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+n3p0OGL-oEI-00000-00000000-00000636 Oh
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00001-00000637-00001212 the United States Navy is at risk right
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00002-00001213-00001998 now this very minute wave after wave of
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00003-00002000-00002233 on what it intrusions capable of
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00004-00002234-00002418 striking anywhere on the planet
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00005-00002419-00002746 including right here at home the probes
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00006-00002747-00002929 are invisible but they could potentially
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00007-00002930-00003102 [__] our forces with this much
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00008-00003103-00003370 devastation as any bomb or missile this
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00009-00003371-00003611 is all occurring in cyberspace the
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00010-00003613-00003879 worldwide domain where communications
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00011-00003881-00004065 intelligence gathering kinetic
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00012-00004067-00004294 operations logistics and commanding
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00013-00004295-00004492 control can be threatened at network
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00014-00004493-00004801 speed but the US Navy stands ready to
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00015-00004802-00004988 repel this threat and to maintain
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00016-00004989-00005242 superiority in this new operational
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00017-00005243-00005536 domain the cyber warriors of u.s. fleet
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00018-00005537-00005791 Cyber Command and u.s. 10th fleet help
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00019-00005792-00006013 operate and assure the security of Navy
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00020-00006014-00006247 networks around the world providing
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00021-00006248-00006474 powerful cyber capabilities necessary
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00022-00006475-00006738 for war fighting superiority across the
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00023-00006739-00007252 full spectrum military operations
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00024-00007253-00007553 any entity with access to the Internet
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00025-00007554-00007814 can operate in cyberspace including
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00026-00007815-00008059 criminals terrorists activists and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00027-00008061-00008438 nation's large and small as vast as the
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00028-00008439-00008732 Internet has become cyberspace is even
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00029-00008733-00008996 larger with virtually all commerce and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00030-00008997-00009149 communications passing through
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00031-00009150-00009521 electronic networks from GPS systems to
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00032-00009522-00009796 wireless phones credit card scanners to
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00033-00009797-00010001 automatic climate control systems and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00034-00010002-00010304 the u.s. power grid all are vulnerable
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00035-00010305-00010687 to cyber attack and so is our military
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00036-00010688-00010982 each day the Department of Defense alone
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00037-00010983-00011371 receives six million probes the
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00038-00011372-00011606 traditional operational domains of
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00039-00011607-00011942 maritime land air and space have
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00040-00011943-00012163 definite boundaries that separate one
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00041-00012164-00012440 from the other but a fifth operational
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00042-00012441-00012856 domain cyberspace crosses all domains
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00043-00012857-00013109 cyberspace is where the battles of the
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00044-00013110-00013643 future will be won or lost 10th fleet is
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00045-00013644-00013877 no stranger to unconventional missions
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00046-00013878-00014225 in world war ii submarines were the new
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00047-00014226-00014483 menace changing the very conventions of
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00048-00014484-00014791 naval combat 10th fleet was formed to
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00049-00014793-00014999 counter that threat unifying
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00050-00015000-00015200 intelligence and operations in one
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00051-00015201-00015436 command for the first time
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00052-00015437-00015734 today's 10th fleet continues that
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00053-00015735-00016003 tradition the Chief of Naval Operations
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00054-00016004-00016291 established u.s. fleet Cyber Command and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00055-00016293-00016553 recommissioned u.s. 10th fleet as the
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00056-00016554-00016799 Navy's central operational authority for
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00057-00016800-00017086 cyber electronic warfare networks
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00058-00017087-00017356 cryptology signals intelligence and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00059-00017357-00017684 information operations this represents a
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00060-00017685-00017900 landmark transition in the evolution of
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00061-00017901-00018167 naval warfare bringing information to
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00062-00018168-00018449 the forefront of the Navy's 21st century
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00063-00018450-00018862 arsenal almost every operation on board
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00064-00018863-00019168 naval vessel functions in cyberspace it
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00065-00019169-00019432 is the primary medium for Navy command
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00066-00019433-00019666 and control communications computer
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00067-00019667-00019861 combat systems and intelligence
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00068-00019862-00020119 capabilities all these systems must
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00069-00020120-00020347 function effectively even in the face of
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00070-00020348-00020677 degradation or outright attack that's
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00071-00020678-00020950 the job of u.s. fleet Cyber Command and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00072-00020951-00021403 us 10th fleet to assure command and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00073-00021404-00021675 control the Navy must maintain dynamic
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00074-00021676-00021967 situational awareness this is constant
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00075-00021968-00022225 and total awareness in real-time of the
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00076-00022226-00022413 state of our networks and communications
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00077-00022414-00022636 capabilities I'm seeing a drop in
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00078-00022637-00022822 capacity Center the typhoon off Japan
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00079-00022823-00023011 you need to reroute our traffic until we
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00080-00023012-00023254 can make sure it's reliable an extension
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00081-00023255-00023461 of dynamic situational awareness is
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00082-00023462-00023773 dynamic Network defense the ability to
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00083-00023774-00023980 proactively counter intrusions or
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00084-00023981-00024217 hostile acts against our networks before
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00085-00024218-00024466 they disrupt our operations and to
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00086-00024467-00024682 seamlessly maintain continuity of
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00087-00024683-00024909 command and control battle watch captain
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00088-00024910-00025207 I'm detecting a large amount of traffic
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00089-00025208-00025588 flowing into the fifth lead mom sir our
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00090-00025589-00025738 networks integrated indicating a
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00091-00025739-00025894 malicious signature there as well I
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00092-00025895-00026058 believe they're probing our premise
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00093-00026060-00026197 router and I'm getting ready to launch
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00094-00026198-00026389 it denial of service attack block an
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00095-00026389-00026626 incoming source IP address and I have
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00096-00026627-00026818 Intel pass at the u.s. Cybercom Jake -
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00097-00026819-00027423 yes sir
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00098-00027424-00027901 sir we got good work dynamic Network
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00099-00027902-00028123 defense and situational awareness are
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00100-00028124-00028387 necessary to enable tenth fleet's third
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00101-00028388-00028627 responsibilities full spectrum
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00102-00028627-00028942 cyberspace operations this refers to a
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00103-00028943-00029179 wide range of non kinetic effects that
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00104-00029180-00029356 can be used independently or to
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00105-00029357-00029650 complement kinetic actions cyberspace
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00106-00029651-00029860 operations can be as effective as a bomb
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00107-00029861-00030064 or missile that can be conducted from
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00108-00030064-00030316 virtually anywhere on the planet in real
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00109-00030317-00030793 time the sailors of 10th fleet are cyber
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00110-00030794-00031063 warriors conducting operations in a
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00111-00031064-00031360 critical modern domain they're a force
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00112-00031361-00031567 multiplier for both kinetic and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00113-00031568-00031861 non-kinetic naval operations delivering
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00114-00031862-00032083 timely mission critical information and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00115-00032083-00032287 capabilities to our commanders and
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00116-00032288-00033049 operating forces worldwide
+n3p0OGL-oEI-00117-00033050-00033256 you
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00000-00000011-00000296 everybody this buddy well i'm back at
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00001-00000297-00000883 the OC this is january i think its 29th
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00002-00000884-00001224 and i'm starting back with I working out
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00003-00001225-00001525 doing the spinning class and then after
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00004-00001526-00002095 that swim so we're gonna see how it goes
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00005-00002096-00003064 but this is the old seat starting back
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00006-00003065-00003494 I've taken a month let me say five
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00007-00003495-00003934 almost six weeks off oh my goodness
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00008-00003935-00004358 starting backs gonna be interesting ice
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00009-00004359-00004609 on the doors or foggy
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00010-00004610-00004858 everybody this is buddy well I'm leaving
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00011-00004859-00005118 the OC and I'm telling you what I'm
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00012-00005119-00005356 starting back after being off since
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00013-00005357-00005595 December that toward it december the
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00014-00005596-00005961 21st i think it was the day last day i
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00015-00005962-00006422 swam her did the spinning class well
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00016-00006423-00006780 it's literally kicked my butt today
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00017-00006781-00007138 starting back is managed what did he
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00018-00007139-00007764 just started back it ain't easy I knew
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00019-00007765-00008080 as soon as I got in the water that I had
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00020-00008081-00008485 in back in December I had literally dead
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00021-00008486-00008794 quantum jump over to the buddy that is
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00022-00008795-00009163 always swam and did flip terms this
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00023-00009164-00009427 buddy that you see right now never did
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00024-00009428-00009771 flip turns very seldom today even until
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00025-00009772-00010053 one or two as soon as I got in the water
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00026-00010054-00010327 I remembered that I was supposed to do
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00027-00010328-00010764 flip turns in the year 2017 guess what
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00028-00010765-00011134 it's 2017 this is my first day back in
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00029-00011135-00011233 the pool
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00030-00011234-00011559 very first length of the pool I did a
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00031-00011560-00011816 flip turn and then came back did one
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00032-00011817-00012148 make a long story short I flip turn
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00033-00012149-00012678 every turn except a couple i did 57
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00034-00012679-00012919 links I don't even know it was right at
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00035-00012919-00013188 30 minutes I don't even know the time
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00036-00013190-00013753 i'm just that wore out but um i got one
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00037-00013754-00013921 of the lifeguards do some video of my
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00038-00013922-00014163 flip turns now don't laugh they look
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00039-00014165-00014608 like crap but on this is the beginning
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00040-00014609-00015006 of me bringing flip turns into my
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00041-00015007-00015313 swimming routine can I do it will I be
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00042-00015313-00015703 successful it like to kill me today it's
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00043-00015704-00015865 just I don't know something about the
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00044-00015866-00016136 equilibrium but um
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00045-00016137-00016316 the lifeguard gave me some really good
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00046-00016316-00016739 tips and some things to practice so keep
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00047-00016740-00017135 tuning in and see what is hit this mess
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00048-00017136-00017528 it's gonna improve all right when I left
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00049-00017529-00017881 off back in december i was able to go
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00050-00017882-00018152 for two hours now that's no flip turns
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00051-00018153-00018433 my times were what they were but now
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00052-00018434-00018989 this time the judge is out on how good
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00053-00018990-00019156 this is gonna do me or what this is
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00054-00019157-00019388 gonna be like still keep checking back
+n5AmV7A6WKo-00056-00022858-00023189 [Music]
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00000-00000014-00000229 adaptive learning is getting a lot of
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00001-00000231-00000494 attention and promotion these days but
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00002-00000495-00000707 the products that carry this label vary
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00003-00000708-00000991 widely in terms of what they do this has
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00004-00000992-00001178 created some understandable confusion
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00005-00001179-00001436 about what the term means and how
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00006-00001437-00001648 adaptive learning products can be useful
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00007-00001650-00001859 in the classroom for a vendor's
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00008-00001860-00002032 perspective we went to mcgraw-hill
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00009-00002034-00002249 education to have an in-depth
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00010-00002250-00002467 conversation with their researchers and
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00011-00002468-00002681 product designers about their particular
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00012-00002682-00002917 approach to adaptive learning in this
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00013-00002918-00003067 first segment they share their
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00014-00003068-00003290 philosophy about how these products can
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00015-00003290-00004015 best support teachers and students a
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00016-00004015-00004370 very important part of learning is being
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00017-00004371-00004610 able to practice practice over and over
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00018-00004611-00004841 again in different stages one of the
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00019-00004842-00005090 emotional aspects of adaptive learning
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00020-00005091-00005435 is providing a safe area where students
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00021-00005436-00005668 can practice and fail the only way to
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00022-00005669-00005977 learn is to fail and fail repeatedly so
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00023-00005978-00006179 I think this is a very very important
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00024-00006180-00006406 characteristic of adaptive systems that
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00025-00006408-00006725 provides a safe area for learners to
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00026-00006726-00007006 practice and fail it's the heart of
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00027-00007008-00007198 adaptive learning and its value is it
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00028-00007200-00007471 practiced it was there something else to
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00029-00007472-00007691 it so I think we would generalize it to
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00030-00007692-00007919 the heart of its value is engagement and
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00031-00007920-00008219 so you know if we back up there's no
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00032-00008220-00008426 doubt that learning is truly social to
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00033-00008427-00008570 begin with and learning is about
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00034-00008571-00008858 dedicated faculty and teachers skilled
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00035-00008859-00009064 in their area of discipline skilled at
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00036-00009065-00009242 engaging and connecting with students
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00037-00009243-00009478 and about drawing the best out of that
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00038-00009479-00009667 student body that they can and I don't
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00039-00009668-00009835 care if it's a traditional classroom a
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00040-00009836-00010049 flipped classroom a blended classroom
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00041-00010050-00010217 and online we all remember those
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00042-00010218-00010513 teachers who influenced us so what
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00043-00010514-00010712 adaptive learning does though because at
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00044-00010713-00010924 times that learner as al said needs to
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00045-00010925-00011105 be charged to do their own work needs a
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00046-00011106-00011348 safe place to practice and fail and
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00047-00011349-00011614 needs to really struggle to learn to
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00048-00011615-00011945 master adaptive learning is about making
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00049-00011946-00012152 that moment infinitely more engagement
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00050-00012153-00012592 engaging by offering a sequence of
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00051-00012593-00012776 activities that's really tailored to
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00052-00012777-00012977 their needs and abilities if I'm a
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00053-00012978-00013250 teacher and I'm thinking about bringing
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00054-00013251-00013302 it
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00055-00013303-00013461 learning into my classroom and I'm
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00056-00013462-00013704 thinking about practice and I'm thinking
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00057-00013705-00014030 about engagement how do I need to think
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00058-00014031-00014330 about the way in which an adaptive
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00059-00014331-00014588 learning product affects how I teach
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00060-00014590-00014813 there are many things one can think
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00061-00014815-00015090 about I would argue and Matt now can
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00062-00015091-00015285 jump in the first thing is things don't
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00063-00015286-00015480 change as much as you one might believe
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00064-00015481-00015759 so this isn't about blowing up education
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00065-00015760-00016032 and some new miraculous way of teaching
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00066-00016033-00016241 it's about doing what we do in ways that
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00067-00016243-00016397 are better and more effective and more
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00068-00016398-00016557 engaging so you need to plan your
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00069-00016558-00016767 curriculum you need to have your
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00070-00016768-00016992 objectives to that class session or that
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00071-00016993-00017238 week or that lesson plan but what you
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00072-00017239-00017469 need to do is have more fluidity in your
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00073-00017470-00017691 prep because the beauty of this approach
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00074-00017692-00017967 is 15 minutes before class the night
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00075-00017968-00018249 before class during class you're
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00076-00018250-00018453 receiving feedback you have a much
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00077-00018454-00018650 better sense for where a cluster of
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00078-00018651-00018900 students or an entire class section is
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00079-00018901-00019188 and therefore you can tailor what you
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00080-00019189-00019446 emphasize and what you go back and
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00081-00019447-00019655 review more effectively and maybe I'll
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00082-00019656-00019844 turn it over to Matt who was a k-12
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00083-00019845-00020040 teacher for many years and let him talk
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00084-00020041-00020235 about it this was a sixth grade teacher
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00085-00020236-00020493 in the Bronx 30 students to were
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00086-00020494-00020637 illiterate and one was reading at a high
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00087-00020638-00020825 school level the school day ended at
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00088-00020826-00021072 3:15 and I went home at 7 what I was
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00089-00021073-00021242 doing in that four hour window was
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00090-00021243-00021462 dissecting the work we've done that day
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00091-00021463-00021747 figuring out where specific students
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00092-00021748-00021912 were where they needed to be figuring
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00093-00021913-00022068 out where they were challenged it was a
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00094-00022069-00022325 three to four hour task if I had a
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00095-00022326-00022494 system that could help me parse through
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00096-00022495-00022697 that so that I could prepare for the
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00097-00022698-00022919 next day an individualized plan for each
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00098-00022920-00023163 student for cohorts of students that's
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00099-00023164-00023322 what I was looking for that I was
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00100-00023323-00023556 missing from my textbook experience the
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00101-00023557-00023784 heart and soul of learning is the
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00102-00023785-00023975 instructor and the teacher so that's
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00103-00023976-00024180 that's not just a value that we have at
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00104-00024181-00024459 mcgraw-hill but the best research and
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00105-00024460-00024642 learning science bears that out this is
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00106-00024643-00024942 probably the largest research ever done
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00107-00024943-00025300 in education was by John Hattie a
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00108-00025301-00025614 researcher in New Zealand I did a meta
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00109-00025614-00025865 study of all the possible interventions
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00110-00025866-00026100 that you can apply and learning what has
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00111-00026101-00026481 the largest effect size and I was kind
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00112-00026482-00026677 of summarizing distilling it it's
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00113-00026679-00026954 making visible to the instructor the
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00114-00026955-00027139 impact of the burning so I think the
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00115-00027141-00027335 exciting part about what we're doing now
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00116-00027336-00027608 is the convergence of adaptive learning
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00117-00027608-00027881 and learning analytics where we're able
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00118-00027882-00028189 to now surface to the instructor and the
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00119-00028191-00028400 teacher the master teacher what's
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00120-00028401-00028622 working what's not working where do I
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00121-00028623-00028783 need to apply the intervention so
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00122-00028785-00029095 adaptive learning is just a tool kit in
+n6D-J0mEa9g-00123-00029097-00029588 the tool chest of master instructor
+n6UvVISxvPE-00000-00000000-00000534 foreign
+n6UvVISxvPE-00001-00000535-00000797 today we're talking about the different
+n6UvVISxvPE-00002-00000798-00001115 forms of Naruto and Naruto Shippuden
+n6UvVISxvPE-00003-00001116-00001408 we have Sage Mode Naruto where he gains
+n6UvVISxvPE-00004-00001409-00001618 increased speed strength and heightened
+n6UvVISxvPE-00005-00001619-00001757 senses
+n6UvVISxvPE-00006-00001757-00002026 next the nine-tailed fox Chalker mode
+n6UvVISxvPE-00007-00002027-00002267 where Naruto's Powers multiplied many
+n6UvVISxvPE-00008-00002268-00002423 times over
+n6UvVISxvPE-00009-00002424-00002741 and finally the six pass sage mode where
+n6UvVISxvPE-00010-00002742-00003047 Naruto gains the power of the six pass
+n6UvVISxvPE-00011-00003048-00003299 that's it these are some of the most
+n6UvVISxvPE-00012-00003300-00003497 important Transformations that Naruto
+n6UvVISxvPE-00013-00003497-00003749 undergoes in Naruto Shippuden which one
+n6UvVISxvPE-00014-00003750-00003965 is your favorite let me know in the
+n6UvVISxvPE-00015-00003965-00004169 comments
+n6UvVISxvPE-00016-00004170-00004278 foreign
+n6UvVISxvPE-00017-00004279-00004592 [Music]
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00000-00000000-00000179 Shabet institute of engineering and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00001-00000180-00000356 technology also known as shop hip
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00002-00000357-00000566 university is a research university
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00003-00000567-00000869 located in Meerut uttar pradesh india it
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00004-00000869-00001058 is a deemed university under Section
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00005-00001059-00001193 three of the University Grants
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00006-00001194-00001433 Commission Act 1956 and accredited by
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00007-00001434-00001618 national accreditation and assessment
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00008-00001619-00002239 Council NAAC
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00009-00002240-00002915 topic location the university is located
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00010-00002916-00003118 in Meerut on the Delhi Meerut Dehradun
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00011-00003119-00003928 National Highway and aged 58 topic
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00012-00003929-00004465 interdisciplinary academic approach
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00013-00004466-00004733 after becoming a dame to be University
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00014-00004734-00004877 the university introduced
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00015-00004878-00005027 interdisciplinary postgraduate
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00016-00005028-00005213 programmes in the niche areas of Agri
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00017-00005214-00005386 informatics bioinformatics and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00018-00005387-00005540 biomedical engineering
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00019-00005541-00005786 apart from facilitating postgraduate
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00020-00005787-00005966 education programme in a manner that all
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00021-00005967-00006140 students have opportunities to access
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00022-00006141-00006317 several disciplines in all knowledge
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00023-00006318-00006545 areas the university also has research
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00024-00006545-00006719 areas not oriented towards any
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00025-00006720-00006887 particular department but built around
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00026-00006888-00007123 thematic concerns this has enabled
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00027-00007125-00007321 researchers from several disciplines to
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00028-00007322-00007466 work together and share knowledge and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00029-00007467-00007781 information as the identified areas by
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00030-00007781-00007984 the university have recently emerged as
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00031-00007986-00008138 compared to many other established
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00032-00008139-00008339 fields and core educational programmes
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00033-00008340-00008492 therefore at this juncture these
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00034-00008493-00008624 emerging areas are highly
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00035-00008625-00008789 interdisciplinary which are influenced
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00036-00008790-00008966 by an overlap with computer science
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00037-00008967-00009221 electronics biotechnology pharmacy and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00038-00009222-00009494 management disciplines consequently in
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00039-00009495-00009698 accordance with UGC guidelines that the
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00040-00009699-00009848 deemed to be university should have
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00041-00009849-00009977 among its primary objectives
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00042-00009978-00010166 postgraduate instruction and training in
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00043-00010167-00010339 such branches of learning as it may deem
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00044-00010340-00010531 fit and research for the advancement and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00045-00010532-00010670 dissemination of knowledge the
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00046-00010671-00010864 university strategically started and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00047-00010865-00011030 proposed other several innovative and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00048-00011031-00011242 interdisciplinary programs also so as to
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00049-00011243-00011417 supplement the scientific requirements
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00050-00011418-00012167 of the chosen emerging areas topic
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00051-00012168-00012767 research activities the university
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00052-00012768-00012835 undertook to
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00053-00012836-00013038 and research is essential ingredients of
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00054-00013039-00013231 its activities with emphasis on research
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00055-00013232-00013444 productivity innovations in teaching and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00056-00013444-00013630 progress in emerging areas through its
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00057-00013631-00013894 postgraduate and doctoral programs each
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00058-00013894-00014110 stream has a very strong research focus
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00059-00014111-00014353 and industry aligned curriculum with an
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00060-00014354-00014512 understanding that to carry out research
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00061-00014513-00014694 of the highest quality it can no longer
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00062-00014696-00014890 merely be an in-house affair the
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00063-00014891-00015055 university has joined hands with a
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00064-00015056-00015226 number of universities and research
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00065-00015227-00015409 organizational for collaboration in
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00066-00015410-00015682 research the university organizes
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00067-00015683-00015907 workshops seminars conferences and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00068-00015908-00016087 brainstorming sessions at national and
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00069-00016088-00016279 international level by the experts from
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00070-00016280-00016435 academia industry and research
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00071-00016436-00016678 organizations for identifying potential
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00072-00016679-00016834 areas of research in these emerging
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00073-00016835-00017065 areas develop inclusive syllabi build
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00074-00017066-00017224 knowledge base with innovative pedagogy
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00075-00017225-00017428 establish linkages and tie ups with
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00076-00017429-00017619 renowned institutes and universities at
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00077-00017620-00017822 national and international levels
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00078-00017823-00018121 asterisk source CII report based on
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00079-00018122-00018454 Indian Citation Index 2016 HTTP colon
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00080-00018455-00018838 slash slash WW Indian Citation Index com
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00081-00018839-00019437 HTM SC - HD - final report 2016 dot PDF
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00082-00019438-00019675 topic schools in centers School of
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00083-00019676-00019855 Engineering and Technology School of
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00084-00019856-00019930 Business Studies
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00085-00019931-00020175 NMC School of Law and constitutional
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00086-00020176-00020353 studies school of biological engineering
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00087-00020354-00020638 Center a biotechnology Center biomedical
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00088-00020639-00020869 engineering center bioinformatics Center
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00089-00020870-00021040 for agricultural informatics and a
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00090-00021041-00021232 governance research studies school of
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00091-00021233-00021412 basic and Applied Sciences School of
+n7DFpFoKMrQ-00092-00021413-00021772 Humanities and Arts School of Education
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00000-00000000-00000337 John George Trump August 21st 1907 to
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00001-00000338-00000668 February 21st 1985 was an American
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00002-00000669-00000860 electrical engineer inventor and
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00003-00000861-00001139 physicist he was a recipient of US
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00004-00001140-00001358 President Ronald Reagan's National Medal
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00005-00001359-00001553 of Science and a member of the National
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00006-00001554-00001834 Academy of Engineering John Trump was
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00007-00001835-00002009 noted for developing rotational
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00008-00002010-00002293 radiation therapy together with Robert J
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00009-00002294-00002489 Van de Graaff he developed one of the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00010-00002490-00002798 first million volt x-ray generators he
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00011-00002799-00002987 was the paternal uncle of the 45th
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00012-00002988-00003184 President of the United States Donald
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00013-00003185-00003472 Trump topic early life Trump was the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00014-00003473-00003638 youngest of three children and the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00015-00003639-00003847 second son of German immigrants Frederik
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00016-00003848-00004118 Trump and Elizabeth Christ Trump he was
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00017-00004119-00004351 born in New York City on August 21st
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00018-00004352-00004700 1907 John's brother Fred joined their
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00019-00004701-00004879 mother in real estate development and
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00020-00004880-00005060 management while still in his teens
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00021-00005061-00005368 Elizabeth Trump and son initially John
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00022-00005369-00005531 and his brother tried working together
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00023-00005532-00005738 building houses but ultimately they
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00024-00005739-00005906 dissolved their partnership and John
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00025-00005907-00006068 pursued a career in electrical
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00026-00006069-00006293 engineering Trump received his
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00027-00006294-00006452 bachelor's degree in electrical
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00028-00006453-00006670 engineering from the New York University
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00029-00006672-00006830 tandon School of Engineering
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00030-00006831-00007042 then Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00031-00007043-00007325 in 1929 his master's degree in physics
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00032-00007326-00007526 from Columbia University and his
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00033-00007527-00007706 doctorate of electrical engineering from
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00034-00007706-00007873 the Massachusetts Institute of
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00035-00007875-00008267 Technology MIT in 1933 he was a
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00036-00008268-00008707 professor at MIT from 1936 until 1973
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00037-00008708-00008992 topic war service during World War two
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00038-00008993-00009206 Trump switched from work on hospital
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00039-00009207-00009421 x-ray machines to research into similar
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00040-00009422-00009563 technologies with a more direct
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00041-00009564-00009812 application to warfare especially the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00042-00009813-00010139 development of radar during 1940 he
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00043-00010140-00010334 joined the newly formed National Defense
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00044-00010335-00010610 Research Committee NDRC as technical
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00045-00010611-00010831 aide to Karl Compton president of MIT
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00046-00010832-00011053 and the chairman of the radar division
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00047-00011054-00011353 during 1942 Trump became secretary of
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00048-00011354-00011534 the microwave committee a subcommittee
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00049-00011535-00011819 of the NDRC the director of the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00050-00011820-00012005 microwave committee was Alfred Lee
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00051-00012006-00012212 Loomis the millionaire physicist who
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00052-00012213-00012463 decided to create a laboratory he
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00053-00012464-00012595 selected a site for it
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00054-00012596-00012773 chose a suitably discreet and ambiguous
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00055-00012774-00012941 name for it and funded the construction
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00056-00012941-00013178 until the federal administration was
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00057-00013179-00013427 established the new institution
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00058-00013428-00013688 was the MIT radiation laboratory or the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00059-00013688-00013928 rad lab the British were also
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00060-00013929-00014099 researching radar which they termed
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00061-00014100-00014354 radio direction finder RDF and had
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00062-00014355-00014591 started much earlier their Tizard
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00063-00014591-00014777 mission to the US showed how much more
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00064-00014778-00014947 sophisticated they were with some of the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00065-00014949-00015172 technologies particularly the magnetron
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00066-00015173-00015430 the u.s. decided to send a team to
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00067-00015431-00015613 Britain to help coordinate the efforts
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00068-00015615-00015887 of the two allies the unit was known as
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00069-00015888-00016052 the British branch of the radiation
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00070-00016053-00016310 laboratory BB RL and operated as a
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00071-00016311-00016435 department of Britain's
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00072-00016436-00016577 telecommunications Research
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00073-00016578-00016775 Establishment tray at Malvern in
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00074-00016776-00017132 Worcestershire in 1943 as the technical
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00075-00017133-00017429 aid in division 14 of the NDRC Trump
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00076-00017430-00017618 reviewed and analyzed the papers of
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00077-00017619-00017825 Nikola Tesla when the inventor died in a
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00078-00017826-00018089 New York City hotel the research was
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00079-00018090-00018254 completed on behalf of the alien
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00080-00018255-00018485 property custodian office in Washington
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00081-00018486-00018866 DC from February 1944 to the end of the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00082-00018867-00019069 war in Europe Trump was the director of
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00083-00019070-00019328 the BB RL during this time Trump also
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00084-00019329-00019541 served in the advisory specialist group
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00085-00019542-00019853 on radar advising USAAF General Carl
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00086-00019854-00020090 Spaatz on navigational radar precision
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00087-00020091-00020333 bombing radar and also defenses against
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00088-00020334-00020500 the German radars found in their night
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00089-00020501-00020750 fighters and in their flak units the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00090-00020751-00021134 systems included G oboe Lauren H 2 X mu
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00091-00021135-00021533 and minus 584 Seychelles rupees Trump
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00092-00021534-00021694 worked with all the most important
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00093-00021695-00021908 British radar experts including Sir
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00094-00021909-00022247 Robert watson-watt ap ro and Bernard
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00095-00022248-00022484 Lovell at the end of the war Trump also
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00096-00022485-00022688 had interviews with Germany's main radar
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00097-00022689-00022967 technicians Trump received recognition
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00098-00022968-00023162 for his war work from both the United
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00099-00023163-00023711 States and the United Kingdom
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00100-00023712-00024219 topic family
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00101-00024220-00024597 janji Trump married Elora sauerbrun 1913
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00102-00024598-00024870 to 1983 and they had three children
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00103-00024871-00025194 the late John Gordon Trump 1938 to 2012
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00104-00025195-00025444 of Watertown Massachusetts Christine
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00105-00025445-00025653 filth of New London New Hampshire and
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00106-00025654-00025852 Karen Ingram of Los Alamos New Mexico
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00107-00025852-00026190 and six grandchildren his nephew Donald
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00108-00026191-00026439 John Trump was inaugurated as the 45th
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00109-00026441-00027008 President of the United States in 2017
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00110-00027010-00027532 topic later life
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00111-00027533-00027880 during 1946 Trump Robert J Van de Graaff
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00112-00027881-00028155 and Dennis M Robinson initiated the high
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00113-00028156-00028464 voltage engineering corporation H VEC to
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00114-00028465-00028668 produce Van de Graaff generators he
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00115-00028669-00028861 returned to MIT to teach and direct
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00116-00028862-00029104 research for three decades after the war
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00117-00029105-00029424 Trump died in Boston on February 21st
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00118-00029425-00029692 1985 the National Academy of Engineering
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00119-00029693-00029989 described Trump as a pioneer in the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00120-00029989-00030217 scientific engineering and medical
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00121-00030218-00030515 applications of high voltage machinery
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00122-00030516-00030814 James Meltzer Trump's lab director is
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00123-00030814-00031105 quoted as saying John over a period of
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00124-00031106-00031308 three decades would be approached by
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00125-00031309-00031518 people of all sorts because he could
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00126-00031519-00031702 make mega volt beams of ions and
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00127-00031702-00032004 electrons death rays
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00128-00032005-00032310 what did he do with it cancer research
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00129-00032311-00032561 sterilizing Sledge out in Deer Island a
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00130-00032562-00032826 waste disposal facility all sorts of
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00131-00032827-00033096 wondrous things he didn't touch the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00132-00033097-00033533 weapons stuff
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00133-00033534-00034097 topic Awards & honors
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00134-00034098-00034283 Trump received a number of awards
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00135-00034284-00034682 including 1947 the Kings medal for
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00136-00034683-00034898 service in the cause of freedom kms
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00137-00034899-00035279 given by George the 6th 1948 the
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00138-00035280-00035426 presidents certificate of merit
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00139-00035427-00035845 presented by President Harry s truman
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00140-00035846-00036155 1960 the lam medal given by the American
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00141-00036156-00036545 Institute of Electrical Engineers 1983
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00142-00036546-00036779 the National Medal of Science presented
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00143-00036780-00037250 by President Ronald Reagan
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00144-00037251-00037612 topic references
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00145-00037613-00037774 you
+nq-J7nJY2-y-00146-00037775-00037981 you
+nr52jxrnI8I-00000-00000003-00000221 welcome to this discussion on secure
+nr52jxrnI8I-00001-00000222-00000449 ninja cyber intelligence and cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00002-00000450-00000701 counterintelligence training powered by
+nr52jxrnI8I-00003-00000702-00001094 Treadstone 71 my name is Yoshi co ninja
+nr52jxrnI8I-00004-00001095-00001366 we read in the papers the investigations
+nr52jxrnI8I-00005-00001367-00001622 around malware such as Stuxnet flame
+nr52jxrnI8I-00006-00001623-00001892 Dooku and mati they are in the news
+nr52jxrnI8I-00007-00001893-00002129 daily with detailed code examples and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00008-00002130-00002291 methods of movement within the target
+nr52jxrnI8I-00009-00002292-00002530 information systems and devices
+nr52jxrnI8I-00010-00002531-00002804 antivirus companies manage security
+nr52jxrnI8I-00011-00002805-00003116 firms in cybersecurity consultancies all
+nr52jxrnI8I-00012-00003117-00003331 discussed the capabilities and functions
+nr52jxrnI8I-00013-00003332-00003584 of the malware of the day they discussed
+nr52jxrnI8I-00014-00003585-00003758 the technical acumen and unique
+nr52jxrnI8I-00015-00003759-00003959 capabilities of the code marveling at
+nr52jxrnI8I-00016-00003960-00004154 the comprehensive nature of the cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00017-00004155-00004322 weapon and a thoroughness of the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00018-00004323-00004592 developers they and others release the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00019-00004593-00004904 code for open source reviews they solve
+nr52jxrnI8I-00020-00004905-00005077 the issues with the Mon we're releasing
+nr52jxrnI8I-00021-00005078-00005342 warnings signatures and engine updates
+nr52jxrnI8I-00022-00005343-00005588 and new detection and prevention methods
+nr52jxrnI8I-00023-00005589-00005792 all in the name of stopping the highly
+nr52jxrnI8I-00024-00005793-00006059 functional code the focus is on the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00025-00006060-00006397 technology the solution always reported
+nr52jxrnI8I-00026-00006398-00006631 to be a technology what really needs to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00027-00006633-00006806 be discussed though is the methods of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00028-00006806-00007025 intelligence collection production
+nr52jxrnI8I-00029-00007026-00007283 analysis and delivery that lead to such
+nr52jxrnI8I-00030-00007284-00007505 ingenious software to be developed and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00031-00007506-00007789 targeted because when you really look at
+nr52jxrnI8I-00032-00007790-00007867 the issue
+nr52jxrnI8I-00033-00007868-00008189 Stuxnet flame Dooku and mati are in and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00034-00008190-00008389 of themselves nothing more than the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00035-00008390-00008692 payload of the overall program but flame
+nr52jxrnI8I-00036-00008693-00008953 has changed things a bit let's take a
+nr52jxrnI8I-00037-00008954-00009221 look at flame flame has been called a
+nr52jxrnI8I-00038-00009222-00009502 sophisticated cyber espionage toolkit
+nr52jxrnI8I-00039-00009503-00009833 flame had a command and control or C and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00040-00009834-00010049 C structure with more than 80 different
+nr52jxrnI8I-00041-00010050-00010321 domains the C and C domains were
+nr52jxrnI8I-00042-00010322-00010688 registered as far back as 2008 with the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00043-00010689-00010880 majority of the domains being registered
+nr52jxrnI8I-00044-00010881-00011156 with GoDaddy five of the servers
+nr52jxrnI8I-00045-00011157-00011378 examined were running Ubuntu Linux and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00046-00011379-00011920 head ports 22 443 and 8080 open flame
+nr52jxrnI8I-00047-00011921-00012224 utilized fake microsoft certificates to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00048-00012225-00012452 redirect machines to a fake system
+nr52jxrnI8I-00049-00012453-00012628 update that would install the full
+nr52jxrnI8I-00050-00012629-00012860 version of the virus flame would
+nr52jxrnI8I-00051-00012861-00013085 initially infect a few devices
+nr52jxrnI8I-00052-00013086-00013301 once the information obtained was
+nr52jxrnI8I-00053-00013302-00013562 analyzed plane would remove itself from
+nr52jxrnI8I-00054-00013563-00013784 devices producing the least valuable
+nr52jxrnI8I-00055-00013785-00013903 information
+nr52jxrnI8I-00056-00013904-00014113 targeting would then move on to other
+nr52jxrnI8I-00057-00014115-00014405 devices identifying high-value targets
+nr52jxrnI8I-00058-00014406-00014678 flames self removal and specific
+nr52jxrnI8I-00059-00014679-00014885 information targeting allowed it to go
+nr52jxrnI8I-00060-00014886-00015200 undetected the C and C structure went
+nr52jxrnI8I-00061-00015201-00015397 offline after an antivirus firm
+nr52jxrnI8I-00062-00015399-00015616 disclosed the existence of the malware
+nr52jxrnI8I-00063-00015618-00015878 flames as main target was the Middle
+nr52jxrnI8I-00064-00015879-00016216 East it is estimated there are 185
+nr52jxrnI8I-00065-00016218-00016562 targets in Iran 95 in Israel and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00066-00016563-00017044 Palestine 32 in Sudan 29 in Syria and 18
+nr52jxrnI8I-00067-00017045-00017339 in Lebanon the primary operating system
+nr52jxrnI8I-00068-00017340-00017669 infected was Windows 7 32 bit followed
+nr52jxrnI8I-00069-00017670-00017966 by Windows XP it was determined that
+nr52jxrnI8I-00070-00017967-00018341 flame did not run on Windows 7 64 bit
+nr52jxrnI8I-00071-00018342-00018635 there were several versions of flame all
+nr52jxrnI8I-00072-00018636-00018821 the versions observed had the same
+nr52jxrnI8I-00073-00018822-00019115 password flame also functioned as a
+nr52jxrnI8I-00074-00019116-00019376 Bluetooth beacon using Bluetooth devices
+nr52jxrnI8I-00075-00019377-00019532 to collect information about
+nr52jxrnI8I-00076-00019533-00019835 discoverable devices flame can be
+nr52jxrnI8I-00077-00019836-00020039 related to other versions of malware
+nr52jxrnI8I-00078-00020040-00020324 namely Stuxnet and Duke based on their
+nr52jxrnI8I-00079-00020325-00020606 structures and targets the date of flame
+nr52jxrnI8I-00080-00020607-00020855 extract that included AutoCAD drawings
+nr52jxrnI8I-00081-00020856-00021169 summaries of PDF and txt files emails
+nr52jxrnI8I-00082-00021170-00021449 audio recordings and what was described
+nr52jxrnI8I-00083-00021450-00021839 as interesting or high-value files it is
+nr52jxrnI8I-00084-00021840-00022079 suggested that flames capture of audio
+nr52jxrnI8I-00085-00022080-00022256 came after other Hmong we're targeting
+nr52jxrnI8I-00086-00022257-00022499 email communications made officials
+nr52jxrnI8I-00087-00022500-00022733 conduct more face-to-face meetings to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00088-00022734-00022856 share information
+nr52jxrnI8I-00089-00022857-00023057 many of the infected devices were
+nr52jxrnI8I-00090-00023058-00023275 related to Iranian infrastructure
+nr52jxrnI8I-00091-00023276-00023572 specifically energy the information
+nr52jxrnI8I-00092-00023573-00023777 captured by flame was specific and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00093-00023778-00024068 targeted the significance of targeting
+nr52jxrnI8I-00094-00024069-00024278 AutoCAD files could indicate the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00095-00024279-00024506 intention to collect intelligence about
+nr52jxrnI8I-00096-00024507-00024827 facilities engineering designs level of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00097-00024828-00025058 nuclear development infrastructure
+nr52jxrnI8I-00098-00025059-00025319 design and location of critical elements
+nr52jxrnI8I-00099-00025320-00025547 audio recordings could be used to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00100-00025548-00025739 identify persons involved with the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00101-00025739-00026072 planning design creation implementation
+nr52jxrnI8I-00102-00026073-00026258 and maintenance of the facilities and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00103-00026258-00026525 critical elements essentially flame
+nr52jxrnI8I-00104-00026526-00026750 collected information regarding Iran's
+nr52jxrnI8I-00105-00026751-00026960 nuclear capability better and more
+nr52jxrnI8I-00106-00026961-00027127 accurately than other means of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00107-00027129-00027398 intelligence gathering and flame not
+nr52jxrnI8I-00108-00027399-00027536 been detected it would still be
+nr52jxrnI8I-00109-00027537-00027731 collecting and reporting intelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00110-00027732-00027952 back to command and control servers
+nr52jxrnI8I-00111-00027954-00028244 flame wasn't the first tool of its type
+nr52jxrnI8I-00112-00028245-00028469 and it certainly won't be the last
+nr52jxrnI8I-00113-00028470-00028777 Stuxnet was primarily a sabotage program
+nr52jxrnI8I-00114-00028779-00029069 whereas flame was primarily an espionage
+nr52jxrnI8I-00115-00029070-00029294 program used for targeting self
+nr52jxrnI8I-00116-00029295-00029582 determination and collection flame can
+nr52jxrnI8I-00117-00029583-00029768 be seen as an extension of the cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00118-00029769-00030023 intelligence lifecycle able to determine
+nr52jxrnI8I-00119-00030024-00030245 targets based upon ontologies and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00120-00030245-00030496 machine code that provides a level of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00121-00030497-00030731 artificial intelligence required to seek
+nr52jxrnI8I-00122-00030732-00031012 out data points of value it follows a
+nr52jxrnI8I-00123-00031013-00031240 strict targeting package determining
+nr52jxrnI8I-00124-00031241-00031483 value while sifting through files much
+nr52jxrnI8I-00125-00031485-00031673 like the traditional sifting through the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00126-00031674-00031870 papers on someone's desk looking for
+nr52jxrnI8I-00127-00031872-00032129 specific information before moving on to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00128-00032130-00032318 the next drawer or cabinet in the room
+nr52jxrnI8I-00129-00032319-00032645 once value is determine data is
+nr52jxrnI8I-00130-00032645-00032876 collected and transmitted back to C and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00131-00032877-00033167 C devices for production analysis and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00132-00033168-00033410 recommendations and opportunities these
+nr52jxrnI8I-00133-00033411-00033623 recommendations and opportunities could
+nr52jxrnI8I-00134-00033624-00033848 be additional payloads such as Stuxnet
+nr52jxrnI8I-00135-00033849-00034136 or even physical payloads regardless
+nr52jxrnI8I-00136-00034137-00034385 flame demonstrates a new level of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00137-00034386-00034625 thinking as in cyber intelligence as we
+nr52jxrnI8I-00138-00034626-00034874 move to the virtual manifestation of the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00139-00034875-00035138 physical tradecraft there are years of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00140-00035139-00035360 historical and technical data required
+nr52jxrnI8I-00141-00035361-00035552 to be mined and understood when it comes
+nr52jxrnI8I-00142-00035553-00035846 to Stuxnet in order to understand what
+nr52jxrnI8I-00143-00035847-00036014 to target and where to direct the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00144-00036015-00036230 payload the program that created the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00145-00036231-00036458 payload would have to study historical
+nr52jxrnI8I-00146-00036459-00036767 cultural technical architectural and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00147-00036768-00037062 electrical data points at the very least
+nr52jxrnI8I-00148-00037063-00037261 everything about the Bushehr nuclear
+nr52jxrnI8I-00149-00037262-00037520 facility would need to be known starting
+nr52jxrnI8I-00150-00037521-00037796 with its roots in 1974 in the underlying
+nr52jxrnI8I-00151-00037797-00038002 architecture begun by the german
+nr52jxrnI8I-00152-00038003-00038290 contractor siemens they would also need
+nr52jxrnI8I-00153-00038291-00038498 to understand the changes
+nr52jxrnI8I-00154-00038499-00038834 in 1995 by Russia when they signed an
+nr52jxrnI8I-00155-00038835-00039043 agreement to provide support to complete
+nr52jxrnI8I-00156-00039044-00039155 the project
+nr52jxrnI8I-00157-00039156-00039374 they would need to know the ins and outs
+nr52jxrnI8I-00158-00039375-00039617 of the Russian Adams Troy export company
+nr52jxrnI8I-00159-00039618-00039871 and the Leningrad metallurgy plant both
+nr52jxrnI8I-00160-00039872-00040090 associated with providing support
+nr52jxrnI8I-00161-00040091-00040361 manpower and technologies to complete
+nr52jxrnI8I-00162-00040362-00040637 the Bushehr plant we can continue this
+nr52jxrnI8I-00163-00040638-00040826 conversation but I believe you
+nr52jxrnI8I-00164-00040827-00041071 understand this would go on for days as
+nr52jxrnI8I-00165-00041072-00041255 we cover each and every aspect of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00166-00041256-00041462 everything associated with the bush air
+nr52jxrnI8I-00167-00041463-00041740 power plant the idea here is to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00168-00041741-00041948 understand the depth and enormity of the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00169-00041949-00042190 effort required to execute a plan of the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00170-00042191-00042421 magnitude required to surgically create
+nr52jxrnI8I-00171-00042422-00042718 and place the Stuxnet payload it is all
+nr52jxrnI8I-00172-00042719-00042962 based upon intelligence whether it is
+nr52jxrnI8I-00173-00042963-00043211 Stuxnet or flame intelligence is the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00174-00043212-00043445 driving force behind the espionage and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00175-00043446-00043712 sabotage program perpetrated against the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00176-00043713-00043979 bush air facility it is not different
+nr52jxrnI8I-00177-00043980-00044212 from physical activities experienced
+nr52jxrnI8I-00178-00044213-00044464 during the Cold War when physical agents
+nr52jxrnI8I-00179-00044465-00044668 would infiltrate foreign countries
+nr52jxrnI8I-00180-00044669-00044882 penetrate critical facilities
+nr52jxrnI8I-00181-00044883-00045124 subsequently stealing information and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00182-00045125-00045343 sabotaging the target facility our
+nr52jxrnI8I-00183-00045344-00045596 technology what has changed as the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00184-00045597-00045830 methods of infiltration and penetration
+nr52jxrnI8I-00185-00045831-00046033 as well as the ability to sabotage
+nr52jxrnI8I-00186-00046034-00046304 without physical harm to humans at least
+nr52jxrnI8I-00187-00046305-00046540 in this case the courses taught by
+nr52jxrnI8I-00188-00046541-00046805 secure ninja in cyber intelligence and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00189-00046806-00047065 cyber counterintelligence represent the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00190-00047066-00047285 virtual manifestation of the physical
+nr52jxrnI8I-00191-00047286-00047524 triad craft this introductory course
+nr52jxrnI8I-00192-00047525-00047745 examines the cyber intelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00193-00047746-00047939 lifecycle as well as the availability
+nr52jxrnI8I-00194-00047940-00048143 and use of open source intelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00195-00048144-00048404 tools to support the improvement of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00196-00048405-00048646 organizational cyber operational
+nr52jxrnI8I-00197-00048647-00048968 security our cyber OPSEC students will
+nr52jxrnI8I-00198-00048969-00049139 be able to understand the cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00199-00049140-00049424 intelligence lifecycle the role and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00200-00049425-00049690 value of cyber intelligence relative to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00201-00049691-00049892 online targeting and collection and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00202-00049893-00050177 modern organizations businesses and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00203-00050178-00050374 governments at the completion of this
+nr52jxrnI8I-00204-00050375-00050657 course in addition students will
+nr52jxrnI8I-00205-00050658-00050864 understand the use methods of only
+nr52jxrnI8I-00206-00050865-00051152 anonymity the fundamentals behind cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00207-00051153-00051404 intelligence collection and analysis and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00208-00051404-00051577 how these current methods can be
+nr52jxrnI8I-00209-00051578-00051779 employed in their organizations to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00210-00051779-00051878 assist in
+nr52jxrnI8I-00211-00051879-00052073 dropped second and their defense against
+nr52jxrnI8I-00212-00052074-00052346 adversaries most organizations do not
+nr52jxrnI8I-00213-00052347-00052598 monitor their online postings with cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00214-00052599-00052925 OPSEC in mind online postings across
+nr52jxrnI8I-00215-00052926-00053174 multiple protocols and web functions
+nr52jxrnI8I-00216-00053175-00053357 might allow your adversaries an
+nr52jxrnI8I-00217-00053358-00053549 opportunity to interpret or piece
+nr52jxrnI8I-00218-00053550-00053788 together critical information
+nr52jxrnI8I-00219-00053789-00054013 adversaries use multiple and overlapping
+nr52jxrnI8I-00220-00054014-00054266 collection efforts targeted against all
+nr52jxrnI8I-00221-00054266-00054461 sources of your organizational and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00222-00054462-00054752 employee information America's enemies
+nr52jxrnI8I-00223-00054753-00055066 scour blogs forums chat rooms and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00224-00055067-00055262 personal websites to piece together
+nr52jxrnI8I-00225-00055263-00055490 information that used to harm the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00226-00055491-00055711 government and commercial organizations
+nr52jxrnI8I-00227-00055712-00056036 learning about cyber intelligence open
+nr52jxrnI8I-00228-00056037-00056258 source intelligence and cyber OPSEC
+nr52jxrnI8I-00229-00056259-00056465 effectively equips students with the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00230-00056466-00056753 tools to gather data points transform
+nr52jxrnI8I-00231-00056754-00056948 these data points into actionable
+nr52jxrnI8I-00232-00056949-00057154 intelligence that prevents target
+nr52jxrnI8I-00233-00057155-00057425 attacks students will learn of measures
+nr52jxrnI8I-00234-00057426-00057770 to identify repel or neutralize targeted
+nr52jxrnI8I-00235-00057771-00057941 intelligence gathering against
+nr52jxrnI8I-00236-00057941-00058214 organizational assets methods of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00237-00058215-00058358 prevention will help reduce your
+nr52jxrnI8I-00238-00058359-00058717 internet web and web 2.0 attack surface
+nr52jxrnI8I-00239-00058719-00058958 open source intelligence is an untapped
+nr52jxrnI8I-00240-00058959-00059186 discipline that can be used to enhance
+nr52jxrnI8I-00241-00059187-00059366 operational security of your
+nr52jxrnI8I-00242-00059366-00059594 organization's online presence while
+nr52jxrnI8I-00243-00059595-00059800 preventing leased path of resistance
+nr52jxrnI8I-00244-00059801-00060032 penetration into your organizational
+nr52jxrnI8I-00245-00060033-00060296 environments in order to protect your
+nr52jxrnI8I-00246-00060297-00060551 online information and reputation you
+nr52jxrnI8I-00247-00060552-00060770 first must understand the methods of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00248-00060771-00061010 targeting data gathering and collection
+nr52jxrnI8I-00249-00061011-00061274 data production analysis and written
+nr52jxrnI8I-00250-00061275-00061567 delivery this intense course covers all
+nr52jxrnI8I-00251-00061569-00061750 aspects of the cyber intelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00252-00061751-00062012 lifecycle focusing on the use of open
+nr52jxrnI8I-00253-00062013-00062210 source tools to gather readily available
+nr52jxrnI8I-00254-00062211-00062588 Internet and web 2.0 data the data
+nr52jxrnI8I-00255-00062589-00062846 points are then organized into a profile
+nr52jxrnI8I-00256-00062847-00063023 of our analysis into actionable
+nr52jxrnI8I-00257-00063024-00063236 intelligence and used to reduce your
+nr52jxrnI8I-00258-00063237-00063430 attack service and prevent additional
+nr52jxrnI8I-00259-00063432-00063698 data loss the focus is on relevant
+nr52jxrnI8I-00260-00063699-00063926 information that can be obtained legally
+nr52jxrnI8I-00261-00063927-00064079 and ethically from the public and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00262-00064079-00064265 private sector and that is not
+nr52jxrnI8I-00263-00064266-00064514 classified in its origin or processing
+nr52jxrnI8I-00264-00064515-00064811 the information may become classified in
+nr52jxrnI8I-00265-00064812-00065033 relation to the students organizational
+nr52jxrnI8I-00266-00065034-00065256 intent or its association with class
+nr52jxrnI8I-00267-00065257-00065422 fighting formation when it is rightly
+nr52jxrnI8I-00268-00065423-00065598 blended into all source intelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00269-00065599-00065910 reports open source data is the raw
+nr52jxrnI8I-00270-00065911-00066231 print broadcast oral debriefing or other
+nr52jxrnI8I-00271-00066232-00066444 form of information from a primary
+nr52jxrnI8I-00272-00066445-00066762 source it can be a photograph a tape
+nr52jxrnI8I-00273-00066763-00067015 recording a commercial satellite image
+nr52jxrnI8I-00274-00067016-00067251 or a personal letter from an individual
+nr52jxrnI8I-00275-00067252-00067551 open source information is comprised of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00276-00067552-00067716 data that can be put together
+nr52jxrnI8I-00277-00067717-00067972 generally by an editorial process that
+nr52jxrnI8I-00278-00067973-00068226 provides some filtering and validation
+nr52jxrnI8I-00279-00068227-00068511 as well as presentation management open
+nr52jxrnI8I-00280-00068512-00068688 source information is generic
+nr52jxrnI8I-00281-00068689-00068892 information that is usually widely
+nr52jxrnI8I-00282-00068893-00069276 disseminated newspapers books broadcast
+nr52jxrnI8I-00283-00069277-00069522 and general daily reports are part of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00284-00069523-00069828 the open source information world open
+nr52jxrnI8I-00285-00069829-00070038 source intelligence is information that
+nr52jxrnI8I-00286-00070039-00070229 has been deliberately discovered
+nr52jxrnI8I-00287-00070230-00070548 discriminated distilled and disseminated
+nr52jxrnI8I-00288-00070549-00070755 to a select audience in order to address
+nr52jxrnI8I-00289-00070756-00070960 a specific question in this case
+nr52jxrnI8I-00290-00070961-00071286 organization on one OPSEC open source
+nr52jxrnI8I-00291-00071287-00071584 intelligence in other words applies the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00292-00071585-00071793 proven process of intelligence to the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00293-00071794-00071997 broad diversity of open sources of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00294-00071998-00072247 information and creates intelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00295-00072248-00072465 that is actionable and can be used to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00296-00072466-00072741 improve cyber defenses and strategies at
+nr52jxrnI8I-00297-00072742-00073005 the end of the course students are armed
+nr52jxrnI8I-00298-00073006-00073159 with the knowledge and tools necessary
+nr52jxrnI8I-00299-00073160-00073471 to start a cyber OPSEC program for their
+nr52jxrnI8I-00300-00073472-00073765 organizations the adversary devotes
+nr52jxrnI8I-00301-00073766-00073998 significant resources to monitor your
+nr52jxrnI8I-00302-00073999-00074223 operations and activities on a daily
+nr52jxrnI8I-00303-00074224-00074515 basis they can produce reliable
+nr52jxrnI8I-00304-00074516-00074705 information on your capabilities
+nr52jxrnI8I-00305-00074706-00074997 intentions and vulnerabilities
+nr52jxrnI8I-00306-00074998-00075225 adversaries are also shifting the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00307-00075226-00075535 emphasis in targeting foreign targeting
+nr52jxrnI8I-00308-00075536-00075772 of American technology is increasing for
+nr52jxrnI8I-00309-00075773-00076043 economic as well as military reasons
+nr52jxrnI8I-00310-00076044-00076311 technology transfer will continue to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00311-00076312-00076510 remain a major concern now and in the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00312-00076511-00076755 future what you do about can either make
+nr52jxrnI8I-00313-00076756-00076901 or break your current and future
+nr52jxrnI8I-00314-00076902-00077153 strategies the cyber counterintelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00315-00077154-00077403 course presents the student with
+nr52jxrnI8I-00316-00077404-00077676 foundational concepts and processes in
+nr52jxrnI8I-00317-00077677-00077847 the discipline of counterintelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00318-00077848-00078057 with the focus on counterintelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00319-00078058-00078162 missions
+nr52jxrnI8I-00320-00078163-00078448 defensive counterintelligence offensive
+nr52jxrnI8I-00321-00078449-00078628 counterintelligence and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00322-00078629-00078847 counterespionage as these realms applied
+nr52jxrnI8I-00323-00078848-00079006 a traditional tradecraft
+nr52jxrnI8I-00324-00079007-00079194 and how they are or will evolve into the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00325-00079195-00079441 cyber domain by starting with
+nr52jxrnI8I-00326-00079442-00079654 traditional counterintelligence and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00327-00079655-00079848 progressing to cyber counterintelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00328-00079849-00080100 the student will develop an appreciation
+nr52jxrnI8I-00329-00080101-00080400 for collection efforts exploitation of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00330-00080401-00080680 potential threats insider concerns and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00331-00080681-00080896 the risks and benefits of Counter
+nr52jxrnI8I-00332-00080897-00081105 Intelligence with the expanding
+nr52jxrnI8I-00333-00081106-00081361 importance on comprehensive and timely
+nr52jxrnI8I-00334-00081362-00081555 need for intelligence for nations as
+nr52jxrnI8I-00335-00081556-00081784 well as businesses the student will
+nr52jxrnI8I-00336-00081785-00081999 explore the essential elements that make
+nr52jxrnI8I-00337-00082000-00082230 up the intelligence cycle with a focus
+nr52jxrnI8I-00338-00082231-00082419 on how these pivotal points are
+nr52jxrnI8I-00339-00082420-00082666 exploited as part of this class the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00340-00082667-00082887 exploration of the continued importance
+nr52jxrnI8I-00341-00082888-00083031 of critical thinking as well as
+nr52jxrnI8I-00342-00083032-00083268 out-of-the-box analysis will be heavily
+nr52jxrnI8I-00343-00083269-00083461 leveraged to improve the critical
+nr52jxrnI8I-00344-00083462-00083749 thinking skills of the students as cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00345-00083750-00084037 topics continue to evolve the increased
+nr52jxrnI8I-00346-00084038-00084259 importance of cyber intelligence is
+nr52jxrnI8I-00347-00084260-00084454 growing and as such the protection of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00348-00084455-00084687 our intelligence cycles will expand as
+nr52jxrnI8I-00349-00084688-00084940 well emphasizing the growing need to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00350-00084941-00085192 ensure our processes are not compromised
+nr52jxrnI8I-00351-00085193-00085468 in a cyber dominated landscape cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00352-00085469-00085729 counterintelligence is one aspect and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00353-00085730-00085978 possibly one of the most crucial topics
+nr52jxrnI8I-00354-00085979-00086191 at the core of protecting our collection
+nr52jxrnI8I-00355-00086192-00086542 efforts legal ethical and privacy issues
+nr52jxrnI8I-00356-00086543-00086767 will be discussed given the inherent
+nr52jxrnI8I-00357-00086768-00087034 nature of the intelligence cycle the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00358-00087035-00087231 potential for active defense or
+nr52jxrnI8I-00359-00087232-00087419 offensive cyber counterintelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00360-00087420-00087697 operations will be covered the course
+nr52jxrnI8I-00361-00087698-00087949 will rely heavily on individual research
+nr52jxrnI8I-00362-00087950-00088168 and group discussion to explore the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00363-00088169-00088396 world of cyber counterintelligence and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00364-00088397-00088510 where applicable
+nr52jxrnI8I-00365-00088511-00088750 make use of the students ability to do
+nr52jxrnI8I-00366-00088751-00088978 independent thinking and analysis of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00367-00088979-00089200 in-class problems at the end of this
+nr52jxrnI8I-00368-00089201-00089422 course the student will be able to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00369-00089423-00089605 understand the role and value of
+nr52jxrnI8I-00370-00089606-00089773 counterintelligence in modern
+nr52jxrnI8I-00371-00089774-00090057 organizations businesses and governments
+nr52jxrnI8I-00372-00090058-00090330 they will be able to identify key
+nr52jxrnI8I-00373-00090331-00090494 elements of an cyber intelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00374-00090495-00090691 targeting in apply the cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00375-00090692-00090934 counterintelligence process to mitigate
+nr52jxrnI8I-00376-00090935-00091165 threats of information disclosure for
+nr52jxrnI8I-00377-00091166-00091459 core business processes students will
+nr52jxrnI8I-00378-00091460-00091638 understand the fundamentals behind
+nr52jxrnI8I-00379-00091639-00091909 currently employed computer security
+nr52jxrnI8I-00380-00091910-00092019 technologies rel
+nr52jxrnI8I-00381-00092020-00092296 two cyber counterintelligence review
+nr52jxrnI8I-00382-00092297-00092526 active defense and issues in offensive
+nr52jxrnI8I-00383-00092527-00092874 cyber operations ultimately the student
+nr52jxrnI8I-00384-00092875-00093048 will be able to examine potential
+nr52jxrnI8I-00385-00093049-00093334 measures to identify penetrate or
+nr52jxrnI8I-00386-00093335-00093606 neutralize hostile operations that use
+nr52jxrnI8I-00387-00093607-00093857 cyber means as the primary tradecraft
+nr52jxrnI8I-00388-00093858-00094116 methodology as well as intelligence
+nr52jxrnI8I-00389-00094117-00094323 service collection efforts that use
+nr52jxrnI8I-00390-00094324-00094530 traditional methods to gauge cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00391-00094531-00094812 capabilities and intentions from site
+nr52jxrnI8I-00392-00094813-00095030 and source reliability guidelines
+nr52jxrnI8I-00393-00095031-00095250 analysis writing assessments and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00394-00095251-00095442 intelligence assessment guides to
+nr52jxrnI8I-00395-00095443-00095532 sockpuppets
+nr52jxrnI8I-00396-00095533-00095809 denial deception counter denial
+nr52jxrnI8I-00397-00095810-00096063 encounter deception anonymity and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00398-00096064-00096357 psychological operations students of the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00399-00096358-00096605 secure ninja courses powered by redstone
+nr52jxrnI8I-00400-00096606-00096876 71 experienced cutting-edge training
+nr52jxrnI8I-00401-00096877-00097182 that is unique new and timely we teach
+nr52jxrnI8I-00402-00097183-00097380 the methods required to prepare for
+nr52jxrnI8I-00403-00097381-00097621 programs that can be long-term in nature
+nr52jxrnI8I-00404-00097622-00097881 we understands the need for patience in
+nr52jxrnI8I-00405-00097882-00098130 executing cyber intelligence and cyber
+nr52jxrnI8I-00406-00098131-00098463 counterintelligence operations in fact
+nr52jxrnI8I-00407-00098464-00098673 some of our students have been running
+nr52jxrnI8I-00408-00098674-00098891 operations for well over a year
+nr52jxrnI8I-00409-00098892-00099204 operations started in our classes if you
+nr52jxrnI8I-00410-00099205-00099397 want to learn from the best and learn
+nr52jxrnI8I-00411-00099398-00099591 the virtual manifestation of the
+nr52jxrnI8I-00412-00099592-00099729 physical tradecraft
+nr52jxrnI8I-00413-00099730-00099960 if you want to understand the data
+nr52jxrnI8I-00414-00099961-00100198 collection production and analysis
+nr52jxrnI8I-00415-00100199-00100384 efforts it takes to create a program
+nr52jxrnI8I-00416-00100385-00100660 that creates a payloads such as Stuxnet
+nr52jxrnI8I-00417-00100661-00100984 or flame then sign up now this is Yoshi
+nr52jxrnI8I-00418-00100985-00101256 Conant representing secure ninja and
+nr52jxrnI8I-00419-00101257-00101894 Treadstone 71 signing off
+nr52jxrnI8I-00420-00101895-00102428 you may call me Bob for more information
+nr52jxrnI8I-00421-00102429-00103339 visit the secure ninja website at
+nr52jxrnI8I-00422-00103340-00104246 www.stanleyandkatrina.com ocation in
+nr52jxrnI8I-00423-00104247-00104723 cyber intelligence thank you for viewing
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00000-00000012-00000214 thank you Sherry I'm glad to be with you
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00001-00000215-00000503 ask me anything okay we have lots of
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00002-00000504-00000628 questions and I know you have lots of
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00003-00000629-00000821 answers today so let's start off
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00004-00000822-00001141 discussing the recent May 14 2018
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00005-00001142-00001474 violent protests in the Gaza border
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00006-00001475-00001771 resulting in more than 60 plus
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00007-00001772-00002026 Palestinian deaths and thousands more
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00008-00002027-00002357 injured at the hands of the Israelis at
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00009-00002358-00002597 this time when the U.S embassy is being
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00010-00002598-00002915 moved from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem under
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00011-00002916-00003293 President Trump so I know that May 15th
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00012-00003294-00003701 is their nakba day which is the Israeli
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00013-00003702-00003881 Independence Day and for the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00014-00003882-00004036 Palestinians of course that's the annual
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00015-00004037-00004325 day of commemoration of their
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00016-00004326-00004817 displacement to put it mildly so what
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00017-00004818-00005033 Robert do you think
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00018-00005034-00005291 was going on in president Trump's head
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00019-00005292-00005561 to make this move what's his end game
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00020-00005562-00005795 aside from
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00021-00005796-00006077 I mentioned 25 million and a Gentleman
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00022-00006078-00006377 might by the name of Sheldon Adelson
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00023-00006378-00006677 oh you heard about the 25 million
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00024-00006678-00006983 um is that true I don't know if it's
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00025-00006984-00007163 true or not but that's what was reported
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00026-00007164-00007427 that that was adelson's condition for
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00027-00007428-00007733 giving Trump 25 million
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00028-00007734-00008056 nobody wanted to believe me when I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00029-00008058-00008242 reported in the American Herald Tribune
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00030-00008243-00008537 on the 4th of March that the koreas were
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00031-00008538-00008867 not only going to unify but denuclearize
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00032-00008868-00009239 and demilitarize now everything I know
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00033-00009240-00009491 depends on other people I stand on the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00034-00009492-00009749 shoulders of others and in this instance
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00035-00009750-00010013 it was Princess Nakamura in Japan and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00036-00010014-00010205 Benjamin fulford in the heads of two
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00037-00010206-00010559 Asian uh criminal secret societies one
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00038-00010560-00010859 crimes family of one secret society and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00039-00010860-00011117 I visited Japan in February and on the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00040-00011118-00011399 18th 19th of February I heard from them
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00041-00011400-00011651 that this was happening and they're all
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00042-00011652-00011945 fans of Donald Trump they said he's done
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00043-00011946-00012214 it now this would not have happened
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00044-00012215-00012509 without shishank pain setting the stage
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00045-00012510-00012719 and telling Korea look the time has come
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00046-00012720-00012971 to denuclearize if you do this I'm going
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00047-00012972-00013121 to treat you like royalty and that's
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00048-00013122-00013558 what he did when Kim visited uh Beijing
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00049-00013559-00013775 um and Donald Trump God blessed said
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00050-00013776-00013972 yeah you're right we should denuclearize
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00051-00013973-00014272 demilitarize the koreas I'm in it I'm on
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00052-00014273-00014458 it I'm agreeing
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00053-00014459-00014707 I reported that no one wanted to hear it
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00054-00014708-00015100 four days later on the 8th of March Q
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00055-00015101-00015371 Anon came out and there are people who
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00056-00015372-00015533 don't like Q Anon I happen to think Q
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00057-00015534-00015803 Anon is very very useful but also speaks
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00058-00015804-00015929 in riddles for which I have little
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00059-00015930-00016085 patience
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00060-00016086-00016391 um and Q Anon has also been hijacked
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00061-00016392-00016600 there's been some fake Q anons out there
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00062-00016601-00016961 bottom line here is I nailed it I was
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00063-00016962-00017329 right it's happening now fast forward
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00064-00017330-00017758 what if XI xingping Vladimir Putin and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00065-00017759-00018022 Donald Trump have already agreed they're
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00066-00018023-00018269 also going to denuclearize the Middle
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00067-00018270-00018383 East
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00068-00018384-00018586 now if you denuclearize the Middle East
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00069-00018587-00018833 that means three things
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00070-00018834-00019144 the biggest is you take down the Israeli
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00071-00019145-00019283 nuclear program
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00072-00019284-00019594 which is 10 to 100 times bigger than the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00073-00019595-00019841 Iranian nuclear program and paid for by
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00074-00019842-00020129 the American taxpayer that's number one
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00075-00020130-00020464 number two you continue to denuclearize
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00076-00020465-00020825 Iran and number three you remove all
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00077-00020826-00021047 nuclear weapons from Saudi Arabia turkey
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00078-00021048-00021257 and other places where the U.S Air Force
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00079-00021258-00021455 has positioned them
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00080-00021456-00021671 I think it's going to happen so are you
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00081-00021672-00021880 saying it's kind of like hey they just
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00082-00021881-00022175 did it let's keep it rolling now well
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00083-00022176-00022535 coming back
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00084-00022536-00022939 at its kindest possible interpretation
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00085-00022940-00023236 Jerusalem is a cattle product Benjamin
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00086-00023237-00023453 netanyahu's ass that is going to be lit
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00087-00023454-00023741 up later
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00088-00023742-00024011 okay well you know there's a certain
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00089-00024012-00024353 order of how things go but let's talk
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00090-00024354-00024563 about Trump
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00091-00024564-00024791 well hold on let's let's come back to
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00092-00024792-00024905 Jerusalem
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00093-00024906-00025103 yeah let's come back to Jerusalem yeah
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00094-00025104-00025336 and the embassy I don't mean to sound
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00095-00025337-00025600 good but the son-in-law and you know the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00096-00025601-00025750 poor Palace well we can talk about the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00097-00025751-00025972 son-in-law also how that all plays let's
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00098-00025973-00026152 come back to Jerusalem
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00099-00026154-00026518 Jerusalem is off limits it's a corpus
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00100-00026519-00026758 separatum cool
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00101-00026760-00026981 everything from the Balfour Declaration
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00102-00026982-00027227 to the United Nations agreement to every
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00103-00027227-00027367 possible agreement
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00104-00027368-00027695 Jerusalem is a separate independent
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00105-00027695-00027911 place in neither Israel nor the United
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00106-00027912-00028174 States of America have any legal right
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00107-00028175-00028433 to put an embassy or a uniformed
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00108-00028433-00028787 presence in Jerusalem now obviously the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00109-00028788-00029081 zionists will debate that bottom line is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00110-00029082-00029357 history is on the side of Jerusalem and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00111-00029358-00029524 peace in the Middle East it's going to
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00112-00029525-00029602 happen
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00113-00029604-00029764 I will
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00114-00029766-00030064 I will say as an American citizen I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00115-00030066-00030335 believe that if an embassy by the U.S is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00116-00030336-00030629 in Jerusalem by 2024 I'll be very
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00117-00030630-00030940 surprised I expect that to be reversed I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00118-00030941-00031151 expect as part of a much larger Middle
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00119-00031152-00031439 Eastern peace process for Jerusalem to
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00120-00031439-00031655 be clear to be declared a separate
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00121-00031656-00031943 International City and all Israeli
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00122-00031944-00032285 uniformed forces expelled from Jerusalem
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00123-00032286-00032567 that's where I think we're going so this
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00124-00032568-00032717 thing with with
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00125-00032718-00033083 um with Jerusalem and my view is a faint
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00126-00033084-00033340 it's meant to put Netanyahu in the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00127-00033341-00033701 neocons and the others off the set
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00128-00033702-00034001 um the whole issue with the son-in-law
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00129-00034002-00034487 Jared Kushner is one of two things well
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00130-00034488-00034702 either Kushner is either
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00131-00034703-00034996 the senior Chabad supremacist cult
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00132-00034997-00035173 representative in the U.S government
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00133-00035174-00035452 betraying his father-in-law every single
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00134-00035453-00035602 day
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00135-00035603-00035729 or
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00136-00035730-00036017 a loyal son-in-law that the president
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00137-00036018-00036280 United States is playing against the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00138-00036281-00036599 Chabad supremacist Jews and Netanyahu
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00139-00036600-00036911 and I lean toward the latter
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00140-00036912-00037152 Okay so
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00141-00037153-00037439 many people understand and many people
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00142-00037440-00037709 don't understand that it is just the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00143-00037710-00038074 Israelis who no one else is approved on
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00144-00038075-00038651 the globe that that the Israeli Embassy
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00145-00038652-00038885 can go to Jerusalem no one else was in
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00146-00038886-00039130 agreement with that except Trump just
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00147-00039131-00039467 making it happen but the Europeans you
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00148-00039468-00039605 know all the other countries the Middle
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00149-00039606-00039929 Eastern countries they want to settle
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00150-00039930-00040223 the issue with Jerusalem and who it
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00151-00040224-00040367 belongs to or who it's going to be
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00152-00040368-00040649 shared by Etc before a move like that
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00153-00040650-00040840 can be made so in a sense it was almost
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00154-00040841-00041093 like a slap in the face also by Trump
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00155-00041094-00041417 doing this to other heads of Nations and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00156-00041418-00041752 many peoples I I wrote an article I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00157-00041753-00041980 wrote an article uh published in the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00158-00041981-00042257 American Herald Tribune
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00159-00042258-00042545 which talked about the Korea's
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00160-00042546-00042796 um the exact title of it
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00161-00042797-00042958 and your people can find everything
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00162-00042959-00043211 there Korea's unite denuclear's Middle
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00163-00043212-00043679 East next after a Global Financial reset
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00164-00043680-00043829 right now
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00165-00043830-00044039 my understanding from two different
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00166-00044040-00044273 sources is that the Rothschilds and the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00167-00044274-00044501 vaticans have accepted an exit strategy
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00168-00044502-00044873 the Shabbat supremacist cult has not
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00169-00044874-00045149 the zionists and their neoconservative
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00170-00045150-00045389 lap dogs in the United States are still
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00171-00045390-00045574 America's Worst Enemy
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00172-00045575-00045712 okay
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00173-00045713-00045923 it's not Russia it's not China it's not
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00174-00045924-00046162 Korea it's not Iran it's not Cuba for
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00175-00046163-00046474 crying out loud America's Worst Enemy is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00176-00046475-00046745 the zionists the zionists have subverted
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00177-00046746-00046949 the American economy they have subverted
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00178-00046950-00047111 the American government they have
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00179-00047112-00047393 subverted the American society and there
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00180-00047394-00047795 is no confusion in anyone's mind that I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00181-00047796-00048239 know of Zionist bad Jews good they're
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00182-00048240-00048389 not the same thing
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00183-00048390-00048665 right and that's what you know some
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00184-00048666-00048874 listeners they just blanket
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00185-00048875-00049015 um Israel
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00186-00049016-00049271 no it is not and by the way they're not
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00187-00049272-00049540 Semitic either the kazars
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00188-00049541-00049657 okay
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00189-00049658-00049912 they were never uprooted from Israel
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00190-00049913-00050146 that is all part of a massive Zionist
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00191-00050147-00050458 myth okay so good point so we're we're
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00192-00050459-00050680 making a big difference here between the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00193-00050681-00050993 Zionist and the Jews okay
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00194-00050994-00051275 um now you said just a moment ago Robert
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00195-00051276-00051623 uh that Trump is doing this you believe
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00196-00051624-00052000 to throw off to throw off the scent
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00197-00052001-00052373 to throw people off track now I can
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00198-00052374-00052600 guess what you mean by that what track
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00199-00052601-00052871 but can you embellish a little bit on
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00200-00052872-00053080 that comment I I'd be glad to and in
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00201-00053082-00053332 fact again I really emphasize I stand on
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00202-00053333-00053561 the shoulders of others I'm a guy that
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00203-00053562-00053915 reads and listens a lot uh I know there
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00204-00053916-00054076 are people out there that think I talk
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00205-00054077-00054311 too much or or whatever but you know
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00206-00054312-00054599 it's it's it's I am who I am you're a
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00207-00054600-00054850 walking encyclopedia well there's no one
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00208-00054851-00055157 else that's that's reviewed 2 500 books
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00209-00055158-00055432 in 98 categories have been a spy and and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00210-00055433-00055613 all these other wonderful things in my
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00211-00055614-00055979 life but we recently published at
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00212-00055979-00056165 Phi Beta iota
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00213-00056166-00056429 we've we've just published today a
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00214-00056429-00056663 source of fall thing from our our lead
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00215-00056664-00056963 European contributor Berto Youngman
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00216-00056964-00057175 and I encourage people to go to Phi
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00217-00057176-00057563 betiota.net and read that and also read
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00218-00057564-00057988 the three major links from yesterday
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00219-00057989-00058354 um which included Dave Janda with Greg
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00220-00058355-00058666 Hunter on the Iran nuclear deal I saw
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00221-00058667-00058961 that Michael Salah doing a very fine
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00222-00058962-00059207 job's channel in Q Anon and then
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00223-00059208-00059423 Benjamin fulford on Donald Trump's
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00224-00059424-00059644 secret Iran plan which is very very
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00225-00059645-00060047 clever let me boil it down to a nutshell
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00226-00060048-00060388 the Iranian program is not as real or as
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00227-00060389-00060611 dangerous as the Iran as the Israelis
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00228-00060612-00060821 would have us believe Benjamin Netanyahu
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00229-00060822-00061126 is a world-class serial liar he's also
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00230-00061127-00061432 criminal he should die in jail
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00231-00061433-00061637 um after being properly indicted and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00232-00061638-00061888 investigated and so forth
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00233-00061889-00062016 um
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00234-00062017-00062304 the Iranian deal
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00235-00062305-00062603 apparently came about in part because of
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00236-00062604-00062873 a multi-billion dollar bribe that Barack
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00237-00062874-00062975 Obama
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00238-00062976-00063359 paid in cash a good portion of which
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00239-00063360-00063635 stuck to the fingers of Barack Obama
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00240-00063636-00064025 Hillary Clinton Angela Merkel and two
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00241-00064026-00064241 French presidents including Macan who I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00242-00064241-00064432 expect to be indicted for treason very
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00243-00064433-00064625 soon in France I expect the French
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00244-00064626-00064949 president to be run out of office uh in
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00245-00064950-00065159 the very near future
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00246-00065160-00065392 um but the guy is by the way a Satanist
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00247-00065394-00065656 and any proper International tribunal
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00248-00065657-00065831 looking into pedophilia would have the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00249-00065832-00066100 president of France today right in its
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00250-00066101-00066394 sights okay well this is not uh this is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00251-00066395-00066544 this is a very
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00252-00066545-00066935 sick man from what I can see
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00253-00066936-00067175 so bottom line here is that what Trump
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00254-00067176-00067588 has done is he set the stage for a much
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00255-00067589-00067925 larger much much larger Middle Eastern
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00256-00067926-00068117 um peace deal now let me let me point
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00257-00068118-00068344 out that there are apart from the need
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00258-00068345-00068663 to denuclearize Israel and to terminate
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00259-00068664-00068891 all U.S financial support for Saudi
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00260-00068892-00069238 Arabia and Israel there are seven big
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00261-00069239-00069544 things that have to be discussed if we
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00262-00069545-00069737 are to achieve peace in the Middle East
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00263-00069738-00069994 number one is peace between the sunnis
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00264-00069995-00070241 and the Shiites now
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00265-00070242-00070559 this NSA dump that Trump did to the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00266-00070560-00070823 Saudis allowed the wahhabis allowed the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00267-00070824-00071026 Saudi rulers to clean out the princes
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00268-00071027-00071350 that were trading in guns drugs gold uh
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00269-00071351-00071585 cash and small children and it allowed
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00270-00071586-00071741 the Saudi leadership to put the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00271-00071742-00072041 wahhabias back in a small box now we
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00272-00072042-00072269 still have Yemen and Somalia those are
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00273-00072270-00072479 crimes against humanity they need to
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00274-00072480-00072737 stop so peace between the sunnis and the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00275-00072738-00073043 Shiites is is number one number two is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00276-00073044-00073271 the role of Jerusalem and perhaps Mecca
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00277-00073272-00073517 as International cities number three is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00278-00073518-00073756 the restoration of Palestine and let me
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00279-00073757-00074026 just say that never in history have we
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00280-00074027-00074237 had a book this good
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00281-00074238-00074782 this is the absolute Bible
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00282-00074783-00075047 on Zionist atrocities against the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00283-00075048-00075293 Palestinians this book documents the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00284-00075294-00075509 five big lies and the three big thefts
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00285-00075510-00075844 of Israel against the Palestinians this
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00286-00075845-00076043 book would stand up in a court of law
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00287-00076044-00076319 any court of law reading this book would
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00288-00076320-00076588 push the Israelis back into the sea okay
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00289-00076589-00076775 now I don't want to go that far I think
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00290-00076776-00076931 they should be allowed to keep Tel Aviv
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00291-00076932-00077117 in a small portion of the territory
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00292-00077118-00077411 around Tel Aviv but by and large I think
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00293-00077412-00077626 history is going to restore Palestine to
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00294-00077627-00077855 the Palestinians Gandhi has said it
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00295-00077856-00078131 before Palestine is to the Palestinians
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00296-00078132-00078359 is France is to the French it's over
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00297-00078360-00078685 Zionism is over the palestine's
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00298-00078686-00079019 Palestinians are coming home and this
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00299-00079020-00079309 whole Zionist myth is going away
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00300-00079310-00079594 number four and then five six and seven
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00301-00079595-00079853 number four is the Kurdish Confederacy
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00302-00079854-00080093 the zionists are arming the Kurds
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00303-00080094-00080344 they're inciting the courage to violence
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00304-00080345-00080561 against turkey violence against Iraq and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00305-00080562-00080776 violence against Iran that has to stop
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00306-00080777-00081059 but you have to recognize that the Kurds
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00307-00081060-00081269 are a nation they're not a state they're
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00308-00081270-00081449 living within the borders of three other
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00309-00081450-00081676 states but they are a nation they're
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00310-00081677-00082150 very vibrant serious uh in-depth uh
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00311-00082151-00082488 nation and that needs to be addressed
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00312-00082489-00082738 repatriation of all unemployed Muslims
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00313-00082739-00082918 from Europe back to Arabia and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00314-00082919-00083176 reparations for Iraq the Barcelona
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00315-00083177-00083393 agreements in the late 1990s were more
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00316-00083394-00083668 bribes for European leaders the day is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00317-00083669-00083812 going to come when the people of Europe
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00318-00083813-00083999 understand that all of their leaders
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00319-00084000-00084305 specifically including Angela Merkel and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00320-00084306-00084544 the prior president of France are
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00321-00084545-00084809 traitors to their own countries they
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00322-00084810-00084988 basically said to the Arab leaders yes
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00323-00084989-00085211 you give us a big enough Pride we will
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00324-00085212-00085499 take millions of unemployed Muslims and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00325-00085500-00085703 we'll be your safety net never mind what
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00326-00085704-00085979 that does to our ethnic Integrity to our
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00327-00085980-00086200 economic and social integrity and so
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00328-00086201-00086381 forth did you want to interrupt before I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00329-00086382-00086555 gave you the last two no you go ahead
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00330-00086556-00086741 with the last two I've got I've got some
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00331-00086742-00086975 stuff that I'll hold so okay and then
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00332-00086976-00087209 the next six is creation of a
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00333-00087210-00087467 post-western post fossil fuel economy
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00334-00087468-00087785 with unlimited desalinated water the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00335-00087786-00088018 Middle East is the perfect place for my
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00336-00088019-00088162 vision of Open Source everything
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00337-00088163-00088487 engineering to be applied starting in
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00338-00088488-00088771 Yemen and Somalia free solar energy
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00339-00088772-00089026 unlimited desalinated water free
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00340-00089027-00089273 internet everybody learns free one cell
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00341-00089274-00089518 phone at a time uh one so-call at a time
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00342-00089519-00089711 and and so that's that's it needs to be
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00343-00089712-00089944 the Middle East needs to be a Manhattan
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00344-00089945-00090167 project for energy and water lifting
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00345-00090168-00090437 people up from poverty and last creation
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00346-00090438-00090617 of an open source agency and network
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00347-00090618-00090888 ideally based in Istanbul a neutral area
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00348-00090889-00091253 uh which is to say anytime anybody
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00349-00091254-00091559 including Donald Trump tells a lie
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00350-00091560-00091793 the Middle Eastern open source agency
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00351-00091794-00091955 should be able to give the public
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00352-00091956-00092267 compelling evidence this was said it is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00353-00092268-00092585 a lie here is the truth
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00354-00092586-00092794 okay I've got a couple of miscellaneous
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00355-00092795-00093076 things one you said that you felt that
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00356-00093077-00093559 the global reset would happen before the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00357-00093560-00093923 denuclearization of many countries I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00358-00093924-00094144 think Israel look the bottom line is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00359-00094145-00094379 right now we can't denuclearize Israel
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00360-00094380-00094571 unless we first cut the balls off the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00361-00094572-00094672 Chabad Jews
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00362-00094673-00094865 [Laughter]
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00363-00094866-00095165 okay it's that simple who are who have
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00364-00095166-00095285 been in the past controlling the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00365-00095286-00095423 monetary system
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00366-00095424-00095644 well they they're they've shared control
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00367-00095645-00095926 of the monetary system they also control
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00368-00095927-00096173 Broward County Florida which is where
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00369-00096174-00096341 the Parkland school shooting was which
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00370-00096342-00096562 was a false flag
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00371-00096563-00096959 um so from what I can see is Donald
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00372-00096960-00097211 Trump again putting the most positive
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00373-00097212-00097505 light on it Donald Trump does appear to
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00374-00097506-00097709 be a master strategist and he does
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00375-00097710-00097931 appear to have come to an agreement with
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00376-00097932-00098165 General Secretary Xi Jinping and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00377-00098166-00098350 Vladimir Putin similar to the agreement
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00378-00098351-00098567 that Kennedy and Khrushchev had before
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00379-00098568-00098788 Kennedy was assassinated
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00380-00098789-00099118 what I'm trying to say is that the U.S
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00381-00099119-00099426 government the U.S media all of these
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00382-00099427-00099694 blabbering pundits including Fox News
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00383-00099695-00099862 don't have a clue
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00384-00099863-00100150 they don't understand that Donald Trump
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00385-00100151-00100474 is making decisions way up here
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00386-00100475-00100768 and he's going direct to his sources and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00387-00100769-00100949 people used to laugh at first about him
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00388-00100950-00101182 being on Twitter and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00389-00101183-00101356 um you automatically your knee-jerk
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00390-00101357-00101537 reaction is to laugh along with someone
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00391-00101538-00101712 but if you just take a moment and go
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00392-00101713-00102035 that's actually brilliant he's talking
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00393-00102036-00102232 directly to everyone he's not because
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00394-00102233-00102454 the mainstream and that is why I'm here
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00395-00102455-00102671 talking today with Robert Davis yes and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00396-00102672-00102821 no and one of the things we can talk
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00397-00102822-00103001 about is the truth Channel a couple of
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00398-00103002-00103151 billionaires have come to me and I'm
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00399-00103152-00103306 hoping to be able to build a truth
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00400-00103307-00103486 Channel because Twitter is a dishonest
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00401-00103488-00103810 company uh it has it has dropped Donald
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00402-00103811-00104027 Trump down first off Donald Trump should
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00403-00104028-00104278 be talking to 200 million Americans
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00404-00104279-00104608 directly not 47 million okay second
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00405-00104609-00104782 Donald Trump needs to learn how to use
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00406-00104783-00105058 polls my friend John McAfee is getting
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00407-00105059-00105323 uh 47 000 answers when he does a
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00408-00105324-00105515 four-part poll Donald Trump should be
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00409-00105516-00105701 doing that on everything
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00410-00105702-00105989 um but third and and most importantly we
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00411-00105990-00106163 want to create a truth channel in which
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00412-00106164-00106331 Donald Trump can not only send out
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00413-00106332-00106607 trumpets but he can have a presidential
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00414-00106608-00106828 dashboard where 200 million Americans
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00415-00106829-00107134 can come back in and the president can
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00416-00107135-00107428 see on One dashboard exactly what
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00417-00107429-00107578 they're thinking by congressional
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00418-00107579-00107849 district by demographic by policy issue
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00419-00107850-00108119 by timeline okay and I know how to do
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00420-00108120-00108365 that and I'm talking to McAfee and I'm
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00421-00108366-00108533 talking to the guy that owns bit shoot
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00422-00108533-00108736 and there's a whole bunch of good stuff
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00423-00108738-00108995 that's starting to happen uh and PayPal
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00424-00108996-00109210 may be Central to this
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00425-00109211-00109428 um PayPal is doing some extraordinary
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00426-00109429-00109721 interesting things to include it's about
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00427-00109722-00109943 to become a Clearinghouse for uh
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00428-00109944-00110195 cryptocurrency so that you can pay in
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00429-00110196-00110393 any cryptocurrency and PayPal will pay
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00430-00110394-00110734 the merchant in fiat currency okay I
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00431-00110735-00110884 don't have warm and fuzzy feelings about
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00432-00110885-00111136 PayPal but well I understand that and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00433-00111138-00111316 and what I have what I have told the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00434-00111317-00111502 people I'm dealing with is PayPal is
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00435-00111503-00111731 going to have to sign a really
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00436-00111732-00111947 comprehensive legal agreement that says
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00437-00111948-00112181 they will never do a Wikipedia
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00438-00112182-00112421 okay so
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00439-00112422-00112607 um by the way I'm sorry if PayPal does
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00440-00112608-00112823 not agree to that then open ID and some
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00441-00112824-00112973 other things will just migrate somewhere
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00442-00112974-00113254 else we don't need PayPal but I'm trying
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00443-00113255-00113675 to be effective in 2018 therefore it's
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00444-00113676-00113999 better if we are able to use existing
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00445-00114000-00114425 capabilities okay so before we go on to
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00446-00114426-00114671 I want to talk about the Iran the old
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00447-00114672-00114928 Iran deal and
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00448-00114929-00115204 um the uh what's happening right now but
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00449-00115205-00115475 what I before we move on to that just to
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00450-00115476-00115673 finish off with what's currently
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00451-00115674-00116081 happening in at the Gaza Strip or the
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00452-00116082-00116393 Gaza border I'd like to play really
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00453-00116394-00116519 quick so I'm going to do a little
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00454-00116520-00116813 technical thing here share screen uh
+nrvcnTMxQTM-00455-00116814-00117116 just a little clip
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00000-00000200-00000455 hello friends uh welcome to bb's twice
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00001-00000456-00000678 uh welcome to yet another panel at b
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00002-00000679-00000862 waste wise and today we're going to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00003-00000863-00000983 discuss
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00004-00000984-00001223 lifestyles post-covered um with
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00005-00001224-00001470 perspectives from australia and uk
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00006-00001471-00001687 i we understand that in a good part of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00007-00001688-00001814 the world the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00008-00001816-00001975 cities and the countries are still
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00009-00001976-00002191 dealing with kovit but the purpose of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00010-00002192-00002518 this discussion is uh is the fact that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00011-00002519-00002655 covet has really shown
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00012-00002656-00002887 how we could all change and adapt our
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00013-00002888-00003007 routines
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00014-00003008-00003191 at the face of a challenge so the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00015-00003192-00003359 conversation today is going to revolve
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00016-00003360-00003406 around
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00017-00003407-00003679 whether these changes could uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00018-00003679-00003838 essentially be made into long-term
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00019-00003839-00003911 behaviors
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00020-00003911-00004143 for effective change uh to support our
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00021-00004144-00004295 environment by and large
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00022-00004296-00004527 and before i introduce our panelists let
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00023-00004528-00004695 me quickly tell you about who we are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00024-00004696-00004943 based wise is a non-profit organization
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00025-00004944-00005070 we address the need for knowledge
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00026-00005071-00005279 dissemination and waste management
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00027-00005280-00005447 we provide access to educational
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00028-00005448-00005702 resources direct access to experts
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00029-00005703-00005959 and networking all of which drives
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00030-00005960-00006151 towards building momentum around the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00031-00006152-00006318 global challenge of place
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00032-00006319-00006534 currently we've been organizing two
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00033-00006536-00006678 webinars a month
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00034-00006679-00006839 on different facets from different
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00035-00006840-00006967 aspects of waste management and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00036-00006968-00007103 sustainability
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00037-00007104-00007319 today we have sarah ottaway who's a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00038-00007320-00007503 sustainability and social value lead at
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00039-00007504-00007742 sewage recycling and recovery uk
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00040-00007743-00007959 uh sarah has been a panelist on one of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00041-00007959-00008055 our earlier
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00042-00008056-00008287 webinars which adam had moderated you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00043-00008288-00008446 could go to the video panel section and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00044-00008447-00008607 you will be able to see it there
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00045-00008608-00008774 and sarah is going to talk to rebecca
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00046-00008775-00008959 prince ruiz who's the executive director
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00047-00008960-00009135 at classic free foundation
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00048-00009136-00009439 and johan co-founder of geeky zero
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00049-00009440-00009655 and just a reminder to you all we did
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00050-00009656-00009799 receive your questions with your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00051-00009800-00009903 registrations
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00052-00009904-00010135 however there is a q a section please
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00053-00010136-00010310 put in your questions there
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00054-00010311-00010510 sarah will have a look at the questions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00055-00010511-00010687 and she will ensure that they are posed
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00056-00010688-00010823 to the panelists
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00057-00010824-00011127 so over to you sarah thank you selesa
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00058-00011128-00011295 good morning and thank you all so much
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00059-00011296-00011431 for joining us at this truly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00060-00011432-00011591 international webinar it's really a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00061-00011592-00011791 pleasure to be to be chairing today
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00062-00011792-00012046 and as uh as we're saying i'm going to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00063-00012047-00012206 be your chair for the next hour
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00064-00012207-00012438 as we discuss how quickly we've been
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00065-00012439-00012527 able to change
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00066-00012528-00012774 our lifestyles in the wake of covid and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00067-00012775-00012830 uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00068-00012831-00012991 and why that's not happening when it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00069-00012991-00013143 comes to the climate and the ecological
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00070-00013144-00013319 crisis that we find ourselves in and the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00071-00013319-00013479 challenges when it comes to waste
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00072-00013480-00013647 obviously in particular
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00073-00013647-00013855 um and we're going to be discussing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00074-00013856-00013983 whether those changes are going to be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00075-00013984-00014151 for the better or for the worse and what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00076-00014152-00014319 opportunities there are for us to come
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00077-00014319-00014422 together
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00078-00014423-00014599 at a global scale to create a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00079-00014600-00014758 sustainable future so hopefully
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00080-00014759-00014958 we can leave with a feeling of optimism
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00081-00014959-00015086 after the next
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00082-00015087-00015391 60 minutes um as sweater said we are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00083-00015391-00015494 joined by two
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00084-00015495-00015719 absolute giants of this sector and it is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00085-00015719-00015879 really an honor to be sharing the screen
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00086-00015880-00015983 with both of them
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00087-00015984-00016166 and and with sweater as well at the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00088-00016168-00016335 reigns and making sure that everything
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00089-00016336-00016486 goes smoothly today so thank you guys so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00090-00016487-00016622 much for joining us
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00091-00016623-00016775 um a quick little bit of housekeeping
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00092-00016776-00016991 before we get going and obviously we've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00093-00016992-00017127 got the q a box so as
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00094-00017128-00017271 i said put your questions in there
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00095-00017272-00017463 because the majority of today's session
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00096-00017464-00017622 is about that discussion and really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00097-00017623-00017783 getting into the detail
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00098-00017784-00018007 and there is the chat box as well so if
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00099-00018008-00018127 you've got comments if you've got
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00100-00018128-00018311 thoughts on what we're talking about add
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00101-00018312-00018479 them in because we can feed those into
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00102-00018480-00018558 the discussion
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00103-00018559-00018822 too and we are recording today's session
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00104-00018823-00018943 at the same time and obviously
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00105-00018944-00019094 i will tell you more details about how
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00106-00019095-00019311 you can catch up if you have any
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00107-00019312-00019463 technical issues or if the kids start
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00108-00019464-00019599 screaming in the background or anything
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00109-00019600-00019671 like that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00110-00019672-00019871 at the same time um so just give you an
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00111-00019872-00020022 idea of the format i'm going to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00112-00020023-00020207 pass over to both of our wonderful
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00113-00020208-00020430 panelists um individually they're going
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00114-00020431-00020463 to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00115-00020464-00020655 share their perspectives on this topic
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00116-00020656-00020767 and a little bit more about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00117-00020768-00020950 who they are and where they come from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00118-00020951-00021127 and then the majority of our session
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00119-00021128-00021247 will be about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00120-00021248-00021486 those questions and getting into those
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00121-00021487-00021663 real details
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00122-00021664-00021847 i'm also not going to let you just sit
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00123-00021848-00021999 there and just listen to what we're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00124-00022000-00022175 saying we also want you to respond to us
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00125-00022176-00022222 as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00126-00022223-00022399 so we're going to be scattering some
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00127-00022400-00022599 poll questions uh into the mix
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00128-00022600-00022807 for you to respond to us as well and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00129-00022808-00022943 we're going to put the first one up as a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00130-00022944-00023263 bit of a warm up to get you going
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00131-00023264-00023407 so it's whatever you do the honors
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00132-00023408-00023727 please
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00133-00023728-00023871 so here we go let's say nice and easy
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00134-00023872-00024039 one to warm you up uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00135-00024040-00024303 has covered 19 encouraged or hasn't even
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00136-00024304-00024391 forced
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00137-00024392-00024622 people to adopt more sustainable
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00138-00024623-00024703 behaviors
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00139-00024704-00024983 from your perspective and do let us know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00140-00024984-00025142 simple yes or no
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00141-00025143-00025486 um let's see how we get on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00142-00025487-00025614 we'll just give you a few moments in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00143-00025616-00025774 case so you need to put your copper down
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00144-00025775-00025806 and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00145-00025807-00026150 uh and click on the button
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00146-00026151-00026479 so um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00147-00026480-00026670 i wonder what the uh the response will
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00148-00026672-00026839 be on this where everyone's opinions are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00149-00026839-00026967 it could be quite straightforward it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00150-00026968-00027183 might not be let's let's have a look so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00151-00027183-00027390 shall we close that one and so it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00152-00027391-00027607 simple yes on it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00153-00027608-00027839 let's have a look oh interesting
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00154-00027839-00027935 response
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00155-00027936-00028239 so i'm gonna so we've got a two-thirds
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00156-00028239-00028374 yes and a third no
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00157-00028375-00028767 so joe um just to bring you in on this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00158-00028768-00028807 one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00159-00028808-00029055 so so we've got a third of people saying
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00160-00029056-00029135 that it hasn't
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00161-00029136-00029287 encouraged sustainable behaviors what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00162-00029288-00029502 what's your take on that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00163-00029504-00029758 i'm sure it depends on your own personal
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00164-00029760-00030007 situation and where you are in the world
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00165-00030008-00030302 we did some research around behavior
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00166-00030303-00030383 change and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00167-00030383-00030567 the impact on sustainable behaviors
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00168-00030568-00030711 actually during
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00169-00030712-00031055 proper deep lockdown in april may
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00170-00031056-00031367 and the figures uh were they were they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00171-00031368-00031414 were
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00172-00031416-00031623 a little bit higher in terms of people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00173-00031624-00031790 feeling that they they'd made more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00174-00031791-00031951 behavior changes
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00175-00031952-00032151 um but there certainly were some people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00176-00032152-00032270 who came back with with
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00177-00032272-00032455 you know saying no it hadn't and i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00178-00032456-00032583 it totally depends
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00179-00032583-00032846 on your own personal situation really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00180-00032847-00032943 you know if you're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00181-00032944-00033199 if you're a frontline worker at the nhs
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00182-00033200-00033399 or you know healthcare or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00183-00033400-00033607 some of the the professions that carried
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00184-00033608-00033774 on life probably didn't change as
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00185-00033775-00033911 dramatically as it might have done for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00186-00033912-00034055 other people so i think it just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00187-00034056-00034199 totally depends on your personal
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00188-00034200-00034359 situations i think that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00189-00034360-00034543 that is probably a true reflection of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00190-00034544-00034671 the fact that we all
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00191-00034672-00034807 live through lockdown in slightly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00192-00034808-00035031 different ways
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00193-00035032-00035207 yeah that's a really interesting point
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00194-00035208-00035399 thank you so um just to move on from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00195-00035400-00035543 that so what we'd really like to know as
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00196-00035544-00035679 well throughout this so use a chat
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00197-00035680-00035815 function for this one is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00198-00035816-00035990 what what how have you changed your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00199-00035991-00036174 behaviors over the last kind of six to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00200-00036175-00036318 eight months depending on how covers
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00201-00036319-00036430 affected where you are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00202-00036431-00036583 has your have you seen you have you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00203-00036584-00036759 taken any uh more sustainable behaviors
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00204-00036760-00036855 have you seen how
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00205-00036856-00037023 yours have changed in any way shape or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00206-00037024-00037223 form do let us know we'll have a look at
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00207-00037224-00037383 uh what the popular ones are what the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00208-00037384-00037543 most common ones are more than unusual
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00209-00037544-00037639 it'd be great to know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00210-00037640-00037774 uh share it with us on the chat function
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00211-00037775-00037935 we'll chat about those as we go through
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00212-00037936-00038087 today's session
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00213-00038088-00038271 so without further ado i'm going to pass
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00214-00038272-00038439 over to the first of our panelists i'm
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00215-00038440-00038471 going to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00216-00038472-00038767 hand back to joe to give you a bit more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00217-00038768-00038927 insight into the world of geeky and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00218-00038928-00039159 covid from the uk perspective joe
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00219-00039160-00039471 over to you oh thank you very much so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00220-00039472-00039607 i'm just going to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00221-00039608-00039990 share a few images
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00222-00039991-00040351 um and what i wanted to do was to first
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00223-00040352-00040487 talk to you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00224-00040488-00040783 briefly about geeky so that you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00225-00040784-00040935 where we're coming from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00226-00040936-00041239 and also about the impact that we felt
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00227-00041240-00041383 that kovit had
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00228-00041384-00041727 um in in our world so i'm just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00229-00041728-00041990 uh sharing there we go um so geeky
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00230-00041991-00042271 stands for get informed know your impact
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00231-00042272-00042518 and we set it up in 2017 i set up with
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00232-00042519-00042590 my husband
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00233-00042591-00042871 james because we wanted to help people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00234-00042872-00042951 understand
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00235-00042952-00043095 the environmental impacts of our
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00236-00043096-00043367 day-to-day life and make changes where
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00237-00043368-00043607 they where they wanted to to align their
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00238-00043608-00043799 concerns about the environment with
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00239-00043800-00044007 their behaviors
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00240-00044008-00044383 so clearly most people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00241-00044384-00044558 in the world want to do the right thing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00242-00044559-00044758 in terms of the environment
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00243-00044759-00044951 but what we find increasingly is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00244-00044952-00045055 actually people don't really know what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00245-00045056-00045143 that looks like
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00246-00045144-00045423 you know should i stop using plastic
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00247-00045424-00045551 straws or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00248-00045552-00045855 should i recycle should i buy food
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00249-00045856-00046055 wrapped in plastic packaging that has
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00250-00046056-00046167 been grown locally
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00251-00046168-00046390 or should i buy food that's been air
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00252-00046391-00046527 freighted in that isn't wrapped in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00253-00046528-00046671 plastic there are so many kind of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00254-00046672-00046799 dilemmas
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00255-00046800-00047071 so but inherent in actually the way that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00256-00047072-00047151 we live today
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00257-00047152-00047295 we do all have an environmental
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00258-00047296-00047471 footprint and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00259-00047472-00047702 what i wanted to just show you is a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00260-00047703-00047935 graph that shows what we need to do in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00261-00047936-00048071 terms of behavior change around
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00262-00048072-00048230 sustainability so these are carbon
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00263-00048231-00048335 emissions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00264-00048336-00048551 over the last couple of hundred years
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00265-00048552-00048743 since the industrial revolution where we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00266-00048744-00048862 are today globally
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00267-00048863-00049151 and where we need to get to by 2030. so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00268-00049152-00049327 this is the global picture and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00269-00049328-00049599 policy business change is going to play
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00270-00049600-00049783 a massive part in delivering this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00271-00049784-00049983 but also we as individuals and this is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00272-00049984-00050271 where the behavior change point comes in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00273-00050272-00050486 also have a huge role to play both in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00274-00050487-00050599 terms of what we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00275-00050600-00050790 the choices that we make but also the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00276-00050791-00050911 mandate that we give
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00277-00050912-00051270 to business and political leaders
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00278-00051271-00051479 so this is what things look like from a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00279-00051479-00051687 personal perspective and all and this is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00280-00051688-00051863 i know this is quite a complicated graph
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00281-00051864-00052054 to read and you don't need to read it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00282-00052055-00052182 but it shows
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00283-00052183-00052454 how you can get from a standard uk
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00284-00052455-00052638 carbon footprint which is about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00285-00052639-00053015 nine tons per year down to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00286-00053016-00053430 a positive or net net zero down to here
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00287-00053432-00053726 by changing lots of different things in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00288-00053727-00053799 our lives
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00289-00053800-00054038 and i think what covid's shown us really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00290-00054039-00054126 clearly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00291-00054127-00054430 is that change is possible and can
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00292-00054432-00054638 happen actually quite quickly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00293-00054639-00054959 um albeit driven by policy but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00294-00054960-00055175 we see that actually people when they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00295-00055176-00055326 get the right information
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00296-00055327-00055519 in the right tone and at the right time
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00297-00055520-00055654 that they do want to change and it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00298-00055655-00055830 doesn't necessarily need to be driven
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00299-00055832-00055863 like
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00300-00055864-00056111 by policy as it has been um through
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00301-00056112-00056199 covid so that's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00302-00056200-00056350 what we're trying to do with geeky zero
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00303-00056351-00056630 and it's got two key components
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00304-00056632-00056903 now geeky zero we launched in may in the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00305-00056904-00057030 midst of lockdown
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00306-00057032-00057215 and i have to say it was a challenging
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00307-00057216-00057391 time because i had two
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00308-00057391-00057575 young kids at home who we were
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00309-00057576-00057823 homeschooling at the same time and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00310-00057824-00057991 that they didn't particularly take to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00311-00057991-00058175 lock down as most kids didn't
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00312-00058176-00058447 and um we thought we can't wait you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00313-00058448-00058575 we've built we've been building this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00314-00058576-00058671 tour for the last
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00315-00058672-00058887 year we've been testing it for the last
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00316-00058888-00059047 you know eight months
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00317-00059048-00059335 um we've only got 10 years to get on top
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00318-00059336-00059494 of this problem we've just got to get it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00319-00059495-00059630 out there
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00320-00059632-00059894 and we actually so we did launch in may
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00321-00059895-00060071 and actually what was really heartening
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00322-00060072-00060191 is that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00323-00060191-00060454 the focus on sustainability and people's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00324-00060455-00060687 interest in wanting to better understand
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00325-00060688-00060854 their environmental impacts
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00326-00060855-00061038 didn't feel as if it had reduced as a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00327-00061039-00061230 result of covert and in fact in many
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00328-00061232-00061487 ways it had increased
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00329-00061488-00061663 so what we do with geeky zero is help
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00330-00061664-00061806 people understand what their carbon
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00331-00061807-00061966 footprint is across
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00332-00061967-00062175 every aspect of their lifestyle so here
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00333-00062176-00062487 we can see your diet but we cover home
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00334-00062488-00062847 um transport goods and services
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00335-00062848-00063047 and then what you can actually do about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00336-00063048-00063199 it so we've got over 120
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00337-00063200-00063375 steps in there that you can pick from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00338-00063376-00063591 which you can choose um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00339-00063591-00063759 across you know whether or not it's easy
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00340-00063760-00063959 or difficult to do and also whether or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00341-00063960-00063999 not
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00342-00064000-00064279 what the impact is on the planet and we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00343-00064279-00064342 were
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00344-00064344-00064591 inspired to continue with our original
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00345-00064591-00064766 plan to release during
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00346-00064767-00064999 during lockdown because we did some
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00347-00065000-00065150 research in the uk
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00348-00065151-00065454 um talking to adults across
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00349-00065455-00065782 the social and geographical demographic
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00350-00065783-00065959 asking whether or not they become more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00351-00065960-00066103 aware of their carbon footprint and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00352-00066104-00066255 their environmental impact during
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00353-00066256-00066343 lockdown
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00354-00066344-00066511 and what was really interesting was that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00355-00066512-00066711 over half actually had done
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00356-00066712-00066950 and i think there were lots of pictures
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00357-00066951-00067175 going around of you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00358-00067176-00067343 the wonders of nature that was coming
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00359-00067344-00067494 back to life as a result of the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00360-00067495-00067638 reduction in pollution
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00361-00067639-00068006 and and much quite you know quieter
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00362-00068007-00068271 um environment for wildlife to flourish
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00363-00068272-00068335 it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00364-00068336-00068526 and you have seen these stories all over
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00365-00068527-00068679 the world i remember seeing pictures of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00366-00068680-00068879 dolphins swimming in the canals in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00367-00068880-00069111 in florence and i think people really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00368-00069112-00069311 began to appreciate the natural world in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00369-00069312-00069391 a way that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00370-00069392-00069559 maybe they hadn't been able to or had
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00371-00069560-00069735 time to before
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00372-00069736-00070038 and we also found that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00373-00070039-00070375 nearly 50 41 had adopted new
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00374-00070376-00070647 steps that were more environmentally
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00375-00070648-00070847 friendly during lockdown
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00376-00070848-00071071 and that actually many of them wanted to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00377-00071072-00071247 continue with them and i think that was
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00378-00071248-00071438 really promising as well and quite a lot
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00379-00071439-00071615 of these were around
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00380-00071616-00071926 plastic because i think that's an area
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00381-00071927-00072079 that people have been
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00382-00072080-00072326 really strongly focused on because you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00383-00072327-00072406 can see it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00384-00072407-00072623 and you can see the impacts of it so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00385-00072624-00072838 clearly on on nature and on particularly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00386-00072839-00072950 on the oceans
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00387-00072951-00073255 so things like recycling more um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00388-00073256-00073494 avoiding uh products with with heavy
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00389-00073495-00073767 plastic packaging with steps that people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00390-00073768-00074031 um cited as being things things that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00391-00074032-00074126 they'd started doing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00392-00074127-00074279 during knockdown that they wanted to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00393-00074280-00074479 continue doing so i think what it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00394-00074480-00074550 shown us
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00395-00074551-00074879 is that if we can keep this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00396-00074880-00075111 interest in the preservation of nature
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00397-00075112-00075215 alive that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00398-00075216-00075511 that was awakened during lockdown then
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00399-00075512-00075575 um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00400-00075576-00075838 hopefully behavior will to continue to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00401-00075839-00076015 change and there is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00402-00076016-00076199 scope to do everything that we need to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00403-00076200-00076406 do to um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00404-00076407-00076615 to reduce the carbon emissions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00405-00076616-00076806 dramatically in the next 10 years that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00406-00076807-00076943 we need to do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00407-00076944-00077423 so i'm going to pause there and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00408-00077424-00077838 we i believe are going to hear from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00409-00077839-00078079 rebecca next and then i'm looking
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00410-00078080-00078271 forward to discussing the findings of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00411-00078272-00078438 research in more detail
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00412-00078439-00079015 as we discuss later on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00413-00079016-00079199 fantastic thank you joe and also if
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00414-00079200-00079335 you've got any questions about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00415-00079336-00079591 joe's um about joe's research has just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00416-00079592-00079703 been talking about please do send them
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00417-00079704-00079855 through i've got them piling up here but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00418-00079856-00079991 i'm going to save them for the question
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00419-00079992-00080111 and answer session
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00420-00080112-00080303 and i'm going to throw the floor
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00421-00080304-00080479 straight open over to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00422-00080480-00080887 rebecca to bring in the plastic free
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00423-00080888-00081062 and australian perspective on covered
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00424-00081063-00081311 rebecca over to you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00425-00081312-00081671 thank you um so 2020
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00426-00081672-00081926 was not the year that many of us were
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00427-00081927-00082015 expecting
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00428-00082016-00082382 it was the 10th year of plastic
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00429-00082383-00082735 free july and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00430-00082736-00082943 uh from a personal level i think i've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00431-00082944-00083062 learned a lot
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00432-00083063-00083431 about about like you know it's already
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00433-00083432-00083518 been said that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00434-00083519-00083759 there you know we saw that people could
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00435-00083760-00083943 make change
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00436-00083944-00084206 very quickly and importantly for the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00437-00084207-00084350 right reason
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00438-00084351-00084687 and so we did actually have a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00439-00084688-00084799 conversation
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00440-00084800-00085079 in with the end of march like should we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00441-00085080-00085206 go ahead obviously
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00442-00085207-00085550 human health was paramount and people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00443-00085551-00085638 were under
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00444-00085639-00085903 so many different pressures from from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00445-00085904-00085959 the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00446-00085960-00086223 health issue to you know the challenges
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00447-00086224-00086471 of living in lockdown with families and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00448-00086472-00086750 and um job losses and financial
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00449-00086751-00086862 pressures
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00450-00086863-00087191 and we work very closely
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00451-00087192-00087487 with a behavioral scientist so we got
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00452-00087488-00087550 together
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00453-00087551-00087775 in may and i called him up and just said
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00454-00087776-00087911 colin you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00455-00087912-00088191 what should we do should we not do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00456-00088192-00088350 should we cancel plastic free july
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00457-00088351-00088471 should we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00458-00088472-00088806 um make it plastic-free september and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00459-00088807-00089126 at that stage you know he commented on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00460-00089127-00089311 like the interesting trend that was
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00461-00089312-00089382 emerging
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00462-00089383-00089687 of people baking more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00463-00089688-00090031 making things from scratch um here in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00464-00090032-00090206 australia and i know in other parts of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00465-00090207-00090399 the world there was shortages of things
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00466-00090400-00090550 like flower or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00467-00090551-00090718 running out of seedlings people starting
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00468-00090719-00090991 to plant stuff in the garden and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00469-00090992-00091255 you know how he explained it to me is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00470-00091256-00091455 like in this time where so many things
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00471-00091456-00091655 are out of our control
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00472-00091656-00091999 actually taking back control
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00473-00092000-00092343 and doing something positive
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00474-00092344-00092703 was really important to people and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00475-00092704-00092974 so the feedback that we started to get
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00476-00092975-00093206 as we started to talk to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00477-00093207-00093455 people and businesses and local
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00478-00093456-00093623 governments and corporates around the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00479-00093624-00093671 world
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00480-00093672-00093926 you know many of whom were in lockdown
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00481-00093927-00094118 or working from home
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00482-00094119-00094271 the feedback that we really got from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00483-00094272-00094438 people was
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00484-00094439-00094750 actually one of the positives of this is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00485-00094751-00094991 it gives us time to start to look at
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00486-00094992-00095238 some of our habits and choices
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00487-00095239-00095599 and behaviors to try new things um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00488-00095600-00095838 to spend that time figuring out how i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00489-00095839-00096071 sought my recycling properly or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00490-00096072-00096238 how i might make something from scratch
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00491-00096239-00096462 to reduce my packaging
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00492-00096463-00096774 etc um or try some alternative products
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00493-00096775-00096894 in the bathroom
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00494-00096895-00097055 um there were just so many things that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00495-00097056-00097287 people wanted to do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00496-00097288-00097638 and and make a difference so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00497-00097639-00097974 um we've just um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00498-00097975-00098206 in the process of reporting on the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00499-00098207-00098447 impacts of plastic free july
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00500-00098448-00098823 2020 and this is a campaign that from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00501-00098824-00099094 not sure how many of the people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00502-00099095-00099167 listening
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00503-00099168-00099367 this afternoon or this morning depending
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00504-00099368-00099535 where you are in the world
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00505-00099536-00099726 have heard of plastic three july or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00506-00099727-00100006 participated in it before but it's a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00507-00100007-00100311 it's a campaign to encourage people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00508-00100312-00100550 and help and support people to reduce
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00509-00100551-00100623 and refuse
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00510-00100624-00100982 single-use plastics and it's not about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00511-00100983-00101199 swapping out single-use plastics
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00512-00101200-00101406 for single-use other materials it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00513-00101407-00101623 really about waste avoidance
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00514-00101624-00102062 and it's a campaign which has grown
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00515-00102063-00102359 from a personal challenge to a global
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00516-00102360-00102510 campaign
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00517-00102511-00102942 and it's about not just a few people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00518-00102943-00103199 or you've converted doing everything
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00519-00103200-00103390 it's not about being able to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00520-00103391-00103639 fit your years worth of landfill waste
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00521-00103640-00103863 in a mason jar
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00522-00103864-00104086 i'm certainly it's great that people can
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00523-00104088-00104230 do that i'm certainly not
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00524-00104231-00104534 not one of those myself yet but this is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00525-00104535-00104758 about getting a lot of people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00526-00104759-00105166 making small changes at the same time
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00527-00105167-00105286 and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00528-00105288-00105607 what our research has shown
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00529-00105608-00105823 is that when when that happens and lots
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00530-00105824-00106086 of people make small changes and just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00531-00106088-00106423 reduce their waste by 5 which is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00532-00106424-00106686 which is what we have found that people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00533-00106688-00106983 participating in plastic free july does
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00534-00106983-00107278 then that starts to add up to a really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00535-00107279-00107543 big impact and i think kind of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00536-00107544-00107686 you know that's what we've seen in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00537-00107688-00107878 covert as well when we all do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00538-00107879-00108190 the right thing it doesn't take much to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00539-00108191-00108415 shift and get a big impact
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00540-00108416-00108743 and i think that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00541-00108744-00108871 you know it's easy to think of what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00542-00108872-00109063 difference can one person make
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00543-00109064-00109407 but individual behavior
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00544-00109408-00109799 change at that at scale
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00545-00109800-00110143 leads to a cumulative impact
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00546-00110144-00110454 and then you know when we as a cult when
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00547-00110455-00110623 we start to change culture and we get
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00548-00110624-00110734 these five percent
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00549-00110735-00110999 shift you know when we all start to pick
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00550-00111000-00111151 off those things in that graph
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00551-00111152-00111495 that joe was showing then we start to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00552-00111496-00111758 change our culture we put pressure on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00553-00111759-00111975 business and government and that then
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00554-00111976-00112351 leads to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00555-00112352-00112686 that then leads to system change and so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00556-00112688-00113039 i'm just going to um just going to share
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00557-00113040-00113286 with you if i can figure out my
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00558-00113288-00113623 right screen here um some of our results
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00559-00113624-00113654 from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00560-00113655-00114086 plastic free july 2021 and i can't
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00561-00114088-00114263 immediately see the right
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00562-00114264-00114727 screen um i might just have to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00563-00114728-00115054 just go into this um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00564-00115055-00115447 so um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00565-00115448-00115647 sorry i've got my own image over the top
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00566-00115648-00115831 of it okay so the kind of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00567-00115832-00116007 the kind of quantums and the numbers
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00568-00116008-00116231 that we're talking about when
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00569-00116232-00116519 um so this campaign back when we i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00570-00116520-00116575 started
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00571-00116576-00116863 in 2011 there were 40 of us
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00572-00116864-00117015 participating and it's really a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00573-00117016-00117199 grassroots campaign we don't have a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00574-00117200-00117383 media budget it's grown
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00575-00117383-00117710 through word of mouth and our estimates
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00576-00117711-00118054 are that this year 326 million
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00577-00118055-00118390 people around the world took part
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00578-00118391-00118695 and together avoided 940 million
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00579-00118696-00118902 kilos you can keep my math isn't good
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00580-00118903-00119102 enough to just convert that into
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00581-00119103-00119310 pounds off the top of my head but we're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00582-00119311-00119439 starting to get
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00583-00119440-00119751 massive waste avoidance happening
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00584-00119752-00120119 and what happens we also measure um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00585-00120120-00120431 through our general population surveys
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00586-00120432-00120663 policy uh people's support for policy
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00587-00120664-00120790 change this is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00588-00120791-00121014 going beyond the individual behavior
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00589-00121015-00121166 change to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00590-00121167-00121478 um asking questions about you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00591-00121479-00121566 should
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00592-00121567-00121795 uh producers and manufacturers take
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00593-00121796-00122054 responsibility for their packaging
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00594-00122055-00122375 should um producers be required to use
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00595-00122376-00122607 recycled content
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00596-00122608-00122934 and it was really surprising so we had
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00597-00122935-00123207 92 percent of the general public
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00598-00123208-00123463 saying they supported those actions and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00599-00123464-00123631 that was up from 80 percent
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00600-00123632-00123999 last year so despite the challenges and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00601-00124000-00124247 despite uh through our research 66 of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00602-00124248-00124351 people said
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00603-00124352-00124614 it was more of a challenge this year to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00604-00124615-00124814 reduce their plastic waste
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00605-00124815-00124990 but they still manage they couldn't do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00606-00124991-00125158 everything they maybe couldn't
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00607-00125159-00125375 you know use their reusable shopping bag
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00608-00125376-00125486 or uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00609-00125488-00125710 take a reusable coffee cup but there was
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00610-00125711-00125854 still other things that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00611-00125855-00126239 um people could do and this is just a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00612-00126240-00126558 lovely spread of images from our
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00613-00126559-00126886 uh annual impact statement showing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00614-00126888-00127031 plastic free july
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00615-00127032-00127334 around the globe and whether it's an
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00616-00127335-00127534 elephant park in laos that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00617-00127535-00127902 shifted to reusable water bottles and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00618-00127903-00128151 used things like bamboo leaves for not
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00619-00128152-00128302 bamboo leaves um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00620-00128303-00128663 banana leaves for their plates to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00621-00128664-00128999 aged care homes in new zealand that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00622-00129000-00129351 went to stopping using single serve
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00623-00129352-00129702 plastic packaging to sports centres in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00624-00129703-00129783 australia
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00625-00129783-00130054 putting in water bottle refills when
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00626-00130055-00130151 they reopen
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00627-00130152-00130527 to hotels switching from liquid soap to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00628-00130528-00130623 bar so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00629-00130624-00130919 to people growing their own food there's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00630-00130920-00131119 just so many things that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00631-00131120-00131495 people can do and i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00632-00131496-00131814 that the more at a global level
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00633-00131815-00132159 we start to have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00634-00132160-00132478 conversations and share we all know the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00635-00132479-00132647 problem as joe
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00636-00132648-00132839 earlier said we know what the problems
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00637-00132840-00133047 are we know the challenge
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00638-00133048-00133375 is that are ahead of us we've got a lot
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00639-00133376-00133471 of work to do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00640-00133472-00133783 and the more we focus on solutions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00641-00133784-00134127 and support each other um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00642-00134128-00134335 the more of an impact that we're gonna
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00643-00134336-00134495 have so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00644-00134496-00134702 that's the a bit of the plastic free
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00645-00134703-00134839 july
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00646-00134840-00135166 um story and i'm too
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00647-00135167-00135359 looking forward to the discussion and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00648-00135360-00135639 hearing what people's questions are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00649-00135640-00136054 and how we can do better
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00650-00136055-00136239 fantastic thank you so much rebecca that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00651-00136240-00136383 was really interesting
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00652-00136384-00136614 um so we've had a few questions come in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00653-00136615-00136766 so joe i'm going to come straight over
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00654-00136767-00136847 to you just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00655-00136848-00137078 uh as immediate responses to your guys
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00656-00137079-00137263 um to your guys presentations and your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00657-00137264-00137399 your chat so far
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00658-00137400-00137639 and was what's the biggest change that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00659-00137640-00137799 you saw through the research
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00660-00137800-00137943 in terms of the the behaviors that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00661-00137944-00138183 people reported that they had
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00662-00138184-00138375 individually changed and it does that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00663-00138376-00138519 match up to what you're seeing through
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00664-00138520-00138751 the changes made through geeky zero
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00665-00138752-00139031 well that's interesting so the biggest
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00666-00139032-00139231 change was recycling more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00667-00139232-00139390 about a third of people said that they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00668-00139391-00139566 were recycling more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00669-00139567-00139878 um at the same level was using bags for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00670-00139879-00140063 life
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00671-00140064-00140239 and also trying to conserve electricity
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00672-00140240-00140375 so turning off the lights
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00673-00140376-00140678 you know turning off your um appliances
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00674-00140679-00140902 and then they were followed by things
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00675-00140903-00140990 like uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00676-00140991-00141271 taking walks locally rather than um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00677-00141272-00141478 driving for exercise
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00678-00141479-00141631 uh which may have been more you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00679-00141632-00141799 that was definitely more of a product of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00680-00141800-00141878 the rules
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00681-00141879-00142031 as to what you had to do but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00682-00142032-00142254 interestingly people i think then
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00683-00142255-00142375 discovered
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00684-00142376-00142535 the wonders of their local area that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00685-00142536-00142702 maybe they hadn't always been aware of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00686-00142703-00142759 before
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00687-00142760-00143078 so that was um they were the most
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00688-00143079-00143199 popular ones
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00689-00143200-00143535 food waste was also a popular one and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00690-00143536-00143790 what was also interesting is that three
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00691-00143791-00143902 quarters of people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00692-00143903-00144151 said that they intended to to continue
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00693-00144152-00144343 with these changes that they'd made
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00694-00144344-00144631 in the long term now how that's playing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00695-00144632-00144807 out in geeky zero
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00696-00144808-00145151 what's really interesting is that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00697-00145152-00145511 people because we're all different
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00698-00145512-00145807 because we all have our carbon footprint
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00699-00145808-00146031 and our broader environmental impact is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00700-00146032-00146143 different
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00701-00146144-00146471 both in terms of uh you know what we eat
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00702-00146472-00146623 and how we dispose of our food and all
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00703-00146624-00146759 that kind of thing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00704-00146760-00147119 um but also um you know do we travel a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00705-00147120-00147287 lot do we live in a city
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00706-00147288-00147502 in a well insulated flat or do we live
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00707-00147503-00147607 in the countryside
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00708-00147608-00147743 which certainly in you know countries
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00709-00147744-00147990 with lots of old buildings they can be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00710-00147991-00148247 drafty and very badly insulated
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00711-00148248-00148695 um and so the changes that people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00712-00148696-00148966 need to make to get the biggest impact
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00713-00148967-00149126 totally depends on your own personal
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00714-00149127-00149263 circumstances
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00715-00149264-00149495 so i would say that what the the biggest
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00716-00149496-00149654 trends that we're seeing in geeky zero
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00717-00149655-00149790 is that people tend to start with the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00718-00149791-00150078 smaller easier steps not that surprising
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00719-00150079-00150287 but then once they feel good about the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00720-00150288-00150487 fact that they made some initial changes
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00721-00150488-00150687 that can then give you the confidence
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00722-00150688-00150926 and the and the inclination to actually
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00723-00150927-00151190 take on something a bit more challenging
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00724-00151191-00151535 so you know really a really popular one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00725-00151536-00151751 which which is one that people always
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00726-00151752-00151878 say oh yeah i hadn't thought of that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00727-00151879-00151990 which i have to say i hadn't really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00728-00151991-00152151 thought of probably before is put lids
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00729-00152152-00152343 on your saucepan whenever you're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00730-00152344-00152614 cooking because it just saves a bit of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00731-00152615-00152702 energy
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00732-00152703-00152878 saves a little bit on your bills but it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00733-00152879-00153095 also just gets you into the mindset of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00734-00153096-00153247 thinking about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00735-00153248-00153607 these resources are not just sort of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00736-00153608-00153911 there in you know that never-ending
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00737-00153912-00154095 keep on coming forever and ever it just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00738-00154096-00154319 makes you value a little bit more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00739-00154320-00154647 everything that we have access to um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00740-00154648-00154847 so a lot of the smaller steps are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00741-00154848-00155007 actually about beginning to help people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00742-00155008-00155278 have a little bit of a mindset change
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00743-00155279-00155575 and actually some of the other smaller
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00744-00155576-00155654 popular ones
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00745-00155655-00155975 are things like changing from uh shampoo
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00746-00155976-00156335 uh in a bottle to shampoo bars um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00747-00156336-00156478 somebody i was talking to the other day
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00748-00156479-00156735 had had had a heated discussion with
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00749-00156736-00156887 somebody in the supermarket
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00750-00156888-00157087 and one of the ladies who was stacking
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00751-00157088-00157263 the shelves why haven't you got bars of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00752-00157264-00157399 shampoo
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00753-00157400-00157702 she said well we just don't stock them
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00754-00157703-00157951 and he was like well why not you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00755-00157952-00158087 everybody wants them now
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00756-00158088-00158283 and i think that that kind of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00757-00158284-00158647 conversation is what will begin to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00758-00158648-00158863 you know push companies to provide the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00759-00158864-00159102 kind of goods and services that people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00760-00159103-00159278 want
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00761-00159279-00159559 that was a long answer sorry but an
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00762-00159560-00159647 interesting one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00763-00159648-00159823 don't apologize for that at all no no
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00764-00159824-00159959 that was fascinating
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00765-00159960-00160207 and a quick question for rebecca as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00766-00160208-00160271 obviously
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00767-00160272-00160511 plastic free movement is now you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00768-00160512-00160687 globally recognized we've got hundreds
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00769-00160688-00160790 of millions of people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00770-00160791-00161063 involved what's the what's the long
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00771-00161064-00161166 what's the next step
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00772-00161167-00161287 for the foundation what where what are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00773-00161288-00161719 your ambitions for uh for the future
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00774-00161720-00162078 um so our big picture vision is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00775-00162079-00162351 is not for a world without plastic we do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00776-00162352-00162526 acknowledge that there's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00777-00162527-00162831 a role for plastic but it's a world
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00778-00162832-00162975 without plastic waste
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00779-00162976-00163254 so we don't want to see plastic ending
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00780-00163255-00163335 up
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00781-00163336-00163502 in our environment we don't want to see
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00782-00163503-00163702 it ending up in our landfills
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00783-00163703-00164014 and i think that you know i think that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00784-00164015-00164095 we've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00785-00164096-00164447 um we've had a lot of wins over the last
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00786-00164448-00164687 10 years you know 10 years ago people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00787-00164688-00164831 weren't talking about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00788-00164832-00165014 single-use plastic or disposable
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00789-00165015-00165190 plastics and now
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00790-00165191-00165463 it is very much in our you know a topic
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00791-00165464-00165590 of conversation
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00792-00165591-00165838 we've seen plastic bag bans coming in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00793-00165839-00165943 we've seen
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00794-00165944-00166278 you know bottle refund schemes um but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00795-00166279-00166631 uh you know despite everything
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00796-00166632-00166823 you know the recycling we've only
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00797-00166824-00167038 managed to recycle nine percent of all
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00798-00167039-00167263 of the plastic that's ever been produced
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00799-00167264-00167335 and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00800-00167336-00167702 recycling is really important
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00801-00167703-00167926 but i think at the one of our
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00802-00167927-00168071 fundamental problems
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00803-00168072-00168447 is that it is generally cheaper and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00804-00168448-00168751 easier for producers and manufacturers
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00805-00168752-00168911 to use
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00806-00168912-00169223 um virgin plastics and it is to use
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00807-00169224-00169319 recycled
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00808-00169320-00169631 content so i think you know some of the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00809-00169632-00169695 things i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00810-00169696-00169887 food packaging is going to be the very
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00811-00169888-00170047 big challenge
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00812-00170048-00170383 and i think that our our governments
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00813-00170384-00170526 need to set
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00814-00170527-00170783 those frameworks whether it's through
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00815-00170784-00171126 requiring minimum mandated
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00816-00171127-00171454 amounts of recycled content or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00817-00171455-00171735 you know attacks on virgin plastic but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00818-00171736-00171919 we have to do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00819-00171920-00172238 something to this you know when we when
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00820-00172239-00172383 you look at the figures of plastic
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00821-00172384-00172463 production
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00822-00172464-00172799 set to quadruple by 2050
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00823-00172800-00173031 versus this recycling rate that's pretty
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00824-00173032-00173231 much stagnant at that nine percent
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00825-00173232-00173343 globally
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00826-00173344-00173607 this this gap which is the plastic waste
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00827-00173608-00173831 is just ever increasing and we have to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00828-00173832-00173935 do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00829-00173936-00174295 something fundamentally to change
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00830-00174296-00174631 the market and the economy where
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00831-00174632-00174831 where it's linear where it's take make
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00832-00174832-00174935 through
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00833-00174936-00175190 and i think and move towards that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00834-00175191-00175383 circular economy
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00835-00175384-00175695 which goes beyond just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00836-00175696-00176087 recycling and waste to looking at
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00837-00176088-00176438 product design looking at looking at
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00838-00176439-00176751 looking at communities as well and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00839-00176752-00177071 how we can
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00840-00177072-00177454 start to value the resources um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00841-00177455-00177663 and not consume in the same way that we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00842-00177664-00177790 are now
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00843-00177791-00178054 but that as we make these kinds of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00844-00178055-00178143 transitions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00845-00178144-00178454 it's it is there are those social and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00846-00178455-00178638 community benefits as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00847-00178639-00178863 shifting from this you know from this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00848-00178864-00178966 take make throw
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00849-00178967-00179214 to a circular economy which is a service
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00850-00179215-00179375 economy and we have all those
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00851-00179376-00179751 labor benefits as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00852-00179752-00179895 yeah and that's and that's a key part of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00853-00179896-00180047 this whole debate isn't it we're not
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00854-00180048-00180087 just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00855-00180088-00180190 looking at one part of the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00856-00180191-00180414 sustainability agenda it's the whole
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00857-00180415-00180559 the it's the social the economic and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00858-00180560-00180726 it's the environmentalist and it all as
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00859-00180727-00180807 one piece
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00860-00180808-00181071 that's very true thanks rebecca so uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00861-00181072-00181238 you guys have been sharing with us
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00862-00181239-00181414 your the changes that you've been making
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00863-00181415-00181535 so it's been fascinating to see what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00864-00181536-00181654 we've been putting up on the chat so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00865-00181655-00181759 thank you for that so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00866-00181760-00181911 you know we're seeing you know you're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00867-00181912-00182071 flying less you're not eating out as
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00868-00182072-00182119 much
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00869-00182120-00182326 as some of that obviously is forced but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00870-00182327-00182487 spending less in general
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00871-00182488-00182678 what else haven't been saying actually
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00872-00182679-00182838 working from home getting out and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00873-00182839-00182959 exercising every day
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00874-00182960-00183087 i've gotta admit i've been doing that i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00875-00183088-00183271 go for a walk every morning as well it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00876-00183272-00183407 wonderful i'm not just running for a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00877-00183408-00183663 train or jumping in a in a car
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00878-00183664-00183902 and it's it's great and i think there's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00879-00183903-00184151 well eating less meat less food waste i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00880-00184152-00184271 know that's something here in the uk
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00881-00184272-00184335 it's been
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00882-00184336-00184519 uh reported quite a bit on is is that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00883-00184520-00184687 reduction in food waste because we're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00884-00184688-00184823 spending more time thinking about we're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00885-00184824-00184966 eating preparing and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00886-00184967-00185063 make sure we've got the right stuff in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00887-00185064-00185247 the right place also helps if you can't
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00888-00185248-00185383 buy certain things in the supermarket i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00889-00185384-00185502 suppose that makes us think a little bit
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00890-00185503-00185671 differently as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00891-00185672-00185831 and so yes some really great examples in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00892-00185832-00185943 there so thank you guys so much for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00893-00185944-00186135 sharing please do keep bringing them in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00894-00186136-00186319 that takes us really nicely into our
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00895-00186320-00186454 second poll question
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00896-00186455-00186743 which is how can we increase the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00897-00186744-00186838 possibility
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00898-00186839-00187135 of keeping these positive behaviors once
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00899-00187136-00187199 we're back
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00900-00187200-00187583 to normal so we've got four options for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00901-00187584-00187654 you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00902-00187655-00187783 and i apologize if you can hear it but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00903-00187784-00187950 i've got a really loud helicopter or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00904-00187951-00188102 something going over my house
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00905-00188103-00188302 um so apologies if the the microphone's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00906-00188303-00188414 picking that up
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00907-00188415-00188575 so but we've got four different options
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00908-00188576-00188759 so is it about education awareness
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00909-00188760-00188966 is it about produce responsibility and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00910-00188967-00189119 as you know rebecca was saying about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00911-00189120-00189159 those
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00912-00189160-00189471 incentives around recycled content or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00913-00189472-00189711 or virgin material taxes do we need to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00914-00189712-00189838 really push them to think about it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00915-00189839-00189975 is it about government policy is it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00916-00189976-00190111 about them bringing in those measures
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00917-00190112-00190271 it's about them legislating
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00918-00190272-00190463 for what we what we expect and how we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00919-00190464-00190695 expect both companies and consumers to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00920-00190696-00190823 respond
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00921-00190824-00190983 and is it is it just direct financial
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00922-00190984-00191135 prompts is it about bringing in tax
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00923-00191136-00191326 measures is it about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00924-00191327-00191495 um other kind of nudges that are more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00925-00191496-00191638 financially based for people to think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00926-00191639-00191814 more about the true cost of what they're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00927-00191815-00191902 buying
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00928-00191903-00192102 now to make this really uh you know a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00929-00192103-00192231 bit more of a head scratcher you can
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00930-00192232-00192375 only select one of these
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00931-00192376-00192511 because i don't know about uh the rest
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00932-00192512-00192623 of the panelists but i would probably
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00933-00192624-00192759 pick a mixture of all four
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00934-00192760-00192943 so we've thought let's make it a little
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00935-00192944-00193111 bit more difficult for you guys
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00936-00193112-00193271 so we'll give you just a moment to have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00937-00193272-00193447 a think on that one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00938-00193448-00193743 and i will bring them up here we go so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00939-00193744-00193790 uh an
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00940-00193791-00193959 interesting mix so we're gonna come over
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00941-00193960-00194159 to rebecca for your thoughts
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00942-00194160-00194414 on those panels so obviously education
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00943-00194415-00194471 awareness
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00944-00194472-00194623 is the big one followed closely by
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00945-00194624-00194775 government policy what do you make of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00946-00194776-00194823 that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00947-00194824-00195150 rebecca
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00948-00195151-00195335 i think they're all right you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00949-00195336-00195502 there's no one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00950-00195503-00195838 single silver bullet um i've just lost
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00951-00195839-00195990 those results there
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00952-00195991-00196438 um to to solving this problem and i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00953-00196439-00196502 think it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00954-00196503-00196831 going to take action um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00955-00196832-00197263 at all those levels and um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00956-00197264-00197519 and as i said before i think you know i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00957-00197520-00197614 think one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00958-00197615-00197959 can lead to the to the other as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00959-00197960-00198295 so that you know that that you know i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00960-00198296-00198447 don't think that we would
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00961-00198448-00198750 you know in my state we have just um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00962-00198751-00198943 at the be on the 1st of october my state
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00963-00198944-00199095 of western australia
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00964-00199096-00199319 we just introduced a container deposit
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00965-00199320-00199511 scheme so where you get
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00966-00199512-00199854 take back you pay a 10 cent deposit on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00967-00199855-00200023 beverage containers and then you take
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00968-00200024-00200238 them back and get your 10
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00969-00200239-00200550 cents refund and that that's paid that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00970-00200551-00200790 10 cents and the cost of running the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00971-00200791-00200959 scheme is paid for by the beverage
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00972-00200960-00201095 companies
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00973-00201096-00201414 and you know we would not have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00974-00201415-00201719 that scheme that scheme has taken
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00975-00201720-00202119 10 years or more of campaigning
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00976-00202120-00202471 from individuals from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00977-00202472-00202775 community groups from local governments
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00978-00202776-00202878 from people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00979-00202879-00203254 running events and you know trialling it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00980-00203255-00203343 to see if it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00981-00203344-00203663 work you know we ran one back in 2012
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00982-00203664-00203735 and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00983-00203736-00204047 got a grant of 500 worth of 10
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00984-00204048-00204238 coins from the local bank because
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00985-00204239-00204390 everyone said i know no one will do that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00986-00204391-00204495 anymore
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00987-00204496-00204768 for 10 cents and um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00988-00204769-00205103 [Music]
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00989-00205104-00205303 so i think that you know we absolutely
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00990-00205304-00205566 need that policy change we need
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00991-00205567-00205782 governments to put in place the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00992-00205783-00205982 legislation so it's a level playing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00993-00205983-00206094 field
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00994-00206096-00206358 for businesses because you know it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00995-00206359-00206462 more costly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00996-00206463-00206814 um i've got a shopping bag made from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00997-00206815-00207142 recycled plastic water bottles and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00998-00207144-00207462 that retails for you know sells for four
+ns4f_7pxIyE-00999-00207463-00207575 times the price
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01000-00207576-00207886 of if it was made from virgin plastic
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01001-00207887-00208255 so we need we need all of those
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01002-00208256-00208503 to happen and i think the biggest
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01003-00208504-00208662 changes we've seen
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01004-00208663-00209006 over the last 10 years have been in that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01005-00209007-00209223 through the education and the awareness
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01006-00209223-00209414 raising the david attenborough effect
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01007-00209415-00209631 the individual behavior change
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01008-00209632-00209934 and i think that you know in the next 10
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01009-00209935-00210015 years
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01010-00210016-00210223 we've got to see the action from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01011-00210223-00210510 governments and businesses so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01012-00210511-00210751 you know we can't have we've got to have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01013-00210752-00211175 the seesaw imbalance here
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01014-00211176-00211367 absolutely and joe anything you want to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01015-00211367-00211615 add to rebecca's comments on that one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01016-00211616-00211871 yeah i just totally agree i think we've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01017-00211871-00212055 got to the stage because we've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01018-00212056-00212303 so fantastically successfully ignored
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01019-00212304-00212358 all the set
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01020-00212359-00212558 all the messages that nature's centers
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01021-00212559-00212823 for the last 30 40 years
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01022-00212823-00212967 you know particularly around carbon
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01023-00212967-00213151 emissions but also around
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01024-00213152-00213575 plastic and uh the impacts of humanity
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01025-00213576-00213606 on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01026-00213607-00213967 um on nature and and animals
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01027-00213967-00214134 the warning signs have been there for a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01028-00214135-00214319 long time and we've merely
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01029-00214319-00214519 ignored them and as a result we have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01030-00214519-00214727 much less time to actually
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01031-00214728-00214903 make the changes that we have to make
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01032-00214904-00215134 before they become totally irreversible
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01033-00215135-00215471 and i think as a result of that um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01034-00215471-00215671 we need really strong policy change we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01035-00215671-00215823 need business transformation
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01036-00215823-00216134 and we need us as individuals to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01037-00216135-00216519 um take uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01038-00216519-00216855 take pleasure and ownership
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01039-00216856-00217110 in in working towards protecting the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01040-00217111-00217287 environment in the broadest possible
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01041-00217288-00217479 sense because
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01042-00217480-00217798 if we don't it won't be as it is now for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01043-00217800-00217910 that much longer and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01044-00217911-00218094 and uh we won't be able to do anything
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01045-00218096-00218303 about it then so i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01046-00218304-00218479 yeah we've got to do everything from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01047-00218480-00218623 every angle really now
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01048-00218623-00218903 and we can do it i mean we do know how
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01049-00218904-00219087 to do it which is the great thing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01050-00219088-00219271 we know what all the answers are we just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01051-00219271-00219751 have to prioritize them
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01052-00219752-00219975 thanks joe and i think let's uh let's go
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01053-00219976-00220103 on to one of the one of the questions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01054-00220104-00220239 from the audience now so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01055-00220240-00220394 you've been sending them in obviously
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01056-00220396-00220598 pre-pre-today session and throughout the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01057-00220600-00220710 conversation if you haven't already so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01058-00220711-00220806 thank you so much for that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01059-00220807-00220934 i think one that's come up probably more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01060-00220935-00221246 than any others is a question around
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01061-00221248-00221510 around wealth and a lot of these
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01062-00221511-00221719 behaviors are often associated with a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01063-00221719-00221910 financial cost so whether that's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01064-00221911-00222223 you know buying a reusable cup or buying
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01065-00222223-00222358 different alternatives such as shampoo
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01066-00222359-00222503 bars which can be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01067-00222504-00222791 on the face of it more expensive so are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01068-00222792-00222823 we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01069-00222823-00223015 is there is there an issue when it comes
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01070-00223016-00223191 to the financial side
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01071-00223192-00223471 of um of sustainable behaviors you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01072-00223471-00223582 and how do we bring
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01073-00223583-00223863 everybody along with us regardless of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01074-00223864-00224039 their financial position
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01075-00224040-00224310 uh in in life so joe how how would you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01076-00224311-00224446 respond to that sort of question yeah i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01077-00224448-00224615 think there are two key points to that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01078-00224616-00224871 firstly generally the richer you are the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01079-00224871-00225046 bigger your carbon footprint
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01080-00225048-00225182 and the bigger your environmental
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01081-00225183-00225334 footprint there was some fascinating
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01082-00225335-00225487 research that came out recently from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01083-00225488-00225598 oxfam
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01084-00225600-00225934 that showed that something like the top
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01085-00225935-00226006 1
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01086-00226007-00226191 in terms of wealth in the globe were
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01087-00226192-00226455 responsible for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01088-00226456-00226775 a vast proportion of carbon emissions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01089-00226776-00226839 globally
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01090-00226840-00227087 you know some but bearing in mind that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01091-00227088-00227319 the uk average footprint is nine tons
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01092-00227319-00227519 we are well above the global average
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01093-00227519-00227719 which is five tons because we're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01094-00227719-00227910 a wealthy nation here and as a result
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01095-00227911-00228142 people have bigger carbon footprints
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01096-00228144-00228455 um some uber wealthy people have a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01097-00228456-00228742 footprint of about 350 tons
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01098-00228744-00229031 so the wealthy are generally the ones
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01099-00229032-00229223 who have the biggest changes to make
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01100-00229223-00229455 and can afford to make them so that that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01101-00229456-00229527 you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01102-00229528-00229831 that's definitely a point that is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01103-00229832-00229998 important to remember so there are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01104-00230000-00230182 already quite a significant people in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01105-00230183-00230231 the world
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01106-00230232-00230367 number of people in the world who are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01107-00230367-00230598 living a net zero lifestyle
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01108-00230600-00230879 by virtue of the fact that they tend to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01109-00230880-00230934 live in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01110-00230935-00231287 in less wealthy countries um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01111-00231288-00231615 in terms of is it more expensive we've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01112-00231616-00231694 actually got
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01113-00231696-00231934 so we've got about 120 steps in geeky
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01114-00231935-00232119 zero about a third of them
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01115-00232119-00232375 actually save you money um and i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01116-00232376-00232575 that's one of the challenges around the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01117-00232576-00232727 sustainability
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01118-00232728-00232919 debate that there's an assumption that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01119-00232919-00233087 it will cost you more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01120-00233088-00233358 and it's definitely true on a product by
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01121-00233359-00233623 product basis a more sustainable product
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01122-00233623-00233927 may well be more expensive because it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01123-00233928-00234167 has priced in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01124-00234167-00234351 to an extent its impact on the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01125-00234352-00234487 environment
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01126-00234488-00234767 um and as a result you're paying more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01127-00234767-00234831 for it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01128-00234832-00235142 but if you live a more sustainable life
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01129-00235144-00235439 in the whole so you you know you use
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01130-00235440-00235606 less aircraft
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01131-00235607-00235823 you eat less red meat which can be very
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01132-00235823-00235934 expensive
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01133-00235935-00236294 um you know you travel less actually
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01134-00236296-00236455 not only would you reduce your carbon
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01135-00236456-00236639 footprint and your broader environmental
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01136-00236640-00236798 impact but you would also save
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01137-00236800-00237103 money so i think that while
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01138-00237104-00237287 there are certain elements of a more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01139-00237288-00237406 sustainable life
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01140-00237407-00237582 like you know eating organic food for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01141-00237583-00237751 example which tends to be more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01142-00237752-00238110 more expensive than regular food
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01143-00238111-00238367 actually a lot of the changes that you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01144-00238367-00238910 can make you save money
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01145-00238911-00239079 and rebecca anything to add to that one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01146-00239080-00239455 thank you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01147-00239456-00239751 yeah just um absolutely agree with you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01148-00239752-00239782 know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01149-00239783-00240006 what joe has said i think just two other
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01150-00240007-00240175 things come to mind for me one of the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01151-00240176-00240246 biggest things
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01152-00240248-00240471 is food waste you know the global
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01153-00240471-00240551 average of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01154-00240552-00240975 food waste is 30 of all the food that is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01155-00240976-00241223 grown that is wasted i know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01156-00241223-00241455 in australia and in the u.s that figure
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01157-00241456-00241623 is closer to 40
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01158-00241623-00242039 and a lot of that happens in the home so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01159-00242040-00242398 um and again i haven't seen any research
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01160-00242400-00242687 on this but i suspect the the wealthier
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01161-00242688-00242767 that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01162-00242767-00243134 that we are um you know the more that we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01163-00243135-00243198 probably
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01164-00243200-00243367 do waste and i think that that's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01165-00243367-00243598 something that we really focused on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01166-00243600-00243855 during covert and plastic for july this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01167-00243856-00243927 year is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01168-00243928-00244271 is how to how to waste less food because
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01169-00244271-00244519 then we're also wasting less packaging
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01170-00244519-00244679 but also less money
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01171-00244680-00245055 as as well so um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01172-00245056-00245327 and i guess the second thing is i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01173-00245328-00245446 that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01174-00245448-00245734 i think that we also need to look at how
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01175-00245735-00245923 we're positioning
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01176-00245923-00246223 sustainability how that me
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01177-00246223-00246630 what that messaging is um i think that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01178-00246631-00246942 you know a lot of it is being being
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01179-00246944-00247167 promoted from a kind of a marketing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01180-00247167-00247294 perspective it's about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01181-00247296-00247494 selling stuff and to me it's not about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01182-00247496-00247615 having the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01183-00247616-00247846 latest water bottle in the latest colors
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01184-00247848-00248006 or getting a new one every season it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01185-00248007-00248063 like
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01186-00248064-00248391 you use what you have um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01187-00248392-00248663 but i think that as a movement we're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01188-00248664-00248734 also
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01189-00248735-00249071 kind of guilty about um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01190-00249071-00249367 promoting it as a lifestyle and rather
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01191-00249367-00249503 than
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01192-00249504-00249871 sharing um stories and images of normal
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01193-00249871-00250127 people doing the right thing so i know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01194-00250128-00250415 when i worked on the plastic bag ban
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01195-00250416-00250687 here in western australia it was
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01196-00250688-00250967 you know here's a photo of a uni student
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01197-00250967-00251191 who's buying one or two things and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01198-00251192-00251303 they're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01199-00251304-00251463 they're juggling that you know they're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01200-00251464-00251606 not using any bag
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01201-00251607-00251894 here's someone a mum that's been to a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01202-00251896-00251942 gym
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01203-00251944-00252167 and she's got you know some bread
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01204-00252167-00252391 sticking out of her backpack you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01205-00252392-00252615 it's not about necessarily going out and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01206-00252616-00252871 buying an organic cotton bag it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01207-00252871-00253103 using that cardboard box it's using the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01208-00253104-00253191 bags that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01209-00253192-00253367 you already have at home in the back of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01210-00253367-00253558 your car
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01211-00253559-00253687 in the back of your cupboard or in the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01212-00253688-00253894 car boot it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01213-00253896-00254223 it's not always about buying our way out
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01214-00254223-00254271 of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01215-00254271-00254487 this problem and i think the way that we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01216-00254488-00254575 message that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01217-00254576-00254910 and the fact that you know yes some of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01218-00254911-00255006 these options
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01219-00255007-00255230 you know putting a solar panels on your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01220-00255231-00255455 roof might be more expensive but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01221-00255456-00255663 you know if you switch you know when i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01222-00255664-00255782 switch to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01223-00255783-00256015 reusable menstrual products it was to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01224-00256016-00256182 reduce the waste
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01225-00256183-00256391 but i can't believe how much money that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01226-00256392-00256598 i've saved for a small
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01227-00256600-00256919 initial investment i've saved you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01228-00256919-00257087 hundreds of times that hundreds and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01229-00257088-00257263 hundreds of times over over the last
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01230-00257264-00257415 five years
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01231-00257416-00257767 so we need to look at the bigger picture
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01232-00257767-00257798 here
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01233-00257800-00257991 but we also need to look at the way that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01234-00257992-00258167 we're sharing these
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01235-00258167-00258551 messages as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01236-00258552-00258751 i agree completely with you rebecca i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01237-00258752-00258871 think there's uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01238-00258871-00259082 it's about that prioritization and that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01239-00259083-00259319 normalization of of these things this is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01240-00259319-00259358 about
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01241-00259359-00259479 that you know like you say like the you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01242-00259480-00259615 know reusable menstrual menstrual
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01243-00259616-00259679 products
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01244-00259680-00259903 they should become the norm rather than
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01245-00259904-00260030 you know their
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01246-00260031-00260191 disposable options you know that's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01247-00260192-00260391 that's the ideal that we're working
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01248-00260392-00260630 towards aren't we um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01249-00260631-00260839 completely okay so i'm gonna whiz over
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01250-00260840-00261071 to another question from our panel so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01251-00261071-00261294 um uh dominique's up in gateshead in the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01252-00261296-00261382 north of the uk
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01253-00261383-00261606 and she's saying that um there are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01254-00261607-00261798 plenty of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01255-00261800-00262055 uh examples out there of during corona
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01256-00262056-00262182 that companies have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01257-00262183-00262358 come back from some of the promises that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01258-00262359-00262551 are making to make positive change
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01259-00262552-00262782 and she cites both costa and starbucks
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01260-00262783-00262958 obviously massive coffee brands
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01261-00262959-00263199 who stopped using their stop refilling
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01262-00263200-00263423 cups particularly in the uk i'm
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01263-00263424-00263591 assuming that they have done in other
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01264-00263592-00263743 other territories as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01265-00263744-00263975 um and it's obviously frustrating that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01266-00263976-00264110 they've used that to scale back and they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01267-00264111-00264223 haven't particularly come in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01268-00264224-00264551 back in particularly quickly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01269-00264552-00264710 what can we do about this how do we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01270-00264711-00264903 challenge those behaviors and that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01271-00264904-00265279 um and that reactive uh stance to go
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01272-00265280-00265430 back to disposable
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01273-00265431-00265679 in in these sorts of times of crisis um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01274-00265680-00266030 uh rebecca what what do you make of that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01275-00266031-00266343 so i think that we have been very good
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01276-00266344-00266582 largely very good at listening to the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01277-00266583-00266695 science
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01278-00266696-00267006 on this virus on the precautions that we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01279-00267007-00267063 need
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01280-00267064-00267399 to take and i think that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01281-00267400-00267647 i think it's a difficult situation at
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01282-00267648-00267806 the moment
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01283-00267807-00268079 because obviously this human health
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01284-00268080-00268167 concern is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01285-00268168-00268463 at the top of the agenda and rightly so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01286-00268464-00268663 but i think we need to be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01287-00268664-00268943 really careful and listen to the science
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01288-00268944-00269039 on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01289-00269040-00269367 the use of reusables yeah and the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01290-00269368-00269695 actual health risks associated with
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01291-00269696-00270015 um with um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01292-00270016-00270567 using reusables and i think you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01293-00270568-00270910 i think that some of these um decisions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01294-00270911-00271023 and responses
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01295-00271024-00271182 are not rational and they're not
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01296-00271183-00271430 following the science so this is a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01297-00271431-00271658 it's a respiratory virus it's not
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01298-00271659-00271847 gastrointestinal the best things that we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01299-00271848-00272015 can be doing are the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01300-00272016-00272279 social distancing the washing our hands
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01301-00272280-00272423 the wearing of masks
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01302-00272424-00272719 um you know to be honest the biggest
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01303-00272720-00272927 risk is actually you know from that cup
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01304-00272928-00272982 is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01305-00272983-00273191 from is not if you're going to get it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01306-00273192-00273406 from drinking a coffee out of that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01307-00273407-00273639 your reusable cup it's actually being in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01308-00273640-00273879 that cafe in the first place
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01309-00273880-00274310 um so i think that that the more that we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01310-00274311-00274615 um the more that we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01311-00274616-00274951 get you know ask that question directly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01312-00274952-00275071 of scientists
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01313-00275072-00275399 and you know get that health advice and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01314-00275400-00275719 start to communicate though
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01315-00275720-00276023 that that research um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01316-00276024-00276382 um the better that we're going to start
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01317-00276383-00276606 to take some of the heat of the emotion
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01318-00276607-00276695 out of these
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01319-00276696-00277103 kinds of these discussions and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01320-00277104-00277406 you know at the end of the day you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01321-00277407-00277687 perhaps for business for some businesses
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01322-00277688-00277895 that they've got so much on their
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01323-00277896-00278206 plate to deal with in terms of their
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01324-00278207-00278551 closures and staffing etc that it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01325-00278552-00278734 you know they they've used the health
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01326-00278735-00278863 concern as just an
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01327-00278864-00279079 excuse and we just might not be able to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01328-00279080-00279295 win all of those kind of arguments in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01329-00279296-00279534 the short term but i've certainly found
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01330-00279535-00279679 you know the more we can have those
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01331-00279680-00279863 conversations to say you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01332-00279864-00280158 here is our state or federal you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01333-00280159-00280199 health
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01334-00280200-00280391 department's advice here's what the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01335-00280392-00280582 scientists are saying about these
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01336-00280583-00280903 issues um the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01337-00280904-00281263 the more like likely you are to get
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01338-00281264-00281799 get that message heard
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01339-00281800-00281919 thanks rick that makes that makes a lot
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01340-00281920-00282134 of sense um question for you joe so we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01341-00282135-00282247 haven't talked a lot about local
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01342-00282248-00282415 authorities necessarily at the moment or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01343-00282416-00282567 councils or collection authorities are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01344-00282568-00282710 those responsible for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01345-00282711-00282958 um collecting recycling and waste as you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01346-00282959-00283015 know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01347-00283016-00283206 obviously there's different setups at
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01348-00283207-00283319 different places
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01349-00283320-00283510 across the globe um but when
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01350-00283511-00283606 particularly when we're looking at the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01351-00283607-00283758 western world and the sort of setups
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01352-00283759-00283895 that we have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01353-00283896-00284071 how can we bring them into this problem
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01354-00284072-00284282 what's their responsibility in all of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01355-00284283-00284654 this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01356-00284655-00284967 so in in terms of um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01357-00284968-00285279 local active local authority actions in
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01358-00285280-00285591 in the uk a surprising number of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01359-00285592-00285639 actually
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01360-00285640-00285863 already declared a climate emergency i
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01361-00285864-00286015 think it's about 60
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01362-00286016-00286182 which is really amazing when you think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01363-00286183-00286367 about it and i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01364-00286368-00286671 that that's often due to local
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01365-00286672-00287015 uh you know local people just asking for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01366-00287016-00287199 it pushing for it which is great
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01367-00287200-00287423 um i think sometimes the challenge then
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01368-00287424-00287591 for local authorities is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01369-00287592-00287727 you know what does that actually look
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01370-00287728-00287919 like what do you actually do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01371-00287920-00288087 okay we've acknowledged that there's a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01372-00288088-00288254 big problem here
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01373-00288255-00288534 um what are we going to do about it and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01374-00288535-00288710 and how
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01375-00288711-00288951 how can we pay for it which clearly is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01376-00288952-00289110 is a challenge at the moment
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01377-00289111-00289319 and has been in the uk for some time
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01378-00289320-00289463 that council budgets have been
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01379-00289464-00289599 significantly reduced
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01380-00289600-00289879 so there's um i think there are there
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01381-00289880-00289927 are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01382-00289928-00290127 for councils there are a number of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01383-00290128-00290287 different components in that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01384-00290288-00290430 there's their own operations in the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01385-00290431-00290647 areas that they're responsible for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01386-00290648-00290839 like their own buildings but also if
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01387-00290840-00290975 they're doing if they're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01388-00290976-00291215 responsible for the waste collection um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01389-00291216-00291399 that's a key part but also then
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01390-00291400-00291630 actually engaging with people locally
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01391-00291631-00291871 and encouraging them to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01392-00291872-00292039 want to make changes that are going to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01393-00292040-00292199 be supportive of the broader
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01394-00292200-00292567 local policies and those are two quite
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01395-00292568-00292799 big and quite different tasks for local
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01396-00292800-00292943 councils to do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01397-00292944-00293127 i think another thing that we hear
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01398-00293128-00293271 repeatedly from
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01399-00293272-00293582 the general public who who use um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01400-00293583-00293903 user both at all out of our tools is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01401-00293904-00294023 that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01402-00294024-00294239 they want they want clarity and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01403-00294240-00294463 particularly around recycling which is a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01404-00294464-00294519 really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01405-00294520-00294687 tricky one depending on where you live
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01406-00294688-00294854 in the uk you know is this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01407-00294855-00295191 tetrapak recyclable you know that often
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01408-00295192-00295303 on the label it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01409-00295304-00295534 it's challenging to know whether it is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01410-00295535-00295663 really and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01411-00295664-00295958 there's um not always the clearest
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01412-00295959-00296151 information in terms of what's on the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01413-00296152-00296279 packaging
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01414-00296280-00296479 and then in terms of what your local
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01415-00296480-00296679 council will actually do for you as
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01416-00296680-00296863 as an individual varies massively
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01417-00296864-00296982 depending on where you live in the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01418-00296983-00297119 country and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01419-00297120-00297271 you know you can look up online if
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01420-00297272-00297479 you've got the time etc but many people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01421-00297480-00297558 don't and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01422-00297559-00297727 i'm sure as a result a lot of stuff just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01423-00297728-00297934 ends up going to landfill because
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01424-00297935-00298071 people aren't sure whether or not they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01425-00298072-00298271 can recycle it so i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01426-00298272-00298639 i think um councils being
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01427-00298640-00298791 you know being supported in their
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01428-00298792-00298967 declaration of a climate emergency and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01429-00298968-00299119 what they can actually do about it it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01430-00299120-00299287 really important and also
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01431-00299288-00299495 clarity to the general public in terms
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01432-00299496-00299710 of what kind of support the council's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01433-00299711-00299806 offering them is really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01434-00299807-00300167 important great and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01435-00300168-00300430 and rebecca coming over to you from uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01436-00300431-00300471 for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01437-00300472-00300639 places where you know collections are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01438-00300640-00300758 not quite as formalized or the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01439-00300759-00300999 facilities are just not as available
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01440-00301000-00301215 um to their local population what what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01441-00301216-00301343 could governments
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01442-00301344-00301615 um to do to legislate to ban to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01443-00301616-00301695 encourage
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01444-00301696-00301910 to to change the way the market responds
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01445-00301911-00302095 and influence consumption particularly
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01446-00302096-00302254 around obviously plastics
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01447-00302255-00302519 um as obviously that's your uh you know
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01448-00302520-00303239 obviously your specialist
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01449-00303240-00303606 rebecca you're on mute
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01450-00303607-00303782 sorry do you specifically mean like
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01451-00303783-00303927 policy at that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01452-00303928-00304239 you know local level yeah so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01453-00304240-00304391 where the biggest drivers could be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01454-00304392-00304527 obviously policy could be one of them
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01455-00304528-00304591 but if
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01456-00304592-00304782 a local government hasn't got that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01457-00304783-00305015 formal system to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01458-00305016-00305310 to influence both the market and and the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01459-00305311-00305406 population what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01460-00305407-00305582 other measures could they could they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01461-00305583-00305775 look at doing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01462-00305776-00305991 i mean i think one of the things you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01463-00305992-00306199 know and again it depends on the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01464-00306200-00306430 jurisdiction but you know looking at
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01465-00306431-00306582 what they have control
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01466-00306583-00307030 over so i know that a lot of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01467-00307031-00307254 a lot of jurisdictions where they have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01468-00307255-00307399 the planning commission
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01469-00307400-00307719 say for exam events for example have
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01470-00307720-00307823 been able to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01471-00307824-00308223 develop um to develop
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01472-00308224-00308654 um criteria for you know who can be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01473-00308655-00308934 the types of food service um businesses
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01474-00308935-00309182 that are attending those events so the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01475-00309183-00309279 kinds of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01476-00309280-00309543 packaging they're using or not using the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01477-00309544-00309630 types of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01478-00309631-00310110 um giveaways or materials that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01479-00310111-00310463 that are there and i think that looking
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01480-00310464-00310879 to looking for where they have agency
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01481-00310880-00310934 and they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01482-00310935-00311254 can make change um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01483-00311255-00311591 such as um such as things like events
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01484-00311592-00311767 that they give planning permission
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01485-00311768-00312182 for such as you know balloon releases is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01486-00312183-00312215 a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01487-00312216-00312399 kind of a great one that that that i've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01488-00312400-00312630 seen a number of jurisdictions take
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01489-00312631-00313047 control um take control
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01490-00313048-00313447 of and and ban because they're the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01491-00313448-00313654 they're the agencies that are giving
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01492-00313655-00313806 those planning permits
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01493-00313807-00314239 out so um and and it can
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01494-00314240-00314551 range from anything from that to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01495-00314552-00314934 um i was talking to one jurisdiction who
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01496-00314935-00315223 um it was actually their people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01497-00315224-00315454 responsible for their parks and their
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01498-00315455-00315727 maintenance and their mowing program
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01499-00315728-00316047 realized if they switched around their
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01500-00316048-00316351 schedule for their clean ups
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01501-00316352-00316558 and did the cleanups before they did a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01502-00316559-00316679 mowing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01503-00316680-00317023 then they were actually stopping this
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01504-00317024-00317351 what was happening before was that um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01505-00317352-00317510 because they weren't doing the cleanup
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01506-00317511-00317695 first when they were mowing they were
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01507-00317696-00317727 just
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01508-00317728-00317951 creating these gazillion pieces of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01509-00317952-00318127 microplastic because they were going
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01510-00318128-00318239 over
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01511-00318240-00318639 um bits of packaging whereas once they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01512-00318640-00318830 did their cleanups first and then did
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01513-00318831-00318910 their
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01514-00318911-00319215 their gardening program um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01515-00319216-00319430 it resulted in much less of a problem or
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01516-00319431-00319582 it might be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01517-00319583-00319919 requiring um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01518-00319920-00320143 infrastructure in stormwater drainage
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01519-00320144-00320327 systems that are leadership so a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01520-00320328-00320503 development might be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01521-00320504-00320751 um a developer might be required to put
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01522-00320752-00320958 in that infrastructure and maintain it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01523-00320959-00321047 so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01524-00321048-00321230 it's really around looking at what they
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01525-00321231-00321351 have control and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01526-00321352-00321639 influence over as well as i think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01527-00321640-00321799 they've really led the way
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01528-00321800-00322199 in supporting and engaging communities
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01529-00322200-00322487 in making sustainable behaviour change
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01530-00322488-00322710 as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01531-00322711-00322943 fantastic plenty for them to to still be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01532-00322944-00323063 doing even if they haven't got those
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01533-00323064-00323199 formal systems in place
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01534-00323200-00323463 fantastic okay i am very conscious that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01535-00323464-00323503 we are
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01536-00323504-00323647 vastly running out of time i'm sure we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01537-00323648-00323806 could carry on talking about this all
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01538-00323807-00323943 day because there's so much to cover
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01539-00323944-00324182 um so if we jump to poll four would that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01540-00324183-00324263 be okay
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01541-00324264-00324391 wonderful so we're going to put one last
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01542-00324392-00324615 poll up and uh joe and record come to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01543-00324616-00324751 you for your kind of final thoughts and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01544-00324752-00324999 your responses to this at the same time
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01545-00325000-00325223 so where are the biggest opportunities
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01546-00325224-00325454 for us to collaborate at a global scale
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01547-00325455-00325703 to create a sustainable future and the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01548-00325704-00325863 collaboration on so many ways is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01549-00325864-00326063 happening we can see the influence of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01550-00326064-00326239 a plastic free foundation it's becoming
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01551-00326240-00326399 a global movement as are many others
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01552-00326400-00326671 what more could we do so again you can
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01553-00326672-00326758 only pick one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01554-00326759-00326910 so you can't pick them all you can only
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01555-00326911-00327087 pick one and uh joe and rebecca i'm
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01556-00327088-00327199 gonna ask you for your number ones on
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01557-00327200-00327375 this as well so creating international
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01558-00327376-00327519 produced responsibility
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01559-00327520-00327663 pushing for government action
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01560-00327664-00327871 encouraging that consumer-led action so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01561-00327872-00327975 building on that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01562-00327976-00328199 fantastic um work of the plastic free
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01563-00328200-00328334 movement developing
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01564-00328335-00328575 circular business models there's plenty
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01565-00328576-00328695 others that i'm sure we could add to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01566-00328696-00328767 that list
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01567-00328768-00328991 for at least another hour um but pick
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01568-00328992-00329134 pick one and i'm gonna ask for your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01569-00329135-00329254 responses really quickly i'm gonna give
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01570-00329255-00329334 you five
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01571-00329335-00329671 four three two one and then we're gonna
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01572-00329672-00330063 see the results
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01573-00330064-00330423 there we go oh a real mixture okay um so
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01574-00330424-00330639 a real even mix between the first three
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01575-00330640-00330839 and uh secular business models creeping
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01576-00330840-00330982 along in the background
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01577-00330983-00331254 so um as we have five minutes like i say
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01578-00331255-00331295 uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01579-00331296-00331399 joe rebecca i'm gonna come to you if
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01580-00331400-00331575 you're you're one of those that you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01581-00331576-00331758 would pick if you had to select one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01582-00331759-00331910 and your final thoughts that you're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01583-00331911-00332087 going to take away from today's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01584-00332088-00332367 session so joe i'll come to you first
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01585-00332368-00332478 what's your what would be the one of
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01586-00332479-00332575 those that you would pick what's the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01587-00332576-00332727 biggest opportunity do you think
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01588-00332728-00333047 for us
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01589-00333048-00333399 you're on mute as well i think the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01590-00333400-00333471 biggest
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01591-00333472-00333671 if you'd asked me five years ago i would
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01592-00333672-00333830 have definitely said push for government
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01593-00333831-00333903 action
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01594-00333904-00334134 you know that's where the power sits but
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01595-00334135-00334327 i think i would now say
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01596-00334328-00334534 consumer action because there's there's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01597-00334535-00334687 a real disconnect between what the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01598-00334688-00334823 government governments
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01599-00334824-00334991 internationally have shown they can do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01600-00334992-00335134 so far and what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01601-00335135-00335454 people want governments to do and we're
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01602-00335455-00335639 seeing this with the schools movements
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01603-00335640-00335919 and movements like plastic free july and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01604-00335920-00336023 lots of other
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01605-00336024-00336239 really strong movements where people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01606-00336240-00336327 want
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01607-00336328-00336551 uh preservation of the environment which
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01608-00336552-00336758 isn't translating into policy
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01609-00336759-00337191 um so if that that those voices can be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01610-00337192-00337575 uh broader and really become mainstream
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01611-00337576-00337623 across
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01612-00337624-00337863 you know every country that that across
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01613-00337864-00337927 the globe
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01614-00337928-00338143 then it will be much much harder for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01615-00338144-00338263 policymakers
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01616-00338264-00338471 not to implement the legislation that we
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01617-00338472-00338591 really need
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01618-00338592-00338847 so i think that start the starting point
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01619-00338848-00338895 now
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01620-00338896-00339206 is really galvanizing um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01621-00339207-00339519 mainstream support across the world for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01622-00339520-00339678 the changes that we need to see
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01623-00339679-00339919 to give governments the mandate that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01624-00339920-00340039 they need to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01625-00340040-00340375 drive the policies through fab and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01626-00340376-00340527 just quickly rebecca what would be one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01627-00340528-00340639 of those that you would pick if you had
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01628-00340640-00341095 to pick one
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01629-00341096-00341406 you're on muted
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01630-00341407-00341887 it's so easy done i do it all the time
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01631-00341888-00342103 sorry i had to just go back and actually
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01632-00342104-00342287 see the list
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01633-00342288-00342487 list there myself i'm working off a very
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01634-00342488-00342599 small screen
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01635-00342600-00342775 um i think for me it's definitely that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01636-00342776-00342995 creating international producer
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01637-00342996-00343143 responsibility
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01638-00343144-00343423 you know we're producing more more
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01639-00343424-00343510 material
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01640-00343511-00343943 and it is absolutely the time
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01641-00343944-00344310 to put the responsibility for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01642-00344311-00344687 the products that are created um
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01643-00344688-00344887 back on you know the community's been
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01644-00344888-00345063 paying for them the local government's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01645-00345064-00345199 been paying the cost of it the
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01646-00345200-00345454 environment's been paying the cost of it
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01647-00345455-00345706 um we absolutely need to put that
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01648-00345707-00345847 responsibility
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01649-00345848-00346095 back on the manufacturers and producers
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01650-00346096-00346382 of those products
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01651-00346383-00346654 very true fantastic um thank you so much
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01652-00346655-00346806 i'm going to ask you two for your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01653-00346807-00347030 one sentence to to finish and sum up for
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01654-00347031-00347134 today before i do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01655-00347135-00347254 it's going to say to those of you who've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01656-00347255-00347358 sent in questions that we haven't
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01657-00347359-00347503 covered i'm
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01658-00347504-00347663 ever so sorry they were fantastic
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01659-00347664-00347815 questions they just didn't make it to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01660-00347816-00347919 the top of the pile
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01661-00347920-00348110 and thank you for the continued chat as
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01662-00348111-00348223 well it's been great to see the other
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01663-00348224-00348358 things you've been up to naked food
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01664-00348359-00348534 products they've been a uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01665-00348535-00348734 a recurring theme in the more recent
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01666-00348735-00348910 chat so thank you for those two
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01667-00348911-00349119 um i'm going to come back to joe and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01668-00349120-00349310 becca for your final final sentence to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01669-00349311-00349478 wrap up and sum up what we've taken away
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01670-00349479-00349551 from today
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01671-00349552-00349934 um rebecca what would be your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01672-00349935-00350295 um i think mine would be
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01673-00350296-00350606 focus on what you can do
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01674-00350607-00350958 not what you can't and connect with
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01675-00350959-00351095 other people in your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01676-00351096-00351454 community and this extended global
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01677-00351455-00351599 community we now know it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01678-00351600-00351887 really easy to talk to and together make
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01679-00351888-00351958 a difference
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01680-00351959-00352271 don't try and do it alone
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01681-00352272-00352623 fantastic and and joe i totally agree
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01682-00352624-00352758 with that and i just say don't
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01683-00352759-00352854 underestimate
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01684-00352855-00353095 the power of your voice and your actions
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01685-00353096-00353295 to inspire other people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01686-00353296-00353503 sometimes it can feel like you know what
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01687-00353504-00353663 difference can i make but actually
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01688-00353664-00353791 collectively
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01689-00353792-00354015 we can all make a really big difference
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01690-00354016-00354230 and don't be shy to share your views
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01691-00354231-00354303 with your
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01692-00354304-00354534 your peers because even if they don't
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01693-00354535-00354654 agree initially
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01694-00354655-00354823 they often come around after a few
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01695-00354824-00355103 gentle nudges
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01696-00355104-00355215 i think i'd add on to that as well you'd
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01697-00355216-00355367 be surprised what people are already
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01698-00355368-00355487 doing so i know that's something i've
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01699-00355488-00355639 certainly started to do over locked down
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01700-00355640-00355775 is share things and people go actually
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01701-00355776-00355910 i'm doing that already
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01702-00355911-00356095 not necessarily the people you would
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01703-00356096-00356215 necessarily tag
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01704-00356216-00356375 with with those either so yeah it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01705-00356376-00356534 definitely a good conversation starter
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01706-00356535-00356687 as well to start that going
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01707-00356688-00356910 brilliant thank you both so much uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01708-00356911-00357006 thank you everyone for listening i'm
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01709-00357007-00357230 going to pass back to sweater to wrap up
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01710-00357231-00357303 for today
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01711-00357304-00357543 over to you thank you sarah thank you
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01712-00357544-00357751 joe and thank you rebecca uh i really
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01713-00357752-00357975 thought the conversation ended in such a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01714-00357976-00358206 good note which fundamentally pushes
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01715-00358207-00358375 people to build a community which is
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01716-00358376-00358534 pretty much what joe and rebecca and
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01717-00358535-00358678 sarah had to say uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01718-00358679-00358854 at the end of the conversation thanks a
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01719-00358855-00359006 lot for your time it was
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01720-00359007-00359239 a very interesting uh conversation
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01721-00359240-00359334 because uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01722-00359335-00359463 like i did mention in the beginning it's
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01723-00359464-00359678 not that we've seen the end of kowitt
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01724-00359679-00359927 but we're actually seeing that we can
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01725-00359928-00360110 all make changes and a lot of people
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01726-00360111-00360230 have been sharing that they have been
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01727-00360231-00360382 making changes as well
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01728-00360383-00360687 so uh just a reminder to the audience
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01729-00360688-00360895 that we have two more webinars happening
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01730-00360896-00360958 next week
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01731-00360959-00361167 please head to our website and you can
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01732-00361168-00361271 sign up there
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01733-00361272-00361439 and also do sign up to our newsletter to
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01734-00361440-00361606 be updated about uh
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01735-00361607-00361895 any future webinars that we we will
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01736-00361896-00362110 organize and sarah is going to moderate
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01737-00362111-00362423 a few more uh panels on bbs twice
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01738-00362424-00362751 so thanks a lot and uh good evening good
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01739-00362752-00362799 afternoon
+ns4f_7pxIyE-01740-00362800-00363424 good morning wherever you're at bye
+nsufTg6KY3I-00000-00000052-00000282 the voiced labiodental stop as a
+nsufTg6KY3I-00001-00000283-00000513 consonant sound produced like a B but
+nsufTg6KY3I-00002-00000514-00000699 with the lower lip contacting the upper
+nsufTg6KY3I-00003-00000700-00001004 teeth as in V this can be represented in
+nsufTg6KY3I-00004-00001005-00001290 the IPA as be a separate symbol that is
+nsufTg6KY3I-00005-00001291-00001499 sometimes seen especially in been to
+nsufTg6KY3I-00006-00001500-00001689 linguistics but not recognized by the
+nsufTg6KY3I-00007-00001689-00002037 IPA is the DB ligature the voiced
+nsufTg6KY3I-00008-00002038-00002232 labiodental stop is not known to be
+nsufTg6KY3I-00009-00002233-00002538 phonemic in any language however it does
+nsufTg6KY3I-00010-00002539-00002814 occur allophonic Li in the Austronesian
+nsufTg6KY3I-00011-00002815-00003048 language Sica this sound occurs as an
+nsufTg6KY3I-00012-00003049-00003246 allophone of the labia dental flap in
+nsufTg6KY3I-00013-00003247-00003440 careful pronunciation the Shin Cunha
+nsufTg6KY3I-00014-00003442-00003690 dialect of Stanga has affricates PF
+nsufTg6KY3I-00015-00003690-00003963 voiceless labiodental affricate and bv
+nsufTg6KY3I-00016-00003964-00004230 voiced labiodental african that is F and
+nsufTg6KY3I-00017-00004231-00004439 V which unlike the bilabial labiodental
+nsufTg6KY3I-00018-00004440-00004737 africa PF of german are purely labia
+nsufTg6KY3I-00019-00004738-00005284 dental
+nsufTg6KY3I-00020-00005285-00005778 topic features
+nsufTg6KY3I-00021-00005779-00006208 features of the voiced labiodental stop
+nsufTg6KY3I-00022-00006209-00006439 it's manner of articulation is occlusive
+nsufTg6KY3I-00023-00006440-00006604 which means it is produced by
+nsufTg6KY3I-00024-00006605-00006823 obstructing airflow in the vocal tract
+nsufTg6KY3I-00025-00006823-00007105 since the consonant is also oral with no
+nsufTg6KY3I-00026-00007106-00007281 nasal outlet the airflow is blocked
+nsufTg6KY3I-00027-00007283-00007506 entirely and the consonant is a stop
+nsufTg6KY3I-00028-00007506-00007792 it's place of articulation as labia
+nsufTg6KY3I-00029-00007793-00007995 dental which means it is articulated
+nsufTg6KY3I-00030-00007997-00008172 with the lower lip in the upper teeth
+nsufTg6KY3I-00031-00008173-00008458 its phonation is voiced which means the
+nsufTg6KY3I-00032-00008459-00008611 vocal cords vibrate during the
+nsufTg6KY3I-00033-00008612-00008914 articulation it is an oral consonant
+nsufTg6KY3I-00034-00008915-00009085 which means air is allowed to escape
+nsufTg6KY3I-00035-00009086-00009358 through the mouth only it is a central
+nsufTg6KY3I-00036-00009359-00009565 consonant which means it is produced by
+nsufTg6KY3I-00037-00009566-00009751 directing the airstream along the center
+nsufTg6KY3I-00038-00009752-00009942 of the tongue rather than to the sides
+nsufTg6KY3I-00039-00009943-00010210 the airstream mechanism is pulmonic
+nsufTg6KY3I-00040-00010211-00010450 which means it is articulated by pushing
+nsufTg6KY3I-00041-00010451-00010606 air solely with the lungs and diaphragm
+nsufTg6KY3I-00042-00010607-00011267 as in most sounds
+nsufTg6KY3I-00043-00011268-00011776 topic occurrence
+nsufTg6KY3I-00044-00011777-00012129 equals equals notes
+nti_RWJPBA4-00000-00000120-00002991 [Music]
+nti_RWJPBA4-00001-00002992-00003200 you
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00000-00000752-00000807 um
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00001-00000808-00001015 good evening everyone i'm long from
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00002-00001016-00001199 international bamboo and ratan
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00003-00001200-00001319 organization
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00004-00001320-00001511 today i will give you some brief
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00005-00001512-00001687 information about bamboo carbon
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00006-00001688-00001823 emissions reduction
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00007-00001823-00002223 through its product and energy
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00008-00002224-00002534 next slide please um
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00009-00002535-00002871 a natural place yeah bamboo is the one
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00010-00002872-00003023 as a farted
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00011-00003024-00003319 growing plants on earth if you plant
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00012-00003320-00003390 bamboo
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00013-00003392-00003638 you can harvest them after three to five
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00014-00003639-00003711 years
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00015-00003711-00003951 and once you have that exam you can keep
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00016-00003952-00004031 on and
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00017-00004032-00004383 annually from a long period can be 30
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00018-00004384-00004463 years
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00019-00004464-00004654 or 100 years or more depending on the
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00020-00004655-00004767 species
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00021-00004768-00005047 and bamboo is relatively easy to manage
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00022-00005048-00005279 and they provide good ecosystem service
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00023-00005280-00005431 as well
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00024-00005432-00005863 next slide please uh in terms of carbon
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00025-00005864-00005943 one hectare
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00026-00005944-00006159 of bamboo forest you can store between
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00027-00006160-00006510 94 to 392 ton of carbon
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00028-00006511-00006719 it is similar to tree plantation and
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00029-00006720-00006910 lower than tropical forest
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00030-00006911-00007334 however could you move much like this
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00031-00007336-00007639 bamboo had other advantages that is
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00032-00007640-00007846 they have very high rate of annual
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00033-00007847-00008046 carbon sequestration
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00034-00008047-00008351 a properly managed some species can
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00035-00008352-00008591 secrete up to 25 ton of carbon per
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00036-00008592-00008735 hectare per year
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00037-00008736-00009006 that is a twice faster than fat growing
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00038-00009007-00009142 trees
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00039-00009143-00009439 next slide please um with your fat
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00040-00009440-00009519 growing
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00041-00009520-00009831 if you collect the bamboo calm and make
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00042-00009832-00010095 into the durable products they can lock
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00043-00010096-00010342 substantial amount of carbon i take
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00044-00010343-00010487 example
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00045-00010488-00010695 our bamboo what do you have bamboo it's
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00046-00010696-00010895 got medium rate growing
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00047-00010896-00011255 if you plunge a bamboo for that and mix
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00048-00011256-00011631 into the product around 40 to 45 percent
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00049-00011632-00011710 of a
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00050-00011711-00011974 biomark can be mixed into durable
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00051-00011975-00012055 product
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00052-00012056-00012359 over a period of 30 years it can lock
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00053-00012360-00012678 up to almost 500 tonne of carbon next
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00054-00012679-00012943 like this
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00055-00012944-00013286 a natural eye please and bamboo can
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00056-00013287-00013383 provide
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00057-00013384-00013630 various form of energy you can burn them
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00058-00013631-00013694 directly
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00059-00013695-00013919 or you can make into the pellets or you
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00060-00013919-00014071 can make bamboo charcoal
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00061-00014072-00014294 or classify them for running electric
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00062-00014295-00014415 cities
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00063-00014416-00014751 uh bamboo ethanol is also relatively new
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00064-00014752-00015111 however they can converge with very high
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00065-00015112-00015183 rates
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00066-00015184-00015543 one ton of dry bamboo can can produce
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00067-00015544-00015919 130 143 liter of ethernode
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00068-00015919-00016103 it's lower than corner court cone is
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00069-00016104-00016311 around 380s
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00070-00016312-00016639 match life please uh
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00071-00016640-00017135 if you a national eye please
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00072-00017136-00017471 if you justify the bamboo uh for example
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00073-00017472-00017558 russia
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00074-00017559-00017855 to produce electricity and substitute
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00075-00017856-00017894 for
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00076-00017895-00018263 rich electricity then over a period of
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00077-00018264-00018358 30 years
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00078-00018359-00018727 you can also review more than 300 tons
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00079-00018728-00018950 of carbon
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00080-00018951-00019367 next slide please so now is here i show
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00081-00019368-00019422 you
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00082-00019423-00019727 some case study from our projects in
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00083-00019728-00020111 africa the third one is in madagascar
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00084-00020112-00020422 in mara raska number many community live
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00085-00020423-00020550 in the remote area
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00086-00020551-00020719 they don't get accepted great
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00087-00020720-00020855 electricity
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00088-00020856-00021167 and where they have to run a diesel for
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00089-00021168-00021350 running electricity from the asian
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00090-00021351-00021478 generator
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00091-00021479-00021830 so we support them with building a small
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00092-00021831-00022135 uh gasification plant which is 25
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00093-00022136-00022263 kilowatt hours
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00094-00022264-00022575 that's enough for 250 household
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00095-00022576-00022830 and daily run for six hours it consumed
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00096-00022831-00023119 180 kilogram of dry bamboo
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00097-00023120-00023407 over the years and then injured case the
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00098-00023408-00023511 community needs
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00099-00023512-00023878 dependent species in between 1.5 to 3
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00100-00023879-00024319 hectare
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00101-00024320-00024583 whole community running and they can
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00102-00024584-00024903 save around 28 turn up carbon poise yes
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00103-00024904-00025319 next slide
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00104-00025320-00025583 in please where deforestation is
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00105-00025584-00025687 serviced
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00106-00025688-00026062 it's a big driver before rotation
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00107-00026063-00026335 is uh having good for making good
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00108-00026336-00026407 charcoal
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00109-00026408-00026727 government try to manage however it has
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00110-00026727-00026918 because more than 90 percent of
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00111-00026919-00027167 population depend on wood circle for
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00112-00027168-00027262 cooking
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00113-00027263-00027574 so what we come home help it first to
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00114-00027575-00027831 you bamboo restores decorated land
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00115-00027832-00028046 and helps the people on set up
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00116-00028047-00028270 enterprise to make bamboo products like
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00117-00028272-00028455 bamboo furniture handy crap
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00118-00028456-00028679 all the bamboo which helped to shut up
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00119-00028680-00028902 bamboo making bamboo charcoal
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00120-00028904-00029143 in secret the local people have bamboo
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00121-00029144-00029231 charcoal
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00122-00029232-00029407 they don't depend on the good charcoal
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00123-00029408-00029599 it reduces uh
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00124-00029600-00029814 there's a threat to the forest at the
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00125-00029816-00030055 same time it provides up for the people
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00126-00030056-00030335 especially women and children and
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00127-00030336-00030511 provide income for family
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00128-00030512-00030846 a family can earn around 200 per month
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00129-00030847-00030902 from
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00130-00030903-00031167 making and selling bamboo charcoal so is
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00131-00031168-00031351 it my next one is a final my
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00132-00031352-00031655 conclusion um yes
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00133-00031656-00031958 bamboo energy can help reduce rotation
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00134-00031960-00032183 and degradation can save the carbon
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00135-00032183-00032311 emissions
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00136-00032312-00032631 emission and bamboo can had a high
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00137-00032632-00032767 potential for
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00138-00032768-00033071 uh energy especially for community and
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00139-00033072-00033143 people
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00140-00033144-00033623 in the remote area my recommendation
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00141-00033624-00033823 is further research on economic
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00142-00033824-00033974 visibilities for
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00143-00033975-00034343 different operational skill
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00144-00034344-00034646 of the bamboo energy producer and second
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00145-00034647-00034879 one is to promote bamboo energy for
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00146-00034880-00035031 wider application
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00147-00035032-00035367 through awareness racing uh creating
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00148-00035368-00035630 enabling policy environment and
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00149-00035631-00035887 facilitating financial cooperation
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00150-00035888-00036483 and technology transfer thank you very
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00151-00036484-00036815 much
+nuFV3lAYkjg-00152-00036816-00037024 you
+nw7lVHTxST0-00000-00000000-00000182 if you want to post instagram reels from
+nw7lVHTxST0-00001-00000183-00000383 your pc or mac i'm going to show you how
+nw7lVHTxST0-00002-00000384-00000655 to do this for free in the video hey
+nw7lVHTxST0-00003-00000656-00000854 guys my name is ben from ben's guide and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00004-00000855-00001031 if you've got five minutes i can show
+nw7lVHTxST0-00005-00001032-00001231 you how to post instagram reels and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00006-00001232-00001407 you'll be able to do this completely
+nw7lVHTxST0-00007-00001408-00001702 free from your pc or your mac start by
+nw7lVHTxST0-00008-00001703-00001975 opening up google chrome browser and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00009-00001976-00002175 then you want to type in the word insist
+nw7lVHTxST0-00010-00002176-00002502 which is i n double s ist
+nw7lVHTxST0-00011-00002503-00002631 press enter
+nw7lVHTxST0-00012-00002632-00002863 and then don't click on the first option
+nw7lVHTxST0-00013-00002864-00003071 but click on the second option which
+nw7lVHTxST0-00014-00003072-00003406 will say chrome.google.com
+nw7lVHTxST0-00015-00003407-00003551 the reason we're doing this is because
+nw7lVHTxST0-00016-00003552-00003775 we're going direct to the chrome web
+nw7lVHTxST0-00017-00003776-00004086 store now i already have this
+nw7lVHTxST0-00018-00004087-00004367 on my pc because it's brilliant and it's
+nw7lVHTxST0-00019-00004368-00004591 free so you can actually do that by
+nw7lVHTxST0-00020-00004592-00004767 clicking on this blue button it says
+nw7lVHTxST0-00021-00004768-00005015 remove from chrome for me but i already
+nw7lVHTxST0-00022-00005016-00005151 have it that's why it's asking if i want
+nw7lVHTxST0-00023-00005152-00005359 to remove it or not for you it's going
+nw7lVHTxST0-00024-00005360-00005654 to say add extension so click on that
+nw7lVHTxST0-00025-00005655-00005886 and add the extension when you've done
+nw7lVHTxST0-00026-00005887-00006167 so it's going to show up on this area
+nw7lVHTxST0-00027-00006168-00006422 here which is in your extensions
+nw7lVHTxST0-00028-00006423-00006695 click it open it up and then click on
+nw7lVHTxST0-00029-00006695-00007006 insist
+nw7lVHTxST0-00030-00007008-00007191 when this opens up it's going to ask you
+nw7lVHTxST0-00031-00007192-00007423 to log into instagram of course
+nw7lVHTxST0-00032-00007423-00007614 and all you need to do is go ahead and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00033-00007615-00007942 log in so just add your details
+nw7lVHTxST0-00034-00007943-00008159 and click login
+nw7lVHTxST0-00035-00008159-00008319 then the last thing you need to do is
+nw7lVHTxST0-00036-00008320-00008527 just enter the security code which will
+nw7lVHTxST0-00037-00008528-00008735 get sent to your mobile
+nw7lVHTxST0-00038-00008736-00008903 that you signed up to your instagram
+nw7lVHTxST0-00039-00008904-00009159 account with so grab your phone check
+nw7lVHTxST0-00040-00009160-00009303 your message
+nw7lVHTxST0-00041-00009304-00009471 like i'm going to do now where's my
+nw7lVHTxST0-00042-00009472-00009671 phone here's my phone and then you just
+nw7lVHTxST0-00043-00009672-00009878 add in the number
+nw7lVHTxST0-00044-00009879-00010231 which is the security code
+nw7lVHTxST0-00045-00010232-00010495 and click confirm
+nw7lVHTxST0-00046-00010496-00010695 now this is going to sign you in to
+nw7lVHTxST0-00047-00010696-00010814 instagram
+nw7lVHTxST0-00048-00010815-00011095 through the insist app
+nw7lVHTxST0-00049-00011096-00011374 on your pc which is great this is where
+nw7lVHTxST0-00050-00011375-00011519 all the magic is going to happen now
+nw7lVHTxST0-00051-00011520-00011623 guys so
+nw7lVHTxST0-00052-00011624-00011767 quickly i want to show you what this app
+nw7lVHTxST0-00053-00011768-00011983 can do before i show you how to upload
+nw7lVHTxST0-00054-00011984-00012319 reels from your pc on the left hand side
+nw7lVHTxST0-00055-00012320-00012535 you can check direct messages so i can
+nw7lVHTxST0-00056-00012536-00012783 click here look at my messages i can
+nw7lVHTxST0-00057-00012784-00012927 reply to them
+nw7lVHTxST0-00058-00012928-00013151 and i can check them here then i can go
+nw7lVHTxST0-00059-00013152-00013279 down and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00060-00013280-00013471 click on post assistant which shows me
+nw7lVHTxST0-00061-00013472-00013655 exactly how my posts have been
+nw7lVHTxST0-00062-00013656-00013894 performing recently so i can click on
+nw7lVHTxST0-00063-00013895-00014127 this area to check that out if i want to
+nw7lVHTxST0-00064-00014128-00014375 then i can go on to hashtags and this is
+nw7lVHTxST0-00065-00014376-00014583 great because you can actually do some
+nw7lVHTxST0-00066-00014584-00014791 hashtag research here
+nw7lVHTxST0-00067-00014791-00015022 which instagram have actually added an
+nw7lVHTxST0-00068-00015023-00015207 update about recently so that's quite
+nw7lVHTxST0-00069-00015208-00015471 important and you can actually check out
+nw7lVHTxST0-00070-00015472-00015703 which ones i've got kind of high search
+nw7lVHTxST0-00071-00015704-00015855 and which ones would perform well for
+nw7lVHTxST0-00072-00015856-00016127 you so really handy if you're into that
+nw7lVHTxST0-00073-00016128-00016263 kind of thing there
+nw7lVHTxST0-00074-00016263-00016479 let's just click this off and go to what
+nw7lVHTxST0-00075-00016480-00016694 we see in front of us which is this
+nw7lVHTxST0-00076-00016695-00016799 awesome
+nw7lVHTxST0-00077-00016800-00017047 little extension and it's just the same
+nw7lVHTxST0-00078-00017048-00017199 as what you would experience on your
+nw7lVHTxST0-00079-00017200-00017463 mobile phone and it's free i love that
+nw7lVHTxST0-00080-00017464-00017735 it's free yes you do have a pro version
+nw7lVHTxST0-00081-00017736-00017927 but most of you are not going to need it
+nw7lVHTxST0-00082-00017928-00018071 you can check that out if you want to
+nw7lVHTxST0-00083-00018072-00018286 but for the sake of this tutorial
+nw7lVHTxST0-00084-00018287-00018527 uploading reels it's free so don't worry
+nw7lVHTxST0-00085-00018528-00018814 about it
+nw7lVHTxST0-00086-00018815-00019135 okay so now let's choose reels this is
+nw7lVHTxST0-00087-00019136-00019319 what we're here for right to show you
+nw7lVHTxST0-00088-00019320-00019543 guys how to upload reels so we've chose
+nw7lVHTxST0-00089-00019544-00019799 reels and it's going to pick a file from
+nw7lVHTxST0-00090-00019800-00020263 our computer
+nw7lVHTxST0-00091-00020264-00020494 so just go ahead choose the file that
+nw7lVHTxST0-00092-00020495-00020830 you want to add so for me it's this one
+nw7lVHTxST0-00093-00020831-00020991 and click open
+nw7lVHTxST0-00094-00020992-00021127 and when you've done that it's going to
+nw7lVHTxST0-00095-00021128-00021255 load the reel
+nw7lVHTxST0-00096-00021256-00021455 straight in here like this so now we've
+nw7lVHTxST0-00097-00021456-00021647 got this here we can go ahead and click
+nw7lVHTxST0-00098-00021648-00021847 next
+nw7lVHTxST0-00099-00021848-00022207 okay so now we're here we can actually
+nw7lVHTxST0-00100-00022208-00022519 check out things like auto cover frame
+nw7lVHTxST0-00101-00022520-00022663 and things like that which is really
+nw7lVHTxST0-00102-00022664-00022799 good so
+nw7lVHTxST0-00103-00022800-00023014 what i want to do is i want to pick a
+nw7lVHTxST0-00104-00023015-00023119 cover
+nw7lVHTxST0-00105-00023120-00023335 for my video this is so it's going to
+nw7lVHTxST0-00106-00023336-00023511 hopefully grab people's attention and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00107-00023512-00023711 now click through to the reel so i can
+nw7lVHTxST0-00108-00023712-00023919 choose one of these frames here so i'm
+nw7lVHTxST0-00109-00023920-00024199 just going to choose this one i think
+nw7lVHTxST0-00110-00024200-00024294 there
+nw7lVHTxST0-00111-00024295-00024591 so that's going to be my cover and and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00112-00024592-00024822 now i can go ahead and start adding in
+nw7lVHTxST0-00113-00024823-00025119 my details so i can just add in some
+nw7lVHTxST0-00114-00025120-00025271 description
+nw7lVHTxST0-00115-00025272-00025734 um something like room with a view
+nw7lVHTxST0-00116-00025735-00025999 and now i can start adding in hashtags
+nw7lVHTxST0-00117-00026000-00026223 now the really cool thing here is
+nw7lVHTxST0-00118-00026224-00026487 that the hashtag assistant on this is
+nw7lVHTxST0-00119-00026488-00026646 really useful
+nw7lVHTxST0-00120-00026647-00026846 so you can click on hashtag assistant
+nw7lVHTxST0-00121-00026847-00027031 and you can start searching for hashtags
+nw7lVHTxST0-00122-00027032-00027167 which might be
+nw7lVHTxST0-00123-00027168-00027487 really good for this specific video or
+nw7lVHTxST0-00124-00027488-00027711 real and you can choose from things
+nw7lVHTxST0-00125-00027712-00027967 which have a high search
+nw7lVHTxST0-00126-00027968-00028151 or a very high search as you can see
+nw7lVHTxST0-00127-00028152-00028407 here and you've got all this information
+nw7lVHTxST0-00128-00028408-00028631 in these hashtags which you can use so
+nw7lVHTxST0-00129-00028632-00028799 i'm going to grab
+nw7lVHTxST0-00130-00028800-00029046 this one which is landscape photography
+nw7lVHTxST0-00131-00029047-00029302 and it says medium engagement
+nw7lVHTxST0-00132-00029304-00029551 and it shows you the average likes on
+nw7lVHTxST0-00133-00029552-00029679 top posts
+nw7lVHTxST0-00134-00029680-00029870 it just gives you some really good
+nw7lVHTxST0-00135-00029872-00030111 information to enable you to pick the
+nw7lVHTxST0-00136-00030112-00030351 right hashtags so for me i'm going to go
+nw7lVHTxST0-00137-00030352-00030470 to hi
+nw7lVHTxST0-00138-00030472-00030839 i'm going to go to some nature i think
+nw7lVHTxST0-00139-00030839-00031127 which is a really generic one
+nw7lVHTxST0-00140-00031127-00031270 um
+nw7lVHTxST0-00141-00031272-00031502 and then i'm going to go to
+nw7lVHTxST0-00142-00031503-00031662 let's have a look at this one here best
+nw7lVHTxST0-00143-00031663-00031831 places to go that's got very high
+nw7lVHTxST0-00144-00031832-00031967 engagement
+nw7lVHTxST0-00145-00031968-00032079 it's got
+nw7lVHTxST0-00146-00032080-00032287 really high likes average likes on the
+nw7lVHTxST0-00147-00032288-00032551 posts and comments so let's go for that
+nw7lVHTxST0-00148-00032552-00032735 and it's actually kind of quite relevant
+nw7lVHTxST0-00149-00032736-00032879 because this is a really nice place to
+nw7lVHTxST0-00150-00032880-00033118 go so you can do it this way this is a
+nw7lVHTxST0-00151-00033119-00033374 really good way to help you to pick the
+nw7lVHTxST0-00152-00033375-00033639 right hashtags for your post and i'm
+nw7lVHTxST0-00153-00033640-00033783 finally just going to go and add in
+nw7lVHTxST0-00154-00033784-00033974 amazing destination here
+nw7lVHTxST0-00155-00033975-00034159 so i've cut of course this is just a
+nw7lVHTxST0-00156-00034160-00034343 quick way of showing you how to do it
+nw7lVHTxST0-00157-00034344-00034462 i'm not going to go into anything
+nw7lVHTxST0-00158-00034463-00034607 everything and then you can just go
+nw7lVHTxST0-00159-00034608-00034815 ahead here and you can go ahead and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00160-00034816-00034918 share
+nw7lVHTxST0-00161-00034919-00035174 so this will then share it to your
+nw7lVHTxST0-00162-00035175-00035415 instagram reels and this is going to be
+nw7lVHTxST0-00163-00035416-00035671 something which you can use every single
+nw7lVHTxST0-00164-00035672-00035759 time
+nw7lVHTxST0-00165-00035760-00036062 on your pc and mac now hopefully you
+nw7lVHTxST0-00166-00036063-00036318 found this video useful guys if you have
+nw7lVHTxST0-00167-00036319-00036551 please hit that subscribe button and hit
+nw7lVHTxST0-00168-00036552-00036727 like because that would mean a bunch to
+nw7lVHTxST0-00169-00036728-00036959 me and help the video perform better
+nw7lVHTxST0-00170-00036960-00037111 show more people out there with this
+nw7lVHTxST0-00171-00037112-00037390 simba problem how to get around it guys
+nw7lVHTxST0-00172-00037391-00037511 i hope you've enjoyed the video and
+nw7lVHTxST0-00173-00037512-00037662 whatever you do for the rest of the day
+nw7lVHTxST0-00174-00037663-00037823 make sure it's a good one and i'll see
+nw7lVHTxST0-00175-00037824-00038088 you in the next video
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00000-00000000-00002175 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00001-00002176-00003098 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00002-00003099-00003672 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00003-00003673-00003950 take you
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00004-00003951-00004081 James's stars
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00005-00004082-00004577 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00006-00004578-00005276 we do
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00007-00005277-00005661 the reason and
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00008-00005662-00006101 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00009-00006102-00006356 letting the tree
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00010-00006357-00006584 yours and mine
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00011-00006584-00007409 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00012-00007409-00007837 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00013-00007838-00008713 [Applause]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00014-00008714-00010408 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00015-00010409-00010629 [Applause]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00016-00010630-00010841 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00017-00010842-00011009 [Applause]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00018-00011010-00012737 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00019-00012738-00013742 strong in every sense
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00020-00013743-00013896 Jane's a star
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00021-00013897-00014426 [Music]
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00022-00014427-00014474 wait
+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00023-00014475-00016735 [Music]
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+nzjRv0Ubu8o-00029-00023163-00023369 you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00000-00001048-00001254 all right thanks tim and i guess it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00001-00001255-00001558 fitting that i follow steve but i i do
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00002-00001559-00001814 feel he he did me just a bit of a a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00003-00001816-00002023 disservice earlier in his comments in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00004-00002023-00002183 his talk i think he skipped the fact
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00005-00002184-00002487 that i'm actually a citizen of two ex uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00006-00002488-00002742 oversee uk overseas territories not just
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00007-00002743-00002958 the ones so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00008-00002959-00003215 anyway i i'm talking about the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00009-00003215-00003454 atlas of living australia's monitoring
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00010-00003455-00003663 evaluation reporting and improvement
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00011-00003664-00004006 tool and i i have tried to signify with
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+nAwp-5fsD-y-00013-00004200-00004367 just talking about work that some other
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00014-00004368-00004567 people have done here
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00015-00004568-00004735 so i just want to
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+nAwp-5fsD-y-00017-00005128-00005367 beauty now what this merit tool is it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00018-00005368-00005575 an initiative that was done in
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+nAwp-5fsD-y-00020-00005776-00005927 australian government
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00021-00005928-00006102 department of environment this is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00022-00006103-00006295 something that directly is done to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00023-00006296-00006542 respond to government needs that's it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00024-00006543-00006910 trying to link biodiversity information
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00025-00006911-00007063 with government investment and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00026-00007064-00007270 conservation activities so that they
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00027-00007272-00007470 could start monitoring the effect of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00028-00007472-00007703 their investment in certain areas
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00029-00007704-00007934 looking at activities people talk about
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00030-00007936-00008142 you know what we're trying to do but our
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00031-00008143-00008351 is actually what we're trying to do
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00032-00008352-00008542 effective in terms of conservation well
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00033-00008543-00008671 we're trying to link some of these
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00034-00008672-00008974 activities up so we can see that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00035-00008975-00009151 and why do you know it comes back i
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00036-00009152-00009310 really like the science review i think
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00037-00009311-00009495 you guys have done a fantastic job with
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00038-00009496-00009646 that it comes back to addressing the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00039-00009647-00009846 questions of why do people want this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00040-00009847-00010078 gbif like data in the first place and if
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00041-00010079-00010278 you look at the contents and and the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00042-00010279-00010567 various lists of contents basically
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00043-00010568-00010791 you know a lot of it is about i think we
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00044-00010792-00010991 probably all feel this in our hearts
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00045-00010992-00011191 it's really about this kind of it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00046-00011192-00011438 preserving and managing sustainable
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00047-00011439-00011671 environments into the future this is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00048-00011672-00011846 what we want to do this is this is what
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00049-00011847-00012110 we really really buy into it we're all
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00050-00012111-00012303 really excited about it or this is why
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00051-00012304-00012478 we're doing a lot of stuff
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00052-00012479-00012631 and we're not the only ones the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00053-00012632-00012855 australian government is investing quite
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00054-00012856-00013071 heavily in this area of environmental
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00055-00013072-00013255 sustainability
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00056-00013256-00013447 and just over the last five years it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00057-00013447-00013779 put about two billion dollars into over
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00058-00013780-00014038 750 different projects
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00059-00014040-00014255 various areas of natural resource
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00060-00014256-00014430 management conservation these kind of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00061-00014431-00014638 activities
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00062-00014640-00014822 one of the problems that they've come to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00063-00014823-00015071 realize and are quite properly trying to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00064-00015072-00015303 address in a very positive manner is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00065-00015304-00015430 that these projects have been a bit
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00066-00015431-00015575 uncoordinated there's been no
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00067-00015576-00015766 coordination of the information coming
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00068-00015768-00015943 out of this projects
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00069-00015944-00016150 to some extent the data management and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00070-00016151-00016286 standards have been left to the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00071-00016287-00016479 individual projects to kind of work out
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00072-00016480-00016703 as they go forward and the reporting
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00073-00016704-00016903 mechanisms your reports come back on
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00074-00016904-00017239 these projects in a variety of ways but
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00075-00017240-00017486 basically usually not with with
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00076-00017487-00017694 electronic data that's easy to pick up
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00077-00017695-00017967 and sharing for other people to use
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00078-00017968-00018158 so this is what they've kind of wanted
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00079-00018159-00018263 to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00080-00018264-00018463 a problem they wanted to address this is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00081-00018464-00018679 what we're responding to with this tool
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00082-00018680-00018871 it is the start of a journey it's up
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00083-00018872-00019063 it's working but it is the start of the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00084-00019064-00019247 journey we're going to be refining it as
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00085-00019248-00019399 we go forward
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00086-00019400-00019663 uh what this tool does is it allows
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00087-00019664-00019886 grant recipients to record and upload
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00088-00019887-00020094 data about what they're doing on a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00089-00020095-00020350 continual basis they're just keep keep
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00090-00020351-00020614 it it lets them keep going up
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00091-00020615-00020935 it enables online submission of reports
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00092-00020936-00021094 and the reporting and it's all in line
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00093-00021095-00021271 with the australian government standards
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00094-00021272-00021471 around re reporting
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00095-00021472-00021655 it's it's enhancing the reporting
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00096-00021656-00021935 process by allowing simpler and yet more
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00097-00021936-00022175 uh complete complete uh project and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00098-00022176-00022375 activity recordings the variety of type
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00099-00022376-00022639 of things we do
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00100-00022640-00022847 it's increasing information sharing
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00101-00022848-00023030 within the nrm communities national
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00102-00023031-00023230 resource management communities and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00103-00023231-00023407 between them and the broader public and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00104-00023408-00023607 because it's increasing this information
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00105-00023608-00023886 sharing it's enabling further research
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00106-00023887-00024167 into the contributions outcomes of this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00107-00024168-00024342 investment in australian biodiversity
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00108-00024343-00024494 conservation so this is really
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00109-00024495-00024694 responding to to the government saying
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00110-00024695-00024855 we're putting a lot of money out there
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00111-00024856-00025022 is it working is what we're doing
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00112-00025023-00025239 actually working how can we see if
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00113-00025240-00025558 there's any effect
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00114-00025559-00025670 so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00115-00025672-00025862 again like i say measures the outputs
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00116-00025863-00026031 and outcomes supports government
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00117-00026032-00026239 activities it's cutting a lot of both
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00118-00026239-00026527 red and green tape it's providing tools
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00119-00026527-00026711 not only is it taking these this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00120-00026712-00026895 information but it's providing tools for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00121-00026895-00027102 analysis and discovery both within and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00122-00027104-00027262 across projects
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00123-00027263-00027414 and it's providing some meaningful
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00124-00027416-00027614 aggregation in terms of spatial and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00125-00027616-00027870 temporal consistency consistency and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00126-00027872-00028055 terminology okay we have our tadwig
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00127-00028056-00028183 standards but this is around the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00128-00028183-00028343 terminology of the conservation
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00129-00028344-00028583 activities and it's providing forms of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00130-00028583-00028783 consistent data capture
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00131-00028783-00029055 now i don't want to really go on i don't
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00132-00029056-00029214 need let's say i don't want to i don't
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00133-00029216-00029455 need to go on and explain to anyone in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00134-00029456-00029679 this room the value of aggregated data
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00135-00029680-00029870 the only thing i will add is is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00136-00029872-00030174 surprises down at the bottom and i think
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00137-00030175-00030335 it's worth mentioning one of the things
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00138-00030336-00030535 we've always felt with the atlas ever
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00139-00030536-00030718 since the first start is you know we're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00140-00030719-00030870 getting something right
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00141-00030872-00031062 when somebody we've never heard of comes
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00142-00031063-00031199 in and does something we never thought
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00143-00031200-00031399 of with the data so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00144-00031400-00031655 that's one of the real values of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00145-00031656-00031839 coming in and aggregating data is you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00146-00031839-00031967 know you're getting it right when all of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00147-00031968-00032158 a sudden someone's you're going hey look
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00148-00032160-00032358 at what they did yeah and it's something
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00149-00032360-00032543 you'd never heard of or thought of it so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00150-00032544-00032799 we like surprises
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00151-00032800-00033039 so this is what the tool looks like i i
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00152-00033040-00033215 bottled out at the end and decided not
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00153-00033216-00033462 to try and do this live uh so we're just
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00154-00033463-00033559 going to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00155-00033560-00033735 take a look at it this is this is the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00156-00033736-00033927 front page this is what it looks like
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00157-00033928-00034223 you can see a map of australia with lots
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00158-00034224-00034543 of dots on it there's about 750 projects
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00159-00034544-00034711 but there's more dots
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00160-00034712-00034918 because actually projects have often
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00161-00034919-00035102 more than one site involved with them
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00162-00035103-00035279 and you've got some filters on the left
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00163-00035280-00035462 there you can see there's filters by
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00164-00035463-00035599 organization
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00165-00035600-00035783 state management areas you could start
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00166-00035784-00035974 coming in and sorting and seeing what's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00167-00035975-00036190 in any given area the type of projects
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00168-00036191-00036423 that you have so here for example i
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00169-00036424-00036590 don't know if you can read this or not
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00170-00036591-00036799 but basically here here's all the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00171-00036800-00036990 projects in this one management area
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00172-00036991-00037230 which is the south australian murray
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00173-00037231-00037502 darling basin projects so we first we
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00174-00037503-00037695 cut in and we say this is just in this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00175-00037696-00037943 one area we now filter that again with
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00176-00037944-00038199 all the uh the invasive species projects
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00177-00038200-00038383 in this area and you can start coming in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00178-00038384-00038630 very quickly you can look at what type
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00179-00038631-00038799 of things are happening in any given
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00180-00038800-00038983 area and then you can sort through
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00181-00038984-00039190 things and pick areas of interest or
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00182-00039191-00039367 things that you want to do
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00183-00039368-00039446 this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00184-00039447-00039790 is the overall
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00185-00039791-00039999 higher level entry into the merit tool
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00186-00040000-00040207 so this is an aggregation of all the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00187-00040208-00040367 projects that are happening under
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00188-00040368-00040567 underneath it
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00189-00040568-00040735 rather than individual projects so we
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00190-00040736-00040927 can come to projects again you can come
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00191-00040928-00041151 here on the projects and you could start
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00192-00041152-00041367 looking there's there's you can see
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00193-00041368-00041655 there's 780 projects or something here
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00194-00041656-00041830 so there's a great many projects and you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00195-00041831-00041999 can sort through and pick out individual
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00196-00042000-00042230 ones if you wish to but the dashboard
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00197-00042231-00042399 then goes and lets you come through and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00198-00042400-00042630 take a look at
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00199-00042631-00042846 summary statistics of the activities
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00200-00042847-00043039 that have been taking place across any
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00201-00043040-00043183 of the reporting themes so you can see
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00202-00043184-00043343 the reporting things are things like
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00203-00043344-00043535 biodiversity management community
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00204-00043536-00043646 engagement
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00205-00043647-00043911 uh i've just taken one to say here's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00206-00043912-00044127 invasive species so here's the invasive
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00207-00044128-00044383 species for animals and you cut excuse
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00208-00044384-00044630 me come in it just starts breaking down
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00209-00044631-00044790 so it's automatically breaking these
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00210-00044791-00045039 down all the time in terms of and you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00211-00045040-00045174 won't be able to read it but this is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00212-00045175-00045311 just what it looks like if you go
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00213-00045312-00045471 through and look at all these things you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00214-00045472-00045671 can kind of see what kind of treatments
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00215-00045672-00045846 being involved for these animals what's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00216-00045847-00046071 taking place what are being treated you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00217-00046072-00046239 know what your targets are so this is a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00218-00046240-00046423 kind of summary statistics that we get
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00219-00046424-00046646 across all the projects
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00220-00046647-00046918 now any individual project will have a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00221-00046919-00047183 its own little website it's or its own
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00222-00047184-00047399 little spot where it does its project
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00223-00047400-00047551 management and all this project
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00224-00047552-00047718 management is linked to what it said
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00225-00047719-00047839 it's going to do
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00226-00047840-00048102 in its project proposal which ultimately
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00227-00048103-00048327 gets funded so they've said we're going
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00228-00048328-00048599 to do abc and now we're going to manage
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00229-00048600-00048846 that that doing of abc through here you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00230-00048847-00049023 can see that there's an approved funding
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00231-00049024-00049239 of about 1.6 million dollars for this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00232-00049240-00049335 project
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00233-00049336-00049574 this is the the the landing page for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00234-00049575-00049783 this project and you can see there's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00235-00049784-00049990 down on the bottom there's room for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00236-00049991-00050207 pictures this is what that each project
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00237-00050208-00050383 could manage to do what they want with
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00238-00050384-00050615 it you know it's public facing you can
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00239-00050616-00050783 put as many pictures as you want there's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00240-00050784-00050967 project documents you've got room for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00241-00050968-00051190 news and events lots of things you could
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00242-00051191-00051326 do here to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00243-00051327-00051575 very much personalize this but then you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00244-00051576-00051758 can come in and start
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00245-00051759-00051902 looking at other things so here's your
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00246-00051903-00052142 plans and reports tab and this basically
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00247-00052144-00052350 takes every project that was listed that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00248-00052351-00052494 you said you were going to do every
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00249-00052495-00052647 activity
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00250-00052648-00052838 and and listen there here's your action
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00251-00052839-00052959 you're supposed to have done it by a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00252-00052960-00053166 certain date and in this case they've
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00253-00053167-00053311 all been finished
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00254-00053312-00053454 there are different type of projects you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00255-00053455-00053582 got to get the launch you got to get
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00256-00053583-00053766 contracts out
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00257-00053767-00054023 all finished reports been uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00258-00054024-00054326 approved and and there it's done moving
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00259-00054327-00054542 down you know stage one stage two are
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00260-00054544-00054694 all completed finished now we're into
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00261-00054695-00054919 stage three this is the current stage
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00262-00054920-00055103 that's going on as you can see the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00263-00055104-00055311 projects are either planned or started
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00264-00055312-00055487 but as someone does something they come
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00265-00055488-00055615 in they said they're going to do it they
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00266-00055616-00055894 come in they do it they check it off and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00267-00055895-00056071 that's all part of the approval process
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00268-00056072-00056238 and it you know the government auditors
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00269-00056239-00056399 can see it everyone can see it just
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00270-00056400-00056582 makes it very easy for people to track
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00271-00056583-00056687 these
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00272-00056688-00056982 we also have all the uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00273-00056983-00057223 the sites available here so you can come
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00274-00057224-00057519 into any given site that's being used in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00275-00057520-00057726 this project you can pick one for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00276-00057727-00057879 example we're just going to pick one of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00277-00057879-00057982 the sides
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00278-00057983-00058407 you can't see it too well
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00279-00058408-00058575 it's that one it doesn't highlight very
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00280-00058576-00058791 well but at this site you can see this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00281-00058791-00058982 gives you information about this site it
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00282-00058983-00059223 tells you what it is it gives you some
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00283-00059224-00059447 information it lists all the projects
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00284-00059448-00059615 associated with this site which is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00285-00059616-00059807 actually just in this case just this one
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00286-00059808-00060015 but there could be five or ten different
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00287-00060016-00060247 projects associated with the same side
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00288-00060248-00060535 if it's a national park or something
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00289-00060536-00060719 and it allows you to put share points up
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00290-00060720-00060911 for the site lists all the activities in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00291-00060912-00061103 this case a weed treatment these are all
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00292-00061104-00061238 the kind of things that you could do so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00293-00061239-00061542 it's kind of almost very complete uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00294-00061544-00061735 project management for this one of the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00295-00061736-00061919 things you can now do with this site is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00296-00061920-00062135 you can view it in our spatial portal
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00297-00062136-00062359 which means you can actually go click
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00298-00062360-00062550 click that button there and you flick
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00299-00062551-00062759 right into the atlas spatial portal
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00300-00062760-00062975 which not only then lets you look at all
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00301-00062976-00063119 the records that you've collected for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00302-00063120-00063294 this site but all the records that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00303-00063295-00063479 anyone else in australia has ever
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00304-00063479-00063735 collected for that site and and put them
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00305-00063736-00064006 in there with with analysis tools
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00306-00064007-00064119 and again
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00307-00064120-00064287 dashboard these this fairly
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00308-00064288-00064511 uninteresting because it's all around
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00309-00064512-00064711 you know single activities or something
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00310-00064712-00064854 but this is the idea of you have
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00311-00064855-00064999 dashboard
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00312-00065000-00065159 for your project that you can go ahead
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00313-00065160-00065319 and see how you're tracking
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00314-00065320-00065567 this just another project that i'm
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00315-00065568-00065767 picking for but again
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00316-00065768-00065967 lots of documents news and events
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00317-00065968-00066167 highlights of upcoming activities
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00318-00066168-00066279 pictures
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00319-00066280-00066550 this has got some actual outputs so you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00320-00066551-00066750 can see right at the top there are some
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00321-00066751-00066919 output targets that these people said
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00322-00066920-00067094 they'd done so on the right that's about
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00323-00067095-00067287 what they said they were going to do 120
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00324-00067288-00067535 hectares of weed treatment well they've
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00325-00067536-00067799 already done 152 bam that project yeah
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00326-00067800-00067982 they've hit their target on the left
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00327-00067983-00068159 they've just started not so well yet but
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00328-00068160-00068487 they said they put in a 160 000 plants
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00329-00068488-00068599 they were going to put it they've only
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00330-00068600-00068823 put 6 000 did but you can track that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00331-00068824-00069006 it's very easy for someone to come along
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00332-00069007-00069238 and say well you said by this date you'd
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00333-00069239-00069447 have that many in that's how many you're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00334-00069448-00069663 in you know it makes tracking these
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00335-00069664-00069903 projects from a government standpoint
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00336-00069904-00070082 very very
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00337-00070083-00070326 easy now
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00338-00070327-00070582 in order to enable and make this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00339-00070583-00070806 a bit easier for people to use it and a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00340-00070807-00070991 bit easier for people that use not only
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00341-00070992-00071191 inputting data but but in looking at
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00342-00071192-00071415 things later we have a lot of different
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00343-00071416-00071719 activity-based forms so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00344-00071720-00071950 there's 36 of them for covering a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00345-00071951-00072150 variety of activities that you would use
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00346-00072151-00072303 in natural resource management or
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00347-00072304-00072543 conservation like biodiversity
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00348-00072544-00072694 assessments you could you can read them
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00349-00072695-00072815 you can see what we're talking about
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00350-00072816-00073006 here these forms are consistent in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00351-00073007-00073271 terminology and standards so this is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00352-00073272-00073494 just a home page for a demo project just
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00353-00073495-00073719 to show what it'll look like but if you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00354-00073720-00074159 go then now to the activities tab here
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00355-00074160-00074343 and you come up with this is the kind of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00356-00074344-00074487 things i was showing earlier so you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00357-00074488-00074679 could just pick an activity from among
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00358-00074680-00074831 here and say let's let's look at what
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00359-00074832-00074999 this forms these are just the sample
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00360-00075000-00075311 forms so here's a a fire management form
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00361-00075312-00075559 as an example so a person's going to do
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00362-00075560-00075767 some fire management in their area under
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00363-00075768-00075999 their project it could be
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00364-00076000-00076262 controlled burns it could be
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00365-00076263-00076487 whatever but this gives you a chance to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00366-00076488-00076726 record that activity it could be that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00367-00076727-00076919 this is an accidental burn but you still
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00368-00076920-00077062 want to know that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00369-00077063-00077287 in terms of understanding how your
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00370-00077288-00077431 project is tracking that this has
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00371-00077432-00077655 happened here so this allows you to to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00372-00077656-00077862 to record this activity
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00373-00077863-00078087 see if i can
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00374-00078088-00078375 no not working too well never mind uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00375-00078376-00078606 you can see you can choose your major
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00376-00078607-00078782 theme you've got a start date an end
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00377-00078783-00078911 date whether it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00378-00078912-00079111 started or not and you could come in and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00379-00079112-00079343 there's a lot of detail so your ignition
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00380-00079344-00079519 source if you hit that you drop it down
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00381-00079520-00079775 it could be lightning it could be arson
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00382-00079776-00079879 it could be
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00383-00079880-00080135 you know a you know someone just
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00384-00080136-00080303 lighting it fire for a controlled burn
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00385-00080304-00080543 but it has lots of categories for your
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00386-00080544-00080615 uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00387-00080616-00080862 ignition source your your type of event
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00388-00080863-00081031 again it could be a fire that got loose
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00389-00081032-00081206 it could be a control burn
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00390-00081207-00081494 it it lifts these the reasons for the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00391-00081495-00081662 for the burn so you can see there's a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00392-00081663-00081975 lot of information here that about any
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00393-00081976-00082191 given activity that you might include
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00394-00082192-00082359 and because there's a lot of information
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00395-00082360-00082575 it helps you compare
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00396-00082576-00082862 how this activity is happening in in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00397-00082863-00083094 different areas if somebody's doing fire
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00398-00083095-00083375 management in one area or another area
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00399-00083376-00083591 it actually starts comparing because you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00400-00083592-00083782 know before it's like well we've done
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00401-00083783-00083967 fire management what does that mean now
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00402-00083968-00084206 you're starting to say this is exactly
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00403-00084207-00084447 what we mean by when we're talking about
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00404-00084448-00084543 it here
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00405-00084544-00084799 uh we've got participant information you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00406-00084800-00085015 can see number of participants we we
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00407-00085016-00085199 actually record the number of indigenous
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00408-00085200-00085335 participants
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00409-00085336-00085487 you know as one of the metrics that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00410-00085488-00085703 we're using and want to report on in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00411-00085704-00085831 australia
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00412-00085832-00086062 we can add photo points to anything we
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00413-00086063-00086215 can't add a photo point to this one
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00414-00086216-00086391 actually because we haven't selected a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00415-00086392-00086606 site yet but once you do you can go in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00416-00086607-00086782 and add photos of what's happening lots
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00417-00086783-00086975 of pictures of everything that's going
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00418-00086976-00087335 on so this is just how we're starting to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00419-00087336-00087503 basically support the government's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00420-00087504-00087711 investment in biodiversity conservation
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00421-00087712-00087999 so that they can see how it's going
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00422-00088000-00088118 uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00423-00088119-00088335 and what this does is one of the things
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00424-00088336-00088526 we found interesting is that in doing
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00425-00088527-00088638 this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00426-00088639-00088894 it's helping create some new tools and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00427-00088895-00089055 functionality within the atlas that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00428-00089056-00089231 other people want to use so this for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00429-00089232-00089406 example is a group that we've worked for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00430-00089407-00089606 in the past and they've done some they
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00431-00089607-00089911 have some uh actually projects that fall
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00432-00089912-00090047 in under this government funding but
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00433-00090048-00090182 they have other projects that doesn't
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00434-00090183-00090350 they they've gone and stuck all their
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00435-00090351-00090503 projects in here because it's easier for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00436-00090504-00090687 them to see them and manage them and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00437-00090688-00090831 other people are starting to come in and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00438-00090832-00091031 saying they want to do this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00439-00091032-00091135 so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00440-00091136-00091382 how does merit help the government how
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00441-00091383-00091518 is what we're doing helping them and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00442-00091519-00091743 this is really why we're doing it it
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00443-00091744-00091991 allows them to properly account for and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00444-00091992-00092206 promote the outcomes and achievements of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00445-00092207-00092438 their investment you know
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00446-00092439-00092575 here's a lot of money we spend a lot of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00447-00092576-00092791 money is it working
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00448-00092792-00093015 it helps them do that we can aggregate
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00449-00093016-00093231 and analyze data in any geographic
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00450-00093232-00093367 context
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00451-00093368-00093567 and and this helps us inform more
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00452-00093568-00093823 targeted decision making
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00453-00093824-00094055 we're providing con ability for
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00454-00094056-00094343 consistent time series data collection
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00455-00094344-00094511 which is going to enable
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00456-00094512-00094726 landscape scale longitudinal change
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00457-00094727-00094926 studies
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00458-00094927-00095055 uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00459-00095056-00095182 i think this is very important we're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00460-00095183-00095287 linking
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00461-00095288-00095647 biodiversity and nrm outcomes
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00462-00095648-00095823 so that people are going to save if you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00463-00095824-00095967 go in and say
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00464-00095968-00096055 well
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00465-00096056-00096335 you know you gave me a million bucks and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00466-00096336-00096615 i've done weed weed removal in in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00467-00096616-00096759 these parks
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00468-00096760-00096991 well so what has that made any
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00469-00096992-00097182 difference to the biodiversity well
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00470-00097183-00097294 we're going to be able to find out
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00471-00097295-00097415 because you're going to now be able to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00472-00097416-00097591 go in and record biodiversity
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00473-00097592-00097806 information throughout this project and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00474-00097807-00098015 hopefully what you'll see is as the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00475-00098016-00098247 activity increases
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00476-00098248-00098494 biodiversity increases so this is this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00477-00098495-00098631 is the kind of thing but we're not going
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00478-00098632-00098782 to be able to go in and target that and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00479-00098783-00098935 actually help people actually see that's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00480-00098936-00099087 happening
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00481-00099088-00099271 we're improving uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00482-00099272-00099438 providing improved data feeds into
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00483-00099439-00099599 environmental accounting processes
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00484-00099600-00099750 something that certainly australia is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00485-00099751-00099887 very interested in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00486-00099888-00100087 and another thing that everyone seems to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00487-00100088-00100279 like is that where data collection
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00488-00100280-00100471 analysis is going to be at lower cost
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00489-00100472-00100655 and more efficient
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00490-00100656-00100918 so again lots of features about merit
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00491-00100919-00101135 i'm not going to go into all them now
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00492-00101136-00101382 one of the key things is that it's it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00493-00101383-00101671 creating a stable platform for users
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00494-00101672-00101887 that's indiv independent of the current
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00495-00101888-00102079 government or its policy governments
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00496-00102080-00102311 change uh policies change what you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00497-00102312-00102478 should or shouldn't be doing
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00498-00102479-00102663 these can change it
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00499-00102664-00102871 every election but what's happening here
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00500-00102872-00102990 is that we're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00501-00102991-00103230 this platform is going to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00502-00103231-00103423 be able to support projects no matter
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00503-00103424-00103582 what they are
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00504-00103583-00103671 so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00505-00103672-00103894 just finally uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00506-00103895-00104206 look we've got a a variety of things
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00507-00104207-00104310 where
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00508-00104311-00104542 having created this tool we're already
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00509-00104543-00104751 looking at areas and and talking to our
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00510-00104752-00104999 department of environment about areas
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00511-00105000-00105215 where we can interact few better into
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00512-00105216-00105375 the future because of this you know the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00513-00105376-00105566 idea of getting involved in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00514-00105567-00105702 uh are
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00515-00105703-00105871 you know some of the legislation or
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00516-00105872-00106078 state of environment reporting these are
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00517-00106079-00106295 the kind of things we do i think i i
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00518-00106296-00106566 think that a merit tool or
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00519-00106567-00106734 you know something like ameritool could
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00520-00106735-00106983 actually work at an international level
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00521-00106983-00107151 being able to help monitor how we're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00522-00107152-00107319 doing against some of the things that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00523-00107320-00107463 have been talked about earlier like the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00524-00107464-00107790 ihe targets at best and cbd reporting
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00525-00107791-00107999 you know to actually see if there's a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00526-00108000-00108231 people say we're doing this and it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00527-00108232-00108399 improving things well this actually
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00528-00108400-00108686 helps people figure out if that's true
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00529-00108688-00108863 or not and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00530-00108864-00109134 finally a final thought is like you know
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00531-00109135-00109366 like i say it's not done yet it's a work
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00532-00109367-00109607 in progress it will be refined as we go
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00533-00109608-00109758 forward but like everything else in the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00534-00109759-00110039 atlas it is open infrastructure that is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00535-00110040-00110231 freely available for others to use and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00536-00110232-00110447 as we move forward as you've heard a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00537-00110448-00110599 couple of times we're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00538-00110600-00110839 trying to make it easy for people want
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00539-00110840-00111071 to use the atlas to to take it in and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00540-00111072-00111190 put it into
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00541-00111191-00111390 their own countries or regions and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00542-00111391-00111566 hopefully as we go forward this is just
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00543-00111567-00111710 going to be one more component that's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00544-00111711-00111902 going to be part of that that the people
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00545-00111903-00112031 will be able to use
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00546-00112032-00112758 so thank you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00547-00112759-00112958 thank you very much john and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00548-00112959-00113327 we're open for questions
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00549-00113328-00113478 yes
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00550-00113479-00113727 thank you patricia colefcon
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00551-00113728-00114031 i'm really very impressed with this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00552-00114032-00114334 tool it seems it's fantastic i just want
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00553-00114335-00114607 to know how you are thinking to lick to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00554-00114608-00114910 link it with the actual work in gb
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00555-00114911-00115110 because probably we need to have some
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00556-00115111-00115447 tools to say to to actually monitor if a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00557-00115448-00115734 species is not longer there what are you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00558-00115735-00116063 how are you imagining to link this with
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00559-00116064-00116319 actual data we have we we're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00560-00116320-00116454 we're actually
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00561-00116455-00116583 uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00562-00116583-00116790 just at the point where we're ready to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00563-00116791-00117039 start that conversation rather than
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00564-00117040-00117302 uh having made any progress this is one
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00565-00117303-00117431 of these
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00566-00117432-00117623 it was actually quite an interesting
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00567-00117624-00117783 project because
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00568-00117783-00118078 basically they they came to us
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00569-00118079-00118358 just over a year ago
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00570-00118359-00118495 and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00571-00118496-00118799 you know our financial year runs july to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00572-00118800-00119031 june like many places and they they came
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00573-00119032-00119254 to us
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00574-00119255-00119486 you know sometime in early june and said
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00575-00119488-00119758 we want to give you a bunch of money
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00576-00119759-00119983 the contract has to be signed within a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00577-00119983-00120271 month and and and you have to have
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00578-00120272-00120558 deliverables by september
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00579-00120559-00120639 so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00580-00120640-00120734 uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00581-00120735-00120927 a lot of this just happened very very
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00582-00120928-00121151 quickly and i think
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00583-00121152-00121383 in fact i've got to say you know i'm not
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00584-00121383-00121566 an informatics person but i i just
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00585-00121567-00121839 really have to say it's just amazing
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00586-00121840-00122158 how the atlas team performed to to meet
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00587-00122159-00122302 this it was it was really quite
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00588-00122303-00122415 impressive
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00589-00122416-00122486 but
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00590-00122488-00122727 where we're kind of taking a breath now
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00591-00122728-00122958 and able to take a breath and i
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00592-00122959-00123078 certainly think it's one of the things
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00593-00123079-00123263 that we want to think of is how we
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00594-00123264-00123454 perhaps can link this kind of thinking
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00595-00123455-00123558 to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00596-00123559-00123702 do i choose target let's show you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00597-00123703-00123871 something we'll be talking to donald and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00598-00123872-00124286 others in this room about
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00599-00124288-00124607 no questions yes
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00600-00124608-00124854 oscar rego from colombia this is not an
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00601-00124855-00125158 and exactly a question but
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00602-00125159-00125534 uh this is a very very nice application
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00603-00125535-00125895 in the other level trying to connect the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00604-00125896-00126207 biodiversity data management and the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00605-00126208-00126478 management of the biodiversity
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00606-00126479-00126727 so uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00607-00126728-00127110 i i remember an application of the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00608-00127111-00127286 world bank
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00609-00127288-00127590 they they show where are the different
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00610-00127591-00127775 projects and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00611-00127776-00128078 this is a comment for the community if
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00612-00128079-00128286 we can connect
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00613-00128288-00128558 those kinds of applications with the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00614-00128559-00128910 gbif network uh it could be very
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00615-00128911-00129263 interesting in order to maintaining our
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00616-00129264-00129390 i mean
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00617-00129391-00129623 our
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00618-00129624-00130063 use of the information
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00619-00130064-00130358 i agree
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00620-00130359-00130510 yes and if you'd like to introduce
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00621-00130511-00130639 yourself again please
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00622-00130640-00130727 oh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00623-00130728-00130871 um
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00624-00130872-00131047 andrea from ministry of science and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00625-00131048-00131287 technology in brazil first i like to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00626-00131288-00131495 apologize because this jet lag is really
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00627-00131496-00131823 killing me it's it's hard even to think
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00628-00131824-00131999 speaking is even worse
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00629-00132000-00132278 so i'm not able to speak faster and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00630-00132279-00132375 anyway
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00631-00132376-00132575 uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00632-00132576-00132775 i'm very impressed with with this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00633-00132776-00132943 because it's that's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00634-00132944-00133383 we in brazil uh we are working very hard
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00635-00133384-00133599 also to build something
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00636-00133600-00133854 just like this within the national
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00637-00133855-00134063 infrastructure that we are creating
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00638-00134064-00134175 besides
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00639-00134176-00134407 working on a national database their own
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00640-00134408-00134671 species occurrence this is very useful
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00641-00134672-00134790 because
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00642-00134791-00134966 in brazil we have a very difficult
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00643-00134967-00135151 situation
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00644-00135152-00135359 the ministry of environment is not the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00645-00135360-00135639 ministry that funds most of the research
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00646-00135640-00135799 most of the research is funded by
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00647-00135800-00135919 ministry of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00648-00135920-00136143 i i think i'm not sure if it's the same
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00649-00136144-00136295 situation but so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00650-00136296-00136599 and so they really don't own
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00651-00136600-00136847 most of the data that they need to do
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00652-00136848-00136983 the the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00653-00136984-00137207 environmental policies so we are really
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00654-00137208-00137343 trying to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00655-00137344-00137566 you know find some way to integrate all
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00656-00137567-00137895 this information and so every time
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00657-00137896-00138111 um the minister of science technology
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00658-00138112-00138319 wants needs to decide
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00659-00138320-00138631 how are we going to invest money on this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00660-00138632-00138951 year on i mean on on
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00661-00138952-00139214 on research we actually are not being
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00662-00139215-00139502 fed by the minister of environment on on
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00663-00139503-00139775 what is the information they need
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00664-00139776-00140063 so we can fund that specific research so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00665-00140064-00140327 i mean this is the the the need that's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00666-00140328-00140607 the kind of thing that we really
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00667-00140608-00140839 wants to build within our national
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00668-00140840-00140975 infrastructure so
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00669-00140976-00141231 i want to talk to you i mean
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00670-00141232-00141631 for now but um i'm curious about
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00671-00141632-00141895 where is most of the information that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00672-00141896-00142159 it's feeding an application
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00673-00142160-00142463 like this where is it coming from i mean
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00674-00142464-00142678 what are the kind of integration
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00675-00142679-00142895 channels that you you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00676-00142896-00143078 you needed to build and
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00677-00143079-00143254 where from
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00678-00143255-00143454 from where most of the information is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00679-00143455-00143735 coming to feed an application like this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00680-00143736-00143951 very simply
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00681-00143952-00144175 mainly because i don't understand a lot
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00682-00144176-00144287 of this stuff
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00683-00144288-00144623 so i have to simplify it but basically
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00684-00144624-00144878 most of the information
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00685-00144879-00145223 is project oriented in this case around
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00686-00145224-00145399 projects that have been supported by the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00687-00145400-00145623 department of the environment so as a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00688-00145624-00145839 starting point this is just capturing
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00689-00145840-00146078 individual projects and a project
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00690-00146079-00146263 may for example say
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00691-00146264-00146478 this project what we're doing is we're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00692-00146479-00146719 going to fence off some area of bush
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00693-00146720-00146990 we're going to keep the the rabbits out
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00694-00146991-00147159 we're going to then go in and we're
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00695-00147160-00147326 going to do some weed treatment and then
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00696-00147327-00147535 we're going to go and restore that bush
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00697-00147536-00147766 and see the effect it has so they would
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00698-00147767-00147951 not only they would then
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00699-00147952-00148143 use this to report all their various
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00700-00148144-00148302 treatments that they've done and their
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00701-00148303-00148519 activities but also
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00702-00148520-00148735 be monitoring and just putting in the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00703-00148736-00148975 normal gbif atlas type of records around
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00704-00148976-00149183 where we saw this many orchids here that
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00705-00149184-00149439 day so so this kind of thing so this is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00706-00149440-00149647 where it's coming from now
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00707-00149648-00149726 as
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00708-00149727-00149883 a piece of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00709-00149884-00150102 infrastructure that the builds on the
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00710-00150103-00150375 atlas infrastructure and then extends it
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00711-00150376-00150590 we we see it's going to have a great
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00712-00150591-00150711 many
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00713-00150712-00150975 further uses as we move forward
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00714-00150976-00151231 so i'm happy to discuss this with you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00715-00151232-00151359 okay and we'll just have time for one
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00716-00151360-00151519 more question before the lunch break
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00717-00151520-00151678 really it's just
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00718-00151679-00151863 not really a question but a suggestion
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00719-00151864-00152071 of some sort probably combined with a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00720-00152072-00152214 question
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00721-00152215-00152439 this is an important tool
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00722-00152440-00152543 i see
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00723-00152544-00152759 and i was
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00724-00152760-00153014 wondering whether you can see it as a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00725-00153015-00153207 basis for mentoring
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00726-00153208-00153559 a gpf gbif community probably other
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00727-00153560-00153751 other participants can be mentored from
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00728-00153752-00153951 especially the use of the tool
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00729-00153952-00154319 and to me i see it as a means of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00730-00154320-00154559 building knowledge within the gbf
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00731-00154560-00154790 community how do you see it being
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00732-00154791-00154959 possible
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00733-00154960-00155223 the the the simple answer
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00734-00155224-00155399 is
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00735-00155400-00155631 the the philosophical answer is yes of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00736-00155632-00155807 course we'd love to do this
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00737-00155808-00155975 okay uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00738-00155976-00156175 it may take us a little while to be in
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00739-00156176-00156447 the spot where we're really ready to
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00740-00156448-00156702 uh download it and stuff and and make it
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00741-00156703-00156902 more available to people and then
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00742-00156903-00157159 understanding we would have to of course
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00743-00157160-00157295 work within
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00744-00157296-00157526 certain parameters of
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00745-00157527-00157766 how much training people want uh you
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00746-00157767-00157943 know we can always knock off a workshop
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00747-00157944-00158263 or two every year but it's it's
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00748-00158264-00158583 not part of what uh
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00749-00158584-00158775 let's just say it's not part of what a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00750-00158776-00158943 huge part of what our government
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00751-00158944-00159175 considers our core mission to be
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00752-00159176-00159447 so we we're happy to do it we do we do a
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00753-00159448-00159575 fair bit of it
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00754-00159576-00159823 but we we just have to manage it's like
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00755-00159824-00159975 the budget envelopes we have to all
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00756-00159976-00160175 manage it within within our existing
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00757-00160176-00160319 resource envelope
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00758-00160320-00160471 but yes i agree i think it's something
+nAwp-5fsD-y-00759-00160472-00160812 we should be doing
+nE-C7junnbA-00000-00000019-00000335 Pitts County is a County located in the
+nE-C7junnbA-00001-00000336-00000671 US state of North Carolina as of the
+nE-C7junnbA-00002-00000672-00000958 2010 census the population was one
+nE-C7junnbA-00003-00000959-00001319 hundred sixty eight thousand 148 making
+nE-C7junnbA-00004-00001320-00001565 it the seventeenth most populous county
+nE-C7junnbA-00005-00001566-00001885 in North Carolina its county seat is
+nE-C7junnbA-00006-00001886-00002117 Greenville Pitt County comprises the
+nE-C7junnbA-00007-00002118-00002363 Greenville NC Metropolitan Statistical
+nE-C7junnbA-00008-00002364-00002714 Area as one of the fastest growing
+nE-C7junnbA-00009-00002715-00002966 centers in the state the county has seen
+nE-C7junnbA-00010-00002967-00003768 a population boom since 1990
+nE-C7junnbA-00011-00003769-00004295 topic history
+nE-C7junnbA-00012-00004296-00004629 the county was formed in 1760 from
+nE-C7junnbA-00013-00004630-00004856 Beaufort County though the legislative
+nE-C7junnbA-00014-00004857-00005057 act that created it did not become
+nE-C7junnbA-00015-00005058-00005538 effective until January 1st 1761 it was
+nE-C7junnbA-00016-00005539-00005775 named for William Pitt the elder who is
+nE-C7junnbA-00017-00005776-00006006 then Secretary of State for the southern
+nE-C7junnbA-00018-00006007-00006197 department and leader of the House of
+nE-C7junnbA-00019-00006198-00006506 Commons William Pitt was an English
+nE-C7junnbA-00020-00006508-00006738 statesman and orator born in London
+nE-C7junnbA-00021-00006739-00007023 England he studied at Oxford University
+nE-C7junnbA-00022-00007023-00007538 and in 1731 joined the army Pitt led the
+nE-C7junnbA-00023-00007539-00008009 young Patriot Whigs and in 1756 became
+nE-C7junnbA-00024-00008011-00008252 Secretary of State where he was a pro
+nE-C7junnbA-00025-00008253-00008484 freedom speaker in British colonial
+nE-C7junnbA-00026-00008485-00008946 government equals equals G 2.9 square
+nE-C7junnbA-00027-00008947-00009030 miles
+nE-C7junnbA-00028-00009031-00010046 7.5 square kilometers 0.4% is water
+nE-C7junnbA-00029-00010047-00010632 topic adjacent counties
+nE-C7junnbA-00030-00010633-00011058 Martin County Northeast Beaufort County
+nE-C7junnbA-00031-00011059-00011504 East Craven County south southeast
+nE-C7junnbA-00032-00011505-00011949 Lenoir County south-southwest Green
+nE-C7junnbA-00033-00011950-00012437 County Southwest Wilson County West
+nE-C7junnbA-00034-00012438-00013125 Edgecombe County Northwest
+nE-C7junnbA-00035-00013126-00013691 topic demographics
+nE-C7junnbA-00036-00013691-00014087 as of the census of 2000 there were 133
+nE-C7junnbA-00037-00014088-00014294 thousand seven hundred ninety eight
+nE-C7junnbA-00038-00014294-00014546 people fifty-two thousand five hundred
+nE-C7junnbA-00039-00014547-00014801 thirty-nine households and thirty-two
+nE-C7junnbA-00040-00014802-00014957 thousand two hundred fifty-eight
+nE-C7junnbA-00041-00014958-00015275 families residing in the county the
+nE-C7junnbA-00042-00015276-00015629 population density was 205 people per
+nE-C7junnbA-00043-00015630-00015725 square mile
+nE-C7junnbA-00044-00015726-00016049 seventy nine per square kilometers there
+nE-C7junnbA-00045-00016050-00016283 were 58 thousand four hundred eight
+nE-C7junnbA-00046-00016284-00016529 housing units at an average density of
+nE-C7junnbA-00047-00016530-00016832 ninety per square miles 35 per square
+nE-C7junnbA-00048-00016833-00017135 kilometers the racial makeup of the
+nE-C7junnbA-00049-00017136-00017396 county was sixty two point zero eight
+nE-C7junnbA-00050-00017397-00018392 percent white 33.65081 point zero eight
+nE-C7junnbA-00051-00018393-00018902 percent asian 0.04% pacific islander one
+nE-C7junnbA-00052-00018903-00019124 point eight zero percent from other
+nE-C7junnbA-00053-00019125-00019403 races and one point zero nine percent
+nE-C7junnbA-00054-00019404-00019753 from two or more races three point one
+nE-C7junnbA-00055-00019754-00019982 five percent of the population were
+nE-C7junnbA-00056-00019983-00020369 Hispanic or Latino of any race there
+nE-C7junnbA-00057-00020370-00020572 were fifty two thousand five hundred
+nE-C7junnbA-00058-00020573-00020771 thirty nine households out of which
+nE-C7junnbA-00059-00020772-00021086 twenty nine point nine zero percent had
+nE-C7junnbA-00060-00021087-00021325 children under the age of 18 living with
+nE-C7junnbA-00061-00021326-00021614 them forty three point four zero percent
+nE-C7junnbA-00062-00021615-00021796 were married couples living together
+nE-C7junnbA-00063-00021797-00022118 fourteen point four zero percent had a
+nE-C7junnbA-00064-00022119-00022343 female householder with no husband
+nE-C7junnbA-00065-00022344-00022571 present and thirty eight point six zero
+nE-C7junnbA-00066-00022572-00022928 percent were non-families twenty eight
+nE-C7junnbA-00067-00022929-00023138 point three zero percent of all
+nE-C7junnbA-00068-00023139-00023309 households were made up of individuals
+nE-C7junnbA-00069-00023310-00023719 and 7.30 percent had someone living
+nE-C7junnbA-00070-00023720-00024040 alone who was 65 years of age or older
+nE-C7junnbA-00071-00024041-00024389 the average household size was two point
+nE-C7junnbA-00072-00024390-00024596 four three and the average family size
+nE-C7junnbA-00073-00024597-00024903 was three point zero two
+nE-C7junnbA-00074-00024904-00025152 in the county the population was spread
+nE-C7junnbA-00075-00025153-00025491 out with 20 3.60%
+nE-C7junnbA-00076-00025492-00025994 under the age of 18 17.5 0% from 18 to
+nE-C7junnbA-00077-00025995-00026661 24 29 point 9 0% from 25 to 44 19 point
+nE-C7junnbA-00078-00026662-00027273 4 0% from 45 to 64 and 9.60 percent who
+nE-C7junnbA-00079-00027274-00027665 were 65 years of age or older the median
+nE-C7junnbA-00080-00027666-00027989 age was 30 years for every 100 females
+nE-C7junnbA-00081-00027991-00028415 there were 90 point 2-0 males for every
+nE-C7junnbA-00082-00028416-00028721 100 females age 18 and over there were
+nE-C7junnbA-00083-00028722-00029154 86 point four zero males the median
+nE-C7junnbA-00084-00029155-00029420 income for a household in the county was
+nE-C7junnbA-00085-00029420-00029868 32,000 $868 and the median income for a
+nE-C7junnbA-00086-00029869-00030095 family was forty-three thousand nine
+nE-C7junnbA-00087-00030097-00030440 hundred seventy one dollars males had a
+nE-C7junnbA-00088-00030441-00030930 median income of 30 1962 dollars versus
+nE-C7junnbA-00089-00030931-00031161 twenty five thousand two hundred ninety
+nE-C7junnbA-00090-00031162-00031482 dollars for females the per capita
+nE-C7junnbA-00091-00031483-00031680 income for the county was eighteen
+nE-C7junnbA-00092-00031681-00031949 thousand two hundred forty-three dollars
+nE-C7junnbA-00093-00031950-00032292 about thirteen point five zero percent
+nE-C7junnbA-00094-00032293-00032511 of families and 20 point three zero
+nE-C7junnbA-00095-00032512-00032783 percent of the population were below the
+nE-C7junnbA-00096-00032784-00033057 poverty line including twenty one point
+nE-C7junnbA-00097-00033058-00033296 six zero percent of those under age 18
+nE-C7junnbA-00098-00033297-00033608 and twenty point two zero percent of
+nE-C7junnbA-00099-00033609-00033830 those aged 65 or over
+nE-C7junnbA-00100-00033831-00034196 as of the census of 2010 there were one
+nE-C7junnbA-00101-00034197-00034530 hundred sixty eight thousand 148 people
+nE-C7junnbA-00102-00034531-00034800 residing in Pitt County a twenty five
+nE-C7junnbA-00103-00034801-00035126 point seven percent increase since 2000
+nE-C7junnbA-00104-00035127-00035412 females made up fifty two point eight
+nE-C7junnbA-00105-00035413-00035702 percent of the population Caucasians
+nE-C7junnbA-00106-00035703-00035895 make up fifty eight point nine percent
+nE-C7junnbA-00107-00035896-00036164 of the population followed by
+nE-C7junnbA-00108-00036165-00036387 african-americans at thirty four point
+nE-C7junnbA-00109-00036388-00036662 one percent Asian persons at one point
+nE-C7junnbA-00110-00036663-00036968 six percent American Indian or Alaskan
+nE-C7junnbA-00111-00036969-00037251 at zero point three percent Hispanic at
+nE-C7junnbA-00112-00037252-00037476 five point five percent and Native
+nE-C7junnbA-00113-00037477-00037725 Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander at
+nE-C7junnbA-00114-00037726-00038067 zero point one percent from the period
+nE-C7junnbA-00115-00038068-00038286 of 2005 to mm
+nE-C7junnbA-00116-00038287-00038505 9 the number of foreign-born people
+nE-C7junnbA-00117-00038506-00038919 living in the county was at 4% the high
+nE-C7junnbA-00118-00038920-00039141 school graduation rate in the county
+nE-C7junnbA-00119-00039142-00039467 among citizens over the age of 25 from
+nE-C7junnbA-00120-00039468-00039960 2005 to 2009 was steady at 85% while the
+nE-C7junnbA-00121-00039961-00040242 percentage of those aged 25 and up with
+nE-C7junnbA-00122-00040243-00040452 a bachelor's degree in the county was
+nE-C7junnbA-00123-00040453-00040725 only 28 point seven percent in the
+nE-C7junnbA-00124-00040726-00040979 county during the same period of time
+nE-C7junnbA-00125-00040980-00041400 in 2009 the median household income in
+nE-C7junnbA-00126-00041401-00041649 Pitt County was thirty six thousand
+nE-C7junnbA-00127-00041650-00041883 three hundred thirty nine dollars over
+nE-C7junnbA-00128-00041884-00042081 seven thousand dollars less than the
+nE-C7junnbA-00129-00042082-00042492 North Carolina number and about 25.5% of
+nE-C7junnbA-00130-00042493-00042699 Pitt County residents were at or below
+nE-C7junnbA-00131-00042700-00042828 the poverty level
+nE-C7junnbA-00132-00042829-00043173 the per capita money income in terms of
+nE-C7junnbA-00133-00043174-00043398 two thousand nine dollars in the past
+nE-C7junnbA-00134-00043399-00043809 twelve months from 2005 to 2009 in Pitt
+nE-C7junnbA-00135-00043810-00044040 County was twenty one thousand six
+nE-C7junnbA-00136-00044041-00044286 hundred twenty two dollars about three
+nE-C7junnbA-00137-00044287-00044469 thousand dollars less than the North
+nE-C7junnbA-00138-00044470-00045122 Carolina average
+nE-C7junnbA-00139-00045123-00045690 topic communities
+nE-C7junnbA-00140-00045691-00046025 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00141-00046026-00046533 topic cities
+nE-C7junnbA-00142-00046534-00046821 Greenville County seat
+nE-C7junnbA-00143-00046822-00047139 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00144-00047140-00047650 topic towns
+nE-C7junnbA-00145-00047651-00048552 Aiden Bethel falkland farmville fountain
+nE-C7junnbA-00146-00048553-00049618 grifton Grimes Lynn Simpson winterville
+nE-C7junnbA-00147-00049619-00050281 topic census-designated places
+nE-C7junnbA-00148-00050282-00051189 Bell Arthur Belvoir Stokes
+nE-C7junnbA-00149-00051190-00051840 topic unincorporated communities
+nE-C7junnbA-00150-00051841-00052653 bells Fork blackjack chicag house packed
+nE-C7junnbA-00151-00052654-00053115 Alice
+nE-C7junnbA-00152-00053116-00054013 topic townships
+nE-C7junnbA-00153-00054014-00054707 topic politics law and government
+nE-C7junnbA-00154-00054708-00055001 in the early 20th century Pitt was a
+nE-C7junnbA-00155-00055002-00055361 typical Democratic solid south county
+nE-C7junnbA-00156-00055362-00055562 where there were large numbers of
+nE-C7junnbA-00157-00055563-00055820 disenfranchised blacks and a small white
+nE-C7junnbA-00158-00055821-00056072 electorate voted overwhelming majorities
+nE-C7junnbA-00159-00056073-00056411 for the Democratic Party Pitt voted for
+nE-C7junnbA-00160-00056412-00056624 the Democratic Party in every election
+nE-C7junnbA-00161-00056625-00056960 from at least 1876 until American
+nE-C7junnbA-00162-00056961-00057185 independent candidate George Wallace
+nE-C7junnbA-00163-00057186-00057487 gained a plurality in 1968
+nE-C7junnbA-00164-00057488-00057797 apart from Richard Nixon's overwhelming
+nE-C7junnbA-00165-00057798-00058136 victory over George McGovern in 1972
+nE-C7junnbA-00166-00058137-00058379 Pitt has since been a closely contested
+nE-C7junnbA-00167-00058380-00058637 swing county with no major Party
+nE-C7junnbA-00168-00058638-00058871 candidate post McGovern falling under
+nE-C7junnbA-00169-00058872-00059279 40% Pitt County is a member of the Mid
+nE-C7junnbA-00170-00059280-00059486 East Commission Regional Council of
+nE-C7junnbA-00171-00059487-00059855 Governments Pitt County is represented
+nE-C7junnbA-00172-00059856-00060122 by dr. Gregg Murphy candy Smith and
+nE-C7junnbA-00173-00060123-00060296 Chris Humphrey in the North Carolina
+nE-C7junnbA-00174-00060297-00060587 House of Representatives and Donald G
+nE-C7junnbA-00175-00060588-00061333 Davis in the North Carolina Senate
+nE-C7junnbA-00176-00061334-00061898 topic education
+nE-C7junnbA-00177-00061899-00062237 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00178-00062238-00062730 topic private
+nE-C7junnbA-00179-00062732-00063111 private schools in Pitt County include
+nE-C7junnbA-00180-00063112-00063562 Brookhaven SDA School Calvary Christian
+nE-C7junnbA-00181-00063563-00063992 Academy children's Montessori School
+nE-C7junnbA-00182-00063994-00064378 Christ covenant school community
+nE-C7junnbA-00183-00064379-00064711 Christian Academy faith Christian
+nE-C7junnbA-00184-00064712-00065156 Academy Greenville Christian Academy
+nE-C7junnbA-00185-00065157-00065574 Greenville Montessori School John Paul
+nE-C7junnbA-00186-00065575-00065947 the second Catholic HS the Oakwood
+nE-C7junnbA-00187-00065948-00066436 school rose leaf Academy st. Peter
+nE-C7junnbA-00188-00066437-00067232 Catholic school Trinity Christian school
+nE-C7junnbA-00189-00067233-00067722 topic public
+nE-C7junnbA-00190-00067723-00067971 public schools in Pitt County are
+nE-C7junnbA-00191-00067972-00068465 managed by Pitt County Schools
+nE-C7junnbA-00192-00068466-00068615 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00193-00068616-00069184 topic elementary schools
+nE-C7junnbA-00194-00069185-00069553 Aiden elementary school bell
+nE-C7junnbA-00195-00069554-00069874 our elementary school Creekside
+nE-C7junnbA-00196-00069875-00070231 elementary school Eastern elementary
+nE-C7junnbA-00197-00070232-00070662 school Elmhurst elementary school
+nE-C7junnbA-00198-00070663-00071134 falkland elementary school HB sug school
+nE-C7junnbA-00199-00071135-00071637 k2 Lake Forest elementary school
+nE-C7junnbA-00200-00071638-00072031 Northwest elementary school Ridgewood
+nE-C7junnbA-00201-00072032-00072210 elementary school
+nE-C7junnbA-00202-00072211-00072673 Sam D Bundy school three to five South
+nE-C7junnbA-00203-00072674-00073125 Greenville elementary school wh
+nE-C7junnbA-00204-00073126-00073537 Robinson elementary school wall Coates
+nE-C7junnbA-00205-00073538-00073722 elementary school
+nE-C7junnbA-00206-00073723-00074017 wintergreen Intermediate School three to
+nE-C7junnbA-00207-00074018-00074686 five wintergreen primary school k2
+nE-C7junnbA-00208-00074687-00074838 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00209-00074839-00075388 topic k-8 schools
+nE-C7junnbA-00210-00075389-00076038 Bethel school chicag school gr Whitfield
+nE-C7junnbA-00211-00076039-00076607 school grifton school Peck Tillis school
+nE-C7junnbA-00212-00076608-00076998 Stoke school
+nE-C7junnbA-00213-00076999-00077148 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00214-00077149-00077671 topic middle schools
+nE-C7junnbA-00215-00077672-00078091 AG middle school 8 in middle
+nE-C7junnbA-00216-00078092-00078736 school cm EPS middle school EB a kkuk
+nE-C7junnbA-00217-00078737-00079128 middle school Farmville middle school
+nE-C7junnbA-00218-00079129-00079965 hope middle school welcome middle school
+nE-C7junnbA-00219-00079966-00080482 topic high schools
+nE-C7junnbA-00220-00080483-00080923 Aiden grifton high school d H Conley
+nE-C7junnbA-00221-00080924-00081057 high school
+nE-C7junnbA-00222-00081058-00081613 farmville central high school JH Rose
+nE-C7junnbA-00223-00081614-00082123 high school North Pitt high school South
+nE-C7junnbA-00224-00082124-00082637 Central High School
+nE-C7junnbA-00225-00082638-00083205 topic alternative schools
+nE-C7junnbA-00226-00083206-00083469 Pitts County Schools Early College High
+nE-C7junnbA-00227-00083470-00083634 School
+nE-C7junnbA-00228-00083635-00083954 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00229-00083955-00084541 topic post secondary schools
+nE-C7junnbA-00230-00084542-00084983 East Carolina University Pitt Community
+nE-C7junnbA-00231-00084984-00085129 College
+nE-C7junnbA-00232-00085130-00085825 Miller Mott Technical College
+nE-C7junnbA-00233-00085826-00086418 topic transportation
+nE-C7junnbA-00234-00086419-00086753 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00235-00086754-00087331 topic major highways
+nE-C7junnbA-00236-00087332-00087668 you
+nE-C7junnbA-00237-00087669-00088181 topic airport
+nE-C7junnbA-00238-00088182-00088471 American Airlines Piedmont Airlines
+nE-C7junnbA-00239-00088472-00088660 serves the Pitts Greenville Airport
+nE-C7junnbA-00240-00088661-00088881 daily with connecting flights to
+nE-C7junnbA-00241-00088882-00089645 Charlotte Douglas International Airport
+nE-C7junnbA-00242-00089646-00090207 topic C also
+nE-C7junnbA-00243-00090208-00090475 National Register of Historic Places
+nE-C7junnbA-00244-00090476-00090916 listings in Pitt County North Carolina
+nGOTU2vUckA-00000-00000016-00000311 how to not get hacked on youtube as one
+nGOTU2vUckA-00001-00000312-00000503 freedom partner recently did
+nGOTU2vUckA-00002-00000504-00000743 he was hacked and i'll show you how we
+nGOTU2vUckA-00003-00000744-00000894 helped him get his channel back
+nGOTU2vUckA-00004-00000896-00001111 and lessons learned so it doesn't happen
+nGOTU2vUckA-00005-00001112-00001231 to you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00006-00001232-00001614 jack cole with 310 000 subscribers
+nGOTU2vUckA-00007-00001616-00001959 311 now was hacked we helped him
+nGOTU2vUckA-00008-00001960-00002110 reinstate his channel
+nGOTU2vUckA-00009-00002111-00002399 and i'll play a clip to prove it roll it
+nGOTU2vUckA-00010-00002400-00002518 and when i was hacked
+nGOTU2vUckA-00011-00002519-00002734 i have this manager on skype jenny who
+nGOTU2vUckA-00012-00002735-00002918 freedom provide me as my partner manager
+nGOTU2vUckA-00013-00002919-00003039 who can help me with my channel we
+nGOTU2vUckA-00014-00003040-00003191 strategize stuff etc
+nGOTU2vUckA-00015-00003192-00003367 and um basically i was able to hit her
+nGOTU2vUckA-00016-00003368-00003559 up right away and she has a direct
+nGOTU2vUckA-00017-00003560-00003759 email straight to youtube when he was
+nGOTU2vUckA-00018-00003760-00003911 able to start hitting up youtube we had
+nGOTU2vUckA-00019-00003911-00004047 a response from youtube with
+nGOTU2vUckA-00020-00004047-00004263 within one hour of me being hacked one
+nGOTU2vUckA-00021-00004264-00004351 hour
+nGOTU2vUckA-00022-00004352-00004511 and they said in their first email no
+nGOTU2vUckA-00023-00004512-00004735 worries essentially we're gonna get it
+nGOTU2vUckA-00024-00004736-00004870 fixed and it took them six days to get
+nGOTU2vUckA-00025-00004871-00004943 it fixed but
+nGOTU2vUckA-00026-00004944-00005047 at the end of the day we still had a
+nGOTU2vUckA-00027-00005048-00005279 response within one hour because i was
+nGOTU2vUckA-00028-00005280-00005422 tapped in and linked with these with
+nGOTU2vUckA-00029-00005423-00005663 these this youtube network freedom
+nGOTU2vUckA-00030-00005664-00005822 yeah it's a pretty good network have you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00031-00005823-00006015 heard of it guys the link to this full
+nGOTU2vUckA-00032-00006016-00006183 video is down there in the description
+nGOTU2vUckA-00033-00006184-00006414 below in case you want to see it
+nGOTU2vUckA-00034-00006415-00006787 so to protect your account go to
+nGOTU2vUckA-00035-00006788-00006927 myaccount.google.com
+nGOTU2vUckA-00036-00006928-00007206 what you see behind me and enable two
+nGOTU2vUckA-00037-00007208-00007295 step
+nGOTU2vUckA-00038-00007295-00007551 verification under security here you can
+nGOTU2vUckA-00039-00007552-00007759 see mine is enabled this is where you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00040-00007759-00007831 use your
+nGOTU2vUckA-00041-00007831-00008127 cell phone to get a second code when you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00042-00008128-00008214 log in
+nGOTU2vUckA-00043-00008215-00008455 that way if someone gets your password
+nGOTU2vUckA-00044-00008456-00008646 they still cannot sign in because they
+nGOTU2vUckA-00045-00008647-00008799 also need your mobile phone
+nGOTU2vUckA-00046-00008800-00008910 how many of you have two-step
+nGOTU2vUckA-00047-00008911-00009167 verification enabled if you don't
+nGOTU2vUckA-00048-00009168-00009455 go set it up right now it will save you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00049-00009456-00009574 a lot of pain
+nGOTU2vUckA-00050-00009575-00009895 if you get hacked enable google prompts
+nGOTU2vUckA-00051-00009896-00009999 as soon as you finish
+nGOTU2vUckA-00052-00010000-00010206 setting up your two-step verification
+nGOTU2vUckA-00053-00010207-00010359 this allows you to click
+nGOTU2vUckA-00054-00010360-00010591 yes without receiving a text message
+nGOTU2vUckA-00055-00010592-00010774 whenever google challenges you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00056-00010775-00010959 with the two-step verification you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00057-00010960-00011078 should also generate
+nGOTU2vUckA-00058-00011079-00011399 backup codes these eight single use
+nGOTU2vUckA-00059-00011400-00011455 codes
+nGOTU2vUckA-00060-00011456-00011678 allow you to access your account if you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00061-00011679-00011823 can't use your phone
+nGOTU2vUckA-00062-00011824-00012055 or you lost it or somehow it's not
+nGOTU2vUckA-00063-00012056-00012238 available these backup codes will let
+nGOTU2vUckA-00064-00012239-00012287 you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00065-00012288-00012510 sign in without your phone you should
+nGOTU2vUckA-00066-00012511-00012623 also set up the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00067-00012624-00012902 authenticator app which is another layer
+nGOTU2vUckA-00068-00012903-00013015 of security
+nGOTU2vUckA-00069-00013016-00013343 that you can use to protect your account
+nGOTU2vUckA-00070-00013344-00013551 in case you don't have the internet
+nGOTU2vUckA-00071-00013552-00013838 you can still authenticate your login
+nGOTU2vUckA-00072-00013840-00013911 without
+nGOTU2vUckA-00073-00013912-00014127 a mobile data connection are there any
+nGOTU2vUckA-00074-00014128-00014335 other tips that you use to keep your
+nGOTU2vUckA-00075-00014336-00014383 channel
+nGOTU2vUckA-00076-00014384-00014599 safe from getting hacked share them down
+nGOTU2vUckA-00077-00014600-00014799 there in the comments below so we can
+nGOTU2vUckA-00078-00014800-00015047 all help each other grow together
+nGOTU2vUckA-00079-00015047-00015375 as a family and click that i to see
+nGOTU2vUckA-00080-00015376-00015622 my playlist of the george show which has
+nGOTU2vUckA-00081-00015623-00015799 all the videos teaching you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00082-00015800-00015975 how to keep your channel safe and how to
+nGOTU2vUckA-00083-00015976-00016143 grow faster on youtube
+nGOTU2vUckA-00084-00016144-00016358 hope you like them i asked you to submit
+nGOTU2vUckA-00085-00016359-00016567 your voice reals freedom family
+nGOTU2vUckA-00086-00016568-00016775 when we talked about freedom games and
+nGOTU2vUckA-00087-00016776-00016999 how we published dreamscaper
+nGOTU2vUckA-00088-00017000-00017167 click that i in case you didn't know
+nGOTU2vUckA-00089-00017168-00017327 that we've published a game that is now
+nGOTU2vUckA-00090-00017328-00017399 live
+nGOTU2vUckA-00091-00017400-00017719 on the steam store you can submit your
+nGOTU2vUckA-00092-00017720-00017919 voice reels by emailing support
+nGOTU2vUckA-00093-00017920-00018239 freedom.tm so that when we need voice
+nGOTU2vUckA-00094-00018240-00018455 actors for future games that we will
+nGOTU2vUckA-00095-00018456-00018558 publish
+nGOTU2vUckA-00096-00018559-00018863 we have on record who you are
+nGOTU2vUckA-00097-00018864-00019175 this is crazy greg films he submitted
+nGOTU2vUckA-00098-00019176-00019303 his voice reel
+nGOTU2vUckA-00099-00019304-00019494 and i will play it now for you to get an
+nGOTU2vUckA-00100-00019495-00019743 idea of what you can submit to us
+nGOTU2vUckA-00101-00019744-00020022 roll it we need to go with ivo the gun
+nGOTU2vUckA-00102-00020023-00020175 affair is done
+nGOTU2vUckA-00103-00020176-00020455 amy will die if we can't find a solution
+nGOTU2vUckA-00104-00020456-00020614 the robotnik still don't tell their
+nGOTU2vUckA-00105-00020615-00020719 whole story
+nGOTU2vUckA-00106-00020720-00020919 they developed what the light project is
+nGOTU2vUckA-00107-00020920-00021030 looking for
+nGOTU2vUckA-00108-00021031-00021286 it's so powerful that it helps create
+nGOTU2vUckA-00109-00021287-00021463 life
+nGOTU2vUckA-00110-00021464-00021711 nobody cares about your peace different
+nGOTU2vUckA-00111-00021712-00021878 voice power
+nGOTU2vUckA-00112-00021879-00022255 we are war like creations we are cursed
+nGOTU2vUckA-00113-00022256-00022599 there is no peace for us i'll skip
+nGOTU2vUckA-00114-00022600-00022863 ahead there is no peace for that fears
+nGOTU2vUckA-00115-00022864-00022999 and hates me
+nGOTU2vUckA-00116-00023000-00023350 lately they become my reputations
+nGOTU2vUckA-00117-00023351-00023614 you either fear me or you hate me you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00118-00023615-00023855 can hear the breadth and range of crazy
+nGOTU2vUckA-00119-00023856-00024022 greg's film's voice
+nGOTU2vUckA-00120-00024023-00024214 in that demo reel i encourage you to do
+nGOTU2vUckA-00121-00024215-00024503 the same a variety of emotions
+nGOTU2vUckA-00122-00024504-00024807 and voice types so we can see all that
+nGOTU2vUckA-00123-00024808-00024975 you are capable of
+nGOTU2vUckA-00124-00024976-00025230 to check out crazy greg films on youtube
+nGOTU2vUckA-00125-00025231-00025342 click the link down there in the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00126-00025343-00025414 description
+nGOTU2vUckA-00127-00025415-00025694 below here is dreamscaper behind me the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00128-00025695-00025990 game we published on august 14th that is
+nGOTU2vUckA-00129-00025991-00026302 out now there is a discount of 25
+nGOTU2vUckA-00130-00026304-00026599 off which you can avail if you get it
+nGOTU2vUckA-00131-00026600-00026718 before
+nGOTU2vUckA-00132-00026719-00026990 august 20th that's when the sale ends
+nGOTU2vUckA-00133-00026991-00027214 the link to buying dreamscaper on steam
+nGOTU2vUckA-00134-00027216-00027414 is down there in the description below
+nGOTU2vUckA-00135-00027416-00027614 check it out if you're curious about our
+nGOTU2vUckA-00136-00027616-00027751 very first
+nGOTU2vUckA-00137-00027752-00028039 published game as freedom games also
+nGOTU2vUckA-00138-00028039-00028311 check out our website behind me
+nGOTU2vUckA-00139-00028312-00028670 it is www.freedom.gg
+nGOTU2vUckA-00140-00028672-00028783 the link is down there in the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00141-00028783-00029079 description below this is our very
+nGOTU2vUckA-00142-00029080-00029343 first shiny new product and we will have
+nGOTU2vUckA-00143-00029344-00029423 many more
+nGOTU2vUckA-00144-00029424-00029735 coming all connected to game publishing
+nGOTU2vUckA-00145-00029736-00029879 and freedom games
+nGOTU2vUckA-00146-00029880-00030039 if you would like to apply for a
+nGOTU2vUckA-00147-00030039-00030239 position at freedom
+nGOTU2vUckA-00148-00030239-00030511 these are our current job opportunities
+nGOTU2vUckA-00149-00030512-00030607 you can apply
+nGOTU2vUckA-00150-00030608-00030951 at jobs.freedom.tm
+nGOTU2vUckA-00151-00030952-00031079 the link is down there in the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00152-00031080-00031302 description below you know the drill
+nGOTU2vUckA-00153-00031303-00031558 we will be adding more positions over
+nGOTU2vUckA-00154-00031560-00031702 time but currently
+nGOTU2vUckA-00155-00031703-00031846 these are the three that we are looking
+nGOTU2vUckA-00156-00031847-00032039 to fill as soon as possible
+nGOTU2vUckA-00157-00032039-00032223 now let's read some of your deserving
+nGOTU2vUckA-00158-00032224-00032414 comments freedom family starting with
+nGOTU2vUckA-00159-00032416-00032502 tech chip
+nGOTU2vUckA-00160-00032503-00032758 2.0 who wrote i love this game
+nGOTU2vUckA-00161-00032760-00032855 dreamscaper
+nGOTU2vUckA-00162-00032856-00033207 great job love from me to freedom team
+nGOTU2vUckA-00163-00033208-00033423 send us links to the videos and live
+nGOTU2vUckA-00164-00033424-00033518 streams you make
+nGOTU2vUckA-00165-00033519-00033679 about dreamscaper down there in the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00166-00033680-00033918 comments below we would love to see them
+nGOTU2vUckA-00167-00033919-00034135 and feature them on future episodes of
+nGOTU2vUckA-00168-00034136-00034239 the george show
+nGOTU2vUckA-00169-00034240-00034471 fine gaming connoisseur did send his
+nGOTU2vUckA-00170-00034472-00034559 launch day
+nGOTU2vUckA-00171-00034560-00034855 gameplay video of dreams dreamscaper
+nGOTU2vUckA-00172-00034856-00034951 let's have a look
+nGOTU2vUckA-00173-00034952-00035439 roll it look he's using time stamps
+nGOTU2vUckA-00174-00035440-00035735 and youtube chapters so we can jump to
+nGOTU2vUckA-00175-00035736-00035871 the moments that
+nGOTU2vUckA-00176-00035872-00036351 excite us the most let's try this one
+nGOTU2vUckA-00177-00036352-00036679 and the art style reminds me of a game
+nGOTU2vUckA-00178-00036680-00036879 from the 1990s
+nGOTU2vUckA-00179-00036880-00037015 pretty cool i think it's from the early
+nGOTU2vUckA-00180-00037016-00037727 90s how about combat is fluid
+nGOTU2vUckA-00181-00037728-00038039 you get the idea the link to fine gaming
+nGOTU2vUckA-00182-00038040-00038215 connoisseur's dreamscaper video
+nGOTU2vUckA-00183-00038216-00038430 is down there in the description below
+nGOTU2vUckA-00184-00038431-00038662 men who stare at games now that's a
+nGOTU2vUckA-00185-00038663-00038767 title
+nGOTU2vUckA-00186-00038768-00039023 wrote thanks a lot for the code and i've
+nGOTU2vUckA-00187-00039024-00039262 just uploaded my first episode
+nGOTU2vUckA-00188-00039263-00039559 we gave you freedom family game keys to
+nGOTU2vUckA-00189-00039560-00039767 dreamscaper so you don't have to buy the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00190-00039768-00039839 game
+nGOTU2vUckA-00191-00039840-00040087 you're able to get it for free just by
+nGOTU2vUckA-00192-00040088-00040271 being a freedom partner
+nGOTU2vUckA-00193-00040272-00040415 if you want to make videos about
+nGOTU2vUckA-00194-00040416-00040590 dreamscaper don't
+nGOTU2vUckA-00195-00040591-00040862 have the key yet just email support
+nGOTU2vUckA-00196-00040863-00040958 freedom.tm
+nGOTU2vUckA-00197-00040959-00041367 we'll gladly send you one so he wrote
+nGOTU2vUckA-00198-00041368-00041558 hope you like it the game is really good
+nGOTU2vUckA-00199-00041559-00041735 looking and fun to play
+nGOTU2vUckA-00200-00041736-00041999 send us your video we'd love to see it
+nGOTU2vUckA-00201-00042000-00042167 men who stare at games
+nGOTU2vUckA-00202-00042168-00042415 red team review wrote george i hope you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00203-00042416-00042607 and freedom don't venture too far into
+nGOTU2vUckA-00204-00042608-00042702 video gaming
+nGOTU2vUckA-00205-00042703-00043071 and leave the mcn business behind never
+nGOTU2vUckA-00206-00043072-00043327 we are doing this to enhance the mcn
+nGOTU2vUckA-00207-00043328-00043511 business so we can give opportunities
+nGOTU2vUckA-00208-00043512-00043655 like voice acting
+nGOTU2vUckA-00209-00043656-00043862 and promotional opportunities for new
+nGOTU2vUckA-00210-00043863-00043967 games that i hope
+nGOTU2vUckA-00211-00043968-00044246 all of you will love we're focusing on
+nGOTU2vUckA-00212-00044247-00044351 game publishing
+nGOTU2vUckA-00213-00044352-00044551 in the recent episodes just because it's
+nGOTU2vUckA-00214-00044552-00044767 brand new and we just launched it
+nGOTU2vUckA-00215-00044768-00045015 but yes freedom the youtube network and
+nGOTU2vUckA-00216-00045016-00045111 freedom games
+nGOTU2vUckA-00217-00045112-00045343 the game publishing division are going
+nGOTU2vUckA-00218-00045344-00045527 to be equally supported
+nGOTU2vUckA-00219-00045528-00045807 by us awkwardly vince wrote i have some
+nGOTU2vUckA-00220-00045808-00046007 human commentary but only like 15
+nGOTU2vUckA-00221-00046008-00046087 seconds
+nGOTU2vUckA-00222-00046088-00046374 would that be enough please reply he is
+nGOTU2vUckA-00223-00046375-00046495 asking about
+nGOTU2vUckA-00224-00046496-00046807 ypp suspensions due to no commentary
+nGOTU2vUckA-00225-00046808-00047199 click that i to see the video behind me
+nGOTU2vUckA-00226-00047200-00047495 this one here so you can keep your
+nGOTU2vUckA-00227-00047496-00047735 channel safe to answer your question
+nGOTU2vUckA-00228-00047736-00047990 awkwardly vince no 15 seconds is not
+nGOTU2vUckA-00229-00047991-00048111 enough typically
+nGOTU2vUckA-00230-00048112-00048502 you want to have at least 25 to 50
+nGOTU2vUckA-00231-00048503-00048767 of your video with your original human
+nGOTU2vUckA-00232-00048768-00048855 commentary
+nGOTU2vUckA-00233-00048856-00049062 at a minimum ideally you want to have
+nGOTU2vUckA-00234-00049063-00049255 the human commentary throughout the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00235-00049256-00049374 entire video
+nGOTU2vUckA-00236-00049375-00049574 let's stop there freedom family i hope
+nGOTU2vUckA-00237-00049575-00049702 you enjoyed this video
+nGOTU2vUckA-00238-00049703-00050007 who am i i am your papa george your
+nGOTU2vUckA-00239-00050008-00050255 george sunpi your obi-wan george nobi
+nGOTU2vUckA-00240-00050256-00050439 and many other names you the beautiful
+nGOTU2vUckA-00241-00050440-00050686 freedom family has given me
+nGOTU2vUckA-00242-00050687-00051207 i am the ceo and founder of freedom
+nGOTU2vUckA-00243-00051208-00051494 for freedom and the freedom family where
+nGOTU2vUckA-00244-00051495-00051558 we all
+nGOTU2vUckA-00245-00051559-00051863 help each other grow together as a
+nGOTU2vUckA-00246-00051864-00051975 family
+nGOTU2vUckA-00247-00051976-00052175 i went swimming yesterday for one
+nGOTU2vUckA-00248-00052176-00052382 kilometer and the day before that i went
+nGOTU2vUckA-00249-00052383-00052623 to the gym for 30 minutes
+nGOTU2vUckA-00250-00052624-00052887 pretty intense bicycle and weight
+nGOTU2vUckA-00251-00052888-00052942 training
+nGOTU2vUckA-00252-00052944-00053126 what have you guys done how are you
+nGOTU2vUckA-00253-00053127-00053287 keeping fit and healthy
+nGOTU2vUckA-00254-00053288-00053559 the irony is today i woke up to a bit of
+nGOTU2vUckA-00255-00053560-00053742 a stuffy runny nose
+nGOTU2vUckA-00256-00053744-00054126 so i am getting my exercise but still i
+nGOTU2vUckA-00257-00054127-00054391 get the common cold this is not
+nGOTU2vUckA-00258-00054391-00054711 the coronavirus this is just a regular
+nGOTU2vUckA-00259-00054712-00055038 cold i hope you are all keeping safe and
+nGOTU2vUckA-00260-00055039-00055094 healthy
+nGOTU2vUckA-00261-00055095-00055279 until the next episode if you like this
+nGOTU2vUckA-00262-00055279-00055438 video click the like button and
+nGOTU2vUckA-00263-00055439-00055647 subscribe to freedom central
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00267-00056888-00057338 oh you're dreaming about love
+nGOTU2vUckA-00268-00057339-00058847 [Music]
+nGOTU2vUckA-00269-00058848-00059150 click that i to partner with freedom and
+nGOTU2vUckA-00270-00059151-00059215 join
+nGOTU2vUckA-00271-00059216-00059494 the freedom family so we can all grow
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00274-00059879-00060007 epidemic sound
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00278-00060664-00060894 grow just click the links down there in
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00282-00061327-00061566 our discord chat servers meet our
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00284-00061679-00061919 meet our community team all of that on
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00286-00062136-00062359 what are you waiting for get started and
+nGOTU2vUckA-00287-00062360-00062438 we will grow
+nGOTU2vUckA-00288-00062439-00062775 together as a family because this is the
+nGOTU2vUckA-00289-00062776-00062847 freedom
+nGOTU2vUckA-00290-00062848-00063182 family you are part of it we are all
+nGOTU2vUckA-00291-00063183-00063279 part of it
+nGOTU2vUckA-00292-00063279-00063591 and we're all growing together to get
+nGOTU2vUckA-00293-00063591-00063671 more george
+nGOTU2vUckA-00294-00063672-00063966 click that big f that will subscribe you
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00296-00064007-00064311 freedom central home of the george show
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00298-00064464-00064711 family a big shout out click
+nGOTU2vUckA-00299-00064712-00064935 that video to see the shout out and to
+nGOTU2vUckA-00300-00064936-00065126 see our new 3d sets for you
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+nGOTU2vUckA-00302-00065327-00065454 recommends you watch
+nGOTU2vUckA-00303-00065455-00065744 next
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00000-00000048-00000286 welcome to my lecture on the many
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00001-00000287-00000471 benefits of humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00002-00000472-00000734 we can't possibly treat this topic
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00003-00000735-00001031 exhaustively there's just too much
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00004-00001032-00001295 but i hope you get a flavor of it and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00005-00001296-00001639 enjoy yourself while you're at it it has
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00006-00001639-00001718 been said
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00007-00001719-00002007 that the surest way to make a joke not
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00008-00002007-00002079 funny
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00009-00002080-00002439 is to study it uh you take humor and you
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00010-00002440-00002750 apply serious research methods to it
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00011-00002751-00003095 and you pretty much have a serious
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00012-00003096-00003438 non-funny lecture
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00013-00003439-00003727 that may be the case here but the point
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00014-00003728-00003767 is
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00015-00003768-00003943 that if you're looking at the benefits
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00016-00003944-00004175 of humor what you really want
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00017-00004176-00004351 is not a bunch of people sitting around
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00018-00004352-00004615 saying hey i like humor because
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00019-00004616-00004863 what you want is to look at scholars in
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00020-00004864-00005143 various fields who've studied humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00021-00005144-00005606 and who found benefits in their research
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00022-00005607-00005838 so yes there is such a thing as humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00023-00005839-00005943 studies
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00024-00005944-00006270 um humor itself is even a science
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00025-00006271-00006598 uh by today's definition of science
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00026-00006600-00006975 um and humor scholarship can be found
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00027-00006976-00007255 in so many different areas and we'll see
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00028-00007256-00007359 examples
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00029-00007359-00007678 in this lecture scholars
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00030-00007679-00008103 who study business the workplace
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00031-00008104-00008614 human resources education politics
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00032-00008615-00009031 medicine healing psychology sociology
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00033-00009032-00009351 all of those areas are are fair game
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00034-00009352-00009695 for humor study and we're going to see
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00035-00009696-00009831 some examples of
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00036-00009832-00010167 lots of different areas coming up humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00037-00010168-00010399 is a bonding device
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00038-00010400-00010638 it has been shown to reduce distance
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00039-00010639-00010719 between
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00040-00010720-00010991 the teller and the listener it's very
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00041-00010992-00011071 important
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00042-00011072-00011374 in the workplace whether it's between
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00043-00011375-00011631 a superior subordinate or people who are
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00044-00011632-00011774 at the same level
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00045-00011775-00012014 people who are in the same team and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00046-00012015-00012214 research has shown that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00047-00012215-00012535 in the workplace humor can boost
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00048-00012536-00012894 employee morale even lead to improved
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00049-00012895-00013046 productivity
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00050-00013047-00013358 which is always important
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00051-00013359-00013727 facilitate communication
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00052-00013728-00014094 admittedly sometimes humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00053-00014095-00014279 can get in the way of communication if
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00054-00014280-00014543 something is is misstated
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00055-00014544-00014807 uh and if if humor is used in the wrong
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00056-00014808-00015063 way we will actually look at in a later
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00057-00015063-00015191 lecture
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00058-00015191-00015399 um at the topic of toxic humor in the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00059-00015400-00015494 workplace
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00060-00015495-00015727 and how that comes about and what we can
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00061-00015728-00015886 do about it
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00062-00015887-00016143 uh humor has been shown to help build
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00063-00016144-00016247 relationships
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00064-00016247-00016599 bonding device facilitate cohesiveness
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00065-00016600-00016647 of a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00066-00016648-00017158 group belonging for sure
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00067-00017159-00017422 help build relationships this sounds
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00068-00017423-00017550 like it might be repetit
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00069-00017551-00017743 repetitive but i'm not changing it at
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00070-00017744-00017927 this point
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00071-00017928-00018239 and of course enhance organizational
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00072-00018240-00018294 culture
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00073-00018295-00018614 since with humor we're establishing
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00074-00018615-00018719 bonds and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00075-00018720-00019047 a group sense of group belonging and so
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00076-00019048-00019183 it can only help
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00077-00019184-00019407 organizational culture as opposed to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00078-00019408-00019711 splitting people apart
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00079-00019712-00019991 now an example of a an area that was
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00080-00019992-00020079 studied
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00081-00020080-00020255 one of the more interesting examples i
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00082-00020256-00020511 think is some researchers
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00083-00020512-00020863 uh studied humor among sex workers
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00084-00020864-00021199 and found that prostitutes used humor as
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00085-00021200-00021486 a way to bond and not only that but to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00086-00021487-00021583 cope
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00087-00021584-00021830 um with the the difficulties in their
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00088-00021831-00021983 workplace
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00089-00021984-00022255 reduced stress what they would do is
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00090-00022256-00022294 they would
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00091-00022295-00022607 mock their clients behind obviously not
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00092-00022608-00022791 when the clients were around
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00093-00022792-00023150 um and um and and share stories
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00094-00023151-00023319 isn't that nice to know yeah let's all
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00095-00023320-00023494 stay away from prostitutes
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00096-00023495-00023719 um but it's a very it's very interesting
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00097-00023720-00023830 when you think about one of the more
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00098-00023831-00023999 interesting studies because
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00099-00024000-00024358 um in in that kind of a situation
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00100-00024359-00024719 if humor can help reduce stress
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00101-00024720-00025047 with among female sex workers
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00102-00025048-00025350 well how much can it help in
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00103-00025351-00025591 other kinds of stress stressful
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00104-00025592-00025734 professions
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00105-00025735-00025902 like professors who have to speak
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00106-00025904-00026046 clearly when they do their
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00107-00026047-00026383 lectures on uh on youtube yes
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00108-00026383-00026735 let's think about that for a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00109-00026736-00027095 humor minute education is an obvious fit
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00110-00027095-00027367 uh in fact research has shown that uh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00111-00027368-00027646 humor decreases students anxiety
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00112-00027647-00027887 helps them perform on a test if their
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00113-00027888-00028135 anxiety is reduced
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00114-00028136-00028327 improves the ability to learn and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00115-00028327-00028511 remember what you have learned if
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00116-00028512-00028735 something is presented
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00117-00028736-00028951 in the in a humorous context you
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00118-00028952-00029223 remember it better
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00119-00029224-00029567 it can boost students self-esteem
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00120-00029568-00029774 it can bring the student closer to the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00121-00029775-00029983 teacher remember this notion of reducing
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00122-00029983-00030095 distance
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00123-00030095-00030487 between the teller and the listener
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00124-00030488-00030823 and naturally encourage a more receptive
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00125-00030824-00031143 learning atmosphere for the same reasons
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00126-00031144-00031374 and it's interesting to note um that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00127-00031375-00031558 humor in the classroom
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00128-00031560-00031902 quote-unquote uh goes back to to the to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00129-00031903-00032087 ancient times
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00130-00032088-00032374 um the time of the uh that of the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00131-00032375-00032574 talmudic sages
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00132-00032575-00032990 uh about 1700 years ago um
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00133-00032991-00033271 rabbah a very very famous talmudic sage
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00134-00033272-00033351 would always
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00135-00033352-00033574 say something humorous before he started
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00136-00033575-00033711 his class which is
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00137-00033712-00033862 something a lot of teachers still do
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00138-00033863-00034143 today politicians are known to do that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00139-00034144-00034318 you start with a joke
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00140-00034319-00034590 and people are more receptive they laugh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00141-00034591-00034646 and then
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00142-00034647-00034823 he would begin his lecture and the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00143-00034824-00035118 audience would be more engaged
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00144-00035119-00035446 another talmudic sage rabbi mayer
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00145-00035447-00035702 was an expert in fox fables kind of like
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00146-00035703-00035927 aesop's fables
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00147-00035928-00036287 and fully one-third of his lectures were
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00148-00036288-00036502 devoted to parables
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00149-00036503-00036702 presumably the parables were related to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00150-00036703-00036983 the topic of the lecture
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00151-00036984-00037215 i guess similar to my youtube videos in
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00152-00037216-00037374 this course
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00153-00037375-00037799 and um they were also they they would
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00154-00037800-00037983 help engagement because they were
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00155-00037984-00038118 humorous
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00156-00038119-00038511 and relevant so it's interesting to note
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00157-00038512-00038543 that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00158-00038544-00038807 humor has been used in education since
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00159-00038808-00038935 ancient times
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00160-00038936-00039246 and not only secular education but even
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00161-00039247-00039518 in religious instruction
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00162-00039519-00039774 one of the modalities by which uh this
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00163-00039775-00039879 sort of humor and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00164-00039880-00040174 any humor in the classroom works is no
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00165-00040175-00040279 doubt
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00166-00040280-00040583 uh by reducing the distance between
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00167-00040584-00040911 the teacher and the students
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00168-00040912-00041102 you establish a bond you establish a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00169-00041103-00041327 relationship when you use humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00170-00041328-00041558 uh doesn't say it over here in the slide
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00171-00041559-00041655 but in particular
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00172-00041656-00041983 self-deprecating humor uh happens to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00173-00041984-00042351 to do that um a warm human relationship
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00174-00042352-00042511 we look at the instructor more as a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00175-00042512-00042646 human being
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00176-00042647-00042967 uh instead of somebody hopefully that we
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00177-00042968-00043062 should get around
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00178-00043063-00043302 and and and get one over on let's say
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00179-00043303-00043415 that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00180-00043416-00043711 um and that and then it's a very nice
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00181-00043712-00043871 quote victor borja the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00182-00043872-00044127 danish comedian uh if you haven't seen
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00183-00044128-00044215 anything of his
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00184-00044216-00044511 look him up um laughter is the shortest
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00185-00044512-00044735 distance between two people
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00186-00044736-00045118 very funny guy one study that was
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00187-00045119-00045318 interesting to me because you know
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00188-00045319-00045527 seinfeld
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00189-00045528-00045695 students were shown an episode of
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00190-00045696-00045983 seinfeld before they had to do
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00191-00045984-00046351 a stressful
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00192-00046352-00046574 project and but what that was is they
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00193-00046575-00046799 had to give an impromptu speech
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00194-00046800-00047111 in front of a camera which is stressful
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00195-00047112-00047343 students who had not watched the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00196-00047344-00047558 seinfeld episode
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00197-00047559-00047879 um their heart rates heartbeats rose to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00198-00047880-00047927 an
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00199-00047928-00048246 a hundred on the average 100 and the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00200-00048247-00048439 ones who had
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00201-00048440-00048758 uh they only rose to 80 to 85 beats per
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00202-00048759-00048951 minute
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00203-00048952-00049262 um so if you reduce anxiety
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00204-00049263-00049446 you're if you use humor to reduce
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00205-00049447-00049655 anxiety reduce stress
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00206-00049656-00049958 um the result is that uh the students
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00207-00049959-00050118 are better able to cope
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00208-00050119-00050495 um with what they have to do for class
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00209-00050496-00050783 advertising is one field which needed no
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00210-00050784-00050830 help
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00211-00050831-00051030 in understanding the value of humor they
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00212-00051031-00051214 were putting humor in their ads
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00213-00051215-00051542 uh before um researchers uh were
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00214-00051544-00051702 studying what it did
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00215-00051703-00051846 uh but the fact of the matter is that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00216-00051847-00052087 there has been a lot of humor and a lot
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00217-00052088-00052126 of the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00218-00052127-00052438 study of humor in advertising just a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00219-00052439-00052679 couple of examples
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00220-00052679-00053007 one study analyzed over 1 000 television
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00221-00053008-00053199 commercials
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00222-00053200-00053511 on 150 different elements and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00223-00053512-00053863 found a very high correlation between
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00224-00053864-00054047 humor and recall that was the highest
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00225-00054048-00054166 correlation that they
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00226-00054167-00054350 that they found in the whole in in that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00227-00054351-00054630 whole study and all the 150 elements
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00228-00054632-00054999 uh with each other um so people are and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00229-00055000-00055223 you know as a as a person who views
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00230-00055224-00055438 commercials i'm sure you agree with that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00231-00055439-00055479 you
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00232-00055479-00055750 much more likely to uh remember a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00233-00055751-00055887 commercial that you've seen
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00234-00055888-00056207 if there was humor involved
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00235-00056208-00056438 and there you go another study uh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00236-00056439-00056542 corroborated
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00237-00056544-00056887 uh 17 more viewers uh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00238-00056888-00057175 remembered a commercial if it was
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00239-00057176-00057238 humorous
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00240-00057239-00057719 as opposed to the typical uh commercial
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00241-00057720-00057982 um i don't know if you even remember the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00242-00057983-00058135 humorous milk campaign
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00243-00058136-00058382 by the milk industry uh but yes it
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00244-00058383-00058542 definitely was remembered by people
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00245-00058544-00058742 because it was humorous
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00246-00058744-00059103 um in the next slide
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00247-00059104-00059454 we'll see a commercial from
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00248-00059455-00059719 israel for the israeli television
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00249-00059720-00059894 provider yes
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00250-00059895-00060111 which uses many of the devices we
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00251-00060112-00060326 studied in the previous lecture
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00252-00060327-00060750 um on the the different types of humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00253-00060751-00061094 and it's a a parody of uh the village
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00254-00061095-00061142 people
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00255-00061144-00061526 song um the ymca and i'm telling you all
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00256-00061527-00061694 this now because i'm having a little
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00257-00061695-00061815 trouble getting
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00258-00061816-00062111 my narration and the youtube audio to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00259-00062112-00062391 work together on the same slide
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00260-00062391-00062582 so we're going to the next one now and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00261-00062583-00062838 we'll we'll take a look at it
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00262-00062839-00063287 for now i'm not including uh videos
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00263-00063288-00063582 to play in my lectures there are a few
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00264-00063583-00063782 issues related to that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00265-00063783-00063975 so this might be a good time for you to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00266-00063976-00064238 pause and click on the link
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00267-00064239-00064679 and view the video on your own
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00268-00064679-00064887 uh medicine and the healing professions
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00269-00064888-00065071 it's another area where
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00270-00065072-00065311 uh there's a lot of research i i think
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00271-00065312-00065375 i'm
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00272-00065376-00065694 have more examples here than actual uh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00273-00065695-00065903 sources which but you can find it all
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00274-00065904-00066094 over the place even the expression
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00275-00066095-00066319 laughter is the best medicine
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00276-00066320-00066567 shows you how important uh humor is to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00277-00066568-00066638 medicine and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00278-00066639-00066950 healing for one thing yes there is such
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00279-00066951-00067111 a thing as a medical clown
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00280-00067112-00067326 there are schools that you can go to to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00281-00067327-00067511 become a medical clown
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00282-00067512-00067791 it's an actual profession that's how
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00283-00067792-00068006 important humor is to medicine
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00284-00068007-00068350 hospitals employ them and i know anyone
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00285-00068351-00068575 watching this video now and listening to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00286-00068576-00068743 my voice is probably
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00287-00068744-00069055 scrambling to write down look up
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00288-00069056-00069215 schools for medical clowns because i'm
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00289-00069216-00069382 changing my career
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00290-00069383-00069550 who wouldn't want to be a medical clown
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00291-00069551-00069767 that's amazing
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00292-00069768-00070087 two very well known examples
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00293-00070088-00070438 norman cousins wrote a book decades ago
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00294-00070439-00070750 about how he uh coped with
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00295-00070751-00071094 and eventually came out of extremely
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00296-00071095-00071247 painful disease
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00297-00071248-00071550 he made sure that he watched several
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00298-00071551-00071694 minutes a day
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00299-00071695-00072055 of funny television shows that provoked
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00300-00072056-00072262 very strong laughter in him had to be
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00301-00072263-00072526 very funny shows
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00302-00072527-00072862 um and the the actor christopher reeve
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00303-00072863-00073175 who was in the early superman movies
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00304-00073176-00073487 uh he after a riding accident
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00305-00073488-00073831 he was paralyzed from the neck down
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00306-00073832-00074094 very morose he was very upset he was
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00307-00074095-00074279 contemplating suicide this is
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00308-00074280-00074575 his initial hospitalization all of a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00309-00074576-00074775 sudden a doctor comes in
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00310-00074776-00075119 in a white coat and a mask and talking a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00311-00075120-00075279 mile a minute in a heavy
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00312-00075280-00075582 russian accent and he says he's going to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00313-00075583-00075671 cure him
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00314-00075672-00075879 he's a practologist and he's going to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00315-00075880-00076055 examine him right now he's going to do a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00316-00076056-00076279 practical logical exam
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00317-00076280-00076582 um and when
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00318-00076583-00076871 obviously pretty pretty quickly while
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00319-00076872-00077023 christopher reeve was a little bit
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00320-00077024-00077143 panicky
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00321-00077144-00077471 um the doctor revealed himself
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00322-00077472-00077767 as robin williams who's a friend of his
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00323-00077768-00078006 and when christopher reeve in in his
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00324-00078007-00078182 book that he wrote about his his
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00325-00078183-00078335 experiences
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00326-00078336-00078567 uh referred to this anecdote to this
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00327-00078568-00078719 time period he said that was the first
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00328-00078720-00078871 time he laughed
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00329-00078872-00079087 and the laughter gave him hope and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00330-00079088-00079359 changed his life
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00331-00079360-00079606 specifically cancer patients and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00332-00079607-00079759 chemotherapy patients
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00333-00079760-00080094 and especially younger people teenage
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00334-00080095-00080423 chemotherapy patients have their own
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00335-00080424-00080767 support groups websites that help them
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00336-00080768-00080950 out but in particular there are some
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00337-00080951-00081150 support groups and websites
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00338-00081151-00081447 that are are devoted to uh humor the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00339-00081448-00081647 humor of being a cancer patient believe
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00340-00081648-00081735 it or not
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00341-00081736-00082038 one example is um
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00342-00082039-00082182 i don't have to worry about my shampoo
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00343-00082183-00082406 anymore because my hair fell out from
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00344-00082407-00082526 chemotherapy
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00345-00082527-00082799 and it's uh that's that's a little piece
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00346-00082800-00082959 of humor you might not
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00347-00082960-00083111 you know you might think it's tragic
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00348-00083112-00083343 humor and possibly it is
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00349-00083344-00083615 um but it's a way of coping uh if you
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00350-00083616-00083767 just do a little google search on this
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00351-00083768-00083918 i'm sure you'll come up with a lot of
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00352-00083919-00084118 examples on your own
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00353-00084119-00084287 so i'm not going to belabor the point
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00354-00084288-00084503 except to say that i had a student
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00355-00084504-00084838 years ago who was at baruch
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00356-00084839-00085031 and going through chemo while she was
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00357-00085032-00085262 still continuing in college
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00358-00085263-00085655 um and her she's coming through um
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00359-00085656-00085911 to the vertical campus building in the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00360-00085912-00086006 days when
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00361-00086007-00086231 they still allowed smoking right outside
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00362-00086232-00086343 the doors
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00363-00086344-00086638 instead of the situation well before
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00364-00086639-00086718 covet
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00365-00086719-00086862 uh where you were not a lot of smoke
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00366-00086863-00087055 right outside the doors uh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00367-00087056-00087279 so she passed a friend of hers a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00368-00087280-00087375 classmate
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00369-00087376-00087631 who offered her a cigarette and she said
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00370-00087632-00087950 no thanks i already have cancer
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00371-00087951-00088199 similarly there's a huge body of humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00372-00088200-00088415 by and for
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00373-00088416-00088775 disabled people um and again i'm not
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00374-00088776-00088815 going to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00375-00088816-00088982 look at it you're that you can find a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00376-00088983-00089150 lot of it on you and i have a friend
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00377-00089151-00089215 who's
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00378-00089216-00089567 writing a a book uh an entire book on
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00379-00089568-00089775 um you know humor related to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00380-00089776-00089894 disabilities
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00381-00089895-00090215 by and for disabled people um
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00382-00090216-00090550 this little image here is is adorable uh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00383-00090551-00090767 disabilities awareness training it
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00384-00090768-00090918 reminds me of something that could have
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00385-00090919-00090967 occurred
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00386-00090968-00091191 it could have appeared in an episode of
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00387-00091192-00091447 the television show the office
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00388-00091448-00091782 but it didn't but it could have
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00389-00091783-00092103 we've already seen that humor can reduce
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00390-00092104-00092415 anxiety in students and basically
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00391-00092416-00092782 overall in in anyone in any situation
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00392-00092783-00093126 uh humor relaxes people uh reduces
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00393-00093127-00093335 anxiety reduces tension
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00394-00093336-00093655 it's basically a stress buster so when
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00395-00093656-00093862 necessary humor can definitely act as a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00396-00093863-00094071 stress buster
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00397-00094072-00094311 it can be used in relationships it can
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00398-00094312-00094479 be used in education
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00399-00094480-00094735 and believe it or not it can be used in
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00400-00094736-00094862 getting even and we'll see
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00401-00094863-00095182 uh one or two examples now but we'll
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00402-00095183-00095359 look at this much more
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00403-00095360-00095687 in a later lecture on uh social justice
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00404-00095688-00095791 humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00405-00095792-00096094 and how humor can be used in the service
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00406-00096095-00096511 of social justice here's an example
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00407-00096512-00096838 of humor being used as a stress buster
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00408-00096839-00097182 and an educational tool
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00409-00097183-00097471 great comic uh once again i'm going to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00410-00097472-00097671 ask you to pause this
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00411-00097672-00097862 slideshow depending on how you're
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00412-00097863-00098031 viewing it
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00413-00098032-00098231 and click on the link you'll be going to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00414-00098232-00098423 youtube to watch this
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00415-00098424-00098838 very funny brief bit
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00416-00098839-00099150 some examples of getting even humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00417-00099151-00099303 uh and i'm sure you have more to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00418-00099304-00099494 contribute on your own
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00419-00099495-00099838 it's going from bottom to top your one
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00420-00099839-00100103 of the required viewings in this course
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00421-00100104-00100431 is the movie the producers by mel brooks
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00422-00100432-00100823 goes back to 1967.
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00423-00100824-00101103 mel brooks uh said that his movie the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00424-00101104-00101206 producers
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00425-00101207-00101415 was a way of getting even with hitler he
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00426-00101416-00101599 sent it straight out
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00427-00101600-00101815 of course it's impossible to really get
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00428-00101816-00101982 even with hitler
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00429-00101983-00102318 um but he felt that by using comedy
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00430-00102319-00102727 to mock you rob hitler of his power
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00431-00102728-00103039 and any possibility of of building myths
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00432-00103040-00103358 around him uh this was
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00433-00103359-00103702 this is his his words and um
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00434-00103703-00103863 i'm very happy to have it because it
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00435-00103864-00103990 matches the kinds of things we're
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00436-00103991-00104230 talking about in this class
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00437-00104231-00104710 um how about women getting even
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00438-00104711-00105102 for sexist treatment by men
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00439-00105103-00105343 a woman needs a brain transplant the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00440-00105344-00105566 doctor tells her well
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00441-00105567-00105751 a man's brain costs eight hundred
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00442-00105752-00105975 thousand dollars a woman's brain only
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00443-00105976-00106199 costs one hundred thousand dollars
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00444-00106200-00106510 naturally she gets offended and asks why
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00445-00106511-00106583 the doctor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00446-00106583-00106847 says that's because women's brains have
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00447-00106848-00107134 been used they're marked down
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00448-00107135-00107407 um that's a targeted targeted joke not
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00449-00107408-00107543 at women but at men
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00450-00107544-00107983 finally uh and then taurian
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00451-00107983-00108310 very very good stuff
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00452-00108311-00108519 if you're black in america you're
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00453-00108520-00108678 relatively well spoken
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00454-00108679-00108958 well dressed well educated sooner or
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00455-00108959-00109134 later you can count on one of your white
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00456-00109135-00109254 contemporaries
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00457-00109255-00109551 with the very best of intentions turning
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00458-00109552-00109807 to you and saying something like
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00459-00109808-00110039 you're so cool sometimes i actually have
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00460-00110040-00110199 trouble remembering your block you know
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00461-00110200-00110271 like that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00462-00110272-00110566 that's a compliment no i mean that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00463-00110567-00110839 sometimes i really forget you're black
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00464-00110840-00110999 yeah well let me marry your sister i'm
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00465-00111000-00111271 sure it'll pop right back into your mind
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00466-00111272-00111607 getting even humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00467-00111608-00111790 another wonderful example of getting
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00468-00111791-00111927 even humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00469-00111928-00112110 i'm hoping you're going to pause this
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00470-00112111-00112334 slideshow and go to that link and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00471-00112335-00112647 hear him tell it on his own a very very
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00472-00112648-00112839 frenetic delivery
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00473-00112840-00113102 um and and there's nothing like uh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00474-00113103-00113223 hearing as opposed to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00475-00113224-00113510 reading it so that's it for me you
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00476-00113511-00113671 should definitely look at that on your
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00477-00113672-00113783 own
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00478-00113783-00114119 irony and satire at the time of um that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00479-00114120-00114295 i'm recording this lecture
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00480-00114296-00114766 september 2020 um
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00481-00114767-00115127 there was this was passed around
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00482-00115128-00115454 quite a bit on facebook an image
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00483-00115455-00115799 from a news source residents of
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00484-00115800-00116071 a quiet rhineland city awoke monday to
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00485-00116072-00116215 discover
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00486-00116216-00116623 what was defaced uh nazi resting place
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00487-00116624-00116766 was defaced
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00488-00116767-00117071 um with images of uh
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00489-00117072-00117423 the jewish star six-pointed star
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00490-00117424-00117623 uh the word israel there were chosen
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00491-00117624-00117734 people
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00492-00117735-00118110 um and uh it it's a lot of
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00493-00118111-00118495 people thought this was um true news
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00494-00118496-00118854 real news but the source uh was actually
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00495-00118855-00118975 the onion
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00496-00118976-00119143 and anything that comes from the onion
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00497-00119144-00119375 as you know is simply humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00498-00119376-00119647 and this was clearly a take off on the
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00499-00119648-00119807 jewish cemeteries that
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00500-00119808-00120358 have been defaced with nazi images
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00501-00120359-00120534 do this on your own that's just a
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00502-00120535-00120710 picture of a web page
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00503-00120711-00121054 uh go to the link to a page which is
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00504-00121055-00121423 titled laughter is the best medicine and
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00505-00121424-00121734 they list lots and lots of benefits of
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00506-00121735-00121883 humor
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00507-00121883-00122166 um you know many more than what we have
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00508-00122167-00122899 discussed here in this lecture
+nHvdtnZn83Y-00509-00122900-00123200 today
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00000-00000024-00000684 foreign
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00001-00000685-00000923 welcome back to thecube's live coverage
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00002-00000924-00001289 of AWS reinvented 2022 live from the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00003-00001290-00001577 Venetian Expo in Las Vegas we're happy
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00004-00001578-00001763 to be back this is the first full day of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00005-00001764-00001955 coverage we were here last night we've
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00006-00001955-00002123 got three full days of coverage in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00007-00002124-00002284 addition to last night and there's about
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00008-00002285-00002597 50 000 people here this event is ready
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00009-00002598-00002807 people are ready to be back which is so
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00010-00002808-00002981 exciting Lisa Martin here with Paul
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00011-00002982-00003149 Gillen Paul it's great to be back in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00012-00003150-00003383 person great to be hosting with you and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00013-00003384-00003563 likewise with you Lisa I think the first
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00014-00003564-00003713 time we've hosted it it is our first
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00015-00003714-00003911 time exactly and we come here to the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00016-00003911-00004097 biggest event that the cube ever does
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00017-00004098-00004265 during the year it's the Super Bowl of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00018-00004266-00004493 the cube it's it's elbow to Elbow out
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00019-00004494-00004720 there it's it's it's a full tackle
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00020-00004721-00004961 football totally on the floor of re
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00021-00004962-00005213 invent and very exciting uh this you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00022-00005214-00005363 know I've been to a lot of conferences
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00023-00005364-00005597 Going Back 40 years longer than I can
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00024-00005598-00005885 remember going to Tech conferences this
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00025-00005886-00006113 one the the intensity the excitement
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00026-00006114-00006370 around this is really unusual uh people
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00027-00006371-00006563 at jazz are excited to be here and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00028-00006564-00006814 that's great to see particularly coming
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00029-00006815-00006995 back from two years of isolation
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00030-00006995-00007337 absolutely the energy is so palpable
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00031-00007338-00007805 even yesterday
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00032-00007806-00008003 I talked to so many different companies
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00033-00008004-00008195 on the cube Hall every company these
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00034-00008196-00008392 days has to be a data company the most
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00035-00008393-00008513 important thing about data is making
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00036-00008514-00008639 sure that it's backed up and it's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00037-00008640-00008873 protected that it's secure that it can
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00038-00008874-00009064 be recovered if anything happens so
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00039-00009065-00009142 we're going to be having a great
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00040-00009143-00009310 conversation next about data resiliency
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00041-00009311-00009551 with one of our alumni
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00042-00009552-00009874 and that would be uh Rick's excuse me
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00043-00009875-00010201 Rick Scott Rick Clark
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00044-00010202-00010487 sales Veritas Rick welcome back thank
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00045-00010488-00010619 you thank you so much it's a pleasure
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00046-00010620-00010781 being here you know thank you so much
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00047-00010782-00010978 you're definitely very excited myself
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00048-00010979-00011219 and 40 000 of my closest Cousins and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00049-00011220-00011441 friends all in one place or I could
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00050-00011442-00011574 possibly go wrong
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00051-00011575-00011831 absolutely nothing okay so Rick so
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00052-00011832-00011956 Veritas has made some exciting
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00053-00011957-00012142 announcements talk to us about some of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00054-00012143-00012299 the new things that you've unveiled yeah
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00055-00012300-00012485 we've been we've been incredibly busy
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00056-00012486-00012677 and uh you know the journey that we've
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00057-00012678-00012808 been on one of the big announcements
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00058-00012809-00012977 that we made about three or four weeks
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00059-00012978-00013288 ago is the introduction really of a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00060-00013290-00013529 brand new uh Cloud native data
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00061-00013530-00013763 management platform that we call Veritas
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00062-00013763-00014044 Ulta and this is a journey that we've
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00063-00014045-00014194 been on for the better part of seven
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00064-00014195-00014458 years we actually started it with our
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00065-00014459-00014825 our Plex appliances we continued that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00066-00014826-00014975 was a containerization of our
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00067-00014976-00015149 traditional net backup business and into
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00068-00015150-00015341 a highly secured appliance that was
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00069-00015341-00015580 loved by our customers and we continue
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00070-00015581-00015827 that theme and that investment into what
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00071-00015828-00016127 we call a scale out and scale up uh form
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00072-00016128-00016288 factor Appliance as well what we call
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00073-00016290-00016558 Flex scale and then we continued on that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00074-00016559-00016877 investment theme uh basically spending
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00075-00016878-00017080 over a billion dollars over that seven
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00076-00017081-00017447 year journey and our Cloud native and we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00077-00017448-00017753 call that basically the Veritas alter
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00078-00017754-00018017 platform with our Cloud native platform
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00079-00018018-00018227 and I think if you really look at what
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00080-00018228-00018430 that is it truly is a data management
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00081-00018431-00018743 platform and I emphasize the term Cloud
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00082-00018744-00018965 native and so our traditional
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00083-00018966-00019236 Technologies around data protection
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00084-00019237-00019583 obviously application resiliency and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00085-00019584-00019769 digital compliance or data compliance
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00086-00019770-00020021 and governance we're the only the first
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00087-00020022-00020279 and only company in the world to provide
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00088-00020280-00020572 really a cloud optimized Cloud native
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00089-00020573-00020855 platform really that addresses that so
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00090-00020856-00021029 it's been fun it's been a fun Journey
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00091-00021030-00021143 talk a little bit about the customer
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00092-00021144-00021389 experience I see over 85 percent of the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00093-00021390-00021671 Fortune 100 trust Veritas with their
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00094-00021672-00021893 data management yeah yeah it is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00095-00021894-00022078 incredible actually and it really comes
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00096-00022079-00022283 back to the Veritas Ulta platform we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00097-00022284-00022541 sort of built that with four tenants in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00098-00022542-00022775 mind all driving back to this very
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00099-00022776-00022999 similar to aws's customer Obsession
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00100-00023000-00023321 everything we do each and every day of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00101-00023322-00023494 our weakening moments is a Veritas
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00102-00023495-00023728 employee who's really surrounds the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00103-00023729-00023950 customer so it starts with the customer
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00104-00023951-00024286 experience on how do they find us to how
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00105-00024287-00024472 do they procure our Solutions through
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00106-00024473-00024767 things like AWS Marketplace and how do
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00107-00024768-00024977 they deploy it and the second thing is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00108-00024978-00025228 around really cost optimization as we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00109-00025229-00025469 know you know to say that companies are
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00110-00025470-00025618 going through a digital transformation
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00111-00025619-00025900 and moving workloads to the cloud I mean
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00112-00025901-00026093 I've got customers that literally were
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00113-00026094-00026357 20 in Cloud a year ago and 80 a year
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00114-00026358-00026518 later we've never seen that kind of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00115-00026519-00026764 velocity and so we've doubled down on
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00116-00026766-00027029 this notion of cost optimization you can
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00117-00027030-00027239 only do that with these huge Investments
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00118-00027239-00027533 that I talked about and so we're a very
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00119-00027533-00027707 profitable company we've been around got
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00120-00027708-00028024 a great heritage of over 30 years and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00121-00028025-00028211 we've really taken those investments in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00122-00028212-00028540 r d to provide that sort of cloud native
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00123-00028541-00028901 technology to ultimately make it elastic
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00124-00028902-00029170 and so everything from will spin up and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00125-00029172-00029470 spin down services to optimize the cloud
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00126-00029472-00029723 bill for our customers but we'll also
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00127-00029724-00029885 provide the greatest workload support
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00128-00029886-00030101 you know obviously on-prem workloads are
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00129-00030102-00030311 very different from cloud workloads and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00130-00030312-00030467 it's almost like turning the clock back
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00131-00030468-00030701 20 years to see all of those new systems
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00132-00030702-00031012 there's no standard API like SNMP on the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00133-00031013-00031289 network and so we have to talk to every
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00134-00031289-00031595 single Paz service every single DB Pairs
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00135-00031595-00031817 and we capture that information and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00136-00031818-00032057 protect it so it really has been a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00137-00032058-00032308 phenomenal Journey it's been great you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00138-00032310-00032555 said this uh that also represents a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00139-00032556-00032837 shift from clouds from Flex scale to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00140-00032838-00032957 Cloud native what is the difference
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00141-00032958-00033257 there the main difference really is we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00142-00033258-00033418 took you know obviously our traditional
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00143-00033419-00033605 product that you've known for many many
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00144-00033606-00033917 years net backup it's got you know tens
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00145-00033918-00034162 of millions of lines of code in that and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00146-00034163-00034379 we knew if we lifted and shifted it up
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00147-00034380-00034579 into the cloud into an iaes
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00148-00034580-00034852 infrastructure it's just no it obviously
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00149-00034853-00035021 would perform extremely well but it
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00150-00035022-00035201 wasn't cost optimized for our customers
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00151-00035202-00035495 too expensive to to run and so what we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00152-00035496-00035759 did is we rewrote with microservices and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00153-00035760-00036083 containerization kubernetes uh huge
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00154-00036084-00036281 parts of that particular product to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00155-00036282-00036527 really optimize it for the cloud and not
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00156-00036528-00036724 only have we done it for that technology
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00157-00036725-00036959 what we now call alter data protection
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00158-00036960-00037195 but we've done it across our entire
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00159-00037196-00037409 portfolio that was really the main
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00160-00037410-00037655 change that we made as part of this
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00161-00037656-00037793 particular transition what have you done
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00162-00037794-00037979 to prepare customers for that shift is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00163-00037980-00038230 this going to be a drop in simple uh
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00164-00038231-00038507 upgrade for them absolutely yeah in fact
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00165-00038508-00038693 one of the things that we introduced is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00166-00038694-00038915 we we invest all very heavily with
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00167-00038916-00039149 regards to our on-prem Solutions we're
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00168-00039150-00039340 certainly not abandoning we're still
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00169-00039341-00039562 innovating there's a lot of data still
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00170-00039563-00039730 on-prem that needs to move to the cloud
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00171-00039731-00040049 and so we have a unique advantage of all
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00172-00040050-00040240 of the different workload supports that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00173-00040241-00040351 we provide
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00174-00040352-00040637 on-prem we continue that expansion into
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00175-00040638-00040895 the cloud so we we create it as part of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00176-00040896-00041218 the Veritas ultravision a technology we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00177-00041219-00041495 call an alter view so it's a single
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00178-00041496-00041879 paneer glass across both on-prem and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00179-00041880-00042173 Cloud for our customs and so now they
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00180-00042174-00042329 can actually see all of their data
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00181-00042330-00042473 protection all their application
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00182-00042474-00042773 availability uh single collect all
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00183-00042774-00042989 through that single unified interface
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00184-00042990-00043199 which is really game changing in the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00185-00043200-00043355 industry it's game changing for
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00186-00043356-00043505 customers too because customers have
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00187-00043506-00043745 what generally six to seven different
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00188-00043746-00043961 backup Technologies in their environment
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00189-00043962-00044087 that they're having to individually
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00190-00044088-00044411 manage and provision so the the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00191-00044412-00044590 workforce productivity
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00192-00044591-00044807 improvements I can imagine are huge with
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00193-00044808-00045005 Veritas yeah you nailed it right you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00194-00045006-00045287 must have seen my script but absolutely
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00195-00045288-00045496 I mean I look at the analogy if you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00196-00045497-00045652 think about Airlines what's one of the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00197-00045653-00045845 first things Airlines do with efficiency
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00198-00045846-00046073 South Southwest Airlines was the best
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00199-00046074-00046396 example a standardized on the 737 right
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00200-00046397-00046558 and so all of their pilots all of their
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00201-00046559-00046745 mechanics all know how to operate the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00202-00046746-00047051 737. so we are doing the same thing with
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00203-00047052-00047267 Enterprise data protection so whether
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00204-00047268-00047489 you're on-prem at the edge or in the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00205-00047490-00047861 cloud or even multi-cloud we can provide
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00206-00047862-00048101 that single paneer glass we've done it
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00207-00048102-00048280 for our customers for 30 plus years
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00208-00048281-00048485 we'll continue to do it for another 30
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00209-00048486-00048724 something years and so it's really the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00210-00048725-00049030 first time with Veritas Ulta that that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00211-00049031-00049205 we're coming out with something that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00212-00049206-00049511 we've invested for so long and put such
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00213-00049512-00049745 a huge investment on that can create
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00214-00049746-00049943 those changes in that compelling
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00215-00049944-00050177 solution for our customers so as you can
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00216-00050178-00050308 see we're pretty pumped and excited
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00217-00050309-00050524 about it again use the term data
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00218-00050525-00050735 management to describe Alta and I want
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00219-00050736-00050885 to ask about that term because I hear it
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00220-00050886-00051011 a lot these days your data management
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00221-00051012-00051299 used to be database now data management
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00222-00051300-00051473 is being applied to all kinds of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00223-00051474-00051623 different functions across the Spectrum
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00224-00051624-00051832 how do you define data management in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00225-00051833-00051988 veritas's perspective yeah there's that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00226-00051989-00052163 we we see it as really three main
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00227-00052164-00052396 pillars across the environment so one is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00228-00052397-00052613 protection uh and we'll talk a little
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00229-00052614-00052811 bit about this notion of ransomware is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00230-00052812-00053026 probably the number one use case so the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00231-00053027-00053291 ability to take the most complex and the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00232-00053291-00053579 biggest most vast applications sap is an
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00233-00053579-00053771 example with hundreds of different
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00234-00053772-00053980 moving parts to it and being able to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00235-00053982-00054221 protect that the second is application
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00236-00054222-00054569 resiliency if you look at the cloud
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00237-00054570-00054779 um there's this notion of of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00238-00054779-00055013 responsibility shared responsibility in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00239-00055014-00055259 the cloud you've heard it right every
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00240-00055260-00055366 single one of the cloud service
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00241-00055367-00055661 providers certainly AWS has up on their
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00242-00055662-00055871 website this is what we protect is the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00243-00055872-00056092 demarcation line the line and the sand
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00244-00056094-00056459 and you the customer are responsible for
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00245-00056460-00056663 that other level and so we've had a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00246-00056664-00056842 technology you previously knew it as
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00247-00056844-00057059 infoscale we now call it alter
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00248-00057060-00057287 application resiliency and it can
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00249-00057288-00057466 provide availability Zone to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00250-00057467-00057791 availability Zone real-time replication
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00251-00057791-00057971 High availability of your mission
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00252-00057972-00058216 critical applications right so not only
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00253-00058217-00058487 do we do the traditional backups but we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00254-00058488-00058685 can also provide application resiliency
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00255-00058686-00058913 for Mission critical and then the third
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00256-00058914-00059050 thing really from a data management
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00257-00059051-00059315 standpoint is all around governance and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00258-00059316-00059465 compliance
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00259-00059466-00059638 um you know a lot of our customers need
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00260-00059639-00059866 to keep data for five ten years or
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00261-00059867-00060154 forever they're audited there's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00262-00060155-00060353 regulations and different geographies
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00263-00060354-00060599 around the world and and those
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00264-00060600-00060809 regulations require them to be able to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00265-00060810-00061025 really take control of their Cloud take
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00266-00061026-00061241 control of their data and so we have a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00267-00061241-00061487 whole portfolio of solutions under that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00268-00061488-00061738 data compliance data governance so back
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00269-00061739-00061907 to your your question Paul it's really
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00270-00061908-00062182 the integration and the intersection of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00271-00062183-00062380 those three main pillars we're not a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00272-00062382-00062609 one-trick pony we've been at this for a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00273-00062610-00062741 long time and they're not just new
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00274-00062741-00062909 products that we invented a couple of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00275-00062910-00063094 months ago and brought to Market they're
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00276-00063095-00063316 tried and tested with eight eighty
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00277-00063317-00063557 thousand customers and the most complex
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00278-00063558-00063766 early Solutions on the planet that we've
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00279-00063767-00063971 been supporting can I ask you you know
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00280-00063972-00064132 we talked about those three pillars and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00281-00064133-00064282 you talk about the shared responsibility
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00282-00064283-00064541 model and think of that for AWS
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00283-00064541-00064823 Salesforce Microsoft 365 Google
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00284-00064824-00065009 workspace whatnot are you finding that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00285-00065010-00065230 most customers aren't aware of that and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00286-00065232-00065453 haven't been protecting those workloads
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00287-00065454-00065543 and they've come to you and saying hey
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00288-00065544-00065717 guys guess what this is what this is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00289-00065718-00065963 what they're responsible for the data is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00290-00065964-00066221 you yeah it's uh it's our probably
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00291-00066222-00066388 biggest challenge is there's one of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00292-00066389-00066605 awareness you know with the cloud I mean
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00293-00066606-00066731 how many times have you spoken to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00294-00066732-00066863 someone you just put it in the cloud
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00295-00066864-00067061 your applications like the cloud
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00296-00067062-00067241 providers like AWS they'll protect
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00297-00067242-00067456 everything nothing will ever go down and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00298-00067457-00067600 it's kind of like if you unless your
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00299-00067601-00067805 house was ever broken into you're
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00300-00067806-00067919 probably not going to install that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00301-00067920-00068123 burglar alarm or that fire alarm right
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00302-00068124-00068291 hopefully that won't be an event that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00303-00068292-00068561 you guys have to suffer from so um yeah
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00304-00068562-00068729 it's definitely it wasn't until the last
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00305-00068730-00068950 year or so the cloud service providers
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00306-00068951-00069238 really published jointly as to where is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00307-00069239-00069461 their responsibility right
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00308-00069462-00069671 um so a great example is an attack
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00309-00069672-00069911 Vector for a lot of Corporations is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00310-00069912-00070091 their SAS applications
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00311-00070092-00070373 so you know whether it's uh your
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00312-00070374-00070571 traditional SAS applications that that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00313-00070572-00070781 is available it's available on the web
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00314-00070782-00071063 to their customers as a SAS and so it's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00315-00071064-00071231 certainly available to the Bad actors
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00316-00071232-00071344 they're going to where there's going to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00317-00071345-00071459 be a point they're going to try to get
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00318-00071460-00071782 in and so no matter what your resiliency
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00319-00071783-00072047 plan is at the end of the day you really
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00320-00072048-00072317 need to protect it and protection isn't
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00321-00072318-00072635 just for example with M365 having a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00322-00072636-00072869 snapshot or a recycle bin that's just
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00323-00072870-00073097 not good enough and so we actually have
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00324-00073098-00073331 some pretty compelling technology what
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00325-00073332-00073619 we call Ulta SAS protection which covers
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00326-00073620-00073817 the pretty much the gamut of the major
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00327-00073818-00074111 SAS Technologies to protect those and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00328-00074112-00074338 make it available for our customers so
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00329-00074339-00074573 uh yeah certainly it's a big part of it
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00330-00074574-00074831 is awareness yeah well I understand the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00331-00074832-00075053 shared responsibility model I realize
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00332-00075054-00075215 there's a lot of confusion about that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00333-00075216-00075413 still but in the SAS world that's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00334-00075414-00075587 somewhat different the responsibility of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00335-00075588-00075743 the SAS provider for protecting it is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00336-00075744-00075941 somewhat different how how should what's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00337-00075942-00076187 your customers know about that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00338-00076188-00076469 um I think you know the uh related to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00339-00076470-00076697 that if you look at on-prem you know
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00340-00076698-00077009 approximately 35 to 40 of on-prem
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00341-00077010-00077219 Enterprise data is protected it's kind
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00342-00077220-00077356 of been a long traditional problem
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00343-00077357-00077638 everyone's aware of it you know I
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00344-00077639-00077794 remember going to a presentation from
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00345-00077795-00077999 IBM 20 something years ago and someone
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00346-00078000-00078256 held their hand up in the room about the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00347-00078257-00078473 disk drives and says uh you did you need
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00348-00078474-00078641 to back it up and the IBM sales guys
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00349-00078642-00078838 said no IBM disk drives never crash
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00350-00078839-00079091 right and so fast forward to here we are
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00351-00079092-00079271 today things have changed so we're going
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00352-00079272-00079456 through almost the similar sort of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00353-00079457-00079691 changes in culture in the cloud eight
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00354-00079692-00079991 percent of the data in the cloud is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00355-00079992-00080225 protected today eight percent that's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00356-00080226-00080381 incredible meaning that there is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00357-00080382-00080621 independent backup devoted to that in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00358-00080622-00080794 some cases not at all in some in many
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00359-00080795-00080993 cases the customer just assumes that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00360-00080994-00081173 it's in the cloud therefore it's always
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00361-00081174-00081323 available I never have to worry about
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00362-00081324-00081467 protecting it
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00363-00081468-00081725 right and so that's a big problem that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00364-00081726-00081862 we're obviously trying to trying to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00365-00081863-00082079 solve and we do that all under the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00366-00082080-00082331 umbrella of ransomware it's a huge theme
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00367-00082332-00082594 a huge investment that that Veritas does
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00368-00082595-00082805 with regard to providing that resiliency
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00369-00082806-00083032 for our customers ransomware is scary it
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00370-00083033-00083285 is becoming so prolific the Bad actors
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00371-00083286-00083555 have access to Technologies obviously
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00372-00083556-00083723 companies are fighting them but now
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00373-00083724-00083987 ransomware has evolved into no longer
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00374-00083988-00084269 are we going to get hit it's when yeah
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00375-00084270-00084461 it's how often it's what's the damage
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00376-00084462-00084731 going to be so the ability to help
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00377-00084732-00084887 customers recover from ransomware that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00378-00084888-00085115 resiliency is table Stakes for
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00379-00085116-00085306 businesses in any industry these days is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00380-00085307-00085511 that one of the primary pain points that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00381-00085512-00085638 your customers are coming to you with
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00382-00085639-00086075 it's the number one pain Point
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00383-00086076-00086273 um yeah it's incredible I mean there's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00384-00086274-00086537 not a single briefing that our teams are
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00385-00086538-00086723 doing customer meetings with that term
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00386-00086724-00087029 ransomware doesn't come up as as their
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00387-00087030-00087250 number one use case uh just to give you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00388-00087251-00087400 something a couple of Statistics there's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00389-00087401-00087743 a ransomware attack that happens 11
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00390-00087744-00088055 times a second right around the globe
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00391-00088056-00088271 and this isn't just you know minor stuff
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00392-00088272-00088625 right uh I've got friends that are you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00393-00088626-00088799 know executive was a large company that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00394-00088800-00089009 have been hit that some you know
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00395-00089010-00089279 multi-million dollar Ransom attack so
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00396-00089280-00089488 our our play on this is when you think
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00397-00089489-00089699 about it is Data protection is the last
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00398-00089700-00089975 line of defense yes and so if they break
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00399-00089976-00090149 through it's not a case Lisa as you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00400-00090150-00090538 mentioned if it's a case of when and so
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00401-00090539-00090761 it's going to happen so one of the most
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00402-00090762-00090941 important things is knowing how do you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00403-00090942-00091259 know you have a gold copy a clean copied
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00404-00091260-00091594 and you can recover at speed in some
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00405-00091595-00091775 cases we're talking about tens of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00406-00091776-00091997 thousands of systems to do that at speed
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00407-00091998-00092194 that's in our DNA we've been doing it
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00408-00092195-00092435 for many many years and we spoke through
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00409-00092436-00092609 a lot of the Cyber insurance companies
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00410-00092610-00092867 on this particular topic as well and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00411-00092868-00093076 what really came back from that is that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00412-00093077-00093268 they're actually now demanding things
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00413-00093269-00093473 like immutable storage
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00414-00093474-00093791 uh malware detection air gapping right
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00415-00093792-00094025 anomaly detection is sort of core
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00416-00094026-00094259 Technologies tick the box that they
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00417-00094260-00094529 literally won't insure you unless you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00418-00094530-00094799 have those core components and so what
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00419-00094800-00094961 we've done is we've doubled down on that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00420-00094962-00095237 investment we use Ai and ml Technologies
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00421-00095238-00095387 particularly around the anomaly
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00422-00095388-00095662 detection one of the the unique and neat
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00423-00095663-00095885 uh differentiators that Veritas provides
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00424-00095886-00096323 is a ransomware resiliency scorecard
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00425-00096324-00096575 imagine the ability to save you're in a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00426-00096576-00096844 corporation we can come in and run our
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00427-00096845-00097091 analytics on your environment and kind
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00428-00097092-00097349 of give you a grade right uh wouldn't
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00429-00097350-00097517 you prefer that than waiting for the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00430-00097518-00097679 event to take place to see where your
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00431-00097680-00097943 vulnerability really is and so these are
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00432-00097944-00098087 some of the advantages that we can
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00433-00098088-00098237 actually provide for our customers
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00434-00098238-00098411 that's really really interesting final
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00435-00098412-00098687 quick question there is a common uh
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00436-00098688-00098873 perception I believe that ransomware is
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00437-00098874-00099131 an on-premise problem in fact it is also
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00438-00099132-00099347 a cloud problem is that not right oh
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00439-00099348-00099526 absolutely I think I think they're
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00440-00099527-00099743 probably the biggest attack Vector is in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00441-00099744-00099899 the cloud if it's if it's on frame
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00442-00099900-00100055 you've certainly got a certain line of
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00443-00100056-00100294 defense it's trying to break through but
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00444-00100295-00100474 you know you're in the open world there
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00445-00100475-00100738 obviously with SAS applications in the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00446-00100739-00101032 cloud it's not a case of if but when and
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00447-00101033-00101218 it's and it's going to continue to get
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00448-00101219-00101506 you know more and more prevalent within
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00449-00101507-00101662 corporations there's always going to be
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00450-00101663-00101903 those attack factors that they find the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00451-00101904-00102082 The Flash wounds that they can attack to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00452-00102083-00102293 break through what we're concentrating
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00453-00102294-00102563 on on is that resiliency that ability
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00454-00102564-00102863 for customers to recover at speed we've
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00455-00102864-00102965 done that with our traditional
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00456-00102966-00103210 appliances from our era to John Prem we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00457-00103211-00103432 continue to do that with regards to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00458-00103433-00103678 resiliency at speed with our customers
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00459-00103679-00103966 in the cloud with Partners like AWS for
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00460-00103967-00104194 sure almost done give me your 30 seconds
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00461-00104195-00104506 on AWS and veritas we've had a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00462-00104507-00104675 partnership for the better part of 10
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00463-00104676-00104842 years it's incredible when you think
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00464-00104843-00105154 about AWS where they release the elastic
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00465-00105155-00105533 compute back in 2006 right we've been
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00466-00105533-00105719 delivering data protection a data
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00467-00105720-00105916 Management Solutions ball for the better
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00468-00105917-00106193 part of 30 years right so so we're we're
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00469-00106194-00106486 juggernauts in our space we're the
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00470-00106488-00106727 leader in data protection and Enterprise
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00471-00106728-00106913 data protection we were on-prem we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00472-00106914-00107089 continue to be in the cloud
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00473-00107090-00107363 as AWS was with the cloud service
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00474-00107364-00107597 provided so the synergies are incredible
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00475-00107598-00107884 about 80 to 85 percent of our joint
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00476-00107885-00108251 customers are the same we take for a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00477-00108252-00108628 unique superpower hours of AWS like AWS
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00478-00108629-00108928 outposts and AWS Glacier instant
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00479-00108929-00109123 retrieval for example
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00480-00109124-00109402 those poor Technologies and incorporate
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00481-00109403-00109589 them into our products as we go to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00482-00109590-00109804 market and so we released a core
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00483-00109805-00110075 technology a few months ago we call it
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00484-00110076-00110321 alter recovery vault and it's an
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00485-00110322-00110645 air-gapped immutable storage worm
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00486-00110646-00110843 storage rate once right you can't change
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00487-00110844-00111004 it even when the Bad actors try to get
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00488-00111005-00111310 in there independent from the customers
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00489-00111311-00111623 tenant in AWS so we manage it as a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00490-00111624-00111833 managed backup service for our customers
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00491-00111833-00112078 and so our customers are using that to
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00492-00112079-00112228 really help them with their ransomware
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00493-00112229-00112415 so it's been a tremendous partnership
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00494-00112416-00112643 with aw standing 10 years and counting
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00495-00112644-00112871 last question for you Rick you got a
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00496-00112872-00113110 billboard on the 101 in Santa Clara
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00497-00113111-00113471 right by the fancy area right when
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00498-00113472-00113639 there's no traffic what does that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00499-00113640-00113825 billboard say what's that bumper sticker
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00500-00113826-00113963 about veritas
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00501-00113964-00114166 I think I think that Bilbo would say
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00502-00114167-00114436 welcome to the new veritas
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00503-00114438-00114640 this is not your grandfather's
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00504-00114641-00114815 Oldsmobile
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00505-00114816-00115060 we've done a phenomenal job in the last
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00506-00115061-00115216 particularly the last three or four
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00507-00115217-00115421 years to really reinvent ourselves in
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00508-00115422-00115607 the cloud and the Investments that we
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00509-00115608-00115781 made are really paying off for our
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00510-00115782-00115960 customers today so I'm excited to be
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00511-00115961-00116177 part of this journey and excited to talk
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00512-00116178-00116321 to you guys today love it not your
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00513-00116322-00116495 grandfather's Veritas Rick thank you so
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00514-00116496-00116663 much for joining follow me thank you
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00515-00116664-00116836 about what you guys are doing how you're
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00516-00116838-00117004 helping customers really establish that
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00517-00117005-00117208 cyber resiliency which is absolutely
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00518-00117209-00117347 critical these days we appreciate your
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00519-00117348-00117521 time my pleasure thank you so much all
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00520-00117522-00117719 right for our guest and Paul Gillen I'm
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00521-00117720-00117928 Lisa Martin you're watching thecube
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00522-00117929-00118181 which as you know is the leader in live
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00523-00118182-00118589 Enterprise and emerging Tech coverage
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00524-00118590-00119115 foreign
+nIR_yzzcE6M-00525-00119116-00119425 [Music]
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00000-00000463-00000503 so
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00001-00000504-00000743 i've got some slides sorry about that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00002-00000744-00000807 but you know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00003-00000808-00001070 sort of how we do things isn't it kind
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00004-00001071-00001495 of naked without our slide shows and um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00005-00001496-00001687 and what i kind of want to say i'm just
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00006-00001688-00001918 sharing the screen is as maybe to go
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00007-00001919-00002023 through this a bit
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00008-00002023-00002175 and you know like if you want
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00009-00002176-00002439 clarification at any point
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00010-00002440-00002695 just either put it in the chat or just
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00011-00002696-00002831 yell
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00012-00002832-00003263 um and um well you know speak
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00013-00003264-00003575 and um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00014-00003576-00003895 yeah i mean i guess i'll just go for it
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00015-00003896-00004215 so i'm sarah i'm i'm a lecturer
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00016-00004216-00004431 in uh bridging education at unitec
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00017-00004432-00004615 actually but i've been around for a
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00018-00004616-00004719 while with tu
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00019-00004720-00005231 stuff and um this is about
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00020-00005232-00005502 um my experience of of the last eight
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00021-00005503-00005622 months being on the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00022-00005623-00005991 tamaki mercado i-r-s-l-g
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00023-00005992-00006206 and of course you immediately all know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00024-00006207-00006655 exactly what that is right
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00025-00006656-00006998 absolutely no nodding um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00026-00007000-00007231 so you know you know as part as rove i
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00027-00007231-00007439 mean like prabhat talked about
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00028-00007440-00007639 the kind of workforce development
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00029-00007640-00007863 councils so robes got i think
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00030-00007864-00008142 seven objectives or something that they
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00031-00008143-00008174 or
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00032-00008175-00008351 i don't know what they call them things
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00033-00008352-00008542 that they're going to do
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00034-00008543-00008759 and three of those things are to set
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00035-00008760-00008878 stuff up
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00036-00008879-00009255 um one being set up tapu kanga tick
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00037-00009256-00009446 one being to set up the workforce
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00038-00009447-00009623 development councils
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00039-00009624-00009974 yeah and the other being to set up
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00040-00009975-00010263 regional skills leadership groups and so
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00041-00010264-00010567 it's almost like a triangulated system
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00042-00010568-00010846 where the regional group is supposed to
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00043-00010847-00011006 be the voice
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00044-00011007-00011391 in um what the skills training need in
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00045-00011392-00011478 the area
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00046-00011479-00011823 will be um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00047-00011824-00012055 so the function of these things that's a
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00048-00012056-00012191 map which
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00049-00012192-00012463 doesn't really show you know the 15
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00050-00012464-00012695 regions that the rslgs have
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00051-00012696-00013094 but um you can imagine that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00052-00013095-00013399 that the different situation in very
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00053-00013400-00013558 different situations in different
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00054-00013559-00013694 regions
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00055-00013695-00013951 um because basically new zealand's a
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00056-00013952-00014143 pretty diverse place in a lot of ways
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00057-00014144-00014551 the idea is that um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00058-00014552-00014894 according to their website actually that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00059-00014895-00015215 each group is the quote eyes and ears on
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00060-00015216-00015391 the ground which i find a sort of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00061-00015391-00015438 strange
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00062-00015440-00015686 mixed metaphor but i know what they mean
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00063-00015687-00016055 in in the sense of the community voice
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00064-00016056-00016279 and um you know i mean i don't want to
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00065-00016280-00016430 be a jaffer about this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00066-00016431-00016711 but um i think that tamaki makara
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00067-00016712-00016775 auckland
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00068-00016776-00017079 has got its own set of issues and and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00069-00017080-00017111 the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00070-00017112-00017335 most obvious one is simply being bigger
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00071-00017336-00017567 in terms of population than i think any
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00072-00017568-00017711 other region
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00073-00017712-00017967 and also quite big in size actually does
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00074-00017968-00018150 take quite a long time to drive from one
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00075-00018151-00018279 end to the other
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00076-00018280-00018519 mainly because of the traffic but anyway
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00077-00018520-00018647 and um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00078-00018648-00018950 so what happened was that in in uh
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00079-00018951-00019255 in july this was started and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00080-00019256-00019567 they they set up the ir the um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00081-00019568-00019799 interim regional skills leadership
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00082-00019800-00019950 groups
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00083-00019951-00020255 sort of as an early thing so they set up
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00084-00020256-00020558 te puking and these groups early on
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00085-00020559-00020863 um on each of the 15
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00086-00020864-00021111 there are two positions re reserved for
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00087-00021112-00021335 union reps
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00088-00021336-00021655 and t you got wind of this the ctu quite
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00089-00021656-00021807 onto it as well
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00090-00021808-00022143 and um tiu got wind of this and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00091-00022144-00022311 called for some nominations and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00092-00022312-00022511 nominated me
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00093-00022512-00022886 for auckland and sarah
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00094-00022887-00023214 what is her selling proctor
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00095-00023215-00023703 whatever sarah anyway for nelson
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00096-00023704-00024007 and so she so and when we compare notes
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00097-00024008-00024086 we've had very
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00098-00024087-00024311 quite different experiences which goes
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00099-00024312-00024447 to tell i think
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00100-00024448-00024622 and so of course what was going on was
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00101-00024623-00024830 covert and so
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00102-00024831-00025014 the immediate thing that as the group
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00103-00025015-00025175 started meeting
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00104-00025176-00025342 the immediate thing to deal with was
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00105-00025343-00025519 actually that response and what was
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00106-00025520-00025767 going on and how to cope with that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00107-00025768-00026031 um i'll get jared to send this out
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00108-00026032-00026214 people this this great
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00109-00026216-00026527 slideshow if you fascinated or not this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00110-00026527-00026599 is a link
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00111-00026600-00026967 to b's information about regional skills
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00112-00026968-00027039 leadership
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00113-00027039-00027262 groups and if you haven't done this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00114-00027263-00027455 already i'd i'd really urge you to have
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00115-00027456-00027558 a look at this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00116-00027560-00027758 and see what it says about the group in
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00117-00027760-00027943 your area
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00118-00027944-00028223 and i don't know how much people know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00119-00028224-00028414 about their local groups has anybody had
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00120-00028416-00028511 any contact
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00121-00028512-00028895 with them or heard anything about them
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00122-00028895-00029446 yeah one or two so um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00123-00029447-00029758 where's my fly shake on okay
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00124-00029760-00030046 so uh you can you can find that quite
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00125-00030047-00030302 easily it's just on the mb website
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00126-00030303-00030495 and what do they do well i mean the main
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00127-00030495-00030607 function of these things
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00128-00030608-00031079 is to look at as to
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00129-00031080-00031318 feed into producing these uh local
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00130-00031319-00031527 insights reports which come out about
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00131-00031527-00031687 every couple of months this is the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00132-00031688-00031983 november one for auckland
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00133-00031983-00032283 and this is sort of what they look like
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00134-00032283-00032446 um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00135-00032447-00032670 quite flashing new zealand government
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00136-00032672-00032911 production as you can see
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00137-00032912-00033024 and um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00138-00033025-00033295 [Music]
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00139-00033296-00033479 they have this kind of way of reporting
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00140-00033480-00033687 things in this thematic
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00141-00033688-00034007 fashion uh which i think is quite useful
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00142-00034008-00034111 probably for people
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00143-00034112-00034351 that it's very general and and the sort
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00144-00034352-00034439 of every
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00145-00034440-00034655 item on there reflects quite a lot of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00146-00034656-00034767 discussion and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00147-00034768-00035127 back and different people being involved
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00148-00035128-00035359 and i actually think as has been quite
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00149-00035360-00035502 interesting
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00150-00035503-00035807 a range of voices that actually do get
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00151-00035808-00035983 to be heard
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00152-00035984-00036335 in this you know and i think that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00153-00036336-00036695 so um the auckland one
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00154-00036696-00037030 started meeting in july and has had both
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00155-00037031-00037518 live and um online meetings
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00156-00037519-00037743 every two or three weeks ever since it's
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00157-00037744-00038055 now down to monthly
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00158-00038056-00038415 and um the co-chairs are
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00159-00038416-00038599 robert reed who some of you might know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00160-00038600-00038774 from the union movement
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00161-00038775-00039095 from first union he who is a
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00162-00039096-00039415 absolute um he's really quite passionate
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00163-00039416-00039479 about this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00164-00039480-00039807 this whole thing about this being the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00165-00039808-00039999 opportunity
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00166-00040000-00040311 like we lost this we as union
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00167-00040312-00040527 people and working people we lost this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00168-00040528-00040718 in the 90s right
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00169-00040719-00041055 up to them we had some say in each
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00170-00041056-00041118 region
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00171-00041119-00041439 about what sort of skills training was
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00172-00041440-00041702 planned for the area not in the same way
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00173-00041703-00041958 as this but we had a psy
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00174-00041959-00042271 and we lost that and this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00175-00042272-00042567 is our chance and some ways to have that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00176-00042568-00042687 voice again
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00177-00042688-00042879 which i think is something that is
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00178-00042880-00043046 really important the other co-chair
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00179-00043047-00043483 is ourangi tamahede who is
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00180-00043484-00043823 um a actually very impressive person
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00181-00043824-00044143 who runs a large
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00182-00044144-00044479 um urban eewee based organization called
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00183-00044480-00044790 the white pereira trust in west auckland
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00184-00044791-00045095 and they do a lot of um health and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00185-00045096-00045190 education
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00186-00045191-00045487 and and uh development work in their in
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00187-00045488-00045655 community and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00188-00045656-00045862 um do all sorts of stuff actually and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00189-00045863-00045990 one of the things that's been very
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00190-00045991-00046062 striking
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00191-00046063-00046374 is a number of such organizations what
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00192-00046375-00046399 they
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00193-00046400-00046630 did in in the covet thing is just sort
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00194-00046631-00046927 of like you know gobsmacking amazing
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00195-00046928-00047239 so i've heard a lot about that and um so
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00196-00047240-00047335 the members of the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00197-00047336-00047702 of the um group
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00198-00047703-00048007 are quite a range of people so for me
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00199-00048008-00048158 it's like quite weird to be you know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00200-00048159-00048446 little tutor from nowhere
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00201-00048447-00048767 sitting next to um the person who runs
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00202-00048768-00048879 all of the hr
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00203-00048880-00049102 for the whole of mcdonald's in new
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00204-00049103-00049215 zealand
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00205-00049216-00049583 and then the next person runs a pacifica
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00206-00049584-00049846 a pacific business association and so on
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00207-00049847-00049927 and there's kind of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00208-00049928-00050143 you know there are there are 12 members
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00209-00050144-00050246 of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00210-00050247-00050558 of the committee plus there are always
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00211-00050559-00050918 quite a few mb people there who provide
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00212-00050919-00051086 lots and lots of information so if
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00213-00051087-00051254 you're involved in this you get
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00214-00051255-00051519 hit you're in but inbox basically gets
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00215-00051520-00051694 hit with a whole
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00216-00051695-00051966 load of stuff and statistics and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00217-00051967-00052175 information that you try have to try and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00218-00052176-00052342 make sense of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00219-00052344-00052647 and um that's a bit of a
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00220-00052648-00052926 a learning curve thing but interesting
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00221-00052927-00053119 and what it is it's a much more general
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00222-00053120-00053271 thing like most of us are stuck
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00223-00053272-00053519 are sort of like our head is pretty much
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00224-00053520-00053719 in our own discipline
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00225-00053720-00054023 and this is not like that this is much
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00226-00054024-00054159 broader
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00227-00054160-00054463 so um yeah and you know this group
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00228-00054464-00054782 has deci has decided really through the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00229-00054783-00055047 leadership of the coaches actually and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00230-00055048-00055335 as a group has decided that you know the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00231-00055336-00055463 sort of long-term
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00232-00055464-00055735 vision or aspiration for tamaki macau is
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00233-00055736-00055894 really important
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00234-00055895-00056191 and needs to be articulated and every
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00235-00056191-00056391 voice needs to be heard in forming that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00236-00056391-00056615 so i mean i think that's okay
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00237-00056616-00056950 and so how it's been kind of operating
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00238-00056951-00056991 has
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00239-00056991-00057366 been a decision made early on
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00240-00057367-00057559 that well there's an awful lot of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00241-00057560-00057719 information out there how on earth do we
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00242-00057720-00057966 make sense of this how do we cope with
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00243-00057967-00058271 um thinking about all the different
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00244-00058272-00058566 training needs and people that that need
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00245-00058567-00058711 training and what have you in
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00246-00058712-00059054 in a big city so that we decided that we
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00247-00059055-00059135 would have
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00248-00059136-00059303 deep dives as they call it which is a
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00249-00059304-00059535 popular businessy term isn't it but
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00250-00059536-00059711 anyway deep dives into
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00251-00059712-00059999 um a couple of areas construction being
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00252-00060000-00060094 a very
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00253-00060095-00060366 like key industry in auckland obviously
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00254-00060367-00060559 and health being another
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00255-00060560-00060926 and so that means
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00256-00060927-00061206 a real wealth of people from different
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00257-00061207-00061438 areas in those
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00258-00061439-00061782 industries coming and talking to the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00259-00061783-00061830 group
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00260-00061832-00062103 and giving their perspective and being
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00261-00062104-00062279 able to discuss with them you know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00262-00062279-00062606 what sort of things are going on and um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00263-00062607-00062806 as a result of that sort of conversation
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00264-00062807-00062911 happening
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00265-00062912-00063166 sometime what what i kind of really
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00266-00063167-00063311 notice about this is that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00267-00063312-00063503 awful lot of people who are involved in
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00268-00063504-00063615 the same sort of thing
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00269-00063616-00063815 and who never talk to each other or
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00270-00063816-00063950 don't talk to
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00271-00063951-00064238 all of the people that maybe they should
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00272-00064239-00064415 be talking to
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00273-00064416-00064766 and so for example out of this has come
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00274-00064767-00064838 a
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00275-00064839-00065175 construction industry forum that
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00276-00065176-00065359 in the in auckland has decided to sort
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00277-00065360-00065559 of just get together and have a series
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00278-00065560-00065782 of meetings which they're now doing
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00279-00065783-00066047 to look at the industry and so ito
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00280-00066048-00066135 people
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00281-00066136-00066319 um polytech people and a whole bunch of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00282-00066320-00066511 other people are business people are
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00283-00066512-00066663 involved in this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00284-00066664-00066903 and i mean i think i sort of get the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00285-00066904-00067015 impression that this is
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00286-00067016-00067367 quite an unusual thing to happen so it's
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00287-00067368-00067543 very encouraging really
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00288-00067544-00067919 um the envy people also provide a lot of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00289-00067920-00068079 advice and information
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00290-00068080-00068431 and one thing of course as well is is
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00291-00068432-00068615 being aware of the need to sort of move
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00292-00068616-00068855 around in your region and to maybe not
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00293-00068856-00069087 just hold your meetings in one area and
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00294-00069088-00069143 so
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00295-00069144-00069311 we've been to different parts of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00296-00069312-00069471 auckland
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00297-00069472-00069903 so um there are a lot of challenges
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00298-00069904-00070055 involved in being in these groups you
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00299-00070056-00070159 know i mean when i say it's been eight
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00300-00070160-00070319 months a lot of it's been eight months
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00301-00070320-00070479 of kind of getting
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00302-00070480-00070687 forming as a group because you know you
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00303-00070688-00070838 know how groups
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00304-00070839-00071175 like your class take a while to gel
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00305-00071176-00071479 and that's certainly true of this and so
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00306-00071480-00071631 it's quite disparate people working
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00307-00071632-00071735 together i mean
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00308-00071736-00072111 it's it's a big diverse place
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00309-00072112-00072391 tamaki mikado there's a lot of different
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00310-00072392-00072511 um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00311-00072512-00072855 voices to be heard the mb staff
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00312-00072856-00072967 you know they've got to get their heads
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00313-00072968-00073135 around their new roles and what they're
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00314-00073136-00073294 supposed to do
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00315-00073295-00073455 uh people in the group we've got to
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00316-00073456-00073719 understand what we're supposed to do
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00317-00073720-00074135 um and so all of that takes time
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00318-00074136-00074335 and there's a lot of information to
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00319-00074336-00074447 interpret as well
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00320-00074448-00074711 and a lot of people are very busy who
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00321-00074712-00074855 tend to get involved with these sort of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00322-00074856-00074950 things you know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00323-00074951-00075326 and um so they prioritize their
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00324-00075327-00075591 time quite carefully and covet has meant
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00325-00075592-00075743 you know all those sort of
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00326-00075744-00076167 problems and getting together and um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00327-00076168-00076462 yes so but i would say it's i've found
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00328-00076463-00076662 this just a massively interesting thing
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00329-00076663-00076831 i've learned
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00330-00076832-00077111 screeds of stuff a lot of stuff i mean i
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00331-00077112-00077319 thought i knew auckland reasonably well
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00332-00077320-00077367 but
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00333-00077368-00077575 it turns out there's a lot i didn't know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00334-00077576-00077719 which is great to learn
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00335-00077720-00078087 stuff you know and um i really think
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00336-00078088-00078175 that it's quite
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00337-00078176-00078455 important for us and to you to be
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00338-00078456-00078606 involved in this um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00339-00078607-00078919 ctu is having a meeting next week about
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00340-00078920-00078967 this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00341-00078968-00079282 in auckland um but with national
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00342-00079283-00079431 representation
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00343-00079432-00079719 because the the uh nomination process
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00344-00079720-00079882 for the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00345-00079883-00080215 um two union members
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00346-00080216-00080375 and and for all the other members so the
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00347-00080376-00080567 nomination process for committee members
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00348-00080568-00080711 will be starting quite
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00349-00080712-00081031 soon and i think that it's
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00350-00081032-00081326 it would be really good to get more
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00351-00081327-00081406 connection
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00352-00081407-00081743 between teu branches
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00353-00081744-00082079 and their local ir their local way won't
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00354-00082080-00082238 be i anymore there are
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00355-00082239-00082582 slg groups including representation i
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00356-00082583-00082718 think we've got
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00357-00082719-00082950 we bring to it an educated voice and we
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00358-00082951-00083206 bring in a union voice as well
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00359-00083207-00083526 so i think we're a union that really um
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00360-00083527-00083606 this is very
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00361-00083607-00083935 so key to us you know we connect
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00362-00083936-00084103 through doing this we can connect with
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00363-00084104-00084271 the wider union movement which is
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00364-00084272-00084415 something that we don't always get
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00365-00084416-00084655 all that much chance to do and you know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00366-00084656-00084735 it's this one
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00367-00084736-00085023 time influence a chance and rove isn't
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00368-00085024-00085103 it
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00369-00085104-00085215 and the other thing is that i think this
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00370-00085216-00085391 is pretty good professional development
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00371-00085392-00085575 for anybody who's involved and it should
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00372-00085576-00085711 be recognized as such
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00373-00085712-00086055 in their um performance you know
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00374-00086056-00086335 so um anyway that's kind of what i have
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00375-00086336-00086447 to say about
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00376-00086448-00086887 the um irs lgs i hope it makes some sort
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00377-00086888-00087006 of sense
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00378-00087007-00087594 and please ask any questions you have or
+nNqvwHPvV-8-00379-00087595-00087895 comments
+nNYNFppM2a0-00000-00000187-00000541 so I started loosen dreaming in 2017
+nNYNFppM2a0-00001-00000542-00000821 initially as an online magazine and then
+nNYNFppM2a0-00002-00000822-00001103 I came into a graduate scheme which
+nNYNFppM2a0-00003-00001104-00001337 enabled me to develop it as a print
+nNYNFppM2a0-00004-00001338-00001721 magazine and last year we set up as a
+nNYNFppM2a0-00005-00001722-00001821 book publishing company
+nNYNFppM2a0-00006-00001822-00001937 [Music]
+nNYNFppM2a0-00007-00001938-00002242 the reason we started the magazine me
+nNYNFppM2a0-00008-00002243-00002483 and my friends was there wasn't enough
+nNYNFppM2a0-00009-00002484-00002771 opportunities in Wales for people to
+nNYNFppM2a0-00010-00002772-00002921 become Publishers there were very few
+nNYNFppM2a0-00011-00002922-00003208 Publishers and I just learned how to use
+nNYNFppM2a0-00012-00003209-00003569 a kind of software which type sets books
+nNYNFppM2a0-00013-00003570-00003736 and magazines so I was like why not I'll
+nNYNFppM2a0-00014-00003738-00003983 just set up my own thing and then what
+nNYNFppM2a0-00015-00003984-00004427 happened was lucid dreaming became the
+nNYNFppM2a0-00016-00004428-00004697 publisher itself and as well as that it
+nNYNFppM2a0-00017-00004698-00004943 was the people in the magazine that we
+nNYNFppM2a0-00018-00004944-00005261 wanted to develop as well so we've
+nNYNFppM2a0-00019-00005262-00005525 always had an attitude that they should
+nNYNFppM2a0-00020-00005526-00005813 be nurtured as well and so with Lucent
+nNYNFppM2a0-00021-00005814-00005963 dreaming that was the space that I could
+nNYNFppM2a0-00022-00005964-00006172 do what I wish I'd experienced when I
+nNYNFppM2a0-00023-00006173-00006377 was submitting to magazines and trying
+nNYNFppM2a0-00024-00006378-00006592 to get published is
+nNYNFppM2a0-00025-00006593-00006839 that kind of like level of nurture and
+nNYNFppM2a0-00026-00006840-00007133 attention and finding those voices that
+nNYNFppM2a0-00027-00007134-00007352 might not be published elsewhere
+nNYNFppM2a0-00028-00007353-00007498 [Music]
+nNYNFppM2a0-00029-00007500-00007751 it feels completely unreal to be
+nNYNFppM2a0-00030-00007752-00007967 nominated actually not only to be
+nNYNFppM2a0-00031-00007968-00008098 nominated
+nNYNFppM2a0-00032-00008100-00008321 um to be a finalist it's really
+nNYNFppM2a0-00033-00008322-00008507 wonderful that the St David's award
+nNYNFppM2a0-00034-00008508-00008771 recognizes all the wonderful and
+nNYNFppM2a0-00035-00008772-00008969 excellent people in Wales including
+nNYNFppM2a0-00036-00008970-00009193 myself
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00000-00000050-00000416 diving medicine also called undersea and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00001-00000417-00000811 hyperbaric medicine uhb is the diagnosis
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00002-00000813-00001082 treatment and prevention of conditions
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00003-00001083-00001373 caused by humans entering the undersea
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00004-00001374-00001721 environment it includes the effects on
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00005-00001722-00001960 the body of pressure on gases the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00006-00001961-00002225 diagnosis and treatment of conditions
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00007-00002226-00002474 caused by marine hazards and how
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00008-00002475-00002747 relationships of a divers fitness to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00009-00002748-00003182 dive affect our divers safety hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00010-00003183-00003443 medicine is a corollary field associated
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00011-00003444-00003767 with diving since recompression in a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00012-00003768-00003997 hyperbaric chamber is used as a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00013-00003998-00004178 treatment for two of the most
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00014-00004179-00004459 significant diving related illnesses
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00015-00004460-00004747 decompression sickness than arterial gas
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00016-00004748-00005159 embolism diving medicine deals with
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00017-00005160-00005456 medical research on issues of diving the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00018-00005457-00005747 prevention of diving disorders treatment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00019-00005748-00006049 of diving accidents and diving fitness
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00020-00006050-00006352 the field includes the effect of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00021-00006353-00006589 breathing gases and their contaminants
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00022-00006590-00006812 under high pressure on the human body
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00023-00006813-00007058 and the relationship between the state
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00024-00007059-00007337 of physical and psychological health of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00025-00007338-00007778 the diver and safety in diving accidents
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00026-00007779-00008063 it is common for multiple disorders to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00027-00008064-00008285 occur together and interact with each
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00028-00008286-00008507 other both positively and as
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00029-00008508-00008903 complications diving medicine is a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00030-00008904-00009167 branch of occupational medicine and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00031-00009168-00009458 sports medicine and an important part of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00032-00009459-00010133 diver education
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00033-00010134-00010891 topic range and scope of diving medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00034-00010892-00011152 the scope of diving medicine must
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00035-00011153-00011410 necessarily include conditions that are
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00036-00011411-00011664 specifically connected with the activity
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00037-00011665-00011881 of diving and not found in other
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00038-00011882-00012126 contexts but this categorization
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00039-00012127-00012466 excludes almost everything leaving only
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00040-00012467-00012763 deep water blackout isobaric counter
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00041-00012764-00012988 diffusion and high pressure nervous
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00042-00012988-00013330 syndrome a more useful grouping is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00043-00013331-00013582 conditions that are associated with
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00044-00013583-00013861 exposure to variations of ambient
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00045-00013862-00014182 pressure these conditions are largely
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00046-00014183-00014484 shared by aviation and space medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00047-00014485-00014782 further conditions associated with
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00048-00014783-00015052 diving and other aquatic and outdoor
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00049-00015053-00015313 activities are commonly included in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00050-00015313-00015499 books which are aimed at the diver
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00051-00015500-00015750 rather than the specialist medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00052-00015751-00015975 practitioner as their useful background
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00053-00015976-00016312 to diver first-aid training the scope of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00054-00016313-00016567 knowledge necessary for a practitioner
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00055-00016568-00016840 of diving medicine includes the medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00056-00016841-00017119 conditions associated with diving and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00057-00017120-00017374 the treatment physics and physiology
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00058-00017375-00017590 relating to the underwater and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00059-00017591-00017844 pressurized environment the standard
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00060-00017845-00018118 operating procedures and equipment used
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00061-00018119-00018343 by divers which can influence the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00062-00018344-00018553 development and management of these
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00063-00018554-00018814 conditions and the specialized equipment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00064-00018815-00019501 used for treatment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00065-00019502-00019822 topic scope of knowledge for diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00066-00019823-00020248 medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00067-00020249-00020674 the ICI hme DTC educational and training
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00068-00020675-00020935 standards for diving and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00069-00020936-00021295 medicine 2011 specify the following
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00070-00021296-00021974 scope of knowledge for diving medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00071-00021975-00022352 topic scope of knowledge for hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00072-00022353-00022759 medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00073-00022760-00023183 Dec HM edtc educational and training
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00074-00023184-00023447 standards for diving and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00075-00023448-00023807 medicine 2011 specify the following
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00076-00023808-00024032 scope of knowledge for hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00077-00024033-00024263 medicine additional to that for diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00078-00024264-00024683 medicine physiology and pathology of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00079-00024684-00025178 diving and hyperbaric exposure HBO
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00080-00025179-00025522 basics effects of hyperbaric oxygen
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00081-00025523-00026092 physiology and pathology clinical HBO
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00082-00026093-00026455 chamber technique multi place mana place
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00083-00026456-00026857 transport chambers wet recompression
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00084-00026858-00027344 mandatory indications HBO recommended
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00085-00027345-00027785 indications HBO experimental and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00086-00027786-00028220 anecdotal indications HBO data
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00087-00028220-00028702 collection statistics evaluation HBO
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00088-00028704-00029176 general basic treatment nursing HBO
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00089-00029177-00029462 diagnostic monitoring and therapeutic
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00090-00029463-00029876 devices in chambers risk assessment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00091-00029877-00030149 incidence monitoring and safety plan in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00092-00030150-00031133 HBO chambers HBO safety regulations
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00093-00031133-00031749 topic Diagnostics
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00094-00031750-00031992 the signs and symptoms of diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00095-00031993-00032291 disorders may present during a dive on
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00096-00032292-00032625 surfacing or up to several hours after a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00097-00032626-00033003 dive divers have to breathe a gas which
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00098-00033004-00033192 is at the same pressure as their
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00099-00033193-00033429 surroundings which can be much greater
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00100-00033430-00033741 than on the surface the ambient pressure
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00101-00033742-00034074 under water increases by one standard
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00102-00034075-00034449 atmosphere 100 kiloPascals for every 10
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00103-00034450-00034815 meters 33 feet of depth the principal
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00104-00034816-00035037 conditions are decompression illness
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00105-00035038-00035343 which covers decompression sickness and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00106-00035344-00035535 arterial gas embolism
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00107-00035536-00035853 nitrogen narcosis high-pressure nervous
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00108-00035854-00036171 syndrome oxygen toxicity and pulmonary
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00109-00036172-00036549 barotrauma burst lung although some of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00110-00036550-00036798 these may occur in other settings
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00111-00036799-00037020 they're of particular concern during
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00112-00037021-00037296 diving activities the disorders are
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00113-00037297-00037524 caused by breathing gas at the high
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00114-00037525-00037746 pressures encountered at depth and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00115-00037747-00038022 divers will often breathe a gas mixture
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00116-00038023-00038238 different from air to mitigate these
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00117-00038239-00038634 effects nitrox which contains more
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00118-00038635-00038913 oxygen and less nitrogen is commonly
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00119-00038914-00039201 used as a breathing gas to reduce the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00120-00039202-00039426 risk of decompression sickness at
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00121-00039427-00039717 recreational depths up to about 40
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00122-00039718-00040215 meters 130 feet helium may be added to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00123-00040216-00040467 reduce the amount of nitrogen and oxygen
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00124-00040468-00040815 in the gas mixture when diving deeper to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00125-00040816-00041097 reduce the effects of narcosis and to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00126-00041098-00041481 avoid the risk of oxygen toxicity this
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00127-00041482-00041786 is complicated at depths beyond about
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00128-00041787-00042201 150 meters 500 feet because a helium
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00129-00042202-00042534 oxygen mixture aleix then causes high
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00130-00042535-00042876 pressure nervous syndrome more exotic
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00131-00042877-00043233 mixtures such as hydraulics a hydrogen
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00132-00043234-00043503 helium oxygen mixture are used at
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00133-00043504-00044267 extreme depths to counteract this
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00134-00044268-00044920 topic decompression sickness
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00135-00044921-00045277 decompression sickness dcs occurs when
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00136-00045278-00045524 gas which has been breathed under high
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00137-00045525-00045749 pressure and dissolved into the body
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00138-00045750-00046061 tissues forms bubbles as the pressure is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00139-00046062-00046390 reduced on ascent from a dive the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00140-00046391-00046634 results may range from pain in the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00141-00046635-00046849 joints where the bubbles form to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00142-00046850-00047090 blockage of an artery leading to damage
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00143-00047091-00047461 to the nervous system paralysis or death
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00144-00047462-00047780 while bubbles can form anywhere in the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00145-00047781-00048149 body dcs is most frequently observed in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00146-00048150-00048537 the shoulders elbows knees and ankles
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00147-00048538-00048989 joint pain occurs in about 90% of DCs
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00148-00048990-00049310 cases reported to the u.s. Navy with
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00149-00049311-00049555 neurological symptoms and skin
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00150-00049556-00049898 manifestations each present in 10% to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00151-00049899-00050432 15% of cases pulmonary DCs is very rare
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00152-00050433-00051014 in divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00153-00051015-00051433 topic pulmonary barotrauma and arterial
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00154-00051434-00051829 gas embolism
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00155-00051829-00052180 if the breathing gas in a divers lungs
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00156-00052182-00052448 cannot freely escape during an ascent
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00157-00052449-00052712 the lungs may be expanded beyond their
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00158-00052713-00052954 compliance and the lung tissues may
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00159-00052955-00053365 rupture causing pulmonary barotrauma PBT
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00160-00053366-00053696 the gas may then enter the arterial
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00161-00053697-00053969 circulation producing arterial gas
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00162-00053970-00054272 embolism age with effects similar to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00163-00054273-00054601 severe decompression sickness gas
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00164-00054602-00054838 bubbles within the arterial circulation
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00165-00054839-00055129 can block the supply of blood to any
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00166-00055130-00055412 part of the body including the brain and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00167-00055413-00055709 can therefore manifest a vast variety of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00168-00055710-00056317 symptoms
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00169-00056319-00056951 topic nitrogen narcosis
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00170-00056952-00057266 nitrogen narcosis is caused by the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00171-00057266-00057517 pressure of dissolved gas in the body
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00172-00057519-00057779 and produces impairment to the nervous
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00173-00057779-00057850 system
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00174-00057851-00058184 this results in alteration to thought
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00175-00058185-00058463 processes and a decrease in the divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00176-00058464-00058684 ability to make judgments or
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00177-00058685-00059072 calculations it can also decrease motor
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00178-00059073-00059404 skills and worsen performance in tasks
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00179-00059405-00059782 requiring manual dexterity as depth
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00180-00059783-00060071 increases so does the pressure and hence
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00181-00060072-00060463 the severity of the narcosis the effects
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00182-00060464-00060715 may vary widely from individual to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00183-00060716-00061016 individual and from day to day for the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00184-00061016-00061319 same diver because of the perception
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00185-00061320-00061669 altering effects of narcosis a diver may
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00186-00061670-00061946 not be aware of the symptoms but studies
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00187-00061947-00062155 have shown that impairment occurs
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00188-00062157-00062774 nevertheless
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00189-00062775-00063436 topic high-pressure nervous syndrome
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00190-00063437-00063730 helium is the least narcotic of all
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00191-00063731-00063982 gases and divers may use breathing
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00192-00063983-00064243 mixtures containing a proportion of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00193-00064244-00064531 helium four dives exceeding about 40
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00194-00064532-00065116 meters 130 feet deep in the 1960s it was
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00195-00065117-00065374 expected that helium narcosis would
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00196-00065375-00065611 begin to become apparent at depths of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00197-00065612-00066098 300 meters 1000 feet however it was
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00198-00066099-00066341 found that different symptoms such as
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00199-00066342-00066617 tremors occurred at shallower depths
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00200-00066618-00067142 around 150 meters 500 feet this became
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00201-00067143-00067393 known as high pressure nervous syndrome
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00202-00067394-00067642 and its effects are found to result from
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00203-00067643-00067898 both the absolute depth and the speed of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00204-00067899-00068267 descent although the effects vary from
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00205-00068268-00068528 person to person they are stable and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00206-00068529-00069269 reproducible for the individual
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00207-00069270-00069895 topic oxygen toxicity
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00208-00069896-00070245 although oxygen is essential to life in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00209-00070246-00070476 concentrations significantly greater
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00210-00070477-00070798 than normal it becomes toxic overcoming
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00211-00070799-00071137 the body's natural defenses antioxidants
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00212-00071138-00071407 and causing cell death in any part of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00213-00071408-00071704 the body the lungs and brain are
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00214-00071705-00071944 particularly affected by high partial
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00215-00071945-00072211 pressures of oxygen such as are
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00216-00072212-00072547 encountered in diving the body can
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00217-00072548-00072760 tolerate partial pressures of oxygen
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00218-00072761-00073398 around 0.5 bars 50 kilo Pascal's 7.3 psi
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00219-00073399-00073696 indefinitely and up to one point four
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00220-00073697-00074212 bars 140 kilo Pascal's 20 psi for many
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00221-00074213-00074463 hours but higher partial pressures
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00222-00074464-00074725 rapidly increase the chance of the most
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00223-00074726-00075034 dangerous effect of oxygen toxicity a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00224-00075035-00075265 convulsion resembling an epileptic
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00225-00075266-00075649 seizure susceptibility to oxygen
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00226-00075650-00075979 toxicity varies dramatically from person
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00227-00075980-00076267 to person and to a smaller extent from
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00228-00076268-00076648 day to day for the same diver prior to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00229-00076649-00076900 convulsion several symptoms may be
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00230-00076901-00077743 present most distinctly that of an aura
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00231-00077744-00078342 topic treatments
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00232-00078343-00078678 treatment of diving disorders depends on
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00233-00078679-00078954 the specific disorder or combination of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00234-00078955-00079179 disorders but two treatments are
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00235-00079180-00079464 commonly associated with first aid and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00236-00079465-00079695 definitive treatment where diving is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00237-00079696-00080055 involved these are first aid oxygen
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00238-00080056-00080319 administration at high concentration
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00239-00080320-00080580 which is seldom contraindicated and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00240-00080581-00080801 generally recommended as a default
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00241-00080802-00081075 option in diving accidents where there
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00242-00081076-00081303 is any significant probability of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00243-00081304-00081588 hypoxia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00244-00081589-00081891 which is the definitive treatment for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00245-00081892-00082253 most incidences of decompression illness
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00246-00082254-00082497 hyperbaric treatment using other
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00247-00082498-00082773 breathing gases is also used for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00248-00082774-00082995 treatment of decompression sickness
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00249-00082996-00083730 if HBO is inadequate
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00250-00083731-00084480 topic oxygen therapy the administration
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00251-00084481-00084761 of oxygen as a medical intervention is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00252-00084762-00085023 common in diving medicine both for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00253-00085024-00085367 first-aid and for longer-term treatment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00254-00085368-00085704 Norma break oxygen administration at the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00255-00085705-00085941 highest available concentration is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00256-00085942-00086217 frequently used as first aid for any
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00257-00086218-00086511 diving injury that may involve inert gas
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00258-00086512-00086905 bubble formation in the tissues there is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00259-00086906-00087176 epidemiological support for its use from
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00260-00087177-00087494 a statistical study of cases recorded in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00261-00087495-00088176 a long-term database
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00262-00088177-00088542 topic recompression and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00263-00088543-00089030 oxygen therapy
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00264-00089031-00089307 recompression treatment in a hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00265-00089308-00089559 chamber was initially used as a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00266-00089560-00089850 life-saving tool to treat decompression
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00267-00089851-00090132 sickness in kessen workers and divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00268-00090133-00090351 who stayed too long at depth and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00269-00090352-00090721 developed decompression sickness now it
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00270-00090722-00090969 is a highly specialized treatment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00271-00090970-00091198 modality that has been found to be
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00272-00091199-00091396 effective in the treatment of many
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00273-00091397-00091654 conditions where the administration of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00274-00091655-00091917 oxygen under pressure has been found to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00275-00091918-00092274 be beneficial studies have shown it to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00276-00092275-00092511 be quite effective in some 13
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00277-00092512-00092793 indications approved by the undersea and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00278-00092794-00093121 hyperbaric medical society hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00279-00093122-00093381 oxygen treatment is generally preferred
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00280-00093382-00093657 when effective as it is usually a more
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00281-00093658-00093888 efficient and lower risk method of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00282-00093889-00094072 reducing symptoms of decompression
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00283-00094073-00094410 illness but in some cases recompression
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00284-00094411-00094722 to pressures where oxygen toxicity is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00285-00094723-00094954 unacceptable may be required to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00286-00094955-00095215 eliminate the bubbles in the tissues in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00287-00095216-00096032 severe cases of decompression illness
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00288-00096033-00096398 topic education and registration of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00289-00096399-00096886 practitioners
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00290-00096887-00097171 specialist training in underwater and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00291-00097172-00097438 hyperbaric medicine is available from
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00292-00097439-00097759 several institutions and registration is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00293-00097760-00097968 possible both with professional
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00294-00097969-00098791 associations and governmental registries
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00295-00098792-00099333 topic education
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00296-00099334-00099799 NOAA uhms physicians training course in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00297-00099800-00100153 diving medicine this course has been
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00298-00100154-00100528 presented since 1977 and has been
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00299-00100529-00100792 influenced by internationally accepted
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00300-00100793-00101041 training objectives recommended by the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00301-00101042-00101335 diving Medical Advisory Committee the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00302-00101336-00101626 European diving Technology Committee and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00303-00101627-00101887 the european committee for hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00304-00101888-00102217 medicine the course is designed for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00305-00102218-00102496 qualified medical practitioners but may
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00306-00102497-00102730 be useful to others who work in the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00307-00102731-00103077 field of diving safety and operations
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00308-00103078-00103410 the course is to Train physicians to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00309-00103411-00103668 recognize and treat diving medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00310-00103669-00104029 emergencies subject matter includes
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00311-00104030-00104307 basic physics and physiology of the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00312-00104308-00104677 hyperbaric environment the laws and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00313-00104678-00105051 principles the differences between
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00314-00105052-00105405 hyperbaric and hyperbaric pressure
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00315-00105406-00105688 hyperbaric gases and their effects under
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00316-00105689-00106086 pressure links between the physiological
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00317-00106088-00106345 effects of the hyperbaric environment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00318-00106346-00106738 and the pathology of the disease basic
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00319-00106739-00107085 decompression theory historical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00320-00107086-00107500 development to current concepts factors
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00321-00107501-00107791 affecting decompression safety including
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00322-00107792-00108165 acceptable risks and thermal issues
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00323-00108166-00108388 distinguished decompression sickness
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00324-00108389-00108534 from barotrauma
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00325-00108535-00108946 and arterial gas embolism dive computer
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00326-00108947-00109276 theories and types and comparison to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00327-00109277-00109693 dive tables introduction to commercial
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00328-00109694-00109978 diving and comparison to recreational
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00329-00109979-00110206 and technical diving including
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00330-00110207-00110527 differences in procedures equipment and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00331-00110528-00110881 diver categories the clinical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00332-00110882-00111135 application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00333-00111136-00111549 and the treatment tables used
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00334-00111550-00111840 participation in surface supplied diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00335-00111841-00112108 operation and hyperbaric chamber
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00336-00112108-00112615 operations components types operational
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00337-00112616-00112720 and safety
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00338-00112721-00112972 hazards associated with hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00339-00112973-00113352 chambers diving related conditions
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00340-00113353-00113575 resulting from the effects of long-term
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00341-00113576-00113903 effects of diving flying after diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00342-00113904-00114244 altitude thermal conditions age and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00343-00114245-00114649 gender neurologic assessment on a diver
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00344-00114650-00115061 with signs and all symptoms of DCI
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00345-00115063-00115374 medical and fitness standards for diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00346-00115375-00115791 including contraindications for both
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00347-00115792-00116159 commercial and recreational divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00348-00116160-00116449 differences in medical standards for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00349-00116450-00116763 recreational versus occupational diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00350-00116764-00117163 communities legal implications for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00351-00117164-00117441 approving and denying fitness to dive in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00352-00117442-00117838 an Occupational setting approaches for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00353-00117839-00118077 determining the safety of prescription
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00354-00118078-00118526 and OTC medications used by divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00355-00118527-00118822 fellowship in undersea and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00356-00118823-00119197 medicine the Accreditation Council for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00357-00119198-00119608 Graduate Medical Education ACGME and the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00358-00119608-00119920 American Osteopathic Association AOA
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00359-00119921-00120256 offered 12-month programs in undersea
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00360-00120257-00120552 and hyperbaric medicine associated with
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00361-00120553-00120936 ACGME or AOA accredited programs in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00362-00120938-00121198 emergency medicine family medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00363-00121199-00121514 internal medicine occupational medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00364-00121515-00122038 preventive medicine or anesthesiology EC
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00365-00122039-00122358 HM edtc educational and training
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00366-00122359-00122656 standards for physicians in diving and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00367-00122657-00123046 hyperbaric medicine the standard drawn
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00368-00123047-00123321 up jointly by the european committee for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00369-00123322-00123585 hyperbaric medicine and the european
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00370-00123586-00123874 diving technical committee defines job
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00371-00123875-00124116 descriptions for several levels of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00372-00124117-00124335 diving and hyperbaric physician
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00373-00124336-00124573 education and assessment to these
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00374-00124574-00124802 standards may be provided by
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00375-00124803-00125101 institutions of higher education under
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00376-00125102-00125277 the leadership of the level three
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00377-00125278-00125559 hyperbaric medicine expert as defined
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00378-00125560-00125944 below certificates of competence may be
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00379-00125945-00126100 issued by a national
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00380-00126101-00126408 credit institution or an internationally
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00381-00126409-00126696 acknowledged agency and periodic
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00382-00126697-00127102 recertification is required level one
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00383-00127103-00127447 medical examiner of divers met minimum
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00384-00127448-00127882 28 teaching hours the Med must be
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00385-00127883-00128128 competent to perform the assessments of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00386-00128129-00128425 medical fitness to dive of occupational
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00387-00128426-00128634 and recreational divers and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00388-00128635-00128875 compressed-air workers accept the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00389-00128876-00129151 assessment of medical fitness to resume
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00390-00129152-00129403 diving after major decompression
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00391-00129404-00129877 incidents level 2d diving medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00392-00129878-00130216 physician DMP minimum 80 teaching hours
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00393-00130217-00130753 a DMP must be competent to perform the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00394-00130754-00130981 initial and all other assessments of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00395-00130982-00131245 medical fitness to dive of working and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00396-00131246-00131527 recreational divers or compressed air
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00397-00131528-00131833 workers and manage diving accidents and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00398-00131834-00132121 advise diving contractors and others on
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00399-00132122-00132394 diving medicine and physiology with the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00400-00132395-00132670 backup of a diving medical expert or
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00401-00132671-00133093 consultant a DMP should have knowledge
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00402-00133094-00133372 in relevant aspects of occupational
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00403-00133373-00133591 health but is not required to be a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00404-00133592-00133873 certified specialist in occupational
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00405-00133874-00134284 medicine a DMP should have certified
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00406-00134285-00134614 skills and basic practical experience in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00407-00134615-00134866 assessment of medical fitness to dive
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00408-00134867-00135178 management of diving accidents safety
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00409-00135179-00135372 planning for professional diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00410-00135373-00135721 operations advanced life support acute
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00411-00135722-00136120 trauma care and general wound care level
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00412-00136121-00136570 2h hyperbaric medicine physician HMP
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00413-00136571-00137143 minimum 120 teaching hours an HM P will
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00414-00137144-00137437 be responsible for hyperbaric treatment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00415-00137438-00137695 sessions with the backup of a hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00416-00137696-00138175 medicine expert or consultant an HMP
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00417-00138176-00138418 should have appropriate experience in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00418-00138419-00138697 anesthesia and intensive care in order
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00419-00138698-00139021 to manage the HBO patients but is not
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00420-00139022-00139303 required to be a certified specialist in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00421-00139304-00139471 anesthesia and into
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00422-00139472-00139909 of care an h MP must be competent to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00423-00139910-00140188 assess and manage clinical patients for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00424-00140189-00140526 hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00425-00140527-00141001 level 3 hyperbaric medicine expert or
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00426-00141002-00141240 consultant hyperbaric and diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00427-00141241-00141520 medicine is a physician who has been
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00428-00141521-00141903 assessed as competent to manage a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00429-00141904-00142261 hyperbaric facility HB o-- center or the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00430-00142262-00142537 medical and physiological aspects of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00431-00142538-00142927 complex diving activities managed
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00432-00142928-00143313 research programs on diving medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00433-00143314-00143656 supervise a team of HBO doctors and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00434-00143657-00143893 personnel health professionals and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00435-00143894-00144271 others teach relevant aspects of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00436-00144272-00144552 hyperbaric medicine and physiology to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00437-00144553-00144954 all members of staff gazelle shaft fur
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00438-00144955-00145464 tau and uber drug medicine II V Society
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00439-00145465-00145829 for diving and hyperbaric medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00440-00145830-00146137 German standards for education and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00441-00146138-00146347 assessment of diving medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00442-00146348-00146647 practitioners are similar to the EC HM
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00443-00146648-00146968 edtc standards and are controlled by the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00444-00146969-00147238 gazelle shaft firt ouch undo bad run
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00445-00147239-00147622 medicine II V they include medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00446-00147623-00147907 examiner of divers diving medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00447-00147908-00148189 physician hyperbaric medicine physician
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00448-00148190-00148471 chief hyperbaric medicine physician and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00449-00148472-00148882 hyperbaric medicine consultant choise
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00450-00148883-00149170 erasure gazelle shaft fur unto a sir and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00451-00149171-00149602 hyperbole medicine Swiss Society for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00452-00149603-00150022 underwater and hyperbaric medicine Swiss
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00453-00150023-00150310 standards for education and assessment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00454-00150311-00150559 of diving medical practitioners are
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00455-00150560-00150820 controlled by the choise arisha gazelle
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00456-00150821-00151063 shaft fur unter wasser and high / bar
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00457-00151064-00151156 medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00458-00151157-00151510 they include medical examiner of divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00459-00151511-00151813 diving medicine physician and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00460-00151814-00152178 medicine physician österreichischen
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00461-00152179-00152446 ghazal shaft firtash on high / bar
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00462-00152447-00152615 medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00463-00152616-00152903 Austrian society for diving and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00464-00152904-00153314 hyperbaric medicine austrian standards
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00465-00153315-00153581 for education and assessment of diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00466-00153582-00153851 medical practitioners are controlled by
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00467-00153852-00154157 the ostrich Esha gazelle shaft fertile
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00468-00154158-00154400 shan high / bar medicine they include
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00469-00154401-00154682 medical examiner of divers diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00470-00154683-00154918 medicine physician hyperbaric medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00471-00154919-00155179 physician chief hyperbaric medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00472-00155180-00155431 physician and hyperbaric medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00473-00155432-00156050 consultant
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00474-00156051-00156773 topic registration the American Medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00475-00156774-00157019 Association recognizes the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00476-00157020-00157301 sub-speciality undersea and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00477-00157302-00157585 medicine held by someone who is already
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00478-00157586-00157934 board-certified in some other speciality
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00479-00157935-00158201 the South African Department of Labor
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00480-00158202-00158515 registers two levels of diving medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00481-00158516-00158894 practitioner level one is qualified to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00482-00158895-00159136 conduct annual examinations and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00483-00159137-00159410 certification of medical fitness to dive
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00484-00159411-00159803 on commercial divers equivalent to EC HM
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00485-00159804-00160232 edtc level one medical examiner of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00486-00160233-00160550 divers and level two is qualified to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00487-00160551-00160789 provide medical advice to a diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00488-00160790-00161078 contractor and hyperbaric treatment for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00489-00161079-00161479 diving injuries equivalent to EC HM edtc
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00490-00161480-00161899 level 2d diving medicine physician
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00491-00161900-00162365 Australia has a four tier system in 2007
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00492-00162366-00162640 there was no recognised equivalence with
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00493-00162641-00163088 the European standard GPS completing the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00494-00163089-00163346 first tier four to five day course on
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00495-00163347-00163652 how to examine divers for fitness to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00496-00163653-00163928 dive can then add their names to the SP
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00497-00163929-00164432 UMS diving doctors list GPS completing
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00498-00164433-00164711 the second tier two week diving medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00499-00164712-00164984 courses provided by the Royal Australian
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00500-00164985-00165281 Navy and the Royal Adelaide hospital or
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00501-00165282-00165518 the two-week course in diving and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00502-00165519-00165847 hyperbaric medicine provided by the ANZ
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00503-00165848-00166151 hyperbaric medicine group qualified to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00504-00166152-00166550 do commercial diving medicals the third
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00505-00166551-00166954 tier is the SP UMS Diploma in diving and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00506-00166955-00167315 hyperbaric medicine the candidate must
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00507-00167316-00167540 attend a two week course write a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00508-00167541-00167861 dissertation related to dhm and have the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00509-00167862-00168089 equivalent of six months full time
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00510-00168090-00168326 experience working in a hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00511-00168327-00168560 medicine unit
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00512-00168561-00168848 the fourth tier is the certificate in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00513-00168849-00169109 diving and hyperbaric medicine from the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00514-00169110-00169190 ANZ
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00515-00169191-00169924 College of anaesthetists
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00516-00169925-00170269 topic training of divers and support
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00517-00170270-00170889 staff in relevant first-aid
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00518-00170890-00171241 you
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00519-00171242-00171927 topic divers a basic knowledge
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00520-00171928-00172258 understanding of the causes symptoms and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00521-00172259-00172513 first-aid treatment of diving related
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00522-00172514-00172798 disorders is part of the basic training
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00523-00172799-00173047 for most recreational and professional
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00524-00173048-00173350 divers both to help the diver avoid the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00525-00173351-00173560 disorders and to allow appropriate
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00526-00173561-00173875 action in case of an incident resulting
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00527-00173876-00174434 in injury
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00528-00174435-00175187 topic recreational divers a recreational
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00529-00175188-00175496 diver has the same duty of care to other
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00530-00175497-00175741 divers as any ordinary member of the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00531-00175742-00175975 public and therefore there is no
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00532-00175976-00176275 obligation to train recreational divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00533-00176276-00176604 in first-aid or other medical skills
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00534-00176605-00176938 nevertheless first-aid is training is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00535-00176939-00177158 recommended by most if not all
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00536-00177159-00177489 recreational diver training agencies
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00537-00177490-00177778 recreational diving instructors and dive
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00538-00177779-00178058 masters on the other hand are to a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00539-00178059-00178363 greater or lesser extent responsible for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00540-00178364-00178561 the safety of divers under their
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00541-00178562-00178801 guidance and therefore are generally
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00542-00178802-00179057 required to be trained and certified to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00543-00179058-00179309 some level of rescue and first-aid
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00544-00179310-00179609 competence as defined in the relevant
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00545-00179610-00179843 training standards of the certifying
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00546-00179844-00180228 body in many cases this includes
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00547-00180229-00180431 certification in cardiopulmonary
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00548-00180432-00180714 resuscitation and oxygen administration
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00549-00180715-00181440 for diving accidents
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00550-00181441-00182056 topic professional divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00551-00182057-00182371 professional divers usually operate as
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00552-00182372-00182626 members of a team with a duty of care
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00553-00182627-00182883 for other members of the team
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00554-00182884-00183220 divers are expected to act as standby
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00555-00183221-00183499 divers for other members of the team and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00556-00183500-00183787 the duties of a standby diver include
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00557-00183788-00184027 rescue attempts if the working diver
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00558-00184028-00184416 gets into difficulties consequently
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00559-00184417-00184657 professional divers are generally
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00560-00184658-00184882 required to be trained in rescue
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00561-00184883-00185131 procedures appropriate to the modes of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00562-00185132-00185413 diving they are certified in and to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00563-00185414-00185800 administer first aid in emergencies the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00564-00185801-00186046 specific training competence and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00565-00186047-00186334 registration for these skills varies and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00566-00186335-00186657 may be specified by state or national
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00567-00186658-00186946 legislation or by industry codes of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00568-00186947-00187225 practice diving supervisors have a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00569-00187226-00187477 similar duty of care and as they are
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00570-00187478-00187759 responsible for operational planning and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00571-00187760-00188029 safety generally are also expected to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00572-00188030-00188338 manage emergency procedures including
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00573-00188339-00188677 the first aid that may be required the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00574-00188678-00188950 level of first aid training competence
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00575-00188951-00189205 and certification will generally take
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00576-00189206-00189601 this into account in South Africa
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00577-00189602-00189819 registered commercial and scientific
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00578-00189820-00190086 divers must hold current certification
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00579-00190087-00190423 in first aid at the national level one
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00580-00190424-00190666 with additional training in oxygen
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00581-00190667-00190939 administration for diving accidents and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00582-00190940-00191260 registered diving supervisors must hold
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00583-00191261-00191625 level two first aid certification
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00584-00191626-00191947 offshore diving contractors frequently
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00585-00191948-00192723 follow the IMCA recommendations
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00586-00192724-00193274 topic divert medic
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00587-00193275-00193562 a diver medic or diving medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00588-00193563-00193874 technician DMT is a member of a dive
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00589-00193875-00194123 team who is trained in advanced
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00590-00194124-00194554 first-aid a diver medic recognized by
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00591-00194555-00194827 IMC a must be capable of administering
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00592-00194828-00195146 first aid and emergency treatment and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00593-00195147-00195407 carrying out the directions of a doctor
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00594-00195408-00195626 pending the arrival of more skilled
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00595-00195627-00195908 medical aid and therefore must be able
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00596-00195909-00196175 to effectively communicate with a doctor
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00597-00196176-00196463 who is not on site and be familiar with
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00598-00196464-00196697 diving procedures and compression
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00599-00196698-00197063 chamber operation the diver medic must
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00600-00197064-00197288 also be able to assist the diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00601-00197289-00197585 supervisor with decompression procedures
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00602-00197586-00197807 provide advice as to when more
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00603-00197808-00198023 specialized medical help should be
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00604-00198024-00198284 requested and must be fit to provide
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00605-00198285-00198565 treatment in a hyperbaric chamber in an
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00606-00198566-00198829 emergency and must therefore hold a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00607-00198830-00199106 valid certificate of medical fitness to
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00608-00199107-00199406 dive training standards for diver medic
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00609-00199407-00199709 are described in the IMC a scheme for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00610-00199710-00200480 recognition of diver medic training
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00611-00200481-00201224 topic ethical and medical legal issues
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00612-00201225-00201597 you
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00613-00201598-00202383 topic history of diving medical research
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00614-00202384-00202729 you
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00615-00202730-00203271 topic timeline
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00616-00203272-00203701 November 1992 the first examination for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00617-00203702-00203986 certification in undersea medicine by
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00618-00203987-00204199 the American Board of Preventive
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00619-00204200-00204669 Medicine November 1999 the first
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00620-00204670-00204942 examination for undersea and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00621-00204944-00205646 medicine qualification
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00622-00205648-00206267 topic notable researchers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00623-00206267-00206633 you
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00624-00206634-00207340 topic research organizations
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00625-00207341-00207610 defense and civil institute of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00626-00207611-00208039 environmental medicine DC IEM is a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00627-00208040-00208335 combined military and civilian research
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00628-00208336-00208625 organization to research the operational
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00629-00208626-00208879 needs of the Canadian Forces in all
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00630-00208880-00209296 environments divers alert network the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00631-00209298-00209554 divers alert network dan is an
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00632-00209555-00209833 international nonprofit organization
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00633-00209834-00210092 with regional branches supported by
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00634-00210092-00210464 donations grants and membership dues for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00635-00210465-00210788 assisting divers in need the dan
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00636-00210789-00211075 research department conducts significant
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00637-00211076-00211342 medical research on recreational scuba
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00638-00211344-00211613 diving safety and the dan medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00639-00211614-00211898 department provides support for divers
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00640-00211898-00212165 worldwide to find answers to the diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00641-00212166-00212321 medical questions
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00642-00212321-00212728 diving diseases Research Centre the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00643-00212729-00213109 diving diseases Research Center D DRC is
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00644-00213110-00213340 a British hyperbaric medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00645-00213341-00213607 organization located near Derriford
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00646-00213608-00213958 Hospital in Plymouth Devon it is a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00647-00213959-00214201 registered charity and was established
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00648-00214202-00214546 in 1980 to research the effects of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00649-00214548-00214937 diving on human physiology the main
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00650-00214938-00215291 objective of DDR C is research into
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00651-00215292-00215671 diving medicine the centre is also an
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00652-00215673-00215939 education and training base providing
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00653-00215940-00216217 diving medical clinical and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00654-00216219-00216598 courses diving Medical Advisory
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00655-00216600-00217054 Committee DMA C is an independent
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00656-00217055-00217267 committee with the purpose of providing
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00657-00217269-00217606 advice about medical and safety aspects
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00658-00217607-00217916 of commercial diving they publish
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00659-00217917-00218209 guidance notes about various aspects of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00660-00218210-00218485 diving and diving medical practice and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00661-00218486-00218794 run a scheme for approval of courses in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00662-00218796-00219180 diving medicine european committee for
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00663-00219181-00219657 hyperbaric medicine the EC HM is an
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00664-00219658-00219898 organisation to study and define
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00665-00219900-00220115 indications for hyperbaric therapy
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00666-00220116-00220469 research and therapy protocols standards
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00667-00220469-00220723 for therapeutic and technical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00668-00220725-00220996 procedures equipment and personnel and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00669-00220998-00221242 related cost benefit and cost
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00670-00221244-00221576 effectiveness criteria it is a
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00671-00221577-00221848 representative body with the European
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00672-00221850-00222115 health authorities and works toward
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00673-00222116-00222361 cooperation among scientific
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00674-00222362-00222641 organizations involved in the field of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00675-00222642-00222961 diving and hyperbaric medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00676-00222962-00223205 membership of the committee includes
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00677-00223206-00223492 doctors practicing diving medicine in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00678-00223494-00223736 Northern Europe representatives of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00679-00223737-00223992 relevant health authorities medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00680-00223994-00224258 representatives from relevant navies and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00681-00224259-00224592 a diving safety officer nominated by the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00682-00224594-00224813 International Marine Contractors
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00683-00224814-00225227 Association European underwater and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00684-00225228-00225614 borough medical society the European
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00685-00225615-00225844 underwater and borough Medical Society
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00686-00225844-00226196 EU bs is a primary source of information
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00687-00226196-00226454 for diving and hyperbaric medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00688-00226455-00226894 physiology worldwide the organization
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00689-00226896-00227144 was initially formed as the European
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00690-00227144-00227485 underwater and biomedical society in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00691-00227486-00227804 1971 national board of diving and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00692-00227805-00228182 hyperbaric medical technology the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00693-00228183-00228448 national board of diving and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00694-00228450-00228857 medical technology NBD HMT formerly
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00695-00228858-00229094 known as the National Association of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00696-00229094-00229331 diving technicians is a nonprofit
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00697-00229332-00229630 organization for the education and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00698-00229631-00229919 certification of qualified personnel in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00699-00229919-00230146 the fields of diving and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00700-00230148-00230442 medicine in the US
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00701-00230444-00230812 the diver medic technician DMT program
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00702-00230813-00231103 is designed to meet the specific medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00703-00231104-00231369 care needs of commercial professional
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00704-00231371-00231669 and scientific divers that often work in
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00705-00231671-00232057 geographic isolation diem tees are
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00706-00232058-00232291 specifically trained for the various
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00707-00232292-00232552 diving has its founder promote work
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00708-00232553-00232957 sites the curriculum covers a wide range
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00709-00232958-00233242 of topics from Bharat Romer to treatment
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00710-00233242-00233471 of decompression sickness
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00711-00233473-00233846 the certified hyperbaric technologist
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00712-00233848-00234157 CHT program is tailored to meet the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00713-00234158-00234436 specific safety and operational needs
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00714-00234437-00234706 for biomedical devices within the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00715-00234707-00234925 department and the necessary knowledge
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00716-00234926-00235207 and skills to administer clinical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00717-00235208-00235555 treatment the curriculum covers a wide
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00718-00235556-00235842 range of topics including hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00719-00235844-00236106 chamber operations to transcutaneous
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00720-00236107-00236496 oxygen monitoring the certified
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00721-00236498-00236830 hyperbaric registered nurse CH RN
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00722-00236831-00237178 program is a subspecialty for registered
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00723-00237179-00237463 nurses sometimes referred to as burrow
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00724-00237464-00237967 medical nurses southern african undersea
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00725-00237967-00238413 and hyperbaric medical association sau
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00726-00238414-00238726 HMA is a voluntary Association
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00727-00238727-00238978 recognized as a special interest group
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00728-00238979-00239217 by the group Council of the South
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00729-00239219-00239614 African Medical Association South
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00730-00239615-00240076 Pacific underwater medicine society the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00731-00240077-00240296 South Pacific underwater medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00732-00240298-00240717 society SPU MS is a primary source of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00733-00240719-00240967 information for diving and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00734-00240967-00241332 medicine physiology worldwide the
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00735-00241333-00241596 organization supports the study of all
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00736-00241598-00241852 aspects of underwater and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00737-00241853-00242116 medicine provides information on
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00738-00242117-00242364 underwater and hyperbaric medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00739-00242365-00242671 publishes a medical journal and holds an
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00740-00242671-00242894 annual conference
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00741-00242896-00243231 Espie UMS offers a Postgraduate Diploma
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00742-00243232-00243638 of diving and hyperbaric medicine
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00743-00243639-00244033 undersea and hyperbaric medical society
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00744-00244034-00244365 the undersea and hyperbaric medical
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00745-00244366-00244752 society uhms is a primary source of
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00746-00244753-00245004 information for diving and hyperbaric
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00747-00245005-00245782 medicine physiology worldwide
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00748-00245783-00246375 topic see also
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00749-00246376-00246785 George F bond US Navy physician and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00750-00246786-00247046 diving medicine and saturation diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00751-00247046-00247538 researcher Rubicon Foundation nonprofit
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00752-00247539-00247809 organization for promoting research and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00753-00247810-00248209 information access for underwater diving
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00754-00248210-00248550 undersea and hyperbaric medical society
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00755-00248551-00248885 us-based organization for research and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00756-00248886-00249171 education in hyperbaric Physiology and
+nSzI_1AN6vc-00757-00249171-00249392 medicine
+nYPs2P9K808-00000-00000003-00000241 this just in Scootaloo's pet
+nYPs2P9K808-00001-00000242-00000563 hippopotamus has escaped actually it
+nYPs2P9K808-00002-00000564-00000773 wasn't really her pet she just wanted to
+nYPs2P9K808-00003-00000774-00000950 see a spike would be able to pet sit a
+nYPs2P9K808-00004-00000951-00001025 hippopotamus
+nYPs2P9K808-00005-00001026-00001241 turns out he can't in other news
+nYPs2P9K808-00006-00001242-00001394 Scootaloo has been banned from the
+nYPs2P9K808-00007-00001395-00001598 Ponyville Zoo Michael Stevens and this
+nYPs2P9K808-00008-00001599-00004131 is the equestrian choir
+nYPs2P9K808-00009-00004132-00004461 good evening Ponyville yes Planck we
+nYPs2P9K808-00010-00004462-00004686 know you can't say hippopotamus just be
+nYPs2P9K808-00011-00004687-00004822 happy that Scootaloo didn't go with her
+nYPs2P9K808-00012-00004823-00004981 initial plan of trying to teach the
+nYPs2P9K808-00013-00004982-00005188 hippo to fly don't want to go through
+nYPs2P9K808-00014-00005189-00005446 having an airborne large mammals raining
+nYPs2P9K808-00015-00005447-00005788 on Ponyville again our top story spike
+nYPs2P9K808-00016-00005789-00005935 has been arrested
+nYPs2P9K808-00017-00005936-00006186 we all remember spikes legal troubles of
+nYPs2P9K808-00018-00006187-00006393 illegal file sharing by Philo Marion
+nYPs2P9K808-00019-00006394-00006543 copyrighted music and literature to
+nYPs2P9K808-00020-00006544-00006810 ponies a process known as raw renting
+nYPs2P9K808-00021-00006811-00007069 but now spike has had criminal charges
+nYPs2P9K808-00022-00007070-00007299 placed on him this comes as a result of
+nYPs2P9K808-00023-00007300-00007534 spikes repeated insisting unrelenting
+nYPs2P9K808-00024-00007534-00007731 badgering attempts to do favors for
+nYPs2P9K808-00025-00007733-00007941 ponies and I mean that last one
+nYPs2P9K808-00026-00007942-00008121 literally spike shoved a badger in
+nYPs2P9K808-00027-00008122-00008263 ponies faces till they let him do a
+nYPs2P9K808-00028-00008264-00008530 favor for them it seems that upon Pet
+nYPs2P9K808-00029-00008531-00008683 Sitting several pets of the elite
+nYPs2P9K808-00030-00008684-00008899 paramilitary group known as main team
+nYPs2P9K808-00031-00008900-00009157 six spike was given jewels in exchange
+nYPs2P9K808-00032-00009158-00009382 for this service discovering that he
+nYPs2P9K808-00033-00009383-00009529 could receive jewels as payment for
+nYPs2P9K808-00034-00009530-00009583 favor
+nYPs2P9K808-00035-00009584-00009774 spike proceeded to seek out giving
+nYPs2P9K808-00036-00009775-00010035 favors to as many ponies as possible at
+nYPs2P9K808-00037-00010036-00010237 first the favors were minimal spike
+nYPs2P9K808-00038-00010238-00010405 asked for a small jewel in exchange for
+nYPs2P9K808-00039-00010406-00010630 helping carrot top water her garden he
+nYPs2P9K808-00040-00010631-00010816 asked that big McIntosh allow him to
+nYPs2P9K808-00041-00010817-00011019 collect flowers for a pony who was to
+nYPs2P9K808-00042-00011020-00011274 remain unnamed he asked that derpy
+nYPs2P9K808-00043-00011275-00011446 hooves allowed him to file the insurance
+nYPs2P9K808-00044-00011447-00011655 claims after derpy dropped another house
+nYPs2P9K808-00045-00011656-00011880 on June bug which we're still trying to
+nYPs2P9K808-00046-00011881-00012076 figure out how that happened and was
+nYPs2P9K808-00047-00012077-00012285 given a jewel in exchange for getting
+nYPs2P9K808-00048-00012286-00012562 zombie junebug some lotion her skin gets
+nYPs2P9K808-00049-00012563-00012783 really itchy however there are only so
+nYPs2P9K808-00050-00012784-00013041 many favors that need doing in Ponyville
+nYPs2P9K808-00051-00013042-00013254 and so spike became a little more
+nYPs2P9K808-00052-00013255-00013507 insisting he began offering insurance
+nYPs2P9K808-00053-00013508-00013785 against possible future favors
+nYPs2P9K808-00054-00013786-00014041 unreliable sources have reported that on
+nYPs2P9K808-00055-00014041-00014260 one occasion spike approached mr. and
+nYPs2P9K808-00056-00014261-00014865 mrs. cake and said hmm
+nYPs2P9K808-00057-00014866-00015416 ah it's nice bakery you gotta be a shame
+nYPs2P9K808-00058-00015418-00015693 if something wouldn't it happened to it
+nYPs2P9K808-00059-00015694-00016200 you need a favor to fix it might not be
+nYPs2P9K808-00060-00016201-00016542 somewhere around sews good ideas you pay
+nYPs2P9K808-00061-00016543-00016860 me one Janet do it and in one particular
+nYPs2P9K808-00062-00016861-00017100 incident spike was quoted as saying two
+nYPs2P9K808-00063-00017101-00017433 cheerily that will do a favor for you
+nYPs2P9K808-00064-00017434-00017763 may not be the day Mabel to be tomorrow
+nYPs2P9K808-00065-00017764-00018132 but I will do this favor for you to give
+nYPs2P9K808-00066-00018133-00018411 me this gem spike claims that this was
+nYPs2P9K808-00067-00018412-00018606 all just innocent seeking to do favors
+nYPs2P9K808-00068-00018607-00018849 in exchange for gems but unfortunately
+nYPs2P9K808-00069-00018850-00019554 he doesn't have a business license do
+nYPs2P9K808-00070-00019555-00019686 you have a snow globe in your house
+nYPs2P9K808-00071-00019687-00020099 right now well if it's not a certified
+nYPs2P9K808-00072-00020100-00020436 crystal Empire snow globe you might as
+nYPs2P9K808-00073-00020437-00020649 well keep dog excrement on your humidor
+nYPs2P9K808-00074-00020650-00020988 I mean don't you care about what you
+nYPs2P9K808-00075-00020989-00021207 bring into your home or do you think
+nYPs2P9K808-00076-00021208-00021432 they're too much trouble to get is that
+nYPs2P9K808-00077-00021433-00021768 it well you know who thought they were
+nYPs2P9K808-00078-00021769-00021900 well worth the trip
+nYPs2P9K808-00079-00021901-00022176 Sweetie Belle you think you know so much
+nYPs2P9K808-00080-00022177-00022332 better than Sweetie Belle all of a
+nYPs2P9K808-00081-00022333-00022872 sudden Eric farmer in fact don't buy one
+nYPs2P9K808-00082-00022873-00023151 of our globes crystal Empire snow globes
+nYPs2P9K808-00083-00023152-00023397 maybe the very finest you can possibly
+nYPs2P9K808-00084-00023398-00023682 get but we can certainly do better than
+nYPs2P9K808-00085-00023683-00024228 you you disgust me but still give us
+nYPs2P9K808-00086-00024229-00024550 money
+nYPs2P9K808-00087-00024551-00024861 I have just received word that curtly
+nYPs2P9K808-00088-00024862-00025036 truth our crew is sending a live feed
+nYPs2P9K808-00089-00025037-00025200 from his office regarding a story from
+nYPs2P9K808-00090-00025201-00025288 last week
+nYPs2P9K808-00091-00025289-00025542 Murthy what news from the orbital truth
+nYPs2P9K808-00092-00025543-00025989 cannon thank you although local offshore
+nYPs2P9K808-00093-00025991-00026200 rainbowdash would almost certainly deny
+nYPs2P9K808-00094-00026201-00026439 it some believe these black holes pose
+nYPs2P9K808-00095-00026441-00026533 some threat
+nYPs2P9K808-00096-00026533-00026779 studies show that these vortexes have a
+nYPs2P9K808-00097-00026780-00026983 tendency to appear spontaneously in the
+nYPs2P9K808-00098-00026983-00027193 offices of journalists a few seconds
+nYPs2P9K808-00099-00027194-00027402 before they go on air thereby ruining
+nYPs2P9K808-00100-00027403-00027577 perfectly good stories about pie-eating
+nYPs2P9K808-00101-00027577-00027892 contests they're not Pele it's your bait
+nYPs2P9K808-00102-00027893-00028046 but they're necessary
+nYPs2P9K808-00103-00028047-00028324 the mysterious and inconsiderate holes
+nYPs2P9K808-00104-00028325-00028543 are thought to be highly unstable due to
+nYPs2P9K808-00105-00028544-00028708 pastry enthusiasts Pinkie Pie's
+nYPs2P9K808-00106-00028708-00028983 involvement and our scaring me out of
+nYPs2P9K808-00107-00028985-00029506 myself my camera bear help us back to
+nYPs2P9K808-00108-00029507-00030826 you Joe usually solutions that kill two
+nYPs2P9K808-00109-00030827-00031051 birds with one stone her strange anger
+nYPs2P9K808-00110-00031052-00031237 towards birds notwithstanding this
+nYPs2P9K808-00111-00031238-00031464 solution addresses both spikes desire to
+nYPs2P9K808-00112-00031466-00031681 bother ponies silicates gems and the
+nYPs2P9K808-00113-00031682-00031975 growing inflation crisis in Equestria it
+nYPs2P9K808-00114-00031976-00032167 used to be that you could live off of a
+nYPs2P9K808-00115-00032168-00032343 simple salary of a few gems
+nYPs2P9K808-00116-00032344-00032539 however due to Princess Celestia's half
+nYPs2P9K808-00117-00032539-00032815 hazard and incalculable economic policy
+nYPs2P9K808-00118-00032816-00033073 which so far has consisted of saying
+nYPs2P9K808-00119-00033074-00033211 that gems are valuable and hoping that
+nYPs2P9K808-00120-00033212-00033418 things work out in the end the value of
+nYPs2P9K808-00121-00033419-00033607 gems in relation to bits has dropped
+nYPs2P9K808-00122-00033608-00033904 dramatically this makes sense when you
+nYPs2P9K808-00123-00033905-00034156 think about it you can literally dig up
+nYPs2P9K808-00124-00034157-00034426 gems all over the place there are beings
+nYPs2P9K808-00125-00034427-00034671 of my new intelligence who mined them
+nYPs2P9K808-00126-00034672-00034945 for kicks ponies they wear them on their
+nYPs2P9K808-00127-00034946-00035118 clothing for crying out loud
+nYPs2P9K808-00128-00035119-00035332 what's the financial exchange rate of
+nYPs2P9K808-00129-00035333-00035593 Equestria anyway is it one bit for a gem
+nYPs2P9K808-00130-00035594-00035883 does the size of the gem matter our bits
+nYPs2P9K808-00131-00035884-00036154 of one color or gems of one color more
+nYPs2P9K808-00132-00036155-00036430 valuable if a shave and a haircut is
+nYPs2P9K808-00133-00036431-00036673 worth two bits then how many gems is it
+nYPs2P9K808-00134-00036674-00036898 I don't know but I really need a shave
+nYPs2P9K808-00135-00036899-00037076 and a haircut and all I have is
+nYPs2P9K808-00136-00037077-00037249 weird-looking paint gem I'm not sure how
+nYPs2P9K808-00137-00037250-00037493 much is valuable I'm not sure how about
+nYPs2P9K808-00138-00037494-00037652 Abel is but it's got to be worth a shame
+nYPs2P9K808-00139-00037653-00037892 right in any case in order to simplify
+nYPs2P9K808-00140-00037893-00038099 the equestrian currency system and to
+nYPs2P9K808-00141-00038100-00038273 alleviate inflation along with spikes
+nYPs2P9K808-00142-00038274-00038464 annoying desire to do ponies favors
+nYPs2P9K808-00143-00038465-00038686 Princess Celestia has appointed spike to
+nYPs2P9K808-00144-00038687-00038945 eat the Treasury Celestia has designed
+nYPs2P9K808-00145-00038946-00039245 value to a certain gem list based around
+nYPs2P9K808-00146-00039246-00039461 color and size and availability and
+nYPs2P9K808-00147-00039462-00039724 we'll have spike eat the rest we will
+nYPs2P9K808-00148-00039725-00039929 all soon celebrate that we will have a
+nYPs2P9K808-00149-00039930-00040165 gentle bit exchange ratio that makes
+nYPs2P9K808-00150-00040166-00040549 sense and the very satisfied dragon that
+nYPs2P9K808-00151-00040550-00040748 or spike will eat every gem in Equestria
+nYPs2P9K808-00152-00040749-00040973 and we'll all be in extreme poverty I'm
+nYPs2P9K808-00153-00040974-00041164 bidding on the liner cross your fingers
+nYPs2P9K808-00154-00041165-00041345 that we'll be able to sell crystal
+nYPs2P9K808-00155-00041346-00041549 ponies for money sure that may sound
+nYPs2P9K808-00156-00041550-00041858 cruel and to use ponies as currency but
+nYPs2P9K808-00157-00041859-00042029 nobody cares about the crystal ponies
+nYPs2P9K808-00158-00042030-00042196 anyway so we might as well sell them
+nYPs2P9K808-00159-00042197-00042358 and here's tech rack with this week's
+nYPs2P9K808-00160-00042359-00042686 mayors in a minute why yes I did get
+nYPs2P9K808-00161-00042687-00042923 that idea from merchandise selling
+nYPs2P9K808-00162-00042924-00043055 crystal ponies it's a great way to make
+nYPs2P9K808-00163-00043056-00043564 money no it's not no thanks Jo those
+nYPs2P9K808-00164-00043565-00043702 sultans of swing the Cutie Mark
+nYPs2P9K808-00165-00043703-00043945 Crusaders have been arrested once again
+nYPs2P9K808-00166-00043946-00044177 this time for illegal BASE jumping
+nYPs2P9K808-00167-00044178-00044354 police intercepted them at the bridge
+nYPs2P9K808-00168-00044355-00044545 just outside of town and took them into
+nYPs2P9K808-00169-00044546-00044762 custody just moments before they flung
+nYPs2P9K808-00170-00044763-00044980 themselves into the rocky streambed the
+nYPs2P9K808-00171-00044981-00045145 arresting officer commented that the
+nYPs2P9K808-00172-00045146-00045293 girls homemade parachutes would have
+nYPs2P9K808-00173-00045294-00045467 failed miserably and had they been able
+nYPs2P9K808-00174-00045468-00045623 to complete their jump they would have
+nYPs2P9K808-00175-00045624-00045785 earned their cutie marks in compound
+nYPs2P9K808-00176-00045786-00046007 fractures according to Scootaloo the
+nYPs2P9K808-00177-00046008-00046157 only reason they were attempting to jump
+nYPs2P9K808-00178-00046158-00046333 off the bridge is because rarity would
+nYPs2P9K808-00179-00046334-00046462 not let them leap from the top of
+nYPs2P9K808-00180-00046463-00046633 carousel boutique haven't complained
+nYPs2P9K808-00181-00046634-00046955 about something called liability despite
+nYPs2P9K808-00182-00046956-00047093 the fact that the girls are underaged
+nYPs2P9K808-00183-00047094-00047261 the police still charge them with the
+nYPs2P9K808-00184-00047262-00047426 misdemeanor they explained that they
+nYPs2P9K808-00185-00047427-00047539 were sick and tired of the girls
+nYPs2P9K808-00186-00047540-00047708 destructive attempts to earn their cutie
+nYPs2P9K808-00187-00047709-00047893 marks and thought a night in the holding
+nYPs2P9K808-00188-00047894-00048083 cell with other miscreants would scare
+nYPs2P9K808-00189-00048084-00048274 them straight however the police were
+nYPs2P9K808-00190-00048275-00048496 unaware of how traumatic it can be to be
+nYPs2P9K808-00191-00048497-00048695 locked in a small space with the CMC's
+nYPs2P9K808-00192-00048696-00048935 for any length of time after 15 minutes
+nYPs2P9K808-00193-00048936-00049096 of Apple Bloom's warning and Sweetie
+nYPs2P9K808-00194-00049097-00049304 Belle's a cappella rendition of 99
+nYPs2P9K808-00195-00049305-00049511 buckets of oats on the wall every single
+nYPs2P9K808-00196-00049512-00049630 one of their soul mates were ready to
+nYPs2P9K808-00197-00049631-00049826 swear off jaywalking and littering
+nYPs2P9K808-00198-00049827-00049985 forever in light of this unexpected
+nYPs2P9K808-00199-00049986-00050215 result the police department decided to
+nYPs2P9K808-00200-00050216-00050455 hire the cmcs to assist in
+nYPs2P9K808-00201-00050456-00050660 SPECT interrogations the girls are eager
+nYPs2P9K808-00202-00050661-00050815 to get started and are looking forward
+nYPs2P9K808-00203-00050816-00050971 to getting their cutie marks in annoying
+nYPs2P9K808-00204-00050972-00051208 persuasive techniques and in other news
+nYPs2P9K808-00205-00051209-00051388 legal troubles continue to mount for
+nYPs2P9K808-00206-00051389-00051595 spike as now his tongue has been
+nYPs2P9K808-00207-00051596-00051799 separately implicated in a recent string
+nYPs2P9K808-00208-00051800-00052018 of gym robberies according to the police
+nYPs2P9K808-00209-00052019-00052213 report spikes tongue has the ability to
+nYPs2P9K808-00210-00052214-00052466 act independently of its owner and over
+nYPs2P9K808-00211-00052466-00052649 time and has developed its own lust for
+nYPs2P9K808-00212-00052650-00052882 tasty jewels as a result it has been
+nYPs2P9K808-00213-00052883-00053048 sneaking its way out of spikes mouth at
+nYPs2P9K808-00214-00053049-00053141 night while he slept
+nYPs2P9K808-00215-00053141-00053326 breaking into jewelry stores and mugging
+nYPs2P9K808-00216-00053327-00053530 ponies on the street for gems police
+nYPs2P9K808-00217-00053531-00053713 were initially baffled by the thefts as
+nYPs2P9K808-00218-00053714-00053891 the perpetrator left no footprints or
+nYPs2P9K808-00219-00053891-00054079 fingerprints at the crime scene but bled
+nYPs2P9K808-00220-00054080-00054304 but did leave behind large amounts of
+nYPs2P9K808-00221-00054305-00054544 saliva a break finally came in the case
+nYPs2P9K808-00222-00054545-00054710 one night when spike awoke to find that
+nYPs2P9K808-00223-00054711-00054892 his tongue had stretched itself out the
+nYPs2P9K808-00224-00054894-00055085 door down the street and into the First
+nYPs2P9K808-00225-00055086-00055276 National Bank of Ponyville where it was
+nYPs2P9K808-00226-00055277-00055438 attempting to lick its way into the
+nYPs2P9K808-00227-00055439-00055648 vault in the panic spike called 9-1-1
+nYPs2P9K808-00228-00055649-00056212 here is an excerpt from that call 911
+nYPs2P9K808-00229-00056213-00056929 what is your emergency I'm sorry you'll
+nYPs2P9K808-00230-00056930-00057704 have to speak more clearly sir are you
+nYPs2P9K808-00231-00057704-00057878 aware that prank calling 9-1-1 is a
+nYPs2P9K808-00232-00057879-00059305 felony you hung a weevil your dumb is
+nYPs2P9K808-00233-00059306-00059873 really cool I'm not even going to touch
+nYPs2P9K808-00234-00059874-00060592 that one thankfully the police were able
+nYPs2P9K808-00235-00060593-00060775 to trace the call and then follow the
+nYPs2P9K808-00236-00060776-00060916 snaking tongue to the scene of the crime
+nYPs2P9K808-00237-00060917-00061121 after a tense standoff where the tongue
+nYPs2P9K808-00238-00061122-00061300 had taken a security guard hostage and
+nYPs2P9K808-00239-00061301-00061484 threatened to lick him to death the
+nYPs2P9K808-00240-00061485-00061654 police were able to subdue the obstinate
+nYPs2P9K808-00241-00061655-00061859 organ by covering an exposed portion
+nYPs2P9K808-00242-00061860-00062056 with a Palooza owls five-alarm fire
+nYPs2P9K808-00243-00062057-00062266 sauce helpfully provided by Pinkie Pie
+nYPs2P9K808-00244-00062267-00062416 who happened to be up cooking a
+nYPs2P9K808-00245-00062417-00062581 late-night batch of hot sauce cupcakes
+nYPs2P9K808-00246-00062582-00062818 at the sentencing the judge ordered the
+nYPs2P9K808-00247-00062819-00063004 aberrant appendage to serve six months
+nYPs2P9K808-00248-00063005-00063224 at Ponyville penitentiary seeing as this
+nYPs2P9K808-00249-00063225-00063394 was not possible without surgically
+nYPs2P9K808-00250-00063395-00063536 removing the tongue from spikes mouth
+nYPs2P9K808-00251-00063537-00063737 the judge agreed to an alternative
+nYPs2P9K808-00252-00063738-00063832 sentence
+nYPs2P9K808-00253-00063833-00063979 we'll spend the next half year wearing a
+nYPs2P9K808-00254-00063980-00064162 cage over his head and the tongue will
+nYPs2P9K808-00255-00064163-00064286 have to serve a thousand hours of
+nYPs2P9K808-00256-00064287-00064511 community service cleaning the toilets
+nYPs2P9K808-00257-00064512-00064741 at the Ponyville train station back to
+nYPs2P9K808-00258-00064742-00065037 you Joe
+nYPs2P9K808-00259-00065038-00065266 what do you mean selling crystal ponies
+nYPs2P9K808-00260-00065267-00065443 is a dishonorable ploy just to make
+nYPs2P9K808-00261-00065444-00065603 money and that crystal ponies have no
+nYPs2P9K808-00262-00065604-00065836 intrinsic value whatsoever like your
+nYPs2P9K808-00263-00065837-00065962 ideas are gonna get us in trouble
+nYPs2P9K808-00264-00065963-00066217 thank you Tec rat safety is always a top
+nYPs2P9K808-00265-00066218-00066386 priority for government that's why the
+nYPs2P9K808-00266-00066387-00066592 Celestia administration has taken many
+nYPs2P9K808-00267-00066593-00066803 steps to ensure laws allow for the
+nYPs2P9K808-00268-00066804-00067081 well-being of all ponies laws such as
+nYPs2P9K808-00269-00067082-00067265 limiting each Pony to owning only one
+nYPs2P9K808-00270-00067266-00067501 world destroying amulet restricting
+nYPs2P9K808-00271-00067502-00067691 Rainbow Dash's Sonic Rainboom into a
+nYPs2P9K808-00272-00067692-00067865 distance of ten miles from populated
+nYPs2P9K808-00273-00067866-00068078 areas except in the currents of royal
+nYPs2P9K808-00274-00068079-00068303 wedding receptions and banning Derpy
+nYPs2P9K808-00275-00068304-00068540 Hooves from touching matches that's a
+nYPs2P9K808-00276-00068541-00068731 hard one to enforce sometimes however
+nYPs2P9K808-00277-00068732-00069029 these laws can go too far it's just like
+nYPs2P9K808-00278-00069030-00069268 that ban on the salt party cannons what
+nYPs2P9K808-00279-00069269-00069511 makes a party cannon on a salt party
+nYPs2P9K808-00280-00069512-00069700 cannon and can you really assault
+nYPs2P9K808-00281-00069701-00069829 somepony with a party
+nYPs2P9K808-00282-00069830-00070030 sure you can assault somepony with cake
+nYPs2P9K808-00283-00070031-00070354 but a party no time for that debate now
+nYPs2P9K808-00284-00070355-00070628 the law we are discussing is the law
+nYPs2P9K808-00285-00070629-00070847 requiring ponies to wear helmets in the
+nYPs2P9K808-00286-00070848-00071179 vicinity of tank the taurus citizens are
+nYPs2P9K808-00287-00071180-00071407 protesting this law claiming it is an
+nYPs2P9K808-00288-00071408-00071551 overreach of government safety
+nYPs2P9K808-00289-00071552-00071632 regulations
+nYPs2P9K808-00290-00071633-00071854 we asked Rainbow Dash to comment on this
+nYPs2P9K808-00291-00071855-00072541 story who quoted mm-hmm it doesn't make
+nYPs2P9K808-00292-00072542-00072596 sense
+nYPs2P9K808-00293-00072597-00072866 sure it hurts a bunch to get hit by a
+nYPs2P9K808-00294-00072867-00072973 flying tortoise
+nYPs2P9K808-00295-00072974-00073318 she wrote Curtis not funny Rainbow Dash
+nYPs2P9K808-00296-00073319-00073624 and yeah who are cousins are not a
+nYPs2P9K808-00297-00073625-00073849 laughing matter unless it happens to
+nYPs2P9K808-00298-00073850-00074248 Applejack she no black line too but I
+nYPs2P9K808-00299-00074249-00074482 don't wear a helmet when I'm breaking
+nYPs2P9K808-00300-00074483-00074621 the speed of sound and zooming through
+nYPs2P9K808-00301-00074622-00074860 trees I guess some ponies are just weak
+nYPs2P9K808-00302-00074861-00075124 while some ponies dislike wearing a
+nYPs2P9K808-00303-00075125-00075163 helmet
+nYPs2P9K808-00304-00075164-00075386 no pony likes getting hit in the head
+nYPs2P9K808-00305-00075387-00075578 with a flying tortoise leading the
+nYPs2P9K808-00306-00075579-00075791 citizens resentment of the new tortoise
+nYPs2P9K808-00307-00075792-00075986 helmet law is an earth pony named
+nYPs2P9K808-00308-00075987-00076253 Aeschylus apparently he's writing a play
+nYPs2P9K808-00309-00076254-00076513 about how dumb the new laws we asked him
+nYPs2P9K808-00310-00076514-00076750 to comment on this story and he had this
+nYPs2P9K808-00311-00076751-00077126 to say
+nYPs2P9K808-00312-00077127-00077582 oh this Justin tank is wanted in a
+nYPs2P9K808-00313-00077583-00077900 homicide and someone who just had his
+nYPs2P9K808-00314-00077901-00078173 name cleared of a homicide charge is out
+nYPs2P9K808-00315-00078174-00078335 GT moves with this week's horseshoes and
+nYPs2P9K808-00316-00078336-00078460 hand-grenades
+nYPs2P9K808-00317-00078461-00078749 thanks to this is LT t moose and ion
+nYPs2P9K808-00318-00078750-00078913 horseshoes and hand-grenades special
+nYPs2P9K808-00319-00078914-00079211 financial report angry bits we teach you
+nYPs2P9K808-00320-00079212-00079391 the wise investment strategies you need
+nYPs2P9K808-00321-00079392-00079643 to keep your hard-earned bits it's great
+nYPs2P9K808-00322-00079644-00079835 news right now folks because right now
+nYPs2P9K808-00323-00079836-00080099 we are in a bull market oh yeah
+nYPs2P9K808-00324-00080100-00080330 the Bears have been completely broken by
+nYPs2P9K808-00325-00080331-00080498 the purchasing power of the ponies in
+nYPs2P9K808-00326-00080499-00080863 Ponyville so let's get down to the nitty
+nYPs2P9K808-00327-00080864-00081088 gritty ok I can hear you I can hear you
+nYPs2P9K808-00328-00081089-00081272 through the screen I hear you saying hey
+nYPs2P9K808-00329-00081273-00081526 moose I'm a smart guy I know what to do
+nYPs2P9K808-00330-00081527-00081599 with my bits
+nYPs2P9K808-00331-00081600-00081785 well what why should I take them out of
+nYPs2P9K808-00332-00081786-00081959 the haystack and put them in some sort
+nYPs2P9K808-00333-00081960-00082232 of investment company when five months
+nYPs2P9K808-00334-00082233-00082466 from now it can be discarded into an
+nYPs2P9K808-00335-00082467-00082709 18th century Spanish galleon that's
+nYPs2P9K808-00336-00082710-00083392 gonna sync amongst the weeping of widows
+nYPs2P9K808-00337-00083393-00083719 loser talk number one stop investing in
+nYPs2P9K808-00338-00083720-00083996 sweet Apple acres ok that's all 99% of
+nYPs2P9K808-00339-00083997-00084086 your problem right there
+nYPs2P9K808-00340-00084087-00084317 secondly there are businesses out there
+nYPs2P9K808-00341-00084318-00084544 they're in a growth market that are not
+nYPs2P9K808-00342-00084545-00084775 in constant States of apparel
+nYPs2P9K808-00343-00084776-00085141 specifically apparel a lock booms
+nYPs2P9K808-00344-00085142-00085415 Rarity's boutique its returned from its
+nYPs2P9K808-00345-00085416-00085622 initial war in this opening fashion show
+nYPs2P9K808-00346-00085623-00085835 and subsequent devouring by Paris price
+nYPs2P9K808-00347-00085836-00086093 right now she's expanded into the global
+nYPs2P9K808-00348-00086094-00086344 market is tapping foreign markets she's
+nYPs2P9K808-00349-00086345-00086642 expressly ships many many straw hats up
+nYPs2P9K808-00350-00086643-00086816 to this up to the crystal Empire I can't
+nYPs2P9K808-00351-00086817-00086990 get enough of those things up there her
+nYPs2P9K808-00352-00086991-00087224 stock price is ready to rise faster than
+nYPs2P9K808-00353-00087225-00087599 a flaming duck that's why our TYB is my
+nYPs2P9K808-00354-00087600-00087940 pick of the week so buy it now
+nYPs2P9K808-00355-00087941-00088174 all right let's take some calls what do
+nYPs2P9K808-00356-00088175-00088282 you say all right
+nYPs2P9K808-00357-00088283-00088480 boiler room for Manhattan you're done
+nYPs2P9K808-00358-00088481-00089012 lying go sing to you to my friend one
+nYPs2P9K808-00359-00089013-00089694 good news before I tell you this much I
+nYPs2P9K808-00360-00089695-00089828 love it
+nYPs2P9K808-00361-00089829-00090100 as water it's the minister snap of three
+nYPs2P9K808-00362-00090101-00090404 the most hottest IPS at the comic
+nYPs2P9K808-00363-00090405-00090655 industry right now all of them are set
+nYPs2P9K808-00364-00090656-00090803 to be turned into major motion pictures
+nYPs2P9K808-00365-00090804-00090917 within the horse the next three year
+nYPs2P9K808-00366-00090918-00091132 with sequels trilogies prequels
+nYPs2P9K808-00367-00091133-00091249 everything that you could possibly
+nYPs2P9K808-00368-00091250-00091385 imagine to go along with the movie
+nYPs2P9K808-00369-00091386-00091667 franchise merchandising the moistened
+nYPs2P9K808-00370-00091668-00092036 ice mayor do well derring-do star throw
+nYPs2P9K808-00371-00092037-00092153 the beer Nina and the Harry Potter
+nYPs2P9K808-00372-00092154-00092413 ripoff it's all big sellers amongst the
+nYPs2P9K808-00373-00092414-00092579 disposable income demographics
+nYPs2P9K808-00374-00092580-00092806 there's no stop in that jar not the
+nYPs2P9K808-00375-00092807-00092937 Joker North Philly
+nYPs2P9K808-00376-00092938-00093387 next up studied a trader Cadillac go hey
+nYPs2P9K808-00377-00093388-00094099 what can I do for you oh I'm just gonna
+nYPs2P9K808-00378-00094100-00094235 stop you right there okay cuz you just
+nYPs2P9K808-00379-00094236-00094373 said the magic words this thing's been
+nYPs2P9K808-00380-00094374-00094543 getting a lot of buzz recently but I
+nYPs2P9K808-00381-00094544-00094768 want you to know this thing is toxic
+nYPs2P9K808-00382-00094769-00095030 toxic I'm slipping under okay this is
+nYPs2P9K808-00383-00095031-00095293 the worst thing in the world people been
+nYPs2P9K808-00384-00095294-00095380 asked me and I'm gonna tell you straight
+nYPs2P9K808-00385-00095381-00095674 up right now this business if it can be
+nYPs2P9K808-00386-00095675-00095869 called such is basically the biggest
+nYPs2P9K808-00387-00095870-00096140 Pony scheme in existence alright sure it
+nYPs2P9K808-00388-00096141-00096347 all looks legitimate upfront but let's
+nYPs2P9K808-00389-00096348-00096739 take a deeper look shall we
+nYPs2P9K808-00390-00096740-00097015 here's what we know first off the guys
+nYPs2P9K808-00391-00097016-00097225 unpredictable one minute he's keeping
+nYPs2P9K808-00392-00097226-00097407 out with a biggest workaholic in an own
+nYPs2P9K808-00393-00097408-00097776 existence Twilight Sparkle and the next
+nYPs2P9K808-00394-00097777-00097972 he can't even operate a broom properly
+nYPs2P9K808-00395-00097973-00098194 secondly I know for a fact that this
+nYPs2P9K808-00396-00098195-00098479 guy's subcontractors are not legitimate
+nYPs2P9K808-00397-00098480-00098790 professionals they're immature skydivers
+nYPs2P9K808-00398-00098791-00099079 bobsledders bowlers whatever they're
+nYPs2P9K808-00399-00099080-00099244 deciding to do this week they change
+nYPs2P9K808-00400-00099245-00099640 jobs quicker than bonbon changes voices
+nYPs2P9K808-00401-00099641-00099907 yeah and lastly and really I should have
+nYPs2P9K808-00402-00099908-00100063 mentioned this first because really it's
+nYPs2P9K808-00403-00100064-00100165 the only thing you need to know before
+nYPs2P9K808-00404-00100166-00100441 you'd not invest with this guy he it's
+nYPs2P9K808-00405-00100442-00100987 oh the profits I'm talking about he just
+nYPs2P9K808-00406-00100988-00101157 takes them and spends them on something
+nYPs2P9K808-00407-00101158-00101296 by themself something nice for himself
+nYPs2P9K808-00408-00101297-00101598 no he takes the gems that people pay him
+nYPs2P9K808-00409-00101599-00101880 physically puts them in his mouth and
+nYPs2P9K808-00410-00101881-00102301 then eats them okay this is the most
+nYPs2P9K808-00411-00102302-00102444 insane part of it
+nYPs2P9K808-00412-00102445-00102598 you don't seem to take care of the pets
+nYPs2P9K808-00413-00102599-00102703 that he's in but half the time they're
+nYPs2P9K808-00414-00102704-00104169 just thank you lgt moves ball swipes
+nYPs2P9K808-00415-00104170-00104347 legal troubles continue it seems that
+nYPs2P9K808-00416-00104348-00104524 one charge has actually been dropped
+nYPs2P9K808-00417-00104525-00104779 spike has been wanted for kidnapping of
+nYPs2P9K808-00418-00104780-00105036 Phoenix for many months now apparently
+nYPs2P9K808-00419-00105038-00105234 no pony seemed to care or notice that
+nYPs2P9K808-00420-00105235-00105433 spike had a Phoenix with him when though
+nYPs2P9K808-00421-00105433-00105607 authorized sale of such creature had
+nYPs2P9K808-00422-00105608-00105838 been registered ever as everypony knows
+nYPs2P9K808-00423-00105839-00106059 Phoenix's are considered a safety hazard
+nYPs2P9K808-00424-00106060-00106276 and the law states that all ponies in
+nYPs2P9K808-00425-00106277-00106434 possession of the Phoenix need to pass a
+nYPs2P9K808-00426-00106435-00106536 background check
+nYPs2P9K808-00427-00106538-00106738 thankfully spike has returned the
+nYPs2P9K808-00428-00106739-00106939 Phoenix and both his kidnapping charges
+nYPs2P9K808-00429-00106940-00107133 and unlawful possession charges have
+nYPs2P9K808-00430-00107134-00107210 been dropped
+nYPs2P9K808-00431-00107211-00107425 unfortunately ponies are still in search
+nYPs2P9K808-00432-00107426-00107647 of a baby Kraken that went missing three
+nYPs2P9K808-00433-00107648-00107701 months ago
+nYPs2P9K808-00434-00107702-00107916 and here's Mesa now cat with this week's
+nYPs2P9K808-00435-00107917-00108163 dumping of the mint I'm not watching
+nYPs2P9K808-00436-00108164-00108585 gummy again sorry forget it first off
+nYPs2P9K808-00437-00108586-00108766 you said he didn't have any teeth I
+nYPs2P9K808-00438-00108767-00109108 found out the hard way they does yes
+nYPs2P9K808-00439-00109108-00109564 seven stitches no pinkie unless his
+nYPs2P9K808-00440-00109565-00109831 teeth are retractable I don't understand
+nYPs2P9K808-00441-00109832-00109954 why you don't know anything when he
+nYPs2P9K808-00442-00109955-00110122 bites you
+nYPs2P9K808-00443-00110123-00110419 secondly he's more clinically and stable
+nYPs2P9K808-00444-00110420-00110683 than you are he may look like he's
+nYPs2P9K808-00445-00110683-00110790 staring off into space
+nYPs2P9K808-00446-00110791-00111108 but he's really planning his next attack
+nYPs2P9K808-00447-00111108-00111394 well you can tell my dog Jenna he's
+nYPs2P9K808-00448-00111395-00111558 sorry when you see her again
+nYPs2P9K808-00449-00111559-00111871 look my segments about the start I'll
+nYPs2P9K808-00450-00111872-00112003 talk to you I have to get back from the
+nYPs2P9K808-00451-00112004-00112365 crystal Empire no I'm not mad at you I'm
+nYPs2P9K808-00452-00112366-00112647 just not happy with gummy right now okay
+nYPs2P9K808-00453-00112648-00113008 he's with Spike all right I'll talk to
+nYPs2P9K808-00454-00113008-00113169 you later
+nYPs2P9K808-00455-00113170-00113478 greetings Ponyville I've been asked to
+nYPs2P9K808-00456-00113479-00113638 give you this pony public service
+nYPs2P9K808-00457-00113639-00113932 announcements while the owners are away
+nYPs2P9K808-00458-00113933-00114161 the Pats need a place to stay
+nYPs2P9K808-00459-00114163-00114406 here's where the Ponyville Pet Sitting
+nYPs2P9K808-00460-00114407-00114649 Network comes into play which I just
+nYPs2P9K808-00461-00114650-00114903 happen to be a member of knowing that
+nYPs2P9K808-00462-00114904-00115086 your precious companions somewhere to
+nYPs2P9K808-00463-00115088-00115246 stay is just a phone call away is a
+nYPs2P9K808-00464-00115247-00115549 great stress relief especially when you
+nYPs2P9K808-00465-00115550-00115728 are caught away for rural assignments
+nYPs2P9K808-00466-00115729-00116077 the ponies in our network love animals
+nYPs2P9K808-00467-00116078-00116356 and our Fluttershy approves so you know
+nYPs2P9K808-00468-00116357-00116760 they're in good hooves however when we
+nYPs2P9K808-00469-00116761-00116985 created this network we had doggies
+nYPs2P9K808-00470-00116986-00117274 kitties maybe a few Birds and hamsters
+nYPs2P9K808-00471-00117275-00117865 in mind but we did not however expect to
+nYPs2P9K808-00472-00117866-00118126 receive every man or a creature like a
+nYPs2P9K808-00473-00118127-00118440 psychotic crocodile a foul-tempered
+nYPs2P9K808-00474-00118441-00118807 bunny or a multiple headed Hydra we do
+nYPs2P9K808-00475-00118808-00119010 not have the training to handle such
+nYPs2P9K808-00476-00119011-00119338 creatures we are volunteers not beast
+nYPs2P9K808-00477-00119339-00119752 masters if you wish to have your fashion
+nYPs2P9K808-00478-00119753-00120015 savvy sea-serpent or your mod Manor
+nYPs2P9K808-00479-00120016-00120373 manic or taken care of please contact
+nYPs2P9K808-00480-00120374-00120641 the Equestria exotic animal company
+nYPs2P9K808-00481-00120642-00120871 located just outside the everfree forest
+nYPs2P9K808-00482-00120872-00121140 near fluttershy's house they will be
+nYPs2P9K808-00483-00121141-00121339 able to take care of your furry friend
+nYPs2P9K808-00484-00121340-00121760 without fear well okay a little fear
+nYPs2P9K808-00485-00121761-00122125 maybe some tranquilizers but rest assure
+nYPs2P9K808-00486-00122126-00122413 your friends will be safe and so will
+nYPs2P9K808-00487-00122414-00122715 your town for all of your other pet
+nYPs2P9K808-00488-00122716-00123060 needs feel free to call the Ponyville
+nYPs2P9K808-00489-00123061-00123374 Pet Sitting Network
+nYPs2P9K808-00490-00123375-00123629 no Caleb puck filming it down she's
+nYPs2P9K808-00491-00123630-00124219 flammable back to you Joe
+nYPs2P9K808-00492-00124220-00124550 Thank You Mason I'll cast plate you want
+nYPs2P9K808-00493-00124551-00124949 to introduce the leather segment here's
+nYPs2P9K808-00494-00124950-00125223 the leather
+nYPs2P9K808-00495-00125224-00125435 yes Rainbow Dash I understand that
+nYPs2P9K808-00496-00125436-00125625 braver and broke your heart however that
+nYPs2P9K808-00497-00125626-00125783 doesn't mean that all of Ponyville has
+nYPs2P9K808-00498-00125784-00126108 to suffer no you don't understand
+nYPs2P9K808-00499-00126108-00126513 Rainbow Dash all of Ponyville does are
+nYPs2P9K808-00500-00126514-00126951 we live oh dear I don't even have my
+nYPs2P9K808-00501-00126952-00127092 fancy clothes on I mean this is
+nYPs2P9K808-00502-00127093-00127454 last-minute oh very well
+nYPs2P9K808-00503-00127455-00127811 serves me right woman have to call you
+nYPs2P9K808-00504-00127813-00128241 back no Rainbow no I life doesn't
+nYPs2P9K808-00505-00128242-00128561 revolve around you Rainbow Dash sorry
+nYPs2P9K808-00506-00128563-00128606 about that
+nYPs2P9K808-00507-00128607-00128820 beginning everybody my name is hack lot
+nYPs2P9K808-00508-00128821-00129015 spark and welcome to the EQI Weather
+nYPs2P9K808-00509-00129016-00129228 Center as we speak the ponies in
+nYPs2P9K808-00510-00129229-00129351 Ponyville I'm gearing up for what could
+nYPs2P9K808-00511-00129352-00129501 to be the biggest winter wrap-up in
+nYPs2P9K808-00512-00129502-00129675 history however some point is arty
+nYPs2P9K808-00513-00129676-00129870 wondering where it all goes well with
+nYPs2P9K808-00514-00129871-00130047 the help of my map of Equestria as well
+nYPs2P9K808-00515-00130048-00130173 as new radar I've installed around
+nYPs2P9K808-00516-00130174-00130361 Equestria we should be able to find out
+nYPs2P9K808-00517-00130363-00130545 where it's snow goes however
+nYPs2P9K808-00518-00130546-00130719 unfortunately to a pinkie pie's recent
+nYPs2P9K808-00519-00130720-00130961 action of using my radar power as a golf
+nYPs2P9K808-00520-00130963-00131271 ball plus Tia knows how she got a golf
+nYPs2P9K808-00521-00131272-00131526 club that big I won't be able to show
+nYPs2P9K808-00522-00131527-00131682 you how it's done all right we'll be
+nYPs2P9K808-00523-00131683-00131889 able to explain it in the tail it turns
+nYPs2P9K808-00524-00131890-00132036 out that snow is actually a handoff
+nYPs2P9K808-00525-00132037-00132201 process where the ponies of Ponyville
+nYPs2P9K808-00526-00132202-00132411 begin wrapping up the process and then
+nYPs2P9K808-00527-00132412-00132528 handing off to the residents of
+nYPs2P9K808-00528-00132529-00132699 Canterlot then it moves on towards the
+nYPs2P9K808-00529-00132700-00132858 crystal mountains where it is reported
+nYPs2P9K808-00530-00132859-00132981 that the snow will later arrive in
+nYPs2P9K808-00531-00132982-00133182 Cleveland home of big grilled cheese
+nYPs2P9K808-00532-00133183-00133365 sandwiches and Debbie W superstar the
+nYPs2P9K808-00533-00133366-00133650 minutes that Lola will jerk so there you
+nYPs2P9K808-00534-00133651-00133800 have it the science behind a winter
+nYPs2P9K808-00535-00133801-00133956 wrap-up and where the snow really goes
+nYPs2P9K808-00536-00133957-00134160 from the EQI Weather Center I'm chief
+nYPs2P9K808-00537-00134161-00134361 meteorologist Jacqueline spark back to
+nYPs2P9K808-00538-00134362-00134991 you Joe that was the weather if you were
+nYPs2P9K808-00539-00134992-00135192 wondering as spike is actually going to
+nYPs2P9K808-00540-00135193-00135459 prison don't worry all laws in Equestria
+nYPs2P9K808-00541-00135460-00135702 state that no pony can break the law
+nYPs2P9K808-00542-00135703-00135933 spike is a dragon and therefore exempt
+nYPs2P9K808-00543-00135934-00136122 at least that's what his lawyers are
+nYPs2P9K808-00544-00136123-00136347 saying Celestia could amend the laws to
+nYPs2P9K808-00545-00136348-00136503 actually apply to dragons as well as
+nYPs2P9K808-00546-00136504-00136701 ponies but that's a lot of paperwork and
+nYPs2P9K808-00547-00136702-00136821 she likes to have spike around for
+nYPs2P9K808-00548-00136822-00136959 sending letters and keeping her tea hot
+nYPs2P9K808-00549-00136960-00137247 be sure to tune in to live coverage of
+nYPs2P9K808-00550-00137248-00137454 Las Pegasus coming this month in
+nYPs2P9K808-00551-00137455-00137727 February hi Joe Stevens and LTT moose
+nYPs2P9K808-00552-00137728-00137916 will be once again interviewing guests
+nYPs2P9K808-00553-00137917-00138129 introducing panels and finding as many
+nYPs2P9K808-00554-00138130-00138281 snowflake cosplay
+nYPs2P9K808-00555-00138282-00138545 as possible tune in February 22nd to
+nYPs2P9K808-00556-00138546-00138853 24th for lost Pegasus yeah I'm Joe
+nYPs2P9K808-00557-00138854-00138986 Stephens and this has been the
+nYPs2P9K808-00558-00138987-00139228 equestrian choir good night and good
+nYPs2P9K808-00559-00139229-00139433 luck
+naF6l4epTkI-00000-00000080-00000284 okay so I guess we'll go ahead and get
+naF6l4epTkI-00001-00000285-00000340 started
+naF6l4epTkI-00002-00000341-00000566 on behalf of SUNY Oh your services I
+naF6l4epTkI-00003-00000567-00000872 want to welcome you to the brief webinar
+naF6l4epTkI-00004-00000873-00001073 we're having today on waymaker for
+naF6l4epTkI-00005-00001074-00001387 economics i am michelle beachy and I'm
+naF6l4epTkI-00006-00001388-00001565 joined today by Jamison Miller from
+naF6l4epTkI-00007-00001566-00001748 lumen learning as well as Laura Murray
+naF6l4epTkI-00008-00001748-00002246 from lumen so we're going to begin just
+naF6l4epTkI-00009-00002247-00002542 by providing a brief overview of SUNY
+naF6l4epTkI-00010-00002543-00002734 oer services and the partnership that
+naF6l4epTkI-00011-00002735-00003010 SUNY has with lumen learning and then
+naF6l4epTkI-00012-00003011-00003188 we'll move into a live demonstration of
+naF6l4epTkI-00013-00003189-00003290 waymaker
+naF6l4epTkI-00014-00003290-00003506 for economics and we'll leave some time
+naF6l4epTkI-00015-00003507-00003590 for questions
+naF6l4epTkI-00016-00003590-00003913 Laura will also be monitoring the
+naF6l4epTkI-00017-00003914-00004147 questions so feel free to either type in
+naF6l4epTkI-00018-00004148-00004427 your question or turn your mic on and
+naF6l4epTkI-00019-00004428-00004597 ask your question we have a small enough
+naF6l4epTkI-00020-00004598-00004772 group we're feel free to jump in any
+naF6l4epTkI-00021-00004773-00004958 time or will address your questions at
+naF6l4epTkI-00022-00004959-00005468 the end over the last two years more
+naF6l4epTkI-00023-00005469-00005849 than 155 thousand SUNY students and 1000
+naF6l4epTkI-00024-00005850-00006092 SUNY faculty have embraced the freedom
+naF6l4epTkI-00025-00006093-00006470 and power of oh we are SUNY oer services
+naF6l4epTkI-00026-00006470-00006698 is building on that momentum but we
+naF6l4epTkI-00027-00006698-00006970 can't scale and sustain oh we are across
+naF6l4epTkI-00028-00006972-00007414 SUNY alone we need partners lumen is a
+naF6l4epTkI-00029-00007415-00007606 leader in oh we are and a national
+naF6l4epTkI-00030-00007608-00007844 partner for SUNY given its experience
+naF6l4epTkI-00031-00007845-00008146 expertise and leadership in open
+naF6l4epTkI-00032-00008147-00008477 education together we help campuses
+naF6l4epTkI-00033-00008478-00008759 remove barriers offer affordable and
+naF6l4epTkI-00034-00008760-00009044 easy to access adaptable open course
+naF6l4epTkI-00035-00009045-00009428 materials and lumens learnings vision is
+naF6l4epTkI-00036-00009429-00009689 to enable unprecedented learning for all
+naF6l4epTkI-00037-00009690-00010085 students and impact affordability access
+naF6l4epTkI-00038-00010086-00010346 and student outcomes through effective
+naF6l4epTkI-00039-00010347-00010577 adoption of open educational resources
+naF6l4epTkI-00040-00010578-00010913 at scale and this aligns with suni's
+naF6l4epTkI-00041-00010914-00011181 mission to offer the people of New York
+naF6l4epTkI-00042-00011182-00011453 educational services of the highest
+naF6l4epTkI-00043-00011454-00011638 quality with the broadest possible
+naF6l4epTkI-00044-00011639-00012251 access so lumen learning is a partner
+naF6l4epTkI-00045-00012252-00012431 that listens to the needs of our SUNY
+naF6l4epTkI-00046-00012432-00012680 faculty responds to the latest
+naF6l4epTkI-00047-00012681-00012988 educational technological capabilities
+naF6l4epTkI-00048-00012988-00013255 incorporates oh we are into those
+naF6l4epTkI-00049-00013256-00013569 oh geez and uses data to improve our
+naF6l4epTkI-00050-00013570-00013951 efforts lumens Oh er courses and
+naF6l4epTkI-00051-00013952-00014179 platforms are available to all SUNY
+naF6l4epTkI-00052-00014180-00014410 faculty and students at no charge
+naF6l4epTkI-00053-00014411-00014700 through the system level partnership
+naF6l4epTkI-00054-00014701-00015025 SUNY oer services and the SUNY helpdesk
+naF6l4epTkI-00055-00015026-00015222 provide direct support for faculty and
+naF6l4epTkI-00056-00015223-00015607 students using lumens platforms and oay
+naF6l4epTkI-00057-00015608-00015829 our courses and that's as simple as you
+naF6l4epTkI-00058-00015830-00016186 can use the oh we are at SUNY edu and
+naF6l4epTkI-00059-00016187-00016486 those emails get directed to SUNY or er
+naF6l4epTkI-00060-00016487-00016605 services and/or
+naF6l4epTkI-00061-00016606-00017086 lumen directly for us to assist you so
+naF6l4epTkI-00062-00017087-00017272 together we're intensely focused on
+naF6l4epTkI-00063-00017273-00017569 ensuring data-driven high-quality oh we
+naF6l4epTkI-00064-00017570-00017830 are is available to SUNY students on day
+naF6l4epTkI-00065-00017831-00018139 one that the resources are offered at an
+naF6l4epTkI-00066-00018140-00018412 affordable cost and in SUNY's case you
+naF6l4epTkI-00067-00018413-00018528 can't get better than free
+naF6l4epTkI-00068-00018529-00018838 that's pretty affordable but the most
+naF6l4epTkI-00069-00018839-00019132 important goal is to improve student
+naF6l4epTkI-00070-00019133-00019783 success so in our SUNY ready to adopt a
+naF6l4epTkI-00071-00019784-00020022 our course catalog which is found at OE
+naF6l4epTkI-00072-00020023-00020328 our Nets edu you will find peer reviewed
+naF6l4epTkI-00073-00020329-00020581 course materials and ancillary teaching
+naF6l4epTkI-00074-00020582-00020893 resources for over 70 subjects all of
+naF6l4epTkI-00075-00020894-00021147 which are available at no cost to SUNY
+naF6l4epTkI-00076-00021148-00021525 students so if we click into you the
+naF6l4epTkI-00077-00021526-00021906 course catalog you see you have subject
+naF6l4epTkI-00078-00021907-00022161 areas up here that you can choose from
+naF6l4epTkI-00079-00022162-00022653 there is a search bar where you can put
+naF6l4epTkI-00080-00022654-00022825 in the words that you're looking for for
+naF6l4epTkI-00081-00022826-00023092 your course and then there's all the
+naF6l4epTkI-00082-00023093-00023394 courses here that you can browse through
+naF6l4epTkI-00083-00023395-00023703 and each of them will show you which
+naF6l4epTkI-00084-00023704-00024180 platform they're available in and just a
+naF6l4epTkI-00085-00024181-00024359 moment I will turn the controls over to
+naF6l4epTkI-00086-00024360-00024594 Jamison and he's going to show you a
+naF6l4epTkI-00087-00024595-00024822 demonstration of waymaker which is
+naF6l4epTkI-00088-00024823-00025027 course where that combines we are with
+naF6l4epTkI-00089-00025028-00025321 personalized learning tools and some
+naF6l4epTkI-00090-00025322-00025584 analytics to strengthen student learning
+naF6l4epTkI-00091-00025585-00026380 and success get back to here
+naF6l4epTkI-00092-00026381-00026572 doc sharing and turn that over to
+naF6l4epTkI-00093-00026573-00026937 Jameson thanks for showing us great
+naF6l4epTkI-00094-00026938-00027352 intro and definitely encourage everyone
+naF6l4epTkI-00095-00027352-00027652 to yeah check out Oh er Sunita edu to
+naF6l4epTkI-00096-00027652-00027910 look for courses everything that I'm
+naF6l4epTkI-00097-00027911-00028180 gonna show you here is publicly visible
+naF6l4epTkI-00098-00028181-00028414 on those websites it's all open and
+naF6l4epTkI-00099-00028414-00028570 right so we don't have it hidden behind
+naF6l4epTkI-00100-00028570-00028870 anything like a paywall or restricted in
+naF6l4epTkI-00101-00028870-00029173 any way and likewise for those of you
+naF6l4epTkI-00102-00029174-00029311 who are outside of SUNY they're joining
+naF6l4epTkI-00103-00029312-00029608 us today you can also view that site but
+naF6l4epTkI-00104-00029608-00029826 you can also be lumen learning comm
+naF6l4epTkI-00105-00029827-00030214 splash courses where we have a very
+naF6l4epTkI-00106-00030214-00030379 similar catalog of all of our publicly
+naF6l4epTkI-00107-00030380-00030702 available sites so what I'm showing you
+naF6l4epTkI-00108-00030704-00031000 today is our macroeconomics course it's
+naF6l4epTkI-00109-00031001-00031243 one that we wanted to highlight because
+naF6l4epTkI-00110-00031244-00031417 it's one that we've completely revised
+naF6l4epTkI-00111-00031418-00031804 as of late last summer and so it's just
+naF6l4epTkI-00112-00031805-00032074 been and freshly redone and it was
+naF6l4epTkI-00113-00032075-00032443 actually revised by a that was key in
+naF6l4epTkI-00114-00032444-00032644 authoring the the original micro and
+naF6l4epTkI-00115-00032645-00032983 macroeconomics text for open Stax this
+naF6l4epTkI-00116-00032984-00033109 is Steve Greene law out of the
+naF6l4epTkI-00117-00033110-00033361 University of Mary Washington and after
+naF6l4epTkI-00118-00033362-00033628 he was done completing those texts with
+naF6l4epTkI-00119-00033629-00033886 open Stax he always lamented that you
+naF6l4epTkI-00120-00033887-00034249 know the lack of interactivity and other
+naF6l4epTkI-00121-00034250-00034411 issues around the courses he wasn't
+naF6l4epTkI-00122-00034412-00034621 quite happy with those editions as they
+naF6l4epTkI-00123-00034622-00034827 were so we started to work with Steve
+naF6l4epTkI-00124-00034828-00035083 intimately in revising these courses
+naF6l4epTkI-00125-00035084-00035329 that he has actively teaching with and
+naF6l4epTkI-00126-00035330-00035477 he's actually conducting some research
+naF6l4epTkI-00127-00035478-00035929 on how not just oh we are but the oer in
+naF6l4epTkI-00128-00035930-00036208 this waymaker format is improving his
+naF6l4epTkI-00129-00036209-00036457 students experience and learning their
+naF6l4epTkI-00130-00036458-00036619 grades their throughput the retention
+naF6l4epTkI-00131-00036620-00036846 all those kind of things and he'll be
+naF6l4epTkI-00132-00036847-00037081 presenting at the sea tree conference in
+naF6l4epTkI-00133-00037082-00037201 st. Louis this year
+naF6l4epTkI-00134-00037202-00037384 that's the economics teaching and
+naF6l4epTkI-00135-00037385-00037600 learning conference that happens each
+naF6l4epTkI-00136-00037601-00037776 year so and I'll be there with him
+naF6l4epTkI-00137-00037777-00037977 talking about this so if any of you were
+naF6l4epTkI-00138-00037978-00038115 able to make it up for that would be
+naF6l4epTkI-00139-00038116-00038290 wonderful to see you there
+naF6l4epTkI-00140-00038291-00038689 and likewise if after the brief demo we
+naF6l4epTkI-00141-00038690-00038893 have today or at any time if you would
+naF6l4epTkI-00142-00038894-00039049 like an introduction to Steve he is
+naF6l4epTkI-00143-00039050-00039217 happy to talk about his experience in
+naF6l4epTkI-00144-00039218-00039390 teaching with this and why he thinks
+naF6l4epTkI-00145-00039391-00039639 it's the best option out there would be
+naF6l4epTkI-00146-00039640-00039760 happy to make those connection
+naF6l4epTkI-00147-00039761-00039936 for you sometimes it's better to hear
+naF6l4epTkI-00148-00039937-00040183 from a faculty member you know who's
+naF6l4epTkI-00149-00040184-00040383 actually taught with it exactly what's
+naF6l4epTkI-00150-00040384-00040671 going on so what you're viewing on the
+naF6l4epTkI-00151-00040672-00040845 screen right now is obviously within
+naF6l4epTkI-00152-00040846-00041182 Sunnis centralized blackboard LMS
+naF6l4epTkI-00153-00041183-00041536 instance we also can embed this course
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+naF6l4epTkI-00155-00041993-00042211 are working with those LMS is we can
+naF6l4epTkI-00156-00042212-00042393 work with any of those and it'll come in
+naF6l4epTkI-00157-00042394-00042486 in a similar fashion
+naF6l4epTkI-00158-00042487-00042751 but for our purposes today we'll just be
+naF6l4epTkI-00159-00042752-00042912 showing you what this content looks like
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+naF6l4epTkI-00163-00043771-00043815 with it
+naF6l4epTkI-00164-00043816-00044005 what we would do is send you a cartridge
+naF6l4epTkI-00165-00044006-00044308 it's a very simple zipped file that you
+naF6l4epTkI-00166-00044309-00044548 just with a few clicks can import into a
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+naF6l4epTkI-00179-00047125-00047436 you in a bit some recommendations on
+naF6l4epTkI-00180-00047437-00047692 pacing so the course is set up for a
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+naF6l4epTkI-00182-00047919-00048145 however if you're teaching in a shorter
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+naF6l4epTkI-00186-00048819-00049196 ideas like that we have a PDF of course
+naF6l4epTkI-00187-00049197-00049470 for the course that's a print-ready PDF
+naF6l4epTkI-00188-00049471-00049780 so students could not only save it to
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+naF6l4epTkI-00190-00049931-00050220 offline but if they do have certain
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+naF6l4epTkI-00192-00050377-00050487 like a print that I could certainly
+naF6l4epTkI-00193-00050488-00050742 print those out that's available to them
+naF6l4epTkI-00194-00050743-00051061 and they can also keep that ultimately
+naF6l4epTkI-00195-00051062-00051213 so if they're gonna take macro first
+naF6l4epTkI-00196-00051214-00051480 before going into micro they could have
+naF6l4epTkI-00197-00051482-00051708 a PDF that they could keep with them but
+naF6l4epTkI-00198-00051709-00051882 of course like I explained all our
+naF6l4epTkI-00199-00051883-00052080 content is is available publicly on the
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+naF6l4epTkI-00204-00052889-00053049 with right now
+naF6l4epTkI-00205-00053050-00053261 we have linked to all the assignments
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+naF6l4epTkI-00207-00053497-00053766 of the assignments will pull on either
+naF6l4epTkI-00208-00053766-00054009 data or we'll have exercises that you
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+naF6l4epTkI-00210-00054247-00054372 students can actually work out some
+naF6l4epTkI-00211-00054373-00054638 economic problems and then we also have
+naF6l4epTkI-00212-00054639-00054807 some question banks so you can devise
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+naF6l4epTkI-00214-00055017-00055122 so if you wanted to create your own
+naF6l4epTkI-00215-00055123-00055404 midterm exam or your own final exam you
+naF6l4epTkI-00216-00055404-00055809 can do that within the LMS as well of
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+naF6l4epTkI-00218-00055999-00056262 can get ahold of support at lumen if you
+naF6l4epTkI-00219-00056263-00056565 have any glitches or any questions about
+naF6l4epTkI-00220-00056566-00056826 content we're always here to support you
+naF6l4epTkI-00221-00056827-00057116 and the benefits to SUNY instructors as
+naF6l4epTkI-00222-00057117-00057285 well is that we're actually intimately
+naF6l4epTkI-00223-00057286-00057638 working with open SUNY helpdesk team so
+naF6l4epTkI-00224-00057639-00057854 they can also provide support so there's
+naF6l4epTkI-00225-00057855-00058055 lots of avenues to support for adopting
+naF6l4epTkI-00226-00058057-00058425 these these courses so those are the
+naF6l4epTkI-00227-00058426-00058592 goodies that come with the faculty
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+naF6l4epTkI-00235-00059970-00060123 on what to expect and we kind of
+naF6l4epTkI-00236-00060124-00060317 recommend touching on that maybe in your
+naF6l4epTkI-00237-00060319-00060423 first meeting like when you would
+naF6l4epTkI-00238-00060424-00060554 normally go over the syllabus you could
+naF6l4epTkI-00239-00060555-00060735 also touch on hey this is what the
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+naF6l4epTkI-00241-00061075-00061386 get into the the chapters as it were of
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+naF6l4epTkI-00244-00061980-00062148 whatever LMS you're using are available
+naF6l4epTkI-00245-00062149-00062349 to you here and it won't break anything
+naF6l4epTkI-00246-00062350-00062760 in the course excuse me so like if you
+naF6l4epTkI-00247-00062761-00063132 wanted to touch on scarcity before
+naF6l4epTkI-00248-00063133-00063291 economic thinking you can just rearrange
+naF6l4epTkI-00249-00063291-00063822 the folder order and likewise if you
+naF6l4epTkI-00250-00063823-00063990 have your own content like you're like
+naF6l4epTkI-00251-00063991-00064113 actually I have this you know really
+naF6l4epTkI-00252-00064114-00064403 beautiful really well-written article
+naF6l4epTkI-00253-00064404-00064679 from a news source that I like students
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+naF6l4epTkI-00255-00064917-00065088 first chapter you could of course add a
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+naF6l4epTkI-00263-00066558-00066740 to bring in here again it won't hurt
+naF6l4epTkI-00264-00066741-00067010 anything but by default in this
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+naF6l4epTkI-00273-00068711-00069050 and you can assign points to it if you
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+naF6l4epTkI-00307-00076593-00076691 could be some things that they've
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+naF6l4epTkI-00316-00078681-00078947 so after I take that pre quiz this is
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+naF6l4epTkI-00320-00079518-00079733 already and there's others that I don't
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+naF6l4epTkI-00326-00081051-00081188 it just was trying to give them a little
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+naF6l4epTkI-00355-00087375-00087530 Greene law saying like it's it's a
+naF6l4epTkI-00356-00087531-00087682 little weak in some areas I'd like to
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+naF6l4epTkI-00358-00087906-00088130 I want to show you a few examples of the
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+naF6l4epTkI-00366-00090020-00090716 go into the study plan and again same
+naF6l4epTkI-00367-00090717-00090932 situation we've got to get started with
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+naF6l4epTkI-00374-00092385-00092668 this this topic wrong
+naF6l4epTkI-00375-00092669-00092948 so we broke into I'm gonna go into this
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+naF6l4epTkI-00377-00093372-00093613 this section we see okay the learning
+naF6l4epTkI-00378-00093614-00093896 objective is trying to understand what
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+naF6l4epTkI-00383-00094568-00094707 taking place there
+naF6l4epTkI-00384-00094708-00094991 here we have an example of the postal
+naF6l4epTkI-00385-00094992-00095194 service again lots of Interactive's here
+naF6l4epTkI-00386-00095195-00095338 where you know you get some questions
+naF6l4epTkI-00387-00095339-00095567 and you can get like an answer uh-huh so
+naF6l4epTkI-00388-00095568-00095701 you get a chance to get some immediate
+naF6l4epTkI-00389-00095702-00096076 feedback on what's going on in these if
+naF6l4epTkI-00390-00096077-00096224 I come down below this section there's
+naF6l4epTkI-00391-00096225-00096455 an area where I can try things out check
+naF6l4epTkI-00392-00096456-00096596 a question I'll get an immediate
+naF6l4epTkI-00393-00096597-00097210 feedback on the how that's going
+naF6l4epTkI-00394-00097211-00097474 changes in supply and demand now we can
+naF6l4epTkI-00395-00097475-00097640 see what happens when things start to
+naF6l4epTkI-00396-00097641-00097849 move and change along these graphs it's
+naF6l4epTkI-00397-00097850-00098131 giving us really kind of exploding what
+naF6l4epTkI-00398-00098132-00098390 was a very complex kind of topic and
+naF6l4epTkI-00399-00098391-00098638 looking at it piece by piece we've got
+naF6l4epTkI-00400-00098639-00098942 some video topics to help further
+naF6l4epTkI-00401-00098943-00099244 explore and explain and I should explain
+naF6l4epTkI-00402-00099245-00099509 to you as well that everything in these
+naF6l4epTkI-00403-00099510-00099694 courses has been accessibility reviewed
+naF6l4epTkI-00404-00099695-00099880 so all the contents a screen reader
+naF6l4epTkI-00405-00099881-00100136 compatible when there's images there's
+naF6l4epTkI-00406-00100137-00100310 alt text when there's videos they've
+naF6l4epTkI-00407-00100311-00100507 been captioned so we've kind of taken
+naF6l4epTkI-00408-00100508-00100951 care of that area for you as well pull
+naF6l4epTkI-00409-00100952-00101263 back out to the study plan and I think
+naF6l4epTkI-00410-00101264-00101731 in this changes in equilibrium is where
+naF6l4epTkI-00411-00101732-00101846 we've got a really good kind of
+naF6l4epTkI-00412-00101847-00102311 interactive so this is I'm gonna zoom
+naF6l4epTkI-00413-00102312-00102464 out a little bit so we can see a little
+naF6l4epTkI-00414-00102465-00102793 bit more moon with a laptop screen but
+naF6l4epTkI-00415-00102794-00102958 in this exercise one good weather for
+naF6l4epTkI-00416-00102959-00103156 salmon fishing we use a case study from
+naF6l4epTkI-00417-00103157-00103318 the real world right where we're talking
+naF6l4epTkI-00418-00103319-00103708 about how the environment impacts supply
+naF6l4epTkI-00419-00103709-00103939 of salmon and then how that might affect
+naF6l4epTkI-00420-00103940-00104290 demand and in the original open Stax
+naF6l4epTkI-00421-00104291-00104569 text this is a fixed graph that shows a
+naF6l4epTkI-00422-00104570-00104809 very complicated you know the work shows
+naF6l4epTkI-00423-00104810-00105235 the the change in the environment and
+naF6l4epTkI-00424-00105236-00105470 and the supply and demand and it's one
+naF6l4epTkI-00425-00105471-00105596 graph that was shown all once and this
+naF6l4epTkI-00426-00105597-00105739 is what the the graph I was talking
+naF6l4epTkI-00427-00105740-00106019 about earlier where we saw that
+naF6l4epTkI-00428-00106020-00106266 students were not getting this concept
+naF6l4epTkI-00429-00106267-00106558 trying to understand the four steps that
+naF6l4epTkI-00430-00106559-00106793 are at play here that are explained up
+naF6l4epTkI-00431-00106794-00106990 here step one two three and four
+naF6l4epTkI-00432-00106991-00107191 they weren't catching it all when it was
+naF6l4epTkI-00433-00107192-00107476 in one fixed graph so our team took the
+naF6l4epTkI-00434-00107477-00107641 graph apart again thankfully since it
+naF6l4epTkI-00435-00107642-00107897 was openly licensed from openstax we
+naF6l4epTkI-00436-00107898-00108173 could manipulate change things and turn
+naF6l4epTkI-00437-00108174-00108332 it into an interactive where students
+naF6l4epTkI-00438-00108333-00108541 can then say okay here's step one where
+naF6l4epTkI-00439-00108542-00108709 we're going to draw the supply and
+naF6l4epTkI-00440-00108710-00108950 demand curves and where they intersect
+naF6l4epTkI-00441-00108951-00109150 is our equilibrium point but what's
+naF6l4epTkI-00442-00109151-00109501 happening now when you know we've had
+naF6l4epTkI-00443-00109502-00109915 some rain and good weather how do we how
+naF6l4epTkI-00444-00109916-00110059 do we expect that to affect the supply
+naF6l4epTkI-00445-00110060-00110372 of salmon or the demand of it and what
+naF6l4epTkI-00446-00110373-00110573 will effect well let me take a guess
+naF6l4epTkI-00447-00110574-00110803 here man no it's giving me some feedback
+naF6l4epTkI-00448-00110804-00110995 that's not right so I can try again
+naF6l4epTkI-00449-00110996-00111526 supply check okay yes the raining good
+naF6l4epTkI-00450-00111527-00111695 weather of course will affect the amount
+naF6l4epTkI-00451-00111696-00111893 of salmon available not the desire for
+naF6l4epTkI-00452-00111894-00112121 salmon okay good as a student I can
+naF6l4epTkI-00453-00112122-00112322 start to now see okay and now we're
+naF6l4epTkI-00454-00112323-00112585 seeing the supply change over again what
+naF6l4epTkI-00455-00112586-00112823 am I gonna see I'm gonna see a maybe a
+naF6l4epTkI-00456-00112824-00113099 decrease in the overall no that's not
+naF6l4epTkI-00457-00113100-00113308 right of course it's gonna be let me try
+naF6l4epTkI-00458-00113309-00113587 again increase so again it's a way for
+naF6l4epTkI-00459-00113588-00113839 students to play with understand and get
+naF6l4epTkI-00460-00113840-00114044 some immediate feedback kind of calm so
+naF6l4epTkI-00461-00114045-00114214 instead of being fed this really
+naF6l4epTkI-00462-00114215-00114400 complicated graph all at once it's kind
+naF6l4epTkI-00463-00114401-00114644 of pulled apart and built upon itself we
+naF6l4epTkI-00464-00114645-00114784 have lots of examples throughout the
+naF6l4epTkI-00465-00114785-00115157 course like that so we don't have much
+naF6l4epTkI-00466-00115158-00115421 time to dive into all the examples like
+naF6l4epTkI-00467-00115422-00115627 this in here but I wanted to give you a
+naF6l4epTkI-00468-00115628-00115939 peek at some of the content and how my
+naF6l4epTkI-00469-00115940-00116081 goodness how things look so much nicer
+naF6l4epTkI-00470-00116082-00116372 in blackboard if um through through this
+naF6l4epTkI-00471-00116373-00116582 kind of content rather than how we
+naF6l4epTkI-00472-00116583-00116768 traditionally see things in blackboard
+naF6l4epTkI-00473-00116769-00117037 certainly a lot better here I think a
+naF6l4epTkI-00474-00117038-00117184 much better learning experience for
+naF6l4epTkI-00475-00117185-00117395 students so I definitely want to pause
+naF6l4epTkI-00476-00117396-00117690 here and ask you what questions are
+naF6l4epTkI-00477-00117691-00118594 coming up for you so far
+naF6l4epTkI-00478-00118595-00118931 in Frank and Patrick if you can either
+naF6l4epTkI-00479-00118932-00119204 unmute yourselves and use your mics or
+naF6l4epTkI-00480-00119205-00119458 you're welcome to use the Q&A tool if
+naF6l4epTkI-00481-00119459-00119663 you can see that at the bottom of your
+naF6l4epTkI-00482-00119664-00119981 screen I'm also I also have an eye on
+naF6l4epTkI-00483-00119982-00120460 the chat as well if no questions are
+naF6l4epTkI-00484-00120461-00120626 immediately coming up I would be happy
+naF6l4epTkI-00485-00120627-00121007 to jump into an area where I breezed
+naF6l4epTkI-00486-00121008-00121247 over before but something that can be
+naF6l4epTkI-00487-00121248-00121547 incredibly helpful to instructors I've
+naF6l4epTkI-00488-00121548-00121721 gone back into that faculty resources
+naF6l4epTkI-00489-00121722-00121895 folder where there's those goodies as I
+naF6l4epTkI-00490-00121896-00122011 refer to them earlier
+naF6l4epTkI-00491-00122013-00122171 they'll want the top here is this
+naF6l4epTkI-00492-00122172-00122533 waymaker faculty tools so so far we've
+naF6l4epTkI-00493-00122534-00122777 seen how the content looks to the
+naF6l4epTkI-00494-00122778-00122918 students and that personalized learning
+naF6l4epTkI-00495-00122919-00123128 experience for the students well these
+naF6l4epTkI-00496-00123129-00123431 are some of the the tools that come in
+naF6l4epTkI-00497-00123432-00123698 for the instructor and they are going to
+naF6l4epTkI-00498-00123699-00123989 help you in communicating with your
+naF6l4epTkI-00499-00123990-00124130 students you can set up some
+naF6l4epTkI-00500-00124131-00124336 semi-automated messaging so that when
+naF6l4epTkI-00501-00124338-00124490 students do take that quiz I was
+naF6l4epTkI-00502-00124491-00124715 referring to they can get an email from
+naF6l4epTkI-00503-00124716-00125011 you that says either hey well done these
+naF6l4epTkI-00504-00125013-00125183 are messages that you can customize so
+naF6l4epTkI-00505-00125183-00125420 they're coming from your voice or it'll
+naF6l4epTkI-00506-00125421-00125549 give them some study tips like hey I
+naF6l4epTkI-00507-00125550-00125659 know you kind of struggled with your
+naF6l4epTkI-00508-00125660-00125945 first attempt on the quiz on a supply
+naF6l4epTkI-00509-00125946-00126173 and demand here's some areas where you
+naF6l4epTkI-00510-00126174-00126413 could kind of study up let me know if
+naF6l4epTkI-00511-00126414-00126593 you have any questions and those will go
+naF6l4epTkI-00512-00126594-00126815 out automatically to the students and I
+naF6l4epTkI-00513-00126816-00126980 know from my experience as an instructor
+naF6l4epTkI-00514-00126981-00127268 I always intended especially if I was
+naF6l4epTkI-00515-00127269-00127475 teaching a hybrid or an online course to
+naF6l4epTkI-00516-00127476-00127654 keep in touch with students and
+naF6l4epTkI-00517-00127655-00127874 certainly intended to keep up with the
+naF6l4epTkI-00518-00127875-00128000 students that we're doing really well
+naF6l4epTkI-00519-00128001-00128189 and the course give them some kudos but
+naF6l4epTkI-00520-00128190-00128359 inevitably those are the ones that I
+naF6l4epTkI-00521-00128360-00128756 would have to put to the bottom of my
+naF6l4epTkI-00522-00128757-00128957 list and pay more attention only to the
+naF6l4epTkI-00523-00128958-00129089 students who appeared to be struggling
+naF6l4epTkI-00524-00129090-00129218 well in this case you know you're
+naF6l4epTkI-00525-00129219-00129421 starting to engage with your students
+naF6l4epTkI-00526-00129422-00129610 overall and they start to get some
+naF6l4epTkI-00527-00129611-00129866 feedback you'll also get if I look at
+naF6l4epTkI-00528-00129867-00130067 the view individual student histories
+naF6l4epTkI-00529-00130068-00130232 here oh it looks like these courses
+naF6l4epTkI-00530-00130233-00130461 don't have our student data loaded in
+naF6l4epTkI-00531-00130463-00130786 but in this particular view what you can
+naF6l4epTkI-00532-00130788-00130976 see when you look in here is you can see
+naF6l4epTkI-00533-00130977-00131159 how students are doing as they're going
+naF6l4epTkI-00534-00131160-00131414 through the course and you can see how
+naF6l4epTkI-00535-00131415-00131630 whether or not they're actually clicking
+naF6l4epTkI-00536-00131631-00131759 into the modules
+naF6l4epTkI-00537-00131760-00132026 actually doing any reading so you can
+naF6l4epTkI-00538-00132027-00132200 see like if you have a student that's a
+naF6l4epTkI-00539-00132201-00132536 struggling in class and you can see
+naF6l4epTkI-00540-00132537-00132707 whether or not they've actually opened
+naF6l4epTkI-00541-00132708-00132821 up any of the material that or if
+naF6l4epTkI-00542-00132822-00133010 they're just jumping to the quiz which
+naF6l4epTkI-00543-00133011-00133216 can be helpful for you to understand if
+naF6l4epTkI-00544-00133217-00133366 they're coming to you saying I'm doing
+naF6l4epTkI-00545-00133367-00133490 all the reading but I'm not quite
+naF6l4epTkI-00546-00133491-00133654 getting it you have a little bit of
+naF6l4epTkI-00547-00133655-00134114 insight into how they're going there's
+naF6l4epTkI-00548-00134115-00134377 uh the automated messaging tools you
+naF6l4epTkI-00549-00134378-00134546 just set up once at the beginning of the
+naF6l4epTkI-00550-00134547-00134675 semester and then we'll run the
+naF6l4epTkI-00551-00134676-00135089 background for you and then lastly if
+naF6l4epTkI-00552-00135090-00135299 there are students who are appearing to
+naF6l4epTkI-00553-00135300-00135470 be engaged that Jews seem to be clicking
+naF6l4epTkI-00554-00135471-00135611 through and working with all the
+naF6l4epTkI-00555-00135612-00135812 Interactive's but are still scoring low
+naF6l4epTkI-00556-00135813-00136037 on the quizzes we consider those a
+naF6l4epTkI-00557-00136038-00136313 special case so that's a student who is
+naF6l4epTkI-00558-00136314-00136511 struggling even though they're they're
+naF6l4epTkI-00559-00136512-00136757 trying so those are students that will
+naF6l4epTkI-00560-00136758-00136981 be flagged especially for you at the top
+naF6l4epTkI-00561-00136982-00137414 and you can send them a message that you
+naF6l4epTkI-00562-00137415-00137561 get a chance to edit before it goes out
+naF6l4epTkI-00563-00137562-00137771 out the door because those are students
+naF6l4epTkI-00564-00137772-00137975 that we feel like can really benefit
+naF6l4epTkI-00565-00137976-00138152 from working with you and getting some
+naF6l4epTkI-00566-00138153-00138860 extra help so like we are saying at the
+naF6l4epTkI-00567-00138861-00139129 start these courses are available in no
+naF6l4epTkI-00568-00139130-00139550 cost to students so all you need to do
+naF6l4epTkI-00569-00139551-00139877 is go check out that catalog Oh er dot
+naF6l4epTkI-00570-00139878-00140162 SUNY edu if you see the course you like
+naF6l4epTkI-00571-00140163-00140270 there's a button you can click right
+naF6l4epTkI-00572-00140271-00140468 from in there that you can try the
+naF6l4epTkI-00573-00140469-00140606 course out we will send you one of these
+naF6l4epTkI-00574-00140607-00140783 cartridges and you can bring it into
+naF6l4epTkI-00575-00140784-00140924 your LMS and you can kind of take a
+naF6l4epTkI-00576-00140925-00141122 closer look and see how how it is in
+naF6l4epTkI-00577-00141123-00141314 there and start to think about hey if I
+naF6l4epTkI-00578-00141315-00141464 wanted to start teaching you know the
+naF6l4epTkI-00579-00141465-00141695 summer or this fall how would I want to
+naF6l4epTkI-00580-00141696-00141881 organize the course take a look at the
+naF6l4epTkI-00581-00141882-00142013 assignments so you know are these
+naF6l4epTkI-00582-00142014-00142177 assignments ones that you want and
+naF6l4epTkI-00583-00142178-00142433 really start to to customize it to to
+naF6l4epTkI-00584-00142434-00142721 your needs and and give it a shot and
+naF6l4epTkI-00585-00142722-00142891 your students can have access to this
+naF6l4epTkI-00586-00142892-00143186 really high quality content really high
+naF6l4epTkI-00587-00143187-00143621 quality content and nothing compared to
+naF6l4epTkI-00588-00143622-00143984 the 100 or 150 or 200 dollar textbooks
+naF6l4epTkI-00589-00143985-00144263 and other software samples that they
+naF6l4epTkI-00590-00144264-00144687 have from before so
+naF6l4epTkI-00591-00144688-00144948 again happy to open up the the floor to
+naF6l4epTkI-00592-00144949-00145416 any questions that you have and if not
+naF6l4epTkI-00593-00145417-00145569 we should be sending all of you one of
+naF6l4epTkI-00594-00145570-00145761 these courses so you can start to start
+naF6l4epTkI-00595-00145762-00145923 working with it right away and we have
+naF6l4epTkI-00596-00145924-00146058 macroeconomics we also have
+naF6l4epTkI-00597-00146059-00146421 microeconomics and for those instances
+naF6l4epTkI-00598-00146422-00146574 where you might be covering topics from
+naF6l4epTkI-00599-00146575-00146775 either of those if you've got one course
+naF6l4epTkI-00600-00146776-00146958 that kind of touches on contents in both
+naF6l4epTkI-00601-00146959-00147120 of those we actually also have a course
+naF6l4epTkI-00602-00147121-00147348 where we've matched up both the macro
+naF6l4epTkI-00603-00147349-00147600 and micro it's a huge course right like
+naF6l4epTkI-00604-00147601-00147798 almost 30 modules but you could bring
+naF6l4epTkI-00605-00147799-00147948 the whole thing in and then get rid of
+naF6l4epTkI-00606-00147949-00148098 all the ones that you didn't want and
+naF6l4epTkI-00607-00148099-00148326 you could have a customized kind of mash
+naF6l4epTkI-00608-00148327-00148557 up both macro and micro topics depending
+naF6l4epTkI-00609-00148558-00148716 on how you like curriculums organized at
+naF6l4epTkI-00610-00148717-00149577 your institution any questions at all
+naF6l4epTkI-00611-00149578-00149709 for Jamison
+naF6l4epTkI-00612-00149710-00150186 or me just a reminder that if you do
+naF6l4epTkI-00613-00150187-00150423 think of questions at any time later you
+naF6l4epTkI-00614-00150424-00150738 can always send out an email - oh we are
+naF6l4epTkI-00615-00150739-00151014 at SUNY edu we'd be happy to address
+naF6l4epTkI-00616-00151015-00151182 those those go right to our dedicated
+naF6l4epTkI-00617-00151183-00151482 staff at the SUNY helpdesk and they will
+naF6l4epTkI-00618-00151483-00151794 filter your question to either those of
+naF6l4epTkI-00619-00151795-00151968 us that work directly with oh we are on
+naF6l4epTkI-00620-00151969-00152349 the campuses or to lumen they can if you
+naF6l4epTkI-00621-00152350-00152619 email them they can also set up one of
+naF6l4epTkI-00622-00152620-00152736 those demo
+naF6l4epTkI-00623-00152737-00152910 courses that Jamison was talking about
+naF6l4epTkI-00624-00152911-00153006 if you want to get in there and play
+naF6l4epTkI-00625-00153007-00153297 around a little bit so any questions at
+naF6l4epTkI-00626-00153298-00153486 any time we'd be happy to address those
+naF6l4epTkI-00627-00153487-00153792 if you don't have anything today um can
+naF6l4epTkI-00628-00153793-00153977 we thank everyone for attending
+naF6l4epTkI-00629-00153978-00154185 appreciate your time I know everyone's
+naF6l4epTkI-00630-00154186-00154515 busy but feel free to reach out if we
+naF6l4epTkI-00631-00154516-00154935 can answer any questions Thanks thank
+naF6l4epTkI-00632-00154936-00155100 you thanks everyone
+naF6l4epTkI-00633-00155101-00155358 take care
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00000-00000115-00000337 this article is about the ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00001-00000338-00000787 varieties around the world
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00002-00000788-00001133 Argentina
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00003-00001134-00001416 while industrial icecream exists in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00004-00001417-00001581 Argentina and can be found in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00005-00001582-00001826 supermarkets restaurants or kiosks and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00006-00001827-00002037 ice cream puffs are sold on some streets
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00007-00002038-00002195 and at the beaches the most traditional
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00008-00002196-00002421 Argentine lotto ice cream is very
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00009-00002422-00002684 similar to Italian gelato rather than
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00010-00002685-00002885 u.s. style ice cream and it has become
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00011-00002886-00003066 one of the most popular desserts in the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00012-00003067-00003279 country among the most famous
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00013-00003279-00003774 manufacturers are Fredo Persico Cheung
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00014-00003775-00004302 go crema latte end moon cheese all of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00015-00004303-00004569 them located in Buenos Aires each city
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00016-00004570-00004767 has its own hella Daria's ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00017-00004768-00004974 parlors which offer different varieties
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00018-00004975-00005181 of creamy and water-based ice creams
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00019-00005182-00005388 including both standard and regional
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00020-00005389-00005645 flavors there are hundreds of flavors
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00021-00005646-00005868 but Argentina's most traditional and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00022-00005869-00006120 popular one is dulce de leche which has
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00023-00006121-00006345 become popular abroad especially in the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00024-00006346-00006539 US
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00025-00006540-00006780 there are two kinds of hella Daria's in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00026-00006781-00006984 Argentina the cheaper ones which sell
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00027-00006984-00007137 ice cream with artificial ingredients
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00028-00007138-00007419 like hell our Kate Peru low say - and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00029-00007420-00007638 the largest one Greedo and the ones that
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00030-00007639-00007823 sell a lot o artisanal made with natural
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00031-00007825-00008060 ingredients and usually distinguished by
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00032-00008061-00008274 a logo featuring an ice cream cone and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00033-00008275-00008496 the letters ha there are no regulations
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00034-00008497-00008717 in Argentina regarding the amount of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00035-00008718-00009009 milk and ice cream can have in fact all
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00036-00009010-00009246 ice cream parlors serve both cream based
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00037-00009247-00009491 and water based ice cream a lot o Allah
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00038-00009492-00009746 crema and a lot o al agua respectively
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00039-00009747-00009951 instead the distinctions are made
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00040-00009952-00010101 according to the quality of the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00041-00010102-00010324 ingredient
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00042-00010325-00010561 a standard Argentine cone or cup
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00043-00010562-00010750 contains two different flavors of ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00044-00010751-00011035 cream in addition to these most hallowed
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00045-00011036-00011254 areas offer ice cream based desserts
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00046-00011255-00011488 like bonbon Suazo Swiss bonbon
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00047-00011489-00011698 chocolate-covered Chantilly ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00048-00011699-00011935 filled with dulce de leche and sprinkled
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00049-00011936-00012169 with nuts bonbon ESCA seis Scottish
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00050-00012170-00012412 bonbon same as the Swiss bonbon only
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00051-00012413-00012571 with chocolate ice cream and white
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00052-00012572-00012805 chocolate topping Casa de strawberry
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00053-00012806-00012996 vanilla and chocolate ice cream and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00054-00012997-00013216 almond rata almond ice cream sprinkled
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00055-00013216-00013491 with almond praline
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00056-00013491-00013930 Australia and New Zealand
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00057-00013931-00014191 per capita Australians and New
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00058-00014193-00014366 Zealanders are among the leading ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00059-00014366-00014603 cream consumers in the world eating 18
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00060-00014604-00014810 litres and 20 litres each per year
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00061-00014811-00015005 respectively behind the United States
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00062-00015006-00015418 where people eat 23 litres each per year
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00063-00015419-00015715 brands include tip-top streets Peters
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00064-00015716-00015979 Sarah Lee New Zealand natural Cadbury
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00065-00015980-00016257 baskin-robbins and Bullard Dairy Foods a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00066-00016258-00016492 popular ice cream flavor in New Zealand
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00067-00016493-00016771 Australia and Japan that originated in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00068-00016772-00017088 New Zealand it's hokey-pokey
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00069-00017089-00017723 China Hong Kong Macau and Taiwan
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00070-00017724-00017967 besides the popular flavors such as
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00071-00017968-00018213 vanilla chocolate coffee mango and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00072-00018214-00018414 strawberry many Chinese ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00073-00018415-00018618 manufacturers also introduced other
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00074-00018619-00018834 traditional flavors such as black sesame
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00075-00018835-00019093 red beans
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00076-00019094-00019384 in recent years Hong Kong Macau and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00077-00019385-00019579 Taiwan desert houses also serve
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00078-00019580-00019741 ice-cream moon cake during the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00079-00019742-00020094 mid-autumn festival moon festival
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00080-00020095-00020355 fried ice cream is served at street food
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00081-00020356-00020622 stalls in Beijing
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00082-00020623-00021228 Cuba in Cuba ice cream is sold at the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00083-00021229-00021433 state-run Capelli a chain of ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00084-00021434-00021841 parlors capella was founded in 1966 by
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00085-00021842-00022063 Fidel Castro his aimed to introduce his
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00086-00022064-00022249 love of dairy products to the Cuban
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00087-00022250-00022425 masses and to prove that a communist
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00088-00022426-00022591 enterprise could provide better ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00089-00022592-00022803 cream in flavor selection than American
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00090-00022804-00023116 brand in the capital Havana the Capelli
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00091-00023117-00023353 a parlour is an architectural icon and a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00092-00023354-00023550 major landmark and meeting place in the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00093-00023551-00023856 city in 2012 the Cuban newspaper
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00094-00023857-00024103 trabajadores exposed the short supply
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00095-00024104-00024346 for service and melted ice-cream served
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00096-00024347-00024583 at the landmark
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00097-00024584-00025163 Finland the first ice cream manufacturer
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00098-00025164-00025421 in Finland was the Italian Magi family
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00099-00025422-00025600 who opened the housing and Jonna load it
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00100-00025601-00025903 is in 1922 and suomen Eskimo oi
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00101-00025904-00026174 other manufacturers soon spawned like
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00102-00026175-00026691 pts are and Jonna loaded is 1928 to 2002
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00103-00026692-00026964 Finland's first ice cream bar opened at
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00104-00026966-00027244 the leisa pallet see in 1936 and at the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00105-00027245-00027460 same time another manufacturer Mondal
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00106-00027461-00027633 Julie G and my cokes get started their
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00107-00027635-00027850 production
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00108-00027851-00028083 today the two largest ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00109-00028085-00028306 manufacturers are Eggman and Nestle who
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00110-00028307-00028614 bought Valeo jacala Finland is also the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00111-00028616-00028816 leading consumer of ice cream in Europe
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00112-00028817-00029301 with 13.7 liters per person in 2003
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00113-00029302-00030030 France in 1651 Italian Francesco Dei
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00114-00030031-00030255 cold tele opened an ice cream cafe in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00115-00030256-00030449 Paris and the product became so popular
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00116-00030450-00030657 that during the next 50 years another
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00117-00030658-00031040 250 cafes opened in Paris some people
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00118-00031041-00031254 eat harder long shaped cakes made of ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00119-00031255-00031637 cream on New Year s Eve or New Year s
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00120-00031638-00031968 day
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00121-00031969-00032349 Germany
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00122-00032350-00032558 one of the first well-known Italian
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00123-00032560-00032805 ice-cream parlors ice deal was founded
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00124-00032806-00033078 in Munich in 1879 and run by the Sark
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00125-00033079-00033171 lucky family
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00126-00033172-00033423 this traditional family business was
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00127-00033424-00033564 handed from generation to generation
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00128-00033565-00033951 ever since since the 1920s when many
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00129-00033952-00034185 Italians immigrated and set up business
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00130-00034186-00034410 the traditional ice-cream parlors became
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00131-00034411-00034731 very popular a popular German ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00132-00034732-00034950 dish is spaghetti is created by Dario
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00133-00034951-00035211 Fontanella in the 1960s and made to look
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00134-00035212-00035494 like a plate of spaghetti
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00135-00035495-00035794 about 80% percent of the ice cream sold
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00136-00035795-00036028 in Germany is produced industrially with
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00137-00036029-00036234 the leading manufacturer being Unilever
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00138-00036235-00036595 about 17% is produced commercially and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00139-00036596-00036814 the remaining 3% is produced for the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00140-00036815-00037171 soft-serve sector in 2013 Germany had
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00141-00037172-00037354 the largest market for ice cream in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00142-00037355-00037765 Europe at 2.7 billion dollars revenue
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00143-00037766-00038411 gaana in 1962 the Ghanaian treat
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00144-00038412-00038605 Fannie's was created by the fan milk
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00145-00038606-00038870 limited company Fannie's comes in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00146-00038871-00039112 strawberry chocolate and vanilla fan
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00147-00039113-00039317 milk also makes additional products
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00148-00039318-00039514 though Fanny's is the closest to Western
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00149-00039515-00039785 ice cream pouches of Fanny's and other
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00150-00039786-00039986 fan milk products can be bought from men
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00151-00039987-00040189 on bikes equipped with chill boxes in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00152-00040190-00040408 any moderately sized town and in cities
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00153-00040409-00040711 large enough for grocery stores fan milk
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00154-00040712-00040912 can also be bought in tubs for eating at
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00155-00040913-00041245 home in 2006 fan milk was voted best ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00156-00041246-00041501 cream in the world
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00157-00041502-00042107 Griese ice cream in its modern form or
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00158-00042108-00042356 pagoda greek pagoda was introduced in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00159-00042357-00042542 greece along its development in europe
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00160-00042543-00042742 in the beginning of the 20th century
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00161-00042743-00042974 earlier than that i streets have been
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00162-00042975-00043130 enjoyed in the country since ancient
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00163-00043131-00043421 times during the fifth century BC
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00164-00043422-00043631 ancient Greeks ate snow mixed with honey
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00165-00043632-00043904 and fruit in the markets of Athens the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00166-00043905-00044108 father of modern medicine Hippocrates
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00167-00044109-00044324 encouraged his ancient Greek patients to
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00168-00044325-00044624 eat ice as it livens the life juices and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00169-00044625-00044891 increases the well-being in the fourth
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00170-00044892-00045104 century BC it was well known that a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00171-00045105-00045275 favourite treat of Alexander the Great
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00172-00045276-00045458 with snow ice mixed with honey and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00173-00045459-00045758 nectar in the modern day Greek ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00174-00045759-00045962 has been heavily influenced by Turkish
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00175-00045963-00046157 ice cream Don derma thus the name used
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00176-00046158-00046337 to be called due dormice but because of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00177-00046338-00046562 greco-turkish relations most Turkish
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00178-00046563-00046739 related foods are coined a more Greek
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00179-00046740-00047042 idiom Greek ice cream recipes have some
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00180-00047043-00047270 unique flavors such as pagoda Kaimuki
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00181-00047271-00047516 greek pagoda Kaimuki made from mastic
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00182-00047517-00047690 resin which gives it an almost chewy
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00183-00047691-00047882 texture and silletti used as a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00184-00047883-00048059 thickening agent to increase resistance
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00185-00048060-00048293 to melting both giving a unique taste to
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00186-00048294-00048512 the ice cream we go to Elia Londo me
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00187-00048513-00048803 psycho Greek Li Olano me psycho made of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00188-00048804-00049082 olive oil and figs Widodo kataifi Coco
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00189-00049083-00049331 Greek pagode oka toffee cacao made from
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00190-00049332-00049517 the shredded phyllo dough pastry that
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00191-00049518-00049745 resembles angel's hair pasta similar to
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00192-00049746-00049955 vermicelli but much thinner and pagoda
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00193-00049956-00050195 Mauro Daphne Greek more Oh Daphne pagoda
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00194-00050196-00050372 made from a Greek dessert wine
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00195-00050373-00050612 fruity Greek sweets of the spoon are
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00196-00050613-00050801 usually served as toppings with Greek
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00197-00050802-00051307 inspired ice cream flavors
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00198-00051308-00051862 India India is one of the largest
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00199-00051863-00052087 producers of ice cream in the world but
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00200-00052088-00052251 most of its ice cream is consumed
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00201-00052252-00052546 domestically India also has a domestic
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00202-00052547-00052929 ice cream product known as kulfi or
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00203-00052929-00053280 matka kulfi which is famous in small
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00204-00053282-00053554 towns and villages major brands are Amul
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00205-00053554-00053929 quality' vana law mother dairy etc in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00206-00053929-00054169 recent times many domestic ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00207-00054170-00054346 companies have opened their exclusive
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00208-00054347-00054519 outlets in metros and several
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00209-00054520-00054721 international ice cream companies also
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00210-00054722-00055071 started their operation in India
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00211-00055072-00055660 Indonesia in Indonesia there is a tight
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00212-00055661-00056042 traditional ice cream called s pruder or
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00213-00056044-00056379 stirred ice cream it's made from some
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00214-00056380-00056629 ingredients coconut milk pandanus leaves
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00215-00056629-00056833 and sugar with flavoring avocado
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00216-00056834-00057121 jackfruit durian palm sugar chocolate
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00217-00057122-00057340 red bean mung bean or our favorite of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00218-00057341-00057544 flavor
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00219-00057545-00058150 Iran salute Persian faldor pollute
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00220-00058151-00058391 Persian fouled is a Persian sorbet made
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00221-00058391-00058588 of thin vermicelli noodles frozen with
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00222-00058589-00058829 cornstarch rose water lime juice and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00223-00058829-00059086 often ground pistachios it is a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00224-00059087-00059263 traditional dessert in Iran and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00225-00059264-00059494 Afghanistan it was brought to the Indian
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00226-00059495-00059648 subcontinent during the mughal period
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00227-00059649-00060039 the falooda of Shiraz is famous
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00228-00060040-00060307 falooda is one of the earliest forms of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00229-00060308-00060523 frozen desserts having existed as early
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00230-00060524-00060898 as 400 BC ice was brought down from high
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00231-00060899-00061045 mountains and stored in tall
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00232-00061046-00061216 refrigerated buildings called the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00233-00061216-00061396 actuals which were kept cool by wind
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00234-00061397-00061604 catchers
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00235-00061605-00061860 there is also a drink called falooda but
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00236-00061861-00062191 it is made using other ingredients
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00237-00062191-00062835 Italy Italian ice cream or gelato as it
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00238-00062836-00063057 is known is a traditional and a popular
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00239-00063058-00063328 dessert in Italy much of the production
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00240-00063329-00063519 is still handmade and flavored by each
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00241-00063520-00063851 individual shop in produce E&E propria
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00242-00063852-00064153 Jalad arias gelato is made from whole
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00243-00064154-00064410 milk sugar sometimes eggs and natural
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00244-00064411-00064707 flavorings gelato typically contains
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00245-00064708-00064923 seven to eight percent fat less than ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00246-00064924-00065211 creams minimum of ten percent before the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00247-00065212-00065403 cone became popular for serving ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00248-00065404-00065571 cream in english-speaking countries
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00249-00065572-00065799 italian street vendors would serve the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00250-00065800-00066012 ice cream in a small glass dish referred
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00251-00066013-00066346 to as a penny lick or wrapped in waxed
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00252-00066347-00066488 paper and known as a hokey-pokey
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00253-00066489-00066723 possibly a corruption of the italian
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00254-00066724-00067179 echo UNPO coe here is a little some of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00255-00067180-00067368 the most known artisanal gelato machine
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00256-00067369-00067597 makers are Italian companies carpa
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00257-00067598-00067911 Gianni CRM town karema town Technogel
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00258-00067912-00068172 cata briga and high capacity industrial
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00259-00068173-00068424 plants made by cata 27 in kögel and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00260-00068425-00068641 Technos
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00261-00068642-00069238 Japan ice-cream is also a popular
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00262-00069239-00069472 dessert in Japan with almost two in five
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00263-00069473-00069655 adults eating some at least once a week
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00264-00069656-00070078 according to a 2007 survey since 1999
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00265-00070079-00070333 the Japanese icecream Association has
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00266-00070334-00070498 been publishing the ice cream white
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00267-00070499-00070693 paper once a year and the four most
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00268-00070694-00070933 popular ice cream flavors in Japan have
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00269-00070934-00071128 not changed including their order since
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00270-00071129-00071497 1999 according to the paper the top four
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00271-00071498-00071698 flavors are vanilla chocolate matcha
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00272-00071699-00071998 powdered green tea and strawberry other
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00273-00071999-00072235 notable popular flavors are milk caramel
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00274-00072236-00072502 and Azuki red bean also according to the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00275-00072503-00072808 paper the zookie is particularly favored
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00276-00072809-00073144 by people in their 50s and older
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00277-00073145-00073762 louse a typical variety is Laotian
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00278-00073763-00073962 vanilla ice cream made from pandan
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00279-00073963-00074392 Laotian vanilla
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00280-00074393-00074957 Norway it is known that the Italian
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00281-00074958-00075263 Giovanni's Azera made and sold ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00282-00075264-00075581 in Stavanger from 1910 he had been
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00283-00075582-00075767 living in Oslo for five years before
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00284-00075768-00075953 that and could therefore have sold ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00285-00075954-00076386 cream in Norway as early as 1905
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00286-00076387-00076990 Pakistan Pakistan has an ice cream brand
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00287-00076991-00077167 elmore a the products of which are
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00288-00077168-00077446 exported to Europe and America beside
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00289-00077447-00077653 this other large ice cream brands from
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00290-00077654-00077884 Pakistan including more ice cream and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00291-00077885-00078154 yummy these companies receive most of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00292-00078155-00078328 their profit from within the country
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00293-00078329-00078586 Pakistani Peschel re ice-cream is very
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00294-00078587-00078965 famous in South Asia and Middle East
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00295-00078966-00079241 the most popular flavors in Pakistan are
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00296-00079242-00079629 pista kulfi vanilla and chocolate
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00297-00079630-00080212 Philippines Sorby DS is a Philippine
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00298-00080213-00080422 version for common ice-cream usually
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00299-00080423-00080611 peddled from carts that roam streets in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00300-00080612-00080821 the Philippines this should not be
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00301-00080822-00081046 confused with the known sorbet it is
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00302-00081047-00081336 also commonly called dirty ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00303-00081337-00081568 because it is sold along the streets
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00304-00081569-00081756 exposing it to pollution and that the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00305-00081757-00081949 factory where it comes from is usually
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00306-00081950-00082228 unknown though it is not really dirty as
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00307-00082229-00082518 the name implies it is usually served
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00308-00082519-00082731 with small wafer or sugar cones and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00309-00082732-00083023 recently bread buns
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00310-00083024-00083638 Stane ice cream in the style of italian
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00311-00083639-00083872 gelato can be found in many cafes or
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00312-00083873-00084070 specialty ice cream stores throw how out
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00313-00084071-00084376 Spain usually the flavors reflect local
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00314-00084377-00084622 tastes like nada crema catalana or
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00315-00084623-00084856 tiramisu
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00316-00084857-00085114 there are also industrial producers like
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00317-00085115-00085348 frigo owned by Unilever kami later
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00318-00085349-00085582 merged into Nestle the V daisa Minh or
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00319-00085583-00085729 kina many of them are part of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00320-00085730-00086014 transnational groups the industrial
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00321-00086015-00086166 producers also serve ice-cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00322-00086167-00086416 sandwiches and polos ice cream on a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00323-00086417-00086473 stick
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00324-00086474-00086659 such as magnum sometimes with whimsical
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00325-00086660-00087045 shapes like the foot-shaped frigo pa
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00326-00087046-00087297 unlike in Northern Europe ice cream is
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00327-00087298-00087459 consumed mostly in summer
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00328-00087460-00087741 hence some ice cream stores become hot
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00329-00087742-00088055 chocolate cafes in winter
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00330-00088056-00088530 Syria buuza
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00331-00088531-00088818 al a scrim Walden in Arabic milk ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00332-00088819-00089274 cream also called Arabic ice cream is a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00333-00089275-00089550 mastic based ice cream it is elastic
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00334-00089551-00089754 sticky and resistant to melting in the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00335-00089755-00089952 hotter climates of the Arab world where
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00336-00089953-00090237 it is most commonly found
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00337-00090238-00090462 the ice-cream is usually and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00338-00090463-00090615 traditionally made with an ingredient
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00339-00090616-00090855 called solid solid or solid which
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00340-00090856-00091029 provides it with the ability to resist
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00341-00091030-00091296 melting Salif is also a primary
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00342-00091297-00091497 ingredient in the turkish version of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00343-00091498-00092041 this style of ice cream called don derma
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00344-00092042-00092418 Turkey
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00345-00092419-00092709 Don derma in Turkish Mars Donder masih
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00346-00092710-00092961 meaning the ice cream of the City of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00347-00092962-00093267 Morris also called dovid and Irma
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00348-00093268-00093618 meaning battered ice cream is a Turkish
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00349-00093619-00093846 mastic ice cream it is similar to the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00350-00093847-00094105 Syrian desert buuza
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00351-00094106-00094357 Daan derma typically includes the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00352-00094358-00094586 ingredients cream whipped cream Saloth
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00353-00094587-00094871 mastic and sugar it is believed to
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00354-00094872-00095054 originate from the city and region of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00355-00095055-00095263 Mars and hence also known as Mars ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00356-00095264-00095471 cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00357-00095472-00096102 United Kingdom in the United Kingdom 14
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00358-00096103-00096327 million adults buy ice-cream as a treat
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00359-00096328-00096597 in a market worth 1.3 billion pounds
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00360-00096598-00096768 according to a report produced in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00361-00096769-00097154 September 2009 a product may be sold as
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00362-00097155-00097515 icecream if it contains 5 percent fat
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00363-00097516-00097761 and not less than 2.5 percent milk
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00364-00097762-00097950 protein but may contain non milk
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00365-00097951-00098157 vegetable fats and oils usually
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00366-00098158-00098412 hydrogenated palm kernel oil a rule that
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00367-00098413-00098556 is more permissive than many other
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00368-00098557-00098853 countries only true ice-cream made only
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00369-00098854-00099018 with milk fats though not necessarily
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00370-00099019-00099258 cream can be described as dairy ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00371-00099259-00099459 cream and many companies make sure that
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00372-00099460-00099648 dairy is prominently displayed on their
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00373-00099649-00099954 packaging and advertising
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00374-00099955-00100569 United States in the United States ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00375-00100570-00100806 cream made with just cream sugar and a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00376-00100807-00101017 flavoring usually fruit it's sometimes
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00377-00101018-00101371 referred to as Philadelphia style ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00378-00101372-00101623 cream ice creams made with eggs usually
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00379-00101624-00101824 in the form of frozen custards are
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00380-00101825-00102186 sometimes called French ice creams or
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00381-00102187-00102424 traditional ice cream American federal
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00382-00102425-00102660 labeling standards require ice cream to
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00383-00102661-00102858 contain a minimum of 10 percent milk fat
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00384-00102859-00103284 about 7 grams G of fat for 1/2 cup 120
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00385-00103285-00103503 milliliters serving 20 percent total
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00386-00103504-00103726 milk solids by weight to weigh no less
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00387-00103727-00103999 than 4.5 pounds per gallon in order to
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00388-00104000-00104184 put a limit on replacing ingredients
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00389-00104185-00104422 with air and to contain less than 1.4
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00390-00104423-00104679 percent egg yolk salat federal
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00391-00104680-00104886 government regulations pertaining to the
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00392-00104888-00105106 process of making ice cream allowable
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00393-00105107-00105322 ingredients and standards may be found
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00394-00105323-00105664 in part 135 of title 21 of the Code of
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00395-00105665-00105895 Federal Regulations Americans consume
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00396-00105896-00106150 about 23 litres of ice cream per person
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00397-00106151-00106531 per year the most in the world as a
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00398-00106532-00106734 foodstuff it is deeply ingrained into
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00399-00106735-00106906 the American psyche and has been
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00400-00106907-00107113 available in America since its founding
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00401-00107114-00107391 in 1776 there are records of Thomas
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00402-00107392-00107602 Jefferson serving it as a venn expensive
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00403-00107603-00107731 treat to guests at his home in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00404-00107732-00108058 Monticello in American supermarkets it
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00405-00108058-00108244 is not uncommon for ice cream and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00406-00108245-00108441 related products to take up a wall full
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00407-00108442-00108721 of freezers all different kinds of ice
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00408-00108722-00108909 cream fill the walls with strawberry
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00409-00108910-00109278 chocolate vanilla among other flavors
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00410-00109279-00109504 although chocolate vanilla and
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00411-00109505-00109702 strawberry are the traditional favorite
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00412-00109703-00109900 flavors of ice cream and once enjoyed
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00413-00109901-00110133 roughly equal popularity vanilla has
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00414-00110134-00110347 grown to be the most popular most likely
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00415-00110348-00110503 because of its use as a topping for
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00416-00110504-00110719 fruit based pies and its use as the key
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00417-00110720-00110985 ingredient for milkshakes according to
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00418-00110986-00111222 the international ice cream association
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00419-00111223-00111520 1994 supermarket sales of ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00420-00111521-00111832 break down as follows vanilla 28% fruit
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00421-00111833-00112201 flavors 15% nut flavors 13.5 percent
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00422-00112202-00112479 candy mix in flavors 12.5 percent
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00423-00112480-00112894 chocolate 8% cake and cookie flavors 7.5
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00424-00112895-00113179 percent Neapolitan 7 percent and coffee
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00425-00113180-00113506 mocha 3 percent other flavors combined
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00426-00113507-00113818 to make 5.5 percent sales and ice-cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00427-00113819-00114058 parlors are more variable as new flavors
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00428-00114058-00114283 come and go but about 3 times as many
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00429-00114283-00114457 people call vanilla their favorite
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00430-00114458-00114986 compared to chocolate the runner-up
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00431-00114988-00115393 references
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00432-00115394-00115988 external links the history of ice cream
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00433-00115989-00116420 in Thailand largest ice cream saloon in
+ncBdvlM_0Zc-00434-00116421-00116675 Argentina
+ncSNrog-b4o-00000-00000016-00000271 it's 10 days until the end of 2021 and
+ncSNrog-b4o-00001-00000272-00000455 only four until christmas but that
+ncSNrog-b4o-00002-00000456-00000647 doesn't mean that the space industry is
+ncSNrog-b4o-00003-00000648-00000983 quietening down it is as busy as ever in
+ncSNrog-b4o-00004-00000984-00001150 today's show i'll be covering all the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00005-00001151-00001383 latest gossip from spacex in star base
+ncSNrog-b4o-00006-00001384-00001574 including a big landmark in booster
+ncSNrog-b4o-00007-00001575-00001759 recovery what's happening with boeing's
+ncSNrog-b4o-00008-00001760-00002079 starliner another srs today china's new
+ncSNrog-b4o-00009-00002080-00002279 moon rocket and all the launches in
+ncSNrog-b4o-00010-00002280-00002502 space traffic so stay tuned and this is
+ncSNrog-b4o-00011-00002503-00002655 your episode of tomorrow news which is
+ncSNrog-b4o-00012-00002656-00003351 for the week of december 21st 2021
+ncSNrog-b4o-00013-00003352-00003527 we're starting off this week's spacex
+ncSNrog-b4o-00014-00003528-00003719 update with some beautiful footage from
+ncSNrog-b4o-00015-00003720-00004015 ceo elon musk here you can see a test of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00016-00004015-00004199 the thrust vector control system with
+ncSNrog-b4o-00017-00004200-00004399 all nine raptor center engines on super
+ncSNrog-b4o-00018-00004400-00004679 heavy spinning 360 degrees before
+ncSNrog-b4o-00019-00004680-00004951 recentering which looks super cool that
+ncSNrog-b4o-00020-00004952-00005135 arrangement is not going to be lasting
+ncSNrog-b4o-00021-00005136-00005295 long however as according to elon the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00022-00005296-00005479 next booster will be equipped with 13
+ncSNrog-b4o-00023-00005480-00005735 steerable raptor 2 so the number of rvax
+ncSNrog-b4o-00024-00005736-00005975 on the ship is doubling to six for nine
+ncSNrog-b4o-00025-00005976-00006206 total engines a design closer to the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00026-00006207-00006527 original its ship eric x on twitter has
+ncSNrog-b4o-00027-00006528-00006719 responded to that news by creating this
+ncSNrog-b4o-00028-00006720-00006959 fantastic visualization of a nine engine
+ncSNrog-b4o-00029-00006959-00007175 ship which looks super cool make sure to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00030-00007176-00007319 follow them on twitter as they have a
+ncSNrog-b4o-00031-00007320-00007503 ton of realistic renders of what the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00032-00007504-00007742 future of the starship program could be
+ncSNrog-b4o-00033-00007743-00007951 the first half done for the new 33
+ncSNrog-b4o-00034-00007952-00008167 engine super heavy has also just been
+ncSNrog-b4o-00035-00008168-00008431 sleeved a while ago i covered falcon 9
+ncSNrog-b4o-00036-00008432-00008703 booster b1035 being rehomed to space
+ncSNrog-b4o-00037-00008704-00008887 center houston well another falcon
+ncSNrog-b4o-00038-00008888-00009063 booster is going to a museum with the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00039-00009064-00009255 kennedy space center visitor complex
+ncSNrog-b4o-00040-00009256-00009542 receiving b1023 this booster previously
+ncSNrog-b4o-00041-00009543-00009774 supported tycom8 as a falcon 9 booster
+ncSNrog-b4o-00042-00009775-00009999 and most famously the falcon heavy test
+ncSNrog-b4o-00043-00010000-00010255 flight as a side booster gateway the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00044-00010256-00010438 deep space launch complex is an exhibit
+ncSNrog-b4o-00045-00010439-00010678 opening in 2022 which will allow
+ncSNrog-b4o-00046-00010679-00010895 visitors to quote experience the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00047-00010896-00011127 interstellar travel of tomorrow while
+ncSNrog-b4o-00048-00011128-00011335 celebrating what is happening right now
+ncSNrog-b4o-00049-00011336-00011599 within our space program the concept art
+ncSNrog-b4o-00050-00011600-00011774 looks interesting and i can make out a
+ncSNrog-b4o-00051-00011775-00011999 starliner capsule and orion capture the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00052-00012000-00012231 model of sos as well as the massive
+ncSNrog-b4o-00053-00012232-00012527 booster suspended from the ceiling
+ncSNrog-b4o-00054-00012528-00012670 it isn't just the visitor complex
+ncSNrog-b4o-00055-00012671-00012838 getting in on the spacex action though
+ncSNrog-b4o-00056-00012839-00013015 is after elon and lance that work on the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00057-00013016-00013311 lc39a starship pad had resumed nasa
+ncSNrog-b4o-00058-00013312-00013503 revealed it would conduct environmental
+ncSNrog-b4o-00059-00013504-00013775 assessments at lc 49 to support starship
+ncSNrog-b4o-00060-00013776-00013958 launch any landing operations which is a
+ncSNrog-b4o-00061-00013959-00014186 location close to the original plans for
+ncSNrog-b4o-00062-00014187-00014566 lc39c and lc39d this is exciting for
+ncSNrog-b4o-00063-00014568-00014830 both launchpad fans and starship fans as
+ncSNrog-b4o-00064-00014831-00014983 who doesn't love a new launchpad and
+ncSNrog-b4o-00065-00014984-00015166 starship has five named possible
+ncSNrog-b4o-00066-00015168-00015399 launching locations being starbase lc
+ncSNrog-b4o-00067-00015400-00015799 39a lc49 phobos and demos moving down to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00068-00015800-00015975 starbase and the continuing development
+ncSNrog-b4o-00069-00015976-00016215 starship s21's main tank section has
+ncSNrog-b4o-00070-00016216-00016391 been rolled out of the mid bay and the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00071-00016392-00016575 nose cone section has been prepped for
+ncSNrog-b4o-00072-00016576-00016830 stacking as well interestingly a bit of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00073-00016831-00017007 the skin covering the inner workings of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00074-00017008-00017222 one of the flaps on sn15 has been
+ncSNrog-b4o-00075-00017223-00017399 removed and i can't figure out why
+ncSNrog-b4o-00076-00017400-00017558 they've done this maybe it's to look
+ncSNrog-b4o-00077-00017559-00017694 inside maybe they're going to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00078-00017695-00018007 disassemble sm15 only time will tell
+ncSNrog-b4o-00079-00018008-00018199 booster 4 has been undergoing some
+ncSNrog-b4o-00080-00018200-00018367 testing after it was lifted onto the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00081-00018368-00018567 ultra launch mount last week the biggest
+ncSNrog-b4o-00082-00018568-00018758 visual identification of this is the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00083-00018759-00018967 massive vapor clouds coming out from the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00084-00018968-00019199 stand every time i see some footage of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00085-00019200-00019358 the wide bay it feels like it's doubled
+ncSNrog-b4o-00086-00019359-00019519 in size and that's because it keeps
+ncSNrog-b4o-00087-00019520-00019719 growing day by day and probably a little
+ncSNrog-b4o-00088-00019720-00019919 bit faster now but spacex are installing
+ncSNrog-b4o-00089-00019920-00020150 some pre-fabricated parts there's also
+ncSNrog-b4o-00090-00020151-00020303 been some work done to the outside of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00091-00020304-00020503 the highway which nicely wraps up the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00092-00020504-00020719 starbase updates as always there's so
+ncSNrog-b4o-00093-00020720-00020894 much stuff happening down there we only
+ncSNrog-b4o-00094-00020895-00021103 have the time and mental capacity to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00095-00021104-00021286 scratch the surface of what's happening
+ncSNrog-b4o-00096-00021287-00021503 down at starbase on this show so if you
+ncSNrog-b4o-00097-00021504-00021694 want to do some further exploring all of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00098-00021695-00021935 our sources are linked below ever since
+ncSNrog-b4o-00099-00021936-00022094 the orbital flight test one mission
+ncSNrog-b4o-00100-00022095-00022294 boeing's star liner program just seems
+ncSNrog-b4o-00101-00022295-00022486 to have been plagued with issue after
+ncSNrog-b4o-00102-00022487-00022703 issue and delay after delay and to try
+ncSNrog-b4o-00103-00022704-00022903 and break the cycle nasa and boeing have
+ncSNrog-b4o-00104-00022904-00023119 announced that orbital flight test 2 or
+ncSNrog-b4o-00105-00023120-00023399 oft2 will go on to no earlier than may
+ncSNrog-b4o-00106-00023400-00023671 of 2022 the service module which was
+ncSNrog-b4o-00107-00023672-00023894 originally going to be used for oft2 is
+ncSNrog-b4o-00108-00023895-00024039 now being replaced with the service
+ncSNrog-b4o-00109-00024040-00024230 module which was designated for the crew
+ncSNrog-b4o-00110-00024231-00024439 flight test this now means that that
+ncSNrog-b4o-00111-00024440-00024622 mission will take the service module for
+ncSNrog-b4o-00112-00024623-00024839 starliner one basically all the service
+ncSNrog-b4o-00113-00024840-00025007 modules are moving down a mission
+ncSNrog-b4o-00114-00025008-00025158 according to boeing this new approach
+ncSNrog-b4o-00115-00025159-00025327 will allow a spring launch date and
+ncSNrog-b4o-00116-00025328-00025527 they're currently working with ula and
+ncSNrog-b4o-00117-00025528-00025702 the eastern range to sort out the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00118-00025704-00025974 proposed may launch date oft2 was
+ncSNrog-b4o-00119-00025975-00026118 originally meant to launch back in
+ncSNrog-b4o-00120-00026119-00026279 august but there's some valve problems
+ncSNrog-b4o-00121-00026280-00026502 cropped up when some in the propulsion
+ncSNrog-b4o-00122-00026504-00026735 system failed to open which can be found
+ncSNrog-b4o-00123-00026736-00026887 in the service module you can probably
+ncSNrog-b4o-00124-00026888-00027079 see where this is going boeing doesn't
+ncSNrog-b4o-00125-00027080-00027246 want more valve problems so they're just
+ncSNrog-b4o-00126-00027247-00027470 going to skip to the next service module
+ncSNrog-b4o-00127-00027472-00027646 a statement from john vollmer wrote
+ncSNrog-b4o-00128-00027647-00027814 based on the results to date we've
+ncSNrog-b4o-00129-00027816-00028062 decided to fly surface module 4 next and
+ncSNrog-b4o-00130-00028063-00028270 continue longer term tests with service
+ncSNrog-b4o-00131-00028272-00028527 module 2 hardware on the vehicle and in
+ncSNrog-b4o-00132-00028527-00028774 offline facilities according to engineer
+ncSNrog-b4o-00133-00028775-00028983 langley howe a senior space industry
+ncSNrog-b4o-00134-00028983-00029135 figure and long march launch vehicle
+ncSNrog-b4o-00135-00029136-00029374 designer in china the country's next big
+ncSNrog-b4o-00136-00029375-00029558 heavy lift rocket capable of sending
+ncSNrog-b4o-00137-00029560-00029751 titan orders to the moon could see its
+ncSNrog-b4o-00138-00029752-00030023 first flight in 2026. they also told
+ncSNrog-b4o-00139-00030024-00030255 cctv that they could be landing people
+ncSNrog-b4o-00140-00030256-00030543 on the moon before 2030 which is only
+ncSNrog-b4o-00141-00030544-00030783 nine years away these views pair up well
+ncSNrog-b4o-00142-00030783-00031023 with recent comments from yep jan who's
+ncSNrog-b4o-00143-00031024-00031239 a senior official within china's lunar
+ncSNrog-b4o-00144-00031239-00031487 programme the united states has luna
+ncSNrog-b4o-00145-00031488-00031646 program is currently experiencing
+ncSNrog-b4o-00146-00031647-00031862 another delay as the inaugural flight of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00147-00031863-00032039 the space launch system has been pushed
+ncSNrog-b4o-00148-00032039-00032302 back yet again nasa announced on
+ncSNrog-b4o-00149-00032303-00032535 december 17th that sls engineers have
+ncSNrog-b4o-00150-00032536-00032695 decided that they need to replace the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00151-00032695-00032911 controller for engine 4 on the core
+ncSNrog-b4o-00152-00032912-00033135 stage because one of two redundant
+ncSNrog-b4o-00153-00033136-00033327 channels in the controller failed to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00154-00033328-00033511 power up properly during tests at the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00155-00033512-00033687 kennedy space center they haven't
+ncSNrog-b4o-00156-00033688-00033855 released a schedule for the work taking
+ncSNrog-b4o-00157-00033856-00033990 place but they have ruled out the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00158-00033991-00034190 february launch window and march or
+ncSNrog-b4o-00159-00034191-00034431 april is now a more realistic time frame
+ncSNrog-b4o-00160-00034432-00034599 it isn't all bad news though as the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00161-00034600-00034743 upper part of the course stage for
+ncSNrog-b4o-00162-00034744-00034902 artemis ii has been assembled at the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00163-00034903-00035118 michoad assembly facility in new orleans
+ncSNrog-b4o-00164-00035119-00035327 louisiana so with all the new data
+ncSNrog-b4o-00165-00035328-00035487 you've received during this episode why
+ncSNrog-b4o-00166-00035488-00035639 not play around with everyone's favorite
+ncSNrog-b4o-00167-00035640-00035839 game what we'll launch first sls
+ncSNrog-b4o-00168-00035840-00036071 starship or starliner speaking of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00169-00036072-00036287 launchers it's time for space traffic
+ncSNrog-b4o-00170-00036288-00036471 quickly though before space traffic this
+ncSNrog-b4o-00171-00036472-00036711 is editing ryan here just as i finished
+ncSNrog-b4o-00172-00036712-00036943 recording nasa tweeted that james webb
+ncSNrog-b4o-00173-00036944-00037199 had been pushed by one day to december
+ncSNrog-b4o-00174-00037200-00037479 25th due to unfavorable weather so
+ncSNrog-b4o-00175-00037480-00037718 fingers crossed this day actually goes
+ncSNrog-b4o-00176-00037719-00037967 ahead okay then here's your traffic
+ncSNrog-b4o-00177-00037968-00038183 lifting off from site 95 at the jikwan
+ncSNrog-b4o-00178-00038184-00038399 space launch complex in china at o200
+ncSNrog-b4o-00179-00038400-00038599 coordinated universal time on december
+ncSNrog-b4o-00180-00038600-00038855 the 15th acquisition 1a was meant to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00181-00038856-00039167 take gsat 1a and 1b to an unknown low
+ncSNrog-b4o-00182-00039168-00039390 earth orbit but sadly the launch fails
+ncSNrog-b4o-00183-00039391-00039615 and the payload was lost the reason for
+ncSNrog-b4o-00184-00039616-00039807 the failure and even what it was has not
+ncSNrog-b4o-00185-00039808-00040030 yet been disclosed that also means that
+ncSNrog-b4o-00186-00040031-00040230 the picture on your screen right now is
+ncSNrog-b4o-00187-00040231-00040487 of a previous quasi launch
+ncSNrog-b4o-00188-00040488-00040630 next up is a launch with a happier
+ncSNrog-b4o-00189-00040631-00040902 outcome starting group 4-4 lifting off
+ncSNrog-b4o-00190-00040903-00041095 from space launch complex 4 east at
+ncSNrog-b4o-00191-00041096-00041255 vandenberg's baseball space in
+ncSNrog-b4o-00192-00041256-00041590 california at 1241 utc on december 18th
+ncSNrog-b4o-00193-00041591-00041743 the falcon 9 booster used for this
+ncSNrog-b4o-00194-00041744-00042023 mission b1051 set a record by becoming
+ncSNrog-b4o-00195-00042024-00042246 the first ever orbital class rocket
+ncSNrog-b4o-00196-00042247-00042543 booster to launch and land 11 times the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00197-00042544-00042711 launch profile for this mission really
+ncSNrog-b4o-00198-00042712-00042862 hugs the coastline meaning that the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00199-00042863-00043046 booster landed on of course i still love
+ncSNrog-b4o-00200-00043047-00043358 you 638 kilometers down range but just
+ncSNrog-b4o-00201-00043359-00043607 off the coast of baja california this
+ncSNrog-b4o-00202-00043608-00043807 landing marked the 98th successful
+ncSNrog-b4o-00203-00043808-00044046 landing of a falcon booster all 52
+ncSNrog-b4o-00204-00044047-00044215 satellites are currently on their way to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00205-00044216-00044543 a 540 kilometer below earth orbit
+ncSNrog-b4o-00206-00044544-00044767 b1051 has also returned to port with
+ncSNrog-b4o-00207-00044768-00044967 this picture being taken by jack buyer
+ncSNrog-b4o-00208-00044968-00045174 at the port of long beach the following
+ncSNrog-b4o-00209-00045175-00045543 day december 19th at o3 58 utc spacex
+ncSNrog-b4o-00210-00045544-00045743 had another launch but this time it was
+ncSNrog-b4o-00211-00045744-00046071 from slick 40 on the east coast b1067
+ncSNrog-b4o-00212-00046072-00046390 lifted off with the 4 500 kilogram turks
+ncSNrog-b4o-00213-00046391-00046671 at 5b on top and by doing so it set the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00214-00046672-00046846 record for the shortest time between
+ncSNrog-b4o-00215-00046847-00047118 spacex launches ever at just 15 hours
+ncSNrog-b4o-00216-00047119-00047390 and 17 minutes for the 99th time a
+ncSNrog-b4o-00217-00047391-00047630 falcon 9 booster successfully landed
+ncSNrog-b4o-00218-00047631-00047758 this time it was on a shortfall of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00219-00047759-00048143 gravitas about 620 kilometers downrange
+ncSNrog-b4o-00220-00048144-00048318 but of course this isn't just launches
+ncSNrog-b4o-00221-00048319-00048502 this is space traffic so we cover all
+ncSNrog-b4o-00222-00048503-00048727 the iss activity as well japanese
+ncSNrog-b4o-00223-00048728-00048927 billionaire yosuke maezawa his video
+ncSNrog-b4o-00224-00048928-00049127 producer jose hirano and commander
+ncSNrog-b4o-00225-00049128-00049343 alexander misurkin boarded the soyuz
+ncSNrog-b4o-00226-00049344-00049599 ms-20 spacecraft on december 19th and a
+ncSNrog-b4o-00227-00049600-00049871 couple of hours later at 2350 utc they
+ncSNrog-b4o-00228-00049872-00050055 undocked from the poisk module to begin
+ncSNrog-b4o-00229-00050056-00050246 their voyage back to earth because of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00230-00050247-00050439 bad weather at the landing site no video
+ncSNrog-b4o-00231-00050440-00050590 is available of the crew actually
+ncSNrog-b4o-00232-00050591-00050839 landing which occurred at 0313 utc the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00233-00050840-00051023 following day but we have got video of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00234-00051024-00051199 them being extracted from the soyuz
+ncSNrog-b4o-00235-00051200-00051382 vehicle this flight has come at the end
+ncSNrog-b4o-00236-00051383-00051575 of a year full of tourist space
+ncSNrog-b4o-00237-00051576-00051799 adventures including inspiration for
+ncSNrog-b4o-00238-00051800-00051942 virgin galactic's flight with sir
+ncSNrog-b4o-00239-00051944-00052142 richard branson and blue origins three
+ncSNrog-b4o-00240-00052144-00052366 flights here it is then everyone the big
+ncSNrog-b4o-00241-00052367-00052647 launch we've all been waiting for crs 24
+ncSNrog-b4o-00242-00052648-00052854 which lifted off at 1006 coordinated
+ncSNrog-b4o-00243-00052855-00053079 universal time on december 21st from
+ncSNrog-b4o-00244-00053079-00053311 historic launch complex 39a at the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00245-00053312-00053503 kennedy space center carrying dragon
+ncSNrog-b4o-00246-00053504-00053847 c208 as well as 3 000 kilograms of cargo
+ncSNrog-b4o-00247-00053848-00054038 up to the international space station
+ncSNrog-b4o-00248-00054039-00054223 but that is not the reason why this
+ncSNrog-b4o-00249-00054224-00054447 mission is so important approximately
+ncSNrog-b4o-00250-00054448-00054671 eight minutes after launch b1069
+ncSNrog-b4o-00251-00054672-00054815 descended towards just read the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00252-00054816-00055015 instructions and smoothly touched down
+ncSNrog-b4o-00253-00055016-00055303 marking the 100th successful landing of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00254-00055304-00055479 an orbital class booster on the
+ncSNrog-b4o-00255-00055479-00055711 anniversary of their first successful
+ncSNrog-b4o-00256-00055712-00055935 landing this is a brilliant way to round
+ncSNrog-b4o-00257-00055936-00056247 off 2021 for spacex marking their 31st
+ncSNrog-b4o-00258-00056248-00056503 flight of this year
+ncSNrog-b4o-00259-00056504-00056687 coming up over the next seven days we
+ncSNrog-b4o-00260-00056688-00057047 have in marsat i6f1 on h2a204 along
+ncSNrog-b4o-00261-00057048-00057271 march 7a the first test tonight of an
+ncSNrog-b4o-00262-00057272-00057503 angara a5 plc the james webb space
+ncSNrog-b4o-00263-00057504-00057759 telescope on an ariane 5 and then one
+ncSNrog-b4o-00264-00057760-00058784 web 12 on a soyuz 2.1 b3 damn
+ncSNrog-b4o-00265-00058785-00059135 [Music]
+ncSNrog-b4o-00266-00059136-00059311 before the end of the episode thank you
+ncSNrog-b4o-00267-00059312-00059454 to all the citizens of tomorrow for
+ncSNrog-b4o-00268-00059455-00059630 their continued support of the show
+ncSNrog-b4o-00269-00059632-00059887 their generosity is a big aid in keeping
+ncSNrog-b4o-00270-00059888-00060047 this show on the internet for you all
+ncSNrog-b4o-00271-00060048-00060159 and if you want to join the escape
+ncSNrog-b4o-00272-00060160-00060382 velocity orbital sub-orbital or ground
+ncSNrog-b4o-00273-00060383-00060542 support members and experience some of
+ncSNrog-b4o-00274-00060544-00060694 our perks for yourself which includes
+ncSNrog-b4o-00275-00060695-00060887 access to scripts whilst they're being
+ncSNrog-b4o-00276-00060888-00061103 written and access to the pre and post
+ncSNrog-b4o-00277-00061104-00061311 show tomorrow live broadcast said click
+ncSNrog-b4o-00278-00061312-00061494 the join button below or head over to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00279-00061495-00061759 youtube.com forward slash tmro forward
+ncSNrog-b4o-00280-00061760-00061919 slash join if you want to support
+ncSNrog-b4o-00281-00061920-00062038 tomorrow but you don't want to
+ncSNrog-b4o-00282-00062039-00062206 financially then just subscribing
+ncSNrog-b4o-00283-00062207-00062399 hitting the notification bell sharing
+ncSNrog-b4o-00284-00062400-00062630 our videos around that helps a huge deal
+ncSNrog-b4o-00285-00062632-00062871 and it also keeps the algorithm happy as
+ncSNrog-b4o-00286-00062872-00063063 always the sources for all our stories
+ncSNrog-b4o-00287-00063064-00063215 today can be found in the description
+ncSNrog-b4o-00288-00063216-00063447 below and we'll see you again soon thank
+ncSNrog-b4o-00289-00063448-00063867 you for watching and goodbye
+niroTUijHzQ-00000-00000239-00000539 yes
+niR9soeZj8M-00000-00000200-00000346 [Music]
+niR9soeZj8M-00001-00000347-00000617 my name is Shawn McGivern I am senior
+niR9soeZj8M-00002-00000618-00000802 director of cloud optimization services
+niR9soeZj8M-00003-00000803-00001025 for groupware technology in Campbell
+niR9soeZj8M-00004-00001026-00001404 California we try to help our customers
+niR9soeZj8M-00005-00001405-00001742 optimize their cloud environment such
+niR9soeZj8M-00006-00001743-00001964 that as they grow they can grow in a
+niR9soeZj8M-00007-00001964-00002222 controlled fashion and feel comfortable
+niR9soeZj8M-00008-00002223-00002452 about how they're spending their cloud
+niR9soeZj8M-00009-00002453-00002902 dollars groupware technology is a
+niR9soeZj8M-00010-00002903-00003182 reseller of cloud services and we needed
+niR9soeZj8M-00011-00003183-00003470 a partner generated billing platform to
+niR9soeZj8M-00012-00003471-00003731 allow us to do multi tenant partner
+niR9soeZj8M-00013-00003732-00004195 billing cloud health was on our radar we
+niR9soeZj8M-00014-00004196-00004406 were with a competitor of cloud health a
+niR9soeZj8M-00015-00004407-00004694 year ago and determined that it wasn't
+niR9soeZj8M-00016-00004695-00004970 servicing our needs well enough so we
+niR9soeZj8M-00017-00004971-00005131 switched over to cloud health and now
+niR9soeZj8M-00018-00005132-00005309 our entire book of business is running
+niR9soeZj8M-00019-00005310-00005561 on cloud health in addition to the
+niR9soeZj8M-00020-00005562-00005825 partner generated billing we also needed
+niR9soeZj8M-00021-00005826-00006034 a platform which would allow us to layer
+niR9soeZj8M-00022-00006035-00006302 services on top so from a feature
+niR9soeZj8M-00023-00006303-00006563 function standpoint for our customers
+niR9soeZj8M-00024-00006564-00006839 cloud health was hands down the best
+niR9soeZj8M-00025-00006840-00007228 platform that we could find
+niR9soeZj8M-00026-00007229-00007486 the value we get from cloud health goes
+niR9soeZj8M-00027-00007487-00007708 far beyond the feature function of the
+niR9soeZj8M-00028-00007709-00007876 product the feature function is
+niR9soeZj8M-00029-00007877-00008086 excellent and as with the forest or
+niR9soeZj8M-00030-00008087-00008148 report
+niR9soeZj8M-00031-00008150-00008418 it's a leet in industry leader however
+niR9soeZj8M-00032-00008419-00008659 we have a great relationship with our
+niR9soeZj8M-00033-00008660-00008869 Technical Account Manager and that
+niR9soeZj8M-00034-00008870-00009187 relationship gives us not only the
+niR9soeZj8M-00035-00009188-00009391 ability to learn more about the cloud
+niR9soeZj8M-00036-00009392-00009763 health features functions capabilities
+niR9soeZj8M-00037-00009764-00010213 but also he gives us a ton of industry
+niR9soeZj8M-00038-00010214-00010546 knowledge on the background for how to
+niR9soeZj8M-00039-00010547-00010876 do Amazon reserved instances how to
+niR9soeZj8M-00040-00010877-00011155 handle convertible our eyes things like
+niR9soeZj8M-00041-00011156-00011428 that so it's not just the product it's
+niR9soeZj8M-00042-00011429-00011734 also the expertise that we get and we
+niR9soeZj8M-00043-00011735-00011971 get to pass on to our customers from our
+niR9soeZj8M-00044-00011972-00012352 technical team at Clement the most
+niR9soeZj8M-00045-00012353-00012601 valuable features of cloud health for us
+niR9soeZj8M-00046-00012602-00012793 obviously it starts with the reporting
+niR9soeZj8M-00047-00012794-00013006 capabilities without the reporting you
+niR9soeZj8M-00048-00013007-00013168 can't do anything so obviously the
+niR9soeZj8M-00049-00013169-00013381 reporting and the secret sauce of
+niR9soeZj8M-00050-00013382-00013603 perspectives perspectives are fantastic
+niR9soeZj8M-00051-00013604-00013852 but when we really get into helping our
+niR9soeZj8M-00052-00013853-00014158 customers to manage their environment is
+niR9soeZj8M-00053-00014159-00014335 really when we get into the policies
+niR9soeZj8M-00054-00014336-00014557 where we're alerting them to things they
+niR9soeZj8M-00055-00014558-00014731 don't even know about and we're learning
+niR9soeZj8M-00056-00014732-00015115 as quickly as possible and everything to
+niR9soeZj8M-00057-00015116-00015366 do with the recommendation engine when
+niR9soeZj8M-00058-00015368-00015586 it comes to reservations most of our
+niR9soeZj8M-00059-00015587-00015871 customers are AWS customers and when it
+niR9soeZj8M-00060-00015872-00016081 comes to reservations we would be lost
+niR9soeZj8M-00061-00016082-00016393 without the reservation recommendation
+niR9soeZj8M-00062-00016394-00016714 engine that that cloud elf has very
+niR9soeZj8M-00063-00016715-00017043 specifically the convertible RI
+niR9soeZj8M-00064-00017044-00017350 exchanger is a game changer for us we
+niR9soeZj8M-00065-00017351-00017539 are now able to help our customers
+niR9soeZj8M-00066-00017540-00017872 navigate what would take spreadsheets
+niR9soeZj8M-00067-00017873-00018100 and spreadsheets of data to figure out
+niR9soeZj8M-00068-00018101-00018325 on our own and the tool does it for us
+niR9soeZj8M-00069-00018326-00018532 and allows us to optimize their
+niR9soeZj8M-00070-00018533-00019270 convertible our eyes real
+niR9soeZj8M-00071-00019271-00019345 you
+niR9soeZj8M-00072-00019346-00019664 [Music]
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00000-00000055-00000366 a Doppler radar as a specialized radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00001-00000367-00000588 that uses the Doppler effect to produce
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00002-00000589-00000819 velocity data about objects at a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00003-00000821-00001156 distance it does this by bouncing a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00004-00001157-00001431 microwave signal of a desired target and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00005-00001432-00001678 analyzing how the object's motion has
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00006-00001679-00001864 altered the frequency of the returned
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00007-00001864-00002242 signal this variation gives direct and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00008-00002243-00002425 highly accurate measurements of the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00009-00002426-00002677 radial component of a targets velocity
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00010-00002678-00003025 relative to the radar Doppler radars are
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00011-00003026-00003295 used in aviation sounding satellites
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00012-00003296-00003629 Major League Baseball's statcast system
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00013-00003630-00003988 meteorology radar guns radiology and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00014-00003989-00004222 healthcare fall detection and risk
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00015-00004223-00004513 assessment nursing or clinic purpose and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00016-00004514-00004884 be static radar surface-to-air missiles
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00017-00004885-00005132 partly because of its common use by
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00018-00005133-00005406 television meteorologists in on-air
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00019-00005407-00005652 weather reporting the specific term
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00020-00005653-00006034 doppler radar has erroneously become
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00021-00006035-00006264 popularly synonymous with the type of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00022-00006265-00006648 radar used in meteorology most modern
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00023-00006650-00006870 weather radars use the pulse Doppler
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00024-00006871-00007070 technique to examine the motion of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00025-00007071-00007320 precipitation but it is only a part of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00026-00007321-00007648 the processing of their data so while
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00027-00007648-00007884 these radars use a highly specialized
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00028-00007886-00008145 form of Doppler radar the term is much
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00029-00008146-00008313 broader in its meaning and its
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00030-00008314-00008510 applications
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00031-00008511-00008942 you
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00032-00008943-00009523 topic concept
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00033-00009524-00009860 you
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00034-00009861-00010439 topic Doppler effect
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00035-00010440-00010710 the Doppler effect or Doppler shift
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00036-00010711-00010926 named after Austrian physicist
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00037-00010927-00011145 Christiaan doppler who proposed it in
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00038-00011146-00011430 1842 is the difference between the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00039-00011431-00011621 observed frequency and the emitted
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00040-00011622-00011826 frequency of a wave for an observer
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00041-00011827-00012024 moving relative to the source of the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00042-00012025-00012087 waves
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00043-00012088-00012371 it is commonly heard when a vehicle
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00044-00012372-00012651 sounding a siren approaches passes and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00045-00012652-00012944 recedes from an observer the received
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00046-00012945-00013166 frequency is higher compared to the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00047-00013168-00013433 emitted frequency during the approach it
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00048-00013434-00013674 is identical at the instant of passing
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00049-00013675-00013853 by and it is lowered during the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00050-00013854-00014193 recession this variation of frequency
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00051-00014194-00014427 also depends on the direction the wave
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00052-00014428-00014628 source is moving with respect to the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00053-00014629-00014868 observer it is maximum when the source
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00054-00014869-00015105 is moving directly toward or away from
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00055-00015106-00015269 the observer and diminishes with
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00056-00015270-00015453 increasing angle between the direction
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00057-00015454-00015690 of motion and the direction of the waves
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00058-00015691-00015897 until when the source is moving at
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00059-00015897-00016119 bright angles to the observer there is
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00060-00016119-00016316 no shift
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00061-00016316-00016562 imagine a baseball pitcher throwing one
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00062-00016563-00016778 ball every second to a catcher a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00063-00016779-00017062 frequency of one ball per second
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00064-00017063-00017333 assuming the balls travel at a constant
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00065-00017334-00017569 velocity and the pitcher is stationary
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00066-00017570-00017810 the catcher catches one ball every
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00067-00017811-00018169 second however if the pitcher is jogging
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00068-00018170-00018389 towards the catcher the catcher catches
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00069-00018390-00018619 balls more frequently because the balls
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00070-00018620-00018836 are less spaced out the frequency
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00071-00018837-00019166 increases the inverse is true if the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00072-00019167-00019378 pitcher is moving away from the catcher
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00073-00019379-00019640 the catcher catches balls less
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00074-00019641-00019822 frequently because of the pitchers
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00075-00019823-00020057 backward motion the frequency decreases
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00076-00020058-00020429 if the pitcher moves at an angle but at
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00077-00020430-00020696 the same speed the frequency variation
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00078-00020697-00020918 at which the receiver catches balls as
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00079-00020919-00021134 less as the distance between the two
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00080-00021135-00021488 changes more slowly from the point of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00081-00021489-00021686 view of the pitcher the frequency
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00082-00021687-00021908 remains constant whether he's throwing
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00083-00021909-00022274 balls are transmitting microwaves since
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00084-00022275-00022505 with electromagnetic radiation like
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00085-00022506-00022787 microwaves are with sound frequency is
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00086-00022788-00023033 inversely proportional to wavelength the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00087-00023034-00023287 wavelength of the waves is also affected
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00088-00023288-00023618 thus the relative difference in velocity
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00089-00023619-00023840 between a source and an observer as what
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00090-00023841-00024134 gives rise to the Doppler effect
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00091-00024135-00024541 you
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00092-00024542-00025173 topic frequency variation
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00093-00025174-00025458 the formula for radar Doppler shift is
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00094-00025459-00025677 the same as that for reflection of light
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00095-00025677-00025974 by a moving mirror there is no need to
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00096-00025975-00026172 invoke Einstein's theory of special
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00097-00026173-00026477 relativity because all observations are
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00098-00026479-00026789 made in the same frame of reference the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00099-00026791-00027024 result derived with C as the speed of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00100-00027025-00027270 light and V as the target velocity gives
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00101-00027270-00027506 the shifted frequency
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00102-00027507-00028162 F our display style F underscore R as a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00103-00028163-00028864 function of the original frequency F T
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00104-00028864-00029572 display style F underscore t F
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00105-00029573-00030095 equals F T
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00106-00030095-00030249 one
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00107-00030250-00031617 Plus V c1 minus v/c display style F
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00108-00031618-00032027 underscore R equals F underscore t left
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00109-00032029-00032652 frac 1 plus V C 1 V C right which
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00110-00032652-00032871 simplifies to
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00111-00032872-00033212 f
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00112-00033213-00033359 equals
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00113-00033360-00034862 f T C + V CE minus V display style F
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00114-00034863-00035276 underscore R equals F underscore t left
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00115-00035277-00035366 frak
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00116-00035367-00036065 C + V CV right the beat frequency Doppel
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00117-00036066-00036323 our frequency
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00118-00036324-00037233 F D display style F underscore D is thus
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00119-00037234-00037544 F D
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00120-00037545-00037734 equals
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00121-00037735-00038900 f R - F T equals two
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00122-00038901-00039185 Vee
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00123-00039186-00040194 t C minus V display style F underscore D
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00124-00040195-00040611 equals F underscore R F underscore t
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00125-00040612-00041283 equals to V frac f underscore t cv since
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00126-00041284-00041783 for most practical applications of radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00127-00041784-00043193 v/c display style v LLC so C minus v/c
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00128-00043194-00043641 display style left cv right right arrow
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00129-00043642-00044030 C we can then right
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00130-00044031-00045415 F D approximately equals to V F T C
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00131-00045416-00045742 display style F underscore D
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00132-00045743-00046163 approximately to V frac f underscore t
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00133-00046164-00046641 see
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00134-00046642-00047196 topic technology
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00135-00047197-00047436 there are four ways of producing the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00136-00047437-00047883 Doppler effect radars may be coherent
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00137-00047884-00048465 pulsed CP pulse doppler radar continuous
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00138-00048466-00048749 wave CW or
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00139-00048750-00049113 frequency modulation FM Doppler allows
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00140-00049114-00049374 the use of narrowband receiver filters
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00141-00049375-00049605 that reduce or eliminate signals from
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00142-00049606-00049974 slow-moving and stationary objects this
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00143-00049975-00050217 effectively eliminates false signals
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00144-00050218-00050592 produced by trees clouds insects birds
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00145-00050593-00050957 wind and other environmental influences
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00146-00050958-00051273 cheap handheld Doppler radar may produce
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00147-00051274-00051752 erroneous measurements CW Doppler radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00148-00051753-00051992 only provides a velocity output as the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00149-00051994-00052194 received signal from the target as
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00150-00052195-00052428 compared in frequency with the original
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00151-00052429-00052857 signal early Doppler radars included CW
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00152-00052858-00053054 but these quickly led to the development
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00153-00053055-00053364 of frequency modulated continuous wave
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00154-00053365-00053757 FM CW radar which sweeps the transmitter
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00155-00053758-00054074 frequency to encode and determine range
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00156-00054075-00054363 with the advent of digital techniques
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00157-00054364-00054708 pulse doppler radar s PD became light
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00158-00054709-00054945 enough for aircraft use and Doppler
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00159-00054946-00055182 processors for coherent pulse radars
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00160-00055183-00055479 became more common that provides
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00161-00055479-00055794 lookdown shoot-down capability the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00162-00055795-00055983 advantage of combining Doppler
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00163-00055984-00056208 processing with pulse radars is to
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00164-00056209-00056467 provide accurate velocity information
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00165-00056469-00056844 this velocity is called range rate it
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00166-00056845-00057072 describes the rate that a target moves
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00167-00057073-00057411 toward or away from the radar a target
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00168-00057412-00057669 with no range rate reflects a frequency
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00169-00057670-00057870 near the transmitter frequency and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00170-00057871-00058266 cannot be detected the classic $0.00
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00171-00058266-00058482 target as one which is on a heading that
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00172-00058483-00058807 is tangential to the radar antenna beam
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00173-00058808-00059117 basically any target that is heading 90
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00174-00059119-00059342 degrees in relation to the antenna beam
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00175-00059344-00059642 cannot be detected by its velocity only
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00176-00059644-00060017 by its conventional reflectivity ultra
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00177-00060019-00060186 wideband waveforms have been
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00178-00060187-00060444 investigated by the US Army Research
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00179-00060445-00060589 Laboratory a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00180-00060590-00060841 l as a potential approach to Doppler
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00181-00060841-00061084 processing due to its low average power
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00182-00061085-00061399 high resolution and object penetrating
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00183-00061400-00061680 ability while investigating the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00184-00061682-00061954 feasibility of whether UWB radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00185-00061954-00062185 technology can incorporate Doppler
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00186-00062186-00062430 processing to estimate the velocity of a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00187-00062432-00062632 moving target when the platform is
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00188-00062633-00063022 stationary a 2013 ARL report highlighted
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00189-00063023-00063339 issues related to target range migration
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00190-00063340-00063640 however researchers have suggested that
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00191-00063641-00063862 these issues can be alleviated if the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00192-00063863-00064069 correct matched filter is used in
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00193-00064070-00064333 military airborne applications the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00194-00064334-00064653 Doppler effect has two main advantages
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00195-00064654-00064990 firstly the radar is more robust against
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00196-00064991-00065263 countermeasure return signals from
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00197-00065264-00065515 weather terrain and countermeasures like
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00198-00065516-00065758 chaff are filtered out before detection
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00199-00065759-00066007 which reduces computer and operator
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00200-00066008-00066382 loading in hostile environments secondly
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00201-00066383-00066673 against a low altitude target filtering
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00202-00066674-00066895 on the radial speed as a very effective
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00203-00066896-00067120 way to eliminate the ground clutter that
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00204-00067121-00067456 always has a null speed low-flying
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00205-00067457-00067702 military plane with countermeasure alert
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00206-00067703-00067966 for hostile radar track acquisition can
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00207-00067967-00068191 turn perpendicular to the hostile radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00208-00068192-00068455 to nullify its Doppler frequency which
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00209-00068456-00068683 usually breaks the lock and drives the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00210-00068684-00068902 radar off by hiding against the ground
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00211-00068903-00069238 return which is much larger
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00212-00069239-00069616 you
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00213-00069617-00070162 topic history
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00214-00070163-00070401 Doppler radar tends to be lightweight
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00215-00070402-00070624 because it eliminates heavy pulse
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00216-00070625-00070938 hardware the associated filtering
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00217-00070939-00071155 removes stationary reflections while
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00218-00071156-00071394 integrating signals over a longer time
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00219-00071395-00071613 span which improves range performance
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00220-00071614-00071968 while reducing power the military
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00221-00071969-00072180 applied these advantages during the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00222-00072181-00072389 1940s
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00223-00072390-00072761 continuous broadcast or FM radar was
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00224-00072762-00072950 developed during World War two for
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00225-00072951-00073244 United States Navy aircraft to support
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00226-00073245-00073703 night combat operation most used the UHF
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00227-00073704-00073940 spectrum and had a transmit yagi antenna
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00228-00073941-00074201 on the port wing and a receiver yagi
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00229-00074202-00074476 antenna on the starboard wing this
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00230-00074477-00074726 enabled bombers to fly an optimum speed
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00231-00074727-00074993 when approaching ship targets and led
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00232-00074994-00075254 escort fighter aircraft trained guns on
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00233-00075255-00075520 enemy aircraft during night operation
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00234-00075521-00075794 these strategies were adapted to
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00235-00075795-00076199 semi-active radar homing modern Doppler
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00236-00076200-00076388 systems are light enough for mobile
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00237-00076389-00076601 ground surveillance associated with
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00238-00076602-00076949 infantry and surface ships these detect
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00239-00076950-00077189 motion from vehicles and personnel for
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00240-00077190-00077464 night and all-weather combat operation
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00241-00077465-00077780 modern police radar are a smaller more
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00242-00077781-00078041 portable version of these systems early
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00243-00078042-00078278 doppler radar sets relied on large
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00244-00078279-00078509 analog filters to achieve acceptable
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00245-00078510-00078938 performance analog filters waveguide and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00246-00078939-00079178 amplifiers pick up vibration like
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00247-00079179-00079475 microphones so bulky vibration damping
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00248-00079476-00079810 is required that extra weight imposed
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00249-00079811-00080044 unacceptable kinematic performance
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00250-00080045-00080297 limitations that restricted aircraft use
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00251-00080298-00080549 tonight operation heavy weather and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00252-00080550-00080774 heavy jamming environments until the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00253-00080775-00081338 1970s digital fast Fourier transform fft
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00254-00081339-00081601 filtering became practical when modern
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00255-00081602-00081844 microprocessors became available during
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00256-00081845-00082253 the 1970s this was immediately connected
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00257-00082254-00082553 to coherent pulsed radars where velocity
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00258-00082554-00082880 information was extracted this proved
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00259-00082881-00083101 useful in both weather and air traffic
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00260-00083102-00083453 control radars the velocity information
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00261-00083454-00083669 provided another input to the software
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00262-00083670-00083971 tracker and improved computer tracking
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00263-00083972-00084188 because of the low pulse repetition
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00264-00084189-00084593 frequency PRF of most coherent pulsed
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00265-00084594-00084869 radars which maximizes the coverage in
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00266-00084870-00085130 range the amount of doppler processing
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00267-00085131-00085448 is limited the doppler processor can
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00268-00085449-00085706 only process velocities up to plus or
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00269-00085707-00085757 minus
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00270-00085758-00086105 one half the prf of the radar this is
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00271-00086106-00086338 not a problem for weather radars
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00272-00086339-00086648 velocity information for aircraft cannot
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00273-00086649-00086978 be extracted directly from low PRF radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00274-00086979-00087203 because sampling restricts measurements
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00275-00087204-00087653 to about 75 miles per hour specialised
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00276-00087654-00087878 radars quickly were developed when
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00277-00087879-00088091 digital techniques became lightweight
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00278-00088092-00088391 and more affordable pulse-doppler radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00279-00088392-00088664 combined all the benefits of long range
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00280-00088665-00088991 and high velocity capability pulse
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00281-00088992-00089234 doppler radar is use a medium to high
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00282-00089235-00089486 PRF on the order of three to thirty
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00283-00089487-00089738 kilohertz which allows for the detection
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00284-00089739-00089960 of either high speed targets or high
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00285-00089961-00090229 resolution velocity measurements
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00286-00090230-00090461 normally it is one or the other
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00287-00090462-00090713 a radar designed for detecting targets
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00288-00090714-00090935 from zero to Mach two does not have a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00289-00090936-00091205 high resolution in speed while a radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00290-00091206-00091439 designed for high resolution velocity
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00291-00091440-00091610 measurements does not have a wide range
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00292-00091611-00091955 of speeds weather radars are high
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00293-00091956-00092228 resolution velocity radars while air
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00294-00092229-00092450 defense radars have a large range of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00295-00092451-00092714 velocity detection but the accuracy in
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00296-00092715-00093035 velocity is in the tens of knots
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00297-00093036-00093428 antenna designs for the CW and FM CW
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00298-00093429-00093656 started out as separate transmit and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00299-00093657-00093881 receive antennas before the advent of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00300-00093882-00094231 affordable microwave designs in the late
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00301-00094232-00094576 1960s traffic radars began being
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00302-00094577-00094825 produced which used a single antenna
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00303-00094826-00095105 this was made possible by the use of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00304-00095106-00095393 circular polarization and a multi-port
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00305-00095394-00095776 waveguide section operating at expand by
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00306-00095777-00096091 the late 1970s this changed to linear
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00307-00096092-00096305 polarization and the use of ferrite
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00308-00096306-00096719 circulators at both x and k bands pd
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00309-00096720-00097037 radars operate at too high a PRF to use
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00310-00097038-00097310 a transmit receive gas-filled switch and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00311-00097311-00097562 most use solid-state devices to protect
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00312-00097563-00097819 the receiver low noise amplifier when
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00313-00097820-00098124 the transmitter is fired
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00314-00098125-00098471 you
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00315-00098472-00099077 topic doppler navigation
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00316-00099078-00099409 you
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00317-00099410-00100001 topic wind speed correction
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00318-00100002-00100253 Doppler radars were used as a navigation
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00319-00100254-00100637 aid for aircraft and spacecraft by
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00320-00100638-00100832 directly measuring the movement of the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00321-00100833-00101066 ground with the radar and then comparing
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00322-00101067-00101255 this to the airspeed returned from the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00323-00101256-00101482 aircraft instruments the wind speed
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00324-00101483-00101684 could be accurately determined for the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00325-00101685-00102019 first time this value was then used for
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00326-00102020-00102317 highly accurate dead reckoning one early
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00327-00102318-00102556 example of such a system was the green
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00328-00102557-00102824 satin radar used in the English Electric
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00329-00102825-00103132 Canberra this system sent a pulsed
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00330-00103133-00103397 signal at a very low repetition rate so
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00331-00103398-00103582 it could use a single antenna to
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00332-00103583-00103936 transmit and receive an oscillator held
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00333-00103938-00104171 the reference frequency for comparison
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00334-00104172-00104516 to the received signal in practice the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00335-00104517-00104908 initial fix was taken using a radio
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00336-00104909-00105200 navigation system normally G and the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00337-00105201-00105400 green Sat and then provided accurate
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00338-00105401-00105788 long-distance navigation beyond G's 350
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00339-00105789-00106148 mile range similar systems were used in
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00340-00106149-00106382 a number of aircraft of the era and were
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00341-00106383-00106607 combined with the main search radars of
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00342-00106608-00107033 fighter designs by the 1960s doppler
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00343-00107033-00107260 navigation was in common commercial
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00344-00107261-00107579 aviation use in the 1960s until it was
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00345-00107580-00107804 largely superseded by inertial
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00346-00107805-00108119 navigation systems the equipment
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00347-00108120-00108398 consisted of a transmitter receiver unit
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00348-00108399-00108707 a processing unit and a gyro-stabilized
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00349-00108708-00109058 antenna platform the antenna generated
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00350-00109058-00109301 for beams and was rotated by a servo
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00351-00109302-00109534 mechanism to align with the aircraft's
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00352-00109535-00109735 track by equalizing the Doppler shift
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00353-00109736-00110044 from the left and right hand antennas a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00354-00110045-00110329 synchro transmitted the platform angle
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00355-00110330-00110536 to the flight deck thus providing a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00356-00110538-00110860 measure of drift angle the ground speed
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00357-00110861-00111029 was determined from the Doppler shift
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00358-00111030-00111336 between the forward and aft facing beams
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00359-00111338-00111608 these were displayed on the flight deck
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00360-00111608-00111858 on single instrument
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00361-00111858-00112139 some aircraft had an additional Doppler
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00362-00112140-00112407 computer this was a mechanical device
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00363-00112408-00112668 containing a steel ball rotated by a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00364-00112669-00112874 motor whose speed was controlled by the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00365-00112875-00113183 Doppler determined ground speed the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00366-00113184-00113408 angle of this motor was controlled by
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00367-00113409-00113832 the drift angle to fixed wheels one fore
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00368-00113833-00114104 and aft the other left to right drove
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00369-00114105-00114353 counters to output distance along track
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00370-00114354-00114635 and a cross track difference the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00371-00114636-00114866 aircraft's compass was integrated into
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00372-00114867-00115091 the computer so that a desired track
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00373-00115092-00115334 could be set between two waypoints on an
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00374-00115335-00115658 over water Great Circle Route it may
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00375-00115659-00115983 seem surprising to 21st century readers
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00376-00115983-00116223 but it actually worked rather well and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00377-00116224-00116465 was great improvement over other dead
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00378-00116466-00116708 reckoning methods available at the time
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00379-00116708-00117033 it was generally backed up with position
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00380-00117033-00117278 fixes from Loren or as a last resort
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00381-00117279-00117645 sextant and chronometer it was possible
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00382-00117646-00117866 to cross the Atlantic with an error of a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00383-00117867-00118071 couple of miles when in range of a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00384-00118072-00118393 couple of vor s rnd bees
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00385-00118394-00118659 it's major shortcoming in practice was
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00386-00118660-00118918 the sea state as a calm sea gave poor
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00387-00118919-00119158 radar returns and hence unreliable
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00388-00119158-00119436 Doppler measurements but this was
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00389-00119438-00120036 infrequent on the North Atlantic
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00390-00120038-00120670 topic locusts based navigation
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00391-00120671-00120934 location-based Doppler techniques were
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00392-00120935-00121208 also used in the US Navy's historical
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00393-00121208-00121483 transit satellite navigation system with
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00394-00121484-00121703 satellite transmitters and ground-based
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00395-00121704-00121955 receivers and are currently used in the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00396-00121956-00122183 civilian Argus system which uses
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00397-00122183-00122405 satellite receivers and ground-based
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00398-00122406-00122768 transmitters in these cases the ground
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00399-00122769-00122966 stations are either stationary or
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00400-00122967-00123230 slow-moving and the Doppler offset being
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00401-00123231-00123413 measured as caused by the relative
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00402-00123414-00123626 motion between the ground station and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00403-00123627-00123890 the fast-moving satellite the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00404-00123891-00124115 combination of Doppler offset and
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00405-00124116-00124336 reception time can be used to generate a
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00406-00124338-00124556 locus of locations that would have the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00407-00124557-00124772 measured offset at that intersects the
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00408-00124773-00124967 Earth's surface at that moment by
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00409-00124968-00125180 combining this with other low sigh from
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00410-00125181-00125399 measurements at other times the true
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00411-00125400-00125606 location of the ground station can be
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00412-00125607-00126276 determined accurately
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00413-00126277-00126640 topic see also
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00414-00126641-00126857 you
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00415-00126858-00127372 radar gun continuous-wave radar
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00416-00127373-00127772 semi-active radar homing termite
+nkuUa6vpD9Q-00417-00127773-00128096 detection system
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00000-00000003-00000380 hey guys I'm just recording this on my
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00001-00000381-00000605 actual implant on my arm just got out of
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00002-00000606-00000952 the surgery room guys and boy oh boy is
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00003-00000953-00001319 this epic this is amazing and I'll send
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00004-00001320-00001462 you back at the beginning where you can
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00005-00001463-00001798 actually see what actually happened I
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00006-00001798-00002216 this is epic this is amazing my goodness
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00007-00002217-00002612 guys hey you guys I just just got out of
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00008-00002613-00002813 bed right now I'm wearing I'm wearing
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00009-00002814-00003058 the special clothes you know I got the I
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00010-00003059-00003260 got the beats I got the air pods in I
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00011-00003261-00003613 got my cool shades Lincoln bio obviously
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00012-00003614-00003838 you know gotta spread the merchandise
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00013-00003839-00004166 you know so I'm just about to head out
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00014-00004167-00004361 to go to the surgery it's gonna be a
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00015-00004362-00004586 very long surgery so I'll see you when I
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00016-00004587-00004751 get there you know it's gonna be pretty
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00017-00004752-00005161 epic hey guys we are in the surgery room
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00018-00005162-00005411 this is so cool guys watch this I'm
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00019-00005412-00005618 gonna show you I'm gonna show you I'm
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00020-00005619-00005743 gonna show you what I'm putting on my
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00021-00005744-00006004 arm this is so cool dude so this it's
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00022-00006005-00006259 it's a beautiful sound some s9 watch
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00023-00006260-00006685 there's cool shots right here
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00024-00006686-00006912 guys
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00025-00006913-00007170 all right so I'm putting that on my arm
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00026-00007170-00007514 with this incredible tape it's white
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00027-00007515-00007949 because it's white and it's it's it's
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00028-00007950-00008120 what it's good to be able to do it's
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00029-00008122-00008253 gonna be so handy it's gonna be right on
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00030-00008254-00008445 my arm okay it's gonna be right here
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00031-00008446-00008817 right here on my arm right here you see
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00032-00008818-00008970 that is it gonna be
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00033-00008971-00009270 right right right there you know it's
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00034-00009271-00009381 kind of hard with one hand it's gonna be
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00035-00009382-00009567 like this see exactly I can't even do it
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00036-00009568-00009873 this is this is so helpful but all I
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00037-00009874-00010098 have to do when it's on our arm I just
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00038-00010099-00010293 gotta I have to gotta go like this and
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00039-00010294-00010479 then I gotta click this button and I got
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00040-00010480-00010751 a swipe up and I got switches to video
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00041-00010752-00011202 video video mode and then I can vlog
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00042-00011203-00011552 from there it is so it's so handy guys I
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00043-00011553-00011802 don't even I don't even think you know
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00044-00011803-00012071 how handy this actually is so I'm gonna
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00045-00012072-00012270 have this surgery in in a couple minutes
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00046-00012271-00012688 here doctor Doc's just getting ready and
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00047-00012689-00013110 yeah see you after the surgery hey guys
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00048-00013111-00013472 I I've been the surgery but I'm just
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00049-00013473-00013575 about to go under
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00050-00013576-00013731 Doc's gonna put me under really quick
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00051-00013732-00013962 here and it's gonna be really fun really
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00052-00013963-00014213 cool it's good we I'm gonna come up with
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00053-00014215-00014444 a bionic arm that's gonna be really cool
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00054-00014445-00014763 and very cheap three bucks it's gonna be
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00055-00014763-00014922 pretty cool doctor just gonna put you
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00056-00014922-00017849 out there right here hey guys hey guys
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00057-00017850-00018066 just got to pick up my second vlog
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00058-00018067-00018366 camera as you can see I just got my
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00059-00018367-00018603 implant and my goodness
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00060-00018604-00018884 it only costs it cusses I got a discount
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00061-00018885-00019222 price of 3 bucks but I upgraded it I
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00062-00019223-00019571 usually a costume but I upgraded to the
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00063-00019572-00019971 premium to the premium tape so it would
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00064-00019972-00020268 stick better and it would stay on my arm
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00065-00020269-00020652 longer it also all I have to do is just
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00066-00020653-00020897 click this button here one second I just
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00067-00020898-00021278 got to turn it on first I gotta put you
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00068-00021279-00021503 guys down really quick guys trust me it
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00069-00021504-00021705 is worth it it's worth the three buck
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00070-00021706-00021939 three bucks I'm still gonna go stand you
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00071-00021940-00022115 up there it's worth the three bucks guys
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00072-00022116-00022290 all I got to do is swipe up here and
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00073-00022291-00022599 then change it to video and look at that
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00074-00022600-00022868 guys I can video myself videoing you
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00075-00022869-00023061 look at that that's pretty epic isn't it
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00076-00023062-00023409 guys that's that's a win that's a win
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00077-00023410-00023490 for me guys
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00078-00023491-00023781 look at that look at that that is so
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00079-00023782-00024042 handy guys all I gotta do to start
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00080-00024043-00024681 recording it's just go like this you get
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00081-00024682-00024765 the idea
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00082-00024766-00025100 it's really simple really easy and it's
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00083-00025101-00025328 gonna help me my vlog life a lot guys
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00084-00025329-00025581 hey guys I just wanted to thank my
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00085-00025582-00025820 beautiful inspiration for this video his
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00086-00025822-00025983 name's Jake Paul you might have heard of
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00087-00025983-00026352 him he's pretty popular but he was my
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00088-00026352-00026610 inspiration he made me he made me think
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00089-00026611-00026832 this was a good idea so I like to thank
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00090-00026833-00027123 you for that Jake for literally changing
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00091-00027124-00027660 my life don't know if it's good or bad
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00092-00027661-00027930 yet but I mean it seems to be working
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00093-00027931-00028110 perfectly fine right now it's on my arm
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00094-00028111-00028507 right now so it's pretty cool
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00095-00028508-00029469 Jake
+nmJQ3yToHeo-00096-00029470-00030498 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00000-00000877-00001420 asking you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00001-00001421-00001698 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00002-00001698-00002123 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00003-00002124-00002701 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00004-00002702-00003499 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00005-00003500-00004150 lost everything
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00006-00004151-00005115 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00007-00005116-00006390 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00008-00006391-00006773 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00009-00006773-00006916 Magic
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00010-00006917-00007470 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00011-00007470-00009666 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00012-00009667-00011131 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00013-00011132-00011428 all right
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00014-00011429-00012684 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00015-00012685-00013647 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00016-00013647-00014606 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00017-00014607-00015019 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00018-00015019-00015312 with me
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00019-00015313-00018034 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00020-00018035-00018889 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00021-00018890-00019332 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00022-00019333-00019897 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00023-00019898-00020340 all right
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00024-00020341-00022936 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00025-00022937-00024332 whatever
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00026-00024333-00025405 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00027-00025406-00026042 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00028-00026043-00027570 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00029-00027572-00027919 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00030-00027920-00029798 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00031-00029799-00030677 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00032-00030677-00030790 everybody
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00033-00030791-00031635 anymore
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00034-00031636-00032574 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00035-00032575-00032966 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00036-00032967-00033431 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00037-00033432-00033633 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00038-00033634-00034111 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00039-00034112-00034834 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00040-00034835-00035290 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00041-00035291-00035724 everything
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00042-00035725-00036149 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00043-00036150-00036268 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00044-00036269-00036334 else
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00045-00036335-00037224 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00046-00037225-00037825 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00047-00037826-00038885 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00048-00038886-00039117 healing
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00049-00039118-00039265 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00050-00039266-00039716 World Series
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00051-00039717-00042672 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00052-00042673-00042949 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00053-00042950-00043969 that's good
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00054-00043970-00045471 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00056-00049274-00049516 look at me
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00057-00049517-00050506 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00058-00050507-00052008 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00059-00052009-00052175 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00060-00052176-00052347 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00062-00057426-00057899 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00063-00057900-00058069 lyrics
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00064-00058070-00059270 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00065-00059271-00059329 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00066-00059329-00059692 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00067-00059694-00060266 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00068-00060266-00062579 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00069-00062580-00063413 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00070-00063414-00064285 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00071-00064286-00065269 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00072-00065270-00065970 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00073-00065971-00066125 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00074-00066126-00066395 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00075-00066396-00068564 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00076-00068565-00071213 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00077-00071214-00073247 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00078-00073248-00073801 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00079-00073802-00076500 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00080-00076501-00076718 this song
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00082-00079914-00080646 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00083-00080647-00080765 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00084-00080766-00080867 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00085-00080868-00081637 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00086-00081638-00081922 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00087-00081923-00083764 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00088-00083765-00086123 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00089-00086124-00086717 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00090-00086718-00087771 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00091-00087772-00090040 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00092-00090041-00090902 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00093-00090903-00092243 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00094-00092244-00092336 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00095-00092337-00092435 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00096-00092436-00093116 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00097-00093117-00093875 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00099-00097161-00098249 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00100-00098250-00098703 disaster
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00101-00098704-00100065 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00102-00100066-00100176 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00103-00100177-00100305 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00104-00100306-00102232 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00105-00102233-00104013 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00106-00104014-00105432 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00107-00105433-00106386 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00108-00106388-00107572 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00109-00107573-00108052 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00110-00108053-00110311 faster
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00111-00110313-00111890 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00113-00115848-00115978 first
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00114-00115979-00117683 universities
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00115-00117683-00118463 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00116-00118464-00118873 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00117-00118874-00120057 all right
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00118-00120058-00120269 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00119-00120270-00120788 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00120-00120789-00121325 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00121-00121326-00121751 yesterday
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00122-00121752-00122409 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00123-00122410-00124175 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00124-00124176-00124557 there you go
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00125-00124558-00125793 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00126-00125794-00126541 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00127-00126542-00126971 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00128-00126972-00127078 everybody
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00129-00127079-00127489 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00130-00127490-00127795 good morning yesterday
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00131-00127796-00129322 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00133-00132755-00133307 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00134-00133308-00134111 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00135-00134112-00134165 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00136-00134166-00135939 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00137-00135940-00137178 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00138-00137179-00137675 [Laughter]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00141-00140300-00140477 give me
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00143-00140883-00142604 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00146-00146622-00147733 yesterday
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00156-00154811-00154933 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00157-00154934-00155222 Merry Christmas
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00159-00155398-00156094 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00160-00156095-00156233 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00166-00159162-00159538 your money
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00170-00162942-00164947 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00171-00164948-00165840 all right now
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00172-00165841-00166228 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00174-00166235-00167866 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00175-00167867-00168200 okay
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00176-00168201-00169025 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00177-00169026-00169198 five minutes
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00185-00174912-00174937 thank you
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00193-00180926-00181339 thank you thank you
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00195-00181507-00184455 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00196-00184456-00184931 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00197-00184932-00187342 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00198-00187343-00188569 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00199-00188570-00188960 come on
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00200-00188961-00189150 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00202-00190330-00191195 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00203-00191196-00191993 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00204-00191994-00192340 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00206-00195527-00196702 business
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00208-00197533-00199864 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00209-00199865-00200387 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00212-00202475-00203461 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00213-00203462-00205216 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00217-00206777-00207548 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00218-00207550-00207969 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00219-00207971-00207998 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00220-00208000-00208194 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00221-00208196-00208907 the morning
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00222-00208908-00210558 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00223-00210559-00211246 he knows
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00224-00211246-00212761 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00225-00212762-00215155 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00226-00215156-00215542 let me
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00227-00215544-00216644 foreign
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00229-00219917-00220739 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00230-00220740-00221473 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00231-00221473-00221577 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00232-00221578-00221736 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00233-00221737-00222377 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00234-00222378-00223073 laughs
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00235-00223073-00224194 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00236-00224196-00224917 guys
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00237-00224919-00225904 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00238-00225905-00226415 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00239-00226416-00226653 Warriors
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00240-00226654-00229289 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00241-00229290-00229646 performance
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00242-00229648-00229810 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00243-00229811-00230148 listening
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00245-00233256-00233569 yeah
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00246-00233569-00234252 yes yes please
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00247-00234253-00235028 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00248-00235029-00236171 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00249-00236173-00237182 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00250-00237183-00237881 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00251-00237882-00238742 yesterday
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00252-00238742-00240941 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00253-00240942-00241441 yeah yeah
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00254-00241442-00242421 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00255-00242421-00244444 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00256-00244446-00245339 foreign
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00264-00251401-00251701 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00265-00251702-00251821 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00266-00251821-00252471 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00267-00252471-00253117 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00268-00253117-00253653 come on again
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00270-00254313-00254952 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00271-00254953-00255875 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00276-00257823-00257932 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00277-00257933-00258029 what
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00278-00258030-00258125 is
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00279-00258126-00258527 it okay
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00280-00258528-00259759 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00281-00259760-00259775 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00282-00259776-00259984 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00284-00260290-00260298 [Music]
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+nnXX5rL4AHA-00286-00260940-00261192 thank you
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00287-00261192-00261839 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00288-00261840-00261869 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00289-00261869-00262258 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00290-00262259-00262499 [Applause]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00291-00262500-00263530 [Music]
+nnXX5rL4AHA-00292-00263531-00265361 [Music]
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00000-00000391-00000630 hello in this video i will explain how
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00001-00000631-00000839 to implement visual feedback turboing in
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00002-00000840-00000983 copela sim
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00003-00000984-00001150 specifically i will focus on
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00004-00001151-00001350 implementation aspects of the kinematic
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00005-00001351-00001687 controller using an image-based method
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00006-00001688-00001879 while in the previous video we saw how
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00007-00001880-00002063 to implement
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00008-00002064-00002223 all those aspects related with the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00009-00002224-00002487 object detection
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00010-00002488-00002718 as you can see this presentation has
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00011-00002719-00002950 many objectives to achieve
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00012-00002951-00003166 first i will review the conceptual
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00013-00003167-00003383 framework of robot diesel turboing using
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00014-00003384-00003486 the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00015-00003488-00003654 control diagram
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00016-00003655-00003751 later
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00017-00003752-00004006 i will explain how to obtain features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00018-00004007-00004231 and make correspondence
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00019-00004232-00004502 with those obtained with a reference
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00020-00004503-00004775 image in order to compute an error to be
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00021-00004776-00004911 minimized
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00022-00004912-00005102 then i will explain how to compute the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00023-00005103-00005327 interaction matrix and how to obtain the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00024-00005328-00005486 transformation between the camera and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00025-00005487-00005647 the end effector
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00026-00005648-00005951 and we will also see a brief overview
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00027-00005952-00006151 about the variables and functions that i
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00028-00006152-00006334 used to in order to compute the robot
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00029-00006335-00006503 kinematics
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00030-00006504-00006646 and some
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00031-00006647-00006903 uh rotational in the end i will explain
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00032-00006904-00007055 how to implement the robot visual
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00033-00007056-00007310 servoin and we will
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00034-00007311-00007487 see some rotational and translational
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00035-00007488-00007751 examples
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00036-00007752-00007959 this diagram represents the required
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00037-00007959-00008303 robot visuals s7 control structure
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00038-00008304-00008527 we need a reference image
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00039-00008528-00008671 this is a set of
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00040-00008672-00008974 reference features as ref and a list of
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00041-00008975-00009110 features colors
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00042-00009111-00009367 information about the reference features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00043-00009368-00009574 on the other hand an image processing
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00044-00009575-00009710 method will
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00045-00009711-00009942 provide us at least with the detected
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00046-00009943-00010103 characteristics
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00047-00010104-00010303 with their corresponding colors on
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00048-00010304-00010510 actual images
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00049-00010511-00010710 with all this information we need to
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00050-00010711-00010999 compute an error between the features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00051-00011000-00011223 in this case i use
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00052-00011224-00011495 a color i use color data to make the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00053-00011496-00011742 correspondence this error is defined in
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00054-00011743-00012014 the image plane and for this reason we
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00055-00012015-00012310 use differential kinematics as well as
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00056-00012311-00012503 the transformation between the final and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00057-00012504-00012710 the factor on the camera and the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00058-00012711-00012855 interaction matrix
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00059-00012856-00013086 so we can relate velocities in the image
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00060-00013087-00013438 plane with joint velocities
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00061-00013440-00013719 a proportional controller is responsible
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00062-00013719-00013894 for determining the actual joint
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00063-00013895-00014127 velocities so that the error converges
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00064-00014128-00014399 to zero using the zero inverse of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00065-00014400-00014583 jacobian
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00066-00014584-00014863 since it is a kinematic simulation these
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00067-00014863-00015071 velocities will be integrated over time
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00068-00015072-00015255 to determine the new joint positions
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00069-00015256-00015455 that will ultimately
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00070-00015456-00015735 move the end effector to any position
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00071-00015736-00016158 from where we can take a new image
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00072-00016159-00016415 in this presentation i will assume that
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00073-00016416-00016639 you already have completed all necessary
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00074-00016640-00016883 steps to detect objects on
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00075-00016884-00017207 images in the previous video i explained
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00076-00017208-00017407 how to implement this process using a
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00077-00017408-00017663 vision sensor in copyle sim
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00078-00017664-00017943 and as a result we will be able to get a
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00079-00017944-00018183 list of features and their colors that
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00080-00018184-00018471 will be used as reference values
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00081-00018472-00018719 using this image processing algorithm we
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00082-00018720-00018927 will be able to detect features from
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00083-00018928-00019279 apple images so the idea is to use them
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00084-00019280-00019719 or to use the function block 3d points
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00085-00019720-00019950 on every simulation step
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00086-00019951-00020183 and this is a function that i explained
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00087-00020184-00020422 in uh in the previous video that will
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00088-00020423-00020622 return in the end a list of features and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00089-00020623-00020919 a list of colors with uh
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00090-00020920-00021143 or a list of colors with the of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00091-00021144-00021383 features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00092-00021384-00021558 in order to compute the error between
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00093-00021559-00021727 the detected features and the reference
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00094-00021728-00021830 features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00095-00021831-00022119 we must establish a prior correspondence
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00096-00022120-00022263 between them
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00097-00022264-00022486 for this reason when detecting objects
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00098-00022487-00022758 we also detect the colors in addition to
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00099-00022759-00022958 the features position
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00100-00022959-00023078 for
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00101-00023079-00023247 the correspondence is done using the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00102-00023248-00023463 color data using one of the simplest
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00103-00023464-00023694 possible methods a nearest neighbor
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00104-00023695-00023839 approach
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00105-00023840-00024063 obviously there are other
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00106-00024064-00024303 robust or there are the other methods
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00107-00024304-00024430 more robust
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00108-00024431-00024758 in computer vision but since this is not
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00109-00024759-00024991 a part of our problem statement i prefer
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00110-00024992-00025247 to keep it simple here however in a real
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00111-00025248-00025486 life application is this might be a key
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00112-00025487-00025614 step
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00113-00025616-00025814 thus correspondence is implemented by
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00114-00025816-00026078 determining the closest point in the rgb
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00115-00026079-00026246 color space
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00116-00026247-00026470 as i said i'm aware that this is not the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00117-00026472-00026683 most appropriate
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00118-00026683-00026870 approach but
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00119-00026872-00027023 this is one of the simplest ones and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00120-00027024-00027231 it's robust enough to work for the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00121-00027232-00027599 problem that i'm trying to solve here
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00122-00027600-00027846 the error in the feature is a vector
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00123-00027847-00028062 with twice as many elements as the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00124-00028063-00028287 number of features we have detected
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00125-00028288-00028558 since the error vector includes errors
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00126-00028560-00028918 in x and y coordinates of each feature
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00127-00028919-00029151 in a column form
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00128-00029152-00029495 for the example shown the vector or the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00129-00029495-00029735 error vector is a vector with
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00130-00029736-00029879 eight elements
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00131-00029880-00030062 so in order to compute the elements of
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00132-00030063-00030231 this vector we must subtract the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00133-00030232-00030455 elements of the list of detected
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00134-00030456-00030567 features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00135-00030568-00030799 and substract them with the list of with
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00136-00030800-00030951 the elements of the list of reference
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00137-00030952-00031239 features index it accordingly
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00138-00031239-00031583 with the or to the correspondence list
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00139-00031583-00031831 this is what i have coded here and in
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00140-00031832-00032062 the examples uh at the end of the video
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00141-00032063-00032311 you will see that the norm of this error
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00142-00032312-00032607 tends to zero
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00143-00032608-00032823 the interaction matrix relates the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00144-00032824-00033087 velocities of the features in the image
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00145-00033088-00033351 plane to linear and angular velocities
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00146-00033352-00033567 of the camera reference frame
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00147-00033568-00033839 this matrix therefore has as many rows
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00148-00033840-00034111 as twice of detected features and six
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00149-00034112-00034215 columns
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00150-00034216-00034446 corresponding to the three linear
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00151-00034447-00034583 velocities and the three angular
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00152-00034584-00034823 velocities in 3d space
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00153-00034824-00035062 the matrix is computed from the detected
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00154-00035063-00035159 features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00155-00035160-00035302 but as
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00156-00035303-00035583 we we saw in a previous or specific
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00157-00035584-00035727 video about
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00158-00035728-00036030 a robot visual servo in technique
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00159-00036031-00036255 ibs
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00160-00036256-00036527 it also or it is also convenient to use
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00161-00036528-00036790 the reference features of uh
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00162-00036791-00036943 in order to compute
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00163-00036944-00037118 the interaction matrix
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00164-00037119-00037279 so this
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00165-00037280-00037527 in the end we take the average of both
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00166-00037528-00037823 matrices and return these as an output
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00167-00037824-00038111 argument of of the function
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00168-00038112-00038287 as input argument
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00169-00038288-00038430 of this function
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00170-00038431-00038718 this i include here the list of
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00171-00038719-00038927 measure features the reference features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00172-00038928-00039335 and also the list of the correspondence
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00173-00039336-00039574 the camera is attached to the last link
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00174-00039575-00039815 of the robot however the reference
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00175-00039816-00039943 system
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00176-00039944-00040174 of the camera and the end effector they
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00177-00040175-00040430 do not have to be coincident
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00178-00040431-00040718 in this case even they are close
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00179-00040719-00040879 it is convenient to compute the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00180-00040880-00041079 transformation between them
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00181-00041080-00041287 so that we can compute the relation
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00182-00041288-00041495 between the linear and angular
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00183-00041496-00041718 velocities using classic
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00184-00041719-00041974 maths for 3d motion
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00185-00041975-00042246 in particular we need to compute as you
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00186-00042247-00042543 can see here or we use
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00187-00042544-00042790 the 3d motion maps that translate linear
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00188-00042791-00042983 angular abilities from one reference
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00189-00042984-00043343 frame into another reference frame
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00190-00043344-00043518 in order to compute forward and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00191-00043519-00043727 differential kinematics we must properly
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00192-00043728-00044007 set up copelacy machine and the cmik
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00193-00044008-00044111 plugin
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00194-00044112-00044287 this is something again that we have
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00195-00044288-00044535 already seen in a previous video
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00196-00044536-00044751 where i have explained how to configure
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00197-00044752-00044990 the cmik plugin so we can use it for
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00198-00044991-00045151 computed
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00199-00045152-00045343 robot kinematics
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00200-00045344-00045535 we we also implement for tracking
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00201-00045536-00045727 trajectories and so on
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00202-00045728-00045887 here i include the names of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00203-00045888-00046143 variables you should be already familiar
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00204-00046144-00046455 by now with those names and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00205-00046456-00046543 these
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00206-00046544-00046695 are associated with the specific
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00207-00046696-00046974 implementation of the robot kinematics
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00208-00046975-00047239 i also have included here the names of
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00209-00047240-00047446 the functions that allow us to compute
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00210-00047447-00047607 such kinematics
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00211-00047608-00047871 that will be obviously used in the image
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00212-00047872-00048071 based schematic controller
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00213-00048072-00048358 such as the get-a-n get jack-up and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00214-00048359-00048846 a-k-d-h functions
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00215-00048847-00049095 kinematic control with visual feedback
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00216-00049096-00049335 would consist of suitably combining all
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00217-00049336-00049567 these elements that we have previously
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00218-00049568-00049671 seen
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00219-00049672-00049862 we must obtain a set of features and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00220-00049863-00050102 compare them with reference ones and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00221-00050103-00050351 compute the error between them
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00222-00050352-00050590 before that we should have established a
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00223-00050591-00050807 correspondence between them
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00224-00050808-00051118 we must also compute the robot jacobian
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00225-00051119-00051311 but please bear in mind that the ji
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00226-00051312-00051526 coming returned by compilation is the g
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00227-00051527-00051766 common with respect to the robot base
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00228-00051767-00051975 but we need the jacobian with respect to
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00229-00051976-00052150 the end effector
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00230-00052151-00052438 we just need to perform a simple linear
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00231-00052439-00052623 transformation so that the jacobian is
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00232-00052624-00052894 multiplied with a clockwise diagonal
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00233-00052895-00053007 matrix
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00234-00053008-00053230 with the rotation matrix between the end
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00235-00053232-00053479 effector and the robot base
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00236-00053479-00053782 on the other hand we must have computed
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00237-00053783-00053911 as well
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00238-00053912-00054054 we should compute as well the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00239-00054055-00054207 transformation between the end effector
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00240-00054208-00054423 and the camera this transformation is
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00241-00054424-00054599 constant and can be done in the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00242-00054600-00054863 initialization of your script
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00243-00054864-00055054 and therefore it can be just simply
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00244-00055055-00055271 computed once
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00245-00055272-00055591 the interaction matrix is computed from
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00246-00055591-00055815 features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00247-00055816-00056030 from measurement features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00248-00056032-00056111 and
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00249-00056112-00056303 reference features
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00250-00056304-00056526 uh the result all of all these
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00251-00056527-00056871 calculations is a jacobi matrix jc
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00252-00056872-00057071 that represents the variation of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00253-00057072-00057254 position of features in the image planes
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00254-00057255-00057482 as a consequence of provisions of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00255-00057483-00057775 joints a proportion of control
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00256-00057776-00057919 based on the pseudo-inverse of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00257-00057920-00058038 jacobian
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00258-00058039-00058319 matrix will allow us to obtain joint
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00259-00058320-00058623 speeds that would make the error to
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00260-00058624-00058815 converge to zero
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00261-00058816-00059054 due to non-linearities this is not
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00262-00059055-00059223 always true
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00263-00059224-00059454 but as we will see in the examples we
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00264-00059455-00059687 will see that the the control is quite
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00265-00059688-00059863 robust
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00266-00059864-00060142 particularly if we are able to solve the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00267-00060144-00060359 correspondence problem
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00268-00060360-00060566 in the cisco actuation function we can
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00269-00060567-00060750 implement the integrator that will allow
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00270-00060751-00060919 us to determine the new positions of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00271-00060920-00061030 joints
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00272-00061032-00061215 that the robot must have
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00273-00061216-00061406 on their velocities but remember that we
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00274-00061407-00061503 have to
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00275-00061504-00061663 set the joints the position of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00276-00061664-00061911 joints in the copilocy machine objects
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00277-00061912-00062054 but as well
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00278-00062055-00062487 in the cmik objects
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00279-00062488-00062719 in this first example we're going to see
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00280-00062720-00062935 a case in which the robot must perform a
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00281-00062936-00063335 rotation of the last joint this is a 125
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00282-00063336-00063503 rotation with respect to the reference
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00283-00063504-00064150 configuration which is quite a lot
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00284-00064151-00064342 as it can be seen the robot is capable
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00285-00064344-00064566 of solving the problem posed
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00286-00064567-00064766 the configuration reach doesn't have to
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00287-00064767-00065023 coincide with the reference one
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00288-00065024-00065254 synthesis a redundant robot with seven
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00289-00065255-00065479 degrees of freedom but as it can be seen
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00290-00065479-00065711 the logarithm of the error decreases
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00291-00065712-00065919 practically linear to a point where the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00292-00065920-00066071 error magnitude
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00293-00066072-00066582 is due to quantization errors
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00294-00066583-00066799 in this second example i have positioned
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00295-00066800-00066959 the robot so that the camera is
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00296-00066960-00067143 translated but the orientation of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00297-00067144-00067559 camera is the correct one
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00298-00067560-00067950 let's see how it works
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00299-00067951-00068191 once again it is observed that how the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00300-00068192-00068575 robot is capable of solving the problem
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00301-00068576-00068799 in this case
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00302-00068800-00069015 it moves the camera but also has a small
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00303-00069016-00069247 rotation in inclination
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00304-00069248-00069471 that it's being corrected until we reach
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00305-00069472-00070094 the error close to the noise level
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00306-00070095-00070319 and in this third example i have moved
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00307-00070320-00070479 the robot so that the access must
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00308-00070480-00070575 perform
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00309-00070576-00070855 a simultaneous translation and rotation
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00310-00070856-00071055 specifically the image is rotated 90
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00311-00071056-00071150 degrees
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00312-00071151-00071255 but it
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00313-00071256-00071559 it also has a displacement so we detect
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00314-00071560-00071703 the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00315-00071704-00072038 the the blobs or the objects on the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00316-00072039-00072223 left lower
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00317-00072224-00072582 bottom left corner of the image
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00318-00072583-00073103 so let's see how it works
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00319-00073104-00073279 again it can be seen that despite of the
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00320-00073280-00073567 difficulty of the problem the ibbs
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00321-00073568-00073831 algorithm is capable of solving this
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00322-00073832-00074062 this situation moving the camera to a
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00323-00074063-00074271 configuration where the error is very
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00324-00074272-00074726 very small
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00325-00074727-00074879 well in this presentation i have
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00326-00074880-00075038 explained how to implement the kinematic
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00327-00075039-00075159 controller
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00328-00075160-00075399 for robot visual server in copyle sims
+oo3T3bq3IlI-00329-00075400-00075756 thank you very much
+o0HxX2dTetg-00000-00000000-00000248 Texas state lawmakers have given
+o0HxX2dTetg-00001-00000249-00000443 preliminary approval to some of the
+o0HxX2dTetg-00002-00000444-00000588 country's strictest anti abortion
+o0HxX2dTetg-00003-00000589-00000829 restrictions hundreds of pro-choice
+o0HxX2dTetg-00004-00000830-00001115 people many wearing orange t-shirts
+o0HxX2dTetg-00005-00001116-00001370 reading stand with Texas women packed
+o0HxX2dTetg-00006-00001371-00001634 into the Texas Capitol into the early
+o0HxX2dTetg-00007-00001635-00001834 hours of Monday morning as Democrats
+o0HxX2dTetg-00008-00001835-00002099 sought to block Senate bill 5 critics
+o0HxX2dTetg-00009-00002100-00002396 say it will shut down 37 out of 42
+o0HxX2dTetg-00010-00002397-00002648 abortion clinics in Texas leaving just
+o0HxX2dTetg-00011-00002649-00002948 five clinics across the entire state the
+o0HxX2dTetg-00012-00002949-00003140 bill would ban abortion after 20 weeks
+o0HxX2dTetg-00013-00003141-00003386 place restrictions on the pill form of
+o0HxX2dTetg-00014-00003386-00003631 abortion require providers to obtain
+o0HxX2dTetg-00015-00003632-00003836 admitting privileges at a local hospital
+o0HxX2dTetg-00016-00003836-00004019 and forced clinics to make costly
+o0HxX2dTetg-00017-00004020-00004261 upgrades in order to meet the standards
+o0HxX2dTetg-00018-00004262-00004526 of ambulatory surgical centers during
+o0HxX2dTetg-00019-00004527-00004702 hours of heated debate over the bill
+o0HxX2dTetg-00020-00004703-00004927 democratic state representative san fran
+o0HxX2dTetg-00021-00004928-00005261 yeah thompson displayed a wired coat
+o0HxX2dTetg-00022-00005262-00005510 hanger a symbol of the potentially fatal
+o0HxX2dTetg-00023-00005511-00005702 practices used when safe abortion was
+o0HxX2dTetg-00024-00005703-00005902 illegal or inaccessible asking her
+o0HxX2dTetg-00025-00005903-00006086 colleagues quote do you want to return
+o0HxX2dTetg-00026-00006087-00006569 back to the coat hanger the vote
+o0bka-0kgpU-00000-00000000-00000254 first of all if you are actively looking
+o0bka-0kgpU-00001-00000254-00000505 for help to fix your relationship after
+o0bka-0kgpU-00002-00000506-00000749 a fight that in itself is a great sign
+o0bka-0kgpU-00003-00000750-00001000 it means that you care enough about your
+o0bka-0kgpU-00004-00001001-00001229 relationship to work on it and to put
+o0bka-0kgpU-00005-00001230-00001478 your time energy and effort into healing
+o0bka-0kgpU-00006-00001479-00001834 after a fight hello my name is Lauren
+o0bka-0kgpU-00007-00001835-00002023 Richards welcome to how to make
+o0bka-0kgpU-00008-00002025-00002242 relationship work YouTube channel where
+o0bka-0kgpU-00009-00002243-00002425 we give you all the valuable information
+o0bka-0kgpU-00010-00002426-00002650 you need to take your relationship to
+o0bka-0kgpU-00011-00002651-00002915 the next level subscribe and press the
+o0bka-0kgpU-00012-00002916-00003142 notification bell to never miss any of
+o0bka-0kgpU-00013-00003143-00003436 our video as a marriage counselor and
+o0bka-0kgpU-00014-00003438-00003661 couples therapist I work with couples
+o0bka-0kgpU-00015-00003663-00003878 all the time who are concerned about the
+o0bka-0kgpU-00016-00003879-00004072 level of fighting in their relationship
+o0bka-0kgpU-00017-00004073-00004336 and want to heal their bond here are
+o0bka-0kgpU-00018-00004337-00004544 some of my top tips for how to not just
+o0bka-0kgpU-00019-00004545-00004793 fix your relationship after a fight but
+o0bka-0kgpU-00020-00004794-00005047 to really and truly use the experience
+o0bka-0kgpU-00021-00005048-00005263 you both had to move forward and develop
+o0bka-0kgpU-00022-00005264-00005501 the amazing relationship you both want
+o0bka-0kgpU-00023-00005502-00005801 and deserve number 1 do not withdraw
+o0bka-0kgpU-00024-00005802-00006116 emotionally if you have just had a bad
+o0bka-0kgpU-00025-00006117-00006361 fight you might be feeling worried about
+o0bka-0kgpU-00026-00006362-00006587 your relationship wondering if you are
+o0bka-0kgpU-00027-00006588-00006791 compatible or even if this is the
+o0bka-0kgpU-00028-00006792-00007048 beginning of the end let's stop all
+o0bka-0kgpU-00029-00007050-00007321 couples fight if you get too worried
+o0bka-0kgpU-00030-00007322-00007567 about the fight itself it might lead you
+o0bka-0kgpU-00031-00007568-00007771 to withdraw emotionally and that's never
+o0bka-0kgpU-00032-00007772-00008078 helpful here's a reframe fighting is
+o0bka-0kgpU-00033-00008079-00008333 actually a good sign it means that you
+o0bka-0kgpU-00034-00008334-00008542 both still care enough to tangle with
+o0bka-0kgpU-00035-00008543-00008792 each other try to be understood and
+o0bka-0kgpU-00036-00008793-00008974 attempt to create change in your
+o0bka-0kgpU-00037-00008975-00009401 relationship number 2 take a break do
+o0bka-0kgpU-00038-00009402-00009644 not try to fix your relationship after a
+o0bka-0kgpU-00039-00009645-00009889 fight in the heat of the moment neither
+o0bka-0kgpU-00040-00009890-00010142 of you is thinking clearly and it's best
+o0bka-0kgpU-00041-00010143-00010358 to let it go until you can both
+o0bka-0kgpU-00042-00010359-00010637 down leave it until the morning or go
+o0bka-0kgpU-00043-00010638-00010883 take a walk and don't even try to repair
+o0bka-0kgpU-00044-00010884-00011084 your relationship until you are really
+o0bka-0kgpU-00045-00011085-00011248 and truly feeling
+o0bka-0kgpU-00046-00011249-00011460 how will you know that you have calmed
+o0bka-0kgpU-00047-00011461-00011724 down enough to mend things when you can
+o0bka-0kgpU-00048-00011725-00011913 shift gears from your perspective to
+o0bka-0kgpU-00049-00011914-00011953 theirs
+o0bka-0kgpU-00050-00011954-00012271 number three here and understand your
+o0bka-0kgpU-00051-00012272-00012546 partner remember fighting happens
+o0bka-0kgpU-00052-00012547-00012763 because people are trying to be heard
+o0bka-0kgpU-00053-00012764-00012988 and understood but feeling and validated
+o0bka-0kgpU-00054-00012988-00013222 by their partner the quickest and most
+o0bka-0kgpU-00055-00013222-00013390 effective way to repair your
+o0bka-0kgpU-00056-00013391-00013605 relationship after a fight is to take a
+o0bka-0kgpU-00057-00013606-00013828 deep breath and let go of your addenda
+o0bka-0kgpU-00058-00013829-00014055 for a little phial and put your energy
+o0bka-0kgpU-00059-00014056-00014230 into understanding your partner's
+o0bka-0kgpU-00060-00014231-00014547 feelings hopes desires and perspective
+o0bka-0kgpU-00061-00014547-00014916 number four don't be afraid to apologize
+o0bka-0kgpU-00062-00014916-00015238 it's not unusual at all for people to
+o0bka-0kgpU-00063-00015238-00015460 say or do really regrettable things in
+o0bka-0kgpU-00064-00015461-00015588 the heat of the moment
+o0bka-0kgpU-00065-00015590-00015903 yelling stomping slamming doors or even
+o0bka-0kgpU-00066-00015904-00016174 name-calling when you get flooded with
+o0bka-0kgpU-00067-00016175-00016428 emotion it really does turn off the part
+o0bka-0kgpU-00068-00016429-00016569 of your brain that is thoughtful
+o0bka-0kgpU-00069-00016570-00016849 articulate and can anticipate cause and
+o0bka-0kgpU-00070-00016850-00017200 effect basically when you get angry it
+o0bka-0kgpU-00071-00017201-00017407 unleashes your inner traveler who does a
+o0bka-0kgpU-00072-00017408-00017628 smash-and-grab job on the emotional
+o0bka-0kgpU-00073-00017629-00017899 safety of your relationship we all have
+o0bka-0kgpU-00074-00017900-00018142 the potential to do this it can be
+o0bka-0kgpU-00075-00018143-00018325 tempting to reach for blame in these
+o0bka-0kgpU-00076-00018326-00018519 moments but that just perpetuates
+o0bka-0kgpU-00077-00018520-00018928 disconnection number five use this as an
+o0bka-0kgpU-00078-00018929-00019231 opportunity to learn and grow fighting
+o0bka-0kgpU-00079-00019232-00019428 in a relationship can actually be
+o0bka-0kgpU-00080-00019429-00019642 extremely productive and helpful when it
+o0bka-0kgpU-00081-00019643-00019825 results in couples talking about
+o0bka-0kgpU-00082-00019826-00020031 important things they don't usually talk
+o0bka-0kgpU-00083-00020032-00020233 about learning new things about each
+o0bka-0kgpU-00084-00020234-00020287 other
+o0bka-0kgpU-00085-00020288-00020494 and finding new solutions to old
+o0bka-0kgpU-00086-00020495-00020850 problems relationships stagnate when
+o0bka-0kgpU-00087-00020851-00021040 people walk around holding in their
+o0bka-0kgpU-00088-00021041-00021316 feelings not wanting to rock the boat or
+o0bka-0kgpU-00089-00021317-00021528 doing anything that will upset together
+o0bka-0kgpU-00090-00021529-00021822 while this sounds virtuous and Noble it
+o0bka-0kgpU-00091-00021823-00022053 is actually a recipe for resentment and
+o0bka-0kgpU-00092-00022054-00022339 brewing disconnection healthy strong
+o0bka-0kgpU-00093-00022340-00022564 couples talk about things that bother
+o0bka-0kgpU-00094-00022565-00022744 them and work together to find solutions
+o0bka-0kgpU-00095-00022745-00023072 that feel better for both of them
+o0bka-0kgpU-00096-00023073-00023416 conclusion is having a drag-out fight
+o0bka-0kgpU-00097-00023417-00023784 the very best way to do this well no but
+o0bka-0kgpU-00098-00023785-00024000 even the worst fight can be the doorway
+o0bka-0kgpU-00099-00024001-00024190 to creating new understanding and
+o0bka-0kgpU-00100-00024191-00024400 solutions in your relationship if you
+o0bka-0kgpU-00101-00024401-00024550 are willing to listen to each other
+o0bka-0kgpU-00102-00024551-00024787 acknowledge the validity of each other's
+o0bka-0kgpU-00103-00024788-00025006 perspective and agree that you both
+o0bka-0kgpU-00104-00025007-00025237 deserve to feel loved and respected in
+o0bka-0kgpU-00105-00025238-00025572 this relationship thanks for watching if
+o0bka-0kgpU-00106-00025573-00025821 you enjoyed this video give it a thumbs
+o0bka-0kgpU-00107-00025822-00026089 up and share it with your friends for
+o0bka-0kgpU-00108-00026089-00026320 more videos like this hit the subscribe
+o0bka-0kgpU-00109-00026320-00026570 button and be sure to press the
+o0bka-0kgpU-00110-00026572-00026862 notification bell to stay up to date we
+o0bka-0kgpU-00111-00026863-00027058 have two new videos every Tuesday and
+o0bka-0kgpU-00112-00027058-00027444 Friday every single week
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00000-00000256-00000447 okay so in this video i'm going to show
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00001-00000448-00000759 you how you can use vectors to define
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00002-00000760-00001023 the equations of lines and planes so to
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00003-00001024-00001174 define some simple
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00004-00001175-00001447 geometrical objects okay so i'll start
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00005-00001448-00001710 with the equation of a line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00006-00001711-00001910 so a line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00007-00001911-00002087 is a line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00008-00002088-00002215 how can i
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00009-00002216-00002423 write an equation for this this means
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00010-00002424-00002639 how can i write an equation which is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00011-00002640-00003126 satisfied by any point x on the line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00012-00003127-00003279 okay and you can do it as follows
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00013-00003279-00003615 suppose that my zero is here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00014-00003615-00003806 i can start
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00015-00003807-00004054 by taking a point a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00016-00004055-00004431 on the line so at some point here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00017-00004432-00004591 so as long as i know one point on the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00018-00004592-00004727 line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00019-00004728-00005015 i can get to any other point on the line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00020-00005016-00005286 by moving
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00021-00005287-00005543 parallel to a vector
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00022-00005544-00005718 pointing along the lines if i do this in
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00023-00005719-00005967 red i've got another vector here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00024-00005968-00006463 so i'll call this vector v
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00025-00006464-00006567 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00026-00006568-00006639 so
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00027-00006640-00006951 i can get any point x on the line using
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00028-00006952-00007287 these two vectors a and b
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00029-00007288-00007495 so as i've drawn this here i can say
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00030-00007495-00007774 that x is equal to a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00031-00007775-00008087 plus two v right first of a gets me to
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00032-00008088-00008263 the line and then i do v
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00033-00008264-00008559 plus v again and i get to x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00034-00008560-00008639 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00035-00008640-00008807 and it's clear that you can define any
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00036-00008808-00008983 other point on this line just by
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00037-00008984-00009263 changing the number here okay so a plus
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00038-00009264-00009495 three v would get me a point here a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00039-00009496-00009783 minus b would get me here a plus a half
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00040-00009784-00009967 b is here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00041-00009968-00010223 so in general the equation of the line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00042-00010224-00010455 any point on the line x can be written
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00043-00010456-00010574 as a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00044-00010575-00010783 plus some number
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00045-00010784-00011327 times b
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00046-00011328-00011535 so this is the equation of the line so x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00047-00011536-00011710 is any point on the line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00048-00011711-00011895 a is a specific point on the line that
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00049-00011896-00012070 you know
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00050-00012071-00012263 lambda is any number
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00051-00012264-00012503 and v is a vector pointing along the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00052-00012504-00012902 line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00053-00012903-00013071 so let me just give you a very simple
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00054-00013072-00013303 example of this so suppose that i have
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00055-00013304-00013591 the following x is equal to
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00056-00013591-00013911 1 0 plus lambda
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00057-00013912-00014207 times 1 1. okay how does that define the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00058-00014208-00014407 line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00059-00014408-00014638 well if we imagine
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00060-00014640-00015022 here's my coordinates okay here's zero
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00061-00015023-00015335 so this is a here right
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00062-00015336-00015743 a is one zero so if this is one zero
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00063-00015744-00015838 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00064-00015840-00016055 so this is the point a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00065-00016056-00016327 and then this is b here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00066-00016328-00016599 b is one one so that
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00067-00016600-00016750 v
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00068-00016751-00016919 is a vector
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00069-00016920-00017135 one this way and one that way so it's
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00070-00017136-00017607 vector like this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00071-00017608-00017783 v here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00072-00017784-00018022 okay so the line is what i can get
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00073-00018023-00018199 starting from a and then moving in the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00074-00018200-00018655 direction of b so this defines the line
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00075-00018656-00019375 like this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00076-00019376-00019614 okay so this equation here defines the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00077-00019615-00020135 line here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00078-00020136-00020358 okay in a very similar way you can write
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00079-00020359-00020735 down the equation of a plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00080-00020736-00020950 so again i'll just draw a similar kind
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00081-00020951-00021183 of picture suppose i've got some plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00082-00021184-00021511 in three or more dimensions here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00083-00021512-00021727 and i've got zero down here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00084-00021728-00021871 and i want to find the equation
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00085-00021872-00022143 satisfied by any point x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00086-00022144-00022358 on the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00087-00022359-00022583 then one way you can do it is if you
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00088-00022584-00022791 know one point on the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00089-00022792-00023030 which i can call the point a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00090-00023031-00023199 as before
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00091-00023200-00023671 so a is a point on the plane here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00092-00023672-00023935 and also i know that two vectors now
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00093-00023936-00024103 pointing on the plane so let's suppose i
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00094-00024104-00024294 know the vector v
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00095-00024295-00024494 pointing this way and the vector w
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00096-00024495-00025255 pointing this way
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00097-00025256-00025358 v
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00098-00025359-00025687 and w
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00099-00025688-00025927 so i have two vectors on the plane then
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00100-00025927-00026046 i can write
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00101-00026047-00026335 x as a combination of a and v and w so
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00102-00026336-00026502 in this case i could do
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00103-00026504-00026855 v plus v plus w plus w
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00104-00026856-00027087 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00105-00027088-00027343 so as i've written it here x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00106-00027344-00027558 is equal to a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00107-00027560-00027735 plus two lots of b
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00108-00027736-00027974 plus two lots of w
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00109-00027975-00028183 and that works for this point here but
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00110-00028183-00028318 it's clear that i can write any other
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00111-00028319-00028535 point just from some changing the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00112-00028536-00028735 numbers here and here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00113-00028736-00028855 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00114-00028856-00029095 so our general equation for the plane is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00115-00029095-00029302 x is equal to a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00116-00029304-00029558 plus some number times v
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00117-00029560-00030231 plus some other number times w
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00118-00030232-00030487 okay so just to recap a is a point on
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00119-00030488-00030670 the plane that you know
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00120-00030672-00030943 lambda is any number and mu is any other
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00121-00030944-00031255 number and v and w are two vectors on
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00122-00031256-00031551 the plane which you know
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00123-00031552-00031774 so an example would be x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00124-00031775-00031911 is equal to
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00125-00031912-00032367 one one zero plus lambda times
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00126-00032368-00032743 2 0 minus 1 plus mu times
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00127-00032744-00032951 2 1 1.
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00128-00032952-00033118 so that will define a plane in three
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00129-00033119-00033302 dimensions i'm not going to try and draw
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00130-00033303-00033807 it
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00131-00033808-00034479 there's a second definition of a plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00132-00034480-00034631 definition two
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00133-00034632-00035039 which only works in three dimensions
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00134-00035040-00035295 these definitions work in any dimension
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00135-00035296-00035495 okay but this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00136-00035496-00035623 next definition i'll tell you for a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00137-00035624-00035879 plane only works in three dimensions
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00138-00035880-00036111 so let me explain what it is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00139-00036112-00036327 if i redraw that picture
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00140-00036328-00036911 so here's my plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00141-00036912-00037590 and i have the point a on the plane here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00142-00037591-00037695 and i have
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00143-00037696-00038095 another point x on the plane over here
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00144-00038096-00038239 you can define something called the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00145-00038240-00038462 normal vector okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00146-00038463-00038799 let me do the normal vector in green
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00147-00038800-00039271 pointing up like this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00148-00039272-00039879 okay so
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00149-00039880-00040030 n okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00150-00040031-00041502 so here n is the normal vector
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00151-00041503-00041735 and these properties that whatever it is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00152-00041736-00042071 n is perpendicular to the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00153-00042072-00042327 okay so it's the vector which is at 90
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00154-00042328-00042495 degrees to the plane and in three
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00155-00042496-00042671 dimensions this vector is unique and
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00156-00042672-00042879 that's why this definition only works in
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00157-00042880-00043143 three dimensions unique up to
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00158-00043144-00043351 scalar multiplication
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00159-00043352-00043695 the direction is unique in other words
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00160-00043696-00043895 now if you know a and you know the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00161-00043896-00044062 normal n as well
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00162-00044063-00044239 then you can define the plane in another
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00163-00044240-00044583 way by using the fact that
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00164-00044584-00044830 the vector
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00165-00044831-00045174 x minus a is the vector here okay so the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00166-00045175-00045439 vector going from a to x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00167-00045440-00045743 is the vector x minus a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00168-00045744-00045902 and you see that this vector is on the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00169-00045903-00046079 plane and therefore it must be
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00170-00046080-00046239 perpendicular
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00171-00046240-00046574 to the normal vector n by definition
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00172-00046575-00046799 of the normal vector n
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00173-00046800-00046918 so we have
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00174-00046919-00047479 that n is perpendicular to x minus a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00175-00047480-00047630 but we know that if two vectors are
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00176-00047631-00047983 perpendicular then their scalar product
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00177-00047984-00048327 should be equal to zero
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00178-00048328-00048495 so therefore we know this is true and
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00179-00048496-00048718 then we can rearrange this equation
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00180-00048719-00048983 to get n dot x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00181-00048984-00049543 should be equal to n dot a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00182-00049544-00049774 and this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00183-00049775-00049967 is a third definition what a second
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00184-00049968-00050143 definition for a plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00185-00050144-00050271 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00186-00050272-00050679 so
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00187-00050680-00051558 let me show you how that works
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00188-00051559-00051823 so an example let's suppose that i take
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00189-00051824-00051975 n is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00190-00051976-00052223 one two zero
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00191-00052224-00052407 and
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00192-00052408-00052630 a is the point
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00193-00052632-00052847 two minus four three
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00194-00052848-00053142 okay then my equation of the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00195-00053144-00053430 is okay and x is the point i don't know
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00196-00053432-00053654 so i'll give it coordinates x y z that's
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00197-00053655-00053879 the general point on the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00198-00053879-00054007 then we know that
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00199-00054008-00054623 n dot x should be equal to n dot a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00200-00054624-00055047 so this means that one two zero dot x y
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00201-00055048-00055142 z
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00202-00055144-00055519 should be equal to one two zero dot two
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00203-00055520-00055823 minus four three
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00204-00055824-00056023 then compute the scalar products here i
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00205-00056024-00056294 have x minus 2y
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00206-00056295-00056599 this should be equal to 2 minus 8 which
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00207-00056600-00056759 is minus 6.
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00208-00056760-00056838 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00209-00056839-00057142 so this equation here then defines
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00210-00057144-00057407 a plane which has the normal here and
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00211-00057408-00057935 the point on the plane given by this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00212-00057936-00058119 right so
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00213-00058120-00058271 one thing which you can do then is given
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00214-00058272-00058407 that in three dimensions we have two
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00215-00058408-00058607 definitions of a plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00216-00058608-00058847 we have the definition like this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00217-00058848-00059038 and the definition like that
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00218-00059039-00059247 you can convert between them
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00219-00059248-00059479 okay so i'll just to finish this video
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00220-00059479-00059623 i'll just do an example of that i'll
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00221-00059624-00059838 start with this definition and i'll show
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00222-00059839-00059975 you how you can change it into this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00223-00059976-00060287 definition
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00224-00060288-00060519 okay so i'll take a slightly different
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00225-00060520-00061094 example
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00226-00061095-00061430 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00227-00061432-00061663 so suppose we've got a plane given by
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00228-00061664-00062126 the following equation x is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00229-00062127-00062447 2 1 0 plus lambda
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00230-00062448-00062791 1 0 minus 1 plus mu
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00231-00062791-00062942 2 1 1.
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00232-00062944-00063271 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00233-00063272-00063559 so here then this is a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00234-00063560-00063775 this is v
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00235-00063776-00064206 and this is w
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00236-00064207-00064430 okay and what i'm going to do is write
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00237-00064432-00064903 it in the form
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00238-00064904-00065079 the other definition so write in the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00239-00065079-00065311 form n dot x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00240-00065312-00065406 equals
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00241-00065407-00065871 n dot a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00242-00065872-00066087 okay so how do you do that well you've
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00243-00066088-00066326 got a already so that's okay so you just
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00244-00066327-00066511 need to find what the normal of the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00245-00066512-00066638 plane is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00246-00066639-00066831 and one way you can do that is as
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00247-00066832-00066959 follows
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00248-00066960-00067199 in the first definition i've got v and w
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00249-00067200-00067375 and i know that these are two vectors on
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00250-00067376-00067631 the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00251-00067632-00067975 i know that the normal vector should be
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00252-00067976-00068319 perpendicular to the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00253-00068320-00068519 like this so one way you can find the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00254-00068520-00068647 normal vector
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00255-00068648-00068943 is simply to take the vector product of
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00256-00068944-00069150 v and w because one of the defining
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00257-00069151-00069263 properties
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00258-00069264-00069447 of the vector product was that it should
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00259-00069448-00069750 be perpendicular to v and w so if v and
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00260-00069751-00069919 w are in the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00261-00069920-00070150 then the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00262-00070151-00070375 vector product is perpendicular to the
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00263-00070376-00070591 plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00264-00070592-00070806 okay so we can choose n equals v equals
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00265-00070807-00070919 w
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00266-00070920-00071391 so let's calculate that
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00267-00071392-00071671 this would be one zero minus one vector
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00268-00071672-00071975 product two one one
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00269-00071976-00072215 which is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00270-00072216-00072535 one
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00271-00072536-00072759 minus one
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00272-00072760-00073094 minus two is minus 3
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00273-00073095-00073326 and
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00274-00073327-00073567 1.
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00275-00073568-00073750 okay
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00276-00073751-00074119 yep that's right okay so therefore we
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00277-00074120-00074247 have that
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00278-00074248-00074535 x y z so the the equation of the plane
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00279-00074536-00074815 in this form is the n dot x
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00280-00074816-00075223 equals n dot a and i can use this for n
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00281-00075224-00075471 so 1 minus 3 1
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00282-00075472-00075582 dot
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00283-00075583-00075871 x is the unknown so x y z
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00284-00075872-00076126 should be equal to one minus three one
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00285-00076127-00076303 and a
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00286-00076304-00076471 two one zero
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00287-00076472-00076911 so this gives you x minus three y plus c
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00288-00076912-00077175 is equal to two minus three plus zero is
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00289-00077176-00077487 minus one
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00290-00077488-00077671 okay so that's the end so we've shown
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00291-00077672-00077838 that this equation here in three
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00292-00077839-00077950 dimensions
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00293-00077951-00078215 this equation here is the same as this
+o2W0MWLJU9M-00294-00078216-00078563 equation here
+o3yR1puJCtu-00000-00000073-00000484 gtr2 FIA GT racing game as a sports car
+o3yR1puJCtu-00001-00000484-00000704 racing simulator developed by blimey
+o3yR1puJCtu-00002-00000705-00001002 games and simin studios later sector
+o3yR1puJCtu-00003-00001003-00001282 three Studios for the x86 PC and is a
+o3yR1puJCtu-00004-00001283-00001575 sequel to GTR since its release in
+o3yR1puJCtu-00005-00001576-00001827 September 2006 it has received
+o3yR1puJCtu-00006-00001828-00002085 widespread acclaim the game simulates
+o3yR1puJCtu-00007-00002086-00002499 the 2003 in 2004 FIA GT Championship
+o3yR1puJCtu-00008-00002500-00003097 racing series
+o3yR1puJCtu-00009-00003098-00003584 topic modding
+o3yR1puJCtu-00010-00003585-00003872 one of the reasons gtr2 has been so
+o3yR1puJCtu-00011-00003873-00004097 popular as the ability to create custom
+o3yR1puJCtu-00012-00004098-00004343 content for the game this has led to a
+o3yR1puJCtu-00013-00004344-00004545 large community of players who create
+o3yR1puJCtu-00014-00004546-00005229 new vehicles and tracks to race with
+o3yR1puJCtu-00015-00005230-00005758 topic reception
+o3yR1puJCtu-00016-00005759-00006088 ign's award for best pc racing game of
+o3yR1puJCtu-00017-00006089-00006250 2006
+o3yR1puJCtu-00018-00006251-00006509 GameSpot's award for best driving game
+o3yR1puJCtu-00019-00006509-00006767 of 2006 as well as the best game nobody
+o3yR1puJCtu-00020-00006768-00006996 played of 2006
+o3yR1puJCtu-00021-00006997-00007295 GameSpy rated at the ninth best PC game
+o3yR1puJCtu-00022-00007295-00007573 of 2006 the editors of computer games
+o3yR1puJCtu-00023-00007575-00007831 magazine presented gt-r 2 with their
+o3yR1puJCtu-00024-00007833-00008243 2006 best simulation award it was a
+o3yR1puJCtu-00025-00008244-00008402 runner-up for their list of the year's
+o3yR1puJCtu-00026-00008403-00008759 top 10 computer games it also won PC
+o3yR1puJCtu-00027-00008760-00009397 Gamer us is 2006 best racing game award
+o3K77uWxG5c-00000-00000000-00000250 in today's attention economy content
+o3K77uWxG5c-00001-00000252-00000455 creation is becoming a more and more
+o3K77uWxG5c-00002-00000456-00000755 valuable skill set so going into 2023
+o3K77uWxG5c-00003-00000756-00001025 you might be thinking about becoming a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00004-00001026-00001223 content creator or a video editor
+o3K77uWxG5c-00005-00001224-00001487 yourself and making money from this this
+o3K77uWxG5c-00006-00001488-00001714 video is meant to be a blueprint for you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00007-00001716-00001925 on how to become a full-time video
+o3K77uWxG5c-00008-00001926-00002165 editor step by step so let's get
+o3K77uWxG5c-00009-00002166-00002315 straight into it hello everybody and
+o3K77uWxG5c-00010-00002316-00002513 welcome to this video my name is Vincent
+o3K77uWxG5c-00011-00002514-00002765 although arguably I am not the best
+o3K77uWxG5c-00012-00002766-00003010 editor out there in the world I haven't
+o3K77uWxG5c-00013-00003011-00003238 worked on Disney movies and stuff like
+o3K77uWxG5c-00014-00003239-00003467 that I have managed to make hundreds of
+o3K77uWxG5c-00015-00003468-00003695 thousands of dollars from video editing
+o3K77uWxG5c-00016-00003696-00004019 either by doing it myself and working as
+o3K77uWxG5c-00017-00004020-00004217 a freelancer or later on transitioning
+o3K77uWxG5c-00018-00004218-00004451 into a creative agency so I definitely
+o3K77uWxG5c-00019-00004452-00004697 know a thing or two about making some
+o3K77uWxG5c-00020-00004698-00004979 extra money from selling video editing
+o3K77uWxG5c-00021-00004980-00005188 Services here is kind of how my journey
+o3K77uWxG5c-00022-00005189-00005470 went personally from age 10 to 14 I
+o3K77uWxG5c-00023-00005471-00005686 started learning about editing and I
+o3K77uWxG5c-00024-00005687-00005945 became pretty good at it at age 15 I got
+o3K77uWxG5c-00025-00005946-00006172 my first ever paying client who was
+o3K77uWxG5c-00026-00006173-00006370 paying me five hundred dollars per month
+o3K77uWxG5c-00027-00006371-00006653 for doing 30 Instagram short one minute
+o3K77uWxG5c-00028-00006654-00006917 videos for them at age 16 I got some
+o3K77uWxG5c-00029-00006918-00007120 more clients and managed to scale up my
+o3K77uWxG5c-00030-00007122-00007331 income more I got my first high paying
+o3K77uWxG5c-00031-00007331-00007655 client who was paying me 2.5 000 a month
+o3K77uWxG5c-00032-00007656-00007901 and I was doing daily Instagram videos
+o3K77uWxG5c-00033-00007902-00008207 and also Instagram photos for him but I
+o3K77uWxG5c-00034-00008208-00008519 was working 24 7 outside of school right
+o3K77uWxG5c-00035-00008520-00008777 at age 17 I hired my first ever team
+o3K77uWxG5c-00036-00008778-00008933 member who was helping me with
+o3K77uWxG5c-00037-00008934-00009119 delivering all this video editing work
+o3K77uWxG5c-00038-00009120-00009389 to clients and by age 18 I hit a six
+o3K77uWxG5c-00039-00009390-00009581 figure run rate with my old creative
+o3K77uWxG5c-00040-00009582-00009809 agents over these years I spent
+o3K77uWxG5c-00041-00009810-00010127 thousands and thousands of hours in the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00042-00010128-00010301 different editing softwares I was using
+o3K77uWxG5c-00043-00010302-00010685 I created you know probably 500 plus if
+o3K77uWxG5c-00044-00010686-00010903 not more YouTube videos in the meantime
+o3K77uWxG5c-00045-00010904-00011219 thumbnails short Instagram clips and so
+o3K77uWxG5c-00046-00011220-00011471 on I created a ton of content in this
+o3K77uWxG5c-00047-00011472-00011753 time period And I learned a lot about
+o3K77uWxG5c-00048-00011754-00011974 video editing itself but I have to tell
+o3K77uWxG5c-00049-00011975-00012256 you you becoming a video editor
+o3K77uWxG5c-00050-00012257-00012527 full-time is more about being good at
+o3K77uWxG5c-00051-00012528-00012749 also the business side of thing and
+o3K77uWxG5c-00052-00012750-00013049 being able to sell yourself then just
+o3K77uWxG5c-00053-00013050-00013253 learning video editing what are the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00054-00013254-00013457 requirements of becoming a freelance
+o3K77uWxG5c-00055-00013458-00013721 video editor well first of all you will
+o3K77uWxG5c-00056-00013722-00013913 need to have a computer that you can
+o3K77uWxG5c-00057-00013913-00014177 edit on now I assume a lot of you guys
+o3K77uWxG5c-00058-00014178-00014338 are already watching this from your
+o3K77uWxG5c-00059-00014340-00014566 laptops so if you have one that is
+o3K77uWxG5c-00060-00014568-00014801 capable of running a software like Adobe
+o3K77uWxG5c-00061-00014802-00015113 Premiere Pro or Final Cut Pro then you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00062-00015113-00015305 are probably good to go on that part the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00063-00015306-00015527 second requirement is obviously you need
+o3K77uWxG5c-00064-00015528-00015779 to know how to edit now this is
+o3K77uWxG5c-00065-00015780-00016001 something that I believe can be learned
+o3K77uWxG5c-00066-00016002-00016271 really well in the period of around six
+o3K77uWxG5c-00067-00016272-00016505 months I have a ton of videos about how
+o3K77uWxG5c-00068-00016506-00016750 to edit on my channel so go ahead check
+o3K77uWxG5c-00069-00016751-00016913 those out and in the future I'm going to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00070-00016914-00017099 be coming out with more and more content
+o3K77uWxG5c-00071-00017100-00017411 about how to edit and how to become
+o3K77uWxG5c-00072-00017412-00017572 really good at creating content
+o3K77uWxG5c-00073-00017573-00017825 especially for social media number three
+o3K77uWxG5c-00074-00017826-00018047 requirement is obviously you will need
+o3K77uWxG5c-00075-00018048-00018244 to have access to a video editing
+o3K77uWxG5c-00076-00018245-00018449 software so whether you are going to be
+o3K77uWxG5c-00077-00018450-00018713 using Adobe Premiere Pro Final Cut Pro
+o3K77uWxG5c-00078-00018714-00018911 or DaVinci Resolve it doesn't really
+o3K77uWxG5c-00079-00018912-00019091 matter all of these are amazing
+o3K77uWxG5c-00080-00019092-00019264 softwares and you can create amazing
+o3K77uWxG5c-00081-00019265-00019522 content with all of them but you know
+o3K77uWxG5c-00082-00019523-00019714 you got to start learning one of them at
+o3K77uWxG5c-00083-00019715-00019889 least I recommend starting out with
+o3K77uWxG5c-00084-00019890-00020075 Premiere Pro because it's one of those
+o3K77uWxG5c-00085-00020076-00020357 that is the most widely used but I heard
+o3K77uWxG5c-00086-00020358-00020549 a lot of amazing things about DaVinci
+o3K77uWxG5c-00087-00020550-00020741 Resolve as well and requirement number
+o3K77uWxG5c-00088-00020742-00020939 four is you need to learn at least the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00089-00020940-00021136 basic business principles you need to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00090-00021137-00021341 learn how to invoice clients you need to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00091-00021342-00021586 learn how to find prospects you need to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00092-00021587-00021869 learn how to reach out to prospects and
+o3K77uWxG5c-00093-00021870-00022127 how to get on sales calls with them and
+o3K77uWxG5c-00094-00022128-00022294 actually turn someone from someone who
+o3K77uWxG5c-00095-00022295-00022505 didn't even know about you someone who
+o3K77uWxG5c-00096-00022506-00022685 trusts you enough to buy your service
+o3K77uWxG5c-00097-00022686-00022972 now this is super important because
+o3K77uWxG5c-00098-00022973-00023272 there are a lot of freelance editors out
+o3K77uWxG5c-00099-00023273-00023567 there who create a profile on Fiverr and
+o3K77uWxG5c-00100-00023568-00023753 call it a day and they wonder why they
+o3K77uWxG5c-00101-00023754-00023944 are not getting any clients especially
+o3K77uWxG5c-00102-00023945-00024233 not any high-paying clients now this is
+o3K77uWxG5c-00103-00024234-00024407 the thing it's not enough to be a good
+o3K77uWxG5c-00104-00024408-00024599 editor nowadays you need to also learn
+o3K77uWxG5c-00105-00024600-00024922 how to sell your service so on my
+o3K77uWxG5c-00106-00024923-00025085 channel I actually have a ton of videos
+o3K77uWxG5c-00107-00025086-00025325 about this as well and I have a half an
+o3K77uWxG5c-00108-00025326-00025475 hour long video on this right here
+o3K77uWxG5c-00109-00025476-00025714 Channel which uh shows you my exact
+o3K77uWxG5c-00110-00025716-00025877 sales process as well so I'm going to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00111-00025877-00026020 link those in the description of this
+o3K77uWxG5c-00112-00026022-00026231 video but yeah that is requirement
+o3K77uWxG5c-00113-00026232-00026452 number four to learn the basic
+o3K77uWxG5c-00114-00026454-00026699 principles of business and how to get
+o3K77uWxG5c-00115-00026700-00026914 clients you really need to learn how to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00116-00026916-00027070 find people who you can sell your
+o3K77uWxG5c-00117-00027072-00027257 service to you need to learn how you can
+o3K77uWxG5c-00118-00027258-00027473 reach out to them how to craft messages
+o3K77uWxG5c-00119-00027474-00027761 that people that actually pique people's
+o3K77uWxG5c-00120-00027762-00027935 interest and make them want to work with
+o3K77uWxG5c-00121-00027936-00028114 you need to learn how to set up meetings
+o3K77uWxG5c-00122-00028116-00028289 with them and how to actually close them
+o3K77uWxG5c-00123-00028289-00028529 on the job now I want to talk a little
+o3K77uWxG5c-00124-00028530-00028774 bit about the pros and cons of becoming
+o3K77uWxG5c-00125-00028775-00028985 a freelance video editor some of the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00126-00028986-00029218 biggest Pros in my opinion are number
+o3K77uWxG5c-00127-00029219-00029470 one you get location Freedom right you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00128-00029472-00029687 are not tied down to one location you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00129-00029688-00029873 don't have to go into a nine to five job
+o3K77uWxG5c-00130-00029874-00030017 so that is definitely definitely
+o3K77uWxG5c-00131-00030018-00030185 something that a lot of people will
+o3K77uWxG5c-00132-00030186-00030401 really enjoy the second Pro is you get
+o3K77uWxG5c-00133-00030402-00030593 to choose your own hours right you are
+o3K77uWxG5c-00134-00030594-00030749 you don't have a boss who's telling you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00135-00030750-00030929 you have to come in at this exact time
+o3K77uWxG5c-00136-00030930-00031162 and leave at this exact time you get to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00137-00031163-00031324 choose your own hours so if you prefer
+o3K77uWxG5c-00138-00031325-00031523 to work late into the night you can do
+o3K77uWxG5c-00139-00031524-00031762 that or if you prefer to get all your
+o3K77uWxG5c-00140-00031763-00032062 work done by noon and then do whatever
+o3K77uWxG5c-00141-00032063-00032249 you want the rest of the day you also
+o3K77uWxG5c-00142-00032250-00032423 get to do that so you get a lot of
+o3K77uWxG5c-00143-00032424-00032645 freedom and flexibility becoming a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00144-00032645-00032861 freelancer and number three there is no
+o3K77uWxG5c-00145-00032862-00033137 real cap on your income as long as you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00146-00033138-00033335 keep raising your prices and becoming
+o3K77uWxG5c-00147-00033336-00033551 better and better or as long as you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00148-00033552-00033815 transition into a creative agency and
+o3K77uWxG5c-00149-00033816-00034049 decide to build an actual business where
+o3K77uWxG5c-00150-00034050-00034301 your earning potential is not directly
+o3K77uWxG5c-00151-00034302-00034546 tied to your time now moving on to some
+o3K77uWxG5c-00152-00034547-00034762 of the cons of being a freelance editor
+o3K77uWxG5c-00153-00034763-00034985 number one you have to discipline
+o3K77uWxG5c-00154-00034986-00035177 yourself this is something that most
+o3K77uWxG5c-00155-00035178-00035321 people are going to struggle with
+o3K77uWxG5c-00156-00035322-00035602 immensely because it's very hard to do
+o3K77uWxG5c-00157-00035603-00035818 something when there isn't someone who's
+o3K77uWxG5c-00158-00035819-00036059 going to be shouting at issue that you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00159-00036060-00036257 need to do it and get it done on time
+o3K77uWxG5c-00160-00036258-00036509 it's very hard to discipline yourself to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00161-00036510-00036749 do Outreach to get clients and also to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00162-00036750-00036989 get projects done on time so if you are
+o3K77uWxG5c-00163-00036990-00037157 not the kind of person who can
+o3K77uWxG5c-00164-00037158-00037349 discipline yourself or if you are not
+o3K77uWxG5c-00165-00037350-00037552 determined to become more disciplined
+o3K77uWxG5c-00166-00037553-00037757 over time well this might not be the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00167-00037758-00037961 thing for you con number two is it's
+o3K77uWxG5c-00168-00037962-00038255 easy to overwork yourself and basically
+o3K77uWxG5c-00169-00038256-00038507 not have any free time left on if you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00170-00038508-00038789 are not disciplined right it's very hard
+o3K77uWxG5c-00171-00038790-00039052 to stay productive and get things done
+o3K77uWxG5c-00172-00039053-00039280 on time again it kind of ties back to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00173-00039281-00039557 point number one but if you can't get
+o3K77uWxG5c-00174-00039558-00039845 yourself to do things on time then you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00175-00039846-00039983 might find yourself not really having
+o3K77uWxG5c-00176-00039984-00040295 any free time and work just keeps piling
+o3K77uWxG5c-00177-00040296-00040565 up and con number three is you have to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00178-00040566-00040774 find your own clients they are not going
+o3K77uWxG5c-00179-00040775-00040990 to be handed to you on a silver platter
+o3K77uWxG5c-00180-00040991-00041261 right you have to go and and hunt for
+o3K77uWxG5c-00181-00041262-00041489 the money that you make whereas with a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00182-00041490-00041687 job you know you will get a fixed salary
+o3K77uWxG5c-00183-00041688-00041957 every month it has a lot more
+o3K77uWxG5c-00184-00041958-00042245 security to it with freelancing you will
+o3K77uWxG5c-00185-00042246-00042437 have to find your own clients and hunt
+o3K77uWxG5c-00186-00042438-00042683 for your own meal quote unquote every
+o3K77uWxG5c-00187-00042684-00043018 single month now you can do things the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00188-00043019-00043235 smart way and get clients on monthly
+o3K77uWxG5c-00189-00043236-00043379 retainers so you have a lot more
+o3K77uWxG5c-00190-00043380-00043637 stability in your income but in general
+o3K77uWxG5c-00191-00043638-00043846 it's a lot more unstable than just
+o3K77uWxG5c-00192-00043847-00044039 having a nine-to-five job so how would I
+o3K77uWxG5c-00193-00044040-00044218 go about getting my first ever paid
+o3K77uWxG5c-00194-00044219-00044555 client today in this day and age if I
+o3K77uWxG5c-00195-00044556-00044765 were to just start out right let's
+o3K77uWxG5c-00196-00044766-00044957 assume that I already have a good base
+o3K77uWxG5c-00197-00044958-00045196 knowledge of editing and I can already
+o3K77uWxG5c-00198-00045197-00045455 create very good work the number one
+o3K77uWxG5c-00199-00045456-00045671 thing I would do is I would choose a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00200-00045672-00045905 niche that I'm going to be selling to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00201-00045906-00046180 right what most editors do is they just
+o3K77uWxG5c-00202-00046181-00046427 try to appeal to every single person out
+o3K77uWxG5c-00203-00046428-00046577 there and they try to work with
+o3K77uWxG5c-00204-00046578-00046780 basically whoever is willing to give
+o3K77uWxG5c-00205-00046781-00046973 them money although I totally understand
+o3K77uWxG5c-00206-00046974-00047158 this approach and why you would go about
+o3K77uWxG5c-00207-00047159-00047393 it this way but this is not the best way
+o3K77uWxG5c-00208-00047394-00047615 to do it the best way to do it is to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00209-00047616-00047818 choose a specific group of people who
+o3K77uWxG5c-00210-00047819-00047999 you want to help and becoming a a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00211-00048000-00048215 specialist that only helps them you're
+o3K77uWxG5c-00212-00048216-00048371 going to be able to charge a lot more
+o3K77uWxG5c-00213-00048372-00048580 for your services and also people are
+o3K77uWxG5c-00214-00048581-00048767 going to trust you a lot more because
+o3K77uWxG5c-00215-00048768-00049018 you are a specialist that only helps
+o3K77uWxG5c-00216-00049019-00049205 their problems for example if you want
+o3K77uWxG5c-00217-00049206-00049427 it you could just be helping YouTubers
+o3K77uWxG5c-00218-00049428-00049661 edit their videos or you could be just
+o3K77uWxG5c-00219-00049662-00049967 helping little restaurants to grow their
+o3K77uWxG5c-00220-00049968-00050183 business and create content for them you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00221-00050184-00050345 could be working just with beverage
+o3K77uWxG5c-00222-00050346-00050561 companies with just e-commerce Brands
+o3K77uWxG5c-00223-00050562-00050771 and creating ads for them editing ads
+o3K77uWxG5c-00224-00050772-00050927 for them right there are so many
+o3K77uWxG5c-00225-00050928-00051112 directions you can go in you could work
+o3K77uWxG5c-00226-00051113-00051340 with real estate agents but if you just
+o3K77uWxG5c-00227-00051341-00051575 specialize in on one of them then you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00228-00051576-00051779 are going to be able to build an amazing
+o3K77uWxG5c-00229-00051779-00052096 portfolio a lot faster and also with
+o3K77uWxG5c-00230-00052097-00052366 your messaging and your website and
+o3K77uWxG5c-00231-00052367-00052571 everything you are able to cater towards
+o3K77uWxG5c-00232-00052572-00052799 just that group of people so you can
+o3K77uWxG5c-00233-00052800-00052973 speak their language and they are going
+o3K77uWxG5c-00234-00052974-00053182 to trust you a lot more immediately the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00235-00053183-00053303 second thing I would do is I would
+o3K77uWxG5c-00236-00053304-00053549 create a specific offer that has a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00237-00053550-00053735 guarantee behind it that you know
+o3K77uWxG5c-00238-00053736-00053999 obviously includes video editing and I
+o3K77uWxG5c-00239-00054000-00054137 would make maybe a couple of different
+o3K77uWxG5c-00240-00054138-00054388 packages and tiers based on how much
+o3K77uWxG5c-00241-00054389-00054575 content and how much video editing they
+o3K77uWxG5c-00242-00054576-00054737 want each month now the thing you want
+o3K77uWxG5c-00243-00054738-00054965 to focus on is let's say if you are
+o3K77uWxG5c-00244-00054966-00055132 selling you know video editing and also
+o3K77uWxG5c-00245-00055133-00055325 some social media services around that
+o3K77uWxG5c-00246-00055326-00055594 maybe to your business you want to hit
+o3K77uWxG5c-00247-00055595-00055804 all the main pain points that they have
+o3K77uWxG5c-00248-00055805-00056038 and offer solutions for them so for
+o3K77uWxG5c-00249-00056039-00056279 example if they don't know what to make
+o3K77uWxG5c-00250-00056279-00056500 videos on right you can give them
+o3K77uWxG5c-00251-00056501-00056711 research video ideas you will do the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00252-00056712-00056842 editing for them you can do the
+o3K77uWxG5c-00253-00056844-00057047 uploading for them you will do the SEO
+o3K77uWxG5c-00254-00057048-00057275 for them uh you know whatever you can
+o3K77uWxG5c-00255-00057276-00057419 think of that could be a potential
+o3K77uWxG5c-00256-00057420-00057707 problem that takes them time to do you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00257-00057708-00057935 could provide that in your service and
+o3K77uWxG5c-00258-00057936-00058169 in terms of your guarantee you could you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00259-00058170-00058342 know offer an unlimited revision
+o3K77uWxG5c-00260-00058344-00058504 guarantee to make sure that they're
+o3K77uWxG5c-00261-00058505-00058738 going to be happy with whatever content
+o3K77uWxG5c-00262-00058739-00059003 they are getting or you could guarantee
+o3K77uWxG5c-00263-00059004-00059188 them that until they get x amount of
+o3K77uWxG5c-00264-00059189-00059380 views from your content or x amount of
+o3K77uWxG5c-00265-00059382-00059692 followers you know they can get a refund
+o3K77uWxG5c-00266-00059694-00059891 or you will keep working with them for
+o3K77uWxG5c-00267-00059891-00060076 free whatever there are so many ways to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00268-00060077-00060250 use structure guarantees as well this
+o3K77uWxG5c-00269-00060251-00060466 could be a whole video on its own but I
+o3K77uWxG5c-00270-00060467-00060654 would definitely create an offer
+o3K77uWxG5c-00271-00060655-00060892 specifically for this group of people
+o3K77uWxG5c-00272-00060894-00061091 that I would be selling to them now
+o3K77uWxG5c-00273-00061091-00061366 after this I would go and start doing
+o3K77uWxG5c-00274-00061367-00061691 Outreach first I would start finding
+o3K77uWxG5c-00275-00061691-00061900 people who could be good potential fits
+o3K77uWxG5c-00276-00061901-00062225 for my service and then once I have a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00277-00062226-00062554 list of at least 100 to 500 people I
+o3K77uWxG5c-00278-00062555-00062879 would start sending out 30 outreaches a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00279-00062879-00063173 day 50 outreaches a day and going ham on
+o3K77uWxG5c-00280-00063174-00063365 that and with these Outreach messages
+o3K77uWxG5c-00281-00063366-00063635 whether that be through email LinkedIn
+o3K77uWxG5c-00282-00063636-00063929 Facebook Instagram my main goal would be
+o3K77uWxG5c-00283-00063929-00064211 to get on a one-on-one meeting with them
+o3K77uWxG5c-00284-00064212-00064397 where I could explain how I could help
+o3K77uWxG5c-00285-00064398-00064654 them and eventually try to close them on
+o3K77uWxG5c-00286-00064655-00064847 my services now I would also follow up
+o3K77uWxG5c-00287-00064848-00065026 with all these people so since not
+o3K77uWxG5c-00288-00065027-00065188 everybody is going to respond to your
+o3K77uWxG5c-00289-00065189-00065416 emails and messages for those people who
+o3K77uWxG5c-00290-00065417-00065621 didn't respond I would keep sending them
+o3K77uWxG5c-00291-00065622-00065861 more and more emails until they either
+o3K77uWxG5c-00292-00065862-00066023 tell me that they don't want to work
+o3K77uWxG5c-00293-00066024-00066299 with me or until they decide to get on a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00294-00066300-00066455 call with them once you send out a ton
+o3K77uWxG5c-00295-00066456-00066617 of these messages you are eventually
+o3K77uWxG5c-00296-00066618-00066797 going to start getting some meetings
+o3K77uWxG5c-00297-00066798-00067121 these meetings will usually take a place
+o3K77uWxG5c-00298-00067122-00067481 through zoom on the internet and you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00299-00067482-00067673 will you know try to sell them on your
+o3K77uWxG5c-00300-00067674-00068069 service on this call and on those calls
+o3K77uWxG5c-00301-00068070-00068243 you can actually take payment from them
+o3K77uWxG5c-00302-00068244-00068447 through stripe or PayPal or anything
+o3K77uWxG5c-00303-00068448-00068693 like that and boom that's uh you know
+o3K77uWxG5c-00304-00068694-00068831 that could be your first five hundred
+o3K77uWxG5c-00305-00068832-00069094 dollars thousand dollars I actually have
+o3K77uWxG5c-00306-00069095-00069329 a paid group with a friend of mine where
+o3K77uWxG5c-00307-00069330-00069593 we help other like people to get clients
+o3K77uWxG5c-00308-00069594-00069785 for video editing and you see I'm just
+o3K77uWxG5c-00309-00069786-00070006 going to pop some messages up that this
+o3K77uWxG5c-00310-00070007-00070175 process that I just explained to you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00311-00070176-00070361 really works if you are willing to put
+o3K77uWxG5c-00312-00070362-00070613 in the work uh and it is really possible
+o3K77uWxG5c-00313-00070614-00070841 you know to make a full-time living in
+o3K77uWxG5c-00314-00070842-00071093 2023 and Beyond from video editing there
+o3K77uWxG5c-00315-00071094-00071369 is more of a need for it than ever so if
+o3K77uWxG5c-00316-00071370-00071555 you have been thinking about becoming a
+o3K77uWxG5c-00317-00071556-00071717 freelance editor you know learning
+o3K77uWxG5c-00318-00071718-00071926 content creation there is no better
+o3K77uWxG5c-00319-00071927-00072203 better time to do it than now so if you
+o3K77uWxG5c-00320-00072204-00072413 are going to be on this journey I wish
+o3K77uWxG5c-00321-00072414-00072611 you all the best my friend if you want
+o3K77uWxG5c-00322-00072612-00072850 to see more content about how to do
+o3K77uWxG5c-00323-00072851-00073067 video editing or how to get clients for
+o3K77uWxG5c-00324-00073068-00073265 it give my channel a subscribe I really
+o3K77uWxG5c-00325-00073266-00073463 appreciate it I will try my best to
+o3K77uWxG5c-00326-00073464-00073643 bring you as much value through this
+o3K77uWxG5c-00327-00073644-00073888 channel as possible throughout the whole
+o3K77uWxG5c-00328-00073889-00074231 of 2023 and I wish you guys all the best
+o3K77uWxG5c-00329-00074232-00074551 and see you in the next one
+o4AVV1tJZ3y-00000-00000043-00000559 [Music]
+o4AVV1tJZ3y-00001-00000560-00002102 baby
+o4AVV1tJZ3y-00002-00002103-00002883 [Music]
+o4AVV1tJZ3y-00003-00002884-00003332 oh oh
+o7BQRZsobi4-00000-00002743-00002926 ok so um
+o7BQRZsobi4-00001-00002927-00003166 what i am going to do now is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00002-00003167-00003311 to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00003-00003311-00003431 try to tell you
+o7BQRZsobi4-00004-00003432-00003622 about
+o7BQRZsobi4-00005-00003623-00003751 one of the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00006-00003752-00003895 important applications of the implicit
+o7BQRZsobi4-00007-00003896-00004015 function theorem
+o7BQRZsobi4-00008-00004015-00004247 which is to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00009-00004248-00004654 look at
+o7BQRZsobi4-00010-00004655-00004822 the zero locus
+o7BQRZsobi4-00011-00004823-00005022 of a function of two variables as
+o7BQRZsobi4-00012-00005023-00005159 riemann surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00013-00005160-00005247 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00014-00005248-00005359 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00015-00005360-00005551 ah of course with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00016-00005552-00005735 suitable conditions on the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00017-00005736-00006031 on the function of two variables ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00018-00006032-00006111 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00019-00006112-00006254 of course here i mean function of two
+o7BQRZsobi4-00020-00006255-00006463 complex variables ok because that is the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00021-00006464-00006663 kind of function that we
+o7BQRZsobi4-00022-00006664-00006798 dealt with when we did the implicit
+o7BQRZsobi4-00023-00006800-00006942 function theorem
+o7BQRZsobi4-00024-00006943-00007270 so ah so this recalls this this requires
+o7BQRZsobi4-00025-00007272-00007567 ah you know ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00026-00007568-00007767 trying to tell you what riemann surfaces
+o7BQRZsobi4-00027-00007768-00007951 so that something that i will have to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00028-00007952-00008319 quickly recall for you ok so ah so let
+o7BQRZsobi4-00029-00008320-00008391 me
+o7BQRZsobi4-00030-00008392-00008483 explain
+o7BQRZsobi4-00031-00008484-00008671 that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00032-00008672-00008807 so you see
+o7BQRZsobi4-00033-00008808-00009183 ah so i
+o7BQRZsobi4-00034-00009184-00009751 so i must say the following thing
+o7BQRZsobi4-00035-00009752-00010039 there is a in this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00036-00010040-00010374 in this same
+o7BQRZsobi4-00037-00010375-00010599 nptel program under which we have we are
+o7BQRZsobi4-00038-00010600-00010774 having this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00039-00010775-00011063 this course there is another set of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00040-00011064-00011238 lectures for another course
+o7BQRZsobi4-00041-00011239-00011487 on riemann surfaces which i have given
+o7BQRZsobi4-00042-00011488-00011742 and there you will find ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00043-00011743-00011887 detailed exposition about rayman
+o7BQRZsobi4-00044-00011888-00012174 surfaces ok so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00045-00012175-00012542 one can i i mean you can refer to that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00046-00012543-00012735 when you want more details but i will
+o7BQRZsobi4-00047-00012736-00012951 try to be as brief as possible
+o7BQRZsobi4-00048-00012952-00013255 and to just give you an idea of ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00049-00013256-00013694 the kind of things that we need ok so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00050-00013695-00013791 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00051-00013791-00013927 see
+o7BQRZsobi4-00052-00013928-00015238 what is the idea of raymond surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00053-00015240-00015383 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00054-00015384-00015815 so what is that so the so the the aim is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00055-00015816-00015894 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00056-00015895-00015999 to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00057-00016000-00016183 take
+o7BQRZsobi4-00058-00016184-00016639 a real surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00059-00016640-00017047 ah say ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00060-00017048-00017479 like the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00061-00017480-00017583 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00062-00017584-00017975 say cylinder
+o7BQRZsobi4-00063-00017976-00018055 or
+o7BQRZsobi4-00064-00018056-00018127 or
+o7BQRZsobi4-00065-00018128-00018399 torus
+o7BQRZsobi4-00066-00018400-00018767 or sphere
+o7BQRZsobi4-00067-00018768-00018886 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00068-00018887-00019079 in
+o7BQRZsobi4-00069-00019080-00019311 r3
+o7BQRZsobi4-00070-00019312-00019535 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00071-00019536-00019863 try to do
+o7BQRZsobi4-00072-00019864-00020439 complex analysis
+o7BQRZsobi4-00073-00020440-00020639 on it
+o7BQRZsobi4-00074-00020640-00020783 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00075-00020784-00021007 so ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00076-00021008-00021143 so the idea is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00077-00021144-00021319 well
+o7BQRZsobi4-00078-00021320-00021622 you have for example
+o7BQRZsobi4-00079-00021623-00021758 a cylinder
+o7BQRZsobi4-00080-00021759-00021975 of course by cylindrica in infinite
+o7BQRZsobi4-00081-00021976-00022358 cylinder
+o7BQRZsobi4-00082-00022359-00022478 which is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00083-00022479-00022647 which for example you can think of as s
+o7BQRZsobi4-00084-00022648-00022991 1 cross r
+o7BQRZsobi4-00085-00022992-00023407 s 1 is the unit circle
+o7BQRZsobi4-00086-00023408-00023671 unit circle cross
+o7BQRZsobi4-00087-00023672-00023919 a copy of the rail line
+o7BQRZsobi4-00088-00023920-00024094 will give you a cylinder
+o7BQRZsobi4-00089-00024095-00024214 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00090-00024215-00024327 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00091-00024328-00024583 and then you can also think of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00092-00024584-00024742 the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00093-00024743-00025014 2 sphere
+o7BQRZsobi4-00094-00025015-00025311 s2
+o7BQRZsobi4-00095-00025312-00025950 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00096-00025951-00026062 which is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00097-00026063-00026174 i mean
+o7BQRZsobi4-00098-00026175-00026367 this is the two sphere in
+o7BQRZsobi4-00099-00026368-00026590 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00100-00026591-00026711 three space
+o7BQRZsobi4-00101-00026712-00026983 all right or you can
+o7BQRZsobi4-00102-00026983-00027831 think of also the torus
+o7BQRZsobi4-00103-00027832-00028118 which is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00104-00028119-00028262 t two
+o7BQRZsobi4-00105-00028263-00028351 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00106-00028352-00028599 which is actually ah well
+o7BQRZsobi4-00107-00028600-00028799 this is this is the same as s one cross
+o7BQRZsobi4-00108-00028800-00029190 s one
+o7BQRZsobi4-00109-00029191-00029343 by by
+o7BQRZsobi4-00110-00029344-00029527 by that i mean it is homeomorphic to s
+o7BQRZsobi4-00111-00029527-00029718 one cross s one ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00112-00029719-00030062 so these are all ah you know surfaces
+o7BQRZsobi4-00113-00030063-00030279 that we can imagine
+o7BQRZsobi4-00114-00030280-00030462 sitting inside r three
+o7BQRZsobi4-00115-00030463-00030727 three dimensional real space ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00116-00030727-00030935 and ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00117-00030936-00031055 the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00118-00031056-00031358 the point is you if you take any point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00119-00031360-00031567 on such a surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00120-00031568-00031927 and take a small disk like neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00121-00031927-00032239 then you can its its homeomorphic to a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00122-00032239-00032511 disk in the plane okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00123-00032512-00032767 it looks like a disc on the plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00124-00032768-00033007 so you know if i if i take a point here
+o7BQRZsobi4-00125-00033008-00033174 and then i draw
+o7BQRZsobi4-00126-00033175-00033383 i cut out a disc like a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00127-00033384-00033662 neighborhood from it and flatten it i
+o7BQRZsobi4-00128-00033663-00033839 get a disc on the plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00129-00033840-00034102 i can do the same thing to a point here
+o7BQRZsobi4-00130-00034103-00034327 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00131-00034328-00034502 and i can do the same thing to a point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00132-00034503-00034679 here
+o7BQRZsobi4-00133-00034680-00034846 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00134-00034847-00035223 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00135-00035224-00035518 ah of course the surface is curved
+o7BQRZsobi4-00136-00035519-00035718 but if you take a point on the surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00137-00035719-00036102 and you take a small
+o7BQRZsobi4-00138-00036103-00036295 neighborhood about that point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00139-00036296-00036543 and you flatten it
+o7BQRZsobi4-00140-00036544-00036807 ah then it looks like a disc
+o7BQRZsobi4-00141-00036808-00037015 ah or a neighborhood of a point on the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00142-00037016-00037287 plane all right and what is the aim the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00143-00037288-00037527 aim is i one would like to do complex
+o7BQRZsobi4-00144-00037528-00037702 analysis on the surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00145-00037703-00037799 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00146-00037800-00037895 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00147-00037896-00038127 what do what do i mean by
+o7BQRZsobi4-00148-00038128-00038318 doing complex analysis
+o7BQRZsobi4-00149-00038319-00038399 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00150-00038400-00038767 ah well
+o7BQRZsobi4-00151-00038768-00038967 by doing complex analysis i mean
+o7BQRZsobi4-00152-00038968-00039199 define ah the notion of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00153-00039200-00039287 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00154-00039288-00039487 what a holomorphic function is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00155-00039488-00039630 define the notion of what an analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00156-00039631-00039830 function is and then study properties of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00157-00039831-00040062 analytic functions try to prove lots of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00158-00040063-00040311 nice theorems about analytic functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-00159-00040312-00040430 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00160-00040431-00040639 more importantly ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00161-00040640-00040759 try to see
+o7BQRZsobi4-00162-00040760-00040958 how the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00163-00040959-00041174 properties of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00164-00041175-00041439 atlantic or homomorphic functions change
+o7BQRZsobi4-00165-00041440-00041615 as the object changes
+o7BQRZsobi4-00166-00041616-00041807 so you expect holomorphic functions on
+o7BQRZsobi4-00167-00041808-00041902 this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00168-00041903-00042118 to have something to do with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00169-00042119-00042335 the fact that there is a cylinder
+o7BQRZsobi4-00170-00042336-00042446 you do not expect the holomorphy
+o7BQRZsobi4-00171-00042447-00042646 functions from this this to be the same
+o7BQRZsobi4-00172-00042647-00042918 as the phonomorphic functions on this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00173-00042919-00043127 at least the underlying
+o7BQRZsobi4-00174-00043128-00043487 objects are different so you expect some
+o7BQRZsobi4-00175-00043488-00043615 you expect this difference to show up
+o7BQRZsobi4-00176-00043616-00043767 somehow when you study holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00177-00043768-00043990 functions so the aim is that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00178-00043991-00044127 you
+o7BQRZsobi4-00179-00044128-00044358 in trying to do complex analysis you try
+o7BQRZsobi4-00180-00044359-00044439 to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00181-00044440-00044679 define and study holomorphic functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-00182-00044680-00044839 on each of these
+o7BQRZsobi4-00183-00044840-00045118 surfaces and then you try to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00184-00045119-00045318 see whether
+o7BQRZsobi4-00185-00045319-00045527 analyzing such functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-00186-00045528-00045743 gives you some information about
+o7BQRZsobi4-00187-00045744-00045990 the geometry of these objects
+o7BQRZsobi4-00188-00045991-00046095 and thus
+o7BQRZsobi4-00189-00046096-00046302 ah for example
+o7BQRZsobi4-00190-00046303-00046518 distinguishing these objects
+o7BQRZsobi4-00191-00046519-00046967 okay so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00192-00046968-00047215 the sphere has
+o7BQRZsobi4-00193-00047216-00047335 among three
+o7BQRZsobi4-00194-00047336-00047502 these two are special
+o7BQRZsobi4-00195-00047503-00047718 when compared to this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00196-00047719-00047927 in the sense that they are compact
+o7BQRZsobi4-00197-00047928-00048095 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00198-00048096-00048174 because
+o7BQRZsobi4-00199-00048175-00048295 these two are
+o7BQRZsobi4-00200-00048296-00048511 both closed and bounded subsets of r
+o7BQRZsobi4-00201-00048512-00048590 three
+o7BQRZsobi4-00202-00048591-00048807 so they they compact
+o7BQRZsobi4-00203-00048808-00048943 all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00204-00048944-00049230 um whereas this isn't this is a this is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00205-00049231-00049407 an infinite cylinder
+o7BQRZsobi4-00206-00049408-00049599 ok its not bounded
+o7BQRZsobi4-00207-00049600-00049790 and you know a subset of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00208-00049791-00049983 ah euclidean space is compact if and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00209-00049984-00050199 only if its closed and bounded so this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00210-00050200-00050367 is certainly close but its not bounded
+o7BQRZsobi4-00211-00050368-00050567 ok so this is not compact
+o7BQRZsobi4-00212-00050568-00050655 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00213-00050656-00050830 therefore you know
+o7BQRZsobi4-00214-00050831-00051055 so these are topological properties
+o7BQRZsobi4-00215-00051056-00051535 then you have
+o7BQRZsobi4-00216-00051536-00051702 many other properties
+o7BQRZsobi4-00217-00051703-00051870 for example some other topological
+o7BQRZsobi4-00218-00051871-00052079 properties
+o7BQRZsobi4-00219-00052079-00052214 for example
+o7BQRZsobi4-00220-00052215-00052454 among the the among the three this is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00221-00052455-00052542 the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00222-00052544-00052782 surface that is simply connected
+o7BQRZsobi4-00223-00052783-00052950 the notion of a simply connected surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00224-00052951-00053182 is the property that you
+o7BQRZsobi4-00225-00053183-00053382 take a loop on that surface then you can
+o7BQRZsobi4-00226-00053383-00053679 continuously shrink that loop to a point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00227-00053679-00053959 without going away from the surface okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00228-00053960-00054166 and you can see that i can do this on
+o7BQRZsobi4-00229-00054167-00054294 the sphere
+o7BQRZsobi4-00230-00054295-00054511 i cannot do this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00231-00054512-00054791 always on a torus because you know if i
+o7BQRZsobi4-00232-00054791-00055038 take a loop that goes around
+o7BQRZsobi4-00233-00055039-00055303 ah the tube like thing
+o7BQRZsobi4-00234-00055304-00055399 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00235-00055400-00055599 ah that makes up the torus
+o7BQRZsobi4-00236-00055600-00055879 then i can never shrink it to a point ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00237-00055879-00056082 similarly if i take a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00238-00056083-00056399 ah a loop like this i can never shrink
+o7BQRZsobi4-00239-00056400-00056687 it because of the hole in between ok so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00240-00056688-00056863 ah this is not simply connected whereas
+o7BQRZsobi4-00241-00056864-00057087 this is simply connected and similarly
+o7BQRZsobi4-00242-00057088-00057223 this is not simply connected because if
+o7BQRZsobi4-00243-00057224-00057326 i take a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00244-00057327-00057542 loop that goes around
+o7BQRZsobi4-00245-00057544-00057830 ah because of the hole in between
+o7BQRZsobi4-00246-00057832-00058079 i can never shrink it to a point on the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00247-00058079-00058430 surface without leaving the surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00248-00058432-00058694 so ah so this has these two are compact
+o7BQRZsobi4-00249-00058695-00058830 this is not compact this is simply
+o7BQRZsobi4-00250-00058832-00058975 connected this is not simply connected
+o7BQRZsobi4-00251-00058976-00059230 this is not simply connected ok so there
+o7BQRZsobi4-00252-00059232-00059375 are so many topological properties and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00253-00059376-00059591 then
+o7BQRZsobi4-00254-00059591-00059679 and then
+o7BQRZsobi4-00255-00059679-00059799 there are
+o7BQRZsobi4-00256-00059800-00060007 i mean you can go on to do some kind of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00257-00060008-00060263 differential geometry ok where you try
+o7BQRZsobi4-00258-00060264-00060438 to ah study
+o7BQRZsobi4-00259-00060439-00060591 the curvature
+o7BQRZsobi4-00260-00060591-00060759 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00261-00060760-00061038 of your object okay then you know that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00262-00061039-00061135 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00263-00061136-00061287 if i if i draw
+o7BQRZsobi4-00264-00061288-00061494 the sphere has a constant curvature all
+o7BQRZsobi4-00265-00061495-00061575 right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00266-00061576-00061782 and then
+o7BQRZsobi4-00267-00061783-00062030 if you look at the torus
+o7BQRZsobi4-00268-00062032-00062206 it depends on
+o7BQRZsobi4-00269-00062207-00062326 you know
+o7BQRZsobi4-00270-00062327-00062550 what kind of curves i take
+o7BQRZsobi4-00271-00062551-00062750 on the torus all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00272-00062751-00062950 so there are a lot of things that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00273-00062951-00063126 geometrically you can do on these things
+o7BQRZsobi4-00274-00063127-00063391 on on these objects and you
+o7BQRZsobi4-00275-00063391-00063606 the question is always
+o7BQRZsobi4-00276-00063607-00063863 to analyze to see how when you analyze
+o7BQRZsobi4-00277-00063864-00064063 functions on these objects how
+o7BQRZsobi4-00278-00064064-00064238 properties of functions reflect these
+o7BQRZsobi4-00279-00064239-00064423 geometric properties
+o7BQRZsobi4-00280-00064424-00064703 see that is the whole quest of ah doing
+o7BQRZsobi4-00281-00064704-00064966 analysis with geometry in mind okay so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00282-00064967-00065142 we always try to do analysis with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00283-00065144-00065294 geometry in mind
+o7BQRZsobi4-00284-00065295-00065447 namely you try to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00285-00065448-00065647 do analysis on an object
+o7BQRZsobi4-00286-00065648-00065887 which means study functions or an object
+o7BQRZsobi4-00287-00065888-00066071 and then try to see how properties of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00288-00066072-00066287 these functions somehow bring out the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00289-00066288-00066415 geometric
+o7BQRZsobi4-00290-00066416-00066647 ah properties of the object a job by
+o7BQRZsobi4-00291-00066648-00066838 geometric properties one means of course
+o7BQRZsobi4-00292-00066839-00067135 topological and ah much more complicated
+o7BQRZsobi4-00293-00067136-00067431 ah structures on the object ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00294-00067432-00067543 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00295-00067544-00067775 fine so the so the aim is to do complex
+o7BQRZsobi4-00296-00067776-00067919 analysis
+o7BQRZsobi4-00297-00067920-00068159 on these objects or more generally you
+o7BQRZsobi4-00298-00068160-00068455 know i could just think of some
+o7BQRZsobi4-00299-00068456-00068582 some ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00300-00068583-00068719 surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00301-00068720-00068999 ah in in three dimensional space
+o7BQRZsobi4-00302-00069000-00069111 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00303-00069112-00069367 you can think of a surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00304-00069368-00069543 like ah the surface of a wave if you
+o7BQRZsobi4-00305-00069544-00069638 want
+o7BQRZsobi4-00306-00069639-00069782 okay a smooth wave
+o7BQRZsobi4-00307-00069783-00069967 and then well if i take a point on that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00308-00069968-00070271 surface and then you take a small
+o7BQRZsobi4-00309-00070272-00070503 disc like neighborhood about that point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00310-00070504-00070735 then the question is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00311-00070736-00070926 you can flatten this out and it will
+o7BQRZsobi4-00312-00070927-00071199 again look like a point on the plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00313-00071200-00071519 and then
+o7BQRZsobi4-00314-00071520-00071662 you can ask
+o7BQRZsobi4-00315-00071663-00071950 ah how to do complex analysis on this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00316-00071951-00072223 so the aim is ah i'll have to define
+o7BQRZsobi4-00317-00072224-00072415 what is meant by a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00318-00072416-00072655 an analytic function
+o7BQRZsobi4-00319-00072656-00072919 at a point okay so to begin with i have
+o7BQRZsobi4-00320-00072920-00073199 to define ah the notion of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00321-00073200-00073406 when a function
+o7BQRZsobi4-00322-00073407-00073615 is analytic at a given point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00323-00073616-00073799 and then
+o7BQRZsobi4-00324-00073800-00073911 if i
+o7BQRZsobi4-00325-00073912-00074047 then i can use that definition to say
+o7BQRZsobi4-00326-00074048-00074262 when it is analytic on an open subset
+o7BQRZsobi4-00327-00074263-00074535 okay and then i can also use that to say
+o7BQRZsobi4-00328-00074536-00074743 when it is analytic on the whole surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00329-00074744-00074855 in this way i will get analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00330-00074856-00075023 functions on the whole surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00331-00075024-00075159 and then i study all these analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00332-00075160-00075415 functions i study their properties
+o7BQRZsobi4-00333-00075416-00075615 and they the final hope is that when i
+o7BQRZsobi4-00334-00075616-00076006 study the properties of these functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-00335-00076007-00076182 that should bring about that should
+o7BQRZsobi4-00336-00076183-00076406 bring out some
+o7BQRZsobi4-00337-00076407-00076799 geometry hidden in the surface ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00338-00076800-00076926 so some of the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00339-00076927-00077143 geometry should be captured by that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00340-00077144-00077350 so the aim is therefore
+o7BQRZsobi4-00341-00077351-00077567 if you give me a surface like this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00342-00077568-00077799 how do i ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00343-00077800-00077975 define an analytic function at a point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00344-00077976-00078087 of the surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00345-00078088-00078238 ok so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00346-00078239-00078494 so let us look at the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00347-00078495-00078662 let us look at the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00348-00078663-00078847 natural way to do this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00349-00078848-00079079 ok the natural way to do with this is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00350-00079080-00079319 well ah so here is my
+o7BQRZsobi4-00351-00079320-00079487 surface x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00352-00079488-00079631 all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00353-00079632-00079838 x you could think of x to be either the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00354-00079839-00080094 cylinder or the sphere or the torus ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00355-00080095-00080287 and there is a point p
+o7BQRZsobi4-00356-00080288-00080431 that is this point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00357-00080432-00080606 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00358-00080607-00080838 p on this on the surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00359-00080839-00080935 all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00360-00080936-00081215 ah maybe i i use small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00361-00081216-00081350 because the surface is denoted by
+o7BQRZsobi4-00362-00081351-00081462 capital x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00363-00081463-00081750 and then i have this i have this ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00364-00081751-00081894 i'll call this as
+o7BQRZsobi4-00365-00081895-00082247 d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00366-00082248-00082343 because
+o7BQRZsobi4-00367-00082344-00082423 this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00368-00082424-00082615 is a dislike neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00369-00082616-00082711 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00370-00082712-00082862 what do i mean by saying that is a disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00371-00082863-00083015 like neighborhood its actually
+o7BQRZsobi4-00372-00083016-00083238 homeomorphic to a disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00373-00083239-00083399 on the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00374-00083400-00083535 okay namely
+o7BQRZsobi4-00375-00083536-00083655 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00376-00083656-00083935 if i if i if i translate the statement
+o7BQRZsobi4-00377-00083936-00084150 that it is a disk like neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00378-00084151-00084287 into
+o7BQRZsobi4-00379-00084288-00084471 formal mathematics i am just saying that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00380-00084472-00084767 i have chosen a homium of sum namely a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00381-00084768-00084975 topological isomorphism of this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00382-00084976-00085175 neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00383-00085176-00085367 okay with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00384-00085368-00085543 say the unit disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00385-00085544-00085767 in the complex plane with if you want
+o7BQRZsobi4-00386-00085768-00086047 the point x going to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00387-00086048-00086462 this the origin okay or more generally
+o7BQRZsobi4-00388-00086463-00086687 i could of course chosen it to be
+o7BQRZsobi4-00389-00086688-00086894 homeomorphic to any disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00390-00086895-00087055 finite radius layer
+o7BQRZsobi4-00391-00087056-00087255 and with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00392-00087256-00087455 x going to the center of that disc
+o7BQRZsobi4-00393-00087456-00087655 so basically what i have is i have i
+o7BQRZsobi4-00394-00087656-00087767 have
+o7BQRZsobi4-00395-00087768-00087926 i have a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00396-00087927-00088199 i have a homium of sum so let me call it
+o7BQRZsobi4-00397-00088200-00088591 as
+o7BQRZsobi4-00398-00088592-00088718 fee
+o7BQRZsobi4-00399-00088719-00088831 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00400-00088832-00089159 which is defined on this ah d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00401-00089160-00089262 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00402-00089263-00089526 into the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00403-00089527-00089606 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00404-00089607-00089879 so phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00405-00089880-00090126 p of d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00406-00090127-00090231 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00407-00090232-00090375 is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00408-00090376-00090582 a disc
+o7BQRZsobi4-00409-00090583-00091247 in the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00410-00091248-00091399 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00411-00091400-00091559 phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00412-00091560-00091655 from
+o7BQRZsobi4-00413-00091656-00093055 d to phi of d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00414-00093056-00093182 inside c
+o7BQRZsobi4-00415-00093183-00094006 is a homium offset
+o7BQRZsobi4-00416-00094007-00094143 so what i have done is i have just
+o7BQRZsobi4-00417-00094144-00094287 translated
+o7BQRZsobi4-00418-00094288-00094438 the statement that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00419-00094439-00094567 d is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00420-00094568-00094799 ah d is a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00421-00094800-00095031 disk like neighborhood of the point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00422-00095032-00095287 small x on the surface ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00423-00095288-00095455 which means that i have chosen a homium
+o7BQRZsobi4-00424-00095456-00095615 offsum of d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00425-00095616-00095911 with a disc in the complex plane and and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00426-00095912-00096167 you know ah of course i am not writing
+o7BQRZsobi4-00427-00096168-00096231 it
+o7BQRZsobi4-00428-00096232-00096462 phi of x ah goes
+o7BQRZsobi4-00429-00096463-00096711 so x under phi goes to phi of x and if
+o7BQRZsobi4-00430-00096712-00096862 you want you can
+o7BQRZsobi4-00431-00096863-00096999 think of phi of x to be the center of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00432-00097000-00097126 the disc
+o7BQRZsobi4-00433-00097127-00097382 so you know
+o7BQRZsobi4-00434-00097383-00097606 with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00435-00097607-00098231 phi of x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00436-00098232-00098359 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00437-00098360-00098559 center
+o7BQRZsobi4-00438-00098560-00098655 of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00439-00098656-00098887 the disc v of d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00440-00098888-00099191 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00441-00099192-00099543 and so this is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00442-00099544-00099703 what i mean by dislike neighborhood of a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00443-00099704-00099935 point and now suppose on this dislike
+o7BQRZsobi4-00444-00099936-00100071 neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00445-00100072-00100399 suppose i have a function f
+o7BQRZsobi4-00446-00100400-00100671 suppose i have function f
+o7BQRZsobi4-00447-00100672-00100943 defined on this with values in
+o7BQRZsobi4-00448-00100944-00101103 complex numbers
+o7BQRZsobi4-00449-00101104-00101287 all right so i have a complex valued
+o7BQRZsobi4-00450-00101288-00101406 function
+o7BQRZsobi4-00451-00101407-00101582 defined on this disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00452-00101583-00101694 all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00453-00101695-00101903 and what is my aim my aim is to tell
+o7BQRZsobi4-00454-00101904-00102206 when that complex valued function
+o7BQRZsobi4-00455-00102207-00102502 is analytic at the point small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00456-00102503-00102766 ok remember our aim is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00457-00102767-00103030 to do a complex analysis on the surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00458-00103031-00103263 which means i have to define
+o7BQRZsobi4-00459-00103264-00103415 and study analytic functions on the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00460-00103416-00103551 surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00461-00103552-00103630 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00462-00103631-00103863 but to define an analytic function on
+o7BQRZsobi4-00463-00103864-00104047 the whole surface the first step is to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00464-00104048-00104406 define the analytic function at a point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00465-00104407-00104486 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00466-00104488-00104639 once you define analytic function at a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00467-00104640-00104815 point then you define an analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00468-00104816-00105102 function on a set an open set to be a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00469-00105103-00105263 function that is analytic at each point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00470-00105264-00105471 so the problem is first firstly to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00471-00105472-00105671 define analytic an analytic function at
+o7BQRZsobi4-00472-00105672-00105799 a point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00473-00105800-00105895 and so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00474-00105896-00106119 ah what does it mean it means suppose
+o7BQRZsobi4-00475-00106120-00106271 you are given a function in the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00476-00106272-00106471 neighborhood of a point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00477-00106472-00106663 okay when will you say its analytic at
+o7BQRZsobi4-00478-00106664-00106878 that point that is the question
+o7BQRZsobi4-00479-00106879-00107015 so here is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00480-00107016-00107199 my point small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00481-00107200-00107407 on the surface capital x i have this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00482-00107408-00107527 function f
+o7BQRZsobi4-00483-00107528-00107775 defined on this neighborhood on this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00484-00107776-00107934 disk like neighborhood of this point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00485-00107935-00108102 small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00486-00108103-00108302 which takes complex values
+o7BQRZsobi4-00487-00108303-00108607 okay and my aim is i want to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00488-00108608-00108831 i want to define when f is analytic at
+o7BQRZsobi4-00489-00108832-00108943 small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00490-00108944-00109047 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00491-00109048-00109151 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00492-00109152-00109383 the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00493-00109383-00109575 see the it is very easy
+o7BQRZsobi4-00494-00109576-00109663 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00495-00109664-00109734 to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00496-00109735-00109919 see how so what i am going to do is i am
+o7BQRZsobi4-00497-00109920-00110023 going to just
+o7BQRZsobi4-00498-00110024-00110158 say for example
+o7BQRZsobi4-00499-00110159-00110375 ah draw a diagram here
+o7BQRZsobi4-00500-00110376-00110599 so here is my so here is my complex
+o7BQRZsobi4-00501-00110600-00110863 complex plane and this is my feed d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00502-00110864-00111015 this is my disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00503-00111016-00111199 the image of the disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00504-00111200-00111358 the image of this disk like neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00505-00111359-00111599 d here is a disk and it goes to this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00506-00111600-00111743 point which is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00507-00111744-00112127 ah well this point is v of x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00508-00112128-00112358 that is the center of this disc
+o7BQRZsobi4-00509-00112359-00112663 that is where that is what phi maps
+o7BQRZsobi4-00510-00112664-00113054 small x two ok so of course ah this v
+o7BQRZsobi4-00511-00113055-00113127 is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00512-00113128-00113423 this v actually ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00513-00113424-00113695 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00514-00113696-00113854 of course please do not confuse it with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00515-00113855-00114054 the null set the symbol for the null set
+o7BQRZsobi4-00516-00114055-00114247 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00517-00114248-00114407 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00518-00114408-00114543 you know
+o7BQRZsobi4-00519-00114544-00114775 now what am i going to do
+o7BQRZsobi4-00520-00114776-00114951 see the complex analysis that we have
+o7BQRZsobi4-00521-00114952-00115054 studied
+o7BQRZsobi4-00522-00115055-00115254 ah only allows us
+o7BQRZsobi4-00523-00115255-00115383 we have done complex analysis on the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00524-00115383-00115471 plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00525-00115472-00115575 right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00526-00115576-00115766 if you have a function defined in a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00527-00115767-00116039 neighborhood of a point on this plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00528-00116040-00116231 then i know what it means
+o7BQRZsobi4-00529-00116232-00116334 to say
+o7BQRZsobi4-00530-00116335-00116527 that the function is analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00531-00116528-00116695 ok so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00532-00116696-00116854 i can use that now
+o7BQRZsobi4-00533-00116855-00117031 to tell you
+o7BQRZsobi4-00534-00117032-00117302 when f is analytic at x because you see
+o7BQRZsobi4-00535-00117303-00117599 if i take phi inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-00536-00117600-00117783 mind you phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00537-00117783-00117975 is a homium option
+o7BQRZsobi4-00538-00117976-00118134 it is a topological isomorphism which
+o7BQRZsobi4-00539-00118135-00118271 means phi is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00540-00118272-00118558 you know bijective it is continuous
+o7BQRZsobi4-00541-00118559-00118758 and the inverse of phi is also
+o7BQRZsobi4-00542-00118759-00118895 continuous
+o7BQRZsobi4-00543-00118896-00119102 that is what homium also means
+o7BQRZsobi4-00544-00119103-00119239 so this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00545-00119240-00119399 so there is this map in this direction
+o7BQRZsobi4-00546-00119400-00119558 also which is ph inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-00547-00119559-00119719 and thats a continuous map
+o7BQRZsobi4-00548-00119720-00119943 that is also topological exam also the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00549-00119944-00120086 inverse of a homeomorphism is also a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00550-00120088-00120310 homium also so you you have a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00551-00120311-00120463 topological isomorphism from here to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00552-00120464-00120678 here and then i can follow by this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00553-00120679-00120934 function f so what i what i will get is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00554-00120935-00121231 i will get a composition like this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00555-00121232-00121431 and this composition is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00556-00121432-00121623 phi inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-00557-00121624-00121886 followed by f
+o7BQRZsobi4-00558-00121888-00122143 ok so i go by v inverse and then i apply
+o7BQRZsobi4-00559-00122144-00122383 f
+o7BQRZsobi4-00560-00122383-00122558 and why is that helpful because that is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00561-00122559-00122814 a function from an open disc in the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00562-00122815-00123023 complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00563-00123024-00123239 to the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00564-00123240-00123399 and for such a function i know how to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00565-00123400-00123543 define
+o7BQRZsobi4-00566-00123544-00123727 when it is analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00567-00123728-00123934 so it is very simple so what i will do
+o7BQRZsobi4-00568-00123935-00124134 is we define
+o7BQRZsobi4-00569-00124135-00124486 we define
+o7BQRZsobi4-00570-00124488-00124878 a function
+o7BQRZsobi4-00571-00124879-00125119 f from d to c
+o7BQRZsobi4-00572-00125120-00125310 defined
+o7BQRZsobi4-00573-00125311-00125639 ah given on
+o7BQRZsobi4-00574-00125640-00126334 on a disk like neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00575-00126335-00126758 neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00576-00126759-00126958 p
+o7BQRZsobi4-00577-00126959-00127190 ah to be
+o7BQRZsobi4-00578-00127191-00127607 analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00579-00127608-00127719 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00580-00127720-00127878 at
+o7BQRZsobi4-00581-00127879-00128134 x belonging to d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00582-00128135-00128231 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00583-00128232-00128502 if
+o7BQRZsobi4-00584-00128503-00129007 after choosing
+o7BQRZsobi4-00585-00129008-00129678 homium of some
+o7BQRZsobi4-00586-00129679-00129758 v
+o7BQRZsobi4-00587-00129759-00129927 from d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00588-00129928-00130286 ah to phi of d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00589-00130288-00130551 inside c
+o7BQRZsobi4-00590-00130552-00130710 the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00591-00130711-00131431 resulting function
+o7BQRZsobi4-00592-00131432-00131527 p of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00593-00131528-00131647 d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00594-00131648-00131863 to c
+o7BQRZsobi4-00595-00131864-00132327 ah given by first go by phi inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-00596-00132328-00132439 then go
+o7BQRZsobi4-00597-00132440-00132702 then apply f
+o7BQRZsobi4-00598-00132703-00132790 is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00599-00132791-00133119 analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00600-00133120-00133463 at phi x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00601-00133464-00133783 so you see
+o7BQRZsobi4-00602-00133784-00133959 it is a very simple definition i want to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00603-00133960-00134183 say when f is analytic at x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00604-00134184-00134335 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00605-00134336-00134487 but
+o7BQRZsobi4-00606-00134488-00134743 this point x and this point d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00607-00134744-00134854 i mean this point x and this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00608-00134855-00135023 neighborhood this disk d dislike
+o7BQRZsobi4-00609-00135024-00135295 neighborhood d are identified with the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00610-00135296-00135495 point phi x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00611-00135496-00135775 which is the center of the disc v d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00612-00135776-00135883 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00613-00135884-00136390 so instead of saying f is analytic at x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00614-00136391-00136575 i will say that this composition
+o7BQRZsobi4-00615-00136576-00136902 function is analytic at this point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00616-00136903-00137159 phi x which corresponds to x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00617-00137160-00137319 it is a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00618-00137320-00137583 it's a very natural definition ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00619-00137584-00137751 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00620-00137752-00138031 this is a nice way of deciding that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00621-00138032-00138231 when a function is analytic at a point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00622-00138232-00138431 okay but there is a small issue the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00623-00138432-00138654 issue is that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00624-00138655-00139127 you know the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00625-00139128-00139375 the the only ambiguity is that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00626-00139376-00139631 i use this homeowner for some fee i have
+o7BQRZsobi4-00627-00139632-00139911 chosen a chromium of some fee of this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00628-00139912-00140151 disk dislike neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00629-00140152-00140359 with a disc in the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00630-00140360-00140502 complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00631-00140503-00140631 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00632-00140632-00140871 but there could be many homeowners
+o7BQRZsobi4-00633-00140872-00140999 of of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00634-00141000-00141471 this dislike neighborhood with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00635-00141472-00141695 other
+o7BQRZsobi4-00636-00141696-00141847 disk like neighborhoods or other
+o7BQRZsobi4-00637-00141848-00142095 neighborhoods in the complex plane ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00638-00142096-00142319 and then the question is that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00639-00142320-00142463 if i change
+o7BQRZsobi4-00640-00142464-00142639 if i change phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00641-00142640-00142775 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00642-00142776-00142999 my function f circle free inverse will
+o7BQRZsobi4-00643-00143000-00143190 change
+o7BQRZsobi4-00644-00143191-00143431 phi of d itself will change
+o7BQRZsobi4-00645-00143432-00143702 okay and phi of and the and the point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00646-00143703-00143919 phi of x will change therefore
+o7BQRZsobi4-00647-00143920-00144135 and my function f circle phi inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-00648-00144136-00144311 will change
+o7BQRZsobi4-00649-00144312-00144502 ok and then
+o7BQRZsobi4-00650-00144503-00144751 if my definition is sensible
+o7BQRZsobi4-00651-00144752-00144983 then i should either always get
+o7BQRZsobi4-00652-00144984-00145166 that this is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00653-00145167-00145511 analytic at vx for every fee
+o7BQRZsobi4-00654-00145512-00145623 that i
+o7BQRZsobi4-00655-00145624-00145926 choose or it is not analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00656-00145927-00145999 at
+o7BQRZsobi4-00657-00146000-00146183 phi x for every fee that i chose of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00658-00146184-00146431 course but i of course i want only ah to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00659-00146432-00146711 choose fees such that it is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00660-00146712-00146854 always analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00661-00146855-00147023 so there is a condition for that the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00662-00147024-00147319 condition is that you know instead of if
+o7BQRZsobi4-00663-00147320-00147478 you change fee
+o7BQRZsobi4-00664-00147479-00147678 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00665-00147679-00147887 then the change in fee
+o7BQRZsobi4-00666-00147888-00148031 should induce
+o7BQRZsobi4-00667-00148032-00148287 a holomorphic isomorphism
+o7BQRZsobi4-00668-00148288-00148478 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00669-00148479-00148663 between subsets of the open substance of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00670-00148664-00148847 the complex plane that is the condition
+o7BQRZsobi4-00671-00148848-00148999 ok we we
+o7BQRZsobi4-00672-00149000-00149278 technically we use the word that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00673-00149279-00149414 the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00674-00149415-00149543 the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00675-00149544-00149775 the coordinate charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-00676-00149776-00149895 they
+o7BQRZsobi4-00677-00149896-00150095 differ by transition functions which are
+o7BQRZsobi4-00678-00150096-00150239 holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00679-00150240-00150311 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00680-00150312-00150414 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00681-00150415-00150631 so let me explain that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00682-00150632-00150726 see
+o7BQRZsobi4-00683-00150727-00150887 if you take up if you take an open
+o7BQRZsobi4-00684-00150888-00151078 subset of the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00685-00151079-00151199 surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-00686-00151200-00151414 and you give me a homium of some of that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00687-00151415-00151583 open substitution with an open subset of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00688-00151584-00151687 the plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00689-00151688-00151823 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00690-00151824-00152119 that is called a coordinate shot
+o7BQRZsobi4-00691-00152120-00152335 ok its called a complex coordinate chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00692-00152336-00152487 thats because your
+o7BQRZsobi4-00693-00152488-00152678 because by giving this isomorphism of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00694-00152679-00152895 this open subset ah chromium of sum of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00695-00152896-00153119 this open subset is an open subset of c
+o7BQRZsobi4-00696-00153120-00153326 what you are doing is that for every
+o7BQRZsobi4-00697-00153327-00153463 point here you are giving a complex
+o7BQRZsobi4-00698-00153464-00153663 coordinate namely the coordinate
+o7BQRZsobi4-00699-00153664-00153854 ah on the target
+o7BQRZsobi4-00700-00153855-00154039 so its called a coordinate chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00701-00154040-00154311 ok so specifying this fee
+o7BQRZsobi4-00702-00154312-00154566 specifying this pair phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00703-00154567-00154863 ah and d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00704-00154864-00155111 is what is called a coordinate chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00705-00155112-00155366 okay more generally you can specify a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00706-00155367-00155678 pair consisting of a homeowner of some
+o7BQRZsobi4-00707-00155679-00155895 defined on an open subset
+o7BQRZsobi4-00708-00155896-00156183 this the d i have chosen is a dislike
+o7BQRZsobi4-00709-00156184-00156343 neighborhood but i could have chosen an
+o7BQRZsobi4-00710-00156344-00156575 open subset all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00711-00156576-00156799 and such a pair is called a coordinate
+o7BQRZsobi4-00712-00156800-00156887 chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00713-00156888-00157078 and the whole problem is that my
+o7BQRZsobi4-00714-00157079-00157311 definition of analyticity of a function
+o7BQRZsobi4-00715-00157312-00157511 at a point should not change
+o7BQRZsobi4-00716-00157512-00157743 if i change the coordinate chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00717-00157744-00157959 if i choose different coordinate charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-00718-00157960-00158071 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00719-00158072-00158271 the fact that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00720-00158272-00158439 i mean the condition that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00721-00158440-00158726 will
+o7BQRZsobi4-00722-00158727-00158911 ensure that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00723-00158912-00159031 this doesn't
+o7BQRZsobi4-00724-00159032-00159207 that this happens
+o7BQRZsobi4-00725-00159208-00159526 is the condition that ah the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00726-00159527-00159711 two coordinate charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-00727-00159712-00159902 they differ
+o7BQRZsobi4-00728-00159903-00160047 by
+o7BQRZsobi4-00729-00160048-00160302 a holomorphic isomorphism so let me
+o7BQRZsobi4-00730-00160303-00160535 explain that more more generally so so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00731-00160536-00160695 let me say this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00732-00160696-00160823 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00733-00160824-00160911 the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00734-00160912-00161014 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00735-00161015-00161566 the only ambiguity
+o7BQRZsobi4-00736-00161567-00162199 in this definition
+o7BQRZsobi4-00737-00162200-00162478 is that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00738-00162479-00162959 fee could vary
+o7BQRZsobi4-00739-00162960-00163175 ok phi could vary
+o7BQRZsobi4-00740-00163176-00163383 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00741-00163384-00163814 and we want
+o7BQRZsobi4-00742-00163815-00164175 to consider
+o7BQRZsobi4-00743-00164176-00164263 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00744-00164264-00164407 only
+o7BQRZsobi4-00745-00164408-00164790 those fee
+o7BQRZsobi4-00746-00164791-00165151 for which
+o7BQRZsobi4-00747-00165152-00165238 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00748-00165239-00165478 f circle phi inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-00749-00165479-00166071 is holomorph is analytic or holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-00750-00166072-00166326 at v x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00751-00166327-00166683 always
+o7BQRZsobi4-00752-00166684-00166863 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00753-00166864-00167078 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00754-00167079-00167238 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00755-00167239-00167471 so let me
+o7BQRZsobi4-00756-00167472-00167926 so let me write a little more a pair
+o7BQRZsobi4-00757-00167927-00168254 ah u comma phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00758-00168255-00168447 where
+o7BQRZsobi4-00759-00168448-00168647 u inside x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00760-00168648-00168902 is open
+o7BQRZsobi4-00761-00168903-00169087 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00762-00169088-00169343 phi from
+o7BQRZsobi4-00763-00169344-00169487 v from u
+o7BQRZsobi4-00764-00169488-00169838 to c to phi of u
+o7BQRZsobi4-00765-00169839-00170054 inside c
+o7BQRZsobi4-00766-00170055-00170711 is a chromium of some
+o7BQRZsobi4-00767-00170712-00170975 onto
+o7BQRZsobi4-00768-00170976-00171454 an open subset
+o7BQRZsobi4-00769-00171455-00171566 p of u
+o7BQRZsobi4-00770-00171567-00171838 ah ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00771-00171839-00171999 phi of u
+o7BQRZsobi4-00772-00172000-00172583 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00773-00172584-00172847 maybe i should use
+o7BQRZsobi4-00774-00172848-00173366 just
+o7BQRZsobi4-00775-00173367-00173535 of c
+o7BQRZsobi4-00776-00173536-00173831 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00777-00173832-00174023 is called
+o7BQRZsobi4-00778-00174024-00174295 is called a complex coordinate shaft
+o7BQRZsobi4-00779-00174296-00174559 is called a complex
+o7BQRZsobi4-00780-00174560-00174895 coordinate
+o7BQRZsobi4-00781-00174896-00175159 chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00782-00175160-00175271 for
+o7BQRZsobi4-00783-00175272-00175743 for each point for each point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00784-00175744-00175975 of u
+o7BQRZsobi4-00785-00175976-00176254 ok so the example is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00786-00176255-00176438 ah if you take this disk like
+o7BQRZsobi4-00787-00176439-00176551 neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00788-00176552-00176854 surrounding the point small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00789-00176855-00177054 and you take this homium of sum of this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00790-00177055-00177295 disk like neighborhood with the disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00791-00177296-00177447 in the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00792-00177448-00177702 then this pair
+o7BQRZsobi4-00793-00177703-00177871 d comma phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00794-00177872-00178047 that is a complex coordinate chart it's
+o7BQRZsobi4-00795-00178048-00178190 a complex coordinate chart for every
+o7BQRZsobi4-00796-00178191-00178343 point of d
+o7BQRZsobi4-00797-00178344-00178543 because for every point of d it gives
+o7BQRZsobi4-00798-00178544-00178743 you a point in the complex plane which
+o7BQRZsobi4-00799-00178744-00178823 has
+o7BQRZsobi4-00800-00178824-00178951 coordinates
+o7BQRZsobi4-00801-00178952-00179071 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00802-00179072-00179311 and it does it in a in a in a manner
+o7BQRZsobi4-00803-00179312-00179551 which is a topological isomorphs because
+o7BQRZsobi4-00804-00179552-00179743 fee is a topological isomorphosome its a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00805-00179744-00180007 it is a formium offset ok so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00806-00180008-00180223 instead of choosing a disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00807-00180224-00180502 an open disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00808-00180503-00180766 an open disk like neighborhood the point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00809-00180767-00180943 and this chromium offset
+o7BQRZsobi4-00810-00180944-00181183 i am more generally choosing any open
+o7BQRZsobi4-00811-00181184-00181326 set
+o7BQRZsobi4-00812-00181327-00181463 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00813-00181464-00181614 ok and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00814-00181615-00181847 calling such a thing as a chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00815-00181848-00182078 all right and then the question is so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00816-00182079-00182247 you know the more general picture will
+o7BQRZsobi4-00817-00182248-00182359 look like this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00818-00182360-00182566 the more general picture is that i will
+o7BQRZsobi4-00819-00182567-00182678 have
+o7BQRZsobi4-00820-00182679-00182847 i will have this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00821-00182848-00183095 i will have the surface x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00822-00183096-00183423 see i will have this point ah small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00823-00183424-00183495 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00824-00183496-00183807 and well i will have some
+o7BQRZsobi4-00825-00183808-00183951 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00826-00183952-00184223 some open set u
+o7BQRZsobi4-00827-00184224-00184375 all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00828-00184376-00184583 ah of x and i will have a coordinate
+o7BQRZsobi4-00829-00184584-00184711 chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00830-00184712-00184951 ah which consists of u and a home of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00831-00184952-00185183 some ah phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00832-00185184-00185390 into the complex plane so this will go
+o7BQRZsobi4-00833-00185391-00185790 into the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00834-00185791-00186119 and it will map this open set into
+o7BQRZsobi4-00835-00186120-00186319 some open subset of the complex plane so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00836-00186320-00186895 this will be phi of u
+o7BQRZsobi4-00837-00186896-00187087 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00838-00187088-00187295 so this is an isomorphism ah topological
+o7BQRZsobi4-00839-00187296-00187583 example of an open subset ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00840-00187584-00187775 containing this point x with an open
+o7BQRZsobi4-00841-00187776-00187935 substitution of the complex spread
+o7BQRZsobi4-00842-00187936-00188190 right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00843-00188191-00188335 the special case that i wrote down there
+o7BQRZsobi4-00844-00188336-00188550 was when this look like a disk and this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00845-00188551-00188726 is this was actually a disk
+o7BQRZsobi4-00846-00188727-00188959 ok but it can be instead of disk just an
+o7BQRZsobi4-00847-00188960-00189311 even and open set okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00848-00189312-00189495 and the reason for that is well
+o7BQRZsobi4-00849-00189496-00189726 ah analytic functions are not
+o7BQRZsobi4-00850-00189727-00190007 necessarily defined only on disks there
+o7BQRZsobi4-00851-00190008-00190143 the most general set on which you can
+o7BQRZsobi4-00852-00190144-00190335 define an analytic function
+o7BQRZsobi4-00853-00190336-00190483 is an open set
+o7BQRZsobi4-00854-00190484-00190743 okay and of course
+o7BQRZsobi4-00855-00190744-00190935 if it is an open connected set
+o7BQRZsobi4-00856-00190936-00191063 i mean if it is an open set it is a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00857-00191064-00191390 union of disks anyway ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00858-00191391-00191526 nevertheless
+o7BQRZsobi4-00859-00191527-00191838 now the point is you know suppose i have
+o7BQRZsobi4-00860-00191839-00192038 suppose i have a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00861-00192039-00192254 now suppose i have another chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00862-00192255-00192454 ok so i take another chart so i have
+o7BQRZsobi4-00863-00192455-00192647 something like this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00864-00192648-00192871 so here is here is a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00865-00192872-00193095 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00866-00193096-00193326 so you know let me let me number it
+o7BQRZsobi4-00867-00193327-00193502 ah or
+o7BQRZsobi4-00868-00193503-00193623 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00869-00193624-00193807 let me call this as u one let me call
+o7BQRZsobi4-00870-00193808-00194126 this as v one this is v one of u one ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00871-00194127-00194311 now suppose i takes
+o7BQRZsobi4-00872-00194312-00194487 another open subset
+o7BQRZsobi4-00873-00194488-00194895 of x say u two
+o7BQRZsobi4-00874-00194896-00195119 suppose i take another open subset of x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00875-00195120-00195414 and suppose i give you another chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00876-00195415-00195607 namely i give you another homeowner of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00877-00195608-00195790 some phi two
+o7BQRZsobi4-00878-00195791-00195990 from u two into
+o7BQRZsobi4-00879-00195991-00196263 a subset of the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-00880-00196264-00196383 this is phi
+o7BQRZsobi4-00881-00196384-00196671 phi two of u two
+o7BQRZsobi4-00882-00196672-00196831 this is another this is also an open
+o7BQRZsobi4-00883-00196832-00197038 sphere of the com comp complex plane and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00884-00197039-00197414 well ah this v two is also a homeomorphs
+o7BQRZsobi4-00885-00197415-00197735 so this is another ident so ah u2 is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00886-00197736-00197878 another neighborhood of the point the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00887-00197879-00198063 same point small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00888-00198064-00198254 and phi 2 is an identification of that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00889-00198255-00198511 neighborhood open neighborhood u2 with
+o7BQRZsobi4-00890-00198512-00198654 an open subset
+o7BQRZsobi4-00891-00198655-00198895 v2 of u2 of the complex plane so you
+o7BQRZsobi4-00892-00198896-00199166 know what is happening is that the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00893-00199167-00199287 neighborhood
+o7BQRZsobi4-00894-00199288-00199463 of that point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00895-00199464-00199711 ah common to these two sets
+o7BQRZsobi4-00896-00199712-00199975 they have a pair of coordinates
+o7BQRZsobi4-00897-00199976-00200135 because you see if i take this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00898-00200136-00200343 intersection
+o7BQRZsobi4-00899-00200344-00200599 namely u one intersection u two
+o7BQRZsobi4-00900-00200600-00200783 ok if i take this intersection
+o7BQRZsobi4-00901-00200784-00200887 then
+o7BQRZsobi4-00902-00200888-00201023 for every point in the intersection
+o7BQRZsobi4-00903-00201024-00201214 including point small x
+o7BQRZsobi4-00904-00201215-00201511 i get a if i take its image under p one
+o7BQRZsobi4-00905-00201512-00201654 i will get a point
+o7BQRZsobi4-00906-00201655-00201831 in the complex plane so that will give
+o7BQRZsobi4-00907-00201832-00201975 me a coordinate
+o7BQRZsobi4-00908-00201976-00202126 all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-00909-00202127-00202390 and if i take its image under this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00910-00202391-00202590 ah chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-00911-00202591-00202766 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00912-00202767-00203007 then i will get another point so i am
+o7BQRZsobi4-00913-00203008-00203271 actually giving you two ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00914-00203272-00203399 coordinates
+o7BQRZsobi4-00915-00203400-00203550 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00916-00203551-00203678 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00917-00203679-00203831 well this this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00918-00203832-00204126 this shaded region the intersection
+o7BQRZsobi4-00919-00204127-00204319 ok this this is this is u one
+o7BQRZsobi4-00920-00204320-00204862 intersection u two
+o7BQRZsobi4-00921-00204863-00205023 this of course you know the intersection
+o7BQRZsobi4-00922-00205023-00205231 of two open sets is again an open set
+o7BQRZsobi4-00923-00205232-00205334 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00924-00205335-00205479 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00925-00205480-00205751 under homeomorphism an open subset is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00926-00205752-00205903 again
+o7BQRZsobi4-00927-00205904-00206071 identified
+o7BQRZsobi4-00928-00206071-00206327 it is mapped homeomorphically
+o7BQRZsobi4-00929-00206328-00206598 onto an open subset of the target
+o7BQRZsobi4-00930-00206600-00206790 when you have a homeopsome
+o7BQRZsobi4-00931-00206791-00207023 of one space into another
+o7BQRZsobi4-00932-00207023-00207190 that is a topological isomorphism of one
+o7BQRZsobi4-00933-00207191-00207342 space into another
+o7BQRZsobi4-00934-00207344-00207623 then an open subset of the source space
+o7BQRZsobi4-00935-00207623-00207862 is carried by this chromium oxime onto
+o7BQRZsobi4-00936-00207863-00208110 an open subset of the target space
+o7BQRZsobi4-00937-00208111-00208246 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-00938-00208248-00208414 if you restrict the homeomorphism to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00939-00208415-00208519 that
+o7BQRZsobi4-00940-00208519-00208710 open subset then it is again a
+o7BQRZsobi4-00941-00208711-00208958 homeomorphism from that open subset to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00942-00208959-00209103 its image
+o7BQRZsobi4-00943-00209104-00209198 so
+o7BQRZsobi4-00944-00209200-00209351 if you take this u one intersection u
+o7BQRZsobi4-00945-00209352-00209551 two what will happen is thats an open
+o7BQRZsobi4-00946-00209552-00209831 subset of u one and of of u one
+o7BQRZsobi4-00947-00209832-00210015 and under this map v one which is the
+o7BQRZsobi4-00948-00210016-00210303 homeomorphism it will go to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00949-00210304-00210398 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00950-00210400-00210606 well it will it will go to some
+o7BQRZsobi4-00951-00210607-00210710 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00952-00210711-00210846 open subset of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00953-00210848-00211071 v1 of u1 so it will go to some shaded
+o7BQRZsobi4-00954-00211071-00211215 region here
+o7BQRZsobi4-00955-00211216-00211471 ok and this shaded region will be just
+o7BQRZsobi4-00956-00211471-00211879 v1 of u1 intersection u2
+o7BQRZsobi4-00957-00211880-00212031 it will just be
+o7BQRZsobi4-00958-00212032-00212158 it is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00959-00212159-00212319 just like v1
+o7BQRZsobi4-00960-00212319-00212439 gives you an
+o7BQRZsobi4-00961-00212440-00212598 homeomorphism namely a topological
+o7BQRZsobi4-00962-00212600-00212879 isomer sum of u1 with v1 of u1
+o7BQRZsobi4-00963-00212880-00213094 it will also give you when restricted to
+o7BQRZsobi4-00964-00213096-00213351 u one intersection u two a home of sum
+o7BQRZsobi4-00965-00213352-00213575 of u one intersection u two and its
+o7BQRZsobi4-00966-00213576-00213694 image which is p one of u one
+o7BQRZsobi4-00967-00213696-00213910 intersection u two
+o7BQRZsobi4-00968-00213911-00214094 in the same way
+o7BQRZsobi4-00969-00214096-00214287 if i take the image of
+o7BQRZsobi4-00970-00214288-00214367 under
+o7BQRZsobi4-00971-00214367-00214606 under phi 2 of u1 intersection u2 i will
+o7BQRZsobi4-00972-00214607-00215015 get another open set here
+o7BQRZsobi4-00973-00215016-00215279 i i will get an open subset here
+o7BQRZsobi4-00974-00215280-00215527 and what is this this is just v2
+o7BQRZsobi4-00975-00215528-00215806 of u1 intersection
+o7BQRZsobi4-00976-00215807-00216015 it is just the image
+o7BQRZsobi4-00977-00216016-00216279 under v2 of u1 intersection u2
+o7BQRZsobi4-00978-00216280-00216510 which will carry u1 intersection u2
+o7BQRZsobi4-00979-00216511-00216631 isomorphically topologically
+o7BQRZsobi4-00980-00216632-00216791 isomorphically that is homeomorphically
+o7BQRZsobi4-00981-00216792-00216982 on to the subset
+o7BQRZsobi4-00982-00216983-00217142 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-00983-00217144-00217303 so what will happen is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00984-00217304-00217503 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00985-00217504-00218431 you see therefore i have a map like this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00986-00218432-00218671 so i have a map from ah so let me so i
+o7BQRZsobi4-00987-00218671-00218967 can define a map like this
+o7BQRZsobi4-00988-00218967-00219271 ok and this map is
+o7BQRZsobi4-00989-00219271-00219446 you first apply
+o7BQRZsobi4-00990-00219448-00219751 ah so its this map is from v1 of u1
+o7BQRZsobi4-00991-00219752-00219919 intersection u2 to v2 of u n
+o7BQRZsobi4-00992-00219919-00220119 intersection u two ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-00993-00220119-00220351 and this map is you first apply
+o7BQRZsobi4-00994-00220352-00220503 p one inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-00995-00220504-00220719 ok and then apply feed
+o7BQRZsobi4-00996-00220719-00221151 right so ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-00997-00221152-00221367 just for
+o7BQRZsobi4-00998-00221367-00221655 notational reasons let me let me
+o7BQRZsobi4-00999-00221656-00221958 ah look let me look at the direction
+o7BQRZsobi4-01000-00221959-00222142 so let me call this as g one two g one
+o7BQRZsobi4-01001-00222144-00222287 two is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01002-00222288-00222510 well ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01003-00222511-00222815 yeah let me call this as p one circle v
+o7BQRZsobi4-01004-00222816-00223015 two inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01005-00223016-00223134 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01006-00223135-00223382 and therefore it has to go ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01007-00223383-00223598 i have to apply v two so it is going to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01008-00223600-00223734 be
+o7BQRZsobi4-01009-00223735-00223919 its like this not like this but its like
+o7BQRZsobi4-01010-00223919-00224087 this
+o7BQRZsobi4-01011-00224088-00224310 so i apply v2 inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01012-00224311-00224479 and then i apply phi 1
+o7BQRZsobi4-01013-00224480-00224687 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-01014-00224688-00224863 mind you when i write p 1 circle phi 2
+o7BQRZsobi4-01015-00224864-00225110 inverse it it is not defined everywhere
+o7BQRZsobi4-01016-00225111-00225406 ok v2 inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01017-00225407-00225767 this i am considering it only on this
+o7BQRZsobi4-01018-00225767-00226006 on this shaded region which is the image
+o7BQRZsobi4-01019-00226007-00226239 under v2 of u1 intersection u2
+o7BQRZsobi4-01020-00226240-00226334 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-01021-00226335-00226606 so what i mean by g12 is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01022-00226607-00226806 g12 is actually
+o7BQRZsobi4-01023-00226807-00227110 feed to inverse restricted to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01024-00227111-00227415 v two of u one intersection u two
+o7BQRZsobi4-01025-00227416-00227623 followed by
+o7BQRZsobi4-01026-00227623-00228015 v one restricted to u one intersection u
+o7BQRZsobi4-01027-00228016-00228175 this is what it is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01028-00228176-00228303 but if i write it like this it looks
+o7BQRZsobi4-01029-00228304-00228582 terrible okay so i am applying i am
+o7BQRZsobi4-01030-00228583-00228823 taking this this shaded set
+o7BQRZsobi4-01031-00228823-00229055 which is p 2 of u 1 intersection u 2
+o7BQRZsobi4-01032-00229056-00229142 i am
+o7BQRZsobi4-01033-00229144-00229375 applying feed 2 inverse to that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01034-00229376-00229534 mind you i can apply phi 2 inverse to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01035-00229535-00229727 that because v 2 is a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01036-00229728-00229894 it's a topological isomorphism so its
+o7BQRZsobi4-01037-00229896-00230023 inverse is also a topological
+o7BQRZsobi4-01038-00230023-00230134 isomorphism
+o7BQRZsobi4-01039-00230135-00230310 so i apply phi2 inverse so i am
+o7BQRZsobi4-01040-00230311-00230519 restricting v2 inverse to this set that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01041-00230519-00230710 is what i have written here
+o7BQRZsobi4-01042-00230711-00230846 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01043-00230848-00231082 so this vertical line denotes a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01044-00231083-00231391 restriction of a map to a subset
+o7BQRZsobi4-01045-00231392-00231479 right
+o7BQRZsobi4-01046-00231480-00231727 and then what i am doing is ah that so
+o7BQRZsobi4-01047-00231728-00231910 if i take v2 inverse and restrict it to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01048-00231911-00232167 this subset it will carry me
+o7BQRZsobi4-01049-00232167-00232391 carry it will carry this into
+o7BQRZsobi4-01050-00232392-00232582 ah this shaded region which is u one
+o7BQRZsobi4-01051-00232583-00232846 intersection u two and then there i
+o7BQRZsobi4-01052-00232848-00233006 apply p one
+o7BQRZsobi4-01053-00233007-00233158 so which means i am applying the map v
+o7BQRZsobi4-01054-00233159-00233319 one restricted to u one intersection u
+o7BQRZsobi4-01055-00233319-00233567 two that is what i have written next
+o7BQRZsobi4-01056-00233567-00233703 this is the map v one to c d one
+o7BQRZsobi4-01057-00233704-00233927 intersection u two and this is called a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01058-00233928-00234071 transition function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01059-00234071-00234646 it is called a transition function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01060-00234648-00235263 and you know
+o7BQRZsobi4-01061-00235264-00235367 what is the importance of this
+o7BQRZsobi4-01062-00235367-00235519 transition function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01063-00235519-00235606 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01064-00235607-00235734 it is the following
+o7BQRZsobi4-01065-00235735-00236031 see suppose i have a function defined
+o7BQRZsobi4-01066-00236032-00236239 in a neighborhood of the point
+o7BQRZsobi4-01067-00236240-00236391 ok suppose i have function defined in
+o7BQRZsobi4-01068-00236392-00236558 neighborhood of the point
+o7BQRZsobi4-01069-00236559-00236719 you know to say that the function is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01070-00236719-00236919 analytic at that point
+o7BQRZsobi4-01071-00236919-00237142 i have to use a chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01072-00237144-00237342 that's what my definition says
+o7BQRZsobi4-01073-00237344-00237479 all right so you know if i have a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01074-00237480-00237671 function defined on this u one
+o7BQRZsobi4-01075-00237671-00237831 intersection u two
+o7BQRZsobi4-01076-00237832-00238039 with values in the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-01077-00238040-00238279 okay then to say that the function is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01078-00238280-00238479 analytic at the point x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01079-00238480-00238703 okay i can either choose just this chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01080-00238704-00238879 or that chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01081-00238880-00239055 all right
+o7BQRZsobi4-01082-00239056-00239158 because to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01083-00239159-00239287 say that the function is analytic at a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01084-00239288-00239446 point i have to use a chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01085-00239448-00239679 that's that's how that's how i do it
+o7BQRZsobi4-01086-00239680-00239919 all right and the the point is i want to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01087-00239919-00240215 do it in such a way that it's i i its
+o7BQRZsobi4-01088-00240216-00240327 consistent
+o7BQRZsobi4-01089-00240328-00240503 okay namely i do not want it to be
+o7BQRZsobi4-01090-00240504-00240655 analytic with respect to one chart and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01091-00240656-00240791 not analytic with respect to another
+o7BQRZsobi4-01092-00240792-00240879 chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01093-00240880-00241006 that means there is some restriction on
+o7BQRZsobi4-01094-00241007-00241182 the charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01095-00241183-00241327 when they overlap
+o7BQRZsobi4-01096-00241328-00241494 and that restriction is that this
+o7BQRZsobi4-01097-00241496-00241646 transition function should be a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01098-00241648-00241855 holomorphic isomorphs
+o7BQRZsobi4-01099-00241856-00242023 okay so
+o7BQRZsobi4-01100-00242023-00242215 see so let me write that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01101-00242216-00242591 down and explain why ah f is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01102-00242592-00242855 analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01103-00242856-00243039 at the point x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01104-00243040-00243271 with respect to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01105-00243271-00243682 with respect to the chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01106-00243683-00244246 ah u1 comma v1
+o7BQRZsobi4-01107-00244248-00244430 well
+o7BQRZsobi4-01108-00244431-00244663 if
+o7BQRZsobi4-01109-00244664-00244887 what is the condition
+o7BQRZsobi4-01110-00244888-00245055 i
+o7BQRZsobi4-01111-00245056-00245319 so you know this point ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01112-00245319-00245591 this point x goes to a point here
+o7BQRZsobi4-01113-00245592-00245991 ok which is phi to v1 of x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01114-00245992-00246175 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01115-00246176-00246310 what is the definition of f being
+o7BQRZsobi4-01116-00246311-00246471 analytic at x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01117-00246471-00246719 i compose f with v 1 inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01118-00246719-00246839 and i say
+o7BQRZsobi4-01119-00246840-00247046 v 1 inverse followed by f
+o7BQRZsobi4-01120-00247048-00247279 is analytic at v 1 x now that is my
+o7BQRZsobi4-01121-00247280-00247439 definition here
+o7BQRZsobi4-01122-00247440-00247623 so the definition is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01123-00247623-00247758 f circle
+o7BQRZsobi4-01124-00247759-00247919 v 1 inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01125-00247919-00248271 is analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01126-00248271-00248487 at p one x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01127-00248488-00248655 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01128-00248656-00248782 but then
+o7BQRZsobi4-01129-00248783-00249263 f is also analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01130-00249264-00249639 at x with respect to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01131-00249640-00250063 ah the chart u two comma phi two
+o7BQRZsobi4-01132-00250064-00250255 if
+o7BQRZsobi4-01133-00250256-00250623 f c phi two inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01134-00250623-00250975 is analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01135-00250976-00251423 at v to x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01136-00251423-00251623 what does this mean this means i am
+o7BQRZsobi4-01137-00251623-00251846 trying to define ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01138-00251848-00252039 f to be analytic at the point x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01139-00252040-00252246 using this chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01140-00252248-00252391 which means what i do
+o7BQRZsobi4-01141-00252392-00252582 is that i take this point x i take its
+o7BQRZsobi4-01142-00252583-00252719 image here
+o7BQRZsobi4-01143-00252719-00252927 i will get a point phi to x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01144-00252928-00253094 and now i am saying is now you look at
+o7BQRZsobi4-01145-00253096-00253263 this composite function which is first
+o7BQRZsobi4-01146-00253264-00253503 apply phi 2 inverse then apply f
+o7BQRZsobi4-01147-00253504-00253687 now that composite function is defined
+o7BQRZsobi4-01148-00253688-00253910 from an open subset of the complex plane
+o7BQRZsobi4-01149-00253911-00254046 and it is a complex valued function so
+o7BQRZsobi4-01150-00254048-00254303 it makes sense to say it is analytic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01151-00254304-00254479 all right so you see
+o7BQRZsobi4-01152-00254480-00254703 what is happening is now i had two
+o7BQRZsobi4-01153-00254704-00254839 charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01154-00254840-00254975 i had two charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01155-00254976-00255167 i am getting two definitions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01156-00255167-00255342 of the same function being analytic at
+o7BQRZsobi4-01157-00255344-00255471 the same point
+o7BQRZsobi4-01158-00255471-00255623 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-01159-00255623-00255879 so you what you can continue i mean you
+o7BQRZsobi4-01160-00255880-00256071 can see from this that as many charts as
+o7BQRZsobi4-01161-00256071-00256294 i can find at that point
+o7BQRZsobi4-01162-00256296-00256382 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-01163-00256383-00256591 i will get as many definitions of the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01164-00256592-00256687 function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01165-00256688-00256998 being analytic at that point but you see
+o7BQRZsobi4-01166-00257000-00257158 the property of a function being
+o7BQRZsobi4-01167-00257159-00257351 analytic at a point is intrinsic it
+o7BQRZsobi4-01168-00257352-00257663 should not depend on anything okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-01169-00257664-00257879 all nice properties like continuity
+o7BQRZsobi4-01170-00257880-00258094 differentiability ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01171-00258096-00258271 analyticity they are all intrinsic to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01172-00258271-00258398 the function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01173-00258400-00258567 they should not
+o7BQRZsobi4-01174-00258567-00258719 these are all properties that should not
+o7BQRZsobi4-01175-00258719-00258798 change
+o7BQRZsobi4-01176-00258800-00259055 if you change coordinates
+o7BQRZsobi4-01177-00259056-00259310 if you make a nice change of coordinates
+o7BQRZsobi4-01178-00259311-00259591 these properties will not change
+o7BQRZsobi4-01179-00259592-00259823 so the property of function being
+o7BQRZsobi4-01180-00259823-00260071 analytic should not change
+o7BQRZsobi4-01181-00260071-00260230 so that means all these definitions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01182-00260231-00260430 should
+o7BQRZsobi4-01183-00260431-00260630 be consistent with one another it should
+o7BQRZsobi4-01184-00260631-00260871 not happen that you know ah my p 1 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01185-00260871-00261071 phi 2 are charts i mean these two charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01186-00261071-00261271 are such that you know with respect to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01187-00261271-00261382 this chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01188-00261383-00261567 the function is analytic at x but with
+o7BQRZsobi4-01189-00261567-00261687 respect to this chart the function is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01190-00261688-00261846 not analytic at x such things should not
+o7BQRZsobi4-01191-00261848-00261942 happen
+o7BQRZsobi4-01192-00261944-00262230 ok that tells me that the kind of charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01193-00262231-00262423 that i can consider
+o7BQRZsobi4-01194-00262424-00262567 they should be restricted in some way
+o7BQRZsobi4-01195-00262568-00262839 and the restriction is the following
+o7BQRZsobi4-01196-00262840-00262967 it is the following
+o7BQRZsobi4-01197-00262968-00263415 both are equivalent
+o7BQRZsobi4-01198-00263416-00263527 if
+o7BQRZsobi4-01199-00263528-00263695 g one two
+o7BQRZsobi4-01200-00263696-00264087 is a holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01201-00264088-00264719 isomorphs
+o7BQRZsobi4-01202-00264720-00264871 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01203-00264872-00265079 which happens
+o7BQRZsobi4-01204-00265080-00265447 which happens
+o7BQRZsobi4-01205-00265448-00266182 if g one two is holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01206-00266183-00266463 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01207-00266464-00266599 so you see
+o7BQRZsobi4-01208-00266600-00266982 ah so let me make a couple of statements
+o7BQRZsobi4-01209-00266983-00267110 you see
+o7BQRZsobi4-01210-00267111-00267343 first of all i am saying that look at
+o7BQRZsobi4-01211-00267344-00267503 the nice condition that this transition
+o7BQRZsobi4-01212-00267504-00267799 function is holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01213-00267800-00267982 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-01214-00267983-00268206 mind you this function is from this
+o7BQRZsobi4-01215-00268207-00268447 shaded region to that shaded region so
+o7BQRZsobi4-01216-00268448-00268606 it is a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01217-00268607-00268815 function from an open subset of the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01218-00268816-00268975 complex plane to another open subset of
+o7BQRZsobi4-01219-00268976-00269206 the complex plane okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-01220-00269207-00269327 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01221-00269328-00269630 ah its the its actually a homium offset
+o7BQRZsobi4-01222-00269631-00269775 because its a composition of chromium
+o7BQRZsobi4-01223-00269776-00269910 offsets
+o7BQRZsobi4-01224-00269911-00270103 this is a hope this way from this shaded
+o7BQRZsobi4-01225-00270104-00270239 region to that intersection is a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01226-00270240-00270455 homeosome because
+o7BQRZsobi4-01227-00270456-00270687 it is given by ph two inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01228-00270688-00270903 ok and from that shaded region to this
+o7BQRZsobi4-01229-00270904-00271063 shade this shaded region is again a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01230-00271064-00271295 homomorphism because it is given by v1
+o7BQRZsobi4-01231-00271296-00271406 so this is a composition of
+o7BQRZsobi4-01232-00271407-00271758 homeomorphisms so its a homium offset ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01233-00271759-00271991 but in particular it means that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01234-00271992-00272230 it is one to one mind you ok so if you
+o7BQRZsobi4-01235-00272231-00272575 put the condition that g on 2 is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01236-00272576-00272767 holomorphic then you have a 1 1
+o7BQRZsobi4-01237-00272768-00272927 holomorphic function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01238-00272928-00273239 ok but we have seen
+o7BQRZsobi4-01239-00273240-00273406 in the previous lectures that if you
+o7BQRZsobi4-01240-00273407-00273591 have one to one holomorphic function it
+o7BQRZsobi4-01241-00273592-00273879 is a holomorphic isomorphism
+o7BQRZsobi4-01242-00273880-00274071 just putting the condition
+o7BQRZsobi4-01243-00274072-00274303 that a holomorphic function is one to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01244-00274304-00274519 one will ensure that the inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01245-00274520-00274758 function is also holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01246-00274759-00275055 ok that this is what we saw when we
+o7BQRZsobi4-01247-00275056-00275287 studied the inverse function theorem
+o7BQRZsobi4-01248-00275288-00275439 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01249-00275440-00275710 so the condition that g one two is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01250-00275711-00275951 holomorphic is sufficient to guarantee
+o7BQRZsobi4-01251-00275952-00276119 that g one two is actually
+o7BQRZsobi4-01252-00276120-00276351 holomorphically isomorphic namely that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01253-00276352-00276567 the inverse of g one two
+o7BQRZsobi4-01254-00276568-00276758 g one two inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01255-00276759-00276999 that is holomorphic ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01256-00277000-00277247 and why does that help to say that these
+o7BQRZsobi4-01257-00277248-00277695 two definitions are equal
+o7BQRZsobi4-01258-00277696-00277887 that is because
+o7BQRZsobi4-01259-00277888-00278134 of the simple calculation
+o7BQRZsobi4-01260-00278135-00278351 you see if i take
+o7BQRZsobi4-01261-00278352-00278567 if i take g 1 2
+o7BQRZsobi4-01262-00278568-00278879 if i take g 1 2 and then apply ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01263-00278880-00279039 f circle
+o7BQRZsobi4-01264-00279040-00279239 v one inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01265-00279240-00279447 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01266-00279448-00279830 i will get f circle v two inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01267-00279831-00280023 see because you see g one two is p one
+o7BQRZsobi4-01268-00280024-00280215 phi two inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01269-00280216-00280647 ok forget the restrictions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01270-00280648-00280806 don't don't worry about the restrictions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01271-00280807-00280975 because
+o7BQRZsobi4-01272-00280976-00281063 i mean
+o7BQRZsobi4-01273-00281064-00281239 writing them also down will make the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01274-00281240-00281399 notation complicated
+o7BQRZsobi4-01275-00281400-00281534 g 1 2 is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01276-00281535-00281839 v one composition phi two inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01277-00281840-00282103 ok if i plug it in here i will get f
+o7BQRZsobi4-01278-00282104-00282358 composition v one inverse composition v
+o7BQRZsobi4-01279-00282359-00282543 one composition phi two inverse and that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01280-00282544-00282679 will and because p one inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01281-00282680-00282879 composition p one is identity i will get
+o7BQRZsobi4-01282-00282880-00283127 f sub f composition v to inverse so what
+o7BQRZsobi4-01283-00283128-00283255 this tells you
+o7BQRZsobi4-01284-00283256-00283510 is that this function f circle phi 1
+o7BQRZsobi4-01285-00283511-00283767 inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01286-00283768-00283982 it differs from the other function f
+o7BQRZsobi4-01287-00283983-00284158 circle phi 2 inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01288-00284159-00284271 by
+o7BQRZsobi4-01289-00284272-00284471 a function which is a holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01290-00284472-00284630 isomorphism
+o7BQRZsobi4-01291-00284631-00284895 so you know if if this is if this is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01292-00284896-00285054 holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01293-00285055-00285239 and then because this is holomorphic the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01294-00285240-00285375 composition will become homomorphic so
+o7BQRZsobi4-01295-00285376-00285558 this will become homomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01296-00285559-00285679 conversely
+o7BQRZsobi4-01297-00285680-00285895 if this is holomorphic i can move g one
+o7BQRZsobi4-01298-00285896-00286087 two to the other side by operating by g
+o7BQRZsobi4-01299-00286088-00286287 one two inverse because mind you g one
+o7BQRZsobi4-01300-00286288-00286495 two inverse is also a holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01301-00286496-00286687 isomorphism
+o7BQRZsobi4-01302-00286688-00286815 and that will tell you that this will be
+o7BQRZsobi4-01303-00286816-00286927 hormone
+o7BQRZsobi4-01304-00286928-00287127 so this is this is the same as saying
+o7BQRZsobi4-01305-00287128-00287279 and this is equivalent you know f circle
+o7BQRZsobi4-01306-00287280-00287558 phi 1 inverse is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01307-00287559-00287830 f circle phi 2 inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01308-00287831-00288071 composition g 1 2 inverse
+o7BQRZsobi4-01309-00288072-00288151 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01310-00288152-00288319 g 1 2 inverse is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01311-00288320-00288758 if you look at it carefully it is g 2 1.
+o7BQRZsobi4-01312-00288759-00288991 the way we have defined it and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01313-00288992-00289215 g one two is holomorphic if and only if
+o7BQRZsobi4-01314-00289216-00289406 g two one is holomorphic that is because
+o7BQRZsobi4-01315-00289407-00289567 an injective holomorphic function is a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01316-00289568-00289775 holomorphic isomorphs
+o7BQRZsobi4-01317-00289776-00289927 ok so
+o7BQRZsobi4-01318-00289928-00290175 the beautiful condition is that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01319-00290176-00290295 if you are
+o7BQRZsobi4-01320-00290296-00290582 only restricting to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01321-00290583-00290887 deciding the analyticity of a function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01322-00290888-00291095 by using charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01323-00291096-00291199 which
+o7BQRZsobi4-01324-00291200-00291439 whenever they overlap they satisfy this
+o7BQRZsobi4-01325-00291440-00291558 condition
+o7BQRZsobi4-01326-00291559-00291695 that the transition functions are
+o7BQRZsobi4-01327-00291696-00291927 holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01328-00291928-00292239 then for all these collection of charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01329-00292240-00292447 the holomas the analyticity of a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01330-00292448-00292606 function the holomorphicity of a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01331-00292607-00292943 function will not change
+o7BQRZsobi4-01332-00292944-00293247 ok so the model of the story is that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01333-00293248-00293503 to do analysis on a surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01334-00293504-00293887 you just give me a collection of charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01335-00293888-00293975 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01336-00293976-00294239 which covers every point
+o7BQRZsobi4-01337-00294240-00294423 and in order that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01338-00294424-00294679 the notion of a holomorphic function at
+o7BQRZsobi4-01339-00294680-00294895 a point does not depend on your chart
+o7BQRZsobi4-01340-00294896-00295054 make sure that whenever two charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01341-00295055-00295263 intersect they are compatible in the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01342-00295264-00295463 sense namely that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01343-00295464-00295623 the corresponding transition functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01344-00295624-00295871 are holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01345-00295872-00295975 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01346-00295976-00296223 so if you therefore if you start with
+o7BQRZsobi4-01347-00296224-00296382 the surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01348-00296383-00296623 and cover it
+o7BQRZsobi4-01349-00296624-00296910 by such a collection of charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01350-00296911-00297199 which are compatible to one another
+o7BQRZsobi4-01351-00297200-00297406 then you will be able to concretely tell
+o7BQRZsobi4-01352-00297407-00297543 when a function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01353-00297544-00297727 on that surface is holomorphic at a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01354-00297728-00297879 point
+o7BQRZsobi4-01355-00297880-00298063 and therefore when it is holomorphic on
+o7BQRZsobi4-01356-00298064-00298295 an open set and so on so you can study
+o7BQRZsobi4-01357-00298296-00298439 you can define and study holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01358-00298440-00298543 functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01359-00298544-00298734 so what what this discussion tells you
+o7BQRZsobi4-01360-00298735-00298927 is that if you have if you want to do
+o7BQRZsobi4-01361-00298928-00299110 complex analysis on a surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01362-00299111-00299247 you have to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01363-00299248-00299406 endo that surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01364-00299407-00299671 with a collection of charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01365-00299672-00299958 which covers all
+o7BQRZsobi4-01366-00299959-00300151 all of the surface which covers every
+o7BQRZsobi4-01367-00300152-00300343 point of the surface and with the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01368-00300344-00300519 condition that whenever two charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01369-00300520-00300647 intersect
+o7BQRZsobi4-01370-00300648-00300823 the corresponding transition functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01371-00300824-00300982 are holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01372-00300983-00301158 such a collection of compatible charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01373-00301159-00301310 is called an atlas
+o7BQRZsobi4-01374-00301311-00301399 okay
+o7BQRZsobi4-01375-00301400-00301503 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01376-00301504-00301758 a surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01377-00301759-00302030 given an atlas is called raymond surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01378-00302031-00302158 and its called a rayman surface because
+o7BQRZsobi4-01379-00302159-00302367 it was first studied by riemann and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01380-00302368-00302503 basically
+o7BQRZsobi4-01381-00302504-00302710 that is the structure
+o7BQRZsobi4-01382-00302711-00302830 that you need
+o7BQRZsobi4-01383-00302831-00302999 to define and study holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01384-00303000-00303215 functions on the surface ok so let me
+o7BQRZsobi4-01385-00303216-00303543 write that down
+o7BQRZsobi4-01386-00303544-00303799 we say
+o7BQRZsobi4-01387-00303800-00303934 we see
+o7BQRZsobi4-01388-00303935-00304071 that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01389-00304072-00304239 if
+o7BQRZsobi4-01390-00304240-00304510 x is given
+o7BQRZsobi4-01391-00304511-00304839 a collection
+o7BQRZsobi4-01392-00304840-00304943 of
+o7BQRZsobi4-01393-00304944-00305282 charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01394-00305283-00305463 which
+o7BQRZsobi4-01395-00305464-00305671 cover
+o7BQRZsobi4-01396-00305672-00306087 every point of x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01397-00306088-00306310 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01398-00306311-00306430 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01399-00306431-00306654 which are compatible
+o7BQRZsobi4-01400-00306655-00307463 which are pairwise compatible
+o7BQRZsobi4-01401-00307464-00307687 that is
+o7BQRZsobi4-01402-00307688-00307958 whenever
+o7BQRZsobi4-01403-00307959-00308134 two charts intersects
+o7BQRZsobi4-01404-00308135-00308743 intersect
+o7BQRZsobi4-01405-00308744-00309482 the transition function the transition
+o7BQRZsobi4-01406-00309483-00310151 function are holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01407-00310152-00310558 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01408-00310559-00310695 then
+o7BQRZsobi4-01409-00310696-00311127 we we may define
+o7BQRZsobi4-01410-00311128-00311519 and study
+o7BQRZsobi4-01411-00311520-00311999 holomorphic functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01412-00312000-00312167 of course
+o7BQRZsobi4-01413-00312168-00312295 sometimes i use the word analytics
+o7BQRZsobi4-01414-00312296-00312471 sometimes i use the word holomorphic but
+o7BQRZsobi4-01415-00312472-00312727 they are one in the same ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01416-00312728-00312927 so we may define and study holomorphic
+o7BQRZsobi4-01417-00312928-00313567 that is analytic functions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01418-00313568-00313727 onyx
+o7BQRZsobi4-01419-00313728-00314551 without ambiguity
+o7BQRZsobi4-01420-00314552-00315119 such a collection such a collection
+o7BQRZsobi4-01421-00315120-00315454 of charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01422-00315455-00316695 on of of compatible charts
+o7BQRZsobi4-01423-00316696-00316934 on x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01424-00316935-00317134 is called
+o7BQRZsobi4-01425-00317135-00317375 a complex
+o7BQRZsobi4-01426-00317376-00317623 atlas
+o7BQRZsobi4-01427-00317624-00317791 on x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01428-00317792-00318079 and
+o7BQRZsobi4-01429-00318080-00318191 x
+o7BQRZsobi4-01430-00318192-00318534 together
+o7BQRZsobi4-01431-00318535-00318967 with the complex atlas
+o7BQRZsobi4-01432-00318968-00319191 atlas
+o7BQRZsobi4-01433-00319192-00319447 is called
+o7BQRZsobi4-01434-00319448-00320399 a riemann surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01435-00320400-00321734 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01436-00321735-00321967 and the riemann surface is the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01437-00321968-00322103 correct structure
+o7BQRZsobi4-01438-00322104-00322263 that allows you to do complex analysis
+o7BQRZsobi4-01439-00322264-00322575 on surface ok of course
+o7BQRZsobi4-01440-00322576-00322854 the important point is that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01441-00322855-00323063 you could have different sets of
+o7BQRZsobi4-01442-00323064-00323247 you could have different atlases
+o7BQRZsobi4-01443-00323248-00323582 giving different riemann surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01444-00323583-00324110 structures on the same set x ok and then
+o7BQRZsobi4-01445-00324111-00324303 it becomes a question of geometry as to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01446-00324304-00324527 how how many such structures are there
+o7BQRZsobi4-01447-00324528-00324719 and whether they are
+o7BQRZsobi4-01448-00324720-00325079 isomorphic to one another or not and how
+o7BQRZsobi4-01449-00325080-00325303 these structures reflect the geometry of
+o7BQRZsobi4-01450-00325304-00325479 and the topology of x and so on and so
+o7BQRZsobi4-01451-00325480-00325679 forth its a very interesting area of
+o7BQRZsobi4-01452-00325680-00325943 research and study ok so
+o7BQRZsobi4-01453-00325944-00326087 i will stop this lecture
+o7BQRZsobi4-01454-00326088-00326287 by just saying that
+o7BQRZsobi4-01455-00326288-00326534 the reason why i did all this is to tell
+o7BQRZsobi4-01456-00326535-00326863 you that if you take a
+o7BQRZsobi4-01457-00326864-00327071 function of two complex variables
+o7BQRZsobi4-01458-00327072-00327215 and if you put some
+o7BQRZsobi4-01459-00327216-00327447 nice smoothness conditions
+o7BQRZsobi4-01460-00327448-00327543 on the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01461-00327544-00327743 on that function namely you put the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01462-00327744-00328054 condition that ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01463-00328055-00328303 at least one of the partial derivatives
+o7BQRZsobi4-01464-00328304-00328495 does not vanish at each point
+o7BQRZsobi4-01465-00328496-00328591 then
+o7BQRZsobi4-01466-00328592-00328847 the locus of zeros of that function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01467-00328848-00329023 ah
+o7BQRZsobi4-01468-00329024-00329295 becomes a riemann surface and why it
+o7BQRZsobi4-01469-00329296-00329447 becomes the rayman surface is because of
+o7BQRZsobi4-01470-00329448-00329639 the implicit function there so the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01471-00329640-00329847 implicit function theorem
+o7BQRZsobi4-01472-00329848-00330006 allows you to
+o7BQRZsobi4-01473-00330007-00330158 look at the
+o7BQRZsobi4-01474-00330159-00330334 zero locus
+o7BQRZsobi4-01475-00330335-00330727 of a complex function of two variables
+o7BQRZsobi4-01476-00330728-00331023 ok as a riemann surface
+o7BQRZsobi4-01477-00331024-00331223 and therefore on the set on that zero
+o7BQRZsobi4-01478-00331224-00331399 locus you can do ah you can do complex
+o7BQRZsobi4-01479-00331400-00331527 analysis
+o7BQRZsobi4-01480-00331528-00331606 ok
+o7BQRZsobi4-01481-00331607-00331767 that is the that is an important
+o7BQRZsobi4-01482-00331768-00331895 application of the implicit function
+o7BQRZsobi4-01483-00331896-00332134 there i will explain that in detail in
+o7BQRZsobi4-01484-00332135-00334447 the next lecture
+o7BQRZsobi4-01485-00334448-00334655 you
+o7Hk2IDWbG0-00000-00000498-00002076 [Music]
+o7Hk2IDWbG0-00001-00002077-00002222 thank you
+o7Hk2IDWbG0-00002-00002223-00003041 [Music]
+o7Hk2IDWbG0-00003-00003042-00003659 foreign
+o7Hk2IDWbG0-00004-00003660-00004654 foreign
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+o7Hk2IDWbG0-00006-00005446-00006341 [Music]
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+o8rHmO-dPVu-00001-00004768-00005951 foreign
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+o8rHmO-dPVu-00010-00017528-00018054 so
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+o8rHmO-dPVu-00014-00028824-00029032 you
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+ornq4b0sjeu-00004-00006255-00006739 so
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+ornq4b0sjeu-00006-00007495-00007714 so
+ornq4b0sjeu-00008-00011847-00012618 so
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+ornq4b0sjeu-00015-00025907-00027411 [Music]
+ornq4b0sjeu-00016-00027412-00029702 [Applause]
+ornq4b0sjeu-00017-00029702-00030717 [Music]
+ornq4b0sjeu-00018-00030718-00030883 [Music]
+ornq4b0sjeu-00019-00030883-00031743 go go go go go go go go go go go go go
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+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00000-00000112-00000231 hey everyone
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00001-00000231-00000478 it's time for another exciting episode
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00002-00000479-00000663 of intro to r
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00003-00000664-00000871 so today we're going to talk about
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00004-00000872-00001103 looping which is probably my favorite
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00005-00001104-00001399 computer science um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00006-00001400-00001623 concept we'll have to say because it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00007-00001623-00001863 makes everything so much easier and so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00008-00001864-00002063 much faster
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00009-00002064-00002287 so let's get started and talk about
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00010-00002288-00002663 looping okay so looping
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00011-00002664-00002823 we're continuing on with this idea of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00012-00002824-00003087 flow control and computing and it's just
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00013-00003088-00003270 the idea of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00014-00003271-00003511 computers are good at really one thing
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00015-00003511-00003663 and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00016-00003664-00003838 that one thing is doing the same thing
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00017-00003839-00004006 over and over again but you don't want
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00018-00004007-00004183 to tell it if you have small changes to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00019-00004184-00004303 make you don't want to tell it every
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00020-00004304-00004470 time well just change this number to one
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00021-00004471-00004606 change this number two change this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00022-00004607-00004743 number to three change this number to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00023-00004744-00004838 four
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00024-00004839-00004959 you really wanna
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00025-00004960-00005279 sort of set them off with some basic uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00026-00005280-00005479 basic instructions and let them go and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00027-00005480-00005670 so looping is this other main method of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00028-00005671-00005902 flow control besides just the super
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00029-00005903-00006079 basic
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00030-00006080-00006318 decision making based on conditions uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00031-00006319-00006518 that helps computers run without
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00032-00006519-00006783 intervention okay so loops are sections
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00033-00006784-00007039 of code that run repeatedly until a stop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00034-00007040-00007278 condition is met and you'd find that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00035-00007279-00007527 stop condition
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00036-00007528-00007759 yeah and loops allow code to run while
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00037-00007759-00007934 changing things automatically and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00038-00007936-00008134 running sections of code so this is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00039-00008136-00008342 really really useful if you have a lot
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00040-00008343-00008623 of different calculations to do and you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00041-00008624-00008863 don't really want to tell it like oh now
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00042-00008864-00008991 i just change it to one now just
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00043-00008992-00009183 changing to two et cetera et cetera
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00044-00009184-00009278 right
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00045-00009279-00009599 uh so together taken together uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00046-00009600-00009742 functions conditional statements and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00047-00009743-00010023 loops make for a really powerful
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00048-00010024-00010278 trifecta in computing so we're going to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00049-00010279-00010423 talk we're usually going to mix all
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00050-00010424-00010606 three of these together
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00051-00010607-00010742 today so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00052-00010743-00010951 uh if you haven't gotten a chance to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00053-00010952-00011183 watch this code academy
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00054-00011184-00011327 um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00055-00011328-00011559 video on loops i want you to go ahead
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00056-00011560-00011767 and click it watch it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00057-00011768-00011951 put this one on pause and watch this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00058-00011952-00012199 load it's it's just a great little video
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00059-00012200-00012503 explainer about loops and i think it'll
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00060-00012504-00012670 do a good job to help
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00061-00012671-00012807 set the stage for what we're going to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00062-00012808-00012983 talk to you so go ahead and pause here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00063-00012984-00013199 if you haven't watched the video it's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00064-00013200-00013351 you know three or four minutes long it's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00065-00013352-00013566 not very long so pause here go watch
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00066-00013568-00013822 that video come back
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00067-00013823-00013991 okay i hope you're back
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00068-00013991-00014086 um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00069-00014087-00014519 so for repeat loops um so the first
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00070-00014519-00014663 type of loop we're going to talk about
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00071-00014663-00014927 is just something that repeats
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00072-00014928-00015127 repeat loops simply repeat a section of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00073-00015128-00015303 code that's all they do
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00074-00015304-00015455 uh and they will continue to repeat
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00075-00015456-00015783 until you break it okay so um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00076-00015784-00016063 uh in the uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00077-00016063-00016375 in the notebook you can uh play this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00078-00016376-00016591 comment and it just replace
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00079-00016592-00016815 and you'll notice that there's no way to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00080-00016816-00017063 break it so you actually have to stop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00081-00017064-00017199 this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00082-00017200-00017358 from running in the way that you do that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00083-00017359-00017583 is control c so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00084-00017584-00017871 you can control c it'll stop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00085-00017872-00017967 this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00086-00017968-00018175 but here's the basic structure of this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00087-00018176-00018335 you'll notice this is one of the few
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00088-00018336-00018527 functions that you actually don't have
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00089-00018528-00018679 the the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00090-00018680-00018967 parentheses here um it's repeat and it's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00091-00018968-00019103 just giving the command please repeat
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00092-00019104-00019311 the following lines of code and then
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00093-00019312-00019519 this sort of purple is what you should
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00094-00019520-00019879 repeat um telling the computer uh if you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00095-00019880-00020079 want to put multiple lines you can put
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00096-00020080-00020255 multiple lines and you just do that in
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00097-00020256-00020911 curly braces so that it looks like this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00098-00020912-00021199 so here's this again it's just repeating
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00099-00021200-00021278 and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00100-00021279-00021543 it will continue to repeat until
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00101-00021544-00021814 you kill it so go ahead and kill it with
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00102-00021815-00021983 ctrl c
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00103-00021984-00022119 um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00104-00022120-00022414 and again uh you may want to if you're
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00105-00022415-00022678 trying to knit this please don't
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00106-00022679-00022855 because
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00107-00022856-00023175 it won't work but you can restart r and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00108-00023176-00023327 clear output so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00109-00023328-00023503 that it gets rid of all of that stuff so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00110-00023504-00023703 you can go through the rest of the thing
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00111-00023704-00023942 with us um so yeah don't don't try to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00112-00023943-00024078 run these because again they literally
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00113-00024079-00024239 won't stop because there's no break
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00114-00024240-00024447 there's no break set so they just keep
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00115-00024448-00024535 going
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00116-00024536-00024622 um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00117-00024623-00024727 okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00118-00024728-00024903 so uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00119-00024904-00025103 that is maybe possibly not the most
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00120-00025104-00025263 helpful thing
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00121-00025264-00025414 no
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00122-00025415-00025575 so stopping let's learn how to stop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00123-00025576-00025734 repeat loops because that makes it a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00124-00025735-00025927 little bit more useful um the break
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00125-00025927-00026158 command will stop a repeat loop and any
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00126-00026160-00026462 other type of loop that you have
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00127-00026463-00026670 that you've set up so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00128-00026672-00027031 if you run this next thing um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00129-00027032-00027358 it again will only let this loop run
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00130-00027360-00027599 once okay because it prints the first
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00131-00027600-00027767 line the second line and then it breaks
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00132-00027768-00028031 the loop so it only allows which again
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00133-00028032-00028207 you know it's not super helpful but
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00134-00028208-00028302 we're just
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00135-00028304-00028558 figuring out how these things work um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00136-00028560-00028807 if you uh the the real way that you can
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00137-00028808-00028983 do that is setting up a condition to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00138-00028983-00029231 meet before breaking um and this is a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00139-00029232-00029446 little bit more useful right so in this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00140-00029447-00029711 example we're setting x uh initially to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00141-00029712-00029855 be one
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00142-00029856-00030135 we're repeating the first line here is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00143-00030136-00030367 actually just going to add one to x and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00144-00030368-00030599 overwrite it it's going to print and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00145-00030600-00030727 then
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00146-00030727-00031014 this uh final thing is an if statement
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00147-00031016-00031351 if x equals 10 then i want you to break
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00148-00031352-00031623 and so what this ends up looking like is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00149-00031624-00031711 this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00150-00031712-00031958 okay so it repeats 10 times and then
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00151-00031960-00032062 stops
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00152-00032063-00032318 which is good um so great
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00153-00032319-00032574 that's a repeat loop with a break you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00154-00032575-00032831 can add a conditional again to decide
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00155-00032832-00033087 how many times to break it or how many
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00156-00033088-00033318 times after which you should break it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00157-00033319-00033518 but remember to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00158-00033519-00033751 set that condition and then be adding on
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00159-00033752-00033951 to this x because otherwise you get into
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00160-00033952-00034207 an influence infinite loop as well
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00161-00034208-00034351 infinite repeat
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00162-00034352-00034423 um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00163-00034424-00034807 so i want you to break now
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00164-00034808-00034967 and check your understanding i want you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00165-00034968-00035167 to write a repeat loop that prints the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00166-00035168-00035455 value of the repetition and stops after
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00167-00035456-00035727 100 repetitions okay so go ahead and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00168-00035728-00035927 pop into that notebook check your
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00169-00035928-00036199 understanding here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00170-00036200-00036415 and write that out that prints the the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00171-00036416-00036607 number the value of the repetition and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00172-00036608-00037183 stops after 100 repetitions
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00173-00037184-00037407 okay hopefully you're back and and maybe
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00174-00037408-00037535 you struggled a little bit with that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00175-00037536-00037743 it's a little bit weird to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00176-00037744-00037999 to see um get used to doing that sort of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00177-00038000-00038190 thing but hopefully you're back
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00178-00038191-00038374 uh and again if you have any questions
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00179-00038375-00038559 you can note that and ask it during
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00180-00038560-00038783 class okay so let's talk about a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00181-00038784-00038951 different type of loop and this is the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00182-00038952-00039262 while loop so while loops look really
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00183-00039263-00039455 similar to repeat loops except they take
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00184-00039456-00039646 that condition as a stopping for
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00185-00039647-00039862 stopping as an argument okay so this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00186-00039863-00040095 one's gonna be really similar uh we can
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00187-00040096-00040279 use x as a counter to stop the loop when
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00188-00040280-00040646 it reaches 11. and so again we predefine
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00189-00040647-00040974 what x is just x equals one and then so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00190-00040975-00041230 uh the the syntax here is while does
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00191-00041231-00041446 take the parentheses arguments here and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00192-00041447-00041615 then inside is going to be that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00193-00041616-00041855 condition for break okay so what we're
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00194-00041856-00042246 saying is while x is less than 11 i want
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00195-00042247-00042511 you to run these lines so you print this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00196-00042512-00042751 will keep printing while x
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00197-00042752-00042974 while x is less than 11
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00198-00042975-00043199 and then you're going to remember to add
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00199-00043200-00043446 on to x for each of those loops right
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00200-00043447-00043639 because otherwise
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00201-00043640-00043879 x will never get to be over 11 and then
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00202-00043880-00044174 you'll just have an infinite loop again
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00203-00044175-00044311 it's really easy to do this which is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00204-00044312-00044518 just for why you have to remember to do
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00205-00044519-00044807 control control c to kill it so this is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00206-00044808-00045015 what it ends up looking like um it just
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00207-00045016-00045230 repeats this line 10 times right because
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00208-00045231-00045590 when it hits 11 at the top
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00209-00045591-00045711 it's going to stop the loop it's going
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00210-00045712-00045902 to break the loop before it runs at 11
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00211-00045903-00046183 an 11th time okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00212-00046184-00046415 all right don't forget again to include
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00213-00046416-00046655 a statement that turns false again so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00214-00046656-00046879 whenever this is true it can the while
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00215-00046880-00047071 loop will continue to repeat those lines
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00216-00047072-00047279 and as soon as it turns false at the top
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00217-00047280-00047495 it's going to stop the repeat okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00218-00047496-00047662 so you're going to wait forever forever
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00219-00047663-00047846 for that loop to stop if you don't make
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00220-00047847-00048055 sure that this argument at some point
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00221-00048056-00048327 that is appropriate turns false right
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00222-00048328-00048439 okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00223-00048440-00048671 so it's easy to substitute x for the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00224-00048672-00048902 value of x in any calculation so you can
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00225-00048903-00049183 again look at this and we're pinning
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00226-00049184-00049439 printing this pasted uh situation here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00227-00049440-00049862 which x is x so the value of x out of 10
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00228-00049863-00050079 and then we add one to x okay so what
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00229-00050080-00050327 this ends up looking like is this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00230-00050328-00050558 the value of x is one out of ten two out
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00231-00050559-00050727 of ten three out of ten
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00232-00050728-00050862 okay so right
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00233-00050863-00051238 that's really useful um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00234-00051239-00051414 okay so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00235-00051415-00051575 now that we've talked about wire loops
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00236-00051576-00051726 we're gonna hit on
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00237-00051727-00051935 um for loops which is probably the most
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00238-00051936-00052150 common type of loop that you see in
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00239-00052151-00052319 computing i mean i see while all the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00240-00052320-00052511 time too but
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00241-00052512-00052807 mostly it's four loops that i'll see
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00242-00052808-00053079 for loops repeat for a predetermined
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00243-00053079-00053238 number of times that you set as an
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00244-00053239-00053438 argument so instead of setting a stop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00245-00053439-00053638 condition what you're going to say is i
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00246-00053639-00053830 want you to loop through this vector
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00247-00053832-00054135 okay so and each time you loop through
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00248-00054136-00054294 it uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00249-00054295-00054519 you're going to take on the first number
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00250-00054520-00054711 then the second element the third
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00251-00054712-00054894 element the fourth element the fifth
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00252-00054895-00055054 so on fourth and so on to the end of the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00253-00055055-00055311 vector and then i want you to stop okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00254-00055312-00055519 so it's pretty straightforward each time
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00255-00055520-00055638 the loop starts the value of the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00256-00055639-00055887 variable will change to the next value
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00257-00055888-00056079 in that vector these are a little bit
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00258-00056079-00056238 easier
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00259-00056239-00056326 there
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00260-00056327-00056479 you don't get into the situation very
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00261-00056479-00056623 often with four loops where you have an
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00262-00056624-00056750 infinite loop because your stop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00263-00056751-00056887 condition is just the length of that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00264-00056888-00057207 vector and uh you can't make infinite
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00265-00057208-00057471 length vectors in r so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00266-00057472-00057703 it's a lot it's a lot less hard it's a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00267-00057704-00057959 lot easier to to make a determined
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00268-00057960-00058191 determinant and not an infinite loop a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00269-00058191-00058494 finite loop uh with these guys so here's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00270-00058495-00058799 our for loop here's the syntax here um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00271-00058800-00059023 so the four command does take again the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00272-00059024-00059223 parentheses and in that argument you're
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00273-00059224-00059471 going to do your variable
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00274-00059472-00059726 the word in okay which is an important
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00275-00059727-00059959 component that and then a vector and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00276-00059960-00060150 here we've set a vector as one uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00277-00060151-00060350 sequence one to ten for whole numbers
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00278-00060351-00060575 and then inside the the curly braces and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00279-00060576-00060735 again you can put this if you only have
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00280-00060736-00060887 one line you can actually just put it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00281-00060888-00061071 all on the same line and it'll execute
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00282-00061072-00061263 just that line but if you want more than
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00283-00061264-00061399 one line you put them inside curly
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00284-00061400-00061535 braces
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00285-00061536-00061687 and then we're going to do the print
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00286-00061688-00061791 paste
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00287-00061791-00062063 x is the value of x out of 10. okay so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00288-00062064-00062223 this is essentially going to give you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00289-00062224-00062487 the same stuff so the variable will run
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00290-00062488-00062806 every number in a sequence one to ten
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00291-00062807-00063006 and this example produces exactly the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00292-00063007-00063166 same output as the repeat and while
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00293-00063167-00063494 loops here so here it is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00294-00063495-00063703 you run it here and it's the value of x
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00295-00063704-00063926 is one so the first repetition it takes
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00296-00063927-00064103 on the value one
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00297-00064104-00064335 uh the second repetition it takes on the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00298-00064336-00064463 value of two
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00299-00064464-00064975 uh 3 4 so on all the way until 10 okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00300-00064976-00065199 pretty straightforward um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00301-00065200-00065375 the vector itself doesn't need to be a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00302-00065376-00065543 sequence of whole numbers you can do it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00303-00065544-00065775 by partial so here we're creating a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00304-00065776-00065967 sequence one to five
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00305-00065968-00066343 and stepping it uh forward um by 0.1
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00306-00066344-00066671 okay and so if we run this example here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00307-00066672-00066999 we see that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00308-00067000-00067094 each
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00309-00067095-00067343 each time the value is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00310-00067344-00067519 within the sequence so the first l minus
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00311-00067520-00067959 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 so forth and so on
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00312-00067960-00068094 until we hit
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00313-00068095-00068343 5 which is the end of this vector right
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00314-00068344-00068519 here the sequence vector uh and then it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00315-00068520-00068726 stops okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00316-00068727-00068919 good it also doesn't even need to be
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00317-00068920-00069167 sequenced any vector will really do here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00318-00069168-00069438 in this uh example i'm running actually
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00319-00069439-00069750 x in just a random set of ten numbers
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00320-00069751-00069950 and this will give you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00321-00069951-00070135 you know the value of x's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00322-00070136-00070294 just the first position the second
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00323-00070295-00070550 position third fourth so on and so forth
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00324-00070551-00070735 and you can see that here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00325-00070736-00070887 okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00326-00070888-00071126 so um yeah
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00327-00071127-00071335 that's pretty straightforward for
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00328-00071336-00071526 four loops
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00329-00071527-00071735 you can also nest for loops which is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00330-00071736-00071999 pretty fun uh this next next example
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00331-00072000-00072350 nests one for loop inside another uh so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00332-00072351-00072575 for the outer loop we call it the outer
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00333-00072576-00072926 loop because it's on the outside right
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00334-00072927-00073255 um we're setting the variable to x x is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00335-00073256-00073438 going to cycle one through five and then
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00336-00073439-00073655 the inner loop we're going to set a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00337-00073656-00073838 variable y so it's really important that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00338-00073839-00074023 you do set these variables to be
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00339-00074024-00074167 different from each other because if you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00340-00074168-00074462 set x in here then it's probably going
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00341-00074463-00074694 to get pretty confused it's going to be
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00342-00074695-00074959 pretty confusing as to what's going on
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00343-00074960-00075079 but
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00344-00075080-00075247 why this inner variable is going to run
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00345-00075248-00075494 6 to 10 okay so what you end up getting
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00346-00075495-00075671 here is the output like this and you can
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00347-00075672-00075879 run it in the notebook as well
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00348-00075880-00076159 okay and this you'll number notice that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00349-00076160-00076294 even though this is only supposed to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00350-00076295-00076535 this outer loop runs five times and this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00351-00076536-00076806 inner loop runs five times what happens
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00352-00076807-00077103 is uh it executes by line okay so it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00353-00077104-00077294 executes my line the first line it's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00354-00077295-00077543 like okay x equals one uh and then you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00355-00077544-00077735 go okay y equals six
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00356-00077736-00077982 it prints the value of x equals one and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00357-00077983-00078247 y is six and then what it doesn't do it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00358-00078248-00078438 doesn't go back to the outer loop it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00359-00078439-00078767 completes the inner loop okay before it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00360-00078768-00079079 moves on to the outer loop so you get
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00361-00079080-00079391 x is one y is seven x is one y is eight
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00362-00079392-00079719 x is one y is nine x is one y is ten and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00363-00079720-00079959 then it switches it's like okay done
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00364-00079960-00080103 with this inner loop time to go back to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00365-00080104-00080382 the outer loop the outer loop okay now x
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00366-00080383-00080631 is two and then it goes back in and does
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00367-00080632-00080750 the inner loop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00368-00080751-00080967 completely over again okay so you end up
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00369-00080968-00081238 getting 25 outputs here i've cut this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00370-00081239-00081447 off in the slide but here's the full
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00371-00081448-00081694 thing you end up getting 25 outputs
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00372-00081695-00081950 because it's the the number of times the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00373-00081951-00082143 inner loop the outer loop has to run
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00374-00082144-00082423 times the number of uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00375-00082424-00082615 loops that enter uh repetitions the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00376-00082616-00082871 inner loop has to over okay so again the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00377-00082872-00083094 inner loop will do a full cycle
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00378-00083095-00083471 for every repetition of that outer loop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00379-00083472-00083703 okay and so here's this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00380-00083704-00083894 all right so we've talked about all
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00381-00083895-00084255 three of the major types of loops um and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00382-00084256-00084494 one of the things that we uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00383-00084495-00084694 want to go ahead and do is implicit
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00384-00084695-00084967 looping with apply apply is a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00385-00084968-00085111 function that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00386-00085112-00085231 will
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00387-00085232-00085423 apply as a function
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00388-00085424-00085638 over the margins of a matrix and the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00389-00085639-00085903 margins meaning like either rows which
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00390-00085904-00086118 is one and columns which is two okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00391-00086119-00086367 it's an implicit loop because it has the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00392-00086368-00086623 same output as an explicit loop one that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00393-00086624-00086926 you like explicitly say or like do this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00394-00086927-00087206 loop um but it doesn't use for while or
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00395-00087207-00087575 repeat okay to do it um so if we set up
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00396-00087576-00087838 this example matrix what happens is we
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00397-00087839-00087918 are
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00398-00087919-00088135 creating a matrix that looks like this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00399-00088136-00088375 there we go
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00400-00088376-00088599 here's your matrix example matrix three
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00401-00088600-00088791 rows and five columns
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00402-00088792-00088871 um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00403-00088872-00089238 now uh we want to compute first the the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00404-00089239-00089543 the column means um with a for loop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00405-00089544-00089782 first just to show you how it goes and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00406-00089783-00090023 this is what is going to happen is that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00407-00090024-00090194 this first thing is called
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00408-00090195-00090406 pre-allocating space so we're just
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00409-00090407-00090687 creating a vector
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00410-00090688-00090911 that is the same length as the number of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00411-00090912-00091135 columns okay so it's going to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00412-00091136-00091343 basically settle a bunch of little boxes
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00413-00091344-00091431 open
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00414-00091432-00091679 little spaces for the answer to be
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00415-00091680-00091855 dropped in each one of those boxes and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00416-00091856-00092135 so there's gonna be five column means um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00417-00092136-00092391 so are uh yeah that's right five column
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00418-00092392-00092735 means yep and so five uh five boxes so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00419-00092736-00092959 five in a is here um and again that's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00420-00092960-00093199 called pre-allocating space for answers
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00421-00093200-00093431 because you just create a little box and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00422-00093432-00093567 drop those things in
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00423-00093568-00093671 um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00424-00093672-00093862 the second thing you're gonna do is uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00425-00093863-00094206 set x and the sequence is going to be 1
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00426-00094207-00094423 to the number of columns okay so we're
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00427-00094424-00094726 not saying oh you know i want to how
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00428-00094727-00094959 many columns are there there are five
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00429-00094960-00095150 what we want to do is actually we don't
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00430-00095151-00095335 want to just leave this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00431-00095336-00095559 flexible so if this happens to change
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00432-00095560-00095767 three this actually is is three columns
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00433-00095768-00095959 right here instead of five
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00434-00095960-00096231 but my example in the markdown document
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00435-00096232-00096591 is is five instead of three um this is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00436-00096592-00096750 going to remain flexible so it's going
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00437-00096751-00096991 to base how many loop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00438-00096992-00097206 loops to do and how many of these to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00439-00097207-00097438 calculate based on how big
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00440-00097439-00097655 my example is and then it's going to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00441-00097656-00097782 repeat this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00442-00097783-00097911 this number of times the number of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00443-00097912-00098071 columns
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00444-00098072-00098255 the mean it's going to take the mean of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00445-00098256-00098543 the column in that position so one two
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00446-00098544-00098759 three four five et cetera
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00447-00098760-00099038 and then it's going to store it in uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00448-00099039-00099303 the same the corresponding box number
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00449-00099304-00099487 okay in this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00450-00099488-00099687 rep this in a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00451-00099688-00099871 vector that we set up
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00452-00099872-00100191 and you can see as we do this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00453-00100192-00100503 that the the five columns here for this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00454-00100504-00100982 example matrix is 2 5 8 11 and 14 which
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00455-00100983-00101174 again is just the mean ones because it's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00456-00101175-00101494 going up and down by one okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00457-00101495-00101735 uh so we can also compute this with
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00458-00101736-00101974 apply and it's much shorter right you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00459-00101975-00102103 just
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00460-00102104-00102287 you're going to create that column means
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00461-00102288-00102454 two which is going to be the same as
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00462-00102455-00102599 column means one should be the same as
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00463-00102600-00102799 column means one you're just gonna uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00464-00102800-00103078 assign the output of apply onto that uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00465-00103079-00103358 that new object um the the way that you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00466-00103359-00103682 would do apply is again just oops
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00467-00103683-00103958 um the example matrix that you want to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00468-00103959-00104278 go over the margin so one is is rows and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00469-00104279-00104510 two is columns so here we're doing
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00470-00104511-00104702 columns and then the function name which
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00471-00104703-00104927 is going to be mean okay don't bother
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00472-00104928-00105166 putting the parentheses it's doing a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00473-00105167-00105415 search name match there okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00474-00105416-00105543 and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00475-00105544-00105775 here we'll see that this is exactly the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00476-00105776-00106054 same so yeah good
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00477-00106055-00106327 all right um so now that we know a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00478-00106328-00106502 little bit more about loops i want to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00479-00106503-00106751 just discuss what what good or why why
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00480-00106752-00106951 do people use loops what's what's this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00481-00106952-00107127 good for um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00482-00107128-00107310 they're really really useful especially
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00483-00107311-00107486 if you need to do repeated calculations
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00484-00107488-00107647 they're extremely fast they're very
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00485-00107648-00107854 useful and they will step through any
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00486-00107855-00108031 number of calculations that you want and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00487-00108032-00108263 tell it to for an example
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00488-00108264-00108527 example that we have up here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00489-00108528-00108766 excuse me um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00490-00108767-00109078 remember uh one of the homeworks asked
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00491-00109079-00109295 you in the vector's homework actually
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00492-00109296-00109519 asked you to do a element-wise
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00493-00109520-00109719 calculation of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00494-00109720-00109919 some vector
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00495-00109920-00110199 and added 1.3 to it and remember the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00496-00110200-00110415 vectorized calculation that we could do
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00497-00110416-00110527 for this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00498-00110528-00110647 is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00499-00110648-00110927 so if we do back one we could just do
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00500-00110928-00111254 back one plus 1.3 okay and it adds 1.3
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00501-00111255-00111390 to each of these elements but then i ask
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00502-00111391-00111599 you to do it element wise
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00503-00111600-00111799 which means adding
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00504-00111800-00112158 1.3 to each individual element of uh vac
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00505-00112159-00112366 one okay so here we're going to do
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00506-00112367-00112551 vector we're going to again pre-allocate
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00507-00112552-00112727 space for back two right there and then
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00508-00112728-00112934 we're going to use a for loop to loop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00509-00112935-00113023 over
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00510-00113024-00113319 uh the elements in back one so one two
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00511-00113320-00113575 the length the end of vect1 and then
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00512-00113576-00113783 we're going to use that to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00513-00113783-00113878 uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00514-00113879-00114143 add each to each element 1.3 and then
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00515-00114144-00114343 store it in this fact 2.
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00516-00114344-00114566 and what we end up with
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00517-00114567-00114710 2
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00518-00114711-00114919 is the same answer as just doing this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00519-00114920-00115127 element wise repeat which is pretty cool
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00520-00115128-00115334 okay so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00521-00115335-00115534 uh performing the results this is a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00522-00115535-00115783 really simple calculation obviously this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00523-00115783-00115966 isn't very complicated you could do this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00524-00115967-00116254 much quicker by doing it element-wise
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00525-00116255-00116510 or by a vectorized calculation with r
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00526-00116511-00116758 however you'll notice that uh when
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00527-00116759-00117007 you're doing this in r it's not that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00528-00117008-00117095 it's
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00529-00117096-00117407 it's actually behaving the same way
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00530-00117408-00117583 uh but what you're doing is pushing this
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00531-00117583-00117823 loop uh this for loop down into c so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00532-00117824-00117934 it's not like
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00533-00117935-00118199 um when you do this it's not doing a for
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00534-00118200-00118375 loop but it absolutely is it's just
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00535-00118376-00118599 doing it about down bass we call it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00536-00118600-00118847 pushing down into c so all of the base
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00537-00118848-00119047 code that r is written in
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00538-00119048-00119295 most of the base code is written in c
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00539-00119296-00119454 and so what it's doing is pushing that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00540-00119455-00119671 down um so essentially what you're doing
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00541-00119672-00119878 is just calling a for loop when you do
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00542-00119879-00120127 this type of add okay so when when you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00543-00120128-00120263 do this type of ad you're actually
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00544-00120264-00120423 calling a for loop it's just pushing it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00545-00120424-00120671 down into c which is a good bit faster
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00546-00120672-00120790 okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00547-00120791-00121078 so you know now how vectorized
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00548-00121079-00121478 calculations are actually done uh in
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00549-00121479-00121758 c so when should you use loops and which
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00550-00121759-00121919 loops should you use because obviously
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00551-00121920-00122119 we've talked about a bunch of them
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00552-00122120-00122231 loops are great for repeating
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00553-00122232-00122454 calculations again if you have like 500
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00554-00122455-00122647 calculations a thousand calculations a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00555-00122648-00122902 million that you need to do um you want
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00556-00122903-00123158 to put that in a repeat loop or some
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00557-00123159-00123471 kind of loop um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00558-00123472-00123639 all of these loops options are really
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00559-00123640-00123878 similar uh they can be coded mostly to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00560-00123879-00124071 produce the same output remember we did
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00561-00124072-00124310 an example for repeat
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00562-00124311-00124527 while and four that all produced exactly
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00563-00124528-00124678 the same output you just code it a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00564-00124679-00124902 little bit differently so it essentially
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00565-00124903-00125151 doesn't matter in most cases okay
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00566-00125152-00125383 for loops are probably the most common
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00567-00125383-00125527 um because they're the easiest to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00568-00125528-00125695 understand and they're also the easiest
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00569-00125696-00125919 not to get into a situation where you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00570-00125920-00126086 produce an infinite loop so it's a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00571-00126088-00126231 little bit easier to get into an
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00572-00126232-00126439 infinite loop with obviously repeat
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00573-00126440-00126566 because you don't set a break condition
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00574-00126567-00126807 correctly or while because for whatever
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00575-00126808-00126983 reason the break condition never turns
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00576-00126983-00127334 false okay so for loops um run that on
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00577-00127335-00127639 that predetermined number of number of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00578-00127640-00127958 times but many people also use apply or
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00579-00127959-00128110 similar functions
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00580-00128111-00128407 to implicitly loop an r and that is a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00581-00128408-00128583 little bit more restrictive because the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00582-00128583-00128863 data and i've included a list of the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00583-00128864-00129063 different apply uh
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00584-00129064-00129263 apply functions here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00585-00129264-00129375 um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00586-00129376-00129471 and they're a little bit more
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00587-00129472-00129678 restrictive because again like l apply
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00588-00129679-00129951 only works over a list or a vector um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00589-00129952-00130175 apply only works over a matrix you know
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00590-00130176-00130390 so those end up being a little bit more
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00591-00130391-00130551 restrictive although those are very
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00592-00130552-00130831 common data types that you may have
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00593-00130832-00131014 in r so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00594-00131015-00131190 but if you can't figure it out how to
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00595-00131191-00131519 use an apply command one of these apply
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00596-00131520-00131654 commands or functions you can always
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00597-00131655-00131895 just default to a for loop now that you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00598-00131896-00132054 know how to do it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00599-00132055-00132263 so for the last check your understanding
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00600-00132264-00132535 um i want you to actually calculate the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00601-00132536-00132663 fibonacci
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00602-00132664-00132919 sequence or series and it's a series of
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00603-00132920-00133127 numbers if you're not familiar with it
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00604-00133128-00133295 in which each number in the series is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00605-00133296-00133487 defined by adding the two previous
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00606-00133488-00133799 numbers um so the first two are zero and
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00607-00133800-00133919 one
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00608-00133920-00134199 then zero plus one equals one uh one
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00609-00134200-00134431 plus one equals two to one plus two
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00610-00134432-00134590 equals three cetera et cetera and you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00611-00134591-00134831 can keep going on forever
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00612-00134832-00135031 but i want you to use a for loop that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00613-00135032-00135302 calculates the first 500 fibonacci
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00614-00135303-00135478 numbers okay so you can't do this by
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00615-00135479-00135759 hand it's going to be too much um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00616-00135760-00135943 i've gotten you started though with the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00617-00135944-00136223 first few numbers here in the fibonacci
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00618-00136224-00136519 series i think the first four so
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00619-00136520-00136702 you have somewhere to start which is
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00620-00136703-00136783 great
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00621-00136784-00136966 you have an empty vector that you can
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00622-00136967-00137102 fill here
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00623-00137103-00137319 with numbers um
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00624-00137320-00137575 yeah and so what you need to do is do a
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00625-00137576-00137807 for loop or any sort of loop it doesn't
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00626-00137808-00137959 matter it doesn't have to be a for loop
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00627-00137960-00138135 but write a loop that calculates the
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00628-00138136-00138343 first 500 of those numbers and fills all
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00629-00138344-00138678 these boxes in this fib.nums all right
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00630-00138679-00138854 so with that i think we're pretty much
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00631-00138855-00139047 done um there's an assignment 3.4 that
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00632-00139048-00139214 you'll need to do and then you can read
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00633-00139215-00139527 chapter dave davies chapter 10.3 for
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00634-00139528-00139631 next time
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00635-00139632-00139959 but i am done for now and i'd like you
+ot3AJ1IPxtA-00636-00139960-00140332 to keep on coding
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00000-00000233-00000559 my name is Alex mashach I work on the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00001-00000560-00000763 side isolation team which is part of the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00002-00000764-00001061 wider chrome security team before we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00003-00001062-00001214 begin I just want to quote the give
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00004-00001215-00001441 credit to Charlie Rice and Camilla me
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00005-00001442-00001721 and that's Carl positive who gave this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00006-00001722-00001892 talk on previous occasions and actually
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00007-00001893-00002072 made the original version of these
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00008-00002073-00002350 slides and also know that this talk is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00009-00002351-00002540 about 15 minutes shorter than the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00010-00002541-00002780 previous version so I'll go fester and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00011-00002781-00002891 try to say to higher level
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00012-00002892-00003095 but if you need more details I encourage
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00013-00003096-00003343 you to also check out the past versions
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00014-00003344-00003697 so the stuff won't talk about basically
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00015-00003698-00003899 how that mission works we will start
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00016-00003900-00004118 with a simple case of what happens when
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00017-00004119-00004329 you type something into the only works
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00018-00004330-00004616 for us Nigeria the network requests how
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00019-00004617-00004826 we choose a renderer process for this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00020-00004827-00005011 what does it mean to commit an
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00021-00005012-00005165 aggregation kind of there how that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00022-00005166-00005377 differs from vult stop when you load
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00023-00005378-00005567 some resources like images and so forth
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00024-00005568-00005809 so we'll start with that and then at the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00025-00005810-00005972 end if we have time we'll get into some
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00026-00005973-00006226 more advanced cases as well
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00027-00006227-00006517 now this talk describes the current
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00028-00006518-00006773 state of the world where the m76
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00029-00006773-00006970 milestone as the current stable release
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00030-00006972-00007337 and m78 OS tip of tree and the few
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00031-00007338-00007553 notable recent changes are that the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00032-00007554-00007723 navigation code is in flux in terms of
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00033-00007725-00008087 moving from classic MVC to mojo so at
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00034-00008088-00008221 this point most of the important
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00035-00008222-00008438 navigation is just use mojo but you will
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00036-00008439-00008641 still see classic NPCs here and their
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00037-00008642-00008906 side isolation which you might have
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00038-00008907-00009152 heard about after many years of
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00039-00009153-00009284 development it's now the default
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00040-00009285-00009596 behavior on desktop platforms and this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00041-00009597-00009719 affects how we choose their other
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00042-00009720-00009881 classes you know get into that little
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00043-00009882-00009914 later
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00044-00009915-00010142 and finally network service my defaults
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00045-00010143-00010303 and this is how the navigation code
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00046-00010304-00010856 interacts with the network stack now it
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00047-00010857-00011084 was coordination among many processes
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00048-00011085-00011278 and John kind of covered this in his
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00049-00011279-00011477 talk already but basically the browser
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00050-00011478-00011699 process is the permission when it
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00051-00011700-00011831 interacts with the user controls
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00052-00011832-00012062 privileged resources like disk and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00053-00012063-00012323 manages all the other policies on terms
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00054-00012324-00012496 of navigation this is where all the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00055-00012497-00012790 important decisions get made
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00056-00012791-00013091 render processes take issue on
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00057-00013091-00013207 JavaScript and produce
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00058-00013208-00013471 rendering pages that users see they run
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00059-00013472-00013600 in the sandbox because we don't just
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00060-00013601-00013753 stuff come in from the web
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00061-00013754-00013921 yeah pronuncation this one important
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00062-00013922-00014104 thing to realize is that when you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00063-00014105-00014305 navigate from one page to another you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00064-00014306-00014536 can actually swap processes under the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00065-00014537-00014680 hood go from one rendering process to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00066-00014681-00015010 another one so now let's just go through
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00067-00015011-00015325 what happens when you do type something
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00068-00015326-00015562 into the underboss so first of all you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00069-00015563-00015790 could type either a URL or you could
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00070-00015791-00016084 type a search query which we first need
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00071-00016085-00016347 to take and convert into a basically URL
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00072-00016349-00016681 to query the default search provider so
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00073-00016682-00017014 none so that once we have the URL we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00074-00017015-00017251 give it to the current web contents to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00075-00017252-00017461 actually start the navigation now web
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00076-00017462-00017710 contents is this class that basically
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00077-00017711-00017938 represents the tab in most cases there
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00078-00017939-00018229 are some other uses of it like for
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00079-00018230-00018445 extensions and pop-up synchronous and so
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00080-00018446-00018562 forth but you'll be fine if you just
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00081-00018563-00018712 think of it as a current app
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00082-00018713-00018898 specifically of the white content area
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00083-00018899-00019102 like not including the type title not
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00084-00019103-00019357 including the Old West itself and as you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00085-00019358-00019504 never get in the same tab from one page
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00086-00019505-00019699 to another the web contents object stays
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00087-00019700-00019767 the same
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00088-00019768-00020119 now each web contents has another object
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00089-00020120-00020392 called navigation controller yeah when
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00090-00020393-00020632 you actually do Nami mocks than usual go
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00091-00020633-00020782 through that gate controller your
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00092-00020783-00021085 loadurl function and navigation
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00093-00021086-00021219 controller is basically your session
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00094-00021220-00021451 history so this keeps track of where
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00095-00021452-00021619 you've been in a particular tab so that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00096-00021620-00021847 you can go and use your back coordinates
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00097-00021848-00022060 to not get back and forth and note that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00098-00022061-00022219 this is different from browsing history
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00099-00022220-00022396 which is where you've been across all
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00100-00022397-00022869 three times next each delegation targets
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00101-00022870-00023053 a particular frame usually the main
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00102-00023054-00023302 frame can't represent frames we use in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00103-00023303-00023476 browser side object called a render
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00104-00023477-00023785 frame host and our render object called
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00105-00023786-00023983 render fade and they talked over as I
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00106-00023984-00024205 mentioned the classic mpcu or dojo and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00107-00024206-00024412 this kind of naming watch they find very
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00108-00024413-00024550 common in chrome where you have a food
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00109-00024551-00024799 host object on the browser side and a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00110-00024800-00024964 fool object over on your side and that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00111-00024965-00025486 they talk okay so now I'm gonna show you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00112-00025487-00025669 a timeline of roughly what happens to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00113-00025670-00025989 now in this navigation it starts in the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00114-00025991-00026320 browser process on the UI thread this is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00115-00026320-00026515 where we render UI but this also
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00116-00026516-00026668 as to be aware the bulk of the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00117-00026669-00026827 navigation called this this is where
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00118-00026828-00027014 like web contents is rendering posts and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00119-00027014-00027392 all of these objects actually live in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00120-00027393-00027751 blue have the network service so this in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00121-00027752-00027955 many cases today in most cases is in a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00122-00027956-00028198 separate process and in green we have
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00123-00028199-00028537 render process so the first step as I
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00124-00028538-00028773 mentioned this to convert the URL
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00125-00028774-00028982 basically convert your search query to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00126-00028983-00029183 URL if necessary and once we have the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00127-00029183-00029368 URL to navigate to we call a function
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00128-00029369-00029761 called begin there you see the next step
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00129-00029762-00029939 after that is to hop over to the network
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00130-00029939-00030179 service which will actually start the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00131-00030180-00030514 URL request once we hear back the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00132-00030515-00030680 response we jump back to the browser
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00133-00030681-00030946 process UI thread and choose render
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00134-00030947-00031501 process which will show the page next
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00135-00031502-00031693 step after that is to tell that render
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00136-00031694-00031882 process to commit the new navigation
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00137-00031883-00032068 there under process will create a new
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00138-00032069-00032293 HTML document replace the old one with
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00139-00032294-00032512 it and then basically a send back and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00140-00032513-00032717 back to the browser process saying yes I
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00141-00032718-00033032 did commit this navigation and at this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00142-00033033-00033179 point the navigation fall is basically
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00143-00033180-00033439 finished but nothing is showing the page
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00144-00033440-00033686 get like this throbber is still spinning
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00145-00033687-00033923 and the next step after that is the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00146-00033924-00034120 loading phase this is where the renderer
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00147-00034121-00034385 is going to basically read the response
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00148-00034386-00034651 body parse it and render it into a web
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00149-00034652-00034985 page and once that's done it will let
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00150-00034986-00035164 the browser know with another message
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00151-00035165-00035429 and say okay load stop this page has
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00152-00035430-00035815 finished fully loading at this point so
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00153-00035816-00035965 this is the kind of my brief overview
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00154-00035966-00036157 and I'm gonna dive into all these stages
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00155-00036158-00036401 and more details the time goes on but
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00156-00036402-00036742 before doing that just a brief mention
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00157-00036743-00036920 on how you would actually write code
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00158-00036921-00037192 that interacts with navigations and most
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00159-00037193-00037312 of the time you'll be interested in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00160-00037313-00037432 doing one of two things
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00161-00037433-00037724 so either you will want to observe that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00162-00037725-00037951 equations or you won't want to control
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00163-00037952-00038098 them or modify them somehow
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00164-00038099-00038354 so for observing navigations we have
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00165-00038355-00038576 this class called web content observer
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00166-00038577-00038795 and this is an interface that you can
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00167-00038796-00039067 implement and basically it will give you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00168-00039068-00039332 read-only notifications about various
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00169-00039333-00039532 stages of the timeline that I just
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00170-00039533-00039857 showed you the first four
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00171-00039858-00040061 our navigation events and they will
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00172-00040062-00040199 provide you an object called a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00173-00040200-00040408 navigation handle that you can query for
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00174-00040409-00040607 details like what the URL is what the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00175-00040608-00040898 frame that's navigating is and all kinds
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00176-00040899-00041186 of other details and the last two ovens
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00177-00041187-00041380 to start loading that stop loading are
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00178-00041381-00041579 about loading they basically bracket
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00179-00041580-00041905 like when the throbber starts and stops
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00180-00041906-00042358 is spinning now these are supposed to be
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00181-00042359-00042577 read-only events you're not supposed to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00182-00042578-00042770 just like cancel an ocean and started
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00183-00042771-00042926 you want from them if you want to do
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00184-00042927-00043064 something like that then we have another
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00185-00043065-00043336 mechanism called a navigation throttle
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00186-00043337-00043637 self throttles are objects that live on
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00187-00043638-00043933 the UI thread and they allow you to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00188-00043934-00044249 defer meaning pause or block navigations
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00189-00044250-00044699 of various stages so they will also give
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00190-00044700-00044839 you a now you should handle that you can
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00191-00044840-00045083 use to query for contexts the way you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00192-00045084-00045248 use them is basically you can implement
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00193-00045249-00045485 the public navigation or override the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00194-00045486-00045677 public navigation throttle class and all
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00195-00045678-00045970 right some of these methods you know
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00196-00045971-00046157 before navigation enters a particular
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00197-00046158-00046502 stage you will get a callback and from
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00198-00046503-00046733 there you can return a value that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00199-00046734-00046889 indicates whether the navigation should
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00200-00046890-00047183 proceed or whether it should be canceled
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00201-00047184-00047365 what may be a specific area code or even
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00202-00047366-00047740 some air page HTML or whether you want
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00203-00047741-00048046 to defer the navigation and actually
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00204-00048047-00048239 answer this later and this is useful if
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00205-00048240-00048374 you want to do some async work before
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00206-00048375-00048524 you make the final decision for example
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00207-00048525-00048785 and this is a pretty powerful mechanism
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00208-00048786-00049073 it's use for many things one example of
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00209-00049074-00049292 where it's useful is security checks for
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00210-00049293-00049430 example if you want to verify that that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00211-00049431-00049583 URL where you're going is actually safe
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00212-00049584-00049712 for you to visit
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00213-00049713-00049949 we might different a navigation until we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00214-00049950-00050455 verify that it is an n receiver blocking
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00215-00050456-00050789 okay so now let's go through some of
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00216-00050790-00050993 these steps in a little more detail
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00217-00050994-00051226 begin navigation as I mentioned is what
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00218-00051227-00051488 kicks off the navigation form we will
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00219-00051489-00051604 this is where I will create the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00220-00051605-00051838 navigation handle object and this will
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00221-00051839-00052061 basically track all the states of the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00222-00052062-00052455 navigation until the navigation commits
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00223-00052457-00052754 first thing we're gonna do afterward is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00224-00052754-00053024 to ask all the throttles that implement
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00225-00053025-00053167 will start request whether they went in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00226-00053169-00053241 all this time
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00227-00053242-00053654 to start and if all of them say yes that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00228-00053654-00053842 will create this navigation you are a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00229-00053844-00054176 loader object that will actually manage
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00230-00054177-00054367 the network request and interact with
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00231-00054369-00054682 the network service to make it will also
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00232-00054683-00054971 dispatch some observer events that start
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00233-00054972-00055148 loading in this start navigation which
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00234-00055149-00055366 you can use if you're interested in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00235-00055367-00055778 observing this stage the next step is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00236-00055779-00056005 for us to hop to the network service to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00237-00056007-00056219 actually make the request and I'm not
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00238-00056220-00056387 gonna go into a bunch of detail here
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00239-00056388-00056566 there's a networking what I want to talk
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00240-00056567-00056786 I think that you can check out for that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00241-00056787-00056954 but basically this and most things like
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00242-00056954-00057248 looking up the IP address Wow Venus if
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00243-00057249-00057488 it's an HTTP URL will want to establish
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00244-00057489-00057707 the TLS connection we want to construct
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00245-00057708-00057941 the request attached which is based on
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00246-00057941-00058070 where it's going and actually send it
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00247-00058071-00058766 out now the server may respond by saying
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00248-00058766-00058937 actually this is not work you're looking
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00249-00058938-00059201 for actually go to this other neurons
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00250-00059202-00059447 and this happens with the status code
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00251-00059448-00059791 302 or 300 something we call this server
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00252-00059792-00059999 redirect and if this happens one will
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00253-00060000-00060287 actually hop back to the UI thread well
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00254-00060288-00060416 we'll ask all the throttles that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00255-00060416-00060580 implement will redirect requests whether
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00256-00060582-00060710 or not they want to allow the redirect
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00257-00060711-00061046 to proceed and if all of them say yes we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00258-00061047-00061226 will hop back to the network service and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00259-00061227-00061508 reissue the request to the new URL and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00260-00061509-00061676 we'll also dispatch a degree rep
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00261-00061677-00061883 navigation web content subs are very
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00262-00061884-00062167 event and know that this can happen
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00263-00062169-00062317 multiple times so you could actually
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00264-00062319-00062505 have a chain of the east of Hog regrets
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00265-00062507-00062777 and also know that this kind of redirect
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00266-00062778-00062966 is different from a so-called client
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00267-00062966-00063142 direct and this is a completely
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00268-00063144-00063302 different thing the client redirect is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00269-00063303-00063614 when a document actually commits but the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00270-00063615-00063770 first thing that it does is actually
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00271-00063771-00063965 instruct us to navigate somewhere else
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00272-00063966-00064154 like by reassigning when an application
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00273-00064154-00064455 tier something else
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00274-00064457-00064685 and in terms of how it redirects look
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00275-00064686-00064966 how server direct look just to that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00276-00064967-00065102 another step to the timeline is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00277-00065103-00065300 basically this popping back and forth
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00278-00065301-00065900 before we proceed with the next step so
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00279-00065901-00066092 once we are past all the redirects and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00280-00066093-00066458 we have the final URL we probably are
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00281-00066459-00066544 starting to receive
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00282-00066545-00066700 data for the new document except that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00283-00066701-00066953 this is not always the case and in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00284-00066954-00067154 particular this is not the case if you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00285-00067155-00067411 are navigating to something like a zip
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00286-00067412-00067685 file or an unknown file type or if the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00287-00067686-00067837 server responds it actually says this is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00288-00067838-00067973 like an attachment and you should not
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00289-00067974-00068131 render it but actually download it
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00290-00068132-00068465 instead so in all of these cases this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00291-00068466-00068684 becomes a download and we hand the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00292-00068685-00068812 response over to the download manager
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00293-00068813-00069004 and know that you should actually
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00294-00069005-00069205 happens and we leave the old document
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00295-00069206-00069371 instance and the same thing would
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00296-00069372-00069584 actually happen if you get 204 which is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00297-00069585-00070000 this little-known HTML HTTP response
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00298-00070001-00070219 code which basically says no content
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00299-00070220-00070405 like this service says I got you but I'm
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00300-00070406-00070707 not gonna give you anything new to show
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00301-00070708-00071017 but once you're done with all that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00302-00071018-00071287 we do expect after some additional
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00303-00071288-00071494 security checks the new documents you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00304-00071495-00071690 commit and replace the previous one so
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00305-00071691-00071917 at this point we'll hop back to the UI
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00306-00071918-00072136 thread yeah the next step is for us to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00307-00072137-00072365 choose the render process which won't be
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00308-00072366-00072550 used for this navigation this is a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00309-00072551-00072781 critical step and it's very essential to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00310-00072782-00072991 understand - yep whole Chrome security
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00311-00072992-00073225 model they're a bunch of policies that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00312-00073226-00073397 govern how this is done and I will just
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00313-00073398-00073599 go over some of the most important ones
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00314-00073600-00074062 so some pages must share a regular
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00315-00074063-00074260 process and in particular same site
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00316-00074261-00074512 pages with window references to each
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00317-00074513-00074798 other so if I haven't a calm H that has
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00318-00074799-00075047 a accom iframes or if it doesn't window
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00319-00075048-00075376 that open G open another a comm tab all
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00320-00075377-00075541 of these frames the web platform lost
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00321-00075542-00075793 all them to synchronously access each
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00322-00075794-00076216 other's Dom which we cannot do if we put
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00323-00076217-00076663 them in separate buses okay no other
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00324-00076664-00076882 pages should never start on your process
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00325-00076883-00077110 so for example if you navigate to evil
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00326-00077111-00077309 welcome and then to an internal settings
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00327-00077310-00077609 page we don't want those two to share
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00328-00077610-00077785 our process because if we did then the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00329-00077786-00077932 attacker could take over there in their
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00330-00077933-00078085 process and then they would get to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00331-00078086-00078316 control your settings page and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00332-00078317-00078466 manipulate it and make use of its
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00333-00078467-00078616 privileges and basically take over the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00334-00078617-00078832 browser at that point so we try to not
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00335-00078833-00079054 share we wait basically never scenario
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00336-00079055-00079249 process between privilege manages like
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00337-00079250-00079535 that and untrusted web content now Sai
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00338-00079536-00079796 desolation takes us a step further and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00339-00079797-00079883 says that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00340-00079884-00080156 current sites also should never share
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00341-00080157-00080420 process and that means that for example
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00342-00080421-00080692 we evil calm and bang calm should also
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00343-00080693-00081191 never end up in the same process so for
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00344-00081192-00081335 the remaining cases we have a little bit
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00345-00081336-00081599 of flexibility and in general the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00346-00081600-00081794 strategy for us is to swap one possible
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00347-00081795-00082160 to get a clean slate so for example if I
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00348-00082161-00082364 open 10 brand new tabs never get them
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00349-00082365-00082667 all to some google.com stuff we try to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00350-00082668-00082850 use multiple processes for those rather
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00351-00082851-00083015 than just shut them all into one bloated
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00352-00083016-00083231 process actually the early days of
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00353-00083232-00083495 chrome that did happen better policy and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00354-00083496-00083909 it did not work out so well but we also
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00355-00083910-00084083 have a process limit that depends on how
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00356-00084084-00084332 much memory your machine has and once we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00357-00084333-00084557 cross it we do try to reuse existing
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00358-00084558-00084884 processes when possible however this is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00359-00084885-00085118 subject to security so we only won't we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00360-00085119-00085262 use a process if it's security
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00361-00085263-00085391 properties are compatible with the new
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00362-00085392-00085709 page so crossing the limit will not
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00363-00085710-00085973 allow an Evo lock home page to share
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00364-00085974-00086297 like a process with mangaka and in that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00365-00086298-00086444 sense the process them is actually soft
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00366-00086445-00086666 we will go over when you did for
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00367-00086667-00086984 security and to make some of these
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00368-00086985-00087143 process selection decisions we use a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00369-00087144-00087380 class called site instance and site
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00370-00087381-00087578 instance basically represents a group of
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00371-00087579-00087905 documents that share a process so as I
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00372-00087906-00088040 mentioned in same-origin documents that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00373-00088041-00088301 can script each other always end up in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00374-00088302-00088442 the same size instance so in this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00375-00088443-00088739 example if a duck on a window that opens
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00376-00088740-00088874 another home
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00377-00088875-00089138 pop-up they will end up in the same
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00378-00089139-00089429 blues head instance now with cyrus
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00379-00089430-00089642 Latian each side gets its own site
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00380-00089643-00089942 instance in a different sites never
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00381-00089943-00090188 share process so be calm window that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00382-00090189-00090416 opens see calm even though they can talk
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00383-00090417-00090581 to each other we will put them in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00384-00090582-00090722 separate processes and separate sent
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00385-00090723-00090941 instances now because their cross origin
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00386-00090942-00091133 they can only communicate using a very
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00387-00091134-00091553 small async api like post message and in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00388-00091554-00091706 this case we will actually route the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00389-00091707-00091847 post message from one process to another
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00390-00091848-00092270 back and forth without side isolation
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00391-00092271-00092531 site instance may actually group
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00392-00092532-00092750 multiple sites together and this used to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00393-00092751-00092951 be a lot more common with side isolation
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00394-00092952-00093067 its
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00395-00093068-00093523 basically very less so on desktop but
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00396-00093524-00093715 you might still see this on Android
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00397-00093716-00093952 where we still don't have sight
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00398-00093953-00094117 isolation deployed yet although that is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00399-00094118-00094471 about to change very soon and the last
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00400-00094472-00094597 thing I'll mention here is that you can
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00401-00094598-00094780 have multiple instances of the same site
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00402-00094781-00094924 so if I control T and open a new
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00403-00094925-00095164 unrelated tab navigate that to a comma
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00404-00095165-00095392 that will end up in a separate reset
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00405-00095393-00095602 instance which is different from the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00406-00095603-00095755 blue one even though both are for
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00407-00095756-00096286 vehicle okay so now once we pick the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00408-00096287-00096538 site instance in the process the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00409-00096539-00096796 navigation may either commit in the same
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00410-00096797-00097003 process that you were on or it may need
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00411-00097004-00097273 to swap to a new one now if you're
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00412-00097274-00097558 staying in the same process the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00413-00097559-00097705 navigation will probably come in in the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00414-00097706-00097924 same render frame host and this is often
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00415-00097925-00098140 confusing to people so if you go from
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00416-00098141-00098344 like he TOCOM slash once we know call /
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00417-00098345-00098626 - that will keep committing in the same
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00418-00098627-00098782 render frame house that you are on this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00419-00098783-00099043 is often confusing to people longer term
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00420-00099044-00099169 we want to actually change this and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00421-00099170-00099412 change for different posts on every
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00422-00099413-00099565 narration that not use two different
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00423-00099566-00099754 documents becomes essentially render
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00424-00099755-00099943 document host but this is not the case
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00425-00099944-00100333 yet now if the navigation is cross
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00426-00100334-00100555 process then we must swap to a new
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00427-00100556-00100702 render frame house basically render from
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00428-00100703-00100855 post is associated with a particular
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00429-00100856-00101116 process in this case the Algren
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00430-00101117-00101260 different call stays visible until the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00431-00101261-00101506 new one commits and then at that point
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00432-00101507-00101686 the new one becomes the current renderer
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00433-00101687-00102043 most and we have this interesting
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00434-00102044-00102276 optimization because the network
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00435-00102277-00102534 requests and the process start of
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00436-00102535-00102759 actually both can be slow we try to do
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00437-00102760-00103042 them in parallel so when the negation
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00438-00103043-00103260 initially starts we try to speculatively
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00439-00103261-00103489 start a process that we think we'll need
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00440-00103490-00103794 and then at the end of the day when we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00441-00103795-00103947 hear the back in response
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00442-00103948-00104155 hopefully the process is just ready to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00443-00104156-00104389 go at that point for the commit now this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00444-00104390-00104551 may turn out to be wrong if we have
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00445-00104552-00104725 redirects because we actually changed in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00446-00104726-00104875 Holland and does the process to which
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00447-00104876-00105108 you are going so you should never for
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00448-00105109-00105271 that reason rely on like the speculative
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00449-00105272-00105459 render frame host because it can change
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00450-00105460-00105847 before commit and just to kind of okay
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00451-00105848-00106174 so the other thing to note is that the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00452-00106175-00106454 first point at which we finalized the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00453-00106455-00106607 render frame host in the process and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00454-00106608-00106904 assign instance for our navigation is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00455-00106905-00107189 called ready to commit and if you want
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00456-00107190-00107342 to observe that you would use ready to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00457-00107343-00107873 commit navigation contents interior and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00458-00107874-00108014 just to show on the timeline how the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00459-00108015-00108208 speculative startup looks so basically
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00460-00108209-00108392 begin navigation first thing we're gonna
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00461-00108393-00108614 do is do the speculative startup then
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00462-00108615-00108764 proceed with a network request and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00463-00108765-00108947 hopefully by the time we commit the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00464-00108948-00109928 process is ready to go okay so now we're
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00465-00109929-00110171 the software we have there under process
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00466-00110172-00110348 ready and we need to tell it to commit
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00467-00110349-00110533 the navigation so to do that that's
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00468-00110534-00110726 pretty simple we just Center commit a PC
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00469-00110727-00110860 with a whole bunch of information about
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00470-00110861-00111184 what to commit and along with that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00471-00111185-00111382 information we send a mo geo data paper
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00472-00111383-00111602 which is basically what their energies
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00473-00111603-00111752 is going to use to read the response
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00474-00111753-00111998 body so well basically write the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00475-00111999-00112208 response body to one of the pipe and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00476-00112208-00112403 then we'll pass the other end to the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00477-00112404-00112577 runner with the commit message yeah
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00478-00112578-00112754 they're interval just directly read the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00479-00112755-00113129 data from there at that point the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00480-00113130-00113357 navigation needs to commit in blink the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00481-00113358-00113546 rendering engine and blink will manage
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00482-00113547-00113747 that transition it'll create a new HTML
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00483-00113748-00114020 document replace the old one with it the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00484-00114021-00114310 way this happens is currently way more
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00485-00114311-00114449 complicated than it should be and it
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00486-00114450-00114629 also passes like a freeloader and duck
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00487-00114630-00114926 and loader but like this whole thing is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00488-00114927-00115289 basically still based on an older
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00489-00115290-00115442 navigation architecture that we no
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00490-00115443-00115609 longer use and it's currently being
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00491-00115610-00115796 refactor that's simplified so I'm not
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00492-00115797-00115952 gonna go into too much detail here but
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00493-00115953-00116230 hopefully it's become much simpler soon
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00494-00116231-00116666 once all of this is done the render will
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00495-00116667-00116935 send back did commit provisional load
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00496-00116936-00117206 message to the browser process and the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00497-00117207-00117416 browser process once it receives that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00498-00117417-00117665 message basically this is the key moment
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00499-00117666-00117872 in any navigation this is what finalizes
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00500-00117873-00118094 everything so this is where if we did a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00501-00118095-00118253 cross process navigation this is where
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00502-00118254-00118406 the new process becomes the current one
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00503-00118407-00118682 this is where we update the new
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00504-00118683-00118847 rendering post to be the chrome on this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00505-00118848-00119201 is where we update new frames origin
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00506-00119202-00119383 you're all session history security
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00507-00119384-00119734 state like all kinds of things and to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00508-00119735-00119777 observe
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00509-00119778-00120061 you would use that finished aggregation
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00510-00120063-00120527 event from web contents observer but at
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00511-00120528-00120800 this point you're still not seeing any
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00512-00120801-00121004 content so the next step is for us to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00513-00121005-00121421 actually load the page and at this point
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00514-00121422-00121628 we start screaming a response body into
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00515-00121629-00121988 the renderer learner is gonna do a whole
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00516-00121989-00122243 bunch of work the life of a pixel talk
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00517-00122244-00122450 went into the mic all kinds of detail
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00518-00122451-00122659 about what happens here but basically we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00519-00122660-00122879 need to go on let's drop the Dom tree do
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00520-00122880-00123218 layout by Celsius transcripts the render
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00521-00123219-00123392 might need to request additional some
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00522-00123393-00123578 resources like images and JavaScript
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00523-00123579-00123974 files and CSS and so on these are these
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00524-00123975-00124127 go directly to the network service
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00525-00124128-00124333 without involving the browser process or
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00526-00124334-00124652 any of the navigation code at all the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00527-00124653-00124988 one exception to this is if the page ads
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00528-00124989-00125279 and subframe so like an iframe tag in
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00529-00125280-00125434 which case where we actually turn that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00530-00125435-00125666 into a new your navigation on that new
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00531-00125667-00126194 suffering and after all of this is done
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00532-00126195-00126515 the render will notify the browser using
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00533-00126516-00126917 a load stop IPC and at this point of the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00534-00126918-00127142 throbber stop spinning and we consider
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00535-00127143-00127370 the page fully loaded now of course with
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00536-00127371-00127619 today's dynamic pages there's no such
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00537-00127620-00127838 point which like you've completely done
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00538-00127839-00128024 there can still be a beauty after this
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00539-00128025-00128267 for example like the page can still just
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00540-00128268-00128438 request additional stuff in response to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00541-00128439-00128672 user input but at this point like all
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00542-00128673-00128908 the onload events have run in the in the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00543-00128909-00129208 page and you can observe this using did
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00544-00129209-00129580 stop loading on web contents in serum
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00545-00129581-00129695 okay
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00546-00129696-00130076 so we've kind of gone through the basic
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00547-00130077-00130258 help me watsonville i'll now cover a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00548-00130259-00130442 little bit about some of the more
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00549-00130443-00130834 advanced cases in auditions so leaving a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00550-00130835-00131120 page turns out to be surprisingly more
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00551-00131121-00131345 difficult than you might imagine
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00552-00131346-00131621 do you to you to that's exposed to web
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00553-00131622-00131921 pages so before a navigation precedes
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00554-00131922-00132199 web pages can run it before unload event
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00555-00132200-00132437 that allows them to show a dialogue to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00556-00132438-00132638 the user saying basically hey you're
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00557-00132639-00132857 about to lose data do you really want to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00558-00132858-00133034 go away or not and then the user can
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00559-00133035-00133140 either proceed
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00560-00133141-00133434 cancel at that point and then once you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00561-00133435-00133752 actually decided to leave pages can run
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00562-00133753-00134373 unload Panthers to do cleanup work and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00563-00134374-00134625 interesting thing about unload is that
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00564-00134626-00134796 for cross process cases we can actually
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00565-00134797-00135045 do this in the background after we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00566-00135046-00135261 commit the negation so in terms of how
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00567-00135262-00135504 this looks on the timeline for a cross
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00568-00135505-00135906 process navigation before once we have a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00569-00135907-00136137 URL tonight YouTube will need to go
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00570-00136138-00136323 actually to the old render process and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00571-00136324-00136593 ask it to read before unload and once
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00572-00136594-00136833 that's done only then can we go to begin
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00573-00136834-00137001 navigation actually it proceed with the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00574-00137002-00137262 rest of the form of course if there is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00575-00137263-00137496 no over in your process we can directly
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00576-00137497-00137766 Krissy to begin that nation and once
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00577-00137767-00137886 we're ready to come in in the new
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00578-00137887-00138237 process we will ask the old ones who run
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00579-00138238-00138438 unload while the new one actually starts
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00580-00138439-00138684 loading the page and so these two will
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00581-00138685-00138870 happen in parallel and you will actually
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00582-00138871-00139050 have to run I think all sexes of it like
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00583-00139051-00139299 at the same time one of them it's
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00584-00139300-00139413 loading the page and another one
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00585-00139414-00139590 impending deletion stay that's pressing
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00586-00139591-00140127 the unload handler okay so an army
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00587-00140128-00140283 Watson navigation was what we call a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00588-00140284-00140475 browser initiated irrigation it starts
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00589-00140476-00140847 from browser UI we also have render
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00590-00140848-00141030 initiated navigations which would start
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00591-00141031-00141201 from the render process and this would
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00592-00141202-00141438 be when you say click a link or use the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00593-00141439-00141681 form or maybe the page runs a script to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00594-00141682-00142023 sign without location to something so
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00595-00142024-00142215 this is our inner initiated narration
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00596-00142216-00142494 and we basically try to keep this as
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00597-00142495-00142692 less trustworthy than about compared to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00598-00142693-00142818 browser initiate derogations because
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00599-00142819-00143025 yeah what pages can basically try to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00600-00143026-00143535 send you to bad places and the only
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00601-00143536-00143670 difference in the navigation flow is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00602-00143671-00143820 that this will start in the renderer we
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00603-00143821-00143973 can run the before a little hammer right
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00604-00143974-00144330 away but then we'll hop over basically
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00605-00144331-00144717 make an IPC to the browser process to
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00606-00144718-00144921 actually begin the negation and after at
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00607-00144922-00145080 that point everything continues as
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00608-00145081-00145581 before now up to this point I've been
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00609-00145582-00145782 talking about are mostly navigating the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00610-00145783-00145959 mainframe but actually
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00611-00145960-00146169 frames can embed other phrase as I've
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00612-00146170-00146436 hinted before so you can have an iframe
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00613-00146437-00146738 and actually any of those frames can
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00614-00146739-00146990 navigate including the subframes and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00615-00146991-00147168 when the Supremes navigate cross process
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00616-00147169-00147401 we call the model process iframes so
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00617-00147402-00147665 actually we have a tree of frames
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00618-00147666-00147819 maintained in both the browser process
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00619-00147820-00148047 and of the master copy and in all the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00620-00148048-00148260 render Flossie's and any of these frames
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00621-00148261-00148746 can go and navigate anywhere else and
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00622-00148747-00149094 last thing I'll talk about is so so far
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00623-00149095-00149331 I've kind of covered a successful
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00624-00149332-00149508 navigation with navigation scan and do
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00625-00149509-00149729 fail for a whole bunch of reasons it
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00626-00149730-00149982 pretty much every stage up to the commit
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00627-00149983-00150413 point and just to show you a couple of
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00628-00150414-00150629 cases that might happen oh and by the
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00629-00150630-00150875 way when things fail we will still
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00630-00150876-00151107 dispatch the finished navigation and you
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00631-00151108-00151262 can query the navigation handle to find
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00632-00151263-00151623 out whether this was an error or not but
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00633-00151624-00151785 just to show you just a few places where
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00634-00151786-00152039 we can fail so you can cancel a
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00635-00152040-00152384 navigation from a before onload handler
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00636-00152385-00152661 you can walk the negation before it
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00637-00152662-00152887 starts to make requests from a throttle
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00638-00152888-00153176 the URL request might respond might
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00639-00153177-00153491 result the networker soyou'll navigation
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00640-00153492-00153699 that way the redirect might be walked or
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00641-00153700-00153837 the whole thing might turn out to be
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00642-00153838-00154260 like a tool for download so yeah this is
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00643-00154261-00154503 a pretty complicated flow of face
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00644-00154504-00155500 [Music]
+ovnVqm1-1ak-00645-00155501-00155707 you
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00000-00000010-00000373 the European Space Agency ESA French
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00001-00000374-00000751 agent spacial European ASE German Europa
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00002-00000752-00000923 ultram organization is an
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00003-00000924-00001157 intergovernmental organization of 22
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00004-00001158-00001313 Member States dedicated to the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00005-00001314-00001712 exploration of space established in 1975
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00006-00001713-00001984 and headquartered in Paris France ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00007-00001985-00002257 has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00008-00002258-00002456 an annual budget of about five point two
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00009-00002457-00002707 five billion euros per five point seven
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00010-00002708-00003020 seven billion dollars 2016 ESA space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00011-00003021-00003193 flight program includes human
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00012-00003194-00003401 spaceflight mainly through participation
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00013-00003402-00003596 in the International Space Station
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00014-00003597-00003790 program the launch and operation of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00015-00003792-00003977 unmanned exploration missions to other
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00016-00003978-00004205 planets in the Moon Earth Observation
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00017-00004206-00004442 science and telecommunication designing
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00018-00004443-00004637 launch vehicles and maintaining a major
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00019-00004638-00004859 spaceport the Guiana Space Centre at
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00020-00004860-00005114 Kourou French Guiana the main European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00021-00005115-00005390 launch vehicle Ariane 5 is operated
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00022-00005391-00005612 through Arian space with ESA sharing in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00023-00005613-00005768 the costs of launching and further
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00024-00005769-00005962 developing this launch vehicle the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00025-00005963-00006230 agency is also working with NASA to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00026-00006231-00006470 manufacture the Orion spacecraft service
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00027-00006470-00006673 module that will fly on the Space Launch
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00028-00006674-00006895 System the agency's facilities are
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00029-00006896-00007131 distributed among the following centers
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00030-00007132-00007420 ESA science missions are based at s Tech
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00031-00007421-00007673 in Ward white Netherlands Earth
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00032-00007673-00007916 observation missions at ESA Center for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00033-00007917-00008291 Earth Observation infra Scotty Italy ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00034-00008292-00008384 Mission Control
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00035-00008385-00008767 ESO C is in Darmstadt Germany the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00036-00008768-00009020 European astronaut Center EAC that
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00037-00009021-00009233 trains astronauts for future missions as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00038-00009234-00009551 situated in Cologne Germany a Research
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00039-00009552-00009814 Institute created in 2009 the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00040-00009815-00010045 Centre for space applications and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00041-00010046-00010366 telecommunications EC SAT is at Harwell
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00042-00010367-00010660 england in the european space astronomy
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00043-00010661-00010834 center ESAC
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00044-00010835-00011069 is located in via nueva Delhi Kenyatta
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00045-00011070-00011489 Madrid Spain
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00046-00011490-00011992 topic history
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00047-00011993-00012488 topic foundation
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00048-00012489-00012746 after World War two many European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00049-00012747-00012949 scientists left Western Europe in order
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00050-00012950-00013213 to work with the United States although
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00051-00013215-00013438 the 1950s boom made it possible for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00052-00013440-00013666 Western European countries to invest in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00053-00013668-00013853 research and specifically in space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00054-00013854-00014072 related activities Western European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00055-00014072-00014288 scientists realized solely national
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00056-00014288-00014468 projects would not be able to compete
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00057-00014469-00014804 with the two main superpowers in 1958
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00058-00014805-00014990 only months after the Sputnik shock
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00059-00014991-00015272 edoardo amaldi Italy and Pierre auger
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00060-00015272-00015466 France two prominent members of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00061-00015468-00015674 Western European scientific community
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00062-00015675-00015851 met to discuss the foundation of a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00063-00015852-00016099 common Western European Space Agency the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00064-00016100-00016349 meeting was attended by scientific
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00065-00016350-00016496 representatives from eight countries
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00066-00016497-00016762 including Harry Massey United Kingdom
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00067-00016763-00017078 the Western European nations decided to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00068-00017079-00017275 have two agencies one concerned with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00069-00017276-00017522 developing a launch system Eldo European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00070-00017523-00017729 launch development organization and the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00071-00017730-00017897 other the precursor of the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00072-00017898-00017990 Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00073-00017991-00018199 esra European Space Research
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00074-00018200-00018503 Organisation the latter was established
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00075-00018504-00018775 on the 20th of March 1964 by an
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00076-00018776-00018965 agreement signed on the 14th of June
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00077-00018966-00019541 1962 from 1968 to 1972 es ro launched
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00078-00019542-00019877 seven research satellites ESA in its
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00079-00019878-00020072 current form was founded with the ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00080-00020073-00020381 convention in 1975 when he SRO was
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00081-00020382-00020711 merged with Eldo ESA had ten founding
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00082-00020712-00020912 member states Belgium Denmark France
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00083-00020913-00021224 West Germany Italy the Netherlands Spain
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00084-00021225-00021455 Sweden Switzerland and the United
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00085-00021456-00021767 Kingdom these signed the ESA convention
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00086-00021768-00022067 in 1975 and deposited the instruments of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00087-00022068-00022340 ratification by 1980 when the convention
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00088-00022341-00022613 came into force during this interval the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00089-00022614-00022835 agency functioned in a de facto fashion
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00090-00022836-00023117 ESA launched its first major scientific
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00091-00023118-00023447 mission in 1975 because be a space probe
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00092-00023448-00023644 monitoring gamma ray emissions in the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00093-00023645-00023855 universe which was first worked on by es
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00094-00023856-00024178 ro
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00095-00024179-00024704 topic later activities
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00096-00024705-00024983 the ESA collaborated with NASA on the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00097-00024984-00025226 International ultraviolet Explorer iue
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00098-00025227-00025457 the world's first high orbit telescope
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00099-00025458-00025736 which was launched in 1978 and operated
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00100-00025737-00026044 successfully for 18 years a number of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00101-00026045-00026279 successful Earth orbit projects followed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00102-00026280-00026614 and in 1986 ESA began giotto its first
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00103-00026616-00026827 deep-space mission to study the Comets
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00104-00026829-00027101 Haley and Greg scalar up Hipparchus
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00105-00027102-00027308 a-star mapping mission was launched in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00106-00027308-00027674 1989 and in the 1990s Soho Ulysses and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00107-00027675-00027842 the Hubble Space Telescope were all
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00108-00027843-00028100 jointly carried out with NASA later
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00109-00028101-00028319 scientific missions in cooperation with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00110-00028320-00028556 NASA include the cassini-huygens space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00111-00028557-00028772 probe to which ESA contributed by
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00112-00028773-00028916 building the Titan landing module
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00113-00028917-00029324 Huygens as the successor of Eldo ESA has
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00114-00029325-00029558 also constructed rockets for scientific
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00115-00029558-00029827 and commercial payloads Ariane 1
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00116-00029829-00030104 launched in 1979 carried mostly
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00117-00030105-00030368 commercial payloads into orbit from 1984
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00118-00030369-00030629 onward the next two versions of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00119-00030630-00030833 Ariane rocket were intermediate stages
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00120-00030833-00031031 in the development of a more advanced
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00121-00031032-00031235 launch system the Ariane 4 which
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00122-00031236-00031552 operated between 1988 and 2003 and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00123-00031554-00031757 established ESA as the world leader in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00124-00031758-00032014 commercial space launches in the 1990s
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00125-00032016-00032267 although the succeeding Ariane 5
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00126-00032268-00032462 experienced a failure on its first
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00127-00032463-00032665 flight it has since firmly established
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00128-00032666-00032846 itself within the heavily competitive
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00129-00032847-00033065 commercial space launch market with 82
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00130-00033066-00033380 successful launches until 2018 the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00131-00033381-00033635 successor launch vehicle of Ariane 5 the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00132-00033636-00033860 Ariane 6 is under development and is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00133-00033861-00034111 envisioned to enter service in the 2020s
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00134-00034112-00034379 the beginning of the new millennium saw
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00135-00034380-00034618 esa become along with agencies like NASA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00136-00034619-00035006 JAXA is Roe CSA and Roscosmos one of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00137-00035007-00035219 major participants in scientific space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00138-00035220-00035504 research although ESA had relied on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00139-00035505-00035726 cooperation with NASA in previous
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00140-00035727-00036005 decades especially the 1990s changed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00141-00036006-00036215 circumstances such as tough legal
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00142-00036216-00036415 restrictions on information sharing by
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00143-00036416-00036605 the United States military led to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00144-00036606-00036815 decisions to rely more on itself and on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00145-00036816-00036953 cooperation with Russia
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00146-00036954-00037390 a 2011 press issue thus stated Russia's
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00147-00037391-00037592 the essays first partner in its efforts
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00148-00037593-00037853 to ensure long-term access to space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00149-00037854-00038027 there is a framework agreement between
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00150-00038028-00038243 ESA and the government of the Russian
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00151-00038244-00038423 Federation on cooperation and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00152-00038424-00038624 partnership in the exploration and use
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00153-00038625-00038843 of outer space for peaceful purposes and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00154-00038844-00039068 cooperation is already underway in two
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00155-00039069-00039263 different areas of launcher activity
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00156-00039264-00039404 that will bring benefits to both
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00157-00039405-00039740 partners notable outcomes are essays
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00158-00039741-00039851 include smart-1
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00159-00039852-00040070 a probe testing cutting-edge new space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00160-00040071-00040271 propulsion technology the Mars Express
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00161-00040272-00040517 and Venus Express missions as well as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00162-00040518-00040682 the development of the Ariane 5 rocket
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00163-00040683-00041051 and its role in the ISS partnership ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00164-00041052-00041234 maintains its scientific and research
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00165-00041235-00041474 projects mainly for astronomy space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00166-00041475-00041669 missions such as core o launched on the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00167-00041670-00042017 27th of December 2006 a milestone in the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00168-00042018-00042507 search for exoplanets
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00169-00042508-00042934 topic mission
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00170-00042935-00043117 the Treaty establishing the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00171-00043118-00043522 Space Agency reads es A's purpose shall
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00172-00043523-00043711 be to provide for and to promote for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00173-00043712-00043879 exclusively peaceful purposes
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00174-00043880-00044125 cooperation among the European states in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00175-00044126-00044332 space research and technology and their
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00176-00044333-00044524 space applications with a view to their
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00177-00044525-00044743 being used for scientific purposes and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00178-00044744-00044935 for operational space application
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00179-00044936-00045295 systems ESA is responsible for setting a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00180-00045296-00045520 unified space and related industrial
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00181-00045521-00045760 policy recommending space objectives to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00182-00045761-00045913 the Member States and integrating
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00183-00045914-00046093 national programs like satellite
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00184-00046094-00046315 development into the European program as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00185-00046316-00046510 much as possible jean-jacques dordain
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00186-00046511-00046879 ESA z-- director-general 2003 to 2015
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00187-00046880-00047092 outlined the European Space Agency's
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00188-00047093-00047458 mission in a 2003 interview today space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00189-00047459-00047656 activities have pursued the benefit of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00190-00047657-00047857 citizens and citizens are asking for a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00191-00047858-00048106 better quality of life on earth they
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00192-00048107-00048310 want greater security and economic
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00193-00048311-00048475 wealth but they also want to pursue
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00194-00048476-00048631 their dreams to increase their knowledge
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00195-00048632-00048802 and they want younger people to be
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00196-00048803-00048991 attracted to the pursuit of science and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00197-00048992-00049276 technology I think that space can do all
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00198-00049277-00049492 of this it can produce a higher quality
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00199-00049493-00049729 of life better security more economic
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00200-00049730-00049921 wealth and also fulfill our citizens
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00201-00049922-00050083 dreams and thirst for knowledge and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00202-00050084-00050350 attract the young generation this is the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00203-00050351-00050569 reason space exploration as an integral
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00204-00050570-00050869 part of overall space activities it has
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00205-00050870-00051061 always been so and it will be even more
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00206-00051062-00051364 important in the future topic activities
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00207-00051365-00051630 and programs ESA describes its work in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00208-00051632-00051823 two overlapping ways for the general
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00209-00051824-00052024 public the various fields of work are
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00210-00052025-00052288 described as activities budgets are
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00211-00052289-00052495 organized as programs British spelling
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00212-00052496-00052660 retained because it is a term of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00213-00052661-00052891 official documents these are either
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00214-00052891-00053185 mandatory or optional topic activities
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00215-00053186-00053386 according to the ESA website the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00216-00053387-00053608 activities are observing the earth human
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00217-00053609-00053824 spaceflight launchers navigation space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00218-00053825-00054052 Science Space engineering and technology
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00219-00054053-00054262 operations telecommunications and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00220-00054263-00054463 integrated applications preparing for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00221-00054464-00054652 the future space for climate topic
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00222-00054653-00054907 programs horizon 2000 cosmic vision
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00223-00054908-00055104 Living Planet programme Copernicus
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00224-00055105-00055375 programme one ExoMars to Galileo three
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00225-00055376-00055609 topic mandatory every member country
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00226-00055610-00055822 must contribute to these programs listed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00227-00055823-00055996 according to technology research
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00228-00055997-00056203 programme science core technology
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00229-00056204-00056319 program general
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00230-00056320-00056499 study program European component
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00231-00056500-00056700 initiative topic optional depending on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00232-00056701-00056886 their individual choices the countries
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00233-00056887-00057075 can contribute to the following programs
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00234-00057076-00057261 listed according to launchers Earth
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00235-00057262-00057474 Observation human spaceflight and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00236-00057475-00057648 exploration telecommunications
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00237-00057649-00057860 navigation space situational awareness
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00238-00057861-00058129 technology topic member states funding
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00239-00058129-00058293 and budget topic membership and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00240-00058294-00058554 contribution to ESA by 2015
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00241-00058555-00058680 ESA was an intergovernmental
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00242-00058681-00059053 organization of 22 member states member
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00243-00059054-00059272 states participate to varying degrees in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00244-00059273-00059535 the mandatory 25% of total expenditures
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00245-00059536-00059967 in 2008 and optional space programs 75%
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00246-00059968-00060340 of total expenditures in 2008 the 2008
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00247-00060341-00060576 budget amounted to 3 billion euros the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00248-00060577-00060991 2009 budget to 3.6 billion euros the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00249-00060991-00061242 total budget amounted to about 3.7
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00250-00061243-00061575 billion euros in 2010 3.9 9 billion
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00251-00061576-00061966 euros in 2011 4.0 2 billion euros in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00252-00061966-00062398 2012 4.2 8 billion euros in 2013 4 point
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00253-00062399-00062781 1 0 billion euros in 2014 and 4.3 3
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00254-00062782-00062978 billion euros in 2015
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00255-00062979-00063237 language is generally used or English
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00256-00063238-00063312 and French
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00257-00063313-00063553 additionally official documents are also
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00258-00063554-00063756 provided in German and documents
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00259-00063757-00063975 regarding the spacelab are also provided
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00260-00063976-00064236 in Italian if found appropriate the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00261-00064237-00064459 agency may conduct its correspondence in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00262-00064460-00064690 any language of a Member State the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00263-00064691-00064881 following table lists all the Member
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00264-00064882-00065098 States and adjunct members there ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00265-00065099-00065307 Convention ratification dates and their
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00266-00065308-00065580 contributions in 2018 topic non full
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00267-00065581-00065811 member states topic Slovenia currently
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00268-00065812-00065988 the only Associated member state is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00269-00065989-00066324 Slovenia previously associated members
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00270-00066325-00066559 were Austria Norway in Finland all of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00271-00066560-00067109 which later joined ESA as full members
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00272-00067110-00067526 topic Canada
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00273-00067527-00067929 since the first of January 1979 Canada
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00274-00067930-00068091 has had the special status of a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00275-00068092-00068406 cooperating state within ESA by virtue
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00276-00068407-00068661 of this Accord the Canadian Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00277-00068662-00068895 takes part in essays deliberative bodies
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00278-00068896-00069123 and decision making and also in esa s
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00279-00069124-00069426 programs and activities Canadian firms
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00280-00069427-00069618 can bid for and receive contracts to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00281-00069619-00069867 work on programs the Accord has a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00282-00069868-00070071 provision ensuring a fair industrial
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00283-00070072-00070182 return to Canada
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00284-00070183-00070446 the most recent cooperation agreement
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00285-00070447-00070676 was signed on the 15th of December 2010
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00286-00070677-00071079 with a term extending to 2020 for 2014
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00287-00071080-00071304 Canada's annual assessed contribution to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00288-00071305-00071526 the ESA general budget was six million
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00289-00071527-00071751 fifty nine thousand four hundred forty
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00290-00071752-00071949 nine euros CAD eight million five
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00291-00071950-00072135 hundred fifty nine thousand fifty
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00292-00072136-00072486 dollars for 2017 Canada has increased
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00293-00072487-00072726 its annual contribution to 21 million
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00294-00072727-00072960 six hundred thousand euros CAD 30
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00295-00072961-00073326 million dollars
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00296-00073327-00073593 topic budget appropriation and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00297-00073594-00073957 allocation
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00298-00073958-00074256 ESA is funded from annual contributions
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00299-00074257-00074454 by national governments as well as from
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00300-00074455-00074661 an annual contribution by the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00301-00074662-00074934 Union EU the budget of ESA was five
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00302-00074935-00075159 point two five zero billion euros in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00303-00075160-00075261 2016
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00304-00075262-00075549 every three to four years ESA member
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00305-00075550-00075705 states agree on a budget plan for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00306-00075706-00075926 several years at an ESA Member States
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00307-00075927-00076199 conference this plan can be amended in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00308-00076200-00076400 future years however provides the major
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00309-00076401-00076716 guideline for ESA for several years the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00310-00076717-00077010 2016 budget allocations for major areas
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00311-00077011-00077201 of ESA activity are shown in the chart
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00312-00077202-00077403 on the right countries typically have
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00313-00077404-00077586 their own space programs that differ in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00314-00077587-00077774 how they operate organizationally and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00315-00077775-00078096 financially with ESA for example the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00316-00078097-00078384 French Space Agency CNES has a total
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00317-00078385-00078704 budget of 2015 million euros of which
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00318-00078705-00078996 755 million euros is paid as direct
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00319-00078997-00079319 financial contribution to ESA several
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00320-00079320-00079512 space related projects are joint
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00321-00079513-00079751 projects between national space agencies
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00322-00079752-00080184 and ESA eg Koro also ESA is not the only
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00323-00080185-00080393 European governmental space organization
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00324-00080394-00080646 for example European Union satellite
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00325-00080647-00081019 center
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00326-00081020-00081460 Topic enlargement
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00327-00081461-00081738 after the decision of the ESA Council of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00328-00081739-00082069 21 20 seconds March 2001 the procedure
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00329-00082070-00082288 for accession of the European states was
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00330-00082289-00082468 detailed as described the document
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00331-00082469-00082759 titled the plan for European cooperating
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00332-00082760-00082994 state specs
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00333-00082995-00083189 nations that want to become a full
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00334-00083190-00083431 member of ESA do so in three stages
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00335-00083432-00083705 first a cooperation agreement is signed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00336-00083706-00083981 between the country and ESA in this
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00337-00083982-00084155 stage the country has very limited
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00338-00084156-00084425 financial responsibilities if a country
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00339-00084426-00084662 wants to cooperate more fully with ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00340-00084663-00084902 it signs a European cooperating state
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00341-00084903-00085253 ECS agreement the ECS agreement makes
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00342-00085254-00085463 companies based in the country eligible
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00343-00085464-00085697 for participation in ESA procurements
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00344-00085698-00085985 the country can also participate in all
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00345-00085986-00086213 ESA programs except for the basic
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00346-00086214-00086480 technology research program while the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00347-00086481-00086681 financial contribution of the country
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00348-00086682-00086873 concerned increases it is still much
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00349-00086874-00087050 lower than that of a full member state
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00350-00087051-00087314 the agreement is normally followed by a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00351-00087315-00087551 plan for European cooperating state or
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00352-00087552-00087857 pecs charter this is a five-year program
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00353-00087858-00088040 of basic research and development
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00354-00088041-00088205 activities aimed at improving the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00355-00088206-00088499 nation's space industry capacity at the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00356-00088500-00088682 end of the five-year period the country
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00357-00088683-00088901 can either begin negotiations to become
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00358-00088902-00089102 a full member state or an associated
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00359-00089103-00089375 state or sign a new pecs charter many
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00360-00089376-00089603 countries most of which joined the EU in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00361-00089604-00089915 both 2004 and 2007 have started to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00362-00089916-00090178 cooperate with ESA on various levels
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00363-00090179-00090407 during the ministerial meeting in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00364-00090408-00090545 December 2014
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00365-00090546-00090740 ESA ministers approved a resolution
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00366-00090741-00090965 calling for discussions to begin with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00367-00090966-00091205 Israel Australia and South Africa on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00368-00091206-00091460 future association agreements The
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00369-00091461-00091622 ministers noted that concrete
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00370-00091623-00091850 cooperation is at an advanced stage with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00371-00091851-00092027 these nations and that prospects for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00372-00092028-00092315 mutual benefits are existing a separate
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00373-00092316-00092555 space exploration strategy resolution
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00374-00092556-00092750 calls for further cooperation with the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00375-00092751-00093022 United States Russia and China on Leo
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00376-00093023-00093311 exploration including a continuation of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00377-00093312-00093611 ISS cooperation and the development of a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00378-00093612-00093860 robust plan for the coordinated use of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00379-00093861-00094079 space transportation vehicles and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00380-00094080-00094315 systems for exploration purposes
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00381-00094316-00094571 participation in robotic missions for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00382-00094572-00094814 the exploration of the moon the robotic
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00383-00094815-00095066 exploration of Mars leading to a broad
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00384-00095067-00095279 Mars sample return mission in which
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00385-00095280-00095465 Europe should be involved as a full
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00386-00095466-00095732 partner and human missions beyond Leo in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00387-00095733-00096173 the longer term
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00388-00096174-00096839 topic EU and the European Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00389-00096840-00097040 the political perspective of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00390-00097041-00097093 European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00391-00097094-00097369 Union EU was to make ESA an agency of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00392-00097370-00097624 the EU by 2014 although this date was
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00393-00097625-00097918 not met the EU is already the largest
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00394-00097919-00098149 single donor to ESA x' budget and non
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00395-00098150-00098759 ESA EU states are observers at ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00396-00098760-00099069 topic launch vehicle fleet
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00397-00099070-00099273 you
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00398-00099274-00099514 ESA has a fleet of different launch
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00399-00099515-00099685 vehicles in service with which it
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00400-00099686-00099853 competes in all sectors of the launch
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00401-00099854-00100168 market ESA x' fleet consists of three
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00402-00100169-00100495 major rocket designs Ariane 5 Soyuz 2 in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00403-00100496-00100756 Vega rocket launches are carried out by
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00404-00100757-00101044 area and space which has 23 shareholders
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00405-00101045-00101194 representing the industry that
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00406-00101195-00101410 manufactures the Ariane 5 as well as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00407-00101411-00101797 cnes at ESA xiana Space Center because
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00408-00101798-00101986 many communication satellites have
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00409-00101987-00102196 equatorial orbits launches from French
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00410-00102197-00102405 Guiana are able to take larger payloads
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00411-00102406-00102589 into space than from space ports at
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00412-00102590-00102894 higher latitudes in addition equatorial
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00413-00102895-00103102 launches give spacecraft an extra push
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00414-00103103-00103354 of nearly 500 meters per second due to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00415-00103355-00103542 the higher rotational velocity of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00416-00103543-00103705 earth at the equator compared to near
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00417-00103706-00103879 the Earth's poles where rotational
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00418-00103880-00104342 velocity approaches zero
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00419-00104343-00104821 topic Ariane 5
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00420-00104822-00105129 the Ariane 5 rocket is esa z-- primary
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00421-00105130-00105375 launcher it has been in service since
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00422-00105376-00105714 1997 and replaced ariane for two
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00423-00105715-00105903 different variants are currently in use
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00424-00105904-00106164 the heaviest and most used version the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00425-00106165-00106471 Ariane 5 ECA delivers 2 communication
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00426-00106472-00106809 satellites of up to 10 tons into GTO it
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00427-00106810-00106999 failed during its first test flight in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00428-00107000-00107308 2002 but has since made 82 consecutive
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00429-00107308-00107494 successful flights until a partial
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00430-00107495-00107695 failure in January 2018
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00431-00107696-00108033 the other version Ariane 5 s was used to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00432-00108034-00108201 launch the automated Transfer Vehicle
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00433-00108202-00108499 ATV to the International Space Station
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00434-00108500-00108708 ISS and will be used to launch for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00435-00108709-00108922 Galileo navigational satellites at a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00436-00108923-00109222 time in November 2012 ESA agreed to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00437-00109223-00109426 build an upgraded variant called Ariane
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00438-00109427-00109659 5 me midlife evolution which would
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00439-00109660-00109941 increase payload capacity to 11.5 tonnes
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00440-00109942-00110208 to GTO and feature a restartable second
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00441-00110209-00110424 stage to allow more complex missions
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00442-00110425-00110727 Ariane 5 M II was scheduled to fly in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00443-00110728-00110983 2018 but the whole project was scrapped
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00444-00110983-00111214 in favor of Ariane 6 plan to replace
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00445-00111215-00111690 Ariane 5 in the 2020s es A's Ariane 1 2
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00446-00111691-00111939 3 & 4 launchers the last of which was
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00447-00111940-00112144 essays longtime workhorse have been
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00448-00112145-00112534 retired
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00449-00112535-00112944 topic Soyuz
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00450-00112945-00113263 Soyuz 2 also called the Soyuz street or
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00451-00113264-00113539 Soyuz STK is a Russian medium payload
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00452-00113540-00113863 launcher ca3 metric tons to gto which
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00453-00113864-00114055 was brought in to esa service in October
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00454-00114056-00114481 2011 ESA entered into a 340 million
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00455-00114482-00114679 euros joint venture with the Russian
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00456-00114680-00114895 Federal Space Agency over the use of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00457-00114896-00115147 Soyuz launcher under the agreement the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00458-00115148-00115408 Russian agency manufactures Soyuz rocket
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00459-00115408-00115608 parts for ESA which are then shipped to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00460-00115609-00115966 French Guiana for assembly ESA benefits
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00461-00115967-00116128 because it gains a medium payload
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00462-00116129-00116320 launcher complementing its fleet while
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00463-00116321-00116583 saving on development costs in addition
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00464-00116584-00116839 the Soyuz rocket which has been the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00465-00116840-00117046 Russian space launch workhorse for some
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00466-00117047-00117298 40 years is proven technology with a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00467-00117299-00117601 very good safety record Russia benefits
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00468-00117602-00117766 in that it gets access to the crew
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00469-00117767-00118059 launch site due to its proximity to the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00470-00118060-00118243 equator launching from Kourou rather
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00471-00118244-00118434 than Baikonur nearly double Soyuz is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00472-00118435-00118980 payload to gto 3.0 tonnes vs. 1.7 tonnes
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00473-00118981-00119242 Soyuz first launched from Kourou on the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00474-00119243-00119545 21st of October 2011 and successfully
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00475-00119546-00119799 placed two Galileo satellites into orbit
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00476-00119800-00120394 23,000 222 kilometers above Earth
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00477-00120395-00120852 topic Vega
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00478-00120853-00121108 vega's essays carrier for small
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00479-00121108-00121375 satellites developed by seven esa
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00480-00121376-00121600 members led by italy it is capable of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00481-00121601-00121747 carrying a payload with a mass of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00482-00121748-00122109 between 300 and 1500 kilograms to an
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00483-00122110-00122377 altitude of 700 kilometers for low polar
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00484-00122378-00122665 orbit its maiden launch from Kourou was
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00485-00122666-00123022 on the 13th of February 2012 Vega began
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00486-00123023-00123258 full commercial exploitation in December
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00487-00123259-00123502 2015 the rocket has three solid
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00488-00123503-00123658 propulsion stages and a liquid
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00489-00123658-00123922 propulsion upper stage the AV um for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00490-00123923-00124090 accurate orbital insertion and the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00491-00124091-00124294 ability to place multiple payloads into
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00492-00124295-00124658 different orbits
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00493-00124658-00124915 topic arjan launch vehicle development
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00494-00124916-00125328 funding
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00495-00125329-00125596 historically the Ariane family Rockets
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00496-00125597-00125803 have been funded primarily with money
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00497-00125804-00126070 contributed by ESA governments seeking
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00498-00126071-00126289 to participate in the program rather
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00499-00126290-00126519 than through competitive industry bids
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00500-00126520-00126802 this has meant that governments commit
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00501-00126803-00127327 multiple of a roughly 90% return on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00502-00127328-00127543 investment in the form of industrial
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00503-00127544-00127903 work share ESA is proposing changes to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00504-00127904-00128074 this scheme by moving to competitive
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00505-00128075-00128248 bids for the development of the Ariane
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00506-00128249-00128596 six
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00507-00128597-00129154 topic human-space-flight
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00508-00129155-00129632 topic history
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00509-00129633-00129896 at the time ESA was formed its main
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00510-00129897-00130066 goals did not encompass human
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00511-00130067-00130279 spaceflight rather it considered itself
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00512-00130280-00130483 to be primarily a scientific research
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00513-00130484-00130660 organization for unmanned space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00514-00130661-00130898 exploration in contrast to its American
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00515-00130899-00131152 and Soviet counterparts it is therefore
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00516-00131153-00131404 not surprising that the first non Soviet
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00517-00131405-00131614 European in space was not an ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00518-00131615-00131849 astronaut on a European spacecraft
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00519-00131850-00132074 it was Czechoslovak Vladimir REMIC who
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00520-00132075-00132395 in 1978 became the first non Soviet or
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00521-00132396-00132599 American in space the first man in space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00522-00132600-00132860 being Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00523-00132861-00133097 on a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft followed by
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00524-00133098-00133283 the pole Mira suave her moshevsky an
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00525-00133284-00133499 East German Sigmund Eon in the same year
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00526-00133500-00133808 this Soviet cooperation program known as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00527-00133809-00134012 inter cosmos primarily involved the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00528-00134013-00134176 participation of Eastern Bloc countries
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00529-00134177-00134645 in 1982 however jean-luc Radian became
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00530-00134646-00134851 the first non communist bloc astronaut
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00531-00134852-00135086 on a flight to the Soviet Salyut 7 space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00532-00135087-00135359 station because crazy Ann did not
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00533-00135360-00135584 officially fly into space as an ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00534-00135585-00135778 astronaut but rather as a member of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00535-00135779-00136039 French CNES astronaut corps the German
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00536-00136040-00136213 elf mayor bold is considered the first
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00537-00136214-00136532 ESA astronaut to fly into space he
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00538-00136533-00136811 participated in the STS 9 space shuttle
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00539-00136812-00136987 mission that included the first use of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00540-00136988-00137332 the European built Space Lab in 1983
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00541-00137333-00137554 sts9 marked the beginning of an
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00542-00137555-00137819 extensive ESA NASA joint partnership
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00543-00137820-00138020 that included dozens of space flights of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00544-00138021-00138235 ESA astronauts in the following years
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00545-00138236-00138478 some of these missions with Space Lab
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00546-00138479-00138707 were fully funded and organizationally
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00547-00138708-00138925 and scientifically controlled by ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00548-00138926-00139148 such as two missions by Germany and one
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00549-00139149-00139373 by Japan with European astronauts as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00550-00139374-00139559 full crew members rather than guests on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00551-00139560-00139808 board beside paying for space lab
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00552-00139809-00140029 flights and seats on the shuttles ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00553-00140030-00140200 continued its human spaceflight
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00554-00140201-00140411 cooperation with the Soviet Union and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00555-00140412-00140614 later Russia including numerous visits
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00556-00140615-00140885 to Mir during the latter half of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00557-00140886-00141137 1980s European human space flights
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00558-00141138-00141311 changed from being the exception to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00559-00141312-00141553 routine and therefore in 1990 the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00560-00141554-00141749 European astronaut Center in Cologne
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00561-00141750-00142054 Germany was established it selects and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00562-00142055-00142252 trains prospective astronauts and is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00563-00142253-00142438 responsible for the coordination with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00564-00142439-00142649 international partners especially with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00565-00142650-00142811 regard to the International Space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00566-00142812-00142925 Station
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00567-00142926-00143237 as of 2006 the ESA astronaut corps
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00568-00143238-00143399 officially included twelve members
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00569-00143400-00143612 including nationals from most large
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00570-00143613-00143810 European countries except the United
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00571-00143811-00144167 Kingdom in the summer of 2008 ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00572-00144168-00144368 started to recruit new astronauts so
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00573-00144369-00144533 that final selection would be due in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00574-00144534-00144875 spring 2009 almost ten thousand people
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00575-00144876-00145079 registered as astronaut candidates
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00576-00145080-00145349 before registration ended in June 2008
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00577-00145350-00145607 eight thousand four hundred thirteen
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00578-00145608-00145796 fulfilled the initial application
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00579-00145797-00146117 criteria of the applicants 918 were
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00580-00146118-00146306 chosen to take part in the first stage
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00581-00146307-00146510 of psychological testing which narrowed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00582-00146511-00146875 down the field to 192 after two-stage
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00583-00146876-00147074 psychological tests and medical
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00584-00147075-00147344 evaluation in early 2009 as well as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00585-00147345-00147563 formal interviews six new members of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00586-00147564-00147776 European astronaut corps were selected
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00587-00147777-00148253 five men and one woman
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00588-00148254-00148700 pick astronaut names
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00589-00148701-00148913 the astronauts of the European Space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00590-00148914-00149283 Agency are
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00591-00149284-00149804 topic crew vehicles
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00592-00149805-00150065 in the 1980s France pressed for an
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00593-00150066-00150287 independent European crew launch vehicle
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00594-00150288-00150647 around 1978 it was decided to pursue a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00595-00150648-00150884 reusable spacecraft model and starting
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00596-00150885-00151157 in November 1987 a project to create a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00597-00151158-00151343 mini shuttle by the name of Hermes was
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00598-00151344-00151610 introduced the craft was comparable to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00599-00151611-00151769 early proposals for the space shuttle
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00600-00151770-00152003 and consisted of a small reusable
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00601-00152004-00152189 spaceship that would carry three to five
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00602-00152190-00152405 astronauts and three to four metric tons
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00603-00152406-00152605 of payload for scientific experiments
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00604-00152606-00152942 with a total maximum weight of 21 metric
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00605-00152943-00153089 tons it would have been launched on the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00606-00153090-00153281 Ariane 5 rocket which was being
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00607-00153282-00153521 developed at that time it was planned
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00608-00153522-00153740 solely for use in low-earth orbit space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00609-00153741-00154028 flights the planning and pre development
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00610-00154029-00154313 phase concluded in 1991 the production
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00611-00154314-00154472 phase was never fully implemented
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00612-00154473-00154622 because at that time the political
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00613-00154623-00154922 landscape had changed significantly with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00614-00154923-00155150 the fall of the Soviet Union ESA looked
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00615-00155151-00155351 forward to cooperation with Russia to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00616-00155352-00155570 build a next generation space vehicle
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00617-00155571-00155840 thus the Hermes program was cancelled in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00618-00155841-00156122 1995 after about three billion dollars
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00619-00156123-00156209 had been spent
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00620-00156210-00156488 the Columbus Space Station program had a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00621-00156489-00156872 similar fate in the 21st century ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00622-00156873-00157088 started new programs in order to create
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00623-00157089-00157307 its own crew vehicles most notable among
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00624-00157308-00157535 its various projects and proposals as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00625-00157536-00157799 hopper whose prototype by EAD s called
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00626-00157800-00158063 Phoenix has already been tested while
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00627-00158064-00158246 projects such as hopper are neither
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00628-00158247-00158453 concrete nor to be realized within the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00629-00158454-00158639 next decade other possibilities for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00630-00158640-00158855 human spaceflight in cooperation with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00631-00158856-00159061 the Russian space agency have emerged
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00632-00159062-00159317 following talks with the Russian space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00633-00159318-00159644 agency in 2004 in June 2005 a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00634-00159645-00159887 cooperation between ESA and the Russian
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00635-00159888-00160085 space agency was announced to jointly
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00636-00160086-00160274 work on the Russian design clipper a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00637-00160275-00160460 reusable spacecraft that would be
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00638-00160461-00160724 available for space travel beyond Leo eg
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00639-00160725-00161003 the moon or even Mars it was speculated
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00640-00161004-00161207 that Europe would finance part of it a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00641-00161208-00161504 50 million euros participation study for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00642-00161505-00161654 clipper which was expected to be
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00643-00161655-00161939 approved in December 2005 was finally
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00644-00161940-00162136 not approved by the ESA Member States
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00645-00162137-00162419 the Russian state tender for the project
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00646-00162420-00162727 was subsequently cancelled in 2006 in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00647-00162728-00163196 June 2006 ESA Member States granted 15mm
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00648-00163197-00163396 to the crew space transportation system
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00649-00163397-00163718 CST s study a two-year study to design a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00650-00163719-00163912 spacecraft capable of going beyond
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00651-00163913-00164093 low-earth orbit based on the current
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00652-00164094-00164374 Soyuz design this project was pursued
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00653-00164375-00164549 with Ross cosmos instead of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00654-00164550-00164836 cancelled clipper proposal a decision on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00655-00164837-00164999 the actual implementation and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00656-00165000-00165250 construction of the CST s spacecraft was
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00657-00165251-00165734 contemplated for 2008 in mid 200 90 AD S
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00658-00165735-00165991 astrium was awarded a 21 million euro
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00659-00165992-00166201 study into designing a crew vehicle
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00660-00166202-00166411 based on the European ATV which is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00661-00166412-00166574 believed to now be the basis of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00662-00166575-00166777 advanced crew transportation system
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00663-00166778-00167093 design in November 2012 ESA decided to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00664-00167094-00167425 join NASA's Orion program the ATV would
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00665-00167426-00167636 form the basis of a propulsion unit for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00666-00167637-00167945 NASA's new manned spacecraft ESA may
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00667-00167946-00168170 also seek to work with NASA on Orion's
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00668-00168171-00168386 launch system as well in order to secure
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00669-00168387-00168562 a seat on the spacecraft for its own
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00670-00168563-00168797 astronauts in September 2014
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00671-00168798-00169000 ESA signed an agreement with Sierra
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00672-00169001-00169228 Nevada Corporation for cooperation in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00673-00169229-00169523 Dream Chaser project further studies on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00674-00169524-00169682 the Dream Chaser for European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00675-00169683-00169963 utilization or DC for EU project were
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00676-00169964-00170159 funded including the feasibility of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00677-00170160-00170314 launching a Europeanized Dream Chaser
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00678-00170315-00170693 onboard Ariane 5 topic cooperation with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00679-00170694-00170933 other countries and organizations ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00680-00170934-00171146 has signed cooperation agreements with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00681-00171147-00171289 the following states that currently
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00682-00171290-00171487 neither plan to integrate as tightly
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00683-00171488-00171724 with ESA institutions as Canada nor
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00684-00171725-00171940 envisioned future membership of ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00685-00171941-00172223 Argentina Brazil China India for the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00686-00172224-00172418 Chandra and Mission Russia and Turkey
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00687-00172419-00172687 additionally ESA has joint projects with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00688-00172688-00172910 the European Union NASA of the United
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00689-00172911-00173089 States and is participating in the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00690-00173090-00173275 International Space Station together
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00691-00173276-00173522 with the United States NASA Russia and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00692-00173523-00173906 Japan JAXA topic European Union ESA is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00693-00173907-00174122 not an agency or body of the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00694-00174123-00174419 Union EU and has non EU countries Norway
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00695-00174420-00174596 and Switzerland as members
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00696-00174597-00174824 there are however ties between the two
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00697-00174825-00175051 with various agreements in place and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00698-00175052-00175216 being worked on to define the legal
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00699-00175217-00175424 status of ESA with regard to the EU
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00700-00175425-00175666 there are common goals between ESA and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00701-00175667-00176021 the EU ESA has an EU liaison office in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00702-00176022-00176314 Brussels on certain projects the EU and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00703-00176315-00176570 ESA cooperate such as the upcoming gala
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00704-00176571-00176861 Leo satellite navigation system space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00705-00176862-00177146 policy has since December 2009 been an
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00706-00177147-00177337 area for voting in the European Council
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00707-00177338-00177722 under the European Space policy of 2007
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00708-00177723-00177956 the EU ESA and its member states
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00709-00177957-00178129 committed themselves to increasing
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00710-00178130-00178310 coordination of their activities and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00711-00178311-00178472 programs and to organizing their
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00712-00178473-00178694 respective roles relating to space the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00713-00178695-00178963 Lisbon Treaty of 2009 reinforces the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00714-00178964-00179164 case for space in Europe and strengthens
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00715-00179165-00179461 the role of ESA as an R&D Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00716-00179462-00179815 article 189 of the treaty gives the EU a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00717-00179816-00180035 mandate to elaborate a European space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00718-00180036-00180236 policy and take related measures and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00719-00180237-00180431 provides that the EU should establish
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00720-00180432-00180734 appropriate relations with the SA former
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00721-00180735-00180947 Italian astronaut Umberto Guido knee
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00722-00180948-00181114 during his tenure as a member of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00723-00181115-00181402 European Parliament from 2004 to 2009
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00724-00181403-00181625 stressed the importance of the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00725-00181626-00181811 Union as a driving force for space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00726-00181812-00182006 exploration since other players are
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00727-00182007-00182203 coming up such as India and China it is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00728-00182204-00182365 becoming ever more important that
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00729-00182366-00182570 Europeans can have an independent access
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00730-00182571-00182839 to space we have to invest more into
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00731-00182840-00183052 space research and technology in order
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00732-00183053-00183253 to have an industry capable of competing
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00733-00183254-00183446 with other international players the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00734-00183447-00183698 first EU ESA International Conference on
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00735-00183699-00183923 human space exploration took place in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00736-00183924-00184252 Prague on 22 in the 23rd of October 2009
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00737-00184253-00184540 a roadmap which would lead to a common
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00738-00184541-00184718 vision and strategic planning in the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00739-00184719-00184981 area of space exploration was discussed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00740-00184982-00185278 ministers from all 29 he U and ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00741-00185279-00185483 members as well as members of parliament
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00742-00185484-00185768 were in attendance topic national space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00743-00185769-00185960 organisations of member states the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00744-00185961-00186269 centre national de Jude space Els CNES
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00745-00186270-00186502 national center for space study is the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00746-00186503-00186671 French government Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00747-00186672-00186913 administrative Li a public establishment
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00748-00186914-00187100 of industrial and commercial character
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00749-00187101-00187401 its headquarters are in central Paris
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00750-00187402-00187658 CMEs is the main participant on the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00751-00187659-00188036 ariane project indeed CMEs designed and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00752-00188037-00188282 tested all Ariane family rockets mainly
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00753-00188283-00188479 from its center in every near Paris the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00754-00188480-00188716 UK Space Agency is a partnership of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00755-00188717-00188890 UK government departments which are
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00756-00188891-00189166 active in space through the UK Space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00757-00189167-00189403 Agency the partners provide delegates to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00758-00189404-00189623 represent the UK on the various ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00759-00189624-00189782 governing bodies
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00760-00189783-00190034 each partner funds its own program the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00761-00190035-00190322 Italian space agency agencia spas alla
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00762-00190323-00190627 italiana Rossi was founded in 1988 to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00763-00190628-00190835 promote coordinate and conduct space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00764-00190836-00191128 activities in Italy operating under the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00765-00191129-00191306 Ministry of the universities and of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00766-00191307-00191513 scientific and technological research
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00767-00191514-00191723 the agency cooperates with numerous
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00768-00191724-00191938 entities active in space technology and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00769-00191939-00192103 with the President of the Council of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00770-00192104-00192395 Ministers internationally the assi
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00771-00192396-00192584 provides Italy's delegation to the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00772-00192585-00192758 Council of the European Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00773-00192759-00193102 into its subordinate bodies the German
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00774-00193103-00193378 Aerospace Center DLR German Deutsche's
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00775-00193379-00193694 zentrum fir left in drowned Part II V is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00776-00193695-00193868 the National Research Center for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00777-00193869-00194072 aviation and space flight of the Federal
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00778-00194073-00194273 Republic of Germany and of other member
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00779-00194274-00194543 states in the Helmholtz Association its
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00780-00194544-00194732 extensive research and development
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00781-00194733-00194929 projects are included in national and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00782-00194930-00195177 international cooperative programs in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00783-00195178-00195431 addition to its research projects the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00784-00195432-00195637 center is the assigned space agency of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00785-00195638-00195850 Germany bestowing headquarters of German
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00786-00195851-00196099 spaceflight activities in its associates
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00787-00196100-00196429 the instituto nacional de Technica aero
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00788-00196430-00196675 spatial inta National Institute for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00789-00196676-00196895 aerospace technique is a public research
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00790-00196896-00197123 organization specialized in aerospace
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00791-00197124-00197329 research and technology development in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00792-00197330-00197624 Spain among other functions it serves as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00793-00197625-00197825 a platform for space research and acts
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00794-00197826-00198035 as a significant testing facility for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00795-00198036-00198214 the Aeronautics and Space sector in the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00796-00198215-00198532 country
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00797-00198533-00199006 topic NASA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00798-00199007-00199291 ESA has a long history of collaboration
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00799-00199292-00199552 with NASA since the essays astronaut
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00800-00199553-00199738 corps was formed the Space Shuttle has
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00801-00199739-00199948 been the primary launch vehicle used by
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00802-00199949-00200197 ESA astronauts to get into space through
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00803-00200198-00200473 partnership programs with NASA in the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00804-00200474-00200791 1980s and 1990s the Space Lab program
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00805-00200792-00201034 was an ESA NASA joint research program
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00806-00201035-00201214 that had ESA develop and manufacture
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00807-00201215-00201451 orbital labs for the Space Shuttle for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00808-00201452-00201682 several flights on which ESA participate
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00809-00201683-00201927 with astronauts in experiments in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00810-00201928-00202192 robotic science mission and exploration
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00811-00202193-00202399 missions NASA has been DSA's main
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00812-00202400-00202711 partner cassini-huygens was a joint NASA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00813-00202712-00202927 ESA mission along with the infrared
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00814-00202928-00203200 space observatory integral soho and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00815-00203201-00203452 others also the Hubble Space Telescope
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00816-00203453-00203772 is a joint project of NASA and ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00817-00203773-00204100 future esa nasa joint projects include
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00818-00204101-00204313 the James Webb Space Telescope and the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00819-00204314-00204481 proposed laser interferometer space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00820-00204482-00204793 antenna nASA has committed to provide
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00821-00204794-00205060 support to esa x' proposed Marcopolo our
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00822-00205061-00205264 mission to return an asteroid sample to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00823-00205265-00205555 earth for further analysis NASA and ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00824-00205556-00205780 will also likely join together for a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00825-00205781-00206200 Mars sample return mission
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00826-00206201-00206477 topic cooperation with other space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00827-00206478-00207056 agencies since China has started to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00828-00207057-00207269 invest more money into space activities
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00829-00207269-00207473 the Chinese space agency has sought
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00830-00207473-00207803 international partnerships ESA is beside
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00831-00207804-00208019 the russian space agency one of its most
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00832-00208019-00208328 important partners to space agencies
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00833-00208329-00208516 cooperated in the development of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00834-00208517-00208910 double star mission in 2017 ESA sent two
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00835-00208911-00209123 astronauts to China for two weeks sea
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00836-00209123-00209285 survival training with Chinese
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00837-00209286-00209494 astronauts in jung-tae Shandong
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00838-00209496-00209723 ESA entered into a major joint venture
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00839-00209723-00209930 with Russia in the form of the sea STS
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00840-00209931-00210085 the preparation of French Guiana
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00841-00210086-00210346 spaceport for lunches of Soyuz 2 rockets
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00842-00210348-00210677 and other projects with India ESA agreed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00843-00210678-00210844 to send instruments into space aboard
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00844-00210846-00211244 the isro's chandrayaan-1 in 2008 ESA is
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00845-00211244-00211471 also cooperating with Japan the most
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00846-00211473-00211646 notable current project in collaboration
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00847-00211646-00211919 with JAXA as the bepa Colombo mission to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00848-00211919-00212216 mercury speaking to reporters at an
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00849-00212217-00212516 airshow near Moscow in August 2011 ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00850-00212517-00212762 head jean-jacques Bourdain said ESA and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00851-00212763-00212987 Russia's Roskosmos Space Agency would
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00852-00212988-00213194 carry out the first flight to Mars
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00853-00213194-00213578 together
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00854-00213579-00214005 Topic International Space Station
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00855-00214006-00214164 you
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00856-00214165-00214394 with regard to the International Space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00857-00214396-00214698 Station ISS ESA is not represented by
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00858-00214698-00214935 all of its member states 10 of the 21
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00859-00214936-00215187 ESA member states currently participate
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00860-00215188-00215382 in the project Belgium Denmark France
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00861-00215383-00215757 Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Spain
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00862-00215758-00216084 Sweden and Switzerland Austria Finland
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00863-00216085-00216228 and Ireland chose not to participate
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00864-00216229-00216483 because of lack of interest or concerns
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00865-00216484-00216732 about the expense of the project the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00866-00216733-00216894 United Kingdom withdrew from the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00867-00216894-00217053 preliminary agreement because of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00868-00217054-00217212 concerns about the expense of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00869-00217213-00217304 project
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00870-00217305-00217581 Portugal Luxembourg Greece the Czech
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00871-00217582-00217812 Republic Romania and Poland joined the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00872-00217813-00218036 SA after the agreement had been signed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00873-00218037-00218319 ESA is taking part in the construction
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00874-00218319-00218505 and operation of the ISS with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00875-00218506-00218744 contributions such as Columbus a science
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00876-00218746-00218946 laboratory module that was brought into
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00877-00218946-00219317 orbit by NASA's sts-122 space shuttle
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00878-00219319-00219486 mission and the cupola observatory
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00879-00219487-00219777 module that was completed in July 2005
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00880-00219778-00220113 by Alenia Space EO for ESA the current
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00881-00220114-00220326 estimates for the ISS are approaching
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00882-00220327-00220554 100 billion euros in total development
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00883-00220555-00220796 construction and 10 years of maintaining
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00884-00220798-00221021 the station of which ESA has committed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00885-00221023-00221367 to paying 8 billion euros about 90% of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00886-00221367-00221607 the costs of psays ISS share will be
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00887-00221608-00222009 contributed by Germany 41% France 28%
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00888-00222010-00222375 and Italy 20% German ESA astronaut
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00889-00222376-00222558 Thomas Reiter was the first long-term
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00890-00222559-00222942 ISS crew member ESA has developed the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00891-00222942-00223158 automated Transfer Vehicle for ISS
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00892-00223159-00223496 resupply each ATV has a cargo capacity
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00893-00223498-00223862 of 7,000 667 kilograms
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00894-00223863-00224355 16900 3 pounds the first ATV Jules Verne
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00895-00224356-00224601 was launched on the 9th of March 2008
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00896-00224602-00224796 and on the 3rd of April 2008
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00897-00224796-00225096 successfully docked with the ISS this
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00898-00225096-00225296 maneuver considered a major technical
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00899-00225298-00225552 feat involved using automated systems to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00900-00225553-00225836 allow the ATV to track the ISS moving at
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00901-00225837-00226098 27,000 kilometers per hour and attach
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00902-00226098-00226323 itself with an accuracy of 2 centimeters
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00903-00226323-00226719 as of 2013 the spacecraft establishing
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00904-00226719-00226959 supply links to the ISS are the Russian
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00905-00226960-00227273 progress in Soyuz European ATV Japanese
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00906-00227275-00227577 cow note Ori HTV and the USA cot
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00907-00227578-00227837 program vehicles dragon and Cygnus
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00908-00227838-00228039 European life and physical sciences
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00909-00228040-00228276 research onboard the International Space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00910-00228277-00228540 Station ISS is mainly based on the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00911-00228541-00228732 European program for life and physical
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00912-00228733-00228951 sciences in space program that was
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00913-00228952-00229448 initiated in 2001
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00914-00229450-00229873 topic languages
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00915-00229875-00230162 according to annex one resolution number
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00916-00230163-00230375 eight of the ESA Convention and council
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00917-00230376-00230603 rules of procedure English French and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00918-00230604-00230792 German may be used in all meetings of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00919-00230792-00230981 the agency with interpretation provided
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00920-00230982-00231287 into these three languages all official
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00921-00231288-00231464 documents are available in English and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00922-00231465-00231683 French with all documents concerning the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00923-00231684-00231929 ESA Council being available in German as
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00924-00231930-00232230 well
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00925-00232231-00232742 topic facilities
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00926-00232742-00233121 ESA headquarters HQ Paris France
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00927-00233123-00233455 European Space Operations Center ESO SI
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00928-00233456-00233779 Darmstadt Germany European Space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00929-00233780-00234014 Research and Technology Center s Tech
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00930-00234015-00234344 Noordwijk the netherlands european space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00931-00234344-00234726 astronomy center ESAC madrid spain
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00932-00234727-00234994 european center for space applications
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00933-00234996-00235135 and telecommunications
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00934-00235136-00235489 ec SAT Oxfordshire United Kingdom
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00935-00235490-00235819 European astronaut Center EAC Cologne
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00936-00235821-00236198 Germany ESA Center for Earth Observation
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00937-00236198-00236594 es Rin Frascati Italy Guiana Space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00938-00236594-00237062 Centre CSG kourou french guiana european
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00939-00237063-00237417 space tracking network EST our ack
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00940-00237419-00237973 european data relay system
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00941-00237975-00238642 topic esa in the EU institutions
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00942-00238642-00238860 the flag of Europe is the one to be
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00943-00238861-00239034 flown in space during missions for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00944-00239035-00239263 example it was flown by ESA Andre
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00945-00239264-00239517 Kuiper's during Delta mission the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00946-00239519-00239665 commission is increasingly working
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00947-00239666-00239934 together towards common objectives some
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00948-00239935-00240210 20% of the funds managed by ESA now
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00949-00240211-00240421 originated from the supranational budget
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00950-00240421-00240727 of the European Union however in recent
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00951-00240728-00240942 years the ties between ESA and the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00952-00240944-00241104 European institutions have been
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00953-00241105-00241305 reinforced by the increasing role that
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00954-00241306-00241528 space plays in supporting Europe social
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00955-00241529-00241846 political and economic policies the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00956-00241846-00242128 legal basis for the EU ESA cooperation
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00957-00242129-00242283 is provided by a framework agreement
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00958-00242284-00242562 which entered into force in May 2004
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00959-00242563-00242827 according to this agreement the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00960-00242828-00243025 Commission and ESA coordinate their
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00961-00243026-00243219 actions through the joint Secretariat a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00962-00243221-00243487 small team of EC's administrators in ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00963-00243488-00243748 executive the member states of the two
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00964-00243748-00243952 organizations meet at ministerial level
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00965-00243953-00244144 in the space Council which is a
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00966-00244144-00244363 concomitant meeting of the EU and ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00967-00244364-00244557 councils prepared by member states
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00968-00244558-00244765 representatives in the high-level space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00969-00244766-00245114 policy group HS PG
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00970-00245115-00245363 ESA maintains a liaison office in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00971-00245364-00245573 Brussels to facilitate relations with
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00972-00245573-00245991 the European institutions
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00973-00245992-00246294 topic guaranteeing European access to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00974-00246294-00246656 space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00975-00246657-00247028 in May 2007 the 29 European countries
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00976-00247029-00247217 expressed their support for the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00977-00247217-00247423 Space policy in a resolution of the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00978-00247425-00247634 Space Council unifying the approach of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00979-00247635-00247853 ESA with those of the European Union and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00980-00247854-00248150 their member states prepared jointly by
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00981-00248151-00248330 the European Commission and ESA z--
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00982-00248331-00248540 director-general the European space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00983-00248541-00248753 policy sets out a basic vision and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00984-00248754-00248933 strategy for the space sector and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00985-00248934-00249142 addresses issues such as security and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00986-00249144-00249406 defence access to space and exploration
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00987-00249407-00249742 through this resolution the EU ESA and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00988-00249744-00249887 their member states all commit to
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00989-00249888-00250042 increasing coordination of their
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00990-00250044-00250214 activities and programs and their
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00991-00250215-00250762 respective roles relating to space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00992-00250763-00251216 topic incidents
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00993-00251217-00251552 on the 3rd of August 1984 the ESA s
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00994-00251553-00251773 Paris headquarters were severely damaged
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00995-00251775-00251948 and six people were hurt when a bomb
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00996-00251948-00252181 exploded planted by the far-left armed
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00997-00252182-00252379 action direct group on the 14th of
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00998-00252380-00252529 December 2015
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-00999-00252530-00252740 hackers from anonymous breached the ESA
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01000-00252741-00252953 subdomains and leaked thousands of login
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01001-00252954-00253398 credentials
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01002-00253400-00253930 topic see also
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01003-00253931-00254168 agencies of the european union and
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01004-00254169-00254453 enhanced cooperation european
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01005-00254454-00254774 integration section space european
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01006-00254775-00255067 launcher development organization Eldo
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01007-00255068-00255332 European Space Research Organisation
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01008-00255333-00255785 ISRO euro space list of Directors
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01009-00255786-00256033 General of the European Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01010-00256034-00256314 list of projects of the European Space
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01011-00256315-00256592 Agency space policy of the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01012-00256593-00257012 Union
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01013-00257013-00257516 topic references
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01014-00257517-00258039 topic further reading
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01015-00258040-00258584 topic external links
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01016-00258585-00258983 official website a European strategy for
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01017-00258984-00259262 space Europa Convention for the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01018-00259263-00259508 establishment of a European Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01019-00259509-00259853 September 2005 convention for the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01020-00259854-00260092 establishment of a European Space Agency
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01021-00260094-00260362 and excite privileges and immunities
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01022-00260363-00260642 European Space Agency founds an oral
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01023-00260642-00260861 history of Europe in space project run
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01024-00260862-00261059 by the European Space Agency at the
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01025-00261060-00261248 historical archives of the EU in
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01026-00261248-00261548 Florence open access at the European
+ovqwej3Ef8Y-01027-00261548-00261803 Space Agency