diff --git "a/data/en102/text/00000011.txt" "b/data/en102/text/00000011.txt"
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+UN8dnzvPC7k-00000-00000000-00000214 [Music]
+UN8dnzvPC7k-00001-00000215-00000388 foreign
+UN8dnzvPC7k-00002-00000389-00001232 [Music]
+UN8dnzvPC7k-00004-00009002-00009180 thank you
+UN8dnzvPC7k-00005-00009181-00009409 [Music]
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00000-00000000-00000221 you know Turkey is general elections
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00001-00000222-00000491 will be held in less than a week the
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00002-00000492-00000688 election poses a tough test for
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00003-00000689-00000965 president receptor erdogan who seeks to
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00004-00000966-00001337 continue on his two-decade-old rule the
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00005-00001338-00001577 president is pulling out all the stops
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00006-00001578-00001847 in his campaign trial in face of an
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00007-00001848-00002105 emboldened opposition now erdogan hold a
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00008-00002106-00002339 rally in the city of Istanbul on Sunday
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00009-00002340-00002626 he was greeted with a massive crowd
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00010-00002627-00002957 cheering him the during the rally the
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00011-00002958-00003089 president accused the opposition
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00012-00003090-00003281 Alliance known as the Republican
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00013-00003282-00003545 People's Party of siding with terrorists
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00014-00003546-00004006 and also called them pro-lgbtq
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00015-00004007-00004877 foreign
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00016-00004878-00006472 [Applause]
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00017-00006473-00007295 [Applause]
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00018-00007295-00007541 little one's main Challenger and
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00019-00007542-00007859 opposition leader Kamal clusterolu has
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00020-00007859-00008159 also held a rally in the same city Clash
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00021-00008159-00008428 Royale has betrayed his six-party
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00022-00008429-00008633 Alliance as a force for Democratic
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00023-00008634-00008923 change his Alliance includes liberals
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00024-00008924-00009178 nationalists and religious conservatives
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00025-00009179-00009467 it has vowed to abandon the presidential
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00026-00009468-00009731 system which erdogan introduced after
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00027-00009732-00009923 winning a hard-fought constitutional
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00028-00009924-00010319 referendum in 2017. other promises
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00029-00010320-00010601 include defending women's rights and
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00030-00010602-00010817 changing the economic system which it
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00031-00010818-00010996 has called orthodox
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00032-00010997-00011303 but things did not appear to go well for
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00033-00011304-00011609 a mayor from this Alliance the mayor
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00034-00011610-00011914 from Istanbul at Graham imamolu was
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00035-00011915-00012173 holding a rally in the eastern city of
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00036-00012174-00012419 erzoram and he was confronted with a
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00037-00012420-00012659 crowd which started poulting stones at
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00038-00012660-00012983 him this forced a memolu to cut short
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00039-00012984-00013313 his rally and flee he accused the police
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00040-00013313-00013780 of inaction
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00041-00013781-00014344 foreign
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00042-00014345-00014597 he loves us going to learn to the wash
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00043-00014597-00015738 foreign
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00044-00015740-00015988 elections are slated to be held on the
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00045-00015990-00016265 14th of May this time four candidates
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00046-00016266-00016439 are running for the post of the
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00047-00016440-00016780 president now these include a right-wing
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00048-00016781-00017111 leader sinan organ and a Centrist leader
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00049-00017112-00017447 murram initi apart from erdogan and
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00050-00017448-00017753 clutch derulu now these leaders need to
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00051-00017754-00018029 secure more than 50 percent of the total
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00052-00018030-00018341 votes in order to emerge Victorious if
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00053-00018342-00018527 they fail in doing so then the result
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00054-00018528-00018815 will be decided through a runoff
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00055-00018816-00019091 this time everyone and his party called
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00056-00019092-00019343 the justice and development party face a
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00057-00019344-00019655 dire challenge this comes 0 to 1 faces
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00058-00019656-00020003 blame over a deteriorating economy as
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00059-00020004-00020225 well as a LAX response to an earthquake
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00060-00020226-00020579 which killed more than 50 000 people
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00061-00020580-00020867 but the president too has been tenacious
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00062-00020868-00021167 he has made multiple visits to the sites
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00063-00021168-00021485 affected by the catastrophe erdogan has
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00064-00021486-00021700 peppered the election Runner with the
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00065-00021701-00021900 celebrations of several industrial
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00066-00021901-00022217 Milestones these include launching the
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00067-00022218-00022480 country's first electric car an
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00068-00022481-00022769 indigenous assault ship a nuclear power
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00069-00022770-00023722 plant among others
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00070-00023723-00024011 we are now available in your country
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00071-00024012-00024328 download the app now get all the news on
+UpdnDkCZm1I-00072-00024329-00024559 the move
+UPZVbysS-0E-00000-00000119-00000335 greetings to you all in the matchless
+UPZVbysS-0E-00001-00000336-00000569 name of our Lord Jesus Christ
+UPZVbysS-0E-00002-00000570-00000875 today this Friday we the Believers of
+UPZVbysS-0E-00003-00000876-00001093 Jesus Christ of the entire planet
+UPZVbysS-0E-00004-00001094-00001391 observe it as Good Friday
+UPZVbysS-0E-00005-00001392-00001589 so what is the significance of Good
+UPZVbysS-0E-00006-00001590-00001907 Friday and what it actually means
+UPZVbysS-0E-00007-00001907-00002183 this day marks the crucifixion of our
+UPZVbysS-0E-00008-00002184-00002489 Lord Jesus Christ on the cross the one
+UPZVbysS-0E-00009-00002490-00002783 who divided the historical timeline was
+UPZVbysS-0E-00010-00002784-00002968 killed on the cross on the Mount of
+UPZVbysS-0E-00011-00002969-00003155 calvary
+UPZVbysS-0E-00012-00003156-00003443 so how can this kilometers even be
+UPZVbysS-0E-00013-00003444-00003640 called as good and the death of the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00014-00003642-00003940 person be called as good and what is so
+UPZVbysS-0E-00015-00003942-00004145 good about Good Friday
+UPZVbysS-0E-00016-00004146-00004397 the master of the universe the creator
+UPZVbysS-0E-00017-00004398-00004588 of the universe has created everything
+UPZVbysS-0E-00018-00004589-00004901 and also man and he set up few
+UPZVbysS-0E-00019-00004902-00005131 guidelines for the well-being of mankind
+UPZVbysS-0E-00020-00005132-00005447 this guidelines usually referred to as
+UPZVbysS-0E-00021-00005448-00005867 law in the Holy Bible was perfect holy
+UPZVbysS-0E-00022-00005868-00006185 Flawless and is of divine and Heavenly
+UPZVbysS-0E-00023-00006186-00006311 standards
+UPZVbysS-0E-00024-00006312-00006781 as it is said in Psalms 19 and verses 7
+UPZVbysS-0E-00025-00006781-00007127 the law of the Lord is perfect
+UPZVbysS-0E-00026-00007128-00007475 but as to man to whom God has given free
+UPZVbysS-0E-00027-00007476-00007564 will
+UPZVbysS-0E-00028-00007565-00007795 to choose between life and death
+UPZVbysS-0E-00029-00007795-00008278 blessing and curse man be being weak in
+UPZVbysS-0E-00030-00008279-00008519 his flesh has quickly fallen from the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00031-00008520-00008777 Divine standards
+UPZVbysS-0E-00032-00008778-00009133 as it is said in Isaiah 53 and verses 6
+UPZVbysS-0E-00033-00009134-00009617 we all like sheep have gone astray
+UPZVbysS-0E-00034-00009618-00009767 but how
+UPZVbysS-0E-00035-00009768-00010073 because the very thought and Imagination
+UPZVbysS-0E-00036-00010074-00010477 of man's heart are only evil continually
+UPZVbysS-0E-00037-00010478-00010841 and so the weakness of the man is so
+UPZVbysS-0E-00038-00010842-00011141 great upon the Earth as it is said in
+UPZVbysS-0E-00039-00011142-00011578 Genesis verses 5 and 6.
+UPZVbysS-0E-00040-00011579-00012017 and according to Romans 3 and 23 all of
+UPZVbysS-0E-00041-00012018-00012305 us has sin and fallen short of the glory
+UPZVbysS-0E-00042-00012306-00012733 of God
+UPZVbysS-0E-00043-00012734-00013193 but now the wages of sin is death as it
+UPZVbysS-0E-00044-00013194-00013338 is referred to
+UPZVbysS-0E-00045-00013340-00014035 in Romans 6 and 23.
+UPZVbysS-0E-00046-00014036-00014380 here in this verse it is said
+UPZVbysS-0E-00047-00014381-00014741 the basis of sin is death
+UPZVbysS-0E-00048-00014741-00015143 so we are all bound to death because we
+UPZVbysS-0E-00049-00015144-00015335 all have gone astray
+UPZVbysS-0E-00050-00015336-00015875 but here the story turns
+UPZVbysS-0E-00051-00015876-00016169 in continuation of the verse
+UPZVbysS-0E-00052-00016169-00016361 here it says
+UPZVbysS-0E-00053-00016362-00016661 the wages of sin is death but the gift
+UPZVbysS-0E-00054-00016662-00016955 of God is eternal life
+UPZVbysS-0E-00055-00016956-00017297 a great exchange of death to eternal
+UPZVbysS-0E-00056-00017298-00017669 life
+UPZVbysS-0E-00057-00017670-00017947 let me explain you this
+UPZVbysS-0E-00058-00017948-00018400 God is a righteous judge and he is
+UPZVbysS-0E-00059-00018401-00018749 indeed a father our creator
+UPZVbysS-0E-00060-00018750-00019085 but he cannot compromise his judgment
+UPZVbysS-0E-00061-00019086-00019391 but he is a loving father too
+UPZVbysS-0E-00062-00019392-00019811 he can't let his child die and perish
+UPZVbysS-0E-00063-00019812-00020194 because of sin and weakness
+UPZVbysS-0E-00064-00020195-00020411 at this point
+UPZVbysS-0E-00065-00020412-00020699 he can't compromise his judgment he
+UPZVbysS-0E-00066-00020700-00020885 can't lose his child
+UPZVbysS-0E-00067-00020886-00021208 at this Junction he has planned and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00068-00021209-00021586 constructed a way of salvation
+UPZVbysS-0E-00069-00021587-00021827 he made the Judgment clear
+UPZVbysS-0E-00070-00021828-00022133 but sparing his child he took the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00071-00022134-00022403 Judgment upon himself
+UPZVbysS-0E-00072-00022404-00022835 so cross is a great exchange of our
+UPZVbysS-0E-00073-00022836-00023194 punishment our sin our death
+UPZVbysS-0E-00074-00023195-00023497 on to the Creator and we were spared
+UPZVbysS-0E-00075-00023498-00024083 promised and given life and life eternal
+UPZVbysS-0E-00076-00024084-00024413 so cross is not a burden to carry
+UPZVbysS-0E-00077-00024414-00024713 instead it's a place where you lay off
+UPZVbysS-0E-00078-00024714-00025013 all your Burden Burden of sin and the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00079-00025014-00025222 punishment of sin
+UPZVbysS-0E-00080-00025223-00025631 in addition to this Great Exchange also
+UPZVbysS-0E-00081-00025632-00025864 includes some of the points which I
+UPZVbysS-0E-00082-00025866-00026387 would let you know
+UPZVbysS-0E-00083-00026388-00026573 there was
+UPZVbysS-0E-00084-00026574-00026777 there were two thieves
+UPZVbysS-0E-00085-00026777-00027155 on either side of the cross of Jesus
+UPZVbysS-0E-00086-00027156-00027520 because of the pain of the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00087-00027522-00027952 they were both angry and envious but
+UPZVbysS-0E-00088-00027954-00028289 Jesus endured his peace and he has
+UPZVbysS-0E-00089-00028289-00028540 forgiven all those who are troubling him
+UPZVbysS-0E-00090-00028541-00028745 on the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00091-00028745-00029189 so there was an exchange for an anger
+UPZVbysS-0E-00092-00029189-00029518 and envy to peace and forgiveness
+UPZVbysS-0E-00093-00029519-00029861 the Journey of the cross has included
+UPZVbysS-0E-00094-00029862-00030101 shame and reproach
+UPZVbysS-0E-00095-00030102-00030449 but Jesus's promise glory and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00096-00030450-00030695 Restoration in exchange
+UPZVbysS-0E-00097-00030695-00030911 there was Darkness upon the whole planet
+UPZVbysS-0E-00098-00030912-00031283 and death was in the cross but through a
+UPZVbysS-0E-00099-00031283-00031552 resurrection there was great light and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00100-00031554-00031793 their life was restored back
+UPZVbysS-0E-00101-00031794-00032212 Jesus said he thirsted on the cross to
+UPZVbysS-0E-00102-00032213-00032470 give us in exchange to give us the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00103-00032472-00032705 Fountain of Living Waters
+UPZVbysS-0E-00104-00032706-00033040 because he was made sin for us he was
+UPZVbysS-0E-00105-00033041-00033335 forsaken by the father but now he has
+UPZVbysS-0E-00106-00033336-00033599 promised us the Holy Spirit through whom
+UPZVbysS-0E-00107-00033600-00033952 we can have continuous presence of God
+UPZVbysS-0E-00108-00033953-00034349 as a human being in the human form Jesus
+UPZVbysS-0E-00109-00034350-00034685 was limited in some areas like for
+UPZVbysS-0E-00110-00034686-00034835 example
+UPZVbysS-0E-00111-00034836-00035099 he was limited to Israel
+UPZVbysS-0E-00112-00035100-00035512 when he came as man but
+UPZVbysS-0E-00113-00035513-00036101 now after Resurrection he was he is made
+UPZVbysS-0E-00114-00036102-00036293 Unlimited
+UPZVbysS-0E-00115-00036294-00036587 now we are given access to his
+UPZVbysS-0E-00116-00036588-00036851 unlimitedness
+UPZVbysS-0E-00117-00036852-00037096 now we are redeemed even from the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00118-00037097-00037409 bondage and the burden of law
+UPZVbysS-0E-00119-00037410-00037733 not that we are not under the law or not
+UPZVbysS-0E-00120-00037734-00037990 we are bound to the law not that we need
+UPZVbysS-0E-00121-00037991-00038290 not fulfill the law but by his strength
+UPZVbysS-0E-00122-00038291-00038512 we fulfill the law
+UPZVbysS-0E-00123-00038513-00038723 much more enough
+UPZVbysS-0E-00124-00038724-00039023 and we are bestowed the blessings of
+UPZVbysS-0E-00125-00039024-00039389 Abraham upon us
+UPZVbysS-0E-00126-00039390-00039659 and he is made poor so that we are made
+UPZVbysS-0E-00127-00039660-00039940 rich and because of his poverty through
+UPZVbysS-0E-00128-00039941-00040157 his riches of Glory Prosperity is
+UPZVbysS-0E-00129-00040158-00040295 promised to us
+UPZVbysS-0E-00130-00040296-00040552 he was stripped off his garments shame
+UPZVbysS-0E-00131-00040553-00040883 of nakedness was upon him to give us the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00132-00040884-00041195 garments of Salvation and praise
+UPZVbysS-0E-00133-00041196-00041501 the crown of thorns was put on his head
+UPZVbysS-0E-00134-00041502-00041789 to Crown us with the crown of Honor
+UPZVbysS-0E-00135-00041790-00042101 the burden of sin was broken upon us the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00136-00042102-00042299 Yoke of righteousness and Holiness was
+UPZVbysS-0E-00137-00042300-00042443 laid upon us
+UPZVbysS-0E-00138-00042444-00042817 finally death and sin were conquered
+UPZVbysS-0E-00139-00042818-00043133 Victory and everlasting life were
+UPZVbysS-0E-00140-00043134-00043261 promised
+UPZVbysS-0E-00141-00043262-00043595 this actually is the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00142-00043596-00043967 cross is not a burden to carry instead
+UPZVbysS-0E-00143-00043968-00044279 it's a place where you lay off all your
+UPZVbysS-0E-00144-00044280-00044452 burden
+UPZVbysS-0E-00145-00044453-00044795 this great is the Salvation which God
+UPZVbysS-0E-00146-00044796-00045173 has promised upon
+UPZVbysS-0E-00147-00045174-00045293 the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00148-00045294-00045568 and this is the Salvation that God has
+UPZVbysS-0E-00149-00045569-00045935 promised to us as said in Hebrews 2 and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00150-00045936-00046295 verse 3. if we ignore and if we neglect
+UPZVbysS-0E-00151-00046296-00046657 such a great salvation how can we escape
+UPZVbysS-0E-00152-00046658-00046961 Jesus made the way of Salvation so
+UPZVbysS-0E-00153-00046962-00047039 simple
+UPZVbysS-0E-00154-00047040-00047296 believe him believe his work on the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00155-00047297-00047621 cross claim him claim it claim the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00156-00047622-00047890 Salvation receive the Salvation don't
+UPZVbysS-0E-00157-00047891-00048143 despise Jesus don't despise the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00158-00048144-00048562 cross is not the shame it's a glory
+UPZVbysS-0E-00159-00048563-00048790 let's pray
+UPZVbysS-0E-00160-00048791-00049073 Lord Jesus whoever is listening to this
+UPZVbysS-0E-00161-00049074-00049312 sermon open the rise of understanding
+UPZVbysS-0E-00162-00049313-00049517 keep them
+UPZVbysS-0E-00163-00049518-00049757 close to the Cross help them acknowledge
+UPZVbysS-0E-00164-00049758-00050015 the work on the cross help them claim it
+UPZVbysS-0E-00165-00050016-00050255 for their salvation seal them with your
+UPZVbysS-0E-00166-00050256-00050615 blood Lord in Jesus name I pray amen and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00167-00050616-00050855 amen
+UPZVbysS-0E-00168-00050856-00051071 greetings to you all in the matchless
+UPZVbysS-0E-00169-00051072-00051304 name of our Lord Jesus Christ
+UPZVbysS-0E-00170-00051305-00051611 today this Friday we the Believers of
+UPZVbysS-0E-00171-00051612-00051829 Jesus Christ of the entire planet
+UPZVbysS-0E-00172-00051829-00052132 observe it as Good Friday
+UPZVbysS-0E-00173-00052133-00052330 so what is the significance of Good
+UPZVbysS-0E-00174-00052332-00052649 Friday and what it actually means
+UPZVbysS-0E-00175-00052650-00052919 this day marks the crucifixion of our
+UPZVbysS-0E-00176-00052920-00053159 Lord Jesus Christ on the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00177-00053160-00053375 the one who divided the historical
+UPZVbysS-0E-00178-00053376-00053669 timeline was killed on the cross on the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00179-00053670-00053885 Mount of calvary
+UPZVbysS-0E-00180-00053886-00054173 so how can this kilometers even be
+UPZVbysS-0E-00181-00054174-00054371 called as good and the death of the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00182-00054372-00054671 person be called as good and what is so
+UPZVbysS-0E-00183-00054672-00054887 good about Good Friday
+UPZVbysS-0E-00184-00054888-00055132 the master of the universe the creator
+UPZVbysS-0E-00185-00055133-00055325 of the universe has created everything
+UPZVbysS-0E-00186-00055326-00055637 and also man and he set up few
+UPZVbysS-0E-00187-00055638-00055865 guidelines for the well-being of mankind
+UPZVbysS-0E-00188-00055866-00056182 this guidelines usually referred to as
+UPZVbysS-0E-00189-00056183-00056603 law in the Holy Bible was perfect holy
+UPZVbysS-0E-00190-00056604-00056921 Flawless and is of divine and Heavenly
+UPZVbysS-0E-00191-00056922-00057047 standards
+UPZVbysS-0E-00192-00057048-00057509 as it is said in Psalms 19 and verses 7
+UPZVbysS-0E-00193-00057510-00057857 the law of the Lord is perfect
+UPZVbysS-0E-00194-00057858-00058211 but as to man to whom God has given free
+UPZVbysS-0E-00195-00058212-00058307 will
+UPZVbysS-0E-00196-00058308-00058525 to choose between life and death
+UPZVbysS-0E-00197-00058526-00059015 blessing and curse man be being weak in
+UPZVbysS-0E-00198-00059016-00059254 his flesh has quickly fallen from the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00199-00059255-00059519 Divine standards
+UPZVbysS-0E-00200-00059520-00059879 as it is said in Isaiah 53 and verses 6.
+UPZVbysS-0E-00201-00059879-00060347 we all like sheep have gone astray
+UPZVbysS-0E-00202-00060348-00060497 but how
+UPZVbysS-0E-00203-00060498-00060803 because the very thought and Imagination
+UPZVbysS-0E-00204-00060804-00061207 of man's heart are only evil continually
+UPZVbysS-0E-00205-00061208-00061571 and so the weakness of the man is so
+UPZVbysS-0E-00206-00061572-00061871 great upon the Earth as it is said in
+UPZVbysS-0E-00207-00061872-00062309 Genesis verses 5 and 6.
+UPZVbysS-0E-00208-00062310-00062747 and according to Romans 3 and 23 all of
+UPZVbysS-0E-00209-00062748-00063035 us has sin and fallen short of the glory
+UPZVbysS-0E-00210-00063036-00063469 of God
+UPZVbysS-0E-00211-00063470-00063929 but now the wages of sin is death as it
+UPZVbysS-0E-00212-00063929-00064075 is referred to
+UPZVbysS-0E-00213-00064076-00064765 in Romans 6 and 23.
+UPZVbysS-0E-00214-00064766-00065116 here in this verse it is said
+UPZVbysS-0E-00215-00065117-00065476 the basis of sin is death
+UPZVbysS-0E-00216-00065477-00065867 so we are all bound to death because we
+UPZVbysS-0E-00217-00065868-00066059 all have gone astray
+UPZVbysS-0E-00218-00066060-00066606 but here the story turns
+UPZVbysS-0E-00219-00066607-00066899 in continuation of the verse
+UPZVbysS-0E-00220-00066900-00067091 here it says
+UPZVbysS-0E-00221-00067092-00067397 the wages of sin is death but the gift
+UPZVbysS-0E-00222-00067398-00067691 of God is eternal life
+UPZVbysS-0E-00223-00067692-00068032 a great exchange of death to eternal
+UPZVbysS-0E-00224-00068033-00068399 life
+UPZVbysS-0E-00225-00068400-00068682 let me explain you this
+UPZVbysS-0E-00226-00068683-00069131 God is a righteous judge and he is
+UPZVbysS-0E-00227-00069132-00069479 indeed a father our creator
+UPZVbysS-0E-00228-00069480-00069815 but he cannot compromise his judgment
+UPZVbysS-0E-00229-00069816-00070121 but he is a loving father too
+UPZVbysS-0E-00230-00070122-00070541 he can't let his child die and perish
+UPZVbysS-0E-00231-00070542-00070925 because of sin and weakness
+UPZVbysS-0E-00232-00070926-00071141 at this point
+UPZVbysS-0E-00233-00071142-00071435 he can't compromise his judgment he
+UPZVbysS-0E-00234-00071436-00071615 can't lose his child
+UPZVbysS-0E-00235-00071616-00071944 at this Junction he has planned and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00236-00071945-00072323 constructed a way of salvation
+UPZVbysS-0E-00237-00072324-00072563 he made the Judgment clear
+UPZVbysS-0E-00238-00072564-00072869 but sparing his child he took the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00239-00072870-00073132 Judgment upon himself
+UPZVbysS-0E-00240-00073133-00073559 so cross is a great exchange of our
+UPZVbysS-0E-00241-00073560-00073925 punishment our sin our death
+UPZVbysS-0E-00242-00073926-00074226 on to the Creator and we were spared
+UPZVbysS-0E-00243-00074227-00074819 promised and given life and life eternal
+UPZVbysS-0E-00244-00074820-00075143 so cross is not a burden to carry
+UPZVbysS-0E-00245-00075144-00075449 instead it's a place where you lay off
+UPZVbysS-0E-00246-00075450-00075749 all your Burden Burden of sin and the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00247-00075750-00075959 punishment of sin
+UPZVbysS-0E-00248-00075960-00076367 in addition to this Great Exchange also
+UPZVbysS-0E-00249-00076368-00076594 includes some of the points which I
+UPZVbysS-0E-00250-00076595-00077123 would let you know
+UPZVbysS-0E-00251-00077124-00077309 there was
+UPZVbysS-0E-00252-00077310-00077506 there were two thieves
+UPZVbysS-0E-00253-00077507-00077885 on either side of the cross of Jesus
+UPZVbysS-0E-00254-00077886-00078250 because of the pain of the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00255-00078251-00078682 they were both angry and envious but
+UPZVbysS-0E-00256-00078683-00079019 Jesus endured his peace and he has
+UPZVbysS-0E-00257-00079020-00079265 forgiven all those who are troubling him
+UPZVbysS-0E-00258-00079266-00079475 on the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00259-00079476-00079919 so there was an exchange for an anger
+UPZVbysS-0E-00260-00079920-00080249 and envy to peace and forgiveness
+UPZVbysS-0E-00261-00080250-00080591 the Journey of the cross has included
+UPZVbysS-0E-00262-00080592-00080831 shame and reproach
+UPZVbysS-0E-00263-00080832-00081179 but Jesus's promise glory and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00264-00081180-00081431 Restoration in exchange
+UPZVbysS-0E-00265-00081432-00081641 there was Darkness upon the whole planet
+UPZVbysS-0E-00266-00081642-00082012 and death was in the cross but through a
+UPZVbysS-0E-00267-00082013-00082288 resurrection there was great light and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00268-00082289-00082541 their life was restored back
+UPZVbysS-0E-00269-00082542-00082949 Jesus said he thirsted on the cross to
+UPZVbysS-0E-00270-00082950-00083206 give us in exchange to give us the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00271-00083207-00083435 Fountain of Living Waters
+UPZVbysS-0E-00272-00083436-00083776 because he was made sin for us he was
+UPZVbysS-0E-00273-00083777-00084071 forsaken by the father but now he has
+UPZVbysS-0E-00274-00084072-00084341 promised us the Holy Spirit through whom
+UPZVbysS-0E-00275-00084342-00084688 we can have continuous presence of God
+UPZVbysS-0E-00276-00084689-00085085 as a human being in the human form Jesus
+UPZVbysS-0E-00277-00085086-00085421 was limited in some areas like for
+UPZVbysS-0E-00278-00085422-00085571 example
+UPZVbysS-0E-00279-00085572-00085829 he was limited to Israel
+UPZVbysS-0E-00280-00085830-00086249 when he came as man but
+UPZVbysS-0E-00281-00086250-00086488 now after Resurrection
+UPZVbysS-0E-00282-00086489-00087029 he was he is made Unlimited
+UPZVbysS-0E-00283-00087030-00087323 now we are given access to his
+UPZVbysS-0E-00284-00087324-00087587 unlimitedness
+UPZVbysS-0E-00285-00087588-00087826 now we are redeemed even from the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00286-00087827-00088138 bondage and the burden of law
+UPZVbysS-0E-00287-00088139-00088462 not that we are not under the law or not
+UPZVbysS-0E-00288-00088463-00088721 we are bound to the law not that we need
+UPZVbysS-0E-00289-00088722-00089026 not fulfill the law but by his strength
+UPZVbysS-0E-00290-00089027-00089243 we fulfill the law
+UPZVbysS-0E-00291-00089244-00089453 much more enough
+UPZVbysS-0E-00292-00089454-00089753 and we are best or the blessings of
+UPZVbysS-0E-00293-00089754-00090118 Abraham upon us
+UPZVbysS-0E-00294-00090119-00090394 and he is made poor so that we are made
+UPZVbysS-0E-00295-00090395-00090676 rich and because of his poverty through
+UPZVbysS-0E-00296-00090677-00090893 his riches of Glory Prosperity is
+UPZVbysS-0E-00297-00090894-00091031 promised to us
+UPZVbysS-0E-00298-00091032-00091288 he was stripped off his garments shame
+UPZVbysS-0E-00299-00091289-00091618 of nakedness was upon him to give us the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00300-00091619-00091925 garments of Salvation and praise
+UPZVbysS-0E-00301-00091926-00092231 the crown of thorns was put on his head
+UPZVbysS-0E-00302-00092232-00092525 to Crown us with the crown of Honor
+UPZVbysS-0E-00303-00092526-00092837 the burden of sin was broken upon us the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00304-00092838-00093029 Yoke of righteousness and Holiness was
+UPZVbysS-0E-00305-00093030-00093179 laid upon us
+UPZVbysS-0E-00306-00093180-00093553 finally death and sin were conquered
+UPZVbysS-0E-00307-00093554-00093868 Victory and everlasting life were
+UPZVbysS-0E-00308-00093869-00093997 promised
+UPZVbysS-0E-00309-00093998-00094325 this actually is the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00310-00094326-00094703 cross is not a burden to carry instead
+UPZVbysS-0E-00311-00094704-00095021 it's a place where you lay off all your
+UPZVbysS-0E-00312-00095022-00095188 burden
+UPZVbysS-0E-00313-00095189-00095537 this great is the Salvation which God
+UPZVbysS-0E-00314-00095538-00095903 has promised upon
+UPZVbysS-0E-00315-00095904-00096029 the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00316-00096030-00096305 and this is the Salvation that God has
+UPZVbysS-0E-00317-00096306-00096671 promised to us as said in Hebrews 2 and
+UPZVbysS-0E-00318-00096672-00096803 verse 3.
+UPZVbysS-0E-00319-00096804-00097121 if we ignore and if we neglect such a
+UPZVbysS-0E-00320-00097122-00097493 great salvation how can we escape Jesus
+UPZVbysS-0E-00321-00097494-00097768 made the way of Salvation so simple
+UPZVbysS-0E-00322-00097769-00098026 believe him believe his work on the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00323-00098027-00098350 cross claim him claim it claim the
+UPZVbysS-0E-00324-00098351-00098621 Salvation receive the Salvation don't
+UPZVbysS-0E-00325-00098622-00098867 despise Jesus don't despise the cross
+UPZVbysS-0E-00326-00098868-00099299 cross is not the shame it's a glory
+UPZVbysS-0E-00327-00099300-00099521 let's pray
+UPZVbysS-0E-00328-00099522-00099803 Lord Jesus whoever is listening to this
+UPZVbysS-0E-00329-00099804-00100172 sermon open the rise of understand
+URshwgDw-10-00000-00001463-00001726 welcome to this lecture series on
+URshwgDw-10-00001-00001727-00001934 nano electronics
+URshwgDw-10-00002-00001935-00002095 which will include a lot of discussion
+URshwgDw-10-00003-00002096-00002231 on devices
+URshwgDw-10-00004-00002232-00002463 as well as materials
+URshwgDw-10-00005-00002464-00002575 this
+URshwgDw-10-00006-00002576-00002783 course will be taught jointly by three
+URshwgDw-10-00007-00002784-00003015 faculty members i am president kant
+URshwgDw-10-00008-00003016-00003110 bhatt
+URshwgDw-10-00009-00003111-00003375 i will probably cover about one third of
+URshwgDw-10-00010-00003376-00003486 these
+URshwgDw-10-00011-00003488-00003638 lecture series
+URshwgDw-10-00012-00003639-00003799 and subsequently
+URshwgDw-10-00013-00003800-00003990 two other colleagues of mine process
+URshwgDw-10-00014-00003992-00004215 shiv shankar and prasar kayn bhatt
+URshwgDw-10-00015-00004216-00004535 will also cover rest of the course
+URshwgDw-10-00016-00004536-00004711 we are from center for nano science and
+URshwgDw-10-00017-00004712-00004886 engineering which is
+URshwgDw-10-00018-00004887-00005095 a brand new department at the indian
+URshwgDw-10-00019-00005096-00005335 institute of science bangalore
+URshwgDw-10-00020-00005336-00005615 and you can go to this website which
+URshwgDw-10-00021-00005616-00005854 gives a lot more details about
+URshwgDw-10-00022-00005855-00006054 the center and
+URshwgDw-10-00023-00006055-00006263 the capabilities of the center and the
+URshwgDw-10-00024-00006264-00006486 vision of the center and so on and so
+URshwgDw-10-00025-00006487-00006663 forth and the building that you see out
+URshwgDw-10-00026-00006664-00006846 here is
+URshwgDw-10-00027-00006847-00007142 the new building which is home to the
+URshwgDw-10-00028-00007143-00007367 center for nano science and engineering
+URshwgDw-10-00029-00007368-00007534 it houses a state of the art nano
+URshwgDw-10-00030-00007536-00007823 fabrication facility
+URshwgDw-10-00031-00007823-00008142 and also a very extensive nano
+URshwgDw-10-00032-00008143-00008455 characterization facility
+URshwgDw-10-00033-00008456-00008727 okay so let us get started with the
+URshwgDw-10-00034-00008728-00008855 course
+URshwgDw-10-00035-00008856-00009303 just a couple of logistics first
+URshwgDw-10-00036-00009304-00009527 some of the there is no textbook
+URshwgDw-10-00037-00009528-00009663 really for
+URshwgDw-10-00038-00009664-00009863 this course however
+URshwgDw-10-00039-00009864-00010142 there are quite a few reference books
+URshwgDw-10-00040-00010143-00010414 some of those are listed here
+URshwgDw-10-00041-00010415-00010503 and
+URshwgDw-10-00042-00010504-00010703 you know these consist of
+URshwgDw-10-00043-00010704-00010983 two things
+URshwgDw-10-00044-00010984-00011191 two broad areas
+URshwgDw-10-00045-00011192-00011310 that is
+URshwgDw-10-00046-00011311-00011559 devices as i mentioned
+URshwgDw-10-00047-00011560-00011806 ah you know you can go through following
+URshwgDw-10-00048-00011807-00012023 uh series of books
+URshwgDw-10-00049-00012024-00012263 depending on which topics that you are
+URshwgDw-10-00050-00012264-00012478 interested in fundamentals of modern
+URshwgDw-10-00051-00012479-00012742 vlsi devices
+URshwgDw-10-00052-00012743-00012919 john taur and neng
+URshwgDw-10-00053-00012919-00013158 cambridge university press solid state
+URshwgDw-10-00054-00013159-00013383 electron devices by streatman and
+URshwgDw-10-00055-00013384-00013494 banerjee
+URshwgDw-10-00056-00013495-00013751 which is a very classic textbook on
+URshwgDw-10-00057-00013752-00013991 semiconductor devices especially for the
+URshwgDw-10-00058-00013991-00014271 basics of devices fundamentals of
+URshwgDw-10-00059-00014272-00014479 electron devices
+URshwgDw-10-00060-00014480-00014735 which is written by achitan and bud k
+URshwgDw-10-00061-00014736-00014999 invert who is also
+URshwgDw-10-00062-00015000-00015263 you know a co-instructor on
+URshwgDw-10-00063-00015263-00015686 this course that we have
+URshwgDw-10-00064-00015687-00015879 then also there is
+URshwgDw-10-00065-00015880-00015999 one
+URshwgDw-10-00066-00016000-00016191 very important book
+URshwgDw-10-00067-00016191-00016471 on
+URshwgDw-10-00068-00016472-00016783 mos technology which is metal oxide
+URshwgDw-10-00069-00016784-00016943 semiconductor
+URshwgDw-10-00070-00016944-00017215 physics and technology by nicolian and
+URshwgDw-10-00071-00017216-00017415 bruce which is also considered as the
+URshwgDw-10-00072-00017416-00017630 bible for mos
+URshwgDw-10-00073-00017631-00017807 technology
+URshwgDw-10-00074-00017808-00018014 and then you know there is the other set
+URshwgDw-10-00075-00018015-00018207 of books on process technologies and
+URshwgDw-10-00076-00018208-00018535 materials okay which include silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00077-00018536-00018847 vlsi technology by plumber deal and
+URshwgDw-10-00078-00018848-00018950 griffin
+URshwgDw-10-00079-00018951-00019319 ulsi technology edited by smz
+URshwgDw-10-00080-00019320-00019543 mcgraw publication and also
+URshwgDw-10-00081-00019544-00019743 a very extensive
+URshwgDw-10-00082-00019744-00019950 you know topics on material
+URshwgDw-10-00083-00019951-00020167 characterization covered in
+URshwgDw-10-00084-00020168-00020350 encyclopedia of material
+URshwgDw-10-00085-00020351-00020535 characterization
+URshwgDw-10-00086-00020536-00020735 published by a sphere right so as i
+URshwgDw-10-00087-00020736-00020830 mentioned
+URshwgDw-10-00088-00020831-00021135 in addition to these reference book
+URshwgDw-10-00089-00021136-00021319 books that i have listed
+URshwgDw-10-00090-00021320-00021422 during the
+URshwgDw-10-00091-00021423-00021575 course
+URshwgDw-10-00092-00021576-00021822 we will also point to
+URshwgDw-10-00093-00021823-00021983 certain
+URshwgDw-10-00094-00021984-00022199 publications which have appeared in the
+URshwgDw-10-00095-00022200-00022519 recent conferences and journals that are
+URshwgDw-10-00096-00022520-00022694 also very relevant to understand the
+URshwgDw-10-00097-00022695-00022807 material
+URshwgDw-10-00098-00022808-00023039 that we are going to cover in this
+URshwgDw-10-00099-00023040-00023647 course
+URshwgDw-10-00100-00023648-00023927 ok so
+URshwgDw-10-00101-00023928-00024135 just to put things in perspective when
+URshwgDw-10-00102-00024136-00024414 we talk of nano electronics right
+URshwgDw-10-00103-00024415-00024727 you know nano science of course uh is
+URshwgDw-10-00104-00024728-00024958 the most fundamental aspect
+URshwgDw-10-00105-00024959-00025303 uh just as the macro counterpart at nano
+URshwgDw-10-00106-00025304-00025639 scale the nanoscience essentially
+URshwgDw-10-00107-00025639-00025855 talks about you know studying phenomenon
+URshwgDw-10-00108-00025856-00026022 whether it is physical phenomenon
+URshwgDw-10-00109-00026023-00026214 chemical phenomenon or biological
+URshwgDw-10-00110-00026216-00026327 phenomenon
+URshwgDw-10-00111-00026327-00026535 but most importantly at length scales
+URshwgDw-10-00112-00026536-00026711 which are less than hundred nanometer
+URshwgDw-10-00113-00026712-00026918 right that is what we
+URshwgDw-10-00114-00026919-00027214 broadly classify as nanoscience
+URshwgDw-10-00115-00027216-00027495 now when we talk of nanotechnology
+URshwgDw-10-00116-00027495-00027727 what we are saying again just analogous
+URshwgDw-10-00117-00027727-00027935 to the macro counterpart
+URshwgDw-10-00118-00027936-00028127 based on the understanding that we
+URshwgDw-10-00119-00028127-00028255 gather
+URshwgDw-10-00120-00028256-00028495 after studying nanoscience we would like
+URshwgDw-10-00121-00028495-00028735 to make use of that understanding and
+URshwgDw-10-00122-00028736-00029031 create useful products right that is
+URshwgDw-10-00123-00029032-00029327 what technology is all about
+URshwgDw-10-00124-00029327-00029518 the distinction here is that the
+URshwgDw-10-00125-00029519-00029839 products are created with at least one
+URshwgDw-10-00126-00029839-00030039 building block right products will have
+URshwgDw-10-00127-00030039-00030231 multiple building blocks in them any
+URshwgDw-10-00128-00030232-00030446 product for that matter
+URshwgDw-10-00129-00030447-00030631 at least one building block should be at
+URshwgDw-10-00130-00030632-00030774 length scale which is less than hundred
+URshwgDw-10-00131-00030775-00030967 nanometer if that is the case then you
+URshwgDw-10-00132-00030968-00031135 know we call that product as a
+URshwgDw-10-00133-00031136-00031367 nanotechnology product or nanotechnology
+URshwgDw-10-00134-00031368-00031631 enabled product
+URshwgDw-10-00135-00031632-00031927 as most of you know there has been
+URshwgDw-10-00136-00031927-00032087 very tremendous
+URshwgDw-10-00137-00032088-00032246 activity in nanoscience and
+URshwgDw-10-00138-00032247-00032479 nanotechnology in the last few years all
+URshwgDw-10-00139-00032480-00032614 over the world
+URshwgDw-10-00140-00032616-00032835 and we can certainly say that
+URshwgDw-10-00141-00032836-00033118 nanoelectronics which happens to be
+URshwgDw-10-00142-00033119-00033327 one of the branches of nanotechnology
+URshwgDw-10-00143-00033328-00033543 you see in nanotechnology we can talk of
+URshwgDw-10-00144-00033544-00033731 nanomaterials
+URshwgDw-10-00145-00033732-00033967 nanobiotechnology nano electronics nano
+URshwgDw-10-00146-00033968-00034223 mechanics and so on and so forth
+URshwgDw-10-00147-00034224-00034359 out of this
+URshwgDw-10-00148-00034360-00034646 i can argue that nano electronics is
+URshwgDw-10-00149-00034647-00034831 probably the most mature of nano
+URshwgDw-10-00150-00034832-00035039 technology and in fact
+URshwgDw-10-00151-00035040-00035311 nano electronics is the most successful
+URshwgDw-10-00152-00035312-00035543 commercial manifestation of nano science
+URshwgDw-10-00153-00035544-00035767 and nano technology right so when we are
+URshwgDw-10-00154-00035768-00036015 talking of nano electronics we use nano
+URshwgDw-10-00155-00036016-00036223 electronics enabled products in our day
+URshwgDw-10-00156-00036224-00036439 to day life although we may not really
+URshwgDw-10-00157-00036440-00036759 know about that right
+URshwgDw-10-00158-00036760-00037030 and the most important thing
+URshwgDw-10-00159-00037031-00037135 to
+URshwgDw-10-00160-00037136-00037374 look ahead is that nanoelectronics
+URshwgDw-10-00161-00037375-00037535 growth in future
+URshwgDw-10-00162-00037536-00037895 relies on innovations in new materials
+URshwgDw-10-00163-00037896-00038167 and new device structures only then we
+URshwgDw-10-00164-00038168-00038446 can create new nano electronics products
+URshwgDw-10-00165-00038447-00038679 in the future right so this course is
+URshwgDw-10-00166-00038680-00038830 essentially trying to address that
+URshwgDw-10-00167-00038831-00038974 aspect right
+URshwgDw-10-00168-00038975-00039159 a very specific
+URshwgDw-10-00169-00039160-00039439 aspect of nanotechnology as i mentioned
+URshwgDw-10-00170-00039440-00039646 which is nano electronics
+URshwgDw-10-00171-00039647-00039887 and to be able to go along the nano
+URshwgDw-10-00172-00039888-00040102 electronic spot in future what do we
+URshwgDw-10-00173-00040103-00040255 need to do in terms of materials
+URshwgDw-10-00174-00040256-00040502 technology and device technology right
+URshwgDw-10-00175-00040503-00040687 and that is what we
+URshwgDw-10-00176-00040688-00040855 you know hope to cover
+URshwgDw-10-00177-00040856-00041335 during this course
+URshwgDw-10-00178-00041336-00041487 just to get
+URshwgDw-10-00179-00041488-00041639 feel for
+URshwgDw-10-00180-00041640-00041990 perspectives on length scale
+URshwgDw-10-00181-00041991-00042295 what i have tried to do here is to sort
+URshwgDw-10-00182-00042296-00042718 of juxtapose two different
+URshwgDw-10-00183-00042719-00042974 areas you know one is of course biology
+URshwgDw-10-00184-00042975-00043151 that we are all made of
+URshwgDw-10-00185-00043152-00043415 right and electronics that we create
+URshwgDw-10-00186-00043416-00043558 right
+URshwgDw-10-00187-00043559-00043735 as you know biology is of course based
+URshwgDw-10-00188-00043736-00043943 on carbon whereas electronics is
+URshwgDw-10-00189-00043944-00044135 entirely based on silicon right you know
+URshwgDw-10-00190-00044136-00044335 that is a underlying distinction out
+URshwgDw-10-00191-00044336-00044423 here
+URshwgDw-10-00192-00044424-00044679 this is carbon atom which is sort of of
+URshwgDw-10-00193-00044680-00044902 course you will have other atoms as well
+URshwgDw-10-00194-00044903-00045183 but carbon is the most fundamental
+URshwgDw-10-00195-00045184-00045439 aspect out here whereas here in addition
+URshwgDw-10-00196-00045440-00045590 to silicon you will also have various
+URshwgDw-10-00197-00045591-00045735 other things but you know silicon is
+URshwgDw-10-00198-00045736-00045958 essentially the enabler right
+URshwgDw-10-00199-00045959-00046271 now when we are talking of atomic scale
+URshwgDw-10-00200-00046272-00046462 right we are really talking of of the
+URshwgDw-10-00201-00046463-00046815 order of hundred pico meters right ah
+URshwgDw-10-00202-00046816-00047039 you know on the screen for some reasons
+URshwgDw-10-00203-00047040-00047207 these numbers are not coming out
+URshwgDw-10-00204-00047208-00047415 properly but what you have here in terms
+URshwgDw-10-00205-00047416-00047639 of these horizontal lines out here this
+URshwgDw-10-00206-00047640-00047951 is hundred meters this is 100 millimeter
+URshwgDw-10-00207-00047952-00048127 100 micrometer
+URshwgDw-10-00208-00048128-00048486 100 nanometer and 100 picometer right 3
+URshwgDw-10-00209-00048487-00048702 orders of magnitude decrease in length
+URshwgDw-10-00210-00048703-00048895 scale okay
+URshwgDw-10-00211-00048896-00048983 now
+URshwgDw-10-00212-00048984-00049286 in this area out here which is less than
+URshwgDw-10-00213-00049287-00049543 100 nanometer right
+URshwgDw-10-00214-00049544-00049751 this is the bar that we have you know in
+URshwgDw-10-00215-00049752-00049943 biology we have of course in addition to
+URshwgDw-10-00216-00049944-00050118 carbon atom then the building block of
+URshwgDw-10-00217-00050119-00050286 life which is n a
+URshwgDw-10-00218-00050287-00050518 and cell nucleus all these essentially
+URshwgDw-10-00219-00050519-00050758 fall in this domain right and similarly
+URshwgDw-10-00220-00050759-00050990 in the electronics counterpart
+URshwgDw-10-00221-00050991-00051190 you know in addition to the silicon atom
+URshwgDw-10-00222-00051191-00051382 you have the gate oxide which falls in
+URshwgDw-10-00223-00051383-00051502 this regime
+URshwgDw-10-00224-00051503-00051679 and the gate lengths that we talk about
+URshwgDw-10-00225-00051679-00051982 today are also in this regime right
+URshwgDw-10-00226-00051983-00052182 using this fundamental constructs that
+URshwgDw-10-00227-00052183-00052294 we have
+URshwgDw-10-00228-00052295-00052503 you know we then construct higher level
+URshwgDw-10-00229-00052504-00052711 abstractions right
+URshwgDw-10-00230-00052712-00052911 in electronics of course we do that but
+URshwgDw-10-00231-00052912-00053142 in biology nature does that right we do
+URshwgDw-10-00232-00053144-00053238 not
+URshwgDw-10-00233-00053239-00053438 still do not know how to do that right
+URshwgDw-10-00234-00053439-00053638 but you know the the idea here is that
+URshwgDw-10-00235-00053639-00053863 then we talk of red blood cells human
+URshwgDw-10-00236-00053864-00054038 arteries human hair you know this is a
+URshwgDw-10-00237-00054039-00054311 very classic example that was given when
+URshwgDw-10-00238-00054312-00054407 we were
+URshwgDw-10-00239-00054408-00054599 talking about micro electronics right
+URshwgDw-10-00240-00054600-00054711 just to give
+URshwgDw-10-00241-00054712-00054911 the length perspective here as you know
+URshwgDw-10-00242-00054912-00055135 less than 100 nanometer i already told
+URshwgDw-10-00243-00055136-00055391 you is nano technology right if you are
+URshwgDw-10-00244-00055391-00055599 less than 100 micrometer
+URshwgDw-10-00245-00055600-00055863 but more than 100 nanometer then you are
+URshwgDw-10-00246-00055864-00056126 really in the regime of micro technology
+URshwgDw-10-00247-00056127-00056342 in general and if that micro technology
+URshwgDw-10-00248-00056344-00056519 applies to electronics then you know we
+URshwgDw-10-00249-00056520-00056719 are doing micro electronics right so
+URshwgDw-10-00250-00056720-00056894 when we started doing micro electronics
+URshwgDw-10-00251-00056895-00057207 way back in 50s and 60s the classic
+URshwgDw-10-00252-00057208-00057471 example that was given was that we built
+URshwgDw-10-00253-00057472-00057711 transistors which are of the size less
+URshwgDw-10-00254-00057712-00057871 than diameter of the human hair right
+URshwgDw-10-00255-00057872-00058007 diameter of the human hair is about
+URshwgDw-10-00256-00058008-00058271 hundred micrometer right then you know
+URshwgDw-10-00257-00058272-00058430 between hundred micrometer to hundred
+URshwgDw-10-00258-00058432-00058591 millimeter you have mesoscale
+URshwgDw-10-00259-00058591-00058726 technologies
+URshwgDw-10-00260-00058727-00058982 right ah you know if you talk about
+URshwgDw-10-00261-00058983-00059142 electronics you know if you look at
+URshwgDw-10-00262-00059144-00059350 cache memory size or a microprocessor
+URshwgDw-10-00263-00059351-00059663 die or even a package chip right that
+URshwgDw-10-00264-00059664-00059887 will probably fall in this
+URshwgDw-10-00265-00059888-00060054 kind of length scale that we are talking
+URshwgDw-10-00266-00060055-00060215 about right
+URshwgDw-10-00267-00060216-00060303 ah
+URshwgDw-10-00268-00060304-00060471 then of course you know using this we
+URshwgDw-10-00269-00060472-00060679 build a variety of electronics product
+URshwgDw-10-00270-00060679-00060982 right ah you know so this is the big
+URshwgDw-10-00271-00060983-00061215 distinction right you know i also sort
+URshwgDw-10-00272-00061216-00061391 of indicated here
+URshwgDw-10-00273-00061391-00061606 biology has really figured out how to
+URshwgDw-10-00274-00061607-00061806 build the systems which are also you
+URshwgDw-10-00275-00061807-00061903 know
+URshwgDw-10-00276-00061904-00062135 ah benign to the environment meaning
+URshwgDw-10-00277-00062136-00062406 that you know once
+URshwgDw-10-00278-00062407-00062487 the
+URshwgDw-10-00279-00062488-00062735 living organism ceases to live right you
+URshwgDw-10-00280-00062736-00062991 know its biodegradable right whereas you
+URshwgDw-10-00281-00062991-00063199 know disposing electronics waste has
+URshwgDw-10-00282-00063200-00063342 become one of the biggest challenge
+URshwgDw-10-00283-00063344-00063582 today right now these are some of the
+URshwgDw-10-00284-00063583-00063671 things
+URshwgDw-10-00285-00063672-00063903 you know we have still not been able to
+URshwgDw-10-00286-00063904-00064038 figure out although we have been saying
+URshwgDw-10-00287-00064039-00064342 that today we can create a computer
+URshwgDw-10-00288-00064344-00064647 which can be as as powerful as as a
+URshwgDw-10-00289-00064648-00064799 human brain which of course is a very
+URshwgDw-10-00290-00064800-00065094 debatable point right but nonetheless we
+URshwgDw-10-00291-00065095-00065287 have not been able to do it with the
+URshwgDw-10-00292-00065288-00065479 efficiency that
+URshwgDw-10-00293-00065479-00065694 biology has been doing right so in other
+URshwgDw-10-00294-00065695-00065879 words the point to
+URshwgDw-10-00295-00065880-00066175 also understand here is that there
+URshwgDw-10-00296-00066176-00066438 are two important messages that i would
+URshwgDw-10-00297-00066439-00066663 like to drive home here right
+URshwgDw-10-00298-00066664-00066987 in future especially in the era of the
+URshwgDw-10-00299-00066988-00067231 nanotechnology right
+URshwgDw-10-00300-00067232-00067326 we
+URshwgDw-10-00301-00067327-00067487 there is a there is going to be very
+URshwgDw-10-00302-00067488-00067655 strong interaction between biology and
+URshwgDw-10-00303-00067656-00067919 electronics on one hand we would like to
+URshwgDw-10-00304-00067920-00068215 build electronics which we would call as
+URshwgDw-10-00305-00068216-00068447 bio inspired electronics really trying
+URshwgDw-10-00306-00068448-00068606 to mimic
+URshwgDw-10-00307-00068607-00068815 how the brain does computation right i
+URshwgDw-10-00308-00068816-00069031 mean the way we do digital computation
+URshwgDw-10-00309-00069032-00069238 is quite different from how biological
+URshwgDw-10-00310-00069239-00069494 systems do computation right so that is
+URshwgDw-10-00311-00069495-00069791 one aspect right related to that aspect
+URshwgDw-10-00312-00069792-00070087 is also the the point of uh you know
+URshwgDw-10-00313-00070088-00070335 self self-healing architectures you know
+URshwgDw-10-00314-00070336-00070575 redundancy in electronics and so on and
+URshwgDw-10-00315-00070576-00070767 so forth which is to sort of learn from
+URshwgDw-10-00316-00070768-00070959 biology right
+URshwgDw-10-00317-00070960-00071182 on the other hand i think one of the
+URshwgDw-10-00318-00071183-00071367 most important
+URshwgDw-10-00319-00071368-00071455 you know
+URshwgDw-10-00320-00071456-00071719 application area for electronics is
+URshwgDw-10-00321-00071720-00071967 really to apply electronics in biology
+URshwgDw-10-00322-00071968-00072247 in the next couple of decades right
+URshwgDw-10-00323-00072248-00072455 in terms of really building
+URshwgDw-10-00324-00072456-00072719 sensors for biological application
+URshwgDw-10-00325-00072720-00072991 diagnostic tools you know so called lab
+URshwgDw-10-00326-00072992-00073215 on chip devices and so on and so forth
+URshwgDw-10-00327-00073216-00073311 right
+URshwgDw-10-00328-00073312-00073455 so although
+URshwgDw-10-00329-00073456-00073638 you know when we started the discussion
+URshwgDw-10-00330-00073639-00073919 on this slide we said that you know
+URshwgDw-10-00331-00073920-00074143 these two systems seem to be distinct
+URshwgDw-10-00332-00074144-00074406 right but there is going to be a lot of
+URshwgDw-10-00333-00074407-00074775 synergy going forward among these two so
+URshwgDw-10-00334-00074776-00075006 seemingly which appear quite different
+URshwgDw-10-00335-00075007-00075238 right i think they will have to coexist
+URshwgDw-10-00336-00075239-00075462 and in fact that is why there is so much
+URshwgDw-10-00337-00075463-00075638 interest in nano electronics and nano
+URshwgDw-10-00338-00075639-00075935 technology because today we have the
+URshwgDw-10-00339-00075936-00076135 capability of building
+URshwgDw-10-00340-00076136-00076399 transistors or electronic
+URshwgDw-10-00341-00076400-00076743 components which are at the same scale
+URshwgDw-10-00342-00076744-00077006 as that of the building blocks of life
+URshwgDw-10-00343-00077007-00077238 right and that is where we can actually
+URshwgDw-10-00344-00077239-00077494 start interfacing the electronics and
+URshwgDw-10-00345-00077495-00077743 biology at their fundamental
+URshwgDw-10-00346-00077744-00077911 length scales right
+URshwgDw-10-00347-00077912-00078111 so ah you know you need to keep this in
+URshwgDw-10-00348-00078112-00078319 mind although in this course we are not
+URshwgDw-10-00349-00078320-00078543 going to cover anything on
+URshwgDw-10-00350-00078544-00078823 application of electronics in biology or
+URshwgDw-10-00351-00078824-00079079 bioinspired electronics and so on and so
+URshwgDw-10-00352-00079080-00079271 forth these are very good research
+URshwgDw-10-00353-00079272-00079494 topics to look forward to
+URshwgDw-10-00354-00079495-00079782 we will only focus on the silicon cmos
+URshwgDw-10-00355-00079783-00080023 technology and also some other materials
+URshwgDw-10-00356-00080024-00080150 which are going to complement the
+URshwgDw-10-00357-00080151-00080382 silicon technology right so that is
+URshwgDw-10-00358-00080383-00080662 going to be the emphasis of this course
+URshwgDw-10-00359-00080663-00080775 right
+URshwgDw-10-00360-00080776-00080975 ok so let us move on then
+URshwgDw-10-00361-00080976-00081094 so what is the big picture of
+URshwgDw-10-00362-00081095-00081319 electronics right you know electronics
+URshwgDw-10-00363-00081320-00081479 is very distinct right i mean you
+URshwgDw-10-00364-00081480-00081694 compare electronics industry
+URshwgDw-10-00365-00081695-00081926 with any other industry for example
+URshwgDw-10-00366-00081927-00082135 automobile right
+URshwgDw-10-00367-00082136-00082367 what is distinct about electronics as i
+URshwgDw-10-00368-00082368-00082559 already pointed out this is the only
+URshwgDw-10-00369-00082560-00082726 industry where you can create
+URshwgDw-10-00370-00082727-00082935 intelligence you see we create
+URshwgDw-10-00371-00082936-00083111 intelligence on silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00372-00083112-00083399 right and that is why electronics is is
+URshwgDw-10-00373-00083400-00083703 really an enabling manufacturing field
+URshwgDw-10-00374-00083704-00083831 right
+URshwgDw-10-00375-00083832-00084087 in fact it is predicted that if you look
+URshwgDw-10-00376-00084088-00084367 at a high end automobile today most of
+URshwgDw-10-00377-00084368-00084479 the
+URshwgDw-10-00378-00084480-00084750 cost i would say easily more than 50
+URshwgDw-10-00379-00084751-00084903 percent of the cost is really in
+URshwgDw-10-00380-00084904-00085047 electronics because it is this
+URshwgDw-10-00381-00085048-00085318 electronics which brings intelligence
+URshwgDw-10-00382-00085319-00085518 to automobile right i mean same is true
+URshwgDw-10-00383-00085519-00085735 with any other industrial segment in
+URshwgDw-10-00384-00085736-00085862 other words
+URshwgDw-10-00385-00085863-00086167 electronics industry has a far reaching
+URshwgDw-10-00386-00086168-00086350 impact on various other industrial
+URshwgDw-10-00387-00086351-00086599 segments that we have right
+URshwgDw-10-00388-00086600-00086767 and there was a very interesting survey
+URshwgDw-10-00389-00086768-00087126 conducted by a body in european union a
+URshwgDw-10-00390-00087127-00087343 while ago which said that
+URshwgDw-10-00391-00087344-00087550 the electronics industry growth in the
+URshwgDw-10-00392-00087551-00087823 last few years was twice
+URshwgDw-10-00393-00087824-00088079 as much as world gdp right just imagine
+URshwgDw-10-00394-00088080-00088255 that right you know that is the kind of
+URshwgDw-10-00395-00088256-00088631 growth that we have in electronics right
+URshwgDw-10-00396-00088632-00088847 so how is it enabled the big picture of
+URshwgDw-10-00397-00088848-00089094 electronics is that we construct these
+URshwgDw-10-00398-00089095-00089199 chips
+URshwgDw-10-00399-00089200-00089438 which will do either
+URshwgDw-10-00400-00089439-00089606 you know computation
+URshwgDw-10-00401-00089607-00089918 as is indicated here or
+URshwgDw-10-00402-00089919-00090047 storage right
+URshwgDw-10-00403-00090048-00090262 you know any field that you would like
+URshwgDw-10-00404-00090263-00090438 to look at there is lot of information
+URshwgDw-10-00405-00090439-00090559 that you gather
+URshwgDw-10-00406-00090560-00090735 so you need to store information and you
+URshwgDw-10-00407-00090736-00090950 need to process information right the
+URshwgDw-10-00408-00090951-00091238 electronic chips enable us to do that
+URshwgDw-10-00409-00091239-00091415 when we talk of computation it could be
+URshwgDw-10-00410-00091416-00091638 a microprocessor or a microcontroller or
+URshwgDw-10-00411-00091639-00091911 a dsp chip or a network processors and
+URshwgDw-10-00412-00091912-00092087 so on and so forth right all these
+URshwgDw-10-00413-00092088-00092206 essentially
+URshwgDw-10-00414-00092207-00092447 taken digital inputs and digital bits
+URshwgDw-10-00415-00092448-00092687 and manipulate this bits right do lot of
+URshwgDw-10-00416-00092688-00092926 computation on these bits
+URshwgDw-10-00417-00092927-00093103 having done that you need to store the
+URshwgDw-10-00418-00093104-00093262 results right i mean then you need
+URshwgDw-10-00419-00093263-00093423 storage elements right these storage
+URshwgDw-10-00420-00093424-00093647 elements could be a static random access
+URshwgDw-10-00421-00093648-00093862 memory or a dynamic random access memory
+URshwgDw-10-00422-00093863-00094047 flash memory and so on and so forth
+URshwgDw-10-00423-00094048-00094287 right
+URshwgDw-10-00424-00094288-00094518 so when we talk of a device the device
+URshwgDw-10-00425-00094519-00094750 essentially stores and manipulates the
+URshwgDw-10-00426-00094751-00094999 computational state variable today most
+URshwgDw-10-00427-00095000-00095167 of the time we are essentially talking
+URshwgDw-10-00428-00095168-00095550 of digital electronics right so ah
+URshwgDw-10-00429-00095551-00095767 essentially it's a binary
+URshwgDw-10-00430-00095768-00095982 digital logic that we built till today
+URshwgDw-10-00431-00095983-00096191 so you know computational variable has
+URshwgDw-10-00432-00096192-00096431 two states and we manipulate this
+URshwgDw-10-00433-00096432-00096679 computational state variable okay
+URshwgDw-10-00434-00096680-00096871 computational state variable can take
+URshwgDw-10-00435-00096872-00097071 one of several forms but today it
+URshwgDw-10-00436-00097072-00097335 essentially takes the form of voltage
+URshwgDw-10-00437-00097336-00097511 which comes about because we store
+URshwgDw-10-00438-00097512-00097718 charge on the circuit nodes that we have
+URshwgDw-10-00439-00097719-00097894 in cmos circuits right
+URshwgDw-10-00440-00097895-00097974 and
+URshwgDw-10-00441-00097975-00098094 you know this is how we build
+URshwgDw-10-00442-00098095-00098271 electronics right so any electronics
+URshwgDw-10-00443-00098272-00098438 chip that you have no matter what chip
+URshwgDw-10-00444-00098439-00098623 it is fundamentally it either does
+URshwgDw-10-00445-00098624-00099150 computation or it does storage okay
+URshwgDw-10-00446-00099151-00099287 now
+URshwgDw-10-00447-00099288-00099567 if you go and put an electronic chip
+URshwgDw-10-00448-00099568-00099718 under a microscope under an optical
+URshwgDw-10-00449-00099719-00099855 microscope
+URshwgDw-10-00450-00099856-00100111 this is what you will see okay
+URshwgDw-10-00451-00100112-00100359 you will see a regular
+URshwgDw-10-00452-00100360-00100582 patterns on an electron i mean an
+URshwgDw-10-00453-00100583-00100831 optical microscope okay as is indicated
+URshwgDw-10-00454-00100832-00101087 here if it is a chip in this example i
+URshwgDw-10-00455-00101088-00101294 have taken intel pentium chip
+URshwgDw-10-00456-00101295-00101447 you will have
+URshwgDw-10-00457-00101448-00101615 you may not know that unless you are a
+URshwgDw-10-00458-00101616-00101831 designer but the one person who has
+URshwgDw-10-00459-00101832-00102006 designed it would know that ok there is
+URshwgDw-10-00460-00102007-00102167 a data cache here
+URshwgDw-10-00461-00102168-00102318 you know there is a floating point unit
+URshwgDw-10-00462-00102319-00102486 here and so on and so forth right so
+URshwgDw-10-00463-00102488-00102663 this is what you will see
+URshwgDw-10-00464-00102664-00102871 when you look at the plan view or the
+URshwgDw-10-00465-00102872-00103015 top view
+URshwgDw-10-00466-00103016-00103182 and it does not matter which chip you
+URshwgDw-10-00467-00103183-00103358 look at you know this is another example
+URshwgDw-10-00468-00103359-00103534 of one of the chip that we had designed
+URshwgDw-10-00469-00103535-00103806 at iisc which was a neural net chip
+URshwgDw-10-00470-00103807-00104023 again you see some regular arrangement
+URshwgDw-10-00471-00104024-00104263 of some building blocks right
+URshwgDw-10-00472-00104264-00104447 and in other words integrated circuit
+URshwgDw-10-00473-00104448-00104751 chip is really silicon floor planning
+URshwgDw-10-00474-00104752-00104999 just as when you build a house you do
+URshwgDw-10-00475-00105000-00105143 floor planning right
+URshwgDw-10-00476-00105144-00105327 to begin with right
+URshwgDw-10-00477-00105328-00105551 similarly you need to decide how many
+URshwgDw-10-00478-00105552-00105695 blocks should be there on your silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00479-00105696-00105871 chip where should the blocks be placed
+URshwgDw-10-00480-00105872-00106127 and so on and so forth this is a task
+URshwgDw-10-00481-00106128-00106415 that is done by a chip designer
+URshwgDw-10-00482-00106416-00106671 as far as the subject matter of this
+URshwgDw-10-00483-00106672-00106831 course is concerned we are not going to
+URshwgDw-10-00484-00106832-00106999 talk about chip design
+URshwgDw-10-00485-00107000-00107102 okay
+URshwgDw-10-00486-00107103-00107399 instead what we will do is really to ask
+URshwgDw-10-00487-00107400-00107663 the question what is inside the chip ok
+URshwgDw-10-00488-00107664-00107775 i mean
+URshwgDw-10-00489-00107776-00107966 you got that die
+URshwgDw-10-00490-00107967-00108151 dye is essentially a piece of silicon on
+URshwgDw-10-00491-00108152-00108351 which you have made the chip right you
+URshwgDw-10-00492-00108352-00108551 have put it under optical microscope but
+URshwgDw-10-00493-00108552-00108743 if you take a cross section now you cut
+URshwgDw-10-00494-00108744-00109071 this silicon piece and take a side view
+URshwgDw-10-00495-00109072-00109334 what will you see right
+URshwgDw-10-00496-00109335-00109663 what you will see is essentially a very
+URshwgDw-10-00497-00109664-00110023 large ensemble of transistors
+URshwgDw-10-00498-00110024-00110215 which are connected appropriately right
+URshwgDw-10-00499-00110216-00110358 this is a key depending on how you
+URshwgDw-10-00500-00110359-00110607 connect them how you interconnect them
+URshwgDw-10-00501-00110608-00110823 you get a particular function right you
+URshwgDw-10-00502-00110824-00110999 may get a memory function you may get a
+URshwgDw-10-00503-00111000-00111199 microprocessor function and so on and so
+URshwgDw-10-00504-00111200-00111278 forth
+URshwgDw-10-00505-00111279-00111463 right and in order to do that you will
+URshwgDw-10-00506-00111464-00111631 also have large number of metal
+URshwgDw-10-00507-00111632-00111919 interconnection lines ok
+URshwgDw-10-00508-00111920-00112031 so when you
+URshwgDw-10-00509-00112032-00112351 do the cross section at the very top
+URshwgDw-10-00510-00112352-00112447 right
+URshwgDw-10-00511-00112448-00112695 you probably will see a multi-level
+URshwgDw-10-00512-00112696-00112895 metal interconnects today state of the
+URshwgDw-10-00513-00112896-00113134 art chip can easily have more than 10
+URshwgDw-10-00514-00113135-00113431 layers of metal lines right for example
+URshwgDw-10-00515-00113432-00113590 this is the top metal line and
+URshwgDw-10-00516-00113591-00113758 underneath there will be you know
+URshwgDw-10-00517-00113759-00113919 another metal line and so on and so
+URshwgDw-10-00518-00113920-00114047 forth and eventually you will reach
+URshwgDw-10-00519-00114048-00114231 silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00520-00114232-00114399 on silicon you have a transistor and
+URshwgDw-10-00521-00114400-00114654 this is what is your transistor right
+URshwgDw-10-00522-00114655-00114927 and today we are only talking about
+URshwgDw-10-00523-00114928-00115223 mos transistor when we talk of cmos its
+URshwgDw-10-00524-00115224-00115478 complementary metal oxide semiconductor
+URshwgDw-10-00525-00115479-00115607 transistor
+URshwgDw-10-00526-00115608-00115766 if you look at any electronics today
+URshwgDw-10-00527-00115767-00115958 more than 90 percent of the electronics
+URshwgDw-10-00528-00115959-00116215 that is built today is based on cmos
+URshwgDw-10-00529-00116216-00116543 technology a very very small fraction ok
+URshwgDw-10-00530-00116544-00116727 maybe less than 5 percent
+URshwgDw-10-00531-00116728-00116990 is by bipolar junction technology either
+URshwgDw-10-00532-00116991-00117254 on silicon or mosfets on gallium
+URshwgDw-10-00533-00117255-00117471 arsenide and so on and so forth right so
+URshwgDw-10-00534-00117472-00117671 majority of the silicon electronics that
+URshwgDw-10-00535-00117672-00117783 you see
+URshwgDw-10-00536-00117783-00118039 is cmos and hence the entire focus of
+URshwgDw-10-00537-00118040-00118351 this course is going to be on cmos okay
+URshwgDw-10-00538-00118352-00118471 and
+URshwgDw-10-00539-00118472-00118663 this is what you will see at the very
+URshwgDw-10-00540-00118664-00118863 bottom on silicon right you will have
+URshwgDw-10-00541-00118864-00118990 constructed
+URshwgDw-10-00542-00118991-00119343 a silicon mos transistor which will have
+URshwgDw-10-00543-00119344-00119551 you know a source terminal inside
+URshwgDw-10-00544-00119552-00119823 silicon a drain terminal inside silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00545-00119824-00120054 and a gate oxide we will see a blown up
+URshwgDw-10-00546-00120055-00120231 version little later and a gate
+URshwgDw-10-00547-00120232-00120390 electrode right it is essentially a
+URshwgDw-10-00548-00120391-00120599 three terminal device well strictly
+URshwgDw-10-00549-00120600-00120743 speaking its a four terminal device
+URshwgDw-10-00550-00120744-00120934 there is also a body terminal but we
+URshwgDw-10-00551-00120935-00121071 will ignore that for the time being
+URshwgDw-10-00552-00121072-00121199 right
+URshwgDw-10-00553-00121200-00121519 so today's modern chip will have close
+URshwgDw-10-00554-00121520-00121751 to billion such transistors
+URshwgDw-10-00555-00121752-00122023 on a very small silicon area silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00556-00122024-00122190 area could be one centimeter by one
+URshwgDw-10-00557-00122191-00122486 centimeter in other words you will have
+URshwgDw-10-00558-00122488-00122751 you know a square silicon die
+URshwgDw-10-00559-00122752-00123039 about one centimeter by one centimeter
+URshwgDw-10-00560-00123040-00123239 and inside this you would have put close
+URshwgDw-10-00561-00123240-00123439 to one billion
+URshwgDw-10-00562-00123440-00123575 transistors
+URshwgDw-10-00563-00123576-00123814 just amazing population density of the
+URshwgDw-10-00564-00123815-00124031 transistors right on silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00565-00124032-00124110 okay
+URshwgDw-10-00566-00124111-00124310 if you have billion transistor on such a
+URshwgDw-10-00567-00124311-00124534 tiny area they need to be interconnected
+URshwgDw-10-00568-00124535-00124663 right and that is why we need
+URshwgDw-10-00569-00124664-00124919 multi-level interconnects right
+URshwgDw-10-00570-00124920-00125110 otherwise i cannot pack them in one
+URshwgDw-10-00571-00125111-00125302 centimeter by one centimeter if i am
+URshwgDw-10-00572-00125303-00125454 given only three layers of metal
+URshwgDw-10-00573-00125455-00125599 interconnect maybe this chip will have
+URshwgDw-10-00574-00125600-00125814 to be five centimeter by five centimeter
+URshwgDw-10-00575-00125815-00125999 or whatever that is right
+URshwgDw-10-00576-00126000-00126166 so that is why over the generation of
+URshwgDw-10-00577-00126167-00126310 the silicon technology we have also
+URshwgDw-10-00578-00126311-00126414 increased the number of metal
+URshwgDw-10-00579-00126415-00126575 interconnects
+URshwgDw-10-00580-00126576-00126702 and you know this is what you see in
+URshwgDw-10-00581-00126703-00126975 fact you know if you have an artistic
+URshwgDw-10-00582-00126976-00127151 view you know in fact somebody had
+URshwgDw-10-00583-00127152-00127351 remarked that today we are building
+URshwgDw-10-00584-00127352-00127575 cities on silicon right these look like
+URshwgDw-10-00585-00127576-00127695 a flyovers
+URshwgDw-10-00586-00127696-00127966 that you see in modern cities today okay
+URshwgDw-10-00587-00127967-00128158 so this is the kind of
+URshwgDw-10-00588-00128159-00128358 things that you will see inside a
+URshwgDw-10-00589-00128359-00128583 silicon right and the entire focus of
+URshwgDw-10-00590-00128583-00128863 this course is only on transistor we
+URshwgDw-10-00591-00128864-00129023 will not even talk about interconnects
+URshwgDw-10-00592-00129024-00129207 right so that is how focused this course
+URshwgDw-10-00593-00129208-00129375 will be right the next
+URshwgDw-10-00594-00129376-00129575 45 lectures or so
+URshwgDw-10-00595-00129576-00129702 maybe we will
+URshwgDw-10-00596-00129703-00129958 you know have a brief
+URshwgDw-10-00597-00129959-00130127 reference to interconnects in one of the
+URshwgDw-10-00598-00130128-00130366 lecture but that is not going to be a
+URshwgDw-10-00599-00130367-00130654 theme right the reason simply is that
+URshwgDw-10-00600-00130655-00130919 you see in silicon chips transistor is
+URshwgDw-10-00601-00130920-00131111 the active element interconnects are
+URshwgDw-10-00602-00131112-00131319 passive elements right it is active
+URshwgDw-10-00603-00131320-00131511 element which is doing all the functions
+URshwgDw-10-00604-00131512-00131678 right it does not mean that the passive
+URshwgDw-10-00605-00131679-00131895 elements are not important but you know
+URshwgDw-10-00606-00131896-00132031 it is very important to design the
+URshwgDw-10-00607-00132032-00132254 active element right ok and that is why
+URshwgDw-10-00608-00132255-00132439 you know we will only focus on the
+URshwgDw-10-00609-00132440-00132663 transistor right
+URshwgDw-10-00610-00132664-00132959 ok
+URshwgDw-10-00611-00132960-00133119 so as i mentioned metal oxide
+URshwgDw-10-00612-00133120-00133359 semiconductor field effect transistor
+URshwgDw-10-00613-00133360-00133535 right this is what we are going to look
+URshwgDw-10-00614-00133536-00133807 at right a very simple model for a
+URshwgDw-10-00615-00133808-00134054 transistor is you know you can abstract
+URshwgDw-10-00616-00134055-00134295 it as a switch right so there is a
+URshwgDw-10-00617-00134296-00134599 control input that you have in a switch
+URshwgDw-10-00618-00134600-00134823 right and the signal will pass from
+URshwgDw-10-00619-00134824-00135063 input to the output
+URshwgDw-10-00620-00135064-00135271 if the control input has the right
+URshwgDw-10-00621-00135272-00135431 condition then the switch could be
+URshwgDw-10-00622-00135432-00135566 closed
+URshwgDw-10-00623-00135567-00135711 and then you have input signal
+URshwgDw-10-00624-00135712-00135871 propagating to the output otherwise
+URshwgDw-10-00625-00135872-00136014 switch is open you know it is a very
+URshwgDw-10-00626-00136015-00136231 very abstraction okay
+URshwgDw-10-00627-00136232-00136495 when we talk of doing circuit we come up
+URshwgDw-10-00628-00136496-00136639 with what is called a schematic
+URshwgDw-10-00629-00136640-00136831 abstraction of a transistor right so
+URshwgDw-10-00630-00136832-00136990 this is how you will represent a
+URshwgDw-10-00631-00136991-00137207 schematic of a n channel m o s
+URshwgDw-10-00632-00137208-00137319 transistor
+URshwgDw-10-00633-00137320-00137478 it will have a gate terminal it will
+URshwgDw-10-00634-00137479-00137654 have a drain terminal which will drain
+URshwgDw-10-00635-00137655-00137839 the carriers it will have a source
+URshwgDw-10-00636-00137840-00138014 terminal which will source the carriers
+URshwgDw-10-00637-00138015-00138190 right the carriers could be electrons
+URshwgDw-10-00638-00138191-00138327 and holes and accordingly we will have
+URshwgDw-10-00639-00138328-00138543 two flavors of transistors we will see
+URshwgDw-10-00640-00138544-00138702 in a minute
+URshwgDw-10-00641-00138703-00138927 look at the top view as i mentioned
+URshwgDw-10-00642-00138928-00139102 already this is what you see you know
+URshwgDw-10-00643-00139103-00139359 some regular arrangement of rectangles
+URshwgDw-10-00644-00139360-00139566 or you know some
+URshwgDw-10-00645-00139567-00139790 structures right this is what you see
+URshwgDw-10-00646-00139791-00139935 but what we are really interested is
+URshwgDw-10-00647-00139936-00140183 cross section
+URshwgDw-10-00648-00140184-00140359 so as i mentioned you will have n
+URshwgDw-10-00649-00140360-00140566 channel transistor or n mosfets and p
+URshwgDw-10-00650-00140567-00140759 channel transistor and if you build
+URshwgDw-10-00651-00140760-00140966 chips combining n and p channel
+URshwgDw-10-00652-00140967-00141183 transistor and that is your
+URshwgDw-10-00653-00141184-00141390 complementary metal oxide semiconductor
+URshwgDw-10-00654-00141391-00141527 technology right
+URshwgDw-10-00655-00141528-00141743 and you know your n channel transistor
+URshwgDw-10-00656-00141744-00141966 will be built in a p well
+URshwgDw-10-00657-00141967-00142143 which will have n plus drain n plus
+URshwgDw-10-00658-00142144-00142366 source and a gate insulator which is
+URshwgDw-10-00659-00142367-00142590 what we call oxide and a gate terminal
+URshwgDw-10-00660-00142591-00142814 and similarly you have a complement of
+URshwgDw-10-00661-00142815-00142943 this and that is why the name
+URshwgDw-10-00662-00142944-00143175 complementary metal oxide semiconductor
+URshwgDw-10-00663-00143176-00143359 wherever you have you have p n you have
+URshwgDw-10-00664-00143360-00143671 replaced that with p you have p plus
+URshwgDw-10-00665-00143672-00143831 in fact these will typically be
+URshwgDw-10-00666-00143832-00144007 represented as n plus
+URshwgDw-10-00667-00144008-00144190 and plus which means they are very
+URshwgDw-10-00668-00144191-00144383 heavily doped n region
+URshwgDw-10-00669-00144384-00144639 ok n plus does not mean that you know n
+URshwgDw-10-00670-00144640-00144814 is of course electrons are majority
+URshwgDw-10-00671-00144815-00145014 carriers electrons do not have positive
+URshwgDw-10-00672-00145015-00145190 charge right electrons have negative
+URshwgDw-10-00673-00145191-00145414 charge plus here indicates the doping
+URshwgDw-10-00674-00145415-00145726 concentration okay very heavily doped n
+URshwgDw-10-00675-00145727-00145983 plus ah regions out here and here you
+URshwgDw-10-00676-00145984-00146190 have very heavily dot p regions right ah
+URshwgDw-10-00677-00146191-00146423 source and drain regions and insulator
+URshwgDw-10-00678-00146424-00146671 is same n well they are built on n well
+URshwgDw-10-00679-00146672-00146863 and a gate insulator
+URshwgDw-10-00680-00146864-00146983 and
+URshwgDw-10-00681-00146984-00147175 you know they have complementary
+URshwgDw-10-00682-00147176-00147359 characteristics right
+URshwgDw-10-00683-00147360-00147519 with respect to the voltage that you
+URshwgDw-10-00684-00147520-00147687 apply to the gate this is what we call
+URshwgDw-10-00685-00147688-00147895 gate voltage right
+URshwgDw-10-00686-00147896-00148063 vg
+URshwgDw-10-00687-00148064-00148319 you will have the transistor conducting
+URshwgDw-10-00688-00148320-00148511 very very little current ideally zero
+URshwgDw-10-00689-00148512-00148726 current when it is off but it is never
+URshwgDw-10-00690-00148727-00149054 the case as becomes as it becomes clear
+URshwgDw-10-00691-00149055-00149302 later on in the course it will have very
+URshwgDw-10-00692-00149303-00149575 small non zero current and if you pr
+URshwgDw-10-00693-00149576-00149799 apply the appropriate voltage you know n
+URshwgDw-10-00694-00149800-00150039 channel transistor will turn on right so
+URshwgDw-10-00695-00150040-00150199 this is off state for n channel
+URshwgDw-10-00696-00150200-00150399 transistor and this is on state for an n
+URshwgDw-10-00697-00150400-00150631 channel transistor the p is exactly
+URshwgDw-10-00698-00150632-00150871 complement of this right when n is off p
+URshwgDw-10-00699-00150872-00151054 will be on and that is why it is
+URshwgDw-10-00700-00151055-00151254 conducting large current out there and
+URshwgDw-10-00701-00151255-00151526 when n is on p will be off correct
+URshwgDw-10-00702-00151527-00151775 so this is how we build ah you know
+URshwgDw-10-00703-00151776-00151966 circuits based on the
+URshwgDw-10-00704-00151967-00152287 transistors right
+URshwgDw-10-00705-00152288-00152495 so in other words if you look at the
+URshwgDw-10-00706-00152496-00152799 integrated circuit hierarchy right we
+URshwgDw-10-00707-00152800-00153014 can classify broadly that there is a
+URshwgDw-10-00708-00153015-00153271 technology domain which enables the
+URshwgDw-10-00709-00153272-00153414 construction
+URshwgDw-10-00710-00153415-00153719 of the building blocks of chips
+URshwgDw-10-00711-00153720-00153926 transistors and interconnects that is
+URshwgDw-10-00712-00153927-00154063 where you need to have very good
+URshwgDw-10-00713-00154064-00154247 knowledge of device physics only if you
+URshwgDw-10-00714-00154248-00154511 know device physics you can come up with
+URshwgDw-10-00715-00154512-00154823 very innovative designs of transistors
+URshwgDw-10-00716-00154824-00155014 and having
+URshwgDw-10-00717-00155015-00155199 gotten that design you need to build
+URshwgDw-10-00718-00155200-00155399 that that is where you need appropriate
+URshwgDw-10-00719-00155400-00155599 process technology you need to use
+URshwgDw-10-00720-00155600-00155807 appropriate materials and sequence of
+URshwgDw-10-00721-00155808-00156063 processes to build that transistor this
+URshwgDw-10-00722-00156064-00156319 is what we call a technology domain if
+URshwgDw-10-00723-00156320-00156535 you look at any foundries silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00724-00156536-00156687 foundries that is not mechanical
+URshwgDw-10-00725-00156688-00156799 foundries
+URshwgDw-10-00726-00156800-00157111 they essentially do this they do silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00727-00157112-00157311 chip fabrication they focus on device
+URshwgDw-10-00728-00157312-00157590 physics and process technology okay
+URshwgDw-10-00729-00157591-00157775 whereas when we talk of application
+URshwgDw-10-00730-00157776-00157999 domain this is where the designer system
+URshwgDw-10-00731-00158000-00158190 designers and chip designers are working
+URshwgDw-10-00732-00158191-00158407 on they talk about what kind of system
+URshwgDw-10-00733-00158408-00158551 architecture they want to build for
+URshwgDw-10-00734-00158552-00158783 example if it is a microprocessor
+URshwgDw-10-00735-00158784-00158935 you know you know what kind of
+URshwgDw-10-00736-00158936-00159111 architecture you know should it be cisc
+URshwgDw-10-00737-00159112-00159359 architecture or a risk architecture
+URshwgDw-10-00738-00159360-00159487 things like that if you are building an
+URshwgDw-10-00739-00159488-00159687 adc what kind of an adc analog to
+URshwgDw-10-00740-00159688-00159911 digital converter that you want to build
+URshwgDw-10-00741-00159912-00160102 successive approximation
+URshwgDw-10-00742-00160103-00160383 or flash a to d converter so this kind
+URshwgDw-10-00743-00160384-00160623 of system architecting happens here and
+URshwgDw-10-00744-00160624-00160790 once you do the system architecting you
+URshwgDw-10-00745-00160791-00161031 do the circuit design right at the
+URshwgDw-10-00746-00161032-00161190 fundamental building block which is
+URshwgDw-10-00747-00161191-00161390 transistor you need to architect the
+URshwgDw-10-00748-00161391-00161559 circuit design the circuit and do the
+URshwgDw-10-00749-00161560-00161814 layout only when you do the layout
+URshwgDw-10-00750-00161815-00162039 you complete your design then pass the
+URshwgDw-10-00751-00162040-00162359 design on to the foundry
+URshwgDw-10-00752-00162360-00162614 then the foundry can take the design run
+URshwgDw-10-00753-00162615-00162823 it through all the processors and build
+URshwgDw-10-00754-00162824-00162975 your chip right
+URshwgDw-10-00755-00162976-00163214 so this is really an extremely
+URshwgDw-10-00756-00163215-00163478 interdisciplinary area you see you need
+URshwgDw-10-00757-00163479-00163726 lot of understanding of
+URshwgDw-10-00758-00163727-00164038 materials chemistry out here good
+URshwgDw-10-00759-00164039-00164223 understanding of physics good
+URshwgDw-10-00760-00164224-00164447 understanding of circuits computer
+URshwgDw-10-00761-00164448-00164614 science or whatever that application
+URshwgDw-10-00762-00164615-00164926 domain is and of course mathematics to
+URshwgDw-10-00763-00164927-00165214 develop models computated design is key
+URshwgDw-10-00764-00165215-00165295 here
+URshwgDw-10-00765-00165296-00165478 right we do lot of cad both in the
+URshwgDw-10-00766-00165479-00165711 technology domain as well as the
+URshwgDw-10-00767-00165712-00165863 you know circuit
+URshwgDw-10-00768-00165864-00166087 domain right so
+URshwgDw-10-00769-00166088-00166278 today as i mentioned our process
+URshwgDw-10-00770-00166279-00166519 technology is based on silicon
+URshwgDw-10-00771-00166520-00166807 our devices are cmos complementary metal
+URshwgDw-10-00772-00166808-00166902 oxide
+URshwgDw-10-00773-00166903-00167071 semiconductor
+URshwgDw-10-00774-00167072-00167295 and our computational variable as i said
+URshwgDw-10-00775-00167296-00167495 charge and hence we are not going to
+URshwgDw-10-00776-00167496-00167775 talk anything about for example using
+URshwgDw-10-00777-00167776-00168095 spin as a logic variable right so called
+URshwgDw-10-00778-00168096-00168359 the area of spintronics right that is
+URshwgDw-10-00779-00168360-00168543 not at all going to be discussed in this
+URshwgDw-10-00780-00168544-00168678 course right
+URshwgDw-10-00781-00168679-00168751 and
+URshwgDw-10-00782-00168752-00168911 of course we build
+URshwgDw-10-00783-00168912-00169166 circuits today based on boolean logic
+URshwgDw-10-00784-00169167-00169438 digital architecture this is where
+URshwgDw-10-00785-00169439-00169623 the point i mentioned earlier that bio
+URshwgDw-10-00786-00169624-00169751 inspired circuit could be quite
+URshwgDw-10-00787-00169752-00169895 different from you know digital
+URshwgDw-10-00788-00169896-00170126 architecture and boolean logic right ah
+URshwgDw-10-00789-00170127-00170343 but again we will not really discuss
+URshwgDw-10-00790-00170344-00170583 too much about that we need to really do
+URshwgDw-10-00791-00170584-00170887 optimization across all these domains
+URshwgDw-10-00792-00170888-00171166 only then we can get a very high
+URshwgDw-10-00793-00171167-00171335 performance integrated circuit right
+URshwgDw-10-00794-00171336-00171599 that is the key otherwise we will not be
+URshwgDw-10-00795-00171600-00171687 able to
+URshwgDw-10-00796-00171688-00172135 do that
+URshwgDw-10-00797-00172136-00172335 any discussion on
+URshwgDw-10-00798-00172336-00172438 you know
+URshwgDw-10-00799-00172439-00172631 scaling and nano electronics is
+URshwgDw-10-00800-00172632-00172854 incomplete in my opinion without
+URshwgDw-10-00801-00172855-00173102 reference to moore's law ok you might
+URshwgDw-10-00802-00173103-00173254 have heard about this moore's law but
+URshwgDw-10-00803-00173255-00173487 let me just walk you through that
+URshwgDw-10-00804-00173488-00173743 gordon moore ah published the paper way
+URshwgDw-10-00805-00173744-00174119 back in 1975 1965 i am sorry this was
+URshwgDw-10-00806-00174120-00174319 also published in a trade journal called
+URshwgDw-10-00807-00174320-00174511 electronics okay
+URshwgDw-10-00808-00174512-00174743 the paper was titled cramming more
+URshwgDw-10-00809-00174744-00174943 components onto integrated circuit that
+URshwgDw-10-00810-00174944-00175247 was the title of the paper
+URshwgDw-10-00811-00175248-00175431 its a very interesting paper easy to
+URshwgDw-10-00812-00175432-00175614 read you know you just google it you
+URshwgDw-10-00813-00175615-00175799 will certainly get this paper on the
+URshwgDw-10-00814-00175800-00176054 internet right
+URshwgDw-10-00815-00176055-00176214 what he did there lot of things that he
+URshwgDw-10-00816-00176215-00176366 discusses but there is one very
+URshwgDw-10-00817-00176367-00176559 interesting thing that he did right he
+URshwgDw-10-00818-00176560-00176854 constructed a graph
+URshwgDw-10-00819-00176855-00177087 right which is shown out here
+URshwgDw-10-00820-00177088-00177295 what he did in this graph
+URshwgDw-10-00821-00177296-00177502 on x axis he put
+URshwgDw-10-00822-00177503-00177966 the ear time line is on x axis on y axis
+URshwgDw-10-00823-00177967-00178271 he put the number of components per
+URshwgDw-10-00824-00178272-00178607 integrated ah function okay
+URshwgDw-10-00825-00178608-00178951 essentially what it mean means is that
+URshwgDw-10-00826-00178952-00179159 by the way this graph first of all is
+URshwgDw-10-00827-00179160-00179390 plotted on a semi log sheet okay so this
+URshwgDw-10-00828-00179391-00179678 is log scale here y axis is a log scale
+URshwgDw-10-00829-00179679-00179790 okay
+URshwgDw-10-00830-00179791-00180063 and x axis is a linear scale
+URshwgDw-10-00831-00180064-00180311 all he did was he took integrated
+URshwgDw-10-00832-00180312-00180535 circuit chip introduced in any given
+URshwgDw-10-00833-00180536-00180663 year
+URshwgDw-10-00834-00180664-00180895 and counted how many transistors were
+URshwgDw-10-00835-00180896-00181166 integrated on that chip on that given
+URshwgDw-10-00836-00181167-00181254 year
+URshwgDw-10-00837-00181255-00181351 right
+URshwgDw-10-00838-00181352-00181559 so number of transistor is plotted on y
+URshwgDw-10-00839-00181560-00181951 axis okay and here is on the x axis
+URshwgDw-10-00840-00181952-00182119 and he didn't have too many data points
+URshwgDw-10-00841-00182120-00182302 you see the first integrated circuit was
+URshwgDw-10-00842-00182303-00182566 invented way back in 1958 if you may
+URshwgDw-10-00843-00182567-00182663 recall
+URshwgDw-10-00844-00182664-00182911 the first ico was invented by jack kilby
+URshwgDw-10-00845-00182912-00183207 at texas instruments that was in 1958
+URshwgDw-10-00846-00183208-00183447 right the first semiconductor transistor
+URshwgDw-10-00847-00183448-00183814 itself was way back in 1947 right which
+URshwgDw-10-00848-00183815-00184031 was a bipolar junction transistor not a
+URshwgDw-10-00849-00184032-00184223 mos transistor although in this course
+URshwgDw-10-00850-00184224-00184399 we only talk about mos transistor that
+URshwgDw-10-00851-00184400-00184535 is an irony right the first
+URshwgDw-10-00852-00184536-00184775 semiconductor transistor was indeed
+URshwgDw-10-00853-00184776-00184999 bipolar junction transistor although you
+URshwgDw-10-00854-00185000-00185207 know the scientists at bell labs were
+URshwgDw-10-00855-00185208-00185399 really trying to make a mos transistor
+URshwgDw-10-00856-00185400-00185566 but making an mos transistor was so
+URshwgDw-10-00857-00185567-00185783 difficult they ended up doing a bipolar
+URshwgDw-10-00858-00185784-00185999 junction transistor right
+URshwgDw-10-00859-00186000-00186135 but that apart
+URshwgDw-10-00860-00186136-00186423 the data points are only from 1958 till
+URshwgDw-10-00861-00186424-00186687 the year 1965 when he wrote this
+URshwgDw-10-00862-00186688-00186902 particular paper right
+URshwgDw-10-00863-00186903-00187111 so you know he has about five data
+URshwgDw-10-00864-00187112-00187350 points here he notice that it fits a
+URshwgDw-10-00865-00187351-00187543 straight line right in other words
+URshwgDw-10-00866-00187544-00187695 because it is a semi log sheet it
+URshwgDw-10-00867-00187696-00187935 indicated that the number of transistors
+URshwgDw-10-00868-00187936-00188111 that were put on the chips were
+URshwgDw-10-00869-00188112-00188399 increasing exponentially
+URshwgDw-10-00870-00188400-00188599 over the time
+URshwgDw-10-00871-00188600-00188790 in particular at least during that
+URshwgDw-10-00872-00188791-00189023 period the number of components or
+URshwgDw-10-00873-00189024-00189366 transistor was doubling every year
+URshwgDw-10-00874-00189367-00189511 okay
+URshwgDw-10-00875-00189512-00189838 but the lot of credit is given to more
+URshwgDw-10-00876-00189839-00190023 because of this
+URshwgDw-10-00877-00190024-00190278 dotted line that he has in this paper
+URshwgDw-10-00878-00190279-00190399 you see
+URshwgDw-10-00879-00190400-00190519 ah
+URshwgDw-10-00880-00190520-00190663 you know
+URshwgDw-10-00881-00190664-00190799 this is not
+URshwgDw-10-00882-00190800-00191007 based on any data point you see this was
+URshwgDw-10-00883-00191008-00191278 written in 1965 obviously no chip was
+URshwgDw-10-00884-00191279-00191526 done in subsequent years at that time
+URshwgDw-10-00885-00191527-00191735 the point he made here was that this
+URshwgDw-10-00886-00191736-00191911 will continue to happen in the years to
+URshwgDw-10-00887-00191912-00192047 come
+URshwgDw-10-00888-00192048-00192278 that was a very very bold prediction
+URshwgDw-10-00889-00192279-00192487 okay
+URshwgDw-10-00890-00192488-00192719 at least what he said was that he
+URshwgDw-10-00891-00192720-00192919 doesn't see any
+URshwgDw-10-00892-00192920-00193166 fundamental
+URshwgDw-10-00893-00193167-00193495 impediments from science okay its only
+URshwgDw-10-00894-00193496-00193735 the limitations of technology if any we
+URshwgDw-10-00895-00193736-00193911 are not able to construct that but
+URshwgDw-10-00896-00193912-00194135 otherwise we should be able to increase
+URshwgDw-10-00897-00194136-00194326 the number of transistors exponentially
+URshwgDw-10-00898-00194327-00194550 over the years right
+URshwgDw-10-00899-00194551-00194647 and
+URshwgDw-10-00900-00194648-00194911 indeed subsequently there was a paper
+URshwgDw-10-00901-00194912-00195343 published in ieee spectrum in 1970 right
+URshwgDw-10-00902-00195344-00195543 ah again it is a very interesting paper
+URshwgDw-10-00903-00195544-00195750 you can go back and read that and what
+URshwgDw-10-00904-00195751-00195926 is done here is that now there are a few
+URshwgDw-10-00905-00195927-00196159 more data points on x axis because this
+URshwgDw-10-00906-00196160-00196271 was
+URshwgDw-10-00907-00196272-00196447 you know published
+URshwgDw-10-00908-00196448-00196702 subsequently right and what you see is
+URshwgDw-10-00909-00196703-00196895 that these are the original data points
+URshwgDw-10-00910-00196896-00197063 which were published in the moore's
+URshwgDw-10-00911-00197064-00197302 paper and you see that all subsequent
+URshwgDw-10-00912-00197303-00197502 data points are also on the same line
+URshwgDw-10-00913-00197503-00197863 right it has continued to happen
+URshwgDw-10-00914-00197864-00197975 in fact
+URshwgDw-10-00915-00197976-00198166 moore wrote in his handwriting out here
+URshwgDw-10-00916-00198167-00198471 on you know sometime in 1996
+URshwgDw-10-00917-00198472-00198838 you know very interesting he says the
+URshwgDw-10-00918-00198839-00199031 the definition of moore's law has come
+URshwgDw-10-00919-00199032-00199247 to refer to almost anything related to
+URshwgDw-10-00920-00199248-00199478 the semiconductor industry make a note
+URshwgDw-10-00921-00199479-00199663 of that almost anything related to
+URshwgDw-10-00922-00199664-00199959 semiconductor industry right
+URshwgDw-10-00923-00199960-00200238 that when plotted in a semi log paper is
+URshwgDw-10-00924-00200239-00200519 a straight line right
+URshwgDw-10-00925-00200520-00200750 right so you see moore's law is not a
+URshwgDw-10-00926-00200751-00200966 fundamental science law it is not a law
+URshwgDw-10-00927-00200967-00201175 in physics for example you know it is it
+URshwgDw-10-00928-00201176-00201326 is a very very
+URshwgDw-10-00929-00201327-00201590 bold prediction that was made by moore
+URshwgDw-10-00930-00201591-00201726 you take
+URshwgDw-10-00931-00201727-00201911 feature size or the dimension of the
+URshwgDw-10-00932-00201912-00202054 transistor
+URshwgDw-10-00933-00202055-00202278 plot it as a function of year
+URshwgDw-10-00934-00202279-00202390 meaning
+URshwgDw-10-00935-00202391-00202575 this is here
+URshwgDw-10-00936-00202576-00202895 and this is the transistor size let us
+URshwgDw-10-00937-00202896-00203095 say length of the transistor
+URshwgDw-10-00938-00203096-00203311 if this is log scale
+URshwgDw-10-00939-00203312-00203575 we see that over the years
+URshwgDw-10-00940-00203576-00203719 the length of the transistor has
+URshwgDw-10-00941-00203720-00204031 decreased exponentially
+URshwgDw-10-00942-00204032-00204111 any
+URshwgDw-10-00943-00204112-00204326 anything that in semiconductor industry
+URshwgDw-10-00944-00204327-00204502 you know goes according to this law
+URshwgDw-10-00945-00204503-00204759 right but you see the key here is really
+URshwgDw-10-00946-00204760-00204855 this
+URshwgDw-10-00947-00204856-00205079 because we are able to miniaturize the
+URshwgDw-10-00948-00205080-00205262 transistors because we are able to
+URshwgDw-10-00949-00205263-00205486 miniaturize this this will happen if we
+URshwgDw-10-00950-00205487-00205638 had not done this
+URshwgDw-10-00951-00205639-00205823 there is no way we can cram more
+URshwgDw-10-00952-00205823-00205982 components on to integrated circuit
+URshwgDw-10-00953-00205983-00206246 right this key here the message here is
+URshwgDw-10-00954-00206248-00206382 scaling
+URshwgDw-10-00955-00206383-00206606 we need to scale technology in fact we
+URshwgDw-10-00956-00206607-00206775 will have more discussion
+URshwgDw-10-00957-00206776-00206975 in one of the future lecture why do we
+URshwgDw-10-00958-00206976-00207142 need to scale in the first place apart
+URshwgDw-10-00959-00207144-00207382 from putting more transistor in a given
+URshwgDw-10-00960-00207383-00207606 real estate of silicon there are various
+URshwgDw-10-00961-00207607-00207798 other advantages of scaling as well we
+URshwgDw-10-00962-00207800-00208071 will discuss a lot more of that in one
+URshwgDw-10-00963-00208071-00208262 of the future lectures
+URshwgDw-10-00964-00208263-00208358 ok
+URshwgDw-10-00965-00208359-00208519 of course mohr not only did this
+URshwgDw-10-00966-00208519-00208775 prediction but he also proved his vision
+URshwgDw-10-00967-00208776-00209023 uni you see more co-founded intel one of
+URshwgDw-10-00968-00209023-00209255 the technological genes in electronics
+URshwgDw-10-00969-00209256-00209351 right
+URshwgDw-10-00970-00209352-00209631 gordon moore and robert noyes co-founded
+URshwgDw-10-00971-00209632-00209910 intel way back and of course you know
+URshwgDw-10-00972-00209911-00210127 because microprocessor happened
+URshwgDw-10-00973-00210128-00210279 then of course you know there was an
+URshwgDw-10-00974-00210280-00210471 explosive growth of electronics right
+URshwgDw-10-00975-00210471-00210687 before that we had only memories memory
+URshwgDw-10-00976-00210688-00210887 chips were there of course right but
+URshwgDw-10-00977-00210888-00211071 memory chips were only for storage the
+URshwgDw-10-00978-00211071-00211351 real intelligence comes
+URshwgDw-10-00979-00211352-00211534 that is information processing comes
+URshwgDw-10-00980-00211535-00211767 because of microprocessor or any of
+URshwgDw-10-00981-00211767-00212023 these logic chips okay
+URshwgDw-10-00982-00212023-00212246 and very interesting point i always tell
+URshwgDw-10-00983-00212248-00212431 my students is that
+URshwgDw-10-00984-00212432-00212567 you know gordon moore actually had a
+URshwgDw-10-00985-00212567-00212798 degree in chemistry ok
+URshwgDw-10-00986-00212800-00212998 although he went on to lead
+URshwgDw-10-00987-00213000-00213158 technological joint in electronics
+URshwgDw-10-00988-00213159-00213327 industry right so there is really no
+URshwgDw-10-00989-00213328-00213551 barriers in science and technology right
+URshwgDw-10-00990-00213552-00213694 if you have
+URshwgDw-10-00991-00213696-00213894 you know
+URshwgDw-10-00992-00213896-00214046 real
+URshwgDw-10-00993-00214048-00214246 liking for any field you can you know
+URshwgDw-10-00994-00214248-00214446 pick up that at any point in time of
+URshwgDw-10-00995-00214448-00214671 course you need to have perseverance and
+URshwgDw-10-00996-00214671-00214903 interest and you should really want it
+URshwgDw-10-00997-00214904-00215271 right only then you will get it okay
+URshwgDw-10-00998-00215271-00215398 okay
+URshwgDw-10-00999-00215400-00215687 so this is just the same data
+URshwgDw-10-01000-00215688-00215958 just to sort of ah
+URshwgDw-10-01001-00215959-00216231 highlight this in from
+URshwgDw-10-01002-00216232-00216351 what is called
+URshwgDw-10-01003-00216352-00216527 international technology roadmap for
+URshwgDw-10-01004-00216528-00216855 semiconductors
+URshwgDw-10-01005-00216856-00217063 this is
+URshwgDw-10-01006-00217064-00217319 an authoritative body itrs as is
+URshwgDw-10-01007-00217319-00217534 indicated here again you know you can
+URshwgDw-10-01008-00217535-00217839 google a itrs you get lot of information
+URshwgDw-10-01009-00217840-00217958 right
+URshwgDw-10-01010-00217959-00218215 at least i would recommend
+URshwgDw-10-01011-00218216-00218334 everybody who is interested in
+URshwgDw-10-01012-00218335-00218542 nanoelectronics to really
+URshwgDw-10-01013-00218544-00218831 take a look at itrs website it has lot
+URshwgDw-10-01014-00218832-00219023 of interesting technical information out
+URshwgDw-10-01015-00219023-00219334 there what itrs does is to look at the
+URshwgDw-10-01016-00219335-00219455 history
+URshwgDw-10-01017-00219456-00219719 and make prediction for future
+URshwgDw-10-01018-00219719-00220127 make prediction for future based on
+URshwgDw-10-01019-00220128-00220375 not only historical trends but also
+URshwgDw-10-01020-00220376-00220575 based on a fairly good understanding of
+URshwgDw-10-01021-00220576-00220823 current capabilities and
+URshwgDw-10-01022-00220823-00221015 where is science heading in future right
+URshwgDw-10-01023-00221016-00221182 its not like kite flying future
+URshwgDw-10-01024-00221183-00221367 prediction right right the future
+URshwgDw-10-01025-00221367-00221527 prediction are done
+URshwgDw-10-01026-00221528-00221703 very consistently
+URshwgDw-10-01027-00221704-00222015 but more importantly itrs revises its
+URshwgDw-10-01028-00222016-00222287 technology roadmap every year right
+URshwgDw-10-01029-00222288-00222503 you go to itrs website and you can take
+URshwgDw-10-01030-00222504-00222679 a look at all the previous
+URshwgDw-10-01031-00222680-00222894 technology road maps right
+URshwgDw-10-01032-00222896-00223198 only by having that yearly revision and
+URshwgDw-10-01033-00223200-00223351 upgrade you know
+URshwgDw-10-01034-00223352-00223527 you can have these road maps correct
+URshwgDw-10-01035-00223528-00223798 right but what is plotted here again on
+URshwgDw-10-01036-00223800-00224239 x axis is year of production okay
+URshwgDw-10-01037-00224240-00224463 going from nineteen ninety five
+URshwgDw-10-01038-00224464-00224615 the prediction is of course all the way
+URshwgDw-10-01039-00224616-00224871 to twenty twenty ok today we are
+URshwgDw-10-01040-00224871-00225182 somewhere around twenty twelve
+URshwgDw-10-01041-00225183-00225431 what is plotted on y axis are multiple
+URshwgDw-10-01042-00225432-00225598 things okay
+URshwgDw-10-01043-00225600-00225855 product functions per chip is what it
+URshwgDw-10-01044-00225856-00226063 broadly indicates
+URshwgDw-10-01045-00226064-00226327 but what is plotted is flash memory
+URshwgDw-10-01046-00226328-00226519 number of bits that you can make on a
+URshwgDw-10-01047-00226519-00226694 chip
+URshwgDw-10-01048-00226696-00226823 and
+URshwgDw-10-01049-00226823-00226998 if it is a single level cell in flash
+URshwgDw-10-01050-00227000-00227142 memory you can also build what is called
+URshwgDw-10-01051-00227144-00227358 a multi level cell if it is a multi
+URshwgDw-10-01052-00227359-00227527 level cell chip how many bits can you
+URshwgDw-10-01053-00227528-00227646 put in a chip
+URshwgDw-10-01054-00227648-00227887 if it is a microprocessor unit
+URshwgDw-10-01055-00227888-00228158 right then how many transistors that you
+URshwgDw-10-01056-00228159-00228367 can put on a chip
+URshwgDw-10-01057-00228367-00228591 ok and again there are different kinds
+URshwgDw-10-01058-00228592-00228727 of microprocessor called high
+URshwgDw-10-01059-00228728-00228903 performance microprocessor low power
+URshwgDw-10-01060-00228904-00229134 microprocessor different flavors ok this
+URshwgDw-10-01061-00229135-00229287 is also a different flavor of a
+URshwgDw-10-01062-00229288-00229446 microprocessor
+URshwgDw-10-01063-00229448-00229679 if it is a dram how many bits can you
+URshwgDw-10-01064-00229680-00230087 put can i make 16 gb d ram 32 gb d ram
+URshwgDw-10-01065-00230088-00230439 and so on and so forth so this line
+URshwgDw-10-01066-00230440-00230671 right essentially says that all these
+URshwgDw-10-01067-00230671-00230879 products their capabilities are
+URshwgDw-10-01068-00230880-00231103 increasing exponentially over the years
+URshwgDw-10-01069-00231104-00231263 ok and this is happening because of
+URshwgDw-10-01070-00231264-00231487 miniaturization right that is the key
+URshwgDw-10-01071-00231488-00231671 otherwise you know we would not be able
+URshwgDw-10-01072-00231671-00231982 to do this
+URshwgDw-10-01073-00231983-00232246 yes this is the point right
+URshwgDw-10-01074-00232248-00232358 now
+URshwgDw-10-01075-00232359-00232679 the previous comes about because of this
+URshwgDw-10-01076-00232680-00233046 again on the x axis i have the years
+URshwgDw-10-01077-00233048-00233279 and on the y axis
+URshwgDw-10-01078-00233280-00233575 you know what we call as a feature size
+URshwgDw-10-01079-00233576-00233719 ok there are multiple things that are
+URshwgDw-10-01080-00233719-00233910 plotted here
+URshwgDw-10-01081-00233911-00234142 called product half pitch gate length
+URshwgDw-10-01082-00234144-00234294 and so on and so forth again for
+URshwgDw-10-01083-00234296-00234519 multiple products for dram for
+URshwgDw-10-01084-00234519-00234791 microprocessor for flash and so on and
+URshwgDw-10-01085-00234792-00235103 so forth all of them have the same trend
+URshwgDw-10-01086-00235104-00235406 the feature size is decreasing over the
+URshwgDw-10-01087-00235407-00235639 calendar year
+URshwgDw-10-01088-00235640-00235894 of course the the graph that you have at
+URshwgDw-10-01089-00235896-00236142 the at the very bottom is essentially
+URshwgDw-10-01090-00236144-00236358 the gate length you see this is the gate
+URshwgDw-10-01091-00236359-00236534 length
+URshwgDw-10-01092-00236535-00236742 the gate length of the transistor that
+URshwgDw-10-01093-00236744-00236927 is the lowest dimension using this you
+URshwgDw-10-01094-00236928-00237167 build other constructs right pitch will
+URshwgDw-10-01095-00237167-00237319 be half pitch will be little more than
+URshwgDw-10-01096-00237319-00237479 the gate length and so on and so forth
+URshwgDw-10-01097-00237480-00237815 ok we will talk more about that later
+URshwgDw-10-01098-00237816-00238079 now this point here is an important
+URshwgDw-10-01099-00238080-00238351 point i want you to look at and in fact
+URshwgDw-10-01100-00238352-00238631 that is where it says nano technology
+URshwgDw-10-01101-00238632-00238871 era begins in electronics when did it
+URshwgDw-10-01102-00238871-00238958 begin
+URshwgDw-10-01103-00238959-00239367 it began in 1999 not today ok it began
+URshwgDw-10-01104-00239367-00239446 in
+URshwgDw-10-01105-00239448-00239727 1999 which is almost 13 years ago today
+URshwgDw-10-01106-00239728-00240015 we are talking of 2012 right although
+URshwgDw-10-01107-00240016-00240231 you know there was not much fanfare
+URshwgDw-10-01108-00240232-00240430 right because electronics for
+URshwgDw-10-01109-00240431-00240567 electronics
+URshwgDw-10-01110-00240567-00240798 it was just an evolution you know you
+URshwgDw-10-01111-00240800-00240982 are doing little more than 100 nanometer
+URshwgDw-10-01112-00240983-00241175 you cross that 100 nanometer barrier
+URshwgDw-10-01113-00241176-00241358 right so what is the big deal kind of
+URshwgDw-10-01114-00241359-00241639 right so there was not much
+URshwgDw-10-01115-00241640-00241863 fanfare about saying oh we have a
+URshwgDw-10-01116-00241864-00242158 technology product right but the fact
+URshwgDw-10-01117-00242159-00242351 that now we have so much hype on
+URshwgDw-10-01118-00242352-00242606 technology it is not just hype you see
+URshwgDw-10-01119-00242607-00242751 we have been using nanotechnology
+URshwgDw-10-01120-00242752-00242991 product at least electronics
+URshwgDw-10-01121-00242992-00243271 in nanomix the building
+URshwgDw-10-01122-00243271-00243598 nanometer have been used in chips
+URshwgDw-10-01123-00243600-00243694 since
+URshwgDw-10-01124-00243696-00243782 nine
+URshwgDw-10-01125-00243783-00243879 ok
+URshwgDw-10-01126-00243880-00244103 and of course we are continuing to scale
+URshwgDw-10-01127-00244104-00244271 this and very soon of course we will
+URshwgDw-10-01128-00244271-00244606 also cross the ten nanometer barrier ok
+URshwgDw-10-01129-00244607-00244758 that is how small we will be building
+URshwgDw-10-01130-00244759-00245198 the transistor
+URshwgDw-10-01131-00245200-00245430 okay so in other words
+URshwgDw-10-01132-00245431-00245591 what have we done
+URshwgDw-10-01133-00245592-00245894 we have taken a mos transistor which is
+URshwgDw-10-01134-00245896-00246119 the building block remember that
+URshwgDw-10-01135-00246119-00246415 source drain a well or a substrate a
+URshwgDw-10-01136-00246416-00246782 gate insulator and a gate electrode ok
+URshwgDw-10-01137-00246783-00246975 and made it smaller and smaller and
+URshwgDw-10-01138-00246976-00247334 smaller over the years
+URshwgDw-10-01139-00247335-00247606 this is all silicon cmos right as i
+URshwgDw-10-01140-00247607-00247815 mentioned the first transistor was not
+URshwgDw-10-01141-00247816-00248167 cmos bjt and first few years right in
+URshwgDw-10-01142-00248167-00248342 50s
+URshwgDw-10-01143-00248344-00248510 we were essentially building chips based
+URshwgDw-10-01144-00248511-00248751 on bipolar junction transistor the mos
+URshwgDw-10-01145-00248752-00248998 transistor was actually
+URshwgDw-10-01146-00249000-00249127 invented
+URshwgDw-10-01147-00249128-00249398 although concept was very well known way
+URshwgDw-10-01148-00249400-00249710 back in 30s and 20s it was actually made
+URshwgDw-10-01149-00249711-00249998 possible only in 1964 okay
+URshwgDw-10-01150-00250000-00250223 and then of course in 1960s once we made
+URshwgDw-10-01151-00250223-00250446 mos transistors the technology was just
+URshwgDw-10-01152-00250448-00250679 silicon cmos it just displaced by polar
+URshwgDw-10-01153-00250680-00250903 junction technology but we took the
+URshwgDw-10-01154-00250904-00251063 fundamental building block and just made
+URshwgDw-10-01155-00251064-00251263 it smaller and smaller that is how we
+URshwgDw-10-01156-00251264-00251382 have
+URshwgDw-10-01157-00251383-00251663 been doing the business in the last
+URshwgDw-10-01158-00251664-00251998 few years but today we are facing some
+URshwgDw-10-01159-00252000-00252246 very fundamental challenges in making
+URshwgDw-10-01160-00252248-00252439 this transistor
+URshwgDw-10-01161-00252440-00252655 smaller in future
+URshwgDw-10-01162-00252656-00252815 because we are really hitting some
+URshwgDw-10-01163-00252816-00253023 fundamental limit there is lot of gate
+URshwgDw-10-01164-00253023-00253215 tunneling current we used to say that
+URshwgDw-10-01165-00253216-00253463 the insulated gate mos transistor has an
+URshwgDw-10-01166-00253464-00253639 insulated gate if i apply voltage on the
+URshwgDw-10-01167-00253640-00253871 gate no current flows through the gate
+URshwgDw-10-01168-00253871-00254063 terminal because there is an insulator
+URshwgDw-10-01169-00254064-00254279 that is no longer true now
+URshwgDw-10-01170-00254280-00254455 okay
+URshwgDw-10-01171-00254456-00254623 this causes lot of problems we need to
+URshwgDw-10-01172-00254623-00254782 overcome that problem there is lot of
+URshwgDw-10-01173-00254783-00255015 issues with channel quantization ok the
+URshwgDw-10-01174-00255016-00255230 channel here between source and drain is
+URshwgDw-10-01175-00255231-00255391 so small
+URshwgDw-10-01176-00255392-00255639 okay that the quantization effects
+URshwgDw-10-01177-00255640-00255863 cannot be neglected and the transport
+URshwgDw-10-01178-00255864-00256030 itself is no longer drift diffusion
+URshwgDw-10-01179-00256031-00256191 based transport right
+URshwgDw-10-01180-00256192-00256415 it is becoming quasi ballistic transport
+URshwgDw-10-01181-00256416-00256494 right
+URshwgDw-10-01182-00256496-00256782 so if we have to scale in the future
+URshwgDw-10-01183-00256783-00256998 miniaturize the transistor in the future
+URshwgDw-10-01184-00257000-00257263 we can do that only if you have new
+URshwgDw-10-01185-00257264-00257534 materials and new device structures ok
+URshwgDw-10-01186-00257535-00257719 otherwise you know there is no way we
+URshwgDw-10-01187-00257719-00257951 can go down to 15 nanometer kind of
+URshwgDw-10-01188-00257952-00258303 dimensions right
+URshwgDw-10-01189-00258304-00258663 now ah there is one important point that
+URshwgDw-10-01190-00258664-00258879 i want to bring up here
+URshwgDw-10-01191-00258880-00259055 is something called technology life
+URshwgDw-10-01192-00259056-00259358 cycle right this also gives you a feel
+URshwgDw-10-01193-00259359-00259446 ah
+URshwgDw-10-01194-00259448-00259679 the pace of electronics right you know
+URshwgDw-10-01195-00259680-00259830 at least
+URshwgDw-10-01196-00259831-00260006 from the point of view of
+URshwgDw-10-01197-00260007-00260255 using electronics products right
+URshwgDw-10-01198-00260256-00260527 you see the best way to best time to buy
+URshwgDw-10-01199-00260528-00260734 electronics product is always tomorrow
+URshwgDw-10-01200-00260735-00260951 right if you want to buy a cell phone
+URshwgDw-10-01201-00260952-00261119 you wait till tomorrow because you get a
+URshwgDw-10-01202-00261119-00261279 better cell phone with better features
+URshwgDw-10-01203-00261280-00261494 for a lower cost right you'll buy a cell
+URshwgDw-10-01204-00261496-00261775 phone today and your friend will buy one
+URshwgDw-10-01205-00261776-00261910 six months down the line and you will
+URshwgDw-10-01206-00261911-00262134 curse yourself why did i buy this right
+URshwgDw-10-01207-00262135-00262358 six months ago right you know technology
+URshwgDw-10-01208-00262359-00262582 is becoming obsolete so fast right if
+URshwgDw-10-01209-00262583-00262782 you look at the history the way things
+URshwgDw-10-01210-00262783-00262927 are happening
+URshwgDw-10-01211-00262928-00263039 is that
+URshwgDw-10-01212-00263040-00263351 a new technology cycle starts emerging
+URshwgDw-10-01213-00263352-00263663 at time line this lets say reference 0
+URshwgDw-10-01214-00263664-00263927 is reference x axis is month it takes
+URshwgDw-10-01215-00263928-00264095 about 2 years to
+URshwgDw-10-01216-00264096-00264271 develop a new technology
+URshwgDw-10-01217-00264272-00264479 during this period you know you are
+URshwgDw-10-01218-00264480-00264703 working on your equipments you are
+URshwgDw-10-01219-00264704-00264863 working on your processes you are
+URshwgDw-10-01220-00264864-00265103 working on your device structures and so
+URshwgDw-10-01221-00265104-00265319 on and so forth but there is no product
+URshwgDw-10-01222-00265320-00265534 in the market really however you will be
+URshwgDw-10-01223-00265535-00265703 seeing lot of papers published in the
+URshwgDw-10-01224-00265704-00265879 conferences leading conferences and
+URshwgDw-10-01225-00265880-00266110 journals right and very quickly you
+URshwgDw-10-01226-00266111-00266287 figure out how to make a product using
+URshwgDw-10-01227-00266288-00266519 this because making a single transistor
+URshwgDw-10-01228-00266520-00266719 is one thing making billion transistors
+URshwgDw-10-01229-00266720-00266943 all of which are working properly and
+URshwgDw-10-01230-00266944-00267182 interconnect them appropriately is a
+URshwgDw-10-01231-00267183-00267375 marvelous feat right that is where you
+URshwgDw-10-01232-00267376-00267615 need to you know have lot of learning
+URshwgDw-10-01233-00267616-00267871 right that comes about and you actually
+URshwgDw-10-01234-00267872-00267991 start making
+URshwgDw-10-01235-00267992-00268215 products right you start selling chips
+URshwgDw-10-01236-00268216-00268503 what is plotted here is volume parts per
+URshwgDw-10-01237-00268504-00268623 month
+URshwgDw-10-01238-00268624-00268719 okay
+URshwgDw-10-01239-00268720-00268871 and here
+URshwgDw-10-01240-00268872-00269087 parts here is chips per month and here
+URshwgDw-10-01241-00269088-00269263 wafers per month right
+URshwgDw-10-01242-00269264-00269510 you know 20 wafers can give you 10 000
+URshwgDw-10-01243-00269511-00269775 chips right this is 10 k here this is 2
+URshwgDw-10-01244-00269776-00270039 20 200 and so on and so forth the scales
+URshwgDw-10-01245-00270040-00270263 are different okay because each wafer
+URshwgDw-10-01246-00270264-00270471 can support large number of chips you
+URshwgDw-10-01247-00270472-00270663 see okay so then of course the
+URshwgDw-10-01248-00270664-00270871 production ramps up
+URshwgDw-10-01249-00270872-00271143 and you really have large number of
+URshwgDw-10-01250-00271144-00271391 chips porting to a new technology at the
+URshwgDw-10-01251-00271392-00271510 same time
+URshwgDw-10-01252-00271511-00271751 in the r d there will be a new wave that
+URshwgDw-10-01253-00271752-00271863 will start
+URshwgDw-10-01254-00271864-00271991 right you start working on a new
+URshwgDw-10-01255-00271992-00272167 generation of the technology you know it
+URshwgDw-10-01256-00272168-00272455 is sort of ongoing right and that is why
+URshwgDw-10-01257-00272456-00272567 you have
+URshwgDw-10-01258-00272568-00272695 continuous
+URshwgDw-10-01259-00272696-00272895 miniaturization introduction of new
+URshwgDw-10-01260-00272896-00273103 technology nodes and so on and so forth
+URshwgDw-10-01261-00273104-00273327 right and that is a very unique thing
+URshwgDw-10-01262-00273328-00273551 about electronics
+URshwgDw-10-01263-00273552-00273687 unparalleled
+URshwgDw-10-01264-00273688-00273823 compared to any other industrial
+URshwgDw-10-01265-00273824-00274127 segments the this is only industrial the
+URshwgDw-10-01266-00274128-00274255 cost
+URshwgDw-10-01267-00274256-00274623 of your product is decreasing every year
+URshwgDw-10-01268-00274624-00274943 with more functionality right
+URshwgDw-10-01269-00274944-00275143 so what are the projections for the next
+URshwgDw-10-01270-00275144-00275334 few years right
+URshwgDw-10-01271-00275335-00275639 this is taken from itrs roadmap
+URshwgDw-10-01272-00275640-00275806 as i mentioned you should go and look at
+URshwgDw-10-01273-00275807-00276087 the itrs roadmap ok
+URshwgDw-10-01274-00276088-00276423 you know today we have something like 45
+URshwgDw-10-01275-00276424-00276647 and 32 nanometer technology in volume
+URshwgDw-10-01276-00276648-00276767 production
+URshwgDw-10-01277-00276768-00276999 okay
+URshwgDw-10-01278-00277000-00277263 you know in future we will of course go
+URshwgDw-10-01279-00277264-00277639 down to something like 11 nanometer
+URshwgDw-10-01280-00277640-00277830 technology node okay
+URshwgDw-10-01281-00277831-00277999 there are multiple metrics here
+URshwgDw-10-01282-00278000-00278247 technology node is quite
+URshwgDw-10-01283-00278248-00278358 different
+URshwgDw-10-01284-00278359-00278503 there is also something called
+URshwgDw-10-01285-00278504-00278734 transistor gate length right
+URshwgDw-10-01286-00278735-00279015 when i am building chips on so called 45
+URshwgDw-10-01287-00279016-00279239 nanometer technology the transistor
+URshwgDw-10-01288-00279240-00279455 dimension may actually be much less than
+URshwgDw-10-01289-00279456-00279727 that you know i may be making transistor
+URshwgDw-10-01290-00279728-00279927 whose gate length is as small as 20
+URshwgDw-10-01291-00279928-00280247 nanometer right there is a big
+URshwgDw-10-01292-00280248-00280391 difference between the so called
+URshwgDw-10-01293-00280392-00280623 technology label
+URshwgDw-10-01294-00280624-00280879 which is delivered based on a definition
+URshwgDw-10-01295-00280880-00281103 of half pitch
+URshwgDw-10-01296-00281104-00281263 as the actual
+URshwgDw-10-01297-00281264-00281423 way much
+URshwgDw-10-01298-00281424-00281679 smaller right when you have the gate
+URshwgDw-10-01299-00281680-00281999 dimension and spacing equivalent
+URshwgDw-10-01300-00282000-00282158 then the gate length becomes equal to
+URshwgDw-10-01301-00282159-00282295 half pitch
+URshwgDw-10-01302-00282296-00282575 okay whereas if the gate length is much
+URshwgDw-10-01303-00282576-00282710 smaller and
+URshwgDw-10-01304-00282711-00282903 spacing is much larger
+URshwgDw-10-01305-00282904-00283095 then half pitch is more than length you
+URshwgDw-10-01306-00283096-00283175 see
+URshwgDw-10-01307-00283176-00283367 there's a distinction between the
+URshwgDw-10-01308-00283368-00283519 technology node definition which is
+URshwgDw-10-01309-00283520-00283679 derived from the half
+URshwgDw-10-01310-00283680-00283871 that is you have one transistor here you
+URshwgDw-10-01311-00283872-00284047 have another transistor here
+URshwgDw-10-01312-00284048-00284247 so this is the pitch right
+URshwgDw-10-01313-00284248-00284599 how closely packed the transistors okay
+URshwgDw-10-01314-00284600-00284775 and if the spacing and dimensions were
+URshwgDw-10-01315-00284776-00284999 to be identical half pitch and gate
+URshwgDw-10-01316-00285000-00285143 length would be identical but that is
+URshwgDw-10-01317-00285144-00285327 not the case right we miniature as the
+URshwgDw-10-01318-00285328-00285519 gate line more aggressively
+URshwgDw-10-01319-00285520-00285806 we can pack the ancestors together okay
+URshwgDw-10-01320-00285807-00285967 so that is why there is a difference out
+URshwgDw-10-01321-00285968-00286175 here wafer diameters today we are
+URshwgDw-10-01322-00286176-00286415 building silicon chips on 12 inch wafer
+URshwgDw-10-01323-00286416-00286639 diameter right these are like you know
+URshwgDw-10-01324-00286640-00286727 big
+URshwgDw-10-01325-00286728-00286895 thinner plates that you have 12 inch
+URshwgDw-10-01326-00286896-00287134 wafer diameter the reason being that if
+URshwgDw-10-01327-00287135-00287351 you have 12 inch wafer you can populate
+URshwgDw-10-01328-00287352-00287582 large number of chips right that is how
+URshwgDw-10-01329-00287583-00287830 you know you can reduce the cost of chip
+URshwgDw-10-01330-00287831-00287975 you will have so many chips from a
+URshwgDw-10-01331-00287976-00288271 single wafer ok
+URshwgDw-10-01332-00288272-00288454 and of course in order to do that you
+URshwgDw-10-01333-00288455-00288663 have to go through a very complex
+URshwgDw-10-01334-00288664-00288815 process steps
+URshwgDw-10-01335-00288816-00289054 you will probably go through at least
+URshwgDw-10-01336-00289055-00289182 35
+URshwgDw-10-01337-00289183-00289415 photolithography steps in the nanofab
+URshwgDw-10-01338-00289416-00289695 facility okay the number of transistors
+URshwgDw-10-01339-00289696-00289895 that you are talking about is about
+URshwgDw-10-01340-00289896-00290047 2 billion transistors that you would
+URshwgDw-10-01341-00290048-00290230 integrate okay
+URshwgDw-10-01342-00290231-00290454 and you know number of interconnects as
+URshwgDw-10-01343-00290455-00290623 i mentioned you know something like more
+URshwgDw-10-01344-00290624-00290839 than 10 that i already mentioned because
+URshwgDw-10-01345-00290840-00290967 you have so many transistor you need to
+URshwgDw-10-01346-00290968-00291158 be able to interconnect them right that
+URshwgDw-10-01347-00291159-00291271 is why you need large number of
+URshwgDw-10-01348-00291272-00291479 interconnects right
+URshwgDw-10-01349-00291480-00291582 and
+URshwgDw-10-01350-00291583-00291854 of course today we are talking of ultra
+URshwgDw-10-01351-00291855-00291934 low
+URshwgDw-10-01352-00291935-00292134 voltage operation right
+URshwgDw-10-01353-00292135-00292399 about 1 volt is what the supply voltage
+URshwgDw-10-01354-00292400-00292599 for all these chips they are no longer
+URshwgDw-10-01355-00292600-00292830 you know your 5 volt chips you know at
+URshwgDw-10-01356-00292831-00293006 if you apply five volt the transistor
+URshwgDw-10-01357-00293007-00293271 will dry instantaneously ok so the
+URshwgDw-10-01358-00293272-00293454 supply voltage has to be very very low
+URshwgDw-10-01359-00293455-00293679 of the order of one volt ok and of
+URshwgDw-10-01360-00293680-00293919 course you know very large number of
+URshwgDw-10-01361-00293920-00294175 packaged pins right you can never
+URshwgDw-10-01362-00294176-00294391 remember the pin out of the chip right
+URshwgDw-10-01363-00294392-00294623 1450 package pens right very
+URshwgDw-10-01364-00294624-00294863 interestingly out of this 1450 at least
+URshwgDw-10-01365-00294864-00295110 for microprocessor kind of chip at least
+URshwgDw-10-01366-00295111-00295351 two thirds of these pins are only vdd
+URshwgDw-10-01367-00295352-00295519 and ground pins right
+URshwgDw-10-01368-00295520-00295687 that is required
+URshwgDw-10-01369-00295688-00295951 to bring in supply into the chip from
+URshwgDw-10-01370-00295952-00296134 multiple
+URshwgDw-10-01371-00296135-00296343 regions so that you can minimize the
+URshwgDw-10-01372-00296344-00296575 noise because your chip is working only
+URshwgDw-10-01373-00296576-00296782 at one volt right you need to make sure
+URshwgDw-10-01374-00296783-00296958 that you do not have much noise margin
+URshwgDw-10-01375-00296959-00297143 here you need to make sure that you
+URshwgDw-10-01376-00297144-00297343 minimize the noise right and that is a
+URshwgDw-10-01377-00297344-00297519 that is why you need to be able to
+URshwgDw-10-01378-00297520-00297767 distribute your so called power network
+URshwgDw-10-01379-00297768-00297991 very efficiently okay
+URshwgDw-10-01380-00297992-00298215 and of course because we do that we get
+URshwgDw-10-01381-00298216-00298447 very high performance we talk of
+URshwgDw-10-01382-00298448-00298758 frequencies upwards of 10 gigahertz
+URshwgDw-10-01383-00298759-00299030 and of course we also consume very large
+URshwgDw-10-01384-00299031-00299243 power today you know state of the art
+URshwgDw-10-01385-00299244-00299495 microprocessor is consuming more than
+URshwgDw-10-01386-00299496-00299710 100 baht this is also becoming a serious
+URshwgDw-10-01387-00299711-00300030 issue it's as if you have 100 light
+URshwgDw-10-01388-00300031-00300271 bulbs sitting in your cpu box right you
+URshwgDw-10-01389-00300272-00300423 know that is the kind of
+URshwgDw-10-01390-00300424-00300591 power dissipation that we have in these
+URshwgDw-10-01391-00300592-00300758 chips
+URshwgDw-10-01392-00300759-00300943 another important point i wanted to
+URshwgDw-10-01393-00300944-00301199 bring about is that
+URshwgDw-10-01394-00301200-00301551 just because we have a newer and newer
+URshwgDw-10-01395-00301552-00301775 technology introduced almost every two
+URshwgDw-10-01396-00301776-00301879 years
+URshwgDw-10-01397-00301880-00302110 it does not mean that all older
+URshwgDw-10-01398-00302111-00302351 generation technologies are obsolete
+URshwgDw-10-01399-00302352-00302471 okay
+URshwgDw-10-01400-00302472-00302934 each technology has its relevance
+URshwgDw-10-01401-00302935-00303151 size the fit all
+URshwgDw-10-01402-00303152-00303334 all it means is that
+URshwgDw-10-01403-00303335-00303591 the highest performance the so called
+URshwgDw-10-01404-00303592-00303854 leading and bleeding edge chip such as
+URshwgDw-10-01405-00303855-00304054 microprocessor very high performance
+URshwgDw-10-01406-00304055-00304167 flash
+URshwgDw-10-01407-00304168-00304382 dram and what have you that will
+URshwgDw-10-01408-00304383-00304558 immediately go on to the new technology
+URshwgDw-10-01409-00304559-00304719 node ok
+URshwgDw-10-01410-00304720-00304903 what this is a very interesting plot
+URshwgDw-10-01411-00304904-00305167 again x axis is
+URshwgDw-10-01412-00305168-00305375 year time line
+URshwgDw-10-01413-00305376-00305582 but y axis is a very interesting plot
+URshwgDw-10-01414-00305583-00305791 out here you know this essentially is a
+URshwgDw-10-01415-00305792-00306006 worldwide wafer production across
+URshwgDw-10-01416-00306007-00306175 technologies
+URshwgDw-10-01417-00306176-00306406 if you look at 1997
+URshwgDw-10-01418-00306407-00306654 along this 1997 you have actually
+URshwgDw-10-01419-00306655-00306958 created another xy graph
+URshwgDw-10-01420-00306959-00307063 okay
+URshwgDw-10-01421-00307064-00307358 on out here wpc refers to wafer
+URshwgDw-10-01422-00307359-00307479 production
+URshwgDw-10-01423-00307480-00307758 okay and here this refers to the feature
+URshwgDw-10-01424-00307759-00307854 size
+URshwgDw-10-01425-00307855-00308151 way back in 1997 we had only
+URshwgDw-10-01426-00308152-00308382 technologies going up to 0.5 micron that
+URshwgDw-10-01427-00308383-00308615 is why along this horizontal line you do
+URshwgDw-10-01428-00308616-00308799 not have any data points coming down
+URshwgDw-10-01429-00308800-00309095 here okay the technology the best
+URshwgDw-10-01430-00309096-00309375 technology that you had stopped there ok
+URshwgDw-10-01431-00309376-00309679 you had lot of products out here but
+URshwgDw-10-01432-00309680-00309887 at that time one micron technology which
+URshwgDw-10-01433-00309888-00310182 was state of the art maybe in 1990
+URshwgDw-10-01434-00310183-00310375 continued to stay there for niche
+URshwgDw-10-01435-00310376-00310495 application
+URshwgDw-10-01436-00310496-00310758 okay so there was wafer production to
+URshwgDw-10-01437-00310759-00311063 make one micron chips as well and as you
+URshwgDw-10-01438-00311064-00311287 go along the ears you see
+URshwgDw-10-01439-00311288-00311534 along this line there are new rectangles
+URshwgDw-10-01440-00311535-00311775 that are being added you see right
+URshwgDw-10-01441-00311776-00312023 all that means is that today you know if
+URshwgDw-10-01442-00312024-00312247 i look at 2007 its not today of course
+URshwgDw-10-01443-00312248-00312479 five years ago you see
+URshwgDw-10-01444-00312480-00312671 in addition to this there are new
+URshwgDw-10-01445-00312672-00312910 rectangles added which corresponds to
+URshwgDw-10-01446-00312911-00313006 different
+URshwgDw-10-01447-00313007-00313199 generations of the technology right
+URshwgDw-10-01448-00313200-00313375 going all the way to 90 nanometer
+URshwgDw-10-01449-00313376-00313575 technology back then
+URshwgDw-10-01450-00313576-00313791 if i construct this plot today it will
+URshwgDw-10-01451-00313792-00314071 go all the way down to 45 nanometer
+URshwgDw-10-01452-00314072-00314247 but the point to note here is that of
+URshwgDw-10-01453-00314248-00314447 course the highest performance chip will
+URshwgDw-10-01454-00314448-00314687 immediately go to the
+URshwgDw-10-01455-00314688-00315030 latest current technology but even then
+URshwgDw-10-01456-00315031-00315215 you still have worldwide wafer
+URshwgDw-10-01457-00315216-00315454 production happening on 0.5 micron
+URshwgDw-10-01458-00315455-00315767 technology 0.7 1 micron and so on and so
+URshwgDw-10-01459-00315768-00315854 forth
+URshwgDw-10-01460-00315855-00316030 just to give an example if you want to
+URshwgDw-10-01461-00316031-00316287 make a very high power chip
+URshwgDw-10-01462-00316288-00316630 ok you want to drive several vats ah you
+URshwgDw-10-01463-00316631-00316895 know into you know your audio amplifier
+URshwgDw-10-01464-00316896-00317063 or what have you right
+URshwgDw-10-01465-00317064-00317310 then i cannot do that with one volt
+URshwgDw-10-01466-00317311-00317551 right i need to maybe use five volt or
+URshwgDw-10-01467-00317552-00317719 ten volt
+URshwgDw-10-01468-00317720-00317887 then the only way i can construct is
+URshwgDw-10-01469-00317888-00318110 using one micron bigger transistors
+URshwgDw-10-01470-00318111-00318327 because if i go to a smaller transistor
+URshwgDw-10-01471-00318328-00318510 the transistor will just die as i say
+URshwgDw-10-01472-00318511-00318710 they will break down ok so each
+URshwgDw-10-01473-00318711-00318927 technology has its relevance but the
+URshwgDw-10-01474-00318928-00319143 point is that the leading edge
+URshwgDw-10-01475-00319144-00319367 technology will occupy most of the
+URshwgDw-10-01476-00319368-00319527 business because most of the business
+URshwgDw-10-01477-00319528-00319687 really comes from
+URshwgDw-10-01478-00319688-00319830 the very high end chips like
+URshwgDw-10-01479-00319831-00320039 microprocessors and
+URshwgDw-10-01480-00320040-00320279 you know very high capacity memories and
+URshwgDw-10-01481-00320280-00320534 so on and so forth
+URshwgDw-10-01482-00320535-00320695 in addition to this there is something
+URshwgDw-10-01483-00320696-00320991 interesting happening for last few years
+URshwgDw-10-01484-00320992-00321110 and that is
+URshwgDw-10-01485-00321111-00321247 something called
+URshwgDw-10-01486-00321248-00321558 building sensors on silicon ok so called
+URshwgDw-10-01487-00321559-00321871 cmos sensors presumably these will
+URshwgDw-10-01488-00321872-00322206 become next technology drivers okay in
+URshwgDw-10-01489-00322207-00322351 other words if you see
+URshwgDw-10-01490-00322352-00322567 last few decades in every decade there
+URshwgDw-10-01491-00322568-00322854 was a technology driver right way back
+URshwgDw-10-01492-00322855-00323110 you know in 1970s until microprocessor
+URshwgDw-10-01493-00323111-00323382 happened we had only memory chips okay
+URshwgDw-10-01494-00323383-00323543 then of course you had my processor
+URshwgDw-10-01495-00323544-00323871 chips that microprocessor was invented
+URshwgDw-10-01496-00323872-00324167 and 1990s was really internet era right
+URshwgDw-10-01497-00324168-00324423 internet was invented and you had
+URshwgDw-10-01498-00324424-00324654 lot of new chips the so called network
+URshwgDw-10-01499-00324655-00324951 chips chips which enable networking came
+URshwgDw-10-01500-00324952-00325151 about it does not mean that
+URshwgDw-10-01501-00325152-00325303 we didn't fabricate processor we didn't
+URshwgDw-10-01502-00325304-00325479 fabricate memory we continued to do that
+URshwgDw-10-01503-00325480-00325639 but there is a new vector that has
+URshwgDw-10-01504-00325640-00325799 emerged okay
+URshwgDw-10-01505-00325800-00325999 in the last decade you know it is really
+URshwgDw-10-01506-00326000-00326295 an explosion of handheld devices right
+URshwgDw-10-01507-00326296-00326534 and accordingly we had large number of
+URshwgDw-10-01508-00326535-00326623 chips
+URshwgDw-10-01509-00326624-00326871 which enabled you know your cell phone
+URshwgDw-10-01510-00326872-00327151 pdas digital cameras and so on and so
+URshwgDw-10-01511-00327152-00327247 forth
+URshwgDw-10-01512-00327248-00327503 i think next couple of decades really is
+URshwgDw-10-01513-00327504-00327734 going to be you know in terms of systems
+URshwgDw-10-01514-00327735-00327878 we will really be building so called
+URshwgDw-10-01515-00327879-00328087 wireless sensor network based system
+URshwgDw-10-01516-00328088-00328351 right or so called ambient intelligence
+URshwgDw-10-01517-00328352-00328591 right we need to be able to have very
+URshwgDw-10-01518-00328592-00328815 low cost sensors spread all around
+URshwgDw-10-01519-00328816-00329047 which will collect lot of information in
+URshwgDw-10-01520-00329048-00329247 real time and
+URshwgDw-10-01521-00329248-00329454 you know make sense out of it right in
+URshwgDw-10-01522-00329455-00329710 order to do that we should really enable
+URshwgDw-10-01523-00329711-00329910 a large number of sensor chips right so
+URshwgDw-10-01524-00329911-00330095 this is also something that is happening
+URshwgDw-10-01525-00330096-00330278 although in this course we will not
+URshwgDw-10-01526-00330279-00330478 really talk about sensor right but when
+URshwgDw-10-01527-00330479-00330734 we talk of nano electronics this is also
+URshwgDw-10-01528-00330735-00331006 a very very important aspect in other
+URshwgDw-10-01529-00331007-00331134 words
+URshwgDw-10-01530-00331135-00331391 we talk of what is called more more and
+URshwgDw-10-01531-00331392-00331599 more than more
+URshwgDw-10-01532-00331600-00331751 what we mean by more and more is
+URshwgDw-10-01533-00331752-00331943 essentially this is conventional
+URshwgDw-10-01534-00331944-00332167 electronics we are building
+URshwgDw-10-01535-00332168-00332463 computational units such as cpu logic
+URshwgDw-10-01536-00332464-00332703 and storage units such as memories
+URshwgDw-10-01537-00332704-00332871 right all that we are doing is
+URshwgDw-10-01538-00332872-00333071 miniaturization
+URshwgDw-10-01539-00333072-00333287 ok and this is what is happening as per
+URshwgDw-10-01540-00333288-00333471 the moore's law we are miniaturizing
+URshwgDw-10-01541-00333472-00333703 scaling and so on and so forth
+URshwgDw-10-01542-00333704-00333910 more than more is essentially along with
+URshwgDw-10-01543-00333911-00334119 electronics trying to embed something
+URshwgDw-10-01544-00334120-00334358 different right to begin with along with
+URshwgDw-10-01545-00334359-00334534 digital you may say i want to embed
+URshwgDw-10-01546-00334535-00334710 analog and rf function
+URshwgDw-10-01547-00334711-00334951 then i want to embed passive such as
+URshwgDw-10-01548-00334952-00335071 inductors
+URshwgDw-10-01549-00335072-00335271 capacitors on the same chip
+URshwgDw-10-01550-00335272-00335503 then also i want to embed high voltage
+URshwgDw-10-01551-00335504-00335727 high power transistors on the same chip
+URshwgDw-10-01552-00335728-00335887 which has low voltage low power
+URshwgDw-10-01553-00335888-00336087 transistors then
+URshwgDw-10-01554-00336088-00336319 taking it further sensors and actuators
+URshwgDw-10-01555-00336320-00336503 and bio chips and so on and so forth
+URshwgDw-10-01556-00336504-00336678 right this is the vector that we will
+URshwgDw-10-01557-00336679-00336927 not really talk about
+URshwgDw-10-01558-00336928-00337047 okay
+URshwgDw-10-01559-00337048-00337127 so
+URshwgDw-10-01560-00337128-00337399 we will restrict our self only to what
+URshwgDw-10-01561-00337400-00337775 we call traditional scaling
+URshwgDw-10-01562-00337776-00338023 right what i call traditional scaling is
+URshwgDw-10-01563-00338024-00338271 essentially shrinking feature size we
+URshwgDw-10-01564-00338272-00338406 take the building block which is
+URshwgDw-10-01565-00338407-00338615 transistor we are only looking at
+URshwgDw-10-01566-00338616-00338830 electrical domain make the transistor
+URshwgDw-10-01567-00338831-00339030 smaller and smaller the technology
+URshwgDw-10-01568-00339031-00339247 drivers have been memory and logic the
+URshwgDw-10-01569-00339248-00339406 technology drivers will continue to be
+URshwgDw-10-01570-00339407-00339639 memory and logic along the traditional
+URshwgDw-10-01571-00339640-00339839 scaling path
+URshwgDw-10-01572-00339840-00340039 the materials and devices are silicon
+URshwgDw-10-01573-00340040-00340230 and its derivative
+URshwgDw-10-01574-00340231-00340471 classical cmos is what we had going
+URshwgDw-10-01575-00340472-00340671 forward silicon will coexist with a
+URshwgDw-10-01576-00340672-00340847 variety of materials that will be the
+URshwgDw-10-01577-00340848-00341039 focus of this course we will talk quite
+URshwgDw-10-01578-00341040-00341263 a bit not only on silicon on germanium
+URshwgDw-10-01579-00341264-00341439 on compound semiconductors and so on and
+URshwgDw-10-01580-00341440-00341639 so forth right
+URshwgDw-10-01581-00341640-00341830 in addition to that device architecture
+URshwgDw-10-01582-00341831-00342006 not only cmos we will also talk about
+URshwgDw-10-01583-00342007-00342239 non classical cmos ok
+URshwgDw-10-01584-00342240-00342503 that will also form a significant chunk
+URshwgDw-10-01585-00342504-00342887 of the course that we have okay
+URshwgDw-10-01586-00342888-00343143 whereas this equivalent scaling path is
+URshwgDw-10-01587-00343144-00343367 really
+URshwgDw-10-01588-00343368-00343543 staying at the same dimension not
+URshwgDw-10-01589-00343544-00343791 necessarily miniaturizing but doing
+URshwgDw-10-01590-00343792-00343967 functional integration add more
+URshwgDw-10-01591-00343968-00344167 functions to the chip not just compute
+URshwgDw-10-01592-00344168-00344399 and storage but add
+URshwgDw-10-01593-00344400-00344647 you know sensing and actuation this is
+URshwgDw-10-01594-00344648-00344910 what we call hybrid systems on chip or
+URshwgDw-10-01595-00344911-00345039 socs
+URshwgDw-10-01596-00345040-00345239 silicon will coexist with variety of
+URshwgDw-10-01597-00345240-00345543 functional materials polymer piezo ferro
+URshwgDw-10-01598-00345544-00345823 electric magnetic so on and so forth in
+URshwgDw-10-01599-00345824-00346127 terms of devices not only cmos but mems
+URshwgDw-10-01600-00346128-00346351 chemical sensor biological sensors
+URshwgDw-10-01601-00346352-00346575 everything will be sort of integrated on
+URshwgDw-10-01602-00346576-00347167 a single chip okay
+URshwgDw-10-01603-00347168-00347551 so we would need ah new materials also
+URshwgDw-10-01604-00347552-00347919 to be able to do that okay
+URshwgDw-10-01605-00347920-00348278 this as i said is going to be the
+URshwgDw-10-01606-00348279-00348527 emphasis of this course new materials
+URshwgDw-10-01607-00348528-00348871 and new device structure right so
+URshwgDw-10-01608-00348872-00348967 you know
+URshwgDw-10-01609-00348968-00349271 what i will do at this time ah you know
+URshwgDw-10-01610-00349272-00349510 is just flash this periodic table
+URshwgDw-10-01611-00349511-00349758 for you to go back and think about
+URshwgDw-10-01612-00349759-00349975 you know of course you know silicon is
+URshwgDw-10-01613-00349976-00350215 out here in column four which is a
+URshwgDw-10-01614-00350216-00350551 semiconductor and our entire electronics
+URshwgDw-10-01615-00350552-00350782 is based on silicon right in addition to
+URshwgDw-10-01616-00350783-00351054 silicon there are lot of other materials
+URshwgDw-10-01617-00351055-00351439 ah we will see in the next lecture that
+URshwgDw-10-01618-00351440-00351734 what it used to be until 10 years ago
+URshwgDw-10-01619-00351735-00351919 we will recognize that we had only
+URshwgDw-10-01620-00351920-00352127 handful of materials if you were to ask
+URshwgDw-10-01621-00352128-00352343 what is the ingredient of the chip
+URshwgDw-10-01622-00352344-00352647 you will see only about 5 or 6 material
+URshwgDw-10-01623-00352648-00352847 that you could list but today its quite
+URshwgDw-10-01624-00352848-00353006 different we will see why that is the
+URshwgDw-10-01625-00353007-00353087 case
+URshwgDw-10-01626-00353088-00353247 and we will also talk about the device
+URshwgDw-10-01627-00353248-00353447 structure right so we will save it for
+URshwgDw-10-01628-00353448-00353582 the next lecture
+URshwgDw-10-01629-00353583-00353871 and you know with that
+URshwgDw-10-01630-00353872-00355399 we will conclude the lecture for the day
+URshwgDw-10-01631-00355400-00355607 you
+UTicrTU5QYA-00000-00000337-00001262 [Applause]
+UTicrTU5QYA-00001-00001263-00001659 let's do it
+UTicrTU5QYA-00002-00001660-00002726 [Applause]
+UTicrTU5QYA-00003-00002727-00004320 that is
+UTicrTU5QYA-00005-00008256-00009142 is
+UTicrTU5QYA-00006-00009143-00009774 [Applause]
+UTicrTU5QYA-00007-00009775-00010015 come on
+UTicrTU5QYA-00008-00010016-00010983 [Music]
+UTicrTU5QYA-00009-00010984-00011838 oh
+UTicrTU5QYA-00010-00011839-00013327 [Applause]
+UTicrTU5QYA-00011-00013328-00015358 oh
+UTicrTU5QYA-00012-00015359-00015531 thank you mother your
+UTicrTU5QYA-00013-00015532-00016294 [Applause]
+UTicrTU5QYA-00014-00016296-00016883 [Applause]
+UTicrTU5QYA-00015-00016884-00017220 oh we go
+UVb44g0vpWY-00000-00000056-00000521 codepage 860 also known as CP 860 IBM
+UVb44g0vpWY-00001-00000522-00000960 0:08 600 e/m 860 dos Portuguese is a
+UVb44g0vpWY-00002-00000961-00001145 code page used under dos to write
+UVb44g0vpWY-00003-00001146-00001349 Portuguese and it is also suitable to
+UVb44g0vpWY-00004-00001350-00001623 write Spanish and Italian in Brazil
+UVb44g0vpWY-00005-00001623-00001839 however the most widespread code page
+UVb44g0vpWY-00006-00001839-00002058 and that which dos in Brazilian
+UVb44g0vpWY-00007-00002059-00002333 Portuguese used by default was code page
+UVb44g0vpWY-00008-00002334-00002798 815
+UVb44g0vpWY-00009-00002799-00003258 topic character set
+UVb44g0vpWY-00010-00003259-00003600 the following table shows code page 860
+UVb44g0vpWY-00011-00003601-00003795 each character is shown with its
+UVb44g0vpWY-00012-00003796-00003997 equivalent Unicode code point and its
+UVb44g0vpWY-00013-00003997-00004279 decimal code point only the second half
+UVb44g0vpWY-00014-00004280-00004686 of the table code points 128 to 255 is
+UVb44g0vpWY-00015-00004687-00004928 shown the first half code points 0 to
+UVb44g0vpWY-00016-00004929-00005202 127 being the same as ASCII
+UVb44g0vpWY-00017-00005203-00005535 although code points 1 to 31 and 127
+UVb44g0vpWY-00018-00005536-00005938 0:01 fhe x + 7 fh e^x have a different
+UVb44g0vpWY-00019-00005939-00006177 interpretation in some circumstances c
+UVb44g0vpWY-00020-00006178-00006751 code page 437
+UVb44g0vpWY-00021-00006752-00007104 topic references
+UVb44g0vpWY-00022-00007105-00007264 you
+UVb44g0vpWY-00023-00007265-00007471 you
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00000-00000058-00000275 operation aquatint was the codename for
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00001-00000276-00000484 a failed raid by british commandos on
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00002-00000485-00000659 the coast of occupied france during the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00003-00000660-00000947 second world war the raid was undertaken
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00004-00000948-00001193 in September 1942 on part of what later
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00005-00001194-00001474 became Omaha Beach by number 62 commando
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00006-00001475-00001657 also known as the small scale rating
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00007-00001659-00001982 force prior to the operation a raid on
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00008-00001982-00002156 the French coastal town of Dieppe had
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00009-00002157-00002350 placed the German occupying forces on a
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00010-00002351-00002500 high state of alert and this ultimately
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00011-00002501-00002795 contributed to acquittance failure the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00012-00002796-00002981 commandos were also unable to identify
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00013-00002982-00003197 their correct landing place due to the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00014-00003198-00003256 darkness
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00015-00003257-00003494 within minutes of landing the raiding
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00016-00003495-00003688 party was ambushed by a German patrol
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00017-00003689-00003847 and forced to try to reach their motor
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00018-00003848-00004222 torpedo boat MTB transport the MTB was
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00019-00004223-00004429 located and engaged by the german shore
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00020-00004430-00004586 batteries which damaged one of its
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00021-00004587-00004793 engines it was forced to withdraw
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00022-00004794-00005077 leaving the commandos behind at the end
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00023-00005078-00005254 of the raid those commandos who had not
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00024-00005255-00005452 been killed all became prisoners of war
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00025-00005453-00005686 only five of the reigning force would
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00026-00005687-00005845 survive the war one was killed in
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00027-00005846-00006013 captivity in the fate of the other two
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00028-00006014-00006588 is uncertain
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00029-00006589-00007058 topic background
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00030-00007059-00007274 following a request from the chief of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00031-00007275-00007458 combined operations Admiral Louis
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00032-00007459-00007649 Mountbatten for probes of German coastal
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00033-00007650-00007709 defenses
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00034-00007711-00007944 number 62 commander also known as the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00035-00007945-00008208 small scale rating force SS RF mounted a
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00036-00008209-00008541 number of operations in 1942 the first
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00037-00008542-00008721 three missions were complete successes
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00038-00008722-00009060 operation barricade 1415 August 1942
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00039-00009061-00009426 operation dry add 2/3 September 1942 and
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00040-00009427-00009749 Operation pound 7 8 September 1942
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00041-00009750-00009974 aquitine was planned for a night in
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00042-00009975-00010194 mid-september 1942 as a reconnaissance
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00043-00010195-00010413 mission near st. Honore nez perce a
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00044-00010414-00010616 small coastal town near Port and besson
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00045-00010617-00010857 in Normandy the mission was to collect
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00046-00010858-00011042 information about the surrounding area
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00047-00011043-00011321 and take a German guard prisoner aerial
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00048-00011322-00011487 reconnaissance had identified a small
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00049-00011488-00011673 group of houses on the seafront thought
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00050-00011674-00011883 to be occupied by Germans the size of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00051-00011884-00012108 the SS RF landing party was limited to
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00052-00012109-00012278 how many could be carried aboard a motor
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00053-00012279-00012533 torpedo boat MTB and comprised five
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00054-00012534-00012762 officers one Warrant Officer one senior
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00055-00012763-00012921 non-commissioned officer three other
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00056-00012922-00013083 ranks and a member of the Free French
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00057-00013084-00013406 forces the commander of the SS r F major
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00058-00013407-00013599 Gus March Phillips would lead the raid
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00059-00013600-00013884 his second-in-command Captain Geoffrey
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00060-00013885-00014091 Appleyard would remain on board the MTB
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00061-00014091-00014300 due to an injury acquired on a previous
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00062-00014301-00014537 mission the other men on the raid were
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00063-00014538-00014655 Captain Graham Hayes
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00064-00014656-00014877 Captain John Burton captain Lord Frances
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00065-00014878-00015096 Howard lieutenant Anthony Hall company
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00066-00015097-00015305 sergeant major Thomas Winter Sergeant
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00067-00015306-00015483 Alan Michael Williams private Jan
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00068-00015484-00015687 Hollings Jan Helin from the Netherlands
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00069-00015688-00015909 private Adam or Abraham Oppo chin ski
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00070-00015910-00016094 from Poland private Richard Leonard
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00071-00016095-00016308 Richard Lane Agha a Jewish Sudan German
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00072-00016309-00016533 from Czechoslovakia and maître Andre des
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00073-00016534-00016712 granges of the Free French forces the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00074-00016713-00016955 Dieppe raid in August 1942 had changed
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00075-00016956-00017136 the German fortification plans the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00076-00017137-00017294 success of the German defenses in
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00077-00017295-00017442 repelling the raid reinforced the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00078-00017443-00017675 importance of the Atlantic war the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00079-00017676-00017928 organization Tod T had now started to
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00080-00017929-00018131 reinforce gun emplacements with infantry
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00081-00018132-00018336 strong points along the French coastline
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00082-00018337-00018572 the older gun emplacements based on
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00083-00018573-00018734 First World War designs were being
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00084-00018735-00018891 replaced by stronger designs with
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00085-00018892-00019071 overhead cover to offer protection from
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00086-00019072-00019368 air attack the area of Normandy targeted
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00087-00019369-00019572 by Operation aquatint had yet to receive
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00088-00019573-00019755 any concrete gun emplacements but there
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00089-00019756-00019887 was a network of coastal artillery
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00090-00019888-00020099 batteries able to provide interlocking
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00091-00020100-00020384 arcs of fire German infantry carried out
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00092-00020385-00020559 foot patrols in the areas between the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00093-00020560-00021111 batteries
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00094-00021112-00021714 topic battle the mission had previously
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00095-00021715-00021927 been attempted over the night of 11 12th
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00096-00021928-00022185 September 1942 but had to be canceled
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00097-00022186-00022380 after the MTB arrived off the coast of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00098-00022381-00022635 France the raiding party had been unable
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00099-00022636-00022818 to locate their target because of the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00100-00022819-00023088 dark and foggy conditions on the 12th of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00101-00023089-00023385 September 1942 their MTB left Portsmouth
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00102-00023386-00023580 at 2012 and reached the coast off
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00103-00023581-00023880 Barfleur at about 2200 moving at a
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00104-00023881-00024072 reduced speed to avoid detection and
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00105-00024073-00024240 avoid the offshore minefields they
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00106-00024241-00024393 reached their intended position off
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00107-00024394-00024597 shore just after midnight on the 13th of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00108-00024598-00024942 September 1942 observing the coastline
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00109-00024943-00025092 in the dark they incorrectly identified
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00110-00025093-00025305 a valley which they believe was Saint
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00111-00025306-00025481 Honorine but was actually st. Lawrence
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00112-00025482-00025680 or Muir about one mile to the right of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00113-00025681-00025925 their intended target at around zero
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00114-00025926-00026118 twenty hours the landing party headed
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00115-00026119-00026301 toward the beach in a small collapsible
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00116-00026302-00026469 flat bottomed boat known as a goalie
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00117-00026470-00026694 boat after reaching the shore they
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00118-00026695-00026846 realized they were too close to some
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00119-00026847-00027017 houses to leave their boat where it was
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00120-00027018-00027360 they dragged the boat 200 yards 180
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00121-00027361-00027545 metres east away from the houses and
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00122-00027547-00027681 above the high-water mark
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00123-00027682-00027902 captain Lord Howe had guarded the boat
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00124-00027903-00028098 while the rest of the SS RF checked to
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00125-00028099-00028283 area to ensure it was safe and they had
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00126-00028285-00028458 not been observed landing on their way
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00127-00028458-00028635 back to the beach they sighted a German
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00128-00028636-00028794 patrol of about seven or eight men
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00129-00028795-00028970 coming from the direction of the houses
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00130-00028972-00029211 so they took cover they were discovered
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00131-00029212-00029402 by the patrols guard dog at about zero
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00132-00029403-00029694 50 the Patrol opened fire on them with
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00133-00029695-00030014 machine guns and hand grenades the SS RF
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00134-00030016-00030204 managed to disperse the German patrol
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00135-00030205-00030369 with returned fire and reach the goat
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00136-00030370-00030630 Lee boat captain Lord Howard who had
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00137-00030631-00030804 been left to guard the boat was wounded
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00138-00030805-00030954 trying to refloat the boat and the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00139-00030955-00031182 others managed to get him aboard the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00140-00031183-00031427 fight lasted for about 30 minutes when
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00141-00031428-00031617 the German patrol moved forward onto the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00142-00031618-00031790 beach Lieutenant Hall tried to capture
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00143-00031791-00031974 one of the Germans but was himself hit
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00144-00031975-00032240 over the head and captured the SS RF
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00145-00032241-00032442 left him behind presuming he was dead
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00146-00032443-00032702 the men in the gully boat had managed to
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00147-00032703-00032990 get about 100 yards 91 metres out to sea
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00148-00032991-00033186 when it was located and engaged by three
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00149-00033187-00033452 machine-gun posts above the beach a gun
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00150-00033453-00033639 emplacement to the west also starting
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00151-00033640-00033821 firing towards them with heavier calibre
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00152-00033822-00033861 guns
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00153-00033862-00034119 the combined fire from four positions
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00154-00034120-00034377 damaged the boat which began to sink the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00155-00034378-00034511 commandos attempted
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00156-00034512-00034730 out to the MTB which by now had also
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00157-00034731-00034897 been discovered and was under fire
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00158-00034898-00035160 unable to locate it in the darkness they
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00159-00035161-00035336 were forced to swim back to the beach
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00160-00035337-00035555 winter was fired on again when he
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00161-00035556-00035786 reached the beach and was captured he
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00162-00035787-00035954 was taken to the German headquarters
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00163-00035955-00036092 where he was put into a room with
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00164-00036093-00036269 Captain Lord Howard and des granges
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00165-00036270-00036485 who had also been captured the MTB had
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00166-00036486-00036707 withdrawn out of range at about 1:30 but
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00167-00036708-00036887 not before it had suffered engine damage
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00168-00036888-00037049 a bullet had disabled the starboard
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00169-00037050-00037301 engine after ten minutes it moved back
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00170-00037302-00037493 in short hoping to pick up any survivors
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00171-00037494-00037766 it was again located by the Germans at
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00172-00037767-00038027 about 2:30 the MTB was forced to
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00173-00038028-00038204 withdraw once again under increasingly
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00174-00038205-00038498 heavy mortar and machine gun fire unable
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00175-00038499-00038699 to locate any survivors it reeked Rost
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00176-00038700-00038867 the German minefield and arrived back in
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00177-00038868-00039492 Portsmouth at 10 o'clock
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00178-00039493-00040001 topic aftermath
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00179-00040002-00040214 later on the morning of the 13th of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00180-00040215-00040463 September 1942 winter and des Rangers
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00181-00040464-00040607 were ordered to collect the bodies of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00182-00040608-00040768 the men who had been killed on the beach
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00183-00040769-00041039 the eleven men who went ashore three
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00184-00041040-00041096 were killed
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00185-00041097-00041294 major March Philips sergeant Williams
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00186-00041295-00041480 and private Leonard four were captured
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00187-00041481-00041675 the seriously wounded pair captain Lord
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00188-00041676-00041858 Howard and Lieutenant Hall with winter
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00189-00041859-00042023 and des granges and four others had
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00190-00042024-00042233 escaped later on the 13th of September
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00191-00042234-00042491 1942 captain Lord Howard and Lieutenant
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00192-00042492-00042653 Hall were hospitalized because of their
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00193-00042654-00042806 injuries while winter and des granges
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00194-00042807-00043028 were taken to confer interrogation at
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00195-00043029-00043265 the time the Germans were unaware that
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00196-00043266-00043544 four commandos captain Burton privates
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00197-00043545-00043781 Hollings and AW and Captain Hayes had
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00198-00043782-00043964 managed to evade capture and made it off
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00199-00043965-00044324 the beach on the 14th of September 1942
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00200-00044325-00044672 the Germans issued a communiqué a second
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00201-00044673-00044933 communique on the 15th of September 1942
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00202-00044934-00045197 read the bodies of the dead were buried
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00203-00045198-00045404 in the st. Lawrence or Meir cemetery on
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00204-00045405-00045755 the 15th of September 1942 the funeral
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00205-00045756-00045947 was only attended by the local German
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00206-00045948-00046202 and the French gendarmerie commanders to
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00207-00046203-00046391 prevent anyone else from attending the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00208-00046392-00046601 Germans had a machine-gun setup covering
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00209-00046602-00046766 the cemetery after 10 days of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00210-00046767-00046931 questioning winter was taken to Rennes
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00211-00046932-00047117 where he was joined three days later by
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00212-00047118-00047399 captain Burton Hollings and all these
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00213-00047400-00047579 three had managed to stay together when
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00214-00047580-00047750 the boat was sunk and were captured by a
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00215-00047751-00047933 German parachute unit carrying out
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00216-00047934-00048197 maneuvers Burdon was sent to a prisoner
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00217-00048198-00048416 of war camp in Germany winter Hollings
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00218-00048417-00048578 and all were taken to Frankfurt and
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00219-00048579-00048758 handed over to the Gestapo for further
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00220-00048759-00048944 questioning after which winter was sent
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00221-00048945-00049205 to a prisoner of war camp at Memon the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00222-00049206-00049373 fate of Hollings and all has never been
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00223-00049374-00049586 established winter in a Special Air
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00224-00049587-00049778 Service Officer escaped from the camp in
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00225-00049779-00050057 April 1945 disguised as French soldiers
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00226-00050058-00050348 des granges was also able to escape from
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00227-00050349-00050546 captivity travelling via Spain to
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00228-00050547-00050693 Britain where he joined the Special
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00229-00050694-00051026 Operations Executive SOE captain Hays
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00230-00051027-00051194 unable to reach the MTB
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00231-00051195-00051355 had started swimming away from the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00232-00051357-00051548 shooting and came ashore beside hasni
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00233-00051549-00051791 Aires and Besson he managed to evade
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00234-00051791-00051979 capture and made contact with a local
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00235-00051980-00052129 French family who provided him with
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00236-00052130-00052316 civilian clothing and contacted the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00237-00052316-00052567 French Resistance Hayes was taken by
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00238-00052569-00052754 train to leisure and after several weeks
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00239-00052754-00053024 reached Paris Hayes was moved along an
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00240-00053025-00053167 escape line to the Spanish border
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00241-00053169-00053416 arriving in October 1942
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00242-00053416-00053669 after crossing into Spain he was stopped
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00243-00053670-00053861 by Spanish border guards who handed him
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00244-00053862-00054119 over to the Germans Hayes was returned
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00245-00054120-00054290 to Paris and imprisoned in Fresno's
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00246-00054291-00054470 prison he was kept in solitary
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00247-00054471-00054689 confinement for nine months before being
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00248-00054690-00054932 executed by firing squad on the 13th of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00249-00054933-00055295 July 1943 Hayes had landed in uniform
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00250-00055296-00055417 and should have been considered a
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00251-00055419-00055607 prisoner of war but he was executed
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00252-00055608-00055751 following the issue of the commando
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00253-00055752-00055922 order which called for the execution of
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00254-00055923-00056176 all commandos upon capture it was
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00255-00056177-00056354 discovered after the war that Hayes had
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00256-00056354-00056519 been betrayed to the Germans who were
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00257-00056520-00056701 aware of all his movements from Normandy
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00258-00056702-00056939 to the Spanish border the persons
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00259-00056940-00057122 believed responsible for Hayes betrayal
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00260-00057123-00057287 were never punished as they convinced
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00261-00057288-00057422 the authorities they were acting as
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00262-00057423-00057607 double agents despite the results of the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00263-00057608-00057797 operation the SOP and combined
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00264-00057798-00057965 operations headquarters believed that
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00265-00057966-00058160 the SS RF could still be of use and
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00266-00058161-00058332 ensured that it was not dissolved
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00267-00058333-00058553 command of the unit was given to the
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00268-00058554-00058835 newly promoted Maj Appleyard at the end
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00269-00058836-00059132 of 1942 most of ss RF were moved to
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00270-00059133-00059317 Algeria and absorbed into the second
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00271-00059319-00059579 Special Air Service regiment Appleyard
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00272-00059579-00059810 did not survive the war he was returning
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00273-00059811-00059999 from a Special Air Service mission when
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00274-00060000-00060229 his plane was reported missing it was
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00275-00060230-00060410 the same day that captain Hayes was
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00276-00060411-00061014 executed in Paris
+UX5iXvKv2jy-00277-00061015-00061776 topic notes footnotes citations
+UY8vwwPAayU-00000-00000051-00000340 game over huh Nintendo's apt in American
+UY8vwwPAayU-00001-00000341-00000521 industry captured your dollars and
+UY8vwwPAayU-00002-00000522-00000689 enslaved your children as a nonfiction
+UY8vwwPAayU-00003-00000690-00000877 book written by David Sheff and
+UY8vwwPAayU-00004-00000878-00001086 published by Random House New York in
+UY8vwwPAayU-00005-00001087-00001694 1993
+UY8vwwPAayU-00006-00001695-00002209 topic overview
+UY8vwwPAayU-00007-00002210-00002451 the book details the modern history of
+UY8vwwPAayU-00008-00002452-00002652 Nintendo and its rise to become the most
+UY8vwwPAayU-00009-00002653-00002875 powerful electronic gaming company in
+UY8vwwPAayU-00010-00002876-00003190 the world as of 1993 the book also
+UY8vwwPAayU-00011-00003191-00003358 provides a history of the worldwide
+UY8vwwPAayU-00012-00003359-00003586 electronic gaming industry as a whole
+UY8vwwPAayU-00013-00003586-00003868 from the 1960s to the 1990s although
+UY8vwwPAayU-00014-00003869-00004081 barring a very specific title the book
+UY8vwwPAayU-00015-00004082-00004306 is fairly neutral it mainly relates the
+UY8vwwPAayU-00016-00004307-00004479 history of the company while looking at
+UY8vwwPAayU-00017-00004480-00004654 both the positives and negatives of
+UY8vwwPAayU-00018-00004655-00004945 their business practices chef to suggest
+UY8vwwPAayU-00019-00004946-00005146 that many of Nintendo's successes are
+UY8vwwPAayU-00020-00005147-00005320 attributable to what reviewer james
+UY8vwwPAayU-00021-00005321-00005566 Fallows termed the Japanese system's
+UY8vwwPAayU-00022-00005567-00005881 tolerance for monopolies chef also
+UY8vwwPAayU-00023-00005882-00006091 defends the accuracy of the enslaved
+UY8vwwPAayU-00024-00006092-00006363 your children portion of the subtitle
+UY8vwwPAayU-00025-00006364-00006592 stating that kids will play the games
+UY8vwwPAayU-00026-00006593-00006873 compulsively and non-stop the author
+UY8vwwPAayU-00027-00006875-00007035 extensively interviewed numerous
+UY8vwwPAayU-00028-00007036-00007279 established figures in the industry such
+UY8vwwPAayU-00029-00007280-00007534 as Howard Lincoln Nolan Bushnell Shigeru
+UY8vwwPAayU-00030-00007534-00007879 Miyamoto misspelled des Segura in the
+UY8vwwPAayU-00031-00007880-00008029 book if one regards Hepburn romanization
+UY8vwwPAayU-00032-00008030-00008305 as definitive alexey pajitnov
+UY8vwwPAayU-00033-00008306-00008496 and others including people who spoke
+UY8vwwPAayU-00034-00008497-00008788 anonymously this level of access to
+UY8vwwPAayU-00035-00008789-00008959 major figures in Nintendo's history
+UY8vwwPAayU-00036-00008960-00009160 which u.s. gamer described as
+UY8vwwPAayU-00037-00009161-00009489 unprecedented made game over the
+UY8vwwPAayU-00038-00009490-00009745 definitive work which was referenced by
+UY8vwwPAayU-00039-00009746-00009952 nearly all other subsequent books and
+UY8vwwPAayU-00040-00009953-00010108 articles about Nintendo's history
+UY8vwwPAayU-00041-00010109-00010324 portions of the book were originally
+UY8vwwPAayU-00042-00010325-00010558 published in San Francisco focus men's
+UY8vwwPAayU-00043-00010559-00011328 life Rolling Stone and Playboy magazines
+UY8vwwPAayU-00044-00011329-00011962 topic revisions since its initial
+UY8vwwPAayU-00045-00011963-00012192 publication GAMEOVER has been reprinted
+UY8vwwPAayU-00046-00012193-00012453 with many different subtitles one
+UY8vwwPAayU-00047-00012454-00012583 example is game over
+UY8vwwPAayU-00048-00012584-00012771 Nintendo's battle to dominate video
+UY8vwwPAayU-00049-00012772-00012988 games game over
+UY8vwwPAayU-00050-00012988-00013155 how Nintendo conquered the world an
+UY8vwwPAayU-00051-00013156-00013363 edition published by vintage press in
+UY8vwwPAayU-00052-00013363-00013638 1994 contains a new foreword written by
+UY8vwwPAayU-00053-00013640-00013819 author David Sheff pertaining to the
+UY8vwwPAayU-00054-00013819-00014041 controversy over video game content in
+UY8vwwPAayU-00055-00014041-00014458 the early 1990s in 1999 a revised
+UY8vwwPAayU-00056-00014459-00014665 edition of the book titled game over
+UY8vwwPAayU-00057-00014666-00014872 press Start to continue the maturing of
+UY8vwwPAayU-00058-00014872-00015091 Mario referencing Nintendo's famous
+UY8vwwPAayU-00059-00015091-00015385 character Mario was released among error
+UY8vwwPAayU-00060-00015386-00015616 Corrections photographs and new chapters
+UY8vwwPAayU-00061-00015616-00015790 written by Andy Eddy were added an
+UY8vwwPAayU-00062-00015791-00016000 edited version was printed by Coronet
+UY8vwwPAayU-00063-00016001-00016174 books and given away free with the May
+UY8vwwPAayU-00064-00016175-00016927 1999 issue of arcade magazine
+UY8vwwPAayU-00065-00016928-00017261 topic reception
+UY8vwwPAayU-00066-00017262-00017443 you
+UY8vwwPAayU-00067-00017444-00017710 next generation gave the book a positive
+UY8vwwPAayU-00068-00017711-00017917 review praising the breath quality of
+UY8vwwPAayU-00069-00017918-00018178 research and easy readability they
+UY8vwwPAayU-00070-00018179-00018361 remarked that the one flaw is that the
+UY8vwwPAayU-00071-00018362-00018565 frequent detours from the Nintendo story
+UY8vwwPAayU-00072-00018566-00018712 give the reader the feeling that the
+UY8vwwPAayU-00073-00018713-00018916 book is an overview of gaming history in
+UY8vwwPAayU-00074-00018917-00019105 general with an unbalanced focus on
+UY8vwwPAayU-00075-00019106-00019417 Nintendo they concluded next generation
+UY8vwwPAayU-00076-00019418-00019624 uses game over as a reference guide on a
+UY8vwwPAayU-00077-00019625-00019828 day to day basis and we really can't
+UY8vwwPAayU-00078-00019829-00020206 give any higher recommendation than that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00002-00008484-00008878 baby you're in your jeans
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00003-00008879-00009063 i think you're on go ahead
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00004-00009064-00009255 hey
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00005-00009256-00009639 how are you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00006-00009640-00009951 is that tim or adam i can't see
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00007-00009952-00010503 hi adam
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00008-00010504-00010638 yeah
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00009-00010639-00011246 i hear me i hear me good and loud
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00010-00011247-00011791 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00011-00011792-00012078 um i guess
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00012-00012079-00012478 i can hear it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00013-00012479-00013204 more piano please
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00014-00013205-00013929 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00015-00013930-00014766 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00016-00014768-00014958 the time
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00017-00014959-00015135 has come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00018-00015136-00015258 the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00019-00015259-00015558 walrus said
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00020-00015559-00015927 talk of many
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00021-00015928-00016271 things
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00022-00016272-00016622 of shoes and ships
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00023-00016623-00016730 and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00024-00016731-00016999 sealing wax
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00025-00017000-00017173 of cabbages
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00026-00017174-00017343 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00027-00017344-00017750 and kings
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00028-00017751-00018103 the heart was numb
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00029-00018104-00018641 the word was
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00030-00018642-00019222 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00031-00019223-00019391 and so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00032-00019392-00019567 at last
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00033-00019568-00019643 the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00034-00019644-00019943 time has come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00035-00019944-00020311 to cast away
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00036-00020312-00020786 our fears
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00037-00020787-00021078 practical advice
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00039-00024831-00027590 do
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00041-00037463-00040351 do
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00045-00093056-00093223 this evening at north hollywood church
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00046-00093224-00093511 of religious science for our pre-service
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00047-00093512-00094182 meditation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00048-00094183-00094335 let's just all take a deep breath
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00049-00094336-00094535 together
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00050-00094536-00094887 and breathe into the silence
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00051-00094888-00095087 feeling the presence of god that lives
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00052-00095088-00095559 within us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00053-00095560-00095847 we're just going to know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00054-00095848-00096031 that god is here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00055-00096032-00096182 expressing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00056-00096183-00096399 in through and as each and every person
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00057-00096400-00096615 here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00058-00096616-00096815 i invite you simply to get still and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00059-00096816-00096974 close your eyes
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00060-00096975-00097303 as we play god is the love that i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00061-00097304-00097550 you may sit and listen or you're welcome
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00062-00097551-00097767 to chant along
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00063-00097768-00098247 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00064-00098248-00099051 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00065-00099052-00100655 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00066-00100656-00101139 cause
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00067-00101140-00102103 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00068-00102104-00102766 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00069-00102767-00102969 that i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00070-00102970-00104398 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00071-00104399-00105985 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00072-00105986-00106358 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00073-00106359-00106686 oh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00074-00106688-00108020 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00075-00108021-00108390 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00076-00108391-00108911 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00077-00108913-00110319 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00078-00110320-00110810 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00079-00110811-00111766 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00080-00111767-00111956 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00081-00111957-00113215 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00082-00113216-00113561 last
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00083-00113563-00113702 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00084-00113703-00114958 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00085-00114959-00115151 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00086-00115152-00115602 oh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00087-00115603-00116216 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00088-00116217-00117078 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00089-00117079-00117558 oh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00090-00117559-00118063 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00091-00118064-00118421 uh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00092-00118422-00120002 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00093-00120003-00120302 the love
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00094-00120303-00120971 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00095-00120972-00121305 the love
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00096-00121306-00122408 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00097-00122409-00123041 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00098-00123042-00123839 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00099-00123840-00124454 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00100-00124455-00125048 no
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00101-00125049-00125302 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00102-00125303-00126003 oh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00103-00126004-00127286 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00104-00127288-00127616 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00105-00127617-00128199 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00106-00128200-00128629 oh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00107-00128630-00129927 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00108-00129928-00130155 now
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00109-00130156-00131102 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00110-00131103-00131917 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00111-00131918-00133527 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00112-00133528-00134014 is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00113-00134015-00134966 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00114-00134967-00135423 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00115-00135424-00135986 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00116-00135987-00136764 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00117-00136765-00138098 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00118-00138099-00138351 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00119-00138352-00139319 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00120-00139320-00139558 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00121-00139559-00140766 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00122-00140767-00141150 cosmos
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00123-00141151-00142223 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00124-00142224-00142356 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00125-00142357-00143140 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00126-00143141-00143678 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00127-00143679-00144128 uh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00128-00144129-00146232 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00129-00146233-00146847 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00130-00146848-00147041 oh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00131-00147042-00147707 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00132-00147708-00148249 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00133-00148250-00148502 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00134-00148503-00149429 oh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00135-00149430-00150439 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00136-00150440-00150819 uh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00137-00150820-00152159 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00138-00152160-00152559 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00139-00152560-00153352 is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00140-00153353-00153831 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00141-00153832-00154790 cause
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00142-00154791-00155282 uh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00143-00155283-00156814 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00144-00156815-00157023 welcome to those of us who have joined
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00145-00157024-00157183 those of you who have joined us here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00146-00157184-00157366 this evening while meditation was in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00147-00157367-00157463 progress
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00148-00157464-00157687 i am we are so very glad that you are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00149-00157688-00157878 here with us this evening either
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00150-00157879-00158095 virtually or in person
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00151-00158096-00158311 let us begin with our opening chant god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00152-00158312-00158645 is in this place
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00153-00158646-00160135 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00154-00160136-00160637 god is in this place
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00155-00160638-00161401 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00156-00161402-00161598 [Applause]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00157-00161599-00162543 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00158-00162544-00162888 this place
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00159-00162889-00164007 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00160-00164008-00165126 this holy place
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00161-00165127-00165343 joy
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00162-00165344-00165881 is in this place
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00163-00165882-00166807 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00164-00166808-00167223 is in this holy
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00165-00167224-00167858 place
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00166-00167859-00168135 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00167-00168136-00168238 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00168-00168239-00168447 is in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00169-00168448-00169190 this place
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00170-00169191-00169599 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00171-00169600-00169838 and so indeed god is in this place so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00172-00169839-00170078 let us join together in prayer just
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00173-00170079-00170326 becoming more conscious of our awareness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00174-00170327-00170590 of god being in this place and in this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00175-00170591-00170895 place inside each and every one of us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00176-00170896-00171190 god it never abandons us god is always
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00177-00171191-00171487 with us god is that right consciousness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00178-00171488-00171711 that guides us through every moment of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00179-00171712-00171911 every day when we take time to pay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00180-00171912-00172031 attention
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00181-00172032-00172231 and i know right now that my attention
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00182-00172232-00172471 is on my inner goodness the highest
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00183-00172472-00172726 goodness that i'm able to express in the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00184-00172727-00172959 moment this is something i strive for
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00185-00172960-00173151 and declare that each and every person
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00186-00173152-00173454 here is able to do that we can always
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00187-00173455-00173687 find that inner spark that awareness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00188-00173688-00173926 that guides us to say the right thing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00189-00173927-00174166 at the right time and we help one
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00190-00174167-00174390 another and ourselves to feel better to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00191-00174391-00174590 become aware of this consciousness which
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00192-00174591-00174887 we call love and joy and togetherness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00193-00174888-00175175 and forgiveness and gratitude that is in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00194-00175176-00175447 this place that i call my heart which is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00195-00175448-00175687 my where god lives but god lives in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00196-00175688-00175966 every pore every cell of my body as i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00197-00175967-00176159 know it does for each and every person
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00198-00176160-00176247 here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00199-00176248-00176438 and it is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00200-00176439-00176638 with a happy heart that i become more
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00201-00176639-00176895 and more aware of this and all that i do
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00202-00176896-00177231 think say and pray and i am so grateful
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00203-00177232-00177414 for everyone who is able to join us here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00204-00177415-00177695 this evening virtually or in person or
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00205-00177696-00177959 just in mind in thought that i know that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00206-00177960-00178078 your thoughts
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00207-00178079-00178326 and prayers are here with us each and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00208-00178327-00178543 every one of us creating
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00209-00178544-00178775 a higher level of consciousness as we go
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00210-00178776-00178902 through our days
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00211-00178903-00179071 i am grateful for the church i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00212-00179072-00179311 grateful for the thought that keeps us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00213-00179312-00179478 in place here i am grateful for the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00214-00179479-00179647 ministers and practitioners and the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00215-00179648-00179911 board of musicians and the congregation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00216-00179912-00180119 that supports our being here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00217-00180120-00180335 and it is with a happy heart i release
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00218-00180336-00180543 his prayer into the law of mine where
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00219-00180544-00180719 it's made beautifully and eloquently
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00220-00180720-00180943 manifest in through and as each and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00221-00180944-00181295 every person and together we simply say
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00222-00181296-00181575 amen
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00223-00181576-00181823 please join me in the lord's prayer
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00224-00181824-00181966 our father
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00225-00181967-00182151 who art in heaven
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00226-00182152-00182359 hallowed be thy name
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00227-00182360-00182535 thy kingdom come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00228-00182536-00182711 thy will be done
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00229-00182712-00182999 in earth as it is in heaven
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00230-00183000-00183302 give me this day our daily bread
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00231-00183303-00183583 and forgive us our trespasses as we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00232-00183584-00183902 forgive those who trespass against us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00233-00183903-00184183 and lead us not into temptation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00234-00184184-00184383 deliver us from error
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00235-00184384-00184575 for thine is the kingdom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00236-00184576-00184687 the power
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00237-00184688-00184926 and the glory forever
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00238-00184927-00185450 amen
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00239-00185451-00186335 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00240-00186336-00186511 the time
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00241-00186512-00186702 has come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00242-00186703-00186826 the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00243-00186827-00187087 walrus said
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00244-00187088-00187502 to talk of many
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00245-00187503-00187847 things
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00246-00187848-00188190 of shoes and ships
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00247-00188191-00188307 and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00248-00188308-00188575 sealing wax
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00249-00188576-00188811 of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00250-00188812-00189319 cabbages and kings
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00251-00189320-00189678 the heart was numb
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00252-00189679-00190047 the word was mama
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00253-00190048-00190190 for for
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00254-00190191-00190271 too
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00255-00190272-00190799 many
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00256-00190800-00190959 and so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00257-00190960-00191143 at last
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00258-00191144-00191478 the time has come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00259-00191479-00191863 to cast away
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00260-00191864-00192319 our fears
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00261-00192320-00192454 practical
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00262-00192455-00192638 advice
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00263-00192639-00192999 like take it slow think twice
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00264-00193000-00193269 might very well suffice
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00265-00193270-00193726 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00266-00193727-00194078 but such as we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00267-00194079-00194584 who choose to see
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00268-00194585-00194975 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00269-00194976-00195183 to seek
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00270-00195184-00195278 to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00271-00195279-00195526 heed the night
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00272-00195527-00195638 to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00273-00195639-00196319 heal the right to hide
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00274-00196320-00196395 drum
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00275-00196396-00196631 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00276-00196632-00196878 for us the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00277-00196879-00197248 time has come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00278-00197249-00198678 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00279-00198679-00200326 my
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00280-00200327-00200447 practical
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00281-00200448-00200614 advice
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00282-00200615-00200990 like take it slow think twice
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00283-00200991-00201702 my very well suffice for some
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00284-00201703-00202047 but such as we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00285-00202048-00202131 who
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00286-00202132-00202573 choose to see
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00287-00202574-00202883 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00288-00202884-00203166 refuse to see
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00289-00203167-00203526 who braved the night
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00290-00203527-00203887 to save the right
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00291-00203888-00204631 to hide
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00292-00204632-00204871 for us the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00293-00204871-00205110 time has
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00294-00205111-00205247 come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00295-00205248-00205390 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00296-00205391-00205638 the time for
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00297-00205639-00205782 us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00298-00205783-00206142 has come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00299-00206144-00206431 for us the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00300-00206432-00206590 time
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00301-00206591-00206782 has
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00302-00206783-00207073 come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00303-00207075-00207669 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00304-00207671-00208134 [Applause]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00305-00208135-00208262 who wrote that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00306-00208263-00208351 marshall
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00307-00208352-00208614 oh i was not even close
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00308-00208615-00208886 it was gorgeous thank you thank you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00309-00208887-00209031 thank you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00310-00209032-00209262 for us the time has come well hello
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00311-00209263-00209375 welcome
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00312-00209376-00209527 hey zoomers
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00313-00209528-00209791 facebookers live streamers whatever form
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00314-00209792-00209998 you are joining us tonight we're glad
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00315-00210000-00210263 you're here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00316-00210264-00210382 and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00317-00210383-00210623 continuing on with uh what we've been
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00318-00210623-00210782 discussing for the last several weeks
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00319-00210783-00211094 the season for non-violence today my
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00320-00211096-00211558 topic is inner and outer freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00321-00211559-00211751 so this is the description whenever i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00322-00211752-00211942 come up with a topic i have to write a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00323-00211944-00212127 paragraph for myself
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00324-00212128-00212423 and sometimes i'll give it to whoever is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00325-00212423-00212639 take putting stuff up on the website and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00326-00212640-00212806 all of that so that there's a bit of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00327-00212807-00212998 promo for it but it's mostly for me so i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00328-00213000-00213134 know what the heck i'm going to talk
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00329-00213135-00213246 about
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00330-00213248-00213439 and what i wrote
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00331-00213440-00213639 was this freedom in the world is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00332-00213640-00213927 intimately connected to the freedom each
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00333-00213928-00214134 of us allows within
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00334-00214135-00214327 every time you and i free ourselves from
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00335-00214328-00214519 our own beliefs of shame and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00336-00214519-00214655 unworthiness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00337-00214656-00214863 we contribute to the freedom in the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00338-00214864-00215046 outer world as well
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00339-00215048-00215255 from there we can serve our world in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00340-00215256-00215527 wholeness and support everyone in living
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00341-00215528-00215694 lives of freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00342-00215696-00215991 safety and peace
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00343-00215992-00216110 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00344-00216111-00216310 season for non-violence as some of you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00345-00216311-00216534 may be aware was started several years
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00346-00216535-00216631 ago
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00347-00216632-00216823 as a tribute
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00348-00216823-00216919 to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00349-00216919-00217151 dr martin luther king jr
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00350-00217152-00217375 and mohatmus gandhi
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00351-00217376-00217606 and it is based on the principles that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00352-00217607-00217751 they taught
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00353-00217752-00217927 and it is a period that goes from the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00354-00217928-00218134 anniversary of the death of gandhi's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00355-00218135-00218310 assassination to the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00356-00218311-00218494 anniversary of martin luther king's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00357-00218496-00218734 assassination and so sorry i have to say
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00358-00218735-00219039 this right dr martin luther king
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00359-00219040-00219342 that doctor is essential in my mind for
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00360-00219344-00219503 so anyway
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00361-00219504-00219871 and the idea of this is that we look at
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00362-00219871-00220191 those areas within ourselves
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00363-00220192-00220398 in which we might might have been
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00364-00220400-00220582 contributing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00365-00220583-00220863 or holding in place systems
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00366-00220864-00221079 that are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00367-00221080-00221310 less than peaceful
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00368-00221311-00221446 less than loving
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00369-00221448-00221623 less than just
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00370-00221623-00221919 so that we might begin to interrogate
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00371-00221919-00222023 them
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00372-00222023-00222127 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00373-00222128-00222406 dissolve them disempower them
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00374-00222407-00222687 heal all of that so that we are no
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00375-00222688-00222975 longer contributing or projecting out
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00376-00222976-00223198 into the world our own fears our own
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00377-00223200-00223351 limitations
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00378-00223352-00223623 our our superstitions
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00379-00223623-00223710 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00380-00223711-00223863 you know you might have heard the phrase
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00381-00223864-00224158 hurt people hurt people
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00382-00224159-00224439 and that's kind of the idea really in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00383-00224440-00224598 fact it's definitely the idea it's what
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00384-00224600-00224823 we know here in this teaching that all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00385-00224823-00225063 work starts within all healing starts
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00386-00225064-00225175 within
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00387-00225176-00225463 all forgiveness is self-forgiveness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00388-00225464-00225663 all of that which we desire to see in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00389-00225664-00225919 our lives starts first
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00390-00225919-00226231 with a change in our awareness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00391-00226232-00226471 that first of all that it's possible
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00392-00226471-00226775 that we are worthy and that we actually
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00393-00226776-00227015 are already sourced and surrounded by
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00394-00227016-00227271 everything we need because we live
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00395-00227271-00227398 in this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00396-00227400-00227494 this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00397-00227496-00227815 infinite potentiality this pool this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00398-00227816-00228046 this substance this energy this flow
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00399-00228048-00228391 this this limitless circle that is god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00400-00228392-00228631 saint augustine said it is that presence
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00401-00228632-00228871 whose center is everywhere and whose
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00402-00228871-00229103 circumference is nowhere
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00403-00229104-00229382 and so when we know that god is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00404-00229383-00229558 centered in us and we are centered in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00405-00229559-00229694 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00406-00229696-00229975 and as we practice that and really take
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00407-00229976-00230319 that in take that in take that in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00408-00230319-00230591 then we have less need
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00409-00230592-00230894 less desire less urgency
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00410-00230896-00231015 to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00411-00231016-00231175 blame the world
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00412-00231176-00231423 for situations in our own lives our own
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00413-00231423-00231734 experiences and it allows us to grow up
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00414-00231735-00231982 and to become mature beings to become
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00415-00231983-00232239 adults spiritual adults spiritual men
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00416-00232240-00232423 and women
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00417-00232423-00232671 so this idea of freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00418-00232671-00232846 i was really looking at it because i it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00419-00232848-00233687 would be easy to go to that place of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00420-00233688-00233871 freedom in america freedom for all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00421-00233871-00234151 people and you know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00422-00234152-00234342 the collective ideas about freedom all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00423-00234344-00234567 of that it's really important and we we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00424-00234567-00234758 work with that of course all the time
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00425-00234759-00234967 but i wanted to go deeper tonight so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00426-00234967-00235294 that we can really own our part
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00427-00235296-00235494 and creating a world that's free and it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00428-00235496-00235639 starts within
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00429-00235640-00235863 so as i was
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00430-00235864-00236103 just dancing with this idea in my mind i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00431-00236104-00236406 thought of the words to um you know that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00432-00236407-00236487 from
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00433-00236488-00236646 she didn't write them but she is one of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00434-00236648-00236894 the iconic mystics of our generation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00435-00236896-00237142 janice joplin
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00436-00237144-00237423 and the words from bobby mcgee she said
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00437-00237423-00237719 freedom's just another word for nothing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00438-00237719-00237894 left to lose
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00439-00237896-00238079 and i started working with that today
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00440-00238080-00238406 and i thought well i will never be that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00441-00238407-00238527 zen
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00442-00238528-00238782 i will never be there
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00443-00238783-00238967 however one of the greatest things which
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00444-00238967-00239215 you and i can learn and practice is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00445-00239216-00239419 non-attachment
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00446-00239419-00239687 non-attachment and so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00447-00239688-00239839 i have to start with me and the first
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00448-00239840-00239991 thing i did was well what are the kinds
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00449-00239992-00240191 of attachment that i am working with the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00450-00240192-00240391 most right now and i have two kinds
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00451-00240392-00240687 material and emotional attachment
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00452-00240688-00240903 so the material attachment
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00453-00240904-00241079 and this is the stuff that enslaves us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00454-00241080-00241294 by the way this is the inner freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00455-00241296-00241382 part
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00456-00241383-00241494 if we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00457-00241496-00241694 caught by this if we are keeping the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00458-00241696-00241951 systems in place within ourselves that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00459-00241952-00242327 keep us from being free and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00460-00242328-00242591 um completely liberated liberated and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00461-00242592-00242823 independent and moving into a great
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00462-00242823-00243158 experience of joyful loving happy living
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00463-00243159-00243446 then we are not free so for me the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00464-00243448-00243655 material attachment is things like
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00465-00243656-00244006 my shoes oh god my shoes
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00466-00244007-00244239 my appearance my things and the problem
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00467-00244240-00244423 isn't the things themselves okay it's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00468-00244423-00244687 the way we define ourselves or value our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00469-00244688-00244839 lives
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00470-00244840-00245110 according to our things right
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00471-00245111-00245358 so while i like to think of myself as
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00472-00245359-00245534 not being completely attached to and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00473-00245535-00245694 trapped by my stuff
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00474-00245696-00245927 the truth is that i love my creature
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00475-00245928-00246230 comforts i love beauty i really enjoy my
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00476-00246231-00246510 books i love my bed i love my coffee
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00477-00246511-00246742 maker and you know i love my shoes
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00478-00246744-00246879 apparently
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00479-00246880-00247063 having a lot of stuff though means
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00480-00247064-00247327 having a lot of responsibility so you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00481-00247328-00247510 know maintaining my stuff is a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00482-00247511-00247679 responsibility it takes time and effort
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00483-00247680-00248006 to maintain my books my bed my coffee
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00484-00248007-00248239 maker and you know the shoes
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00485-00248240-00248367 but there's and there's nothing wrong
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00486-00248367-00248519 with any of that unless i'm more
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00487-00248519-00248734 concerned about my things and my
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00488-00248735-00249030 relationship to them than the meaning in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00489-00249031-00249151 my life
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00490-00249152-00249398 the meaning in my life
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00491-00249400-00249646 so in man's search for meaning by viktor
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00492-00249648-00249894 frankl
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00493-00249896-00250079 he wrote this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00494-00250080-00250375 when a man cannot find meaning he numbs
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00495-00250376-00250639 himself with pleasure
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00496-00250640-00250910 when a man or woman cannot find meaning
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00497-00250911-00251206 we numb ourselves with pleasure
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00498-00251207-00251527 so when distraction and pleasure occupy
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00499-00251528-00251710 a greater space in our lives than
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00500-00251711-00251823 meaning
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00501-00251823-00252103 i believe there is no freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00502-00252104-00252358 what masquerades as freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00503-00252359-00252510 is actually
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00504-00252511-00252975 permissiveness rebellion and narcissism
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00505-00252976-00253215 so when we give ourselves permission to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00506-00253216-00253415 have all that stuff to do all that stuff
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00507-00253416-00253671 because that's what that's what we feel
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00508-00253671-00253903 charges us and gets us going and excites
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00509-00253904-00254094 us and and gives us the meaning and the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00510-00254096-00254246 power and all of the joy that we want in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00511-00254248-00254494 our lives we are actually in a state of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00512-00254496-00254742 permissiveness radical permissiveness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00513-00254744-00255087 and rebellion and narcissism let me go
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00514-00255088-00255230 let me go a little bit deeper it's a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00515-00255231-00255455 very immature
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00516-00255456-00255639 emotional place to be
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00517-00255640-00255991 toddlers are the master of narcissism
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00518-00255992-00256230 and rebellion and that's exactly what
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00519-00256231-00256455 they're supposed to be that's their job
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00520-00256456-00256623 and the idea is that they're always
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00521-00256623-00256894 angling for you know the permissiveness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00522-00256896-00257094 so they're always going to be there so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00523-00257096-00257327 besides the whole material attachment
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00524-00257328-00257406 thing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00525-00257407-00257606 that i reckon with i'm also aware that i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00526-00257607-00257806 might have some issues around emotional
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00527-00257807-00258167 attachment anybody here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00528-00258167-00258382 i define emotional attachment as needing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00529-00258383-00258558 to have everything turned out the way i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00530-00258559-00258767 think it should
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00531-00258767-00259006 right seems really easy
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00532-00259007-00259142 you know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00533-00259144-00259287 and you might do this if you feel
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00534-00259288-00259439 sometimes that people just aren't
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00535-00259440-00259782 behaving the way you think they should
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00536-00259783-00259894 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00537-00259896-00260039 if you're trying to control their
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00538-00260040-00260287 behavior or their choices
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00539-00260288-00260455 you might want to look at that you know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00540-00260456-00260742 parenting is one long lesson and healing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00541-00260744-00260958 your own emotional attachments to having
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00542-00260959-00261079 your own way
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00543-00261080-00261319 or at the very least being fine when you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00544-00261319-00261606 don't get your own way which is all the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00545-00261607-00261775 time
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00546-00261776-00261942 sounds like toddler consciousness again
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00547-00261944-00262046 right
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00548-00262048-00262334 so i think in many ways our american
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00549-00262335-00262615 collective psyche is in a prolonged
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00550-00262616-00262958 toddler stage
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00551-00262959-00263063 you know i used to think it was
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00552-00263064-00263271 prolonged adolescence
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00553-00263272-00263415 considering the age of our country
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00554-00263416-00263615 relative to other countries
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00555-00263616-00263734 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00556-00263735-00263903 i think it's mostly toddler there is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00557-00263904-00264063 some adolescence in there because you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00558-00264064-00264230 know anyone who's been around a teenager
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00559-00264231-00264358 you know that sometimes it's as if
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00560-00264359-00264527 there's a regression that takes place
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00561-00264528-00264751 and they go back to i want it and i want
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00562-00264752-00264847 it now
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00563-00264848-00265110 that that frame of mind
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00564-00265111-00265255 but i think right now we are all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00565-00265256-00265471 learning vital lessons of growth and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00566-00265472-00265727 maturity this doesn't mean everyone is a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00567-00265728-00265927 baby although i can cop to be in a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00568-00265928-00266134 spoiled brat sometimes when my third
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00569-00266135-00266423 world problems seem insurmountable
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00570-00266424-00266558 you know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00571-00266559-00266782 not enough closet space i'm out of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00572-00266783-00266975 sparkling water
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00573-00266976-00267230 or man my amazon delivery was supposed
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00574-00267231-00267399 to be here yesterday
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00575-00267400-00267567 those are the third world problems i'm
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00576-00267568-00267775 talking about and this toddler
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00577-00267776-00268023 consciousness is fascinating
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00578-00268024-00268215 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00579-00268216-00268423 they toddlers and young children and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00580-00268424-00268687 adolescents have these traits in common
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00581-00268688-00268882 they blame others for their
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00582-00268883-00269047 problems
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00583-00269048-00269223 they want what they want when they want
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00584-00269224-00269455 it when they don't get their way they
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00585-00269456-00269847 yell that it's not fair
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00586-00269848-00270063 and compassion for others is still
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00587-00270064-00270191 mostly a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00588-00270192-00270582 a work in progress or a theoretical idea
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00589-00270583-00270767 anyone know any children or adolescents
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00590-00270768-00270927 who behave that way
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00591-00270928-00271151 anyone know any adults
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00592-00271152-00271382 yeah anyone close to you no one here i'm
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00593-00271383-00271679 certain no one here i'm sure that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00594-00271680-00271895 so this mindset of blame judgment and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00595-00271896-00272167 it's just not fair is the mindset you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00596-00272168-00272382 and i have to transcend
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00597-00272383-00272567 we must liberate ourselves from if we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00598-00272568-00272839 want to be happy if we want to be free
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00599-00272840-00273055 we must explore this mindset within
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00600-00273056-00273415 ourselves and disempower it if we want
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00601-00273416-00273534 to have
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00602-00273535-00273815 meaning in our lives
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00603-00273816-00273967 meaning
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00604-00273968-00274223 the mindset of blame judgment and it's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00605-00274224-00274479 just not fair is a default mindset by
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00606-00274480-00274687 the way it's convenient
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00607-00274688-00275015 and also completely useless
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00608-00275016-00275327 it's completely used it offers no power
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00609-00275328-00275558 no freedom no responsibility no
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00610-00275559-00275695 accountability
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00611-00275696-00276039 it's completely dependent and there's no
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00612-00276040-00276415 freedom at all within it none whatsoever
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00613-00276416-00276630 socrates wrote that the unexamined life
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00614-00276631-00276806 is not worth living
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00615-00276807-00277287 and our unexamined default mindsets
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00616-00277288-00277582 are in great need of examination
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00617-00277583-00277975 and healing and transformation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00618-00277976-00278406 i think anybody else
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00619-00278407-00278663 there can be no freedom when our default
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00620-00278664-00278839 is blame judgment
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00621-00278840-00279119 fear and comparison
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00622-00279120-00279310 so again here's another little reality
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00623-00279311-00279479 check for you if you find yourself
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00624-00279480-00279743 experiencing road rage at the grocery
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00625-00279744-00279871 store
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00626-00279872-00279999 you may be ready for some
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00627-00280000-00280319 self-examination
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00628-00280320-00280455 and you know what i mean you're in line
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00629-00280456-00280606 and somebody's in front of you and they
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00630-00280607-00280823 just don't do what they're supposed to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00631-00280824-00280991 do all right
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00632-00280992-00281119 so i just want to give you a little
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00633-00281120-00281295 warning here i'm about to talk about the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00634-00281296-00281551 bible so shut the doors
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00635-00281552-00281758 don't anybody get triggered don't check
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00636-00281759-00282055 out don't go unconscious on me
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00637-00282056-00282287 i teach the bible metaphysically and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00638-00282288-00282582 that means that there are hugely deeper
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00639-00282583-00282703 meanings
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00640-00282704-00282982 that go well beyond the words or what
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00641-00282983-00283110 you and i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00642-00283111-00283334 might have been taught as historical or
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00643-00283335-00283471 literal
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00644-00283472-00283679 when we look at the bible we are talking
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00645-00283680-00283799 about
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00646-00283800-00284030 aspects of our own thinking of our own
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00647-00284031-00284263 selves it's perhaps the greatest
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00648-00284264-00284543 psychological book the psychology manual
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00649-00284544-00284791 ever written every name
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00650-00284792-00285119 every number every location every event
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00651-00285120-00285375 has deeper significance and deeper
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00652-00285376-00285615 meaning and these interpretations can
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00653-00285616-00285887 transform how you and i understand
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00654-00285888-00286191 ourselves and the world around us so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00655-00286192-00286343 everybody's still here take a breath
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00656-00286344-00286551 it's bible but it's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00657-00286552-00286758 it's not toxic okay come on just
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00658-00286759-00286975 everybody breathe with me
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00659-00286976-00287151 so here's a little bit of metaphysical
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00660-00287152-00287391 bible 101
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00661-00287392-00287719 adam you remember adam right
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00662-00287720-00288319 the guy in the garden blamed his wife
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00663-00288320-00288527 he represents who we are before we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00664-00288528-00288830 realize our inner divinity our innate
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00665-00288831-00289230 divinity as beloved creations of spirit
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00666-00289231-00289527 he is that toddler
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00667-00289528-00289687 human
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00668-00289688-00289830 earthbound
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00669-00289831-00289958 part of us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00670-00289959-00290199 the sense being of us right the five
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00671-00290200-00290415 senses and if we don't detect it with
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00672-00290416-00290710 our five senses it must not be true
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00673-00290711-00290975 now christ is who we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00674-00290976-00291334 when we realize our oneness within with
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00675-00291335-00291639 and as god now don't get caught in the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00676-00291640-00291903 trap of of thinking oh god she's going
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00677-00291904-00292143 into jesus land i'm i'm going into
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00678-00292144-00292439 metaphysical jesus land okay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00679-00292440-00292567 jesus
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00680-00292568-00292958 is the realization of the divine walking
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00681-00292959-00293223 on the planet okay and that christ part
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00682-00293224-00293327 of us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00683-00293328-00293647 literally means awake anointed it means
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00684-00293648-00293879 the light it is that light within we all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00685-00293880-00293991 have
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00686-00293992-00294254 you can call it your buddha self that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00687-00294255-00294510 christ self the christ light within that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00688-00294511-00294703 christ beingness you can call it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00689-00294704-00294951 whatever you want for the sake of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00690-00294952-00295199 clarity i'll refer to it as that christ
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00691-00295200-00295447 beingness within that christ self
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00692-00295448-00295567 christed
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00693-00295568-00295782 means anointed now it wasn't and i'm
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00694-00295783-00296023 sure a lot of you know this jesus last
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00695-00296024-00296271 name wasn't christ
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00696-00296272-00296527 christ was the title
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00697-00296528-00296943 of teacher wise one anointed awake one
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00698-00296944-00297239 his he would have been referred to as
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00699-00297240-00297439 yeshua ben joseph
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00700-00297440-00297679 son of joseph
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00701-00297680-00297839 so the biggest thing i want to offer you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00702-00297840-00298047 tonight is that the scriptures teach us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00703-00298048-00298334 that we sleep with adam
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00704-00298335-00298575 we sleep with adam we sleep as adam and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00705-00298576-00298695 we wake
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00706-00298696-00299006 with christ as christ in other words we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00707-00299007-00299223 sleep collectively
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00708-00299224-00299503 and we wake individually
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00709-00299504-00299871 so take that in for a minute we sleep
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00710-00299872-00300158 collectively we wake individually
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00711-00300159-00300519 we walk the world collectively
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00712-00300520-00300719 we heal ourselves as we explore our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00713-00300720-00300943 beliefs individually
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00714-00300944-00301182 we might participate in the beliefs
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00715-00301183-00301527 collectively we might join in with ideas
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00716-00301528-00301710 in the what we call the race mind the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00717-00301711-00301958 collective mind all of that but we must
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00718-00301959-00302199 do the work individually
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00719-00302200-00302487 and again what happens is as we do that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00720-00302488-00302751 then the entire energetic vibration of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00721-00302752-00302951 this planet begins
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00722-00302952-00303254 to create in a higher way
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00723-00303255-00303519 so there is that atom self that we sleep
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00724-00303520-00303703 as and that christ self in which we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00725-00303704-00303934 awaken
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00726-00303935-00304143 another way to think of it is we sleep
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00727-00304144-00304471 and numb out in limitation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00728-00304472-00304879 and we awaken to our limitlessness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00729-00304880-00305079 our divine assignment is to awaken to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00730-00305080-00305287 the divine truth of our own being we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00731-00305288-00305575 here to awaken to our christed selves
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00732-00305576-00305782 and to die
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00733-00305783-00306054 to our limited ideas of who and what we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00734-00306055-00306182 are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00735-00306183-00306454 i die daily that's what that means you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00736-00306455-00306679 might have heard that from the bible i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00737-00306680-00306927 die daily it means to die to our sensory
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00738-00306928-00307167 self means to die to our ego to our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00739-00307168-00307454 judgment to those earthbound ideas of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00740-00307455-00307695 limitation of fear of judgment
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00741-00307696-00307910 so that we might
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00742-00307911-00308023 live
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00743-00308024-00308319 be reborn in a consciousness of divine
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00744-00308320-00308606 knowing of possibility possibility of of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00745-00308607-00308815 infinite possibility
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00746-00308816-00308991 so charles fillmore who was the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00747-00308992-00309167 co-founder of unity
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00748-00309168-00309287 has
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00749-00309288-00309510 is well known as one of the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00750-00309511-00309663 most
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00751-00309664-00310063 profound interpreters and um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00752-00310064-00310351 authors of metaphysical bible studies
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00753-00310352-00310543 and this is one of the things that i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00754-00310544-00310751 found and he defined this idea of dying
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00755-00310752-00310882 to self
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00756-00310883-00311175 signifies man's willingness to die to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00757-00311176-00311391 the little personal self so that he may
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00758-00311392-00311695 be or she may be absorbed into divine
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00759-00311696-00312023 mind think about that when we let go of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00760-00312024-00312254 that stuff which has held us down which
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00761-00312255-00312454 has entrapped us kept us from being free
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00762-00312455-00312703 and we allow ourselves
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00763-00312704-00313015 to be absorbed into the awareness of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00764-00313016-00313271 divine mind we lay down the mortal
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00765-00313272-00313399 thought of life and take up the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00766-00313400-00313695 spiritual idea of life it opens the door
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00767-00313696-00314030 to the realization that the i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00768-00314031-00314351 the i am the mystical i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00769-00314352-00314623 has creative power and can express the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00770-00314624-00314699 life
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00771-00314700-00315071 manifestation in divine order
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00772-00315072-00315263 now i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00773-00315264-00315351 i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00774-00315352-00315447 am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00775-00315448-00315839 i am the mystical i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00776-00315840-00316143 the mystical i am when moses asked the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00777-00316144-00316399 burning bush who the heck are you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00778-00316400-00316943 i am that i am i am that i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00779-00316944-00317175 and the first i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00780-00317176-00317447 is what we say about ourselves that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00781-00317448-00317615 second i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00782-00317616-00317830 is who we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00783-00317831-00318063 and emma carter hopkins is one who
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00784-00318064-00318263 always taught that whatever you follow
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00785-00318264-00318710 that phrase i am with becomes god to you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00786-00318711-00318903 it becomes god to you because the divine
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00787-00318904-00319023 i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00788-00319024-00319167 is god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00789-00319168-00319479 i am i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00790-00319480-00319703 i am divine
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00791-00319704-00319991 i am free i am awake i am whole i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00792-00319992-00320310 complete that is the divine within me
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00793-00320311-00320543 we awake in that individual
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00794-00320544-00320727 consciousness and knowing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00795-00320728-00320927 of christ so that we might
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00796-00320928-00321263 be part of the greater knowing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00797-00321264-00321534 participate in the greater knowing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00798-00321535-00321719 adam represents our human self the one
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00799-00321720-00321943 with judgments blame comparisons and the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00800-00321944-00322215 need to control the world around us our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00801-00322216-00322375 christ self
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00802-00322376-00322615 is the infinite sacred eternal fully
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00803-00322616-00322830 connected god light that you and i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00804-00322831-00323047 really are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00805-00323048-00323358 the freedom we seek to express the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00806-00323359-00323582 freedom we want for ourselves the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00807-00323583-00323879 freedom we yearn for for others
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00808-00323880-00324191 for others on this planet for everyone
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00809-00324192-00324463 and that is a holistic urge it is a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00810-00324464-00324734 whole urge it is that that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00811-00324735-00324943 that divine call that the deep calling
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00812-00324944-00325143 to deep
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00813-00325144-00325319 is that christ or that light within
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00814-00325320-00325495 which is inviting us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00815-00325496-00325671 to know ourselves
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00816-00325672-00325967 as god knows us as god knows us and to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00817-00325968-00326230 know everyone else as god knows them as
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00818-00326231-00326582 divine beings that we are sharing in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00819-00326583-00326719 this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00820-00326720-00326903 this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00821-00326904-00327030 sea
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00822-00327031-00327191 this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00823-00327192-00327495 stuff of which we are in the center and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00824-00327496-00327703 there is no circumference
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00825-00327704-00327951 we are called to freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00826-00327952-00328119 but if we are attached to our human
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00827-00328120-00328358 ideas of ourselves as limited
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00828-00328359-00328775 or having to control or less than worthy
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00829-00328776-00329006 we will not be free
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00830-00329007-00329287 and we won't be very anxious to give
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00831-00329288-00329503 freedom to anybody else or to help them
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00832-00329504-00329727 have freedom to help them reach freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00833-00329728-00329823 because
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00834-00329824-00330063 ingrained in us for some reason can be
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00835-00330064-00330319 this fear of the other
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00836-00330320-00330510 we fear that that somebody else might
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00837-00330511-00330775 take away what we have or might
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00838-00330776-00331015 might get there first
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00839-00331016-00331271 and all of that is sourced in one
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00840-00331272-00331399 just very
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00841-00331400-00331734 simple idea that we think there isn't
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00842-00331735-00331910 enough
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00843-00331911-00332182 that we think god isn't all there is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00844-00332183-00332327 that there's something
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00845-00332328-00332478 there's god and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00846-00332479-00332751 something else
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00847-00332752-00333006 it is that separation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00848-00333007-00333282 that is keeping us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00849-00333283-00333543 entombed it is that separation that is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00850-00333544-00333775 keeping us in chains it is that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00851-00333776-00334247 separation that is not allowing us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00852-00334248-00334415 to cultivate
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00853-00334416-00334591 the grace
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00854-00334592-00334895 that is already present that longs to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00855-00334896-00335295 bless everyone so that we all might know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00856-00335296-00335663 freedom and access and justice and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00857-00335664-00336006 equality and safety and opportunity
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00858-00336007-00336287 as long as we are attached to that atom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00859-00336288-00336382 self
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00860-00336383-00336582 and the atom self is fine we get to have
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00861-00336583-00336775 our human experience but as long as we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00862-00336776-00336934 are attached to it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00863-00336935-00337239 and we don't dare go beyond it then we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00864-00337240-00337471 are going to be cultivating
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00865-00337472-00337703 more of the fear and the limits
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00866-00337704-00338078 than the joy and the freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00867-00338079-00338239 there are a number of verses again i'm
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00868-00338240-00338399 going to say that nasty word in the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00869-00338400-00338599 bible
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00870-00338600-00338751 in ephesians
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00871-00338752-00338927 you were taught with regard to your
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00872-00338928-00339143 former way of life to put off your old
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00873-00339144-00339334 self which is being corrupted by its
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00874-00339335-00339503 deceitful desires now that's old
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00875-00339504-00339791 language just hear that as old language
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00876-00339792-00340047 that happened when when uh the king
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00877-00340048-00340230 james bible was published so don't
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00878-00340231-00340391 attach to that because really what the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00879-00340392-00340615 real meaning is is things of a lower
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00880-00340616-00340743 nature
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00881-00340744-00340982 okay things of earthly things you know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00882-00340983-00341223 the sense world as opposed to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00883-00341224-00341543 you know get god first go to god first
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00884-00341544-00341710 to be made new in the attitude of your
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00885-00341711-00341975 minds and to put on the new self created
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00886-00341976-00342206 to be like god in true righteousness and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00887-00342207-00342367 holiness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00888-00342368-00342606 in colossians and have put on the new
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00889-00342607-00342791 man which is renewed in knowledge after
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00890-00342792-00343071 the image of him that created him
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00891-00343072-00343278 corinthians therefore if anyone is in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00892-00343279-00343623 christ and again that doesn't mean
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00893-00343624-00343847 the old ideas of christ but in that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00894-00343848-00344030 awareness the deep awareness of light
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00895-00344031-00344239 and who and what we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00896-00344240-00344471 because we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00897-00344472-00344654 if we are in that the new creation has
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00898-00344655-00344878 come the old has gone
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00899-00344879-00345199 the new is here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00900-00345200-00345295 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00901-00345296-00345519 i love what ernest holmes wrote there is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00902-00345520-00345751 then no limitation outside our own
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00903-00345752-00345863 ignorance
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00904-00345864-00346030 and since we can all conceive of a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00905-00346031-00346215 greater good than we have so far
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00906-00346216-00346503 experienced we all have the ability to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00907-00346504-00346823 transcend previous experiences and rise
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00908-00346824-00347030 triumphant above them
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00909-00347031-00347254 but we shall never triumph over them
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00910-00347255-00347439 while we persist in going through the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00911-00347440-00347534 old
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00912-00347535-00348006 mental reactions
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00913-00348007-00348182 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00914-00348183-00348295 anybody
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00915-00348296-00348463 go through something and you find
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00916-00348464-00348671 yourself reacting in a way that you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00917-00348672-00348895 might have reacted a while ago
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00918-00348896-00349151 or you're triggered because gee my
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00919-00349152-00349295 parents did that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00920-00349296-00349575 or i remember being hurt by that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00921-00349576-00349854 from this old relationship or this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00922-00349855-00350015 happens i just know this is so in the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00923-00350016-00350278 world this is what we are seeking to let
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00924-00350279-00350678 go of we just want to let go of it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00925-00350679-00350782 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00926-00350783-00350991 i want us to have some practical meaning
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00927-00350992-00351127 in application
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00928-00351128-00351375 and again i stole from victor frankl and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00929-00351376-00351615 he wrote between stimulus and response
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00930-00351616-00351775 there is a space
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00931-00351776-00352015 in that space is our power to choose our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00932-00352016-00352151 response
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00933-00352152-00352343 in our response lies our growth and our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00934-00352344-00352454 freedom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00935-00352455-00352647 so between stimulus and response so for
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00936-00352648-00352895 example the stimulus
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00937-00352896-00353103 might be a flat tire on the way to the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00938-00353104-00353230 bank
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00939-00353231-00353447 in between the stimulus and response is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00940-00353448-00353734 that space so there's the space
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00941-00353735-00353943 and the response
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00942-00353944-00354254 how about the choice to breathe to bless
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00943-00354255-00354519 to not blame yourself or your partner
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00944-00354520-00354775 for driving on a road that's clearly
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00945-00354776-00355134 not something one should be driving on
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00946-00355135-00355334 stimulus the person on tv who rants
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00947-00355335-00355487 about the evils of your particular
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00948-00355488-00355758 values or your political ideals
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00949-00355759-00356063 space
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00950-00356064-00356230 response
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00951-00356231-00356471 take a moment to extend compassion
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00952-00356472-00356887 forgiveness and love to yourself first
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00953-00356888-00357063 and then remembering that although
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00954-00357064-00357278 positive thinking doesn't seem to have
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00955-00357279-00357478 any effect whatsoever
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00956-00357479-00357815 productive thinking does
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00957-00357816-00358030 and positive action
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00958-00358031-00358278 can transform this planet
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00959-00358279-00358606 so when we strive to move beyond
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00960-00358607-00358815 positive thinking because i agree it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00961-00358816-00359134 doesn't work but productive thinking
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00962-00359135-00359375 into positive action
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00963-00359376-00359727 we can transform our lives ourselves the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00964-00359728-00359847 planet
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00965-00359848-00360071 nelson mandela wrote for to be free is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00966-00360072-00360303 not merely to cast off one's chains but
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00967-00360304-00360510 to live in a way that respects and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00968-00360511-00360830 enhances the freedom of others
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00969-00360831-00361087 as long as one of us isn't free
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00970-00361088-00361303 then none of us are free
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00971-00361304-00361527 as long as one of us isn't free
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00972-00361528-00361695 none of us are free
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00973-00361696-00361871 and not to put too fine a point on it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00974-00361872-00362158 archbishop bishop desmond tutu wrote if
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00975-00362159-00362367 you want peace you don't talk to your
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00976-00362368-00362623 friends you talk to your enemies
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00977-00362624-00362887 those enemies start within guys
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00978-00362888-00363110 they start within
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00979-00363111-00363334 we have to be willing to look at our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00980-00363335-00363687 ideas of judgment of discrimination
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00981-00363688-00363943 of racism of fear
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00982-00363944-00364119 of the other
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00983-00364120-00364310 of not enough
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00984-00364311-00364599 of not being good enough
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00985-00364600-00364727 of god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00986-00364728-00365078 maybe not being fully love
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00987-00365079-00365295 and to begin to have a conversation with
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00988-00365296-00365430 that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00989-00365431-00365639 so that we can
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00990-00365640-00365927 begin to mature away from that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00991-00365928-00366254 adolescent and toddler mindset
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00992-00366255-00366454 first corinthians when i was a child i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00993-00366455-00366663 spoke as a child i understood as a child
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00994-00366664-00366815 i thought as a child but when i became
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00995-00366816-00367087 an adult i put away the things of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00996-00367088-00367310 childhood you and i are big now let's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00997-00367311-00367527 liberate and free ourselves from the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00998-00367528-00367806 need to judge to hate to react
+UbZKGw9Tayg-00999-00367807-00367910 and to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01000-00367911-00368143 protect ourselves and to look for
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01001-00368144-00368358 reasons to stay separate
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01002-00368359-00368567 love lifts us up it heals it connects us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01003-00368568-00368734 and it frees us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01004-00368735-00368999 and we find it by turning within
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01005-00369000-00369263 to that presence that infinite presence
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01006-00369264-00369519 here which is already awake
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01007-00369520-00369847 it is already awake and active we turn
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01008-00369848-00370054 away from our addiction
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01009-00370055-00370327 to the sense world of adam of our adam
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01010-00370328-00370510 natures and we discover
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01011-00370511-00370687 we are so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01012-00370688-00370839 much more
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01013-00370840-00371175 we are the living and fully embodiment
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01014-00371176-00371310 of god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01015-00371311-00371447 free
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01016-00371448-00371758 perfect complete and whole
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01017-00371759-00372223 let's pray
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01018-00372224-00372575 so we turn within in recognition
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01019-00372576-00372734 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01020-00372735-00372895 that indeed
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01021-00372896-00373030 the infinite
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01022-00373031-00373358 the infinite that is god that presence
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01023-00373359-00373606 that universal heart
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01024-00373607-00373788 mind soul
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01025-00373789-00374015 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01026-00374016-00374471 has no circumference yet is all center
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01027-00374472-00374671 therefore it is centered within each and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01028-00374672-00374823 every one of us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01029-00374824-00375134 and we are centered in it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01030-00375135-00375343 and i know that in that we are so fully
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01031-00375344-00375527 connected
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01032-00375528-00375727 not just with god and as god but with
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01033-00375728-00375982 each other
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01034-00375983-00376271 that that one mind
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01035-00376272-00376558 inhabits all time and space and eternity
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01036-00376559-00376799 and inhabits each of us and therefore we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01037-00376800-00376982 declare right now that we are open and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01038-00376983-00377447 receptive to being being informed by it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01039-00377448-00377663 to be informed by wholeness to be
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01040-00377664-00377991 informed by freedom to be informed by
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01041-00377992-00378095 love
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01042-00378096-00378510 by peace by worthiness to be informed by
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01043-00378511-00378830 divine the divine itself to know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01044-00378831-00379110 that nothing and no one
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01045-00379111-00379439 is left out of that field of god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01046-00379440-00379647 and that we are all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01047-00379648-00379823 we are all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01048-00379824-00379975 in that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01049-00379976-00380182 and that the most true thing the most
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01050-00380183-00380367 true thing in fact perhaps let's just
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01051-00380368-00380695 say the only true thing about us is god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01052-00380696-00380999 everything else let's let it fall away
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01053-00381000-00381287 as we move into this deep wonderful
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01054-00381288-00381487 awareness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01055-00381488-00381839 that right where we are god is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01056-00381840-00382182 fully and freely
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01057-00382183-00382702 wonderfully beautifully
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01058-00382703-00382854 what a joy
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01059-00382855-00383039 to know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01060-00383040-00383239 that there is enough
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01061-00383240-00383463 and that we choose now to elevate our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01062-00383464-00383743 beliefs from that limited
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01063-00383744-00383999 toddler sense into
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01064-00384000-00384110 being
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01065-00384111-00384319 spiritual adults
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01066-00384320-00384615 adults in god adults on this planet with
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01067-00384616-00384863 the childlike wonder childlike awareness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01068-00384864-00385054 and and gratitude and receptivity and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01069-00385055-00385217 yet with the capacity
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01070-00385218-00385375 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01071-00385376-00385527 to know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01072-00385528-00385902 that we are infinite
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01073-00385903-00386127 and that we are fully connected
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01074-00386128-00386343 as the divine
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01075-00386344-00386782 expression divine brothers and sisters
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01076-00386783-00387054 so i know that for all of us as we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01077-00387055-00387447 swimming in this sea of god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01078-00387448-00387678 that if anything is calling to us that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01079-00387679-00387967 that concerns us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01080-00387968-00388134 we surround it with love knowing that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01081-00388135-00388463 god is already there
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01082-00388464-00388734 if someone in our family
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01083-00388735-00389015 is appearing to be in need of healing or
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01084-00389016-00389282 more love or greater
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01085-00389283-00389606 compassion greater support supply we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01086-00389607-00389871 know that god is already present there
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01087-00389872-00390023 active
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01088-00390024-00390278 active and in full
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01089-00390279-00390630 glorious expression
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01090-00390631-00390863 and we particularly
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01091-00390864-00391102 open our hearts
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01092-00391103-00391334 to the knowing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01093-00391335-00391585 of peace in this country
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01094-00391586-00391719 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01095-00391720-00391967 of peace on this planet and especially
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01096-00391968-00392382 right now we extend our hearts
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01097-00392383-00392599 to the ukraine we extend our hearts to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01098-00392600-00392839 russia we close no one out
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01099-00392840-00393199 we know that we are all one
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01100-00393200-00393471 and that the heart of god beats within
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01101-00393472-00393727 every being
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01102-00393728-00393934 the presence of god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01103-00393935-00394215 is alive in every being
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01104-00394216-00394439 the truth of god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01105-00394440-00394871 is active expressing and dancing in full
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01106-00394872-00395463 celebration and glory in all beings
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01107-00395464-00395751 so we bless this church
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01108-00395752-00396054 we bless all churches all paths to god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01109-00396055-00396487 ashrams temples synagogues cathedrals
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01110-00396488-00396719 wherever people gather
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01111-00396720-00396863 or even
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01112-00396864-00397110 at home in that temple that is your
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01113-00397111-00397319 temple and within we know that we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01114-00397320-00397478 all connected in that upper room of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01115-00397479-00397599 consciousness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01116-00397600-00397823 and that nothing can separate us even
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01117-00397824-00398095 ourselves
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01118-00398096-00398278 how beautiful to know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01119-00398279-00398615 that we celebrate this and that we are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01120-00398616-00398982 the walking embodiment of god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01121-00398983-00399191 that we are the celebration of god we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01122-00399192-00399382 are god's demonstration each and every
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01123-00399383-00399582 one of us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01124-00399583-00399806 i am grateful to know this i am so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01125-00399807-00399975 grateful to know this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01126-00399976-00400191 and i invite you to say with me
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01127-00400192-00400487 i accept these truths from myself and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01128-00400488-00400734 all beings everywhere
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01129-00400735-00400878 so with a full and grateful heart i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01130-00400879-00401334 release these words into divine law and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01131-00401335-00401567 i let god do its job i let law do its
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01132-00401568-00401727 job i let all of it just do what it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01133-00401728-00401854 needs to do
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01134-00401855-00402039 i step back from the how
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01135-00402040-00402287 and i simply love knowing it is already
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01136-00402288-00402575 so and so it is together we say
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01137-00402576-00403038 amen
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01138-00403039-00404510 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01139-00404511-00404814 and my heart is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01140-00404815-00407399 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01141-00407400-00407927 and my heart is open wide yes i'm only
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01142-00407928-00408119 here for god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01143-00408120-00408478 no more struggle no more strife
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01144-00408479-00408839 with my faith i see the light
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01145-00408840-00409051 i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01146-00409052-00410759 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01147-00410760-00410951 i love that song
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01148-00410952-00411166 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01149-00411167-00411447 oh life is a flow it is a flow it's not
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01150-00411447-00411710 downhill it's not up hill it's a flow
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01151-00411712-00411934 and so we complete that circle of the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01152-00411935-00412151 flow by our gifts of our giving and our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01153-00412152-00412343 receiving and so right now we're going
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01154-00412343-00412518 to do our affirmative giving our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01155-00412519-00412734 grateful giving and so i invite you to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01156-00412735-00412903 take your offering and hold it in your
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01157-00412904-00413134 hand and if your offering is something
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01158-00413135-00413334 that you do automatically like i do
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01159-00413335-00413614 online then i want you to just know that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01160-00413615-00413839 your hand is full full full with this
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01161-00413839-00414078 light of that gift and hold it to your
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01162-00414079-00414326 heart and would you say with me
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01163-00414327-00414687 from the love of pure spirit within me i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01164-00414688-00415070 bless this gift i send it forth to heal
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01165-00415071-00415407 and bless and prosper it is evidence of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01166-00415408-00415710 my faith in belief it does good work in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01167-00415712-00416047 the world and returns to me multiplied
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01168-00416047-00416230 abundantly
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01169-00416231-00418370 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01170-00418371-00418770 surround us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01171-00418771-00419903 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01172-00419904-00420270 man
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01173-00420271-00420531 it always
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01174-00420532-00420855 bless it always
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01175-00420856-00420983 for
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01176-00420984-00421231 the arms of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01177-00421232-00421372 god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01178-00421372-00421706 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01179-00421707-00421755 [Applause]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01180-00421756-00423887 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01181-00423888-00423987 that we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01182-00423988-00424707 rest in god and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01183-00424708-00425135 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01184-00425135-00425459 in heart and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01185-00425460-00426847 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01186-00426847-00427022 thank you in a minute mary catherine
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01187-00427023-00427110 o'hart will come up with their
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01188-00427112-00427255 announcements and by the way those are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01189-00427256-00427591 some cool shoes
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01190-00427592-00427935 well they wouldn't fit me anyway
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01191-00427935-00428127 so last week we brought blair thompson
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01192-00428128-00428287 the president of our board of trustees
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01193-00428288-00428455 up so that we could sing happy birthday
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01194-00428456-00428647 to him and he's back again because he
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01195-00428647-00428917 really liked it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01196-00428918-00429175 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01197-00429176-00429343 now actually he's here for another
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01198-00429343-00429518 reason
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01199-00429519-00429727 but i got my socks
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01200-00429728-00429935 oh man we've got a whole thing going on
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01201-00429935-00430095 here don't worry that's right
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01202-00430096-00430279 um hi like you said i'm blair thompson
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01203-00430280-00430422 i'm the president of the board for those
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01204-00430423-00430543 of you don't know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01205-00430543-00430727 um i can either read this or kind of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01206-00430728-00430847 wing it and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01207-00430847-00431070 i'm just feeling brave tonight um so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01208-00431071-00431222 what i what i'm here for is we're a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01209-00431223-00431383 non-profit organization we're a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01210-00431384-00431566 corporation as such we have to have an
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01211-00431567-00431718 annual meeting one meeting once a year
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01212-00431719-00431903 of our membership what's important to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01213-00431904-00432039 know about this is we need to have a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01214-00432039-00432199 quorum we need to have enough people to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01215-00432200-00432399 vote to make this official
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01216-00432400-00432639 so the important part part is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01217-00432639-00432847 what's it take to be a member well you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01218-00432847-00433039 may or may not know and it got confusing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01219-00433039-00433143 last year so i want to be a little more
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01220-00433143-00433310 clear about it this year you need to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01221-00433312-00433510 have gone to the quick start classes and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01222-00433512-00433663 you need to have gotten your paperwork
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01223-00433664-00433879 back from the office saying that you are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01224-00433880-00434055 if you're not not sure
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01225-00434056-00434287 call the office and find out this week
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01226-00434288-00434479 okay let's do it beforehand so there's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01227-00434480-00434743 no confusion no hurt feelings no upset
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01228-00434743-00434870 on the day of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01229-00434871-00434959 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01230-00434960-00435255 february 27th is the day at 11 30.
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01231-00435256-00435359 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01232-00435360-00435543 when you sign it's only on zoom it's not
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01233-00435543-00435847 on facebook it's we can appear in person
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01234-00435847-00436159 or you can be on zoom not facebook okay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01235-00436160-00436303 don't try and go to facebook because
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01236-00436304-00436463 facebook doesn't let us take attendance
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01237-00436464-00436583 the right way
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01238-00436584-00436759 so when you go and zoom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01239-00436760-00436991 don't sign on as mickey mouse sign on as
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01240-00436992-00437166 your name okay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01241-00437167-00437470 if it's you and your your spouse or
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01242-00437471-00437639 or significant significant other or
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01243-00437639-00437831 there's two people put both those
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01244-00437832-00438007 people's names there so the people who
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01245-00438008-00438159 are taking attendance
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01246-00438160-00438359 can can cross-reference it to our list
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01247-00438360-00438566 okay that's really important
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01248-00438567-00438735 everybody's a well-committed meeting
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01249-00438735-00438918 only members can vote
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01250-00438919-00439055 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01251-00439056-00439207 let's see
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01252-00439208-00439407 uh uh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01253-00439408-00439718 so again it's just on zoom or in person
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01254-00439719-00439983 it's not on facebook okay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01255-00439984-00440207 to get under zoom go to our website
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01256-00440208-00440383 nhcrs.org
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01257-00440384-00440543 um there's a great big link there a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01258-00440543-00440687 button there it says zoom you go there
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01259-00440688-00440959 and it'll take you right there
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01260-00440960-00441087 i know a lot of you wednesday people
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01261-00441088-00441270 don't always come on sundays if you're
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01262-00441271-00441455 only going to come to one sunday service
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01263-00441456-00441751 this year this is the one we were really
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01264-00441752-00441918 we were really close last year in our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01265-00441919-00442183 quorum we were two people over at two
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01266-00442184-00442335 minutes tell
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01267-00442335-00442495 please don't do this to us that to us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01268-00442496-00442735 again we panicked and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01269-00442735-00442935 please come it's it's really quick it's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01270-00442935-00443191 like 15 or 20 minutes dr mark cuts a few
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01271-00443192-00443366 jokes um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01272-00443367-00443535 just come to service on that day and you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01273-00443535-00443639 don't even really have to stay for the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01274-00443639-00443783 meeting because we start the meeting
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01275-00443784-00444047 during service and dr mark always steps
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01276-00444047-00444199 his game up a little bit for his his
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01277-00444200-00444414 message on that day so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01278-00444415-00444663 come um so that's it please come to the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01279-00444664-00444887 the annual meeting a lot of people have
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01280-00444888-00445143 also asked what's going on with our our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01281-00445143-00445431 covered protocols with our masking we've
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01282-00445432-00445607 decided that we are going to continue
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01283-00445608-00445839 with coveted protocols indefinitely um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01284-00445839-00445983 we're going to see how things go but
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01285-00445984-00446135 even though the mandates are are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01286-00446135-00446247 stopping
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01287-00446247-00446455 in service in the sanctuary here we're
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01288-00446456-00446647 going to respect each other we respect
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01289-00446647-00446807 the people that may have immune
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01290-00446808-00446991 deficiencies or whatever and we're going
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01291-00446992-00447151 to keep the masks on for a while i don't
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01292-00447152-00447343 think it's a big ask and i think it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01293-00447343-00447479 really is going to help
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01294-00447480-00447599 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01295-00447600-00447847 so um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01296-00447847-00448095 i'll hope to see you sunday the 27th
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01297-00448096-00448479 yeah okay yep good thank you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01298-00448480-00448639 the wonderful thing about an annual
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01299-00448639-00448807 meeting is that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01300-00448808-00448943 you're part of this community which
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01301-00448943-00449159 makes you shareholders you're stewards
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01302-00449160-00449359 so come and see what we've been doing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01303-00449360-00449631 you know on your behalf and with the the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01304-00449632-00449791 gifts that you give us
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01305-00449792-00450070 and get a sense of the vision that we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01306-00450071-00450255 have for the future because we're doing
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01307-00450256-00450422 some really great stuff we're working
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01308-00450423-00450631 and revamping our curriculum and our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01309-00450632-00450895 classes and all of that and we really
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01310-00450896-00451135 want you to have a voice in it it's not
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01311-00451135-00451431 just people here spewing we want to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01312-00451432-00451855 group spew okay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01313-00451856-00451983 last year was kind of boring because we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01314-00451984-00452199 had a lot of business that we dealt with
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01315-00452200-00452366 this year we got some good good plans we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01316-00452367-00452510 got some we're going some different
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01317-00452512-00452647 directions you know i see that we're
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01318-00452647-00452799 coming out of covid we're coming out of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01319-00452800-00453231 this dark time um and um oh come forward
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01320-00453232-00453607 thank you sorry um and uh so we got some
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01321-00453608-00453743 exciting stuff to talk about we've got
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01322-00453743-00453975 some exciting plans come come hear about
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01323-00453976-00454103 it and it's not going to be as boring as
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01324-00454104-00454255 last year was we had
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01325-00454256-00454399 bylaws we had to change and stuff like
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01326-00454400-00454518 that it was
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01327-00454519-00455431 okay so we'll see you thank you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01328-00455432-00455591 boy oh boy you just can't give some
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01329-00455592-00455927 people a mic
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01330-00455928-00456207 what has happened to him
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01331-00456208-00456327 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01332-00456328-00456710 thank you um truly i i want to just make
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01333-00456712-00457063 um an offscript mention how unusual um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01334-00457064-00457287 and just truly to thank the board and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01335-00457288-00457495 the congregants and the ministers and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01336-00457496-00457679 practitioners and everyone who the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01337-00457680-00457918 volunteers in the office who just really
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01338-00457919-00458135 love and support this church and those
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01339-00458135-00458359 who do due times and everything because
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01340-00458360-00458518 there's a lot of churches that have
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01341-00458519-00458799 closed and our board has have made the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01342-00458800-00459039 difficult decisions that they have to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01343-00459039-00459270 keep us open but we are open and i want
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01344-00459271-00459455 to start off with the announcements to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01345-00459456-00459695 tell you that your consciousness has
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01346-00459696-00459918 worked and thank you it's official it's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01347-00459919-00460110 starting march 6th we will be going back
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01348-00460112-00460342 to two services
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01349-00460343-00460487 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01350-00460488-00460639 so that is truly prayer and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01351-00460639-00460847 consciousness and god in action and i am
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01352-00460847-00461070 very very grateful for that but just
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01353-00461071-00461310 please remember that only the 9 45
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01354-00461312-00461599 service will be on zoom and facebook and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01355-00461600-00461863 um that's when we're gonna have the um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01356-00461864-00462103 child care available as as well
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01357-00462104-00462303 so let me look at what i'm saying here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01358-00462304-00462447 thank you reverend sydney for those
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01359-00462447-00462639 lovely gems that you gave us look at my
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01360-00462639-00462863 mask has even studded with them
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01361-00462864-00463055 because there was
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01362-00463056-00463222 i had so many puns to tell tonight
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01363-00463223-00463455 because i i showed her a note i lost the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01364-00463456-00463631 announcements but i actually had left
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01365-00463632-00463943 them up here so um god provided me with
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01366-00463943-00464239 a copy of last wednesday night's um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01367-00464239-00464383 announcement so i was going through
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01368-00464384-00464543 editing them and adding what i could
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01369-00464543-00464743 remember but now god has provided the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01370-00464743-00465022 actual real announcement so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01371-00465023-00465151 there are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01372-00465152-00465366 ways different ways to make donations at
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01373-00465367-00465575 the church and we don't have to say all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01374-00465576-00465783 those numbers and phone numbers anymore
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01375-00465784-00466247 you can just simply go to nhcrs.org
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01376-00466247-00466455 forward slash give unless you're here in
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01377-00466456-00466599 person in which case you can just throw
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01378-00466600-00466766 it in a nice little cardboard box in the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01379-00466767-00466951 back
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01380-00466952-00467159 don't worry someone protects it
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01381-00467160-00467279 it doesn't all go home with mary
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01382-00467280-00467407 katherine
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01383-00467408-00467639 my pockets are heavy yeah i know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01384-00467639-00467766 prayer with the practitioner is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01385-00467767-00467983 available after service in person here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01386-00467984-00468191 in church or on zoom so if you're on
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01387-00468192-00468479 facebook just jump on over and go for a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01388-00468480-00468575 prayer
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01389-00468576-00468879 our wednesday evening service with um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01390-00468880-00469135 reverend sydney
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01391-00469135-00469295 it just says it has the wrong date on
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01392-00469296-00469639 here okay again it will be at 6 50 next
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01393-00469639-00469903 uh meditation will begin at 6 50 next
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01394-00469904-00470087 wednesday night and service will begin
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01395-00470088-00470255 at seven o'clock
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01396-00470256-00470447 what am i talking about
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01397-00470447-00470735 i don't know
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01398-00470735-00471007 but it says that um it's the season for
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01399-00471008-00471143 non-violence
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01400-00471143-00471422 radical forgiveness oh yeah
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01401-00471423-00471543 that will make you all very
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01402-00471543-00472022 uncomfortable i hope you'll come
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01403-00472022-00472599 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01404-00472600-00472895 okay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01405-00472896-00473095 the grief support group will meet on
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01406-00473096-00473327 zoom at one o'clock on sunday please
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01407-00473328-00473503 join them it's uh
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01408-00473504-00473718 practitioner carol winiker hostess and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01409-00473719-00473910 she's really really good at this and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01410-00473912-00474087 that's a good place also to practice
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01411-00474088-00474255 radical forgiveness
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01412-00474256-00474487 living a course in miracles the class is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01413-00474488-00474710 on zoom with our practitioner jeannie
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01414-00474712-00474959 laporte it's reached tomorrow night
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01415-00474960-00475151 that's february 17th
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01416-00475152-00475463 at 7 15 to 9 15 pm and it's on zoom and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01417-00475464-00475735 the information is on our website
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01418-00475735-00475863 feeding the homeless our love and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01419-00475864-00476031 kindness ministry will be feeding the
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01420-00476032-00476310 homeless this sunday at 12 30 p.m
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01421-00476312-00476503 to support this ministry please go to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01422-00476504-00476775 our website volunteers and donations are
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01423-00476776-00476927 always welcome it's a wonderful
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01424-00476928-00477079 wonderful practice
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01425-00477080-00477222 guild has been doing this for quite a
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01426-00477223-00477295 while
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01427-00477296-00477487 our annual meeting is sunday february
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01428-00477488-00477799 27th at 11 30 as you heard from from
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01429-00477800-00478007 blair it is really important that we do
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01430-00478008-00478359 our uh have our responsibility and show
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01431-00478360-00478591 up and vote and just listen to what
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01432-00478592-00478839 people have to say dr mark gets it done
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01433-00478839-00479047 in like probably 30 minutes or less and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01434-00479047-00479255 then maybe we'll have some special
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01435-00479256-00479543 treats for out on the patio
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01436-00479543-00479735 maybe i'll bake
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01437-00479735-00479822 okay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01438-00479823-00479935 um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01439-00479935-00480143 thank you again for your consciousness i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01440-00480143-00480351 already told you that
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01441-00480352-00480551 the 9 45 service
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01442-00480552-00480759 will be zoomed and then we will starting
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01443-00480760-00480943 march 6 we will have two services
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01444-00480943-00481247 thereafter so that's it reverend sydney
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01445-00481247-00481439 is now going to pray us out i will
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01446-00481439-00481791 indeed i want to thank a few people
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01447-00481792-00482055 we could not do this without our crew
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01448-00482056-00482191 but we could but there wouldn't be
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01449-00482192-00482495 anybody here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01450-00482496-00482679 i'd i'd be in the parking lot and i'd
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01451-00482680-00482791 rather not
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01452-00482792-00482966 so um
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01453-00482967-00483191 we have a practitioner holding vigil on
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01454-00483192-00483487 on virtually at home and that's liz racy
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01455-00483488-00483799 so yay liz racy our facebook live
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01456-00483800-00484070 support is melissa allen and our zoom
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01457-00484071-00484343 support tonight is diane satterly
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01458-00484343-00484807 ray regan reverend nadine yes mark kroll
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01459-00484808-00485031 um and adam keshen has been doing our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01460-00485032-00485231 lights and sound and sanctuary colleen
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01461-00485232-00485599 butler greeted you and ushed you
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01462-00485600-00485887 our our media team is doreen rimo nikki
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01463-00485888-00486191 zavara brenda jordan and blair thompson
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01464-00486192-00486735 solo as diane vinson
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01465-00486735-00486910 and i have it on good authority she's
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01466-00486912-00487199 going to go home with the piano player
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01467-00487200-00487470 because she's married to him
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01468-00487471-00487631 i think
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01469-00487632-00487783 yeah you're married
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01470-00487784-00488087 yes to each other yeah yeah
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01471-00488088-00488279 sam krieger thank you pulpit support
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01472-00488280-00488455 mary katherine ohart thank you i'm
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01473-00488456-00488607 reverend sydney i'm so glad you're here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01474-00488608-00488887 let's pray out shall we okay
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01475-00488888-00489070 oh and i just want to tell you march
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01476-00489071-00489366 25th save the date it's a friday at
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01477-00489367-00489622 seven o'clock we are finally i mean i
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01478-00489623-00489791 know i've been here now what eight
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01479-00489792-00489991 months almost eight months but we're
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01480-00489992-00490239 going to have my installation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01481-00490239-00490327 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01482-00490328-00490662 it will become official
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01483-00490663-00490822 so i hope that you'll join us the whole
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01484-00490823-00491055 church is invited there will be
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01485-00491056-00491270 refreshments afterwards and i have it on
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01486-00491271-00491455 good authority that ernest holmes might
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01487-00491456-00491645 make an appearance again
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01488-00491646-00491862 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01489-00491863-00492007 all right
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01490-00492008-00492207 so we just take this time
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01491-00492208-00492424 to recognize
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01492-00492425-00492559 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01493-00492560-00492783 that the love that is the truth of our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01494-00492784-00492951 being is that which has brought us here
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01495-00492952-00493039 a divine
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01496-00493039-00493335 intention a divine invitation
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01497-00493335-00493543 to know ourselves and to know each other
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01498-00493543-00493687 in a greater way
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01499-00493688-00493862 and how wonderful that we've been able
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01500-00493863-00494055 to share in this that we've been able to
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01501-00494056-00494287 celebrate each other to celebrate life
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01502-00494288-00494510 to celebrate the wisdom that informs all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01503-00494512-00494766 that we are every single part of our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01504-00494767-00494959 physical bodies our spiritual bodies our
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01505-00494960-00495207 emotional bodies our social bodies all
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01506-00495208-00495407 of it is god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01507-00495408-00495655 so i know that we each go forth
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01508-00495656-00495870 filled with joy filled with love filled
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01509-00495871-00496222 with the zest of the here and now
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01510-00496223-00496551 and that we are a blessing in the world
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01511-00496552-00496839 so with so much gratitude i just simply
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01512-00496839-00497118 say thank you and so it is
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01513-00497119-00497472 and together we say amen
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01514-00497472-00499310 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01515-00499312-00499393 of
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01516-00499395-00499910 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01517-00499912-00500055 our god
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01518-00500056-00500135 be
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01519-00500135-00500355 so
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01520-00500356-00500579 triumphant that we
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01521-00500580-00500996 rest in god and
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01522-00500997-00502110 [Music]
+UbZKGw9Tayg-01524-00505928-00506135 you
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00000-00000006-00000455 come let me in to cursed station the
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00001-00000456-00000722 name was no accident its people were
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00002-00000723-00001470 locked in an endless war for survival
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00003-00001471-00001862 the station is under attack okay let's
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00004-00001863-00002110 go lad the defenders could use some help
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00005-00002111-00003087 over here
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00006-00003088-00003436 another attack yes they both through the
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00007-00003436-00003679 outer defenses all the survivors are
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00008-00003679-00003901 here ah Dada will live to see another
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00009-00003902-00004282 day where Duty monsters come from as
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00010-00004283-00004453 always from the left tunnel and from the
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00011-00004454-00004666 crossing we said the demolition squad
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00012-00004667-00004882 there but they never came back and
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00013-00004883-00005188 there's no one else wicked sent you are
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00014-00005189-00005482 eager to avert your stations doom Artyom
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00015-00005483-00005785 are you not and heal the deals already
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00016-00005786-00006232 arrived we must help find the remains of
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00017-00006233-00006478 the demo squad they had a bomb move it
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00018-00006479-00006643 into the left tunnel as far as you can
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00019-00006644-00006784 then run for it
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00020-00006784-00007102 the explosion will be massive as for the
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00021-00007103-00007296 crossing it's already been buried once
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00022-00007297-00007513 that looks like Dino services have dug
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00023-00007514-00007777 through the caving that was an ela close
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00024-00007778-00008026 by it must have been left open tried
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00025-00008027-00008293 locking or collapsing it I'll stay here
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00026-00008294-00008569 with the survivors tried luring the
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00027-00008570-00008758 monsters towards us if there are too
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00028-00008759-00008823 many
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00032-00035445-00036939 [Music]
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00033-00036940-00037586 [Music]
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00038-00065278-00067577 a big war at his small station was one I
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00039-00067578-00067914 won't be going further with you I'm
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00040-00067915-00068124 still needed here the tunnels have
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00041-00068125-00068292 collapsed if you still want to get to
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00042-00068293-00068550 polis you'll have to take a detour you
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00043-00068551-00068730 can get to the armory from here and
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00044-00068731-00068901 afterwards she will have to go through
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00045-00068902-00069087 the stations belonging to the Reds and
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00046-00069088-00069717 the Nazis let's move the smithy is an
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00047-00069718-00069942 independent station so it should be no
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00048-00069943-00070194 problem but the Reds are another story
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00049-00070195-00070536 they are building a new society complete
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00050-00070537-00070794 with all the lovely police state bonuses
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00051-00070795-00071043 like people informing on their neighbors
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00052-00071044-00071337 that the smithy look for an acquaintance
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00053-00071338-00071615 of mine and through the blacksmith
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00054-00071616-00073938 mentioned my name he'll give you a hand
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00055-00073939-00074338 vish lying to hope even in these times
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00056-00074339-00074599 we came from relinquish the things that
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00057-00074600-00077071 make us here
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00058-00077072-00077976 [Music]
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00059-00077977-00078654 that's it get in
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00060-00078655-00078979 remember everything depends on you and
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00061-00078980-00079854 you alone until we meet again goodbye
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00062-00079855-00080155 power station was where most of the
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00063-00080156-00080437 weapons in the Metro were made there
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00064-00080438-00080642 have been enormous factory located above
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00065-00080643-00080979 and after the nukes fell
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00066-00080980-00081243 the worker settled here I was looking
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00067-00081244-00081543 for Angela Smith
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00068-00081544-00081589 first
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00069-00081590-00081847 [Music]
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00070-00081848-00082007 [Applause]
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00071-00082008-00082179 [Music]
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00072-00082180-00083167 you
+UdN9O5lQUF4-00073-00083168-00083374 you
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00000-00000029-00000286 I'm not gonna lie to you the next few
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00001-00000287-00000494 months are going to be really tough and
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00002-00000495-00000749 there's gonna be a lot of you that may
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00003-00000750-00000925 have been employees may have been
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00004-00000926-00001162 working for other companies and I want
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00005-00001163-00001415 you to embrace this time if you have
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00006-00001416-00001565 been a position where you've laid off
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00007-00001566-00001780 you're now being underemployed or
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00008-00001782-00002000 perhaps the work that you're doing is
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00009-00002001-00002216 just not what you thought it was going
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00010-00002217-00002513 to be I want to be brief with you but I
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00011-00002514-00002888 want to be succinct it is time it is
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00012-00002889-00003146 time to go live your dreams it is time
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00013-00003147-00003322 to go start that company that you always
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+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00015-00003557-00003710 thought about early retirement and
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00016-00003711-00003856 living on a beach and sitting on your
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00017-00003857-00004217 computer that may not happen but if your
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00018-00004218-00004418 dream is to start your own consulting
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00019-00004419-00004679 agency going ahead and training others
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00020-00004680-00004904 whatever it is that provides you more
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00021-00004905-00005222 meaning in your life now is the time to
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00022-00005223-00005277 do it
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00023-00005278-00005459 recessions are some of the best
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00024-00005460-00005668 opportunities to actually start and grow
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00025-00005669-00005881 a business this is because money is
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00026-00005882-00006104 cheap and readily available it's also
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+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00028-00006330-00006566 nowhere else but up to go if you're
+UdcaKQWvSZQ-00029-00006567-00006767 already making not enough money or
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+UfyToUd6XaI-00000-00000008-00002095 uh
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+UfNREpnZGOu-00001-00000496-00000671 what's up internet deepwood was kind
+UfNREpnZGOu-00002-00000672-00000782 enough to send over
+UfNREpnZGOu-00003-00000783-00001247 the dq750m v2l white psu
+UfNREpnZGOu-00004-00001248-00001415 you know we've sold a lot of deepcool
+UfNREpnZGOu-00005-00001416-00001623 products over the years from their aios
+UfNREpnZGOu-00006-00001623-00001847 their cases to their case fans
+UfNREpnZGOu-00007-00001848-00002151 to their rgb converters but we've never
+UfNREpnZGOu-00008-00002152-00002399 sold and tried their psu so actually i'm
+UfNREpnZGOu-00009-00002400-00002591 excited to try this one out first off
+UfNREpnZGOu-00010-00002592-00002726 deepcool is aiming high
+UfNREpnZGOu-00011-00002727-00002950 with these enthusiast level specs this
+UfNREpnZGOu-00012-00002951-00003102 is a 750 watt
+UfNREpnZGOu-00013-00003103-00003406 80 plus gold psu that is fully modular
+UfNREpnZGOu-00014-00003407-00003527 so with those specs you're sort of
+UfNREpnZGOu-00015-00003528-00003679 hitting into the territory of more
+UfNREpnZGOu-00016-00003679-00003935 well-known psu brands like corsair
+UfNREpnZGOu-00017-00003936-00004159 and sea sonic and specs wise this is
+UfNREpnZGOu-00018-00004160-00004247 impressive
+UfNREpnZGOu-00019-00004248-00004511 in particular the 80 plus gold rating
+UfNREpnZGOu-00020-00004512-00004615 because 80 plus
+UfNREpnZGOu-00021-00004616-00004822 is an independent accreditation
+UfNREpnZGOu-00022-00004823-00004991 companies have to get their psus
+UfNREpnZGOu-00023-00004992-00005127 accredited so they need to
+UfNREpnZGOu-00024-00005128-00005343 pass certain tests or pass certain
+UfNREpnZGOu-00025-00005344-00005454 qualifications
+UfNREpnZGOu-00026-00005455-00005727 before something is labeled as an 80
+UfNREpnZGOu-00027-00005728-00005767 plus
+UfNREpnZGOu-00028-00005768-00006022 and at what color so for me 80 plus is
+UfNREpnZGOu-00029-00006023-00006199 much more reliable than the
+UfNREpnZGOu-00030-00006200-00006439 usually used standard here's aten
+UfNREpnZGOu-00031-00006440-00006542 through rated
+UfNREpnZGOu-00032-00006543-00006767 at least with 80 plus you know that each
+UfNREpnZGOu-00033-00006768-00006895 psu had to meet
+UfNREpnZGOu-00034-00006895-00007110 minimum standards for it to be graded
+UfNREpnZGOu-00035-00007111-00007367 like that and so the dq's rating of 80
+UfNREpnZGOu-00036-00007368-00007478 plus gold
+UfNREpnZGOu-00037-00007479-00007727 fits squarely into the premium offerings
+UfNREpnZGOu-00038-00007728-00007806 of
+UfNREpnZGOu-00039-00007808-00008078 other psu manufacturers the dq is also
+UfNREpnZGOu-00040-00008079-00008214 made up of 100
+UfNREpnZGOu-00041-00008215-00008399 japanese capacitors which is another
+UfNREpnZGOu-00042-00008400-00008599 feature which a lot of people look at
+UfNREpnZGOu-00043-00008600-00008839 for their power supplies again it's a
+UfNREpnZGOu-00044-00008840-00009031 stand-in for reliability
+UfNREpnZGOu-00045-00009032-00009263 and performance finally the unit comes
+UfNREpnZGOu-00046-00009264-00009431 with a 10-year warranty which again
+UfNREpnZGOu-00047-00009432-00009606 puts it at par with the premium
+UfNREpnZGOu-00048-00009607-00009791 selections of other
+UfNREpnZGOu-00049-00009792-00009983 brands so with the dq deep cool is
+UfNREpnZGOu-00050-00009984-00010191 really pushing to be taken seriously
+UfNREpnZGOu-00051-00010192-00010519 as a psu manufacturer but aside from the
+UfNREpnZGOu-00052-00010520-00010727 specs on paper how does it perform like
+UfNREpnZGOu-00053-00010728-00010799 in real life
+UfNREpnZGOu-00054-00010800-00010959 we've had the dq installed in our test
+UfNREpnZGOu-00055-00010960-00011110 bench for around three weeks and we
+UfNREpnZGOu-00056-00011111-00011255 haven't had any problems with it
+UfNREpnZGOu-00057-00011256-00011414 more importantly we really tried to
+UfNREpnZGOu-00058-00011415-00011623 stress out the psu
+UfNREpnZGOu-00059-00011624-00011806 so in our test bench we have a 2080
+UfNREpnZGOu-00060-00011807-00012031 super and we ran it at load for several
+UfNREpnZGOu-00061-00012032-00012287 hours over multiple days and the dq was
+UfNREpnZGOu-00062-00012288-00012374 fine
+UfNREpnZGOu-00063-00012375-00012559 all of the power requirements that we
+UfNREpnZGOu-00064-00012560-00012767 needed it adequately supplied
+UfNREpnZGOu-00065-00012768-00013046 if a system has inadequate power supply
+UfNREpnZGOu-00066-00013047-00013183 you're gonna start seeing weird things
+UfNREpnZGOu-00067-00013184-00013407 like random shutdowns or more accurately
+UfNREpnZGOu-00068-00013408-00013591 shutdowns when you're putting load on
+UfNREpnZGOu-00069-00013591-00013679 the gpu
+UfNREpnZGOu-00070-00013680-00013894 but it was all smooth sailing with the
+UfNREpnZGOu-00071-00013895-00013983 dq
+UfNREpnZGOu-00072-00013984-00014207 even on load for long periods of time
+UfNREpnZGOu-00073-00014208-00014399 and while it's hard to extrapolate
+UfNREpnZGOu-00074-00014400-00014630 general performance just based on one
+UfNREpnZGOu-00075-00014631-00014766 test unit that we have
+UfNREpnZGOu-00076-00014768-00014879 in other words it's not a very good
+UfNREpnZGOu-00077-00014880-00015071 sample size the personal experience
+UfNREpnZGOu-00078-00015072-00015191 we've had with the dq
+UfNREpnZGOu-00079-00015191-00015479 makes me want to try more detailed psus
+UfNREpnZGOu-00080-00015480-00015655 especially because the specs are very
+UfNREpnZGOu-00081-00015656-00015735 competitive
+UfNREpnZGOu-00082-00015736-00016030 at a very competitive price so this unit
+UfNREpnZGOu-00083-00016031-00016279 retails for around 5 700 pesos
+UfNREpnZGOu-00084-00016280-00016511 a comparable unit of seasonic would run
+UfNREpnZGOu-00085-00016512-00016767 you around 6500 or so
+UfNREpnZGOu-00086-00016768-00016958 and a comparable corsair unit would
+UfNREpnZGOu-00087-00016959-00017079 probably have you
+UfNREpnZGOu-00088-00017080-00017415 in the 7000 peso plus range so the dq
+UfNREpnZGOu-00089-00017416-00017607 checks all of the right boxes that most
+UfNREpnZGOu-00090-00017608-00017711 people look for
+UfNREpnZGOu-00091-00017712-00018022 in a psu number one 750 watts which is
+UfNREpnZGOu-00092-00018023-00018230 the sweet spot now for most enthusiast
+UfNREpnZGOu-00093-00018231-00018303 builds
+UfNREpnZGOu-00094-00018304-00018663 number 280 plus gold and lastly 100
+UfNREpnZGOu-00095-00018664-00018894 japanese capacitors all of these things
+UfNREpnZGOu-00096-00018895-00018991 combined
+UfNREpnZGOu-00097-00018992-00019239 in a package that is cheaper than most
+UfNREpnZGOu-00098-00019240-00019391 of its contemporaries
+UfNREpnZGOu-00099-00019392-00019567 really makes me want to look at more
+UfNREpnZGOu-00100-00019568-00019767 deep cool psus and to consider
+UfNREpnZGOu-00101-00019768-00019975 having them in the shop and putting them
+UfNREpnZGOu-00102-00019976-00020086 in future builds
+UfNREpnZGOu-00103-00020087-00020279 time will tell how reliable these are
+UfNREpnZGOu-00104-00020280-00020447 but so far so good with us
+UfNREpnZGOu-00105-00020448-00020630 and we do intend to stress test more the
+UfNREpnZGOu-00106-00020631-00020863 dq over the months to come because
+UfNREpnZGOu-00107-00020864-00021014 cyanomini 2080 super
+UfNREpnZGOu-00108-00021015-00021327 kung pang test we should be able to run
+UfNREpnZGOu-00109-00021328-00021478 some gaming on it
+UfNREpnZGOu-00110-00021479-00021830 thanks for watching and all the thanks
+UfNREpnZGOu-00111-00021831-00021983 in the world to our top fans
+UfNREpnZGOu-00112-00021984-00022343 christian espinoza john ruben ocha itx
+UfNREpnZGOu-00113-00022344-00022686 addict richard kinko ian meru and liam
+UfNREpnZGOu-00114-00022687-00022903 magnaye your support really goes a long
+UfNREpnZGOu-00115-00022904-00023135 way to helping upgrade the production
+UfNREpnZGOu-00116-00023136-00023271 quality of the channel
+UfNREpnZGOu-00117-00023272-00023463 and we really really appreciate it
+UfNREpnZGOu-00118-00023464-00023768 thanks so much
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00000-00000000-00000238 everyone and welcome to football
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00001-00000239-00000519 therapists today i'm going to analyze
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00002-00000520-00000862 charlie's bars with game sequences by
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00003-00000863-00001047 first presenting the three ways through
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00004-00001048-00001335 which the catalans create only one
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00005-00001336-00001527 situations on the wing
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00006-00001528-00001767 game situations that are precisely sold
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00007-00001768-00002095 since the arrival of a dermal trial ray
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00008-00002096-00002383 even if we've also seen usman dembele in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00009-00002384-00002687 this role as well as ferran torres to a
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00010-00002688-00002879 lesser extent
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00011-00002880-00003175 oh then also talk about counter pressing
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00012-00003176-00003311 as well as about
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00013-00003311-00003606 a very recognizable passing pattern
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00014-00003607-00003935 since chevy's arrival before
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00015-00003936-00004159 before concluding by also thinking about
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00016-00004160-00004495 his involvement and the transfer window
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00017-00004496-00004767 and his management in general
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00018-00004768-00004975 but without further ado
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00019-00004976-00005247 let's start with first of these three
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00020-00005248-00005511 tactical adjustments chevy made in order
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00021-00005512-00005838 to facilitate these 1v1 situations the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00022-00005839-00006143 central positioning of the full box
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00023-00006144-00006518 inside
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00024-00006519-00006759 this tactical adjustment is mainly
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00025-00006759-00007014 embodied and bodied by danny alves
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00026-00007015-00007295 because united he's no longer as capable
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00027-00007295-00007527 as capable of making overlapping runs
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00028-00007528-00007759 and then come back to swartz possible
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00029-00007759-00008023 counter attacks it is better not to let
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00030-00008023-00008295 him go too far forward
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00031-00008296-00008559 position more centrally as shown in the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00032-00008560-00008887 picture it also allows the blogginess to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00033-00008888-00009151 take advantage of his magnificent passes
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00034-00009152-00009231 in the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00035-00009232-00009439 into the back of the of the opening
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00036-00009440-00009551 defense
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00037-00009552-00009839 as well as his value as his ability to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00038-00009840-00010071 recover both left in the in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00039-00010072-00010342 in the center of the of the pitch
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00040-00010343-00010574 but this positioning also generates more
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00041-00010575-00010767 space in the siding in question and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00042-00010768-00010959 therefore more time for the the winger
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00043-00010960-00011055 there
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00044-00011056-00011319 by staying low and central daniel this
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00045-00011320-00011574 is spinning here and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00046-00011575-00011846 joel felix letting therefore the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00047-00011847-00012087 maturity and mark
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00048-00012088-00012359 although troy is well positioned
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00049-00012360-00012567 as well close to the touchline to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00050-00012568-00012863 stretch this atletico madrid's defense
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00051-00012863-00013102 it's also helped by it
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00052-00013103-00013391 by by the positioning of pedry who is
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00053-00013391-00013703 spinning mario helmotho here
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00054-00013704-00013958 being unmarked and marked the dharma
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00055-00013959-00014271 will be able to to receive a long ball
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00056-00014272-00014351 so
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00057-00014352-00014543 the sequence
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00058-00014544-00014758 is good it's gonna come
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00059-00014759-00014871 now
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00060-00014872-00015279 to pass towards the dharma
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00061-00015280-00015575 and you can see that danny elvis
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00062-00015576-00015838 stayed low and and central too
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00063-00015840-00016079 slowly to make joe felix hesitate as to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00064-00016080-00016230 whether he should come and help her
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00065-00016231-00016415 moses or not then
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00066-00016416-00016583 and pendery will will have the same
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00067-00016584-00016711 ideal
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00068-00016712-00016999 he could make here um a deep run into
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00069-00017000-00017358 the half space but he's confident in in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00070-00017359-00017647 darma's 1v1 quality so he's going to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00071-00017648-00017911 create even more space for him by making
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00072-00017912-00018207 a run slightly back to draw not only
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00073-00018208-00018439 terms the more with him but also joel
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00074-00018440-00018535 felix
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00075-00018536-00018719 this will make things easier for a
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00076-00018720-00018830 dharma will
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00077-00018831-00018967 he'll be able to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00078-00018968-00019175 dribble past mario and also and and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00079-00019176-00019983 cross with ease i'll let you enjoy
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00080-00019984-00020158 the second option
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00081-00020159-00020407 that barcelona now used to find uh
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00082-00020408-00020655 fringo was to create a numerical
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00083-00020656-00020919 superiority up front
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00084-00020920-00021150 in the match against athletic club we
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00085-00021151-00021319 could see that the bar straight back
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00086-00021320-00021486 used to leave his defensive line to go
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00087-00021487-00021743 and press i on this side when barcelona
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00088-00021744-00021967 were there so the blog runner will
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00089-00021968-00022143 able to take advantage of save roll
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00090-00022144-00022367 times of of this short moment when when
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00091-00022368-00022711 there were only three defenders left at
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00092-00022712-00022958 the back who who used to leave
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00093-00022959-00023127 precisely a lot of space on the other
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00094-00023128-00023214 side
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00095-00023215-00023614 the barcelona weren't only able to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00096-00023615-00023758 to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00097-00023759-00024078 to switch and switch play
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00098-00024079-00024350 very quickly as javis men were also able
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00099-00024351-00024639 to take even more advantage of this
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00100-00024640-00024894 situation of these situations through
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00101-00024895-00025119 their positioning and especially the one
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00102-00025120-00025342 of gervais in this case
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00103-00025343-00025646 the midfielder joins the forward line in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00104-00025647-00025727 these
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00105-00025727-00025990 situations to occupy the left flank
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00106-00025991-00026287 creating a numerical superiority of four
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00107-00026288-00026518 catalans against four basks and and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00108-00026519-00026758 space for adama
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00109-00026760-00026983 alves is again going to be found in the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00110-00026983-00027223 center as he is going to come and pin
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00111-00027224-00027495 the the past left midfielder
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00112-00027495-00027751 what we have to appreciate here even
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00113-00027752-00027943 more than the president's
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00114-00027944-00028183 anticipation is is pedro's long ball two
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00115-00028183-00028390 two diamonds which which is going to be
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00116-00028391-00028614 relatively low so that the winger
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00117-00028616-00028870 receives the ball as soon as possible
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00118-00028872-00029207 it's coming now
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00119-00029208-00029502 just like you shoot
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00120-00029504-00029807 magnificent
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00121-00029808-00030039 the third and final way barcelona
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00122-00030039-00030262 facilitate this one with onson on the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00123-00030263-00030518 wing is to overload one side and then
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00124-00030519-00030743 play quickly to the other word the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00125-00030744-00031079 winger is completely alone i didn't want
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00126-00031080-00031311 to to put the the wall sequence here
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00127-00031312-00031511 because it would have taken a long time
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00128-00031512-00031783 but i do want to find to point out that
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00129-00031783-00032014 the situation didn't happen as a result
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00130-00032016-00032262 of a throw in or or corner
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00131-00032263-00032518 it shows that the blah blahs are really
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00132-00032519-00032758 confident in in their ability to play in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00133-00032760-00032895 small spaces
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00134-00032896-00033127 as they stayed like that for
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00135-00033128-00033423 for let's say let's say a good time on
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00136-00033424-00033615 on the left on the left side of the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00137-00033616-00033815 pitch before finding them
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00138-00033816-00034118 the right moment to specify them
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00139-00034119-00034446 and of course daniel versus again in the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00140-00034447-00035279 center
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00141-00035280-00035511 this overload this accumulation of
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00142-00035512-00035759 players on one side so is also an
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00143-00035760-00035967 advantage in in case the ball is being
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00144-00035968-00036199 is being lost because as we're going to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00145-00036200-00036423 see um in following sequence the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00146-00036424-00036671 curtains will will be able to counter
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00147-00036672-00036743 press
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00148-00036744-00036943 their opponents very quickly
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00149-00036944-00037230 here we see that the players from former
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00150-00037231-00037535 a kind of five-man rondo with only two
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00151-00037536-00037783 opponents inside so it would not be a
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00152-00037784-00038062 problem to recover the ball in this area
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00153-00038063-00038302 but it's not it's not even here that the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00154-00038303-00038487 ball loss is going to take place but
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00155-00038488-00038671 further forward
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00156-00038672-00038911 however barcelona is still going to dare
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00157-00038912-00039143 to counter pressure as it
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00158-00039144-00039430 as it has really become a reflex in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00159-00039431-00039679 since the arrival of chevy i'll let you
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00160-00039680-00039790 watch this
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00161-00039791-00040030 short sequence of placing in this
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00162-00040031-00040727 reduced space
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00163-00040728-00041087 unstable is lost uh we see barcelona
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00164-00041088-00041311 having this reflex to to rush towards
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00165-00041312-00041543 the opponents who could potentially
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00166-00041544-00041783 receive the ball as well as towards the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00167-00041784-00042015 ball carrier we see
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00168-00042016-00042335 nico gonzalez and both the youngs luke
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00169-00042336-00042574 and frankie sprinting as soon as the as
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00170-00042575-00042799 the ball is lost and thanks to this
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00171-00042800-00043079 accumulation of players we saw before
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00172-00043080-00043311 they'll be able to push their opponents
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00173-00043312-00043479 towards the side
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00174-00043480-00043767 and sideline without them having had
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00175-00043768-00044023 time to react and really try to find
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00176-00044024-00044462 space
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00177-00044463-00045207 it's coming now
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00178-00045208-00045487 with sergey knew desteving comeback uh
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00179-00045488-00045743 six barcelona players came to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00180-00045744-00046030 came to lock the opponents in this small
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00181-00046031-00046318 space a small space in which they
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00182-00046319-00046551 then going to dare to to combine again
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00183-00046552-00046767 before pedry's pass here to the other
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00184-00046768-00047174 side uh a switch of play for for dembele
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00185-00047175-00047423 memphis supply's positional was also
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00186-00047424-00047679 important because if he had also
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00187-00047680-00047839 come to join his teammate
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00188-00047840-00048015 the up and then defenders would have
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00189-00048016-00048318 been able to and sonic and enter all the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00190-00048319-00048518 black granas in this small space which
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00191-00048519-00048711 would have complicated the combination
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00192-00048712-00048951 of of passes will now be able to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00193-00048952-00049286 appreciate
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00194-00049287-00049630 here petrus paul and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00195-00049631-00049855 he dares to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00196-00049856-00050471 play these reduced spaces
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00197-00050472-00050671 even though you've probably already
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00198-00050672-00050902 heard of the concept of the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00199-00050903-00051167 the third man i have to explain it to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00200-00051168-00051287 make sure you
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00201-00051288-00051535 you do understand the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00202-00051536-00051830 the concept of the of the horseman
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00203-00051832-00052030 afterwards
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00204-00052032-00052238 it's an evolved version
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00205-00052239-00052471 of the of the german concept that
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00206-00052472-00052679 shaving implemented at balsa and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00207-00052679-00053015 explains in in a video of the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00208-00053016-00053199 of the coach's voice that you can find
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00209-00053200-00053447 in the in the description
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00210-00053448-00053687 the concept of the of certain man is
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00211-00053688-00053847 very simple
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00212-00053848-00054119 when a pass to a certain player is not
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00213-00054120-00054326 possible another player has to offer
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00214-00054327-00054494 himself as a passing option between
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00215-00054495-00054607 these two
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00216-00054608-00054926 here eric garcia can't pass the ball
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00217-00054927-00055063 directly to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00218-00055064-00055223 sergio bushquetz
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00219-00055224-00055447 however an open and player could prevent
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00220-00055448-00055599 a pass from
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00221-00055600-00055863 from aubameyang to bushkidz the gabonese
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00222-00055864-00056063 is therefore going to ask for the ball
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00223-00056064-00056407 because he's so isobi busquets is free
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00224-00056408-00056566 the first player is therefore eric
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00225-00056567-00056815 garcia the second aubameyang and this
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00226-00056816-00057038 third man the targeted player is sergio
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00227-00057039-00057182 busquets
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00228-00057183-00057463 however this passing pattern can also
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00229-00057464-00057742 precisely be completed by a force man
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00230-00057744-00057942 should the ball circulation be quick
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00231-00057944-00058191 enough in this respect taking more than
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00232-00058191-00058454 one touch could compromise it because
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00233-00058455-00058703 the swordsman will actually go deep
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00234-00058704-00059054 behind the open and defensive line often
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00235-00059055-00059287 often taking advantage of the space left
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00236-00059288-00059479 by central defenders who will have
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00237-00059479-00059815 followed obama and here
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00238-00059816-00060023 if the ball circulation is too low they
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00239-00060024-00060375 will have time to reposition themselves
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00240-00060376-00060599 you're now going to be able to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00241-00060600-00060863 appreciate the defensive run of frankie
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00242-00060864-00061135 doing who's very good in this field and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00243-00061136-00061415 who will go in behind as soon as he sees
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00244-00061416-00061654 that every gorgeous bus is heading
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00245-00061655-00061935 towards obama yeah
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00246-00061936-00062175 it's coming now
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00247-00062176-00062366 look at it
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00248-00062367-00062711 fantastic run
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00249-00062712-00062991 i also picked um a second sequence to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00250-00062991-00063238 illustrate this passing pattern that has
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00251-00063239-00063526 been worked on so much that he's become
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00252-00063527-00063830 automatic as here the force man being in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00253-00063832-00064166 this case uh ferran teresa also started
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00254-00064167-00064471 this run in in behind before aubameyang
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00255-00064472-00064782 receives the ball here he
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00256-00064783-00065047 had already started his run
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00257-00065048-00065415 a few seconds ago and a few meters back
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00258-00065416-00066247 i'll let you enjoy
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00259-00066248-00066479 but if chevy has been able to transform
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00260-00066480-00066679 basa in this way on the pitch it's also
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00261-00066680-00066975 thanks to the work he's done of it and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00262-00066976-00067263 i'm thinking in particular here of his
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00263-00067264-00067438 involvement in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00264-00067439-00067631 in bringing in the four players you see
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00265-00067632-00067903 on the screen during the transfer window
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00266-00067904-00068303 adama troll ray ferran torres danialves
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00267-00068304-00068479 and aubameyang
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00268-00068480-00068759 all four have a specific profile that
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00269-00068760-00069079 balsa needed to diverse diversify and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00270-00069080-00069303 improve certain aspects of
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00271-00069304-00069543 aspects of the of their game
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00272-00069544-00069694 as we've seen
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00273-00069695-00069982 erma is a real threat in on the ones on
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00274-00069983-00070159 on the wing where he often ends up
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00275-00070160-00070455 sending a cross crosses that aubameyang
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00276-00070456-00070550 himself
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00277-00070551-00070823 so already sent several times directly
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00278-00070824-00070950 into the net
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00279-00070951-00071191 so obviously balsa had
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00280-00071192-00071415 with usman emily and luke the young
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00281-00071416-00071606 already players capable of the same
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00282-00071607-00071703 thing
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00283-00071704-00071999 but dembele is not as reliable as adama
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00284-00072000-00072167 especially because he's often injured
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00285-00072168-00072438 and was able to run as much as spanish
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00286-00072439-00072582 international
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00287-00072583-00072887 while luke deyoung doesn't have obam's
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00288-00072888-00073111 ability to go and press or counter press
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00289-00073112-00073303 the opponent for a wall game
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00290-00073304-00073511 nor is the ability to play in small
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00291-00073512-00073782 spaces or to make friends in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00292-00073783-00073982 to make friends in behind the opponent's
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00293-00073983-00074199 defensive line
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00294-00074200-00074423 because speed and depth is something
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00295-00074424-00074647 that balls are really locked and we we
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00296-00074648-00074838 even saw them launch counter attacks
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00297-00074839-00075071 from from their own box recently like
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00298-00075072-00075375 against napoli and athletic club
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00299-00075376-00075599 uh something we hadn't seen for a long
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00300-00075600-00075894 time was wisdom
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00301-00075895-00076135 that being said uh when we talk about
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00302-00076136-00076335 speed and depth we tend to think first
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00303-00076336-00076671 of uh advantage and aubameyang but fair
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00304-00076672-00076926 and torres although not as fast as them
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00305-00076927-00077087 is surely
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00306-00077088-00077255 surely he's the best of the three two to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00307-00077256-00077462 make these runs in behind the defense as
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00308-00077463-00077662 we saw in the last sequence
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00309-00077663-00077906 even if he doesn't have the quality of
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00310-00077907-00078191 adam91v1 his good reading of of the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00311-00078192-00078447 gaming indeed allows him to to start his
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00312-00078448-00078671 instrument at the right moment
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00313-00078672-00078911 even more than obama young he's a very
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00314-00078912-00079119 good weapon when when it comes to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00315-00079120-00079271 playing long balls
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00316-00079272-00079479 which makes it generally easy for
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00317-00079480-00079719 barcelona to advance
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00318-00079720-00079926 to progress to advance their team to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00319-00079927-00080175 progress into the opponent's half
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00320-00080176-00080311 where even if they lose the ball
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00321-00080312-00080582 afterwards their good pressing and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00322-00080583-00080838 and encounter pressing continues to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00323-00080839-00081087 maintain dangerous switch which explains
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00324-00081088-00081326 why chavez men take more risks than
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00325-00081327-00081599 undercove under cumin
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00326-00081600-00081838 in this respect their defensive line
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00327-00081839-00082094 also reacts very well to these moments
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00328-00082095-00082406 of of transitions by adopting the right
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00329-00082407-00082599 hate
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00330-00082600-00082831 as for lenny elvis whose profile has
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00331-00082832-00082999 already been described in the first
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00332-00083000-00083287 chapter i'd like to add that chubby and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00333-00083288-00083471 also surely brought him back to the club
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00334-00083472-00083831 for his very professional winning
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00335-00083832-00083991 winning mentality and the good
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00336-00083992-00084182 atmosphere that he can bring to the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00337-00084183-00084375 dressing room
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00338-00084376-00084687 brazilian symbol symbolises the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00339-00084688-00084918 chevy management style which i would sum
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00340-00084919-00085047 up with the word
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00341-00085048-00085367 demanding confidence in one's abilities
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00342-00085368-00085903 and fun
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00343-00085904-00086191 the catalans demons were embodied on his
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00344-00086192-00086399 first day by the introduction of 10
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00345-00086400-00086823 rules mainly oh oh what's happening here
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00346-00086824-00087006 oh
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00347-00087007-00087215 please wait
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00348-00087216-00087526 oh no
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00349-00087527-00087662 okay
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00350-00087663-00087911 so by the introduction of of ten rules
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00351-00087912-00088150 mainly prohibitions and therefore
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00352-00088151-00088455 possible fans in section and sanctions
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00353-00088456-00088655 which you can find in the description
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00354-00088656-00088935 but to counter balance these measures
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00355-00088936-00089135 that could disturb many
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00356-00089136-00089350 chivas put a smile back on his players
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00357-00089351-00089671 faces through his training session
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00358-00089672-00089894 as a warm-up they often start with a
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00359-00089895-00090199 so-called social emotional game to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00360-00090200-00090423 spread good humor
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00361-00090424-00090526 it's also
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00362-00090527-00090767 a way of relaxing the players since they
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00363-00090768-00090894 can so
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00364-00090895-00091062 they can they can so take away the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00365-00091063-00091238 possible pressure they might have put on
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00366-00091239-00091391 themselves because
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00367-00091392-00091599 as you know training sessions are the
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00368-00091600-00091782 opportunity to convince the coach of
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00369-00091783-00091991 your qualities and i'm thinking here in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00370-00091992-00092118 particular for
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00371-00092119-00092311 youngster from the reserve team who
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00372-00092312-00092511 sometimes comes to their trial training
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00373-00092512-00092694 session with was the first team which
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00374-00092695-00092815 can be
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00375-00092816-00093023 quite intimidating
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00376-00093024-00093223 but these games are not just about
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00377-00093224-00093487 getting the players to feel confident
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00378-00093488-00093735 confident it's also about bringing them
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00379-00093736-00093918 together
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00380-00093919-00094231 professional um footballers are
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00381-00094232-00094487 in most cases only work colleagues with
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00382-00094488-00094679 each other and therefore do not
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00383-00094680-00094903 necessarily share time together in their
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00384-00094904-00095047 private lives
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00385-00095048-00095335 by bringing them to closer together
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00386-00095336-00095550 through these games the players will be
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00387-00095551-00095774 more attached to the group and will want
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00388-00095775-00095959 to walk harder on the pitch for the team
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00389-00095960-00096111 in the club
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00390-00096112-00096294 not to mention that they will also look
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00391-00096295-00096455 forward to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00392-00096456-00096735 coming to training every day because
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00393-00096736-00096974 even more because they also be able to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00394-00096975-00097367 be happy to to meet their teammates uh
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00395-00097368-00097503 there
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00396-00097504-00097718 choice training sessions are possible
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00397-00097719-00097950 now then consist of
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00398-00097951-00098247 round those progression and situational
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00399-00098248-00098535 games as well as
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00400-00098536-00098694 exercises to
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00401-00098695-00098911 let's say automate
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00402-00098912-00099087 the different principles and and
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00403-00099088-00099206 concepts of
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00404-00099207-00099406 positional play that some players
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00405-00099407-00099662 precisely struggle to understanding
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00406-00099663-00099911 in charlie's first week as a as a balsa
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00407-00099912-00100294 culture as said by by the latter himself
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00408-00100295-00100438 the fruit of
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00409-00100439-00100694 the fruits of chevy's walk can obviously
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00410-00100695-00100815 be seen in
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00411-00100816-00101079 the evolution of the content of bosses
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00412-00101080-00101231 games this season
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00413-00101232-00101479 is therefore no coincidence that they've
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00414-00101480-00101759 gone from ninth to second place in la
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00415-00101760-00102062 liga since his arrival
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00416-00102063-00102287 if you like tactical analysis positional
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00417-00102288-00102615 play or even just fc barcelona i invite
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00418-00102616-00102854 you to subscribe to subscribe to to my
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00419-00102855-00103039 youtube channel as i plan to publish
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00420-00103040-00103366 more videos of this type including one
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00421-00103367-00103575 on the walk behind the success of la
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00422-00103576-00103902 masia the club's famous academy
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00423-00103903-00104199 and if you liked my video i invite you
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00424-00104200-00104423 to click on the blue thumb and let me
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00425-00104424-00104639 know about it in the comments it would
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00426-00104640-00105007 really help me a lot more than you think
+Ug-CE-go4zc-00427-00105008-00105324 bye bye
+UgDRguYGDX0-00000-00000049-00000348 dating Sims or romance simulation games
+UgDRguYGDX0-00001-00000349-00000648 Li ni shimmy or Sean's Mura nation Irish
+UgDRguYGDX0-00002-00000649-00000882 and Jammu are a video game sub-genre of
+UgDRguYGDX0-00003-00000883-00001122 simulation games usually Japanese with
+UgDRguYGDX0-00004-00001123-00001341 romantic elements they are also
+UgDRguYGDX0-00005-00001342-00001560 sometimes put under the category of neo
+UgDRguYGDX0-00006-00001561-00001799 romance the most common objective of
+UgDRguYGDX0-00007-00001800-00002037 dating Sims is to date usually choosing
+UgDRguYGDX0-00008-00002038-00002220 from among several characters and to
+UgDRguYGDX0-00009-00002221-00002399 achieve a romantic relationship
+UgDRguYGDX0-00010-00002400-00002807 the term dating sim is also often used
+UgDRguYGDX0-00011-00002808-00003029 incorrectly in English as a generic term
+UgDRguYGDX0-00012-00003030-00003281 for romance driven games Li ni game you
+UgDRguYGDX0-00013-00003282-00003490 Ren a games a subject matter which is
+UgDRguYGDX0-00014-00003492-00003693 stereotypically associated with the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00015-00003694-00003936 visual novel genre this can lead to
+UgDRguYGDX0-00016-00003936-00004127 confusion as visual novels are
+UgDRguYGDX0-00017-00004128-00004307 considered a sub-genre of adventure
+UgDRguYGDX0-00018-00004308-00004506 games and are not technically included
+UgDRguYGDX0-00019-00004507-00004763 in the dating sim genre while the two
+UgDRguYGDX0-00020-00004764-00004965 genres often share a common visual
+UgDRguYGDX0-00021-00004966-00005181 presentation dating sims are sometimes
+UgDRguYGDX0-00022-00005182-00005357 considered to be more statistically
+UgDRguYGDX0-00023-00005358-00005570 based on that choose your own adventure
+UgDRguYGDX0-00024-00005571-00005957 style of visual novels the technical
+UgDRguYGDX0-00025-00005958-00006173 definition of a romance simulation game
+UgDRguYGDX0-00026-00006174-00006386 can involve several technical elements
+UgDRguYGDX0-00027-00006387-00006617 such as a time limit several statistics
+UgDRguYGDX0-00028-00006618-00006792 such as looks and charm which can be
+UgDRguYGDX0-00029-00006793-00006959 boosted through exercise or an
+UgDRguYGDX0-00030-00006961-00007253 attraction meter which can increase or
+UgDRguYGDX0-00031-00007254-00007489 decrease depending on one's decisions
+UgDRguYGDX0-00032-00007490-00007755 some original English dating sims
+UgDRguYGDX0-00033-00007756-00007992 include sim girls Ciao Bella and summer
+UgDRguYGDX0-00034-00007993-00008545 session
+UgDRguYGDX0-00035-00008546-00009107 topic characteristics
+UgDRguYGDX0-00036-00009108-00009332 in a typical dating sim the player
+UgDRguYGDX0-00037-00009333-00009545 controls a male avatar surrounded by
+UgDRguYGDX0-00038-00009546-00009839 female characters the gameplay involves
+UgDRguYGDX0-00039-00009840-00010019 conversing with a selection of girls
+UgDRguYGDX0-00040-00010020-00010202 attempting to increase their internal
+UgDRguYGDX0-00041-00010203-00010493 love meter through correct choices of
+UgDRguYGDX0-00042-00010494-00010727 dialogue the game lasts for a fixed
+UgDRguYGDX0-00043-00010728-00010967 period of game time such as one month or
+UgDRguYGDX0-00044-00010968-00011225 three years when the game ends the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00045-00011226-00011390 player either loses the game if he
+UgDRguYGDX0-00046-00011391-00011564 failed to properly win over any of the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00047-00011565-00011915 girls or finishes one of the girls often
+UgDRguYGDX0-00048-00011916-00012116 by having sex with her marrying her as
+UgDRguYGDX0-00049-00012117-00012353 in magical date and or achieving eternal
+UgDRguYGDX0-00050-00012354-00012611 love this gives the games more replay
+UgDRguYGDX0-00051-00012612-00012815 value since the player can focus on a
+UgDRguYGDX0-00052-00012816-00013013 different girl each time trying to get a
+UgDRguYGDX0-00053-00013013-00013310 different ending dating Sims such as
+UgDRguYGDX0-00054-00013311-00013562 tokimeki memorial often revolved almost
+UgDRguYGDX0-00055-00013563-00013757 entirely around relationship building
+UgDRguYGDX0-00056-00013758-00013969 usually featuring complex character
+UgDRguYGDX0-00057-00013971-00014147 interactions and branching dialogue
+UgDRguYGDX0-00058-00014147-00014330 trees and often presenting the players
+UgDRguYGDX0-00059-00014331-00014552 possible responses word for word as the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00060-00014553-00014786 player character would say them dating
+UgDRguYGDX0-00061-00014787-00015044 Sims such as tokimeki memorial and some
+UgDRguYGDX0-00062-00015044-00015197 role-playing games with similar
+UgDRguYGDX0-00063-00015197-00015394 relationship-based mechanics to the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00064-00015396-00015613 genre such as persona often give choices
+UgDRguYGDX0-00065-00015615-00015755 that have a different number of
+UgDRguYGDX0-00066-00015756-00016091 associated mood points which influence a
+UgDRguYGDX0-00067-00016091-00016274 player characters relationship and
+UgDRguYGDX0-00068-00016275-00016466 future conversations with a non-player
+UgDRguYGDX0-00069-00016467-00016739 character these games often feature a
+UgDRguYGDX0-00070-00016740-00016949 day/night cycle with a time scheduling
+UgDRguYGDX0-00071-00016950-00017150 system that provides context and
+UgDRguYGDX0-00072-00017151-00017324 relevance to character interactions
+UgDRguYGDX0-00073-00017325-00017522 allowing players to choose when and if
+UgDRguYGDX0-00074-00017523-00017687 to interact with certain characters
+UgDRguYGDX0-00075-00017688-00017912 which in turn influences their responses
+UgDRguYGDX0-00076-00017913-00018122 during later conversations while Vishal
+UgDRguYGDX0-00077-00018123-00018317 games make up the bulk of dating Sims
+UgDRguYGDX0-00078-00018318-00018619 other types of games exist games where
+UgDRguYGDX0-00079-00018620-00018800 the player character is female and
+UgDRguYGDX0-00080-00018801-00019001 potential objects of affection or male
+UgDRguYGDX0-00081-00019002-00019288 are known as GX b or otome games
+UgDRguYGDX0-00082-00019289-00019514 homosexual relationships are also
+UgDRguYGDX0-00083-00019515-00019691 possible as there are games with no
+UgDRguYGDX0-00084-00019692-00019952 specific gender lines all pairings
+UgDRguYGDX0-00085-00019953-00020225 there are also girls love games which
+UgDRguYGDX0-00086-00020226-00020468 focus on female female relationships and
+UgDRguYGDX0-00087-00020469-00020708 boys love games which focus on male male
+UgDRguYGDX0-00088-00020709-00021011 pairings there are many variations on
+UgDRguYGDX0-00089-00021012-00021206 this theme highschool romances are the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00090-00021207-00021400 most common but a dating sim may also
+UgDRguYGDX0-00091-00021401-00021599 take place in a fantasy setting and
+UgDRguYGDX0-00092-00021600-00021797 involve such challenges as defending
+UgDRguYGDX0-00093-00021798-00022130 ones girl from monsters one game series
+UgDRguYGDX0-00094-00022131-00022322 that often includes dating with the goal
+UgDRguYGDX0-00095-00022323-00022502 of marriage is the farming sim
+UgDRguYGDX0-00096-00022503-00022754 series Harvest Moon the subplot of
+UgDRguYGDX0-00097-00022755-00022964 dating is more focused towards choosing
+UgDRguYGDX0-00098-00022965-00023189 one of several girls or guys dependent
+UgDRguYGDX0-00099-00023190-00023354 on the player characters gender and
+UgDRguYGDX0-00100-00023355-00023528 offering them presents or joining them
+UgDRguYGDX0-00101-00023529-00023765 on events in the game The Star Ocean
+UgDRguYGDX0-00102-00023766-00024059 series of RPGs also feature dating sim
+UgDRguYGDX0-00103-00024060-00024335 elements in a similar manner some
+UgDRguYGDX0-00104-00024336-00024518 Japanese dating sims may allow the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00105-00024519-00024685 player to have romantic or sexual
+UgDRguYGDX0-00106-00024686-00024890 relationships with characters in their
+UgDRguYGDX0-00107-00024891-00025166 teens the degree of sexual content
+UgDRguYGDX0-00108-00025167-00025426 varies but may often include intercourse
+UgDRguYGDX0-00109-00025427-00025702 sexually explicit dating sims may fall
+UgDRguYGDX0-00110-00025704-00025937 into the category of H game or arrow gay
+UgDRguYGDX0-00111-00025938-00026231 arrow gay only gets released to PC
+UgDRguYGDX0-00112-00026232-00026462 because large Japanese game companies do
+UgDRguYGDX0-00113-00026463-00026648 not want to release games with sexual
+UgDRguYGDX0-00114-00026649-00026906 content on their game consoles because
+UgDRguYGDX0-00115-00026907-00027098 of this arrow gay companies make a
+UgDRguYGDX0-00116-00027099-00027380 censored all ages 15 plus version of the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00117-00027381-00027674 PC version for various consoles the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00118-00027675-00027865 censored version contains far more
+UgDRguYGDX0-00119-00027866-00028061 endings and new added scenes due to the
+UgDRguYGDX0-00120-00028062-00028713 absence of sexual scenes
+UgDRguYGDX0-00121-00028714-00029248 topic examples
+UgDRguYGDX0-00122-00029249-00029683 girls garden 1984 tension touchy no
+UgDRguYGDX0-00123-00029683-00030118 go-go 1985 Nakayama mijo no tokimeki
+UgDRguYGDX0-00124-00030119-00030639 highschool 1987 doke you say series 1992
+UgDRguYGDX0-00125-00030641-00031068 onwards tokimeki memorial series 1994
+UgDRguYGDX0-00126-00031069-00031737 onwards true love 1995 magical date 1996
+UgDRguYGDX0-00127-00031738-00032217 Sakura wars 1996 onwards thousand arms
+UgDRguYGDX0-00128-00032218-00032892 1998 summer session 2008 love Plus 2009
+UgDRguYGDX0-00129-00032893-00033261 had a full boyfriend 2012 onwards
+UgDRguYGDX0-00130-00033262-00033887 boyfriend maker 2012
+UgDRguYGDX0-00131-00033888-00034415 topic see also
+UgDRguYGDX0-00132-00034416-00034937 Vishal Oh game visual novel
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00000-00000096-00000271 hello
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00001-00000272-00000511 well it's still saturday february 5th
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00002-00000512-00000886 2022 for a few more minutes
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00003-00000888-00001103 i wanted to quickly show a little bit
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00004-00001104-00001239 about
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00005-00001240-00001431 the analytics
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00006-00001432-00001558 that is in
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00007-00001559-00001791 youtube
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00008-00001792-00001975 and
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00009-00001976-00002151 this is
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00010-00002152-00002518 you know this is february one to four
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00011-00002519-00002734 i believe i can show this to everybody i
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00012-00002735-00002847 mean
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00013-00002848-00003142 if you have a youtube channel this is
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00014-00003143-00003319 what you get to see
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00015-00003320-00003879 um let me go back here a second
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00016-00003879-00004031 there we go
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00017-00004032-00004311 so if you click on
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00018-00004312-00004438 your account
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00019-00004439-00004831 and you click on
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00020-00004832-00005311 your channel
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00021-00005312-00006022 and you go to
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00022-00006023-00006159 i do things
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00023-00006160-00006351 just my own way
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00024-00006352-00006567 you might say go do it this way that's
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00025-00006568-00006727 okay go ahead
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00026-00006728-00006846 that's fine
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00027-00006847-00007255 so i click on my your videos
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00028-00007256-00007806 click on analytics
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00029-00007808-00007959 okay
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00030-00007959-00008246 and it will show me you know
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00031-00008247-00008599 analytics i have only six subscribers
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00032-00008600-00008742 so far
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00033-00008743-00009023 but i'm gonna keep making videos
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00034-00009024-00009199 um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00035-00009200-00009478 my engagement not much okay so it'll
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00036-00009479-00009831 have average time duration
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00037-00009832-00010103 one minute 52 seconds i mean that's not
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00038-00010104-00010319 very long
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00039-00010320-00010678 but the watch time is up 427 percent i
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00040-00010679-00010863 mean okay
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00041-00010864-00010974 but
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00042-00010975-00011283 and still not giving you know nobody's
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00043-00011284-00011495 subscribing and nobody's
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00044-00011496-00011751 if you go back to um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00045-00011752-00011999 content
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00046-00012000-00012503 it will show you over here
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00047-00012504-00012606 um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00048-00012607-00012943 likes dislikes we get to see the likes
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00049-00012944-00013071 and dislikes
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00050-00013072-00013151 well
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00051-00013152-00013327 there's nothing here
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00052-00013328-00013430 okay
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00053-00013431-00013703 nobody's clicking that
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00054-00013704-00013822 at least they're not clicking the
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00055-00013823-00014055 dislikes which nobody can see with me
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00056-00014056-00014366 but that's okay um i don't mind if
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00057-00014368-00014622 somebody does it if they talking to me
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00058-00014623-00014775 directly
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00059-00014776-00014958 you know give me some information and
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00060-00014959-00015063 stuff
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00061-00015063-00015447 now there's one like here
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00062-00015447-00015543 and
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00063-00015544-00015766 on my other page i think there's in like
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00064-00015768-00015919 but anyways so we're just going to look
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00065-00015919-00016135 at these for a second but still you can
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00066-00016136-00016463 see there's different views
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00067-00016464-00016783 nobody's commenting
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00068-00016784-00017103 and i'm just saying that i do understand
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00069-00017104-00017303 this stuff i know i can see it i
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00070-00017304-00017543 understand it it's right there
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00071-00017544-00017703 and i wanted to show
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00072-00017704-00017855 in a video
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00073-00017856-00018094 that
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00074-00018095-00018455 you know i know if anyone has come here
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00075-00018456-00018527 and
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00076-00018528-00018767 what videos they watch
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00077-00018768-00018903 uh here
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00078-00018904-00019167 shows the traffic
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00079-00019168-00019311 uh
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00080-00019312-00019511 where it came from let me see youtube
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00081-00019512-00019711 search where it came from
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00082-00019712-00020094 a lot of his youtube search um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00083-00020095-00020471 browse features suggested videos
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00084-00020472-00020663 which they don't i don't know if they
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00085-00020664-00020894 put mine out there or not
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00086-00020895-00021103 but really just a little bit their
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00087-00021104-00021447 portion proportion of your traffic
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00088-00021448-00021822 playlists not enough traffic data
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00089-00021823-00022014 pretty low
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00090-00022015-00022319 so seems to be a big hit
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00091-00022320-00022607 um i'm gonna do a lot more but i want to
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00092-00022608-00022855 do more probably with photoshop but i'll
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00093-00022856-00023078 do more with too
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00094-00023079-00023191 and then
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00095-00023192-00023503 see it says facebook right here
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00096-00023504-00023758 uh i have 8.3
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00097-00023759-00024303 in facebook
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00098-00024304-00024607 not much but a little bit
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00099-00024608-00024878 um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00100-00024879-00025247 average view duration eight seconds
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00101-00025248-00025583 oh that's terrible
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00102-00025584-00025678 um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00103-00025679-00025894 duckduckgo huh
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00104-00025895-00026383 yahoo search google google search
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00105-00026383-00026695 all right average percentage viewed
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00106-00026695-00027046 i tried to make a uh add words but they
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00107-00027047-00027262 insulted my
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00108-00027263-00027639 video saying that i was
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00109-00027639-00027846 i don't know doing some kind of hatred
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00110-00027847-00028111 something i don't know
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00111-00028112-00028439 what so all i'm doing is trying to show
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00112-00028439-00028831 people how to do some some research
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00113-00028832-00029070 things like that um so i don't know what
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00114-00029072-00029255 they were talking about
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00115-00029256-00029367 um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00116-00029368-00029583 so
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00117-00029583-00030239 anyways yeah so let's see geography
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00118-00030239-00030662 united states france oh
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00119-00030663-00030999 that's interesting
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00120-00031000-00031239 okay
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00121-00031239-00031527 your age i don't see how they know this
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00122-00031527-00031990 that doesn't make sense
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00123-00031991-00032158 yeah i don't even know how they would
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00124-00032160-00032390 know that or this or how would they know
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00125-00032391-00032599 this who's going to give them that
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00126-00032600-00032918 information
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00127-00032919-00033479 i'm not
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00128-00033480-00033911 oh it says exactly what day
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00129-00033912-00034055 watch time
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00130-00034056-00034471 look 37 seconds
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00131-00034472-00034687 oh five minutes
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00132-00034688-00035055 january 20th four minutes
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00133-00035056-00035262 even though the videos you know
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00134-00035263-00035495 four times longer but still
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00135-00035496-00035751 okay
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00136-00035752-00035879 but
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00137-00035880-00036111 you know i'm still happy that
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00138-00036112-00036462 i'm getting i'm receiving some traffic
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00139-00036463-00036702 it's not like all zeros like it was a
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00140-00036703-00036862 while back
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00141-00036863-00037327 um if i i can i think i can go back too
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00142-00037328-00037887 i could say last 90 days maybe
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00143-00037888-00038118 see
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00144-00038119-00038407 back here
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00145-00038408-00038671 where was it
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00146-00038672-00038959 i don't know why it says wild earth
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00147-00038960-00039327 um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00148-00039328-00039599 very very low
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00149-00039600-00040207 back in november
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00150-00040208-00040311 uh
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00151-00040312-00040774 yeah see
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00152-00040775-00041118 oh this is recent now oh no okay last 90
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00153-00041119-00041430 days so it started going up right here
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00154-00041431-00041927 after i started making more videos
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00155-00041928-00042215 and so i do have to just keep keep at it
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00156-00042216-00042471 i have to keep making videos
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00157-00042472-00042767 um i'm not making any money you know of
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00158-00042768-00042951 course
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00159-00042952-00043190 and i'm just doing it as quickly as
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00160-00043191-00043383 possible
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00161-00043384-00043615 um just to make sure i get them out
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00162-00043616-00043783 there
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00163-00043784-00043999 and i have to learn more about these
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00164-00044000-00044239 setups in here because i was looking at
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00165-00044240-00044558 them but i didn't figure it out yet
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00166-00044559-00044774 and i'm perfectly capable of figuring it
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00167-00044775-00045039 out i just didn't do it yet and
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00168-00045040-00045135 i'm gonna
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00169-00045136-00045543 work on it so
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00170-00045544-00045767 so as long as i get the videos out there
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00171-00045768-00045958 at least um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00172-00045959-00046407 you know
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00173-00046408-00046774 there's some idea of something
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00174-00046775-00047015 um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00175-00047016-00047295 at least you'll get better and better
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00176-00047296-00047535 i'm tired
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00177-00047536-00047943 so yeah there you go uh i know where the
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00178-00047944-00048255 traffic's coming from
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00179-00048256-00048590 i know if anybody's
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00180-00048591-00049015 hashtag pages
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00181-00049016-00049223 browse features channel i'm gonna have
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00182-00049224-00049446 to take a look at all this playlist
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00183-00049447-00049823 directory direct unknown
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00184-00049824-00050599 hmm
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00185-00050600-00051238 oh okay
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00186-00051239-00051430 so um
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00187-00051432-00051775 yeah
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00188-00051776-00051882 i
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00189-00051883-00052315 will keep going keep making more videos
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00190-00052316-00052830 [Music]
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00191-00052832-00053111 so
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00192-00053112-00053542 i mean these are beginning to
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00193-00053544-00054023 get received some traction the irs ones
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00194-00054024-00054279 but it's february so they'll they'll
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00195-00054279-00054575 receive more next month
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00196-00054576-00054799 and i want to go back in them and i cuz
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00197-00054800-00055071 i can edit
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00198-00055072-00055247 the description so i'm going to go back
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00199-00055248-00055382 in all of them
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00200-00055383-00055542 and put in there
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00201-00055544-00055782 that you know i will help people find
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00202-00055783-00056047 information because my video might be
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00203-00056048-00056294 sucky you know terrible so i want to put
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00204-00056295-00056463 in there that you know i will help
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00205-00056464-00056711 people if they if i didn't you know if i
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00206-00056712-00056999 sound crazy or not correct in the video
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00207-00057000-00057271 or don't sound too good or my voice is
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00208-00057272-00057519 low or whatever
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00209-00057520-00057766 i'd be willing to help them in a live
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00210-00057767-00058023 stream or something like that
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00211-00058024-00058271 which i think is much easier to do you
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00212-00058272-00058350 know
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00213-00058351-00058599 than the video by itself
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00214-00058600-00058863 i like having interaction with others
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00215-00058864-00058966 instead
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00216-00058967-00059215 of just doing the video
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00217-00059216-00059471 so i mean the videos i think in life for
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00218-00059472-00059687 the most part is just a way of
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00219-00059688-00059894 introducing who you are
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00220-00059895-00059954 and
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00221-00059955-00060079 [Music]
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00222-00060079-00060263 people get to relate to you as a real
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00223-00060264-00060359 person
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00224-00060360-00060703 that's what i think videos are
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00225-00060704-00060806 so
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00226-00060807-00061063 okay uh all right well that's all i'm
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00227-00061064-00061326 gonna do with this and uh
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00228-00061327-00061479 have a nice day
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00229-00061479-00061830 bye
+UhHWP2mNVoM-00230-00061832-00062039 you
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00000-00000008-00000238 can follow us on social media with urban
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00001-00000239-00000342 tv
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00002-00000343-00000582 okay uh facebook
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00003-00000583-00000894 we as well on twitter urban tv instagram
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00004-00000896-00001215 same story you can you know hit the
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00007-00015368-00018350 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00008-00018351-00018630 on all platforms absolutely actually
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00009-00018631-00018927 your new vision is
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00010-00018928-00019383 mm-hmm
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00011-00019384-00019647 platform platform yes
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00012-00019648-00022367 yes
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00014-00027143-00028055 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00016-00032272-00033843 very
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00018-00039336-00039567 every day people thanking me yes that's
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00019-00039568-00040046 correct
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00020-00040047-00040302 i was brutally attacked surprisingly
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00021-00040303-00040543 people are thanking me to show you
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00022-00040544-00042071 what's to one minute
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00023-00042072-00042271 my wall
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00024-00042272-00042558 tv
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00025-00042559-00042862 tv get off my wall simple don't insult
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00026-00042863-00043135 me simple i even hired an assistant
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00027-00043136-00043462 coffee specifically to block people
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00029-00049056-00051838 it's a free
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00031-00057054-00057463 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00032-00057464-00057654 i'm here to inspire people
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00033-00057655-00057815 you don't like people like you why would
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00034-00057816-00057935 they like me
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00035-00057936-00058303 you're a great man
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00036-00058304-00058519 by the way
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00037-00058520-00058742 but genuinely they will disagree with
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00038-00058744-00061638 him but they will never insult me
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00039-00061639-00064287 yes
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00042-00072920-00073079 the smallest pattern your body will feel
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00043-00073080-00073279 the heat
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00044-00073280-00073687 what is this ammo city system
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00045-00073688-00073887 this is serious but that's wrong really
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00046-00073888-00074031 why would you use someone you know come
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00047-00074032-00074876 even in your wall
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00049-00078527-00078743 just started companies is incredible
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00050-00078744-00078935 corrupt business uganda
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00051-00078936-00079255 government whereas
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00052-00079256-00079831 ministries
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00055-00095896-00096711 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00056-00096712-00096918 day uh you know and all the fathers out
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00057-00096919-00097231 there as a father of course we expect
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00058-00097232-00097431 you
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00059-00097432-00097543 also
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00060-00097544-00097647 i don't know whether do you celebrate
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00061-00097648-00097782 this day
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00062-00097783-00098448 no see this is the city of celebrating
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00064-00102552-00102815 thank you for being a father
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00065-00102816-00103030 in others on behalf of all fathers yes
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00066-00103031-00103215 by inaugural celebrating
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00068-00106520-00106758 these guys were principled that's why
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00069-00106759-00107058 that's what it is
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00070-00107059-00107207 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00071-00107208-00107815 producing
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00072-00107816-00109231 foundations
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00074-00117416-00119477 um
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00076-00126032-00128502 um
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00078-00134167-00134359 but what makes you a parent is the
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00082-00149440-00149633 thank you so much
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00085-00162464-00162671 one bathroom
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00086-00162672-00163883 former us first lady
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00087-00163884-00164166 maria uh i don't have a university
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00088-00164167-00164414 maria yes okay how do you have at
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00089-00164415-00164751 university
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00090-00164752-00164966 but today last week
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00091-00164967-00165087 so
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00092-00165088-00165544 don't create an excuse
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00094-00173536-00174541 um
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00095-00174542-00175007 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00096-00175008-00176207 um
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00100-00212871-00213591 m
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00101-00213592-00213839 a certified political
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00102-00213840-00214119 activist one political leader
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00103-00214119-00215494 2004 have a deposition
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00104-00215496-00217087 sent
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00107-00236285-00237991 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00108-00237992-00240256 foreign
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00109-00240257-00241806 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00110-00241807-00242358 um
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00111-00242359-00244965 [Music]
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00118-00274440-00274743 bye
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00119-00274744-00274927 brought to you by metropolitan
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00120-00274928-00275182 international university a multi-campus
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00121-00275183-00275430 university with campuses in kampala
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00122-00275431-00275695 kisoro and bharara they offer various
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00123-00275696-00275903 courses in disciplines like computing
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00124-00275904-00276134 education humanities and social sciences
+Ul1ygKBYHPk-00125-00276135-00276488 business administration and many
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00000-00000771-00001604 [Music]
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00001-00001605-00001851 we all think that we're invincible and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00002-00001852-00002013 we assume that we're gonna live forever
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00003-00002014-00002301 but far too often life reminds us that
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00004-00002302-00002456 that's not the case
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00005-00002457-00002706 recently a family member of mine who had
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00006-00002707-00003021 worked hard his entire life found out
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00007-00003022-00003197 that he had cancer and he didn't have
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00008-00003198-00003528 much time left and one of the biggest
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00009-00003529-00003681 regrets that he had when he looked back
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00010-00003682-00003918 on his life was that he worked too hard
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00011-00003919-00004113 and he hadn't spent enough time with his
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00012-00004114-00004530 family so he impressed on his kids work
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00013-00004531-00004746 just a little less spend more time
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00014-00004747-00004997 together and most of all have fun
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00015-00004998-00005208 because spending time together as a
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00016-00005209-00005445 family is one of the most important
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00017-00005446-00005787 things we have you know we all have
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00018-00005788-00006006 plans and goals in life but sometimes
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00019-00006007-00006309 life takes us down a different road and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00020-00006310-00006816 we need to adapt so life is short take
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00021-00006817-00006888 vacations
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00022-00006889-00007083 you know while that's going to the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00023-00007084-00007341 Maldives on a beautiful beach or just go
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00024-00007342-00007574 into a lake cabin a couple hours away we
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00025-00007575-00007767 need to take off time from school and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00026-00007768-00008076 work to recharge our batteries and just
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00027-00008077-00008339 kind of kick back and relax sadly as
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00028-00008340-00008646 Americans we choose to spend too much
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00029-00008647-00008838 time at work and we don't take the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00030-00008839-00009153 vacation that we earned off to recharge
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00031-00009154-00009351 our batteries and enjoy life and this is
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00032-00009352-00009591 a serious problem so according to the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00033-00009592-00009864 research done by project time off 52% of
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00034-00009865-00010041 Americans aren't using all their
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00035-00010042-00010439 vacation this totals in astounding 212
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00036-00010440-00010677 million days that are forfeited
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00037-00010678-00010956 basically all these out these days 212
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00038-00010957-00011220 million days that you've earned have
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00039-00011221-00011373 been just given back to your employer
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00040-00011374-00011735 and that's just in the US alone another
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00041-00011736-00012024 stat 24% of us who are taking vacation
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00042-00012025-00012213 you're not actually even leaving home
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00043-00012214-00012467 you're just you know obviously there's
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00044-00012468-00012663 nothing wrong with being a homebody but
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00045-00012664-00012863 getting out there into the world it's
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00046-00012864-00013022 shown is a lot healthier for your
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00047-00013023-00013214 overall well-being and those of us that
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00048-00013215-00013580 are taking vacations 66% of you are
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00049-00013581-00013766 still working while you're on vacation
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00050-00013768-00014058 myself included and not being able to
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00051-00014059-00014267 disconnect is a huge problem
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00052-00014268-00014484 simply put many of us are missing out on
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00053-00014485-00014706 experiences memories and moments that
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00054-00014707-00014924 define us
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00055-00014925-00015141 so digging a little bit more into the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00056-00015141-00015312 research to that project time out did
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00057-00015313-00015536 there's a strong correlation between
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00058-00015537-00015882 travel and happiness those of us to use
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00059-00015883-00016131 more of our vacation time to travel are
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00060-00016132-00016380 happier and actually when you return
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00061-00016381-00016569 back to work you're more productive than
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00062-00016570-00016731 another person who's just been toiling
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00063-00016732-00016929 away in their cubicle never taking any
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00064-00016930-00017259 of your leave and surprisingly you're
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00065-00017260-00017418 more likely to be promoted at work if
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00066-00017419-00017607 you're the person who's on vacation all
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00067-00017608-00017862 the time which is like mind ballgame but
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00068-00017863-00018033 I think it goes back to the idea that if
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00069-00018034-00018192 you're happier and you're more
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00070-00018193-00018384 productive you're more likely to get
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00071-00018385-00018591 promoted and I think it takes a lot of
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00072-00018592-00018723 us a while to come to that conclusion
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00073-00018724-00018927 but once you realize that you're like
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00074-00018928-00019311 yeah this is pretty awesome I think one
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00075-00019312-00019485 of the big things is you know building
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00076-00019486-00019665 these stronger relationships traveling
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00077-00019666-00019842 with friends and family it's so
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00078-00019843-00020034 important like I said you know at the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00079-00020035-00020199 end of the day what do we really have at
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00080-00020200-00020442 the end it's friends and family and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00081-00020443-00020718 trying to enjoy life and the last
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00082-00020719-00020886 benefit of traveling the one that I
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00083-00020887-00021081 think really embodies you know the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00084-00021082-00021321 spirit of TEDx Fargo is seeing the world
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00085-00021322-00021531 and diversity in a new light in the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00086-00021532-00021696 polarized world that we live in
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00087-00021697-00021921 I think Travel is essential for breaking
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00088-00021922-00022107 down the walls and preconceived notions
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00089-00022108-00022308 that we have about other countries and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00090-00022309-00022713 other cultures so prioritize travel now
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00091-00022714-00022995 why wait why procrastinate why wait
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00092-00022996-00023277 until you're old and gray do it now
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00093-00023278-00023502 there's no reason not to I know some of
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00094-00023503-00023664 you are thinking I can't afford it I
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00095-00023665-00023847 can't do it but I'm sure that there's
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00096-00023848-00024078 plenty of ways that you could cut costs
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00097-00024079-00024243 and if you took you applied those
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00098-00024244-00024471 savings you put it towards travel you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00099-00024472-00024735 could afford it so saving and living a
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00100-00024736-00024909 frugal lifestyle it's the key to
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00101-00024910-00025335 unlocking a world of travel all right so
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00102-00025336-00025739 first myth travel is expensive can it be
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00103-00025741-00025984 expensive absolutely travel can be
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00104-00025985-00026295 disgustingly expensive and this stops
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00105-00026295-00026469 many people from doing it they just are
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00106-00026470-00026694 like not that key isn't for me can't
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00107-00026695-00026898 afford it too much credit card debt I
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00108-00026899-00027036 mean these are you hear this all the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00109-00027037-00027252 time so what we need to do is we need to
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00110-00027252-00027420 develop strategies and we need to use
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00111-00027420-00027758 tools in order to reduce those costs so
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00112-00027760-00027831 let's dig in
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00113-00027832-00028139 to it let's let's bust up this myth all
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00114-00028141-00028398 right first off there's some beautiful
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00115-00028399-00028536 things that have happened in the last 10
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00116-00028537-00028704 to 20 years and one of them is airline
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00117-00028705-00028914 competition there's been so many new
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00118-00028914-00029124 airlines that have popped up some ultra
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00119-00029125-00029322 low-cost carriers like spirit and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00120-00029323-00029577 frontier and also in these transatlantic
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00121-00029577-00029856 carriers like wow or a Norwegian you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00122-00029857-00029997 know Iceland air that have helped to
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00123-00029998-00030195 drive down prices and while I wouldn't
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00124-00030195-00030417 necessarily advocate for flying spirit
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00125-00030418-00030606 all the time in fact I have a saying
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00126-00030607-00031152 friends don't let friends fly spirit you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00127-00031152-00031314 know these these low-cost carriers have
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00128-00031314-00031520 been able to drive down prices and make
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00129-00031522-00031758 it cheaper for all of us to fly also
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00130-00031758-00031977 cheap oil cheap fuel you know up until
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00131-00031977-00032193 recently oils Minette you know some of
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00132-00032194-00032412 the lowest points in a long time and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00133-00032413-00032739 while it still has uptick airline prices
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00134-00032739-00032913 are as cheap now as they have ever been
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00135-00032914-00033180 in the history of aviation think about
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00136-00033181-00033444 that is a crazy concept twice used to
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00137-00033445-00033648 cost five thousand dollars in the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00138-00033649-00033921 seventh 70s to fly from New York to
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00139-00033922-00034050 London and you can now go there for
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00140-00034051-00034401 under $500 and now this sharing economy
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00141-00034402-00034686 this is is one of my favorite things and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00142-00034687-00034992 we're talking about air B&B VRBO you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00143-00034993-00035172 know lyft uber you don't need you name
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00144-00035173-00035328 it there's so many new ones popping up
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00145-00035329-00035514 all the time these these entrepreneurs
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00146-00035515-00035688 in different parts of the world that are
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00147-00035689-00035949 offering their homes you know for rent
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00148-00035950-00036168 or driving people around instead of you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00149-00036169-00036393 know using a traditional taxi and you it
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00150-00036394-00036570 offers an opportunity for us as
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00151-00036571-00036810 travelers to save and maybe do things
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00152-00036811-00037026 instead of say staying in a stuffy hotel
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00153-00037027-00037215 or it's you know sitting in that boring
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00154-00037216-00037491 taxi and it's it's created this
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00155-00037492-00037704 beautiful new economy that's helped you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00156-00037705-00037866 know build out you know so many new
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00157-00037867-00038238 relationships airline flash sales and I
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00158-00038239-00038388 can see the blank look on a lot of your
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00159-00038389-00038583 flight faces you're like what is an
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00160-00038584-00038736 airline flash sale so this is what I do
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00161-00038737-00038924 for a living the airlines have these
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00162-00038925-00039159 unadvertised sales that they don't want
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00163-00039160-00039438 any of you guys to know about and for
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00164-00039439-00039654 example most people don't know that at
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00165-00039655-00039876 least one or two times a month you can
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00166-00039877-00040164 fly from any city in the u.s. to Europe
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00167-00040165-00040395 for about four to five hundred dollars
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00168-00040396-00040530 they have these sales that last maybe
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00169-00040531-00040785 like five six seven hours and then
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00170-00040786-00040845 they're gone
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00171-00040846-00041133 even from Fargo so this is what I do for
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00172-00041134-00041211 a living and this is right
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00173-00041212-00041412 super excited about people who you know
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00174-00041413-00041607 think that flying you know to Europe is
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00175-00041608-00041739 something that's gonna be incredibly
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00176-00041740-00041886 expensive and that doesn't necessarily
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00177-00041887-00042140 need need to be the case bank
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00178-00042141-00042357 competition and we're not talking about
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00179-00042358-00042443 bank competition I'm talking about
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00180-00042444-00042662 credit card travel rewards so we have a
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00181-00042663-00042951 huge problem in this country with credit
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00182-00042952-00043215 card debt it is crushing but if you're
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00183-00043216-00043401 the kind of frugal person who's able to
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00184-00043402-00043614 pay off your cards every single month
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00185-00043615-00043806 taking advantage of those you know fifty
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00186-00043807-00043956 and sixty thousand dollars signup
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00187-00043957-00044223 bonuses that's the key to reducing your
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00188-00044224-00044529 travel costs all right so let's dig into
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00189-00044530-00044820 my favorite cheap travel tips first off
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00190-00044821-00044993 we need to reduce the cost of the two
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00191-00044994-00045231 most expensive components of your travel
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00192-00045232-00045452 reducing the cost of flights and lodging
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00193-00045453-00045609 so the first one search with Google
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00194-00045610-00045843 flights if you're using kayak Priceline
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00195-00045844-00046110 Expedia whatever stop use Google flights
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00196-00046111-00046352 all I do is search for flights at for a
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00197-00046353-00046587 living and it is go flights is without
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00198-00046588-00046824 question the number one tool follow
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00199-00046825-00047007 flight deal websites like thrifty
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00200-00047008-00047235 traveler or the flight deal calm you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00201-00047236-00047390 guys don't have time to be looking for
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00202-00047391-00047661 these fares but we do so follow us and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00203-00047662-00048039 figure it out use air B&B and VRBO
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00204-00048040-00048207 you know I was talking about stuffy
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00205-00048208-00048486 hotels you know Airbnb is incredible
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00206-00048487-00048618 that you can stay and you know like a
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00207-00048619-00048801 house you know unlike the coast in the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00208-00048802-00049058 Caribbean for you know pennies on the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00209-00049059-00049233 dollar in comparison to an expensive you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00210-00049234-00049455 know four or five star hotel also you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00211-00049456-00049743 know traveling with with friends and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00212-00049744-00049932 family you know abroad you know maybe
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00213-00049933-00050073 getting a house you know that you can
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00214-00050074-00050292 fit you know 10 or 15 people friends and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00215-00050293-00050537 family it's incredibly important you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00216-00050538-00050693 know to reduce costs so if you have a
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00217-00050694-00050898 $500 house and you get 10 people to stay
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00218-00050899-00051090 in it you know that's 50 bucks a night
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00219-00051091-00051280 and it's much cheaper than a hotel and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00220-00051282-00051479 maximizing that world of points and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00221-00051480-00051723 miles that I talked about this is the
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00222-00051724-00051912 thing that I created thrifty traveler
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00223-00051913-00052067 about just because like it's so excited
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00224-00052069-00052251 that you don't even need to pay money
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00225-00052252-00052529 for flights or hotels you can use all
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00226-00052530-00052674 these travel rewards and you don't even
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00227-00052675-00052839 need to travel to get them and that's
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00228-00052840-00052976 where the kind of the credit card travel
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00229-00052977-00053241 rewards comes about all right so don't
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00230-00053241-00053466 limit yourself the one thing that I
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00231-00053466-00053657 absolutely despise is the words
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00232-00053658-00053891 once-in-a-lifetime trip there should be
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00233-00053892-00054054 no such thing as a once-in-a-lifetime
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00234-00054054-00054329 trip you should travel early and you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00235-00054330-00054570 should travel often the world is
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00236-00054571-00054816 a beautiful and massive place and it
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00237-00054816-00055044 would be tragic for you not to go out
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00238-00055045-00055235 and explore as much of it as possible
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00239-00055236-00055512 when I quit my job my wife gave me a
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00240-00055513-00055701 card the morning right before I was
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00241-00055702-00055878 going to tell my corporate employer that
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00242-00055879-00056022 I was done and I was gonna do thrifty
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00243-00056023-00056196 traveller full-time and on the front of
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00244-00056197-00056457 this card it said do one thing every day
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00245-00056458-00056748 that scares you and I'm not a huge quote
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00246-00056749-00056982 person but this really resonated with me
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00247-00056983-00057264 and I think it can apply to travel as
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00248-00057265-00057495 well as everyday life whether eating
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00249-00057496-00057765 street food in Bangkok solo traveling in
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00250-00057766-00058077 New York or even giving a TED talk in
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00251-00058078-00058359 front of a sold-out crowd in Fargo you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00252-00058360-00058512 need to push yourself to take that
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00253-00058513-00058800 vacation try new things and visit new
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00254-00058801-00059124 places but most importantly have fun and
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00255-00059125-00059411 live without regrets thank you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00256-00059412-00059425 [Applause]
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00257-00059426-00060303 [Music]
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00258-00060304-00060678 [Music]
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00259-00060679-00060702 you
+Ulh8Oo3JpqU-00260-00060703-00061039 [Music]
+VoWshSjWAf4-00000-00000180-00000688 okay good so the first format of the CP
+VoWshSjWAf4-00001-00000689-00001043 equals is the Intensive one I call it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00002-00001044-00001289 like intensive CPA trap
+VoWshSjWAf4-00003-00001290-00001535 basically the people who are going to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00004-00001536-00001823 start doing it should already have C1
+VoWshSjWAf4-00005-00001823-00002123 level it can be higher so here I write
+VoWshSjWAf4-00006-00002124-00002531 like C1 Plus or even C2
+VoWshSjWAf4-00007-00002532-00002747 um you know why sometimes you have some
+VoWshSjWAf4-00008-00002748-00002939 colleagues come to take this course and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00009-00002940-00003131 they say okay I really need to do that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00010-00003132-00003401 but they have perfect English and their
+VoWshSjWAf4-00011-00003402-00003593 reason to do it is that with their
+VoWshSjWAf4-00012-00003594-00003922 perfect English they need to hone it for
+VoWshSjWAf4-00013-00003923-00004229 exam strategies and exam tasks
+VoWshSjWAf4-00014-00004230-00004456 uh because they for example have never
+VoWshSjWAf4-00015-00004457-00004781 done exam preparation at the CPE level
+VoWshSjWAf4-00016-00004782-00005135 so even with C2 it's it's a great place
+VoWshSjWAf4-00017-00005136-00005417 to come and do preparation but we all
+VoWshSjWAf4-00018-00005418-00005585 understand that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00019-00005586-00005836 um if you are based in Russia it's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00020-00005837-00005993 really challenging yeah so you can't
+VoWshSjWAf4-00021-00005994-00006311 take this exam in Russia now and if you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00022-00006312-00006484 are really intent on getting the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00023-00006486-00006713 certificate it will mean
+VoWshSjWAf4-00024-00006714-00006989 probably moving out of the country for a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00025-00006990-00007175 few days for a couple of days
+VoWshSjWAf4-00026-00007176-00007384 well I don't know I can't be very
+VoWshSjWAf4-00027-00007386-00007613 positive about the prospect of the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00028-00007614-00007781 Cambridge assessment exams coming back
+VoWshSjWAf4-00029-00007781-00008033 to us but things might change by the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00030-00008034-00008245 next summer so who knows
+VoWshSjWAf4-00031-00008246-00008489 provisionally will be people who take
+VoWshSjWAf4-00032-00008490-00008735 the Intensive course will probably be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00033-00008736-00009085 taking the exam either in June next year
+VoWshSjWAf4-00034-00009086-00009496 or probably like early in autumn
+VoWshSjWAf4-00035-00009497-00009856 uh I do recommend like still think of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00036-00009857-00010109 the opportunity to take an exam if you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00037-00010110-00010373 do uh this short preparation quote well
+VoWshSjWAf4-00038-00010374-00010535 it's not very short of course eight
+VoWshSjWAf4-00039-00010536-00010691 months but it's quite intensive because
+VoWshSjWAf4-00040-00010692-00011014 universe so much time money and energy
+VoWshSjWAf4-00041-00011015-00011405 into the preparation and uh if time when
+VoWshSjWAf4-00042-00011406-00011603 time passes and you don't take the exam
+VoWshSjWAf4-00043-00011604-00011878 your level stays with you some of your
+VoWshSjWAf4-00044-00011879-00012227 skills stay with you but not all of them
+VoWshSjWAf4-00045-00012228-00012509 and as time passes if you have a big gap
+VoWshSjWAf4-00046-00012510-00012778 between completing a course and taking
+VoWshSjWAf4-00047-00012779-00013060 your exam it might be harder and harder
+VoWshSjWAf4-00048-00013061-00013355 to actually enroll because somehow we
+VoWshSjWAf4-00049-00013356-00013553 start figuring that okay maybe I need
+VoWshSjWAf4-00050-00013554-00013703 more preparation time
+VoWshSjWAf4-00051-00013704-00014051 and again so it's this practice when
+VoWshSjWAf4-00052-00014052-00014272 it's no stop and then you take the exam
+VoWshSjWAf4-00053-00014273-00014513 usually the results are better
+VoWshSjWAf4-00054-00014513-00014819 also um if you want the Intensive course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00055-00014819-00015191 so it's a great idea to uh think of an
+VoWshSjWAf4-00056-00015191-00015394 option to take it to take the exam
+VoWshSjWAf4-00057-00015395-00015557 finally
+VoWshSjWAf4-00058-00015558-00015827 well uh so what else do you need to know
+VoWshSjWAf4-00059-00015828-00016216 uh when I say flipped classroom
+VoWshSjWAf4-00060-00016218-00016427 uh what I mean is that there's a lot of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00061-00016428-00016757 homework before we discuss some material
+VoWshSjWAf4-00062-00016758-00016858 in class
+VoWshSjWAf4-00063-00016859-00017129 so for example we uh well so this is the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00064-00017130-00017483 book we use expert proficiency and if
+VoWshSjWAf4-00065-00017484-00017657 you don't know it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00066-00017658-00017855 I'll just tell you it consists so each
+VoWshSjWAf4-00067-00017856-00018077 big really big module consists of two
+VoWshSjWAf4-00068-00018078-00018394 sub modules A and B the same topic for
+VoWshSjWAf4-00069-00018395-00018749 example in module one it will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00070-00018750-00018941 um one Performing Arts
+VoWshSjWAf4-00071-00018942-00019277 and a is have you got what it takes like
+VoWshSjWAf4-00072-00019278-00019457 skills and talents people need to be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00073-00019458-00019769 doing art and module 1B is it's live
+VoWshSjWAf4-00074-00019770-00020003 about performances live performances and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00075-00020004-00020200 Performing Arts but there are two
+VoWshSjWAf4-00076-00020201-00020447 separate sub modules and they're pretty
+VoWshSjWAf4-00077-00020448-00020777 big anyway okay I'll just give you some
+VoWshSjWAf4-00078-00020778-00021053 idea if you don't know the book one sub
+VoWshSjWAf4-00079-00021054-00021563 module like 1A is from page seven
+VoWshSjWAf4-00080-00021564-00021844 two pages
+VoWshSjWAf4-00081-00021845-00022271 14 inclusive which means uh eight yeah I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00082-00022272-00022535 suppose eight pages eight pages packed
+VoWshSjWAf4-00083-00022536-00022930 with vocabulary uh like reading speaking
+VoWshSjWAf4-00084-00022931-00023327 uses of English and grammar and all this
+VoWshSjWAf4-00085-00023328-00023578 has to be done for one class within one
+VoWshSjWAf4-00086-00023579-00023789 week so that's quite a lot of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00087-00023790-00023957 preparation and you should understand
+VoWshSjWAf4-00088-00023958-00024286 that you do have
+VoWshSjWAf4-00089-00024287-00024341 um
+VoWshSjWAf4-00090-00024342-00024677 three or four hours a week to prepare
+VoWshSjWAf4-00091-00024678-00024971 for your class then uh an hour and 20
+VoWshSjWAf4-00092-00024972-00025205 minutes for the class itself
+VoWshSjWAf4-00093-00025206-00025469 and then there will be some more classes
+VoWshSjWAf4-00094-00025470-00025643 within a month I'll tell you a little
+VoWshSjWAf4-00095-00025644-00025840 bit about that later
+VoWshSjWAf4-00096-00025841-00026050 well so quite a lot of homework for that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00097-00026051-00026320 and uh in a couple of minutes I'll show
+VoWshSjWAf4-00098-00026322-00026687 you what the study plan looks like for
+VoWshSjWAf4-00099-00026688-00026843 the Intensive course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00100-00026844-00027005 so that's what the flipped classroom
+VoWshSjWAf4-00101-00027006-00027257 means well the groups are pretty small
+VoWshSjWAf4-00102-00027258-00027473 they could be even free people but
+VoWshSjWAf4-00103-00027474-00027808 ideally for people there might be six
+VoWshSjWAf4-00104-00027810-00028012 but usually there are four people in
+VoWshSjWAf4-00105-00028013-00028145 each group and that's a great
+VoWshSjWAf4-00106-00028145-00028427 opportunity to work in pairs a lot of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00107-00028427-00028679 the time practice and speaking and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00108-00028680-00028949 working on constructions of grammar and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00109-00028950-00029117 vocabulary
+VoWshSjWAf4-00110-00029118-00029531 well great then um apart from one class
+VoWshSjWAf4-00111-00029532-00029908 a week like regular classes I you also
+VoWshSjWAf4-00112-00029910-00030023 get
+VoWshSjWAf4-00113-00030024-00030239 other things once a month there will
+VoWshSjWAf4-00114-00030239-00030418 there will be a free speaking Club
+VoWshSjWAf4-00115-00030419-00030707 session and it's not anything separate
+VoWshSjWAf4-00116-00030708-00031007 arranged specifically for my C2 students
+VoWshSjWAf4-00117-00031008-00031337 it's the general speaking Club at the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00118-00031338-00031607 advanced level which I run so it has a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00119-00031608-00031739 schedule for example now it's only
+VoWshSjWAf4-00120-00031739-00032020 Tuesday but I'm hoping to open two more
+VoWshSjWAf4-00121-00032022-00032314 uh jobs the I hope one of them will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00122-00032316-00032524 launching quite soon on Saturday in the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00123-00032525-00032831 morning the the other one will probably
+VoWshSjWAf4-00124-00032832-00033101 launch a bit later on Thursday in the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00125-00033102-00033293 evening so now there's one option
+VoWshSjWAf4-00126-00033294-00033515 Tuesday morning but later there will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00127-00033516-00033737 at least one more or maybe two more and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00128-00033738-00034024 although students will get the timetable
+VoWshSjWAf4-00129-00034025-00034252 from me with all the topics like which
+VoWshSjWAf4-00130-00034253-00034445 date and which topic is in the speaking
+VoWshSjWAf4-00131-00034446-00034529 Club
+VoWshSjWAf4-00132-00034530-00034768 and they will be able to choose one of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00133-00034769-00035027 them in a month if they want more
+VoWshSjWAf4-00134-00035028-00035224 speaking Club they will pay at a really
+VoWshSjWAf4-00135-00035225-00035602 reduced rate with 30 off but one a month
+VoWshSjWAf4-00136-00035603-00035723 will be for free
+VoWshSjWAf4-00137-00035724-00035879 and they will be able to choose the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00138-00035880-00036071 topic which they feel they don't have
+VoWshSjWAf4-00139-00036072-00036317 enough speaking practice on
+VoWshSjWAf4-00140-00036318-00036605 and one more thing is this exam booster
+VoWshSjWAf4-00141-00036606-00036851 Workshop we're going to run them I ask
+VoWshSjWAf4-00142-00036852-00037102 I'll start running them either later in
+VoWshSjWAf4-00143-00037103-00037396 October or starting in November once a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00144-00037397-00037673 month I will arrange for all my C2
+VoWshSjWAf4-00145-00037674-00037924 students for a longer course for a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00146-00037925-00038099 shorter course and maybe some more
+VoWshSjWAf4-00147-00038100-00038230 people who might like just to come
+VoWshSjWAf4-00148-00038231-00038530 although they are not doing one courses
+VoWshSjWAf4-00149-00038531-00038873 um a workshop dedicated to one exam
+VoWshSjWAf4-00150-00038874-00039343 aspect and there are actually Four exam
+VoWshSjWAf4-00151-00039344-00039580 aspects but we can say five because
+VoWshSjWAf4-00152-00039581-00039802 reading and use of English go as one
+VoWshSjWAf4-00153-00039803-00039935 paper but they are quite different
+VoWshSjWAf4-00154-00039936-00040199 assets so we can count five exact
+VoWshSjWAf4-00155-00040200-00040540 aspects and within this uh Academic Year
+VoWshSjWAf4-00156-00040541-00040752 once a month there are going to be eight
+VoWshSjWAf4-00157-00040753-00041165 workshops once a month uh which means
+VoWshSjWAf4-00158-00041166-00041255 that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00159-00041256-00041530 some aspects will be considered only in
+VoWshSjWAf4-00160-00041531-00041740 one workshop and we will take an
+VoWshSjWAf4-00161-00041741-00041890 overview and work on some exam
+VoWshSjWAf4-00162-00041891-00042209 strategies while with other more complex
+VoWshSjWAf4-00163-00042210-00042605 exam aspects like writing uh there will
+VoWshSjWAf4-00164-00042606-00042839 be more workshops too
+VoWshSjWAf4-00165-00042840-00043030 right so but that's one once a month so
+VoWshSjWAf4-00166-00043031-00043240 again in terms of the time that you need
+VoWshSjWAf4-00167-00043241-00043433 to allow
+VoWshSjWAf4-00168-00043434-00043696 and allocate for your studying on an
+VoWshSjWAf4-00169-00043697-00043961 intensive version of the course it's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00170-00043962-00044273 like um one hour and 20 minutes for one
+VoWshSjWAf4-00171-00044274-00044549 regular class once a week
+VoWshSjWAf4-00172-00044550-00044824 then once a month one Speaking club
+VoWshSjWAf4-00173-00044825-00045029 either one hour on Thursday or one hour
+VoWshSjWAf4-00174-00045030-00045305 and 20 minutes Tuesday or Saturday and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00175-00045306-00045515 one hour and we'll see maybe even two
+VoWshSjWAf4-00176-00045516-00045718 hours I'll see probably the exam booster
+VoWshSjWAf4-00177-00045719-00045911 workshops will be much longer might be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00178-00045912-00046139 after two hours once a month
+VoWshSjWAf4-00179-00046140-00046637 so all in all it amounts to up to five
+VoWshSjWAf4-00180-00046638-00047080 minimum hours of quick study a week
+VoWshSjWAf4-00181-00047081-00047345 sounds more like six hours of studying
+VoWshSjWAf4-00182-00047346-00047602 every week so um if you are considering
+VoWshSjWAf4-00183-00047603-00047789 taking the Intensive course just think
+VoWshSjWAf4-00184-00047790-00048018 if you can't afford the time
+VoWshSjWAf4-00185-00048019-00048340 because very often people might start
+VoWshSjWAf4-00186-00048341-00048539 with a lot of enthusiasm and then a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00187-00048540-00048724 month later they will actually realize
+VoWshSjWAf4-00188-00048725-00048935 that that's a lot of work they will feel
+VoWshSjWAf4-00189-00048936-00049162 snow down there and say okay well maybe
+VoWshSjWAf4-00190-00049163-00049330 I need to have a life
+VoWshSjWAf4-00191-00049331-00049673 and yeah so just try to see how much
+VoWshSjWAf4-00192-00049674-00049895 time you can afford for that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00193-00049896-00050267 right then the fees are here I'll just
+VoWshSjWAf4-00194-00050268-00050411 briefly comment why there are two
+VoWshSjWAf4-00195-00050412-00050674 different uh types of fees if you pay
+VoWshSjWAf4-00196-00050675-00051007 for one month it's the higher Figure 6
+VoWshSjWAf4-00197-00051008-00051346 900. uh it includes all that I've
+VoWshSjWAf4-00198-00051347-00051599 mentioned like four classes all the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00199-00051600-00051754 materials structured actually I give I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00200-00051755-00051952 provide a lot of supplementary materials
+VoWshSjWAf4-00201-00051953-00052223 including Quizlet sets and some other
+VoWshSjWAf4-00202-00052224-00052438 materials a lot of them speaking Club
+VoWshSjWAf4-00203-00052439-00052666 earned examples to workshop with all the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00204-00052667-00052997 materials included too plus it also
+VoWshSjWAf4-00205-00052998-00053357 includes me checking your writing one
+VoWshSjWAf4-00206-00053358-00053561 big example with writing piece every
+VoWshSjWAf4-00207-00053562-00053675 month
+VoWshSjWAf4-00208-00053676-00054094 uh there could be more peer checked you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00209-00054095-00054323 have checked by other students I provide
+VoWshSjWAf4-00210-00054324-00054575 a checklist like how to check we discuss
+VoWshSjWAf4-00211-00054576-00054797 all that you see how I check your
+VoWshSjWAf4-00212-00054798-00055013 writing pieces and then you get another
+VoWshSjWAf4-00213-00055014-00055294 another student's piece of writing and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00214-00055295-00055475 you check according to all the criteria
+VoWshSjWAf4-00215-00055476-00055732 that we have discussed by that time
+VoWshSjWAf4-00216-00055733-00056032 so all this is part of the payment but
+VoWshSjWAf4-00217-00056033-00056261 if you prefer to pay for longer time for
+VoWshSjWAf4-00218-00056262-00056525 12 classes which is three months you get
+VoWshSjWAf4-00219-00056526-00056903 a it's like 17 or 15 discount and that's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00220-00056904-00057125 what you what it looks like for one
+VoWshSjWAf4-00221-00057126-00057511 month but of course you pay like 17
+VoWshSjWAf4-00222-00057512-00058030 700 for three months in one payment
+VoWshSjWAf4-00223-00058032-00058300 well right
+VoWshSjWAf4-00224-00058301-00058630 so well these ones now they're okay I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00225-00058632-00058775 think I'll just delete these because
+VoWshSjWAf4-00226-00058776-00059015 well these are not relevant anymore it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00227-00059016-00059171 looks like it's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00228-00059172-00059447 um one moment it's either
+VoWshSjWAf4-00229-00059448-00059735 it's either Tuesday for the Intensive
+VoWshSjWAf4-00230-00059736-00060161 course or Saturday so one of these days
+VoWshSjWAf4-00231-00060162-00060413 I'll talk again to you after I mean to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00232-00060414-00060713 those who were going to take part uh in
+VoWshSjWAf4-00233-00060714-00060971 the course I'll finalize it within a few
+VoWshSjWAf4-00234-00060972-00061223 days so that we decide about next week
+VoWshSjWAf4-00235-00061224-00061469 and we might even start next week so if
+VoWshSjWAf4-00236-00061470-00061697 things get fine so these are the two
+VoWshSjWAf4-00237-00061698-00061841 options I'm considering now but there
+VoWshSjWAf4-00238-00061841-00062123 will be just one minute group
+VoWshSjWAf4-00239-00062124-00062392 right any questions so far about the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00240-00062394-00062904 Intensive way of preparing for the exam
+VoWshSjWAf4-00241-00062905-00063197 okay so I'll show you what the materials
+VoWshSjWAf4-00242-00063198-00063388 look like and first of all I'll start
+VoWshSjWAf4-00243-00063389-00063785 with the what I call the study plan this
+VoWshSjWAf4-00244-00063786-00063988 one is for the active group I'll scroll
+VoWshSjWAf4-00245-00063989-00064247 up and maybe I'll show you like it in
+VoWshSjWAf4-00246-00064248-00064500 perspective 50 scale
+VoWshSjWAf4-00247-00064501-00064816 that's what it looks like we are not
+VoWshSjWAf4-00248-00064817-00064930 done yet
+VoWshSjWAf4-00249-00064932-00065111 but we're close to the end of this
+VoWshSjWAf4-00250-00065112-00065285 course this course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00251-00065286-00065573 uh was supposed to last for nine months
+VoWshSjWAf4-00252-00065574-00065861 but because the exams were canceled and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00253-00065862-00066047 my students understood that they were
+VoWshSjWAf4-00254-00066048-00066388 not taking them last well that summer uh
+VoWshSjWAf4-00255-00066389-00066682 anyway so we decided to extend it and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00256-00066683-00066905 this group is going to go on until
+VoWshSjWAf4-00257-00066906-00067253 December this year so I'll make it a bit
+VoWshSjWAf4-00258-00067254-00067493 bigger and explain what you what sort of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00259-00067494-00067667 things you will find in the study plan
+VoWshSjWAf4-00260-00067668-00067931 so again for for the for the people who
+VoWshSjWAf4-00261-00067932-00068117 are present here and for those who are
+VoWshSjWAf4-00262-00068118-00068273 just thinking of taking the more
+VoWshSjWAf4-00263-00068274-00068615 extended two-year version of the course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00264-00068616-00068915 the study plan will not look like this
+VoWshSjWAf4-00265-00068916-00069149 don't you be worried because it will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00266-00069150-00069406 twice as light
+VoWshSjWAf4-00269-00075864-00076103 aesthetic plan so okay Switching back to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00270-00076104-00076373 English as I promised so this is the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00271-00076374-00076588 Intensive course that declare
+VoWshSjWAf4-00272-00076589-00076805 and we have rubrics like
+VoWshSjWAf4-00273-00076806-00076865 um
+VoWshSjWAf4-00274-00076866-00077171 topics and skills basically the way they
+VoWshSjWAf4-00275-00077172-00077441 are given in the expert course book
+VoWshSjWAf4-00276-00077442-00077861 then tasks from the expert course book
+VoWshSjWAf4-00277-00077862-00078112 extra vocabulary or revision of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00278-00078113-00078232 vocabulary
+VoWshSjWAf4-00279-00078233-00078449 grammar interests of English which can
+VoWshSjWAf4-00280-00078450-00078688 be supplementary throughout the course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00281-00078689-00078850 but closer to the end it becomes
+VoWshSjWAf4-00282-00078851-00079115 obligatory writing
+VoWshSjWAf4-00283-00079116-00079331 exam speaking practice which appears
+VoWshSjWAf4-00284-00079332-00079459 later
+VoWshSjWAf4-00285-00079460-00079715 supplementary listening and reading like
+VoWshSjWAf4-00286-00079716-00080050 I provide YouTube videos some audios
+VoWshSjWAf4-00287-00080051-00080309 podcasts related to the topic that we're
+VoWshSjWAf4-00288-00080310-00080561 doing and that's important to do that at
+VoWshSjWAf4-00289-00080562-00080797 least 15 for 50 minutes every day
+VoWshSjWAf4-00290-00080798-00081094 ideally for longer but you're traveling
+VoWshSjWAf4-00291-00081095-00081353 somewhere just open these links and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00292-00081354-00081526 listen to you something related to the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00293-00081527-00081682 topic really
+VoWshSjWAf4-00294-00081683-00081953 and yeah and tests as I said
+VoWshSjWAf4-00295-00081954-00082288 so uh for what could homework look like
+VoWshSjWAf4-00296-00082289-00082535 for one class let me just find something
+VoWshSjWAf4-00297-00082536-00082900 more typical sometimes it's like this so
+VoWshSjWAf4-00298-00082901-00083056 you have a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00299-00083057-00083471 a few pages up to seven pages for the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00300-00083472-00083693 Intensive course it's seven pages of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00301-00083694-00083962 tasks from the course book
+VoWshSjWAf4-00302-00083963-00084269 optional vocabulary is usually kind of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00303-00084270-00084544 optional but highly recommended
+VoWshSjWAf4-00304-00084545-00084899 some links to check topical vocabulary
+VoWshSjWAf4-00305-00084900-00085144 and probably that will be all
+VoWshSjWAf4-00306-00085145-00085379 right locks anyway
+VoWshSjWAf4-00307-00085380-00085732 on other days there will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00308-00085733-00086032 let's select list again course book a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00309-00086033-00086194 few pages
+VoWshSjWAf4-00310-00086195-00086512 vocabulary revision just I put together
+VoWshSjWAf4-00311-00086513-00086741 what we did in class into a PDF file
+VoWshSjWAf4-00312-00086742-00086926 from the mirror board and you just look
+VoWshSjWAf4-00313-00086927-00087275 through or you go through Quizlet sets
+VoWshSjWAf4-00314-00087276-00087575 grammar from two grammar books optional
+VoWshSjWAf4-00315-00087576-00087809 why is it optional because sometimes you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00316-00087810-00087988 start doing exercises from the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00317-00087989-00088156 coursework and you understand that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00318-00088157-00088379 basically you are fine you started the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00319-00088380-00088649 topic well enough you don't seem to make
+VoWshSjWAf4-00320-00088650-00088961 mistakes so for now you don't really
+VoWshSjWAf4-00321-00088962-00089261 need to to have any more extra practice
+VoWshSjWAf4-00322-00089262-00089549 but if you have mistakes when doing the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00323-00089550-00089825 course book then it's a good idea to do
+VoWshSjWAf4-00324-00089826-00090059 the same topic using some extra
+VoWshSjWAf4-00325-00090060-00090299 resources
+VoWshSjWAf4-00326-00090300-00090575 then writing some Preparatory things but
+VoWshSjWAf4-00327-00090576-00090868 whenever writing is marked with green
+VoWshSjWAf4-00328-00090869-00091091 it means that it's time to actually
+VoWshSjWAf4-00329-00091092-00091385 write not just prepare of course we
+VoWshSjWAf4-00330-00091386-00091643 discuss in class how to do that but it's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00331-00091644-00091841 time to actually write and have a look
+VoWshSjWAf4-00332-00091842-00092105 how big this task looks
+VoWshSjWAf4-00333-00092106-00092332 uh it's not just right
+VoWshSjWAf4-00334-00092333-00092656 you know the deadline let me make it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00335-00092657-00092956 for you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00336-00092957-00093203 the deadline or what can help
+VoWshSjWAf4-00337-00093204-00093359 but they cause a book just go back
+VoWshSjWAf4-00338-00093360-00093647 revise before you start writing look at
+VoWshSjWAf4-00339-00093648-00093815 some samples
+VoWshSjWAf4-00340-00093816-00094103 a look at the modal article you might
+VoWshSjWAf4-00341-00094104-00094462 like to check the modal article in the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00342-00094463-00094631 resource book
+VoWshSjWAf4-00343-00094632-00094931 then after you've written it edit and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00344-00094932-00095153 you've got the checklist and the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00345-00095154-00095309 assessment sheet that examiners
+VoWshSjWAf4-00346-00095310-00095621 typically use and students can use too
+VoWshSjWAf4-00347-00095622-00095855 at this scale actually we discussed that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00348-00095856-00096065 in class but it's all put together so
+VoWshSjWAf4-00349-00096066-00096382 the way uh well it looks big
+VoWshSjWAf4-00350-00096383-00096700 but basically it means like write one
+VoWshSjWAf4-00351-00096701-00096803 piece
+VoWshSjWAf4-00352-00096804-00096988 and all the other things are just there
+VoWshSjWAf4-00353-00096989-00097235 to help you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00354-00097236-00097523 okay if you have questions straight away
+VoWshSjWAf4-00355-00097524-00097775 you can write them in the chat box
+VoWshSjWAf4-00356-00097776-00098171 oh so that's what it looks like
+VoWshSjWAf4-00357-00098172-00098375 uh so sometimes there are a lot of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00358-00098376-00098561 supplementary listening and reading
+VoWshSjWAf4-00359-00098562-00098861 links but the topic one topic is done
+VoWshSjWAf4-00360-00098862-00099167 during two classes within two classes
+VoWshSjWAf4-00361-00099168-00099388 sorry two classes plus one extra class
+VoWshSjWAf4-00362-00099389-00099761 to revise one class module one a second
+VoWshSjWAf4-00363-00099762-00100091 class module one B one third class to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00364-00100092-00100415 revise and do exam practice on the topic
+VoWshSjWAf4-00365-00100416-00100649 that's for the Intensive course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00366-00100650-00100853 uh but those supplemental reading and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00367-00100854-00101021 listening links well you just do them
+VoWshSjWAf4-00368-00101022-00101224 whenever you have time not all of them
+VoWshSjWAf4-00369-00101225-00101573 just some of them just as you see fit
+VoWshSjWAf4-00370-00101574-00101824 and from time to time especially
+VoWshSjWAf4-00371-00101825-00102137 starting in Winter we start doing uh we
+VoWshSjWAf4-00372-00102138-00102274 start doing tests
+VoWshSjWAf4-00373-00102275-00102394 it's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00374-00102395-00102580 well it's not at first it's not the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00375-00102581-00102778 complete test it could be like reading
+VoWshSjWAf4-00376-00102779-00102982 and use of English next time it will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00377-00102983-00103210 all listening and speaking but closer to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00378-00103211-00103373 the end of the course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00379-00103374-00103721 uh in April in May you will definitely
+VoWshSjWAf4-00380-00103722-00103949 have to be doing complete tests practice
+VoWshSjWAf4-00381-00103950-00104242 tests and we will be looking at which
+VoWshSjWAf4-00382-00104243-00104440 strategies you used how you could have
+VoWshSjWAf4-00383-00104441-00104716 avoided mistakes and so on
+VoWshSjWAf4-00384-00104717-00104981 well so
+VoWshSjWAf4-00385-00104982-00105340 um maybe I'll also show you the mirror
+VoWshSjWAf4-00386-00105341-00105484 board for the course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00387-00105485-00105713 because I put a lot of the materials
+VoWshSjWAf4-00388-00105714-00105989 there a lot of writing samples or
+VoWshSjWAf4-00389-00105990-00106219 accommodations from Cambridge assessment
+VoWshSjWAf4-00390-00106220-00106577 then for each format there will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00391-00106578-00106865 separate board
+VoWshSjWAf4-00392-00106866-00107057 and this is what I use for example to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00393-00107058-00107189 work in class
+VoWshSjWAf4-00394-00107190-00107423 with that because we will be discussing
+VoWshSjWAf4-00395-00107424-00107693 the format how to do that the call to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00396-00107694-00108031 write reviews of a type of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00397-00108032-00108293 subtopics to mention if you are writing
+VoWshSjWAf4-00398-00108294-00108473 a review of a book for example or a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00399-00108474-00108623 review of a film
+VoWshSjWAf4-00400-00108624-00108899 and we'll be looking at some rules of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00401-00108900-00109073 how to do that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00402-00109074-00109240 okay it's loading so it's getting
+VoWshSjWAf4-00403-00109241-00109528 clearer and clearer yeah what sort of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00404-00109529-00109751 layout for example a critical review
+VoWshSjWAf4-00405-00109752-00109966 should have
+VoWshSjWAf4-00406-00109967-00110266 and definitely we will be looking at
+VoWshSjWAf4-00407-00110267-00110686 sample reviews and discussing like what
+VoWshSjWAf4-00408-00110688-00110986 sort of layouts it has
+VoWshSjWAf4-00409-00110988-00111245 if it can be possibly improved
+VoWshSjWAf4-00410-00111246-00111563 we'll be looking at those which were
+VoWshSjWAf4-00411-00111564-00111695 assessed
+VoWshSjWAf4-00412-00111696-00112102 but you won't know the mark and you will
+VoWshSjWAf4-00413-00112103-00112439 try to assess a sample answer on your
+VoWshSjWAf4-00414-00112440-00112673 own as if you were a Cambridge examiner
+VoWshSjWAf4-00415-00112674-00112919 and all of them we would see the marks
+VoWshSjWAf4-00416-00112920-00113171 and discuss well how your assessment was
+VoWshSjWAf4-00417-00113172-00113369 closed to Cambridge examiner's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00418-00113370-00113501 assessment
+VoWshSjWAf4-00419-00113502-00113789 but for my students to find it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00420-00113790-00114113 convenient to use these materials I um
+VoWshSjWAf4-00421-00114114-00114316 well they have access to these mirror
+VoWshSjWAf4-00422-00114317-00114604 board but at the same time I create PDF
+VoWshSjWAf4-00423-00114605-00114760 files look
+VoWshSjWAf4-00424-00114761-00115031 presentation so all these will be on
+VoWshSjWAf4-00425-00115032-00115289 separate pages in a PDF file and you'll
+VoWshSjWAf4-00426-00115290-00115583 just get a big pack a thick file yeah
+VoWshSjWAf4-00427-00115583-00115858 say like how to write a review for CP
+VoWshSjWAf4-00428-00115859-00116123 with all this but on separate pages
+VoWshSjWAf4-00429-00116124-00116393 which will be really convenient
+VoWshSjWAf4-00430-00116394-00116597 yeah so and now I'd like to show you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00431-00116598-00116986 what what ordinary class materials look
+VoWshSjWAf4-00432-00116988-00117215 like here
+VoWshSjWAf4-00433-00117216-00117623 okay let it be module six let's jump
+VoWshSjWAf4-00434-00117624-00117793 here
+VoWshSjWAf4-00435-00117794-00118127 okay for example travel so I take some
+VoWshSjWAf4-00436-00118128-00118295 parts from the book
+VoWshSjWAf4-00437-00118296-00118607 and add more and kind of rearrange all
+VoWshSjWAf4-00438-00118608-00118828 the materials so that they are maybe
+VoWshSjWAf4-00439-00118829-00119134 more colorful more convenient to use and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00440-00119135-00119333 so that there are more of them basically
+VoWshSjWAf4-00441-00119333-00119639 so like this was taken from the book
+VoWshSjWAf4-00442-00119640-00119836 and the words were taken from the book
+VoWshSjWAf4-00443-00119838-00120160 but we were brainstorming also some
+VoWshSjWAf4-00444-00120161-00120460 synonyms and now they are locked but
+VoWshSjWAf4-00445-00120461-00120802 when they're not actually at first they
+VoWshSjWAf4-00446-00120803-00121043 were at random and all together we were
+VoWshSjWAf4-00447-00121044-00121223 discussing what synonyms they might be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00448-00121224-00121469 and we were rearranging on this right on
+VoWshSjWAf4-00449-00121470-00121643 the board together
+VoWshSjWAf4-00450-00121644-00121973 uh Sometimes I cover part of that and I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00451-00121974-00122171 ask my students to brainstorm something
+VoWshSjWAf4-00452-00122172-00122434 and only then I open it and they see the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00453-00122435-00122704 answers the original answers but anyway
+VoWshSjWAf4-00454-00122705-00122908 so for every class there will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00455-00122909-00123143 something usually quite a lot on the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00456-00123144-00123454 board and I usually give prompts with
+VoWshSjWAf4-00457-00123455-00123665 some interesting phrases not just topic
+VoWshSjWAf4-00458-00123666-00123916 material topic calculator
+VoWshSjWAf4-00459-00123917-00124225 like preferences when traveling
+VoWshSjWAf4-00460-00124226-00124510 wandering haphazard network of back
+VoWshSjWAf4-00461-00124511-00124786 streets amidst the hustle and also have
+VoWshSjWAf4-00462-00124788-00125075 four tricks all right so at least come
+VoWshSjWAf4-00463-00125076-00125345 from the texts that we discussed before
+VoWshSjWAf4-00464-00125346-00125615 so they don't come out of the blue so
+VoWshSjWAf4-00465-00125616-00125801 they're like wow what's the frauds
+VoWshSjWAf4-00466-00125802-00126010 what's thought yeah so like and they
+VoWshSjWAf4-00467-00126011-00126208 don't know of course they know but I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00468-00126209-00126454 prefer to make it more visual for them
+VoWshSjWAf4-00469-00126455-00126725 and like ways of expressing opinion
+VoWshSjWAf4-00470-00126726-00126916 agreeing and disagreeing they appear
+VoWshSjWAf4-00471-00126917-00127084 again and again
+VoWshSjWAf4-00472-00127085-00127277 sometimes they are the same in a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00473-00127278-00127504 different place sometimes they will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00474-00127505-00127757 different for different ways of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00475-00127758-00127931 expressing opinion
+VoWshSjWAf4-00476-00127932-00128225 so like like here for example how to ask
+VoWshSjWAf4-00477-00128226-00128578 for opinion so here's a question but you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00478-00128579-00128902 can also see uh interesting phrases as
+VoWshSjWAf4-00479-00128903-00129060 when you are discussing something
+VoWshSjWAf4-00480-00129061-00129334 sometimes I show them and the students
+VoWshSjWAf4-00481-00129335-00129540 are talking in they can't say these
+VoWshSjWAf4-00482-00129541-00129814 sometimes I don't show them we look
+VoWshSjWAf4-00483-00129815-00130073 first they could write down a couple of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00484-00130074-00130258 phrases they want to use in their speech
+VoWshSjWAf4-00485-00130259-00130457 and then I don't show because they need
+VoWshSjWAf4-00486-00130458-00130751 to train their memory too not just this
+VoWshSjWAf4-00487-00130752-00131128 so basically uh let me give you a bird's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00488-00131129-00131477 eye view of this
+VoWshSjWAf4-00489-00131478-00131854 so for each module I have one line for
+VoWshSjWAf4-00490-00131855-00132040 each module okay it looks a bit
+VoWshSjWAf4-00491-00132041-00132257 cluttered like this but basically it's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00492-00132258-00132607 fine like one module from left to right
+VoWshSjWAf4-00493-00132608-00133013 next module and so on
+VoWshSjWAf4-00494-00133014-00133240 so something like this
+VoWshSjWAf4-00495-00133241-00133499 okay and again as soon as we're done
+VoWshSjWAf4-00496-00133500-00133702 with one module
+VoWshSjWAf4-00497-00133703-00133978 yep so I'll just show you some more uh
+VoWshSjWAf4-00498-00133979-00134116 like there's a question
+VoWshSjWAf4-00499-00134117-00134351 and before I ask a question okay now you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00500-00134352-00134519 speak for two minutes of course we
+VoWshSjWAf4-00501-00134520-00134777 brainstorm some of the ideas here were
+VoWshSjWAf4-00502-00134778-00135011 not something that I so it's not just me
+VoWshSjWAf4-00503-00135012-00135304 who puts information here uh quite often
+VoWshSjWAf4-00504-00135305-00135539 we brainstorm and my students will
+VoWshSjWAf4-00505-00135540-00135707 either write in the chat in the chat box
+VoWshSjWAf4-00506-00135708-00136019 in Zoom or sometimes write on the mutual
+VoWshSjWAf4-00507-00136020-00136204 board and then I will just arrange it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00508-00136205-00136397 beautifully okay so you have a lot of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00509-00136398-00136613 ideas take another look and now you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00510-00136614-00136763 start speaking
+VoWshSjWAf4-00511-00136764-00136961 right so there are some videos some
+VoWshSjWAf4-00512-00136962-00137266 extra videos and so on well and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00513-00137267-00137519 basically whenever we are done with one
+VoWshSjWAf4-00514-00137520-00137878 module I put all these
+VoWshSjWAf4-00515-00137879-00138202 um frames in a PDF file and my students
+VoWshSjWAf4-00516-00138203-00138449 get this as something supplementary to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00517-00138450-00138599 the course book
+VoWshSjWAf4-00518-00138600-00138839 so again partially it's from the course
+VoWshSjWAf4-00519-00138840-00139102 book but there are a lot of facts yeah
+VoWshSjWAf4-00520-00139103-00139247 sorry and sometimes we will be making
+VoWshSjWAf4-00521-00139248-00139469 contacts adding something all together
+VoWshSjWAf4-00522-00139470-00139823 and they revise and they remember how we
+VoWshSjWAf4-00523-00139824-00140039 were discussing that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00524-00140040-00140278 okay so that's what the mirror board
+VoWshSjWAf4-00525-00140279-00140554 with the materials looks like for this
+VoWshSjWAf4-00526-00140555-00140771 okay no
+VoWshSjWAf4-00527-00140772-00140957 um basically I suppose that will be it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00528-00140958-00141228 about the Intensive
+VoWshSjWAf4-00529-00141229-00141454 well format
+VoWshSjWAf4-00530-00141455-00141652 if you have questions you're welcome to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00531-00141653-00141743 ask them
+VoWshSjWAf4-00532-00141744-00141983 either switch on your mic or type in the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00533-00141984-00142343 chat
+VoWshSjWAf4-00534-00142344-00142499 not yet
+VoWshSjWAf4-00535-00142500-00142816 okay great then so um moving on the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00536-00142817-00143045 other version is for those who are not
+VoWshSjWAf4-00537-00143046-00143290 really planning to take the exam anytime
+VoWshSjWAf4-00538-00143291-00143687 very soon maybe later
+VoWshSjWAf4-00539-00143688-00143945 uh well maybe never but of those people
+VoWshSjWAf4-00540-00143946-00144154 who are concerned with uh improving
+VoWshSjWAf4-00541-00144155-00144352 their level of English in a systematic
+VoWshSjWAf4-00542-00144353-00144778 way and being ready to take vcp whenever
+VoWshSjWAf4-00543-00144779-00145037 opportunity arises in the future
+VoWshSjWAf4-00544-00145038-00145331 so I have this two-year option as I said
+VoWshSjWAf4-00545-00145332-00145714 which I called towards C2 proficiency
+VoWshSjWAf4-00546-00145715-00146002 um and here the entry level can be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00547-00146003-00146416 slightly lower C1 minus
+VoWshSjWAf4-00548-00146417-00146663 um but anyway it's not B2 some people
+VoWshSjWAf4-00549-00146664-00146963 ask me if it's okay no not really B2 yet
+VoWshSjWAf4-00550-00146964-00147221 not even B2 plus that would be a little
+VoWshSjWAf4-00551-00147222-00147371 too challenging
+VoWshSjWAf4-00552-00147372-00147754 also see to you my lc1 minus C1 and then
+VoWshSjWAf4-00553-00147755-00148078 we are striving to achieve C2 within uh
+VoWshSjWAf4-00554-00148079-00148289 well one year and a half or almost two
+VoWshSjWAf4-00555-00148290-00148390 years
+VoWshSjWAf4-00556-00148391-00148661 so we study for two months starting in
+VoWshSjWAf4-00557-00148662-00148943 hopefully October until the end of June
+VoWshSjWAf4-00558-00148944-00149177 then we have a break and we'll decide
+VoWshSjWAf4-00559-00149178-00149387 with the group if it's one month or two
+VoWshSjWAf4-00560-00149388-00149561 months in the summer and then we'll
+VoWshSjWAf4-00561-00149562-00149783 study for another 9 or 10 months again
+VoWshSjWAf4-00562-00149784-00150059 we will decide uh well but I mean by
+VoWshSjWAf4-00563-00150060-00150221 default it's nine months for the second
+VoWshSjWAf4-00564-00150222-00150497 academic hero here there might be a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00565-00150498-00150839 slightly more people like to people more
+VoWshSjWAf4-00566-00150840-00151049 up to eight but probably again there
+VoWshSjWAf4-00567-00151050-00151228 might be four people there might be six
+VoWshSjWAf4-00568-00151229-00151489 or eight people so we'll see
+VoWshSjWAf4-00569-00151490-00151763 basically most of the things are the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00570-00151764-00152051 same here the same type of program just
+VoWshSjWAf4-00571-00152052-00152416 kind of spread uh well over the period
+VoWshSjWAf4-00572-00152417-00152789 which is two times as long yeah uh even
+VoWshSjWAf4-00573-00152790-00153119 longer yeah so not eight months but
+VoWshSjWAf4-00574-00153120-00153539 well a a either 18 or even 19 months
+VoWshSjWAf4-00575-00153540-00153809 and now okay so some options are not
+VoWshSjWAf4-00576-00153810-00154066 relevant anymore so this one is not
+VoWshSjWAf4-00577-00154067-00154378 working so for this class it's either
+VoWshSjWAf4-00578-00154379-00154631 two o'clock
+VoWshSjWAf4-00579-00154632-00154943 just the same time we started today or
+VoWshSjWAf4-00580-00154944-00155171 three o'clock it depends on the time of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00581-00155172-00155387 the group I was talking about before so
+VoWshSjWAf4-00582-00155388-00155699 this set at a time anyway so it seems to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00583-00155700-00155933 be the most popular one the fees are the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00584-00155934-00156269 same as I explained before the amount of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00585-00156270-00156425 writing someone asked me this question
+VoWshSjWAf4-00586-00156426-00156683 how many pieces of writing I was
+VoWshSjWAf4-00587-00156684-00156839 supposed to write and how often how much
+VoWshSjWAf4-00588-00156840-00157049 homework are we going to have so the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00589-00157050-00157283 homework is going to be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00590-00157284-00157721 um about like three pages of materials
+VoWshSjWAf4-00591-00157722-00158075 from the book and some other optional
+VoWshSjWAf4-00592-00158076-00158435 things so we won't be in too much hurry
+VoWshSjWAf4-00593-00158436-00158651 but at the same time it won't be like
+VoWshSjWAf4-00594-00158652-00158951 you know half an hour of homework now I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00595-00158952-00159269 suppose it will amount to about one hour
+VoWshSjWAf4-00596-00159270-00159557 or one hour and a half per week of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00597-00159558-00159707 preparation time
+VoWshSjWAf4-00598-00159708-00159971 and just like
+VoWshSjWAf4-00599-00159972-00160199 um with the previous version with
+VoWshSjWAf4-00600-00160200-00160493 intensive one one uh one class every
+VoWshSjWAf4-00601-00160494-00160852 week plus one free speaking Club session
+VoWshSjWAf4-00602-00160853-00160997 every month
+VoWshSjWAf4-00603-00160998-00161297 and one example is to a workshop every
+VoWshSjWAf4-00604-00161298-00161483 month
+VoWshSjWAf4-00605-00161484-00161735 uh and one a piece of writing to submit
+VoWshSjWAf4-00606-00161736-00162047 every month two this piece of writing
+VoWshSjWAf4-00607-00162048-00162316 might be slightly different from the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00608-00162317-00162599 Intensive course uh in the Intensive
+VoWshSjWAf4-00609-00162600-00162785 course the writing will have to be the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00610-00162786-00163049 exam format writing every month that's
+VoWshSjWAf4-00611-00163050-00163307 for sure and more often some smaller
+VoWshSjWAf4-00612-00163308-00163595 pieces probably just for practice but in
+VoWshSjWAf4-00613-00163596-00163781 this course we can be a bit more relaxed
+VoWshSjWAf4-00614-00163782-00164045 so sometimes it will be
+VoWshSjWAf4-00615-00164046-00164363 um a shorter piece maybe like
+VoWshSjWAf4-00616-00164364-00164633 introduction and conclusion or maybe you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00617-00164634-00164776 will just work on the intro and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00618-00164777-00164987 conclusion in class and your homework
+VoWshSjWAf4-00619-00164988-00165202 will be just to write the body
+VoWshSjWAf4-00620-00165203-00165514 paragraphs for the same piece so it will
+VoWshSjWAf4-00621-00165515-00165731 be lighter but definitely from time to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00622-00165732-00165971 time we'll still be doing exam formats
+VoWshSjWAf4-00623-00165972-00166307 like a completed form submitted to me me
+VoWshSjWAf4-00624-00166308-00166523 checking this providing very detailed
+VoWshSjWAf4-00625-00166524-00166876 feedback with what can be improved what
+VoWshSjWAf4-00626-00166877-00167254 sounds great and basically giving quite
+VoWshSjWAf4-00627-00167255-00167519 a lot of recommendations it's usually I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00628-00167520-00167819 well I don't write things like well done
+VoWshSjWAf4-00629-00167820-00168143 oh well not well done try again no I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00630-00168144-00168419 give really detailed feedback on written
+VoWshSjWAf4-00631-00168420-00168539 work
+VoWshSjWAf4-00632-00168540-00168887 and when I was doing a stream uh a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00633-00168888-00169066 couple of weeks ago on contacting there
+VoWshSjWAf4-00634-00169067-00169175 was this question
+VoWshSjWAf4-00635-00169176-00169516 um like why I don't give marks for
+VoWshSjWAf4-00636-00169517-00169835 writing actually for speaking either I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00637-00169836-00170063 don't give you marks out of five as
+VoWshSjWAf4-00638-00170064-00170237 Cambridge it would because only
+VoWshSjWAf4-00639-00170238-00170459 specifically trained people can do that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00640-00170460-00170693 for this for these marks to be accurate
+VoWshSjWAf4-00641-00170694-00171011 and I don't want to mislead you I might
+VoWshSjWAf4-00642-00171012-00171311 say that it's a very good Mark but it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00643-00171312-00171599 might not be not only because I am wrong
+VoWshSjWAf4-00644-00171600-00171826 in assessing you this might be too
+VoWshSjWAf4-00645-00171827-00172054 because I wasn't trained specifically I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00646-00172055-00172264 was trained but not as examiners exam
+VoWshSjWAf4-00647-00172265-00172661 exam trainers are trained to assess
+VoWshSjWAf4-00648-00172662-00172943 um you might get a different Mark just
+VoWshSjWAf4-00649-00172944-00173326 because of the exam stress the nerves
+VoWshSjWAf4-00650-00173327-00173573 all the different types of factors not
+VoWshSjWAf4-00651-00173574-00173747 being prepared enough not having enough
+VoWshSjWAf4-00652-00173748-00173957 of sleep so and the mug might be lower
+VoWshSjWAf4-00653-00173958-00174226 but the student might say well you told
+VoWshSjWAf4-00654-00174227-00174539 me I I was going to get four you gave me
+VoWshSjWAf4-00655-00174540-00174773 four all the time and now I get free for
+VoWshSjWAf4-00656-00174774-00175061 writing so what does that mean didn't
+VoWshSjWAf4-00657-00175062-00175276 you guarantee me a four of course I
+VoWshSjWAf4-00658-00175277-00175637 didn't and if you if you ask a lot of
+VoWshSjWAf4-00659-00175638-00175883 other teachers uh providing Cambridge
+VoWshSjWAf4-00660-00175884-00176140 exam preparation you will see that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00661-00176141-00176495 either all or most of them the definite
+VoWshSjWAf4-00662-00176496-00176801 majority don't give you marks don't give
+VoWshSjWAf4-00663-00176802-00176969 your points for that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00664-00176970-00177149 uh there will be a lot of comments
+VoWshSjWAf4-00665-00177150-00177390 according to all the Cambridge criteria
+VoWshSjWAf4-00666-00177391-00177743 detailed comments things to to improve
+VoWshSjWAf4-00667-00177744-00177947 how to improve probably what to work on
+VoWshSjWAf4-00668-00177948-00178157 but no marks
+VoWshSjWAf4-00669-00178158-00178504 but my students on this course will have
+VoWshSjWAf4-00670-00178505-00178828 an opportunity to do speaking with a
+VoWshSjWAf4-00671-00178829-00179076 certified Cambridge Examiner
+VoWshSjWAf4-00672-00179077-00179375 Services included into the money that
+VoWshSjWAf4-00673-00179376-00179759 you pay uh so once you will do that so
+VoWshSjWAf4-00674-00179760-00180047 closer to the exam if you uh or to the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00675-00180048-00180238 end of the course so with the in on the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00676-00180239-00180419 on the Intensive course we're going to
+VoWshSjWAf4-00677-00180420-00180628 have this mock speaking exam for the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00678-00180629-00180893 Cambridge examiner either in April or in
+VoWshSjWAf4-00679-00180894-00181121 May so we'll decide we'll see how the
+VoWshSjWAf4-00680-00181122-00181366 students feel what time the examiner can
+VoWshSjWAf4-00681-00181367-00181702 suggest and she will give you really
+VoWshSjWAf4-00682-00181703-00181913 realistic works again you should
+VoWshSjWAf4-00683-00181914-00182045 remember that doing it from the comfort
+VoWshSjWAf4-00684-00182046-00182225 of your own home is not the same as
+VoWshSjWAf4-00685-00182226-00182488 doing it in the exam room so but anyway
+VoWshSjWAf4-00686-00182489-00182752 so that's a person specifically trained
+VoWshSjWAf4-00687-00182753-00183137 uh to give marks but I won't play so
+VoWshSjWAf4-00688-00183138-00183383 well provisionally I might see what it
+VoWshSjWAf4-00689-00183384-00183587 sounds like but I will never put it you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00690-00183588-00183826 know like black on white
+VoWshSjWAf4-00691-00183827-00184019 right uh if you have any more questions
+VoWshSjWAf4-00692-00184020-00184228 here you are welcome to ask them yeah
+VoWshSjWAf4-00693-00184229-00184499 but that's that's my kind of view and
+VoWshSjWAf4-00694-00184500-00184738 standpoint on uh writing and giving
+VoWshSjWAf4-00695-00184739-00184876 marks
+VoWshSjWAf4-00696-00184877-00185188 uh but you will do it okay so thank you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00697-00185189-00185393 for finding the time to come today yeah
+VoWshSjWAf4-00698-00185394-00185531 it's Saturday and you might have had
+VoWshSjWAf4-00699-00185532-00185693 other plans but thank you for joining me
+VoWshSjWAf4-00700-00185694-00185999 it gives me a much clearer idea and yeah
+VoWshSjWAf4-00701-00186000-00186209 I can I'll talk to you a bit later about
+VoWshSjWAf4-00702-00186210-00186575 that so have a great weekend we'll get
+VoWshSjWAf4-00703-00186576-00186785 back in touch about that and see you
+VoWshSjWAf4-00704-00186786-00186985 around
+VoWshSjWAf4-00705-00186986-00187303 take care
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00000-00000045-00000428 the term United States when used in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00001-00000429-00000727 geographical sense is the contiguous
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00002-00000728-00000961 United States the state of Alaska the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00003-00000962-00001193 island state of Hawaii the five insular
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00004-00001194-00001408 territories of Puerto Rico Northern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00005-00001409-00001673 Mariana Islands US Virgin Islands Guam
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00006-00001673-00001898 and American Samoa and minor outlying
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00007-00001898-00002195 possessions the United States shares
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00008-00002196-00002441 land borders with Canada and Mexico and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00009-00002442-00002657 maritime borders with Russia Cuba and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00010-00002658-00002852 the Bahamas in addition to Canada and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00011-00002853-00003140 Mexico the United States is northern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00012-00003141-00003308 border with Canada as the world's
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00013-00003309-00003800 longest binational land border
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00014-00003801-00004606 topic area from 1989 through 1996 the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00015-00004607-00004843 total area of the US was listed as nine
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00016-00004844-00005009 million three hundred seventy two
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00017-00005010-00005200 thousand six hundred ten square
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00018-00005201-00005384 kilometers three million six hundred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00019-00005385-00005600 eighteen thousand seven hundred eighty
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00020-00005601-00005856 square miles land plus inland water only
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00021-00005857-00006149 the listed total area changed to nine
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00022-00006150-00006379 million six hundred twenty-nine thousand
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00023-00006380-00006571 ninety one square kilometers three
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00024-00006572-00006794 million seven hundred seventeen thousand
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00025-00006795-00006999 eight hundred thirteen square miles in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00026-00007000-00007304 1997 Great Lakes area and coastal waters
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00027-00007305-00007520 added to nine million six hundred thirty
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00028-00007520-00007702 one thousand four hundred eighteen
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00029-00007703-00007927 square kilometers three million seven
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00030-00007928-00008108 hundred eighteen thousand seven hundred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00031-00008109-00008402 eleven square miles in 2004 to nine
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00032-00008403-00008702 million 631 thousand four hundred twenty
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00033-00008703-00008935 square kilometers three million seven
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00034-00008936-00009113 hundred eighteen thousand seven hundred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00035-00009114-00009421 ten square miles in 2006 and two nine
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00036-00009422-00009587 million eight hundred twenty six
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00037-00009588-00009766 thousand six hundred thirty square
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00038-00009767-00009983 kilometers three million seven hundred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00039-00009984-00010171 ninety four thousand eighty square miles
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00040-00010172-00010480 in 2007 territorial waters added
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00041-00010481-00010780 currently the CIA World Factbook gives
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00042-00010781-00010988 nine million eight hundred twenty six
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00043-00010989-00011210 thousand six hundred seventy five square
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00044-00011211-00011393 kilometers three million seven hundred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00045-00011394-00011608 ninety four thousand one hundred square
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00046-00011609-00011813 miles the United Nations statistics
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00047-00011814-00012071 division gives nine million six hundred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00048-00012072-00012263 twenty nine thousand ninety one square
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00049-00012264-00012446 kilometers three million seven hundred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00050-00012447-00012616 seventeen thousand eight hundred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00051-00012617-00012799 thirteen square miles and the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00052-00012800-00013004 Encyclopedia Britannica gives nine
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00053-00013005-00013229 million five hundred twenty-two thousand
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00054-00013230-00013427 fifty five square kilometers three
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00055-00013428-00013666 million six hundred seventy six thousand
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00056-00013668-00013835 four hundred eighty six square miles
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00057-00013836-00014038 Great Lakes area included but not
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00058-00014040-00014336 coastal waters these sources consider
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00059-00014337-00014522 only the fifty states in the Federal
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00060-00014522-00014686 District and exclude overseas
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00061-00014687-00015038 territories by total area water as well
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00062-00015038-00015236 as land the United States has either
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00063-00015237-00015422 slightly larger or smaller than the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00064-00015422-00015632 People's Republic of China making it the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00065-00015633-00015850 world's third or fourth largest country
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00066-00015851-00016108 China in the United States are smaller
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00067-00016109-00016349 than Russia and Canada in total area but
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00068-00016350-00016642 are larger than Brazil by land area only
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00069-00016643-00016912 exclusive of waters the United States is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00070-00016913-00017150 the world's third largest country after
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00071-00017151-00017458 and China with Canada and forth whether
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00072-00017459-00017675 the US or China is the third largest
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00073-00017676-00017900 country by total area depends on two
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00074-00017901-00018106 factors one the validity of China's
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00075-00018107-00018335 claim on aksai chin and trans Karakoram
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00076-00018336-00018625 tract both these territories are also
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00077-00018626-00018833 claimed by India so are not counted and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00078-00018834-00019072 two how US calculates its own surface
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00079-00019073-00019339 area since the initial publishing of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00080-00019340-00019427 World Factbook
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00081-00019428-00019669 the CIA has updated the total area of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00082-00019670-00020230 United States a number of times
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00083-00020231-00020730 pick general characteristics
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00084-00020731-00020991 the United States shares land borders
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00085-00020992-00021207 with Canada to the north and Mexico to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00086-00021208-00021435 the south and a territorial water border
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00087-00021436-00021618 with Russia in the northwest and two
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00088-00021619-00021789 territorial water borders in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00089-00021790-00022008 southeast between Florida and Cuba and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00090-00022009-00022269 Florida and the Bahamas the contiguous
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00091-00022270-00022512 48 states are otherwise bounded by the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00092-00022513-00022737 Pacific Ocean on the west the Atlantic
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00093-00022738-00022947 Ocean on the east and the Gulf of Mexico
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00094-00022948-00023222 to the southeast Alaska borders the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00095-00023223-00023412 Pacific Ocean to the south and southwest
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00096-00023413-00023640 the Bering Strait to the west and the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00097-00023641-00023817 Arctic Ocean to the north while Hawaii
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00098-00023818-00023991 lies far to the south west of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00099-00023992-00024324 mainland in the Pacific Ocean 48 of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00100-00024325-00024486 states are in the single region between
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00101-00024487-00024728 Canada and Mexico this group is referred
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00102-00024729-00024969 to with varying precision and formality
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00103-00024970-00025200 as the Continental or contiguous United
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00104-00025201-00025539 States and is the lower 48 Alaska which
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00105-00025540-00025737 is not included in the term contiguous
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00106-00025738-00025956 United States is at the northwestern end
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00107-00025957-00026153 of North America separated from the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00108-00026154-00026487 lower 48 by Canada the capital city
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00109-00026488-00026702 Washington District of Columbia is a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00110-00026704-00026927 federal district located on land donated
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00111-00026929-00027144 by the state of Maryland Virginia had
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00112-00027145-00027363 also donated land but it was returned in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00113-00027364-00027627 18-49 the United States also has
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00114-00027627-00027833 overseas territories with varying levels
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00115-00027835-00028080 of independence and organization in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00116-00028081-00028302 Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00117-00028302-00028502 and the US Virgin Islands and in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00118-00028503-00028710 Pacific the inhabited territories of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00119-00028711-00028926 Guam American Samoa and the Northern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00120-00028927-00029118 Mariana Islands along with a number of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00121-00029119-00029680 uninhabited island territories
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00122-00029681-00030261 topic physiographic divisions
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00123-00030262-00030512 the eastern United States has a varied
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00124-00030513-00030783 topography abroad flat coastal plain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00125-00030783-00030989 lines the Atlantic and Gulf Shores from
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00126-00030991-00031212 the texas-mexico border to New York City
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00127-00031213-00031508 and includes the Florida peninsula areas
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00128-00031510-00031692 further inland feature rolling hills
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00129-00031693-00031911 mountains and a diverse collection of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00130-00031912-00032108 temperate and subtropical moist and wet
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00131-00032110-00032406 forests the Appalachian Mountains form a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00132-00032407-00032577 line of low mountains separating the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00133-00032577-00032748 eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00134-00032749-00033051 and the Mississippi basin the five Great
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00135-00033052-00033221 Lakes are located in the north-central
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00136-00033222-00033417 portion of the country four of them
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00137-00033418-00033576 forming part of the border with Canada
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00138-00033577-00033815 only Lake Michigan situated entirely
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00139-00033816-00034092 within United States the Southeast
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00140-00034093-00034311 United States generally stretching from
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00141-00034312-00034515 the Ohio River on south includes a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00142-00034516-00034680 variety of warm temperate and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00143-00034681-00034896 subtropical moist and wet forests as
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00144-00034897-00035055 well as warm temperate and subtropical
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00145-00035056-00035315 dry forests near the Great Plains in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00146-00035316-00035529 west of the region west of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00147-00035530-00035748 Appalachian sli's the lush Mississippi
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00148-00035749-00035918 River Basin and two large eastern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00149-00035919-00036143 tributaries the Ohio River and the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00150-00036144-00036390 Tennessee River the Ohio and Tennessee
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00151-00036391-00036624 valleys in the Midwest consist largely
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00152-00036625-00036885 of rolling hills interior highlands and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00153-00036886-00037083 small mountains jungle e marsh and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00154-00037084-00037265 swampland near the Ohio River and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00155-00037266-00037496 productive farmland stretching south to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00156-00037497-00037767 the Gulf Coast the Midwest also has a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00157-00037768-00038073 vast amount of cave systems the great
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00158-00038074-00038256 plains lie west of the Mississippi River
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00159-00038257-00038552 in east of the Rocky Mountains a large
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00160-00038553-00038711 portion of the country's agricultural
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00161-00038712-00038951 products are grown in the Great Plains
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00162-00038952-00039174 before their general conversion to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00163-00039175-00039381 farmland the Great Plains were noted for
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00164-00039382-00039564 their extensive grasslands from tall
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00165-00039565-00039756 grass prairie in the eastern plains to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00166-00039757-00039921 short grass step in the Western High
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00167-00039922-00040233 Plains elevation rises gradually from
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00168-00040234-00040401 less than a few hundred feet near the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00169-00040402-00040571 Mississippi River to more than a mile
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00170-00040572-00040836 high in the high plains the generally
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00171-00040837-00041037 low relief of the plains is broken in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00172-00041038-00041280 several places most notably in the Ozark
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00173-00041281-00041462 and Ouachita Mountains which form the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00174-00041463-00041690 u.s. interior Highlands the only major
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00175-00041691-00041865 mountainous region between the Rocky
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00176-00041866-00042054 Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00177-00042055-00042252 the Great Plains come to an abrupt end
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00178-00042253-00042474 at the Rocky Mountains the Rocky
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00179-00042475-00042681 Mountains form a large portion of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00180-00042682-00042896 western US entering from Canada and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00181-00042897-00043161 stretching nearly to Mexico the Rocky
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00182-00043162-00043370 Mountain region as the highest region of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00183-00043371-00043635 the United States by average elevation
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00184-00043636-00043845 the Rocky Mountains generally contain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00185-00043846-00044049 fairly mild slopes and wider peaks
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00186-00044050-00044205 compared to some of the other great
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00187-00044206-00044382 mountain ranges with a few exceptions
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00188-00044383-00044624 such as the Teton Mountains in Wyoming
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00189-00044625-00044889 and the Sauvage Range in Colorado the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00190-00044890-00045071 highest peaks of the Rockies are found
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00191-00045072-00045296 in Colorado the tallest peak being Mount
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00192-00045297-00045740 Elbert at 14,000 440 feet 4,400 metres
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00193-00045741-00046002 the Rocky Mountains contains some of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00194-00046003-00046220 most spectacular and well known scenery
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00195-00046221-00046299 in the world
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00196-00046300-00046533 in addition instead of being one
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00197-00046534-00046749 generally continuous and solid mountain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00198-00046750-00046949 range it is broken up into a number of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00199-00046950-00047145 smaller intermittent mountain ranges
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00200-00047146-00047361 forming a large series of basins and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00201-00047362-00047670 valleys west of the Rocky Mountains lies
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00202-00047671-00047904 the inter montane plateaus also known as
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00203-00047905-00048108 the Intermountain West a large arid
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00204-00048109-00048296 desert lying between the Rockies and the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00205-00048297-00048587 Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00206-00048588-00048776 large southern portion known as the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00207-00048777-00048962 Great Basin consists of Salt Flats
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00208-00048963-00049167 drainage basins and many small
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00209-00049168-00049407 north-south mountain ranges the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00210-00049408-00049617 Southwest is predominantly a low-lying
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00211-00049618-00049854 desert region a portion known as the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00212-00049855-00050057 Colorado Plateau centered around the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00213-00050058-00050252 Four Corners region is considered to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00214-00050253-00050357 have some of the most spectacular
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00215-00050358-00050679 scenery in the world it is accentuated
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00216-00050680-00050912 in such national parks as Grand Canyon
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00217-00050913-00051161 arches Mesa Verde National Park and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00218-00051162-00051450 Bryce Canyon among others other smaller
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00219-00051451-00051677 interment ain areas include the Columbia
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00220-00051678-00051875 Plateau covering eastern Washington
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00221-00051876-00052110 western Idaho and northeast Oregon and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00222-00052111-00052328 the Snake River plain in southern Idaho
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00223-00052329-00052607 the inter montane plateaus come to an
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00224-00052608-00052800 end at the Cascade Range in the Sierra
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00225-00052801-00053097 Nevada the Cascades consists of largely
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00226-00053098-00053306 intermittent volcanic mountains many
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00227-00053307-00053496 rising prominently from the surrounding
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00228-00053497-00053766 landscape the Sierra Nevada further
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00229-00053766-00053966 south is a high rugged and dense
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00230-00053967-00054216 mountain range it contains the highest
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00231-00054216-00054482 point in the contiguous 48 states Mount
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00232-00054483-00055035 Whitney 14,500 5 feet or 4421 meters it
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00233-00055036-00055231 is located at the boundary between
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00234-00055232-00055488 California's Inyo and Tulare counties
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00235-00055489-00055824 just eighty four point six miles or 136
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00236-00055825-00056057 point 2 kilometres west-northwest of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00237-00056058-00056243 lowest point in North America at the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00238-00056244-00056421 Badwater Basin in Death Valley National
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00239-00056422-00056829 Park at 279 feet or 85 meters below sea
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00240-00056829-00057017 level these areas contain some
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00241-00057019-00057230 spectacular scenery as well as evidenced
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00242-00057232-00057450 by such national parks as Yosemite and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00243-00057451-00057729 Mount Rainier west of the Cascades in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00244-00057729-00057941 Sierra Nevada as a series of valleys
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00245-00057942-00058098 such as the Central Valley in California
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00246-00058099-00058434 in the Willamette Valley in Oregon along
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00247-00058435-00058626 the coast as a series of low mountain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00248-00058627-00058850 ranges known as the Pacific coast ranges
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00249-00058851-00059136 much of the Pacific Northwest Coast is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00250-00059137-00059295 inhabited by some of the densest
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00251-00059296-00059504 vegetation outside of the tropics and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00252-00059505-00059715 also the tallest trees in the world the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00253-00059716-00059834 redwoods
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00254-00059835-00060039 Alaska contains some of the most
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00255-00060040-00060240 dramatic and untapped scenery in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00256-00060241-00060537 country tall prominent mountain ranges
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00257-00060538-00060759 rise up sharply from broad flat Tundra
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00258-00060760-00061026 Plains on the islands off the south and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00259-00061027-00061244 southwest coast are many volcanoes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00260-00061245-00061529 Hawaii far to the south of Alaska in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00261-00061530-00061752 Pacific Ocean is a chain of tropical
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00262-00061753-00061965 volcanic islands popular as a tourist
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00263-00061966-00062175 destination for many from East Asia and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00264-00062176-00062439 the mainland United States the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00265-00062440-00062646 territories of Puerto Rico and the US
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00266-00062647-00062859 Virgin Islands encompass a number of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00267-00062860-00063029 tropical Isles in the northeastern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00268-00063030-00063329 Caribbean Sea in the Pacific Ocean the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00269-00063330-00063510 territories of Guam in the Northern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00270-00063511-00063708 Mariana Islands occupied the limestone
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00271-00063709-00063915 and volcanic Isles of the Mariana
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00272-00063916-00064176 archipelago and American Samoa the only
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00273-00064177-00064407 populated u.s. territory in the southern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00274-00064408-00064623 hemisphere encompasses volcanic Peaks
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00275-00064624-00064829 and coral atolls in the eastern part of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00276-00064830-00065224 the Samoan Islands chain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00277-00065225-00065786 topic physiographic regions
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00278-00065787-00065978 the geography of the United States
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00279-00065979-00066257 varies across their immense area within
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00280-00066258-00066451 the continental US eight distinct
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00281-00066452-00066647 physiographic divisions exist though
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00282-00066648-00066818 each is composed of several smaller
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00283-00066819-00067103 physiographic subdivisions these major
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00284-00067104-00067409 divisions are Llorente an upland part of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00285-00067410-00067589 the Canadian Shield that extends into
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00286-00067590-00067772 the northern United States Great Lakes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00287-00067773-00068126 area Atlantic plain the coastal regions
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00288-00068127-00068279 of the eastern and southern parts
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00289-00068280-00068462 includes the continental shelf the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00290-00068463-00068707 Atlantic coast in the Gulf Coast
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00291-00068708-00068924 Appalachian Highlands lying on the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00292-00068925-00069125 eastern side of the United States it
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00293-00069126-00069326 includes the Appalachian Mountains the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00294-00069327-00069536 Watchung Mountains the Adirondacks and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00295-00069537-00069701 New England province originally
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00296-00069702-00069890 containing the Great Eastern forests a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00297-00069891-00070051 stretch of mixed temperature and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00298-00070052-00070274 subtropical montane forests some of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00299-00070275-00070568 which are rainforests Interior Plains
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00300-00070569-00070811 part of the interior continental United
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00301-00070812-00071015 States it includes the Great Plains as
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00302-00071016-00071182 well as a number of Highland and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00303-00071183-00071363 mountainous regions like the Black Hills
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00304-00071364-00071612 dense cave systems Painted Hills and bad
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00305-00071613-00071954 land features interior highlands also
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00306-00071955-00072164 part of the interior continental United
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00307-00072165-00072221 States
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00308-00072222-00072407 this division includes the Ozark plateau
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00309-00072408-00072650 the Ouachita Mountains and other smaller
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00310-00072651-00072917 mountain systems this region is located
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00311-00072918-00073106 largely in the warm temperate
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00312-00073107-00073401 subtropical moist and dry forest biomes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00313-00073402-00073679 rocky mountain system one branch of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00314-00073680-00073901 Cordillera system lying far inland in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00315-00073902-00074142 the western states
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00316-00074143-00074412 enter Montaigne plateaus also divided
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00317-00074413-00074625 into the Columbia Plateau the Colorado
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00318-00074626-00074811 Plateau and the Basin and Range province
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00319-00074812-00075141 it is a system of plateaus basins ranges
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00320-00075142-00075351 and gorges between the Rocky and Pacific
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00321-00075352-00075597 mountain systems it is the setting for
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00322-00075598-00075798 the Grand Canyon the Great Basin and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00323-00075799-00076134 Death Valley Pacific mountain system the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00324-00076135-00076338 coastal mountain ranges and features in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00325-00076339-00076629 the west coast of the United States the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00326-00076630-00076832 Atlantic coast of the United States is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00327-00076833-00077076 low with minor exceptions the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00328-00077077-00077268 Appalachian Highlands its oblique
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00329-00077269-00077475 northeast Southwest trend to crustal
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00330-00077476-00077630 deformations which in very early
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00331-00077631-00077862 geological time gave a beginning to what
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00332-00077863-00078015 later came to be the Appalachian
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00333-00078016-00078243 mountain system this system had its
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00334-00078244-00078468 climax of deformation so long ago
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00335-00078469-00078675 probably in Permian time that it has
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00336-00078676-00078861 since then been very generally reduced
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00337-00078862-00079110 to moderate or low relief it owes its
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00338-00079111-00079323 present-day altitude either to renewed
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00339-00079324-00079542 elevations along the earlier lines or to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00340-00079543-00079731 the survival of the most resistant rocks
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00341-00079732-00080016 as residual mountains the oblique trend
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00342-00080017-00080157 of this coast would be even more
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00343-00080158-00080328 pronounced but for a comparatively
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00344-00080329-00080523 modern crustal movement causing a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00345-00080524-00080709 depression in the Northeast resulting in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00346-00080710-00080936 an encroachment of the sea upon the land
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00347-00080937-00081147 additionally the southeastern section
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00348-00081148-00081378 has undergone an elevation resulting in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00349-00081379-00081572 the advance of the land upon the sea
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00350-00081573-00081849 while the Atlantic coast is relatively
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00351-00081850-00082053 low the Pacific Coast is with few
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00352-00082054-00082311 exceptions hilly or mountainous this
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00353-00082312-00082497 Coast has been defined chiefly by
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00354-00082498-00082740 geologically recent crustal deformations
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00355-00082741-00082899 and hence still preserves a greater
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00356-00082900-00083154 relief than that of the Atlantic the low
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00357-00083155-00083307 Atlantic Coast in the hilly or
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00358-00083308-00083519 mountainous Pacific Coast foreshadowed
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00359-00083520-00083679 the leading features in the distribution
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00360-00083680-00083915 of mountains within the United States
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00361-00083916-00084189 the East Coast Appalachian system
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00362-00084190-00084423 originally forest-covered is relatively
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00363-00084424-00084600 low and narrow and is bordered on the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00364-00084601-00084780 south east and south by an important
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00365-00084781-00085056 coastal plain the Cordillera end system
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00366-00085057-00085239 on the western side of the continent is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00367-00085240-00085473 lofty broad and complicated having two
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00368-00085474-00085689 branches the Rocky Mountain System and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00369-00085690-00085944 the Pacific mountain system in between
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00370-00085945-00086115 these mountain systems live the inter
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00371-00086116-00086346 Montaigne plateaus both the Columbia
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00372-00086347-00086601 River and Colorado River rise far inland
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00373-00086602-00086756 near the easternmost members of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00374-00086757-00086931 Cordillera and system and flow through
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00375-00086932-00087147 plateaus and inter montane basins to the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00376-00087148-00087429 ocean heavy forests cover the northwest
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00377-00087430-00087519 coast but
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00378-00087520-00087690 where trees are found only on the higher
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00379-00087691-00087984 ranges below the alpine region the inter
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00380-00087985-00088200 Montaigne valleys plateaus and basins
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00381-00088201-00088368 range from treeless to desert with the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00382-00088369-00088592 most arid region being in the southwest
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00383-00088593-00088875 the Laurentian Highlands the Interior
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00384-00088876-00089076 Plains and the interior Highlands lie
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00385-00089077-00089274 between the two coasts stretching from
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00386-00089275-00089484 the Gulf of Mexico northward far beyond
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00387-00089485-00089661 the national boundary to the Arctic
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00388-00089662-00089937 Ocean the central plains are divided by
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00389-00089938-00090150 a hardly perceptible height of land into
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00390-00090151-00090360 a Canadian and a United States portion
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00391-00090361-00090624 it is from the United States side that
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00392-00090625-00090828 the Great Mississippi system discharges
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00393-00090829-00091080 southward to the Gulf of Mexico the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00394-00091081-00091269 Upper Mississippi and some of the Ohio
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00395-00091270-00091467 Basin as the semi-arid prairie region
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00396-00091468-00091674 with trees originally only along the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00397-00091675-00091941 watercourses the uplands towards the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00398-00091942-00092133 Appalachian were included in the Great
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00399-00092134-00092349 Eastern forested area while the western
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00400-00092350-00092499 part of the plains has so dried a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00401-00092500-00092685 climate that its native plant life is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00402-00092686-00092832 scandi and in the south it is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00403-00092833-00093093 practically barren elevation
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00404-00093094-00093423 extremes:lowest Point Death Valley Inyo
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00405-00093424-00093819 County California - 280 feet - 85 point
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00406-00093820-00094143 three meters highest point Denali Denali
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00407-00094144-00094548 burro Alaska 20300 ten feet six thousand
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00408-00094549-00095041 one hundred ninety point five meters
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00409-00095042-00095566 topic climate
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00410-00095567-00095824 due to its large size and wide range of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00411-00095825-00096040 geographic features the United States
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00412-00096041-00096271 contains examples of nearly every global
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00413-00096272-00096550 climate the climate is subtropical in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00414-00096551-00096757 the southern United States tropical in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00415-00096758-00096967 Hawaii and southern Florida polar in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00416-00096968-00097174 Alaska semi-arid in the great plains
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00417-00097175-00097432 west of the 100th meridian Mediterranean
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00418-00097433-00097642 in coastal California and arid in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00419-00097643-00097882 Great Basin in the southwest it's
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00420-00097883-00098104 comparatively favourable agricultural
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00421-00098105-00098290 climate contributed in part to the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00422-00098291-00098488 country's rise as a world power with
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00423-00098489-00098668 infrequent severe drought in the major
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00424-00098669-00098890 agricultural regions a general lack of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00425-00098891-00099073 widespread flooding and a mainly
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00426-00099074-00099252 temperate climate that receives adequate
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00427-00099253-00099583 precipitation the main influence on us
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00428-00099584-00099781 weather as the polar jet stream which
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00429-00099782-00099979 migrates northward into Canada in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00430-00099980-00100156 summer months and then southward into
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00431-00100157-00100426 the USA in the winter months the jet
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00432-00100427-00100573 stream brings in large low pressure
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00433-00100574-00100810 systems from the northern pacific ocean
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00434-00100811-00100990 that entered the US mainland over the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00435-00100991-00101242 Pacific Northwest the Cascade Range
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00436-00101243-00101515 Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains pick
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00437-00101516-00101656 up most of the moisture from these
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00438-00101657-00101917 systems as they move eastward greatly
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00439-00101918-00102073 diminished by the time they reach the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00440-00102074-00102253 high plains much of the moisture has
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00441-00102254-00102457 been sapped by the orographic effect as
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00442-00102458-00102619 it is forced over several mountain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00443-00102620-00102892 ranges once it moves over the Great
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00444-00102893-00103132 Plains uninterrupted flat land allows it
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00445-00103133-00103291 to reorganize and can lead to major
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00446-00103292-00103576 clashes of air masses in addition
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00447-00103577-00103768 moisture from the Gulf of Mexico is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00448-00103769-00104026 often drawn northward when combined with
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00449-00104027-00104239 a powerful jet stream this can lead to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00450-00104240-00104440 violent thunderstorms especially during
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00451-00104441-00104695 spring and summer sometimes during
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00452-00104696-00104857 winter these storms can combine with
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00453-00104858-00105064 another low pressure system as they move
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00454-00105065-00105256 up the East Coast and into the Atlantic
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00455-00105257-00105574 Ocean where they intensify rapidly these
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00456-00105575-00105735 storms are known as Nor'easters and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00457-00105736-00105979 often bring widespread heavy rain wind
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00458-00105980-00106231 and snowfall to New England the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00459-00106232-00106417 uninterrupted grasslands of the Great
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00460-00106418-00106594 Plains also lead to some of the most
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00461-00106595-00106830 extreme climate swings in the world
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00462-00106831-00107050 temperatures can rise or drop rapidly
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00463-00107051-00107272 and winds can be extreme and the flow of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00464-00107273-00107497 heat waves or arctic air masses often
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00465-00107498-00107703 advance uninterrupted through the plains
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00466-00107704-00108022 the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00467-00108023-00108220 inter montane plateaus are arid or
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00468-00108221-00108424 semi-arid regions that lie in the rain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00469-00108425-00108720 shadow of the Cascades in Sierra Nevada
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00470-00108721-00108952 precipitation averages less than 5
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00471-00108953-00109252 team inches 38 centimeters the Southwest
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00472-00109253-00109432 is a hot desert with temperatures
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00473-00109433-00109675 exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit thirty
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00474-00109676-00109879 seven point eight degrees Celsius for
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00475-00109880-00110149 several weeks at a time in summer the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00476-00110150-00110344 Southwest and the Great Basin are also
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00477-00110345-00110551 affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00478-00110552-00110779 California from July to September which
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00479-00110780-00110977 brings localized but often severe
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00480-00110978-00111250 thunderstorms to the region much of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00481-00111251-00111469 California consists of a Mediterranean
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00482-00111470-00111625 climate with sometimes excessive
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00483-00111626-00111834 rainfall from October to April and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00484-00111835-00112018 nearly no rain the rest of the year in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00485-00112019-00112264 the Pacific Northwest rain falls
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00486-00112265-00112456 year-round but as much heavier during
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00487-00112457-00112693 winter and spring the mountains of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00488-00112694-00112924 West receive abundant precipitation and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00489-00112925-00113211 very heavy snowfall the Cascades are one
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00490-00113213-00113416 of the snowiest places in the world with
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00491-00113417-00113754 some places averaging over 600 inches
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00492-00113755-00114040 1524 centimeters of snow annually but
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00493-00114041-00114241 the lower elevations closer to the coast
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00494-00114242-00114558 receive very little snow Florida has a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00495-00114559-00114772 subtropical climate in the northern part
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00496-00114773-00114964 of the state and a tropical climate in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00497-00114965-00115204 the southern part of the state summers
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00498-00115205-00115408 are wet and winters are dry in Florida
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00499-00115408-00115659 annually much of Florida as well as the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00500-00115660-00115939 deep southern states are frost free the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00501-00115940-00116160 mild winters of Florida allow a massive
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00502-00116161-00116365 tropical fruit industry to thrive in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00503-00116366-00116539 central part of the state making the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00504-00116540-00116749 u.s. second to only Brazil in citrus
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00505-00116750-00116989 production in the world another
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00506-00116990-00117223 significant but localized weather effect
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00507-00117224-00117408 has lake effect snow that falls south
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00508-00117409-00117619 and east of the Great Lakes especially
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00509-00117620-00117772 in the hilly portions of the Upper
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00510-00117773-00117955 Peninsula of Michigan and on the tug
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00511-00117956-00118222 Hill Plateau in New York the lake effect
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00512-00118223-00118450 dumped well over five feet one point
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00513-00118451-00118672 five two meters of snow in the area of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00514-00118673-00118869 Buffalo New York throughout the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00515-00118870-00119233 2006-2007 winter the Wasatch Front and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00516-00119233-00119464 Wasatch Range in Utah can also receive
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00517-00119465-00119674 significant lake effect accumulations
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00518-00119675-00120065 from the Great Salt Lake
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00519-00120066-00120559 Topic extremes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00520-00120560-00120818 in northern Alaska tundra and arctic
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00521-00120819-00120979 conditions predominate where the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00522-00120980-00121148 temperature has fallen as low as minus
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00523-00121149-00121472 80 degrees Fahrenheit minus 62 point 2
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00524-00121473-00121748 degrees Celsius on the other end of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00525-00121749-00121976 spectrum Death Valley California once
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00526-00121977-00122324 reached 134 degrees Fahrenheit 56 point
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00527-00122325-00122525 seven degrees Celsius the highest
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00528-00122526-00122720 temperature ever recorded on earth on
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00529-00122721-00122900 average the mountains of the western
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00530-00122901-00123079 states received the highest levels of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00531-00123080-00123326 snowfall on earth the greatest annual
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00532-00123327-00123533 snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00533-00123533-00123979 Washington at 692 inches 1758
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00534-00123980-00124322 centimeters the record there was 1122
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00535-00124323-00124652 inches 2,850 centimeters in the winter
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00536-00124653-00125078 of 1971 72 this record was broken by the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00537-00125079-00125297 Mount Baker ski area in northwestern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00538-00125298-00125671 Washington which reported 1140 inches
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00539-00125672-00125993 2,800 96 centimeters of snowfall for the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00540-00125994-00126395 1998-99 snowfall season other places
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00541-00126396-00126586 with significant snowfall outside the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00542-00126588-00126794 Cascade range are the Wasatch Mountains
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00543-00126795-00126995 near the Great Salt Lake the San Juan
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00544-00126996-00127196 Mountains in Colorado and the Sierra
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00545-00127197-00127534 Nevada near Lake Tahoe in the east the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00546-00127535-00127678 region near the Great Lakes and the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00547-00127679-00127856 mountains of the Northeast received the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00548-00127857-00128059 most snowfall although such snowfall
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00549-00128060-00128276 levels do not near snowfall levels in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00550-00128277-00128533 the western United States along the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00551-00128534-00128761 northwestern Pacific coast rainfall is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00552-00128763-00128906 greater than anywhere else in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00553-00128907-00129103 continental US with Quinault rain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00554-00129104-00129286 forests in Washington having an average
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00555-00129288-00129790 of 137 inches 348 centimeters Hawaii
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00556-00129791-00130165 receives even more with 404 inches 1026
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00557-00130166-00130384 centimeters measured annually in the big
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00558-00130385-00130703 bog in Maui the Mojave Desert in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00559-00130704-00130922 southwest is home to the driest locale
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00560-00130923-00131189 in the US Yuma Arizona has an average of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00561-00131190-00131507 2.63 inches six point seven centimeters
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00562-00131508-00131732 of precipitation each year in central
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00563-00131733-00131939 portions of the US tornadoes are more
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00564-00131940-00132128 common than anywhere else on earth and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00565-00132129-00132302 touch down most commonly in the spring
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00566-00132303-00132499 and summer deadly and destructive
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00567-00132500-00132746 hurricanes occur almost every year along
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00568-00132747-00132935 the Atlantic seaboard in the Gulf of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00569-00132936-00133220 Mexico the Appalachian region and the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00570-00133221-00133403 Midwest experienced the worst floods
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00571-00133404-00133628 though virtually no area in the US is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00572-00133629-00133895 immune to flooding the Southwest has the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00573-00133896-00133940 worst
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00574-00133941-00134102 routes one is thought to have lasted
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00575-00134103-00134282 over 500 years and to have heard
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00576-00134283-00134570 ancestral Pueblo peoples the West is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00577-00134571-00135090 affected by large wildfires each year
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00578-00135091-00135659 topic natural disasters
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00579-00135660-00135884 the United States is affected by a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00580-00135885-00136123 variety of natural disasters yearly
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00581-00136124-00136349 although drought is rare it has
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00582-00136350-00136553 occasionally caused major disruption
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00583-00136554-00136829 such as during the Dust Bowl 1931 to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00584-00136830-00137147 1942 farmland failed throughout the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00585-00137148-00137357 plains entire regions were virtually
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00586-00137358-00137582 depopulated and dust storms ravaged the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00587-00137583-00137950 land
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00588-00137951-00138463 topic tornadoes and hurricanes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00589-00138464-00138712 the great plains and Midwest due to the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00590-00138713-00138922 contrasting air masses see frequent
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00591-00138923-00139087 severe thunderstorms and tornado
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00592-00139088-00139294 outbreaks during spring and summer with
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00593-00139295-00139504 around 1,000 tornadoes occurring each
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00594-00139505-00139771 year the strip of land from North Texas
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00595-00139772-00139999 north to Kansas and Nebraska and east
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00596-00140000-00140194 into Tennessee is known as Tornado Alley
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00597-00140195-00140449 where many houses have tornado shelters
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00598-00140450-00140677 and many towns have tornado sirens due
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00599-00140678-00140887 to the very frequent tornado formations
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00600-00140888-00141154 in the region hurricanes are another
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00601-00141155-00141385 natural disaster found in the US which
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00602-00141386-00141589 can hit anywhere along the Gulf Coast or
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00603-00141590-00141802 the Atlantic coast as well as Hawaii in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00604-00141803-00141997 the Pacific Ocean particularly at risk
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00605-00141998-00142171 are the central and southern Texas
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00606-00142172-00142384 coasts the area from southeastern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00607-00142385-00142579 Louisiana East to the Florida Panhandle
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00608-00142580-00142810 peninsular Florida and the Outer Banks
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00609-00142811-00143026 of North Carolina although any portion
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00610-00143027-00143302 of the coast could be struck hurricane
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00611-00143303-00143491 season runs from June 1st to November
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00612-00143492-00143731 30th with a peak from mid-august through
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00613-00143732-00143962 early October some of the more
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00614-00143963-00144175 devastating hurricanes have included the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00615-00144176-00144439 Galveston Hurricane of 1900 Hurricane
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00616-00144440-00144802 Andrew in 1992 Hurricane Katrina in 2005
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00617-00144803-00145216 and hurricane Harvey in 2017 hurricanes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00618-00145217-00145408 known as cyclones in the Pacific Ocean
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00619-00145409-00145624 failed to landfall on the Pacific coast
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00620-00145625-00145792 of the United States due to water
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00621-00145793-00145990 temperatures being too cool to sustain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00622-00145991-00146233 them however the remnants of tropical
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00623-00146234-00146443 cyclones from the eastern Pacific
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00624-00146444-00146650 occasionally impact the western United
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00625-00146651-00146812 States bringing moderate to heavy
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00626-00146813-00147200 rainfall
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00627-00147201-00147615 topic flooding
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00628-00147616-00147806 occasional severe flooding is
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00629-00147807-00147989 experienced there was the Great
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00630-00147990-00148259 Mississippi Flood of 1927 the Great
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00631-00148260-00148523 Flood of 1993 and widespread flooding
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00632-00148524-00148850 and mudslides caused by the 1982-83 El
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00633-00148851-00149119 Nino event in the western United States
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00634-00149120-00149387 localized flooding can however occur
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00635-00149388-00149590 anywhere and mudslides from heavy rain
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00636-00149591-00149776 can cause problems in any mountainous
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00637-00149777-00150074 area particularly the Southwest large
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00638-00150075-00150263 stretches of desert shrub in the West
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00639-00150264-00150536 can feel the spread of wildfires the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00640-00150537-00150758 narrow canyons of many mountain areas in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00641-00150759-00150920 the West and severe thunderstorm
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00642-00150921-00151097 activity during the summer lead to
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00643-00151098-00151307 sometimes devastating flash floods as
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00644-00151308-00151504 well while nor'easter snowstorms can
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00645-00151505-00151678 bring activity to a halt throughout the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00646-00151679-00151879 Northeast although heavy snowstorms can
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00647-00151880-00152263 occur almost anywhere
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00648-00152264-00152763 topic geologic
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00649-00152764-00153018 the west coast of the continental United
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00650-00153019-00153252 States and areas of Alaska including the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00651-00153253-00153432 Aleutian Islands the Alaskan Peninsula
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00652-00153433-00153684 and southern Alaskan coast make up part
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00653-00153685-00153903 of the Pacific Ring of Fire an area of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00654-00153904-00154089 heavy tectonic and volcanic activity
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00655-00154090-00154356 that is the source of 90% of the world's
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00656-00154357-00154650 earthquakes the American Northwest sees
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00657-00154651-00154836 the highest concentration of active
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00658-00154837-00155022 volcanoes in the United States in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00659-00155023-00155178 Washington Oregon and Northern
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00660-00155179-00155418 California along the Cascade Mountains
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00661-00155419-00155652 there are several active volcanoes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00662-00155653-00155793 located in the islands of Hawaii
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00663-00155794-00156075 including Kilauea in ongoing eruption
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00664-00156076-00156312 since 1983 but they do not typically
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00665-00156313-00156510 adversely affect the inhabitants of the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00666-00156511-00156771 islands there has not been a major life
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00667-00156772-00156936 threatening eruption on the Hawaiian
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00668-00156937-00157269 Islands since the 17th century volcanic
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00669-00157270-00157410 eruptions can occasionally be
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00670-00157411-00157662 devastating such as in the 1980 eruption
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00671-00157663-00157968 of Mount st. Helens in Washington the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00672-00157969-00158166 Ring of Fire makes California and
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00673-00158167-00158349 Southern Alaska particularly vulnerable
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00674-00158350-00158628 to earthquakes earthquakes can cause
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00675-00158629-00158931 extensive damage such as the 1906 San
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00676-00158932-00159228 Francisco earthquake or the 1964 Good
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00677-00159229-00159447 Friday earthquake near Anchorage Alaska
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00678-00159448-00159717 California is well known for seismic
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00679-00159718-00159936 activity and requires large structures
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00680-00159937-00160116 to be earthquake resistant to minimize
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00681-00160117-00160404 loss of life and property outside of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00682-00160405-00160586 devastating earthquakes California
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00683-00160587-00160797 experiences minor earthquakes on a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00684-00160798-00161136 regular basis there have been about 100
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00685-00161137-00161319 significant earthquakes annually from
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00686-00161320-00161718 2010 to 2012 past averages were 21 a
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00687-00161719-00161943 year this is believed to be due to the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00688-00161944-00162123 deep disposal of wastewater from
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00689-00162124-00162399 fracking none has exceeded a magnitude
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00690-00162400-00162978 of 5.6 and no one has been killed
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00691-00162979-00163496 topic other natural disasters
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00692-00163497-00163787 other natural disasters include tsunamis
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00693-00163788-00164002 around Pacific Basin mudslides in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00694-00164003-00164215 California and forest fires in the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00695-00164216-00164396 western half of the contiguous US
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00696-00164397-00164609 although drought is relatively rare it
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00697-00164610-00164791 has occasionally caused major economic
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00698-00164792-00165040 and social disruption such as during the
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00699-00165041-00165434 Dust Bowl 1931 to 1942 which resulted in
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00700-00165435-00165635 widespread crop failures and dust storms
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00701-00165636-00165802 beginning in the southern Great Plains
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00702-00165803-00166352 and reaching to the Atlantic Ocean
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00703-00166353-00166827 topic public lands
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00704-00166828-00167103 the United States holds many areas for
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00705-00167104-00167280 the use and enjoyment of the public
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00706-00167281-00167529 these include national parks national
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00707-00167530-00167793 monuments national forests wilderness
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00708-00167794-00168114 areas and other areas for lists of areas
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00709-00168115-00168405 see the following articles list of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00710-00168406-00168720 national parks of the United States list
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00711-00168721-00169065 of national natural landmarks list of US
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00712-00169066-00169494 national forests list of US wilderness
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00713-00169495-00169840 areas
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00714-00169841-00170357 topic C also
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00715-00170358-00170846 topic notes
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00716-00170847-00171364 topic further reading
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00717-00171365-00171682 Brown Ralph Hall historical geography of
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00718-00171683-00171910 the United States New York Harcourt
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00719-00171911-00172345 brace 1948 Stein mark how the state's
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00720-00172346-00172567 got their shapes New York Smithsonian
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00721-00172568-00172987 books Collins 2008 ISBN 978
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00722-00172988-00173257 0:06 one four three one three eight
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00723-00173258-00173664 eight
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00724-00173665-00174197 topic external links
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00725-00174198-00174644 USGS tapestry of time and terrain United
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00726-00174645-00174904 States Geological Survey maintains free
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00727-00174905-00175238 aerial maps national atlas of the United
+V1OIKcZNT7Q-00728-00175239-00175538 States of America
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+V6ntemRFRS0-00000-00000007-00000308 the Radical Republicans were a faction
+V6ntemRFRS0-00001-00000309-00000488 of American politicians within the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00002-00000488-00000686 Republican Party of the United States
+V6ntemRFRS0-00003-00000687-00000965 from around 1854 before the American
+V6ntemRFRS0-00004-00000966-00001106 Civil War until the end of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00005-00001107-00001327 Reconstruction in 1877
+V6ntemRFRS0-00006-00001328-00001667 they called themselves radicals with a
+V6ntemRFRS0-00007-00001668-00001826 sense of a complete permanent
+V6ntemRFRS0-00008-00001827-00002045 eradication of slavery and secessionism
+V6ntemRFRS0-00009-00002046-00002306 without compromise they were opposed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00010-00002307-00002453 during the war by the moderate
+V6ntemRFRS0-00011-00002454-00002606 Republicans led by u.s. President
+V6ntemRFRS0-00012-00002607-00002840 Abraham Lincoln by the conservative
+V6ntemRFRS0-00013-00002841-00002993 Republicans and by the anti
+V6ntemRFRS0-00014-00002994-00003191 abolitionists and anti reconstruction
+V6ntemRFRS0-00015-00003192-00003356 Democratic Party as well as by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00016-00003357-00003547 conservatives in the south and liberals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00017-00003548-00003729 in the north during reconstruction
+V6ntemRFRS0-00018-00003730-00003977 radicals led efforts after the war to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00019-00003978-00004184 establish civil rights for former slaves
+V6ntemRFRS0-00020-00004185-00004475 and fully implement emancipation after
+V6ntemRFRS0-00021-00004476-00004756 weaker measures resulted in 1866 in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00022-00004757-00004952 violence against former slaves in the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00023-00004953-00005179 rebel States radicals pushed the 14th
+V6ntemRFRS0-00024-00005180-00005377 Amendment and statutory protections
+V6ntemRFRS0-00025-00005378-00005602 through Congress they disfavored
+V6ntemRFRS0-00026-00005603-00005800 allowing ex-confederates officers to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00027-00005801-00006007 retake political power in the south and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00028-00006008-00006229 emphasized equality civil rights and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00029-00006230-00006491 voting rights for the freed people ie
+V6ntemRFRS0-00030-00006492-00006698 people who had been enslaved by state
+V6ntemRFRS0-00031-00006698-00006908 slavery laws within the United States
+V6ntemRFRS0-00032-00006909-00007112 during the war Radical Republicans
+V6ntemRFRS0-00033-00007113-00007303 opposed Lincoln's initial selection of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00034-00007304-00007495 General George B McClellan for top
+V6ntemRFRS0-00035-00007496-00007681 command of the major Eastern Army of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00036-00007682-00007906 Potomac and his efforts to bring seceded
+V6ntemRFRS0-00037-00007907-00008081 southern states back into the Union as
+V6ntemRFRS0-00038-00008081-00008269 quickly and easily as possible
+V6ntemRFRS0-00039-00008270-00008524 Lincoln later recognized McClellan's
+V6ntemRFRS0-00040-00008525-00008752 weakness and relieved him of command the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00041-00008753-00008953 radicals passed their own reconstruction
+V6ntemRFRS0-00042-00008954-00009224 plan through the Congress in 1864 but
+V6ntemRFRS0-00043-00009225-00009401 Lincoln vetoed it and was putting his
+V6ntemRFRS0-00044-00009402-00009617 own presidential policies in effect by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00045-00009618-00009824 virtue as military commander in chief
+V6ntemRFRS0-00046-00009825-00010146 when he was assassinated in April 1865
+V6ntemRFRS0-00047-00010147-00010363 radicals pushed for the uncompensated
+V6ntemRFRS0-00048-00010364-00010567 abolition of slavery while Lincoln
+V6ntemRFRS0-00049-00010568-00010738 wanted to pay slave owners who were
+V6ntemRFRS0-00050-00010739-00011006 loyal to the Union after the war the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00051-00011007-00011221 radicals demanded civil rights for freed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00052-00011222-00011449 us slaves including measures ensuring
+V6ntemRFRS0-00053-00011450-00011702 suffrage they initiated the various
+V6ntemRFRS0-00054-00011703-00011923 reconstruction acts as well as the 14th
+V6ntemRFRS0-00055-00011924-00012116 amendment and limited political and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00056-00012117-00012313 voting rights for ex-confederate civil
+V6ntemRFRS0-00057-00012314-00012587 officials and military officers they
+V6ntemRFRS0-00058-00012588-00012781 keenly fought US President Andrew
+V6ntemRFRS0-00059-00012782-00012991 Johnson a former slave owner from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00060-00012992-00013172 Tennessee who favored allowing southern
+V6ntemRFRS0-00061-00013172-00013363 states to decide the rights and status
+V6ntemRFRS0-00062-00013365-00013385 of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00063-00013386-00013666 former slaves after he vetoed various
+V6ntemRFRS0-00064-00013668-00013874 congressional acts favoring civil rights
+V6ntemRFRS0-00065-00013875-00014054 for former slaves they attempted to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00066-00014055-00014186 remove him from office through
+V6ntemRFRS0-00067-00014187-00014383 impeachment which failed by one vote in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00068-00014384-00015008 1868
+V6ntemRFRS0-00069-00015009-00015577 topic the radical coalition
+V6ntemRFRS0-00070-00015578-00015946 the term radical was in common use in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00071-00015947-00016119 the anti-slavery movement before the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00072-00016121-00016344 Civil War referring not to abolitionists
+V6ntemRFRS0-00073-00016346-00016540 but to northern politicians strongly
+V6ntemRFRS0-00074-00016541-00016828 opposed to slave power many and perhaps
+V6ntemRFRS0-00075-00016829-00017026 a majority had been Whigs such as
+V6ntemRFRS0-00076-00017027-00017218 william seward a leading presidential
+V6ntemRFRS0-00077-00017219-00017469 contender in 1860 and Lincoln's
+V6ntemRFRS0-00078-00017470-00017694 Secretary of State Thaddeus Stevens of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00079-00017695-00017911 Pennsylvania as well as Horace Greeley
+V6ntemRFRS0-00080-00017912-00018097 editor of the New York Tribune the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00081-00018098-00018343 leading radical newspaper there was
+V6ntemRFRS0-00082-00018344-00018547 movement in both directions some of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00083-00018548-00018781 pre-war radicals such as seward became
+V6ntemRFRS0-00084-00018782-00018958 more conservative during the war while
+V6ntemRFRS0-00085-00018959-00019164 some pre-war moderates became radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00086-00019165-00019405 some wartime radicals had been
+V6ntemRFRS0-00087-00019406-00019597 conservative Democrats before the war
+V6ntemRFRS0-00088-00019598-00019900 often taking pro-slavery positions they
+V6ntemRFRS0-00089-00019901-00020152 included John a Logan of Illinois Edwin
+V6ntemRFRS0-00090-00020153-00020392 Stanton of Ohio Benjamin Butler of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00091-00020393-00020614 Massachusetts ulysses s grant of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00092-00020615-00020791 Illinois and Vice President Andrew
+V6ntemRFRS0-00093-00020792-00021007 Johnson Johnson broke with the radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00094-00021008-00021304 after he became president the radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00095-00021305-00021508 came to majority power in the Congress
+V6ntemRFRS0-00096-00021509-00021799 in the elections of 1866 after several
+V6ntemRFRS0-00097-00021800-00021972 episodes of violence led many to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00098-00021973-00022180 conclude that President Johnson's weaker
+V6ntemRFRS0-00099-00022181-00022327 reconstruction policies were
+V6ntemRFRS0-00100-00022328-00022612 insufficient these episodes included the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00101-00022613-00022813 New Orleans riot and the Memphis riots
+V6ntemRFRS0-00102-00022814-00023182 of 1866 in a pamphlet directed to black
+V6ntemRFRS0-00103-00023183-00023503 voters in 1867 the Union Republican
+V6ntemRFRS0-00104-00023504-00023821 Congressional Committee stated T keyword
+V6ntemRFRS0-00105-00023822-00024037 radical as applied to political parties
+V6ntemRFRS0-00106-00024038-00024372 and politicians means one who is in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00107-00024373-00024580 favor of going to the root of things who
+V6ntemRFRS0-00108-00024581-00024753 is thoroughly in earnest who desires
+V6ntemRFRS0-00109-00024754-00024937 that slavery should be abolished that
+V6ntemRFRS0-00110-00024938-00025114 every disability connected therewith
+V6ntemRFRS0-00111-00025115-00025309 should be obliterated the radicals were
+V6ntemRFRS0-00112-00025310-00025494 never formally organized and there was
+V6ntemRFRS0-00113-00025495-00025717 movement in and out of the group their
+V6ntemRFRS0-00114-00025718-00025927 most successful and systematic leader
+V6ntemRFRS0-00115-00025927-00026139 was Pennsylvania congressman Thaddeus
+V6ntemRFRS0-00116-00026141-00026331 Stevens in the House of Representatives
+V6ntemRFRS0-00117-00026332-00026620 the Democrats were strongly opposed to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00118-00026620-00026788 the radicals but they were generally a
+V6ntemRFRS0-00119-00026789-00026998 weak minority in politics until they
+V6ntemRFRS0-00120-00026999-00027252 took control of the house in the 1874
+V6ntemRFRS0-00121-00027254-00027520 congressional elections the moderate and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00122-00027520-00027763 conservative Republican factions usually
+V6ntemRFRS0-00123-00027764-00027937 opposed the radicals but they were not
+V6ntemRFRS0-00124-00027938-00028207 well organized Lincoln tried to build a
+V6ntemRFRS0-00125-00028208-00028408 multi faction coalition including
+V6ntemRFRS0-00126-00028408-00028660 radicals conservatives moderates and war
+V6ntemRFRS0-00127-00028661-00028858 Democrats as while he was often opposed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00128-00028858-00028949 by the radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00129-00028950-00029239 he never ostracized them Andrew Johnson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00130-00029241-00029389 was thought to be a radical when he
+V6ntemRFRS0-00131-00029391-00029669 became president in 1865 but he soon
+V6ntemRFRS0-00132-00029670-00029891 became their leading opponent however
+V6ntemRFRS0-00133-00029892-00030158 Johnson was so inept as a politician he
+V6ntemRFRS0-00134-00030158-00030358 was unable to form a cohesive support
+V6ntemRFRS0-00135-00030360-00030420 network
+V6ntemRFRS0-00136-00030422-00030788 finally in 1872 the liberal Republicans
+V6ntemRFRS0-00137-00030789-00030964 most of them X radicals ran a
+V6ntemRFRS0-00138-00030966-00031145 presidential campaign and won the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00139-00031145-00031325 support of the Democratic Party for
+V6ntemRFRS0-00140-00031326-00031570 their ticket they argued that grant and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00141-00031572-00031724 the radicals were corrupt and had
+V6ntemRFRS0-00142-00031725-00031937 imposed reconstruction far too long on
+V6ntemRFRS0-00143-00031938-00032147 the south they were overwhelmingly
+V6ntemRFRS0-00144-00032148-00032395 defeated and collapsed as a movement on
+V6ntemRFRS0-00145-00032395-00032624 issues not concerned with the slave
+V6ntemRFRS0-00146-00032625-00032849 power the destruction of the Confederacy
+V6ntemRFRS0-00147-00032850-00033038 the eradication of slavery and the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00148-00033039-00033218 rights of the freedmen radicals took
+V6ntemRFRS0-00149-00033219-00033500 positions all over the political map for
+V6ntemRFRS0-00150-00033501-00033715 example radicals who had once been Whigs
+V6ntemRFRS0-00151-00033716-00033935 generally supported high tariffs and X
+V6ntemRFRS0-00152-00033936-00034205 Democrats generally opposed them some
+V6ntemRFRS0-00153-00034206-00034415 men were for hard money and no inflation
+V6ntemRFRS0-00154-00034416-00034580 while others were for soft money and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00155-00034581-00034835 inflation the argument common in the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00156-00034836-00035072 1930s that the radicals were primarily
+V6ntemRFRS0-00157-00035073-00035282 motivated by a desire to selfishly
+V6ntemRFRS0-00158-00035283-00035495 promote northeastern business interests
+V6ntemRFRS0-00159-00035496-00035714 has seldom been argued by historians for
+V6ntemRFRS0-00160-00035715-00035984 a half-century on foreign policy issues
+V6ntemRFRS0-00161-00035985-00036227 the radicals and moderates generally did
+V6ntemRFRS0-00162-00036228-00036884 not take distinctive positions
+V6ntemRFRS0-00163-00036885-00037394 topic war time
+V6ntemRFRS0-00164-00037395-00037673 after the 1860 elections moderate
+V6ntemRFRS0-00165-00037674-00037859 Republicans dominated the Congress
+V6ntemRFRS0-00166-00037860-00038126 Radical Republicans were often critical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00167-00038127-00038276 of Lincoln who they believed was too
+V6ntemRFRS0-00168-00038277-00038474 slow in freeing slaves and supporting
+V6ntemRFRS0-00169-00038475-00038732 their legal equality Lincoln put all
+V6ntemRFRS0-00170-00038733-00038930 factions in his cabinet including
+V6ntemRFRS0-00171-00038931-00039185 radicals like salmon P chase secretary
+V6ntemRFRS0-00172-00039186-00039386 of the Treasury whom he later appointed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00173-00039387-00039590 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court James
+V6ntemRFRS0-00174-00039591-00039806 speed Attorney General in Edwin M
+V6ntemRFRS0-00175-00039807-00040070 Stanton Secretary of War Lincoln
+V6ntemRFRS0-00176-00040071-00040331 appointed many Radical Republicans such
+V6ntemRFRS0-00177-00040332-00040550 as journalist James Sheppard Pike to key
+V6ntemRFRS0-00178-00040551-00040844 diplomatic positions angry with Lincoln
+V6ntemRFRS0-00179-00040845-00041156 in 1864 some radicals briefly formed a
+V6ntemRFRS0-00180-00041157-00041333 political party called the radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00181-00041334-00041582 Democracy party with John C Fremont as
+V6ntemRFRS0-00182-00041583-00041753 their candidate for president until
+V6ntemRFRS0-00183-00041754-00042020 Fremont withdrew an important Republican
+V6ntemRFRS0-00184-00042021-00042257 opponent of the Radical Republicans was
+V6ntemRFRS0-00185-00042258-00042530 Henry Jarvis Raymond Raymond was both
+V6ntemRFRS0-00186-00042531-00042728 editor of the New York Times and also a
+V6ntemRFRS0-00187-00042729-00042884 chairman of the Republican National
+V6ntemRFRS0-00188-00042885-00043142 Committee in Congress the most
+V6ntemRFRS0-00189-00043143-00043382 influential Radical Republicans were US
+V6ntemRFRS0-00190-00043383-00043559 Senator Charles Sumner and US
+V6ntemRFRS0-00191-00043560-00043841 Representative Thaddeus Stevens they led
+V6ntemRFRS0-00192-00043842-00043982 the call for a war that would end
+V6ntemRFRS0-00193-00043983-00044515 slavery
+V6ntemRFRS0-00194-00044516-00045104 topic reconstruction policy
+V6ntemRFRS0-00195-00045105-00045448 you
+V6ntemRFRS0-00196-00045449-00045977 topic opposing Lincoln
+V6ntemRFRS0-00197-00045978-00046190 the Radical Republicans opposed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00198-00046191-00046415 Lincoln's terms for reuniting the United
+V6ntemRFRS0-00199-00046416-00046709 States during reconstruction 1863 which
+V6ntemRFRS0-00200-00046710-00046964 they viewed as too lenient they proposed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00201-00046965-00047234 an ironclad oath that would prevent
+V6ntemRFRS0-00202-00047235-00047384 anyone who supported the Confederacy
+V6ntemRFRS0-00203-00047385-00047627 from voting in southern elections but
+V6ntemRFRS0-00204-00047628-00047810 Lincoln blocked it and once radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00205-00047811-00048077 passed the Wade Davis bill in 1864
+V6ntemRFRS0-00206-00048078-00048206 Lincoln vetoed it
+V6ntemRFRS0-00207-00048207-00048440 the radicals demanded a more aggressive
+V6ntemRFRS0-00208-00048441-00048686 prosecution of the war a faster end to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00209-00048687-00048869 slavery and total destruction of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00210-00048870-00049163 Confederacy after the war the radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00211-00049164-00049289 controlled the Joint Committee on
+V6ntemRFRS0-00212-00049290-00049860 reconstruction
+V6ntemRFRS0-00213-00049861-00050390 topic opposing Johnson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00214-00050391-00050664 after the assassination of US President
+V6ntemRFRS0-00215-00050665-00050873 Abraham Lincoln Vice President Andrew
+V6ntemRFRS0-00216-00050874-00051135 Johnson became president although he
+V6ntemRFRS0-00217-00051136-00051320 appeared at first to be a radical he
+V6ntemRFRS0-00218-00051321-00051474 broke with them and the radicals in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00219-00051475-00051644 Johnson became embroiled in a bitter
+V6ntemRFRS0-00220-00051645-00051894 struggle Johnson proved a poor
+V6ntemRFRS0-00221-00051895-00052104 politician and his allies lost heavily
+V6ntemRFRS0-00222-00052104-00052434 in the 1866 elections in the north the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00223-00052435-00052604 radicals now had full control of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00224-00052605-00052800 Congress and could override Johnson's
+V6ntemRFRS0-00225-00052801-00053330 vetoes
+V6ntemRFRS0-00226-00053332-00053889 topic control of Congress
+V6ntemRFRS0-00227-00053890-00054216 after the 1866 elections the radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00228-00054216-00054498 generally controlled Congress Johnson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00229-00054499-00054738 vetoed 21 bills passed by Congress
+V6ntemRFRS0-00230-00054739-00054903 during his term but the radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00231-00054904-00055137 overrode 15 of them including the Civil
+V6ntemRFRS0-00232-00055138-00055367 Rights Act of 1866 and for
+V6ntemRFRS0-00233-00055369-00055551 reconstruction acts which rewrote the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00234-00055552-00055722 election laws for the south and allowed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00235-00055723-00055923 blacks to vote while prohibiting former
+V6ntemRFRS0-00236-00055924-00056109 Confederate Army officers from holding
+V6ntemRFRS0-00237-00056110-00056565 office as a result of the 1867 to 1868
+V6ntemRFRS0-00238-00056566-00056792 elections the newly empowered freedmen
+V6ntemRFRS0-00239-00056794-00056970 in coalition with carpetbaggers
+V6ntemRFRS0-00240-00056971-00057176 northerners who had recently moved south
+V6ntemRFRS0-00241-00057177-00057366 and scalawags white Southerners who
+V6ntemRFRS0-00242-00057366-00057551 supported reconstruction set up
+V6ntemRFRS0-00243-00057552-00057753 republican governments in ten southern
+V6ntemRFRS0-00244-00057754-00058367 states all but Virginia
+V6ntemRFRS0-00245-00058369-00058857 topic impeachment
+V6ntemRFRS0-00246-00058858-00059109 the radical plan was to remove Johnson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00247-00059110-00059184 from office
+V6ntemRFRS0-00248-00059185-00059330 but the first effort at the impeachment
+V6ntemRFRS0-00249-00059332-00059559 of US President Andrew Johnson went
+V6ntemRFRS0-00250-00059560-00059823 nowhere after Johnson violated the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00251-00059824-00059997 tenure of office act by dismissing
+V6ntemRFRS0-00252-00059998-00060249 Secretary of War Edwin M Stanton the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00253-00060250-00060425 House of Representatives voted to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00254-00060426-00060621 impeach him but he escaped removal from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00255-00060622-00060837 office by the Senate by a single vote in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00256-00060838-00061074 1868 though he had lost most of his
+V6ntemRFRS0-00257-00061075-00061595 power
+V6ntemRFRS0-00258-00061596-00062128 topic supporting grant
+V6ntemRFRS0-00259-00062129-00062578 General Ulysses s grant in 1865 to 1868
+V6ntemRFRS0-00260-00062579-00062754 was in charge of the army under
+V6ntemRFRS0-00261-00062755-00062955 President Johnson but grant generally
+V6ntemRFRS0-00262-00062957-00063229 enforced the radical agenda the leading
+V6ntemRFRS0-00263-00063229-00063415 radicals in Congress were Thaddeus
+V6ntemRFRS0-00264-00063416-00063598 Stevens in the house and Charles Sumner
+V6ntemRFRS0-00265-00063599-00063850 in the Senate grant was elected as a
+V6ntemRFRS0-00266-00063851-00064111 Republican in 1868 and after the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00267-00064112-00064291 election he generally cited with the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00268-00064291-00064522 radicals on reconstruction policies and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00269-00064523-00064801 signed the Civil Rights Act of 1871 into
+V6ntemRFRS0-00270-00064802-00065119 law the Republicans split in 1872 over
+V6ntemRFRS0-00271-00065120-00065284 grants re-election with the liberal
+V6ntemRFRS0-00272-00065285-00065517 Republicans including Sumner opposing
+V6ntemRFRS0-00273-00065519-00065665 grant with a new third party
+V6ntemRFRS0-00274-00065666-00065950 the Liberals lost badly but the economy
+V6ntemRFRS0-00275-00065951-00066268 then went into a depression in 1873 and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00276-00066269-00066556 in 1874 the Democrats swept back into
+V6ntemRFRS0-00277-00066557-00066703 power and ended the reign of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00278-00066704-00066910 radicals the radicals tried to protect
+V6ntemRFRS0-00279-00066911-00067102 the new coalition but one by one the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00280-00067103-00067291 southern states voted the Republicans
+V6ntemRFRS0-00281-00067292-00067603 out of power until in 1876 only three
+V6ntemRFRS0-00282-00067604-00067819 were left Louisiana Florida and South
+V6ntemRFRS0-00283-00067820-00068038 Carolina where the army still protected
+V6ntemRFRS0-00284-00068039-00068404 them the 1876 presidential election was
+V6ntemRFRS0-00285-00068405-00068587 so close that it was decided in those
+V6ntemRFRS0-00286-00068588-00068797 three states despite massive fraud and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00287-00068798-00069043 illegalities on both sides the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00288-00069044-00069310 compromise of 1877 called for the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00289-00069311-00069505 election of a Republican as president
+V6ntemRFRS0-00290-00069506-00069696 and his withdrawal of the troops
+V6ntemRFRS0-00291-00069697-00069949 Republican Rutherford behaves withdrew
+V6ntemRFRS0-00292-00069950-00070120 the troops and the Republican state
+V6ntemRFRS0-00293-00070121-00070788 regimes immediately collapsed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00294-00070789-00071380 topic reconstruction of the south
+V6ntemRFRS0-00295-00071381-00071596 during Reconstruction Radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00296-00071597-00071824 Republicans increasingly took control
+V6ntemRFRS0-00297-00071825-00072103 led by Sumner and Stephens they demanded
+V6ntemRFRS0-00298-00072104-00072276 harsher measures in the south more
+V6ntemRFRS0-00299-00072277-00072445 protection for the freedmen and more
+V6ntemRFRS0-00300-00072446-00072595 guarantees that the Confederate
+V6ntemRFRS0-00301-00072596-00072798 nationalism was totally eliminated
+V6ntemRFRS0-00302-00072799-00073036 following Lincoln's assassination in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00303-00073037-00073330 1865 Andrew Johnson a former war
+V6ntemRFRS0-00304-00073331-00073654 Democrat became president the radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00305-00073655-00073882 at first admired Johnson's hardline talk
+V6ntemRFRS0-00306-00073883-00074107 when they discovered his ambivalence on
+V6ntemRFRS0-00307-00074108-00074305 key issues by his veto of Civil Rights
+V6ntemRFRS0-00308-00074306-00074698 Act of 1866 they overrode his veto this
+V6ntemRFRS0-00309-00074699-00074878 was the first time that Congress had
+V6ntemRFRS0-00310-00074879-00075061 overridden a president on an important
+V6ntemRFRS0-00311-00075062-00075430 bill the Civil Rights Act of 1866 made
+V6ntemRFRS0-00312-00075431-00075673 African Americans United States citizens
+V6ntemRFRS0-00313-00075674-00075886 forbade discrimination against them and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00314-00075887-00076075 it was to be enforced in federal courts
+V6ntemRFRS0-00315-00076076-00076318 the Fourteenth Amendment to the United
+V6ntemRFRS0-00316-00076319-00076615 States Constitution of 1868 with its
+V6ntemRFRS0-00317-00076616-00076822 equal protection clause was the work of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00318-00076823-00077017 a coalition form of both moderate and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00319-00077018-00077350 Radical Republicans by 1866 the Radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00320-00077351-00077542 Republicans supported federal civil
+V6ntemRFRS0-00321-00077543-00077713 rights for freedmen which Johnson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00322-00077714-00078100 opposed by 1867 they defined terms for
+V6ntemRFRS0-00323-00078101-00078295 suffrage for freed slaves and limited
+V6ntemRFRS0-00324-00078296-00078502 early suffrage for many ex-confederates
+V6ntemRFRS0-00325-00078503-00078745 while Johnson opposed the Radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00326-00078746-00078970 Republicans on some issues the decisive
+V6ntemRFRS0-00327-00078971-00079267 congressional elections of 1866 gave the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00328-00079268-00079447 radicals enough votes to enact their
+V6ntemRFRS0-00329-00079448-00079635 legislation over Johnson's vetoes
+V6ntemRFRS0-00330-00079636-00079839 through elections in the South
+V6ntemRFRS0-00331-00079840-00080026 ex-confederate office holders were
+V6ntemRFRS0-00332-00080027-00080224 gradually replaced with a coalition of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00333-00080225-00080428 freedmen southern whites pejoratively
+V6ntemRFRS0-00334-00080429-00080662 called scalawags and northerners who had
+V6ntemRFRS0-00335-00080663-00080830 resettled in the South pejoratively
+V6ntemRFRS0-00336-00080831-00081088 called carpetbaggers the Radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00337-00081089-00081310 Republicans to impeach US President
+V6ntemRFRS0-00338-00081311-00081505 Andrew Johnson in the house but failed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00339-00081506-00081706 by one vote in the Senate to remove him
+V6ntemRFRS0-00340-00081707-00081907 from office the radicals were opposed by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00341-00081908-00082054 former slave owners and white
+V6ntemRFRS0-00342-00082055-00082269 supremacists in the rebel States
+V6ntemRFRS0-00343-00082270-00082492 radicals were targeted by the Ku Klux
+V6ntemRFRS0-00344-00082493-00082699 Klan who shot to death one radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00345-00082700-00082989 congressman from Arkansas James M Hines
+V6ntemRFRS0-00346-00082990-00083248 the Radical Republicans led the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00347-00083249-00083419 reconstruction of the south all
+V6ntemRFRS0-00348-00083420-00083662 Republican factions supported Ulysses
+V6ntemRFRS0-00349-00083663-00084007 Grant for president in 1868 once in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00350-00084008-00084202 office grant forced Sumner out of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00351-00084203-00084403 party and used federal power to try to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00352-00084404-00084694 break up the Ku Klux Klan organization
+V6ntemRFRS0-00353-00084695-00084925 however insurgents and community riots
+V6ntemRFRS0-00354-00084926-00085084 continued harassment and violence
+V6ntemRFRS0-00355-00085085-00085279 against African Americans and their
+V6ntemRFRS0-00356-00085280-00085576 allies into the early 20th century by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00357-00085577-00085849 the 1872 presidential election the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00358-00085850-00086002 liberal Republicans thought that
+V6ntemRFRS0-00359-00086003-00086197 reconstruction had succeeded and should
+V6ntemRFRS0-00360-00086198-00086467 end many moderates joined their cause as
+V6ntemRFRS0-00361-00086468-00086635 well as radical Republican leader
+V6ntemRFRS0-00362-00086636-00086917 Charles Sumner they nominated New York
+V6ntemRFRS0-00363-00086918-00087127 Tribune editor Horace Greeley who was
+V6ntemRFRS0-00364-00087128-00087415 also nominated by the Democrats grant
+V6ntemRFRS0-00365-00087416-00087607 was easily re-elected in state after
+V6ntemRFRS0-00366-00087608-00087775 state in the south the Redeemers
+V6ntemRFRS0-00367-00087776-00087931 movement seized control from the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00368-00087932-00088156 Republicans until only three Republican
+V6ntemRFRS0-00369-00088157-00088474 states were left in 1876 South Carolina
+V6ntemRFRS0-00370-00088475-00088768 Florida and Louisiana Republican
+V6ntemRFRS0-00371-00088769-00088972 presidential candidate Rutherford B
+V6ntemRFRS0-00372-00088973-00089113 Hayes announced that he favored
+V6ntemRFRS0-00373-00089114-00089392 restoring home rule in these states
+V6ntemRFRS0-00374-00089393-00089578 provided they promised to respect the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00375-00089579-00089821 rights of the freedmen when Hayes became
+V6ntemRFRS0-00376-00089822-00090097 president in 1877 he ordered the removal
+V6ntemRFRS0-00377-00090098-00090310 of federal troops and Redeemers took
+V6ntemRFRS0-00378-00090311-00090559 over in these states as well as white
+V6ntemRFRS0-00379-00090560-00090808 Democratic dominated state legislators
+V6ntemRFRS0-00380-00090809-00091030 regained power and congressional efforts
+V6ntemRFRS0-00381-00091031-00091228 to reconstruct the South faded in the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00382-00091229-00091399 late 19th century after the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00383-00091400-00091597 Reconstruction period Jim Crow laws were
+V6ntemRFRS0-00384-00091598-00091783 enacted to limit the civil rights of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00385-00091784-00092106 former slaves liberal Republicans in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00386-00092107-00092425 1872 and Democrats argued the Radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00387-00092426-00092620 Republicans were corrupt by the acts of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00388-00092621-00092812 accepting bribes notably during the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00389-00092813-00093079 grant administration these opponents of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00390-00093080-00093307 the radicals demanded amnesty for all X
+V6ntemRFRS0-00391-00093308-00093505 Confederates restoring the right to vote
+V6ntemRFRS0-00392-00093506-00093805 and hold public office Foner's history
+V6ntemRFRS0-00393-00093806-00093979 of reconstruction pointed out that
+V6ntemRFRS0-00394-00093980-00094198 sometimes the financial chicanery was as
+V6ntemRFRS0-00395-00094199-00094404 much a question of extortion as bribes
+V6ntemRFRS0-00396-00094405-00094783 by 1872 the radicals were increasingly
+V6ntemRFRS0-00397-00094784-00094948 splintered and in the congressional
+V6ntemRFRS0-00398-00094949-00095206 elections of 1874 the anti-radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00399-00095207-00095527 Democrats took control of Congress many
+V6ntemRFRS0-00400-00095528-00095778 former radicals joined the stalwart
+V6ntemRFRS0-00401-00095779-00096022 faction of the Republican Party while
+V6ntemRFRS0-00402-00096023-00096247 many opponents joined the half-breeds
+V6ntemRFRS0-00403-00096248-00096487 who differed primarily on matters of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00404-00096488-00097137 patronage rather than policy
+V6ntemRFRS0-00405-00097138-00097706 topic historiography
+V6ntemRFRS0-00406-00097707-00097931 in the aftermath of the Civil War and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00407-00097932-00098107 reconstruction new battles took place
+V6ntemRFRS0-00408-00098108-00098318 over the construction of memory and the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00409-00098319-00098549 meaning of historical events the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00410-00098550-00098707 earliest historians to study
+V6ntemRFRS0-00411-00098708-00098869 reconstruction and the Radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00412-00098870-00099065 Republican participation in it were
+V6ntemRFRS0-00413-00099066-00099224 members of the Dunning school led by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00414-00099225-00099457 William Archibald Dunning and John W
+V6ntemRFRS0-00415-00099458-00099730 Burgess the Dunning school based at
+V6ntemRFRS0-00416-00099731-00099955 Columbia University in the early 20th
+V6ntemRFRS0-00417-00099956-00100184 century saw the radicals is motivated by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00418-00100185-00100373 a lust for power at the expense of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00419-00100374-00100541 national reconciliation and an
+V6ntemRFRS0-00420-00100542-00100749 irrational hatred of the Confederacy
+V6ntemRFRS0-00421-00100750-00100993 according to Dunning school historians
+V6ntemRFRS0-00422-00100994-00101198 the Radical Republicans reversed the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00423-00101199-00101401 gains Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00424-00101402-00101591 had made in reintegrating the South
+V6ntemRFRS0-00425-00101592-00101810 established corrupt shadow governments
+V6ntemRFRS0-00426-00101811-00101984 made up of northern carpetbaggers and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00427-00101985-00102169 southern scalawags in the former
+V6ntemRFRS0-00428-00102170-00102355 Confederate states and to increase their
+V6ntemRFRS0-00429-00102356-00102568 support base foisted political rights on
+V6ntemRFRS0-00430-00102569-00102689 the freed slaves that they were
+V6ntemRFRS0-00431-00102690-00102994 unprepared or incapable of utilizing for
+V6ntemRFRS0-00432-00102995-00103151 the Dunning school the Radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00433-00103152-00103357 Republicans made reconstruction a dark
+V6ntemRFRS0-00434-00103358-00103553 age that only ended when southern whites
+V6ntemRFRS0-00435-00103554-00103802 rose up and re-established a home rule
+V6ntemRFRS0-00436-00103803-00104063 free of northern Republican and black
+V6ntemRFRS0-00437-00104064-00104305 influence in the 1930s the Dunning
+V6ntemRFRS0-00438-00104306-00104494 oriented approaches were rejected by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00439-00104495-00104828 self-styled revisionist historians led
+V6ntemRFRS0-00440-00104829-00105158 by Howard cable along with W EB Dubois
+V6ntemRFRS0-00441-00105158-00105464 William B Heseltine C Vann Woodward & T
+V6ntemRFRS0-00442-00105465-00105683 Harry Williams they downplayed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00443-00105683-00105853 corruption and stressed that northern
+V6ntemRFRS0-00444-00105854-00106100 Democrats were also corrupt Beale and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00445-00106101-00106238 Woodward were leaders in promoting
+V6ntemRFRS0-00446-00106239-00106481 racial equality and they really did the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00447-00106482-00106673 era in terms of regional economic
+V6ntemRFRS0-00448-00106674-00106946 conflict they were also hostile towards
+V6ntemRFRS0-00449-00106947-00107158 the radicals casting them as economic
+V6ntemRFRS0-00450-00107159-00107440 opportunists they argued that apart from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00451-00107441-00107651 a few ID lists most radicals were
+V6ntemRFRS0-00452-00107652-00107833 scarcely interested in the fate of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00453-00107834-00108077 blacks or the south as a whole rather
+V6ntemRFRS0-00454-00108078-00108281 the main goal of the radicals was to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00455-00108282-00108500 protect and promote northern capitalism
+V6ntemRFRS0-00456-00108501-00108656 which was threatened in Congress by the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00457-00108657-00108869 West as if the Democrats took control of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00458-00108870-00109033 the south and joined the West the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00459-00109034-00109204 northeastern business interests would
+V6ntemRFRS0-00460-00109205-00109463 suffer they did not trust anyone from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00461-00109464-00109664 the south except men beholden to them by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00462-00109665-00109960 bribes and railroad deals for example
+V6ntemRFRS0-00463-00109961-00110144 bill argued that the radicals in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00464-00110145-00110321 Congress put southern states under
+V6ntemRFRS0-00465-00110322-00110522 Republican control to get their votes in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00466-00110523-00110734 Congress for high protective tariffs the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00467-00110735-00110959 role of Radical Republicans in creating
+V6ntemRFRS0-00468-00110960-00111090 public school systems
+V6ntemRFRS0-00469-00111091-00111315 charitable institutions and other social
+V6ntemRFRS0-00470-00111316-00111468 infrastructure in the South was
+V6ntemRFRS0-00471-00111469-00111630 downplayed by the Dunning school of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00472-00111631-00111990 historians since the 1950s the impact of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00473-00111991-00112152 the moral crusade of the civil rights
+V6ntemRFRS0-00474-00112153-00112353 movement as well as the Black Power
+V6ntemRFRS0-00475-00112354-00112608 movement led historians to reevaluate
+V6ntemRFRS0-00476-00112608-00112857 the role of Radical Republicans during
+V6ntemRFRS0-00477-00112858-00112998 Reconstruction and their reputation
+V6ntemRFRS0-00478-00112999-00113307 improved these historians sometimes
+V6ntemRFRS0-00479-00113308-00113520 referred to as neo abolitionist because
+V6ntemRFRS0-00480-00113521-00113721 they reflected and admired the values of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00481-00113722-00113892 the abolitionists of the 19th century
+V6ntemRFRS0-00482-00113893-00114123 argued that the Radical Republicans
+V6ntemRFRS0-00483-00114124-00114318 advancement of civil rights and suffrage
+V6ntemRFRS0-00484-00114319-00114480 for African Americans following
+V6ntemRFRS0-00485-00114481-00114678 emancipation was more significant than
+V6ntemRFRS0-00486-00114679-00114840 the financial corruption which took
+V6ntemRFRS0-00487-00114841-00115080 place they also pointed to the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00488-00115081-00115329 african-american central active roles in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00489-00115330-00115484 reaching toward education both
+V6ntemRFRS0-00490-00115485-00115698 individually and by creating public
+V6ntemRFRS0-00491-00115699-00115866 school systems and their desire to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00492-00115867-00116048 acquire land as a means of self-support
+V6ntemRFRS0-00493-00116049-00116268 historians have long puzzled over why
+V6ntemRFRS0-00494-00116269-00116505 most Republicans even extreme
+V6ntemRFRS0-00495-00116506-00116778 abolitionists gradually lost interest in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00496-00116779-00117085 the fate of the freedmen after 1868 in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00497-00117086-00117357 2004 Richardson argued that northern
+V6ntemRFRS0-00498-00117358-00117560 Republicans came to see most blacks as
+V6ntemRFRS0-00499-00117561-00117761 potentially dangerous to the economy
+V6ntemRFRS0-00500-00117763-00117903 because they might prove to be labour
+V6ntemRFRS0-00501-00117904-00118152 radicals in the tradition of the 1871
+V6ntemRFRS0-00502-00118153-00118350 Paris Commune or great railroad strike
+V6ntemRFRS0-00503-00118351-00118665 of 1877 and other violent American
+V6ntemRFRS0-00504-00118666-00119022 strikes of the 1870s meanwhile it became
+V6ntemRFRS0-00505-00119023-00119172 clear to northerners that the white
+V6ntemRFRS0-00506-00119173-00119367 South was not bent on revenge or the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00507-00119368-00119649 restoration of the Confederacy most of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00508-00119650-00119850 the Republicans who felt this way became
+V6ntemRFRS0-00509-00119851-00120015 opponents of grant and entered the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00510-00120016-00120764 liberal Republican camp in 1872
+V6ntemRFRS0-00511-00120765-00121382 topic notable Radical Republicans
+V6ntemRFRS0-00512-00121383-00121651 Amos Tappan Ackerman Attorney General
+V6ntemRFRS0-00513-00121652-00121822 under the grant administration who
+V6ntemRFRS0-00514-00121823-00122050 vigorously prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan
+V6ntemRFRS0-00515-00122051-00122286 in the south under the enforcement acts
+V6ntemRFRS0-00516-00122287-00122566 Adelbert Ames governor of Mississippi in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00517-00122567-00123223 1868 to 1870 and 1874 to 1876 James
+V6ntemRFRS0-00518-00123224-00123498 Mitchell Ashley representative from Ohio
+V6ntemRFRS0-00519-00123499-00123772 John Armour Bingham representative from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00520-00123773-00124024 Ohio and principal framer of the 14th
+V6ntemRFRS0-00521-00124025-00124150 amendment to the United States
+V6ntemRFRS0-00522-00124151-00124510 Constitution Austin Blair governor of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00523-00124511-00124994 Michigan in 1861 to 1865 George Sewell
+V6ntemRFRS0-00524-00124995-00125161 Boutwell representative from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00525-00125162-00125365 Massachusetts and Treasury secretary
+V6ntemRFRS0-00526-00125366-00125794 under President Grant from 1869 to 1873
+V6ntemRFRS0-00527-00125795-00126058 William Ganaway Brownlow publisher of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00528-00126059-00126265 the Knoxville Whig Tennessee governor
+V6ntemRFRS0-00529-00126266-00126572 and Senator Rufus Bullock governor of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00530-00126573-00127057 Georgia 1868 to 1871 Benjamin Butler
+V6ntemRFRS0-00531-00127058-00127309 Massachusetts politician soldier who was
+V6ntemRFRS0-00532-00127310-00127537 hated by rebels for restoring control in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00533-00127538-00127653 New Orleans
+V6ntemRFRS0-00534-00127654-00127936 Zechariah Chandler senator from Michigan
+V6ntemRFRS0-00535-00127937-00128116 and Secretary of the Interior under
+V6ntemRFRS0-00536-00128117-00128464 President Grant salmon P chase Treasury
+V6ntemRFRS0-00537-00128465-00128672 secretary under President Lincoln and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00538-00128673-00128875 Supreme Court Chief Justice who sought
+V6ntemRFRS0-00539-00128876-00129151 the 1868 Democratic nomination as a
+V6ntemRFRS0-00540-00129152-00129475 moderate Schuyler Colfax Speaker of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00541-00129476-00129775 House 1863 to 1869
+V6ntemRFRS0-00542-00129776-00129979 and the 17th vice-president of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00543-00129980-00130504 United States 1869 to 1873 John Kondos
+V6ntemRFRS0-00544-00130505-00130681 senator from California
+V6ntemRFRS0-00545-00130682-00130954 John Cresswell elected Baltimore
+V6ntemRFRS0-00546-00130955-00131200 representative to the house in 1863
+V6ntemRFRS0-00547-00131201-00131416 during the Civil War Cresswell worked
+V6ntemRFRS0-00548-00131417-00131618 closely under Radical Republican
+V6ntemRFRS0-00549-00131619-00131822 Baltimore representative Henry winter
+V6ntemRFRS0-00550-00131823-00131965 Davis and was appointed postmaster
+V6ntemRFRS0-00551-00131966-00132269 general by President Grant in 1869
+V6ntemRFRS0-00552-00132270-00132521 having vast patronage powers appointed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00553-00132522-00132770 many African Americans to federal postal
+V6ntemRFRS0-00554-00132771-00132964 positions in every state of the United
+V6ntemRFRS0-00555-00132965-00133035 States
+V6ntemRFRS0-00556-00133036-00133461 Edmund J Davis governor of Texas in 1872
+V6ntemRFRS0-00557-00133462-00133864 1874 Henry winter Davis representative
+V6ntemRFRS0-00558-00133865-00133965 from Maryland
+V6ntemRFRS0-00559-00133966-00134215 Charles Daniel Drake senator from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00560-00134216-00134296 Missouri
+V6ntemRFRS0-00561-00134297-00134577 Reuben Fenton governor of New York in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00562-00134578-00134769 1865 to 18
+V6ntemRFRS0-00563-00134770-00135038 sixty-eight Thomas Clement Fletcher
+V6ntemRFRS0-00564-00135039-00135454 governor of Missouri in 1865 to 1869
+V6ntemRFRS0-00565-00135455-00135846 John C Fremont the 1856 Republican
+V6ntemRFRS0-00566-00135847-00136154 presidential candidate James a Garfield
+V6ntemRFRS0-00567-00136155-00136386 House of Representatives leader less
+V6ntemRFRS0-00568-00136387-00136577 radical than others and president in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00569-00136578-00136974 1881 Joshua Reid Giddings representative
+V6ntemRFRS0-00570-00136975-00137193 from Ohio and an early leading founder
+V6ntemRFRS0-00571-00137194-00137523 of the Ohio Republican Party ulysses s
+V6ntemRFRS0-00572-00137524-00137753 grant president who signed enforcement
+V6ntemRFRS0-00573-00137754-00138062 acts and Civil Rights Act of 1875 while
+V6ntemRFRS0-00574-00138063-00138246 his General of the army of the United
+V6ntemRFRS0-00575-00138247-00138399 States he supported radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00576-00138400-00138575 reconstruction and civil rights for
+V6ntemRFRS0-00577-00138576-00138863 African Americans gallaecia agro
+V6ntemRFRS0-00578-00138864-00139074 representative from Pennsylvania and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00579-00139075-00139548 Speaker of the House 1861 to 1863 John
+V6ntemRFRS0-00580-00139549-00139722 Parker Hale senator from New Hampshire
+V6ntemRFRS0-00581-00139723-00139925 and one of the first to make a stand
+V6ntemRFRS0-00582-00139926-00140235 against slavery Hannibal Hamlin main
+V6ntemRFRS0-00583-00140236-00140445 politician and vice president during
+V6ntemRFRS0-00584-00140446-00140706 Lincoln's first term friedrich hacker
+V6ntemRFRS0-00585-00140707-00140856 leader of the german american
+V6ntemRFRS0-00586-00140857-00141234 forty-eighters James M Hines congressman
+V6ntemRFRS0-00587-00141235-00141413 from Arkansas murdered by the Ku Klux
+V6ntemRFRS0-00588-00141414-00141807 Klan in 1868 William woods Holden
+V6ntemRFRS0-00589-00141808-00142102 governor of North Carolina in 1868 to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00590-00142103-00142506 1871 Jacob M Howard senator from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00591-00142507-00142836 Michigan Timothy Otis how senator from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00592-00142837-00143148 Wisconsin George Washington Julian
+V6ntemRFRS0-00593-00143149-00143319 representative from Indiana and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00594-00143320-00143493 principal framer of the Fifteenth
+V6ntemRFRS0-00595-00143494-00143651 Amendment to the United States
+V6ntemRFRS0-00596-00143652-00143776 Constitution
+V6ntemRFRS0-00597-00143777-00144053 William Derek Kelly representative from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00598-00144054-00144175 Pennsylvania
+V6ntemRFRS0-00599-00144176-00144494 Samuel J Kirkwood senator from Iowa
+V6ntemRFRS0-00600-00144495-00144807 James H Lane senator from Kansas and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00601-00144808-00144999 leader of the jayhawkers abolitionist
+V6ntemRFRS0-00602-00145000-00145328 movement John Alexander Logan senator
+V6ntemRFRS0-00603-00145329-00145662 from Illinois lot Myrick Morrill senator
+V6ntemRFRS0-00604-00145663-00145860 from Maine and secretary of the Treasury
+V6ntemRFRS0-00605-00145861-00146053 under the grant administration
+V6ntemRFRS0-00606-00146054-00146460 Oliver P Morgan governor of Indiana 1861
+V6ntemRFRS0-00607-00146461-00147002 to 1863 and J Moses jr. governor of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00608-00147003-00147590 South Carolina in 1872 to 1874 Samuel
+V6ntemRFRS0-00609-00147591-00147826 Pomeroy senator from Kansas
+V6ntemRFRS0-00610-00147827-00148037 Harrison Reid governor of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00611-00148038-00148559 in 1868 to 1873 Samuel Shellabarger
+V6ntemRFRS0-00612-00148560-00148802 representative from Ohio and principal
+V6ntemRFRS0-00613-00148803-00149119 drafter of the Civil Rights Act of 1871
+V6ntemRFRS0-00614-00149120-00149396 Rufus Paine Spalding representative from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00615-00149397-00149591 Ohio who took a leading role in the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00616-00149592-00149708 Congressional debates over
+V6ntemRFRS0-00617-00149709-00149827 reconstruction
+V6ntemRFRS0-00618-00149828-00150125 Edwin McMaster Stanton Secretary of War
+V6ntemRFRS0-00619-00150126-00150290 under the Lincoln and Johnson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00620-00150291-00150529 administration's Thaddeus Stevens
+V6ntemRFRS0-00621-00150530-00150734 radical leader in the house from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00622-00150735-00150992 Pennsylvania Charles Sumner
+V6ntemRFRS0-00623-00150993-00151208 senator from Massachusetts dominant
+V6ntemRFRS0-00624-00151209-00151427 radical leader in Senate and specialist
+V6ntemRFRS0-00625-00151428-00151622 in Foreign Affairs who broke with Grant
+V6ntemRFRS0-00626-00151623-00152039 in 1872 Daniel Phillips up an Arkansas
+V6ntemRFRS0-00627-00152040-00152267 politician soldier who is ruthless in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00628-00152268-00152465 campaign that would temporarily rid the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00629-00152466-00152756 south of the Ku Klux Klan benjamin
+V6ntemRFRS0-00630-00152757-00153014 franklin wade senator from ohio he was
+V6ntemRFRS0-00631-00153015-00153194 next in line to become president if
+V6ntemRFRS0-00632-00153195-00153509 johnson was removed Henry Clay warmoth
+V6ntemRFRS0-00633-00153510-00154034 governor of Louisiana in 1868 to 1872 le
+V6ntemRFRS0-00634-00154035-00154247 hui' Benjamin Washburn representative
+V6ntemRFRS0-00635-00154248-00154580 from Illinois Henry Wilson Massachusetts
+V6ntemRFRS0-00636-00154581-00154801 leader and vice president under Grant
+V6ntemRFRS0-00637-00154802-00155219 James F Wilson representative from Iowa
+V6ntemRFRS0-00638-00155220-00155338 chairman of the House Judiciary
+V6ntemRFRS0-00639-00155339-00155558 Committee during the impeachment of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00640-00155559-00155815 President Johnson and senator from Iowa
+V6ntemRFRS0-00641-00155816-00156083 George Henry Williams senator from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00642-00156084-00156509 Oregon 1865 to 1871 an Attorney General
+V6ntemRFRS0-00643-00156510-00156773 under President Grant Richard Yates
+V6ntemRFRS0-00644-00156774-00157178 governor of Illinois in 1861 to 1865 and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00645-00157179-00157637 senator
+V6ntemRFRS0-00646-00157638-00158119 topic notes
+V6ntemRFRS0-00647-00158120-00158487 you
+V6ntemRFRS0-00648-00158488-00159103 topic references and further reading
+V6ntemRFRS0-00649-00159104-00159447 you
+V6ntemRFRS0-00650-00159448-00160014 topic secondary sources
+V6ntemRFRS0-00651-00160015-00160415 bells Herman 1998 Abraham Lincoln
+V6ntemRFRS0-00652-00160416-00160632 constitutionalism and equal rights in
+V6ntemRFRS0-00653-00160633-00160905 the Civil War era Fordham University
+V6ntemRFRS0-00654-00160906-00161411 Press online edition bells Herman 1978
+V6ntemRFRS0-00655-00161412-00161670 emancipation and equal rights politics
+V6ntemRFRS0-00656-00161671-00161874 and constitutionalism in the Civil War
+V6ntemRFRS0-00657-00161875-00161922 era
+V6ntemRFRS0-00658-00161923-00162387 online edition bells Herman 2000 a new
+V6ntemRFRS0-00659-00162388-00162597 birth of freedom the Republican Party
+V6ntemRFRS0-00660-00162598-00163107 and Friedman's writes 1861 to 1865 it
+V6ntemRFRS0-00661-00163108-00163440 Michael less 1999 the impeachment and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00662-00163441-00163782 trial of Andrew Johnson Blackburn George
+V6ntemRFRS0-00663-00163783-00164139 M April 1969 Radical Republican
+V6ntemRFRS0-00664-00164140-00164490 motivation a case history the Journal of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00665-00164491-00164961 Negro History 54 to 109 to 26 re
+V6ntemRFRS0-00666-00164962-00165291 Michigan senator Zechariah Chandler bog
+V6ntemRFRS0-00667-00165292-00165714 Alan G June 1983 historians and Radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00668-00165715-00166062 Republicans a meaning for today Journal
+V6ntemRFRS0-00669-00166063-00166182 of American history
+V6ntemRFRS0-00670-00166183-00166881 71 7 234 Bowers Claude G 1929 the tragic
+V6ntemRFRS0-00671-00166882-00167232 era the revolution after Lincoln 567
+V6ntemRFRS0-00672-00167233-00167484 pages intense Andy radical narrative by
+V6ntemRFRS0-00673-00167485-00167943 prominent Democrat Castel Albert II 1979
+V6ntemRFRS0-00674-00167944-00168254 the presidency of Andrew Johnson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00675-00168255-00168672 Donald David 1970 Charles Sumner and the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00676-00168673-00168980 rights of man major critical analysis
+V6ntemRFRS0-00677-00168981-00169407 Donald David 1996 Lincoln a major
+V6ntemRFRS0-00678-00169408-00169781 scholarly biography Goodwin Doris Kearns
+V6ntemRFRS0-00679-00169782-00170160 2005 team of rivals the political genius
+V6ntemRFRS0-00680-00170161-00170585 of Abraham Lincoln Foner Eric 2002
+V6ntemRFRS0-00681-00170586-00170772 reconstruction america's unfinished
+V6ntemRFRS0-00682-00170773-00171327 revolution 1863 to 1877 major synthesis
+V6ntemRFRS0-00683-00171328-00171810 many prizes Foner Eric 1990 a short
+V6ntemRFRS0-00684-00171811-00172170 history of reconstruction is BN o o6 o
+V6ntemRFRS0-00685-00172171-00172518 nine six four three one six abridged
+V6ntemRFRS0-00686-00172519-00172986 version Harris William C 1997 with
+V6ntemRFRS0-00687-00172987-00173157 charity for all Lincoln and the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00688-00173158-00173352 restoration of the Union
+V6ntemRFRS0-00689-00173353-00173526 Lincoln is moderate an opponent of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00690-00173527-00173969 radicals Heseltine William B 1935
+V6ntemRFRS0-00691-00173970-00174327 ulysses s grant politician postwar years
+V6ntemRFRS0-00692-00174328-00174789 online edition Launius Roger D 1987
+V6ntemRFRS0-00693-00174790-00174981 Williams and the radicals and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00694-00174982-00175364 historiographical sa Louisiana history
+V6ntemRFRS0-00695-00175365-00176061 28 to 141 264 McFeely William s 1981
+V6ntemRFRS0-00696-00176062-00176435 grant a biography Pulitzer Prize
+V6ntemRFRS0-00697-00176436-00176547 McKittrick
+V6ntemRFRS0-00698-00176548-00176877 Eric L 1961 Andrew Johnson and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00699-00176878-00177276 reconstruction Milton George fort 1930
+V6ntemRFRS0-00700-00177277-00177531 the age of hate Andrew Johnson and the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00701-00177532-00177983 radicals hostile Nevins Allen 1936
+V6ntemRFRS0-00702-00177984-00178236 Hamilton fish the inner history of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00703-00178237-00178526 grant administration Pulitzer Prize
+V6ntemRFRS0-00704-00178527-00178956 Randall James G 1955 Lincoln the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00705-00178957-00179202 president last full measure a major
+V6ntemRFRS0-00706-00179203-00179706 biography Rhodes James Ford 1920 history
+V6ntemRFRS0-00707-00179707-00179901 of the United States from the compromise
+V6ntemRFRS0-00708-00179902-00180171 of 1850 to the McKinley Bryan campaign
+V6ntemRFRS0-00709-00180172-00180591 of 1896 vol 6 & 7 highly detailed
+V6ntemRFRS0-00710-00180592-00180918 political narrative Richardson Heather
+V6ntemRFRS0-00711-00180919-00181254 Cox 2007 west from Appomattox the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00712-00181255-00181425 reconstruction of America after the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00713-00181426-00181830 Civil War Richardson Heather Cox 2004
+V6ntemRFRS0-00714-00181831-00182094 the death of reconstruction race labor
+V6ntemRFRS0-00715-00182095-00182351 and politics in the post Civil War North
+V6ntemRFRS0-00716-00182352-00182817 1865 to 1901 riddle burger Patrick W
+V6ntemRFRS0-00717-00182818-00183156 April 1959 the break-in the radical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00718-00183157-00183405 ranks liberals vs. stalwarts in the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00719-00183406-00183716 election of 1872
+V6ntemRFRS0-00720-00183717-00184156 the Journal of Negro History 44 to 136
+V6ntemRFRS0-00721-00184157-00184667 257 Ross Earl Dudley 1910 the liberal
+V6ntemRFRS0-00722-00184668-00184951 republican movement scholarly history
+V6ntemRFRS0-00723-00184952-00185390 Scroggs Jack B November 1958 southern
+V6ntemRFRS0-00724-00185391-00185711 reconstruction a radical view the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00725-00185712-00186226 journal of southern history 24 4 407 229
+V6ntemRFRS0-00726-00186227-00186635 stamp Kenneth M 1967 the era of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00727-00186636-00187136 reconstruction 1865 to 1877 Simpson
+V6ntemRFRS0-00728-00187137-00187520 Brooks D 1991 let us have peace ulysses
+V6ntemRFRS0-00729-00187521-00187733 s grant and the politics of war and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00730-00187734-00188453 reconstruction 1861 to 1863 1998 the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00731-00188454-00188783 reconstruction presidents summers mark
+V6ntemRFRS0-00732-00188784-00189155 Waldron 1994 the press-gang newspapers
+V6ntemRFRS0-00733-00189156-00189514 and politics 1865 to 1878
+V6ntemRFRS0-00734-00189515-00189914 tref house hans 1991 historical
+V6ntemRFRS0-00735-00189915-00190214 dictionary of reconstruction tref house
+V6ntemRFRS0-00736-00190215-00190568 hans 1969 the Radical Republicans
+V6ntemRFRS0-00737-00190569-00190949 favorable to radicals tref house hans l
+V6ntemRFRS0-00738-00190950-00191327 2001 Thaddeus Stevens 19th century
+V6ntemRFRS0-00739-00191328-00191729 egalitarian favorable biography Williams
+V6ntemRFRS0-00740-00191730-00192092 T Harry 1941 Lincoln and the radicals
+V6ntemRFRS0-00741-00192093-00192574 hostile to radicals suchak Richard 2006
+V6ntemRFRS0-00742-00192575-00192839 encyclopedia of the Reconstruction era -
+V6ntemRFRS0-00743-00192840-00193327 volume
+V6ntemRFRS0-00744-00193328-00193963 topic primary sources harper's weekly
+V6ntemRFRS0-00745-00193964-00194338 newsmagazine Barnes William H Eadie
+V6ntemRFRS0-00746-00194339-00194602 history of the 39th Congress of the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00747-00194603-00194908 United States 1868 useful summary of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00748-00194909-00195217 congressional activity Blaine James
+V6ntemRFRS0-00749-00195218-00195430 twenty years of Congress from Lincoln to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00750-00195431-00195691 Garfield with a review of the events
+V6ntemRFRS0-00751-00195692-00195889 which led to the political revolution of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00752-00195890-00196318 1860 1886 by Republican congressional
+V6ntemRFRS0-00753-00196319-00196669 leader full text online Fleming Walter L
+V6ntemRFRS0-00754-00196670-00196854 documentary history of reconstruction
+V6ntemRFRS0-00755-00196855-00197173 political military social religious
+V6ntemRFRS0-00756-00197174-00197544 educational and industrial 2 vol 1906
+V6ntemRFRS0-00757-00197545-00197833 uses broad collection of primary sources
+V6ntemRFRS0-00758-00197834-00198160 vol 1 on national politics vol 2 on
+V6ntemRFRS0-00759-00198161-00198547 States full text of vol 2 Hyman Harold M
+V6ntemRFRS0-00760-00198548-00198823 ed the Radical Republicans and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00761-00198824-00199258 reconstruction 1861 to 1870 1967
+V6ntemRFRS0-00762-00199259-00199450 collection of long political speeches
+V6ntemRFRS0-00763-00199451-00199774 and pamphlets Edward McPherson the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00764-00199775-00199978 political history of the United States
+V6ntemRFRS0-00765-00199979-00200143 of America during the period of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00766-00200144-00200452 reconstruction 1875 large collection of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00767-00200453-00200788 speeches and primary documents 1865 to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00768-00200789-00201145 1870 complete text online the copyright
+V6ntemRFRS0-00769-00201146-00201246 has expired
+V6ntemRFRS0-00770-00201247-00201553 Palmer Beverly Wilson and Holly by Rose
+V6ntemRFRS0-00771-00201554-00201892 Ochoa EDS the selected papers of
+V6ntemRFRS0-00772-00201893-00202303 Thaddeus Stevens 2 vol 1998 900 PP his
+V6ntemRFRS0-00773-00202304-00202501 speeches + and letters to and from
+V6ntemRFRS0-00774-00202502-00202840 Stevens Palmer Beverly Wilson ed the
+V6ntemRFRS0-00775-00202841-00203089 selected letters of Charles Sumner 2 vol
+V6ntemRFRS0-00776-00203090-00203689 1990 vol 2 covers 1859 - 1874 Charles
+V6ntemRFRS0-00777-00203690-00203980 Sumner our domestic relations or how to
+V6ntemRFRS0-00778-00203981-00204298 treat the rebel States Atlantic Monthly
+V6ntemRFRS0-00779-00204299-00205055 September 1863 early radical manifesto
+V6ntemRFRS0-00780-00205056-00205546 topic yearbooks
+V6ntemRFRS0-00781-00205548-00205873 American annual cyclopædia
+V6ntemRFRS0-00782-00205873-00206235 point one eight six eight 1869 online
+V6ntemRFRS0-00783-00206236-00206473 highly detailed compendium of facts and
+V6ntemRFRS0-00784-00206473-00206741 primary sources details on every state
+V6ntemRFRS0-00785-00206742-00207126 American annual cyclopædia
+V6ntemRFRS0-00786-00207127-00207554 . for 1869 1870 online edition
+V6ntemRFRS0-00787-00207555-00207848 Appleton's annual cyclopædia
+V6ntemRFRS0-00788-00207848-00208388 . for 1870 1871 american annual
+V6ntemRFRS0-00789-00208389-00208603 cyclopædia
+V6ntemRFRS0-00790-00208604-00208986 . for 1872 1873
+V6ntemRFRS0-00791-00208987-00209280 Appleton's annual cyclopædia
+V6ntemRFRS0-00792-00209281-00209811 . for 1873 1879 online edition
+V6ntemRFRS0-00793-00209812-00210108 Appleton's annual cyclopædia
+V6ntemRFRS0-00794-00210109-00210552 . for 1875 1877
+V6ntemRFRS0-00795-00210553-00211104 Appleton's annual cyclopædia . for 1876
+V6ntemRFRS0-00796-00211105-00211504 1885 online edition Appleton's annual
+V6ntemRFRS0-00797-00211505-00212104 cyclopædia for 1877-1878
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00000-00000488-00000686 you are no man of god
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00001-00000687-00000878 you're an abomination
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00002-00000880-00001142 a filth
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00003-00001143-00001423 [Music]
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00004-00001424-00001767 why are you back isaac
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00005-00001768-00002764 i'm looking for someone
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00006-00002765-00003638 [Music]
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00007-00003639-00003863 you're too late
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00008-00003864-00004327 they're all gone
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00009-00004328-00006623 you won't make it
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00010-00006623-00007158 so
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00011-00007159-00009599 [Music]
+V7q8jK2gUD8-00012-00009600-00009807 you
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00000-00000384-00000543 chapter three has arrived and with it
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00001-00000544-00000799 comes an entirely new map to explore
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00002-00000800-00000983 there are some old returning favorites
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00003-00000984-00001199 like tilted towers shifty shafts and
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00004-00001200-00001383 greasy groves there's also a ton of new
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00005-00001384-00001630 pli's like sleepy sounds condo canyon
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00006-00001632-00001855 and the daily bugle everyone knows the
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00007-00001855-00002055 poise but what about the characteristics
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00008-00002056-00002175 of the map but what should we expect
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00009-00002176-00002302 throughout the competitive season for
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00010-00002303-00002502 chapter three season one let's dive into
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00011-00002503-00002671 some of the new changes and effects it
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00012-00002672-00002942 has on competitive play the first change
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00013-00002943-00003071 that will seriously impact the way that
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00014-00003072-00003222 competitive games are played out is the
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00015-00003223-00003431 large abundance of environmental heals
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00016-00003432-00003583 that are now available on the map
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00017-00003584-00003743 previously in chapter 2 a lot of the
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00018-00003744-00003927 slurp barrels are mainly located at
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00019-00003928-00004095 slurpee swamps with of course some
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00020-00004096-00004254 others being thinly spread across the
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00021-00004255-00004502 map in small amounts now in chapter 3
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00022-00004503-00004767 season 1 there are 87 slurp barrels
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00023-00004768-00005015 distributed rather evenly across the map
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00024-00005016-00005318 similarly there are also 171 produce
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00025-00005319-00005511 boxes spread relatively evenly
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00026-00005512-00005718 throughout the map as well so now a lot
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00027-00005719-00005911 more players and teams will get access
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00028-00005912-00006079 to not only the free shield in these but
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00029-00006080-00006263 also the peppers for enhanced movement
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00030-00006264-00006470 speed last chapter all the pepper spawns
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00031-00006472-00006727 are basically limited to one poi corners
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00032-00006728-00006942 but now the majority of named pois have
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00033-00006943-00007175 access to these outside of rocky reels
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00034-00007176-00007375 sorry rocky wheels seems like janus and
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00035-00007376-00007574 vortex who play second in the first cash
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00036-00007575-00007774 cup of the season heavily utilize this
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00037-00007775-00007959 in their early game strategy they land
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00038-00007959-00008134 to the south side of sleepy sound and on
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00039-00008136-00008335 their individual looting paths both has
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00040-00008336-00008551 access to shield barrels and produce
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00041-00008552-00008735 boxes meaning they can essentially make
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00042-00008736-00008919 the most out of the 20 chests they have
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00043-00008920-00009071 there as they barely need to use any
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00044-00009072-00009287 shield that they loot vortex uses seven
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00045-00009288-00009414 shield barrels to the west side
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00046-00009415-00009599 alongside the shield mushrooms obtained
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00047-00009600-00009759 from the produce boxes to get himself
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00048-00009760-00009999 all the way up to 200 hp janus lands on
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00049-00010000-00010191 the east side and pops two minis then
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00050-00010192-00010335 grabs the three slurp barrels and
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00051-00010336-00010519 produce boxes to the north you might
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00052-00010520-00010646 think it's a waste since you could have
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00053-00010647-00010783 just used the same shield barrels as
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00054-00010784-00010983 vortex but landing more split enables
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00055-00010984-00011167 them to loot the entire place faster
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00056-00011168-00011342 disengage quicker finding plenty of
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00057-00011343-00011510 minis along the way anyway so it won't
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00058-00011511-00011703 necessarily matter as you can see as
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00059-00011704-00011878 they leave their poi they are not
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00060-00011879-00012046 struggling for shield one little bit
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00061-00012047-00012206 unlike many of the other teams in the
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00062-00012207-00012319 lobby
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00063-00012320-00012478 you know rhys while we're on the topic
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00064-00012479-00012655 of heels we have to talk about the new
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00065-00012656-00012871 coolers these trusty new resources
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00066-00012872-00013063 provide three different variations of
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00067-00013063-00013294 loot you can get four chug splashes two
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00068-00013295-00013583 guzzle juices or two chug splashes and
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00069-00013584-00013775 one guzzle juice we've already seen this
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00070-00013776-00014015 become a huge staple in competitive play
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00071-00014016-00014238 for example bougain skittles drop in
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00072-00014240-00014494 chunker speedway that has 17 cooler
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00073-00014495-00014703 spawns and when they leave this drop
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00074-00014704-00014966 spot they often have 18 chuck splashes
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00075-00014968-00015175 split across both of their inventories
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00076-00015176-00015315 this totals to
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00077-00015316-00015679 720 hp that can be healed if utilized
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00078-00015680-00015855 effectively with the cars already
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00079-00015856-00016079 equipped here in choncker speedway with
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00080-00016080-00016335 those nice off-road tires they have that
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00081-00016336-00016543 ease of mobility around the map with
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00082-00016544-00016735 this additional mobility and all of the
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00083-00016736-00016935 chug splashes from the cooler boxes this
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00084-00016936-00017103 allows them to spend much more time
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00085-00017104-00017311 looting in zone for ammo and better
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00086-00017312-00017494 weapons the issue with this strategy
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00087-00017495-00017679 though is that it requires you to take a
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00088-00017680-00017927 mid game fight for your surge damage but
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00089-00017928-00018150 for a team like fuga and skittles that's
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00090-00018151-00018335 something they're very confident in
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00091-00018336-00018543 overall this is a very unconventional
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00092-00018544-00018758 but successful early game strategy
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00093-00018759-00018950 they've been implementing
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00094-00018951-00019167 last but not least we have probably the
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00095-00019168-00019367 most impactful addition to the map and
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00096-00019368-00019575 that is the spiderwebs these webs
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00097-00019576-00019735 provide you with mythic spiderman web
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00098-00019736-00019991 shooters an easy rotational tool using
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00099-00019992-00020271 the webs and additional heals
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00100-00020272-00020455 having these provide numerous benefits
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00101-00020456-00020663 in the early game like easy shield and
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00102-00020664-00020886 fast mobility now these webs can be
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00103-00020887-00021078 really useful in the early game for
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00104-00021079-00021286 faster looting but can be a double-edged
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00105-00021287-00021478 sword in the end game
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00106-00021479-00021671 in this game the first moving zone pulls
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00107-00021672-00021911 from south of daily bugle to the north
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00108-00021912-00022063 west which means there are a large
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00109-00022064-00022247 amount of obstacles in player's way
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00110-00022248-00022478 shady and waze have boxed up next to one
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00111-00022479-00022655 of these webs meaning when the zones
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00112-00022656-00022871 start to pool they can leave their box
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00113-00022872-00023094 and get an easy rotation from low ground
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00114-00023095-00023375 without the use of a launch pad and also
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00115-00023376-00023655 saving them a ton of material however if
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00116-00023656-00023847 you're not watching each turn in a messy
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00117-00023848-00024078 in-game you could easily bounce off of
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00118-00024079-00024335 one of these and be sent into the zone
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00119-00024336-00024591 or even worse into tayson's line of
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00120-00024592-00024767 sight
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00121-00024768-00024911 with these incredible additions to the
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00122-00024912-00025191 map plus some old favorites returning we
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00123-00025192-00025399 can't wait to see you all in action when
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00124-00025400-00025767 fncs returns in february until next time
+V8T1hbYENQ8-00125-00025768-00026219 we'll see you on the battle bus
+V92Bwfizg3u-00000-00000054-00000311 appalachia is a cultural region in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00001-00000312-00000507 eastern United States that stretches
+V92Bwfizg3u-00002-00000508-00000666 from the southern tier of New York to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00003-00000667-00000929 northern Alabama and Georgia while the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00004-00000930-00001110 Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle
+V92Bwfizg3u-00005-00001111-00001361 Isle in Canada to Chi hauntin in Alabama
+V92Bwfizg3u-00006-00001362-00001544 the cultural region of Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00007-00001545-00001782 typically refers only to the central and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00008-00001782-00001968 southern portions of the range from the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00009-00001969-00002160 Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia South
+V92Bwfizg3u-00010-00002161-00002342 Westerley to the Great Smoky Mountains
+V92Bwfizg3u-00011-00002343-00002700 as of the 2010 united states census the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00012-00002701-00002925 region was home to approximately 25
+V92Bwfizg3u-00013-00002926-00003141 million people since its recognition as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00014-00003142-00003345 a distinctive region in the late 19th
+V92Bwfizg3u-00015-00003346-00003572 century Appalachia has been a source of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00016-00003573-00003774 enduring myths and distortions regarding
+V92Bwfizg3u-00017-00003775-00003990 the isolation temperament and behavior
+V92Bwfizg3u-00018-00003990-00004293 of its inhabitants early 20th century
+V92Bwfizg3u-00019-00004294-00004463 writers often engaged in yellow
+V92Bwfizg3u-00020-00004464-00004695 journalism focused on sensationalistic
+V92Bwfizg3u-00021-00004696-00004920 aspects of the region's culture such as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00022-00004921-00005136 moonshining and clan feuding and often
+V92Bwfizg3u-00023-00005137-00005325 portrayed the region's inhabitants as an
+V92Bwfizg3u-00024-00005326-00005544 educated and prone to impulsive acts of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00025-00005545-00005840 violence sociological studies in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00026-00005841-00006188 1960s and 1970s helped to re-examine and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00027-00006189-00006381 dispel these stereotypes while endowed
+V92Bwfizg3u-00028-00006382-00006538 with abundant natural resources
+V92Bwfizg3u-00029-00006539-00006770 Appalachia has long struggled and been
+V92Bwfizg3u-00030-00006771-00007037 associated with poverty in the early
+V92Bwfizg3u-00031-00007038-00007277 20th century large-scale logging and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00032-00007278-00007466 coal mining firms brought wage paying
+V92Bwfizg3u-00033-00007467-00007688 jobs and modern amenities to Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00034-00007689-00007952 but by the 1960s the region had failed
+V92Bwfizg3u-00035-00007953-00008166 to capitalize on any long-term benefits
+V92Bwfizg3u-00036-00008167-00008414 from these two industries beginning in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00037-00008415-00008645 the 1930s the federal government sought
+V92Bwfizg3u-00038-00008646-00008849 to alleviate poverty in the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00039-00008850-00009012 region with a series of New Deal
+V92Bwfizg3u-00040-00009013-00009209 initiatives such as the construction of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00041-00009210-00009413 dams to provide cheap electricity and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00042-00009414-00009591 the implementation of better farming
+V92Bwfizg3u-00043-00009592-00009956 practices on March 9th 1965 the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00044-00009957-00010130 Appalachian Regional Commission was
+V92Bwfizg3u-00045-00010131-00010337 created to further alleviate poverty in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00046-00010338-00010538 the region mainly by diversifying the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00047-00010539-00010730 region's economy and helping to provide
+V92Bwfizg3u-00048-00010731-00010908 better health care and educational
+V92Bwfizg3u-00049-00010909-00011055 opportunities to the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00050-00011056-00011390 inhabitants by 1990 Appalachia had
+V92Bwfizg3u-00051-00011391-00011555 largely joined the economic mainstream
+V92Bwfizg3u-00052-00011556-00011777 but still lagged behind the rest of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00053-00011778-00012274 nation in most economic indicators
+V92Bwfizg3u-00054-00012275-00012858 topic defining the Appalachian region
+V92Bwfizg3u-00055-00012859-00013116 since Appalachia lacks definite
+V92Bwfizg3u-00056-00013118-00013309 physiographic allure topographical
+V92Bwfizg3u-00057-00013310-00013456 boundaries there has been some
+V92Bwfizg3u-00058-00013457-00013636 disagreement over what exactly the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00059-00013637-00013888 region encompasses the most commonly
+V92Bwfizg3u-00060-00013888-00014119 used modern definition of Appalachia as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00061-00014119-00014269 the one initially defined by the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00062-00014269-00014560 Appalachian Regional Commission in 1965
+V92Bwfizg3u-00063-00014561-00014866 and expanded over subsequent decades the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00064-00014866-00015025 region defined by the Commission
+V92Bwfizg3u-00065-00015026-00015291 currently includes 420 counties and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00066-00015293-00015472 eight independent cities in thirteen
+V92Bwfizg3u-00067-00015472-00015754 states including all of West Virginia 14
+V92Bwfizg3u-00068-00015755-00015877 counties in New York
+V92Bwfizg3u-00069-00015878-00016204 52 in Pennsylvania 32 in Ohio 3 in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00070-00016205-00016531 Maryland 54 in Kentucky 25 counties and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00071-00016532-00016771 8 cities in Virginia 29 in North
+V92Bwfizg3u-00072-00016772-00017059 Carolina 52 in Tennessee 6 in South
+V92Bwfizg3u-00073-00017060-00017416 Carolina 37 in Georgia 37 in Alabama and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00074-00017417-00017719 24 in Mississippi when the Commission
+V92Bwfizg3u-00075-00017720-00017902 was established counties were added
+V92Bwfizg3u-00076-00017903-00018112 based on economic need however rather
+V92Bwfizg3u-00077-00018113-00018328 than any cultural parameters the first
+V92Bwfizg3u-00078-00018329-00018529 major attempt to map Appalachia as a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00079-00018530-00018730 distinctive cultural region came in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00080-00018731-00018955 1890s with the efforts of Berea College
+V92Bwfizg3u-00081-00018956-00019156 President William Goodell Frost
+V92Bwfizg3u-00082-00019157-00019472 who's at the latch in America included
+V92Bwfizg3u-00083-00019473-00019864 194 counties in eight states in 1921
+V92Bwfizg3u-00084-00019865-00020077 John C Campbell published the southern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00085-00020078-00020260 Highlander in his homeland in which he
+V92Bwfizg3u-00086-00020261-00020542 modified Frost's map to include 254
+V92Bwfizg3u-00087-00020543-00020812 counties in nine states a landmark
+V92Bwfizg3u-00088-00020813-00020989 survey of the region in the following
+V92Bwfizg3u-00089-00020990-00021156 decade by the United States Department
+V92Bwfizg3u-00090-00021157-00021391 of Agriculture defined the region as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00091-00021392-00021661 consisting of 206 counties in six states
+V92Bwfizg3u-00092-00021662-00022033 in 1984 Carl REITs and Richard yulik
+V92Bwfizg3u-00093-00022034-00022269 expanded the arcs definition to include
+V92Bwfizg3u-00094-00022270-00022575 445 counties in 13 states although they
+V92Bwfizg3u-00095-00022576-00022771 removed all counties in Mississippi and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00096-00022772-00023083 added two in New Jersey historian John
+V92Bwfizg3u-00097-00023084-00023344 Alexander Williams in his 2002 book
+V92Bwfizg3u-00098-00023345-00023553 Appalachia a history distinguished
+V92Bwfizg3u-00099-00023554-00023844 between a core Appalachian region
+V92Bwfizg3u-00100-00023845-00024133 consisting of 164 counties in West
+V92Bwfizg3u-00101-00024134-00024361 Virginia Kentucky Virginia Tennessee
+V92Bwfizg3u-00102-00024362-00024640 North Carolina and Georgia and a greater
+V92Bwfizg3u-00103-00024641-00024889 region defined by the arc in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00104-00024890-00025155 encyclopedia of Appalachia 2006
+V92Bwfizg3u-00105-00025156-00025386 Appalachian State University historian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00106-00025387-00025642 Howard Dorgan suggested the term all
+V92Bwfizg3u-00107-00025643-00025884 appalachia for the region's cultural
+V92Bwfizg3u-00108-00025885-00026112 boundaries noting an academic tendency
+V92Bwfizg3u-00109-00026113-00026265 to ignore the southwestern and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00110-00026266-00026431 northeastern extremes of the arcs
+V92Bwfizg3u-00111-00026432-00026899 pragmatic definition
+V92Bwfizg3u-00112-00026900-00027418 Beck etymology and pronunciation
+V92Bwfizg3u-00113-00027419-00027622 while exploring inland along the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00114-00027623-00027895 northern coast of Florida in 1528 the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00115-00027895-00028077 members of the narváez expedition
+V92Bwfizg3u-00116-00028079-00028306 including Alvar nuñez Cabeza de Vaca
+V92Bwfizg3u-00117-00028307-00028510 found a Native American village near
+V92Bwfizg3u-00118-00028511-00028720 present-day Tallahassee Florida whose
+V92Bwfizg3u-00119-00028720-00028924 name they transcribed as a paltin or
+V92Bwfizg3u-00120-00028925-00029145 Appalachian IPA APPA Laden
+V92Bwfizg3u-00121-00029147-00029395 the name was soon altered by the Spanish
+V92Bwfizg3u-00122-00029395-00029595 to Appalachia and used as a name for the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00123-00029597-00029782 tribe and region spreading well inland
+V92Bwfizg3u-00124-00029783-00030019 to the North panfilo de Narvaez's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00125-00030020-00030250 expedition first entered Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00126-00030251-00030580 territory on June 15 1528 and applied
+V92Bwfizg3u-00127-00030581-00030955 the name now spelled Appalachian it is
+V92Bwfizg3u-00128-00030956-00031152 the fourth oldest surviving european
+V92Bwfizg3u-00129-00031154-00031369 place name in the US after the de soto
+V92Bwfizg3u-00130-00031370-00031683 expedition in 1540 spanish cartographers
+V92Bwfizg3u-00131-00031685-00031870 began to apply the name of the tribe to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00132-00031870-00032089 the mountains themselves the first
+V92Bwfizg3u-00133-00032089-00032305 cartographic appearance of appall tchen
+V92Bwfizg3u-00134-00032306-00032638 is on diego gutierrez map of 1560 to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00135-00032639-00032818 first use for the mountain range is the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00136-00032819-00033126 map of Jacques Lemoine de morgs in 1565
+V92Bwfizg3u-00137-00033127-00033400 Lemoine was also the first European to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00138-00033401-00033703 apply Appalachian specifically to a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00139-00033704-00033898 mountain range as opposed to a village
+V92Bwfizg3u-00140-00033899-00034138 native tribe or a southeastern region of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00141-00034139-00034348 North America the name was not commonly
+V92Bwfizg3u-00142-00034349-00034522 used for the whole mountain range until
+V92Bwfizg3u-00143-00034523-00034815 the late 19th century of competing and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00144-00034816-00035071 often more popular name was de Allegheny
+V92Bwfizg3u-00145-00035072-00035494 Mountains Alleghenies and even Allegheny
+V92Bwfizg3u-00146-00035495-00035800 a' in the early 19th century Washington
+V92Bwfizg3u-00147-00035801-00035980 Irving proposed renaming the United
+V92Bwfizg3u-00148-00035981-00036346 States either Appalachia or Allegheny a'
+V92Bwfizg3u-00149-00036347-00036625 in northern u.s. dialects the mountains
+V92Bwfizg3u-00150-00036626-00036865 are pronounced or the cultural region of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00151-00036866-00037060 Appalachia is pronounced Eppley
+V92Bwfizg3u-00152-00037061-00037321 I also epaulette I all with a third
+V92Bwfizg3u-00153-00037322-00037636 syllable like lay in southern us
+V92Bwfizg3u-00154-00037637-00037822 dialects the mountains are called that
+V92Bwfizg3u-00155-00037823-00038026 and the cultural region of Appalachia is
+V92Bwfizg3u-00156-00038027-00038257 pronounced at Blatt I both with a third
+V92Bwfizg3u-00157-00038258-00038653 syllable like tha blah in latch this
+V92Bwfizg3u-00158-00038654-00038892 pronunciation is favored in the core
+V92Bwfizg3u-00159-00038893-00039157 region in central and southern parts of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00160-00039158-00039403 the Appalachian range the occasional use
+V92Bwfizg3u-00161-00039404-00039832 of the shish sound for the CH in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00162-00039833-00040042 last syllable in northern dialects was
+V92Bwfizg3u-00163-00040043-00040231 popularized by Appalachian Trail
+V92Bwfizg3u-00164-00040232-00040411 organizations in New England in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00165-00040412-00040842 early 20th century
+V92Bwfizg3u-00166-00040843-00041345 topic history
+V92Bwfizg3u-00167-00041346-00041880 topic early history
+V92Bwfizg3u-00168-00041881-00042094 native-american hunter-gatherers first
+V92Bwfizg3u-00169-00042095-00042295 arrived in what is now Appalachia over
+V92Bwfizg3u-00170-00042296-00042649 16,000 years ago the earliest discovered
+V92Bwfizg3u-00171-00042650-00042853 site as the Meadowcroft rock shelter in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00172-00042854-00043072 Washington County Pennsylvania which
+V92Bwfizg3u-00173-00043073-00043252 some scientists claim is pre-clovis
+V92Bwfizg3u-00174-00043253-00043537 culture several other archaic period
+V92Bwfizg3u-00175-00043538-00043912 8,000 1000 BC archaeological sites have
+V92Bwfizg3u-00176-00043913-00044092 been identified in the region such as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00177-00044093-00044335 the st. Alban site in West Virginia and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00178-00044336-00044542 the Icehouse Bottom site in Tennessee in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00179-00044543-00044851 the 16th century the DeSoto and Juan
+V92Bwfizg3u-00180-00044852-00045082 Pardo expeditions explored the mountains
+V92Bwfizg3u-00181-00045083-00045232 of South Carolina North Carolina
+V92Bwfizg3u-00182-00045233-00045505 Tennessee and Georgia and encountered
+V92Bwfizg3u-00183-00045506-00045748 complex agrarian societies consisting of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00184-00045749-00046057 Muskogee and speaking inhabitants DeSoto
+V92Bwfizg3u-00185-00046058-00046255 indicated that much of the region west
+V92Bwfizg3u-00186-00046256-00046423 of the mountains was part of the domain
+V92Bwfizg3u-00187-00046424-00046645 of kusa a paramount chief decentered
+V92Bwfizg3u-00188-00046646-00046825 around a village complex in northern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00189-00046826-00046876 Georgia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00190-00046877-00047158 by the time English explorers arrived in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00191-00047159-00047419 Appalachia in the late 17th century the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00192-00047420-00047557 central part of the region was
+V92Bwfizg3u-00193-00047558-00047785 controlled by Algonquian tribes namely
+V92Bwfizg3u-00194-00047786-00047962 the Shawnee and the southern part of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00195-00047963-00048129 region was controlled by the Cherokee
+V92Bwfizg3u-00196-00048130-00048409 the French based in modern-day Quebec
+V92Bwfizg3u-00197-00048410-00048601 also made inroads into the northern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00198-00048602-00048796 areas of the region in modern-day New
+V92Bwfizg3u-00199-00048797-00049060 York State in Pennsylvania by the mid
+V92Bwfizg3u-00200-00049061-00049288 18th century the French had outposts
+V92Bwfizg3u-00201-00049289-00049480 such as Fort Duquesne and fort LaBeouf
+V92Bwfizg3u-00202-00049481-00049654 controlling the access points of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00203-00049655-00049861 Allegheny River Valley and upper Ohio
+V92Bwfizg3u-00204-00049862-00050098 Valley after exploration by Celeron de
+V92Bwfizg3u-00205-00050099-00050392 Bienville European migration into
+V92Bwfizg3u-00206-00050393-00050635 Appalachia began in the 18th century as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00207-00050636-00050872 lands in eastern Pennsylvania the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00208-00050873-00051052 Tidewater region of Virginia and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00209-00051053-00051253 Carolinas filled up immigrants began
+V92Bwfizg3u-00210-00051254-00051433 pushing further and further westward
+V92Bwfizg3u-00211-00051434-00051612 into the Appalachian Mountains a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00212-00051613-00051874 relatively large proportion of the early
+V92Bwfizg3u-00213-00051875-00052053 backcountry immigrants were Ulster Scots
+V92Bwfizg3u-00214-00052054-00052455 later known as Scotch Irish who are
+V92Bwfizg3u-00215-00052457-00052636 seeking cheaper land and freedom from
+V92Bwfizg3u-00216-00052637-00052842 Quaker leaders many of whom considered
+V92Bwfizg3u-00217-00052844-00053203 the scotch-irish savages others included
+V92Bwfizg3u-00218-00053204-00053398 Germans from the Palatinate region and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00219-00053399-00053554 English settlers from the anglo-scottish
+V92Bwfizg3u-00220-00053554-00054007 border country between 1730 and 1763
+V92Bwfizg3u-00221-00054008-00054208 immigrants trickled into western
+V92Bwfizg3u-00222-00054209-00054436 Pennsylvania the Shenandoah Valley area
+V92Bwfizg3u-00223-00054437-00054637 of Virginia and Western Maryland
+V92Bwfizg3u-00224-00054638-00054913 Thomas Walker's discovery of Cumberland
+V92Bwfizg3u-00225-00054914-00055171 Gap in 1750 and the end of the French
+V92Bwfizg3u-00226-00055172-00055237 and Indian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00227-00055238-00055561 war in 1763 lured settlers deeper into
+V92Bwfizg3u-00228-00055562-00055732 the mountains namely to Upper East
+V92Bwfizg3u-00229-00055733-00055905 Tennessee North Western North Carolina
+V92Bwfizg3u-00230-00055907-00056185 Upstate South Carolina and central
+V92Bwfizg3u-00231-00056186-00056620 Kentucky between 1790 and 1840 a series
+V92Bwfizg3u-00232-00056621-00056797 of treaties with the Cherokee and other
+V92Bwfizg3u-00233-00056798-00057022 Native American tribes opened up lands
+V92Bwfizg3u-00234-00057023-00057232 in North Georgia North Alabama the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00235-00057233-00057405 Tennessee Valley the Cumberland Plateau
+V92Bwfizg3u-00236-00057407-00057595 regions and the Great Smoky Mountains
+V92Bwfizg3u-00237-00057596-00057792 along what is now that Tennessee North
+V92Bwfizg3u-00238-00057794-00058041 Carolina border the last of these
+V92Bwfizg3u-00239-00058042-00058234 treaties culminated in the removal of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00240-00058235-00058429 the bulk of the Cherokee population as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00241-00058429-00058636 well as Choctaw Chickasaw and others
+V92Bwfizg3u-00242-00058637-00058819 from the region via the Trail of Tears
+V92Bwfizg3u-00243-00058820-00059342 from 1831 until 1838
+V92Bwfizg3u-00244-00059344-00059926 topic the Appalachian frontier
+V92Bwfizg3u-00245-00059927-00060154 Appalachian frontiersman have long been
+V92Bwfizg3u-00246-00060155-00060347 romanticized for their ruggedness and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00247-00060348-00060641 self-sufficiency a typical depiction of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00248-00060641-00060866 an Appalachian pioneer involves a hunter
+V92Bwfizg3u-00249-00060866-00061054 wearing a Coonskin cap and buckskin
+V92Bwfizg3u-00250-00061055-00061259 clothing and sporting a long rifle and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00251-00061260-00061541 shoulder strapped Powderhorn perhaps no
+V92Bwfizg3u-00252-00061541-00061778 single figure symbolizes the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00253-00061779-00061968 pioneer more than Daniel Boone
+V92Bwfizg3u-00254-00061969-00062273 17:34 to 1820 the long hunter and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00255-00062274-00062423 surveyor instrumental in the early
+V92Bwfizg3u-00256-00062424-00062636 settlement of Kentucky in Tennessee
+V92Bwfizg3u-00257-00062637-00062917 like Boone Appalachian pioneers moved
+V92Bwfizg3u-00258-00062918-00063118 into areas largely separated from
+V92Bwfizg3u-00259-00063119-00063430 civilization by high mountain ridges and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00260-00063431-00063607 had to fend for themselves against the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00261-00063608-00063884 elements as many of these early settlers
+V92Bwfizg3u-00262-00063885-00064069 were living on Native American lands
+V92Bwfizg3u-00263-00064070-00064282 attacks from Native American tribes were
+V92Bwfizg3u-00264-00064283-00064468 a continuous threat until the 19th
+V92Bwfizg3u-00265-00064469-00064780 century as early as the 18th century
+V92Bwfizg3u-00266-00064781-00064975 Appalachia then known simply as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00267-00064976-00065287 backcountry began to distinguish itself
+V92Bwfizg3u-00268-00065288-00065473 from its wealthier lowland in coastal
+V92Bwfizg3u-00269-00065474-00065607 neighbors to the east
+V92Bwfizg3u-00270-00065608-00065854 frontiersman often bickered with lowland
+V92Bwfizg3u-00271-00065855-00066157 and Tidewater elites over taxes
+V92Bwfizg3u-00272-00066158-00066355 sometimes to the point of armed revolt
+V92Bwfizg3u-00273-00066356-00066682 such as the regulator movement 1767 to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00274-00066683-00067168 1771 in North Carolina in 1778 at the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00275-00067169-00067324 height of the American Revolution
+V92Bwfizg3u-00276-00067325-00067525 backwoodsman from Pennsylvania Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00277-00067526-00067762 and what is now Kentucky took part in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00278-00067763-00067972 George Rogers Clark solenoid campaign
+V92Bwfizg3u-00279-00067973-00068249 two years later a group of Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00280-00068250-00068449 frontiersman known as the over mountain
+V92Bwfizg3u-00281-00068450-00068668 men routed British forces at the Battle
+V92Bwfizg3u-00282-00068669-00068869 of Kings Mountain after rejecting a call
+V92Bwfizg3u-00283-00068870-00069134 by the British to disarm after the war
+V92Bwfizg3u-00284-00069135-00069311 residents throughout the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00285-00069312-00069566 back country especially the Monongahela
+V92Bwfizg3u-00286-00069567-00069757 region in western Pennsylvania and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00287-00069758-00069976 Antebellum northwestern Virginia now the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00288-00069977-00070178 north-central part of West Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00289-00070179-00070429 refused to pay a tax placed on whiskey
+V92Bwfizg3u-00290-00070430-00070600 by the new American government leading
+V92Bwfizg3u-00291-00070601-00070762 to what became known as the whiskey
+V92Bwfizg3u-00292-00070763-00071026 rebellion the resulting tighter federal
+V92Bwfizg3u-00293-00071027-00071198 controls in the Monongahela Valley
+V92Bwfizg3u-00294-00071199-00071425 resulted in many whiskey bourbon makers
+V92Bwfizg3u-00295-00071426-00071662 migrating via the Ohio River to Kentucky
+V92Bwfizg3u-00296-00071663-00071824 and Tennessee where the industry could
+V92Bwfizg3u-00297-00071825-00072146 flourish
+V92Bwfizg3u-00298-00072147-00072709 topic early 19th century
+V92Bwfizg3u-00299-00072710-00072958 in the early 19th century the rift
+V92Bwfizg3u-00300-00072959-00073153 between the yeoman farmers of Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00301-00073154-00073354 and their wealthier lowland counterparts
+V92Bwfizg3u-00302-00073355-00073558 continued to grow especially as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00303-00073559-00073794 latter dominated most state legislatures
+V92Bwfizg3u-00304-00073795-00074041 people in Appalachia began to feel
+V92Bwfizg3u-00305-00074042-00074188 slighted over what they considered
+V92Bwfizg3u-00306-00074189-00074389 unfair taxation methods and lack of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00307-00074390-00074551 state funding for improvements
+V92Bwfizg3u-00308-00074552-00074821 especially for roads in the northern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00309-00074822-00075084 half of the region the lowland elites
+V92Bwfizg3u-00310-00075085-00075328 consisted largely of industrial and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00311-00075329-00075523 business interests whereas in the parts
+V92Bwfizg3u-00312-00075524-00075676 of the region south of the mason-dixon
+V92Bwfizg3u-00313-00075677-00075895 line the lowland elites consisted of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00314-00075896-00076159 large-scale land owning planters the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00315-00076160-00076402 Whig party formed in the 1830s drew
+V92Bwfizg3u-00316-00076403-00076576 widespread support from disaffected
+V92Bwfizg3u-00317-00076577-00076858 Appalachian 's tensions between the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00318-00076859-00077053 mountain counties and state governments
+V92Bwfizg3u-00319-00077054-00077230 sometimes reached the point of mountain
+V92Bwfizg3u-00320-00077231-00077404 counties threatening to break off and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00321-00077405-00077782 form separate states in 1832 bickering
+V92Bwfizg3u-00322-00077783-00077968 between western virginia and eastern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00323-00077969-00078118 virginia over the state's constitution
+V92Bwfizg3u-00324-00078119-00078382 led to calls on both sides for the state
+V92Bwfizg3u-00325-00078383-00078721 separation into two states in 1841
+V92Bwfizg3u-00326-00078722-00078967 Tennessee state senator and later u.s.
+V92Bwfizg3u-00327-00078968-00079159 President Andrew Johnson introduced
+V92Bwfizg3u-00328-00079160-00079351 legislation in the Tennessee Senate
+V92Bwfizg3u-00329-00079352-00079522 calling for the creation of a separate
+V92Bwfizg3u-00330-00079523-00079777 state in East Tennessee the proposed
+V92Bwfizg3u-00331-00079778-00080002 state would have been known as Franklin
+V92Bwfizg3u-00332-00080003-00080212 and would have invited like-minded
+V92Bwfizg3u-00333-00080213-00080395 Mountain counties in Virginia North
+V92Bwfizg3u-00334-00080396-00081004 Carolina Georgia and Alabama to join it
+V92Bwfizg3u-00335-00081005-00081490 topic the u.s. Civil War
+V92Bwfizg3u-00336-00081491-00081829 by 1860 the Whig party had disintegrated
+V92Bwfizg3u-00337-00081830-00082054 sentiments in northern Appalachia had
+V92Bwfizg3u-00338-00082055-00082219 shifted to the pro abolitionist
+V92Bwfizg3u-00339-00082220-00082498 Republican Party in southern Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00340-00082499-00082720 abolitionists still constituted a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00341-00082721-00082885 radical minority although several
+V92Bwfizg3u-00342-00082886-00083119 smaller opposition parties most of which
+V92Bwfizg3u-00343-00083120-00083347 were both Pro Union and pro-slavery were
+V92Bwfizg3u-00344-00083348-00083536 formed to oppose the planter dominated
+V92Bwfizg3u-00345-00083537-00083791 Southern Democrats as states in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00346-00083792-00083971 southern United States moved toward
+V92Bwfizg3u-00347-00083972-00084151 secession a majority of southern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00348-00084152-00084438 Appalachian still supported the Union in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00349-00084439-00084789 1861 a Minnesota newspaper identified
+V92Bwfizg3u-00350-00084790-00085039 161 counties in southern Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00351-00085040-00085320 which the paper called Allegheny a--
+V92Bwfizg3u-00352-00085321-00085606 where union support remains strong and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00353-00085607-00085804 which might provide crucial support for
+V92Bwfizg3u-00354-00085805-00086056 the defeat of the confederacy however
+V92Bwfizg3u-00355-00086057-00086335 many of these unionists especially in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00356-00086336-00086518 the mountain areas of North Carolina
+V92Bwfizg3u-00357-00086519-00086848 Georgia and Alabama were conditional
+V92Bwfizg3u-00358-00086849-00087070 unionists in that they opposed secession
+V92Bwfizg3u-00359-00087071-00087319 but also opposed violence to prevent
+V92Bwfizg3u-00360-00087320-00087508 secession and thus when their respective
+V92Bwfizg3u-00361-00087509-00087727 state legislatures voted to secede their
+V92Bwfizg3u-00362-00087728-00087936 support shifted to the Confederacy
+V92Bwfizg3u-00363-00087937-00088168 Kentucky sought to remain neutral at the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00364-00088169-00088348 outset of the conflict opting not to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00365-00088349-00088615 supply troops to either side after
+V92Bwfizg3u-00366-00088616-00088813 Virginia voted to secede several
+V92Bwfizg3u-00367-00088814-00088981 mountain counties in northwestern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00368-00088982-00089185 Virginia rejected the ordinance and with
+V92Bwfizg3u-00369-00089186-00089386 the help of the Union Army established a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00370-00089387-00089581 separate state admitted to the Union as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00371-00089582-00089971 West Virginia in 1863 however half the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00372-00089972-00090133 counties included in the new state
+V92Bwfizg3u-00373-00090134-00090343 comprising two-thirds of its territory
+V92Bwfizg3u-00374-00090344-00090514 were secessionist and pro-confederate
+V92Bwfizg3u-00375-00090515-00090748 this caused great difficulty for the new
+V92Bwfizg3u-00376-00090749-00090922 unionist state government in Wheeling
+V92Bwfizg3u-00377-00090923-00091198 both during and after the war a similar
+V92Bwfizg3u-00378-00091199-00091390 effort occurred in East Tennessee but
+V92Bwfizg3u-00379-00091391-00091573 the initiative failed after Tennessee's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00380-00091574-00091780 governor ordered the Confederate Army to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00381-00091781-00091954 occupy the region forcing East
+V92Bwfizg3u-00382-00091955-00092128 Tennessee's unionists to flee to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00383-00092129-00092353 north or go into hiding the one
+V92Bwfizg3u-00384-00092354-00092548 exception was the so called free and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00385-00092549-00092761 independent state of Scott both central
+V92Bwfizg3u-00386-00092762-00092923 and southern Appalachia suffered
+V92Bwfizg3u-00387-00092924-00093103 tremendous violence and turmoil during
+V92Bwfizg3u-00388-00093104-00093367 the Civil War while there were two major
+V92Bwfizg3u-00389-00093368-00093574 theaters of operation in the region
+V92Bwfizg3u-00390-00093575-00093799 namely the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00391-00093800-00094030 and present-day West Virginia and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00392-00094031-00094198 Chattanooga area along the Tennessee
+V92Bwfizg3u-00393-00094199-00094459 Georgia border much of the violence was
+V92Bwfizg3u-00394-00094460-00094719 caused by bushwhackers in guerrilla war
+V92Bwfizg3u-00395-00094720-00094899 the northernmost battles of the entire
+V92Bwfizg3u-00396-00094900-00095112 war were fought in Appalachia with the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00397-00095113-00095284 Battle of Buffington Island and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00398-00095285-00095503 Battle of Salamis ulting from Morgan's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00399-00095504-00095779 raid large numbers of livestock were
+V92Bwfizg3u-00400-00095780-00095973 killed grazing was an important part of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00401-00095974-00096198 Appalachian economy and numerous farms
+V92Bwfizg3u-00402-00096199-00096486 were destroyed pillaged or neglected the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00403-00096487-00096630 actions of both Union and Confederate
+V92Bwfizg3u-00404-00096631-00096873 armies left many inhabitants in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00405-00096874-00097032 region resentful of government authority
+V92Bwfizg3u-00406-00097033-00097287 and suspicious of outsiders for decades
+V92Bwfizg3u-00407-00097288-00097635 after the war
+V92Bwfizg3u-00408-00097636-00098318 topic late 19th and early 20th centuries
+V92Bwfizg3u-00409-00098319-00098800 topic economic boom
+V92Bwfizg3u-00410-00098801-00099019 after the war northern parts of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00411-00099020-00099254 Appalachia experienced an economic boom
+V92Bwfizg3u-00412-00099255-00099460 while economies in the southern parts of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00413-00099461-00099661 the region stagnated especially as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00414-00099662-00099844 Southern Democrats regained control of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00415-00099845-00100051 their respective state legislatures at
+V92Bwfizg3u-00416-00100052-00100304 the end of Reconstruction Pittsburgh as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00417-00100305-00100478 well as Knoxville grew into major
+V92Bwfizg3u-00418-00100479-00100691 industrial centers especially regarding
+V92Bwfizg3u-00419-00100692-00101062 iron and steel production by 1900 the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00420-00101063-00101266 Chattanooga area and North Georgia and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00421-00101267-00101500 northern Alabama had experienced similar
+V92Bwfizg3u-00422-00101501-00101710 changes due to manufacturing booms in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00423-00101711-00101891 Atlanta and Birmingham at the edge of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00424-00101892-00102118 the Appalachian region railroad
+V92Bwfizg3u-00425-00102119-00102367 construction between the 1880s and early
+V92Bwfizg3u-00426-00102368-00102559 20th century gave the greater nation
+V92Bwfizg3u-00427-00102560-00102760 access to the vast coal fields in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00428-00102761-00102988 Central Appalachia making the economy in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00429-00102989-00103151 that part of the region practically
+V92Bwfizg3u-00430-00103152-00103388 synonymous with coal mining as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00431-00103389-00103615 nationwide demand for lumber skyrocketed
+V92Bwfizg3u-00432-00103616-00103789 lumber firms turned to the virgin
+V92Bwfizg3u-00433-00103790-00103990 forests of southern Appalachia using
+V92Bwfizg3u-00434-00103991-00104198 sawmill and logging railroad innovations
+V92Bwfizg3u-00435-00104199-00104443 to reach remote timber stands the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00436-00104444-00104689 tri-cities area of Tennessee in Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00437-00104690-00104900 and the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00438-00104901-00105119 became major petrochemical production
+V92Bwfizg3u-00439-00105120-00105415 centers
+V92Bwfizg3u-00440-00105416-00105904 topic stereotypes
+V92Bwfizg3u-00441-00105905-00106198 the late 19th and early 20th centuries
+V92Bwfizg3u-00442-00106199-00106366 also saw the development of various
+V92Bwfizg3u-00443-00106367-00106658 regional stereotypes attempt by
+V92Bwfizg3u-00444-00106658-00106873 President Rutherford B Hayes to enforce
+V92Bwfizg3u-00445-00106874-00107152 the whiskey tax in the late 1870s led to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00446-00107153-00107306 an explosion in violence between
+V92Bwfizg3u-00447-00107307-00107618 Appalachian moonshiners and federal
+V92Bwfizg3u-00448-00107619-00107884 revenue Asst that lasted through the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00449-00107885-00108158 Prohibition period in the 1920s the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00450-00108158-00108316 breakdown of authority and law
+V92Bwfizg3u-00451-00108317-00108502 enforcement during the Civil War may
+V92Bwfizg3u-00452-00108503-00108703 have contributed to an increase in Klan
+V92Bwfizg3u-00453-00108704-00108949 feuding which by the 1880s was reported
+V92Bwfizg3u-00454-00108950-00109108 to be a problem across most of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00455-00109109-00109303 Kentucky's Cumberland region as well as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00456-00109304-00109498 Carter County in Tennessee Carroll
+V92Bwfizg3u-00457-00109499-00109723 County in Virginia and Mingo and Logan
+V92Bwfizg3u-00458-00109724-00109997 counties in West Virginia regional
+V92Bwfizg3u-00459-00109998-00110195 riders from this period such as Mary
+V92Bwfizg3u-00460-00110196-00110386 know Isles Murphree and Horace Kephart
+V92Bwfizg3u-00461-00110387-00110587 like to focus on such sensational
+V92Bwfizg3u-00462-00110588-00110783 aspects of mountain culture leading
+V92Bwfizg3u-00463-00110783-00110957 readers outside the region to believe
+V92Bwfizg3u-00464-00110958-00111095 they were more widespread than in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00465-00111096-00111424 reality in an 1899 article in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00466-00111425-00111652 Atlantic Berea College President William
+V92Bwfizg3u-00467-00111653-00111841 G frost attempted to redefine the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00468-00111842-00112078 inhabitants of Appalachia as noble
+V92Bwfizg3u-00469-00112079-00112343 Mountaineers relics of the nation's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00470-00112344-00112583 pioneer period whose isolation had left
+V92Bwfizg3u-00471-00112583-00112793 them unaffected by modern times today
+V92Bwfizg3u-00472-00112794-00112994 residents of Appalachia are viewed by
+V92Bwfizg3u-00473-00112995-00113191 many Americans as in educated and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00474-00113192-00113398 unrefined resulting in culture based
+V92Bwfizg3u-00475-00113399-00113626 stereotyping and discrimination in many
+V92Bwfizg3u-00476-00113627-00113848 areas including employment and housing
+V92Bwfizg3u-00477-00113849-00114143 such discrimination has prompted some to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00478-00114144-00114332 seek redress under prevailing federal
+V92Bwfizg3u-00479-00114333-00114794 and state civil rights laws
+V92Bwfizg3u-00480-00114795-00115213 topic feuds
+V92Bwfizg3u-00481-00115214-00115453 appalachia and especially Kentucky
+V92Bwfizg3u-00482-00115454-00115654 became nationally known for its violent
+V92Bwfizg3u-00483-00115655-00115852 views especially in the remote mountain
+V92Bwfizg3u-00484-00115853-00116074 districts they pitted the men in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00485-00116075-00116275 extended clans against each other for
+V92Bwfizg3u-00486-00116276-00116500 decades often using assassination and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00487-00116501-00116704 arson as weapons along with ambushes
+V92Bwfizg3u-00488-00116705-00117019 gunfights and pre-arranged shootouts the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00489-00117020-00117261 infamous hatfield-mccoy feud of the 19th
+V92Bwfizg3u-00490-00117263-00117421 century was the best-known of these
+V92Bwfizg3u-00491-00117422-00117694 family feud's some of the feuds were
+V92Bwfizg3u-00492-00117695-00117928 continuations of violent local civil war
+V92Bwfizg3u-00493-00117929-00118219 episodes journalists often wrote about
+V92Bwfizg3u-00494-00118220-00118477 the violence using stereotypes that city
+V92Bwfizg3u-00495-00118478-00118729 folks had developed about Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00496-00118730-00118906 they interpreted the feuds as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00497-00118907-00119080 natural products of profound ignorance
+V92Bwfizg3u-00498-00119081-00119344 poverty and isolation and perhaps even
+V92Bwfizg3u-00499-00119345-00119610 inbreeding in reality the leading
+V92Bwfizg3u-00500-00119611-00119803 participants were typically well-to-do
+V92Bwfizg3u-00501-00119804-00120004 local elites with networks of clients
+V92Bwfizg3u-00502-00120005-00120163 who were fighting for local political
+V92Bwfizg3u-00503-00120164-00120533 power
+V92Bwfizg3u-00504-00120533-00121014 topic modern Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00505-00121015-00121272 logging firms rapid devastation of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00506-00121273-00121455 forests of the Appalachian sparked a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00507-00121456-00121632 movement among conservationists to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00508-00121633-00121788 preserve what remained and allowed the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00509-00121789-00122199 land to heal in 1911 Congress passed the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00510-00122200-00122346 weeks act giving the federal government
+V92Bwfizg3u-00511-00122347-00122585 authority to create national forests
+V92Bwfizg3u-00512-00122586-00122724 east of the Mississippi River and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00513-00122725-00122982 control timber harvesting regional
+V92Bwfizg3u-00514-00122983-00123174 riders and business interests led a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00515-00123175-00123381 movement to create national parks in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00516-00123382-00123567 eastern United States similar to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00517-00123568-00123750 Yosemite and Yellowstone in the West
+V92Bwfizg3u-00518-00123751-00123959 culminating in the creation of the Great
+V92Bwfizg3u-00519-00123960-00124158 Smoky Mountains National Park in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00520-00124158-00124320 Tennessee in North Carolina
+V92Bwfizg3u-00521-00124321-00124539 Shenandoah National Park in Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00522-00124540-00124758 Cumberland Gap National Historical Park
+V92Bwfizg3u-00523-00124758-00125016 in Kentucky Virginia and Tennessee and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00524-00125017-00125208 the Blue Ridge Parkway connecting the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00525-00125208-00125505 two in the 1930s during the same period
+V92Bwfizg3u-00526-00125506-00125759 new england forester Benton MacKaye led
+V92Bwfizg3u-00527-00125760-00126125 the movement to build the 2100 75 mile
+V92Bwfizg3u-00528-00126126-00126390 3,500 kilometers Appalachian Trail
+V92Bwfizg3u-00529-00126391-00126678 stretching from Georgia to Maine by the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00530-00126679-00126935 1950s poor farming techniques and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00531-00126936-00127133 loss of jobs to mechanization in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00532-00127134-00127347 mining industry had left much of central
+V92Bwfizg3u-00533-00127348-00127554 and southern Appalachia poverty-stricken
+V92Bwfizg3u-00534-00127555-00127815 the lack of jobs also led to widespread
+V92Bwfizg3u-00535-00127816-00128091 difficulties without migration beginning
+V92Bwfizg3u-00536-00128092-00128343 in the 1930s federal agencies such as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00537-00128344-00128538 the Tennessee Valley Authority began
+V92Bwfizg3u-00538-00128539-00128798 investing in the Appalachian region
+V92Bwfizg3u-00539-00128799-00129027 sociologists such as James Brown and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00540-00129028-00129204 cratis Williams and authors such as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00541-00129205-00129390 Harry Caudill and Michael Harrington
+V92Bwfizg3u-00542-00129391-00129567 brought attention to the region's plight
+V92Bwfizg3u-00543-00129568-00129809 in the 1960s prompting Congress to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00544-00129810-00129959 create the Appalachian Regional
+V92Bwfizg3u-00545-00129960-00130272 Commission in 1965 the Commission's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00546-00130273-00130436 efforts helped to stem the tide of out
+V92Bwfizg3u-00547-00130438-00130644 migration and diversify the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00548-00130645-00130848 economies although there have been
+V92Bwfizg3u-00549-00130849-00131033 drastic improvements in the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00550-00131034-00131190 economic conditions since the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00551-00131191-00131355 Commission's founding the arc still
+V92Bwfizg3u-00552-00131356-00131751 listed 82 counties as distressed in 2010
+V92Bwfizg3u-00553-00131752-00131994 with nearly half of them 40 in Kentucky
+V92Bwfizg3u-00554-00131995-00132192 there are growing IT sectors in many
+V92Bwfizg3u-00555-00132193-00132483 parts of the region Titan the fastest
+V92Bwfizg3u-00556-00132484-00132699 supercomputer in the United States and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00557-00132700-00132939 third fastest in the world as of 2016
+V92Bwfizg3u-00558-00132940-00133089 is currently housed at Oak Ridge
+V92Bwfizg3u-00559-00133090-00133257 National Laboratory near Knoxville
+V92Bwfizg3u-00560-00133258-00133689 Tennessee
+V92Bwfizg3u-00561-00133690-00134137 topic cities
+V92Bwfizg3u-00562-00134138-00134341 notable cities with in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00563-00134342-00134706 include Asheville North Carolina
+V92Bwfizg3u-00564-00134707-00135073 Birmingham Alabama Charleston West
+V92Bwfizg3u-00565-00135074-00135408 Virginia Chattanooga Tennessee
+V92Bwfizg3u-00566-00135409-00135766 Greenville South Carolina Huntsville
+V92Bwfizg3u-00567-00135767-00136222 Alabama Knoxville Tennessee Morgantown
+V92Bwfizg3u-00568-00136223-00136596 West Virginia Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
+V92Bwfizg3u-00569-00136597-00137028 Roanoke Virginia Scranton Pennsylvania
+V92Bwfizg3u-00570-00137029-00137520 Wheeling West Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00571-00137521-00138064 topic culture
+V92Bwfizg3u-00572-00138065-00138567 topic ethnic groups
+V92Bwfizg3u-00573-00138568-00138897 an estimated 90% of Appalachian earliest
+V92Bwfizg3u-00574-00138898-00139101 European settlers originated from the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00575-00139102-00139374 anglo-scottish border country namely the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00576-00139375-00139521 English counties of Cumberland
+V92Bwfizg3u-00577-00139522-00139707 Westmoreland Northumberland County
+V92Bwfizg3u-00578-00139708-00139941 Durham Lancashire and Yorkshire and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00579-00139942-00140124 lowland Scottish counties of Ayrshire
+V92Bwfizg3u-00580-00140125-00140352 Dumfriesshire Roxburgh Shire barracks
+V92Bwfizg3u-00581-00140353-00140589 sure and wig town sure most of these
+V92Bwfizg3u-00582-00140590-00140727 were from families who had been
+V92Bwfizg3u-00583-00140728-00140919 resettled in the Ulster plantation in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00584-00140920-00141162 Northern Ireland in the 17th century but
+V92Bwfizg3u-00585-00141163-00141288 some came directly from the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00586-00141289-00141588 anglo-scottish border region in America
+V92Bwfizg3u-00587-00141589-00141768 these people are often grouped under the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00588-00141769-00142181 single name Scotch Irish or scots-irish
+V92Bwfizg3u-00589-00142182-00142500 while various 20th century writers tried
+V92Bwfizg3u-00590-00142501-00142689 to associate Appalachia with Scottish
+V92Bwfizg3u-00591-00142690-00142875 Highlanders Highland Scots were a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00592-00142876-00143091 relatively insignificant percentage of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00593-00143092-00143289 the region's early European immigrants
+V92Bwfizg3u-00594-00143290-00143490 although Swedes and Finn's formed only a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00595-00143491-00143715 tiny portion of the Appalachian Settlers
+V92Bwfizg3u-00596-00143716-00143904 it was Swedish and Finnish settlers of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00597-00143905-00144069 New Sweden who brought the northern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00598-00144070-00144285 European woodsmen skills such as log
+V92Bwfizg3u-00599-00144286-00144462 cabin construction which formed the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00600-00144463-00144699 basis of backwoods Appalachian material
+V92Bwfizg3u-00601-00144700-00144900 culture Germans were a major pioneer
+V92Bwfizg3u-00602-00144901-00145110 group to migrate to Appalachia settling
+V92Bwfizg3u-00603-00145111-00145281 mainly in western Pennsylvania and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00604-00145282-00145416 Southwest Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00605-00145417-00145677 smaller numbers of Germans were also
+V92Bwfizg3u-00606-00145678-00145857 among the initial wave of migrants to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00607-00145858-00146097 the southern mountains in the 19th
+V92Bwfizg3u-00608-00146098-00146283 century Welsh immigrants were brought
+V92Bwfizg3u-00609-00146284-00146439 into the region for their mining and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00610-00146440-00146718 metallurgical expertise and by 1900 over
+V92Bwfizg3u-00611-00146719-00146949 100,000 Welsh immigrants were living in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00612-00146950-00147231 western Pennsylvania alone thousands of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00613-00147232-00147438 german-speaking swiss migrated to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00614-00147439-00147621 Appalachia in the second half of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00615-00147622-00147813 nineteenth century and their descendants
+V92Bwfizg3u-00616-00147814-00147972 remained in places such as East
+V92Bwfizg3u-00617-00147973-00148170 Bernstadt Kentucky and gruetli-laager
+V92Bwfizg3u-00618-00148171-00148440 tennessee the coal mining and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00619-00148441-00148674 manufacturing boom in the late 19th and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00620-00148675-00148866 early 20th centuries brought large
+V92Bwfizg3u-00621-00148867-00149106 numbers of Italians in Eastern Europeans
+V92Bwfizg3u-00622-00149107-00149283 to Appalachia although most of these
+V92Bwfizg3u-00623-00149284-00149469 families left the region when the Great
+V92Bwfizg3u-00624-00149470-00149652 Depression shattered the economy in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00625-00149653-00149961 1930s African Americans have been
+V92Bwfizg3u-00626-00149962-00150153 present in the region since the 18th
+V92Bwfizg3u-00627-00150154-00150213 century
+V92Bwfizg3u-00628-00150214-00150423 and currently make up 8% of the ark
+V92Bwfizg3u-00629-00150424-00150675 designated region mostly concentrated in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00630-00150676-00150861 urban areas and former mining and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00631-00150862-00151185 manufacturing towns Native Americans the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00632-00151186-00151395 region's original inhabitants are only a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00633-00151396-00151605 small percentage of the region's present
+V92Bwfizg3u-00634-00151606-00151745 population their most notable
+V92Bwfizg3u-00635-00151746-00151923 concentration being the res are
+V92Bwfizg3u-00636-00151924-00152138 of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
+V92Bwfizg3u-00637-00152139-00152433 in North Carolina the Melungeons a group
+V92Bwfizg3u-00638-00152434-00152639 of mixed African European and Native
+V92Bwfizg3u-00639-00152640-00152847 American ancestry are scattered across
+V92Bwfizg3u-00640-00152848-00153089 northeastern Tennessee Eastern Kentucky
+V92Bwfizg3u-00641-00153090-00153513 and southwestern Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00642-00153514-00154013 topic religion
+V92Bwfizg3u-00643-00154014-00154209 Christianity has long been the main
+V92Bwfizg3u-00644-00154210-00154440 religion in Appalachia religion in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00645-00154441-00154656 Appalachia is characterized by a sense
+V92Bwfizg3u-00646-00154657-00154836 of independence and a distrust of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00647-00154837-00155052 religious hierarchies both rooted in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00648-00155053-00155253 evangelical tendencies of the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00649-00155254-00155403 pioneers many of whom had been
+V92Bwfizg3u-00650-00155404-00155706 influenced by the new light movement in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00651-00155707-00155913 England many of the denominations
+V92Bwfizg3u-00652-00155914-00156051 brought from Europe underwent
+V92Bwfizg3u-00653-00156052-00156261 modifications our faction ngering the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00654-00156262-00156459 Second Great Awakening especially the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00655-00156460-00156651 holiness movement in the early 19th
+V92Bwfizg3u-00656-00156652-00156924 century a number of 18th and 19th
+V92Bwfizg3u-00657-00156925-00157161 century religious traditions are still
+V92Bwfizg3u-00658-00157162-00157323 practiced in parts of Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00659-00157324-00157698 including natural water or Creek baptism
+V92Bwfizg3u-00660-00157699-00157857 rhythmically chanted preaching
+V92Bwfizg3u-00661-00157858-00158076 congregational shouting snake handling
+V92Bwfizg3u-00662-00158077-00158187 and foot washing
+V92Bwfizg3u-00663-00158188-00158463 while most churchgoers in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00664-00158464-00158655 attend fairly well organized churches
+V92Bwfizg3u-00665-00158656-00158823 affiliated with regional or national
+V92Bwfizg3u-00666-00158824-00159120 bodies small unaffiliated congregations
+V92Bwfizg3u-00667-00159121-00159336 are not uncommon in rural mountain areas
+V92Bwfizg3u-00668-00159337-00159506 Protestantism is the most dominant
+V92Bwfizg3u-00669-00159507-00159723 denomination in Appalachia although
+V92Bwfizg3u-00670-00159724-00159912 there is a significant Roman Catholic
+V92Bwfizg3u-00671-00159913-00160062 presence in the northern half of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00672-00160063-00160221 region and in urban areas like
+V92Bwfizg3u-00673-00160222-00160476 Pittsburgh and Scranton the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00674-00160477-00160695 early lowland and Ulster Scot immigrants
+V92Bwfizg3u-00675-00160696-00160887 brought Presbyterianism to Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00676-00160888-00161130 eventually organizing into bodies such
+V92Bwfizg3u-00677-00161131-00161339 as the Cumberland Presbyterian Church
+V92Bwfizg3u-00678-00161340-00161640 English Baptists most of whom had been
+V92Bwfizg3u-00679-00161641-00161850 influenced by the separate Baptist and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00680-00161851-00162084 Regular Baptist movements were also
+V92Bwfizg3u-00681-00162085-00162276 common on the Appalachian frontier and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00682-00162277-00162471 today are represented in the region by
+V92Bwfizg3u-00683-00162472-00162666 groups such as the free will Baptists
+V92Bwfizg3u-00684-00162667-00162843 the Southern Baptists Missionary
+V92Bwfizg3u-00685-00162844-00163182 Baptists and old-time groups such as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00686-00163183-00163394 United Baptists and primitive Baptists
+V92Bwfizg3u-00687-00163395-00163671 circuit riders such as Francis Asbury
+V92Bwfizg3u-00688-00163672-00163902 helped spread Methodism to Appalachia in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00689-00163903-00164175 the early 19th century and today 9.2
+V92Bwfizg3u-00690-00164176-00164370 percent of the region's population as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00691-00164371-00164610 Methodists represented by such bodies as
+V92Bwfizg3u-00692-00164611-00164793 the United Methodist Church the Free
+V92Bwfizg3u-00693-00164794-00164955 Methodist Church and the African
+V92Bwfizg3u-00694-00164956-00165194 Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
+V92Bwfizg3u-00695-00165195-00165414 Pentecostal movements within the region
+V92Bwfizg3u-00696-00165415-00165597 include the Church of God based in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00697-00165598-00165798 Cleveland Tennessee and the Assemblies
+V92Bwfizg3u-00698-00165799-00166068 of God scattered Mennonite colonies
+V92Bwfizg3u-00699-00166069-00166470 exist throughout the region
+V92Bwfizg3u-00700-00166471-00166948 topic dialect
+V92Bwfizg3u-00701-00166949-00167221 the Appalachian dialect as a dialect of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00702-00167222-00167410 Midland American English known as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00703-00167411-00167596 southern Midland dialect and has spoken
+V92Bwfizg3u-00704-00167597-00167761 primarily in central and southern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00705-00167762-00168054 Appalachia the northern Midland dialect
+V92Bwfizg3u-00706-00168055-00168235 is spoken in the northern parts of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00707-00168236-00168418 region while Pittsburg English more
+V92Bwfizg3u-00708-00168419-00168688 commonly known as Pittsburg ease is
+V92Bwfizg3u-00709-00168689-00168895 strongly influenced by Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00710-00168896-00169156 dialect the southern Appalachian dialect
+V92Bwfizg3u-00711-00169157-00169312 is considered part of the southern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00712-00169313-00169501 American dialect although the two are
+V92Bwfizg3u-00713-00169502-00169672 distinguished by the Rohtak nature of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00714-00169673-00169951 the Appalachian dialect early twentieth
+V92Bwfizg3u-00715-00169952-00170161 century writers believed the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00716-00170162-00170347 dialect to be a surviving relic of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00717-00170348-00170554 old-world Scottish or Elizebeth and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00718-00170555-00170794 dialects recent research suggests
+V92Bwfizg3u-00719-00170795-00171016 however that while the dialect has a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00720-00171017-00171208 stronger Scottish influence than other
+V92Bwfizg3u-00721-00171209-00171382 American dialects most of its
+V92Bwfizg3u-00722-00171383-00171547 distinguishing characteristics are
+V92Bwfizg3u-00723-00171548-00171918 American in origin
+V92Bwfizg3u-00724-00171919-00172557 topic education for much of the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00725-00172558-00172785 history education in Appalachia has
+V92Bwfizg3u-00726-00172786-00172971 lagged behind the rest of the nation due
+V92Bwfizg3u-00727-00172972-00173142 in part to struggles with funding from
+V92Bwfizg3u-00728-00173143-00173319 respective state governments and an
+V92Bwfizg3u-00729-00173320-00173556 agrarian oriented population that often
+V92Bwfizg3u-00730-00173557-00173694 failed to see a practical need for
+V92Bwfizg3u-00731-00173695-00174009 formal education early education in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00732-00174010-00174198 region evolved from teaching Christian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00733-00174199-00174384 morality and learning to read the Bible
+V92Bwfizg3u-00734-00174385-00174603 into small one-room schoolhouses that
+V92Bwfizg3u-00735-00174604-00174777 convened in months when children were
+V92Bwfizg3u-00736-00174778-00175041 not needed to help with farm work after
+V92Bwfizg3u-00737-00175042-00175284 the Civil War mandatory education laws
+V92Bwfizg3u-00738-00175285-00175467 and state assistance helped larger
+V92Bwfizg3u-00739-00175468-00175662 communities begin to establish graded
+V92Bwfizg3u-00740-00175663-00175935 schools in high schools during the same
+V92Bwfizg3u-00741-00175936-00176163 period many of the region's institutions
+V92Bwfizg3u-00742-00176164-00176373 of higher education were established or
+V92Bwfizg3u-00743-00176374-00176667 greatly expanded in the late 19th and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00744-00176668-00176856 early 20th centuries service
+V92Bwfizg3u-00745-00176857-00177102 organizations such as Pi Beta Phi and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00746-00177103-00177210 various religious organizations
+V92Bwfizg3u-00747-00177211-00177471 established settlement schools and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00748-00177472-00177639 mission schools in the region's more
+V92Bwfizg3u-00749-00177640-00177921 rural areas in the 20th century national
+V92Bwfizg3u-00750-00177922-00178101 trends began to have more of an effect
+V92Bwfizg3u-00751-00178102-00178283 on education in Appalachia sometimes
+V92Bwfizg3u-00752-00178284-00178506 clashing with the region's traditional
+V92Bwfizg3u-00753-00178507-00178839 values the Scopes trial the nation's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00754-00178840-00179064 most publicized debate over the teaching
+V92Bwfizg3u-00755-00179065-00179313 of the theory of evolution took place in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00756-00179314-00179523 Dayton Tennessee in southern Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00757-00179524-00179901 in 1925 in spite of consolidation and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00758-00179902-00180105 centralization schools in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00759-00180106-00180300 struggled to keep up with federal and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00760-00180301-00180530 state demands into the 21st century
+V92Bwfizg3u-00761-00180531-00180831 since 2001 a number of the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00762-00180832-00181008 public schools were threatened with loss
+V92Bwfizg3u-00763-00181009-00181161 of funding due to difficulties
+V92Bwfizg3u-00764-00181162-00181347 fulfilling the demands of No Child Left
+V92Bwfizg3u-00765-00181348-00181688 Behind
+V92Bwfizg3u-00766-00181689-00182167 topic music
+V92Bwfizg3u-00767-00182168-00182380 Appalachian music is one of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00768-00182381-00182605 best-known manifestations of Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00769-00182606-00182914 culture traditional Appalachian music is
+V92Bwfizg3u-00770-00182915-00183109 derived primarily from the English and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00771-00183110-00183319 Scottish Ballad tradition and Irish and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00772-00183320-00183610 Scottish fiddle music african-american
+V92Bwfizg3u-00773-00183611-00183805 blues musicians played a significant
+V92Bwfizg3u-00774-00183806-00183988 role in developing the instrumental
+V92Bwfizg3u-00775-00183989-00184195 aspects of Appalachian music most
+V92Bwfizg3u-00776-00184196-00184363 notably with the introduction of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00777-00184364-00184615 five string banjo one of the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00778-00184616-00184911 iconic symbols in the late 18th century
+V92Bwfizg3u-00779-00184912-00185185 another instrument known in Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00780-00185186-00185383 culture was the Appalachian dulcimer
+V92Bwfizg3u-00781-00185384-00185590 which in a practical way is a guitar
+V92Bwfizg3u-00782-00185591-00185782 shaped instrument laid on its side with
+V92Bwfizg3u-00783-00185783-00185962 a flat bottom and the strings plucked in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00784-00185963-00186165 a manner to make alternating modes in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00785-00186166-00186415 the years following World War one
+V92Bwfizg3u-00786-00186416-00186634 British folklorist Cecil sharp brought
+V92Bwfizg3u-00787-00186635-00186835 attention to southern Appalachia when he
+V92Bwfizg3u-00788-00186836-00187009 noted that its inhabitants still sang
+V92Bwfizg3u-00789-00187010-00187192 hundreds of English and Scottish ballads
+V92Bwfizg3u-00790-00187193-00187345 that had been passed down to them from
+V92Bwfizg3u-00791-00187346-00187645 their ancestors commercial recordings of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00792-00187646-00187897 Appalachian musicians in the 1920s would
+V92Bwfizg3u-00793-00187898-00188059 have a significant impact on the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00794-00188060-00188266 development of country music bluegrass
+V92Bwfizg3u-00795-00188267-00188409 and old-time music
+V92Bwfizg3u-00796-00188410-00188677 Appalachian music saw a resurgence in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00797-00188678-00188878 popularity during the American folk
+V92Bwfizg3u-00798-00188879-00189121 music revival of the 1960s when
+V92Bwfizg3u-00799-00189122-00189364 musicologists such as Mike Seeger John
+V92Bwfizg3u-00800-00189365-00189559 Cohen and Ralph Rinzler traveled to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00801-00189560-00189724 remote parts of the region in search of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00802-00189725-00189954 musicians unaffected by modern music
+V92Bwfizg3u-00803-00189955-00190255 today dozens of annual music festivals
+V92Bwfizg3u-00804-00190256-00190417 held throughout the region preserve the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00805-00190418-00190919 Appalachian music tradition
+V92Bwfizg3u-00806-00190920-00191329 pick literature
+V92Bwfizg3u-00807-00191330-00191572 early Appalachian literature typically
+V92Bwfizg3u-00808-00191573-00191779 centered on the observations of people
+V92Bwfizg3u-00809-00191780-00191968 from outside the region such as Henry
+V92Bwfizg3u-00810-00191969-00192301 Timberlake's memoirs 1765 and Thomas
+V92Bwfizg3u-00811-00192302-00192448 Jefferson's notes on the state of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00812-00192449-00192739 Virginia 1784 although there are notable
+V92Bwfizg3u-00813-00192740-00192967 exceptions including Davy Crockett's a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00814-00192968-00193158 narrative of the life of Davy Crockett
+V92Bwfizg3u-00815-00193159-00193504 1834 travellers accounts published in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00816-00193505-00193720 19th century magazines gave rise to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00817-00193721-00193939 Appalachian local color which reached
+V92Bwfizg3u-00818-00193940-00194134 its height with George Washington Harris
+V92Bwfizg3u-00819-00194135-00194440 SUT Levengood character of the 1860s and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00820-00194441-00194638 native novelists such as Mary Noelle's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00821-00194639-00194926 Murphree works such as Rebecca Harding
+V92Bwfizg3u-00822-00194927-00195268 Davis's life in the iron mills 1861 Emma
+V92Bwfizg3u-00823-00195269-00195459 Belle Myles the spirit of the mountains
+V92Bwfizg3u-00824-00195460-00195751 1905 and Horace Kephart our southern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00825-00195752-00196018 Highlanders 1913 marked a shift in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00826-00196019-00196216 region's literature from local color to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00827-00196217-00196474 realism the transition from an agrarian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00828-00196475-00196747 society to an industrial society and its
+V92Bwfizg3u-00829-00196748-00196945 effects on Appalachia are captured in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00830-00196946-00197170 works such as olive Tilford darkens call
+V92Bwfizg3u-00831-00197171-00197446 home to the heart 1932 Agnes slide
+V92Bwfizg3u-00832-00197447-00197743 Turnbull's the rollin years 1936 James
+V92Bwfizg3u-00833-00197744-00198028 stills the river of Earth 1940 Harriet
+V92Bwfizg3u-00834-00198029-00198334 Simpson Arno's the dollmaker 1954 and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00835-00198335-00198493 Harry Connells night comes to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00836-00198494-00198888 Cumberlands 1962 in the 1970s and 1980s
+V92Bwfizg3u-00837-00198889-00199150 the rise of authors like briefs deep
+V92Bwfizg3u-00838-00199151-00199402 pancake Dorothy Allison and Lisa alter
+V92Bwfizg3u-00839-00199403-00199597 brought greater literary diversity to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00840-00199598-00199714 the region along with the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00841-00199715-00199933 above-mentioned sum of Appalachian best
+V92Bwfizg3u-00842-00199934-00200161 known writers include James Agee a death
+V92Bwfizg3u-00843-00200162-00200503 in the family and W Armstrong this day
+V92Bwfizg3u-00844-00200504-00200746 and time Wendell Berry Hena Coulter the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00845-00200747-00200941 unforeseen wilderness an essay on
+V92Bwfizg3u-00846-00200942-00201169 Kentucky's Red River Gorge selected
+V92Bwfizg3u-00847-00201170-00201379 poems of Wendell Berry Jessie Stewart
+V92Bwfizg3u-00848-00201380-00201580 taps for private Tussey the thread that
+V92Bwfizg3u-00849-00201581-00201835 runs so true Denise Gardena the unquiet
+V92Bwfizg3u-00850-00201836-00202084 earth storming heaven Lee Smith fair and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00851-00202085-00202252 tender ladies on agate Hill
+V92Bwfizg3u-00852-00202253-00202504 Silas house clays quilt a parchment of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00853-00202505-00202753 leaves Wilma Dykeman the Farr family the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00854-00202754-00202822 tall woman
+V92Bwfizg3u-00855-00202823-00203065 Keith Maillard Alix driving south light
+V92Bwfizg3u-00856-00203066-00203248 in the company of women hazard zones
+V92Bwfizg3u-00857-00203249-00203536 Gloria running Morgantown Lyndon Johnson
+V92Bwfizg3u-00858-00203537-00203734 and the majorettes looking good Maurice
+V92Bwfizg3u-00859-00203735-00203977 Manning bucolic s-- a companion for owls
+V92Bwfizg3u-00860-00203978-00204262 and Shelby Appalachian studies we keep a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00861-00204263-00204502 store George Ella Lyon borrowed children
+V92Bwfizg3u-00862-00204503-00204598 don't you remember
+V92Bwfizg3u-00863-00204599-00204711 Pamela Duncan
+V92Bwfizg3u-00864-00204712-00204996 women the big beautiful david joy we're
+V92Bwfizg3u-00865-00204996-00205292 all light tends to go the weight of this
+V92Bwfizg3u-00866-00205294-00205359 world
+V92Bwfizg3u-00867-00205360-00205635 Chris often no heroes the good brother
+V92Bwfizg3u-00868-00205636-00205908 Charles Fraser cold mountain 13 moons
+V92Bwfizg3u-00869-00205909-00206144 Sharon McCrum the hangman's beautiful
+V92Bwfizg3u-00870-00206146-00206390 daughter Robert Morgan gap Creek Jim
+V92Bwfizg3u-00871-00206391-00206601 Wayne Miller the breyer poems gurney
+V92Bwfizg3u-00872-00206602-00206871 Norman divine right strip kinfolks Ron
+V92Bwfizg3u-00873-00206871-00206990 rash Serena
+V92Bwfizg3u-00874-00206991-00207221 Elizabeth Maddox Roberts the Great
+V92Bwfizg3u-00875-00207223-00207534 Meadow the time of man Thomas Wolfe look
+V92Bwfizg3u-00876-00207535-00207719 homeward angel you can't go home again
+V92Bwfizg3u-00877-00207721-00207941 Rachel Carson the see around us
+V92Bwfizg3u-00878-00207942-00208139 silent spring Presidential Medal of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00879-00208140-00208329 Freedom and Jeannette Walls the Glass
+V92Bwfizg3u-00880-00208330-00208661 Castle Appalachian literature crosses
+V92Bwfizg3u-00881-00208662-00208823 with the larger genre of southern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00882-00208825-00209039 literature internationally renowned
+V92Bwfizg3u-00883-00209040-00209235 writers such as William Faulkner and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00884-00209236-00209402 Cormac McCarthy have made notable
+V92Bwfizg3u-00885-00209403-00209636 contributions to the American canon with
+V92Bwfizg3u-00886-00209637-00209816 tales set within Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00887-00209817-00210171 McCarthy Sutter II 1979 is an intense
+V92Bwfizg3u-00888-00210171-00210360 vision of the squalidness and brutality
+V92Bwfizg3u-00889-00210361-00210585 of life along the Tennessee River in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00890-00210586-00210840 heart of Appalachia other McCarthy
+V92Bwfizg3u-00891-00210841-00211044 novels set in Appalachia include the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00892-00211044-00211358 orchard keeper 1968 and child of God
+V92Bwfizg3u-00893-00211359-00211698 1973 Appalachia also serves as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00894-00211698-00211926 origin point for the kid the protagonist
+V92Bwfizg3u-00895-00211927-00212142 of McCarthy's Western masterpiece blood
+V92Bwfizg3u-00896-00212142-00212423 meridian father's hometown of Oxford
+V92Bwfizg3u-00897-00212425-00212628 Mississippi is on the borderlands of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00898-00212629-00212805 what is considered Appalachia but his
+V92Bwfizg3u-00899-00212806-00212967 fictional yet Napa tava should be
+V92Bwfizg3u-00900-00212967-00213237 considered part of the region almost all
+V92Bwfizg3u-00901-00213238-00213369 of the fiction which earned him the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00902-00213369-00213585 Nobel Prize is set there including light
+V92Bwfizg3u-00903-00213586-00214050 in August and absalom absalom
+V92Bwfizg3u-00904-00214051-00214526 topic folklore
+V92Bwfizg3u-00905-00214527-00214763 Appalachian folklore has a strong
+V92Bwfizg3u-00906-00214764-00214982 mixture of European Native American
+V92Bwfizg3u-00907-00214983-00215180 especially Cherokee and biblical
+V92Bwfizg3u-00908-00215181-00215429 influences the Cherokee taught the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00909-00215430-00215639 region's early European pioneers how to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00910-00215640-00215855 plant and cultivate crops such as corn
+V92Bwfizg3u-00911-00215856-00216086 and squash and how to find edible plants
+V92Bwfizg3u-00912-00216087-00216377 such as ramps the Cherokee also passed
+V92Bwfizg3u-00913-00216378-00216523 along their knowledge of the medicinal
+V92Bwfizg3u-00914-00216525-00216725 properties of hundreds of native herbs
+V92Bwfizg3u-00915-00216726-00216944 and roots and how to prepare tonics from
+V92Bwfizg3u-00916-00216944-00217217 such plants before the introduction of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00917-00217217-00217415 modern agricultural techniques in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00918-00217416-00217703 region in the 1930s and 1940s many
+V92Bwfizg3u-00919-00217704-00217880 Appalachian farmers followed the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00920-00217881-00218102 biblical tradition of planting by the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00921-00218103-00218384 signs such as the phases of the Moon or
+V92Bwfizg3u-00922-00218385-00218579 when certain weather conditions occurred
+V92Bwfizg3u-00923-00218580-00218789 Cherokee folklore continues to influence
+V92Bwfizg3u-00924-00218790-00218957 storytelling in the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00925-00218958-00219185 including depictions and characteristics
+V92Bwfizg3u-00926-00219186-00219469 of regional animals as told by Eastern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00927-00219471-00219664 Band Cherokee and Western North Carolina
+V92Bwfizg3u-00928-00219665-00219908 storyteller Jerry Wolfe these creatures
+V92Bwfizg3u-00929-00219909-00220196 include the chipmunk also known as seven
+V92Bwfizg3u-00930-00220196-00220471 stripes from an angry bear scratching
+V92Bwfizg3u-00931-00220473-00220709 him down the back for claw marks and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00932-00220710-00220958 spaces in between making seven and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00933-00220959-00221144 Copperhead who sneaks and thieves his
+V92Bwfizg3u-00934-00221144-00221360 way into becoming venomous Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-00935-00221361-00221528 folk tales are rooted in English
+V92Bwfizg3u-00936-00221529-00221771 Scottish and Irish fairy tales as well
+V92Bwfizg3u-00937-00221771-00221983 as regional heroic figures and events
+V92Bwfizg3u-00938-00221984-00222244 jack tales which tend to revolve around
+V92Bwfizg3u-00939-00222246-00222428 the exploits of a simple but dedicated
+V92Bwfizg3u-00940-00222429-00222742 figure named Jack are popular at
+V92Bwfizg3u-00941-00222744-00223004 storytelling festivals other stories
+V92Bwfizg3u-00942-00223005-00223226 involved wild animals such as hunting
+V92Bwfizg3u-00943-00223227-00223498 tales in the industrial areas of western
+V92Bwfizg3u-00944-00223500-00223712 Pennsylvania in northern West Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-00945-00223713-00223934 the composite Joe magirock Steelworkers
+V92Bwfizg3u-00946-00223935-00224221 story has been handed down regional folk
+V92Bwfizg3u-00947-00224223-00224441 heroes such as the railroad worker John
+V92Bwfizg3u-00948-00224442-00224666 Henry and frontiersman Davy Crockett
+V92Bwfizg3u-00949-00224667-00224855 Mike Fink and Johnny Appleseed are
+V92Bwfizg3u-00950-00224856-00225038 examples of real-life figures that
+V92Bwfizg3u-00951-00225039-00225271 evolved into popular folk tale subjects
+V92Bwfizg3u-00952-00225271-00225563 murder stories such as omie wise and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00953-00225564-00225767 John Hardy are popular subjects for
+V92Bwfizg3u-00954-00225767-00226046 Appalachian ballads ghost stories or
+V92Bwfizg3u-00955-00226046-00226361 cane tales in regional English are a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00956-00226362-00226553 common feature of southern oral and
+V92Bwfizg3u-00957-00226554-00226841 literary tradition ghost stories native
+V92Bwfizg3u-00958-00226842-00227017 to the region include the story of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00959-00227019-00227207 Greenbrier ghost which is rooted in a
+V92Bwfizg3u-00960-00227208-00227429 Greenbrier County West Virginia murder
+V92Bwfizg3u-00961-00227430-00227696 since the 1960s the Point Pleasant West
+V92Bwfizg3u-00962-00227696-00227896 Virginia legend of Mothman
+V92Bwfizg3u-00963-00227898-00228071 has originated and been explored in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00964-00228071-00228329 popular culture including the 2002 film
+V92Bwfizg3u-00965-00228330-00228559 the Mothman Prophecies loosely retelling
+V92Bwfizg3u-00966-00228560-00229019 the original tale
+V92Bwfizg3u-00967-00229021-00229469 urban Appalachian 's
+V92Bwfizg3u-00968-00229469-00229694 urban Appalachian Czar people from
+V92Bwfizg3u-00969-00229694-00229826 Appalachia who are living in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00970-00229827-00229994 metropolitan areas outside the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00971-00229994-00230248 Appalachian region in the decades
+V92Bwfizg3u-00972-00230250-00230417 following the Great Depression and World
+V92Bwfizg3u-00973-00230417-00230513 War two
+V92Bwfizg3u-00974-00230514-00230705 many Appalachian residents moved to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00975-00230706-00230879 industrial cities in the north and west
+V92Bwfizg3u-00976-00230880-00231080 in a migration that became known as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-00977-00231081-00231431 hillbilly highway mechanization of coal
+V92Bwfizg3u-00978-00231432-00231740 mining during the 1950s and 1960s was
+V92Bwfizg3u-00979-00231741-00231917 the major source of unemployment in
+V92Bwfizg3u-00980-00231917-00232187 Central Appalachia many migration
+V92Bwfizg3u-00981-00232188-00232357 streams covered relatively short
+V92Bwfizg3u-00982-00232358-00232582 distances with West Virginians moving to
+V92Bwfizg3u-00983-00232583-00232771 Cleveland and other cities in Eastern
+V92Bwfizg3u-00984-00232773-00233003 and Central Ohio in Eastern Kentuckians
+V92Bwfizg3u-00985-00233004-00233204 moving to Cincinnati and Southwest Ohio
+V92Bwfizg3u-00986-00233205-00233521 in search of jobs more distant cities
+V92Bwfizg3u-00987-00233523-00233719 like Detroit and Chicago attracted
+V92Bwfizg3u-00988-00233721-00234005 migrants from many states enclaves of
+V92Bwfizg3u-00989-00234006-00234194 Appalachian culture can still be found
+V92Bwfizg3u-00990-00234194-00234608 in some of these communities
+V92Bwfizg3u-00991-00234609-00235127 topic communications
+V92Bwfizg3u-00992-00235128-00235478 in the 1940s through the 1960s Wheeling
+V92Bwfizg3u-00993-00235479-00235717 West Virginia became a cultural center
+V92Bwfizg3u-00994-00235719-00235883 of the region because it had a clear
+V92Bwfizg3u-00995-00235884-00236216 channel AM radio station WWV a which
+V92Bwfizg3u-00996-00236217-00236375 could be heard throughout the entirety
+V92Bwfizg3u-00997-00236376-00236567 of the eastern United States at night
+V92Bwfizg3u-00998-00236567-00236882 although Pittsburgh's KDKA was a 50
+V92Bwfizg3u-00999-00236883-00237071 kilowatt Clear Channel station that
+V92Bwfizg3u-01000-00237071-00237335 dated back to the early 1920s as well as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01001-00237336-00237527 spanning all the east coast in signal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01002-00237528-00237815 strength WWV a prided itself on rural
+V92Bwfizg3u-01003-00237816-00238001 and farm programming that appealed to a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01004-00238002-00238225 wider audience in the rural region
+V92Bwfizg3u-01005-00238226-00239017 Cincinnati's WLWT in the southern part
+V92Bwfizg3u-01006-00239019-00239378 of the region WSB AM Atlanta and WSM AM
+V92Bwfizg3u-01007-00239379-00239585 Nashville flagship of the Grand Ole Opry
+V92Bwfizg3u-01008-00239586-00239807 were major stations for the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-01009-00239808-00240026 population during the 20th century and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01010-00240027-00240467 remained strong in the sub region
+V92Bwfizg3u-01011-00240469-00241032 topic Appalachian studies
+V92Bwfizg3u-01012-00241033-00241282 appalachia as an academic interest was
+V92Bwfizg3u-01013-00241283-00241450 the product of a critical scholarship
+V92Bwfizg3u-01014-00241451-00241651 that emerged across the disciplines in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01015-00241652-00242005 the 1960s and 1970s with a renewed
+V92Bwfizg3u-01016-00242006-00242227 interest in issues of power scholars
+V92Bwfizg3u-01017-00242228-00242419 could not dismiss the social inequity
+V92Bwfizg3u-01018-00242419-00242614 class conflict and environmental
+V92Bwfizg3u-01019-00242615-00242796 destruction encountered by America's
+V92Bwfizg3u-01020-00242798-00243096 so-called hillbillies appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01021-00243098-00243328 emergence in academia as a result of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01022-00243329-00243535 intersection between social conditions
+V92Bwfizg3u-01023-00243536-00243757 and critical academic interests and has
+V92Bwfizg3u-01024-00243758-00243925 resulted in the development of many
+V92Bwfizg3u-01025-00243926-00244167 Appalachian Studies programs in colleges
+V92Bwfizg3u-01026-00244169-00244363 and universities across the region as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01027-00244364-00244534 well as in the Appalachian Studies
+V92Bwfizg3u-01028-00244535-00244915 Association
+V92Bwfizg3u-01029-00244916-00245423 topic economy
+V92Bwfizg3u-01030-00245425-00245694 the economy of Appalachia traditionally
+V92Bwfizg3u-01031-00245694-00245942 rested on agriculture mining timber and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01032-00245944-00246219 in the city's manufacturing since the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01033-00246219-00246459 late 20th century tourism and second
+V92Bwfizg3u-01034-00246460-00246609 home developments have assumed an
+V92Bwfizg3u-01035-00246610-00247092 increasingly major role
+V92Bwfizg3u-01036-00247094-00247603 topic agriculture
+V92Bwfizg3u-01037-00247604-00247807 while the climate of the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01038-00247808-00248011 region is suitable for agriculture the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01039-00248012-00248200 region's hilly terrain greatly limits
+V92Bwfizg3u-01040-00248201-00248413 the size of the average farm a problem
+V92Bwfizg3u-01041-00248414-00248641 exacerbated by population growth in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01042-00248642-00248871 latter half of the 19th century
+V92Bwfizg3u-01043-00248871-00249096 subsistence farming was the backbone of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01044-00249098-00249298 the Appalachian economy throughout much
+V92Bwfizg3u-01045-00249298-00249430 of the 19th century
+V92Bwfizg3u-01046-00249431-00249640 and while economies in places such as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01047-00249641-00249859 western Pennsylvania the Great Valley of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01048-00249860-00250048 Virginia in the upper Tennessee Valley
+V92Bwfizg3u-01049-00250048-00250246 in East Tennessee transitioned to a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01050-00250246-00250462 large-scale farming or manufacturing
+V92Bwfizg3u-01051-00250463-00250623 base around the time of the Civil War
+V92Bwfizg3u-01052-00250623-00250816 subsistence farming remained an
+V92Bwfizg3u-01053-00250817-00250966 important part of the region's economy
+V92Bwfizg3u-01054-00250967-00251323 until the 1950s in the early 20th
+V92Bwfizg3u-01055-00251323-00251517 century Appalachian farmers were
+V92Bwfizg3u-01056-00251519-00251707 struggling to mechanize and abusive
+V92Bwfizg3u-01057-00251708-00251866 farming practices had over the years
+V92Bwfizg3u-01058-00251867-00252028 left much of the already limited
+V92Bwfizg3u-01059-00252029-00252358 farmland badly eroded various federal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01060-00252359-00252592 entities intervened in the 1930s to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01061-00252592-00252819 restore damaged areas and introduce less
+V92Bwfizg3u-01062-00252821-00253098 harmful farming techniques in recent
+V92Bwfizg3u-01063-00253100-00253296 decades the concept of sustainable
+V92Bwfizg3u-01064-00253298-00253471 agriculture has been applied to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01065-00253471-00253692 region's small farms with some success
+V92Bwfizg3u-01066-00253692-00253966 nevertheless the number of farms in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01067-00253967-00254155 Appalachian region continues to dwindle
+V92Bwfizg3u-01068-00254156-00254683 plunging from 350 4748 farms on 47
+V92Bwfizg3u-01069-00254684-00254983 million acres 190,000 square kilometers
+V92Bwfizg3u-01070-00254984-00255417 in 1969 to 230,000 50 farms on 35
+V92Bwfizg3u-01071-00255419-00255730 million acres 140,000 square kilometers
+V92Bwfizg3u-01072-00255731-00256042 in 1997 early Appalachian farmers grew
+V92Bwfizg3u-01073-00256042-00256228 both crops introduced from their native
+V92Bwfizg3u-01074-00256229-00256423 Europe as well as crops native to North
+V92Bwfizg3u-01075-00256423-00256741 America such as corn and squash tobacco
+V92Bwfizg3u-01076-00256742-00256966 has long been an important cash crop in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01077-00256967-00257188 southern Appalachia especially since the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01078-00257189-00257386 land is ill-suited for cash crops such
+V92Bwfizg3u-01079-00257387-00257638 as cotton apples have been grown in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01080-00257639-00257869 region since the late 18th century their
+V92Bwfizg3u-01081-00257869-00258069 cultivation being aided by the presence
+V92Bwfizg3u-01082-00258071-00258214 of thermal belts in the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-01083-00258215-00258466 mountain valleys hogs which could
+V92Bwfizg3u-01084-00258467-00258616 free-range in the region's abundant
+V92Bwfizg3u-01085-00258617-00258853 forests often on chestnuts were the most
+V92Bwfizg3u-01086-00258854-00259015 popular livestock among early
+V92Bwfizg3u-01087-00259016-00259285 Appalachian farmers the American
+V92Bwfizg3u-01088-00259286-00259471 chestnut was also an important human
+V92Bwfizg3u-01089-00259471-00259663 food source until the chestnut blight
+V92Bwfizg3u-01090-00259664-00259948 struck in the 20th century the early
+V92Bwfizg3u-01091-00259948-00260125 settlers also brought cattle and sheep
+V92Bwfizg3u-01092-00260126-00260314 to the region which they would typically
+V92Bwfizg3u-01093-00260315-00260515 graze in Highland Meadows known as bald
+V92Bwfizg3u-01094-00260516-00260665 during the growing season when
+V92Bwfizg3u-01095-00260666-00260913 bottomland were needed for crops
+V92Bwfizg3u-01096-00260914-00261146 cattle mainly the Hereford Angus and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01097-00261148-00261339 Charolais breeds are now the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-01098-00261340-00261785 chief livestock
+V92Bwfizg3u-01099-00261786-00262175 pick logging
+V92Bwfizg3u-01100-00262176-00262400 the mountains and valleys of Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01101-00262401-00262571 once contained what seemed to be an
+V92Bwfizg3u-01102-00262572-00262862 inexhaustible supply of timber the poor
+V92Bwfizg3u-01103-00262863-00263078 roads lack of railroads and general
+V92Bwfizg3u-01104-00263079-00263264 inaccessibility of the region however
+V92Bwfizg3u-01105-00263265-00263507 prevented large-scale logging in most of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01106-00263508-00263675 the region throughout much of the 19th
+V92Bwfizg3u-01107-00263676-00263912 century while logging firms were
+V92Bwfizg3u-01108-00263913-00264098 established in the Carolinas in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01109-00264099-00264296 Kentucky River Valley before the Civil
+V92Bwfizg3u-01110-00264297-00264497 War most major firms preferred to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01111-00264498-00264662 harvest the more accessible timber
+V92Bwfizg3u-01112-00264663-00264800 stands in the Midwestern and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01113-00264801-00265052 northeastern parts of the country by the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01114-00265053-00265277 1880s these stands had been exhausted
+V92Bwfizg3u-01115-00265278-00265490 and a spike in the demand for lumber
+V92Bwfizg3u-01116-00265491-00265670 forced logging firms to seek out the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01117-00265671-00265829 virgin forests of Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01118-00265830-00266087 the first major logging ventures in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01119-00266088-00266330 Appalachia transported logs using mule
+V92Bwfizg3u-01120-00266331-00266495 teams or rivers the latter method
+V92Bwfizg3u-01121-00266496-00266813 sometimes employing splash dams in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01122-00266814-00267050 1890s innovations such as the Shay
+V92Bwfizg3u-01123-00267051-00267251 locomotive the steam-powered loader and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01124-00267252-00267404 the steam-powered skidder allowed
+V92Bwfizg3u-01125-00267405-00267590 massive harvesting of the most remote
+V92Bwfizg3u-01126-00267591-00267797 forest sections logging in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01127-00267798-00268001 reached its peak in the early 20th
+V92Bwfizg3u-01128-00268002-00268184 century when firms such as the Ritter
+V92Bwfizg3u-01129-00268185-00268406 Lumber Company cut the virgin forests on
+V92Bwfizg3u-01130-00268407-00268568 an alarming scale leading to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01131-00268569-00268841 creation of national forests in 1911 and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01132-00268842-00269030 similar state entities to better manage
+V92Bwfizg3u-01133-00269031-00269315 the region's timber resources arguably
+V92Bwfizg3u-01134-00269316-00269510 the most successful logging firm in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01135-00269511-00269702 Appalachia was the Georgia hardwood
+V92Bwfizg3u-01136-00269703-00270014 lumber company established in 1927 and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01137-00270015-00270290 renamed Georgia Pacific in 1948 when it
+V92Bwfizg3u-01138-00270291-00270412 expanded nationally
+V92Bwfizg3u-01139-00270413-00270677 although logging in Appalachia declined
+V92Bwfizg3u-01140-00270678-00270875 as the industry shifted focus to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01141-00270876-00271154 Pacific Northwest in the 1950s rising
+V92Bwfizg3u-01142-00271155-00271379 overseas demand in the 1980s brought a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01143-00271380-00271651 resurgence in Appalachian logging in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01144-00271652-00272012 1987 there were 4810 lumber firms
+V92Bwfizg3u-01145-00272013-00272255 operating in the region in the late
+V92Bwfizg3u-01146-00272256-00272489 1990s the Appalachian lumber industry
+V92Bwfizg3u-01147-00272490-00272665 was a multi-billion dollar industry
+V92Bwfizg3u-01148-00272666-00272977 employing 50,000 people in Tennessee
+V92Bwfizg3u-01149-00272978-00273287 26,000 in Kentucky and 12,000 in West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01150-00273288-00273734 Virginia alone by 1999 1.4 million acres
+V92Bwfizg3u-01151-00273735-00273896 were extinguished as a result of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01152-00273897-00274091 deforestation by natural resource
+V92Bwfizg3u-01153-00274092-00274340 industries pollution from mining
+V92Bwfizg3u-01154-00274341-00274550 processes and disruption of the land and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01155-00274551-00274771 sued numerous environmental issues
+V92Bwfizg3u-01156-00274772-00274985 removal of vegetation and other
+V92Bwfizg3u-01157-00274986-00275168 alterations in the land increased
+V92Bwfizg3u-01158-00275169-00275339 erosion and flooding of surrounding
+V92Bwfizg3u-01159-00275340-00275410 areas
+V92Bwfizg3u-01160-00275411-00275701 water quality and aquatic life were also
+V92Bwfizg3u-01161-00275702-00276084 affected
+V92Bwfizg3u-01162-00276085-00276506 topic coal-mining
+V92Bwfizg3u-01163-00276507-00276731 coal mining is the industry most
+V92Bwfizg3u-01164-00276732-00276938 frequently associated with the region in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01165-00276939-00277151 outsiders mines due in part to the fact
+V92Bwfizg3u-01166-00277152-00277343 that the region once produced two-thirds
+V92Bwfizg3u-01167-00277344-00277604 of the nation's coal at present however
+V92Bwfizg3u-01168-00277605-00277892 the mining industry employs just 2% of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01169-00277893-00278156 the Appalachian workforce the region's
+V92Bwfizg3u-01170-00278157-00278405 vast coal field covers 63 thousand
+V92Bwfizg3u-01171-00278406-00278657 square miles 160 thousand square
+V92Bwfizg3u-01172-00278658-00278876 kilometres between northern Pennsylvania
+V92Bwfizg3u-01173-00278877-00279086 and central Alabama mostly along the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01174-00279087-00279263 Cumberland Plateau and Allegheny plateau
+V92Bwfizg3u-01175-00279264-00279587 regions most mining activity has been
+V92Bwfizg3u-01176-00279588-00279757 concentrated in Eastern Kentucky
+V92Bwfizg3u-01177-00279758-00280025 southwestern Virginia West Virginia and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01178-00280026-00280211 western Pennsylvania with smaller
+V92Bwfizg3u-01179-00280212-00280424 operations in Western Maryland Tennessee
+V92Bwfizg3u-01180-00280425-00280715 and Alabama the Pittsburgh coal seam
+V92Bwfizg3u-01181-00280716-00280934 which has produced 13 billion tons of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01182-00280935-00281159 coal since the early 19th century has
+V92Bwfizg3u-01183-00281160-00281312 been called the world's most valuable
+V92Bwfizg3u-01184-00281313-00281642 mineral deposit there are over 60 major
+V92Bwfizg3u-01185-00281643-00281885 coal seams in West Virginia and over 80
+V92Bwfizg3u-01186-00281886-00282155 in Eastern Kentucky most of the coal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01187-00282156-00282377 mined is bituminous although significant
+V92Bwfizg3u-01188-00282378-00282584 anthracite deposits exist on the fringe
+V92Bwfizg3u-01189-00282585-00282769 of the region in central Pennsylvania
+V92Bwfizg3u-01190-00282770-00283055 about two-thirds of Appalachian coal is
+V92Bwfizg3u-01191-00283056-00283256 produced by underground mining the rest
+V92Bwfizg3u-01192-00283257-00283550 by surface mining mountaintop removal a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01193-00283551-00283754 form of surface mining is a highly
+V92Bwfizg3u-01194-00283755-00283970 controversial mining practice in Central
+V92Bwfizg3u-01195-00283971-00284189 Appalachia due to its negative impacts
+V92Bwfizg3u-01196-00284190-00284369 on the environment and health of local
+V92Bwfizg3u-01197-00284370-00284600 residents in the late 19th century the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01198-00284601-00284837 post-civil war industrial revolution and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01199-00284838-00285002 the expansion of the nation's railroads
+V92Bwfizg3u-01200-00285003-00285215 brought a soaring demand for coal and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01201-00285216-00285398 mining operations expanded rapidly
+V92Bwfizg3u-01202-00285399-00285710 across Appalachia hundreds of thousands
+V92Bwfizg3u-01203-00285711-00285890 of workers poured into the region from
+V92Bwfizg3u-01204-00285891-00286061 across the United States and from
+V92Bwfizg3u-01205-00286062-00286271 overseas essentially overhauling the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01206-00286272-00286499 cultural makeup of Eastern Kentucky West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01207-00286500-00286805 Virginia and western Pennsylvania mining
+V92Bwfizg3u-01208-00286806-00286937 corporations gained considerable
+V92Bwfizg3u-01209-00286938-00287159 influence in state and municipal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01210-00287160-00287342 governments especially as they often
+V92Bwfizg3u-01211-00287343-00287522 owned the entire towns in which the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01212-00287523-00287783 miners lived the mining industry was
+V92Bwfizg3u-01213-00287784-00288014 vulnerable to economic downturns however
+V92Bwfizg3u-01214-00288015-00288230 and booms and busts were frequent with
+V92Bwfizg3u-01215-00288231-00288419 major booms occurring during World War
+V92Bwfizg3u-01216-00288420-00288632 one and two and the worst bust occurring
+V92Bwfizg3u-01217-00288633-00288793 during the Great Depression the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01218-00288794-00289043 Appalachian mining industry also saw
+V92Bwfizg3u-01219-00289044-00289211 some of the nation's bloodiest labor
+V92Bwfizg3u-01220-00289212-00289522 strife between the 1890s and the 1930s
+V92Bwfizg3u-01221-00289523-00289784 mining related injuries and deaths were
+V92Bwfizg3u-01222-00289785-00289886 not uncommon
+V92Bwfizg3u-01223-00289887-00290024 elements such as black lung disease
+V92Bwfizg3u-01224-00290025-00290252 afflicted minors throughout the 20th
+V92Bwfizg3u-01225-00290253-00290564 century after World War two innovations
+V92Bwfizg3u-01226-00290565-00290780 in mechanization such as lung wall
+V92Bwfizg3u-01227-00290781-00290972 mining and competition from oil and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01228-00290973-00291170 natural gas led to a decline in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01229-00291171-00291479 region's mining operations environmental
+V92Bwfizg3u-01230-00291480-00291668 restrictions such as those placed on
+V92Bwfizg3u-01231-00291669-00291893 high sulfur coal in the 1980s brought
+V92Bwfizg3u-01232-00291894-00292169 further mine closures while with annual
+V92Bwfizg3u-01233-00292170-00292490 earnings of $55,000 Appalachian miners
+V92Bwfizg3u-01234-00292491-00292691 make more than most other local workers
+V92Bwfizg3u-01235-00292692-00292907 Appalachian coal mining employed just
+V92Bwfizg3u-01236-00292908-00293207 under 50,000 in 2004 coal mining has
+V92Bwfizg3u-01237-00293208-00293393 made a comeback in some regions in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01238-00293394-00293594 early 21st century because of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01239-00293595-00293804 increased prominence of console energy
+V92Bwfizg3u-01240-00293805-00294068 based in Pittsburgh the Quai Creek mine
+V92Bwfizg3u-01241-00294069-00294323 rescue in 2002 and continuing mine
+V92Bwfizg3u-01242-00294324-00294536 subsidence problems in abandoned coal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01243-00294537-00294758 mines in western Pennsylvania as well as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01244-00294759-00294950 the sago mine disaster and Upper Big
+V92Bwfizg3u-01245-00294951-00295175 Branch mine disaster in West Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01246-00295176-00295340 and other regions have also been
+V92Bwfizg3u-01247-00295341-00295760 highlighted in recent times
+V92Bwfizg3u-01248-00295761-00296267 topic manufacturing
+V92Bwfizg3u-01249-00296268-00296522 the manufacturing industry in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01250-00296523-00296759 is rooted primarily in the ironworks and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01251-00296760-00296927 steel works of early Pittsburg in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01252-00296928-00297137 Birmingham and in the textile mills that
+V92Bwfizg3u-01253-00297138-00297338 sprang up in North Carolina's Piedmont
+V92Bwfizg3u-01254-00297339-00297641 region in the mid 19th century factory
+V92Bwfizg3u-01255-00297642-00297851 construction increased greatly after the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01256-00297852-00298052 Civil War and the region experienced a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01257-00298053-00298364 manufacturing boom between 1890 and 1930
+V92Bwfizg3u-01258-00298365-00298631 this economic shift led to a mass
+V92Bwfizg3u-01259-00298632-00298841 migration from small farms and rural
+V92Bwfizg3u-01260-00298842-00299093 areas to large urban centers causing the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01261-00299094-00299287 populations of cities such as Birmingham
+V92Bwfizg3u-01262-00299288-00299555 Knoxville Tennessee and Asheville North
+V92Bwfizg3u-01263-00299556-00299821 Carolina to swell exponentially
+V92Bwfizg3u-01264-00299822-00300035 manufacturing in the region suffered a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01265-00300036-00300230 setback during the Great Depression but
+V92Bwfizg3u-01266-00300231-00300440 recovered during World War 2 and peaked
+V92Bwfizg3u-01267-00300441-00300775 in the 1950s and 1960s however
+V92Bwfizg3u-01268-00300776-00301022 difficulties paying retiree benefits
+V92Bwfizg3u-01269-00301023-00301238 environmental struggles and the signing
+V92Bwfizg3u-01270-00301239-00301361 of the North American Free Trade
+V92Bwfizg3u-01271-00301362-00301442 Agreement
+V92Bwfizg3u-01272-00301443-00301727 NAFTA in 1994 led to a decline in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01273-00301728-00301945 region's manufacturing operations
+V92Bwfizg3u-01274-00301946-00302219 Pittsburgh lost 44 percent of its
+V92Bwfizg3u-01275-00302220-00302470 factory jobs in the 1980s and between
+V92Bwfizg3u-01276-00302471-00302783 1970 and 2001 the number of apparel
+V92Bwfizg3u-01277-00302784-00302921 workers in the Appalachian region
+V92Bwfizg3u-01278-00302922-00303305 decreased from 250,000 to 83,000 and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01279-00303306-00303523 number of textile workers decreased from
+V92Bwfizg3u-01280-00303524-00304040 275 thousand to 193 thousand US Steel
+V92Bwfizg3u-01281-00304041-00304307 founded in Pittsburgh in 1901 was the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01282-00304308-00304499 world's first corporation with more than
+V92Bwfizg3u-01283-00304500-00304646 a billion dollars in initial
+V92Bwfizg3u-01284-00304647-00304889 capitalization another Pittsburgh
+V92Bwfizg3u-01285-00304890-00305111 company Alcoa helped establish the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01286-00305112-00305309 nation's aluminum industry in the early
+V92Bwfizg3u-01287-00305310-00305537 20th century and has had a significant
+V92Bwfizg3u-01288-00305538-00305723 impact on the economies of western
+V92Bwfizg3u-01289-00305724-00306005 Pennsylvania in East Tennessee Union
+V92Bwfizg3u-01290-00306006-00306163 Carbide built the world's first
+V92Bwfizg3u-01291-00306164-00306401 petrochemical plant in Clendenen West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01292-00306402-00306677 Virginia in 1920 and in subsequent years
+V92Bwfizg3u-01293-00306678-00306893 the Kanawha Valley became known as the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01294-00306894-00307244 chemical capital of the world Eastman
+V92Bwfizg3u-01295-00307245-00307520 Chemical also established in 1920 is
+V92Bwfizg3u-01296-00307521-00307750 Tennessee's largest single employer
+V92Bwfizg3u-01297-00307751-00308012 companies such as champion fiber and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01298-00308013-00308066 Bowater
+V92Bwfizg3u-01299-00308067-00308285 established large pulp operations in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01300-00308286-00308504 Canton North Carolina and Greenville
+V92Bwfizg3u-01301-00308505-00308738 South Carolina respectively although the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01302-00308739-00308897 former was dogged by battles with
+V92Bwfizg3u-01303-00308898-00309086 environmentalists throughout the 20th
+V92Bwfizg3u-01304-00309087-00309409 century
+V92Bwfizg3u-01305-00309410-00309741 topic tourism
+V92Bwfizg3u-01306-00309742-00309888 you
+V92Bwfizg3u-01307-00309889-00310089 one of the region's oldest industries
+V92Bwfizg3u-01308-00310090-00310328 tourism became a more important part of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01309-00310329-00310502 the Appalachian economy in the latter
+V92Bwfizg3u-01310-00310503-00310730 half of the 20th century as mining and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01311-00310731-00311045 manufacturing steadily declined in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01312-00311046-00311279 2000-2001 tourism in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01313-00311280-00311456 accounted for nearly thirty billion
+V92Bwfizg3u-01314-00311457-00311664 dollars and over six hundred thousand
+V92Bwfizg3u-01315-00311665-00311954 jobs the mountain terrain with its
+V92Bwfizg3u-01316-00311955-00312120 accompanying scenery and outdoor
+V92Bwfizg3u-01317-00312121-00312375 recreational opportunities provide the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01318-00312376-00312659 region's primary attractions the region
+V92Bwfizg3u-01319-00312660-00312846 is home to one of the world's most well
+V92Bwfizg3u-01320-00312847-00313044 known hiking trails the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01321-00313045-00313229 Trail the nation's most visited national
+V92Bwfizg3u-01322-00313230-00313454 park the Great Smoky Mountains National
+V92Bwfizg3u-01323-00313455-00313682 Park and the nation's most visited
+V92Bwfizg3u-01324-00313683-00313898 national park way the Blue Ridge Parkway
+V92Bwfizg3u-01325-00313899-00314159 the craft industry including the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01326-00314160-00314327 teaching selling and display our
+V92Bwfizg3u-01327-00314328-00314579 demonstration of regional crafts also
+V92Bwfizg3u-01328-00314580-00314742 accounts for an important part of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01329-00314743-00314970 Appalachian economy bringing for example
+V92Bwfizg3u-01330-00314971-00315213 over 100 million dollars annually to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01331-00315214-00315428 economy of Western North Carolina and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01332-00315429-00315602 over 80 million dollars to the economy
+V92Bwfizg3u-01333-00315603-00315888 of West Virginia important heritage
+V92Bwfizg3u-01334-00315889-00316089 tourism attractions in the region
+V92Bwfizg3u-01335-00316090-00316259 include the Biltmore Estate and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01336-00316260-00316419 Eastern Band of the Cherokee reservation
+V92Bwfizg3u-01337-00316420-00316577 in North Carolina
+V92Bwfizg3u-01338-00316578-00316791 Cades Cove in Tennessee and Harpers
+V92Bwfizg3u-01339-00316792-00317078 Ferry in West Virginia important theme
+V92Bwfizg3u-01340-00317079-00317292 parks include Dollywood and ghost town
+V92Bwfizg3u-01341-00317293-00317472 village both on the periphery of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01342-00317473-00317772 Great Smoky Mountains the mineral rich
+V92Bwfizg3u-01343-00317773-00317960 mountain Springs of the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01344-00317961-00318149 which for many years were thought to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01345-00318150-00318377 have health restoring qualities we're
+V92Bwfizg3u-01346-00318378-00318570 drawing visitors to the region as early
+V92Bwfizg3u-01347-00318571-00318725 as the 18th century with the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01348-00318726-00318908 establishment of resorts at Hot Springs
+V92Bwfizg3u-01349-00318909-00319154 Virginia White Sulphur Springs West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01350-00319155-00319368 Virginia and what is now hot springs
+V92Bwfizg3u-01351-00319369-00319644 North Carolina along with the Mineral
+V92Bwfizg3u-01352-00319645-00319848 Springs the cool and clear air of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01353-00319849-00320040 ranges high elevations provided an
+V92Bwfizg3u-01354-00320041-00320241 escape for lowland elites and elaborate
+V92Bwfizg3u-01355-00320242-00320483 hotels such as the Greenbrier in West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01356-00320484-00320702 Virginia and the balsam Mountain Inn in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01357-00320703-00320909 North Carolina were built throughout the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01358-00320910-00321096 region's remote valleys and mountain
+V92Bwfizg3u-01359-00321097-00321383 slopes the end of World War 1 which
+V92Bwfizg3u-01360-00321384-00321605 opened up travel opportunities to Europe
+V92Bwfizg3u-01361-00321606-00321792 and the arrival of the automobile which
+V92Bwfizg3u-01362-00321793-00322010 changed the nation's vacation habits led
+V92Bwfizg3u-01363-00322011-00322188 to the demise of all but a few of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01364-00322189-00322473 region's spa resorts the establishment
+V92Bwfizg3u-01365-00322474-00322716 of national parks in the 1930s brought
+V92Bwfizg3u-01366-00322717-00322914 an explosion of tourist traffic to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01367-00322915-00323126 region but created problems with urban
+V92Bwfizg3u-01368-00323127-00323272 sprawl in the various host
+V92Bwfizg3u-01369-00323273-00323527 communities in the late 20th and early
+V92Bwfizg3u-01370-00323528-00323776 21st centuries states have placed
+V92Bwfizg3u-01371-00323777-00323983 greater focus on sustaining tourism
+V92Bwfizg3u-01372-00323984-00324417 while preserving host communities
+V92Bwfizg3u-01373-00324418-00324971 topic poverty in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01374-00324972-00325226 poverty had plagued Appalachia for many
+V92Bwfizg3u-01375-00325227-00325376 years but was not brought to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01376-00325377-00325544 attention of the rest of the United
+V92Bwfizg3u-01377-00325545-00325817 States until 1940 when James Agee and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01378-00325818-00326045 Walker Evans published let us now praise
+V92Bwfizg3u-01379-00326046-00326258 famous men a book that documented
+V92Bwfizg3u-01380-00326259-00326444 families in Appalachia during the Great
+V92Bwfizg3u-01381-00326445-00326819 Depression in words and photos in 1963
+V92Bwfizg3u-01382-00326820-00327002 John F Kennedy established the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01383-00327003-00327158 president's Appalachian Regional
+V92Bwfizg3u-01384-00327159-00327419 Commission his successor lyndon b
+V92Bwfizg3u-01385-00327420-00327641 johnson crystallized kennedy's efforts
+V92Bwfizg3u-01386-00327642-00327824 in the form of the Appalachian Regional
+V92Bwfizg3u-01387-00327825-00328076 Commission which passed into law in 1965
+V92Bwfizg3u-01388-00328077-00328337 in Appalachia severe poverty and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01389-00328338-00328483 desolation were paired with the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01390-00328484-00328649 necessity for careful cultural
+V92Bwfizg3u-01391-00328650-00328933 sensitivity many Appalachian people
+V92Bwfizg3u-01392-00328934-00329059 feared that the birth of a new
+V92Bwfizg3u-01393-00329060-00329249 modernized Appalachia would lead to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01394-00329250-00329399 death of their traditional values and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01395-00329400-00329690 heritage because of the isolation of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01396-00329691-00329876 region Appalachian people had been
+V92Bwfizg3u-01397-00329877-00330053 unable to catch up to the modernization
+V92Bwfizg3u-01398-00330054-00330314 that lowlanders have achieved in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01399-00330315-00330596 1960s many people in Appalachia had a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01400-00330597-00330779 standard of living comparable to third
+V92Bwfizg3u-01401-00330780-00331103 world countries the film series West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01402-00331104-00331343 Virginia produced during the term of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01403-00331344-00331580 governor Gaston Caperton makes the point
+V92Bwfizg3u-01404-00331581-00331769 that at least on some level images of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01405-00331770-00332027 poverty were contrived lyndon b johnson
+V92Bwfizg3u-01406-00332028-00332402 declared a war on poverty while standing
+V92Bwfizg3u-01407-00332403-00332546 on the front porch of an ionized
+V92Bwfizg3u-01408-00332547-00332747 kentucky home whose residents had been
+V92Bwfizg3u-01409-00332748-00332930 suffering from a long ignored problem
+V92Bwfizg3u-01410-00332931-00333203 the Appalachian Regional Development Act
+V92Bwfizg3u-01411-00333204-00333623 of 1965 stated the Appalachian region of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01412-00333624-00333800 the United States while abundant in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01413-00333801-00334025 natural resources and rich in potential
+V92Bwfizg3u-01414-00334026-00334300 lags behind the rest of the nation
+V92Bwfizg3u-01415-00334301-00334540 it's people have not shared properly in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01416-00334541-00334810 the nation's prosperity since the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01417-00334811-00334996 creation of the Appalachian Regional
+V92Bwfizg3u-01418-00334997-00335290 Commission arc in 1965 the region has
+V92Bwfizg3u-01419-00335291-00335599 seen dramatic progress new roads schools
+V92Bwfizg3u-01420-00335600-00335845 health care facilities water and sewer
+V92Bwfizg3u-01421-00335846-00336028 systems and other improvements have
+V92Bwfizg3u-01422-00336029-00336157 brought a better life to many
+V92Bwfizg3u-01423-00336158-00336580 Appalachian residents in the 1960s 219
+V92Bwfizg3u-01424-00336581-00336796 counties in the 13 state Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01425-00336797-00336964 region were considered economically
+V92Bwfizg3u-01426-00336965-00337252 distressed now that list has been cut by
+V92Bwfizg3u-01427-00337253-00337480 more than half to 82 counties but these
+V92Bwfizg3u-01428-00337481-00337765 are hard core pockets of poverty
+V92Bwfizg3u-01429-00337766-00337987 seemingly impervious to all efforts at
+V92Bwfizg3u-01430-00337988-00338233 improving their lot Martin County
+V92Bwfizg3u-01431-00338234-00338506 Kentucky the site of Johnson's 1964
+V92Bwfizg3u-01432-00338507-00338734 speech is one such County still ranked
+V92Bwfizg3u-01433-00338735-00339127 as distressed by the arc as of 2000 the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01434-00339128-00339343 per capita income in Martin County was
+V92Bwfizg3u-01435-00339344-00339556 ten thousand six hundred fifty dollars
+V92Bwfizg3u-01436-00339557-00339802 and 37 percent of its residents lived
+V92Bwfizg3u-01437-00339803-00340093 below the poverty line like Johnson
+V92Bwfizg3u-01438-00340094-00340276 President Bill Clinton brought attention
+V92Bwfizg3u-01439-00340277-00340477 to the remaining areas of poverty in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01440-00340478-00340855 Appalachia on July 5th 1999 he made a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01441-00340856-00341017 public statement concerning the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01442-00341018-00341341 situation in Tyner Kentucky Clinton told
+V92Bwfizg3u-01443-00341342-00341647 the enthusiastic crowd I'm here to make
+V92Bwfizg3u-01444-00341648-00341914 a simple point this is the time to bring
+V92Bwfizg3u-01445-00341915-00342130 more jobs and investment to parts of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01446-00342131-00342313 country that have not participated in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01447-00342314-00342589 this time of prosperity any work that
+V92Bwfizg3u-01448-00342590-00342805 can be done by anybody in America can be
+V92Bwfizg3u-01449-00342806-00343117 done in Appalachia the region's poverty
+V92Bwfizg3u-01450-00343118-00343297 has been documented often since the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01451-00343298-00343675 early 1960s john cowan documents rural
+V92Bwfizg3u-01452-00343676-00343843 lifestyle and culture in the high
+V92Bwfizg3u-01453-00343844-00344038 lonesome sound while photojournalist
+V92Bwfizg3u-01454-00344039-00344203 Earl daughter has been visiting and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01455-00344204-00344401 documenting poverty healthcare and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01456-00344402-00344634 mining in Appalachia for nearly 40 years
+V92Bwfizg3u-01457-00344635-00344944 another photojournalist Shelby Lee Adams
+V92Bwfizg3u-01458-00344945-00345127 has been photographing Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01459-00345128-00345658 families and lifestyle for decades
+V92Bwfizg3u-01460-00345659-00345901 topic tax revenue and absentee land
+V92Bwfizg3u-01461-00345902-00346272 ownership
+V92Bwfizg3u-01462-00346273-00346605 in 1982 a seven-volume study conducted
+V92Bwfizg3u-01463-00346606-00346818 by the Appalachian landownership task
+V92Bwfizg3u-01464-00346819-00347007 force was issued by the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01465-00347008-00347139 Regional Commission which investigated
+V92Bwfizg3u-01466-00347140-00347484 the issue of absentee land ownership the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01467-00347485-00347706 study covered 80 counties in six states
+V92Bwfizg3u-01468-00347707-00347901 approximating the area designated
+V92Bwfizg3u-01469-00347902-00348228 southern Appalachia as defined by Thomas
+V92Bwfizg3u-01470-00348229-00348582 our Ford's 1962 work the states selected
+V92Bwfizg3u-01471-00348583-00348870 were Alabama 15 counties Kentucky 12
+V92Bwfizg3u-01472-00348871-00349104 counties North Carolina 12 counties
+V92Bwfizg3u-01473-00349105-00349380 Tennessee 14 counties Virginia 12
+V92Bwfizg3u-01474-00349381-00349682 counties in West Virginia 15 counties in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01475-00349683-00350030 its summary the report stated that over
+V92Bwfizg3u-01476-00350031-00350301 55,000 parcels of property and 80
+V92Bwfizg3u-01477-00350302-00350538 counties were studied representing some
+V92Bwfizg3u-01478-00350539-00350772 20 million acres of land and mineral
+V92Bwfizg3u-01479-00350773-00350981 rights
+V92Bwfizg3u-01480-00350982-00351323 it found that 41% of the 20 million
+V92Bwfizg3u-01481-00351324-00351744 acres of land and minerals dot are held
+V92Bwfizg3u-01482-00351745-00351974 by only 50 private owners and ten
+V92Bwfizg3u-01483-00351975-00352253 government agencies the federal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01484-00352254-00352464 government as the single largest owner
+V92Bwfizg3u-01485-00352465-00352703 in Appalachia holding over two million
+V92Bwfizg3u-01486-00352704-00352992 acres the study found that the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01487-00352993-00353309 extractive industries ie timber coal etc
+V92Bwfizg3u-01488-00353310-00353579 were greatly under assessed for property
+V92Bwfizg3u-01489-00353580-00353919 tax purposes over 75 percent of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01490-00353920-00354131 mineral owners in this survey pay under
+V92Bwfizg3u-01491-00354132-00354481 25 cents per acre in property taxes in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01492-00354482-00354746 the major coal counties surveyed the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01493-00354747-00354926 average tax per ton of known coal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01494-00354927-00355164 reserves is only point zero zero zero
+V92Bwfizg3u-01495-00355165-00355491 two dollars 150 at the percent the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01496-00355492-00355709 government held lands are tax exempt but
+V92Bwfizg3u-01497-00355710-00355856 the government makes a payment in lieu
+V92Bwfizg3u-01498-00355857-00356084 of taxes which is usually less than the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01499-00356085-00356408 normal tax rates taken together the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01500-00356409-00356657 failure to tax minerals adequately the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01501-00356658-00356879 under assessment of surface lands and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01502-00356880-00357090 the revenue loss from concentrated
+V92Bwfizg3u-01503-00357091-00357329 federal holdings has a marked impact on
+V92Bwfizg3u-01504-00357330-00357620 local governments in Appalachia the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01505-00357621-00357851 effect essentially is to produce a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01506-00357852-00358085 situation in which the small owners
+V92Bwfizg3u-01507-00358086-00358295 carry a disproportionate share of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01508-00358296-00358566 tax burden B counties depend upon
+V92Bwfizg3u-01509-00358567-00358767 federal and state funds to provide
+V92Bwfizg3u-01510-00358768-00359003 revenues while the large corporate and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01511-00359004-00359198 absentee owners of the regions as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01512-00359199-00359501 resources go relatively tax free and C
+V92Bwfizg3u-01513-00359502-00359723 citizens face a poverty of needed
+V92Bwfizg3u-01514-00359724-00359937 services despite the presence in their
+V92Bwfizg3u-01515-00359938-00360141 counties of taxable property wealth
+V92Bwfizg3u-01516-00360142-00360383 especially in the form of coal and other
+V92Bwfizg3u-01517-00360384-00360800 natural resources in 2013 a similar
+V92Bwfizg3u-01518-00360801-00361007 study that concentrated solely on West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01519-00361008-00361244 Virginia found that 25 private owners
+V92Bwfizg3u-01520-00361245-00361460 hold seventeen point six percent of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01521-00361461-00361700 state's private land of 13 million acres
+V92Bwfizg3u-01522-00361701-00361985 the federal government owns 1 million
+V92Bwfizg3u-01523-00361986-00362177 one hundred thirty three thousand five
+V92Bwfizg3u-01524-00362178-00362364 hundred eighty seven acres in West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01525-00362365-00362603 Virginia seven point four percent of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01526-00362604-00362798 total state acreage of fifteen million
+V92Bwfizg3u-01527-00362799-00362991 four hundred ten thousand five hundred
+V92Bwfizg3u-01528-00362992-00363312 sixty acres in eleven counties the top
+V92Bwfizg3u-01529-00363313-00363584 ten absentee landowners own 41% to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01530-00363585-00363770 almost seventy two percent of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01531-00363771-00364195 private land in each County
+V92Bwfizg3u-01532-00364196-00364771 topic Appalachian Regional Commission
+V92Bwfizg3u-01533-00364772-00365010 the Appalachian Regional Commission Ark
+V92Bwfizg3u-01534-00365011-00365422 was created by the US Congress in 1965
+V92Bwfizg3u-01535-00365423-00365650 to bring poor areas of the thirteen US
+V92Bwfizg3u-01536-00365651-00365824 states of the Maine southern range of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01537-00365825-00365992 the Appalachian Zinn to the mainstream
+V92Bwfizg3u-01538-00365993-00366256 of the American economy the Commission
+V92Bwfizg3u-01539-00366257-00366454 is a partnership of federal state and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01540-00366455-00366652 local governments and was created to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01541-00366653-00366844 promote economic growth and improve the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01542-00366845-00367090 quality of life in the region the region
+V92Bwfizg3u-01543-00367091-00367375 is defined by the ark includes 420
+V92Bwfizg3u-01544-00367376-00367603 counties including all of West Virginia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01545-00367604-00367846 counties in 13 other states Alabama
+V92Bwfizg3u-01546-00367847-00368092 Georgia Kentucky Maryland Mississippi
+V92Bwfizg3u-01547-00368093-00368356 New York North Carolina Ohio
+V92Bwfizg3u-01548-00368357-00368602 Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee
+V92Bwfizg3u-01549-00368603-00368854 and Virginia and also eight cities in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01550-00368855-00369043 Virginia where state law makes cities
+V92Bwfizg3u-01551-00369044-00369253 administratively separate from counties
+V92Bwfizg3u-01552-00369254-00369558 the Ark is a planning research advocacy
+V92Bwfizg3u-01553-00369559-00369757 and funding organization it does not
+V92Bwfizg3u-01554-00369758-00370045 have any governing powers the arcs
+V92Bwfizg3u-01555-00370046-00370270 geographic range of coverage was defined
+V92Bwfizg3u-01556-00370271-00370441 broadly so as to cover as many
+V92Bwfizg3u-01557-00370442-00370654 economically underdeveloped areas as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01558-00370655-00370867 possible it extends well beyond the area
+V92Bwfizg3u-01559-00370868-00371113 usually thought of as Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01560-00371114-00371377 for instance parts of Alabama and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01561-00371378-00371532 Mississippi were included in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01562-00371533-00371695 Commission because of problems with
+V92Bwfizg3u-01563-00371696-00371905 unemployment and poverty similar to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01564-00371906-00372106 those in Appalachia proper and the arc
+V92Bwfizg3u-01565-00372107-00372289 region extends into the northeastern
+V92Bwfizg3u-01566-00372290-00372448 states which are not traditionally
+V92Bwfizg3u-01567-00372449-00372657 considered part of Appalachia culturally
+V92Bwfizg3u-01568-00372658-00372979 thora northern Appalachia identity has
+V92Bwfizg3u-01569-00372980-00373185 emerged in recent times in parts of both
+V92Bwfizg3u-01570-00373186-00373473 NY and PA particularly in rural areas
+V92Bwfizg3u-01571-00373474-00373798 more recently the Youngstown Ohio region
+V92Bwfizg3u-01572-00373799-00373990 was declared part of Appalachia by the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01573-00373991-00374155 arc due to the collapse of the steel
+V92Bwfizg3u-01574-00374156-00374329 industry in the region in the early
+V92Bwfizg3u-01575-00374330-00374527 1980s and the continuing unemployment
+V92Bwfizg3u-01576-00374528-00374731 problems in the region since though
+V92Bwfizg3u-01577-00374732-00374985 aside from Columbia County Ohio the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01578-00374986-00375214 Youngstown DMA isn't traditionally or
+V92Bwfizg3u-01579-00375215-00375397 culturally considered part of the region
+V92Bwfizg3u-01580-00375398-00375684 the arcs wide scope also grew out of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01581-00375685-00376006 pork barrel phenomenon as politicians
+V92Bwfizg3u-01582-00376007-00376201 from outside the traditional Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01583-00376202-00376405 area saw a new way to bring home federal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01584-00376406-00376732 money to their areas however former Ohio
+V92Bwfizg3u-01585-00376733-00376975 Governor Bob Taft has stated what is
+V92Bwfizg3u-01586-00376976-00377200 good for Appalachia is good for all of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01587-00377201-00377579 Ohio
+V92Bwfizg3u-01588-00377580-00378130 topic transportation
+V92Bwfizg3u-01589-00378131-00378300 transportation has been the most
+V92Bwfizg3u-01590-00378301-00378495 challenging and expensive issue in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01591-00378496-00378669 Appalachia since the arrival of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01592-00378670-00378873 first European settlers in the 18th
+V92Bwfizg3u-01593-00378874-00379116 century with the exception of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01594-00379117-00379433 October 1st 1940 of the Pennsylvania
+V92Bwfizg3u-01595-00379434-00379593 Turnpike the region's mountainous
+V92Bwfizg3u-01596-00379594-00379779 terrain continuously thwarted major
+V92Bwfizg3u-01597-00379780-00379977 federal intervention attempts at major
+V92Bwfizg3u-01598-00379978-00380309 road construction until the 1970s this
+V92Bwfizg3u-01599-00380310-00380534 left large parts of the region virtually
+V92Bwfizg3u-01600-00380535-00380741 isolated and slowing economic growth
+V92Bwfizg3u-01601-00380742-00381048 before the civil war major cities in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01602-00381049-00381255 region were connected via wagon roads to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01603-00381256-00381480 lowland areas and flat boats provided an
+V92Bwfizg3u-01604-00381481-00381648 important means for transporting goods
+V92Bwfizg3u-01605-00381649-00381980 out of the region by 1900 railroads
+V92Bwfizg3u-01606-00381981-00382152 connected most of the region with the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01607-00382153-00382310 rest of the nation although the poor
+V92Bwfizg3u-01608-00382311-00382515 roads made travel beyond railroad hubs
+V92Bwfizg3u-01609-00382516-00382791 difficult when the Appalachian Regional
+V92Bwfizg3u-01610-00382792-00383073 Commission was created in 1965 road
+V92Bwfizg3u-01611-00383074-00383253 construction was considered its most
+V92Bwfizg3u-01612-00383254-00383432 important initiative and in subsequent
+V92Bwfizg3u-01613-00383433-00383613 decades the Commission spent more on
+V92Bwfizg3u-01614-00383614-00383772 road construction than all other
+V92Bwfizg3u-01615-00383773-00383984 projects combined the effort to connect
+V92Bwfizg3u-01616-00383985-00384180 Appalachia with the outside world has
+V92Bwfizg3u-01617-00384181-00384354 required numerous civil engineering
+V92Bwfizg3u-01618-00384355-00384627 feats millions of tons of rock were
+V92Bwfizg3u-01619-00384628-00384819 removed to build Road segments such as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01620-00384820-00385007 interstate 40 through the pigeon River
+V92Bwfizg3u-01621-00385008-00385152 Gorge at the Tennessee North Carolina
+V92Bwfizg3u-01622-00385153-00385460 State Line in u.s. route 23 in Letcher
+V92Bwfizg3u-01623-00385461-00385725 County Kentucky large tunnels were built
+V92Bwfizg3u-01624-00385726-00385914 through mountain slopes at Cumberland
+V92Bwfizg3u-01625-00385915-00386199 Gap to speed up travel along US Route 25
+V92Bwfizg3u-01626-00386200-00386480 II the New River Gorge Bridge in West
+V92Bwfizg3u-01627-00386481-00386787 Virginia completed in 1977 was the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01628-00386788-00386952 longest and is now the fourth longest
+V92Bwfizg3u-01629-00386953-00387252 single arch bridge in the world the Blue
+V92Bwfizg3u-01630-00387253-00387482 Ridge Parkway slin Cove viaduct the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01631-00387483-00387654 construction of which required the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01632-00387655-00388026 Assembly of 153 precast segments 4,000
+V92Bwfizg3u-01633-00388027-00388290 feet 1,200 metres up the slopes of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01634-00388291-00388464 grandfather mountain has been designated
+V92Bwfizg3u-01635-00388465-00389008 a historic civil engineering landmark
+V92Bwfizg3u-01636-00389009-00389551 topic popular culture
+V92Bwfizg3u-01637-00389552-00389779 depictions of Appalachia and its
+V92Bwfizg3u-01638-00389780-00389962 inhabitants in popular media are
+V92Bwfizg3u-01639-00389963-00390163 typically negative making the region an
+V92Bwfizg3u-01640-00390164-00390388 object of humor derision and social
+V92Bwfizg3u-01641-00390389-00390727 concern Ledford writes always part of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01642-00390728-00390970 the mythical South Appalachia continues
+V92Bwfizg3u-01643-00390971-00391198 to languish backstage in the American
+V92Bwfizg3u-01644-00391199-00391453 drama still dressed in the popular mind
+V92Bwfizg3u-01645-00391454-00391663 at least in the garments of backwardness
+V92Bwfizg3u-01646-00391664-00392056 violence poverty and hopelessness Auto
+V92Bwfizg3u-01647-00392057-00392305 argues that comic strips Lil Abner by
+V92Bwfizg3u-01648-00392306-00392515 all cap and Barney Google by Billy de
+V92Bwfizg3u-01649-00392516-00392746 Becque which both began in 1934
+V92Bwfizg3u-01650-00392747-00392953 caricatured the laziness and weakness
+V92Bwfizg3u-01651-00392954-00393288 for corn squeezings moonshine of these
+V92Bwfizg3u-01652-00393289-00393679 Hillbillies the popular 1960s Andy
+V92Bwfizg3u-01653-00393680-00393793 Griffith Show and The Beverly
+V92Bwfizg3u-01654-00393794-00394000 Hillbillies on television and James
+V92Bwfizg3u-01655-00394001-00394231 Dickies 1970 novel deliverance
+V92Bwfizg3u-01656-00394232-00394441 perpetuated the stereotype although the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01657-00394442-00394639 region itself underwent so many changes
+V92Bwfizg3u-01658-00394640-00394933 after 1945 that it scarcely resembles
+V92Bwfizg3u-01659-00394934-00395212 the comic images the trail of The
+V92Bwfizg3u-01660-00395213-00395395 Lonesome Pine the little Shepherd of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01661-00395396-00395605 Kingdom Come and other early 20th
+V92Bwfizg3u-01662-00395606-00395866 century novels of John Fox jr. set in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01663-00395867-00396031 the Appalachian town of Big Stone Gap
+V92Bwfizg3u-01664-00396032-00396277 Virginia and surrounding areas gave
+V92Bwfizg3u-01665-00396278-00396454 readers an image of frontier life in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01666-00396455-00396643 Appalachia and were made into popular
+V92Bwfizg3u-01667-00396644-00396982 films Fox himself graduated from Harvard
+V92Bwfizg3u-01668-00396983-00397180 and was a bon vivant newspaper man in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01669-00397181-00397438 New York City he returned home to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01670-00397439-00397612 Cumberland Mountains of Tennessee to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01671-00397613-00397815 write his stories because of poor health
+V92Bwfizg3u-01672-00397816-00398098 Big Stone Gap also as the setting for
+V92Bwfizg3u-01673-00398099-00398323 the early 21st century Big Stone Gap
+V92Bwfizg3u-01674-00398324-00398698 series by Adrianna Tribbiani the motion
+V92Bwfizg3u-01675-00398699-00398890 pictures Coal Miner's Daughter based on
+V92Bwfizg3u-01676-00398891-00399082 the life of noted country singer Loretta
+V92Bwfizg3u-01677-00399083-00399271 Lynn where the lilies bloom and song
+V92Bwfizg3u-01678-00399272-00399460 catcher attempt an accurate portrayal of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01679-00399461-00399658 life in Appalachia which stresses the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01680-00399659-00399859 tensions between Appalachian traditions
+V92Bwfizg3u-01681-00399860-00400098 and the values of urbanized America
+V92Bwfizg3u-01682-00400099-00400315 suncatcher takes place in rural
+V92Bwfizg3u-01683-00400316-00400659 Appalachia in 1907 and features the lost
+V92Bwfizg3u-01684-00400660-00400900 ballads of the scots-irish brought over
+V92Bwfizg3u-01685-00400901-00401152 in the 19th century and a musicologists
+V92Bwfizg3u-01686-00401153-00401431 quest to preserve them stranger with a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01687-00401432-00401632 camera as a documentary film from
+V92Bwfizg3u-01688-00401633-00401824 appalshop about the representation of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01689-00401825-00402046 Appalachian communities by outsiders in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01690-00402047-00402454 film and video the 1972 film deliverance
+V92Bwfizg3u-01691-00402455-00402691 takes place in southern Appalachia the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01692-00402692-00402910 film perpetuated extremely negative
+V92Bwfizg3u-01693-00402911-00402946 stare
+V92Bwfizg3u-01694-00402947-00403249 types of subhuman @e large-format
+V92Bwfizg3u-01695-00403250-00403522 photographer shelby leeadams himself a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01696-00403523-00403705 son of Appalachian emigrants has
+V92Bwfizg3u-01697-00403706-00403888 portrayed the Appalachian family life
+V92Bwfizg3u-01698-00403889-00404148 sympathetically in several books
+V92Bwfizg3u-01699-00404149-00404362 Appalachian Spring is the name of a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01700-00404363-00404581 musical composition by Aaron Copland and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01701-00404582-00404764 a ballet of the same name by Martha
+V92Bwfizg3u-01702-00404765-00405022 Graham Copeland did not intend for his
+V92Bwfizg3u-01703-00405023-00405223 music which he composed for Graham and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01704-00405224-00405415 which incorporates shaker melodies to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01705-00405416-00405658 have an Appalachian theme Graham gave
+V92Bwfizg3u-01706-00405659-00405850 the work its name her ballet told the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01707-00405851-00406018 story of a young couple living on the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01708-00406019-00406333 frontier in western Pennsylvania English
+V92Bwfizg3u-01709-00406334-00406546 composer Frederick Delius wrote a theme
+V92Bwfizg3u-01710-00406547-00406774 and variations entitled Appalachia he
+V92Bwfizg3u-01711-00406775-00406918 first composed this music
+V92Bwfizg3u-01712-00406919-00407188 subtitled variations on an old slave
+V92Bwfizg3u-01713-00407189-00407701 song with final chorus in 1896 Alan
+V92Bwfizg3u-01714-00407702-00407995 Havana's in 1985 composed a tone poem
+V92Bwfizg3u-01715-00407996-00408166 named to the Appalachian Mountains
+V92Bwfizg3u-01716-00408167-00408499 Symphony number 60 oughta Katherine
+V92Bwfizg3u-01717-00408500-00408703 Marshall wrote Christe loosely based on
+V92Bwfizg3u-01718-00408704-00408871 her mother's years as a teacher in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01719-00408872-00409150 Appalachian region the novel was highly
+V92Bwfizg3u-01720-00409151-00409333 popular and became the basis of a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01721-00409334-00409516 short-lived television series of the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01722-00409517-00409899 same name in 1994 the novel prodigal
+V92Bwfizg3u-01723-00409900-00410118 summer by Barbara Kingsolver explores
+V92Bwfizg3u-01724-00410120-00410305 the ecology of the region and how the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01725-00410306-00410497 removal of the Predators wolves and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01726-00410497-00410884 coyotes affected the environment some
+V92Bwfizg3u-01727-00410885-00411088 comic strips often featured Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01728-00411089-00411530 especially Lil Abner by all cap 1909 to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01729-00411531-00411828 1979 in notes that this comic strip
+V92Bwfizg3u-01730-00411829-00412197 which ran 1934 to 77 largely ignored
+V92Bwfizg3u-01731-00412198-00412428 religion politics blacks in the Civil
+V92Bwfizg3u-01732-00412429-00412645 War but instead focused its humor on the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01733-00412646-00412857 morality of Dogpatch examining its
+V92Bwfizg3u-01734-00412858-00413076 memorable and often eccentric people who
+V92Bwfizg3u-01735-00413077-00413278 typically relied on violence to control
+V92Bwfizg3u-01736-00413279-00413460 the social order and held deep to their
+V92Bwfizg3u-01737-00413462-00413707 faith in land home self-sufficiency and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01738-00413708-00413864 antipathy to outsiders
+V92Bwfizg3u-01739-00413866-00414105 Arnold finds that starting with World
+V92Bwfizg3u-01740-00414106-00414364 War two cap increasingly emphasized sex
+V92Bwfizg3u-01741-00414364-00414622 and violence the fictional television
+V92Bwfizg3u-01742-00414622-00414889 program justified as set in the eastern
+V92Bwfizg3u-01743-00414889-00415087 hills of Kentucky in and around Harlan
+V92Bwfizg3u-01744-00415088-00415264 County and was filmed in the Pittsburgh
+V92Bwfizg3u-01745-00415264-00415657 area originally face of Appalachia is a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01746-00415658-00415857 song that appeared first on the album
+V92Bwfizg3u-01747-00415858-00416264 Tarzan a kid by John Sebastian in 1974
+V92Bwfizg3u-01748-00416266-00416468 the song co-written by Sebastian and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01749-00416470-00416658 Lowell George was described by Joel
+V92Bwfizg3u-01750-00416659-00416796 Canfield as follows
+V92Bwfizg3u-01751-00416797-00417057 Sebastian's lyrics we've a heart-rending
+V92Bwfizg3u-01752-00417058-00417264 picture of an old man struggled to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01753-00417264-00417471 impart his childhood memories to his
+V92Bwfizg3u-01754-00417472-00417717 grandson memories of places and people
+V92Bwfizg3u-01755-00417718-00418043 who no longer exist of an era long gone
+V92Bwfizg3u-01756-00418043-00418289 cover versions of the song have been
+V92Bwfizg3u-01757-00418291-00418626 recorded by Valerie Carter 1977 Wendy
+V92Bwfizg3u-01758-00418627-00419114 Matthews 1992 and Julie Miller 1997 the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01759-00419116-00419307 fourth track of Chelsea Wolf's album
+V92Bwfizg3u-01760-00419308-00419522 unknown rooms a collection of acoustic
+V92Bwfizg3u-01761-00419524-00419801 songs us Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01762-00419802-00420029 much of the popular book series The
+V92Bwfizg3u-01763-00420030-00420281 Hunger Games is set in an area that used
+V92Bwfizg3u-01764-00420282-00420524 to be called Appalachia which is
+V92Bwfizg3u-01765-00420525-00420722 referred to in the book as district 12
+V92Bwfizg3u-01766-00420722-00420922 much of the surroundings and culture
+V92Bwfizg3u-01767-00420924-00421151 reflect present-day Appalachia such as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01768-00421152-00421631 reliance on coal mining as an industry
+V92Bwfizg3u-01769-00421632-00422264 topic appalachia as the United States
+V92Bwfizg3u-01770-00422264-00422585 in 1839 Washington Irving proposed to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01771-00422585-00422905 rename the United States Allegheny ax or
+V92Bwfizg3u-01772-00422906-00423245 Appalachia in place of America since the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01773-00423246-00423551 name belonged to Latin America to Edgar
+V92Bwfizg3u-01774-00423552-00423766 Allan Poe later took up the idea and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01775-00423767-00423962 considered Appalachia a much better name
+V92Bwfizg3u-01776-00423963-00424181 than America or Allegheny a-- he thought
+V92Bwfizg3u-01777-00424182-00424379 it better defined the United States as a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01778-00424380-00424601 distinct geographical entity separate
+V92Bwfizg3u-01779-00424602-00424768 from the rest of the Americas and he
+V92Bwfizg3u-01780-00424769-00424958 also thought it did honor to both Irving
+V92Bwfizg3u-01781-00424959-00425110 and the natives who the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01782-00425112-00425351 Mountains had been named after at the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01783-00425352-00425560 time however the United States had
+V92Bwfizg3u-01784-00425562-00425735 already reached far beyond the greater
+V92Bwfizg3u-01785-00425735-00425995 Appalachian region but the magnificence
+V92Bwfizg3u-01786-00425996-00426268 of Appalachia Poe considered enough to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01787-00426269-00426428 rechristened the nation with a name that
+V92Bwfizg3u-01788-00426429-00426595 would be unique to its own character
+V92Bwfizg3u-01789-00426596-00426916 however post popular influence only grew
+V92Bwfizg3u-01790-00426917-00427120 decades after his death and so the name
+V92Bwfizg3u-01791-00427121-00427660 was never seriously considered
+V92Bwfizg3u-01792-00427662-00428253 topic physiographic provinces
+V92Bwfizg3u-01793-00428254-00428522 the six physiographic provinces that in
+V92Bwfizg3u-01794-00428524-00428735 whole or in part are commonly treated as
+V92Bwfizg3u-01795-00428737-00429057 components of Appalachia our Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01796-00429058-00429471 Plateau Allegheny Mountains ridge and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01797-00429472-00429795 valley appalachian x' great Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01798-00429796-00430491 Valley Blue Ridge Mountains Piedmont
+V92Bwfizg3u-01799-00430492-00431060 topic C also
+V92Bwfizg3u-01800-00431062-00431427 Appalachian Ohio child birth in rural
+V92Bwfizg3u-01801-00431428-00431745 Appalachia environmental justice and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01802-00431746-00432024 coal mining in Appalachia hillbilly
+V92Bwfizg3u-01803-00432025-00432524 elegy Museum of Appalachia Ozark culture
+V92Bwfizg3u-01804-00432525-00433172 upland south urban Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01805-00433172-00433718 topic references
+V92Bwfizg3u-01806-00433720-00434057 Abramson Rudy and Haskell Jean editors
+V92Bwfizg3u-01807-00434058-00434405 2006 encyclopedia of Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01808-00434406-00434754 University of Tennessee press ISBN one
+V92Bwfizg3u-01809-00434755-00435024 five seven two three three four five six
+V92Bwfizg3u-01810-00435025-00435097 eight
+V92Bwfizg3u-01811-00435099-00435381 Becker Jane s inventing tradition
+V92Bwfizg3u-01812-00435382-00435570 Appalachia and the construction of an
+V92Bwfizg3u-01813-00435571-00436097 American folk 1930 to 1940 1998 Biggers
+V92Bwfizg3u-01814-00436099-00436410 Jeff 2006 the United States of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01815-00436410-00436596 Appalachia how southern Mountaineers
+V92Bwfizg3u-01816-00436597-00436770 brought independence culture and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01817-00436771-00436970 enlightenment to America new Ed
+V92Bwfizg3u-01818-00436971-00437307 shoemaker and Hort ISBN one five nine
+V92Bwfizg3u-01819-00437308-00437739 three seven six oh three one Oh Caudle
+V92Bwfizg3u-01820-00437739-00438063 Harry M 1962 night comes to the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01821-00438064-00438309 Cumberlands little brown and company
+V92Bwfizg3u-01822-00438310-00438657 ISBN oh three one six one three two one
+V92Bwfizg3u-01823-00438658-00439026 two eight Davis Donald Edward where
+V92Bwfizg3u-01824-00439027-00439200 there are mountains and environmental
+V92Bwfizg3u-01825-00439201-00439383 history of the southern Appalachians
+V92Bwfizg3u-01826-00439384-00439878 mm Dahle jr. Thomas our March 1910 our
+V92Bwfizg3u-01827-00439879-00440121 southern Mountaineers removal the remedy
+V92Bwfizg3u-01828-00440122-00440367 for the evils that isolation and poverty
+V92Bwfizg3u-01829-00440368-00440703 have brought the world's work a history
+V92Bwfizg3u-01830-00440704-00440960 of our time nineteen twelve thousand
+V92Bwfizg3u-01831-00440962-00441159 seven hundred four minus fourteen
+V92Bwfizg3u-01832-00441160-00441575 retrieved July 10th 2009 daughter Earl
+V92Bwfizg3u-01833-00441576-00441906 coalfield generations health mining than
+V92Bwfizg3u-01834-00441907-00442260 the environment southern spaces July 16
+V92Bwfizg3u-01835-00442260-00442772 2008 eller Ronald D 2008 uneven ground
+V92Bwfizg3u-01836-00442774-00443130 Appalachia since 1945 the University
+V92Bwfizg3u-01837-00443131-00443447 Press of Kentucky ISBN nine seven eight
+V92Bwfizg3u-01838-00443449-00443712 zero eight one three one two five two
+V92Bwfizg3u-01839-00443713-00444084 three seven eller Ronald D miners mill
+V92Bwfizg3u-01840-00444085-00444335 hands and Mountaineers industrialization
+V92Bwfizg3u-01841-00444337-00444513 of the Appalachian South one eight eight
+V92Bwfizg3u-01842-00444514-00444842 oh one nine three oh one nine eight -
+V92Bwfizg3u-01843-00444843-00445139 Ford Thomas ah red the southern
+V92Bwfizg3u-01844-00445141-00445458 Appalachian region a survey 1967
+V92Bwfizg3u-01845-00445459-00445797 includes highly detailed statistics kef
+V92Bwfizg3u-01846-00445797-00446151 art pooris 1922 our southern Highlanders
+V92Bwfizg3u-01847-00446152-00446489 new and revised ed macmillan ISBN oh
+V92Bwfizg3u-01848-00446491-00446706 eight seven oh four nine two oh three
+V92Bwfizg3u-01849-00446707-00447002 nine text online
+V92Bwfizg3u-01850-00447003-00447210 Tom southern Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01851-00447210-00447481 nineteenth-century bright tobacco boom
+V92Bwfizg3u-01852-00447482-00447731 industrialization urbanization and the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01853-00447732-00448079 culture of tobacco agricultural history
+V92Bwfizg3u-01854-00448080-00448727 88 spring 2014 175 to 206 online Louis
+V92Bwfizg3u-01855-00448728-00448962 Ronald L transforming the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01856-00448963-00449222 countryside railroads deforestation and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01857-00449223-00449520 social change in West Virginia 1880 to
+V92Bwfizg3u-01858-00449521-00449985 1920 1998 online edition light Melanie
+V92Bwfizg3u-01859-00449985-00450377 and Ken light 2006 Col Halle Berry
+V92Bwfizg3u-01860-00450378-00450716 University of California Press is B and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01861-00450717-00450989 nine seven eight oh five two oh two four
+V92Bwfizg3u-01862-00450990-00451177 six five four six
+V92Bwfizg3u-01863-00451178-00451518 no a Kenneth W and Shannon H Wilson
+V92Bwfizg3u-01864-00451518-00451962 Civil War in Appalachia 1997 Abra Miller
+V92Bwfizg3u-01865-00451963-00452235 Philip J Thomas e Wagner Andy Bruce
+V92Bwfizg3u-01866-00452235-00452595 Tucker editors 2000 Appalachian Odyssey
+V92Bwfizg3u-01867-00452596-00452789 historical perspectives on the great
+V92Bwfizg3u-01868-00452790-00453324 migration Westport CT Prager is B&O 275
+V92Bwfizg3u-01869-00453325-00453983 9 6 8 5 1 o Olsen Ted 1998 Blue Ridge
+V92Bwfizg3u-01870-00453984-00454200 folk life University Press of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01871-00454201-00454268 Mississippi
+V92Bwfizg3u-01872-00454269-00454581 ISBN one five seven eight oh six oh two
+V92Bwfizg3u-01873-00454582-00454952 three Oh PUD up Marybeth Dwight be
+V92Bwfizg3u-01874-00454953-00455252 Billings in Altena al Waller EDS
+V92Bwfizg3u-01875-00455253-00455489 Appalachia in the making the mountains
+V92Bwfizg3u-01876-00455490-00455889 south in the 19th century 1995 Sarnoff
+V92Bwfizg3u-01877-00455889-00456302 Susan eun-hyung SiC 2003 Central
+V92Bwfizg3u-01878-00456303-00456504 Appalachia still the other America
+V92Bwfizg3u-01879-00456505-00456858 Journal of poverty the Haworth press 7 1
+V92Bwfizg3u-01880-00456859-00456937 & 2
+V92Bwfizg3u-01881-00456938-00457350 123 239 joy ten point one three zero
+V92Bwfizg3u-01882-00457351-00457856 zero J 134 vo7 no.1 underscore oh six
+V92Bwfizg3u-01883-00457857-00458110 archived from the original on February
+V92Bwfizg3u-01884-00458111-00458597 22nd 2007 slap Andrew l-e-d 2010
+V92Bwfizg3u-01885-00458597-00458847 reconstructing Appalachia the civil wars
+V92Bwfizg3u-01886-00458847-00459035 aftermath Lexington Kentucky
+V92Bwfizg3u-01887-00459036-00459327 University Press of Kentucky Stewart
+V92Bwfizg3u-01888-00459328-00459650 Bruce e Eadie 2012 blood in the hills a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01889-00459651-00459839 history of violence in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01890-00459839-00460127 Lexington Kentucky University Press of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01891-00460128-00460239 Kentucky walls
+V92Bwfizg3u-01892-00460239-00460439 David 1970s
+V92Bwfizg3u-01893-00460440-00460643 on the naming of Appalachia and
+V92Bwfizg3u-01894-00460644-00460940 Appalachian symposium edited by JW
+V92Bwfizg3u-01895-00460941-00461264 Williamson boone NC Appalachian State
+V92Bwfizg3u-01896-00461265-00461569 University Press Williams John Alexander
+V92Bwfizg3u-01897-00461570-00461958 Appalachia a history 2002 online edition
+V92Bwfizg3u-01898-00461959-00462194 Colin Woodard American Nations a history
+V92Bwfizg3u-01899-00462195-00462408 of the eleven rival regional cultures of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01900-00462409-00462692 North America 2011 topic external links
+V92Bwfizg3u-01901-00462693-00462866 scholarly articles from the Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01902-00462867-00463265 Journal 1970 to present 1965 original
+V92Bwfizg3u-01903-00463266-00463460 congressional definition Appalachia at
+V92Bwfizg3u-01904-00463461-00463700 Curley Appalachia hollow promises a
+V92Bwfizg3u-01905-00463701-00464012 comprehensive 1999 series of articles on
+V92Bwfizg3u-01906-00464013-00464187 the region and the arc published in the
+V92Bwfizg3u-01907-00464188-00464417 Columbus Dispatch Appalachian Center for
+V92Bwfizg3u-01908-00464418-00464612 economy and the environment digital
+V92Bwfizg3u-01909-00464613-00464829 library of Appalachia Morehead State
+V92Bwfizg3u-01910-00464830-00465054 University Center for virtual Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01911-00465055-00465266 University of Kentucky Appalachian
+V92Bwfizg3u-01912-00465267-00465477 Center space place in Appalachia
+V92Bwfizg3u-01913-00465478-00465614 southern spaces
+V92Bwfizg3u-01914-00465615-00466079 June 3rd 2009 the uses and misuses of
+V92Bwfizg3u-01915-00466080-00466406 Appalachian culture Appalachian studies
+V92Bwfizg3u-01916-00466407-00466646 bibliography West Virginia University
+V92Bwfizg3u-01917-00466647-00466905 Libraries
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00000-00000016-00000199 hey this is kathy from kathy cooksview
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00001-00000200-00000455 it is early in the morning i just got
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00002-00000456-00000647 done with the wok and i thought i want
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00003-00000648-00000751 to make
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00004-00000752-00000966 and have a hankering for
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00005-00000967-00001223 some chocolate pumpkin muffins these
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00006-00001224-00001454 muffins are super easy you just need a
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00007-00001455-00001743 chocolate cake mix three ingredients
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00008-00001744-00001951 pumpkin
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00009-00001952-00002239 and three eggs that's it we are gonna
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00010-00002240-00002423 take these three ingredients we're gonna
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00011-00002424-00002558 get them in our bowl
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00012-00002559-00002767 mix it up for a good minute or two
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00013-00002768-00003023 minutes on the mixer put them in muffin
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00014-00003024-00003247 tins and put them in the oven we're just
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00015-00003247-00003447 gonna follow the directions on how to
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00016-00003447-00003663 make um the cupcakes
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00017-00003664-00004038 and it's gonna come out fantastic
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00018-00004039-00004206 now if you want to add some extras you
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00019-00004207-00004479 can put some nuts in there you could add
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00020-00004480-00004751 a little vanilla you could add any kind
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00021-00004752-00004911 of extract you'd like that you think
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00022-00004912-00005111 would go well with chocolate and you
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00023-00005112-00005279 know what i do i not only have them at
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00024-00005280-00005543 breakfast time but i also love them at
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00025-00005544-00005751 night i take one out of the freezer and
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00026-00005752-00005991 put some frozen cherries with it and
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00027-00005992-00006295 then some frozen whipped cream oh man is
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00028-00006296-00006486 that a good dessert so try them both
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00029-00006487-00006663 ways
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00030-00006664-00006942 after you get your muffins in the pan
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00031-00006943-00007127 make sure to do a little swirl on top
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00032-00007128-00007351 like i'm doing here it helps them to
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00033-00007352-00007663 look more uniform these don't flatten
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00034-00007664-00007910 out as well as a regular muffin or
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00035-00007911-00008142 cupcake do so you want to just add a
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00036-00008143-00008287 little swirl
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00037-00008288-00008495 look at these amazing muffins they are
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00038-00008496-00008639 beautiful we're going to let them sit
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00039-00008640-00008807 for 10 minutes and then i can't wait to
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00040-00008808-00009359 eat them nice and toasty warm okay
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00041-00009360-00009599 i got my cup of joe
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00042-00009600-00009895 because this is breakfast
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00043-00009896-00010055 mmm you can smell the chocolate but you
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00044-00010056-00010295 can also smell the pumpkin these are so
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00045-00010296-00010735 good
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00046-00010736-00011151 nice and light and airy
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00047-00011152-00011278 excellent
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00048-00011279-00011487 make sure when you're whipping them
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00049-00011488-00011631 with your mixer
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00050-00011632-00011903 you really incorporate that egg for that
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00051-00011904-00012151 emulsification to get that nice light
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00052-00012152-00012431 fluffy texture you can take one of these
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00053-00012432-00012567 let me get one
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00054-00012568-00012807 you can take one of these at night or in
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00055-00012808-00013183 the morning you know take off the top
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00056-00013184-00013415 and then put some uh frozen whipped
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00057-00013416-00013583 cream in here and then put this back on
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00058-00013584-00013975 top and make it a sandwich
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00059-00013976-00014119 i can't do it right now because they're
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00060-00014119-00014247 warm
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00061-00014247-00014391 but man
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00062-00014391-00014519 oh man
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00063-00014519-00014719 are they tasty and i love it with the
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00064-00014719-00014935 frozen cherries but you know you don't
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00065-00014936-00015103 have to put frozen cherries or
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00066-00015104-00015271 raspberries or whatever any kind of
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00067-00015272-00015455 fruit would be good thank you so much
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00068-00015456-00015615 for watching kathy cooks for you thank
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00069-00015616-00015863 you for being here uh for my have some
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00070-00015863-00016103 coffee with me this morning um i haven't
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00071-00016104-00016343 even showered yet so please subscribe
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00072-00016344-00016591 below give me a thumbs up or a comment
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00073-00016592-00016847 and i would love for you to watch more
+VqjaBbjKg1u-00074-00016848-00017128 videos
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00000-00000396-00001197 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00001-00001198-00002395 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00002-00002396-00004943 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00003-00004944-00004991 this
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00004-00004992-00005438 is the day that the lord has made
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00005-00005439-00005811 we shall rejoice and be glad in it
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00006-00005812-00006047 hallelujah hallelujah
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00007-00006048-00006343 to god be the glory for all the great
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00008-00006344-00006634 things he's done in our lives
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00009-00006636-00007110 hallelujah praise the lord love you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00010-00007111-00007423 i agree with you bishop because i i
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00011-00007423-00007614 often think
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00012-00007615-00007903 in this in this matter am i being
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00013-00007904-00008119 changed
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00014-00008120-00008374 by my my situation circumstances and my
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00015-00008375-00008710 surroundings or am i the change agent
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00016-00008711-00009159 and i need to be the change agent
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00017-00009160-00009487 and bring everything
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00018-00009488-00009806 into captivity of christ instead of me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00019-00009807-00010014 being captivated by
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00020-00010015-00010287 external things and so that that is my
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00021-00010288-00010359 mindset
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00022-00010360-00010671 and what bishop just said is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00023-00010672-00010935 dead on that that that form of thinking
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00024-00010936-00011110 and where where i've been
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00025-00011111-00011438 because when i look at
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00026-00011439-00011655 this world in this world this system and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00027-00011656-00011927 how it affects me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00028-00011928-00012374 it's depressing and it it vexes me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00029-00012375-00012687 and it takes me to to come back
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00030-00012688-00013015 and put my mind on god and knowing that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00031-00013016-00013391 i am an ambassador set in this place
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00032-00013391-00013751 to be a change agent to lost souls
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00033-00013752-00014030 then i get the peace of god that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00034-00014031-00014151 surpasses all
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00035-00014152-00014319 understanding that guards my heart and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00036-00014319-00014535 mind through christ jesus
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00037-00014536-00014919 so then the the the stress the the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00038-00014919-00015263 the the worry the the anger you know
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00039-00015263-00015486 all those emotions that are tied to this
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00040-00015487-00015655 world this world system
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00041-00015656-00016007 are gone immediately once i focus
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00042-00016008-00016350 on god and my lord and savior hey man
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00043-00016351-00016591 amen so you know i want to throw
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00044-00016592-00016655 something
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00045-00016656-00016999 at people too is that sometimes you be
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00046-00017000-00017271 where god seemed to be not saying he
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00047-00017272-00017430 just told you to be there but
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00048-00017431-00017671 you be in the place of position to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00049-00017672-00017807 always respond to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00050-00017808-00018030 how god wants you to act and what i will
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00051-00018031-00018111 use the example
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00052-00018112-00018263 is remember the woman caught in an act
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00053-00018264-00018395 of adultery
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00054-00018396-00018583 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00055-00018584-00018743 i don't think he never said that god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00056-00018744-00018991 told jesus to be at that place
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00057-00018992-00019303 at that time but he was still doing he
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00058-00019304-00019550 was doing the work of god right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00059-00019551-00019911 but the circumstances came to him
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00060-00019912-00020071 i think the same thing with the woman in
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00061-00020072-00020214 the well right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00062-00020215-00020519 bishop i don't think he he stayed at the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00063-00020520-00020622 well
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00064-00020623-00021007 because he was what tired
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00065-00021008-00021271 and hungry so what i see you saying is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00066-00021272-00021478 that you can be led by external
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00067-00021479-00021767 uh events as well as interim and be
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00068-00021768-00022086 ready in season and out of season
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00069-00022087-00022255 when the situation comes i think when
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00070-00022256-00022463 brother went to waffle house
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00071-00022464-00022807 that was wifi he just went
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00072-00022808-00023007 opportunity came up that god said hey i
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00073-00023008-00023207 want to use you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00074-00023208-00023550 for this situation that makes sense
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00075-00023551-00023711 i think the woman that dwells i think
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00076-00023712-00023903 the woman caught an act of adultery
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00077-00023904-00024047 jesus was just
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00078-00024048-00024294 what happened to be there well i i have
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00079-00024295-00024430 a tendency to believe that there are no
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00080-00024431-00024575 arbitraries there are no
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00081-00024576-00024783 athens dancers in the kingdom he's
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00082-00024784-00025135 orchestrator of the orchestra
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00083-00025136-00025383 uh you know knowing that our mistakes
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00084-00025384-00025535 are going to occur he actually worked
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00085-00025536-00025639 that into the scenario
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00086-00025639-00025990 to edify or to get somebody to say
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00087-00025991-00026158 right absolutely there's anything
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00088-00026160-00026311 arbitrary about what happens in our
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00089-00026312-00026367 lives
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00090-00026368-00026614 well my point is you might have been led
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00091-00026616-00026670 there
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00092-00026672-00026887 for the specific purpose of dealing with
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00093-00026888-00027007 the woman well
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00094-00027008-00027255 on dealing with the woman and adultery
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00095-00027256-00027466 if you were glad to be there
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00096-00027467-00027631 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00097-00027632-00027879 yeah i think we can be more more
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00098-00027880-00027935 actively
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00099-00027936-00028174 led by the spirit of god if we
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00100-00028175-00028255 intentionally
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00101-00028256-00028431 put ourselves in places where god can
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00102-00028432-00028623 lead us yeah so it's like
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00103-00028624-00028774 for me again and i asked the question
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00104-00028775-00028974 earlier jimmy said yes
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00105-00028975-00029151 prayer fasting studying the word
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00106-00029152-00029351 meditating on on christ
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00107-00029352-00029599 or like and it almost seems a stoic or
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00108-00029600-00029670 some kind of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00109-00029672-00029846 lifestyle that makes you a monk or
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00110-00029847-00029990 something like that but
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00111-00029991-00030270 but there is a purposeful intent to hear
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00112-00030272-00030374 god like right now
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00113-00030375-00030646 i logged in to zoom at eight something
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00114-00030647-00030807 this morning to purposefully hear what
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00115-00030808-00030943 was going on here
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00116-00030944-00031135 i that was an intentional move on my
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00117-00031136-00031335 part what i'm trying to do is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00118-00031336-00031495 to develop that routine that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00119-00031495-00031655 purposefully puts me in the presence of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00120-00031656-00031718 god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00121-00031719-00031990 and so i've heard die i've heard
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00122-00031991-00032167 meditate on those things that are
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00123-00032168-00032470 a good report and uh
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00124-00032472-00032655 then so now this is the back that i'm
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00125-00032656-00032807 trying to put together right now y'all
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00126-00032808-00032879 and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00127-00032880-00033023 you know it's for selfish reasons that i
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00128-00033024-00033302 can't replace in the mornings because i
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00129-00033303-00033471 feel like i'm growing you guys really
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00130-00033472-00033574 pouring a lot into
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00131-00033575-00033887 my throat uh and the lord is pouring a
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00132-00033888-00033999 lot of time i grow through my
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00133-00034000-00034159 interaction with you all
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00134-00034160-00034359 and i really want to hear from god man
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00135-00034360-00034535 i've heard that happenstance like we
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00136-00034536-00034735 accidentally yeah every now and then
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00137-00034736-00034999 i do that a lot i accidentally hear but
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00138-00035000-00035151 i want to be more purposeful than that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00139-00035152-00035262 so i don't have to go through some of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00140-00035263-00035487 the hardships i think unnecessary
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00141-00035488-00035751 that i've experienced and i believe we
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00142-00035752-00035927 really can't hear i remember that 150
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00143-00035928-00036039 words says
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00144-00036040-00036207 that this was written that you might
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00145-00036208-00036343 believe yes sir
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00146-00036344-00036471 that was the whole book at the end of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00147-00036472-00036607 the book he says this was written that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00148-00036608-00036767 you might believe anything that you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00149-00036768-00036862 might follow
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00150-00036863-00037015 but that you might believe there is a
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00151-00037016-00037167 god out there too power
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00152-00037168-00037455 amen you know our god is alive and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00153-00037456-00037567 that's the thing that i'm really coming
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00154-00037568-00037743 to realization of just like me talking
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00155-00037744-00037927 y'all god talking to us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00156-00037928-00038143 we have an active conversation right now
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00157-00038144-00038255 going on with the father
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00158-00038256-00038599 broadcasting but then i tuned in and and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00159-00038600-00038774 i think what i'm trying to do right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00160-00038775-00038935 right now is just to kind of fine-tune
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00161-00038936-00039079 my instrument
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00162-00039080-00039239 so that i can hear what he's saying more
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00163-00039240-00039487 readily amen you know
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00164-00039488-00039702 and the close with that too is that go
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00165-00039703-00039911 back to box 16
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00166-00039912-00040183 he said they went remember brother as in
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00167-00040184-00040279 verse 20
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00168-00040280-00040583 they went everywhere yeah
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00169-00040584-00040951 that that that's a very broad gun
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00170-00040952-00041335 but he said go we've all been set
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00171-00041336-00041671 yeah and just go and god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00172-00041672-00041855 and if i wasn't walk by faith not by
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00173-00041856-00042007 saying walk
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00174-00042008-00042215 and as you go that's it's like those
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00175-00042216-00042343 people's here as you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00176-00042344-00042655 went as you go go ahead and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00177-00042656-00043087 push about that see that text
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00178-00043088-00043446 implies uh something
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00179-00043447-00043730 that i think
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00180-00043731-00043951 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00181-00043952-00044262 just as essential as your as your
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00182-00044263-00044430 perception
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00183-00044431-00044735 in situation see when you're in the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00184-00044736-00045535 situation
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00185-00045536-00045702 see through this situation and see
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00186-00045703-00045862 something that god is doing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00187-00045863-00046111 wow you don't get the situation you see
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00188-00046112-00046239 through the situation
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00189-00046240-00046535 okay but you see the other thing i
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00190-00046536-00046695 believe that what god really needs from
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00191-00046696-00046839 us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00192-00046840-00047190 is a commitment to availability oh okay
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00193-00047191-00047518 yeah yeah
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00194-00047519-00047871 you see see god wants to keep you in a
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00195-00047872-00048167 mode of constant availability
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00196-00048168-00048486 where you're at what you're doing you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00197-00048487-00048935 are available to god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00198-00048936-00049279 listen there can be nothing in your life
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00199-00049280-00049471 that will ever hinder your availability
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00200-00049472-00049615 no matter where you are no matter what
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00201-00049616-00049823 you're doing no matter what it is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00202-00049824-00050183 you are available no whoa
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00203-00050184-00050558 and that's why i said everywhere
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00204-00050559-00050751 this is the thing that i think also
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00205-00050752-00051046 hinders them is that we got something
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00206-00051047-00051663 that puts that makes us unavailable
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00207-00051664-00052150 nah let's go unavailable let's go
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00208-00052151-00052366 a long time ago that it didn't matter
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00209-00052367-00052647 what it was on my job
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00210-00052648-00052959 yes any convenient places yes
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00211-00052960-00053303 come out or in times where you calling a
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00212-00053304-00053399 flesh you might have been
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00213-00053400-00053582 ashamed of failed you might have
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00214-00053583-00053742 suffered some loss
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00215-00053744-00053999 out of the flow are you available are
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00216-00054000-00054241 you available
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00217-00054242-00054391 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00218-00054391-00054719 because to abide in me me imply that you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00219-00054720-00054879 are always available to go
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00220-00054879-00055159 wow now let me say this i said to you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00221-00055160-00055407 guys a while back i sent you a text from
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00222-00055408-00055726 matthew chapter 11.
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00223-00055727-00055935 the last few verses where it says come
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00224-00055936-00056094 unto me oh you're there heavy laden and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00225-00056095-00056382 i will give you a rest yes sir
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00226-00056383-00056671 when i say your little version my
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00227-00056672-00056815 thoughts were dealing with this very
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00228-00056816-00057054 conversation we were having this morning
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00229-00057055-00057303 wow and later on i sent you another
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00230-00057304-00057415 breath about that i think
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00231-00057416-00057807 i'm not at colossians chapter two
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00232-00057808-00058175 now remember that text i think so let me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00233-00058176-00058254 see
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00234-00058255-00058638 i did chapter two
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00235-00058639-00058935 you see it in those verses those verses
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00236-00058936-00059159 are going to help you discern
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00237-00059160-00059350 how to answer a lot of these issues
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00238-00059351-00059471 we've been talking about this morning
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00239-00059472-00059630 when it comes down to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00240-00059632-00059811 that kingdom work of god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00241-00059812-00060166 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00242-00060167-00060375 uh i think it was verse 29 the last one
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00243-00060376-00060550 verse 29 i think of the birth that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00244-00060551-00060871 i was trying to get to what did it say
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00245-00060872-00061054 229
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00246-00061055-00061479 colossian yeah 229
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00247-00061479-00061647 it's not colossal y'all haven't wronged
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00248-00061648-00061830 one son that's that's the last one right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00249-00061832-00061887 here
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00250-00061888-00062206 yeah because 39
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00251-00062207-00062535 verse 29 there's no nine and two
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00252-00062536-00063047 not a chapter two collab
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00253-00063048-00063229 one okay
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00254-00063229-00063447 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00255-00063448-00064142 yeah 129.
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00256-00064144-00064415 you gonna need that brother
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00257-00064416-00064566 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00258-00064567-00064854 where until i also labor striving
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00259-00064855-00064966 according to this
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00260-00064967-00065382 working with worketh in me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00261-00065383-00065903 is working
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00262-00065904-00066247 this becomes a very this is a very
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00263-00066248-00066406 delicate thing that we're talking about
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00264-00066407-00066647 right here this is the distinction
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00265-00066648-00066775 between the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00266-00066776-00067294 the helper wheels the crib
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00267-00067295-00067631 on the front run you see
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00268-00067632-00067903 paul understood that he was talking
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00269-00067904-00068311 about listener
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00270-00068312-00068615 he said verse 24 he says he's talking
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00271-00068616-00068838 about himself he says i'm not rejoice in
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00272-00068839-00069006 my suffering for you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00273-00069007-00069279 and fill up that which is behind of the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00274-00069280-00069391 affliction of christ
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00275-00069392-00069687 in my flesh for his body's sake quizzing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00276-00069688-00069935 the church
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00277-00069936-00070215 you see when you come down to this real
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00278-00070216-00070279 when you get
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00279-00070280-00070415 focused on what this mission work is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00280-00070416-00070638 really all about you find that is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00281-00070639-00070967 always about love and always about the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00282-00070968-00071111 other person
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00283-00071112-00071438 right it is going to always be about
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00284-00071439-00071591 love and it's gonna always be
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00285-00071592-00071775 sacrificial in order for the other
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00286-00071776-00072103 person to benefit
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00287-00072104-00072326 so that there is always in the sense of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00288-00072327-00072512 dying going on inside of you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00289-00072513-00072750 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00290-00072751-00073006 for somebody else in order for somebody
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00291-00073007-00073255 else to be
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00292-00073256-00073455 to be helped along the lines of the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00293-00073456-00073679 kingdom mission
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00294-00073680-00073887 and that in itself is the very heart of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00295-00073888-00074079 the work that god has called each one of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00296-00074080-00074247 us into
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00297-00074248-00074431 he said well if i made i made a minister
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00298-00074432-00074615 according to the dispensation of god who
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00299-00074616-00074782 is given to me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00300-00074783-00075094 for you to fulfill the word of god even
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00301-00075095-00075311 the mystery which has been hid from ages
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00302-00075312-00075615 from generation but now is made manifest
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00303-00075616-00076038 to his sins
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00304-00076039-00076255 of the glory of the mystery among the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00305-00076256-00076526 gentiles which is christ in you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00306-00076527-00076694 this is true for anybody in the kingdom
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00307-00076695-00076911 it's christ in you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00308-00076912-00077215 and it is other stuff it all
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00309-00077216-00077511 it all comes down to not only what that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00310-00077512-00077647 christ is in you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00311-00077648-00077894 it is to what degree you yield to him to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00312-00077895-00078023 become one with him
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00313-00078024-00078199 so that christ can really evidence
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00314-00078200-00078322 himself in this world
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00315-00078323-00078462 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00316-00078463-00078759 that is that's awesome that really ties
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00317-00078760-00078855 back
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00318-00078856-00078978 to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00319-00078979-00079167 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00320-00079168-00079526 preaching the word this is the word
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00321-00079527-00079847 yes sir this is the word that he will
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00322-00079848-00079919 confirm
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00323-00079920-00080215 with signs following this right here can
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00324-00080216-00080375 i can i throw a little piece in there
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00325-00080376-00080559 too and that was that is that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00326-00080560-00080711 it blessing you notice he didn't put
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00327-00080712-00080926 jesus in there himself
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00328-00080927-00081231 he put the anointing jesus we know jesus
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00329-00081232-00081279 christ
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00330-00081280-00081599 jesus the anointed this is saying
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00331-00081600-00081926 if which is the anointing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00332-00081927-00082311 or the anointed one in you but it is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00333-00082312-00082599 it's an anointing isn't it that's making
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00334-00082600-00082671 a difference
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00335-00082672-00082831 because he's emphasizing something right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00336-00082832-00082975 when we leave
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00337-00082976-00083262 out jesus christ or we leave our jesus
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00338-00083263-00083382 nazareth
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00339-00083383-00083575 it's talking about that anointing that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00340-00083576-00083903 was to focus into the anointing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00341-00083904-00084055 here's the thing when we start reading
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00342-00084056-00084238 these texts it's kind of like what
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00343-00084239-00084399 happened when you read matthew mark luke
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00344-00084400-00084559 and john
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00345-00084560-00084679 you go if you're going to preach from
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00346-00084680-00084918 reverse tomorrow you better go see what
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00347-00084919-00085062 matthew says about that same thing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00348-00085063-00085199 you better go see who says about the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00349-00085200-00085343 same thing and you better go see what
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00350-00085344-00085518 john
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00351-00085519-00085662 but says about find it every one of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00352-00085663-00085862 those guys bring a different kind of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00353-00085863-00086006 truth to that same place
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00354-00086007-00086255 the same text i think people get the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00355-00086256-00086391 fullness of the truth
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00356-00086392-00086591 it is it is wise for you to go look at
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00357-00086592-00086775 what everybody said about that thing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00358-00086776-00086943 rather than to take what john said about
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00359-00086944-00087079 that thing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00360-00087080-00087271 no idea what this when we start talking
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00361-00087272-00087455 about the workings of god within us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00362-00087456-00087615 we got to take into consideration what
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00363-00087616-00087887 the whole truth of scripture talks about
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00364-00087888-00088159 for example paul says i am crucified
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00365-00088160-00088262 with god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00366-00088263-00088606 nevertheless i live yet not i but christ
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00367-00088607-00088999 liveth in me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00368-00089000-00089399 christ is living expressing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00369-00089400-00089703 evidencing manifest himself thinking
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00370-00089704-00090071 inspiring he's moving through me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00371-00090072-00090231 and that last verse of what he told me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00372-00090232-00090350 what he really trying to get he said
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00373-00090351-00090423 wherefore i
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00374-00090424-00090750 also labor striving according to the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00375-00090751-00090855 workings
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00376-00090856-00091255 to his work was working mightily
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00377-00091256-00091638 first within what you see on the outside
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00378-00091639-00091815 is only the evidence of what is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00379-00091816-00092159 happening mightily within paul ryan
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00380-00092160-00092335 so we often talk about how power this
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00381-00092336-00092567 great apostle but what we really fail to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00382-00092568-00092750 realize is the mighty workings of the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00383-00092751-00092911 spirit deeper within paul
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00384-00092912-00093223 yeah all that working right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00385-00093224-00093494 and if we would come to realize that god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00386-00093495-00093743 has called us into that same body
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00387-00093744-00093959 paul is a member of the same body of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00388-00093960-00094047 christ
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00389-00094048-00094415 yes and i would say the same anointing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00390-00094416-00094735 yes and that becomes the focus
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00391-00094736-00094894 is this purpose moving because the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00392-00094895-00095055 problem is moving or am i moving it
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00393-00095056-00095271 if you are annoyed with it or you annoy
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00394-00095272-00095574 that the puppet or annoyed at me
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00395-00095575-00095694 it would have to be me because the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00396-00095695-00095831 prophet can't do anything in and of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00397-00095832-00096031 itself the focus is never on us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00398-00096032-00096206 if jesus is taking out a scenario
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00399-00096207-00096343 everything that we're doing is vain
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00400-00096344-00096479 it's just garbage you don't want to take
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00401-00096480-00096711 that out you're right the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00402-00096712-00096959 old thing it says in the end it says
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00403-00096960-00097135 every knee shall bow and every tongue
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00404-00097136-00097271 shall confess
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00405-00097272-00097582 that the anointing is god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00406-00097583-00097782 yes every knee shall bind every tongue
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00407-00097783-00098087 shall confess that jesus jesus christ
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00408-00098088-00098311 so everything comes out of this we got
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00409-00098312-00098567 one single focus one single man
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00410-00098568-00098750 we got one and he's the only point of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00411-00098751-00098967 contention that is in the universe
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00412-00098968-00099303 there will never be a a a compromise or
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00413-00099304-00099462 reconciliation of darkness with
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00414-00099463-00099615 lightning is light
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00415-00099616-00099918 so we can reconcile buddha in in in
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00416-00099919-00100094 anointings and anything else we want to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00417-00100095-00100262 we can even reconcile god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00418-00100263-00100535 when it gets aside from christ christ is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00419-00100536-00100599 the point
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00420-00100600-00100879 he is the point that the one name that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00421-00100880-00101006 seems afraid of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00422-00101007-00101287 one authority that he must give to only
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00423-00101288-00101423 one person
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00424-00101424-00101774 never my deeds never what i'm doing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00425-00101775-00102159 no t jesus no
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00426-00102160-00102542 it's it's not an anointing it's the man
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00427-00102543-00102823 right by whom the anointing comes there
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00428-00102824-00102975 is no anointing without
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00429-00102976-00103278 jesus not foreign i agree that's where
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00430-00103279-00103710 the power of the holy
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00431-00103711-00103910 great i wanted spirit focus on in verse
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00432-00103911-00104127 29 the word labor
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00433-00104128-00104415 yes sir because in matthew chapter 11
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00434-00104416-00104582 this is what jesus says
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00435-00104583-00104886 come unto me all you need that labor
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00436-00104888-00105271 and a heavy lady all right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00437-00105272-00105486 but here he's talking about labor and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00438-00105488-00105639 what he's talking about in matthew is a
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00439-00105640-00105831 different kind of labor
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00440-00105832-00106086 both of my labor but one of them
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00441-00106088-00106239 laboring is causing me to be
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00442-00106240-00106527 tired and heavy-laden and burdened but
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00443-00106528-00106566 this
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00444-00106567-00106975 labor which is being initiated
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00445-00106976-00107302 and rocked by god from the inside
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00446-00107303-00107447 this is the real neighbor that he's
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00447-00107448-00107686 called you to what he's trying to call
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00448-00107688-00107902 men out of in matthew chapter 11
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00449-00107903-00108086 in that thing that they were doing out
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00450-00108088-00108295 of themselves by themselves right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00451-00108296-00108575 yes it's the labeling that you try to do
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00452-00108576-00108775 when you read the script and say that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00453-00108776-00109054 that's all uh doing the one second if
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00454-00109055-00109247 this might jump one to the other is when
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00455-00109248-00109409 you try to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00456-00109410-00110485 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00457-00110486-00110695 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00458-00110696-00110871 stone to stone him boy they're so rough
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00459-00110872-00111110 right here
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00460-00111111-00111343 no the spirit of god has undergirded him
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00461-00111344-00111431 now
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00462-00111432-00111663 and spirited satan to me stephen is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00463-00111664-00111878 being moved and carried by the spirit of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00464-00111879-00112015 god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00465-00112016-00112254 he testified before the sanhedrin and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00466-00112255-00112447 even while they have taken their phones
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00467-00112448-00112671 to kill him and are slowing him
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00468-00112672-00112910 he says to them lay not this thing to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00469-00112911-00112975 them
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00470-00112976-00113286 he did it right he just said
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00471-00113288-00113671 ouch so there's a difference between the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00472-00113672-00113910 labor that we see in verse 29
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00473-00113911-00114134 and the labor that paul is that jesus is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00474-00114135-00114223 talking about
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00475-00114224-00114495 in matthew chapter 11. matthew chapter
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00476-00114496-00114534 11
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00477-00114535-00114719 he's calling you out of your own
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00478-00114720-00114871 self-labor
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00479-00114872-00115023 and here you see that he's got a
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00480-00115024-00115223 laboring for you and that's what jesus
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00481-00115224-00115295 was saying
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00482-00115296-00115719 the father worketh hitherto
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00483-00115720-00116166 and i work and i will yeah
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00484-00116167-00116334 this is the kingdom work that we want to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00485-00116335-00116551 focus on and this is how we will be able
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00486-00116552-00116575 to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00487-00116576-00116871 feel the eternal purpose of god when we
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00488-00116872-00116990 learn
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00489-00116991-00117247 and it's not us being able to initiate
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00490-00117248-00117399 the thing and trying to do it out of our
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00491-00117400-00117519 own power
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00492-00117520-00117790 this time but this power is not only for
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00493-00117791-00117886 laboring
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00494-00117888-00118102 the other verse 24 so this power is for
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00495-00118103-00118343 suffering
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00496-00118344-00118590 you enjoy it right it's for dying
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00497-00118591-00118719 reflection
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00498-00118720-00119671 of the anointing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00499-00119672-00119878 the anointing i think empowers us to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00500-00119879-00120007 abide in christ
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00501-00120008-00120231 yeah and if we abide in christ then
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00502-00120232-00120375 christ will work for us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00503-00120376-00120878 right nothing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00504-00120879-00121086 for him to allow things to be for us to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00505-00121088-00121247 allow him to do things to us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00506-00121248-00121543 i i think the anointing allows us to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00507-00121544-00121663 right
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00508-00121664-00122134 it empowers us to abide
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00509-00122135-00122502 right it's that anointing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00510-00122503-00122663 so we just need to continue to work and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00511-00122664-00123039 allow the anointing to remove the burden
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00512-00123040-00123175 you know there was something that you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00513-00123176-00123383 when he said allow me to it
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00514-00123383-00123743 and i said uh the foul you said
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00515-00123744-00123927 by it and what i can't remember what he
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00516-00123928-00124054 said but
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00517-00124055-00124263 it says not that goes into a man that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00518-00124264-00124447 defiles him but what comes out of him
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00519-00124448-00124590 yeah so there is a place where this
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00520-00124591-00124831 public can and not of its own will
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00521-00124832-00125023 where it can stay on my hand or it can
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00522-00125024-00125151 come off of it
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00523-00125152-00125383 and that's that's that's where we lay we
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00524-00125383-00125566 can't do the works of christ but we can
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00525-00125567-00125734 abide in him in such a manner
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00526-00125735-00125943 that he can work through us and i think
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00527-00125944-00126086 that's where the deceptions are going to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00528-00126088-00126295 come in and why it's going to be so
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00529-00126296-00126534 easy to see because it says that in the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00530-00126535-00126654 end times that even
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00531-00126655-00126831 if it were possible that if it were
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00532-00126832-00127039 possible that even the very elect would
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00533-00127040-00127143 be deceived
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00534-00127144-00127454 yes sir we abide in christ yeah
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00535-00127455-00127583 doing those things that keep us in
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00536-00127583-00127758 alignment with him
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00537-00127759-00127966 then when he starts to work through us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00538-00127967-00128119 it's not something we're even taking on
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00539-00128120-00128254 our own but we don't do it like they
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00540-00128255-00128375 rent their clothes
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00541-00128376-00128534 yeah when they tour their clothes
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00542-00128535-00128678 they're like man ain't us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00543-00128679-00128927 this is who's working in and through us
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00544-00128928-00129095 so we come to that point where we know
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00545-00129096-00129239 we didn't initiate the action
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00546-00129240-00129447 so we can't take credit for it but for
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00547-00129448-00129543 those who are not
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00548-00129544-00129847 submitted to jesus of nazareth
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00549-00129848-00129990 they're going to be able to do some
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00550-00129991-00130278 stuff that's not initiated of jesus of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00551-00130279-00130478 nazareth is going to look a lot like
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00552-00130479-00130743 stuff that jesus of nazareth is doing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00553-00130744-00130951 but we who know jesus of nazareth and
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00554-00130952-00131031 who have
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00555-00131032-00131319 submitted ourselves to his leading won't
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00556-00131320-00131423 fall prey to that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00557-00131424-00131551 because we don't understand who's
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00558-00131552-00131687 getting the glory out of the whole life
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00559-00131688-00131735 yeah
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00560-00131736-00132007 yeah because you know you know i think
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00561-00132008-00132054 that
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00562-00132055-00132302 that's what i'm saying is the anointing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00563-00132303-00132471 because that jawbone
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00564-00132472-00132671 jimmy wasn't the reason he used the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00565-00132672-00132854 jawbone to feed the army
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00566-00132855-00133071 is to say is that you know a jawbone
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00567-00133072-00133223 can't do nothing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00568-00133224-00133478 but there's the anointing the energy of
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00569-00133479-00133631 the anointing is a person
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00570-00133632-00133902 yes yes come out make sure you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00571-00133903-00134014 understand this
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00572-00134015-00134343 the anointing is a person the holy ghost
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00573-00134344-00134823 yes whoa
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00574-00134824-00135135 matthew jesus is telling them come unto
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00575-00135136-00135375 me all you that labor in a heavy lady
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00576-00135376-00135663 and i will give you wrath okay so he's
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00577-00135664-00135911 calling them out of work
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00578-00135912-00136175 but then he said take my yoke upon you
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00579-00136176-00136278 yes sir
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00580-00136279-00136390 wait a minute i thought you were calling
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00581-00136391-00136527 me out of work you were talking about
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00582-00136528-00136719 this now you're talking about eo
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00583-00136720-00137031 because i want you to use anointing
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00584-00137032-00137271 a yo implied that you can get ready to
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00585-00137272-00137888 go back
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00586-00137889-00138683 [Applause]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00587-00138684-00138959 work and show you how to enter into the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00588-00138960-00139127 work
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00589-00139128-00139519 you are created to work
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00590-00139520-00139799 so so if you understand that six days
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00591-00139800-00140078 that you labor
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00592-00140079-00140351 on the seventh day there was the day set
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00593-00140352-00140519 aside for fellowship and communion with
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00594-00140520-00140583 god
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00595-00140584-00140823 yes on the seventh day only god is
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00596-00140824-00140919 allowed to work
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00597-00140920-00141190 woo and it's through the power of the
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00598-00141191-00143596 holy spirit
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00599-00143597-00144414 [Music]
+Vr2dpGgmpXQ-00600-00144415-00144624 you
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00000-00000000-00000191 the functional idea of providing
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00001-00000192-00000437 workspace paired with on-trend colors
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00002-00000438-00000692 and designs is what launched their brand
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00003-00000693-00000979 and they haven't looked back since today
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00004-00000980-00001244 all for color is a bright and colorful
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00005-00001245-00001418 collection of fashion accessories
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00006-00001419-00001673 footwear and apparel for women of all
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00007-00001673-00002002 ages visit odd coupons calm or click the
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00008-00002003-00002209 link below this video for all four color
+VrXrQ2jLKZc-00009-00002210-00002459 coupons
+VsfSDD-Owk0-00001-00005994-00008968 foreign
+VsfSDD-Owk0-00004-00019823-00022610 foreign
+VsfSDD-Owk0-00006-00026118-00026512 foreign
+VsfSDD-Owk0-00007-00026513-00029140 [Music]
+VsfSDD-Owk0-00008-00029141-00029441 foreign
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00000-00000008-00000303 hi friends welcome to day 24
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00001-00000304-00001652 of advent
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00002-00001653-00001975 [Music]
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00003-00001976-00002215 day 24 it's the last filmed video of
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00004-00002216-00002302 advent
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00005-00002303-00002534 i am technically doing a 25th day of
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00006-00002535-00002687 advent tomorrow is my regularly
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00007-00002688-00002767 scheduled
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00008-00002768-00002966 live show um and i'm gonna go ahead and
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00009-00002967-00003118 do it even though it's christmas day
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00010-00003119-00003279 happy christmas eve by the way but
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00011-00003279-00003438 tomorrow is christmas day and i'm gonna
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00012-00003439-00003551 go ahead and do my live show in the
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00013-00003552-00003615 evening
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00014-00003615-00003903 because most people are not traveling or
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00015-00003904-00004038 able to spend time with their families
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00016-00004039-00004127 this year so
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00017-00004128-00004263 even if it's just me and a couple of you
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00018-00004264-00004431 that you know need some cheer need some
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00019-00004432-00004575 hanging out need some chatting we
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00020-00004576-00004679 probably will not
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00021-00004680-00004838 actually be doing productivity's friends
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00022-00004839-00005031 this time uh we probably will just be
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00023-00005032-00005191 chatting and hanging out but i may throw
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00024-00005192-00005311 in a few sprints
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00025-00005312-00005511 um just for fun but definitely gonna be
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00026-00005512-00005679 a hanging out night um just
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00027-00005680-00005943 so that people who don't have time to
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00028-00005944-00006095 don't have people to spend time with
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00029-00006096-00006318 could come and hang out and so i i hope
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00030-00006319-00006399 to see you there
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00031-00006400-00006598 um actually i hope to not see you there
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00032-00006600-00006734 because i hope that you have
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00033-00006736-00006855 people that you're spending time with
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00034-00006856-00007006 i'm gonna be alone most of christmas day
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00035-00007008-00007087 our family
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00036-00007088-00007278 is traditionally a christmas eve family
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00037-00007279-00007391 this year it's just going to be those of
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00038-00007392-00007567 us who live on the farm anyway so
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00039-00007568-00007710 um it'll be the same as thanksgiving
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00040-00007711-00007846 there'll be like a group of like 10 of
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00041-00007847-00007910 us who
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00042-00007911-00008134 all have homes on the farm so so yeah
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00043-00008136-00008278 that's that's where we are
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00044-00008279-00008487 today is another viewer question it
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00045-00008488-00008607 comes from kate kavanagh
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00046-00008608-00008767 and her question is how much does what
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00047-00008768-00008974 you're currently reading influence your
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00048-00008975-00009046 writing
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00049-00009047-00009295 typically what i'm reading doesn't
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00050-00009296-00009478 horribly influence my writing especially
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00051-00009479-00009599 if i'm reading
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00052-00009600-00009855 outside of the genre that i am reading
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00053-00009856-00009910 writing out
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00054-00009911-00010063 reading outside of the genre and writing
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00055-00010064-00010183 yeah that's it you've heard me talk
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00056-00010184-00010319 about this a little bit before
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00057-00010320-00010478 this month during abbott and also last
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00058-00010479-00010638 month doing an early read
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00059-00010639-00011038 of emily oliveira's book and i made it
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00060-00011039-00011199 i don't even remember how far into the
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00061-00011200-00011367 book i made it maybe 30
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00062-00011368-00011519 and was really enjoying it but i did
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00063-00011520-00011687 find that there were
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00064-00011688-00011927 enough similarities between her book and
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00065-00011928-00011991 my book
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00066-00011992-00012151 that i didn't want to continue reading
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00067-00012152-00012367 it um not because i didn't like it or
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00068-00012368-00012431 because i
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00069-00012432-00012614 didn't you know feel like it was worth
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00070-00012615-00012830 reading but because i didn't
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00071-00012831-00013158 want anything from her book to bleed
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00072-00013159-00013271 over into mine
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00073-00013272-00013447 like they were already similar enough i
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00074-00013447-00013615 didn't want anything that
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00075-00013616-00013815 was in her story to stick to my brain
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00076-00013816-00014030 and then make its way into my story
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00077-00014031-00014238 they were similar enough without that
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00078-00014240-00014383 help and i don't think there's anything
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00079-00014384-00014479 inherently wrong
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00080-00014480-00014766 with stories being similar or um two
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00081-00014768-00014911 people starting off with the same prompt
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00082-00014912-00015047 and writing a story because it's
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00083-00015047-00015222 never gonna be the same thing it really
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00084-00015223-00015455 is about the person writing the idea not
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00085-00015456-00015630 about the idea itself
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00086-00015631-00015807 um so i don't feel like there's any
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00087-00015808-00015991 issue with me and emily writing a very
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00088-00015991-00016071 similar story
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00089-00016072-00016199 it's not like either one of us had any
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00090-00016200-00016327 contact with the other while we were
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00091-00016328-00016471 writing them i've been working on mine
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00092-00016472-00016527 for
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00093-00016528-00016703 over a decade she's been working on hers
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00094-00016704-00016863 for years so i don't feel like there's
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00095-00016864-00016983 like any
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00096-00016984-00017150 there was never any crossover like in
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00097-00017151-00017383 the meantime we just had a similar idea
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00098-00017384-00017550 and wrote a similar story but i
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00099-00017551-00017679 definitely think that
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00100-00017680-00017983 there are if something is extremely
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00101-00017984-00018055 similar
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00102-00018056-00018207 to what i'm writing i think there's
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00103-00018208-00018471 definitely a
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00104-00018472-00018743 possibility of overlap and that was why
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00105-00018744-00018879 i stopped reading that so
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00106-00018880-00019039 as far as like what i'm reading
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00107-00019040-00019191 influencing what i'm writing
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00108-00019192-00019367 i would say only in the sense that
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00109-00019368-00019575 because i do try to subvert tropes into
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00110-00019576-00019671 my writing
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00111-00019672-00019879 if i see tropes multiple times that i
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00112-00019880-00020094 either think were done really poorly or
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00113-00020095-00020127 just
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00114-00020128-00020511 weren't done well enough in a specific
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00115-00020512-00020783 story then i will kind of pull that
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00116-00020784-00020830 trope
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00117-00020831-00021022 in and see what i can do to subvert it
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00118-00021023-00021158 but i don't feel like i
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00119-00021159-00021278 i don't feel like anything that i've
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00120-00021279-00021463 done has been like
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00121-00021464-00021799 expressly influenced by anything that i
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00122-00021800-00021903 was reading
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00123-00021904-00022278 i've definitely rewritten things that i
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00124-00022279-00022447 read something from someone else and
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00125-00022448-00022655 went wow
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00126-00022656-00022871 you could do way better than what you've
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00127-00022872-00022958 been doing because
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00128-00022959-00023191 look at like the the poetry and the
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00129-00023192-00023375 amazingness this person wrote and you
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00130-00023376-00023478 basically
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00131-00023479-00023711 just like pooped on a piece of paper and
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00132-00023712-00023847 called it a day
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00133-00023848-00024078 so it's definitely made me want to write
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00134-00024079-00024214 better it's made me want to be a better
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00135-00024215-00024391 writer it's made me want to be
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00136-00024392-00024567 more knowledgeable about what i'm
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00137-00024568-00024719 writing about and to
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00138-00024720-00024903 try harder but i don't know that it's
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00139-00024904-00025119 necessarily influenced
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00140-00025120-00025422 so take that as you will
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00141-00025423-00025806 let's do our kinda sort of last
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00142-00025807-00025927 creator spotlight because we'll have one
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00143-00025927-00026078 tomorrow during the live show too let's
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00144-00026079-00026206 do the last one that we're gonna pull
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00145-00026207-00026255 from
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00146-00026256-00026431 the shelves so today's creator spotlight
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00147-00026432-00026607 will be
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00148-00026608-00026927 cb friends cb is a writing focused
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00149-00026927-00026974 channel
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00150-00026975-00027279 she is an author she is a teenager in
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00151-00027280-00027358 college
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00152-00027360-00027543 her channel is very new so she has
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00153-00027544-00027727 probably 12 videos i think up
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00154-00027727-00027918 she has started doing some live streams
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00155-00027919-00028087 she has advice on teens and i think
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00156-00028088-00028214 that's something that a
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00157-00028216-00028462 lot of other author chief creators don't
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00158-00028463-00028527 have
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00159-00028527-00028743 um because cb is a teen and she is like
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00160-00028744-00028927 a modern day teen versus like i mean
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00161-00028927-00029111 i've been a teen but it was a long time
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00162-00029112-00029158 ago
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00163-00029160-00029351 cb has advice not only on how to write
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00164-00029352-00029535 teens well but also advice
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00165-00029536-00029751 for other teens on how to write both of
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00166-00029752-00029943 those distinctions can be found
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00167-00029944-00030167 on cb's channel plus she's just fun and
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00168-00030168-00030287 bubbly and i like her
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00169-00030288-00030462 if you haven't checked out cb definitely
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00170-00030463-00030662 do she's a fun one and i highly
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00171-00030663-00030743 recommend
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00172-00030744-00030958 that is it for me today thank you for
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00173-00030960-00031135 joining me for these advent videos i'll
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00174-00031136-00031199 do
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00175-00031200-00031455 more of like uh thank y'all for joining
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00176-00031456-00031502 me
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00177-00031503-00031711 in the live show tomorrow but i really
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00178-00031712-00031839 do appreciate you joining me for the
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00179-00031839-00031935 advent videos
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00180-00031936-00032118 and i really do hope that you were able
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00181-00032119-00032302 to find some new creators to love and
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00182-00032303-00032399 enjoy
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00183-00032400-00032783 during this season and until next time
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00184-00032784-00034305 i will see you guys later bye
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00185-00034306-00034931 [Music]
+VtpsXU1ApmU-00186-00034932-00035232 do
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00000-00000104-00000518 this math 142 and this is the the final
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00001-00000519-00000692 practice this is question number one and
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00002-00000693-00000932 for this question we are supposed to
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00003-00000933-00001157 find the exact value of all six trig
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00004-00001158-00001462 functions of this value right here theta
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00005-00001463-00001841 is negative two PI over three so let's
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00006-00001842-00002042 use our unit circle and figure out where
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00007-00002043-00002434 this where this happens at so 2 PI over
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00008-00002435-00002666 3 if I think about positive 2 PI over 3
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00009-00002667-00002860 it's here so that would be this rotation
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00010-00002861-00003175 to here so a negative rotation of the
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00011-00003176-00003608 same amount would be to here so this is
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00012-00003609-00003836 the same and by the same I mean
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00013-00003836-00004181 coterminal as 4 PI over 3 and you can
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00014-00004182-00004427 also get that by it by going to PI a
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00015-00004428-00004829 full rotation - that 2 PI over 3 but
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00016-00004830-00004981 however you get it you get it and so
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00017-00004982-00005150 then now we know these values are
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00018-00005151-00005366 associated with it the x value and the y
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00019-00005367-00005695 value so we can get all of those values
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00020-00005696-00006498 then sine of it cosine of it tangent
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00021-00006500-00006792 you
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00022-00006793-00007128 and in the unit circle we know that sign
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00023-00007129-00007389 is highteeeee signs the y-value so it's
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00024-00007390-00007644 negative root 3 over 2 cosine is the x
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00025-00007645-00008109 value negative 1/2 and as I keep going
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00026-00008109-00008444 from there tangent is is y over X so
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00027-00008445-00008766 that would be negative root 3 over 2
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00028-00008767-00009156 over negative 1/2 and you can notice
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00029-00009157-00009333 that that the negatives will divide out
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00030-00009334-00009540 and the one house will divide out so
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00031-00009541-00009729 that just leaves me a square root of 3
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00032-00009730-00010121 and then the other reciprocal values are
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00033-00010122-00010425 pretty easy to get at if I look at if I
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00034-00010426-00010755 look at secant I can take reciprocal of
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00035-00010756-00011000 negative 1/2 so that's negative 2
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00036-00011001-00011331 cosecant take the reciprocal of sine so
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00037-00011332-00011724 that be negative 2 over root 3 and if I
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00038-00011725-00011874 rationalize that denominator that's
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00039-00011875-00012248 going to be negative 2 or 3 over 3 and
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00040-00012249-00012513 then tangent is root 3 so cotangent
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00041-00012514-00012771 would be 1 over root 3 again if I
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00042-00012772-00013097 rationalize that root 3 over 3 and there
+Vv8LAp0QTwy-00043-00013099-00013329 they all are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00000-00000008-00000214 now and then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00001-00000215-00000447 putting started wonderful
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00002-00000448-00000655 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00003-00000656-00000815 and then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00004-00000816-00001215 meg i believe is going to be um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00005-00001216-00001814 one second
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00006-00001816-00003095 can you hear
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00007-00003096-00004351 okay we're good
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00008-00004352-00004895 okay so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00009-00004896-00005086 okay so jenna will be introducing the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00010-00005087-00005470 panel right now um and so we are so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00011-00005471-00005679 excited uh on behalf of the tufts middle
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00012-00005680-00005959 east research group to have muhammad
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00013-00005960-00006279 kareem and nishad here for this exciting
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00014-00006280-00006439 panel i'm going to pass it over to my
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00015-00006440-00006751 colleague jenna and she will introduce
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00016-00006752-00007083 this exciting event
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00017-00007084-00007439 hi okay thank you so much for being here
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00018-00007440-00007631 first of all i'll begin the introduction
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00019-00007631-00007814 to the event right now
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00020-00007815-00008039 so hello everyone and welcome to our
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00021-00008040-00008295 panel on climate and climate change in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00022-00008296-00008495 the middle east and north africa i'm
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00023-00008496-00008614 just going to read this computer a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00024-00008615-00008742 little bit
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00025-00008743-00008942 today we will be discussing topics such
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00026-00008943-00009191 as the effects of cop 26 the united
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00027-00009192-00009406 nations climate change conference on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00028-00009407-00009695 region the pressures that countries and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00029-00009696-00009878 groups are facing relating to climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00030-00009879-00010055 and environmental issues
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00031-00010056-00010255 and to the ways that activists in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00032-00010256-00010471 region have stepped up to client to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00033-00010472-00010671 combat the crisis such as all of you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00034-00010672-00010783 three
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00035-00010784-00010959 we have three wonderful speaking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00036-00010960-00011199 speakers with us today with expertise
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00037-00011200-00011423 and a long history of work in the region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00038-00011424-00011631 that we are excited to welcome
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00039-00011632-00011910 nishad shanafi is a climate advocate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00040-00011911-00012183 energy and policy expert on the middle
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00041-00012184-00012359 east he was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00042-00012360-00012567 distinguished as one of the world's 100
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00043-00012568-00012742 most influential people in climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00044-00012743-00013079 policy 2019 by apolitical
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00045-00013080-00013343 nishad's work involves grassroots
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00046-00013344-00013551 awareness policy and research to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00047-00013552-00013758 advocate for laws and policies that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00048-00013759-00013975 create lasting environmental change at
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00049-00013976-00014271 multiple scales from national to local
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00050-00014272-00014511 karim el gendi is an urban practitioner
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00051-00014512-00014758 and sustainability consultant based in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00052-00014759-00015038 london with 20 years of experience
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00053-00015040-00015247 his current work focuses on developing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00054-00015247-00015494 sustainable and resilient cities urban
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00055-00015495-00015719 developments and buildings in the middle
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00056-00015719-00015966 east and north africa but his experience
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00057-00015968-00016175 spans europe north america and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00058-00016176-00016366 sub-saharan africa
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00059-00016368-00016615 karim is the founder and coordinator of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00060-00016616-00016894 carboon an advocacy initiative promoting
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00061-00016895-00017094 sustainability in cities of the middle
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00062-00017095-00017327 east and north africa through research
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00063-00017328-00017519 and communication
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00064-00017520-00017767 dr mohamed mahmoud is the director of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00065-00017768-00017975 climate and water of the climate and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00066-00017976-00018135 water program at the middle east
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00067-00018136-00018255 institute
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00068-00018256-00018494 his areas of expertise include climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00069-00018495-00018822 change adaptation water policy analysis
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00070-00018823-00019014 and scenario planning
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00071-00019015-00019214 he has previously been a senior policy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00072-00019215-00019494 analyst at the central arizona water
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00073-00019495-00019719 conservation district where he provided
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00074-00019720-00019967 research modeling and analysis on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00075-00019968-00020279 interstate colorado river basin programs
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00076-00020280-00020527 and binational water issues between the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00077-00020528-00020814 united states and mexico he is also a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00078-00020815-00021150 faculty associate at the arizona state
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00079-00021151-00021278 university
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00080-00021279-00021535 thank you all so much for joining us i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00081-00021536-00021727 will now pass off to our moderator for
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00082-00021728-00022047 today's panel carolina hidalgo macabe a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00083-00022048-00022263 junior studying international relations
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00084-00022264-00022519 and civic studies who is co-president of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00085-00022520-00022767 the middle east research group
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00086-00022768-00022958 thank you so much jenna for that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00087-00022959-00023278 introduction and for being with us today
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00088-00023279-00023447 we're so excited to have this panel and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00089-00023448-00023655 welcome all who are joining on zoom and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00090-00023656-00023935 in person in cabot 206. we're so excited
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00091-00023936-00024119 that you took the time out of your busy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00092-00024120-00024255 afternoons
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00093-00024256-00024486 to make time for this exciting event
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00094-00024487-00024727 this evening if anyone in the audience
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00095-00024728-00024983 has questions at any point feel free to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00096-00024984-00025271 submit them via the q a feature on zoom
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00097-00025272-00025527 and you can also text message them to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00098-00025528-00025822 meg in person in cabot 206. we will get
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00099-00025823-00026070 to them in the latter half of the event
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00100-00026072-00026231 i just want to open up this panel
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00101-00026232-00026423 starting off with each of you taking two
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00102-00026424-00026623 to three minutes to introduce yourself a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00103-00026624-00026839 little bit more than those bios and your
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00104-00026839-00027374 work and we'll start with you nishab
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00105-00027375-00027551 thank you i'm the most genuine i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00106-00027552-00027695 probably believe that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00107-00027695-00027902 so thank you so much for the invitation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00108-00027904-00028070 uh so i'm gonna show them based here in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00109-00028072-00028351 doha in qatar so i've been working with
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00110-00028352-00028583 more on the youth advocacy uh since i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00111-00028583-00028799 co-founded arab youth climate on qatar
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00112-00028800-00029039 in 2015 which was a youth club back then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00113-00029039-00029223 which also was a first graduate back
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00114-00029224-00029518 then too and then in 2018 we became a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00115-00029519-00029679 registered environmental association
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00116-00029680-00029870 first of its kind which is independent
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00117-00029872-00030023 non-governmental organization here in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00118-00030024-00030270 the state of pata so i really work on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00119-00030272-00030495 youth advocacy and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00120-00030495-00030711 since 2015 i also had option day to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00121-00030712-00030935 attend the corps so i've been actively
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00122-00030936-00031087 engaging young people from the region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00123-00031088-00031279 and the role of young people in climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00124-00031280-00031431 advocacy awareness and also policy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00125-00031432-00031662 development so a lot of work on capacity
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00126-00031663-00031823 building for young people within the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00127-00031824-00031990 region and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00128-00031991-00032270 coming back to the region again in 2022
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00129-00032272-00032446 and 2023 would be in the middle east and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00130-00032447-00032711 north africa region so what are stakes
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00131-00032712-00032862 for the young people in the region this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00132-00032863-00032990 is the work we've been doing now it's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00133-00032991-00033207 the time to ask the showcase so that's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00134-00033208-00033343 what i've been doing and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00135-00033344-00033471 that's what i'm trying to do
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00136-00033472-00033631 professionally i'm a design engineer
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00137-00033632-00033895 working in water industry also recently
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00138-00033896-00034039 joining another organization as well as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00139-00034040-00034471 templatica and carbon expert too
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00140-00034472-00034646 thank you so much nishad we can go to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00141-00034647-00035031 you muhammad next
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00142-00035032-00035311 sure thank you carolina so uh my name is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00143-00035312-00035662 mohammed mahmoud and uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00144-00035663-00035846 somewhat newly minted i mean it's been a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00145-00035847-00036023 few months but director of the climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00146-00036024-00036223 and water program at the middle east
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00147-00036224-00036335 institute
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00148-00036336-00036495 uh you know a lot of my work and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00149-00036496-00036735 background is focused primarily on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00150-00036736-00036887 nexus of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00151-00036888-00037174 climate change and water resources
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00152-00037175-00037311 amongst other
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00153-00037312-00037518 sort of drawing impacts from climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00154-00037519-00037630 change but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00155-00037631-00037807 a lot of my work is looking at well how
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00156-00037808-00038062 do we how do we expand adaptation as it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00157-00038063-00038287 relates to climate change impacts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00158-00038288-00038518 primarily in natural resources and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00159-00038519-00038774 environment and most more so water
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00160-00038775-00039046 resources and how it's utilized to meet
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00161-00039047-00039223 demand both
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00162-00039224-00039439 in the municipal way for populations and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00163-00039440-00039639 residents as well as agricultural use
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00164-00039640-00039862 and uh and industry
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00165-00039863-00039990 so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00166-00039991-00040159 a lot of my focus is more on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00167-00040160-00040351 technical aspects as it relates to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00168-00040352-00040502 climate change as it relates to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00169-00040503-00040655 adaptation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00170-00040656-00040935 and to a lesser degree mitigation so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00171-00040936-00041071 i'll leave it at that so we can have
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00172-00041072-00041318 more more time for discussion later
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00173-00041319-00041567 yes thank you so much muhammad and we'll
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00174-00041568-00042135 go to you kareem
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00175-00042136-00042415 thank you so um like mohammed i'm also
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00176-00042416-00042567 rather technical
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00177-00042568-00042799 my name is karim gendi and i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00178-00042800-00042927 as i say i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00179-00042928-00043046 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00180-00043047-00043230 brought a technical background i focus
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00181-00043231-00043358 most of my
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00182-00043359-00043558 consulting work which you alluded to in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00183-00043559-00043783 the biography
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00184-00043784-00044046 on cities and urban developments
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00185-00044047-00044287 mostly large-scale developments
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00186-00044288-00044495 in the middle east and in africa in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00187-00044496-00044711 general
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00188-00044712-00044902 but also had this advocacy hat through
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00189-00044903-00045318 carbon which i founded in 2009
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00190-00045319-00045479 at the time i was back in the san
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00191-00045480-00045695 francisco bay area and i was quite
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00192-00045696-00045927 excited about sustainability in the mena
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00193-00045928-00046230 region um i focused specifically most of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00194-00046231-00046399 much of our research and advocacy work
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00195-00046400-00046671 and communication work uh on on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00196-00046672-00046830 cities
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00197-00046831-00047079 and and recently have become more of a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00198-00047080-00047279 researcher because of all the work that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00199-00047280-00047462 we've been doing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00200-00047463-00047718 for carbon uh for the last 12 years or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00201-00047719-00048055 so so i've joined chatham house as a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00202-00048056-00048262 associate fellow and i've also joined
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00203-00048263-00048558 muhammad on the middle east institute as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00204-00048559-00048790 a non-resident scholar and so that kind
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00205-00048791-00048918 of gives me a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00206-00048919-00049023 hat
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00207-00049024-00049286 that is more on the research expert side
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00208-00049287-00049407 focusing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00209-00049408-00049615 on um climate change adaptation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00210-00049616-00049855 mitigation but not exclusively on cities
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00211-00049856-00050127 it do a lot of work on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00212-00050128-00050318 on national national climate policies as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00213-00050319-00050671 well um like that go to all the all the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00214-00050672-00050935 cli the conferences of parties uh uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00215-00050936-00051118 including the last one here in glasgow
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00216-00051119-00051438 and and that exposes us quite a bit to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00217-00051439-00051694 um to the wider climate policy issues
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00218-00051695-00051990 and helps us implement um our work can
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00219-00051991-00052263 be that research advocacy or consultancy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00220-00052264-00052591 in a way that is more grounded
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00221-00052591-00052775 wonderful thank you so much and that's a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00222-00052776-00052966 great note to end on because our first
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00223-00052967-00053166 question opened up to whoever wants to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00224-00053167-00053438 start speaking first is i was hoping
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00225-00053439-00053575 each of you could let us know a little
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00226-00053576-00053766 bit about what some of the biggest and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00227-00053767-00054015 most significant outcomes of the cop 26
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00228-00054016-00054238 summit were impacting the mena region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00229-00054239-00054542 specifically um so any of you can start
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00230-00054544-00056879 off first
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00231-00056879-00057142 well the cop means a lot of things for
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00232-00057144-00057423 the world uh it's not a regional event
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00233-00057424-00057607 but it does have impacts on the region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00234-00057608-00057775 we have seen a few things happen in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00235-00057776-00057863 cop
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00236-00057864-00058094 that relate to the region we have seen
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00237-00058095-00058271 uh obviously the cop moving to the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00238-00058272-00058454 region in the next two cops and that was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00239-00058455-00058582 a big deal
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00240-00058583-00058766 it was widely uh discussed and what
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00241-00058767-00058950 would that mean and what kind of cops
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00242-00058951-00059135 are we going to get
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00243-00059136-00059391 in terms of the focus um there are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00244-00059391-00059719 already clues as to what charm
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00245-00059720-00059903 the cup and charm and equal 27 would
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00246-00059904-00060103 look like and what the abu dhabi cup
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00247-00060104-00060335 would look like as well
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00248-00060336-00060566 and they are different in terms of their
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00249-00060567-00060735 focus there probably will end up being
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00250-00060736-00060838 more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00251-00060839-00061087 adaptation in the case of in the case of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00252-00061088-00061335 charm and more about solutions in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00253-00061336-00061511 case of abu dhabi rather than
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00254-00061512-00061687 decarbonization and the push to increase
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00255-00061688-00061871 ambitions to cut carbon emissions we saw
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00256-00061872-00062159 here in glasgow these are very very
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00257-00062160-00062447 broad strokes so so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00258-00062448-00062606 forgive me for this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00259-00062607-00062750 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00260-00062751-00063047 we had uh also seen the emergence of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00261-00063048-00063271 some increased ambitions on climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00262-00063272-00063503 action in the mena region just before
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00263-00063504-00063750 the cop so that everyone ramped up their
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00264-00063751-00063871 ambition partly because they were
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00265-00063872-00064119 encouraged to do so uh by the ratchet
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00266-00064120-00064311 mechanism from the paris agreement that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00267-00064312-00064487 every country needs to update its ndc
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00268-00064488-00064647 there are the pledges for the paris
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00269-00064648-00064894 agreement um in a way that is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00270-00064895-00065071 more stringent more demanding than the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00271-00065072-00065294 one that they submitted five years ago
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00272-00065295-00065430 but there was a clause to allow
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00273-00065432-00065567 countries to do it every 10 years as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00274-00065568-00065855 well so a lot of countries didn't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00275-00065856-00066087 from the region i mean uh so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00276-00066088-00066215 those who did have increased their
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00277-00066216-00066367 ambitions quite significantly and we had
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00278-00066368-00066550 seen several
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00279-00066551-00066911 zero carbon um pledges again before
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00280-00066912-00067206 before the cup um these are not required
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00281-00067207-00067399 necessarily by the paris agreement but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00282-00067400-00067615 they were they indicate a certain change
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00283-00067616-00067855 in direction uh from some countries that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00284-00067856-00068103 have seen the opportunity to transition
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00285-00068104-00068415 to uh to a low-carbon economy even if
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00286-00068416-00068543 the paris agreement does not necessarily
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00287-00068544-00068711 require them to do this but the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00288-00068712-00068847 ambitions in general in terms of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00289-00068848-00069135 pledges have been going up um albeit uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00290-00069136-00069479 maybe modestly um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00291-00069480-00069735 and then um so so there's still sort of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00292-00069736-00069919 the bigger the bigger the bigger trends
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00293-00069920-00070079 and then it was the big idea that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00294-00070080-00070431 happened a regional idea that happened
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00295-00070432-00070582 just before the cop when saudi arabia
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00296-00070583-00070743 announced the middle east
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00297-00070744-00071023 green initiative which is uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00298-00071024-00071167 the first attempt the regional
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00299-00071168-00071343 collaboration and we've not seen
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00300-00071344-00071543 anything like this at least nothing that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00301-00071544-00071671 was called the middle east green
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00302-00071672-00071767 anything
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00303-00071768-00071959 um so that was that was quite
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00304-00071960-00072135 encouraging and the emergence of this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00305-00072136-00072406 new idea the carbon uh circular carbon
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00306-00072407-00072567 economy which is proposed by saudi
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00307-00072568-00072719 arabia and it's almost
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00308-00072720-00073294 a new framing of how climate should be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00309-00073295-00073471 managed how the climate issue should be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00310-00073472-00073703 addressed that is different from the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00311-00073704-00073919 current one that is on the table
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00312-00073920-00073982 and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00313-00073983-00074231 cops and every other climate forum so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00314-00074232-00074391 saudi arabia basically proposed a new
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00315-00074392-00074647 way and not just for itself but for the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00316-00074648-00074806 world so i think i think these are the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00317-00074807-00075055 big the big items i think that come to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00318-00075056-00075471 mind in terms of um in terms of physics
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00319-00075472-00075599 thank you so much and we'll go to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00320-00075600-00075799 unishad for a little bit of your insight
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00321-00075800-00076062 on the cop 26 outcomes well i would i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00322-00076063-00076262 would jump into more um on a youth
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00323-00076263-00076494 perspective what what gained and what is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00324-00076495-00076815 up to the cop27 company eight in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00325-00076816-00076903 region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00326-00076904-00077159 uh not much were
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00327-00077160-00077350 part of the cop26 the inclusivity was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00328-00077351-00077543 the main part uh much of the young
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00329-00077544-00077671 people weren't able to of course with
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00330-00077672-00077815 the covert restriction there were a lot
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00331-00077816-00077911 of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00332-00077912-00078062 confusion and of course some of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00333-00078063-00078311 countries where vaccination wasn't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00334-00078312-00078487 proven so they were not able to travel
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00335-00078488-00078823 and provided no sufficient funding to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00336-00078824-00079031 global south to participate in general
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00337-00079032-00079311 the number was still the same old number
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00338-00079312-00079479 and again from the global south it was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00339-00079480-00079662 again we see the young people from the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00340-00079663-00079782 global not looks like they're going to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00341-00079783-00080038 save the world but absolutely no and now
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00342-00080039-00080279 the whole cop is coming to the region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00343-00080280-00080359 so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00344-00080360-00080623 the things that the the whole um mode of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00345-00080624-00080823 operandi would change we wouldn't see
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00346-00080824-00081087 greater marching in cairo or in abu
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00347-00081088-00081415 dhabi and those sort of you know um what
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00348-00081416-00081638 is so well-known climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00349-00081639-00081838 action from the you know fridays for
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00350-00081839-00082047 future or other young activists from the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00351-00082048-00082199 global north who are very prone to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00352-00082200-00082399 marches and parliament marches
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00353-00082400-00082535 how would they
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00354-00082536-00082687 fit into the context of the middle
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00355-00082688-00082982 eastern system and you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00356-00082983-00083215 this are either authoritarian or a half
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00357-00083216-00083447 democratic system so how do they fit
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00358-00083448-00083694 into this sort of advocacy but yes in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00359-00083695-00083999 the past region we did host cop here in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00360-00084000-00084271 doha in 2012 which is called cop 18 and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00361-00084272-00084479 in in turkey i believe in the past also
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00362-00084480-00084743 hosted but there wasn't sort of this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00363-00084744-00084926 advocacy and young people marching the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00364-00084927-00085118 street calling for actions were in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00365-00085119-00085367 common in the past but now it has been a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00366-00085368-00085591 very household thing now the climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00367-00085592-00085791 change is not more political anymore
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00368-00085792-00085943 young people take us like a part of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00369-00085944-00086271 their own and this has been changed how
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00370-00086272-00086406 youth movements have been seen in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00371-00086407-00086535 gulf region or in the middle east as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00372-00086536-00086655 such
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00373-00086656-00086943 more like towards north africa you see
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00374-00086944-00087094 more marches and young people are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00375-00087095-00087326 demanding for more actions a lot of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00376-00087327-00087455 social entrepreneurs are social
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00377-00087456-00087599 activists coming up
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00378-00087600-00087847 very profoundly on social media or in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00379-00087848-00087982 other media channels
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00380-00087983-00088135 this would be going high and it's a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00381-00088136-00088294 great time for the leadership for young
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00382-00088295-00088503 people from the region to showcase what
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00383-00088504-00088726 they've been doing and how they can
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00384-00088727-00088935 collectively work with now i wouldn't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00385-00088936-00089087 say global south also is not going to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00386-00089088-00089262 save the world but now it is time to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00387-00089263-00089503 showcase what is at stake for them which
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00388-00089504-00089718 are always goes under the media light
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00389-00089719-00089887 you only see a few on the top of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00390-00089888-00090087 media and a lot of the actions or young
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00391-00090088-00090262 people dust at the ground it is the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00392-00090263-00090479 right time for them to showcase and um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00393-00090480-00090638 it would be a challenging task for the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00394-00090639-00090815 young people from the region but i think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00395-00090816-00091031 this is a good timing for for those
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00396-00091032-00091159 summits to come to this part of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00397-00091160-00091415 world as a part of the u.n cycle process
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00398-00091416-00091591 site it comes to now africa and then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00399-00091592-00091759 goes to asia which goes to now uae
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00400-00091760-00092023 because of the asia one so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00401-00092024-00092262 a lot of stakes for young people uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00402-00092263-00092503 i would i would love i would love to say
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00403-00092504-00092638 mohammed this is something i'm actually
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00404-00092639-00092871 writing in the coming days what would it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00405-00092872-00093038 look like for young people for from the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00406-00093039-00093271 minor region how cop 26 and all the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00407-00093272-00093471 march greater than asking people to come
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00408-00093472-00093743 on streets how does that put into
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00409-00093744-00093950 contest in the middle east perspective
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00410-00093951-00094159 and what young people can showcase to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00411-00094160-00094374 the west that it's not necessary to be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00412-00094375-00094535 on the street to make sure demands are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00413-00094536-00094750 heard at the highest level there are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00414-00094751-00094918 more than other ways to do that which we
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00415-00094919-00095087 have been doing for example through arab
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00416-00095088-00095271 youth climate movement we have been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00417-00095272-00095415 trying to do in a way i wouldn't be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00418-00095416-00095647 saying we successful we tried in a more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00419-00095648-00095879 diplomatic approach where we we weren't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00420-00095880-00096038 fighting with or or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00421-00096039-00096238 putting ourselves in the streets to make
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00422-00096239-00096406 our governments heard but in more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00423-00096407-00096550 diplomatic approach where we've been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00424-00096551-00096759 approaching the government and how we
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00425-00096760-00096967 can have a seat in those discussion we
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00426-00096968-00097126 were like now if you ask some of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00427-00097127-00097311 countries in the global north where
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00428-00097312-00097503 they're asked for being on the part of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00429-00097504-00097582 the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00430-00097583-00097759 national discussion for climate action
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00431-00097760-00097903 or climate agenda where they're part of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00432-00097904-00098150 they said no we are working on with them
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00433-00098151-00098294 but i would say we were part of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00434-00098295-00098447 national ndc discussion here in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00435-00098448-00098662 state of qatar because our work that's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00436-00098663-00098838 how we work with the government here
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00437-00098839-00098991 more like um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00438-00098992-00099223 diplomacy and how youth agenda can be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00439-00099224-00099350 part of the discussion so we were
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00440-00099351-00099599 fortunate to be invited as a stakeholder
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00441-00099600-00099894 during the qatar's ndc discussion so it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00442-00099895-00100071 looks like it's a great time to showcase
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00443-00100072-00100262 how things work in our part because i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00444-00100263-00100382 still remember
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00445-00100383-00100606 the fresh memory because i wouldn't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00446-00100607-00100791 attended the summit this year but i was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00447-00100792-00100991 fresh out of the youth climate summit in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00448-00100992-00101279 milan ahead of the cop26 where young
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00449-00101280-00101423 people are still asking why you're in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00450-00101424-00101623 the hosting uh fridays for future in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00451-00101624-00101871 qatar or uae unlikely
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00452-00101872-00102038 of course of their ignorance they didn't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00453-00102039-00102191 know how the system works now part of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00454-00102192-00102343 the world so this is the appropriate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00455-00102344-00102551 time to showcase them how system works
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00456-00102552-00102823 and how our young people within all this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00457-00102824-00103039 you know i should say the box trying to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00458-00103040-00103230 do our best to make sure our voices are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00459-00103231-00103551 heard so yeah i am hopeful and i think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00460-00103552-00103710 it's a huge leadership for the young
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00461-00103711-00103886 people in the mena region and i think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00462-00103888-00104063 they will deliver
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00463-00104064-00104230 thank you so much
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00464-00104231-00104382 and we'll definitely get to talking more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00465-00104383-00104551 about the role of young people later as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00466-00104552-00104718 well and i'll pass it off to you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00467-00104719-00104966 muhammad to give some final notes on cop
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00468-00104967-00105286 26 and its impacts on the mena region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00469-00105288-00105407 yeah i mean i don't i don't have
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00470-00105408-00105631 anything more substantial to add than
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00471-00105632-00105799 what nishad and kareem said but just
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00472-00105800-00105958 from a high level perspective my
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00473-00105959-00106095 perspective
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00474-00106096-00106351 you know you could almost argue that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00475-00106352-00106551 um even though there was a mad dash at
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00476-00106552-00106823 the end of the conference in terms of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00477-00106824-00106983 putting something together that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00478-00106983-00107183 ultimately looked like became the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00479-00107183-00107407 glasgow pact
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00480-00107408-00107590 i think what kareem had initially
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00481-00107591-00107886 mentioned i think there was more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00482-00107888-00108183 activity leading up to the meeting then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00483-00108183-00108407 at the meeting itself in terms of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00484-00108408-00108566 substantial
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00485-00108567-00108815 uh commitments or uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00486-00108816-00109086 or intentions uh to address some of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00487-00109088-00109278 issues associated with climate change
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00488-00109279-00109407 all the all the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00489-00109408-00109695 advanced uh proclamations of carbon
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00490-00109696-00109902 reductions and the different activities
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00491-00109903-00110078 the green circular economy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00492-00110079-00110183 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00493-00110183-00110383 and those types of things because when
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00494-00110383-00110647 you look at the glasgow pact itself
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00495-00110648-00110934 to me it seems more like we're kicking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00496-00110935-00111134 the can down the road um you know there
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00497-00111135-00111327 was this dispute at the very end with
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00498-00111328-00111519 india pushing back on some of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00499-00111520-00111734 language and so forth so when you kind
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00500-00111735-00111951 of peel it back it just looks a lot more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00501-00111952-00112086 like it's a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00502-00112088-00112271 you know we will do we'll continue to do
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00503-00112272-00112607 our best uh type of deal so it it to me
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00504-00112608-00112823 it wasn't as impactful as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00505-00112824-00113031 what people had or nations had
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00506-00113032-00113223 forecasted ahead of the meeting itself
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00507-00113224-00113519 um as as their intention to do but i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00508-00113520-00113831 think one one item that i feel um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00509-00113832-00114086 deserves some recognition in terms of of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00510-00114088-00114223 finally getting the spotlight it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00511-00114224-00114447 deserves and uh i think curry mentioned
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00512-00114448-00114710 this as well which is adaptation um you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00513-00114711-00114854 know we're seeing some more of that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00514-00114855-00115063 adaptation work getting it's been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00515-00115064-00115254 happening in the middle east but you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00516-00115255-00115423 know the emphasis has always been on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00517-00115424-00115639 mitigation and reducing carbon emissions
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00518-00115640-00115919 and to me that generally is a a top-down
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00519-00115920-00116078 approach usually it's the nations and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00520-00116079-00116231 governments that really
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00521-00116232-00116431 kind of push that initiative or that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00522-00116432-00116751 effort forward but adaptation occurs at
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00523-00116752-00117166 virtually any level uh below that and so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00524-00117167-00117423 seeing that being recognized was a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00525-00117424-00117695 positive thing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00526-00117696-00117910 thank you so much and i appreciate all
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00527-00117911-00118158 of your responses um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00528-00118159-00118327 zooming out a little bit when we think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00529-00118328-00118543 about climate change impacting the mena
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00530-00118544-00118790 region how do you all believe that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00531-00118791-00119007 climate change is impacting the mena
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00532-00119008-00119151 region in ways that are different than
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00533-00119152-00119302 other regions around the world we see
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00534-00119303-00119495 how activists in the mena region as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00535-00119496-00119695 nishad mentioned are addressing it in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00536-00119696-00119878 different ways but in what ways is it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00537-00119879-00120054 disproportionately impacting or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00538-00120055-00120239 impacting differently and we can start
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00539-00120240-00120575 with kareem for this question
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00540-00120576-00120878 okay this is an easy question uh so the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00541-00120879-00121071 climate you mean the basic impacts the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00542-00121072-00121271 the fundamental impacts oh so we know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00543-00121272-00121431 all of this so uh according to the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00544-00121432-00121695 climate models it will get warmer uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00545-00121696-00121878 maybe two degrees maybe four degrees in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00546-00121879-00122054 the worst case scenario
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00547-00122055-00122214 that's average temperature maximum
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00548-00122215-00122423 temperature could go up by seven degrees
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00549-00122424-00122654 precipitation will go down maybe by 25
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00550-00122655-00122814 degree percent in the eastern
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00551-00122815-00122990 mediterranean maybe by 40 percent of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00552-00122991-00123327 morocco again worst case scenario
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00553-00123328-00123527 weather become more variable rainfall
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00554-00123528-00123727 will become more intermittent more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00555-00123728-00123910 floods more drought
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00556-00123911-00124119 at the same time so the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00557-00124120-00124310 crops might fail as a result because
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00558-00124311-00124551 their rain is not is less predictable we
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00559-00124552-00124702 expect sea level rise which could be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00560-00124703-00124910 anywhere between a meter and two meters
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00561-00124911-00125110 which will affect the nile delta will
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00562-00125111-00125310 affect the southern iraq and potentially
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00563-00125311-00125447 some of the literal
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00564-00125448-00125719 cities on this um in the gulf cities on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00565-00125720-00125975 the southern littoral of the gulf um we
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00566-00125976-00126102 expected an increase in the wet bulb
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00567-00126103-00126351 temperature um to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00568-00126352-00126590 dangerous some say fatal levels around
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00569-00126591-00126807 the gulf uh on both sides of the gulf
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00570-00126808-00126958 which will affect summer temperature
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00571-00126959-00127199 maximum summer temperatures and those
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00572-00127200-00127390 who work outside
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00573-00127391-00127534 could create some fatal conditions and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00574-00127535-00127647 some significant
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00575-00127648-00127814 uh research on that as well so these are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00576-00127815-00127966 the basic uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00577-00127967-00128143 things uh the eastern mediterranean is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00578-00128144-00128366 expected to get warmer and east and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00579-00128367-00128566 southern mediterranean so the levant and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00580-00128567-00128743 north africa expect it to get warmer
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00581-00128744-00129014 more than the global average maybe 20 as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00582-00129015-00129166 much as the global average so if you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00583-00129167-00129334 know that the temperature global is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00584-00129335-00129519 increased by one degree
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00585-00129520-00129719 the those regions have increased by one
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00586-00129720-00129910 point two percent point one to two
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00587-00129911-00130143 degrees and so twenty percent more but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00588-00130144-00130319 that doesn't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00589-00130320-00130510 doesn't mean we fall off our chairs or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00590-00130511-00130734 anything like that because the arctic is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00591-00130735-00130951 forming at a much faster rate so it's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00592-00130952-00131151 one of the hot spots but it's not the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00593-00131152-00131271 hot spot
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00594-00131272-00131454 um but the idea that it's more than the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00595-00131455-00131695 global average is in itself bad enough
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00596-00131696-00131895 because the region is not
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00597-00131896-00132063 region is disproportionately affected in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00598-00132064-00132214 the effects of climate change all the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00599-00132215-00132351 effects are just listed the basic
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00600-00132352-00132863 effects are more than the region's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00601-00132864-00133071 portion or share of the global economy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00602-00133072-00133190 they're more than the region's share of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00603-00133191-00133431 the global population and they're far
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00604-00133432-00133543 more than the region's own
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00605-00133544-00133783 responsibility for climate change so in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00606-00133784-00133966 a way it's it's a bit
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00607-00133967-00134190 unfair shall we say that the the those
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00608-00134191-00134327 this part of the world will be affected
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00609-00134328-00134495 more than it has contributed to the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00610-00134496-00134735 problem in the first place um there are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00611-00134736-00134983 secondary and tertiary impacts but i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00612-00134984-00135135 don't want to say other things i'll
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00613-00135136-00135311 leave it to nisha then moment to talk a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00614-00135312-00135502 little bit about those
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00615-00135503-00135702 yeah thank you so much kareem for giving
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00616-00135703-00135927 that overview for a lot of the viewers
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00617-00135928-00136311 um nishad let's go to you what um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00618-00136312-00136439 other than what kareem has already
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00619-00136440-00136631 contributed what else are some of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00620-00136632-00136790 biggest impacts of climate change on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00621-00136791-00137031 mena region well i mean cutting put most
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00622-00137032-00137231 of all the primary secondary tertiary
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00623-00137232-00137495 effects outside um temperature race is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00624-00137496-00137751 something very closely discussed and uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00625-00137752-00137951 most of the water water scarcity given
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00626-00137952-00138143 given the fact most of the gulf region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00627-00138144-00138439 are depending on desalination as a whole
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00628-00138440-00138671 source of drinking water system in this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00629-00138672-00138887 part of the world and as you know 70 of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00630-00138888-00139063 the desalination comes from the region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00631-00139064-00139319 as such so uh the long-lasting
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00632-00139320-00139511 desalination have long-term effect on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00633-00139512-00139702 american system not much well studied or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00634-00139703-00139999 documented again in terms of um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00635-00140000-00140175 the climate impacts at a very local
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00636-00140176-00140335 level has been not been very well
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00637-00140336-00140614 documented or studied at of course of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00638-00140615-00140831 many again that comes with the political
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00639-00140832-00140975 answers because of political issues
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00640-00140976-00141159 there have been been showcased what
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00641-00141160-00141343 exactly the effects in qatar would be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00642-00141344-00141543 looked like in 50 years of time no we
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00643-00141544-00141735 don't have data we have spectral data
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00644-00141736-00141878 telling that middle east will be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00645-00141879-00142071 inhabitable in 50 years time but which
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00646-00142072-00142343 part of middle east is a huge region so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00647-00142344-00142543 the bifurcation of all these regions
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00648-00142544-00142735 have been collectively told to be like
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00649-00142736-00142878 what
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00650-00142879-00143054 karim mentioned will have
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00651-00143055-00143311 um divided but similar impacts at the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00652-00143312-00143695 same time um given the fact um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00653-00143696-00143966 how regional will cope up um uh it would
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00654-00143967-00144143 be difficult question to answer at this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00655-00144144-00144471 point of time but given the fact uh um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00656-00144472-00144647 the region has been always
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00657-00144648-00144926 put in a negative or victimized uh that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00658-00144927-00145151 we are the countries in the region who's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00659-00145152-00145311 causing the bats the bad people are all
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00660-00145312-00145551 in this part of the world and the even
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00661-00145552-00145759 the cop outcomes you always see the big
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00662-00145760-00145926 brother saudi arabia in all the negative
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00663-00145927-00146014 news
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00664-00146015-00146335 so uh so this has been an unfairly you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00665-00146336-00146566 know some time showcased of course uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00666-00146567-00146711 you need to understand
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00667-00146712-00146902 the the system how the economic system
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00668-00146903-00147078 works in this part of the world and how
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00669-00147079-00147335 that has to do with the development and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00670-00147336-00147454 the people who lives in this part of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00671-00147455-00147711 world so in terms of the climate impacts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00672-00147712-00147935 it it's going to get severe the region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00673-00147936-00148071 within the gulf which is even though
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00674-00148072-00148302 people might say hey we have the least
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00675-00148303-00148511 rain or rainfall towards the year
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00676-00148512-00148735 flooding is now getting common oman one
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00677-00148736-00148863 of the countries in the gulf recently
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00678-00148864-00149151 had a huge flooding uh from uh flash uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00679-00149152-00149287 what we call flash flooding of the flash
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00680-00149288-00149543 brains falls so these are the what you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00681-00149544-00149726 call the extreme weather events which
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00682-00149727-00149919 we've been talked about because in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00683-00149920-00150078 past uh for young people we used to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00684-00150079-00150247 struggle in the past how about the show
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00685-00150248-00150375 how can you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00686-00150376-00150526 tell that climate change has been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00687-00150527-00150759 personalized way and people used to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00688-00150760-00151047 still talk about um the penguins uh in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00689-00151048-00151278 the artery and talk about the forest
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00690-00151279-00151478 fires in california flooding in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00691-00151479-00151623 bangladesh and now we are seeing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00692-00151624-00151775 everything on a day-to-day basis oman is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00693-00151776-00151935 getting flooded there was a flash flood
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00694-00151936-00152199 in doha in 2017 or 18 i believe due to a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00695-00152200-00152366 rain which would be received in two days
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00696-00152367-00152607 supposed to be the rain for six years so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00697-00152608-00152783 this has been getting common and people
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00698-00152784-00152966 are starting to realize that you don't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00699-00152967-00153183 have to refer to now forest fire in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00700-00153184-00153383 california just had a huge fire in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00701-00153384-00153654 lebanon and turkey very recently so you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00702-00153655-00153814 don't have to you know go to the western
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00703-00153815-00153990 or asian countries to say hey it's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00704-00153991-00154126 happening there we should mind about
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00705-00154127-00154319 climate no the climate changes have been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00706-00154320-00154590 now very very uh visible in a day-to-day
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00707-00154591-00154895 system in the region so that is given a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00708-00154896-00155151 more public understanding that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00709-00155152-00155326 okay now it's getting serious uh it's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00710-00155327-00155454 not just uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00711-00155455-00155599 rest of the world we are also part of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00712-00155600-00155743 the rest of the world and we also have
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00713-00155744-00155983 been impacted uh among the young people
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00714-00155984-00156199 this has been quite um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00715-00156200-00156407 um challenging thing because they have
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00716-00156408-00156687 been always read as the what are the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00717-00156688-00156839 impacts of climate change forest fire
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00718-00156840-00156959 this and the countries they always
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00719-00156960-00157199 referees california or some of the south
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00720-00157200-00157447 asian under developed countries and who
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00721-00157448-00157631 are not able to cope up with the climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00722-00157632-00157799 impacts now even with all this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00723-00157800-00158102 infrastructure in the rich gulf or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00724-00158103-00158263 at least in towards the maghrib or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00725-00158264-00158471 mushrik regions in the middle east
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00726-00158472-00158631 all face a similar thing even the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00727-00158632-00158839 advanced country failed so just to give
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00728-00158840-00158999 an example of uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00729-00159000-00159190 if you say how big difference between
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00730-00159191-00159407 infrastructure in the gulf towards
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00731-00159408-00159599 jordan or lebanon which must not match
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00732-00159600-00159743 the infrastructure as such developed
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00733-00159744-00159854 infrastructure
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00734-00159855-00159983 with all this billion dollar
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00735-00159984-00160143 infrastructure
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00736-00160144-00160278 when there was the huge rainfall in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00737-00160279-00160495 qatar in 2018 i believe
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00738-00160496-00160623 almost all the multi-billion
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00739-00160624-00160854 infrastructure was leaking so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00740-00160855-00161087 to the fact that some of the countries
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00741-00161088-00161287 contractors were put on hold that they
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00742-00161288-00161471 cannot travel out of the country until
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00743-00161472-00161695 they fix it most of them answered that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00744-00161696-00161878 our infrastructure was not looking into
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00745-00161879-00162063 the rainfall because they don't get rain
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00746-00162064-00162295 as such it was received so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00747-00162296-00162463 after that i that is what i understand
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00748-00162464-00162639 by the local authority made it that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00749-00162640-00162871 extreme weather or rainfall and snow and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00750-00162872-00163007 other things has to be considered in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00751-00163008-00163278 coming construction phases so almost the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00752-00163279-00163431 billion dollar airport was leaking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00753-00163432-00163631 billion dollar malls were leaking and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00754-00163632-00163775 people like what did you do wrong
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00755-00163776-00163911 because you paid so much money to all
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00756-00163912-00164143 this consultant to do all this work and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00757-00164144-00164287 what is what is what is this saying i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00758-00164288-00164487 mean the country is in limelight because
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00759-00164488-00164631 as you know we are hosting the world cup
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00760-00164632-00164863 next year here in doha and almost all
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00761-00164864-00164983 the media is looking at qatar and all
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00762-00164984-00165095 the buildings have been leaked because
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00763-00165096-00165335 of very unusual rain we received
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00764-00165336-00165647 and um well that was a good wake-up call
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00765-00165648-00165895 for the leaders here and now we didn't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00766-00165896-00166238 receive rain for two years so no rain we
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00767-00166239-00166447 we hit our what we call our apparently
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00768-00166448-00166638 our winter which that's just now the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00769-00166639-00166823 temperature is almost 16 to 18 degrees
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00770-00166824-00167126 celsius that's like our coldest winters
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00771-00167127-00167263 so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00772-00167264-00167423 seemingly this has been changing so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00773-00167424-00167543 people are observing that we didn't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00774-00167544-00167790 receive rain and also the winter what we
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00775-00167791-00168007 call supposed to actually comes in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00776-00168008-00168390 september uh october mostly october end
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00777-00168391-00168583 we just received like a week back the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00778-00168584-00168743 real cold people started wearing so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00779-00168744-00168895 called our sweatshirts here in the part
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00780-00168896-00169102 of the world but you see that the things
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00781-00169103-00169231 have been changing in a fast pace and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00782-00169232-00169431 people are realizing okay now this is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00783-00169432-00169559 not something in california it's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00784-00169560-00169735 happening in all my country and you can
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00785-00169736-00169902 correlate with if you ask the people who
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00786-00169903-00170095 have been living here so yeah they said
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00787-00170096-00170247 i'm just personalizing the issues that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00788-00170248-00170359 are impactful
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00789-00170360-00170559 at the very local lab
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00790-00170560-00170759 thank you so much nishad and i'll pass
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00791-00170760-00170883 it to you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00792-00170884-00171111 muhammad no it's tough being glass
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00793-00171112-00171238 because they get to say all the good
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00794-00171239-00171463 stuff first but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00795-00171464-00171726 i will i will add uh you know just to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00796-00171727-00172007 extrapolate on both points that nishad
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00797-00172008-00172302 and kareem made we do know we have very
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00798-00172303-00172590 good accurate information projections on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00799-00172591-00172766 not just obviously the current impacts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00800-00172767-00172983 but what how we see these impacts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00801-00172984-00173254 changing into the future you know i draw
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00802-00173255-00173454 i reference the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00803-00173455-00173614 intergovernmental plan of climate change
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00804-00173615-00173766 the sixth assessment report on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00805-00173767-00173983 physical science that came out in august
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00806-00173984-00174183 that looked at the projections of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00807-00174184-00174366 warming various changes in warming two
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00808-00174367-00174607 degrees four degrees etc and how that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00809-00174608-00174847 affects different distinct regions or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00810-00174848-00175126 sub-regions in the world and all
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00811-00175127-00175326 everything uh that my colleague said is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00812-00175327-00175526 true one of the things that i find
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00813-00175527-00175799 interesting is how these changes affect
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00814-00175800-00175966 these different sub-regions that are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00815-00175967-00176223 relevant to the middle east um and then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00816-00176224-00176431 extrapolating you know sort of that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00817-00176432-00176614 first physical climate change impact
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00818-00176615-00176814 than what it means beyond that and you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00819-00176815-00177038 know at the risk of maybe answering
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00820-00177039-00177271 one of your later questions carolina you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00821-00177272-00177535 know when you look at the mediterranean
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00822-00177536-00177735 there is you know warming is happening
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00823-00177736-00177959 across the region that's that's a given
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00824-00177960-00178159 uh how much it's increasing is going to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00825-00178160-00178311 obviously depend on what ends up
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00826-00178312-00178526 happening you know emissions will play a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00827-00178527-00178663 role in that when we look at the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00828-00178664-00178902 mediterranean as as one of those regions
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00829-00178903-00179119 the coastal mediterranean
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00830-00179120-00179343 there's going to be this further aridity
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00831-00179344-00179614 coupled with sea level rise right and so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00832-00179615-00179838 the aridity component is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00833-00179839-00180038 sort of adding an acceleration to fire
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00834-00180039-00180183 weather conditions so all these
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00835-00180184-00180478 wildfires that we saw in in north africa
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00836-00180479-00180726 and in the levant region there is going
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00837-00180727-00180919 to be a propensity for that to increase
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00838-00180920-00181071 in the future as well
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00839-00181072-00181271 you think of sea level rise coupled with
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00840-00181272-00181551 that um first place i think of is the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00841-00181552-00181751 now river delta right very fertile
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00842-00181752-00181959 region a lot of agricultural activities
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00843-00181960-00182111 certainly other parts of the med coastal
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00844-00182112-00182238 mediterranean
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00845-00182239-00182359 so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00846-00182360-00182607 that very important aspect of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00847-00182608-00182823 economy the agricultural production is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00848-00182824-00183014 at risk because of sea level rise sort
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00849-00183015-00183254 of that intrusion of water slowly
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00850-00183255-00183399 through time
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00851-00183400-00183543 but also this higher incidence of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00852-00183544-00183759 wildfire so there's now an economic
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00853-00183760-00183878 component
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00854-00183879-00184175 you look further inland in north africa
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00855-00184176-00184351 and not necessarily at the coastal kind
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00856-00184352-00184619 of extending down towards the sahel the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00857-00184620-00184966 eridification the drought issues uh sort
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00858-00184967-00185183 of extend but at the same time there is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00859-00185184-00185478 going to be higher incidence of short
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00860-00185479-00185711 but intense duration type thunderstorms
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00861-00185712-00185887 and the first place i think of is the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00862-00185888-00186095 now river basin we've been hearing about
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00863-00186096-00186231 the flooding issues that have been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00864-00186232-00186511 happening in sudan and certainly parts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00865-00186512-00186775 of ethiopia that could happen more often
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00866-00186776-00186911 you know unless
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00867-00186912-00187095 and it's not to go into the now system
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00868-00187096-00187375 that's another you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00869-00187376-00187559 issue of its own
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00870-00187560-00187799 but without sort of almost perfect
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00871-00187800-00187975 coordination and conjunctive management
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00872-00187976-00188143 of the reservoirs
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00873-00188144-00188390 higher intensity duration short and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00874-00188391-00188526 short duration higher intensity
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00875-00188527-00188711 thunderstorms you're going to have more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00876-00188712-00188975 flooding and with reservoirs sort of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00877-00188976-00189231 managing for a drought but then also
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00878-00189232-00189471 struggling with these storms coming in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00879-00189472-00189614 it makes it very more difficult to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00880-00189615-00189823 manage a system that's already
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00881-00189824-00189990 having difficulties in conjunctive
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00882-00189991-00190302 management of operations of reservoirs
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00883-00190303-00190454 and then when we think of the arabian
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00884-00190455-00190735 peninsula and certainly uh more so in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00885-00190736-00190950 central asia sort of bleeding out from
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00886-00190951-00191183 from the from the arabian peninsula
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00887-00191184-00191383 central middle east area
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00888-00191384-00191623 the warming for systems that tend to be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00889-00191624-00191759 snow driven
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00890-00191760-00191919 and i think more towards shifting
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00891-00191920-00192150 towards central asia the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00892-00192151-00192335 amudaria system
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00893-00192336-00192478 those that are tend to be driven by
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00894-00192479-00192726 higher elevation runoff primarily
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00895-00192727-00192902 through snowpack there's going to be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00896-00192903-00193111 less snow being retained and more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00897-00193112-00193375 snowmelt ultimately that causes a shift
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00898-00193376-00193647 in in the runoff season uh that you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00899-00193648-00193831 usually the snow accumulation is used in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00900-00193832-00194038 the winter if a runoff season in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00901-00194039-00194207 spring bleeding into summer you're
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00902-00194208-00194399 seeing a reduction of that flow but also
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00903-00194400-00194623 a shift of that and so that affects
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00904-00194624-00194799 management of those types of river
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00905-00194800-00195063 systems uh downstream and you know tiger
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00906-00195064-00195311 euphrates to a smaller extent as well
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00907-00195312-00195438 and then touching on a point i think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00908-00195439-00195831 mishad made as well on extreme weather
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00909-00195832-00196023 the arabian sea is in very close
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00910-00196024-00196254 proximity to the equator and so when you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00911-00196255-00196463 think of solar radiation there's there's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00912-00196464-00196575 more uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00913-00196576-00196750 more solar energy being absorbed by the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00914-00196751-00196999 ocean sea surface temperatures increase
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00915-00197000-00197150 when sea surface temperatures increase
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00916-00197151-00197350 the warmer they get those are right
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00917-00197351-00197559 conditions to uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00918-00197560-00197814 to produce and provide energy for
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00919-00197815-00197919 intense
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00920-00197920-00198183 uh uh severe weather and storms you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00921-00198184-00198431 at at the lower end of severe the type
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00922-00198432-00198631 of thunderstorms that cause you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00923-00198632-00198935 intense uh precipitation some amount of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00924-00198936-00199159 flooding uh certainly you know areas
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00925-00199160-00199414 like oman that have actual um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00926-00199415-00199614 mountainous topography to an extent that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00927-00199615-00199871 will cause types of flush flash flooding
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00928-00199872-00200126 in valleys but at the more worrisome end
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00929-00200127-00200326 and we've seen it this year
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00930-00200327-00200671 with cyclone shaheen there is more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00931-00200672-00200990 more probability of those types of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00932-00200991-00201247 cyclonic severe intense
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00933-00201248-00201359 storms
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00934-00201360-00201631 to actually emerge out of the arabian
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00935-00201632-00201863 sea and make landfall i mean
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00936-00201864-00202023 the arabian sea is like i said because
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00937-00202024-00202135 it's approximately the equator is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00938-00202136-00202407 naturally warmer so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00939-00202408-00202719 those types of storms of varying scales
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00940-00202720-00202943 are always being produced uh on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00941-00202944-00203135 arabian sea about half of them don't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00942-00203136-00203383 make landfall they generate in the over
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00943-00203384-00203502 the sea and they and they just
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00944-00203503-00203847 precipitate over the sea uh and some
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00945-00203848-00204135 uh some smaller amount make landfall but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00946-00204136-00204359 at a reduced intensity
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00947-00204360-00204526 what we're likely going to see
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00948-00204527-00204823 unfortunately is some of those higher
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00949-00204823-00205134 intensity cyclones make landfall and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00950-00205135-00205279 make landfall
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00951-00205280-00205494 at that higher higher intensity scale
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00952-00205496-00205751 and so that obviously comes with it uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00953-00205752-00205982 you know the damages and unfortunate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00954-00205983-00206166 loss of life and those types of things
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00955-00206167-00206246 so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00956-00206248-00206342 that's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00957-00206344-00206542 you know grim news but that's that's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00958-00206544-00206855 what is being projected in the future
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00959-00206856-00207151 thank you so much and not to get into
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00960-00207152-00207423 more grim news but who or what are some
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00961-00207423-00207606 of the most vulnerable groups being
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00962-00207607-00207814 affected and impacted by climate change
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00963-00207815-00208046 in the mena region right now and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00964-00208048-00208351 would what is being done to address the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00965-00208352-00208503 disproportionate impacts on these
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00966-00208504-00208727 vulnerable groups and if you'd like to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00967-00208728-00208927 start muhammad um this one and we could
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00968-00208928-00209127 go back around the other way
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00969-00209128-00209286 i like how the hard one is the one i get
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00970-00209287-00209527 to answer first uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00971-00209528-00209694 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00972-00209696-00209910 you know i'll i'll answer this broadly
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00973-00209911-00210079 and then and then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00974-00210080-00210271 maybe my panelists will dive a little
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00975-00210271-00210494 bit deeper you know i think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00976-00210496-00210758 generally in terms of preparation for
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00977-00210759-00211015 for these types of events in terms of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00978-00211016-00211223 whether uh putting policies or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00979-00211223-00211455 initiatives into action or actual
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00980-00211456-00211646 projects or infrastructure that helps to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00981-00211648-00211806 mitigate some of these
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00982-00211807-00211934 impacts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00983-00211935-00212246 generally speaking i think nations that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00984-00212248-00212398 don't have as much financial
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00985-00212400-00212679 capabilities or resources
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00986-00212680-00212828 or access to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00987-00212829-00212967 [Music]
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00988-00212967-00213094 personnel
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00989-00213096-00213351 or or technologies to start putting some
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00990-00213352-00213510 of these actions into play i think are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00991-00213511-00213775 going to generally be be most vulnerable
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00992-00213776-00214031 um if just if looking at in terms of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00993-00214032-00214271 response right i think the region as a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00994-00214271-00214439 whole is vulnerable because of all these
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00995-00214440-00214534 varied
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00996-00214535-00214687 impacts that are going to happen because
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00997-00214688-00214846 of warming and you know geography
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00998-00214848-00215046 changes some of those impacts to some of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-00999-00215048-00215215 those different sub-regions
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01000-00215216-00215510 but i think in terms of response um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01001-00215511-00215767 certainly capacity to respond is would
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01002-00215767-00215998 be a little bit more difficult
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01003-00216000-00216119 a challenge
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01004-00216119-00216351 for for nations that don't necessarily
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01005-00216352-00216606 have those resources ready to put into
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01006-00216607-00216782 action so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01007-00216783-00217039 i'll let others dive a little bit deeper
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01008-00217040-00217231 thank you so much and we can go to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01009-00217232-00217655 unisad um next and then to kareem
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01010-00217656-00217815 well like um i'll just take from where
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01011-00217816-00217967 muhammad's talk like it is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01012-00217967-00218119 disproportionate because some of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01013-00218119-00218271 countries are well wealthy or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01014-00218271-00218406 economically stable and better
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01015-00218407-00218655 infrastructure on place make it easier
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01016-00218656-00218879 for them to at least to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01017-00218880-00219055 buy some time to be frank
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01018-00219056-00219206 example if you take from the gulf
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01019-00219207-00219358 country's point of view
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01020-00219359-00219575 agriculture is not a main source of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01021-00219576-00219919 income revenues are from xyz you know it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01022-00219919-00220134 so most of them
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01023-00220135-00220310 farmlands are already not been very
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01024-00220311-00220551 fertile most of the cultivations are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01025-00220552-00220767 mostly into hydroponics or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01026-00220767-00220934 greenhouse
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01027-00220935-00221079 systems where they develop a lot of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01028-00221080-00221287 farming system as such
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01029-00221288-00221631 which is extensive and requires a lot of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01030-00221632-00221791 finance and subsidies by the government
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01031-00221792-00222015 to do that but you go towards uh from
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01032-00222016-00222191 this gulf towards maghrib or mushrik
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01033-00222192-00222391 countries that farming and agriculture
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01034-00222392-00222646 is the most economic and most job
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01035-00222648-00222887 oriented areas for much of the families
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01036-00222888-00223039 who lives in those parts of the world
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01037-00223040-00223231 and this sort of changes in sudden
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01038-00223232-00223479 weather or the changing weather
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01039-00223480-00223639 both affecting on the temperature and on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01040-00223640-00223863 the water scarcity makes it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01041-00223864-00223991 absolutely
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01042-00223992-00224239 disastrous for the seasons so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01043-00224240-00224446 it causes them to have failed crop
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01044-00224448-00224815 seasons or drought for uh forces them to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01045-00224816-00224998 um you know go away from farming and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01046-00225000-00225182 they migrate towards the cities and that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01047-00225183-00225351 puts no burden on the cities for finding
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01048-00225352-00225598 more jobs and this creates a lot of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01049-00225600-00225798 vacuum for young people especially uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01050-00225800-00225991 given the fact that has been not very
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01051-00225992-00226223 well studied or documented but you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01052-00226223-00226358 young people are moving moon towards
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01053-00226359-00226503 radicalization because they don't find
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01054-00226504-00226694 better job opportunities and this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01055-00226696-00226823 creates a lot of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01056-00226823-00226975 issues within the region it has been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01057-00226976-00227119 going through a lot of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01058-00227119-00227398 civil wars and etc so as i was looking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01059-00227400-00227575 from the perspective of how
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01060-00227576-00227742 uh disapprovable impact would be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01061-00227744-00227894 different for like i mentioned in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01062-00227896-00228191 region wise uh looking um further this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01063-00228192-00228487 is going to be intense and making sure
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01064-00228488-00228719 also understanding the fact that um the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01065-00228719-00228951 70 percent or 60 percent of the uh the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01066-00228952-00229142 region's religious population are young
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01067-00229144-00229367 people and if you don't really find a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01068-00229367-00229534 real solution to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01069-00229535-00229679 providing them better infrastructure and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01070-00229680-00229855 jobs in the coming years
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01071-00229856-00229982 it will be extremely difficult for the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01072-00229983-00230167 governments to cope up with the pressure
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01073-00230167-00230327 already this region has been seeing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01074-00230328-00230551 appraising and you know fight against
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01075-00230552-00230710 for you know independence and democracy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01076-00230711-00230951 as such and we already have something to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01077-00230952-00231142 do with the existing climate or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01078-00231144-00231367 environment system uh making or sparking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01079-00231367-00231446 that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01080-00231448-00231703 that issues to be starting so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01081-00231704-00231903 the like i mentioned like uh mohammed
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01082-00231904-00232198 mentioned too the the fact is that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01083-00232200-00232319 some of the country was more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01084-00232319-00232575 economically stable they may find some
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01085-00232576-00232775 by some time over the course of time but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01086-00232776-00232934 rest would be really already suffering i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01087-00232935-00233071 mean i don't have to say they're going
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01088-00233071-00233246 to but they're already suffering and the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01089-00233248-00233455 only thing is the intensity is going to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01090-00233456-00233823 be more severe in the coming days
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01091-00233823-00234015 thank you so much and we'll go to kareem
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01092-00234016-00234198 for some closing remarks on this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01093-00234200-00234431 question can i complain that i get to go
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01094-00234432-00234606 last and i don't and they already said
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01095-00234607-00234751 everything well there is one thing to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01096-00234752-00234975 say that um obviously obviously it's the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01097-00234976-00235071 it's the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01098-00235071-00235310 the less well-off country so the levant
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01099-00235311-00235510 and north africa that would struggle and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01100-00235511-00235694 in my view within those countries of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01101-00235696-00235934 mohammed has pointed out um within those
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01102-00235935-00236103 countries though the sectors that will
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01103-00236104-00236287 be most likely to be affected will be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01104-00236288-00236623 agriculture and tourism um the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01105-00236623-00236791 the fact that the weather is going to be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01106-00236792-00237039 less inviting would mean that there's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01107-00237040-00237167 going to be less tourists and the fact
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01108-00237167-00237415 that the temperature will change the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01109-00237416-00237623 rainfall would be less heredity will
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01110-00237623-00237879 increase or the st the bigger culture
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01111-00237880-00238055 season the growing season will shift all
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01112-00238056-00238223 of these reasons mean that they will get
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01113-00238223-00238398 less agricultural productivity so less
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01114-00238400-00238527 livelihoods so people who work in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01115-00238528-00238791 agriculture might lose their livelihoods
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01116-00238792-00238934 and as a result we'll have to move to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01117-00238935-00239119 cities which are already struggling with
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01118-00239119-00239303 unemployment so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01119-00239304-00239463 the youth unemployment issue will just
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01120-00239464-00239679 get worse so if you're looking for a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01121-00239680-00239894 group that will struggle most i would
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01122-00239896-00240119 say it's the youth of the middle east
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01123-00240119-00240279 the north africans
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01124-00240280-00240471 sorry the the the levant and north
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01125-00240471-00240687 africans
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01126-00240688-00240934 cities and i would say that would only
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01127-00240935-00241158 get worse in the coming years as a as a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01128-00241159-00241430 result of these primary impacts and then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01129-00241431-00241639 there's the other issue which is another
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01130-00241640-00241775 group
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01131-00241776-00241951 the refugees and the displaced the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01132-00241952-00242110 region is home to many
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01133-00242111-00242294 most of the world's displaced people are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01134-00242296-00242519 in the region a lot of them are in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01135-00242519-00242719 turkey a lot in syria internally
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01136-00242719-00242839 displaced
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01137-00242840-00243103 in lebanon in jordan and those those
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01138-00243104-00243239 people are highly vulnerable because the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01139-00243240-00243455 lack the access to water is limited to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01140-00243456-00243710 start with so as scarcity of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01141-00243711-00243855 resource
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01142-00243856-00244063 caused by climate change could only
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01143-00244064-00244239 accessibility they're they're suffering
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01144-00244240-00244615 really um and and in my mind also the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01145-00244616-00244815 any resource conflict that could emerge
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01146-00244816-00245063 in the region would would make this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01147-00245064-00245406 worse both both for both groups um and i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01148-00245407-00245582 i worry about that scenario but we have
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01149-00245583-00245846 no certainty about that uh happening at
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01150-00245848-00246015 all but that's my two cents on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01151-00246016-00246158 subject
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01152-00246159-00246463 thank you so much um and getting to one
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01153-00246464-00246598 of the questions that's already been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01154-00246600-00246798 submitted into the q a and going off of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01155-00246800-00247087 that um ian asks will the impacts of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01156-00247088-00247287 of climate change on water scarcity
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01157-00247288-00247503 interplay with the situation along the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01158-00247504-00247646 nile with the grand ethiopian
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01159-00247648-00247967 renaissance renaissance dam if so how
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01160-00247967-00248198 and then so we can start with you dr
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01161-00248200-00248351 muhammad um because i know you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01162-00248352-00248582 specialize in water scarcity but then to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01163-00248583-00248830 go broader from that as well in what way
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01164-00248831-00249023 other ways do you see the impacts of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01165-00249023-00249271 climate change impacting conflict in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01166-00249271-00249551 region as a whole
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01167-00249552-00249775 yeah you know we can use the knowledge
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01168-00249776-00250023 example but i think what i what i'll say
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01169-00250023-00250303 is relevant to other similar you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01170-00250304-00250534 multi-nation trans-boundary river
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01171-00250535-00250687 systems certainly
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01172-00250688-00250942 tigers euphrates now you know just
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01173-00250944-00251134 touching on what kareem said some of you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01174-00251135-00251294 know some of the vulnerable populations
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01175-00251296-00251503 that rely on those systems
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01176-00251504-00251646 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01177-00251648-00251871 the issue and and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01178-00251871-00252015 we've seen on the now we're seeing it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01179-00252016-00252239 now in the news with what's happening
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01180-00252240-00252391 with the drought in syria which is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01181-00252392-00252591 really just an extension of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01182-00252592-00252871 of the drought affecting the tigris
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01183-00252871-00253142 uh refriede river system in general
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01184-00253144-00253239 is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01185-00253240-00253494 with drought
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01186-00253496-00253703 what ideally would be a collaborative
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01187-00253704-00253903 system i mean there there is a path
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01188-00253904-00254175 forward for nations that share
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01189-00254176-00254334 a river system that have multiple
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01190-00254335-00254606 reservoirs on it um where they could
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01191-00254607-00254815 maximize their benefits
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01192-00254816-00255151 if there is coordinated operation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01193-00255152-00255351 amongst those reservoirs because part of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01194-00255352-00255534 the issue is um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01195-00255535-00255694 for some of those reservoirs you're
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01196-00255696-00255879 trying to maximize water supply water
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01197-00255880-00256167 storage as well as water release and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01198-00256167-00256351 then connection with water release if
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01199-00256352-00256567 it's a if it has a hydropower component
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01200-00256567-00256775 which significant amount of them do
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01201-00256776-00256991 certainly the gerd is it's really more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01202-00256992-00257206 of a hydropower generating reservoir
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01203-00257207-00257391 than it is storage uh because of where
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01204-00257392-00257591 it's placed in the system it's it's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01205-00257592-00257742 pretty much right at the border between
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01206-00257744-00257934 sudan and ethiopia so it doesn't benefit
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01207-00257935-00258055 if you'll be the store water there
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01208-00258056-00258271 because releasing it doesn't benefit uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01209-00258271-00258463 their population
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01210-00258464-00258646 but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01211-00258648-00258815 there has to be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01212-00258816-00259015 even in the best conditions where we're
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01213-00259016-00259198 not under drought these systems are not
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01214-00259200-00259382 under drought coordinate operation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01215-00259383-00259598 between nations helps to maximize water
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01216-00259600-00259710 releases downstream because there's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01217-00259711-00259871 competing demands right you think of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01218-00259871-00260079 egypt at the end of that system
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01219-00260080-00260319 huge agricultural component in egypt so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01220-00260319-00260471 they're very much
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01221-00260471-00260710 reliant on a particular amount of supply
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01222-00260711-00260982 moving downstream and so the further you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01223-00260983-00261175 go upstream there's more reservoirs and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01224-00261176-00261398 there's sort of different uh priorities
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01225-00261400-00261558 between the nations
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01226-00261559-00261806 and almost competing and certainly gets
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01227-00261807-00262071 worse as drought persists
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01228-00262071-00262271 what ends up being happening is maybe
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01229-00262272-00262487 there's more storage being held upstream
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01230-00262488-00262710 there's changes to releases downstream
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01231-00262711-00262895 that affects how water is used certainly
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01232-00262896-00263055 for agricultural production right
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01233-00263056-00263247 there's different different crops may
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01234-00263248-00263423 grow on different parts preferably be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01235-00263424-00263639 grown and harvested in different times
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01236-00263640-00263863 of the year each crop has different
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01237-00263864-00264071 irrigation requirements
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01238-00264072-00264239 all of these sort of complicating
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01239-00264240-00264430 factors uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01240-00264431-00264639 almost make it difficult
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01241-00264640-00264751 as is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01242-00264752-00264967 but without coordinated operation it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01243-00264968-00265134 becomes even more difficult so i think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01244-00265135-00265382 going to the specific question again
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01245-00265383-00265551 if you have a system that's already in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01246-00265552-00265655 drought
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01247-00265656-00265967 then sort of generalizing here the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01248-00265968-00266119 reservoirs are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01249-00266120-00266327 tend to be operated more to maximize
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01250-00266328-00266543 storage right so you're releasing water
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01251-00266544-00266734 downstream but sort of the more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01252-00266735-00266934 optimizing rule is to maximize your
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01253-00266935-00267110 storage as you're trying to release
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01254-00267111-00267247 water downstream to meet either
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01255-00267248-00267551 downstream demand or maximize hydropower
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01256-00267552-00267734 as you're doing that what ends up
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01257-00267735-00267934 happening is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01258-00267935-00268127 when you have these short type of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01259-00268128-00268375 intense thunderstorms in the nile so you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01260-00268376-00268623 know as it's been happening now um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01261-00268624-00268967 not so much in the euphrates
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01262-00268968-00269199 in a system that may be already being
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01263-00269200-00269375 operated um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01264-00269376-00269558 sort of bare thin
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01265-00269559-00269687 that's when you tend to have these
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01266-00269688-00269967 flooding events uh because
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01267-00269968-00270143 they're not anticipated and they're
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01268-00270144-00270334 already overlaying over a system that's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01269-00270335-00270534 operating under drought versus operating
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01270-00270535-00270727 under wet conditions because if you're
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01271-00270728-00270975 operating under wet conditions
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01272-00270976-00271127 you know you operate your reservoirs
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01273-00271128-00271255 differently in terms of how much you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01274-00271256-00271406 store and how much is released but when
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01275-00271407-00271591 you're operating on drought it almost
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01276-00271592-00271782 goes counter counter-intuitive to how
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01277-00271783-00271967 you would operate it under their wet
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01278-00271968-00272182 conditions so that's why these flooding
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01279-00272183-00272327 things happen and then if you look at
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01280-00272328-00272463 the euphrates
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01281-00272464-00272623 you're seeing some of the secondary
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01282-00272624-00272806 effects where there's less water being
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01283-00272807-00273023 released turkey downstream to syria and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01284-00273024-00273310 downstream to iraq and you're seeing why
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01285-00273311-00273615 the the drought issue in syria
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01286-00273616-00273815 in the northern part of syria is getting
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01287-00273816-00273967 attention because
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01288-00273968-00274247 um there's less water available water
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01289-00274248-00274487 isn't being used for agriculture cost of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01290-00274488-00274775 crops and and agricultural production uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01291-00274776-00274887 goes up
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01292-00274888-00275110 uh populations already struggling as was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01293-00275111-00275391 mentioned previously um so access to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01294-00275392-00275606 food becomes difficult access to water
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01295-00275607-00275791 becomes difficult you see people going
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01296-00275792-00276047 to the actual river system and taking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01297-00276048-00276223 water directly themselves it's not
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01298-00276224-00276479 treated they're getting sick
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01299-00276480-00276575 and then
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01300-00276576-00276727 because their only alternative at this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01301-00276728-00276951 point is to use bottled water or water
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01302-00276952-00277087 tankers that are coming into their
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01303-00277088-00277255 communities and that water is highly
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01304-00277256-00277487 inflated in terms of cost so their
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01305-00277488-00277687 second they're certainly secondary and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01306-00277688-00277958 third effects because of that but um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01307-00277959-00278175 but it's it makes it very difficult to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01308-00278176-00278343 manage those reservoirs and you have
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01309-00278344-00278655 sort of this uh almost uh winners versus
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01310-00278656-00279079 losers type of operation in the system
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01311-00279080-00279263 thank you so much and i'm going to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01312-00279264-00279463 change the question a little bit and go
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01313-00279464-00279727 to nishab on this one to start but what
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01314-00279728-00279903 countries in the mena region are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01315-00279904-00280119 emerging as leaders in addressing the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01316-00280120-00280319 climate crisis right now and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01317-00280320-00280599 specifically thinking about
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01318-00280600-00280791 saudi arabia and the green initiative
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01319-00280792-00281087 how will politics and leadership be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01320-00281088-00281303 willing to follow saudi arabia's
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01321-00281304-00281727 leadership on this initiative
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01322-00281728-00281934 well i mean um of course the politics in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01323-00281935-00282182 the region will definitely define uh how
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01324-00282183-00282319 this would um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01325-00282320-00282463 how the cooperative way they would move
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01326-00282464-00282647 forward uh given those the gulf
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01327-00282648-00282782 countries has um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01328-00282783-00282927 as you know there is a council called
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01329-00282928-00283063 gcc the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01330-00283064-00283263 gulf governing council
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01331-00283264-00283479 if they stick into working together
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01332-00283480-00283687 there's a lot of opportunity as such but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01333-00283688-00283871 the leadership of saudi arabia coming up
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01334-00283872-00283999 with the middle east
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01335-00284000-00284182 objective was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01336-00284183-00284303 i would say
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01337-00284304-00284558 some sort of iconic because uh it was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01338-00284559-00284775 not just the gulf here um when salman
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01339-00284776-00284927 was looking at he was looking at the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01340-00284928-00285167 regional assad minor region and they was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01341-00285168-00285375 looking at uh bringing billions of money
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01342-00285376-00285519 of course it was not just an
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01343-00285520-00285654 announcement of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01344-00285655-00285839 making the region greener
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01345-00285840-00285982 but with a lot of challenges and a lot
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01346-00285983-00286134 of challenging questions to also be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01347-00286135-00286399 asked but um of course it comes at a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01348-00286400-00286527 time
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01349-00286528-00286687 when the region was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01350-00286688-00286847 going um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01351-00286848-00287015 more unfriendly to more friendly
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01352-00287016-00287119 direction
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01353-00287120-00287327 if you might have recalled the blockade
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01354-00287328-00287519 of qatar by the regional partners or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01355-00287520-00287654 regional countries
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01356-00287655-00287782 was something
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01357-00287783-00288030 made of opening eyes that this region is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01358-00288031-00288303 never shy of you know politics and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01359-00288304-00288495 it gave up the opportunity that you have
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01360-00288496-00288687 to look at your own back because you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01361-00288688-00288863 never know your friends are your enemies
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01362-00288864-00289119 the next day so that has been sidelined
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01363-00289120-00289343 now usc the president muhammad salman is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01364-00289344-00289543 touring all the gulf countries recently
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01365-00289544-00289775 he was stopping over in doha oman and he
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01366-00289776-00289999 was in uae going to kuwait so probably
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01367-00290000-00290230 this is sort of you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01368-00290231-00290519 relationship building as um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01369-00290520-00290751 better for the region as such and one of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01370-00290752-00290934 the discussion topic is was environment
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01371-00290935-00291151 and climate that's what i heard from his
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01372-00291152-00291279 discussion with
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01373-00291280-00291582 tamir hearing qatar so who i would
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01374-00291583-00291743 presume is the thing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01375-00291744-00292023 on trade environment are also on top
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01376-00292024-00292215 priority discussions on is the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01377-00292216-00292519 short trip to the region and beyond the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01378-00292520-00292767 uae is also another regional leader who
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01379-00292768-00292910 has been hosting the first region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01380-00292911-00293295 elementary summit uh in abu dhabi
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01381-00293296-00293487 during the just ahead of cop i think it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01382-00293488-00293719 was in october or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01383-00293720-00293919 early october july i guess with the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01384-00293920-00294103 support within the presence of corporate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01385-00294104-00294263 den and also
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01386-00294264-00294551 a u.s special envoy for climate change
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01387-00294552-00294743 john kerry was also there also some
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01388-00294744-00294975 great announcement a new coalition was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01389-00294976-00295110 formed
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01390-00295111-00295223 within the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01391-00295224-00295430 countries in the region as such
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01392-00295431-00295719 so looking forward the region uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01393-00295720-00295927 who would do great i mean the the net
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01394-00295928-00296254 zero um uh uh pathways from the region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01395-00296255-00296479 uae saudi arabia bahrain all coming up
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01396-00296480-00296606 with uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01397-00296607-00296854 very well for me very fancy net zero
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01398-00296855-00297095 commitments uh see how how well that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01399-00297096-00297303 gonna be materialized in the days to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01400-00297304-00297479 come would be a big challenge and also
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01401-00297480-00297599 at the same time
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01402-00297600-00297791 nothing is without any challenge if you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01403-00297792-00297982 want to you know take a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01404-00297983-00298143 very unnecessary action against climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01405-00298144-00298287 change as such in reducing your
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01406-00298288-00298591 emissions so moving forward
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01407-00298592-00298727 we will see how the commitments are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01408-00298728-00298982 materialized within the ndc's which are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01409-00298983-00299191 also submitted by the regional countries
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01410-00299192-00299519 uh qatar had um 25 reduction
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01411-00299520-00299743 in the business as visual scenario and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01412-00299744-00299967 we would love to see um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01413-00299968-00300158 how they're going to announce and just i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01414-00300159-00300310 heard from yesterday ministry is looking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01415-00300311-00300551 at nuclear power here in the qatar after
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01416-00300552-00300791 uae so things have been moving in a fast
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01417-00300792-00300910 phase they're looking nuclear as an
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01418-00300911-00301110 option uh moving away from oil and gas
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01419-00301111-00301391 so that's something ua also has in their
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01420-00301392-00301558 energy mix i think qatar is also looking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01421-00301559-00301903 at something to take things faster so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01422-00301904-00302054 well in terms of reducing their
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01423-00302055-00302367 emissions uh for of course for the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01424-00302368-00302647 local consumption they are very much
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01425-00302648-00302927 very much working hard to reduce through
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01426-00302928-00303167 common capture or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01427-00303168-00303454 less flaring all these are main targets
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01428-00303455-00303687 for them to reduce remission
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01429-00303688-00303958 of course like i mentioned
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01430-00303959-00304063 the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01431-00304064-00304279 ma the emission reductions are more on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01432-00304280-00304495 consumption or local base not on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01433-00304496-00304703 international whatever they have been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01434-00304704-00304910 you know trading to the global market is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01435-00304911-00305182 not considered into that i believe so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01436-00305183-00305367 it is a challenge at the same time it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01437-00305368-00305599 needs collective effort and given now
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01438-00305600-00305782 the region is looking to prosper
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01439-00305783-00305934 together as one
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01440-00305935-00306158 uh like in the past it gives a good hope
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01441-00306159-00306447 that they can work together
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01442-00306448-00306703 thank you so much and kareem
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01443-00306704-00306943 do you can you speak to some of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01444-00306944-00307143 regional leaders as well maybe some
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01445-00307144-00307447 outside of the gulf region whether in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01446-00307448-00307671 north africa or in the levant region who
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01447-00307672-00307830 are some of the leaders that are taking
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01448-00307831-00308087 climate change seriously and inspiring
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01449-00308088-00308287 action
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01450-00308288-00308543 there's plenty of good action going on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01451-00308544-00308743 in the region
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01452-00308744-00309015 the conventional
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01453-00309016-00309199 leaders have been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01454-00309200-00309367 morocco which has
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01455-00309368-00309558 highly been praised by
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01456-00309559-00309710 climate action tracker and other
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01457-00309711-00309967 observers like that um they've gone down
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01458-00309968-00310119 a little bit but the renewable energy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01459-00310120-00310454 project has been widely praised as being
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01460-00310455-00310663 quite progressive and at one point was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01461-00310664-00310887 in line with paris with paris goals
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01462-00310888-00311167 which is uh high praise indeed
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01463-00311168-00311334 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01464-00311335-00311695 others have made moves albeit limited
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01465-00311696-00312006 including um the renewable energy pushes
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01466-00312007-00312215 that you'd see in egypt although egypt
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01467-00312216-00312447 doesn't really push on the carbonization
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01468-00312448-00312606 but it has a successful renewable energy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01469-00312607-00312830 project that aims to get to 42
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01470-00312831-00312987 renewables by
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01471-00312988-00313239 2035 i believe
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01472-00313240-00313415 jordan is making good efforts on that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01473-00313416-00313639 front turkey is already producing half
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01474-00313640-00313871 of its electricity from renewable energy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01475-00313872-00313951 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01476-00313952-00314134 and and i think we've already alluded to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01477-00314135-00314375 the high aspirations uh that we've seen
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01478-00314376-00314582 from the uae and from and from saudi
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01479-00314583-00314910 arabia in terms of full decarbonization
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01480-00314911-00315071 so i think that's that's the wider
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01481-00315072-00315247 picture it's rather patchy
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01482-00315248-00315591 um the the ways in which these have been
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01483-00315592-00315727 measured are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01484-00315728-00315895 confusing to say the least a lot of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01485-00315896-00316110 these ndcs don't have let explain what
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01486-00316111-00316279 the baseline scenario is the business as
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01487-00316280-00316510 usual scenario is so it's hard to tell
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01488-00316511-00316687 actually if that's a real reduction or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01489-00316688-00316887 just a slower growth
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01490-00316888-00317158 of carbon emissions um but in some cases
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01491-00317159-00317271 you can but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01492-00317272-00317534 uh overall i think this would um this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01493-00317535-00317695 would give you a picture on who's trying
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01494-00317696-00317879 most
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01495-00317880-00318127 thank you so much and uh one more
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01496-00318128-00318279 question for muhammad this is an
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01497-00318280-00318439 audience question they were wondering
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01498-00318440-00318679 how much of cop do you think will turn
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01499-00318680-00318895 into action um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01500-00318896-00319303 and what governments are supporting this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01501-00319304-00319479 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01502-00319480-00319663 a little bit pessimistic so maybe i'm
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01503-00319664-00319815 not the best person to answer this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01504-00319816-00320015 question um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01505-00320016-00320343 i think inevitably action will come
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01506-00320344-00320615 you know my my concern is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01507-00320616-00320791 will it be too late i mean you could
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01508-00320792-00321071 argue it's too late for action as is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01509-00321072-00321223 right um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01510-00321224-00321487 one of the other other things i'm not
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01511-00321488-00321799 just to go back to the ipcc report
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01512-00321800-00322047 besides it's saying that yes you know
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01513-00322048-00322343 climb impacts of climate change are
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01514-00322344-00322647 unarguably anthropogenically influenced
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01515-00322648-00322839 you know human human activities behavior
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01516-00322840-00323182 has been the driver of what we're seeing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01517-00323183-00323447 but some of the impacts even in the best
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01518-00323448-00323671 case absolute best case scenario of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01519-00323672-00323879 action and response and primarily this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01520-00323880-00324103 is associated with with emissions right
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01521-00324104-00324375 mitigation actual mitigation efforts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01522-00324376-00324471 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01523-00324472-00324663 some impacts are not going to be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01524-00324664-00324806 reversible
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01525-00324807-00325054 for hundreds of years and and and uh the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01526-00325055-00325295 one i think of that's referenced is sea
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01527-00325296-00325591 level rise um you know at this point sea
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01528-00325592-00325879 level rise will continue unabated
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01529-00325880-00326087 even in in the best case scenario even
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01530-00326088-00326327 if you slash emissions to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01531-00326328-00326567 absolute minimum
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01532-00326568-00326799 sea level rise will still persist
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01533-00326800-00326991 for for at least a couple hundreds of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01534-00326992-00327343 years some other impacts um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01535-00327344-00327543 in terms of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01536-00327544-00327703 warming can still
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01537-00327704-00327943 be mitigated but still that action won't
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01538-00327944-00328151 be for decades as well so so even in the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01539-00328152-00328406 best case scenario we won't really see a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01540-00328407-00328591 lot of these impacts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01541-00328592-00328823 for most of our lifetimes most of us in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01542-00328824-00329039 our lifetimes um so but that's not an
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01543-00329040-00329175 excuse to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01544-00329176-00329423 to kick that can down the road um right
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01545-00329424-00329503 but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01546-00329504-00329663 you know i'm hopeful i'm trying to be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01547-00329664-00329887 hopeful in terms of you know what came
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01548-00329888-00329982 out of the cop meeting with the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01549-00329983-00330230 classical pact and and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01550-00330231-00330478 and you know with the with the cop being
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01551-00330479-00330615 in the middle in the mena region the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01552-00330616-00330823 next couple of years
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01553-00330824-00330927 that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01554-00330928-00331175 we see more action and with respect to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01555-00331176-00331351 mitigation that was the focus in this
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01556-00331352-00331582 cop but i also
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01557-00331583-00331854 um i think i'm more realistically
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01558-00331855-00332063 expectant of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01559-00332064-00332319 adaptation taking more of a forefront
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01560-00332320-00332495 because it's those are two pieces of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01561-00332496-00332695 puzzle obviously mitigation addresses
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01562-00332696-00332975 climate change directly uh but uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01563-00332976-00333303 adaptation is also uh helpful uh in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01564-00333304-00333519 terms of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01565-00333520-00333703 dealing with some of the impacts you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01566-00333704-00333847 know one doesn't go
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01567-00333848-00334078 without the other so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01568-00334079-00334263 thank you so much and that is all the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01569-00334264-00334447 time we have for questions would all of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01570-00334448-00334687 you like to make a short 30 second to a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01571-00334688-00334887 minute closing statement and we can
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01572-00334888-00335071 start with muhammad and then go to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01573-00335072-00335382 kareem and then misha to finish it off
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01574-00335383-00335567 sure i'll just pick up on the last thing
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01575-00335568-00335823 i said in terms of adaptation litigation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01576-00335824-00336054 and kind of how important both both of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01577-00336055-00336239 them are in adaptation getting more of a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01578-00336240-00336447 spotlight because the way the best
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01579-00336448-00336606 analogy i can describe it i think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01580-00336607-00336823 resonates with people if you think of
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01581-00336824-00337006 climate change
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01582-00337007-00337215 as a disease right maybe this is too on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01583-00337216-00337482 the nose with the whole cova pandemic
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01584-00337483-00337743 but mitigation when you talk about
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01585-00337744-00338006 reducing emissions mitigation is like
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01586-00338007-00338254 treating the disease directly right but
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01587-00338255-00338391 adaptation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01588-00338392-00338543 is like treating the symptoms right
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01589-00338544-00338663 you're not necessarily treating the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01590-00338664-00338919 disease you're finding ways to adapt and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01591-00338920-00339239 deal with the outcomes of climate change
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01592-00339240-00339454 both are helpful ultimately treating the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01593-00339455-00339663 disease is good it's the ultimate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01594-00339664-00339871 outcome right that's that's why talk is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01595-00339872-00340063 always focused on emissions
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01596-00340064-00340334 but um until that happens and as we're
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01597-00340335-00340575 seeing it's not going to happen soon
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01598-00340576-00340791 you still want to deal with the symptoms
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01599-00340792-00340982 right so that's why adaptation takes a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01600-00340983-00341327 larger role as we still try to deal with
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01601-00341328-00341567 the mitigation issues i think both both
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01602-00341568-00341751 are very important and just want to want
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01603-00341752-00342015 to leave people with that anecdote
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01604-00342016-00342399 thank you so much
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01605-00342400-00342671 uh sure um it's hard to summarize after
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01606-00342672-00342958 this panel but um i would i would say
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01607-00342959-00343087 that the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01608-00343088-00343358 region has just has such a unique and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01609-00343359-00343551 highly um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01610-00343552-00343678 fragile
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01611-00343679-00344006 environment and and as a result
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01612-00344007-00344239 given its exposure to climate change and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01613-00344240-00344471 its social vulnerability to climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01614-00344472-00344734 change it's overall climate risk is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01615-00344735-00344903 really high um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01616-00344904-00345134 and so one it's easy to despair and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01617-00345135-00345351 and say well the region ultimately
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01618-00345352-00345510 people will have to move somewhere else
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01619-00345511-00345671 maybe move to more temperate climates if
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01620-00345672-00345895 it gets really bad and all these
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01621-00345896-00346119 challenges that you've listed that i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01622-00346120-00346447 have listed uh so i i would i would i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01623-00346448-00346647 would say that risk is really high the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01624-00346648-00346895 risk of falling into that despair
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01625-00346896-00347039 but that future doesn't have to be that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01626-00347040-00347215 bad so there are ways in which the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01627-00347216-00347351 region can become more resilient can
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01628-00347352-00347534 become more adapted can deal with some
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01629-00347535-00347663 of these challenges there are ways in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01630-00347664-00347854 which it could learn to live within its
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01631-00347855-00348039 means and learn to live in more in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01632-00348040-00348199 harmony with its nature and find
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01633-00348200-00348439 development solutions that are not based
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01634-00348440-00348543 on
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01635-00348544-00348743 western models of urban development for
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01636-00348744-00348991 example but are based on local climate
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01637-00348992-00349167 and local needs given the climate change
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01638-00349168-00349399 as well so the the future climate of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01639-00349400-00349591 region and and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01640-00349592-00349703 innovation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01641-00349704-00349958 can help so they're we're not saying
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01642-00349959-00350103 that we could find a silver bullet
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01643-00350104-00350271 somewhere where this is going to be all
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01644-00350272-00350551 great but we're saying can be less bad
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01645-00350552-00350743 and can we can avoid the worst impacts
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01646-00350744-00350919 of climate change if we use human
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01647-00350920-00351182 ingenuity and find a way in which we can
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01648-00351183-00351310 navigate around this both on the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01649-00351311-00351503 adaptation side and on the mitigation
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01650-00351504-00351671 side and i will close with that thank
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01651-00351672-00352006 you thank you so much nishad
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01652-00352007-00352254 well uh same uh you give me a last verse
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01653-00352255-00352463 i have nothing much to add on to uh what
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01654-00352464-00352703 muhammad and kareem have added up so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01655-00352704-00352839 just to
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01656-00352840-00353047 wind up with a new perspective
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01657-00353048-00353287 uh given the region is uh whenever will
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01658-00353288-00353503 be affected differentially uh young
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01659-00353504-00353719 people will be looking after having uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01660-00353720-00354006 more green jobs um industries
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01661-00354007-00354182 booming up in sectors like curry
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01662-00354183-00354439 mentioned innovation and science is
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01663-00354440-00354599 something that the region have to look
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01664-00354600-00354847 after and of course use the enormous
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01665-00354848-00354991 wealth of sovereign belt they have in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01666-00354992-00355206 many of the oil and gas rich countries
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01667-00355207-00355478 to fund those programs uh that would be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01668-00355479-00355591 cree
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01669-00355592-00355854 way forward for young people to see that
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01670-00355855-00356087 they have a better prosperous future
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01671-00356088-00356351 here as such and also coming uh forward
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01672-00356352-00356630 to how the cop 26 and 7 looks like given
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01673-00356631-00356878 the region has a close proximity with
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01674-00356879-00357054 least developed countries unlike the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01675-00357055-00357247 global north this region have been very
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01676-00357248-00357423 close proximity working with the ldc
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01677-00357424-00357582 countries and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01678-00357583-00357703 this would
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01679-00357704-00357782 see
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01680-00357783-00357887 like
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01681-00357888-00358063 mentioned a lot of discussion on loss
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01682-00358064-00358367 and damage which got up space at cop26
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01683-00358368-00358630 and the funding was retooled by u.s and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01684-00358631-00358830 other western interests so this will
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01685-00358831-00358982 gain more traction
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01686-00358983-00359119 in um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01687-00359120-00359278 in the sharma shack the egyptian summit
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01688-00359279-00359519 happening next year and that is was
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01689-00359520-00359823 asked by most of the ldc countries and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01690-00359824-00360054 what you call the small oceanic island
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01691-00360055-00360263 countries as such sits what you call
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01692-00360264-00360527 sids countries and also ldc countries uh
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01693-00360528-00360727 they would love coming to egypt because
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01694-00360728-00360863 they know they have a support from the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01695-00360864-00361078 region as such to something like you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01696-00361079-00361206 take over the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01697-00361207-00361399 u.s and the you know the historical
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01698-00361400-00361639 emitters there you know how how you can
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01699-00361640-00361806 collectively work on and the given the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01700-00361807-00361951 region has been quite profoundly
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01701-00361952-00362167 supporting financially outside and not
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01702-00362168-00362303 the main climate fund which they're
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01703-00362304-00362487 asking for but also from the state
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01704-00362488-00362630 budgets have been sent to these least
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01705-00362631-00362823 developing countries as such and also
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01706-00362824-00363039 the least ldc is hosting a summit here
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01707-00363040-00363247 in doha which is the ldc conference next
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01708-00363248-00363495 in january and climate is one of the
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01709-00363496-00363782 main agenda and how the how it can be
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01710-00363783-00363943 enhanced how they can be helped
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01711-00363944-00364110 supporting to provide them technology
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01712-00364111-00364558 transfer financial support etc so cop 27
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01713-00364559-00364767 i mean all cops has been used the same
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01714-00364768-00364927 name gonna save the world but it is not
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01715-00364928-00365134 going to save the world but at least
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01716-00365135-00365391 pave some path towards that so i think
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01717-00365392-00365471 um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01718-00365472-00365751 the cop27 will be critical for the ldc
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01719-00365752-00365919 countries as such if they required a
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01720-00365920-00366239 real support um a lot of good um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01721-00366240-00366478 opening ups happen at cop26
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01722-00366479-00366710 other than some face out and face down
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01723-00366711-00366943 comments at the end of the day but some
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01724-00366944-00367119 real pictures have been opened up but it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01725-00367120-00367310 needs more concrete stuff would probably
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01726-00367311-00367495 take place in egypt and in abu dhabi in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01727-00367496-00367799 the coming years so yeah i'm i'm a bit
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01728-00367800-00367934 optimistic
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01729-00367935-00368071 at the same time
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01730-00368072-00368271 uh things that we're not improving
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01731-00368272-00368527 also so cop is just the you know place
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01732-00368528-00368727 to discuss but things happened whole
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01733-00368728-00369039 across the year so hopefully they sit
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01734-00369040-00369271 ahead of time to make sure they are in
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01735-00369272-00369487 line before we end up at maracas or
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01736-00369488-00369839 sorry we end up in them in shake
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01737-00369840-00369910 so
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01738-00369911-00370119 optimistically looking forward and um
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01739-00370120-00370263 yeah that's it
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01740-00370264-00370454 thank you so much especially nishadwer i
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01741-00370455-00370710 know it's past 11 p.m in qatar right now
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01742-00370711-00370943 but i would like to again to thank our
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01743-00370944-00371119 panelists for taking the time to speak
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01744-00371120-00371358 with us and for our audience members and
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01745-00371359-00371630 students for participating in the event
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01746-00371631-00371823 we are just so grateful for everyone
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01747-00371824-00372039 wishing students a great finals week
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01748-00372040-00372263 coming up and thank you all and hope you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01749-00372264-00372647 have a wonderful weekend everyone
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01750-00372648-00372791 thank you
+VvgTZSf0aUg-01751-00372792-00373103 thank you
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00000-00001551-00002194 [Music]
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00001-00002195-00002678 hey everyone welcome here on the 19th
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00002-00002679-00003053 and 20th of January 2019 nine to Claunch
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00003-00003054-00003272 is the first-ever field research event
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00004-00003272-00003575 ever since Pokemon go was released this
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00005-00003576-00003770 new event is kind of similar to the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00006-00003771-00003968 community day where the featured Pokemon
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00007-00003969-00004214 will be more common to find and also
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00008-00004215-00004550 it's sunny version for this event train
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00009-00004551-00004721 yourself to complete the designated
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00010-00004722-00004922 field research tasks within the event
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00011-00004923-00005186 three hours timeframe and once done
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00012-00005187-00005381 Phoebus will be the reward for the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00013-00005382-00005609 trainer to catch if you are lucky enough
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00014-00005610-00005846 shine II Phoebus will appear instead
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00015-00005847-00006140 there is no limit as to how many tasks
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00016-00006141-00006356 you can complete but you must spend the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00017-00006357-00006566 poka stops for the tasks within the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00018-00006567-00006878 stipulated time however many players
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00019-00006879-00007127 seem to struggle a lot during the event
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00020-00007128-00007420 many has turned to the social media to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00021-00007422-00007706 vent their anger on this event not going
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00022-00007706-00007960 to lie I was quite lost in the beginning
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00023-00007961-00008288 after a while I got used to it and found
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00024-00008289-00008540 some ways to improve my cache during the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00025-00008541-00008899 event so the data further adue following
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00026-00008900-00009110 are the seven ways to complete the task
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00027-00009111-00009329 more effectively for any future field
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00028-00009330-00009792 research tasks events number one
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00029-00009793-00010198 switching body Pokemon
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00030-00010199-00010495 in this event there were four types of
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00031-00010496-00010762 research tasks that were handed out one
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00032-00010763-00011071 of which is to earn one body candy going
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00033-00011072-00011266 by the task name there were no
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00034-00011267-00011460 requirement on the distance needed to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00035-00011461-00011764 earn the candy and since this event has
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00036-00011765-00011968 only three hours window for every
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00037-00011969-00012193 trainer to complete as many as possible
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00038-00012194-00012376 the most effective and less
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00039-00012377-00012616 time-consuming method is no doubt to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00040-00012617-00012813 walk the Pokemon with least distance
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00041-00012814-00013090 requirement the charts that are shown
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00042-00013091-00013291 comprises of all the Pokemon that
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00043-00013291-00013525 required only one kilometer to earn the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00044-00013526-00013804 candy I have changed the Magikarp in
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00045-00013805-00014077 this event as gara daus is still one of
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00046-00014078-00014275 the popular and good pokemon to be used
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00047-00014276-00014477 for gym battles and collections
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00048-00014478-00014819 [Music]
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00049-00014819-00015091 number two
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00050-00015093-00015472 pre-event preparation save up more to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00051-00015473-00015797 kilometers eggs
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00052-00015799-00016044 the second type of the Phoebus task was
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00053-00016044-00016389 to hatch one egg again no specific
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00054-00016390-00016554 distance was stated in the task
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00055-00016555-00016860 requirement therefore any type of the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00056-00016861-00017138 eggs is fine for completing the task and
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00057-00017139-00017505 once again saving up the time and effort
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00058-00017506-00017733 for completing each task is the key to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00059-00017734-00017888 earn more Phoebus catch
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00060-00017889-00018186 therefore do help yourself by collecting
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00061-00018187-00018456 and saving up as many - kilometres eggs
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00062-00018457-00018723 as possible prior to the commencement of
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00063-00018724-00019020 next field research tasks event this
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00064-00019021-00019221 will also reduce your anxiety for
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00065-00019222-00019425 helping to get the 2 kilometres egg
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00066-00019426-00019650 during the activities period if you
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00067-00019651-00020480 happen to run out of one number three
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00068-00020481-00020825 take the easier task to do first
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00069-00020826-00021210 this may sound no-brainer however the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00070-00021211-00021447 limited task time makes the sequence of
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00071-00021448-00021723 task completion more prominent this tip
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00072-00021724-00021933 is more suitable for trainers with more
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00073-00021934-00022203 focus top in their vicinity each staff
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00074-00022204-00022533 will only hand out one specific task so
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00075-00022534-00022782 even if you have discarded the task you
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00076-00022783-00023016 will still get back the same task upon
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00077-00023017-00023267 spinning back the same pole cast off as
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00078-00023268-00023571 such you do not worry on missing out on
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00079-00023572-00023853 that task as well you can always come
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00080-00023854-00024081 back to that task towards the end of the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00081-00024082-00024393 event subsequently you can take your own
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00082-00024394-00024614 sweet time to finish off the remaining
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00083-00024615-00024900 the third and fourth their band tasks
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00084-00024901-00025158 were to make 10 grade throws and make 15
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00085-00025159-00025464 nice throws respectively although the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00086-00025465-00025689 louder required more figures to complete
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00087-00025689-00025893 the possibility for a nice throw and
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00088-00025894-00026124 every catch is significantly greater an
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00089-00026125-00026400 excellent or great throw will also be
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00090-00026401-00026695 counted in accomplishing the task
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00091-00026695-00027021 as a great troas first of all harder to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00092-00027022-00027220 achieve with it's lower chances to hit
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00093-00027220-00027427 within the red circle zone and required
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00094-00027427-00027648 a greater skill and accuracy
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00095-00027649-00027939 therefore to finish off the task quickly
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00096-00027941-00028186 discard the task for ten great drills
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00097-00028187-00028618 and do more of the 15 nice throws number
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00098-00028619-00029205 four stock the research tasks by
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00099-00029206-00029467 incorporating some memory work it will
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00100-00029468-00029658 play a greater role in completing the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00101-00029659-00030012 tasks faster as much as possible try to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00102-00030013-00030258 execute two or more research tasks of
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00103-00030259-00030540 the same type together by repeating the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00104-00030541-00030783 same tasks in the same attempt you are
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00105-00030784-00031008 gunning for more potential shiny phoebus
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00106-00031009-00031264 with same amount of time taken for one
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00107-00031264-00031558 task this is especially a good move if
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00108-00031558-00031873 you are doing the hatching eggs tasks to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00109-00031874-00032131 hatch the egg to kilometers of walking
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00110-00032132-00032389 or running is needed minimally by
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00111-00032389-00032629 finishing two or three same tasks at the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00112-00032630-00032862 same time you can reduce the amount of
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00113-00032863-00033135 runts or wok required by at least half
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00114-00033136-00033402 imagine you need to run four kilometers
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00115-00033403-00033612 to hatch two eggs instead of two
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00116-00033613-00033958 kilometers or worst still six kilometers
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00117-00033959-00034045 for three eggs
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00118-00034046-00034282 that sounds tiring just by the thought
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00119-00034283-00034539 of it furthermore as mentioned
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00120-00034540-00034786 previously the same focused off will
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00121-00034787-00035037 only give up the same task even if you
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00122-00035038-00035230 have discarded the tasks previously
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00123-00035231-00035499 therefore you may take note of the tasks
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00124-00035500-00035743 given out by each focused off by writing
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00125-00035744-00035929 it down or memory work
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00126-00035930-00036214 callate the same tasks and subsequently
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00127-00036215-00036474 push the complete them together again
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00128-00036475-00036708 this method is more suitable for people
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00129-00036709-00036883 who has pocus thought that are
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00130-00036884-00037120 relatively not far apart from each other
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00131-00037121-00037348 I recommend this method for the egg
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00132-00037349-00037695 hatching and candy so remember to do a
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00133-00037696-00037895 collation if possible
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00134-00037896-00038084 [Music]
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00135-00038085-00038577 number five clear research tasks panel
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00136-00038578-00038970 as each of us only has three slots for
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00137-00038971-00039224 the research task it is essential to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00138-00039225-00039456 free up more space to accommodate more
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00139-00039457-00039735 event tasks given the suggestion from
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00140-00039736-00040080 tip three and four more slots also means
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00141-00040081-00040268 that you have a higher chance of getting
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00142-00040269-00040467 the easier task and the ability to make
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00143-00040468-00040749 more constructive decision you have more
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00144-00040750-00040965 opportunity to decide if there is a need
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00145-00040966-00041183 to discard the current task in exchange
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00146-00041184-00041556 for other tasks again time is the key
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00147-00041557-00041690 [Music]
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00148-00041691-00042165 number six get the head start before
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00149-00042166-00042527 event there are a couple of things that
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00150-00042528-00042774 we are able to do even before the event
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00151-00042775-00043062 commences just hours before the event
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00152-00043063-00043287 take a stroll and walk a certain amount
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00153-00043288-00043548 of distance that is good enough to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00154-00043549-00043755 reduce the amount of distance needed to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00155-00043756-00044052 clog for a reasonable suggestion is to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00156-00044053-00044349 leave about 500 to 800 meters margin
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00157-00044350-00044583 this will allow you to walk only the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00158-00044584-00044952 remaining 500 meters to clear a task try
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00159-00044953-00045168 to integrate this method with tip 4 to
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00160-00045169-00045358 achieve the maximum efficiency
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00161-00045359-00045682 [Music]
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00162-00045683-00046389 number seven news pinout berries last
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00163-00046390-00046729 but not least use pin up berry for every
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00164-00046730-00047029 reward catch for this event the cash
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00165-00047030-00047292 rate of the phoebus is 100%
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00166-00047293-00047577 therefore using buri will definitely
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00167-00047578-00047790 increase the amount of candies of the
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00168-00047791-00048052 featured pokemon this help especially
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00169-00048053-00048330 phoebus required 100 candies to evolve
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00170-00048331-00048898 into Milotic that is the end of the 7
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00171-00048899-00049077 tips to do better in the next field
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00172-00049078-00049389 research task event thank you so much
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00173-00049390-00049645 for watching this video I hope it is
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00174-00049646-00049920 useful for you it is always good to have
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00175-00049921-00050214 new changes here and there definitely it
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00176-00050215-00050455 will always take some time before we get
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00177-00050456-00050739 used to something so for the next field
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00178-00050740-00050986 research event hopefully everyone will
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00179-00050987-00051165 be more prepared and got to catch them
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00180-00051166-00051223 all
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00181-00051224-00051492 if you like my video please hit the like
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00182-00051494-00051792 button do share and subscribe to my
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00183-00051794-00051990 channel to show your support and to be
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00184-00051991-00052302 notified for future new videos for any
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00185-00052303-00052542 suggestions feel free to comment down
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00186-00052544-00052842 below to let me know till next time
+VvD9LR_Sgyy-00187-00052844-00053110 Cheers
+VvRmjuYk6to-00000-00000051-00000264 ahlet's Singh is an Indian
+VvRmjuYk6to-00001-00000265-00000454 microbiologist and an associate
+VvRmjuYk6to-00002-00000455-00000604 professor at the department of
+VvRmjuYk6to-00003-00000605-00000851 microbiology and cell biology of the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00004-00000852-00001154 Indian Institute of Science a welcomed
+VvRmjuYk6to-00005-00001155-00001424 EBT senior fellow Singh is known for his
+VvRmjuYk6to-00006-00001425-00001598 studies on the pathogenesis of
+VvRmjuYk6to-00007-00001599-00001882 Mycobacterium tuberculosis the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00008-00001884-00002087 department of biotechnology of the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00009-00002088-00002258 Government of India awarded him the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00010-00002259-00002485 national bio science award for career
+VvRmjuYk6to-00011-00002486-00002693 development one of the highest Indian
+VvRmjuYk6to-00012-00002694-00002915 science awards for his contributions to
+VvRmjuYk6to-00013-00002916-00003695 Biosciences in 2017-18
+VvRmjuYk6to-00014-00003696-00004242 topic biography
+VvRmjuYk6to-00015-00004243-00004506 ahlet's same graduated in science from
+VvRmjuYk6to-00016-00004507-00004698 the University of Delhi and earned his
+VvRmjuYk6to-00017-00004699-00004932 master's degree in biotechnology from
+VvRmjuYk6to-00018-00004933-00005072 the Indian Institute of Technology
+VvRmjuYk6to-00019-00005073-00005529 Roorkee in 1998 subsequently he enrolled
+VvRmjuYk6to-00020-00005530-00005703 for his doctoral studies under the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00021-00005704-00005922 guidance of Anil Kumar Tyagi at the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00022-00005923-00006126 South campus of the University of Delhi
+VvRmjuYk6to-00023-00006127-00006465 and after securing a PhD in 2004 he
+VvRmjuYk6to-00024-00006466-00006654 moved to the u.s. to do the postdoctoral
+VvRmjuYk6to-00025-00006655-00006891 training at the laboratory of Adrien a
+VvRmjuYk6to-00026-00006892-00007101 see stain of the University of Alabama
+VvRmjuYk6to-00027-00007102-00007409 in Birmingham on his return to India in
+VvRmjuYk6to-00028-00007411-00007665 2010 he joined the International Centre
+VvRmjuYk6to-00029-00007666-00007806 for genetic engineering and
+VvRmjuYk6to-00030-00007806-00008088 biotechnology as a wellcome trust DBT
+VvRmjuYk6to-00031-00008089-00008478 intermediate fellow in January 2014 he
+VvRmjuYk6to-00032-00008479-00008699 joined the Indian Institute of Science
+VvRmjuYk6to-00033-00008700-00008892 III SC at their department of
+VvRmjuYk6to-00034-00008893-00009162 microbiology and cell biology where he
+VvRmjuYk6to-00035-00009163-00009335 holds the position of an associate
+VvRmjuYk6to-00036-00009336-00009524 professor and heads the center for
+VvRmjuYk6to-00037-00009525-00009732 infectious disease research as its group
+VvRmjuYk6to-00038-00009733-00009951 leader hosting several researchers who
+VvRmjuYk6to-00039-00009952-00010113 are involved in the research on the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00040-00010114-00010302 fundamental mechanisms involved in
+VvRmjuYk6to-00041-00010303-00010515 chronic human infections with special
+VvRmjuYk6to-00042-00010516-00010839 focus on Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTB
+VvRmjuYk6to-00043-00010840-00011093 and human immunodeficiency virus HIV
+VvRmjuYk6to-00044-00011094-00011448 Singh a Wellcome Trust DBT senior fellow
+VvRmjuYk6to-00045-00011449-00011712 since 2016 has published a number of
+VvRmjuYk6to-00046-00011713-00011928 articles ResearchGate an online
+VvRmjuYk6to-00047-00011929-00012180 repository of scientific articles has
+VvRmjuYk6to-00048-00012181-00012489 listed 77 of them the department of
+VvRmjuYk6to-00049-00012490-00012689 biotechnology of the government of india
+VvRmjuYk6to-00050-00012690-00012924 awarded him the national bio science
+VvRmjuYk6to-00051-00012925-00013140 award for career development one of the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00052-00013141-00013356 highest indian science awards for his
+VvRmjuYk6to-00053-00013357-00014228 contributions to Biosciences in 2017 18
+VvRmjuYk6to-00054-00014229-00014651 topic selected bibliography
+VvRmjuYk6to-00055-00014652-00014860 you
+VvRmjuYk6to-00056-00014861-00015138 Balaji katha Ghana Holi Narayana Swamy
+VvRmjuYk6to-00057-00015140-00015522 Rama Chandra Tsuburaya ji Raj money RS
+VvRmjuYk6to-00058-00015524-00015694 Singh Amit Pareek
+VvRmjuYk6to-00059-00015694-00015976 Bank T Mahad a caster e Mukerji
+VvRmjuYk6to-00060-00015977-00016282 tanushree carnem Anupama Singh the cost
+VvRmjuYk6to-00061-00016283-00016693 the 17th of August 2016 Musashi mediated
+VvRmjuYk6to-00062-00016694-00017197 expression of jmj d3a h3k27 me three
+VvRmjuYk6to-00063-00017198-00017425 demethylase is involved in foamy
+VvRmjuYk6to-00064-00017426-00017662 macrophage generation during Maiko
+VvRmjuYk6to-00065-00017663-00018130 bacterial infection plus pathogens 1280
+VvRmjuYk6to-00066-00018131-00018664 100 five eight one four doy 10.1 371
+VvRmjuYk6to-00067-00018665-00018877 slash Journal dot Pat point one zero
+VvRmjuYk6to-00068-00018878-00019324 zero five eight one four issn fifteen
+VvRmjuYk6to-00069-00019325-00019507 fifty three to seven thousand three
+VvRmjuYk6to-00070-00019508-00019858 hundred seventy four PMC four million
+VvRmjuYk6to-00071-00019859-00020071 nine hundred eighty eight thousand six
+VvRmjuYk6to-00072-00020072-00020431 hundred fifty pmid twenty seven million
+VvRmjuYk6to-00073-00020432-00020641 five hundred thirty two thousand eight
+VvRmjuYk6to-00074-00020642-00020992 hundred seventy two saying Ummat Raj
+VvRmjuYk6to-00075-00020993-00021040 money
+VvRmjuYk6to-00076-00021041-00021349 Raju s Mehta man see the 5th of February
+VvRmjuYk6to-00077-00021350-00021730 2016 Mycobacterium tuberculosis wid
+VvRmjuYk6to-00078-00021731-00022050 three responds to vacuolar pH induced
+VvRmjuYk6to-00079-00022051-00022347 changes in my co theal redox potential
+VvRmjuYk6to-00080-00022348-00022603 to modulate phagosome o maturation and
+VvRmjuYk6to-00081-00022604-00022772 virulence
+VvRmjuYk6to-00082-00022773-00023240 Journal of biological chemistry 291 6 2
+VvRmjuYk6to-00083-00023241-00023969 8 8 8 2 903 doy 10.10 7 4 j bc m 1 1 5
+VvRmjuYk6to-00084-00023970-00024775 point 6 8 4 5 9 7 ISS and 1083 - 351 x p
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+VvRmjuYk6to-00086-00025034-00025378 thousand seven hundred fifty-two pmid
+VvRmjuYk6to-00087-00025379-00025621 twenty-six million six hundred thirty
+VvRmjuYk6to-00088-00025622-00025896 seven thousand three hundred fifty three
+VvRmjuYk6to-00089-00025897-00026237 saying ummat sushi acai ass win signed
+VvRmjuYk6to-00090-00026238-00026576 Naren ganga lie muniya verma hn Ajit
+VvRmjuYk6to-00091-00026577-00026789 Kumar Parthasarathy Singh
+VvRmjuYk6to-00092-00026789-00027202 Parul jacala cash or Vij mineka Shukla
+VvRmjuYk6to-00093-00027204-00027599 Prashant the 26th of November 2017 redox
+VvRmjuYk6to-00094-00027600-00027817 dependent condensation of the
+VvRmjuYk6to-00095-00027818-00028183 mycobacterial nucleoid by web for york
+VvRmjuYk6to-00096-00028185-00028708 i've 133,000 181 joy ten point one one
+VvRmjuYk6to-00097-00028710-00028921 zero one one hundred thirty three
+VvRmjuYk6to-00098-00028922-00029233 thousand one hundred eighty one Nandi
+VvRmjuYk6to-00099-00029235-00029362 Corey Vinay Kumar
+VvRmjuYk6to-00100-00029363-00029732 Bhavesh Neil Sarovar Kumar D Raj Singh
+VvRmjuYk6to-00101-00029733-00029983 Amit Jain Preeti Raj money
+VvRmjuYk6to-00102-00029985-00030410 raju s Kumari pooja upda Sandeep Bhaskar
+VvRmjuYk6to-00103-00030411-00030721 Ashima the 29th of September 2017
+VvRmjuYk6to-00104-00030722-00031031 protein kinase g confers survival
+VvRmjuYk6to-00105-00031032-00031270 advantage to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
+VvRmjuYk6to-00106-00031270-00031632 during latency like conditions
+VvRmjuYk6to-00107-00031633-00032010 Journal of biological chemistry 292
+VvRmjuYk6to-00108-00032011-00032295 thirty nine one six zero nine three one
+VvRmjuYk6to-00109-00032295-00032682 six 108 joy ten point one zero seven
+VvRmjuYk6to-00110-00032683-00033045 four JBC m11 seven point seven nine
+VvRmjuYk6to-00111-00033046-00033602 seven five six three ISS and 1083 to 350
+VvRmjuYk6to-00112-00033603-00033945 1x PMC five million six hundred
+VvRmjuYk6to-00113-00033946-00034283 twenty-five thousand forty one pmid
+VvRmjuYk6to-00114-00034284-00034449 twenty-eight million eight hundred
+VvRmjuYk6to-00115-00034450-00035064 twenty 1621 saying Ahmet Raj money raju
+VvRmjuYk6to-00116-00035065-00035430 s Mehta Mansi the 5th of February 2016
+VvRmjuYk6to-00117-00035431-00035739 Mycobacterium tuberculosis wid three
+VvRmjuYk6to-00118-00035740-00036080 responds to vacuolar pH induced changes
+VvRmjuYk6to-00119-00036081-00036333 in my co theal redox potential to
+VvRmjuYk6to-00120-00036334-00036573 modulate phagosome Ulm adoration and
+VvRmjuYk6to-00121-00036574-00036736 virulence
+VvRmjuYk6to-00122-00036737-00037174 Journal of biological chemistry 291 six
+VvRmjuYk6to-00123-00037175-00037389 to eight eight eight to nine oh three
+VvRmjuYk6to-00124-00037390-00037732 joy ten point one zero seven four
+VvRmjuYk6to-00125-00037733-00038046 JB see em one one five point six eight
+VvRmjuYk6to-00126-00038047-00038649 four five nine seven ISS and 1083 to 351
+VvRmjuYk6to-00127-00038650-00038926 ex-pm see four million seven hundred
+VvRmjuYk6to-00128-00038927-00039118 forty-two thousand seven hundred
+VvRmjuYk6to-00129-00039119-00039529 fifty-two pmid twenty-six million six
+VvRmjuYk6to-00130-00039530-00039693 hundred thirty seven thousand three
+VvRmjuYk6to-00131-00039694-00040333 hundred fifty-three
+VvRmjuYk6to-00132-00040334-00040711 topic see also
+VvRmjuYk6to-00133-00040712-00040877 you
+VvRmjuYk6to-00134-00040878-00041240 equals equals notes
+VypErVxg-bg-00000-00000000-00000229 NFL Network insider Ian rap pours
+VypErVxg-bg-00001-00000231-00000476 reporting Dallas has been selected as
+VypErVxg-bg-00002-00000476-00000890 the site of the 2018 NFL Draft and as
+VypErVxg-bg-00003-00000891-00001183 Ian adds the fan experience could be
+VypErVxg-bg-00004-00001184-00001565 expansive in Dallas AT&T Stadium to be
+VypErVxg-bg-00005-00001566-00001664 exact
+VypErVxg-bg-00006-00001664-00001960 now representatives from 14 cities were
+VypErVxg-bg-00007-00001961-00002293 in Philadelphia to scout the 2017 draft
+VypErVxg-bg-00008-00002294-00002570 course last year it was in Philadelphia
+VypErVxg-bg-00009-00002571-00002831 other cities that were said to be
+VypErVxg-bg-00010-00002832-00003160 interested included Atlanta Chicago Ken
+VypErVxg-bg-00011-00003161-00003476 Denver Jacksonville Pittsburgh and Los
+VypErVxg-bg-00012-00003477-00003743 Angeles for Dallas this would be the
+VypErVxg-bg-00013-00003744-00004085 first time the draft has been there in
+VypErVxg-bg-00014-00004086-00004447 Big D so once again two breaking news in
+VypErVxg-bg-00015-00004448-00005036 2018 NFL Draft will be held in Big D
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00000-00000955-00001089 [Applause]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00001-00001090-00001237 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00002-00001238-00001967 thank you
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00003-00001968-00003064 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00004-00003065-00004079 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00005-00004081-00004554 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00006-00004555-00005457 just look at me
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00007-00005458-00006955 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00008-00006956-00007911 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00009-00007912-00007945 [Applause]
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+VzpRoKnkE-k-00012-00009932-00011214 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00013-00011215-00012816 [Applause]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00014-00012818-00013431 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00015-00013432-00015541 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00016-00015541-00016094 Give It Up
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00017-00016094-00018045 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00018-00018046-00019093 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00019-00019094-00019364 happy birthday
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00020-00019365-00020160 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00021-00020161-00020192 [Applause]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00022-00020193-00021677 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00023-00021678-00022817 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00024-00022818-00023176 foreign
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00025-00023177-00025162 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00026-00025163-00025819 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00027-00025820-00027110 [Music]
+VzpRoKnkE-k-00028-00027111-00027418 [Applause]
+V-l5txwdlCc-00000-00000065-00000353 carpenter technology corporation
+V-l5txwdlCc-00001-00000354-00000624 develops manufactures and distributes
+V-l5txwdlCc-00002-00000625-00000941 stainless steels and corrosion resistant
+V-l5txwdlCc-00003-00000942-00001427 alloys in fiscal year 2018 the company's
+V-l5txwdlCc-00004-00001428-00001673 revenues were derived from the aerospace
+V-l5txwdlCc-00005-00001673-00002126 and defense industry 55% the industrial
+V-l5txwdlCc-00006-00002127-00002522 and consumer industry 17% the medical
+V-l5txwdlCc-00007-00002523-00002901 industry 8% the transportation industry
+V-l5txwdlCc-00008-00002902-00003322 7% the energy industry 7% and the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00009-00003323-00003772 distribution industry 6% the company's
+V-l5txwdlCc-00010-00003773-00004049 products are used in landing gear shaft
+V-l5txwdlCc-00011-00004050-00004328 collars safety wires electricity
+V-l5txwdlCc-00012-00004329-00004656 generation products intervertebral discs
+V-l5txwdlCc-00013-00004657-00004916 arthroplasty and engine valves and
+V-l5txwdlCc-00014-00004917-00006163 welding's topic history the company was
+V-l5txwdlCc-00015-00006164-00006481 founded by James Henry carpenter and a
+V-l5txwdlCc-00016-00006483-00006748 small group of New York City investors
+V-l5txwdlCc-00017-00006750-00007106 in Reading Pennsylvania in 1889 as the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00018-00007106-00007505 carpenter steel company in November 1896
+V-l5txwdlCc-00019-00007506-00007846 the United States Secretary of the Navy
+V-l5txwdlCc-00020-00007847-00008128 referred to the company's armor-piercing
+V-l5txwdlCc-00021-00008129-00008467 projectiles as the first made that would
+V-l5txwdlCc-00022-00008468-00008834 pierce improved armor plate the routing
+V-l5txwdlCc-00023-00008835-00009059 of the Spanish fleet in the Battle of
+V-l5txwdlCc-00024-00009060-00009266 Manila Bay during the spanish-american
+V-l5txwdlCc-00025-00009267-00009703 war of 1898 was credited in part to
+V-l5txwdlCc-00026-00009704-00010102 projectiles made by carpenter in 1903
+V-l5txwdlCc-00027-00010103-00010553 carpenters special steels were used in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00028-00010554-00010771 the engine of the Wright brothers maiden
+V-l5txwdlCc-00029-00010772-00011149 flight in 1905 the company developed a
+V-l5txwdlCc-00030-00011150-00011405 prime grade chrome nickel steel and by
+V-l5txwdlCc-00031-00011406-00011746 1908 it had created ten other Steel's
+V-l5txwdlCc-00032-00011747-00012017 that we used to make automobile chassis
+V-l5txwdlCc-00033-00012018-00012428 old 16 the race car that won the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00034-00012429-00012781 Vanderbilt Cup in 1908 included front
+V-l5txwdlCc-00035-00012782-00013094 and rear axles crankshaft gears and
+V-l5txwdlCc-00036-00013094-00013355 other parts fabricated from car
+V-l5txwdlCc-00037-00013356-00013702 to steal in 1917 the company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00038-00013703-00013940 manufactured its first high-strength
+V-l5txwdlCc-00039-00013941-00014246 chemical resistant stainless steel which
+V-l5txwdlCc-00040-00014247-00014513 was immediately used in airplane engine
+V-l5txwdlCc-00041-00014513-00014803 components cutlery and spark plugs
+V-l5txwdlCc-00042-00014804-00015116 components of the engine of the spirit
+V-l5txwdlCc-00043-00015116-00015469 of st. Louie Charles Lindbergh's plane
+V-l5txwdlCc-00044-00015470-00015746 that flew across the Atlantic Ocean in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00045-00015747-00016154 May 1927 were made from carpenter steel
+V-l5txwdlCc-00046-00016155-00016541 an identical engine had powered Richard
+V-l5txwdlCc-00047-00016542-00016831 II Birds flight to the North Pole in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00048-00016832-00017318 1926 in 1928 the company introduced the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00049-00017319-00017804 first free machining steel it was 0.15
+V-l5txwdlCc-00050-00017805-00018038 percent sulfur to make it easier to
+V-l5txwdlCc-00051-00018039-00018458 machine in 1929 the Pierce Arrow motor
+V-l5txwdlCc-00052-00018459-00018779 car company used 24 pounds of stainless
+V-l5txwdlCc-00053-00018780-00019119 steel as trim on each of its cars in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00054-00019120-00019439 1934 during the Great Depression the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00055-00019440-00019705 company introduced new stainless steels
+V-l5txwdlCc-00056-00019706-00019997 with additives of selenium tellurium and
+V-l5txwdlCc-00057-00019998-00020444 chrome and nickel in June 1937 carpenter
+V-l5txwdlCc-00058-00020445-00020656 steel company became a public company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00059-00020657-00020996 via an initial public offering during
+V-l5txwdlCc-00060-00020997-00021269 World War two the company's stainless
+V-l5txwdlCc-00061-00021270-00021547 steel was used in engine parts steel
+V-l5txwdlCc-00062-00021548-00021824 fasteners and cockpit instruments for
+V-l5txwdlCc-00063-00021825-00022103 fighter planes and bombers components of
+V-l5txwdlCc-00064-00022104-00022436 Sherman tanks and submarines radio masts
+V-l5txwdlCc-00065-00022437-00022724 for PT boats and radio equipment for
+V-l5txwdlCc-00066-00022725-00023006 battle fronts and medical supplies such
+V-l5txwdlCc-00067-00023007-00023269 as hypodermic needles and surgical
+V-l5txwdlCc-00068-00023270-00023618 implements in 1951 the company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00069-00023619-00024059 introduced stainless 20 a corrosion
+V-l5txwdlCc-00070-00024060-00024421 resistant alloy in 1957 after
+V-l5txwdlCc-00071-00024422-00024728 northeastern Steel filed bankruptcy it
+V-l5txwdlCc-00072-00024729-00025144 was acquired by carpenter in 1961 the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00073-00025145-00025439 company acquired nth products of El
+V-l5txwdlCc-00074-00025440-00025889 Cajon California in 1968 the company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00075-00025889-00026174 changed its name to carpenter technology
+V-l5txwdlCc-00076-00026175-00026464 corporation to reflect its research and
+V-l5txwdlCc-00077-00026465-00026708 development initiatives in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00078-00026710-00027022 1969 the company acquired Gardner
+V-l5txwdlCc-00079-00027023-00027139 cryogenics
+V-l5txwdlCc-00080-00027139-00027390 but sued its former shareholders a year
+V-l5txwdlCc-00081-00027391-00027768 later after finding irregularities the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00082-00027769-00028174 company was sold a few years later in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00083-00028175-00028567 May 1983 the company acquired Eagle
+V-l5txwdlCc-00084-00028568-00028843 precision metals of Fryeburg Maine a
+V-l5txwdlCc-00085-00028844-00029074 precision drilling facility that
+V-l5txwdlCc-00086-00029075-00029343 produced high-quality hollow steel bars
+V-l5txwdlCc-00087-00029344-00029727 in 1984 the company acquired a wire
+V-l5txwdlCc-00088-00029729-00029986 finishing plant capable of redrawing
+V-l5txwdlCc-00089-00029987-00030321 steel wire to extremely fine sizes from
+V-l5txwdlCc-00090-00030322-00030592 a Mac's specialty metals of Orangeburg
+V-l5txwdlCc-00091-00030593-00031000 South Carolina the plant was closed in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00092-00031001-00031654 2012 in September 1986 498 employees of
+V-l5txwdlCc-00093-00031655-00031906 the company participated in a strike
+V-l5txwdlCc-00094-00031907-00032398 action the strike ended in December 1986
+V-l5txwdlCc-00095-00032399-00032842 in February 1992 the company received a
+V-l5txwdlCc-00096-00032843-00033112 patent for a super-strong aramid alloy
+V-l5txwdlCc-00097-00033113-00033343 first used for the landing gear on
+V-l5txwdlCc-00098-00033344-00033711 aircraft carrier based jet fighters in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00099-00033712-00034071 1993 the company developed 14 alloys for
+V-l5txwdlCc-00100-00034072-00034543 knife blades in January 1997 carpenter
+V-l5txwdlCc-00101-00034544-00034806 acquired dynam a a titanium alloy
+V-l5txwdlCc-00102-00034807-00035040 producer based in Washington
+V-l5txwdlCc-00103-00035041-00035496 Pennsylvania for 161 million dollars in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00104-00035497-00035883 September 1997 the company acquired
+V-l5txwdlCc-00105-00035884-00035946 Talley
+V-l5txwdlCc-00106-00035947-00036327 industries for 185 million dollars in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00107-00036328-00036739 July 1998 the company sold John J
+V-l5txwdlCc-00108-00036740-00036973 McMullen associates and Waterbury
+V-l5txwdlCc-00109-00036974-00037375 companies in October 1998 the company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00110-00037376-00037705 announced a 113 point six million
+V-l5txwdlCc-00111-00037706-00037948 dollars investment to expand its
+V-l5txwdlCc-00112-00037949-00038425 Pennsylvania melt shop in October 2009
+V-l5txwdlCc-00113-00038426-00038733 the company introduced the cobalt based
+V-l5txwdlCc-00114-00038734-00039049 bio blue 27 alloy for the jewelry
+V-l5txwdlCc-00115-00039050-00039442 industry in December 2009 the company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00116-00039443-00039664 launched the pre moment alloy for high
+V-l5txwdlCc-00117-00039665-00039970 demand diesel engine components in March
+V-l5txwdlCc-00118-00039971-00040018 2
+V-l5txwdlCc-00119-00040019-00040468 10 the company introduced the ACU ba 100
+V-l5txwdlCc-00120-00040469-00040747 alloy a beryllium free material for
+V-l5txwdlCc-00121-00040748-00041041 bushings and bearings in January 2011
+V-l5txwdlCc-00122-00041042-00041398 the company acquired Omega West services
+V-l5txwdlCc-00123-00041399-00041719 for 54 million dollars which expanded
+V-l5txwdlCc-00124-00041720-00041950 its business in the oil and gas drilling
+V-l5txwdlCc-00125-00041951-00042286 market in February 2012 the company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00126-00042287-00042589 purchased the former Dana incorporated
+V-l5txwdlCc-00127-00042590-00042850 industrial site for about six million
+V-l5txwdlCc-00128-00042851-00043153 dollars in August 2012 the company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00129-00043154-00043378 announced plans to construct a
+V-l5txwdlCc-00130-00043379-00043699 manufacturing facility in China in June
+V-l5txwdlCc-00131-00043700-00044029 2015 Tony our thene was named president
+V-l5txwdlCc-00132-00044030-00044302 and chief executive officer of the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00133-00044303-00044638 company in July 2018 the company
+V-l5txwdlCc-00134-00044639-00044890 announced plans to invest fifty-two
+V-l5txwdlCc-00135-00044891-00045100 million dollars in a research and
+V-l5txwdlCc-00136-00045101-00045352 development center on its campus in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00137-00045353-00046924 Athens Alabama topic controversies
+V-l5txwdlCc-00138-00046925-00047552 topic environmental record
+V-l5txwdlCc-00139-00047553-00048035 On June 18 2002 five plaintiffs filed a
+V-l5txwdlCc-00140-00048036-00048260 suit against the company to recover
+V-l5txwdlCc-00141-00048261-00048521 costs that had been paid to the United
+V-l5txwdlCc-00142-00048522-00048767 States Environmental Protection Agency
+V-l5txwdlCc-00143-00048768-00049097 to clean up the bore head farm Superfund
+V-l5txwdlCc-00144-00049098-00049447 site in Bucks County Pennsylvania a
+V-l5txwdlCc-00145-00049448-00049759 settlement of 21 million eight hundred
+V-l5txwdlCc-00146-00049760-00050267 thousand dollars was reached in 2011 the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00147-00050268-00050573 company released more than 1.2 million
+V-l5txwdlCc-00148-00050574-00050861 pounds of toxic chemical waste into the
+V-l5txwdlCc-00149-00050862-00051062 Schuylkill River and was the fourth
+V-l5txwdlCc-00150-00051063-00051354 largest polluter of toxic chemicals in
+V-l5txwdlCc-00151-00051355-00051790 Pennsylvania in 2007 however it is not
+V-l5txwdlCc-00152-00051791-00052030 clear whether the discharge amounts were
+V-l5txwdlCc-00153-00052032-00052455 within the allowed federal permit limits
+V-l5txwdlCc-00154-00052457-00052871 equals equals Gallery
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00000-00000049-00000279 the merry ology of the Pope says the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00001-00000280-00000483 theological study of the influence that
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00002-00000484-00000628 the Pope's have had on the development
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00003-00000629-00000858 formulation and transformation of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00004-00000859-00001056 Roman Catholic Church's doctrines and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00005-00001057-00001239 devotions relating to the Blessed Virgin
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00006-00001240-00001590 Mary the development of Mary ology over
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00007-00001591-00001766 the centuries has been influenced by a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00008-00001767-00001967 number of factors among which papal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00009-00001968-00002168 directives have often represented key
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00010-00002169-00002505 milestones examples of papal influences
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00011-00002506-00002729 include new Marian feast days prayers
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00012-00002730-00002970 acceptance of new Marian congregations
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00013-00002971-00003182 indulgences support for Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00014-00003183-00003411 apparitions eg Lourdes and Fatima and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00015-00003411-00003747 declaration of Marian dogmas a number of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00016-00003747-00003963 popes have made marian themes a key part
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00017-00003964-00004329 of their papacy eg leo xiii issued a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00018-00004330-00004538 record 11 encyclical z' on the Rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00019-00004539-00004766 Pius the 12th invoked the first and to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00020-00004767-00004979 date only case of ex cathedra papal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00021-00004980-00005193 infallibility to establish a marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00022-00005194-00005397 dogma and john paul ii built his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00023-00005398-00005597 personal coat of arms around the marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00024-00005598-00005793 cross popes have also highlighted the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00025-00005794-00006005 key Catholic Mary illogical theme of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00026-00006006-00006177 link between the study of Mary and the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00027-00006178-00006429 development of a full Christology eg as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00028-00006430-00006720 in Pius the 12th s miss D G corporis
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00029-00006720-00006981 Christie and John Paul the second s
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00030-00006981-00007417 redemptoris mater
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00031-00007418-00008070 topic papal influences on Mary ology
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00032-00008070-00008403 topic Pope's were highly important for
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00033-00008404-00008556 the development of doctrine and the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00034-00008557-00008799 veneration of the Blessed Virgin they
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00035-00008800-00009003 made decisions not only in the area of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00036-00009004-00009240 Marian beliefs mary ology but also
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00037-00009241-00009531 marian practices and devotions popes
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00038-00009532-00009732 promulgated marian veneration and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00039-00009733-00009966 beliefs by authorizing new marian feast
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00040-00009967-00010173 days marian prayers and initiatives
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00041-00010174-00010368 acceptance and support of marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00042-00010369-00010602 congregations indulgences and special
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00043-00010603-00010785 privileges and support for marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00044-00010786-00011079 devotions the formal recognition of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00045-00011080-00011283 Marian apparitions such as at Lourdes
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00046-00011284-00011492 and Fatima has also been influential
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00047-00011493-00011781 since Pope Leo the 13th Pope's have
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00048-00011782-00011934 promoted Marian devotion through
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00049-00011935-00012168 encyclicals apostolic letters and with
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00050-00012169-00012381 two dogmas Immaculate Conception and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00051-00012382-00012588 Assumption the promulgation of Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00052-00012589-00012888 years Pius the 12th john paul ii visits
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00053-00012888-00013224 to Marian shrines benedict xvi in 2007
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00054-00013225-00013413 and by actively supporting the fathers
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00055-00013413-00013599 of vatican ii as they highlighted the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00056-00013600-00013794 importance of marian veneration pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00057-00013794-00014058 john xxiii and Paul the sixth in lumen
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00058-00014059-00014144 gentium
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00059-00014144-00014379 popular views like the Assumption and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00060-00014380-00014580 the Immaculate Conception developed into
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00061-00014581-00014859 papal teaching over time popes have also
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00062-00014860-00015044 limited and cautioned against some
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00063-00015045-00015381 devotional practices in 1674 pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00064-00015382-00015786 clement the tenth 1672 1676 indexed
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00065-00015787-00016083 books on marian piety after the council
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00066-00016084-00016263 of trent marian fraternities were
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00067-00016263-00016500 founded fostering marian piety not all
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00068-00016501-00016755 of which were approved not all Pope's
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00069-00016756-00016968 took the same view on Marian beliefs and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00070-00016969-00017329 devotions
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00071-00017330-00017855 topic first millennium
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00072-00017856-00018219 topic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00073-00018220-00018728 topic Leo the great
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00074-00018729-00019100 topic Tullio the great merry ology is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00075-00019101-00019394 determined by Christology he defended
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00076-00019395-00019589 the teaching that Christ has two natures
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00077-00019590-00019894 one divine in one human the same eternal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00078-00019895-00020128 only begotten of the eternal beget her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00079-00020129-00020300 was born of the Holy Spirit and the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00080-00020301-00020585 Virgin Mary his birth in time in no way
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00081-00020586-00020794 subtracts from or adds to that divine
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00082-00020795-00020980 and eternal birth of his but its whole
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00083-00020981-00021191 purpose is to restore humanity who had
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00084-00021192-00021353 been deceived so that it might defeat
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00085-00021354-00021578 death and by its power destroy the devil
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00086-00021579-00021827 who held the power of death overcoming
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00087-00021828-00022025 the originator of sin and death would be
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00088-00022026-00022202 beyond us had not he whom sin could not
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00089-00022203-00022439 defile nor could death hold down taken
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00090-00022440-00022697 up our nature and made it his own he was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00091-00022698-00022886 conceived from the Holy Spirit inside
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00092-00022887-00023114 the womb of the Virgin Mother her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00093-00023115-00023311 virginity was as untouched in giving him
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00094-00023312-00023846 birth as it was in conceiving him
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00095-00023847-00024508 topic xiii to the 17th centuries
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00096-00024509-00024871 topic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00097-00024872-00025375 topic Clement the fourth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00098-00025376-00025809 topic Pope Clement the fourth 1265 to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00099-00025810-00026103 1268 created a poem on the seven joys of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00100-00026104-00026308 Mary which in its form is considered an
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00101-00026308-00026792 early version of the Franciscan rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00102-00026793-00027335 topic pius v
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00103-00027336-00027874 topic on September 17 1569 pope pius v
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00104-00027875-00028093 issued the papal bull Kintz wave errant
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00105-00028094-00028324 Romani Pontificia which substantially
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00106-00028325-00028495 established the rosaries present
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00107-00028496-00028730 configuration before the Battle of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00108-00028731-00029111 Lepanto in 1571 pope pius v requested to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00109-00029112-00029302 the people of europe to pray the rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00110-00029302-00029561 after the victory of the holy league he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00111-00029562-00029726 declared a commemorative feast that
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00112-00029727-00029908 later became the feast of Our Lady of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00113-00029909-00030311 the Rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00114-00030312-00030761 topic Clementi 8
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00115-00030762-00031181 topic Pope Clement the eighth 1592 to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00116-00031182-00031493 1605 considered Marian piety the basis
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00117-00031494-00031682 for church reforms and issued the bull
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00118-00031683-00032024 Dominici Greg Asst February 3rd 1603 to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00119-00032025-00032189 condemn negations of the virginity of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00120-00032189-00032522 Mary he promulgated Marian congregations
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00121-00032523-00032752 and supported the rosary culture with 19
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00122-00032754-00033112 papal bulls
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00123-00033113-00033628 topic Clement the tenth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00124-00033629-00034174 topic Pope Clement the tenth 1672 1676
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00125-00034175-00034378 furthered Marian piety with additional
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00126-00034379-00034600 indulgences and privileges to religious
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00127-00034601-00034795 orders and cities to celebrate special
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00128-00034796-00035086 marian feasts he opposed the Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00129-00035087-00035317 piety of Luis de montfort canonized by
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00130-00035318-00035542 Pope Pius the 12th with a bull published
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00131-00035543-00035863 on December 15 1673 and outlawed some
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00132-00035864-00036084 manifestations of Marian devotions
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00133-00036085-00036328 several bulls supported the frequent
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00134-00036329-00036811 sighting of the Rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00135-00036812-00037293 pick 18th century
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00136-00037294-00037657 topic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00137-00037658-00038176 topic clement xi
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00138-00038177-00038701 topic pope clement xi 1700 to 1721
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00139-00038702-00038890 prepared the groundwork for the dogma of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00140-00038891-00039151 the Immaculate Conception he permitted
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00141-00039152-00039349 the title Immaculate Conception and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00142-00039350-00039627 instructed the Holy Office in 1712 not
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00143-00039628-00039855 to persecute anyone invoking Mary using
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00144-00039856-00040062 this title the Feast of the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00145-00040063-00040333 Conception which existed only regionally
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00146-00040334-00040590 was prescribed for the whole church the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00147-00040591-00040762 Pope recommended that teachings and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00148-00040763-00040977 piety of Louis de Montfort and named him
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00149-00040978-00041176 apostolic missionary of France on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00150-00041177-00041554 October 3rd 1716 clement xi extended the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00151-00041555-00041739 feast of Our Lady of the Rosary to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00152-00041740-00042114 universal Church
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00153-00042115-00042658 topic Benedicte the 13
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00154-00042659-00043132 topic Pope Benedict the 13th 1724 to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00155-00043133-00043387 1730 issued several indulgences in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00156-00043388-00043594 support of the rosary prayer rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00157-00043595-00043762 processions and for praying the rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00158-00043763-00044101 on 15 marian tuesdays he outlawed the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00159-00044102-00044440 Serafini rosary in 1727 and extended the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00160-00044441-00044660 feasts of Our Lady of Seven Sorrows and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00161-00044661-00044830 Our Lady of Mount Carmel to the whole
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00162-00044831-00045154 church
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00163-00045155-00045672 topic Clement the twelfth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00164-00045673-00046107 topic Pope Clement the twelfth 1758 to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00165-00046108-00046404 1769 banned all Marian litanies except
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00166-00046405-00046719 the litany of Loretta in 1770 he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00167-00046720-00046914 permitted Spain to have the Immaculata
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00168-00046915-00047138 as the main patron of the country and in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00169-00047139-00047424 1767 he granted Spain the privilege of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00170-00047425-00047974 adding modder Immaculata to the litany
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00171-00047975-00048518 topic Benedikt the 14th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00172-00048519-00048899 topic pope benedict xiv wrote books
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00173-00048900-00049073 about the feast days of christ and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00174-00049074-00049322 married to festes Christie at BMV he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00175-00049323-00049523 supported the Marian congregations for
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00176-00049524-00049709 the sodality of Our Lady with the bull
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00177-00049710-00049841 gloriosa Domini
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00178-00049842-00050156 issued on September 27 1748 and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00179-00050157-00050345 increased indulgences for all who pray
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00180-00050346-00050681 the rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00181-00050682-00051216 topic Clement the 14th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00182-00051217-00051799 topic Pope Clement the 14th 1769 to 1775
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00183-00051800-00052000 had to deal with popular unrest in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00184-00052001-00052201 southern Italy regarding celebrations
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00185-00052202-00052354 and processions of the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00186-00052354-00052624 Conception he granted a privilege to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00187-00052625-00052834 Franciscans in Palermo that only they
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00188-00052835-00052963 may celebrate the Feast of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00189-00052964-00053257 Immaculate Conception later he extended
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00190-00053258-00053416 the privilege to other orders for
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00191-00053416-00053677 private masses only he outlawed the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00192-00053678-00053809 Brotherhood of the Immaculate Conception
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00193-00053810-00054040 but confirmed a Knightly order with the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00194-00054041-00054334 same name allegedly he had promised the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00195-00054335-00054924 king of Spain to dogma ties the icy
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00196-00054925-00055410 pick 19th century
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00197-00055411-00055773 topic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00198-00055774-00056278 topic pius the ninth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00199-00056279-00056635 topic the merry ology of Pope Pius the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00200-00056636-00056998 ninth 1846 to 1878 represents a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00201-00056999-00057169 significant development of Roman
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00202-00057170-00057373 Catholic theology since it led to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00203-00057374-00057520 promulgation of the dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00204-00057521-00057829 Immaculate Conception Catholic theology
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00205-00057829-00057994 in the nineteenth century was dominated
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00206-00057995-00058171 by the issue of the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00207-00058172-00058450 Conception of the Virgin Mary during his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00208-00058451-00058617 pontificate petitions increased
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00209-00058619-00058798 requesting the dog Mehta's ation of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00210-00058799-00059137 Immaculate Conception in 1848 Pius
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00211-00059138-00059344 appointed a theological Commission to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00212-00059345-00059548 analyze the possibility for a Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00213-00059549-00059833 dogma in 1848 the Pope had to flee Rome
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00214-00059834-00060034 when a revolutionary movement took over
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00215-00060035-00060220 the papal States and city government
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00216-00060221-00060484 from his exile in Gaeta he issued the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00217-00060485-00060717 encyclical ubi primum seeking the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00218-00060719-00060859 opinions of the bishops on the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00219-00060860-00061041 Immaculate Conception a novel approach
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00220-00061042-00061258 of collegiality in the history of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00221-00061259-00061621 papacy over 90% of the bishops requested
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00222-00061622-00061828 the dogma tis a ssin Pius the ninth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00223-00061829-00062122 moved cautiously on the 10th of May 1852
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00224-00062123-00062278 appointing a commission of 20
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00225-00062279-00062494 theologians to prepare a possible text
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00226-00062495-00062746 of the dogma upon their completion on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00227-00062747-00063034 the 2nd of December 1852 he asked a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00228-00063035-00063223 commission of Cardinals to finalize the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00229-00063224-00063538 text it also influenced the eventual
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00230-00063539-00063700 promulgation of the dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00231-00063701-00063966 Assumption Pius the ninths approach of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00232-00063967-00064183 seeking collegial consensus was quoted
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00233-00064184-00064404 by Pope Pius the 12th when in de perak
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00234-00064405-00064612 Virginis mary i he inquired of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00235-00064613-00064801 bishops about a possible dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00236-00064802-00065194 Assumption of the Virgin Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00237-00065195-00065521 topic 1854 proclamation of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00238-00065522-00065954 Immaculate Conception
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00239-00065955-00066383 topic it was not until 1854 that pius
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00240-00066384-00066536 the ninth with the support of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00241-00066537-00066746 overwhelming majority of roman catholic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00242-00066747-00066911 bishops proclaimed the immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00243-00066912-00067265 conception eight years earlier in 1846
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00244-00067266-00067478 the pope had granted the unanimous wish
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00245-00067479-00067619 of the bishops from the united states
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00246-00067620-00067814 and declared the Immaculate of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00247-00067815-00068087 patron of the USA during first Vatican
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00248-00068088-00068348 Council some 108 council fathers
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00249-00068349-00068609 requested to add the words Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00250-00068610-00068900 Virgin to the Hail Mary some fathers
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00251-00068901-00069041 requested the dogma of the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00252-00069042-00069278 Conception to be included in the Creed
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00253-00069279-00069470 of the church which was opposed by Pius
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00254-00069471-00069775 the ninth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00255-00069776-00070038 topic rejection of a dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00256-00070039-00070384 Assumption
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00257-00070385-00070768 topic during the first Vatican Council 9
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00258-00070769-00070966 Mary illogical petitions favored a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00259-00070967-00071173 possible assumption dogma but this was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00260-00071174-00071368 strongly opposed by some council fathers
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00261-00071369-00071668 especially from Germany on the 8th of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00262-00071669-00071878 May the fathers rejected a dogma ties a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00263-00071879-00072079 ssin at that time a rejection shared by
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00264-00072080-00072310 Pius the ninth council fathers
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00265-00072311-00072490 highlighted the divine motherhood of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00266-00072491-00072664 Mary and called her the mother of all
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00267-00072665-00072871 graces Pius the ninth believed in the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00268-00072872-00073060 Assumption of Mary and recognized the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00269-00073061-00073246 close relation between the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00270-00073247-00073438 Conception of Mary and her being taken
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00271-00073439-00073693 up into heaven he resisted attempts
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00272-00073694-00073918 however to issue a second marian dogma
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00273-00073919-00074215 within two decades he attributed to Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00274-00074216-00074428 his narrow escape from Rome to Gaeta in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00275-00074429-00074883 1848
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00276-00074884-00075417 topic leo xiii
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00277-00075418-00075777 topic in his encyclical on the 50th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00278-00075778-00075927 anniversary of the dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00279-00075928-00076137 Immaculate Conception Pope Leo the 13th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00280-00076138-00076440 stresses Mary s role in the redemption
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00281-00076441-00076746 of humanity his Mary ology was greatly
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00282-00076747-00077046 influenced by Thomas Aquinas especially
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00283-00077047-00077355 his view of Mary s role in the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00284-00077356-00077613 Annunciation Leo's emphasis on the path
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00285-00077614-00077805 through Mary to Christ has been a key
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00286-00077806-00077973 direction in roman catholic mariology
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00287-00077974-00078234 with mary ology viewed as inherent in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00288-00078235-00078441 Christology and the Rosary paving that
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00289-00078442-00078906 path Pope Leo the 13th 1878 to 1903
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00290-00078907-00079119 issued a record number of encyclical
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00291-00079120-00079362 Zahn the Rosary instituted the Catholic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00292-00079363-00079575 custom of daily rosary prayer during the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00293-00079576-00079863 month of October and created in 1883 the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00294-00079864-00080139 Feast of Queen of the Holy Rosary leo
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00295-00080140-00080409 xiii promulgated marian devotions via
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00296-00080410-00080621 eleven and cyclical x' on the rosary a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00297-00080622-00080940 centennial after his death leo xiii is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00298-00080941-00081138 often quoted most recently by pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00299-00081139-00081531 benedict xvi and john paul ii he applied
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00300-00081532-00081762 the marian analysis of luis de montfort
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00301-00081763-00081956 to the analysis of the church as a whole
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00302-00081957-00082224 leo actively employed his papal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00303-00082225-00082407 authority to support the veneration of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00304-00082408-00082701 Mary in places of her apparitions upon
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00305-00082702-00082866 the blessing and opening of the Church
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00306-00082867-00083049 of Our Lady in Lourdes he issued an
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00307-00083050-00083280 apostolic writing party human a genera
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00308-00083281-00083475 supporting pilgrimages to Lourdes and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00309-00083476-00083850 other marian shrines leo xiii declared
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00310-00083851-00084015 the Virgin of Montserrat to be the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00311-00084016-00084231 patron of Catalonia and instituted the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00312-00084232-00084585 Feast of the miraculous medal in 1894 he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00313-00084586-00084777 condemned heresies about the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00314-00084778-00084978 Conception and discussed the relation of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00315-00084979-00085161 Saint Joseph to Mary an encyclical
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00316-00085162-00085536 quantum please August 15 1889 leo xiii
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00317-00085537-00085761 explained the importance of the Rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00318-00085762-00085959 as the one road to God from the father
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00319-00085960-00086166 to the son to his mother and from her to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00320-00086167-00086442 the human race the Rosary is a vital
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00321-00086443-00086643 means to participate in the life of Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00322-00086644-00087101 and to find the way to Christ
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00323-00087102-00087533 topic mediatrix
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00324-00087534-00087911 topic leo xiii was the first pope to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00325-00087912-00088118 fully embrace the concept of mary as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00326-00088119-00088421 media tricks in his rosary and cyclical
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00327-00088422-00088604 x' he described the Virgin Mary as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00328-00088605-00088973 mediating all graces in 1883 he wrote
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00329-00088974-00089195 that nothing is as salvific and powerful
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00330-00089196-00089384 as asking for the support of the Virgin
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00331-00089385-00089585 the mediator of peace with God and of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00332-00089586-00089843 heavenly graces in his rosary and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00333-00089844-00090059 cyclical October immense he stated that
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00334-00090060-00090290 Mary as administrator of Graces on earth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00335-00090291-00090512 part of a new salvation order in day
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00336-00090513-00090737 mattress he noted that Mary is mediator
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00337-00090738-00090926 because Christ the Lord is also our
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00338-00090927-00091151 brother and in Dukan December he stated
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00339-00091152-00091340 that the deepest reason why Roman
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00340-00091341-00091505 Catholics look for the protection of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00341-00091506-00091691 Mary through prayer is most certainly
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00342-00091692-00091945 her office's mediator of divine grace in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00343-00091946-00092222 August EC May Virginis Mary I
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00344-00092223-00092393 he wrote that calling on Mary is the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00345-00092394-00092597 best way to be heard by God and to find
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00346-00092598-00092795 His grace from Thomas Aquinas Leo
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00347-00092796-00093007 borrows the notion that Mary in the hour
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00348-00093008-00093221 of Annunciation assumed the role of a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00349-00093222-00093479 helper in the mystery of redemption thus
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00350-00093480-00093641 all Christians are born through Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00351-00093642-00093923 with Jesus Mary carried all in her womb
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00352-00093924-00094127 therefore all Christians are her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00353-00094128-00094422 children
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00354-00094423-00094904 topic scapulars
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00355-00094905-00095246 topic more than any other pope leo xiii
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00356-00095247-00095483 who was himself a member of the pious
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00357-00095484-00095699 union of Our Lady of Good Counsel was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00358-00095700-00095873 deeply attached to our Lady of Good
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00359-00095874-00096167 Counsel the small scapular of Our Lady
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00360-00096168-00096392 of Good Counsel the white scapular was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00361-00096393-00096548 presented by the hermit's of Saint
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00362-00096549-00096809 Augustine to leo xiii who in December
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00363-00096810-00097049 1893 approved it and endowed it with
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00364-00097050-00097505 indulgences on April 22nd 1903 leo xiii
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00365-00097506-00097778 included the invocation modder boney
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00366-00097779-00098177 console a in the litany of Loreto during
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00367-00098178-00098405 predecessor pious reign the scapular of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00368-00098406-00098612 Our Lady of ransom was yet approved in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00369-00098613-00099026 1868
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00370-00099027-00099583 topic 20th century
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00371-00099584-00099943 topic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00372-00099944-00100453 topic Pius the tenth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00373-00100454-00100893 topic pope st. Pius the tenth 1903 to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00374-00100894-00101242 1914 promoted daily communion in his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00375-00101243-00101539 1904 and cyclical ad diem Ilham he views
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00376-00101540-00101788 Mary in context of restoring everything
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00377-00101789-00101937 in Christ
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00378-00101938-00102166 spiritually we all are her children and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00379-00102167-00102352 she is the mother of us therefore she
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00380-00102353-00102534 must be adored like a mother Christ as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00381-00102535-00102703 the word made flesh and the Saviour of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00382-00102704-00102969 mankind he had a physical body like
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00383-00102970-00103165 every other man and as Savior of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00384-00103166-00103386 human family he had a spiritual and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00385-00103388-00103678 mystical body the church this the Pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00386-00103679-00103911 argues has consequences for our view of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00387-00103913-00104200 the Blessed Virgin she did not conceive
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00388-00104201-00104413 the eternal son of God merely that he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00389-00104414-00104583 might be made man taking his human
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00390-00104584-00104791 nature from her but also by giving him
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00391-00104792-00104947 her human nature that he might be the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00392-00104948-00105234 Redeemer of men Mary carrying the Savior
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00393-00105235-00105430 within her also carried all those whose
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00394-00105431-00105595 life was contained in the life of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00395-00105596-00105892 Savior therefore all the faithful United
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00396-00105893-00106110 to Christ are members of his body of his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00397-00106111-00106297 flesh and of his bones from the womb of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00398-00106298-00106485 Mary like a body United to its head
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00399-00106486-00106768 though a spiritual and mystical fashion
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00400-00106769-00106945 all her children of Mary and she is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00401-00106946-00107218 their mother mother spiritually but
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00402-00107219-00107459 truly mother of the members of Christ s
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00403-00107460-00108131 August LDS virgin at 8 C 6
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00404-00108132-00108665 topic Benedicte the 15
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00405-00108666-00109205 topic Pope Benedict the 15 1914 to 1922
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00406-00109206-00109430 was an ardent merry ologist devoted to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00407-00109431-00109595 Marian veneration and open new
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00408-00109596-00109885 theological perspectives he personally
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00409-00109886-00110039 addressed in numerous letters the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00410-00110040-00110297 pilgrims at Marian sanctuaries he named
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00411-00110298-00110533 Mary the patron of Bavaria and permitted
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00412-00110534-00110717 in Mexico the Feast of the ISEE of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00413-00110718-00110981 Guadalupe to underline his support for
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00414-00110982-00111208 the Mediatrix theology he authorized the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00415-00111209-00111521 Feast of Mary mediator of all graces he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00416-00111522-00111731 condemned the misuse of Marian statues
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00417-00111732-00111926 and pictures dressed in priestly robes
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00418-00111927-00112244 which he outlawed April 4th 1916 during
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00419-00112245-00112457 World War one Benedict placed the world
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00420-00112458-00112628 under the protection of the Blessed
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00421-00112629-00112856 Virgin Mary Roman Catholic and added the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00422-00112857-00113063 invocation Mary Queen of Peace to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00423-00113064-00113156 litany of Loreto
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00424-00113157-00113429 he promoted Marian veneration throughout
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00425-00113430-00113633 the world by elevating twenty well-known
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00426-00113633-00113840 Marian shrines such as Edel Abbey in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00427-00113841-00114136 Bavaria into Basilica minors he also
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00428-00114138-00114347 promoted Marian devotions in the month
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00429-00114348-00114535 of May in the spirit of green young de
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00430-00114536-00114749 Montfort the dogmatic Constitution on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00431-00114750-00114902 the church issued by the Second Vatican
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00432-00114903-00115151 Council quotes the Marian theology of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00433-00115152-00115373 Benedict the 15th in his encyclical on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00434-00115374-00115604 Ephraim the Syrian he depicts ephraim as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00435-00115605-00115802 a model of Marian devotion to our mother
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00436-00115803-00116096 who uniquely was predestined by God Pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00437-00116097-00116288 Benedict did not issue a marian and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00438-00116289-00116447 cyclical but addressed the issue of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00439-00116448-00116645 co-redemptrix in his apostolic letter
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00440-00116646-00117017 inter sold alica issued march 22nd 1918
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00441-00117018-00117338 as the Blessed Virgin Mary does not seem
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00442-00117339-00117524 to participate in the public life of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00443-00117525-00117743 Jesus Christ and then suddenly appears
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00444-00117744-00117944 at the Stations of his cross she is not
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00445-00117945-00118175 there without divine intention she
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00446-00118176-00118360 suffers with her suffering and dying son
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00447-00118361-00118561 almost as if she would have died herself
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00448-00118563-00118856 for the salvation of mankind she gave up
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00449-00118857-00119015 her rights as the mother of her son and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00450-00119016-00119255 sacrificed him for the reconciliation of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00451-00119256-00119441 divine justice as far as she was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00452-00119442-00119714 permitted to do therefore one can say
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00453-00119715-00120195 she redeemed with Christ the human race
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00454-00120196-00120716 topic pius xi
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00455-00120717-00121119 topic pope pius xi ruled the church from
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00456-00121120-00121545 1922 to 1939 during his pontificate a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00457-00121546-00121727 possible dogma of the assumption was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00458-00121728-00121997 being discussed he granted France the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00459-00121998-00122159 patron Our Lady assumed into heaven
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00460-00122160-00122540 patron in 1930 he sent a papal delegate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00461-00122541-00122726 to the celebration of the house of Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00462-00122727-00123137 in Loretto and in 1931 1,500 years after
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00463-00123138-00123345 the council of ephesus he issued a call
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00464-00123346-00123515 to the separated Orthodox Church to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00465-00123516-00123710 venerate Mary together and to overcome
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00466-00123711-00123981 the schism in several APIs taluk
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00467-00123982-00124166 writings he supported the rosary prayer
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00468-00124167-00124490 in 1931 he instituted the fest of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00469-00124491-00124829 motherhood of Mary pope pius xi like to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00470-00124830-00124952 quote bernard of clairvaux
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00471-00124953-00125466 we have everything through Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00472-00125467-00125985 topic Pius the 12th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00473-00125986-00126366 topic au heniochus le was devoted to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00474-00126367-00126615 Virgin Mary and as a young boy to images
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00475-00126616-00126840 in Rome received particular veneration
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00476-00126841-00127053 the Madonna della Strada and Salus
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00477-00127054-00127300 populi Romani Pope Pius the 12th was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00478-00127301-00127476 called the most Marian Pope in church
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00479-00127477-00127758 history he placed his pontificate under
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00480-00127759-00128001 the protection of the virgin in the 1943
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00481-00128002-00128235 and cyclical mists Ichi corporis Pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00482-00128236-00128539 Pius the 12th speaks to the 1854 dogma
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00483-00128540-00128746 of the Immaculate Conception promulgated
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00484-00128747-00129111 by Pius the 9th in 1854 Mary whose
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00485-00129113-00129285 sinless soul was filled with the divine
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00486-00129286-00129493 spirit of Jesus Christ above all other
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00487-00129494-00129733 created Souls in the name of the whole
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00488-00129733-00130033 human race gave her consent for a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00489-00130033-00130236 spiritual marriage between the Son of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00490-00130238-00130554 God and human nature thus elevating
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00491-00130555-00130764 human nature beyond the realm of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00492-00130765-00130969 purely material through her powerful
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00493-00130970-00131178 prayers she obtained that the spirit of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00494-00131179-00131356 our divine Redeemer should be bestowed
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00495-00131357-00131575 on the newly founded church at Pentecost
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00496-00131576-00131800 she is most holy mother of all the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00497-00131801-00131979 members of Christ and reigns in heaven
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00498-00131980-00132208 with her son her body and soul refulgent
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00499-00132209-00132424 with heavenly glory many of the saints
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00500-00132425-00132651 canonized by Pius the 12th were deeply
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00501-00132652-00132874 devoted to Mary such as Peter Chanel
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00502-00132875-00133000 Jean de les tonic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00503-00133001-00133176 Pope Pius the tenth Catherine Laboure
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00504-00133177-00133598 and Anthony Mary claret
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00505-00133599-00134047 topic fátima
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00506-00134048-00134347 topic Facel ii was consecrated
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00507-00134348-00134587 archbishop in the Sistine Chapel by Pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00508-00134588-00134923 Benedict the 15th on May 13th 1917 the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00509-00134924-00135088 same day as the first purported
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00510-00135089-00135343 apparition of Our Lady of Fatima his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00511-00135344-00135583 Secretary of State Cardinal luigi mug
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00512-00135584-00135775 Leone would later say that the Pope had
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00513-00135776-00135958 been deeply moved by the parallel of his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00514-00135959-00136126 Episcopal consecration and the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00515-00136127-00136381 apparition in Fatima referring to his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00516-00136382-00136650 Episcopal consecration Pope Pius said at
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00517-00136651-00136915 the same hour when the Lord placed the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00518-00136916-00137068 concern of the whole church on our
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00519-00137069-00137248 shoulders at the mountain of Fatima
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00520-00137249-00137410 appeared for the first time the white
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00521-00137411-00137608 queen of the Holy Rosary as if the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00522-00137609-00137779 mother of Mercy wanted to indicate that
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00523-00137780-00138001 in the stormy times of our pontificate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00524-00138002-00138181 in the midst of the great crisis of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00525-00138182-00138361 human history we will always have the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00526-00138362-00138559 motherly and vigilant assistance of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00527-00138560-00138742 great conquerors who would protect and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00528-00138743-00138937 guide us Cardinal Tedeschi nee who was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00529-00138938-00139195 present at the consecration in 1917
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00530-00139196-00139402 added his view to the coincidence the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00531-00139403-00139675 pontificate of Pius the 12th is focused
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00532-00139676-00139849 on Fatima May 13th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00533-00139850-00140149 it was Our Lady of Fatima who connected
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00534-00140150-00140374 with the person and future of a Eugenia
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00535-00140375-00140443 pucelli
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00536-00140444-00140662 having him consecrated through the hands
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00537-00140663-00140866 of Pope Benedict the fifteenth to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00538-00140867-00141073 fullness of priesthood at the very day
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00539-00141074-00141289 an hour in which the Most Blessed Virgin
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00540-00141290-00141526 with her messages first descended to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00541-00141527-00141874 Fatima may 13th is engraved in all our
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00542-00141875-00142072 hearts how much more in the heart of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00543-00142073-00142456 this Pope on May 13th 1942 the 25th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00544-00142457-00142690 anniversary of the first apparition and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00545-00142691-00142897 silver jubilee of the Episcopal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00546-00142898-00143161 consecration of Pope Pius the 12th the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00547-00143162-00143389 Vatican published the message and Secret
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00548-00143390-00143818 of Fatima in May 1946 he authorized his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00549-00143819-00144064 personal representative Cardinal Messala
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00550-00144065-00144328 to preside over a canonical coronation
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00551-00144329-00144547 of the image of Our Lady of Fatima in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00552-00144548-00144691 Fatima Portugal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00553-00144692-00145000 the faithful virgin never disappointed
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00554-00145001-00145279 the trust put on her she will transform
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00555-00145280-00145525 into a fountain of Graces physical and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00556-00145526-00145798 spiritual graces over all of Portugal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00557-00145799-00145885 and from there
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00558-00145886-00146080 breaking all frontiers over the whole
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00559-00146081-00146325 church and the entire world in May 18th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00560-00146326-00146590 1950 the Pope sent a message to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00561-00146591-00146923 people of Portugal may Portugal never
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00562-00146924-00147103 forget the heavenly message of Fatima
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00563-00147104-00147304 which before anybody else she was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00564-00147305-00147421 blessed to hear
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00565-00147422-00147613 to keep Fatima in your heart and to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00566-00147614-00147847 translate Fatima into deeds is the best
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00567-00147848-00148276 guarantee for evermore graces
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00568-00148277-00148751 topic marion year
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00569-00148752-00149174 topic with the September 8 1953 and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00570-00149175-00149363 cyclical full jhin's corona Pius the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00571-00149364-00149582 12th became the first pope to call for a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00572-00149583-00149807 marian year a practice continued by john
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00573-00149808-00150304 paul ii in 1987 set for 1954 marian year
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00574-00150305-00150479 included initiatives in the areas of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00575-00150480-00150749 mary ology cultural events charity and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00576-00150750-00151094 social gatherings
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00577-00151095-00151591 topic lords
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00578-00151592-00151954 topic the encyclical lapel er image de
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00579-00151955-00152341 lords was issued on July 2nd 1957 the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00580-00152342-00152533 encyclical represents the strongest
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00581-00152534-00152737 pronouncement of the papal Magisterium
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00582-00152738-00152935 on Marian apparitions in the history of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00583-00152936-00153220 the Catholic Church in it Pius recalls
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00584-00153221-00153394 pleasant memories of the pilgrimage to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00585-00153395-00153592 Lourdes which he undertook while papal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00586-00153593-00153778 delegate at the Eucharistic and Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00587-00153779-00154138 celebrations in 1937 the Pope reminds
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00588-00154139-00154312 the faithful of France that every
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00589-00154313-00154513 Christian land as a Marian land and that
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00590-00154514-00154696 there is not one nation redeemed in the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00591-00154697-00154891 blood of Christ which does not glory in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00592-00154892-00155059 proclaiming Mary its mother and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00593-00155060-00155281 patroness he then recalls the history of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00594-00155282-00155497 Marian veneration the history of Lourdes
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00595-00155498-00155674 and the contributions of the Pope's to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00596-00155675-00155947 her veneration in Lourdes Christian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00597-00155948-00156133 families must remain faithful to their
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00598-00156134-00156373 vital mission in society and consecrate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00599-00156374-00156556 themselves in this Jubilee year to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00600-00156557-00156802 Immaculate Heart of Mary for married
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00601-00156803-00156976 couples this consecration will be a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00602-00156977-00157195 valuable aid in their conjugal duties of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00603-00157196-00157402 chastity and faithfulness and keep pure
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00604-00157403-00157677 the atmosphere in which children grow up
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00605-00157678-00157915 professional and civic affairs offer a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00606-00157916-00158176 vast field of marian action gathered at
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00607-00158177-00158338 the Virgin's feet and open to her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00608-00158339-00158542 teachings self searching will uproot any
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00609-00158543-00158884 false judgments and selfish impulses
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00610-00158885-00159114 the quest for social and political peace
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00611-00159115-00159366 among Manas above all a moral problem
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00612-00159367-00159564 because no reform can bear fruit no
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00613-00159565-00159745 agreement lasting without a conversion
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00614-00159746-00160009 and cleansing of heart in this Jubilee
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00615-00160010-00160207 year the Virgin of Lourdes reminds all
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00616-00160208-00160425 men of this truck pious 12 teaches that
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00617-00160426-00160614 Mary looks upon some of her children
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00618-00160615-00160810 with a special affection the lowly the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00619-00160811-00161023 poor and the afflicted whom Jesus loved
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00620-00161024-00161340 so much go to her you who are crushed by
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00621-00161341-00161560 material misery defenseless against the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00622-00161561-00161734 hardships of life and the indifference
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00623-00161735-00161991 of men go to her you who are assailed by
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00624-00161992-00162279 sorrows and moral trials go to her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00625-00162280-00162499 beloved invalids and infirm you who are
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00626-00162500-00162666 sincerely welcomed and honored at
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00627-00162667-00162832 Lourdes as the suffering members of our
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00628-00162833-00163089 Lord go to her and receive peace of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00629-00163090-00163309 heart strength for your daily duties joy
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00630-00163310-00163512 for the sacrifice you offer the pontiff
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00631-00163513-00163704 states that the Immaculate Virgin knows
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00632-00163705-00163914 the secret ways by which grace operates
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00633-00163915-00164214 in souls she also knows also the great
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00634-00164215-00164424 price which God attaches to sufferings
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00635-00164425-00164612 United to those of the Savior the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00636-00164613-00164886 encyclical closes with a quote of Saint
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00637-00164887-00164983 Bernard of Clairvaux
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00638-00164984-00165264 amid dangers difficulties and doubts
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00639-00165265-00165643 think of Mary invoke Mary's aid
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00640-00165644-00165904 if you follow her you will not stray if
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00641-00165905-00166117 you entreat her you will not lose hope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00642-00166118-00166288 if you reflect upon her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00643-00166289-00166528 you will not err if she supports you you
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00644-00166529-00166759 will not fall if she protects you you
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00645-00166760-00166990 will not fear if she leads you you will
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00646-00166991-00167248 not grow weary if she is propitious you
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00647-00167249-00167703 will reach your goal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00648-00167704-00167964 topic consecration to the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00649-00167965-00168279 Heart
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00650-00168280-00168795 topic on October 31st 1942 Pius the 12th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00651-00168796-00168996 consecrated the human race and later
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00652-00168997-00169158 Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00653-00169159-00169656 on October 31st 1942 Pope Pius the 12th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00654-00169657-00169866 in a radio address informed the people
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00655-00169867-00170064 of Portugal about the apparitions of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00656-00170065-00170277 Fatima consecrating the human race to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00657-00170278-00170439 the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin with
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00658-00170440-00170715 specific mention of Russia on December
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00659-00170716-00170991 8th 1942 the pontiff officially and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00660-00170992-00171207 solemnly declared this consecration in a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00661-00171208-00171458 ceremony in st. Peter Basilica in Rome
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00662-00171459-00171720 the consecration to the Immaculate Heart
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00663-00171721-00172083 of Mary took place on October 31st 1942
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00664-00172084-00172287 just before major turning points in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00665-00172288-00172617 World War two Pius the 12th consecrated
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00666-00172618-00172782 to Mary not only the church but the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00667-00172783-00172991 whole human race as father of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00668-00172992-00173277 Christianity as representative of Christ
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00669-00173278-00173615 to whom all power is given
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00670-00173616-00173912 heaven and in earth quote the solemn
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00671-00173913-00174101 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00672-00174102-00174299 Mary was pronounced at a critical phase
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00673-00174300-00174647 of on October 31st at that time German
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00674-00174648-00174809 troops under general Rommel had
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00675-00174810-00174984 conquered strategic parts of North
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00676-00174985-00175172 Africa and were advancing towards the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00677-00175173-00175458 Suez Canal in the Pacific following
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00678-00175459-00175632 Pearl Harbor the Imperial Japanese
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00679-00175633-00175850 forces occupied ever-increasing
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00680-00175851-00176075 territories and in Russia experienced an
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00681-00176076-00176351 ever-expanding German invasion in this
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00682-00176352-00176585 situation Pope Pius the 12th like his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00683-00176586-00176831 predecessors put his trust in prayer on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00684-00176832-00177219 October 31st 1942 he called for a prayer
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00685-00177220-00177393 crusade to the Queen of Peace and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00686-00177394-00177551 dedicated the whole human race and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00687-00177552-00177701 especially Russia to the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00688-00177702-00178158 Heart of Mary in 1944 Pope Pius the 12th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00689-00178159-00178310 prescribed the Feast of the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00690-00178311-00178537 Heart of Mary for the whole church in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00691-00178538-00178809 1944 and placed his pontificate under
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00692-00178810-00178991 the special patronage of the Virgin in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00693-00178992-00179196 his apostolic letter of the seventh of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00694-00179197-00179556 July 1952 Sacro virgin Pius consecrated
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00695-00179557-00179747 Russia to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00696-00179748-00180183 on May 1st 1948 inauspicious item Pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00697-00180184-00180404 Pius requested the consecration to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00698-00180405-00180548 Immaculate Heart of every Catholic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00699-00180549-00180629 family
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00700-00180630-00180890 parish and diocese it is our wish
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00701-00180891-00181068 consequently that wherever the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00702-00181069-00181272 opportunity suggests itself this
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00703-00181273-00181454 consecration be made in the various
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00704-00181455-00181634 dioceses as well as in each of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00705-00181635-00182038 parishes and Families
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00706-00182039-00182646 topic marry ology of Pius the 12th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00707-00182647-00183026 topic the 1854 dogma of the Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00708-00183027-00183345 Conception by Pius ix defined the Virgin
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00709-00183346-00183531 conceived without sin as the mother of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00710-00183532-00183807 God and our mother Pope Pius the 12th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00711-00183808-00184049 built on this in misty G corporis which
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00712-00184050-00184296 summarizes his Mary ology Maria whose
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00713-00184297-00184466 sinless soul was filled with the divine
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00714-00184467-00184674 spirit of Jesus Christ above all other
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00715-00184675-00184911 created Souls in the name of the whole
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00716-00184912-00185169 human race gave her consent
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00717-00185170-00185411 for a spiritual marriage between the Son
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00718-00185412-00185736 of God and human nature thus elevating
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00719-00185737-00185946 human nature beyond the realm of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00720-00185947-00186191 purely material she who according to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00721-00186192-00186396 flesh was the mother of our head became
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00722-00186397-00186626 mother of all his members through her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00723-00186627-00186822 powerful prayers she obtained that the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00724-00186823-00187011 Spirit of our divine Redeemer should be
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00725-00187012-00187194 bestowed on the newly founded church at
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00726-00187195-00187274 Pentecost
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00727-00187275-00187509 she is most holy mother of all the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00728-00187510-00187671 members of Christ and reigns in heaven
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00729-00187672-00187901 with her son her body and soul refulgent
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00730-00187902-00188273 with heavenly glory
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00731-00188274-00188534 topic adoption of the dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00732-00188535-00188881 Assumption
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00733-00188882-00189316 topic in 1950 Pius the 12th defined the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00734-00189317-00189499 assumption of Mary as an article of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00735-00189500-00189772 faith for Roman Catholics this was the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00736-00189773-00190039 first and as of 2016 only ex cathedra
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00737-00190040-00190282 exercise of papal infallibility since
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00738-00190283-00190705 Vatican I on November 1st 1950 Pope Pius
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00739-00190706-00190879 the 12th to define the dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00740-00190880-00191185 Assumption by the authority of our Lord
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00741-00191186-00191440 Jesus Christ of the Blessed apostles
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00742-00191441-00191689 Peter and Paul and by our own authority
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00743-00191690-00191929 we pronounced declare and define it to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00744-00191930-00192151 be a divinely revealed dogma that the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00745-00192152-00192406 immaculate mother of god the ever Virgin
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00746-00192407-00192634 Mary having completed the course of her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00747-00192635-00192886 earthly life was assumed body and soul
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00748-00192887-00193201 into heavenly glory the dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00749-00193202-00193417 bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00750-00193418-00193606 the crowning of the theology of Pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00751-00193607-00193978 Pius the 12th in 1950 Pope Pius the 12th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00752-00193979-00194191 defined the Assumption of Mary as being
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00753-00194192-00194397 an article of faith for Roman Catholics
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00754-00194398-00194680 this was the first and to date only ex
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00755-00194681-00194884 cathedra exercise of papal infallibility
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00756-00194885-00195259 since vatican i was preceded by the 1946
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00757-00195260-00195481 and cyclical dye pair of Virginis mary i
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00758-00195482-00195703 which requested all catholic bishops to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00759-00195704-00195871 express their opinion on a possible
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00760-00195872-00196165 dogmas ation in this dogmatic statement
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00761-00196166-00196399 the phrase having completed the course
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00762-00196400-00196666 of her earthly life leaves open the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00763-00196667-00196864 question of whether the Virgin Mary died
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00764-00196865-00197056 before her assumption or whether she was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00765-00197057-00197251 assumed before death both possibilities
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00766-00197252-00197527 are allowed mary's assumption was a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00767-00197528-00197766 divine gift to Mary as Mother of God as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00768-00197767-00198025 Mary completed her race as a shining
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00769-00198026-00198202 example to the human race the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00770-00198203-00198388 perspective of the gift of Assumption is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00771-00198389-00198788 offered to the whole human race
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00772-00198789-00199312 topic new Marian feasts
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00773-00199313-00199693 topic Pope Pius the 12th instituted the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00774-00199694-00199899 Feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00775-00199900-00200200 1944 to be celebrated on the 22nd of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00776-00200201-00200403 August coinciding with the traditional
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00777-00200404-00200671 octave day of the Assumption in 1969
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00778-00200672-00200833 Pope Paul the sixth moved the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00779-00200834-00201015 celebration of the Immaculate Heart of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00780-00201016-00201226 Mary to the day Saturday immediately
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00781-00201227-00201412 after the solemnity of the Sacred Heart
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00782-00201413-00201844 of Jesus in the October 11th 1954 and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00783-00201845-00202096 cyclical ad Cali Regina he introduced a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00784-00202097-00202299 new Marian feast the queenship of Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00785-00202300-00202636 in several and cyclicals and apostolic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00786-00202637-00202803 letters to the people of Poland and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00787-00202804-00202963 other countries behind the Iron Curtain
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00788-00202964-00203212 he expresses certainty that the Blessed
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00789-00203213-00203374 Virgin Mary will triumph over her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00790-00203375-00203623 enemies assumed into heaven so Pope Pius
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00791-00203624-00203874 Mary is with Jesus Christ her divine son
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00792-00203875-00204141 Mary should be called Queen not only
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00793-00204142-00204301 because of her divine motherhood of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00794-00204302-00204516 Jesus Christ her only son but also
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00795-00204517-00204690 because God has willed her to have an
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00796-00204691-00204853 exceptional role in the work of our
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00797-00204854-00205164 eternal salvation the encyclical argues
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00798-00205165-00205354 that Christ because he redeemed us is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00799-00205355-00205587 our Lord and King by a special title so
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00800-00205588-00205812 the Blessed Virgin also is our queen on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00801-00205813-00205965 account of the unique manner in which
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00802-00205966-00206187 she assisted in our Redemption by giving
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00803-00206188-00206391 of her own substance by freely offering
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00804-00206392-00206589 him for us by her singular desire and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00805-00206590-00206796 petition for an active interest in our
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00806-00206798-00207055 salvation at the same time as he closely
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00807-00207056-00207234 associated the celebrations of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00808-00207235-00207441 Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Sacred
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00809-00207442-00207655 Heart of Jesus Pope Paul the sixth moved
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00810-00207656-00207850 the celebration of the queenship of Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00811-00207851-00208096 from the 31st of May to the 22nd of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00812-00208096-00208317 August bringing it into association with
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00813-00208319-00208681 the Feast of her Assumption
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00814-00208682-00209221 topic mariya logical writings
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00815-00209221-00209569 topic in several and cyclicals and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00816-00209569-00209748 apostolic letters to the people of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00817-00209750-00209926 Poland and other countries behind the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00818-00209927-00210148 Iron Curtain he expressed certainty that
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00819-00210148-00210319 the Blessed Virgin Mary would triumph
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00820-00210319-00210771 over her enemies on September 8 1953 the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00821-00210773-00210984 encyclical Fulton's Corona announced a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00822-00210985-00211264 marian year for 1954 the centennial of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00823-00211265-00211452 the dogma of the Immaculate Conception
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00824-00211453-00211707 Pope Pius the 12th left open the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00825-00211708-00211900 Mediatrix question the role of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00826-00211901-00212101 Virgin in the salvation acts of her son
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00827-00212102-00212437 Jesus Christ in the encyclical ad K lira
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00828-00212438-00212598 genome he promulgated the Feast
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00829-00212600-00212919 queenship of Mary Pius the 12th who was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00830-00212921-00213231 consecrated on may 13th 1917 the very
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00831-00213232-00213456 day Our Lady of Fatima is believed to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00832-00213457-00213633 have first appeared consecrated the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00833-00213634-00213830 world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00834-00213831-00214083 1942 in accordance with the second
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00835-00214084-00214407 secret of Our Lady of Fatima his remains
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00836-00214408-00214584 were to be buried in the crypt of st.
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00837-00214585-00214782 Peter Basilica on the feast day of Our
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00838-00214783-00215302 Lady of Fatima October 13 1958 in 1950
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00839-00215303-00215587 and in 1958 he authorized institutions
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00840-00215588-00215805 for increased academic research into the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00841-00215806-00215989 veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00842-00215990-00216340 see below in 1953 Pope Pius ordered a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00843-00216341-00216625 marian year for 1954 the first in church
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00844-00216626-00216892 history the year was filled with marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00845-00216892-00217114 initiatives in the areas of mary ology
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00846-00217115-00217332 cultural events charity and social
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00847-00217333-00217533 gatherings in his encyclical full jhin's
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00848-00217534-00217767 corona and AD Kayle regina he presented
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00849-00217769-00217966 a synthesis of the mary ology of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00850-00217967-00218146 church and warned against excesses and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00851-00218146-00218326 timid under-representation of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00852-00218327-00218725 Catholic faith
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00853-00218726-00219190 pick marry illogical research
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00854-00219191-00219558 topic pius strongly supported marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00855-00219559-00219712 research with the foundation or
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00856-00219713-00219873 enlargement of a number of research
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00857-00219875-00220317 centers in rome in 1950 and in 1958 he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00858-00220319-00220516 authorized institutions for increased
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00859-00220517-00220731 academic research into the veneration of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00860-00220732-00220796 Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00861-00220798-00221100 Pope Pius supported or rewarded Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00862-00221101-00221287 illogical research of scholars like
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00863-00221288-00221544 Gabriel Rossini Ramon dos Piazza Otto
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00864-00221546-00221863 Fowler and Sebastian Trump Rossini was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00865-00221864-00222081 named head of the marianum spiotti and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00866-00222082-00222279 Trump were asked to participate in his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00867-00222280-00222492 encyclical z' fowler received a papal
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00868-00222494-00222777 medal for his work he also promulgated
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00869-00222778-00222981 mary ology within the circles associated
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00870-00222982-00223179 with the Holy See took a major step
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00871-00223180-00223401 forward between during the holy year in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00872-00223402-00223731 1950 and in 1958 based on the actions of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00873-00223732-00223917 Pope Pius the 12th who authorized
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00874-00223919-00224130 institutions for increased academic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00875-00224131-00224292 research into the veneration of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00876-00224294-00224628 Blessed Virgin Mary academia Mariano
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00877-00224629-00224848 salaz yonder he granted the foundation
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00878-00224848-00225051 of the academia Marianas Alicia Anna
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00879-00225052-00225255 which is a part of a papal university
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00880-00225256-00225544 the Academy supports Silesian studies
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00881-00225544-00225667 with the aim of furthering the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00882-00225667-00225852 veneration of the Blessed Virgin in the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00883-00225853-00226176 tradition of Saint John Bosco central
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00884-00226177-00226485 mariano Montfort andö also in 1950 the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00885-00226486-00226701 central mariano Montfort Ando was moved
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00886-00226702-00226950 from Bergamo to Rome the Centro
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00887-00226951-00227148 promulgates the teachings of st. Louis
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00888-00227150-00227355 de Montfort who was earlier canonized by
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00889-00227356-00227652 Pius the 12th it publishes the monthly
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00890-00227653-00227853 madre e regina which promulgates the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00891-00227854-00228201 marian orientation of Montfort marianum
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00892-00228202-00228466 was created in 1950 and entrusted to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00893-00228467-00228735 order of survives it is authorized to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00894-00228736-00228951 grant all academic degrees including a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00895-00228952-00229353 doctorate in theology since 1976 every
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00896-00229354-00229533 two years the marianum organizes
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00897-00229534-00229734 international conferences to find modern
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00898-00229735-00229932 formulations which approximate the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00899-00229933-00230244 mystery of Mary colleg amento Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00900-00230246-00230517 doughnut Co nollie 1958 was the last
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00901-00230519-00230730 marian initiative of Pope Pius the 12th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00902-00230731-00231021 it coordinates activities of Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00903-00231023-00231241 centers in Italy organizes marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00904-00231242-00231453 pilgrimages and marian study weeks for
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00905-00231454-00231748 priests in addition it started Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00906-00231748-00231919 Youth gatherings and publishes the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00907-00231919-00232134 journal Madonna of these organizations
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00908-00232135-00232326 the marianum is the most active Mara
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00909-00232327-00232476 logical Centre in Rome
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00910-00232477-00232740 this Pontifical Catholic Institute was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00911-00232741-00232941 founded by Father Gabriel Rossini
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00912-00232942-00233115 who then directed it for several years
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00913-00233116-00233292 under the direction of Pope Pius the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00914-00233292-00233655 12th in 1950 at the marianum one can get
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00915-00233656-00233894 a masters degree in Mary ology two-year
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00916-00233896-00234108 academic program and one can also get a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00917-00234109-00234384 doctorate in Mary ology this merio
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00918-00234385-00234621 logical facility has a library with more
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00919-00234621-00234906 than 85,000 volumes on Mary ology and a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00920-00234907-00235089 number of magazines and journals of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00921-00235090-00235337 theological and Mary illogical concern
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00922-00235338-00235542 marianum is also the name of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00923-00235542-00235758 prestigious journal of Marian theology
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00924-00235759-00235992 previously founded by Father Rossini in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00925-00235992-00236427 1939
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00926-00236428-00236879 topic Paul - six
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00927-00236880-00237401 topic Pope Paul the sixth 1963 to 1978
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00928-00237402-00237626 made extensive contributions to Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00929-00237627-00237866 ology theological teaching and devotions
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00930-00237867-00238136 during his pontificate he attempted to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00931-00238137-00238294 present the Marian teachings of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00932-00238296-00238478 church in view of her new ecumenical
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00933-00238479-00238727 orientation in his inaugural and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00934-00238728-00238969 cyclical ecclesiam tuam section below
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00935-00238971-00239171 the Pope called Mary the ideal of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00936-00239171-00239462 Christian perfection he regards devotion
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00937-00239463-00239633 to the mother of god as a paramount
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00938-00239634-00239798 importance in living the life of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00939-00239798-00240167 gospel in 1965 he writes that the Queen
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00940-00240167-00240346 of Heaven is entrusted by God as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00941-00240348-00240557 administrator of his compassion in his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00942-00240558-00240830 1965 and cyclical men's mail he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00943-00240831-00241028 described Mary as the way to Christ
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00944-00241029-00241223 the person who encounters Mary cannot
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00945-00241223-00241430 help but encounter Christ likewise in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00946-00241431-00241754 his 1966 and cyclical Christie Matri he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00947-00241755-00241925 recommends the Rosary in light of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00948-00241926-00242132 Vietnam War and the dangers of atomic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00949-00242133-00242405 conflicts he recommended prayers to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00950-00242406-00242626 Queen of Peace and mother of the church
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00951-00242627-00242867 nothing seems more appropriate and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00952-00242867-00243044 valuable than to have the prayers of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00953-00243044-00243215 whole Christian family rise to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00954-00243216-00243394 mother of god who has invoked as the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00955-00243396-00243581 queen of peace begging her to pour forth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00956-00243582-00243769 abundant gifts of her maternal goodness
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00957-00243771-00243962 in midst of so many great trials and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00958-00243963-00244232 hardships we want constant and devout
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00959-00244233-00244403 prayers to be offered to her whom we
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00960-00244404-00244562 declared mother of the church it's
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00961-00244563-00244787 spiritual parent during the celebration
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00962-00244788-00244988 of the Second Vatican Council Paul the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00963-00244989-00245132 sixth taught that the Rosary is a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00964-00245133-00245411 summary of gospel teachings his new
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00965-00245412-00245609 missile includes all new Marian prayers
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00966-00245610-00245963 and in his 1974 exhortation Mary Alice
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00967-00245964-00246148 cultists he again promotes Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00968-00246150-00246359 devotions highlighting the Angelus and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00969-00246360-00246619 rosary prayers Mary deserves the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00970-00246621-00246785 devotions because she is the mother of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00971-00246786-00246986 graces and because of her unique role in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00972-00246987-00247214 Redemption on the 50th anniversary of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00973-00247215-00247427 the apparition in Fatima Paul the sixth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00974-00247428-00247598 made a pilgrimage there the first ever
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00975-00247598-00247862 by a pope there he linked the veneration
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00976-00247863-00248078 of Mary to her role in the salvation of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00977-00248079-00248282 the human race Pope Paul the sixth was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00978-00248283-00248477 an engaged and engaging devotee of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00979-00248478-00248702 Virgin Murud Mary ology of Pope Paul the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00980-00248703-00248936 sixth made extensive contributions to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00981-00248937-00249121 Mary illogical teaching and devotions
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00982-00249123-00249546 during his pontificate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00983-00249546-00249794 soppec ecumenical orientation of Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00984-00249796-00250140 ology
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00985-00250141-00250494 topic he attempted to present the Marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00986-00250494-00250659 teachings of the church in view of her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00987-00250660-00250923 new ecumenical orientation in his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00988-00250923-00251148 inaugural and cyclical ecclesiam tuam
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00989-00251148-00251379 section below the Pope called Mary the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00990-00251380-00251669 ideal of Christian perfection he regards
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00991-00251671-00251841 devotion to the mother of god as a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00992-00251842-00252036 paramount importance in living the life
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00993-00252037-00252387 of the gospel
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00994-00252388-00252882 topic mence mayo
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00995-00252883-00253251 topic the encyclical manse Mayo from the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00996-00253252-00253596 29th of April 1965 focused on the Virgin
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00997-00253596-00253791 Mary to whom traditionally the month of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00998-00253792-00253982 May as dedicated as the mother of God
+VD8hnqaLvOE-00999-00253983-00254235 Paul the sixth writes that Mary is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01000-00254236-00254412 rightly to be regarded as the way by
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01001-00254413-00254661 which people are led to Christ therefore
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01002-00254662-00254898 the person who encounters Mary cannot
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01003-00254898-00255207 help but encounter Christ in 1965 he
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01004-00255208-00255357 writes that the Queen of Heaven is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01005-00255358-00255594 entrusted by God as administrator of his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01006-00255594-00255879 compassion in his 1965 and cyclical
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01007-00255880-00255960 men's Mayo
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01008-00255961-00256167 he described Mary as the way to Christ
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01009-00256167-00256356 the person who encounters Mary cannot
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01010-00256357-00256798 help but encounter Christ likewise
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01011-00256800-00257294 topic kristymatt jury
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01012-00257294-00257753 topic in his 1966 and cyclical Christie
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01013-00257754-00257966 Matri he recommends the Rosary in light
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01014-00257967-00258155 of the Vietnam War and the dangers of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01015-00258156-00258448 atomic conflicts the Queen of Peace and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01016-00258450-00258646 mother of the church should be invoked
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01017-00258646-00258892 nothing seems more appropriate and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01018-00258894-00259067 valuable than to have the prayers of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01019-00259067-00259244 whole Christian family rise to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01020-00259244-00259421 mother of god who has invoked as the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01021-00259421-00259613 queen of peace begging her to pour forth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01022-00259614-00259798 abundant gifts of her maternal goodness
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01023-00259800-00259988 in midst of so many great trials and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01024-00259989-00260261 hardships we want constant and devout
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01025-00260262-00260432 prayers to be offered to her whom we
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01026-00260433-00260591 declared mother of the church it's
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01027-00260592-00260813 spiritual parent during the celebration
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01028-00260814-00261244 of the Second Vatican Council
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01029-00261244-00261407 topic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01030-00261408-00261767 of the rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01031-00261769-00262121 topic the rosary is a summary of gospel
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01032-00262123-00262358 teaching his new missile includes all
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01033-00262359-00262658 new marian prayers and in his 1974
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01034-00262659-00262907 exhortation mary alice Cultus he again
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01035-00262908-00263115 promotes marian devotions highlighting
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01036-00263116-00263397 the Angelus and rosary prayers mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01037-00263398-00263582 deserves the devotions because she is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01038-00263583-00263766 the mother of graces and because of her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01039-00263767-00264141 unique role in redemption
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01040-00264142-00264660 Topic pilgrimage to Fatima
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01041-00264661-00265002 topic on the 50th anniversary of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01042-00265003-00265230 apparition in Fatima Paul the sixth made
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01043-00265231-00265413 a pilgrimage there the first ever by a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01044-00265414-00265599 Pope there he linked the veneration of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01045-00265600-00265803 Mary to her role in the salvation of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01046-00265804-00266001 human race Pope Paul the sixth was
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01047-00266002-00266208 engaged in engaging devotee of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01048-00266209-00266583 Virgin Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01049-00266584-00267126 topic John Paul the second
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01050-00267127-00267468 topic the ancient title Mary Mother of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01051-00267469-00267663 the church was proclaimed then by Pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01052-00267664-00267816 Paul the sixth at the Second Vatican
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01053-00267817-00268188 Council in 1987 Pope John Paul the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01054-00268189-00268395 second repeated this title mother of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01055-00268396-00268584 church in his encyclical redemptor as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01056-00268585-00268760 modder and at a general audience on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01057-00268761-00269169 September 17 1997 the encyclical is a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01058-00269170-00269385 long and eloquent summary of modern Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01059-00269386-00269706 ology making some novel points according
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01060-00269707-00269885 to John Paul the mother of the Redeemer
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01061-00269886-00270078 has a precise place in the plan of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01062-00270079-00270375 salvation the church teaches that Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01063-00270376-00270573 appeared on the horizon of salvation
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01064-00270574-00270705 history before Christ
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01065-00270706-00270891 if the greeting and the name full of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01066-00270892-00271185 grace say all this in the context of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01067-00271186-00271374 angels announcement they refer first of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01068-00271375-00271563 all to the election of Mary as mother of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01069-00271564-00271851 the Son of God but at the same time the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01070-00271852-00272139 fullness of grace indicates all the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01071-00272140-00272349 supernatural munificence from which Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01072-00272350-00272562 benefits by being chosen and destined to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01073-00272563-00272817 be the mother of Christ if this election
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01074-00272818-00273018 is fundamental for the accomplishment of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01075-00273019-00273335 God as salvific designs for Humanity and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01076-00273336-00273558 if the eternal choice in Christ and the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01077-00273559-00273771 vocation to the dignity of adopted
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01078-00273772-00274008 children as the destiny of everyone then
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01079-00274009-00274170 the election of Mary is wholly
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01080-00274171-00274481 exceptional and unique hence also the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01081-00274482-00274722 singularity and uniqueness of her place
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01082-00274723-00274992 in the mystery of Christ the 2002
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01083-00274993-00275292 apostolic letter rosarium Virginis mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01084-00275293-00275568 i of pope john paul ii on the rosary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01085-00275569-00275844 further communicated his marian focus as
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01086-00275845-00276057 he explained how his personal motto
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01087-00276058-00276354 totus Tuus was inspired by st. Louis de
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01088-00276355-00276678 Montfort s doctrine on the excellence of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01089-00276679-00276864 Marian devotion and total consecration
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01090-00276865-00277149 the Pope truly venerated the Virgin Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01091-00277150-00277506 as expressed in this motto totus Tuus in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01092-00277507-00277713 recent years to emphasize the role of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01093-00277714-00277923 Mary in the Roman Catholic Church in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01094-00277924-00278190 rosarium Virginis Mary I Pope John Paul
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01095-00278191-00278418 the second quoted st. Louis de Montfort
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01096-00278419-00278655 and said our entire perfection consists
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01097-00278656-00278817 in being conformed United and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01098-00278818-00278991 consecrated to Jesus Christ
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01099-00278992-00279255 hence the most perfect of all devotions
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01100-00279256-00279444 as undoubtedly that which conforms
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01101-00279445-00279684 unites and consecrates us most perfectly
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01102-00279685-00279795 to Jesus Christ
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01103-00279796-00280080 now since Mary is of all creatures the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01104-00280081-00280293 one most conformed to Jesus Christ it
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01105-00280294-00280512 follows that among all devotions that we
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01106-00280513-00280743 most consecrates and conforms a soul to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01107-00280744-00280947 our Lord as devotion to Mary his holy
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01108-00280948-00281118 mother and that the more a soul is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01109-00281119-00281298 consecrated to her the more will it be
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01110-00281299-00281504 consecrated to Jesus Christ as the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01111-00281505-00281735 pontiff observed st. Louis de Montfort's
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01112-00281736-00281943 approach to Mary ology as presented in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01113-00281944-00282165 God alone presents the logic of how an
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01114-00282166-00282363 initially Christ centric view leads to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01115-00282364-00282549 total consecration to the Blessed Virgin
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01116-00282550-00282755 Mary the direction of the Catholic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01117-00282756-00282932 Church during the last part of the 20th
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01118-00282933-00283157 century was dominated by the views of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01119-00283158-00283320 Pope John Paul the second whose
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01120-00283321-00283521 perspective had a very strong marian
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01121-00283522-00283850 emphasis he advocated total consecration
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01122-00283851-00284081 to Mary more than any of his
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01123-00284082-00284282 predecessors and he deliberately
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01124-00284283-00284487 reflected his Marian views within the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01125-00284488-00284681 design of his coat of arms by using a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01126-00284682-00284909 Marian cross according to the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01127-00284910-00285026 l'osservatore romano
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01128-00285027-00285227 the use of the Marian cross on his coat
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01129-00285228-00285428 of arms was a departure from traditional
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01130-00285429-00285605 heraldry models and was intended to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01131-00285606-00285779 emphasize the presence of the Virgin
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01132-00285780-00285983 Mary under the cross in Calvary and her
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01133-00285984-00286205 special participation in the process of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01134-00286206-00286515 redemption pope john paul ii issued a
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01135-00286516-00286724 number of marian encyclicals that shaped
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01136-00286725-00286904 the catholic views on mary during the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01137-00286905-00287362 20th century
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01138-00287363-00287823 pick Benedict the sixteenth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01139-00287824-00288158 topic pope benedict xvi
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01140-00288159-00288339 continued the program of pope john paul
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01141-00288340-00288576 ii for a redirection of the whole church
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01142-00288577-00288750 to ensure an authentic approach to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01143-00288751-00288972 Christology via return to the whole
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01144-00288973-00289254 truth about Mary as Cardinal Ratzinger
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01145-00289255-00289596 he wrote it is necessary to go back to
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01146-00289597-00289812 Mary if we want to return to that truth
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01147-00289813-00290115 about Jesus Christ truth about the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01148-00290116-00290547 church and truth about man
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01149-00290548-00290703 you
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01150-00290704-00291223 topic Pope Francis
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01151-00291224-00291613 topic in a homily Francis compared Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01152-00291614-00291757 at the foot of the cross with the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01153-00291758-00291919 mothers of prisoners he had met in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01154-00291920-00292388 Buenos Aires
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01155-00292389-00293023 topic marry illogical papal documents
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01156-00293024-00293507 topic papal bulls Dominici Greg is an
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01157-00293508-00293821 ephah Billis Deus the first exercise of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01158-00293822-00294052 papal infallibility prior to vadik and I
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01159-00294053-00294220 it established the dogma of the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01160-00294221-00294594 Immaculate Conception this cycle re
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01161-00294595-00294847 munificent isa miss deus the first and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01162-00294848-00295066 to date only ex cathedra exercise of
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+VD8hnqaLvOE-01164-00295304-00295498 established the Assumption of Mary by
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01165-00295499-00295872 Pope Pius as I encyclicals ad diem Ilham
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01166-00295873-00296259 die para Virginis Mary I 1948 Pius the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01167-00296260-00296433 12th on the assumption of the Blessed
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01168-00296434-00296832 Virgin in Gruen TM malorum full jhin's
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01169-00296833-00297124 corona 1953 by Pius the 12th on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01170-00297125-00297325 centenary of the dogma of Immaculate
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01171-00297326-00297763 Conception ad Kaley Regina 1954 by Pius
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01172-00297764-00297993 the 12th on queenship of Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01173-00297994-00298426 redemptoris mater auspicious item 1948
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01174-00298427-00298645 Pius the 12th on marian prayers for
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01175-00298646-00299013 peace apostolic letters gloriosa Domini
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01176-00299014-00299431 Mary Ellis Cultus rosarium Virginis Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01177-00299432-00299744 I
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01178-00299745-00300314 topic C also
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01179-00300315-00300754 topic roman catholic mariology
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01180-00300755-00301036 Pontifical Marian International Academy
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01181-00301037-00301457 history of roman catholic mariology mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01182-00301458-00301772 ology of the saints protestant views of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01183-00301773-00302101 mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01184-00302102-00302667 topic references
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01185-00302668-00303058 topic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01186-00303059-00303566 topic sources
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01187-00303567-00303926 topic michael Schmauss mary ology
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01188-00303927-00304348 catholic dogmatic Munchen vol 5 1955
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01189-00304349-00304900 Alger misen Konrad Bohr Ludwig EDS 1957
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01190-00304901-00305216 lexicon der Marion kunde F pust it
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01191-00305217-00305545 retrieved the 23rd of June 2016
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01192-00305546-00305969 Baumer rim Egeus 1989 chef chick leo
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01193-00305970-00306293 ed marian lexicon marian lexicon in
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01194-00306294-00306694 German EOS ver lag ISBN nine trillion
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01195-00306695-00306953 783 billion eight hundred eighty million
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01196-00306954-00307163 nine hundred sixty-eight thousand nine
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01197-00307164-00307448 hundred twelve retrieved the 23rd of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01198-00307449-00308015 june 2016 Graber rudolf 1954 die marion
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01199-00308016-00308240 ition Walt Ron tribe endure papst in den
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01200-00308241-00308423 let's ten hundred yahren Marion and
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+VD8hnqaLvOE-01203-00308958-00309319 ver lag mary ology society of america
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01204-00309320-00309635 HTTP colon slash slash mary illogical
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01205-00309636-00310022 society of america us the marion library
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01206-00310023-00310334 at university of dayton HTTP colon slash
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01207-00310335-00310640 slash you date an edu slash emery slash
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01208-00310641-00311039 Mary slash index dot PHP Pope Pius the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01209-00311040-00311311 ninth at the stall at Constitution
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01210-00311312-00311617 Apostolic Constitution and nebulous days
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01211-00311618-00311924 Pope Pius the 12th and cyclicals and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01212-00311925-00312004 Bulls
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01213-00312005-00312308 Michael Schmauss Mary ology Catholic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01214-00312309-00312800 dogmatic münchen vol 5 1955 stefano de
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01215-00312801-00313114 fioors marianum maria cinta CD valori
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01216-00313115-00313460 storia cultural dmeir eulogia sinha solo
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01217-00313461-00313910 Balsamo 2005 stefano de fioors marianum
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01218-00313911-00314290 maria new ovc Madision area 2 vols
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01219-00314291-00314741 bologna 2006 mary ology society of
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01220-00314742-00315041 america HTTP colon slash slash mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01221-00315042-00315401 illogical society of america us ACTA
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01222-00315402-00315674 apostolic ASA DS referenced as AAS by
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01223-00315675-00316004 year Pope Pius the ninth Apostolic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01224-00316005-00316349 Constitution Apostolic Constitution and
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01225-00316350-00316530 ephah Billis Deus
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01226-00316531-00316731 and cyclical full jhin's corona on the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01227-00316732-00317065 Vatican website encyclical ad Kaylee
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01228-00317066-00317282 Regina Mon the Vatican website
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01229-00317283-00317583 encyclical miss TG corporis Christie on
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01230-00317584-00317863 the Vatican website apostolic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01231-00317864-00318069 constitution munificent issa miss deus
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01232-00318070-00318388 on the Vatican website Pope John Paul
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01233-00318389-00318643 the second encyclical apostolic letters
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01234-00318644-00318945 and addresses encyclical redemptor is
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01235-00318946-00319281 modern the Vatican website apostolic
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01236-00319282-00319521 letter rosarium Virginis Mary ion the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01237-00319522-00319792 Vatican website Pope John Paul the
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01238-00319793-00320109 second on st. Louis de Montfort Pope
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01239-00320110-00320328 John Paul the second address to the Mary
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01240-00320329-00320556 ology forum Baker
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01241-00320557-00320934 Kenneth fundamentals of Catholicism 1983
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01242-00320935-00321524 ISBN o89 8700 1 9 1 Montfort Lewis de
+VD8hnqaLvOE-01243-00321525-00322038 true devotion to Mary ISBN 1 5 9 3 304
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