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+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00000-00000003-00000521 my agenda is two points that puts
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00001-00000522-00000875 atheism in a lot of problems number one
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00002-00000876-00001022 how many times have you heard
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00003-00001023-00001247 oh we know the laws and theories that
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00004-00001248-00001520 has both the universe in existence
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00005-00001521-00001957 hashtag Big Bang therefore God does not
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00006-00001959-00002321 exist as incorrect because laws don't
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00007-00002322-00002480 cause things themselves
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00008-00002481-00002893 for example Newton's law can explain the
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00009-00002894-00003089 movement of the football but it's the
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00010-00003090-00003344 actual football player that causes the
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00011-00003345-00003533 ball to move in the first place
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00012-00003534-00003710 and number two how many times have you
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00013-00003711-00003983 heard oh we know the mechanism that has
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00014-00003984-00004186 brought about life on this planet
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00015-00004187-00004627 hashtag evolution therefore God again
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00016-00004628-00004835 this is incorrect because knowing the
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00017-00004836-00005216 mechanism does not refute a designer for
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00018-00005217-00005477 example if you know how a Ford car works
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00019-00005478-00005731 that doesn't mean that the creator of
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00020-00005732-00005972 the Ford car mister follow does not
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00021-00005973-00006104 exist goodbye
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00022-00006105-00006605 we have science do we need God now
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00023-00006606-00006992 granted science has been very useful to
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00024-00006993-00007273 us over the years it's led to the cure
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00025-00007275-00007541 of many diseases it's removed many
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00026-00007542-00007888 superstitions like bule's cools eclipses
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00027-00007889-00008185 now that's all well and good but some
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00028-00008186-00008389 people take it a tad too far and say
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00029-00008390-00008642 because we understand the mechanisms
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00030-00008643-00008969 without involving God therefore there's
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00031-00008970-00009235 no God now there is some dodgy logic
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00032-00009236-00009514 that's like someone believing mister
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00033-00009515-00009794 food makes his common hello later he
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00034-00009795-00010003 realizes he was a plonker and it's
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00035-00010004-00010156 actually the engine good Bob that
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00036-00010157-00010342 doesn't mean that the designer of the
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00037-00010343-00010844 car mr. Ford doesn't exist remember if
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00038-00010845-00011177 there's no mr. food to design the car
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00039-00011178-00011423 there's no call for us to understand if
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00040-00011424-00011728 there's no good to design the universe
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00041-00011729-00011995 there's no universe for us to understand
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00042-00011996-00012495 does evolution contradict God
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00043-00012496-00012858 first of all why are these two being put
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00044-00012859-00013088 into the same category it's like me
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00045-00013089-00013506 asking who's better Ronaldo or LeBron
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00046-00013507-00013925 James Ronaldo is a football player
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00047-00013926-00014280 LeBron James basketball player is two
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00048-00014281-00014747 different categories might so similarly
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00049-00014747-00015053 evolution is a biological mechanism and
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00050-00015054-00015453 God is a creator and designer of
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00051-00015454-00015900 mechanisms so if evolution was true
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00052-00015901-00016146 there'd be no contradiction one's a
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00053-00016147-00016467 mechanism and one designs and creates
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00054-00016468-00016956 mechanisms hey you can fail to be amazed
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00055-00016957-00017358 at the homing instinct of a pigeon that
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00056-00017359-00017604 migrated reasoning of the B wing Swan
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00057-00017605-00018006 the echolocator system of the bat the
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00058-00018007-00018306 blood pressure control system in the
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00059-00018307-00018644 brain of a giraffe the muscles in the
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00060-00018645-00019109 neck of a woodpecker ten name but a few
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00061-00019110-00019640 our living world is replete of such
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00062-00019641-00019985 mechanisms of mind-bending complexity
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00063-00019986-00020306 which point towards only one creator
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00064-00020307-00021251 Allah how can we still deny
+nb5Qd3t8RKU-00065-00021252-00021917 oh yeah you see what it is
+nbwQTNzragA-00000-00000384-00000582 hello everyone and welcome back to
+nbwQTNzragA-00001-00000583-00000831 conversations with tyler i'm very happy
+nbwQTNzragA-00002-00000832-00001054 to be here today with patricia farah
+nbwQTNzragA-00003-00001055-00001278 i've read and enjoyed all of her books
+nbwQTNzragA-00004-00001279-00001503 she is a historian of science at
+nbwQTNzragA-00005-00001504-00001655 cambridge university
+nbwQTNzragA-00006-00001655-00001926 her next forthcoming book is called life
+nbwQTNzragA-00007-00001927-00002047 after gravity
+nbwQTNzragA-00008-00002048-00002310 isaac newton's london career she's also
+nbwQTNzragA-00009-00002311-00002534 well known for her writings on women in
+nbwQTNzragA-00010-00002535-00002599 science
+nbwQTNzragA-00011-00002600-00002879 and she appears often on bbc typically
+nbwQTNzragA-00012-00002880-00003055 on topics related to
+nbwQTNzragA-00013-00003056-00003359 science patricia welcome well thank you
+nbwQTNzragA-00014-00003360-00003503 very much for inviting me i'm very glad
+nbwQTNzragA-00015-00003504-00003703 to be on the show
+nbwQTNzragA-00016-00003704-00003951 let's start with isaac newton how was it
+nbwQTNzragA-00017-00003952-00004231 that he died rich
+nbwQTNzragA-00018-00004232-00004422 he earned his money from several
+nbwQTNzragA-00019-00004423-00004583 different ways when he went down to
+nbwQTNzragA-00020-00004584-00004654 london
+nbwQTNzragA-00021-00004655-00004847 he earned far more than he ever did as a
+nbwQTNzragA-00022-00004848-00005063 cambridge professor because he was
+nbwQTNzragA-00023-00005064-00005351 running the london mint so he got a fat
+nbwQTNzragA-00024-00005352-00005495 salary for that
+nbwQTNzragA-00025-00005496-00005822 he also got a premium a reward for every
+nbwQTNzragA-00026-00005823-00005975 single gold coin
+nbwQTNzragA-00027-00005976-00006286 that was minted he invested in global
+nbwQTNzragA-00028-00006287-00006486 trading companies like the east india
+nbwQTNzragA-00029-00006487-00006631 company for example
+nbwQTNzragA-00030-00006631-00006855 that was sending guns and textiles out
+nbwQTNzragA-00031-00006856-00006975 to africa and then
+nbwQTNzragA-00032-00006976-00007223 shipping enslaved peoples over to the
+nbwQTNzragA-00033-00007223-00007398 americas
+nbwQTNzragA-00034-00007400-00007742 and um he also invested
+nbwQTNzragA-00035-00007743-00007959 in other stock market companies so there
+nbwQTNzragA-00036-00007959-00008110 was this famous occasion it's the
+nbwQTNzragA-00037-00008111-00008239 anniversary this year
+nbwQTNzragA-00038-00008240-00008463 of what's called the south sea bubble
+nbwQTNzragA-00039-00008464-00008567 when he invested
+nbwQTNzragA-00040-00008568-00008823 a small fortune in a new company the
+nbwQTNzragA-00041-00008824-00008974 south sea company
+nbwQTNzragA-00042-00008975-00009239 and he watched the levels rise and he
+nbwQTNzragA-00043-00009240-00009374 stayed in there
+nbwQTNzragA-00044-00009375-00009574 and he sold when the stocks had gone up
+nbwQTNzragA-00045-00009575-00009751 so he made a small fortune but
+nbwQTNzragA-00046-00009752-00010071 then he made the classic beginners error
+nbwQTNzragA-00047-00010072-00010367 he invested in again at a higher price
+nbwQTNzragA-00048-00010368-00010542 and he watched the value
+nbwQTNzragA-00049-00010543-00010799 crash so he did lose several million in
+nbwQTNzragA-00050-00010800-00010871 today's
+nbwQTNzragA-00051-00010872-00011167 currency um on that particular venture
+nbwQTNzragA-00052-00011168-00011342 but in general when he died
+nbwQTNzragA-00053-00011343-00011567 he was an extremely rich man and you can
+nbwQTNzragA-00054-00011568-00011735 tell that the inventory
+nbwQTNzragA-00055-00011736-00012023 of his possessions runs to a vellum
+nbwQTNzragA-00056-00012024-00012127 scroll that's
+nbwQTNzragA-00057-00012128-00012470 17 feet long and what was it that he
+nbwQTNzragA-00058-00012471-00012655 collected so obsessively to have all
+nbwQTNzragA-00059-00012656-00012815 these possessions
+nbwQTNzragA-00060-00012816-00013007 uh well a lot a lot of it was equipment
+nbwQTNzragA-00061-00013008-00013151 for catering i mean he's got this
+nbwQTNzragA-00062-00013152-00013383 reputation for being very anti-social
+nbwQTNzragA-00063-00013384-00013583 but he had hundreds of plates and sets
+nbwQTNzragA-00064-00013584-00013766 of cutlery and things like that
+nbwQTNzragA-00065-00013768-00013991 he also had that ultimate georgian
+nbwQTNzragA-00066-00013991-00014103 luxury he owned
+nbwQTNzragA-00067-00014104-00014407 two silver chamber pots he
+nbwQTNzragA-00068-00014408-00014679 spent money on having a good number of
+nbwQTNzragA-00069-00014680-00014943 portraits of himself painted that he
+nbwQTNzragA-00070-00014944-00015279 would send out to other uh people as
+nbwQTNzragA-00071-00015280-00015575 sort of bribes or as rewards for their
+nbwQTNzragA-00072-00015576-00015750 allegiance to him
+nbwQTNzragA-00073-00015751-00016007 he had furniture he had decorations he
+nbwQTNzragA-00074-00016008-00016183 had a carriage
+nbwQTNzragA-00075-00016184-00016479 he had a sedan chair tucked in in the
+nbwQTNzragA-00076-00016480-00016567 stables
+nbwQTNzragA-00077-00016568-00016919 he had he had lots of servants
+nbwQTNzragA-00078-00016920-00017119 now as you know newton spends what over
+nbwQTNzragA-00079-00017120-00017222 30 years
+nbwQTNzragA-00080-00017223-00017471 working at the mint what's your model of
+nbwQTNzragA-00081-00017472-00017639 why he did this how much was it for
+nbwQTNzragA-00082-00017640-00017703 income
+nbwQTNzragA-00083-00017704-00017879 did he think he was done with major
+nbwQTNzragA-00084-00017880-00018103 contributions say to physics and optics
+nbwQTNzragA-00085-00018104-00018135 what
+nbwQTNzragA-00086-00018136-00018294 how do you think about that decision in
+nbwQTNzragA-00087-00018295-00018503 his life i think he was
+nbwQTNzragA-00088-00018504-00018743 very frustrated uh with being at
+nbwQTNzragA-00089-00018744-00018814 cambridge
+nbwQTNzragA-00090-00018815-00019007 uh he applied for several positions
+nbwQTNzragA-00091-00019008-00019167 there which he didn't get
+nbwQTNzragA-00092-00019168-00019430 he was in theological terms he was
+nbwQTNzragA-00093-00019431-00019471 rather
+nbwQTNzragA-00094-00019472-00019719 odds with everybody else at cambridge
+nbwQTNzragA-00095-00019720-00019799 because he
+nbwQTNzragA-00096-00019800-00020158 was a very very uh devout believer in
+nbwQTNzragA-00097-00020159-00020214 god
+nbwQTNzragA-00098-00020215-00020422 but he didn't adhere to the traditional
+nbwQTNzragA-00099-00020423-00020567 to the orthodox
+nbwQTNzragA-00100-00020568-00020791 anglican theological belief in the
+nbwQTNzragA-00101-00020792-00021014 trinity so that was difficult for him so
+nbwQTNzragA-00102-00021015-00021199 he'd been trying to leave cambridge for
+nbwQTNzragA-00103-00021200-00021319 some time
+nbwQTNzragA-00104-00021320-00021543 and he had a very close friend charles
+nbwQTNzragA-00105-00021544-00021791 montague the earl of halifax who was
+nbwQTNzragA-00106-00021792-00021943 chancellor of the exchequer very
+nbwQTNzragA-00107-00021944-00022103 influential man and
+nbwQTNzragA-00108-00022104-00022383 he managed to find newton his very
+nbwQTNzragA-00109-00022384-00022550 prestigious job at the mint
+nbwQTNzragA-00110-00022551-00022799 that paid a good salary and the minute
+nbwQTNzragA-00111-00022800-00022855 newton
+nbwQTNzragA-00112-00022856-00023063 heard about it he downed tools at
+nbwQTNzragA-00113-00023064-00023247 cambridge rushed down to london
+nbwQTNzragA-00114-00023248-00023463 and he'd moved and started a new life
+nbwQTNzragA-00115-00023464-00023630 within a few months
+nbwQTNzragA-00116-00023631-00023839 now why was the mint located next to the
+nbwQTNzragA-00117-00023840-00024071 weapons ordinance in london
+nbwQTNzragA-00118-00024072-00024335 the mint was traditionally located right
+nbwQTNzragA-00119-00024336-00024550 inside the tower of london and if you go
+nbwQTNzragA-00120-00024551-00024758 to london now as a tourist
+nbwQTNzragA-00121-00024759-00024967 in normal times when you go you can be
+nbwQTNzragA-00122-00024968-00025119 shown around the mint
+nbwQTNzragA-00123-00025120-00025455 and it's squashed into the inner and
+nbwQTNzragA-00124-00025456-00025670 outer walls of the fortifications of the
+nbwQTNzragA-00125-00025672-00025750 tower
+nbwQTNzragA-00126-00025751-00025999 right on the edge of the river so it's
+nbwQTNzragA-00127-00026000-00026174 in an ideal location
+nbwQTNzragA-00128-00026175-00026487 for all the gold coming in from africa
+nbwQTNzragA-00129-00026488-00026727 and it was close to westminster and
+nbwQTNzragA-00130-00026727-00026799 royalties
+nbwQTNzragA-00131-00026800-00026967 and parliament so that was also a
+nbwQTNzragA-00132-00026968-00027158 convenient location
+nbwQTNzragA-00133-00027160-00027502 newton didn't like being physically in
+nbwQTNzragA-00134-00027504-00027711 the mint he was given a house
+nbwQTNzragA-00135-00027712-00027918 that had walls all around the garden so
+nbwQTNzragA-00136-00027919-00028079 you couldn't see anything but the worst
+nbwQTNzragA-00137-00028080-00028295 thing was that it was very noisy
+nbwQTNzragA-00138-00028295-00028574 at that time there was a zoo in the
+nbwQTNzragA-00139-00028575-00028639 tower
+nbwQTNzragA-00140-00028639-00028831 and so he was kept awake all night by
+nbwQTNzragA-00141-00028832-00029055 the roaring of the lions and the other
+nbwQTNzragA-00142-00029056-00029190 animals in the zoo
+nbwQTNzragA-00143-00029191-00029383 there was also the clanking of all the
+nbwQTNzragA-00144-00029383-00029511 mint machinery
+nbwQTNzragA-00145-00029512-00029790 and there were also because it was a tar
+nbwQTNzragA-00146-00029791-00029999 it was a military fortification
+nbwQTNzragA-00147-00030000-00030190 uh there were many soldiers there and
+nbwQTNzragA-00148-00030191-00030390 they were riding around on horses and
+nbwQTNzragA-00149-00030391-00030551 doing all their drill and all the stuff
+nbwQTNzragA-00150-00030552-00030718 that soldiers do so
+nbwQTNzragA-00151-00030719-00030870 after a few months he left the tower
+nbwQTNzragA-00152-00030872-00031046 because he really didn't like living
+nbwQTNzragA-00153-00031047-00031231 there and he he worked there one day a
+nbwQTNzragA-00154-00031232-00031495 week but he did most of his work at home
+nbwQTNzragA-00155-00031495-00031655 and what do you think about newton's
+nbwQTNzragA-00156-00031656-00031902 basic idea on silvery coinage bring in
+nbwQTNzragA-00157-00031903-00032031 all the silver coins
+nbwQTNzragA-00158-00032032-00032311 melt them down reissue at a lower value
+nbwQTNzragA-00159-00032312-00032399 was he right about
+nbwQTNzragA-00160-00032400-00032687 that or not or do you side with john he
+nbwQTNzragA-00161-00032688-00032911 actually didn't want to do that
+nbwQTNzragA-00162-00032912-00033151 um so there was big consultation while
+nbwQTNzragA-00163-00033152-00033302 he was still in cambridge and that
+nbwQTNzragA-00164-00033303-00033574 the the trouble was that coins in those
+nbwQTNzragA-00165-00033575-00033646 days
+nbwQTNzragA-00166-00033647-00033846 were made of valuable metal so if you've
+nbwQTNzragA-00167-00033847-00033999 got a silver coin
+nbwQTNzragA-00168-00034000-00034262 that was worth a pound the silver in it
+nbwQTNzragA-00169-00034263-00034359 was itself
+nbwQTNzragA-00170-00034360-00034559 worth a pound in money it's not like
+nbwQTNzragA-00171-00034560-00034702 dollars or cents
+nbwQTNzragA-00172-00034703-00034911 at now where it's a bit of paper which a
+nbwQTNzragA-00173-00034912-00035095 bit of paper dollar bill is
+nbwQTNzragA-00174-00035096-00035374 in itself absolutely worthless and what
+nbwQTNzragA-00175-00035375-00035479 criminals did
+nbwQTNzragA-00176-00035480-00035774 was a file bits off the edge of these
+nbwQTNzragA-00177-00035775-00035951 silver coins so they had lots of little
+nbwQTNzragA-00178-00035952-00036135 silver shavings which they could melt
+nbwQTNzragA-00179-00036136-00036207 down
+nbwQTNzragA-00180-00036208-00036390 and turn into silver and get rich that
+nbwQTNzragA-00181-00036391-00036567 way but that meant the currency the
+nbwQTNzragA-00182-00036568-00036646 coins
+nbwQTNzragA-00183-00036647-00036871 were getting lower and lower and lower
+nbwQTNzragA-00184-00036872-00036983 in value
+nbwQTNzragA-00185-00036984-00037207 and newton's first job when he got to
+nbwQTNzragA-00186-00037208-00037318 the mint was
+nbwQTNzragA-00187-00037319-00037630 call in all the currency
+nbwQTNzragA-00188-00037631-00037823 every single coin was meant to go to the
+nbwQTNzragA-00189-00037824-00038039 mint then he melted it all down
+nbwQTNzragA-00190-00038040-00038246 and he started again with new coins that
+nbwQTNzragA-00191-00038247-00038415 had milled edges
+nbwQTNzragA-00192-00038416-00038646 like uh modern coins do so they're much
+nbwQTNzragA-00193-00038647-00038927 much more difficult to scrape or
+nbwQTNzragA-00194-00038928-00039271 or to forge and then he reissued those
+nbwQTNzragA-00195-00039272-00039527 but quite a lot of things went wrong and
+nbwQTNzragA-00196-00039528-00039623 like all those
+nbwQTNzragA-00197-00039624-00039927 stories it was a tale of the rich got
+nbwQTNzragA-00198-00039928-00039990 richer
+nbwQTNzragA-00199-00039991-00040271 and the poor got poorer but why think
+nbwQTNzragA-00200-00040272-00040430 that melting down the coins and
+nbwQTNzragA-00201-00040431-00040623 reissuing them will solve the problem
+nbwQTNzragA-00202-00040624-00040862 don't you just reenact the same scenario
+nbwQTNzragA-00203-00040863-00041007 each time all over again
+nbwQTNzragA-00204-00041008-00041230 no you don't because he he changed the
+nbwQTNzragA-00205-00041231-00041383 way that coins were made
+nbwQTNzragA-00206-00041384-00041662 he modernized it he kept the dies the
+nbwQTNzragA-00207-00041663-00041862 the moulds for making the coins
+nbwQTNzragA-00208-00041863-00042015 were highly secret and that made the
+nbwQTNzragA-00209-00042016-00042199 coins much more difficult to forge
+nbwQTNzragA-00210-00042200-00042390 but also the fact that all the coins had
+nbwQTNzragA-00211-00042391-00042662 this milled edge those little ridges
+nbwQTNzragA-00212-00042663-00042862 around the rim of the coin meant that
+nbwQTNzragA-00213-00042863-00043062 you couldn't shave a bit off because it
+nbwQTNzragA-00214-00043063-00043255 would be noticeable so nobody
+nbwQTNzragA-00215-00043256-00043462 in a shop nobody would accept that coin
+nbwQTNzragA-00216-00043463-00043630 because they'd immediately see
+nbwQTNzragA-00217-00043631-00043943 that it wasn't worth its full value now
+nbwQTNzragA-00218-00043944-00044127 newton as you know was very interested
+nbwQTNzragA-00219-00044128-00044230 in alchemy
+nbwQTNzragA-00220-00044231-00044471 was just was this just craziness on his
+nbwQTNzragA-00221-00044472-00044662 part or is there a way to read him
+nbwQTNzragA-00222-00044663-00044887 that this is early nanotechnology and he
+nbwQTNzragA-00223-00044888-00045079 was ahead of his time or is he just out
+nbwQTNzragA-00224-00045080-00045215 to lunch
+nbwQTNzragA-00225-00045216-00045495 no he was definitely not out to lunch um
+nbwQTNzragA-00226-00045496-00045615 alchemy was a very
+nbwQTNzragA-00227-00045616-00045830 serious pursuit it's had a very bad
+nbwQTNzragA-00228-00045831-00046039 press it's always associated with people
+nbwQTNzragA-00229-00046040-00046318 who are cranks or magicians
+nbwQTNzragA-00230-00046319-00046502 if you think about the the classic
+nbwQTNzragA-00231-00046503-00046702 example of alchemy
+nbwQTNzragA-00232-00046703-00047055 is turning lead into gold
+nbwQTNzragA-00233-00047056-00047343 that's changing something that is based
+nbwQTNzragA-00234-00047344-00047390 that's
+nbwQTNzragA-00235-00047391-00047615 low that's valueless that's dirty
+nbwQTNzragA-00236-00047616-00047886 changing it into something very valuable
+nbwQTNzragA-00237-00047887-00048118 when alchemists looked out on the world
+nbwQTNzragA-00238-00048119-00048199 they could see
+nbwQTNzragA-00239-00048200-00048407 everything around them changing so for
+nbwQTNzragA-00240-00048408-00048630 example acorns were growing
+nbwQTNzragA-00241-00048631-00049007 into trees or babies were growing
+nbwQTNzragA-00242-00049008-00049302 into adults or wood was buried forests
+nbwQTNzragA-00243-00049303-00049535 was turning into coal so this idea of
+nbwQTNzragA-00244-00049536-00049646 change
+nbwQTNzragA-00245-00049647-00049918 seemed to make a lot of sense to them
+nbwQTNzragA-00246-00049919-00050151 and the idea was that just as a base
+nbwQTNzragA-00247-00050152-00050239 metal lead
+nbwQTNzragA-00248-00050240-00050551 can be transmitted into gold so
+nbwQTNzragA-00249-00050552-00050830 if you pray you can cleanse your own
+nbwQTNzragA-00250-00050831-00050911 soul
+nbwQTNzragA-00251-00050912-00051086 and get nearer to god and it was that
+nbwQTNzragA-00252-00051087-00051270 sort of spiritual alchemy
+nbwQTNzragA-00253-00051271-00051638 that newton believed in but he'd
+nbwQTNzragA-00254-00051639-00051870 pursued a huge amount of alchemical
+nbwQTNzragA-00255-00051871-00052150 research he was very expert in alchemy
+nbwQTNzragA-00256-00052151-00052390 and many of his alchemical beliefs
+nbwQTNzragA-00257-00052391-00052559 actually got carried over
+nbwQTNzragA-00258-00052560-00052766 into his natural philosophy so you can't
+nbwQTNzragA-00259-00052767-00052935 draw a hard line
+nbwQTNzragA-00260-00052936-00053126 between alchemy that's rubbish and
+nbwQTNzragA-00261-00053127-00053350 science that's legitimate and that
+nbwQTNzragA-00262-00053351-00053511 science is right it's not it's not like
+nbwQTNzragA-00263-00053512-00053726 that at all you have this very difficult
+nbwQTNzragA-00264-00053727-00054087 problem of explaining how it is
+nbwQTNzragA-00265-00054088-00054294 that gravity operates because if you
+nbwQTNzragA-00266-00054295-00054438 think about it it's something
+nbwQTNzragA-00267-00054439-00054599 we still really haven't resolved if
+nbwQTNzragA-00268-00054600-00054750 you've got two
+nbwQTNzragA-00269-00054751-00054966 lumps of matter like the earth and the
+nbwQTNzragA-00270-00054967-00055135 moon is made of
+nbwQTNzragA-00271-00055136-00055463 inner material how is it that somehow
+nbwQTNzragA-00272-00055464-00055511 they
+nbwQTNzragA-00273-00055512-00055663 they can attract each other that they've
+nbwQTNzragA-00274-00055664-00055847 got an innate power
+nbwQTNzragA-00275-00055848-00056015 and that's the sort of question that
+nbwQTNzragA-00276-00056016-00056215 science has never really been able to
+nbwQTNzragA-00277-00056216-00056319 answer
+nbwQTNzragA-00278-00056320-00056647 and he drew on his alchemical theories
+nbwQTNzragA-00279-00056648-00056854 to provide different mechanisms to
+nbwQTNzragA-00280-00056855-00056966 justify
+nbwQTNzragA-00281-00056967-00057271 it and to explain his theory
+nbwQTNzragA-00282-00057272-00057607 of universal gravity so in
+nbwQTNzragA-00283-00057608-00057942 many people's view of the world god
+nbwQTNzragA-00284-00057944-00058199 created the universe and then god
+nbwQTNzragA-00285-00058200-00058359 disappeared and left it to run
+nbwQTNzragA-00286-00058360-00058687 itself like a clock newton's idea
+nbwQTNzragA-00287-00058688-00059023 was that god was constantly present
+nbwQTNzragA-00288-00059024-00059263 throughout the universe he used the word
+nbwQTNzragA-00289-00059264-00059430 imminent he's imminent throughout the
+nbwQTNzragA-00290-00059432-00059535 universe
+nbwQTNzragA-00291-00059536-00059838 and when the com a comic comes in
+nbwQTNzragA-00292-00059839-00060119 comets in his view are sent by god and
+nbwQTNzragA-00293-00060120-00060166 they've got
+nbwQTNzragA-00294-00060167-00060471 fairy tales that have got vegetative
+nbwQTNzragA-00295-00060472-00060726 alive matter in them that re-animate the
+nbwQTNzragA-00296-00060727-00060815 universe
+nbwQTNzragA-00297-00060816-00061166 so this very um sort of vibrant
+nbwQTNzragA-00298-00061167-00061471 vital living view of the universe
+nbwQTNzragA-00299-00061472-00061647 was one that's absent from modern
+nbwQTNzragA-00300-00061648-00061894 physics and one that he developed from
+nbwQTNzragA-00301-00061895-00062103 his alchemical research
+nbwQTNzragA-00302-00062104-00062335 now newton's notion of the ether in his
+nbwQTNzragA-00303-00062336-00062430 optics
+nbwQTNzragA-00304-00062432-00062654 was that crazy was that a precursor of
+nbwQTNzragA-00305-00062655-00062759 dark matter
+nbwQTNzragA-00306-00062760-00063079 is ether god what's your take on that
+nbwQTNzragA-00307-00063079-00063391 so in the optics is as it suggests the
+nbwQTNzragA-00308-00063391-00063550 name suggests it's a book about
+nbwQTNzragA-00309-00063551-00063959 optics uh but at the end he added 31
+nbwQTNzragA-00310-00063960-00064223 questions or queries as he called them
+nbwQTNzragA-00311-00064224-00064438 and that was a really good opportunity
+nbwQTNzragA-00312-00064439-00064711 for him to float some really outlandish
+nbwQTNzragA-00313-00064712-00064903 ideas and because he put a question mark
+nbwQTNzragA-00314-00064904-00064991 at the end
+nbwQTNzragA-00315-00064991-00065199 then nobody could accuse him of actually
+nbwQTNzragA-00316-00065200-00065375 believing that he said oh i was just
+nbwQTNzragA-00317-00065376-00065535 speculating
+nbwQTNzragA-00318-00065536-00065799 so he had in the queries of the optics
+nbwQTNzragA-00319-00065800-00066006 he formulated two different views of
+nbwQTNzragA-00320-00066007-00066215 gravity one is the one that there's some
+nbwQTNzragA-00321-00066216-00066294 sort of
+nbwQTNzragA-00322-00066295-00066567 invisible power that stretches out
+nbwQTNzragA-00323-00066568-00066791 through empty space and attracts the
+nbwQTNzragA-00324-00066792-00066959 sun to the moon or the apple to the
+nbwQTNzragA-00325-00066960-00067150 ground
+nbwQTNzragA-00326-00067151-00067447 the other version is that there's
+nbwQTNzragA-00327-00067448-00067543 something called an
+nbwQTNzragA-00328-00067544-00067855 ether and that the ether is made up
+nbwQTNzragA-00329-00067856-00068175 of tiny tiny tiny invisible particles
+nbwQTNzragA-00330-00068176-00068294 that you can't weigh
+nbwQTNzragA-00331-00068295-00068615 you can't see them you can't smell them
+nbwQTNzragA-00332-00068616-00068943 but they pervade everywhere and then
+nbwQTNzragA-00333-00068944-00069279 gravity can travel through that ether
+nbwQTNzragA-00334-00069280-00069606 just like sound is transmitted through
+nbwQTNzragA-00335-00069607-00069943 air or through water and that basic
+nbwQTNzragA-00336-00069944-00069991 model
+nbwQTNzragA-00337-00069992-00070311 sounds really weird now but throughout
+nbwQTNzragA-00338-00070312-00070671 the 19th century
+nbwQTNzragA-00339-00070672-00070879 regular scientists very eminent
+nbwQTNzragA-00340-00070880-00071006 prominent scientists
+nbwQTNzragA-00341-00071007-00071255 all believed in ether and they developed
+nbwQTNzragA-00342-00071256-00071455 models of it and it only finally
+nbwQTNzragA-00343-00071456-00071550 disappeared
+nbwQTNzragA-00344-00071551-00071871 in 1905 when albert einstein
+nbwQTNzragA-00345-00071872-00072143 introduced his theory of relativity and
+nbwQTNzragA-00346-00072144-00072199 one of
+nbwQTNzragA-00347-00072200-00072431 his aims in doing that is to dispense
+nbwQTNzragA-00348-00072432-00072511 with the ether
+nbwQTNzragA-00349-00072512-00072815 to say it's a hypothetical substance
+nbwQTNzragA-00350-00072816-00073119 and it's no longer needed did newton
+nbwQTNzragA-00351-00073120-00073455 ever have sex
+nbwQTNzragA-00352-00073456-00073823 he when he died he told
+nbwQTNzragA-00353-00073824-00074094 um his doctor that he was a virgin but
+nbwQTNzragA-00354-00074095-00074350 of course that can't be proved
+nbwQTNzragA-00355-00074351-00074655 he certainly had a very close emotional
+nbwQTNzragA-00356-00074656-00074838 relationship with at least
+nbwQTNzragA-00357-00074839-00075150 one young man uh but
+nbwQTNzragA-00358-00075151-00075447 the concept of homosexuality is a 19th
+nbwQTNzragA-00359-00075448-00075519 century
+nbwQTNzragA-00360-00075520-00075687 one so he might well have had a very
+nbwQTNzragA-00361-00075688-00075903 very intense emotional
+nbwQTNzragA-00362-00075904-00076071 relationship with young men without
+nbwQTNzragA-00363-00076072-00076223 actually having had
+nbwQTNzragA-00364-00076224-00076526 sexual relationships with them
+nbwQTNzragA-00365-00076527-00076735 why was newton so productive during the
+nbwQTNzragA-00366-00076736-00076838 london plague
+nbwQTNzragA-00367-00076839-00077062 was he self-isolated was he descending
+nbwQTNzragA-00368-00077063-00077247 letters back and forth earlier in his
+nbwQTNzragA-00369-00077248-00077303 career
+nbwQTNzragA-00370-00077304-00077655 before your book starts uh right yes
+nbwQTNzragA-00371-00077656-00077847 it's in your other book about newton oh
+nbwQTNzragA-00372-00077848-00078094 that's right so so during the pandemic
+nbwQTNzragA-00373-00078095-00078391 uh which which we might now call it uh
+nbwQTNzragA-00374-00078392-00078582 except it wasn't caused by a varys
+nbwQTNzragA-00375-00078583-00078806 um yeah he retreated to his country
+nbwQTNzragA-00376-00078807-00078894 cottage
+nbwQTNzragA-00377-00078895-00079167 uh which by now is about an hour by car
+nbwQTNzragA-00378-00079168-00079303 away from cambridge
+nbwQTNzragA-00379-00079304-00079606 and that's when he supposedly sat
+nbwQTNzragA-00380-00079607-00079767 beneath a tree in the garden
+nbwQTNzragA-00381-00079768-00079991 and watched an apple fall to the ground
+nbwQTNzragA-00382-00079992-00080294 and conceived the theory of gravity
+nbwQTNzragA-00383-00080295-00080535 we can never know whether that happened
+nbwQTNzragA-00384-00080536-00080694 but it was a story
+nbwQTNzragA-00385-00080695-00080991 that he only started telling about five
+nbwQTNzragA-00386-00080992-00081126 years before he died
+nbwQTNzragA-00387-00081127-00081350 and he did tell it to four separate
+nbwQTNzragA-00388-00081351-00081511 people so it sounds
+nbwQTNzragA-00389-00081512-00081782 as though he was creating a mythological
+nbwQTNzragA-00390-00081783-00081879 version
+nbwQTNzragA-00391-00081880-00082175 of scientific creativity and the story
+nbwQTNzragA-00392-00082176-00082294 was unknown for
+nbwQTNzragA-00393-00082295-00082550 decades it was only really in the 19th
+nbwQTNzragA-00394-00082551-00082638 century
+nbwQTNzragA-00395-00082639-00082838 that the story of the apple tree came
+nbwQTNzragA-00396-00082839-00083094 back and now of course it's
+nbwQTNzragA-00397-00083095-00083335 though he were a secular saint he has an
+nbwQTNzragA-00398-00083336-00083494 attribute like saint catherine has a
+nbwQTNzragA-00399-00083495-00083575 wheel
+nbwQTNzragA-00400-00083576-00083935 well isaac newton has his apple
+nbwQTNzragA-00401-00083936-00084111 now looking to the history of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00402-00084112-00084359 more broadly investigators have known
+nbwQTNzragA-00403-00084360-00084567 about static electricity for a
+nbwQTNzragA-00404-00084568-00084767 a long long time right since the ancient
+nbwQTNzragA-00405-00084768-00085038 greeks if it wasn't benjamin franklin
+nbwQTNzragA-00406-00085039-00085294 who is actually the researcher who
+nbwQTNzragA-00407-00085295-00085415 deserves credit
+nbwQTNzragA-00408-00085416-00085662 for discovering what you might call the
+nbwQTNzragA-00409-00085663-00085743 full power
+nbwQTNzragA-00410-00085744-00085975 of electricity how does that happen
+nbwQTNzragA-00411-00085976-00086079 exactly
+nbwQTNzragA-00412-00086080-00086399 i think the person who deserves most
+nbwQTNzragA-00413-00086400-00086606 credit for identifying it was
+nbwQTNzragA-00414-00086607-00086926 alessandro volta the italian
+nbwQTNzragA-00415-00086927-00087191 researcher because the people you're
+nbwQTNzragA-00416-00087192-00087471 right people have been able to generate
+nbwQTNzragA-00417-00087472-00087750 um static electricity for a long while
+nbwQTNzragA-00418-00087751-00087943 there was a big argument
+nbwQTNzragA-00419-00087944-00088287 is the electricity generated by
+nbwQTNzragA-00420-00088288-00088559 by a machine by human beings is that the
+nbwQTNzragA-00421-00088560-00088631 same
+nbwQTNzragA-00422-00088632-00088911 source of electricity as exists inside
+nbwQTNzragA-00423-00088912-00089047 our bodies
+nbwQTNzragA-00424-00089048-00089303 and what volta was able to do he created
+nbwQTNzragA-00425-00089304-00089471 a thing called a pile which is a
+nbwQTNzragA-00426-00089472-00089679 precursor of a modern battery
+nbwQTNzragA-00427-00089680-00089982 and he he managed to produce a current
+nbwQTNzragA-00428-00089983-00090111 of electricity
+nbwQTNzragA-00429-00090112-00090415 and he showed that if it's the same
+nbwQTNzragA-00430-00090416-00090638 as uh the electricity that's in our
+nbwQTNzragA-00431-00090639-00090775 bodies so i think
+nbwQTNzragA-00432-00090776-00091031 alessandro volta is the most important
+nbwQTNzragA-00433-00091032-00091094 person
+nbwQTNzragA-00434-00091095-00091431 in the creation of current electricity
+nbwQTNzragA-00435-00091432-00091718 as opposed to static electricity so many
+nbwQTNzragA-00436-00091719-00091959 factors seem to lie behind the origins
+nbwQTNzragA-00437-00091960-00092159 of the scientific revolution
+nbwQTNzragA-00438-00092160-00092359 in england but also in europe more
+nbwQTNzragA-00439-00092360-00092462 generally
+nbwQTNzragA-00440-00092463-00092671 which do you think is the underrated or
+nbwQTNzragA-00441-00092672-00092815 under discussed cause
+nbwQTNzragA-00442-00092816-00093015 of the scientific revolution i
+nbwQTNzragA-00443-00093016-00093135 personally don't think there was a
+nbwQTNzragA-00444-00093136-00093287 scientific revolution i think it's a
+nbwQTNzragA-00445-00093288-00093471 very inappropriate label
+nbwQTNzragA-00446-00093472-00093815 and if you uh meet historians of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00447-00093816-00093855 on
+nbwQTNzragA-00448-00093856-00094023 the european continent it's something
+nbwQTNzragA-00449-00094024-00094191 they haven't really heard of
+nbwQTNzragA-00450-00094192-00094455 it was a term that was really introduced
+nbwQTNzragA-00451-00094456-00094647 during the 20th century
+nbwQTNzragA-00452-00094648-00094847 and it became particularly important
+nbwQTNzragA-00453-00094848-00095031 after the second world war
+nbwQTNzragA-00454-00095032-00095447 when science was compared with religion
+nbwQTNzragA-00455-00095448-00095735 uh and the sort of rather idealistic
+nbwQTNzragA-00456-00095736-00095791 view
+nbwQTNzragA-00457-00095792-00096079 was there could be a universal language
+nbwQTNzragA-00458-00096080-00096150 of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00459-00096151-00096326 i suppose isaac newton's principia would
+nbwQTNzragA-00460-00096327-00096494 be sort of like the bible of the new
+nbwQTNzragA-00461-00096495-00096582 science
+nbwQTNzragA-00462-00096583-00096823 and that could spread internationally
+nbwQTNzragA-00463-00096824-00096926 and it was
+nbwQTNzragA-00464-00096927-00097174 uh it went along with a very pacifist
+nbwQTNzragA-00465-00097175-00097231 aim
+nbwQTNzragA-00466-00097232-00097503 to reduce international tensions and
+nbwQTNzragA-00467-00097504-00097606 this concept
+nbwQTNzragA-00468-00097607-00097871 the label the scientific revolution
+nbwQTNzragA-00469-00097872-00098015 became really important during the
+nbwQTNzragA-00470-00098016-00098223 second half of the 20th century
+nbwQTNzragA-00471-00098224-00098582 but since then a lot of historians have
+nbwQTNzragA-00472-00098583-00098862 strongly challenged it so i don't
+nbwQTNzragA-00473-00098863-00098950 personally
+nbwQTNzragA-00474-00098951-00099182 don't think it's a very good label but
+nbwQTNzragA-00475-00099183-00099359 isn't there something to the notion that
+nbwQTNzragA-00476-00099360-00099455 say boyle
+nbwQTNzragA-00477-00099456-00099679 cavendish and hook what they did which
+nbwQTNzragA-00478-00099680-00099815 was quite significant
+nbwQTNzragA-00479-00099816-00100071 typically multifaceted it couldn't have
+nbwQTNzragA-00480-00100072-00100191 happened in the year
+nbwQTNzragA-00481-00100192-00100423 1500 but it could have happened and
+nbwQTNzragA-00482-00100424-00100582 indeed it did happen
+nbwQTNzragA-00483-00100583-00100735 in the years they lived in there was
+nbwQTNzragA-00484-00100736-00100926 additional amount of wealth
+nbwQTNzragA-00485-00100927-00101118 there was some institutional support for
+nbwQTNzragA-00486-00101119-00101326 science there were royal societies
+nbwQTNzragA-00487-00101327-00101431 there's the beginnings
+nbwQTNzragA-00488-00101432-00101703 of professionalization why shouldn't we
+nbwQTNzragA-00489-00101704-00101862 see that as a discrete break in the
+nbwQTNzragA-00490-00101863-00101991 history of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00491-00101992-00102199 because you just given precisely all the
+nbwQTNzragA-00492-00102200-00102311 reasons why
+nbwQTNzragA-00493-00102312-00102575 i think it was a continuous effect and
+nbwQTNzragA-00494-00102576-00102694 you're quite right it couldn't have
+nbwQTNzragA-00495-00102695-00102934 happened in 1500 because the other
+nbwQTNzragA-00496-00102935-00103223 social factors weren't in place but the
+nbwQTNzragA-00497-00103224-00103375 the name of a revolution
+nbwQTNzragA-00498-00103376-00103542 suggests that something changes
+nbwQTNzragA-00499-00103543-00103775 precipitately and very quickly
+nbwQTNzragA-00500-00103776-00103958 i think it's quite relevant to remember
+nbwQTNzragA-00501-00103959-00104175 that the word scientist
+nbwQTNzragA-00502-00104176-00104486 wasn't even invented until the 1830s
+nbwQTNzragA-00503-00104488-00104710 and in this country it didn't become
+nbwQTNzragA-00504-00104711-00104886 common until late 19th
+nbwQTNzragA-00505-00104888-00105207 early 20th century so science
+nbwQTNzragA-00506-00105208-00105510 as we know it didn't exist
+nbwQTNzragA-00507-00105511-00105839 in the 16th 17th century which is where
+nbwQTNzragA-00508-00105840-00106054 uh the scientific revolution is usually
+nbwQTNzragA-00509-00106055-00106239 placed and the the term scientific
+nbwQTNzragA-00510-00106240-00106358 revolution
+nbwQTNzragA-00511-00106359-00106486 implies that you go from a
+nbwQTNzragA-00512-00106488-00106663 non-scientific state
+nbwQTNzragA-00513-00106664-00106902 to a very scientific sort of position
+nbwQTNzragA-00514-00106903-00107071 and that actually didn't happen and
+nbwQTNzragA-00515-00107072-00107134 there was a
+nbwQTNzragA-00516-00107135-00107383 long process of continuity and you could
+nbwQTNzragA-00517-00107383-00107543 see the 18th century
+nbwQTNzragA-00518-00107544-00107815 as being extremely important for
+nbwQTNzragA-00519-00107816-00107958 developing the idea
+nbwQTNzragA-00520-00107959-00108271 of careers not outside
+nbwQTNzragA-00521-00108272-00108423 the church and the law which were the
+nbwQTNzragA-00522-00108424-00108575 traditional careers
+nbwQTNzragA-00523-00108576-00108751 developing different sorts of careers
+nbwQTNzragA-00524-00108752-00108910 and making science
+nbwQTNzragA-00525-00108911-00109190 into a professional activity and that's
+nbwQTNzragA-00526-00109191-00109463 what happened in the 19th century
+nbwQTNzragA-00527-00109464-00109710 now you've written a book on 4 000 years
+nbwQTNzragA-00528-00109711-00109878 of the history of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00529-00109879-00110151 how well do you feel we we understand
+nbwQTNzragA-00530-00110152-00110319 the scientific understanding of the
+nbwQTNzragA-00531-00110320-00110575 ancient world
+nbwQTNzragA-00532-00110576-00110927 i looked back on that book which i wrote
+nbwQTNzragA-00533-00110928-00111134 about i think about came out about 15
+nbwQTNzragA-00534-00111135-00111271 years ago
+nbwQTNzragA-00535-00111272-00111654 and when i wrote it i was trying
+nbwQTNzragA-00536-00111655-00111943 extremely hard to get away from a
+nbwQTNzragA-00537-00111944-00112127 euro-centric approach
+nbwQTNzragA-00538-00112128-00112383 and to write an international history of
+nbwQTNzragA-00539-00112383-00112447 science
+nbwQTNzragA-00540-00112448-00112751 and since then i think history of
+nbwQTNzragA-00541-00112752-00112895 science has become
+nbwQTNzragA-00542-00112896-00113310 still more global and international
+nbwQTNzragA-00543-00113311-00113566 so i think we do know a lot about the
+nbwQTNzragA-00544-00113567-00113754 ancient world i think
+nbwQTNzragA-00545-00113755-00114015 unfortunately we still don't take
+nbwQTNzragA-00546-00114016-00114190 sufficient account
+nbwQTNzragA-00547-00114191-00114543 of um other cultures outside
+nbwQTNzragA-00548-00114544-00114758 uh greece and rome as seen as being
+nbwQTNzragA-00549-00114759-00114910 particularly important and
+nbwQTNzragA-00550-00114911-00115102 i think more and more we have to look at
+nbwQTNzragA-00551-00115103-00115215 what was happening
+nbwQTNzragA-00552-00115216-00115366 in other parts of the world and
+nbwQTNzragA-00553-00115367-00115583 recognize that not everything originated
+nbwQTNzragA-00554-00115583-00115743 with europe
+nbwQTNzragA-00555-00115744-00115958 if we look say at the breeding and
+nbwQTNzragA-00556-00115959-00116095 origins of corn
+nbwQTNzragA-00557-00116096-00116471 which happens in central mexico
+nbwQTNzragA-00558-00116472-00116663 by a group of people now misleadingly
+nbwQTNzragA-00559-00116664-00116831 called the aztecs
+nbwQTNzragA-00560-00116832-00117023 how much do we understand about how that
+nbwQTNzragA-00561-00117024-00117183 happened how much do we know about their
+nbwQTNzragA-00562-00117183-00117407 science do we think they just got lucky
+nbwQTNzragA-00563-00117408-00117558 if we knew everything how many big
+nbwQTNzragA-00564-00117559-00117815 surprises would there be
+nbwQTNzragA-00565-00117816-00117966 because it's a remarkable achievement
+nbwQTNzragA-00566-00117967-00118175 right they take a weed and they make it
+nbwQTNzragA-00567-00118176-00118343 into a food stuff that later fuels the
+nbwQTNzragA-00568-00118344-00118551 industrial revolution
+nbwQTNzragA-00569-00118552-00118766 yes but you could say i mean the same of
+nbwQTNzragA-00570-00118767-00118975 the egyptians they cultivated a weed and
+nbwQTNzragA-00571-00118976-00119215 turned it into something that we we use
+nbwQTNzragA-00572-00119216-00119447 used to print books on and use for
+nbwQTNzragA-00573-00119448-00119551 transmitting
+nbwQTNzragA-00574-00119552-00119734 knowledge i think a lot of ancient
+nbwQTNzragA-00575-00119735-00120047 cultures ancient civilizations
+nbwQTNzragA-00576-00120048-00120271 had very advanced levels of knowledge
+nbwQTNzragA-00577-00120272-00120390 but they weren't
+nbwQTNzragA-00578-00120391-00120631 directing it to what we would call
+nbwQTNzragA-00579-00120632-00120790 science they wanted
+nbwQTNzragA-00580-00120791-00120975 uh they wanted to live better they
+nbwQTNzragA-00581-00120976-00121151 wanted to be more healthy they wanted to
+nbwQTNzragA-00582-00121152-00121327 grow more crops they wanted to get from
+nbwQTNzragA-00583-00121328-00121495 one place to another they wanted to
+nbwQTNzragA-00584-00121496-00121631 become rich
+nbwQTNzragA-00585-00121632-00121886 that's doesn't and to do all those
+nbwQTNzragA-00586-00121888-00121958 things
+nbwQTNzragA-00587-00121959-00122231 they developed techniques that later got
+nbwQTNzragA-00588-00122232-00122334 taken over
+nbwQTNzragA-00589-00122335-00122631 and were adapted and are now seen as
+nbwQTNzragA-00590-00122632-00122878 being part of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00591-00122879-00123078 some number of years ago researchers
+nbwQTNzragA-00592-00123079-00123231 discover what's called the antique
+nbwQTNzragA-00593-00123232-00123343 theater mechanism
+nbwQTNzragA-00594-00123344-00123543 from the ancient world it seems to be a
+nbwQTNzragA-00595-00123544-00123783 kind of computational device
+nbwQTNzragA-00596-00123783-00124007 do we need to revise everything we had
+nbwQTNzragA-00597-00124008-00124183 thought about the ancients with regard
+nbwQTNzragA-00598-00124183-00124271 to science
+nbwQTNzragA-00599-00124272-00124502 or is just this just a marginal change
+nbwQTNzragA-00600-00124503-00124654 in our understanding of what they were
+nbwQTNzragA-00601-00124655-00124734 able to do
+nbwQTNzragA-00602-00124735-00124895 what else haven't we discovered from the
+nbwQTNzragA-00603-00124896-00125095 ancient world i think
+nbwQTNzragA-00604-00125096-00125407 uh the antikythera device which was
+nbwQTNzragA-00605-00125408-00125743 an ancient mechanical clock
+nbwQTNzragA-00606-00125744-00126007 from the greek era which was discovered
+nbwQTNzragA-00607-00126008-00126175 in the early 20th century is an
+nbwQTNzragA-00608-00126176-00126375 absolutely magnificent example
+nbwQTNzragA-00609-00126376-00126534 of the sort of thing that i'm talking
+nbwQTNzragA-00610-00126535-00126766 about because according to the standard
+nbwQTNzragA-00611-00126767-00127127 historical works such a elaborate
+nbwQTNzragA-00612-00127128-00127366 set of gears and such an intricate
+nbwQTNzragA-00613-00127367-00127543 understanding of what's going on in the
+nbwQTNzragA-00614-00127544-00127614 heavens
+nbwQTNzragA-00615-00127615-00127775 but particularly the mechanical work
+nbwQTNzragA-00616-00127776-00127927 that was involved couldn't possibly have
+nbwQTNzragA-00617-00127928-00128102 happened before the middle ages
+nbwQTNzragA-00618-00128103-00128478 and here there is this clock that's
+nbwQTNzragA-00619-00128479-00128710 long long preceding the middle ages and
+nbwQTNzragA-00620-00128711-00128807 the fact that
+nbwQTNzragA-00621-00128808-00129086 one has been found which is so
+nbwQTNzragA-00622-00129088-00129254 technically proficient
+nbwQTNzragA-00623-00129255-00129502 suggests i mean sort of really confirms
+nbwQTNzragA-00624-00129503-00129647 that there must have been many many
+nbwQTNzragA-00625-00129648-00129799 others as well and what
+nbwQTNzragA-00626-00129800-00130054 uh historians have started doing is
+nbwQTNzragA-00627-00130055-00130151 re-reading
+nbwQTNzragA-00628-00130152-00130439 ancient texts and reinterpreting uh
+nbwQTNzragA-00629-00130440-00130607 different references
+nbwQTNzragA-00630-00130608-00130895 to pick up uh indications that this sort
+nbwQTNzragA-00631-00130896-00130990 of technology
+nbwQTNzragA-00632-00130991-00131175 did exist long before we thought it ever
+nbwQTNzragA-00633-00131176-00131302 did
+nbwQTNzragA-00634-00131303-00131471 what should undergraduate science
+nbwQTNzragA-00635-00131472-00131631 students know about the history of
+nbwQTNzragA-00636-00131632-00131735 science
+nbwQTNzragA-00637-00131736-00131990 oh i think i would like to make history
+nbwQTNzragA-00638-00131991-00132175 of science compulsory
+nbwQTNzragA-00639-00132176-00132478 for all science students um i think
+nbwQTNzragA-00640-00132479-00132639 one thing that they learned they
+nbwQTNzragA-00641-00132640-00132783 obviously learn about
+nbwQTNzragA-00642-00132784-00133047 debates of the past a lot of the ethic
+nbwQTNzragA-00643-00133048-00133111 ethical
+nbwQTNzragA-00644-00133112-00133359 considerations involved in previous
+nbwQTNzragA-00645-00133360-00133559 debates are still very very relevant now
+nbwQTNzragA-00646-00133560-00133687 so i think that's
+nbwQTNzragA-00647-00133688-00133975 very useful for them another reason for
+nbwQTNzragA-00648-00133976-00134135 them to learn history and science is
+nbwQTNzragA-00649-00134136-00134207 that they
+nbwQTNzragA-00650-00134208-00134399 if they're scientists they're taught how
+nbwQTNzragA-00651-00134400-00134678 to carry out calculations and how to
+nbwQTNzragA-00652-00134679-00134902 advance from a certain base of knowledge
+nbwQTNzragA-00653-00134903-00135087 and to produce new knowledge
+nbwQTNzragA-00654-00135088-00135439 what historians of science do is argue
+nbwQTNzragA-00655-00135440-00135671 and interpret and find ways of
+nbwQTNzragA-00656-00135672-00135887 expressing their own point of view so we
+nbwQTNzragA-00657-00135888-00135983 teach
+nbwQTNzragA-00658-00135984-00136254 science students how to write essays how
+nbwQTNzragA-00659-00136255-00136454 to present their own position
+nbwQTNzragA-00660-00136455-00136678 and that's a skill that everybody is
+nbwQTNzragA-00661-00136679-00136847 going to need if you're writing a grant
+nbwQTNzragA-00662-00136848-00136999 application
+nbwQTNzragA-00663-00137000-00137183 you you need to be able to present your
+nbwQTNzragA-00664-00137184-00137327 ideas clearly
+nbwQTNzragA-00665-00137328-00137623 and the other reason for why i think
+nbwQTNzragA-00666-00137624-00137678 every
+nbwQTNzragA-00667-00137679-00137871 science student should learn history of
+nbwQTNzragA-00668-00137872-00138071 science is that the students i teach
+nbwQTNzragA-00669-00138072-00138247 absolutely love it because they have an
+nbwQTNzragA-00670-00138248-00138447 opportunity to argue
+nbwQTNzragA-00671-00138448-00138678 and to express their own ideas and think
+nbwQTNzragA-00672-00138679-00138871 for themselves and it's something that
+nbwQTNzragA-00673-00138872-00139054 students really really enjoy
+nbwQTNzragA-00674-00139055-00139302 as well as learning a lot from how
+nbwQTNzragA-00675-00139303-00139478 valuable is thomas kuhn for
+nbwQTNzragA-00676-00139479-00139751 understanding the history of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00677-00139752-00140039 so thomas introduced uh he didn't
+nbwQTNzragA-00678-00140040-00140247 introduce it himself he developed
+nbwQTNzragA-00679-00140248-00140511 um earlier ideas and it has come to
+nbwQTNzragA-00680-00140512-00140702 represent this idea
+nbwQTNzragA-00681-00140703-00140919 that science doesn't proceed in a
+nbwQTNzragA-00682-00140920-00141023 straight line
+nbwQTNzragA-00683-00141024-00141223 up the mountain of truth that it
+nbwQTNzragA-00684-00141224-00141327 proceeds
+nbwQTNzragA-00685-00141328-00141623 uh through revolution so that people get
+nbwQTNzragA-00686-00141624-00141871 hold of a fixed idea like for example
+nbwQTNzragA-00687-00141872-00141935 they
+nbwQTNzragA-00688-00141936-00142166 they know they know in their absolute
+nbwQTNzragA-00689-00142167-00142335 hearts that the sun goes
+nbwQTNzragA-00690-00142336-00142559 through the earth goes around the earth
+nbwQTNzragA-00691-00142560-00142719 they know that the sun goes around the
+nbwQTNzragA-00692-00142720-00142766 earth
+nbwQTNzragA-00693-00142767-00143023 but then more and more evidence comes up
+nbwQTNzragA-00694-00143024-00143078 that
+nbwQTNzragA-00695-00143079-00143302 really argues against that belief and
+nbwQTNzragA-00696-00143303-00143463 then it becomes a sort of
+nbwQTNzragA-00697-00143464-00143814 a crisis when the evidence overwhelms
+nbwQTNzragA-00698-00143815-00144095 the previous belief and you flip into a
+nbwQTNzragA-00699-00144096-00144223 new paradigm
+nbwQTNzragA-00700-00144224-00144502 uh and go for a different different
+nbwQTNzragA-00701-00144503-00144654 belief that the earth goes around the
+nbwQTNzragA-00702-00144655-00144790 sun
+nbwQTNzragA-00703-00144791-00145190 i think an enormous number of
+nbwQTNzragA-00704-00145191-00145447 holes have been picked in thomas kuhn's
+nbwQTNzragA-00705-00145448-00145590 book the structure of scientific
+nbwQTNzragA-00706-00145591-00145719 revolutions
+nbwQTNzragA-00707-00145720-00145959 and i think thomas kuhn himself would
+nbwQTNzragA-00708-00145960-00146102 agree with many of those
+nbwQTNzragA-00709-00146103-00146463 on the other hand it was a key book
+nbwQTNzragA-00710-00146464-00146695 in the way that it influenced people and
+nbwQTNzragA-00711-00146696-00146831 persuaded them
+nbwQTNzragA-00712-00146832-00147047 to think about the interaction between
+nbwQTNzragA-00713-00147048-00147263 science and society in a different way
+nbwQTNzragA-00714-00147264-00147535 so it's been enormously influential
+nbwQTNzragA-00715-00147536-00147751 although i don't really agree with all
+nbwQTNzragA-00716-00147752-00147887 that much of it
+nbwQTNzragA-00717-00147888-00148063 and what is it from philosophy of
+nbwQTNzragA-00718-00148064-00148190 science that you find
+nbwQTNzragA-00719-00148191-00148414 most valuable in understanding the
+nbwQTNzragA-00720-00148415-00148526 history of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00721-00148527-00148831 if not
+nbwQTNzragA-00722-00148832-00149335 um i suppose discussions about
+nbwQTNzragA-00723-00149336-00149659 the nature of truth and
+nbwQTNzragA-00724-00149660-00149935 objectivity and whether you can ever
+nbwQTNzragA-00725-00149936-00150007 attain
+nbwQTNzragA-00726-00150008-00150575 truth and what does that mean um
+nbwQTNzragA-00727-00150576-00150863 yes the sort of relationships the
+nbwQTNzragA-00728-00150864-00151007 theoretic the philosophical
+nbwQTNzragA-00729-00151008-00151166 relationships between
+nbwQTNzragA-00730-00151167-00151502 an observation and a fact
+nbwQTNzragA-00731-00151503-00151654 and the theory it's much more
+nbwQTNzragA-00732-00151655-00151943 complicated than
+nbwQTNzragA-00733-00151944-00152175 most people are led to believe in the
+nbwQTNzragA-00734-00152176-00152383 history of science is the abacus
+nbwQTNzragA-00735-00152384-00152711 overrated or underrated in its import
+nbwQTNzragA-00736-00152712-00153359 in is the abacus the abacus
+nbwQTNzragA-00737-00153360-00153854 um i
+nbwQTNzragA-00738-00153855-00154111 i don't think it is rated particularly
+nbwQTNzragA-00739-00154112-00154295 highly in the history so i mean it's a
+nbwQTNzragA-00740-00154296-00154575 it's um it was it's a good example of
+nbwQTNzragA-00741-00154576-00154790 something that wasn't invented
+nbwQTNzragA-00742-00154791-00155054 for scientific purposes but was
+nbwQTNzragA-00743-00155055-00155159 developed by
+nbwQTNzragA-00744-00155160-00155447 merchants for uh when they're trading uh
+nbwQTNzragA-00745-00155448-00155687 you need to add out the bills and
+nbwQTNzragA-00746-00155688-00155990 work out um i don't know how much six
+nbwQTNzragA-00747-00155991-00156263 six meters of cloth that ten dollars a
+nbwQTNzragA-00748-00156264-00156423 meter is going to cost
+nbwQTNzragA-00749-00156424-00156639 so it's a good example of an instrument
+nbwQTNzragA-00750-00156640-00156799 that was not developed
+nbwQTNzragA-00751-00156800-00157023 for scientific reasons but for other
+nbwQTNzragA-00752-00157024-00157190 reasons in this instance trading and
+nbwQTNzragA-00753-00157191-00157326 marketing
+nbwQTNzragA-00754-00157327-00157535 why is queen christina of sweden an
+nbwQTNzragA-00755-00157536-00157671 important figure for the history of
+nbwQTNzragA-00756-00157672-00157790 science
+nbwQTNzragA-00757-00157791-00157983 so queen christina said well she's
+nbwQTNzragA-00758-00157984-00158143 important because she was a very very
+nbwQTNzragA-00759-00158144-00158311 intelligent woman and she was lucky
+nbwQTNzragA-00760-00158312-00158431 enough to be rich
+nbwQTNzragA-00761-00158432-00158735 so she could study science and she
+nbwQTNzragA-00762-00158736-00158959 collected an intellectual court around
+nbwQTNzragA-00763-00158960-00159207 her and she attracted rene descartes the
+nbwQTNzragA-00764-00159208-00159335 french philosopher
+nbwQTNzragA-00765-00159336-00159599 to her court to come and be her tutor so
+nbwQTNzragA-00766-00159600-00159678 she learnt
+nbwQTNzragA-00767-00159679-00159966 maths and physics from descartes one of
+nbwQTNzragA-00768-00159967-00160151 europe's leading philosophers at the
+nbwQTNzragA-00769-00160152-00160231 time
+nbwQTNzragA-00770-00160232-00160543 but um it's quite cold in sweden unlike
+nbwQTNzragA-00771-00160544-00160631 france
+nbwQTNzragA-00772-00160632-00160887 and he got very chilled and he caught
+nbwQTNzragA-00773-00160888-00161102 some illness and he died while he was
+nbwQTNzragA-00774-00161103-00161319 in sweden with her so that's that's what
+nbwQTNzragA-00775-00161320-00161471 she's best known for
+nbwQTNzragA-00776-00161472-00161711 uh but she was also revered in her own
+nbwQTNzragA-00777-00161712-00161775 age
+nbwQTNzragA-00778-00161776-00162047 as athena as minerva the goddess of
+nbwQTNzragA-00779-00162048-00162126 wisdom
+nbwQTNzragA-00780-00162127-00162366 and that became a very common emblem
+nbwQTNzragA-00781-00162367-00162502 that there's various
+nbwQTNzragA-00782-00162503-00162814 busts and pictures of queen christina
+nbwQTNzragA-00783-00162815-00163023 dressed like minerva with an wearing a
+nbwQTNzragA-00784-00163024-00163199 helmet because she was also the goddess
+nbwQTNzragA-00785-00163200-00163254 of war
+nbwQTNzragA-00786-00163255-00163551 wearing a helmet with an owl on the top
+nbwQTNzragA-00787-00163552-00163759 so i think queen christina was also
+nbwQTNzragA-00788-00163760-00163990 important for launching a tradition of
+nbwQTNzragA-00789-00163991-00164175 learned minervas of women
+nbwQTNzragA-00790-00164176-00164431 who were capable of understanding
+nbwQTNzragA-00791-00164432-00164623 scientific ideas
+nbwQTNzragA-00792-00164624-00164799 which is to you the most interesting
+nbwQTNzragA-00793-00164800-00165311 city in northern england
+nbwQTNzragA-00794-00165312-00165623 um well if i can extend northern england
+nbwQTNzragA-00795-00165624-00165838 or south a bit to the midlands
+nbwQTNzragA-00796-00165839-00166199 um i would say litchfield uh because
+nbwQTNzragA-00797-00166200-00166431 that's where erasmus darwin lived
+nbwQTNzragA-00798-00166432-00166671 who was charles darwin's grandfather
+nbwQTNzragA-00799-00166672-00166766 litchfield
+nbwQTNzragA-00800-00166767-00167054 is near birmingham and in the 18th
+nbwQTNzragA-00801-00167055-00167119 century
+nbwQTNzragA-00802-00167120-00167263 birmingham was quite small and
+nbwQTNzragA-00803-00167264-00167447 insignificant and litchfield was very
+nbwQTNzragA-00804-00167448-00167575 important
+nbwQTNzragA-00805-00167576-00167887 and that's where darwin developed
+nbwQTNzragA-00806-00167888-00168063 one of the earliest theories of
+nbwQTNzragA-00807-00168064-00168223 evolution to be
+nbwQTNzragA-00808-00168224-00168590 expressed in britain
+nbwQTNzragA-00809-00168591-00168814 do you think that charles darwin noticed
+nbwQTNzragA-00810-00168815-00168990 his own genetic resemblance to his
+nbwQTNzragA-00811-00168991-00169166 grandfather erasmus
+nbwQTNzragA-00812-00169167-00169438 oh uh charles darwin was very impressed
+nbwQTNzragA-00813-00169439-00169711 by his father for one thing physically
+nbwQTNzragA-00814-00169712-00169951 they both had a large nose and they both
+nbwQTNzragA-00815-00169952-00170102 had a stammer that was something that
+nbwQTNzragA-00816-00170103-00170199 charles darwin
+nbwQTNzragA-00817-00170200-00170438 commented on he also inherited the
+nbwQTNzragA-00818-00170439-00170566 family aversion
+nbwQTNzragA-00819-00170567-00170902 to alcohol when charles darwin was a
+nbwQTNzragA-00820-00170903-00171007 medical student
+nbwQTNzragA-00821-00171008-00171311 in edinburgh he had to read erasmus
+nbwQTNzragA-00822-00171312-00171502 darwin's medical textbook which was
+nbwQTNzragA-00823-00171503-00171663 called zoonomia
+nbwQTNzragA-00824-00171664-00171975 and it was in zoonomia that in the pages
+nbwQTNzragA-00825-00171976-00172047 at the end
+nbwQTNzragA-00826-00172048-00172302 that erasmus darwin first suggested
+nbwQTNzragA-00827-00172303-00172487 evolutionary ideas
+nbwQTNzragA-00828-00172488-00172790 and when charles darwin went on the
+nbwQTNzragA-00829-00172791-00172943 beagle voyage
+nbwQTNzragA-00830-00172944-00173143 when he started taking notes about all
+nbwQTNzragA-00831-00173144-00173407 the flora and fauna that he saw
+nbwQTNzragA-00832-00173408-00173687 he had several notebooks and there's one
+nbwQTNzragA-00833-00173688-00173959 notebook that's got his first sketch
+nbwQTNzragA-00834-00173960-00174319 of an evolutionary branching tree
+nbwQTNzragA-00835-00174320-00174623 and that notebook is called zoonomia so
+nbwQTNzragA-00836-00174624-00174838 i think that's just one example of how
+nbwQTNzragA-00837-00174839-00175151 influential his grandfather's
+nbwQTNzragA-00838-00175152-00175431 intellectual ideas were but also his
+nbwQTNzragA-00839-00175432-00175702 general approach to life is aversion to
+nbwQTNzragA-00840-00175703-00175975 slavery for example
+nbwQTNzragA-00841-00175976-00176166 why do you think it took the world so
+nbwQTNzragA-00842-00176167-00176502 long to unravel the geological insights
+nbwQTNzragA-00843-00176503-00176711 that were behind darwin's theory of
+nbwQTNzragA-00844-00176712-00176871 evolution so you need to see that the
+nbwQTNzragA-00845-00176872-00176999 earth has changed
+nbwQTNzragA-00846-00177000-00177247 you see fossils in a historical record
+nbwQTNzragA-00847-00177248-00177471 you see sediments of earth corresponding
+nbwQTNzragA-00848-00177472-00177702 to different eras of time you would
+nbwQTNzragA-00849-00177703-00177807 think something like that
+nbwQTNzragA-00850-00177808-00177926 could have been figured out by the
+nbwQTNzragA-00851-00177927-00178231 romans but it really comes quite late in
+nbwQTNzragA-00852-00178232-00178414 the history of science
+nbwQTNzragA-00853-00178415-00178766 why uh well it comes late one one reason
+nbwQTNzragA-00854-00178767-00178895 why it came late
+nbwQTNzragA-00855-00178896-00179199 in europe was uh because
+nbwQTNzragA-00856-00179200-00179414 of christian beliefs i mean what it says
+nbwQTNzragA-00857-00179415-00179647 in the bible it says in the bible
+nbwQTNzragA-00858-00179648-00179959 that the earth um was created in
+nbwQTNzragA-00859-00179960-00180111 six days and on the seventh day god
+nbwQTNzragA-00860-00180112-00180295 rested but more importantly
+nbwQTNzragA-00861-00180296-00180566 i think the idea of revolution that god
+nbwQTNzragA-00862-00180567-00180726 created the world
+nbwQTNzragA-00863-00180727-00180935 just as it is now and i think it took a
+nbwQTNzragA-00864-00180936-00181038 long time
+nbwQTNzragA-00865-00181039-00181407 to overturn those ideas but long before
+nbwQTNzragA-00866-00181408-00181719 charles darwin formulated his idea of
+nbwQTNzragA-00867-00181720-00181951 evolution by natural selection
+nbwQTNzragA-00868-00181952-00182254 uh that view of the permanence and the
+nbwQTNzragA-00869-00182255-00182559 unchanging nature of the earth had been
+nbwQTNzragA-00870-00182560-00182766 overturned a long while previously and
+nbwQTNzragA-00871-00182767-00182959 all the geological information was
+nbwQTNzragA-00872-00182960-00183087 already in place
+nbwQTNzragA-00873-00183088-00183447 by then uh so if you go back for example
+nbwQTNzragA-00874-00183448-00183559 even to robert hook
+nbwQTNzragA-00875-00183560-00183838 who was a contemporary of isaac newton
+nbwQTNzragA-00876-00183839-00184014 uh during the plague
+nbwQTNzragA-00877-00184015-00184335 when isaac newton was in uh
+nbwQTNzragA-00878-00184336-00184663 in his country home at wolf thought
+nbwQTNzragA-00879-00184664-00184926 robert hook took refuge at a country
+nbwQTNzragA-00880-00184927-00185071 house in surrey and he went for long
+nbwQTNzragA-00881-00185072-00185214 walks over the dance
+nbwQTNzragA-00882-00185215-00185431 and he found lots of fossils of marine
+nbwQTNzragA-00883-00185432-00185535 organisms
+nbwQTNzragA-00884-00185536-00185719 so already in the middle of the 17th
+nbwQTNzragA-00885-00185720-00185871 century uh
+nbwQTNzragA-00886-00185872-00186054 robert hook was arguing that there must
+nbwQTNzragA-00887-00186055-00186207 once have been a sea
+nbwQTNzragA-00888-00186208-00186390 that lay over that land because he was
+nbwQTNzragA-00889-00186391-00186607 finding all these marine fossils
+nbwQTNzragA-00890-00186608-00186902 so it's a long slow process i think it's
+nbwQTNzragA-00891-00186903-00187007 easy
+nbwQTNzragA-00892-00187008-00187223 in retrospect it's quite easy to say
+nbwQTNzragA-00893-00187224-00187423 well why did it take so long for people
+nbwQTNzragA-00894-00187424-00187559 to discover that
+nbwQTNzragA-00895-00187560-00187902 um one reason is that they had other
+nbwQTNzragA-00896-00187903-00188023 things to do
+nbwQTNzragA-00897-00188024-00188343 another reason is that during the 19th
+nbwQTNzragA-00898-00188344-00188511 and 19th centuries
+nbwQTNzragA-00899-00188512-00188695 uh when all the new canals and the
+nbwQTNzragA-00900-00188696-00188895 railways were being built
+nbwQTNzragA-00901-00188896-00189247 then people started slicing down inside
+nbwQTNzragA-00902-00189248-00189495 the earth and they could see for the
+nbwQTNzragA-00903-00189496-00189647 first time they could see
+nbwQTNzragA-00904-00189648-00189847 all those layers all those geological
+nbwQTNzragA-00905-00189848-00189950 strata
+nbwQTNzragA-00906-00189951-00190359 so so again it was a different activity
+nbwQTNzragA-00907-00190360-00190750 improving transport that stimulated
+nbwQTNzragA-00908-00190751-00191054 the scientific insights linnaeus comes
+nbwQTNzragA-00909-00191055-00191231 up with this system for classifying
+nbwQTNzragA-00910-00191232-00191343 plants in what
+nbwQTNzragA-00911-00191344-00191702 1730s 1740s that also seems quite late
+nbwQTNzragA-00912-00191703-00191799 we've had plants
+nbwQTNzragA-00913-00191800-00192071 around forever christianity is not an
+nbwQTNzragA-00914-00192072-00192199 obstacle there
+nbwQTNzragA-00915-00192200-00192487 why does that development take so long
+nbwQTNzragA-00916-00192488-00192663 plants have been classified
+nbwQTNzragA-00917-00192664-00192823 for many many centuries they're just
+nbwQTNzragA-00918-00192824-00193150 being classified in a different way
+nbwQTNzragA-00919-00193151-00193359 but not with unique identifiers right
+nbwQTNzragA-00920-00193360-00193511 everyone would have their own system
+nbwQTNzragA-00921-00193512-00193671 there were multiple dimensions what do
+nbwQTNzragA-00922-00193672-00193895 you use plants for whereas the linnaean
+nbwQTNzragA-00923-00193896-00193966 system
+nbwQTNzragA-00924-00193967-00194175 it more or less did uniquely identify
+nbwQTNzragA-00925-00194176-00194366 plants almost like a search engine
+nbwQTNzragA-00926-00194367-00194526 in a way that other researchers could
+nbwQTNzragA-00927-00194527-00194863 work with and that's what took so long
+nbwQTNzragA-00928-00194864-00195231 um because people classified plants
+nbwQTNzragA-00929-00195232-00195487 according to why they needed to use them
+nbwQTNzragA-00930-00195488-00195575 our plants were
+nbwQTNzragA-00931-00195576-00195878 mostly used for food and for drugs
+nbwQTNzragA-00932-00195879-00196159 um they were in john ray in the 17th
+nbwQTNzragA-00933-00196160-00196223 century
+nbwQTNzragA-00934-00196224-00196471 did introduce a classification system it
+nbwQTNzragA-00935-00196472-00196695 was a different classification system
+nbwQTNzragA-00936-00196696-00196950 and by the time linnaeus proposed his
+nbwQTNzragA-00937-00196951-00197054 there were several
+nbwQTNzragA-00938-00197055-00197319 others and his was strongly opposed it's
+nbwQTNzragA-00939-00197320-00197431 got
+nbwQTNzragA-00940-00197432-00197647 several important defects and it's
+nbwQTNzragA-00941-00197648-00197823 completely arbitrary
+nbwQTNzragA-00942-00197824-00198190 the what the way that it counts um the
+nbwQTNzragA-00943-00198191-00198390 sexual characteristics of the flowers is
+nbwQTNzragA-00944-00198391-00198638 also roughly half
+nbwQTNzragA-00945-00198639-00198831 flora don't have flowers that you can
+nbwQTNzragA-00946-00198832-00199031 count the sexual characteristics
+nbwQTNzragA-00947-00199032-00199247 in that way so it's a it's a deeply
+nbwQTNzragA-00948-00199248-00199431 flawed system that was much
+nbwQTNzragA-00949-00199432-00199775 criticized at the time and it was like
+nbwQTNzragA-00950-00199776-00200014 all new scientific ideas it had to be
+nbwQTNzragA-00951-00200015-00200183 promoted there had to be almost a sort
+nbwQTNzragA-00952-00200184-00200431 of public relations exercise to make
+nbwQTNzragA-00953-00200432-00200511 sure that
+nbwQTNzragA-00954-00200512-00200743 lynnae and botany was accept accepted
+nbwQTNzragA-00955-00200744-00200871 rather than another one
+nbwQTNzragA-00956-00200872-00201102 and it's now being replaced i mean
+nbwQTNzragA-00957-00201103-00201238 there's a lot of debate about
+nbwQTNzragA-00958-00201239-00201399 whether it is the best and the most
+nbwQTNzragA-00959-00201400-00201614 useful classification system
+nbwQTNzragA-00960-00201615-00201814 so it's not absolutely right it's just
+nbwQTNzragA-00961-00201815-00202087 one system of doing it
+nbwQTNzragA-00962-00202088-00202302 if we look at 18th century portraits
+nbwQTNzragA-00963-00202303-00202550 either of scientists or of patrons
+nbwQTNzragA-00964-00202551-00202950 they rarely seem to be happy why is that
+nbwQTNzragA-00965-00202951-00203095 perhaps they don't look happy because
+nbwQTNzragA-00966-00203096-00203247 they have to sit still for a long while
+nbwQTNzragA-00967-00203248-00203335 being painted
+nbwQTNzragA-00968-00203336-00203471 that's certainly true of the early
+nbwQTNzragA-00969-00203472-00203687 photographs that people had to pose for
+nbwQTNzragA-00970-00203688-00204031 a long while because portraits were
+nbwQTNzragA-00971-00204032-00204175 painted
+nbwQTNzragA-00972-00204176-00204407 but if they're painted of a man it's
+nbwQTNzragA-00973-00204408-00204550 different different for a woman but a
+nbwQTNzragA-00974-00204551-00204599 portrait
+nbwQTNzragA-00975-00204600-00204862 was painted of a man was to show his
+nbwQTNzragA-00976-00204863-00205134 importance and his seriousness and his
+nbwQTNzragA-00977-00205135-00205479 gravitas and so
+nbwQTNzragA-00978-00205480-00205662 they didn't necessarily show him as
+nbwQTNzragA-00979-00205663-00205871 unhappy
+nbwQTNzragA-00980-00205871-00206038 in the 18th century they were shown
+nbwQTNzragA-00981-00206039-00206214 mainly as being sort of noble and
+nbwQTNzragA-00982-00206215-00206462 austere it was in the 17th century a lot
+nbwQTNzragA-00983-00206463-00206606 of them actually were given
+nbwQTNzragA-00984-00206607-00206831 very melancholic expressions uh someone
+nbwQTNzragA-00985-00206832-00207119 like the diarist john evelyn for example
+nbwQTNzragA-00986-00207119-00207479 or isaac newton himself because
+nbwQTNzragA-00987-00207480-00207751 being melancholy was associated with
+nbwQTNzragA-00988-00207752-00207934 scholarship the idea that you would sit
+nbwQTNzragA-00989-00207935-00208182 inside in a darkened room and you had
+nbwQTNzragA-00990-00208183-00208486 very white skin and fine bones so
+nbwQTNzragA-00991-00208487-00208751 your physical attributes reflected the
+nbwQTNzragA-00992-00208752-00208798 brilliance
+nbwQTNzragA-00993-00208800-00209014 of your brain who is the great
+nbwQTNzragA-00994-00209015-00209319 underrated british visual artist
+nbwQTNzragA-00995-00209319-00209767 in all of british history well
+nbwQTNzragA-00996-00209767-00210094 one of my favorite pictures
+nbwQTNzragA-00997-00210096-00210255 is is not she's not particularly
+nbwQTNzragA-00998-00210256-00210510 underrated by maggie hamlin
+nbwQTNzragA-00999-00210511-00210758 and the reason it's my favorite pictures
+nbwQTNzragA-01000-00210759-00210863 is because she shows
+nbwQTNzragA-01001-00210864-00211175 dorothy is a portrait of dorothy hodgkin
+nbwQTNzragA-01002-00211176-00211487 who is the only british woman to have
+nbwQTNzragA-01003-00211488-00211671 won a nobel prize for science
+nbwQTNzragA-01004-00211671-00211975 and very very few people have heard of
+nbwQTNzragA-01005-00211976-00212119 her so i would like
+nbwQTNzragA-01006-00212119-00212334 i would like to see maggie hamlin more
+nbwQTNzragA-01007-00212335-00212510 represented but also this particular
+nbwQTNzragA-01008-00212511-00212591 portrait
+nbwQTNzragA-01009-00212592-00212998 dorothy hodgkin she won the nobel prize
+nbwQTNzragA-01010-00213000-00213342 she identified the molecular structures
+nbwQTNzragA-01011-00213344-00213375 through
+nbwQTNzragA-01012-00213376-00213655 x-ray crystallography she identified
+nbwQTNzragA-01013-00213656-00213758 insulin
+nbwQTNzragA-01014-00213759-00214110 uh vitamin b and penicillin she was
+nbwQTNzragA-01015-00214111-00214519 also a very very affable
+nbwQTNzragA-01016-00214519-00214782 lovely person who campaigned for
+nbwQTNzragA-01017-00214783-00214942 maternity leave for women in the
+nbwQTNzragA-01018-00214944-00215071 universities who was
+nbwQTNzragA-01019-00215071-00215358 who was very supportive of other women
+nbwQTNzragA-01020-00215359-00215615 and she doesn't have a sort of glamorous
+nbwQTNzragA-01021-00215616-00215934 um sort of heroic tragic tale like
+nbwQTNzragA-01022-00215935-00216206 rosalind franklin for example she was
+nbwQTNzragA-01023-00216207-00216263 just an
+nbwQTNzragA-01024-00216264-00216471 ordinary woman who got on and she did
+nbwQTNzragA-01025-00216471-00216663 her science and she had four children
+nbwQTNzragA-01026-00216664-00216758 and she was very
+nbwQTNzragA-01027-00216759-00217015 supportive of her peers and everybody
+nbwQTNzragA-01028-00217016-00217182 liked her and she seems to me that she
+nbwQTNzragA-01029-00217183-00217231 is the
+nbwQTNzragA-01030-00217232-00217519 ideal role model for a scientist and
+nbwQTNzragA-01031-00217519-00217631 maggie hamlin
+nbwQTNzragA-01032-00217632-00217903 has present painted a very very
+nbwQTNzragA-01033-00217904-00218103 sympathetic portrait of her
+nbwQTNzragA-01034-00218104-00218398 as an elderly lady burrowing amongst her
+nbwQTNzragA-01035-00218400-00218558 papers and she's painted her with
+nbwQTNzragA-01036-00218559-00218791 forearms because she's she's so busy
+nbwQTNzragA-01037-00218792-00218967 that her arms are dashing around all
+nbwQTNzragA-01038-00218967-00219094 over the place and she's got a
+nbwQTNzragA-01039-00219096-00219406 big model of a molecule in the middle of
+nbwQTNzragA-01040-00219407-00219494 her desk to
+nbwQTNzragA-01041-00219496-00219806 show off her achievements now
+nbwQTNzragA-01042-00219807-00219975 on the role of women in the history of
+nbwQTNzragA-01043-00219976-00220182 science london schiebenger
+nbwQTNzragA-01044-00220183-00220327 has written that early women's
+nbwQTNzragA-01045-00220328-00220503 scientific contributions
+nbwQTNzragA-01046-00220504-00220710 were most prominent in and i quote
+nbwQTNzragA-01047-00220711-00220887 illustrating calculating
+nbwQTNzragA-01048-00220888-00221134 or observing do you agree and if so why
+nbwQTNzragA-01049-00221135-00221351 was that the case
+nbwQTNzragA-01050-00221352-00221687 science was being carried out at home
+nbwQTNzragA-01051-00221688-00221991 before the 19th century not much was
+nbwQTNzragA-01052-00221992-00222191 happening in universities or in public
+nbwQTNzragA-01053-00222192-00222423 laboratories so a lot of women were at
+nbwQTNzragA-01054-00222423-00222663 home and they were essentially
+nbwQTNzragA-01055-00222664-00222879 working with their brothers or their
+nbwQTNzragA-01056-00222880-00223094 fathers or their husbands
+nbwQTNzragA-01057-00223096-00223342 they weren't allowed to go to university
+nbwQTNzragA-01058-00223344-00223558 so unless they were very rich and could
+nbwQTNzragA-01059-00223559-00223727 afford a private tutor
+nbwQTNzragA-01060-00223728-00224006 they didn't have the opportunity to
+nbwQTNzragA-01061-00224007-00224055 learn
+nbwQTNzragA-01062-00224056-00224310 all the scientific theories that men
+nbwQTNzragA-01063-00224311-00224415 could because
+nbwQTNzragA-01064-00224416-00224606 men were allowed to study those sort of
+nbwQTNzragA-01065-00224607-00224751 subjects
+nbwQTNzragA-01066-00224752-00224967 but if you think about the history of
+nbwQTNzragA-01067-00224967-00225167 science of course there are individuals
+nbwQTNzragA-01068-00225167-00225215 like
+nbwQTNzragA-01069-00225216-00225431 newton and einstein who make great
+nbwQTNzragA-01070-00225432-00225551 discoveries but
+nbwQTNzragA-01071-00225552-00225758 science isn't just about that you have
+nbwQTNzragA-01072-00225759-00225903 to be able to communicate
+nbwQTNzragA-01073-00225904-00226134 ideas from one person to another from
+nbwQTNzragA-01074-00226135-00226327 one country to another
+nbwQTNzragA-01075-00226328-00226615 and if you think about that sort of
+nbwQTNzragA-01076-00226616-00226855 model of science if you think of science
+nbwQTNzragA-01077-00226856-00227127 as being continuous not not as a sort of
+nbwQTNzragA-01078-00227128-00227206 range of
+nbwQTNzragA-01079-00227207-00227455 mountain peaks with individual geniuses
+nbwQTNzragA-01080-00227456-00227598 standing on top of them
+nbwQTNzragA-01081-00227600-00227863 then women played a very very important
+nbwQTNzragA-01082-00227864-00227975 role because
+nbwQTNzragA-01083-00227976-00228375 teaching illustrating drawing editing
+nbwQTNzragA-01084-00228376-00228687 running museums uh collecting different
+nbwQTNzragA-01085-00228688-00228879 sort of specimens
+nbwQTNzragA-01086-00228880-00229142 those are all absolutely crucial so if
+nbwQTNzragA-01087-00229144-00229351 you think of isaac newton
+nbwQTNzragA-01088-00229352-00229694 he um he wrote his principia
+nbwQTNzragA-01089-00229696-00229982 in a very complicated geometrical
+nbwQTNzragA-01090-00229983-00230079 language
+nbwQTNzragA-01091-00230080-00230334 and he said he deliberately made it very
+nbwQTNzragA-01092-00230335-00230431 difficult because
+nbwQTNzragA-01093-00230432-00230598 what he said was i don't want to be
+nbwQTNzragA-01094-00230600-00230823 bothered by little smatterers in
+nbwQTNzragA-01095-00230823-00230942 mathematics
+nbwQTNzragA-01096-00230944-00231206 so ordinary people even quite skilled
+nbwQTNzragA-01097-00231207-00231327 mathematicians
+nbwQTNzragA-01098-00231328-00231631 found his book impossible to approach so
+nbwQTNzragA-01099-00231632-00231671 it was
+nbwQTNzragA-01100-00231671-00232031 only when other people translated it or
+nbwQTNzragA-01101-00232032-00232279 explained the ideas in it in simpler
+nbwQTNzragA-01102-00232280-00232398 terms that his
+nbwQTNzragA-01103-00232400-00232655 vision supposedly under the apple tree
+nbwQTNzragA-01104-00232656-00232894 managed to spread around the world
+nbwQTNzragA-01105-00232896-00233142 and women played a very important role
+nbwQTNzragA-01106-00233144-00233391 in that sort of communication and spread
+nbwQTNzragA-01107-00233392-00233623 of science so i agree with londo
+nbwQTNzragA-01108-00233623-00233815 schievinger but i also think
+nbwQTNzragA-01109-00233816-00234158 that we need to rewrite how we think
+nbwQTNzragA-01110-00234159-00234319 about the history of science and what's
+nbwQTNzragA-01111-00234319-00234487 important about the history of science
+nbwQTNzragA-01112-00234488-00234591 science is about
+nbwQTNzragA-01113-00234592-00234927 collaboration it's about cooperation
+nbwQTNzragA-01114-00234928-00235215 it's not about unique effort and women
+nbwQTNzragA-01115-00235216-00235455 were very important in that process
+nbwQTNzragA-01116-00235456-00235806 between 1650 and 1710 14
+nbwQTNzragA-01117-00235807-00236006 of german astronomers were women
+nbwQTNzragA-01118-00236007-00236223 arguably higher than is the case today
+nbwQTNzragA-01119-00236223-00236534 how did that happen uh because astronomy
+nbwQTNzragA-01120-00236535-00236631 was
+nbwQTNzragA-01121-00236632-00236831 it is a subject now that you study at
+nbwQTNzragA-01122-00236832-00236934 university
+nbwQTNzragA-01123-00236935-00237246 but it was also as it was a craft the
+nbwQTNzragA-01124-00237248-00237558 um to study astronomy to study the
+nbwQTNzragA-01125-00237559-00237671 styles you need to make
+nbwQTNzragA-01126-00237671-00237831 instruments and the instruments were
+nbwQTNzragA-01127-00237832-00238087 being made at home the guild structure
+nbwQTNzragA-01128-00238088-00238415 was very strong in germany and
+nbwQTNzragA-01129-00238416-00238663 a lot of women in england as well who
+nbwQTNzragA-01130-00238664-00238751 were working in
+nbwQTNzragA-01131-00238752-00238942 instrument making shops inherited their
+nbwQTNzragA-01132-00238944-00239055 father's business
+nbwQTNzragA-01133-00239056-00239239 or they were trained up from when they
+nbwQTNzragA-01134-00239240-00239375 were small children
+nbwQTNzragA-01135-00239376-00239719 to work with their father
+nbwQTNzragA-01136-00239719-00239934 and that sort of structure was stronger
+nbwQTNzragA-01137-00239935-00240046 in uh
+nbwQTNzragA-01138-00240048-00240239 germany than it was in england but there
+nbwQTNzragA-01139-00240240-00240415 were also some important
+nbwQTNzragA-01140-00240416-00240694 female astronomers so for example the
+nbwQTNzragA-01141-00240696-00240846 first astronomer royal
+nbwQTNzragA-01142-00240848-00241055 at greenwich when the observatory was
+nbwQTNzragA-01143-00241056-00241230 built in the 17th century
+nbwQTNzragA-01144-00241231-00241398 the first astronomer royal was john
+nbwQTNzragA-01145-00241400-00241655 flamstead and his wife
+nbwQTNzragA-01146-00241656-00241998 uh joanna was also a good astronomer and
+nbwQTNzragA-01147-00242000-00242158 she was very good at carrying out all
+nbwQTNzragA-01148-00242159-00242358 the mathematical calculations
+nbwQTNzragA-01149-00242359-00242663 that are needed to transform the data
+nbwQTNzragA-01150-00242664-00242830 the readings of the stars
+nbwQTNzragA-01151-00242831-00243206 to transform those data into
+nbwQTNzragA-01152-00243207-00243439 measurements that can be recorded in a
+nbwQTNzragA-01153-00243440-00243551 star catalog
+nbwQTNzragA-01154-00243552-00243742 another excellent example of that is
+nbwQTNzragA-01155-00243744-00243879 caroline herschel
+nbwQTNzragA-01156-00243880-00244071 who came over from germany with her
+nbwQTNzragA-01157-00244071-00244198 brother william
+nbwQTNzragA-01158-00244200-00244510 and they set up in bath together
+nbwQTNzragA-01159-00244511-00244815 and she was going to be a musician
+nbwQTNzragA-01160-00244816-00245046 and she started on her musical career
+nbwQTNzragA-01161-00245048-00245230 but then william herschel
+nbwQTNzragA-01162-00245231-00245439 uh got the astronomy bug and he
+nbwQTNzragA-01163-00245440-00245582 persuaded her
+nbwQTNzragA-01164-00245583-00245894 to devote her life to helping him
+nbwQTNzragA-01165-00245896-00246215 and she was out there all night
+nbwQTNzragA-01166-00246216-00246471 observing on the telescope also carrying
+nbwQTNzragA-01167-00246471-00246582 out this
+nbwQTNzragA-01168-00246583-00247071 this work of translating raw data into
+nbwQTNzragA-01169-00247071-00247230 figures that could be recorded in the
+nbwQTNzragA-01170-00247231-00247439 style catalogue and she also
+nbwQTNzragA-01171-00247440-00247671 discovered on her own she discovered
+nbwQTNzragA-01172-00247671-00247879 several new comets and she became very
+nbwQTNzragA-01173-00247880-00248087 well known for that in the late
+nbwQTNzragA-01174-00248088-00248406 18th century why are women today so
+nbwQTNzragA-01175-00248407-00248598 prominent in vaccine science
+nbwQTNzragA-01176-00248600-00248998 compared to say theoretical physics
+nbwQTNzragA-01177-00249000-00249167 i'm glad they're prominent in some
+nbwQTNzragA-01178-00249167-00249406 science that's absolutely excellent
+nbwQTNzragA-01179-00249407-00249758 um i think the problem with
+nbwQTNzragA-01180-00249759-00250055 theoretical physics i think there aren't
+nbwQTNzragA-01181-00250056-00250198 enough good teachers
+nbwQTNzragA-01182-00250200-00250391 in the girls schools i think that's one
+nbwQTNzragA-01183-00250392-00250558 problem i also
+nbwQTNzragA-01184-00250559-00250823 think we still have a cultural bias
+nbwQTNzragA-01185-00250823-00251006 which is very unfortunate
+nbwQTNzragA-01186-00251007-00251358 which suggests that women are not clever
+nbwQTNzragA-01187-00251359-00251446 enough
+nbwQTNzragA-01188-00251448-00251663 to do physics i personally really resent
+nbwQTNzragA-01189-00251664-00251782 that because i've got a degree in
+nbwQTNzragA-01190-00251783-00252071 physics from oxford
+nbwQTNzragA-01191-00252071-00252334 i think a lot of men in physics
+nbwQTNzragA-01192-00252335-00252455 unfortunately
+nbwQTNzragA-01193-00252456-00252798 are still unwilling to recruit or to
+nbwQTNzragA-01194-00252800-00253039 promote female scientists so those are
+nbwQTNzragA-01195-00253040-00253191 some of the prejudices
+nbwQTNzragA-01196-00253192-00253542 that we have to smash down
+nbwQTNzragA-01197-00253544-00253719 what do you think of the literature on
+nbwQTNzragA-01198-00253719-00254023 the paradox of gender equality in stem
+nbwQTNzragA-01199-00254023-00254198 so for instance if you go to many of the
+nbwQTNzragA-01200-00254200-00254327 muslim nations
+nbwQTNzragA-01201-00254328-00254503 where women are quite oppressed they're
+nbwQTNzragA-01202-00254504-00254646 quite a high percentage
+nbwQTNzragA-01203-00254648-00254879 of stem students if you go to the nordic
+nbwQTNzragA-01204-00254880-00255006 nations where women really
+nbwQTNzragA-01205-00255007-00255263 have pretty strong rights uh they're
+nbwQTNzragA-01206-00255264-00255439 quite a low percentage of the stem
+nbwQTNzragA-01207-00255440-00255639 students does that suggest it's really
+nbwQTNzragA-01208-00255640-00255823 about preferences and not about social
+nbwQTNzragA-01209-00255823-00255903 constraints
+nbwQTNzragA-01210-00255904-00256094 yeah i think those data are very very
+nbwQTNzragA-01211-00256096-00256239 interesting and i unfortunately
+nbwQTNzragA-01212-00256240-00256558 don't know enough about the situation in
+nbwQTNzragA-01213-00256559-00256751 muslim countries and as i understand it
+nbwQTNzragA-01214-00256752-00256951 it's different in it well naturally it's
+nbwQTNzragA-01215-00256952-00257071 different in different
+nbwQTNzragA-01216-00257071-00257255 countries but that does very strongly
+nbwQTNzragA-01217-00257256-00257455 confirm what i was saying that is
+nbwQTNzragA-01218-00257456-00257846 it's a sort of social social prejudice
+nbwQTNzragA-01219-00257848-00258151 a set a set of cultural beliefs rather
+nbwQTNzragA-01220-00258152-00258206 than an
+nbwQTNzragA-01221-00258207-00258446 intrinsic inability of women to do
+nbwQTNzragA-01222-00258448-00258510 physics
+nbwQTNzragA-01223-00258511-00258846 and as i understand it a lot of uh women
+nbwQTNzragA-01224-00258848-00259223 in arab nations who go in um
+nbwQTNzragA-01225-00259223-00259503 to science at university level then end
+nbwQTNzragA-01226-00259504-00259598 up teaching
+nbwQTNzragA-01227-00259600-00259806 uh other women and i think that's
+nbwQTNzragA-01228-00259807-00259975 something that we could benefit from
+nbwQTNzragA-01229-00259976-00260271 in this country whereas where a lot of a
+nbwQTNzragA-01230-00260271-00260503 lot of the problem starts at school
+nbwQTNzragA-01231-00260504-00260703 that girls aren't well taught and
+nbwQTNzragA-01232-00260704-00260894 they're discouraged from
+nbwQTNzragA-01233-00260896-00261087 carrying out subjects like computer
+nbwQTNzragA-01234-00261088-00261255 science or physics
+nbwQTNzragA-01235-00261256-00261558 in your path to getting a physics phd as
+nbwQTNzragA-01236-00261559-00261758 a woman what was the greatest barrier or
+nbwQTNzragA-01237-00261759-00261910 obstacle you faced
+nbwQTNzragA-01238-00261911-00262239 i haven't got a physics phd i graduated
+nbwQTNzragA-01239-00262240-00262575 in physics and that was at a time when
+nbwQTNzragA-01240-00262576-00262775 because i got a good degree result
+nbwQTNzragA-01241-00262776-00263127 i was offered a position as a phd
+nbwQTNzragA-01242-00263128-00263415 phd student which would be fully funded
+nbwQTNzragA-01243-00263416-00263495 by the government
+nbwQTNzragA-01244-00263496-00263767 life was much better back then and i
+nbwQTNzragA-01245-00263768-00263919 turned it down
+nbwQTNzragA-01246-00263920-00264215 because i didn't want to spend the next
+nbwQTNzragA-01247-00264216-00264303 three years
+nbwQTNzragA-01248-00264304-00264679 in a laboratory fine-tuning instruments
+nbwQTNzragA-01249-00264680-00264719 and
+nbwQTNzragA-01250-00264720-00264975 working out some number to the tenth
+nbwQTNzragA-01251-00264976-00265095 place of decimals
+nbwQTNzragA-01252-00265096-00265382 so i made a positive decision that i was
+nbwQTNzragA-01253-00265383-00265519 bored by physics
+nbwQTNzragA-01254-00265520-00265655 i wasn't very good at the practical
+nbwQTNzragA-01255-00265656-00265830 aspect anyway and
+nbwQTNzragA-01256-00265831-00266023 i wanted to get out in the world and i
+nbwQTNzragA-01257-00266024-00266263 wanted to do something different
+nbwQTNzragA-01258-00266264-00266447 now in one of your interviews you said
+nbwQTNzragA-01259-00266448-00266687 the following this is a quotation
+nbwQTNzragA-01260-00266688-00266871 for example when i first finished
+nbwQTNzragA-01261-00266872-00267055 reading george eliot's middle march in
+nbwQTNzragA-01262-00267056-00267191 my early twenties
+nbwQTNzragA-01263-00267192-00267423 i resolved to live by her concluding
+nbwQTNzragA-01264-00267424-00267575 insight that even
+nbwQTNzragA-01265-00267576-00267863 unhistoric acts small ones that seemed
+nbwQTNzragA-01266-00267864-00268006 within my grasp
+nbwQTNzragA-01267-00268007-00268334 could have cumulative beneficial effects
+nbwQTNzragA-01268-00268335-00268599 how has that decision shaped your life
+nbwQTNzragA-01269-00268600-00268887 oh i think i still try to abide
+nbwQTNzragA-01270-00268888-00269103 by that so for example i was what's
+nbwQTNzragA-01271-00269104-00269287 called the senior tutor of a college
+nbwQTNzragA-01272-00269288-00269351 which is
+nbwQTNzragA-01273-00269352-00269599 so rather like a dean in an america i
+nbwQTNzragA-01274-00269600-00269671 believe
+nbwQTNzragA-01275-00269672-00270006 and i was responsible for the pastoral
+nbwQTNzragA-01276-00270007-00270071 well-being
+nbwQTNzragA-01277-00270072-00270463 and the educational welfare of about
+nbwQTNzragA-01278-00270464-00270887 700 students i think something like that
+nbwQTNzragA-01279-00270888-00271303 each year and the aspect of that work
+nbwQTNzragA-01280-00271304-00271551 that gave me most pleasure and most
+nbwQTNzragA-01281-00271552-00271727 gratification was
+nbwQTNzragA-01282-00271728-00272015 when a student was in deep distress for
+nbwQTNzragA-01283-00272016-00272182 some reason or another
+nbwQTNzragA-01284-00272183-00272471 and i managed to help that individual
+nbwQTNzragA-01285-00272472-00272567 student
+nbwQTNzragA-01286-00272568-00272879 and help them sort of regain their life
+nbwQTNzragA-01287-00272880-00273055 and get back to work and
+nbwQTNzragA-01288-00273056-00273479 become a happy student again and
+nbwQTNzragA-01289-00273480-00273734 that's just i sort of think that's a
+nbwQTNzragA-01290-00273735-00273903 sort of thing that george eliot was
+nbwQTNzragA-01291-00273904-00274030 talking about that i had
+nbwQTNzragA-01292-00274031-00274351 hope that i had a big influence
+nbwQTNzragA-01293-00274352-00274655 on individual lives and
+nbwQTNzragA-01294-00274656-00274871 that was the most rewarding aspect of my
+nbwQTNzragA-01295-00274872-00274991 career
+nbwQTNzragA-01296-00274992-00275303 who first spotted your talent in science
+nbwQTNzragA-01297-00275304-00275703 oh when i was at school um a teacher um
+nbwQTNzragA-01298-00275704-00276055 and i was i
+nbwQTNzragA-01299-00276056-00276391 i think in retrospect it was
+nbwQTNzragA-01300-00276392-00276710 i was at a very competitive girls school
+nbwQTNzragA-01301-00276711-00276943 and i was very very good at science and
+nbwQTNzragA-01302-00276944-00277103 maths uh but i was pretty good at
+nbwQTNzragA-01303-00277104-00277271 english and history as well and i was
+nbwQTNzragA-01304-00277272-00277319 always
+nbwQTNzragA-01305-00277320-00277471 sorry it sounds like i'm boasting but i
+nbwQTNzragA-01306-00277472-00277639 was always no you're supposed to boast
+nbwQTNzragA-01307-00277640-00277743 that's the purpose
+nbwQTNzragA-01308-00277744-00278030 of our last segment okay well i was
+nbwQTNzragA-01309-00278031-00278182 always top of the form there's lots of
+nbwQTNzragA-01310-00278183-00278375 other qualities which i don't have
+nbwQTNzragA-01311-00278376-00278630 but intellectually i was a year younger
+nbwQTNzragA-01312-00278631-00278806 than everybody else and i was at top
+nbwQTNzragA-01313-00278807-00278943 the top of the form so i was a very
+nbwQTNzragA-01314-00278944-00279206 clever person uh intellectually i was
+nbwQTNzragA-01315-00279207-00279351 very clever not in all sorts of other
+nbwQTNzragA-01316-00279352-00279479 ways
+nbwQTNzragA-01317-00279480-00279767 and i because it was a high-powered
+nbwQTNzragA-01318-00279768-00279895 girls school
+nbwQTNzragA-01319-00279896-00280167 i think all the teachers and my parents
+nbwQTNzragA-01320-00280168-00280199 were
+nbwQTNzragA-01321-00280200-00280415 absolutely delighted that they had a a
+nbwQTNzragA-01322-00280416-00280615 girl a teenage girl
+nbwQTNzragA-01323-00280616-00280823 who was very very good at science and
+nbwQTNzragA-01324-00280824-00280991 obviously could succeed
+nbwQTNzragA-01325-00280992-00281279 and i also steered in to studying
+nbwQTNzragA-01326-00281280-00281367 science
+nbwQTNzragA-01327-00281368-00281671 without anybody including me
+nbwQTNzragA-01328-00281672-00281910 seriously questioning whether that was
+nbwQTNzragA-01329-00281911-00282119 what i actually wanted to do
+nbwQTNzragA-01330-00282120-00282334 and i was very intellectually competent
+nbwQTNzragA-01331-00282335-00282527 so i passed all my exams and i went to
+nbwQTNzragA-01332-00282528-00282782 oxford and i got a very good degree
+nbwQTNzragA-01333-00282783-00283175 but i'm far happier now now that i'm
+nbwQTNzragA-01334-00283176-00283527 as i've undertaken a historical subject
+nbwQTNzragA-01335-00283528-00283671 and i'm more on the sort of art
+nbwQTNzragA-01336-00283672-00283863 side and perhaps that's what what i
+nbwQTNzragA-01337-00283864-00284030 should have done when i was at school
+nbwQTNzragA-01338-00284031-00284095 but
+nbwQTNzragA-01339-00284096-00284334 no one ever knows that at the time why
+nbwQTNzragA-01340-00284335-00284551 is it you think you didn't suffer from
+nbwQTNzragA-01341-00284552-00284719 so much of what is sometimes called a
+nbwQTNzragA-01342-00284720-00284927 gender confidence gap
+nbwQTNzragA-01343-00284928-00285279 oh i did enormously um i mean i'm much
+nbwQTNzragA-01344-00285280-00285463 older now i've sort of slightly had time
+nbwQTNzragA-01345-00285464-00285519 to get
+nbwQTNzragA-01346-00285520-00285823 over it but yes i was hugely
+nbwQTNzragA-01347-00285824-00286039 unconfident not so much when i was at
+nbwQTNzragA-01348-00286040-00286151 university
+nbwQTNzragA-01349-00286152-00286423 but after i left university what i
+nbwQTNzragA-01350-00286424-00286606 discovered was that
+nbwQTNzragA-01351-00286607-00286934 um i should never ever admit
+nbwQTNzragA-01352-00286935-00287175 that i had a degree in physics from
+nbwQTNzragA-01353-00287176-00287263 oxford
+nbwQTNzragA-01354-00287264-00287471 because if i was at a nightclub or a
+nbwQTNzragA-01355-00287472-00287615 party or something
+nbwQTNzragA-01356-00287616-00287910 there would soon be this big empty space
+nbwQTNzragA-01357-00287911-00288023 around me
+nbwQTNzragA-01358-00288024-00288382 and i i felt i at that time
+nbwQTNzragA-01359-00288383-00288623 there was a double image i i was being
+nbwQTNzragA-01360-00288624-00288775 encouraged to succeed
+nbwQTNzragA-01361-00288776-00289087 intellectually as a scientist but i
+nbwQTNzragA-01362-00289088-00289295 also there was still that older role
+nbwQTNzragA-01363-00289296-00289543 model that i had to be the perfect wife
+nbwQTNzragA-01364-00289544-00289775 and the perfect mother and i had to have
+nbwQTNzragA-01365-00289776-00290015 my nail varnish all sorted out and so
+nbwQTNzragA-01366-00290016-00290134 there was this double
+nbwQTNzragA-01367-00290135-00290295 role model and i was sort of trying to
+nbwQTNzragA-01368-00290296-00290487 fill both and i felt that i was
+nbwQTNzragA-01369-00290488-00290654 fulfilling neither
+nbwQTNzragA-01370-00290655-00290839 and i don't think it was really until my
+nbwQTNzragA-01371-00290840-00291030 40s or 50s that i started feeling
+nbwQTNzragA-01372-00291031-00291175 confident
+nbwQTNzragA-01373-00291176-00291415 are you a fan of segregated single sex
+nbwQTNzragA-01374-00291416-00291487 education
+nbwQTNzragA-01375-00291488-00291815 like girl schools uh no i'm not
+nbwQTNzragA-01376-00291816-00292079 and there are still uh a couple of
+nbwQTNzragA-01377-00292080-00292254 colleges at cambridge
+nbwQTNzragA-01378-00292255-00292599 uh which are single sex and i have been
+nbwQTNzragA-01379-00292600-00292815 quite consistently outspoken about
+nbwQTNzragA-01380-00292816-00292903 saying
+nbwQTNzragA-01381-00292904-00293134 that i personally think that that's
+nbwQTNzragA-01382-00293135-00293247 wrong
+nbwQTNzragA-01383-00293248-00293623 for junior high school um
+nbwQTNzragA-01384-00293624-00293919 no i think i think um i think education
+nbwQTNzragA-01385-00293920-00294015 should be mixed
+nbwQTNzragA-01386-00294016-00294303 all the way up i think we've just got to
+nbwQTNzragA-01387-00294304-00294487 we're never going to get away
+nbwQTNzragA-01388-00294488-00294679 from gender discrimination if we keep
+nbwQTNzragA-01389-00294680-00294799 separating
+nbwQTNzragA-01390-00294800-00294975 uh people and we've got to bring them
+nbwQTNzragA-01391-00294976-00295143 together i mean i think
+nbwQTNzragA-01392-00295144-00295358 achieving gender equality isn't just a
+nbwQTNzragA-01393-00295359-00295606 matter of improving the position of
+nbwQTNzragA-01394-00295607-00295663 women
+nbwQTNzragA-01395-00295664-00295919 we've also got to change the attitude of
+nbwQTNzragA-01396-00295920-00295982 men
+nbwQTNzragA-01397-00295983-00296254 uh and the attitude of men and women uh
+nbwQTNzragA-01398-00296255-00296382 towards their lives
+nbwQTNzragA-01399-00296383-00296623 and towards work and that's one of the
+nbwQTNzragA-01400-00296624-00296703 things
+nbwQTNzragA-01401-00296704-00296895 i find it wonderful when i walk around
+nbwQTNzragA-01402-00296896-00297039 cambridge now
+nbwQTNzragA-01403-00297040-00297310 and i see young fathers taking their
+nbwQTNzragA-01404-00297311-00297503 children to school or playing with their
+nbwQTNzragA-01405-00297504-00297599 children
+nbwQTNzragA-01406-00297600-00297871 and i think that's a cooperative
+nbwQTNzragA-01407-00297872-00298023 parental approach
+nbwQTNzragA-01408-00298024-00298247 towards their children is fantastic it's
+nbwQTNzragA-01409-00298248-00298415 wonderful for the children
+nbwQTNzragA-01410-00298416-00298623 and it is also very rewarding for the
+nbwQTNzragA-01411-00298624-00298767 parents as well
+nbwQTNzragA-01412-00298768-00299006 for both parents particularly the father
+nbwQTNzragA-01413-00299007-00299191 and i think we've got to get away from
+nbwQTNzragA-01414-00299192-00299334 this idea that work
+nbwQTNzragA-01415-00299335-00299606 is what really matters because it's life
+nbwQTNzragA-01416-00299607-00299743 that matters and
+nbwQTNzragA-01417-00299744-00299910 how happy you are that's far more
+nbwQTNzragA-01418-00299911-00300134 important than what work you managed to
+nbwQTNzragA-01419-00300135-00300239 do
+nbwQTNzragA-01420-00300240-00300454 how did your startup experience teach
+nbwQTNzragA-01421-00300455-00300703 you how to write
+nbwQTNzragA-01422-00300704-00300991 my startup experience yes well you talk
+nbwQTNzragA-01423-00300992-00301143 about this in one of your interviews
+nbwQTNzragA-01424-00301144-00301230 that you
+nbwQTNzragA-01425-00301231-00301495 had a small within the family tech
+nbwQTNzragA-01426-00301496-00301623 company of sorts
+nbwQTNzragA-01427-00301624-00301758 and you had to do writing for the
+nbwQTNzragA-01428-00301759-00301951 company right yeah okay
+nbwQTNzragA-01429-00301952-00302343 so i um i my husband and i
+nbwQTNzragA-01430-00302344-00302758 very foolishly probably in our early 20s
+nbwQTNzragA-01431-00302759-00303030 both left our work and we set up a small
+nbwQTNzragA-01432-00303031-00303110 company
+nbwQTNzragA-01433-00303111-00303439 making educational uh material
+nbwQTNzragA-01434-00303440-00303815 about statistics and about computers and
+nbwQTNzragA-01435-00303816-00304079 my role in that was to write the scripts
+nbwQTNzragA-01436-00304080-00304295 so i had to
+nbwQTNzragA-01437-00304296-00304575 translate some quite complex ideas about
+nbwQTNzragA-01438-00304576-00304710 computer programming
+nbwQTNzragA-01439-00304711-00304903 and about statistics which i already
+nbwQTNzragA-01440-00304904-00305110 knew about them but i had to translate
+nbwQTNzragA-01441-00305111-00305215 them into
+nbwQTNzragA-01442-00305216-00305534 very simple phrases and each one had to
+nbwQTNzragA-01443-00305535-00305751 be matched to an illustration
+nbwQTNzragA-01444-00305752-00305919 and i think that's probably why i have
+nbwQTNzragA-01445-00305920-00306110 so many images in my book because we
+nbwQTNzragA-01446-00306111-00306230 were making what
+nbwQTNzragA-01447-00306231-00306367 they don't exist now but they were
+nbwQTNzragA-01448-00306368-00306543 called tape slide programs
+nbwQTNzragA-01449-00306544-00306830 the 35 millimeter slides that was
+nbwQTNzragA-01450-00306831-00306982 synchronized with a
+nbwQTNzragA-01451-00306983-00307230 tape cassette so you had to present an
+nbwQTNzragA-01452-00307231-00307310 image
+nbwQTNzragA-01453-00307311-00307599 and an idea together in very simple
+nbwQTNzragA-01454-00307600-00307767 basic terms and i think that was
+nbwQTNzragA-01455-00307768-00307895 fantastic
+nbwQTNzragA-01456-00307896-00308239 intellectual training what do we need to
+nbwQTNzragA-01457-00308240-00308382 do then to produce
+nbwQTNzragA-01458-00308383-00308623 more highly intelligent popular writers
+nbwQTNzragA-01459-00308624-00308830 on science
+nbwQTNzragA-01460-00308831-00309039 um if you needed to learn to write that
+nbwQTNzragA-01461-00309040-00309206 way that suggests it's pretty hard
+nbwQTNzragA-01462-00309207-00309527 to get more through the pipeline well um
+nbwQTNzragA-01463-00309528-00309799 my remedy naturally would be to teach
+nbwQTNzragA-01464-00309800-00309991 teach them all history of science
+nbwQTNzragA-01465-00309992-00310247 and the latest book i don't know i
+nbwQTNzragA-01466-00310248-00310439 assume it's come out in america
+nbwQTNzragA-01467-00310440-00310806 uh merlin sheldrake's entangled lives
+nbwQTNzragA-01468-00310807-00311127 he was one of my students and he did
+nbwQTNzragA-01469-00311128-00311271 history of science when he was at
+nbwQTNzragA-01470-00311272-00311358 cambridge
+nbwQTNzragA-01471-00311359-00311719 and he is an excellent example of how
+nbwQTNzragA-01472-00311720-00311910 someone who studied his history of
+nbwQTNzragA-01473-00311911-00312054 science can also
+nbwQTNzragA-01474-00312055-00312282 be a brilliant scientist and a brilliant
+nbwQTNzragA-01475-00312283-00312415 writer
+nbwQTNzragA-01476-00312416-00312606 what do you find most rewarding in the
+nbwQTNzragA-01477-00312607-00312767 visual arts because your writing is
+nbwQTNzragA-01478-00312768-00312895 suffused with images
+nbwQTNzragA-01479-00312896-00313454 as are your talks um i think
+nbwQTNzragA-01480-00313455-00313654 pictures are very important pictures
+nbwQTNzragA-01481-00313655-00313799 include a huge
+nbwQTNzragA-01482-00313800-00314039 amount of information there's a many
+nbwQTNzragA-01483-00314040-00314158 types of information
+nbwQTNzragA-01484-00314159-00314519 can only be communicated visually
+nbwQTNzragA-01485-00314520-00314734 it's just personally i love going to art
+nbwQTNzragA-01486-00314735-00314854 galleries and i've
+nbwQTNzragA-01487-00314855-00315127 i found founded a very rewarding way of
+nbwQTNzragA-01488-00315128-00315303 teaching because if you
+nbwQTNzragA-01489-00315304-00315471 um if you at the beginning of the
+nbwQTNzragA-01490-00315472-00315695 academic year uh you've got a group of
+nbwQTNzragA-01491-00315696-00315847 students and they're all very
+nbwQTNzragA-01492-00315848-00316030 nervous not just of me they're nervous
+nbwQTNzragA-01493-00316031-00316143 of each other they don't want to
+nbwQTNzragA-01494-00316144-00316287 embarrass themselves in front of the
+nbwQTNzragA-01495-00316288-00316391 other students
+nbwQTNzragA-01496-00316392-00316687 so if i show them a picture everybody
+nbwQTNzragA-01497-00316688-00316743 can say
+nbwQTNzragA-01498-00316744-00316934 something about a picture they can say
+nbwQTNzragA-01499-00316935-00317071 well
+nbwQTNzragA-01500-00317072-00317254 that that's a man and a woman sitting at
+nbwQTNzragA-01501-00317255-00317399 a table um
+nbwQTNzragA-01502-00317400-00317671 and by en encouraging them to explore
+nbwQTNzragA-01503-00317672-00317767 the picture
+nbwQTNzragA-01504-00317768-00318087 more and more ideas come out and
+nbwQTNzragA-01505-00318088-00318319 i think it's a very helpful way to start
+nbwQTNzragA-01506-00318320-00318527 a science to start a conversation about
+nbwQTNzragA-01507-00318528-00318663 what's happening and
+nbwQTNzragA-01508-00318664-00318951 what all the subtexts are and what all
+nbwQTNzragA-01509-00318952-00319063 the symbols are
+nbwQTNzragA-01510-00319064-00319391 and it's how if you go back uh
+nbwQTNzragA-01511-00319392-00319671 to the renaissance of the 17th century
+nbwQTNzragA-01512-00319672-00319719 it was
+nbwQTNzragA-01513-00319720-00319999 traditional that the frontis piece of a
+nbwQTNzragA-01514-00320000-00320103 book
+nbwQTNzragA-01515-00320104-00320367 the image at the opposite the title page
+nbwQTNzragA-01516-00320368-00320503 the frontiers piece
+nbwQTNzragA-01517-00320504-00320879 carried a visual summary of the argument
+nbwQTNzragA-01518-00320880-00321103 of the whole book that was true i
+nbwQTNzragA-01519-00321104-00321319 suppose the latest famous example was in
+nbwQTNzragA-01520-00321320-00321510 the middle of the 19th century
+nbwQTNzragA-01521-00321511-00321871 charles lyle's famous book on geology
+nbwQTNzragA-01522-00321872-00322206 it had a frontispiece about the temple
+nbwQTNzragA-01523-00322207-00322334 of serapis and that
+nbwQTNzragA-01524-00322335-00322695 summarized his whole theory about the
+nbwQTNzragA-01525-00322696-00322943 temples sinking and rising so on the
+nbwQTNzragA-01526-00322944-00323095 pillars of the temple
+nbwQTNzragA-01527-00323096-00323319 you could see boreholes from the marine
+nbwQTNzragA-01528-00323320-00323519 organisms where it had been submerged
+nbwQTNzragA-01529-00323520-00323606 below the
+nbwQTNzragA-01530-00323607-00323934 below the waters so i i think that's
+nbwQTNzragA-01531-00323935-00324199 a an old tradition to summarize an
+nbwQTNzragA-01532-00324200-00324382 argument in pictures and i think perhaps
+nbwQTNzragA-01533-00324383-00324591 it's one we could valuably get back to
+nbwQTNzragA-01534-00324592-00324806 who is the greatest female illustrator
+nbwQTNzragA-01535-00324807-00325647 of science
+nbwQTNzragA-01536-00325648-00325910 she was married to antoine lavoisier who
+nbwQTNzragA-01537-00325911-00326119 was the french chemist who
+nbwQTNzragA-01538-00326120-00326343 introduced a lot of the symbols that
+nbwQTNzragA-01539-00326344-00326519 we've got today he introduced the idea
+nbwQTNzragA-01540-00326520-00326639 that you have
+nbwQTNzragA-01541-00326640-00326839 an equation in chemistry and all the
+nbwQTNzragA-01542-00326840-00326967 weights have to be the same
+nbwQTNzragA-01543-00326968-00327327 on both sides and when they got married
+nbwQTNzragA-01544-00327328-00327615 she was only 13 and the first thing she
+nbwQTNzragA-01545-00327616-00327815 did was learn english
+nbwQTNzragA-01546-00327816-00328054 which he never did so she was absolutely
+nbwQTNzragA-01547-00328055-00328191 essential
+nbwQTNzragA-01548-00328192-00328351 in his work with all the english
+nbwQTNzragA-01549-00328352-00328582 chemists and the people like benjamin
+nbwQTNzragA-01550-00328583-00328751 franklin from the states and joseph
+nbwQTNzragA-01551-00328752-00328830 priestley
+nbwQTNzragA-01552-00328831-00329158 from english and he published a big book
+nbwQTNzragA-01553-00329159-00329471 it's a revolutionary book of chemistry
+nbwQTNzragA-01554-00329472-00329582 it was published
+nbwQTNzragA-01555-00329583-00330167 um during the french revolution
+nbwQTNzragA-01556-00330168-00330478 no please okay uh he he published a book
+nbwQTNzragA-01557-00330479-00330543 which is
+nbwQTNzragA-01558-00330544-00330703 commonly regarded as a very
+nbwQTNzragA-01559-00330704-00330903 revolutionary book it's regarded as a
+nbwQTNzragA-01560-00330904-00330982 foundation
+nbwQTNzragA-01561-00330983-00331358 of modern chemistry and it's got 12
+nbwQTNzragA-01562-00331359-00331671 plates in it and
+nbwQTNzragA-01563-00331672-00332030 each of those plates an instrument and
+nbwQTNzragA-01564-00332031-00332182 takes it apart
+nbwQTNzragA-01565-00332183-00332527 so that somebody who reads a book in
+nbwQTNzragA-01566-00332528-00332687 berlin or new york or
+nbwQTNzragA-01567-00332688-00332958 london could replicate lavoisier's
+nbwQTNzragA-01568-00332959-00333039 results
+nbwQTNzragA-01569-00333040-00333278 precisely and build an instrument that
+nbwQTNzragA-01570-00333279-00333423 was exactly the same
+nbwQTNzragA-01571-00333424-00333703 as the one that he was using and she
+nbwQTNzragA-01572-00333704-00333758 drew
+nbwQTNzragA-01573-00333759-00334047 all those plates but she also there's a
+nbwQTNzragA-01574-00334048-00334230 famous portrait of them it's in the
+nbwQTNzragA-01575-00334231-00334463 metropolitan in new york
+nbwQTNzragA-01576-00334464-00334743 a big portrait a double portrait of the
+nbwQTNzragA-01577-00334744-00334903 lavoisier couple
+nbwQTNzragA-01578-00334904-00335119 and on his side of the picture there's
+nbwQTNzragA-01579-00335120-00335358 lots of glass instruments and bowls and
+nbwQTNzragA-01580-00335359-00335439 tubes
+nbwQTNzragA-01581-00335440-00335671 and on her side of the picture she's
+nbwQTNzragA-01582-00335672-00335863 looking very beautiful and glamorous
+nbwQTNzragA-01583-00335864-00336039 but on her side of the picture there's a
+nbwQTNzragA-01584-00336040-00336239 big portfolio
+nbwQTNzragA-01585-00336240-00336567 and she was an art student and she
+nbwQTNzragA-01586-00336568-00336758 learned from david the man who painted
+nbwQTNzragA-01587-00336759-00336934 the double portrait
+nbwQTNzragA-01588-00336935-00337223 and all her illustrations her sketches
+nbwQTNzragA-01589-00337224-00337423 still survive at cornell university in
+nbwQTNzragA-01590-00337424-00337639 the archive
+nbwQTNzragA-01591-00337640-00337967 and there's pictures of her
+nbwQTNzragA-01592-00337968-00338175 made by her showing her husband's
+nbwQTNzragA-01593-00338176-00338287 laboratory
+nbwQTNzragA-01594-00338288-00338558 and she shows herself sitting in the
+nbwQTNzragA-01595-00338559-00338710 middle of the laboratory
+nbwQTNzragA-01596-00338711-00338854 and she's writing down all the
+nbwQTNzragA-01597-00338855-00339078 observations and she's very very much
+nbwQTNzragA-01598-00339079-00339391 involved in the scientific work so
+nbwQTNzragA-01599-00339392-00339454 there's
+nbwQTNzragA-01600-00339455-00339710 two different kinds of illustration that
+nbwQTNzragA-01601-00339711-00339863 she did one one was the
+nbwQTNzragA-01602-00339864-00340095 technical illustrations for the book and
+nbwQTNzragA-01603-00340096-00340254 the other was this illustration
+nbwQTNzragA-01604-00340255-00340630 showing showing science not as the sole
+nbwQTNzragA-01605-00340631-00340910 product of lavoisier's brain but as a
+nbwQTNzragA-01606-00340911-00341127 collective work there's about 10 people
+nbwQTNzragA-01607-00341128-00341223 in the picture
+nbwQTNzragA-01608-00341224-00341495 and it includes her as a woman right at
+nbwQTNzragA-01609-00341496-00341758 the center of the world science
+nbwQTNzragA-01610-00341759-00341927 and for botany who is an important
+nbwQTNzragA-01611-00341928-00342134 illustrator
+nbwQTNzragA-01612-00342135-00342375 who who or so who was an important
+nbwQTNzragA-01613-00342376-00342534 illustrator for the development of the
+nbwQTNzragA-01614-00342535-00342695 science of botany
+nbwQTNzragA-01615-00342696-00342999 oh for botany um forgive my american
+nbwQTNzragA-01616-00343000-00343078 accent
+nbwQTNzragA-01617-00343079-00343687 so sorry um an important illustration
+nbwQTNzragA-01618-00343688-00344063 uh well uh one of them uh was a 17th
+nbwQTNzragA-01619-00344064-00344254 century dutch woman
+nbwQTNzragA-01620-00344255-00344582 called maria sebilla
+nbwQTNzragA-01621-00344583-00344871 marianne and she was an extraordinary
+nbwQTNzragA-01622-00344872-00344919 woman
+nbwQTNzragA-01623-00344920-00345263 who went out to the east indies
+nbwQTNzragA-01624-00345264-00345487 um on her own either on her own or with
+nbwQTNzragA-01625-00345488-00345654 her daughter i can't remember
+nbwQTNzragA-01626-00345655-00345910 and she painted the most wonderful
+nbwQTNzragA-01627-00345911-00346078 pictures of
+nbwQTNzragA-01628-00346079-00346423 butterflies and plants and insects
+nbwQTNzragA-01629-00346424-00346647 so she i think she was a very important
+nbwQTNzragA-01630-00346648-00346775 illustrator
+nbwQTNzragA-01631-00346776-00347054 her works were collected by queen
+nbwQTNzragA-01632-00347055-00347215 charlotte who was the wife
+nbwQTNzragA-01633-00347216-00347567 of king george iii and she
+nbwQTNzragA-01634-00347568-00347799 did a great deal to promote the science
+nbwQTNzragA-01635-00347800-00347895 of botany
+nbwQTNzragA-01636-00347896-00348103 amongst women at the end of the 18th
+nbwQTNzragA-01637-00348104-00348254 century
+nbwQTNzragA-01638-00348255-00348510 last two questions first what is your
+nbwQTNzragA-01639-00348511-00348623 most effective
+nbwQTNzragA-01640-00348624-00349015 unusual work habit
+nbwQTNzragA-01641-00349016-00349327 my most effective and usual um
+nbwQTNzragA-01642-00349328-00349671 well someone
+nbwQTNzragA-01643-00349672-00349975 people who stayed with me have in
+nbwQTNzragA-01644-00349976-00350167 my house have told me that i have a
+nbwQTNzragA-01645-00350168-00350399 habit of which i was completely unaware
+nbwQTNzragA-01646-00350400-00350591 that i sit upstairs where i'm sitting
+nbwQTNzragA-01647-00350592-00350847 now in my study and i sort of work on my
+nbwQTNzragA-01648-00350848-00351023 computer and then about every half an
+nbwQTNzragA-01649-00351024-00351078 hour
+nbwQTNzragA-01650-00351079-00351343 there's an enormous bang and i stamp
+nbwQTNzragA-01651-00351344-00351430 around the room
+nbwQTNzragA-01652-00351431-00351671 swearing and the people in the house are
+nbwQTNzragA-01653-00351672-00351806 terribly worried that something has gone
+nbwQTNzragA-01654-00351807-00351919 awfully wrong
+nbwQTNzragA-01655-00351920-00352151 and then i get back to work and
+nbwQTNzragA-01656-00352152-00352367 everything resumes as usual for the next
+nbwQTNzragA-01657-00352368-00352503 half an hour and then it all happens
+nbwQTNzragA-01658-00352504-00352558 again
+nbwQTNzragA-01659-00352559-00352806 i was completely unaware that i did that
+nbwQTNzragA-01660-00352807-00352871 until
+nbwQTNzragA-01661-00352872-00353030 several people have told me that i do
+nbwQTNzragA-01662-00353031-00353223 but it seems to work
+nbwQTNzragA-01663-00353224-00353415 and last question your book about isaac
+nbwQTNzragA-01664-00353416-00353599 newton and again the title is
+nbwQTNzragA-01665-00353600-00353815 life after gravity that's coming out
+nbwQTNzragA-01666-00353816-00353958 soon it is finished
+nbwQTNzragA-01667-00353959-00354182 i recommend it highly but after that
+nbwQTNzragA-01668-00354183-00354423 what will you be doing next
+nbwQTNzragA-01669-00354424-00354734 um i've got several projects one is i
+nbwQTNzragA-01670-00354735-00354934 would like to write a book
+nbwQTNzragA-01671-00354935-00355263 about caricatures um so
+nbwQTNzragA-01672-00355264-00355575 my ideal project would be to have a
+nbwQTNzragA-01673-00355576-00355815 set of about 50 caricatures by people
+nbwQTNzragA-01674-00355816-00355999 like william hogarth or
+nbwQTNzragA-01675-00356000-00356391 um gilray which are satires
+nbwQTNzragA-01676-00356392-00356630 on science and to accompany each
+nbwQTNzragA-01677-00356631-00356758 caricature with about
+nbwQTNzragA-01678-00356759-00357006 a thousand words explaining what the
+nbwQTNzragA-01679-00357007-00357143 joke is because we've lost
+nbwQTNzragA-01680-00357144-00357319 touch with it so for example one of the
+nbwQTNzragA-01681-00357320-00357471 most famous is
+nbwQTNzragA-01682-00357472-00357775 which is seems relevant today is that
+nbwQTNzragA-01683-00357776-00357830 when
+nbwQTNzragA-01684-00357831-00358103 jenna introduced smallpox vaccination at
+nbwQTNzragA-01685-00358104-00358319 the end of the 18th century
+nbwQTNzragA-01686-00358320-00358591 everybody was absolutely terrified um
+nbwQTNzragA-01687-00358592-00358647 that
+nbwQTNzragA-01688-00358648-00358839 what about what effects that would have
+nbwQTNzragA-01689-00358840-00358958 on the human body
+nbwQTNzragA-01690-00358959-00359158 and gilray did a very uh famous
+nbwQTNzragA-01691-00359159-00359263 caricature
+nbwQTNzragA-01692-00359264-00359454 of all the patients in the clinics
+nbwQTNzragA-01693-00359455-00359695 sprouting horns and turning into cows
+nbwQTNzragA-01694-00359696-00359967 because the vaccine was taken was based
+nbwQTNzragA-01695-00359968-00359999 on
+nbwQTNzragA-01696-00360000-00360303 cowpox so that's just one very obvious
+nbwQTNzragA-01697-00360304-00360415 example there were a lot of
+nbwQTNzragA-01698-00360416-00360630 caricatures about charles darwin for
+nbwQTNzragA-01699-00360631-00360854 example representing him
+nbwQTNzragA-01700-00360855-00361143 as an ape because what he dared to do
+nbwQTNzragA-01701-00361144-00361287 was bring together
+nbwQTNzragA-01702-00361288-00361606 animal life and human life
+nbwQTNzragA-01703-00361607-00361903 so i um well there's another famous one
+nbwQTNzragA-01704-00361904-00361982 of
+nbwQTNzragA-01705-00361983-00362263 marie curie who's um and she's with her
+nbwQTNzragA-01706-00362264-00362351 husband
+nbwQTNzragA-01707-00362352-00362551 and it's so typical that her husband
+nbwQTNzragA-01708-00362552-00362878 pierre is holding up this tube of radium
+nbwQTNzragA-01709-00362879-00363015 chloride and it's
+nbwQTNzragA-01710-00363016-00363230 shining out on his forehead as though he
+nbwQTNzragA-01711-00363231-00363382 were the genius
+nbwQTNzragA-01712-00363383-00363671 and she's dressed very demurely and
+nbwQTNzragA-01713-00363672-00363878 timidly and she's hiding behind her back
+nbwQTNzragA-01714-00363879-00364023 so it's giving him
+nbwQTNzragA-01715-00364024-00364230 all the credit for this discovery was
+nbwQTNzragA-01716-00364231-00364430 actually it was her work
+nbwQTNzragA-01717-00364431-00364703 um it was her project um and she was in
+nbwQTNzragA-01718-00364704-00364830 charge of uh
+nbwQTNzragA-01719-00364831-00365175 radiation patricia farah
+nbwQTNzragA-01720-00365176-00365783 thank you very much well thank you
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00000-00000052-00000273 medieval Latin was the form of Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00001-00000274-00000498 used in Roman Catholic Western Europe
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00002-00000499-00000771 during the Middle Ages in this region it
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00003-00000772-00000953 served as the primary written language
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00004-00000954-00001169 the local languages were also written to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00005-00001170-00001273 varying degrees
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00006-00001274-00001523 Latin functioned as the main medium of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00007-00001524-00001709 scholarly exchange as the liturgical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00008-00001710-00001889 language of the church and as the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00009-00001891-00002079 working language of science literature
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00010-00002080-00002426 law and administration medieval Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00011-00002427-00002642 represented in essence an attempt to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00012-00002643-00002852 continue classical Latin and late Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00013-00002853-00003048 with enhancements for new concepts as
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00014-00003049-00003219 well as for the increasing integration
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00015-00003220-00003326 of Christianity
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00016-00003327-00003570 despite some meaningful differences from
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00017-00003571-00003797 classical Latin medieval writers did not
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00018-00003799-00003951 regard it as a fundamentally different
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00019-00003952-00004260 language there is no real consensus on
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00020-00004261-00004482 the exact boundary where late latin ends
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00021-00004483-00004770 and medieval latin begins some scholarly
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00022-00004771-00004970 surveys begin with the rise of early
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00023-00004971-00005169 ecclesiastical latin in the middle of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00024-00005170-00005418 the fourth century others around 500 and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00025-00005419-00005583 still others with the replacement of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00026-00005584-00005760 written late latin by written Romance
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00027-00005761-00005996 languages starting around the Year 900
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00028-00005997-00006237 the terms medieval Latin and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00029-00006238-00006438 ecclesiastical latin are often used
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00030-00006439-00006635 synonymously though some scholars draw
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00031-00006636-00006959 distinctions ecclesiastical latin refers
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00032-00006960-00007148 specifically to the form that has been
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00033-00007150-00007338 used by the roman catholic church
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00034-00007339-00007512 whereas medieval latin refers more
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00035-00007513-00007701 broadly to all of the written forms of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00036-00007702-00007941 latin used in the Middle Ages the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00037-00007942-00008148 Romance languages spoken in the Middle
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00038-00008148-00008345 Ages were often referred to as Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00039-00008346-00008534 since the Romance languages were all
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00040-00008535-00008777 descended from classical or Roman Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00041-00008778-00009128 itself
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00042-00009129-00009658 topic influences
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00043-00009659-00010156 topic Christian Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00044-00010157-00010363 medieval Latin had an enlarged
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00045-00010364-00010576 vocabulary which freely borrowed from
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00046-00010577-00010861 other sources it was heavily influenced
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00047-00010862-00011020 by the language of the Vulgate which
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00048-00011021-00011242 contained many peculiarities alien to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00049-00011243-00011431 classical Latin that resulted from a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00050-00011432-00011635 more or less direct translation from
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00051-00011636-00011794 Greek and Hebrew the peculiarities
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00052-00011795-00012001 mirrored the original not only in its
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00053-00012002-00012226 vocabulary but also in its grammar and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00054-00012227-00012493 syntax Greek provided much of the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00055-00012494-00012766 technical vocabulary of Christianity the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00056-00012767-00012994 various Germanic languages spoken by the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00057-00012994-00013188 Germanic tribes who invaded southern
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00058-00013190-00013411 Europe were also major sources of new
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00059-00013412-00013713 words Germanic leaders became the rulers
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00060-00013715-00013900 of parts of the Roman Empire that they
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00061-00013901-00014088 conquered and words from their languages
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00062-00014090-00014257 were freely imported into the vocabulary
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00063-00014258-00014563 of law other more ordinary words were
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00064-00014563-00014752 replaced by coinages from Vulgar Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00065-00014753-00014950 or Germanic sources because the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00066-00014951-00015207 classical words had fallen into disuse
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00067-00015208-00015475 Latin was also spread to areas such as
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00068-00015476-00015663 Ireland and Germany where Romance
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00069-00015665-00015868 languages were not spoken and which had
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00070-00015869-00016138 never known Roman rule works written in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00071-00016138-00016309 those lands where Latin was a learned
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00072-00016310-00016534 language having no relation to the local
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00073-00016535-00016705 vernacular also influenced the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00074-00016706-00016965 vocabulary and syntax of medieval Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00075-00016966-00017209 since subjects like science and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00076-00017210-00017422 philosophy including argumentation
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00077-00017423-00017602 theory and ethics pre-law were
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00078-00017603-00017782 communicated in Latin the Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00079-00017783-00017965 vocabulary that developed for them
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00080-00017966-00018118 became the source of a great many
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00081-00018119-00018330 technical words in modern languages
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00082-00018331-00018591 English words like abstract subject
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00083-00018592-00018835 communicate matter probable and their
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00084-00018836-00019018 cognates in other european languages
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00085-00019019-00019197 generally have the meanings given to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00086-00019198-00019630 them in medieval Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00087-00019631-00020060 topic Vulgar Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00088-00020061-00020309 the influence of vulgar latin was also
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00089-00020310-00020501 apparent in the syntax of some medieval
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00090-00020502-00020717 latin writers although classical latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00091-00020718-00020909 continued to be held in high esteem and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00092-00020910-00021047 studied as models for literary
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00093-00021048-00021305 compositions the high point of the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00094-00021306-00021476 development of medieval latin as a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00095-00021477-00021635 literary language came with the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00096-00021636-00021830 Carolingian Renaissance a rebirth of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00097-00021831-00021995 learning kindled under the patronage of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00098-00021996-00022292 Charlemagne king of the Franks Al Cohen
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00099-00022293-00022514 was Charlemagne's Latin secretary and an
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00100-00022515-00022706 important writer in his own right his
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00101-00022707-00022892 influence led to a rebirth of Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00102-00022893-00023042 literature and learning after the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00103-00023043-00023222 depressed period following the final
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00104-00023223-00023402 disintegration of the authority of the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00105-00023403-00023690 Western Roman Empire although it was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00106-00023691-00023873 simultaneously developing into the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00107-00023874-00024101 Romance languages Latin itself remained
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00108-00024102-00024314 very conservative as it was no longer a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00109-00024315-00024461 native language and there were many
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00110-00024462-00024656 ancient and medieval grammar books to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00111-00024657-00024919 give one standard form on the other hand
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00112-00024920-00025121 strictly speaking there was no single
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00113-00025122-00025421 form of medieval Latin every Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00114-00025422-00025609 author in the medieval period spoke
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00115-00025610-00025817 Latin as a second language with varying
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00116-00025818-00026038 degrees of fluency and syntax grammar
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00117-00026039-00026327 and vocabulary however were often
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00118-00026327-00026480 influenced by an author's native
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00119-00026481-00026726 language this was especially true
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00120-00026727-00026927 beginning around the 12th century after
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00121-00026927-00027098 which the language became increasingly
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00122-00027099-00027320 adulterated late medieval latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00123-00027320-00027508 documents written by French speakers
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00124-00027510-00027698 tend to show similarities to medieval
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00125-00027699-00027917 French grammar and vocabulary those
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00126-00027918-00028070 written by Germans tend to show
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00127-00028070-00028361 similarities to German etc for instance
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00128-00028362-00028580 rather than following the classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00129-00028581-00028777 Latin practice of generally placing the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00130-00028779-00028961 verb at the end medieval writers would
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00131-00028962-00029126 often follow the conventions of their
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00132-00029127-00029279 own native language instead
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00133-00029280-00029522 whereas Latin had no definite or
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00134-00029523-00029705 indefinite articles medieval writers
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00135-00029706-00029936 sometimes used forms of Yunus as an
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00136-00029937-00030122 indefinite article and forms of ill
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00137-00030123-00030289 reflecting usage in the Romance
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00138-00030291-00030502 languages as a definite article or even
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00139-00030504-00030789 quidam meaning a certain one thing in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00140-00030791-00031021 classical latin as something like an
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00141-00031022-00031304 article unlike classical latin where se
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00142-00031305-00031604 to be was the only auxiliary verb
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00143-00031605-00031802 medieval latin writers might use habour
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00144-00031802-00032108 to have as an auxiliary similar to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00145-00032108-00032306 constructions in Germanic and Romance
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00146-00032307-00032606 languages the accusative and infinitive
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00147-00032607-00032801 construction in classical Latin was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00148-00032802-00032990 often replaced by a subordinate clause
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00149-00032991-00033284 introduced by quad or quia this is
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00150-00033285-00033475 almost identical for exam
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00151-00033476-00033682 to the use of k in similar constructions
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00152-00033683-00033979 in French in every age from the late 8th
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00153-00033980-00034147 century onwards there were learned
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00154-00034148-00034366 writers especially within the church who
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00155-00034367-00034525 were familiar enough with classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00156-00034526-00034732 syntax to be aware that these forms and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00157-00034733-00035062 usages were wrong and resisted their use
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00158-00035063-00035284 thus the Latin of a theologian like st.
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00159-00035285-00035527 Thomas Aquinas or of an erudite clerical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00160-00035528-00035755 historian such as William of Tyre tends
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00161-00035756-00035902 to avoid most of the characteristics
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00162-00035903-00036148 described above showing its period in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00163-00036149-00036349 vocabulary and spelling alone the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00164-00036350-00036550 features listed are much more prominent
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00165-00036551-00036781 in the language of lawyers eg the 11th
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00166-00036782-00037018 century English Doomsday Book physicians
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00167-00037019-00037180 technical writers and secular
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00168-00037181-00037468 chroniclers however the use of quod to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00169-00037469-00037642 introduce subordinate clauses was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00170-00037643-00037843 especially pervasive and is found at all
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00171-00037844-00038260 levels
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00172-00038261-00038557 topic changes in vocabulary syntax and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00173-00038558-00038940 grammar
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00174-00038941-00039177 medieval Latin had ceased to be a living
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00175-00039178-00039363 language and was instead a scholarly
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00176-00039364-00039567 language of the minority of educated men
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00177-00039568-00039777 in medieval Europe used in official
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00178-00039778-00039933 documents more than for everyday
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00179-00039934-00040218 communication this resulted in two major
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00180-00040219-00040431 features of medieval Latin compared with
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00181-00040432-00040590 classical Latin though when it is
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00182-00040591-00040740 compared to the other vernacular
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00183-00040741-00040953 languages medieval Latin developed very
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00184-00040954-00041274 few changes first many authors attempted
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00185-00041275-00041583 to show off their knowledge of classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00186-00041584-00041750 Latin by using rare or archaic
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00187-00041751-00041919 constructions sometimes
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00188-00041920-00042129 anachronistically haphazardly mixing
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00189-00042130-00042297 constructions from Republican and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00190-00042298-00042528 Imperial Latin which in reality existed
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00191-00042529-00042819 centuries apart second many lesser
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00192-00042820-00043068 scholars had a limited grasp of proper
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00193-00043069-00043329 Latin or were increasingly influenced by
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00194-00043330-00043545 vulgar latin which was mutating into the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00195-00043546-00043911 Romance languages word order usually
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00196-00043912-00044088 tended towards that of the vernacular
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00197-00044089-00044268 language of the author not the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00198-00044269-00044460 artificial and polished word order of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00199-00044461-00044757 classical Latin conversely an erudite
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00200-00044758-00045060 scholar might attempt to show off by
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00201-00045061-00045225 intentionally constructing a very
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00202-00045226-00045489 complicated sentence because Latin is an
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00203-00045490-00045678 inflected language it is technically
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00204-00045679-00045882 possible to place related words at
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00205-00045883-00046047 opposite ends of a paragraph long
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00206-00046048-00046242 sentence and owing to the complexity of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00207-00046243-00046470 doing so it was seen by some as a sign
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00208-00046471-00046788 of great skill typically prepositions
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00209-00046789-00046983 are used much more frequently as in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00210-00046984-00047175 modern Romance languages for greater
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00211-00047176-00047367 clarity instead of using the ablative
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00212-00047368-00047682 case alone further in classical Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00213-00047683-00047865 the subject of a verb was often left
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00214-00047866-00048063 implied unless it was being stressed
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00215-00048064-00048444 Baudette
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00216-00048445-00048960 topic he sees for clarity medieval Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00217-00048961-00049152 more frequently includes an explicit
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00218-00049153-00049681 subject is vedett
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00219-00049682-00050005 he sees without necessarily stressing
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00220-00050006-00050311 the subject various changes occurred in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00221-00050312-00050542 vocabulary and certain words were mixed
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00222-00050543-00050677 into different declensions or
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00223-00050678-00050971 conjugations many new compound verbs
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00224-00050972-00051190 were formed some words retained their
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00225-00051191-00051366 original structure but drastically
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00226-00051367-00051535 changed in meaning animos ada
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00227-00051536-00051838 specifically means wrath in medieval
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00228-00051839-00052021 latin while in classical latin it
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00229-00052022-00052249 generally referred to high spirits
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00230-00052250-00052563 excited spirits of any kind
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00231-00052564-00052825 owing to heavy use of biblical terms
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00232-00052826-00053026 there was a large influx of new words
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00233-00053027-00053233 borrowed from Greek and Hebrew and even
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00234-00053234-00053464 some grammatical influences that
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00235-00053465-00053698 obviously largely occurred among priests
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00236-00053699-00054010 and scholars not the lady in general it
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00237-00054011-00054196 is difficult to express abstract
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00238-00054197-00054409 concepts in Latin as many scholars
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00239-00054410-00054700 admitted for example plato's abstract
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00240-00054701-00054991 concept of the truth had to be expressed
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00241-00054991-00055345 in Latin s what is always true medieval
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00242-00055346-00055564 scholars and theologians translating
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00243-00055565-00055755 both the bible and greek philosophers
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00244-00055757-00055963 into latin out of the coin and classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00245-00055964-00056179 greek cobbled together many new abstract
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00246-00056179-00056621 concept words in latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00247-00056622-00057079 topic syntax
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00248-00057079-00057341 indirect discourse which in classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00249-00057341-00057521 Latin was achieved by using a subject
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00250-00057522-00057758 accusative and infinitive was now often
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00251-00057759-00057944 simply replaced by new conjunctions
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00252-00057945-00058136 serving the function of English that
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00253-00058137-00058466 such as quad quia or Quantium there was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00254-00058466-00058666 a high level of overlap between the old
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00255-00058667-00058865 and new constructions even within the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00256-00058866-00059045 same author's work and it was often a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00257-00059046-00059305 matter of preference a particularly
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00258-00059307-00059522 famous and often cited example is from
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00259-00059523-00059680 the venerable bead using both
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00260-00059682-00059879 constructions within the same sentence
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00261-00059879-00060190 dico me sire at quod some ignoble Asst
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00262-00060191-00060527 equals I say that I know accusative and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00263-00060528-00060746 infinitive and that I am unknown new
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00264-00060747-00061076 construction the resulting subordinate
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00265-00061077-00061279 clause often use the subjunctive mood
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00266-00061280-00061523 instead of the indicative this new
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00267-00061524-00061748 syntax for indirect discourse is among
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00268-00061749-00061940 the most prominent features of medieval
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00269-00061941-00062260 Latin the largest syntactical change
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00270-00062261-00062542 several substitutions were often used
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00271-00062544-00062690 instead of subjunctive clause
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00272-00062691-00062888 constructions they did not break the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00273-00062889-00063086 rules of classical Latin but were an
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00274-00063087-00063266 alternative way to express the same
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00275-00063266-00063416 meaning avoiding the use of a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00276-00063416-00063683 subjunctive clause the present
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00277-00063684-00063869 participle was frequently used ad
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00278-00063870-00064042 verbally in place of key or comme
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00279-00064044-00064277 clauses such as clauses of time cause
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00280-00064278-00064591 concession and purpose that was loosely
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00281-00064592-00064748 similar to the use of the present
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00282-00064749-00064952 participle in an ablative absolute
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00283-00064953-00065141 phrase but the participle did not need
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00284-00065141-00065426 to be in the ablative case hey Bo
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00285-00065427-00065750 I have to end Debee oh I must would be
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00286-00065751-00065963 used to express obligation more often
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00287-00065964-00066245 than the jaronda given that obligation
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00288-00066246-00066464 inherently carries a sense of Futurity
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00289-00066465-00066794 Carthage must be destroyed at some point
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00290-00066795-00066983 in the future it anticipates how the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00291-00066984-00067193 Romance languages such as French would
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00292-00067194-00067520 use hey Bo as the basis for their future
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00293-00067521-00067745 tenses abandoning the Latin forms of the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00294-00067746-00067997 future tense while in Latin the Mara hey
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00295-00067998-00068321 Bo is the indirect discourse I have to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00296-00068322-00068633 love in the French equivalent a Mirai
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00297-00068634-00068933 hey Bo greater than ayyo greater than I
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00298-00068934-00069152 am A plus I it has become the future
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00299-00069153-00069446 tense I will love losing the sense of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00300-00069447-00069728 obligation in medieval Latin however it
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00301-00069729-00069944 was still indirect discourse and not yet
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00302-00069945-00070274 used as simply a future tense instead of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00303-00070275-00070475 a clause introduced by who turn a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00304-00070476-00070667 an infinitive was often used with a verb
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00305-00070668-00070962 of hoping fearing promising etc
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00306-00070963-00071165 conversely some authors might
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00307-00071166-00071315 haphazardly switch between the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00308-00071316-00071498 subjunctive and indicative forms of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00309-00071499-00071681 verbs with no intended difference in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00310-00071682-00071956 meaning the usage of some changed
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00311-00071957-00072169 significantly it was frequently omitted
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00312-00072170-00072473 or implied further many medieval authors
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00313-00072474-00072659 did not feel that it made sense for the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00314-00072660-00072875 perfect passive construction la-de-da
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00315-00072876-00073168 some to use the present tense of se in a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00316-00073169-00073355 past tense construction so they began
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00317-00073356-00073580 using fui the past perfect of some
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00318-00073581-00073900 interchangeably with some chaos in the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00319-00073901-00074165 usage of demonstrative pronouns hick ill
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00320-00074166-00074443 ISTE and even the intensive iPic are
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00321-00074444-00074698 often used virtually interchangeably in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00322-00074699-00074962 anticipation of Romance languages hick
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00323-00074963-00075206 Anil were also frequently used simply to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00324-00075207-00075485 express the definite article v which
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00325-00075486-00075751 classical latin did not possess Yunus
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00326-00075752-00075980 was also used for the indirect article a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00327-00075981-00076424 n use of reflexive z' became much looser
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00328-00076425-00076646 a reflexive pronoun in a subordinate
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00329-00076647-00076862 clause might refer to the subject of the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00330-00076863-00077174 main clause the reflexive possessive su
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00331-00077175-00077360 US might be used in place of a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00332-00077361-00077611 possessive genitive such as eius
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00333-00077612-00077825 comparison of adjectives changed
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00334-00077826-00078037 somewhat the comparative form was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00335-00078038-00078212 sometimes used with positive or
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00336-00078213-00078451 superlative meaning also the adverb
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00337-00078452-00078757 magis was often used with a positive
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00338-00078758-00078935 adjective to indicate a comparative
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00339-00078936-00079132 meaning and multum enemies could be used
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00340-00079133-00079318 with a positive form of adjectives to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00341-00079319-00079598 give a superlative meaning classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00342-00079599-00079813 Latin used the ablative absolute but as
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00343-00079814-00080042 stated above in medieval Latin examples
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00344-00080043-00080246 of nominative absolute or accusative
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00345-00080247-00080512 absolute may be found this was a point
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00346-00080513-00080713 of difference between the ecclesiastical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00347-00080714-00080944 latin of the clergy in the vulgar latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00348-00080945-00081232 of the lady which existed alongside it
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00349-00081233-00081481 the educated clergy mostly knew that
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00350-00081482-00081650 traditional Latin did not use the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00351-00081651-00081860 nominative or accusative case in such
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00352-00081861-00082075 constructions but only the ablative case
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00353-00082076-00082334 these constructions are observed in the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00354-00082335-00082519 medieval era but they are changes that
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00355-00082520-00082788 developed among the uneducated commoners
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00356-00082789-00083012 classical Latin does not distinguish
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00357-00083013-00083216 progressive action in the present tense
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00358-00083217-00083551 the Salado can mean either I praise or I
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00359-00083552-00083840 am praising an imitation of Greek
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00360-00083841-00084011 medieval Latin could use a present
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00361-00084012-00084175 participle with some to form a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00362-00084176-00084355 periphrastic tense equivalent to the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00363-00084356-00084623 English progressive this Greek
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00364-00084624-00084919 periphrastic tense formation could also
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00365-00084920-00085132 be done in the past and future tenses
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00366-00085133-00085466 loud in some I am praising Louden's Aram
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00367-00085467-00085805 I was praising Louden's era I will be
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00368-00085806-00086176 praising classical Latin verbs had at
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00369-00086177-00086407 most two voices active and passive but
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00370-00086408-00086573 Greek the original language of the New
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00371-00086574-00086813 Testament had an additional middle voice
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00372-00086814-00087122 or reflexive voice one use was to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00373-00087123-00087331 express when the subject is acting upon
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00374-00087332-00087394 itself
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00375-00087395-00087724 Achilles put the armor unto himself or
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00376-00087725-00088069 Jesus clothed himself in the robe would
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00377-00088070-00088304 use the middle voice because Latin had
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00378-00088305-00088543 no middle voice medieval Latin expresses
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00379-00088544-00088744 such sentences by putting the verb in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00380-00088745-00088898 the passive voice form but the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00381-00088899-00089107 conceptual meaning is active similar to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00382-00089108-00089401 Latin deponent verbs for example the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00383-00089402-00089563 medieval Latin translation
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00384-00089564-00089816 Genisys states literally God was moved
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00385-00089817-00090140 over the waters Spiritist de Farah
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00386-00090141-00090473 Bader's super aquas Genesis chapter 1
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00387-00090474-00090688 verse 2 but it is just expressing a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00388-00090689-00090907 Greek middle voice verb God moved
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00389-00090908-00091318 himself over the waters overlapping with
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00390-00091319-00091510 orthography differences see below
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00391-00091511-00091666 certain diphthongs were sometimes
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00392-00091667-00092272 shortened o to E and a two E
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00393-00092273-00092638 thus ecumenical becomes the more
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00394-00092639-00092972 familiar ecumenical more familiar in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00395-00092973-00093163 this later form because religious terms
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00396-00093164-00093487 such as ecumenical were more common in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00397-00093488-00093844 medieval Latin the Oh diphthong is not
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00398-00093845-00094057 particularly frequent in Latin but the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00399-00094058-00094504 shift from A to E affects many common
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00400-00094505-00094796 words such as caelum heaven being
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00401-00094797-00095240 shortened to selim even who le girls was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00402-00095241-00095512 shortened to who L
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00403-00095513-00095740 often a town would lose its name to that
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00404-00095741-00095929 of the tribe which was either accusative
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00405-00095930-00096151 or ablative plural two forms that were
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00406-00096152-00096337 then used for all cases or in other
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00407-00096338-00096896 words considered in decline a ball
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00408-00096897-00097418 topic orthography
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00409-00097419-00097616 many striking differences between
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00410-00097617-00097829 classical and medieval Latin are found
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00411-00097830-00098129 in orthography perhaps the most striking
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00412-00098130-00098321 difference is that medieval manuscripts
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00413-00098322-00098525 used a wide range of abbreviations by
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00414-00098526-00098750 means of superscripts special characters
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00415-00098751-00099118 etc for instance the letters n and s
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00416-00099119-00099380 we're often omitted and replaced by a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00417-00099381-00099602 diacritical mark above the preceding or
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00418-00099603-00099890 following letter apart from this some of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00419-00099891-00100013 the most frequently occurring
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00420-00100014-00100307 differences are as follows clearly many
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00421-00100308-00100457 of these would have been influenced by
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00422-00100458-00100673 the spelling and indeed pronunciation of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00423-00100674-00100880 the vernacular language and thus varied
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00424-00100881-00101098 between different European countries
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00425-00101099-00101348 following the Carolingian reforms of the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00426-00101349-00101579 9th century Carolingian minuscule was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00427-00101580-00101771 widely adopted leading to a clear
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00428-00101772-00101960 differentiation between capital and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00429-00101961-00102253 lowercase letters a partial or full
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00430-00102254-00102481 differentiation between V and U and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00431-00102482-00102800 between J and I the diphthong a is
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00432-00102801-00103013 usually collapsed and simply written as
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00433-00103014-00103132 E or e codata
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00434-00103133-00103330 e for example who le might be written
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00435-00103331-00103630 puh L or PL the same happens with the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00436-00103631-00103889 diphthong o for example in Pena Oedipus
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00437-00103890-00104167 from Pina Oedipus this feature is
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00438-00104168-00104368 already found on coin inscriptions of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00439-00104369-00104597 the 4th century eg ray publice for ray
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00440-00104598-00104903 public a conversely an original a in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00441-00104904-00105140 classical latin was often represented by
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00442-00105141-00105433 a or o EGA ecclesia and Koyna also
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00443-00105434-00105623 reflected in English Spelling's such as
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00444-00105624-00105926 foetus because of a severe decline in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00445-00105927-00106111 the knowledge of Greek in loanwords and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00446-00106113-00106285 foreign names from or transmitted
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00447-00106286-00106469 through Greek why and I might be used
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00448-00106470-00106700 more or less interchangeably ISA Doris
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00449-00106701-00107035 Egypt as' from isidorus Egypt s this is
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00450-00107036-00107267 also found in pure Latin words osius
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00451-00107268-00107654 more swiftly appears as though CY us and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00452-00107655-00107888 Silva as Silva this last being a form
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00453-00107889-00108113 which survived into the 18th century and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00454-00108114-00108326 so became embedded in modern botanical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00455-00108327-00108779 Latin also CF Pennsylvania H might be
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00456-00108780-00108821 lost
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00457-00108822-00109016 so that Haber becomes a bear or me he
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00458-00109017-00109238 becomes me the latter also occurred in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00459-00109239-00109424 classical Latin or Meeny may be written
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00460-00109425-00109655 michi indicating that the H had come to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00461-00109656-00109949 be pronounced as K or perhaps KH this
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00462-00109950-00110174 pronunciation is not found in classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00463-00110175-00110434 Latin the loss of H in pronunciation
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00464-00110435-00110710 also led to the addition of H in writing
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00465-00110711-00110788 where it did not
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00466-00110789-00110977 previously belong especially in the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00467-00110978-00111183 vicinity of our such as Girona for
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00468-00111184-00111421 Corona a tendency also sometimes seen in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00469-00111422-00111735 classical Latin T before a vowel is
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00470-00111736-00111973 often written as C TSI so that de
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00471-00111974-00112192 vitiate becomes de vitiated Ordovician
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00472-00112193-00112543 tertius becomes Turkish vide MV sium the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00473-00112544-00112741 combination Minnesota might have another
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00474-00112742-00112927 plosive in certain so that alumnus
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00475-00112928-00113278 becomes alumnus somnus somnus single
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00476-00113279-00113436 consonants were often doubled or
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00477-00113438-00113521 vice-versa
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00478-00113522-00113716 so that tranquil EDA's becomes tranquil
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00479-00113717-00113984 ITA's in Africa becomes Africa
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00480-00113985-00114223 syncopation became more frequent v
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00481-00114224-00114448 especially in verbs in the perfect tent
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00482-00114449-00114679 might be lost so that no v's becomes NOS
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00483-00114680-00114901 this occurred in classical latin as well
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00484-00114902-00115096 but was much more frequent in medieval
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00485-00115097-00115300 latin these orthographical differences
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00486-00115301-00115434 were often due to changes in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00487-00115435-00115621 pronunciation or as in the previous
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00488-00115622-00115849 example morphology which authors
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00489-00115850-00116113 reflected in their writing by the 16th
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00490-00116114-00116353 century Erasmus complained that speakers
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00491-00116354-00116515 from different countries were unable to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00492-00116516-00116701 understand each other's form of Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00493-00116702-00116923 the gradual changes in Latin did not
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00494-00116924-00117129 escape the notice of contemporaries
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00495-00117130-00117360 Petrarch writing in the 14th century
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00496-00117361-00117643 complained about this linguistic decline
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00497-00117644-00117841 which helped fuel his general
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00498-00117842-00118366 dissatisfaction with his own era
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00499-00118367-00118909 topic medieval Latin literature
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00500-00118910-00119141 the corpus of medieval Latin literature
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00501-00119142-00119372 encompasses a wide range of texts
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00502-00119373-00119606 including such diverse works as sermons
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00503-00119607-00119858 hymns hagiographical texts travel
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00504-00119858-00120101 literature histories epics and lyric
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00505-00120102-00120377 poetry the first half of the fifth
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00506-00120378-00120596 century saw the literary activities of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00507-00120597-00120953 the great Christian authors Jerome C 347
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00508-00120954-00121435 to 420 an Augustine of Hippo 354 to 430
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00509-00121436-00121660 whose texts had an enormous influence on
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00510-00121661-00121826 theological thought of the Middle Ages
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00511-00121827-00122048 and of the latter's disciple prosper of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00512-00122049-00122549 Aquitaine C 392 455 of the later 5th
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00513-00122550-00122801 century and early 6th century Sidonia
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00514-00122802-00123278 cEPAL and eras C 430 after 489 and an
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00515-00123279-00123709 odious 474 to 521 both from Gaul are
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00516-00123710-00123869 well known for their poems as as
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00517-00123870-00124364 Venantius fortunatus C 532 600 this was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00518-00124365-00124601 also a period of transmission the Roman
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00519-00124602-00125093 patrician Boethius C 482 524 translated
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00520-00125094-00125339 part of Aristotle's logical corpus thus
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00521-00125340-00125513 preserving it for the Latin West and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00522-00125514-00125690 wrote the influential literary and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00523-00125691-00125903 philosophical treatise dick insolation
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00524-00125904-00126083 philosophy a cassiodorus
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00525-00126083-00126497 C 485 to 585 founded an important
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00526-00126498-00126665 library at the monastery of vivarium
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00527-00126666-00126886 near squill aswer many texts from
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00528-00126888-00127054 antiquity were to be preserved
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00529-00127055-00127580 Isidore of Seville C 562 636 collected
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00530-00127581-00127796 all scientific knowledge still available
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00531-00127797-00127952 in his time into what might be called
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00532-00127953-00128227 the first encyclopedia the etymology ax
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00533-00128228-00128747 Gregory of Tours C 538 to 594 wrote a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00534-00128748-00128958 lengthy history of the Frankish Kings
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00535-00128959-00129182 Gregory came from a gallo-roman
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00536-00129183-00129422 aristocratic family and his Latin which
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00537-00129423-00129581 shows many aberrations from the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00538-00129582-00129779 classical forms testifies to the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00539-00129780-00129965 declining significance of classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00540-00129966-00130265 education in Gaul at the same time good
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00541-00130266-00130472 knowledge of Latin and even of Greek was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00542-00130473-00130667 being preserved in monastic culture in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00543-00130668-00130844 Ireland and was brought to England in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00544-00130845-00131059 the European mainland by missionaries in
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00545-00131060-00131234 the course of the 6th and 7th centuries
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00546-00131235-00131690 such as Columbanus 543 2 615 who founded
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00547-00131691-00131876 the monastery of Bobbio in northern
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00548-00131877-00132161 Italy Ireland was also the birthplace of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00549-00132162-00132293 a strange poetics
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00550-00132294-00132524 I'll known as his spirit gladden other
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00551-00132525-00132731 important insular authors include the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00552-00132732-00133169 historian Gilda's C 502 570 and the poet
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00553-00133170-00133750 auld helm C 642 709 Benedict bisque op C
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00554-00133751-00134117 628 - 690 founded the monastery of where
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00555-00134118-00134309 mouth Jarrow and furnished it with books
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00556-00134310-00134471 which he had taken home from a journey
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00557-00134472-00134642 to Rome and which were later used by
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00558-00134643-00135125 beatsie 672 - 735 to write his
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00559-00135126-00135320 ecclesiastical history of the English
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00560-00135321-00135629 people many medieval Latin works have
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00561-00135630-00135803 been published in the series petrology
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00562-00135804-00136079 latina corpus script Orem ecclesiastic
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00563-00136080-00136660 Orem Latin Orem and Corpus Christi Anora
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00564-00136661-00137238 topic medieval Latin and everyday life
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00565-00137239-00137439 medieval Latin was separated from
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00566-00137440-00137703 classical Latin around 800 AD and at
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00567-00137704-00137907 this time was no longer considered part
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00568-00137908-00138174 of the everyday language spoken Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00569-00138175-00138360 became a practice used mostly by the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00570-00138361-00138678 educated high class population even then
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00571-00138679-00138876 it was not frequently used in casual
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00572-00138877-00139113 conversation an example of these men
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00573-00139114-00139284 includes the churchmen who could read
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00574-00139285-00139493 Latin but could not effectively speak it
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00575-00139494-00139737 Latins use in universities was
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00576-00139738-00139890 structured in lectures and debates
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00577-00139891-00140097 however it was highly recommended that
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00578-00140098-00140361 students use it in conversation this
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00579-00140362-00140562 practice was only kept up due to rules
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00580-00140563-00140826 one of Latins purposes writing was still
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00581-00140827-00141048 in practice the main uses being charters
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00582-00141049-00141234 for property transactions and to keep
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00583-00141235-00141413 track of the pleadings given in court
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00584-00141414-00141678 even then those of the church still used
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00585-00141679-00141819 Latin more than the rest of the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00586-00141820-00142044 population at this time
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00587-00142045-00142215 Latin served little purpose to the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00588-00142216-00142410 regular population but was still used
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00589-00142411-00142972 regularly in ecclesiastical culture
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00590-00142973-00143561 topic important medieval Latin authors
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00591-00143562-00144097 topic fourth fifth centuries
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00592-00144098-00144754 atheria Florida 385 Jerome see 347 to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00593-00144755-00145536 420 Augustine 354 to 430
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00594-00145537-00146128 topic six to eight centuries
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00595-00146129-00147039 Boethius c 482 525 cassiodorus c 485 c
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00596-00147040-00147712 585 Gilda's d c 570 flavia's Cresco
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00597-00147713-00148165 Gnaeus corpus d c 570 Venantius
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00598-00148166-00148690 fortunatus C 530 see 600 Gregory of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00599-00148691-00149287 Tours C 538 - 594 Pope Gregory the first
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00600-00149288-00150078 C 542 600 for Isidore of Seville C 562
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00601-00150079-00151084 636 B C 672 - 735 st. Boniface C 672 -
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00602-00151085-00151726 750 for krodha gong of Metz D 766 paul
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00603-00151727-00152094 de deacon 720's c point seven nine nine
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00604-00152095-00152991 Beatus of liébana c 732 850 a d 799
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00605-00152992-00153567 Paulinus of Aquileia 730 802 Alcuin c
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00606-00153568-00154093 735 - 804
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00607-00154094-00154604 topic 9th century
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00608-00154605-00155206 ein hard 775 to 840 Rabanne news Morris
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00609-00155207-00155980 782 856 pass cashius Radford s 792 865
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00610-00155981-00156602 Rudolph of folda d 865 dois de lupus of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00611-00156603-00157136 fir ears 805 to 862 andreas Agnes Agnes
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00612-00157137-00157781 of Ravenna C 805 to 846 pink Mar 806 to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00613-00157782-00158474 882 well afraid Strabo 808 to 849 Flores
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00614-00158475-00158963 of Lyon d 860 got chick theologian 808
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00615-00158964-00159589 to 867 Sidhu Leah SCOTUS Florida 840 to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00616-00159590-00160090 860 anastasius bibliothek arias 810 to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00617-00160091-00160718 878 Johanna SCOTUS area Gina 815 to 877
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00618-00160719-00161747 a sir d 909 not curb albula s' 842 912
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00619-00161748-00162675 topic 10th century wrath erious 892 974
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00620-00162676-00163195 rots for the of gander shine 935 to 973
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00621-00163196-00163871 deep mar of MERS burg 975 101 8
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00622-00163872-00164431 topic 11th century
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00623-00164432-00164924 Mariana's SCOTUS 1028 to 1080 to Adam of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00624-00164925-00165368 Bremen Florida 1062 1080 Marv odious of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00625-00165369-00165952 Ren see 1035 to 11:23
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00626-00165953-00166507 topic twelfth-century
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00627-00166508-00167037 Pierre a Ballard 1079 to 1142 sugar of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00628-00167038-00167509 saint-denis see 1081 to 1151 Geoffrey of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00629-00167510-00168060 Monmouth see 1100 see 1155 already of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00630-00168061-00168341 revo eleven ten to eleven sixty seven
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00631-00168342-00168907 auto of phrasing see 1114 to 11:58 arch
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00632-00168908-00169471 poet see 1130 see 1165 William of Tyre
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00633-00169472-00170151 see 1132 1185 Peter of blue Otzi 11:35
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00634-00170152-00170547 seat 12:03 walter of Chatillon florida
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00635-00170548-00171156 see 1200 adam of st. Victor
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00636-00171157-00171727 topic thirteenth century
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00637-00171728-00172281 giralda scam rensis see 1146 see 12:23
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00638-00172282-00172809 Saxo gramatica s-- see 1150 see 12:20
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00639-00172810-00173035 anonymous florida late 12th century
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00640-00173036-00173410 early 13th century Thomas of challan Oh
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00641-00173411-00174012 see 1200 CE 1265 Albertus Magnus see
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00642-00174013-00174666 1202 1280 Roger Bacon see 1214 to 1294
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00643-00174667-00175188 st. Thomas Aquinas see 1225 to 1274
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00644-00175189-00175702 Ramon rule 12 32 to 1315 siger of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00645-00175703-00176226 Brabant see 12 4212 80s Duns Scotus see
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00646-00176227-00176750 1266 to 1308
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00647-00176751-00177416 topic fourteenth century Randall higden
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00648-00177417-00178165 c12 ADC 1363 William of Occam c12 88c
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00649-00178166-00178850 1347 gene buritan 1302 1358 henry suzhou
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00650-00178851-00179492 see 1295 to 1366
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00651-00179493-00180053 topic literary movements
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00652-00180054-00180494 goliad's hibernal latin medieval Roman
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00653-00180495-00181051 law medieval Latin comedy
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00654-00181052-00181586 topic works
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00655-00181587-00181906 Carmina Burana 11th 12th century
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00656-00181907-00182320 pange lingua CA point one two five zero
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00657-00182321-00182660 Summa theologia CA point one two seven
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00658-00182661-00182761 zero
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00659-00182762-00183248 etymology CA point six zero zero dies
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00660-00183249-00183668 array CA point one two six zero decretum
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00661-00183669-00183938 grantee on e CA point one one five zero
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00662-00183939-00184366 two or to wallow in EE nepeta Sartori CA
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00663-00184367-00184769 point one one eight zero magna carta CA
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00664-00184770-00185252 point 1 2 1 5
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00665-00185253-00185824 topic references
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00666-00185825-00186324 topic citations
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00667-00186325-00186833 topic sources
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00668-00186834-00187331 topic further reading
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00669-00187332-00187659 siobhan Mazel claudinei and Margaret m
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00670-00187660-00188139 smith EDS 1996 medieval manuscripts of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00671-00188140-00188343 the Latin classics production and use
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00672-00188344-00188526 Proceedings of the seminar in the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00673-00188527-00188883 history of the book to 1500 Leiden 1993
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00674-00188884-00189135 Los Altos Hills CA
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00675-00189136-00189594 Anderson Lovelace Lapid Michael 1993
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00676-00189595-00190041 Anglo Latin literature 901 o66 London
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00677-00190042-00190539 and Rio Grande Oh Hambledon 1996 Anglo
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00678-00190540-00190923 Latin literature 600 to 899 London and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00679-00190924-00191256 Rio Grande Oh Hambledon man
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00680-00191257-00191715 Niclas and Berger monk Olsen EDS 1997
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00681-00191716-00191907 Medieval and Renaissance scholarship
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00682-00191908-00192111 proceedings of the second European
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00683-00192112-00192303 Science Foundation workshop on the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00684-00192304-00192474 classical tradition in the Middle Ages
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00685-00192475-00192744 and Renaissance London Warburg Institute
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00686-00192745-00193194 27 the 28th of November 1992 New York
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00687-00193195-00193652 Brill Mantello FAC and George rig 1996
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00688-00193653-00193899 medieval Latin an introduction and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00689-00193900-00194166 bibliographical guide Washington DC
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00690-00194167-00194402 Catholic University of American press
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00691-00194403-00194705 paccheri Iran's oh and Michael D Reeve
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00692-00194706-00195066 1995 formative stages of classical
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00693-00195067-00195297 traditions Latin texts from antiquity to
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00694-00195298-00195474 the Renaissance Proceedings of a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00695-00195475-00195720 conference held a Therese 16 to 22
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00696-00195721-00196038 October 1993 as the sixth course of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00697-00196039-00196203 International School for the Study of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00698-00196204-00196304 written records
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00699-00196305-00196668 Spoleto Italy centro italiano dese -
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00700-00196669-00196997 dese allall Thome do a vow Raby f je
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00701-00196998-00197334 1957 a history of secular Latin poetry
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00702-00197335-00197433 in the Middle Ages
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00703-00197434-00197930 2 Vols 2nd ed Oxford Clarendon rig AG
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00704-00197931-00198267 1992 a history of Anglo Latin literature
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00705-00198268-00198729 ad 1066 to 1420 to Cambridge UK
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00706-00198730-00198936 Cambridge University Press
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00707-00198937-00199326 wold Christine Eadie 2012 brillz new
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00708-00199327-00199545 Pali supplement 5 the reception of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00709-00199546-00199770 classical literature Leiden the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00710-00199771-00200018 Netherlands and Boston Brill Ziolkowski
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00711-00200019-00200472 Jan M 1993 talking animals medieval
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00712-00200473-00200571 latin beasts
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00713-00200572-00200876 three seven five oh one one five Oh
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00714-00200877-00201156 Philadelphia Pennsylvania University of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00715-00201157-00201630 Pennsylvania press Raby fje 1959 the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00716-00201631-00201912 Oxford book of medieval Latin verse Amen
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00717-00201913-00202172 House London Oxford University Press
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00718-00202173-00202617 Harrington Carl Pomeroy 1942 mediaeval
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00719-00202618-00203046 Latin Norwood MA USA Norwood press drunk
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00720-00203047-00203466 Peter vol 1 1965 medieval Latin and the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00721-00203467-00203757 rise of European love lyric Oxford UK
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00722-00203758-00203889 Clarendon press
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00723-00203890-00204201 bachchi Antoni varriya Latin etad is
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00724-00204202-00204432 scripted two inscriptions or a Sione's
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00725-00204433-00204762 epistle e rome italy Societas labraina
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00726-00204763-00205266 st v div m Beason charles h 1925 a
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00727-00205267-00205530 primer of medieval latin an anthology of
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00728-00205531-00205884 prose and poetry chicago united states
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00729-00205885-00206208 scott foresman and company hirtius ernst
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00730-00206209-00206577 roberts 1953 european literature in the
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00731-00206578-00206826 latin Middle Ages new york new york
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00732-00206827-00207069 united states Bollingen foundation inc
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00733-00207069-00207525 Auerbach Eric 1965 literary language and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00734-00207526-00207744 its public in late latin antiquity and
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00735-00207744-00208077 in the Middle Ages New York New York USA
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00736-00208078-00208353 Bollingen foundation topic external
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00737-00208354-00208536 links in-depth guides to learning Latin
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00738-00208537-00208857 at the UK National Archives the journal
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00739-00208858-00209031 of medieval Latin right Thomas
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00740-00209032-00209294 ed a selection of Latin stories from
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00741-00209296-00209502 manuscripts of the 13th and fountain
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00742-00209503-00209727 centuries a contribution to the history
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00743-00209728-00209934 of fiction during the Middle Ages London
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00744-00209935-00210300 the Percy Society 1842 corpus Corps poem
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00745-00210301-00210732 MLA tu CHCH corpus tom mysticum corpus
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00746-00210733-00210864 the mystic a morgue
+nfhQ_Xk2jtY-00747-00210865-00211398 Lucretius Penelope you Chicago adieu
+ngi_goaXKHk-00000-00000019-00000326 hon DeVoe Gujarati hand AVO as a
+ngi_goaXKHk-00001-00000327-00000509 vegetable cake originating from the
+ngi_goaXKHk-00002-00000509-00000773 Indian subcontinent it is a part of the
+ngi_goaXKHk-00003-00000774-00001012 Gujarati cuisine it is often made with a
+ngi_goaXKHk-00004-00001013-00001279 bottle gourd Hindi Lackey Gujarati duty
+ngi_goaXKHk-00005-00001280-00001472 filling though many other vegetables can
+ngi_goaXKHk-00006-00001473-00001536 be added
+ngi_goaXKHk-00007-00001537-00002285 sometimes crushed peanuts are also added
+ngi_goaXKHk-00008-00002286-00002830 topic vegetable hand v''e
+ngi_goaXKHk-00009-00002831-00003104 vegetable handler hon davao gujarati
+ngi_goaXKHk-00010-00003105-00003419 pandava Marathi canva is a Gujarati dish
+ngi_goaXKHk-00011-00003420-00003710 it is a vegetable dish which is based on
+ngi_goaXKHk-00012-00003711-00003917 gram flour called besan in Hindi and
+ngi_goaXKHk-00013-00003918-00004139 Urdu and contains vegetables like peas
+ngi_goaXKHk-00014-00004140-00004409 cabbage and also includes garam masala
+ngi_goaXKHk-00015-00004410-00004850 it is often even with pickle or tea
+ni5hZPekIEc-00000-00000729-00001186 I won't use the podium because Trump guy
+ni5hZPekIEc-00001-00001187-00001628 blasphemy oh please man yeah so my name
+ni5hZPekIEc-00002-00001629-00001877 is suffice my students probabilities but
+ni5hZPekIEc-00003-00001878-00002274 your behalf is so I work in your face
+ni5hZPekIEc-00004-00002275-00002677 light as a senior lecturer and I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00005-00002678-00003315 teaching education technology for so you
+ni5hZPekIEc-00006-00003315-00003611 PSI is the premier education university
+ni5hZPekIEc-00007-00003612-00003902 in malaysia we are the largest producer
+ni5hZPekIEc-00008-00003903-00004130 of each a signature so we were
+ni5hZPekIEc-00009-00004131-00004461 previously the future college teacher
+ni5hZPekIEc-00010-00004462-00004650 training college team now we keep up to
+ni5hZPekIEc-00011-00004651-00005102 the university so I think that bit about
+ni5hZPekIEc-00012-00005103-00005325 me before we start I mean how could I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00013-00005326-00005614 that that simply means I thought myself
+ni5hZPekIEc-00014-00005615-00005927 but from Cody I thought myself up to
+ni5hZPekIEc-00015-00005928-00006356 date you know so if you have you know
+ni5hZPekIEc-00016-00006357-00007085 every developer said then do you have a
+ni5hZPekIEc-00017-00007086-00007499 formal education or you know Cody or do
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00019-00007698-00008260 Sage's web searches the YouTube videos
+ni5hZPekIEc-00020-00008261-00008630 both over okay so you might as well you
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00022-00009071-00009181 right
+ni5hZPekIEc-00023-00009182-00009421 I'm also who goes if I traitor so I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00024-00009422-00009784 trained also Richards how to use Google
+ni5hZPekIEc-00025-00009785-00010153 products especially Google Suites in
+ni5hZPekIEc-00026-00010154-00010381 teaching and learning and I started
+ni5hZPekIEc-00027-00010382-00010981 using WordPress in 2011 as a user that I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00028-00010982-00011527 use you know the free version and I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00029-00011528-00012238 realized that one time but I still see
+ni5hZPekIEc-00030-00012239-00012517 what WordPress developer when it was
+ni5hZPekIEc-00031-00012518-00012880 around 2014-2015
+ni5hZPekIEc-00032-00012881-00013333 right and I have my university listening
+ni5hZPekIEc-00033-00013334-00014205 to it all you know jump to WordPress
+ni5hZPekIEc-00034-00014206-00014594 websites my research and development
+ni5hZPekIEc-00035-00014594-00014777 interests are as you can see on an
+ni5hZPekIEc-00036-00014778-00015234 innate ability you respond to AI
+ni5hZPekIEc-00037-00015235-00015494 application of area and a are education
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00041-00016823-00017129 specifically Howard press can fit in
+ni5hZPekIEc-00042-00017130-00017552 the needs of heaters right so this is an
+ni5hZPekIEc-00043-00017553-00018002 academic life decide so generally we
+ni5hZPekIEc-00044-00018003-00018380 have these five responsibilities what
+ni5hZPekIEc-00045-00018381-00018841 you may have experience with educators
+ni5hZPekIEc-00046-00018842-00019211 probably one of them to cheat right but
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00323-00120749-00121233 able to browse through the the website
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00325-00121655-00121989 to apply and then apply online
+ni5hZPekIEc-00326-00121990-00122514 this is very simple so this is the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00327-00122515-00123041 skeleton for the mobility website so the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00328-00123042-00123509 front end that's the student from end
+ni5hZPekIEc-00329-00123510-00123848 and the bottom there is the faculty
+ni5hZPekIEc-00330-00123849-00124208 front end they need to sign in and then
+ni5hZPekIEc-00331-00124209-00124961 submit the program for summer camp so in
+ni5hZPekIEc-00332-00124963-00125384 the back end that will be will be able
+ni5hZPekIEc-00333-00125385-00125748 to filter or approve you submit the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00334-00125749-00126096 process they can manage the applications
+ni5hZPekIEc-00335-00126097-00126438 from the students so it's quite simple
+ni5hZPekIEc-00336-00126439-00126851 and this I've also used the specs that I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00337-00126852-00127272 share with you just now easy fty those
+ni5hZPekIEc-00338-00127273-00127589 are the two you know what Dean said I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00339-00127590-00128033 that I use 30 is using
+ni5hZPekIEc-00340-00128033-00128466 yeah and this is an ongoing development
+ni5hZPekIEc-00341-00128467-00128843 it's yes right now don't ever open it
+ni5hZPekIEc-00342-00128844-00129138 because this is real development
+ni5hZPekIEc-00343-00129139-00130032 i I think the suck ICP is - I still in
+ni5hZPekIEc-00344-00130033-00130302 development so this is my faculty
+ni5hZPekIEc-00345-00130303-00130929 faculty of development so I have my
+ni5hZPekIEc-00346-00130930-00131424 faculty to develop the website Oh before
+ni5hZPekIEc-00347-00131425-00131964 that before coming to this when I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00348-00131965-00132540 presented this to my university that was
+ni5hZPekIEc-00349-00132541-00132852 when they decided to problem lock in
+ni5hZPekIEc-00350-00132853-00133286 WordPress
+ni5hZPekIEc-00351-00133287-00133956 instrumental all right okay so that is
+ni5hZPekIEc-00352-00133957-00134340 why I am working on this my faculties
+ni5hZPekIEc-00353-00134341-00135030 website so for academic purposes for
+ni5hZPekIEc-00354-00135031-00135291 faculty if you want to approach if you
+ni5hZPekIEc-00355-00135292-00135615 are a service provider your design
+ni5hZPekIEc-00356-00135616-00135888 company design developer company if you
+ni5hZPekIEc-00357-00135889-00136209 want to approach a faculty in a
+ni5hZPekIEc-00358-00136210-00136446 university you need to understand how
+ni5hZPekIEc-00359-00136447-00136791 they work so on I'm giving you the tips
+ni5hZPekIEc-00360-00136792-00137220 and tricks so in a faculty they will
+ni5hZPekIEc-00361-00137221-00137670 have stuffs programs of research and
+ni5hZPekIEc-00362-00137671-00138042 publication 2004 and consultation those
+ni5hZPekIEc-00363-00138043-00138228 those are the more you know business of
+ni5hZPekIEc-00364-00138229-00138864 a faculty so if you look closer the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00365-00138865-00139346 stuff and the people six at the core and
+ni5hZPekIEc-00366-00139347-00139728 from the people it develop into programs
+ni5hZPekIEc-00367-00139729-00140070 because these people academic stuff such
+ni5hZPekIEc-00368-00140071-00140358 as programs academic stuff produce
+ni5hZPekIEc-00369-00140359-00140708 publications and research academic stuff
+ni5hZPekIEc-00370-00140709-00141012 you know to consultations so if you
+ni5hZPekIEc-00371-00141013-00141285 think about you know creating a custom
+ni5hZPekIEc-00372-00141286-00141510 post type it should be stuff at the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00373-00141511-00141924 center and then
+ni5hZPekIEc-00374-00141925-00142249 so that's how I'm developing the website
+ni5hZPekIEc-00375-00142250-00142743 right now just for the sake of you know
+ni5hZPekIEc-00376-00142744-00143116 the data because you can think if you do
+ni5hZPekIEc-00377-00143117-00143437 that that you can link publication to
+ni5hZPekIEc-00378-00143438-00143836 research easily with oxidation with the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00379-00143837-00144298 same not to say C but you have an
+ni5hZPekIEc-00380-00144299-00145642 education yeah so I forgot what what
+ni5hZPekIEc-00381-00145643-00146002 what tiny be detailed the framework I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00382-00146003-00146440 use the model that I use for developing
+ni5hZPekIEc-00383-00146441-00146911 any kind of projects ad ie if this is
+ni5hZPekIEc-00384-00146912-00147165 new to you this is a part of
+ni5hZPekIEc-00385-00147166-00147526 instructional system design I teach and
+ni5hZPekIEc-00386-00147527-00147823 teaching this to my students it's not
+ni5hZPekIEc-00387-00147824-00148162 it's not really meant exclusively for
+ni5hZPekIEc-00388-00148163-00148408 education you can use this for any kind
+ni5hZPekIEc-00389-00148409-00148753 of development web development product
+ni5hZPekIEc-00390-00148754-00148828 development
+ni5hZPekIEc-00391-00148829-00148871 any
+ni5hZPekIEc-00392-00148872-00149096 development so the first thing is
+ni5hZPekIEc-00393-00149097-00149264 analyze of course you have to analyze
+ni5hZPekIEc-00394-00149265-00149407 your clients your client's needs
+ni5hZPekIEc-00395-00149408-00149720 especially your audience you have to
+ni5hZPekIEc-00396-00149721-00150106 understand who will visit the website
+ni5hZPekIEc-00397-00150107-00150640 website and unless the design like what
+ni5hZPekIEc-00398-00150641-00150966 we have just now the month the 40-plus
+ni5hZPekIEc-00399-00150967-00151240 requirements so that you need to take
+ni5hZPekIEc-00400-00151241-00151615 into consideration and developments and
+ni5hZPekIEc-00401-00151616-00151961 Boop's analyze what's actually the fact
+ni5hZPekIEc-00402-00151962-00152227 that we all you know your clients pool
+ni5hZPekIEc-00403-00152228-00152513 and develop the project around back
+ni5hZPekIEc-00404-00152514-00152831 after that design do a design free form
+ni5hZPekIEc-00405-00152832-00153151 or cup and establish a visual you know
+ni5hZPekIEc-00406-00153152-00153707 and check to the client so that when you
+ni5hZPekIEc-00407-00153708-00154037 start developing your I would say I want
+ni5hZPekIEc-00408-00154038-00154228 to change someone to ethics
+ni5hZPekIEc-00409-00154229-00154622 I can see small pieces it's it's really
+ni5hZPekIEc-00410-00154623-00155033 it's really you know for them you say
+ni5hZPekIEc-00411-00155034-00155402 when they say ok I I would like to have
+ni5hZPekIEc-00412-00155403-00155722 this feature what this fashion features
+ni5hZPekIEc-00413-00155723-00156045 it's not really that simple
+ni5hZPekIEc-00414-00156046-00156453 and that things when you are cut the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00415-00156454-00156789 developing so for cup first you can use
+ni5hZPekIEc-00416-00156790-00157087 envision mock-up just present to them
+ni5hZPekIEc-00417-00157088-00157534 that was what I did when I when I did
+ni5hZPekIEc-00418-00157535-00157969 the history of NHS I presented to them
+ni5hZPekIEc-00419-00157970-00158224 and I give me that with them because
+ni5hZPekIEc-00420-00158225-00158553 they questioned me why did this for why
+ni5hZPekIEc-00421-00158554-00158740 this for why this car
+ni5hZPekIEc-00422-00158741-00158998 why this spectrum they questioned
+ni5hZPekIEc-00423-00158999-00159439 everything they need to understand why
+ni5hZPekIEc-00424-00159440-00159765 why was the theory behind this and as a
+ni5hZPekIEc-00425-00159766-00160084 developer come the condition I need to
+ni5hZPekIEc-00426-00160085-00160377 you know to dig deeper
+ni5hZPekIEc-00427-00160378-00160849 like for example I use the above food
+ni5hZPekIEc-00428-00160850-00161574 kind of like theory of it's like food
+ni5hZPekIEc-00429-00161575-00162124 with the concept right so I when they
+ni5hZPekIEc-00430-00162125-00162495 true questions to be all true concepts
+ni5hZPekIEc-00431-00162496-00162706 you don't want me you can't convince
+ni5hZPekIEc-00432-00162707-00163179 that for you sir okay alright so and
+ni5hZPekIEc-00433-00163180-00163404 then you develop actual development and
+ni5hZPekIEc-00434-00163405-00163653 then you need to adhere to the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00435-00163654-00163927 milestones and report to the guidance at
+ni5hZPekIEc-00436-00163928-00164034 that
+ni5hZPekIEc-00437-00164035-00164342 so this is this is a progress right now
+ni5hZPekIEc-00438-00164343-00164531 that's a bad way
+ni5hZPekIEc-00439-00164532-00164778 implementation he deployed tested from
+ni5hZPekIEc-00440-00164779-00165045 the test over first whether it's okay or
+ni5hZPekIEc-00441-00165046-00165258 not and then you go in and then after
+ni5hZPekIEc-00442-00165259-00165630 that you give a week if any way you can
+ni5hZPekIEc-00443-00165631-00165951 embed Google Analytics inside your
+ni5hZPekIEc-00444-00165952-00166371 website and train track the you know the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00445-00166372-00166670 pockets on the pages where the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00446-00166671-00166980 behavioral flow to see whether your
+ni5hZPekIEc-00447-00166981-00167367 design really fit the course so that's
+ni5hZPekIEc-00448-00167368-00168275 how the goes right so that's the length
+ni5hZPekIEc-00449-00168276-00168606 you need to analyze you having an
+ni5hZPekIEc-00450-00168607-00169032 analysis everything lies with the data
+ni5hZPekIEc-00451-00169033-00169362 six then only you can you know put down
+ni5hZPekIEc-00452-00169363-00169541 that these are the project requirements
+ni5hZPekIEc-00453-00169542-00169916 and this is what you can do after that
+ni5hZPekIEc-00454-00169917-00170183 drakensberg briefs for the project
+ni5hZPekIEc-00455-00170184-00170508 please and please draw line because when
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00457-00170722-00170979 want to you know put as many
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00460-00171891-00172195 right negotiate requirement with petrol
+ni5hZPekIEc-00461-00172196-00172558 kiss ability of the development just
+ni5hZPekIEc-00462-00172559-00172762 negotiate with that if you can't do that
+ni5hZPekIEc-00463-00172763-00173059 or if you think that the features that
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00465-00173339-00173649 opportunity to the goal just just see
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00467-00174216-00174684 you
+ni5hZPekIEc-00468-00174685-00175227 they can be perfectionist you know I
+ni5hZPekIEc-00469-00175228-00175500 need this I need this I need this so you
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+ni5hZPekIEc-00477-00177892-00178290 you need to say to them otherwise the
+ni5hZPekIEc-00478-00178291-00178617 you know they are the or they will in
+ni5hZPekIEc-00479-00178618-00178898 this creativity
+ni5hZPekIEc-00480-00178899-00179262 thus designers we try to express
+ni5hZPekIEc-00481-00179263-00179499 ourselves through our products trying to
+ni5hZPekIEc-00482-00179500-00179838 be creative with our product but with
+ni5hZPekIEc-00483-00179839-00180225 that with that in mind we have the 40
+ni5hZPekIEc-00484-00180226-00180381 plus month
+ni5hZPekIEc-00485-00180382-00180801 guideline that we need to adhere so we
+ni5hZPekIEc-00486-00180802-00181413 need to try to find little software yeah
+ni5hZPekIEc-00487-00181414-00181701 so I think
+niga41iRlgQ-00001-00003571-00003959 thank you foreign
+niga41iRlgQ-00002-00003960-00006083 [Music]
+niga41iRlgQ-00003-00006084-00007045 [Music]
+niga41iRlgQ-00004-00007045-00007727 [Music]
+niga41iRlgQ-00005-00007728-00008005 foreign
+niga41iRlgQ-00006-00008006-00008963 [Music]
+niga41iRlgQ-00007-00008964-00009719 [Music]
+niga41iRlgQ-00008-00009720-00011795 [Music]
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00000-00001437-00001664 one of the most important things about
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00001-00001664-00002051 having a form like fame is to propose a
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00002-00002052-00002225 concrete alternative to the World Water
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00003-00002226-00002507 Forum we as the global water justice
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00004-00002508-00002663 movement don't believe that the World
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00005-00002664-00002965 Water Forum is a legitimate place to
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00006-00002966-00003263 speak about the policies on water we
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00007-00003264-00003431 don't think it's a it's a corporate
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00008-00003432-00003631 trade show basically and we don't think
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00009-00003632-00003881 that it's actually an open space where
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00010-00003882-00004142 where people can actually contribute to
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00011-00004143-00004376 what they believe is important it's
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00012-00004377-00004565 organized by the world water council
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00013-00004566-00004829 since 1997 and the world water Council
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00014-00004830-00005141 is basically led by by the private water
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00015-00005142-00005315 companies and it works for their
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00016-00005316-00005525 interest we don't see this in other
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00017-00005526-00005875 resources so why is water why are water
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00018-00005876-00006127 policies being discussed in a corporate
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00019-00006128-00006350 trade show instead of under the auspices
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00020-00006351-00006629 of the UN or a different kind of forum
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00021-00006630-00006887 or people summit so what we think is
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00022-00006888-00007067 important is to have something like Fame
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00023-00007068-00007273 to show that there is a People's
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00024-00007275-00007433 Movement who want to provide
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00025-00007434-00007684 alternatives which are not the solutions
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00026-00007686-00007880 that the private companies are proposing
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00027-00007881-00008111 it's not the high-tech expensive
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00028-00008112-00008315 innovations that they're proposing but
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00029-00008316-00008447 that there are alternatives to
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00030-00008448-00008720 privatization and the fact that this is
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00031-00008721-00008945 an open space where everyone can come to
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00032-00008946-00009164 and speak what they think about and we
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00033-00009165-00009443 don't think that water is a resource
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00034-00009444-00009632 that should be used for profit it is a
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00035-00009633-00009815 common good that belongs to all of us
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00036-00009816-00010063 and should be managed with with concrete
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00037-00010064-00010355 community participation and community
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00038-00010356-00010688 involvement and one of the big examples
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00039-00010689-00010916 we have is this fame is open to everyone
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00040-00010917-00011132 it's free the World Water Forum cost
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00041-00011133-00011381 seven hundred euros to go in for the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00042-00011382-00011627 week so they cannot at the same time say
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00043-00011628-00011741 they're listening to all stakeholders
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00044-00011742-00011993 when it's almost impossible for your
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00045-00011994-00012254 average citizen to even go inside the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00046-00012255-00012392 most important thing that comes out of
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00047-00012393-00012614 Fame is the fact that I think we've
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00048-00012615-00012838 already won I mean at least in the short
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00049-00012839-00013088 term in this mouse a battle of the two
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00050-00013088-00013349 forums in that sense we have one we have
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00051-00013350-00013505 almost the same numbers of participants
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00052-00013506-00013700 we've reached a high level we have more
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00053-00013701-00013946 than 3,000 participants in Fame and our
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00054-00013947-00014138 budget compared to the World Water Forum
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00055-00014138-00014333 which had a budget of 38 million and
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00056-00014334-00014494 ours was almost non-existent
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00057-00014494-00014730 i think is already a great success in
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00058-00014731-00015019 that sense the other the other most
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00059-00015019-00015175 important thing that comes out of fame i
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00060-00015176-00015355 think are the concrete proposals that
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00061-00015356-00015525 are coming out of all of the different
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00062-00015526-00015727 workshops and the 12 different themes
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00063-00015728-00016069 and then the other very important thing
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00064-00016069-00016225 for us is a global water justice
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00065-00016226-00016435 movement is it gives us a chance to all
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00066-00016436-00016630 come together and meet and discuss our
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00067-00016631-00016822 strategies and how we want to go forward
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00068-00016823-00017019 and what kind of movement we want to
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00069-00017020-00017158 build how do we make sure that the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00070-00017159-00017371 movement is sustainable and what are the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00071-00017372-00017578 new challenges that face us what are the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00072-00017579-00017808 new strategies we need to do because
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00073-00017809-00018069 every time we have a strong victory the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00074-00018070-00018253 other side coops our language and says
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00075-00018254-00018408 oh yes we think this as well and then
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00076-00018409-00018664 they morph it into another argument so
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00077-00018665-00018819 what we need to do and what the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00078-00018820-00018988 important thing is is really to discuss
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00079-00018989-00019278 how we're going to be quick and creative
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00080-00019279-00019474 and to be a step ahead of them instead
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00081-00019475-00019702 of just reacting with counterproposals
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00082-00019703-00019855 every time and i think this is one of
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00083-00019856-00020031 the big successes we have this time is
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00084-00020032-00020293 that we're moving faster with them so
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00085-00020294-00020469 that we actually have concrete
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00086-00020470-00020752 strategies to to propose and that the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00087-00020753-00020952 global water justice movement is really
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00088-00020953-00021193 solidifying and we have a new energy of
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00089-00021194-00021330 people I mean you see the difference
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00090-00021331-00021502 just walking into the World Water Forum
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00091-00021503-00021712 and walking into Fame we have so much
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00092-00021713-00022114 energy here and so much good discussions
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00093-00022115-00022366 and vibes that I mean in that sense I
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00094-00022367-00022528 think we've already been we've already
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00095-00022529-00022714 been a great success one of the most
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00096-00022715-00022840 important issues that we're talking
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00097-00022841-00023037 about here which was not treated by the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00098-00023038-00023259 World Water Forum is how to actually
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00099-00023260-00023449 prevent water pollution so what the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00100-00023450-00023617 World Water Forum keeps talking about is
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00101-00023618-00023811 what are the technological technological
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00102-00023812-00024081 solutions we have to treat all these bad
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00103-00024082-00024277 industrial practices bad agricultural
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00104-00024278-00024471 practices without actually tackling
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00105-00024472-00024730 where the water pollution is coming from
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00106-00024731-00024858 it's just we have all these
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00107-00024859-00025090 technological innovations which cost so
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00108-00025091-00025350 much money will carry on letting the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00109-00025351-00025509 industry behave the way they want will
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00110-00025510-00025681 carry on letting agriculture be
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00111-00025682-00026002 intensive monoculture and then we'll
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00112-00026002-00026202 find ways to treat it expensively so
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00113-00026203-00026380 that we can make more money for it so
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00114-00026381-00026512 one of the most important issues were
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00115-00026513-00026739 talking here at Fame is how to integrate
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00116-00026741-00027019 you know the anti-fracking movements the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00117-00027020-00027298 anti damn movements the agricultural
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00118-00027299-00027457 food sovereignty movements how we can
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00119-00027458-00027607 work all together to make sure that
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00120-00027608-00027787 water is managed in a hole
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00121-00027788-00028087 stick way and that it's not only the the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00122-00028088-00028279 water sector so this is one of the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00123-00028280-00028501 important issues another important issue
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00124-00028502-00028789 is how to manage urban urban and rural
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00125-00028789-00029062 water services as well so one of the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00126-00029063-00029272 basic themes of Fame is that water
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00127-00029273-00029427 should not be privatized it should be
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00128-00029429-00029677 public so we're talking about public and
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00129-00029677-00029836 community alternatives which are
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00130-00029837-00030187 available instead of privatization for
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00131-00030188-00030420 example public public partnerships where
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00132-00030422-00030700 you have public bodies which can partner
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00133-00030701-00030958 to improve their services so you can
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00134-00030958-00031219 also have a northern public service and
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00135-00031220-00031411 the southern public service which team
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00136-00031412-00031714 up to exchange best practices transfer
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00137-00031714-00032064 of expertise without any intention to
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00138-00032066-00032317 gain profit from the partnership so
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00139-00032318-00032455 that's one of the most important ones
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00140-00032456-00032692 and then another important issue is of
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00141-00032693-00032923 course women in water the role that
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00142-00032924-00033160 women have in water management and is
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00143-00033161-00033448 the problem of water in so many
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00144-00033449-00033679 countries actually an obstacle to
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00145-00033680-00033889 emancipation for women because women are
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00146-00033890-00034081 usually the ones who take care of water
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00147-00034082-00034372 in the household and then lastly one of
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00148-00034373-00034492 the important issues we're dealing with
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00149-00034493-00034759 as well is to remember that fame is in
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00150-00034760-00034963 the context of all of the global
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00151-00034964-00035158 meetings which are coming up as well so
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00152-00035159-00035458 it's not just an isolated event so we're
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00153-00035459-00035632 also focusing on the link with Rio plus
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00154-00035633-00035845 20 which will happen in June and the
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00155-00035846-00035995 whole discussion of the green economy
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00156-00035996-00036193 which is happening now where they
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00157-00036194-00036397 basically want to commodify everything
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00158-00036398-00036523 in nature so we're not just talking
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00159-00036524-00036727 about water services anymore but water
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00160-00036728-00036907 is a resource itself mean this is not a
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00161-00036908-00037123 conclusion this is not the end of
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00162-00037124-00037354 something there was a lot of organizing
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00163-00037355-00037552 work that came into this but this is one
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00164-00037553-00037792 of the big seeds that we've planted in
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00165-00037793-00038032 the global water movement and and that
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00166-00038033-00038332 we will carry on fighting this and every
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00167-00038333-00038470 time we lose it will just make us even
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00168-00038471-00038656 stronger every time we win we'll make us
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00169-00038657-00038935 even stronger and we won't give up so
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00170-00038936-00039184 this is just one big important step and
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00171-00039185-00041139 in the long in the long term
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00172-00041140-00042174 you
+nnh1YkkPrbc-00173-00042175-00042381 you
+ooF9JtceLZy-00000-00000122-00000337 [Music]
+ooF9JtceLZy-00001-00000338-00000649 hi my name is mud who just been for a
+ooF9JtceLZy-00002-00000650-00001027 trip up of winning we spent two weeks
+ooF9JtceLZy-00003-00001028-00001316 for very dangerous and very exciting
+ooF9JtceLZy-00004-00001317-00001625 trip in Korowai tribe is one of the
+ooF9JtceLZy-00005-00001626-00001847 indention tribes in the world and being
+ooF9JtceLZy-00006-00001848-00002052 in the men's five seven years we tried
+ooF9JtceLZy-00007-00002053-00002363 to disappear and also there are
+ooF9JtceLZy-00008-00002364-00002758 cannibals it was very important for me
+ooF9JtceLZy-00009-00002759-00003095 to see them and to feel difference
+ooF9JtceLZy-00010-00003096-00003584 between our life in their life we try to
+ooF9JtceLZy-00011-00003585-00003820 be open with them to show them Ukraine
+ooF9JtceLZy-00012-00003821-00004204 our traditions style of living they
+ooF9JtceLZy-00013-00004205-00004418 build their houses on trees the high
+ooF9JtceLZy-00014-00004419-00004790 trees starts from seven meters to 45
+ooF9JtceLZy-00015-00004791-00005113 meters they see they're 45 meters and
+ooF9JtceLZy-00016-00005114-00005429 they just put a fire and try to put
+ooF9JtceLZy-00017-00005430-00005690 there some food the values of the
+ooF9JtceLZy-00018-00005691-00005975 families is you it's amazing they're not
+ooF9JtceLZy-00019-00005976-00006352 using cash or money or credit cards they
+ooF9JtceLZy-00020-00006353-00006752 use these mobile dogs if you have a lot
+ooF9JtceLZy-00021-00006753-00007039 of pigs you you have a lot of wives who
+ooF9JtceLZy-00022-00007040-00007388 are the richest man of of the tribe or I
+ooF9JtceLZy-00023-00007389-00007580 brought with me a lot of Ukrainians have
+ooF9JtceLZy-00024-00007581-00008012 become almost like cash they just give
+ooF9JtceLZy-00025-00008013-00008248 them for free
+ooF9JtceLZy-00026-00008249-00008603 if you want to be one of the Trust's
+ooF9JtceLZy-00027-00008604-00008878 people on the in the tribe so you have
+ooF9JtceLZy-00028-00008879-00009645 to be like show yourself in a good way
+ooF9JtceLZy-00029-00009646-00009919 try to be friendly with them we'll try
+ooF9JtceLZy-00030-00009920-00010294 to make friends and show them that we
+ooF9JtceLZy-00031-00010295-00010405 are on the same line
+ooF9JtceLZy-00032-00010406-00010603 that we are the same people just
+ooF9JtceLZy-00033-00010604-00010935 different colors it was very nice to see
+ooF9JtceLZy-00034-00010936-00011292 them happy to see them smiling and they
+ooF9JtceLZy-00035-00011293-00011851 finish the latest run to their house and
+ooF9JtceLZy-00036-00011852-00012130 try to show them that we are better or
+ooF9JtceLZy-00037-00012131-00012454 richer we just try to show that we're a
+ooF9JtceLZy-00038-00012455-00012793 simple people white people's same like
+ooF9JtceLZy-00039-00012794-00012900 black people
+ooF9JtceLZy-00040-00012901-00013705 there is no difference they believe in
+ooF9JtceLZy-00041-00013706-00014025 ghosts so it was one of the easy ways to
+ooF9JtceLZy-00042-00014026-00014269 speak to them because we believe in one
+ooF9JtceLZy-00043-00014269-00014619 God they afraid of black seseri people
+ooF9JtceLZy-00044-00014619-00014931 if they found people like this they just
+ooF9JtceLZy-00045-00014932-00015536 eat them
+ooF9JtceLZy-00046-00015537-00015886 this is their lifestyle so so we have
+ooF9JtceLZy-00047-00015887-00016291 accepted it's one of the ways to
+ooF9JtceLZy-00048-00016291-00016603 understand them and show them that we
+ooF9JtceLZy-00049-00016604-00016911 respect them for oh I tribes one of them
+ooF9JtceLZy-00050-00016912-00017109 touch drives the world and you have to
+ooF9JtceLZy-00051-00017110-00017630 see
+ooF9JtceLZy-00052-00017631-00017881 [Music]
+o4am56AYcRg-00000-00000114-00000394 a short beginner's guide on how to price
+o4am56AYcRg-00001-00000395-00000701 Salah starting your journey of Salat to
+o4am56AYcRg-00002-00000702-00000923 connect to your creator with simple
+o4am56AYcRg-00003-00000924-00001265 step-by-step instructions written by the
+o4am56AYcRg-00004-00001266-00001487 sincere Seeker from the sincere Seeker
+o4am56AYcRg-00005-00001488-00001618 collection
+o4am56AYcRg-00006-00001619-00002101 narrated by Austin vanfleet
+o4am56AYcRg-00007-00002102-00002249 [Music]
+o4am56AYcRg-00008-00002250-00002591 where can one praying individually and
+o4am56AYcRg-00009-00002592-00002968 in congregation with others
+o4am56AYcRg-00010-00002969-00003142 prayers can either be performed
+o4am56AYcRg-00011-00003143-00003377 individually or in a congregation with
+o4am56AYcRg-00012-00003378-00003472 others
+o4am56AYcRg-00013-00003473-00003688 one can pray individually or in
+o4am56AYcRg-00014-00003689-00004025 congregation at home work mosque or
+o4am56AYcRg-00015-00004026-00004283 anywhere indoors or Outdoors except in
+o4am56AYcRg-00016-00004284-00004481 bathrooms and graveyards
+o4am56AYcRg-00017-00004482-00004738 you are also allowed to pray Outdoors as
+o4am56AYcRg-00018-00004739-00004913 the whole earth has been permissible as
+o4am56AYcRg-00019-00004914-00005225 a place of worship including Sand Grass
+o4am56AYcRg-00020-00005226-00005543 Etc unless there are signs of impurity
+o4am56AYcRg-00021-00005544-00005765 males are highly recommended to pray in
+o4am56AYcRg-00022-00005766-00005975 congregation with others in one of God's
+o4am56AYcRg-00023-00005976-00006263 houses called mosques Friday prayers are
+o4am56AYcRg-00024-00006264-00006425 required to be prayed in the mosque for
+o4am56AYcRg-00025-00006426-00006701 all males and not required for females
+o4am56AYcRg-00026-00006702-00006970 while not required many Muslims use a
+o4am56AYcRg-00027-00006972-00007286 prayer mat to prey on
+o6acSY75kgu-00000-00000360-00000599 boxing training is a comprehensive
+o6acSY75kgu-00001-00000600-00000743 workout
+o6acSY75kgu-00002-00000744-00000991 you have to engage your physical your
+o6acSY75kgu-00003-00000992-00001335 mental as well as your spiritual
+o6acSY75kgu-00004-00001336-00001535 there's never any limits even if you
+o6acSY75kgu-00005-00001536-00001734 wanted to be the world champion it's all
+o6acSY75kgu-00006-00001735-00001918 on you
+o6acSY75kgu-00007-00001919-00002134 it's a lot that goes into fighting and a
+o6acSY75kgu-00008-00002135-00002367 lot of times it's pain and fighting is
+o6acSY75kgu-00009-00002368-00002583 the outlet to get it off for you when
+o6acSY75kgu-00010-00002584-00002742 you have a trainer that makes you feel
+o6acSY75kgu-00011-00002743-00002966 good it really helps as far as getting
+o6acSY75kgu-00012-00002967-00003126 yourself back together
+o6acSY75kgu-00013-00003127-00003399 it's incumbent on that trainer to make
+o6acSY75kgu-00014-00003400-00003654 sure that overall they're steering that
+o6acSY75kgu-00015-00003655-00003879 human being in a way that even after
+o6acSY75kgu-00016-00003879-00004199 boxing they can thrive and that takes a
+o6acSY75kgu-00017-00004200-00004454 lot of teaching not just in the marshall
+o6acSY75kgu-00018-00004455-00004686 science but in the human science
+o6acSY75kgu-00019-00004687-00004991 when i seen boxing helping transform me
+o6acSY75kgu-00020-00004992-00005191 i knew i could provide a service that
+o6acSY75kgu-00021-00005192-00005359 they can keep with them forever that's
+o6acSY75kgu-00022-00005360-00005771 why we call it a fighter for life
+orsEcdunGaA-00000-00000048-00000327 what does it mean to be emotionally weak
+orsEcdunGaA-00001-00000328-00000519 emotional weakness is not being able to
+orsEcdunGaA-00002-00000520-00000734 regulate or express your emotions in a
+orsEcdunGaA-00003-00000735-00000782 healthy
+orsEcdunGaA-00004-00000783-00001047 well-balanced way it isn't anyone's
+orsEcdunGaA-00005-00001048-00001111 fault
+orsEcdunGaA-00006-00001112-00001295 nor is it something to be ashamed of if
+orsEcdunGaA-00007-00001296-00001470 you feel you haven't reached a certain
+orsEcdunGaA-00008-00001471-00001639 level of emotional strength
+orsEcdunGaA-00009-00001639-00001918 it's a process requiring patience to
+orsEcdunGaA-00010-00001919-00002095 help you become more self-aware
+orsEcdunGaA-00011-00002096-00002318 here are seven habits that make you
+orsEcdunGaA-00012-00002319-00002479 emotionally weak
+orsEcdunGaA-00013-00002480-00002823 number one not believing in yourself
+orsEcdunGaA-00014-00002824-00003031 what's something you think you're bad at
+orsEcdunGaA-00015-00003032-00003191 what about genuinely trying that
+orsEcdunGaA-00016-00003192-00003286 activity again
+orsEcdunGaA-00017-00003288-00003527 after deciding you're no good at it it's
+orsEcdunGaA-00018-00003528-00003711 important to realize that an initial
+orsEcdunGaA-00019-00003711-00003886 failure doesn't mean you aren't gifted
+orsEcdunGaA-00020-00003887-00004095 or talented enough for something
+orsEcdunGaA-00021-00004096-00004254 if you only stick to first tries you'll
+orsEcdunGaA-00022-00004255-00004399 likely end up limiting and dragging
+orsEcdunGaA-00023-00004400-00004679 yourself down in psychology this is
+orsEcdunGaA-00024-00004680-00004911 called a self-fulfilling prophecy
+orsEcdunGaA-00025-00004912-00005102 simply put if you believe something is
+orsEcdunGaA-00026-00005103-00005302 true you subconsciously go out of your
+orsEcdunGaA-00027-00005303-00005431 way to affirm it
+orsEcdunGaA-00028-00005432-00005647 for example if you believe you'll fail
+orsEcdunGaA-00029-00005648-00005759 the math test
+orsEcdunGaA-00030-00005760-00005943 you're much more likely to do worse
+orsEcdunGaA-00031-00005944-00006159 since you have such low confidence
+orsEcdunGaA-00032-00006160-00006343 what this means is not having faith in
+orsEcdunGaA-00033-00006344-00006550 yourself makes you both emotionally weak
+orsEcdunGaA-00034-00006551-00006767 and it makes you perform worse so watch
+orsEcdunGaA-00035-00006768-00006855 out
+orsEcdunGaA-00036-00006856-00007151 number two not taking care of yourself
+orsEcdunGaA-00037-00007152-00007310 do you struggle with taking breaks when
+orsEcdunGaA-00038-00007311-00007406 needed
+orsEcdunGaA-00039-00007408-00007614 while it sounds counterintuitive in a
+orsEcdunGaA-00040-00007615-00007791 work-oriented society
+orsEcdunGaA-00041-00007792-00008031 it's actually sometimes harder to rest
+orsEcdunGaA-00042-00008031-00008191 than to keep pushing yourself to the
+orsEcdunGaA-00043-00008192-00008287 limit
+orsEcdunGaA-00044-00008288-00008478 emotional weakness tends to force people
+orsEcdunGaA-00045-00008479-00008623 to base their self-worth
+orsEcdunGaA-00046-00008624-00008927 on their achievements status or finances
+orsEcdunGaA-00047-00008928-00009183 instead of who they are as a person
+orsEcdunGaA-00048-00009184-00009367 after all regardless of how often we
+orsEcdunGaA-00049-00009368-00009463 hear the phrase
+orsEcdunGaA-00050-00009464-00009671 love yourself it's still incredibly hard
+orsEcdunGaA-00051-00009672-00009831 to put into practice
+orsEcdunGaA-00052-00009832-00010055 this can lead to many problems such as
+orsEcdunGaA-00053-00010056-00010191 avoiding self-care
+orsEcdunGaA-00054-00010192-00010399 not prioritizing your physical health
+orsEcdunGaA-00055-00010400-00010559 and burnout
+orsEcdunGaA-00056-00010560-00010719 you may not realize it but there is
+orsEcdunGaA-00057-00010720-00010927 strength in taking breaks
+orsEcdunGaA-00058-00010928-00011183 your worth isn't based upon what you do
+orsEcdunGaA-00059-00011184-00011246 instead
+orsEcdunGaA-00060-00011247-00011583 it's based on who you are number three
+orsEcdunGaA-00061-00011584-00011759 making decisions based upon emotions
+orsEcdunGaA-00062-00011760-00011919 instead of values
+orsEcdunGaA-00063-00011920-00012070 do you tend to think with your heart
+orsEcdunGaA-00064-00012071-00012263 rather than your head have you ever
+orsEcdunGaA-00065-00012264-00012431 regretted letting your initial reaction
+orsEcdunGaA-00066-00012432-00012623 to something get out of control
+orsEcdunGaA-00067-00012624-00012822 if so you know all too well about
+orsEcdunGaA-00068-00012823-00012958 letting your emotions get the best of
+orsEcdunGaA-00069-00012959-00013046 you
+orsEcdunGaA-00070-00013047-00013199 not being able to balance your emotions
+orsEcdunGaA-00071-00013200-00013351 with your morals and logic
+orsEcdunGaA-00072-00013352-00013622 is a telltale sign of emotional weakness
+orsEcdunGaA-00073-00013623-00013807 how you feel should be a factor in your
+orsEcdunGaA-00074-00013808-00013886 decisions
+orsEcdunGaA-00075-00013887-00014038 but when it becomes the driving force
+orsEcdunGaA-00076-00014040-00014247 you end up making impulsive uninformed
+orsEcdunGaA-00077-00014247-00014422 or dramatic choices
+orsEcdunGaA-00078-00014423-00014679 so when faced with a difficult decision
+orsEcdunGaA-00079-00014680-00014855 trying to identify the emotion you're
+orsEcdunGaA-00080-00014856-00014903 feeling
+orsEcdunGaA-00081-00014904-00015055 and seeing whether it's outweighing your
+orsEcdunGaA-00082-00015056-00015263 values and reasons stops you from making
+orsEcdunGaA-00083-00015263-00015479 irrational decisions
+orsEcdunGaA-00084-00015480-00015766 hey psych-goers i'm curious to know
+orsEcdunGaA-00085-00015768-00015863 would you rather
+orsEcdunGaA-00086-00015863-00016207 date online or meet someone in person
+orsEcdunGaA-00087-00016208-00016358 i would love to see your answers in the
+orsEcdunGaA-00088-00016359-00016591 comments i'm asking you because today's
+orsEcdunGaA-00089-00016592-00016711 video is sponsored by
+orsEcdunGaA-00090-00016712-00016950 dive the first ever dating app for
+orsEcdunGaA-00091-00016951-00017079 meeting in person
+orsEcdunGaA-00092-00017080-00017311 rather than online the way it works is
+orsEcdunGaA-00093-00017312-00017471 whenever you're at a certain location
+orsEcdunGaA-00094-00017472-00017583 you can just check in
+orsEcdunGaA-00095-00017584-00017879 and see who else is there in the app and
+orsEcdunGaA-00096-00017880-00017919 link
+orsEcdunGaA-00097-00017920-00018167 to who you're interested in if they link
+orsEcdunGaA-00098-00018168-00018230 back
+orsEcdunGaA-00099-00018231-00018479 you're matched since you're already at
+orsEcdunGaA-00100-00018480-00018558 the same place
+orsEcdunGaA-00101-00018559-00018783 you can just chat and say where you are
+orsEcdunGaA-00102-00018784-00019014 so you and your date can meet instantly
+orsEcdunGaA-00103-00019015-00019207 the idea is that if you express a liking
+orsEcdunGaA-00104-00019208-00019414 towards each other in an app first
+orsEcdunGaA-00105-00019415-00019607 you can skip the fear of rejection most
+orsEcdunGaA-00106-00019608-00019879 of us have making it a lot easier to
+orsEcdunGaA-00107-00019880-00019958 meet
+orsEcdunGaA-00108-00019959-00020199 with this ingenious idea if you want to
+orsEcdunGaA-00109-00020200-00020367 help you can become a supporter by
+orsEcdunGaA-00110-00020368-00020535 checking out their indiegogo campaign
+orsEcdunGaA-00111-00020536-00020686 that just launched today
+orsEcdunGaA-00112-00020687-00020863 click the description box below to see
+orsEcdunGaA-00113-00020864-00021022 how you can support
+orsEcdunGaA-00114-00021023-00021271 number four judging yourself for how you
+orsEcdunGaA-00115-00021272-00021383 feel
+orsEcdunGaA-00116-00021384-00021655 this isn't a normal feeling or i
+orsEcdunGaA-00117-00021656-00021799 shouldn't feel like this since no one
+orsEcdunGaA-00118-00021800-00021886 else does
+orsEcdunGaA-00119-00021887-00022063 do you ever think to yourself phrases
+orsEcdunGaA-00120-00022064-00022294 like these it may be easy to judge
+orsEcdunGaA-00121-00022295-00022471 yourself for how you feel but doing so
+orsEcdunGaA-00122-00022472-00022607 can have many unintended
+orsEcdunGaA-00123-00022608-00022847 consequences these pave the road for
+orsEcdunGaA-00124-00022848-00022983 emotional weakness
+orsEcdunGaA-00125-00022984-00023239 why so because these questions cause you
+orsEcdunGaA-00126-00023240-00023311 to suppress
+orsEcdunGaA-00127-00023312-00023639 deny or deflect your emotions in reality
+orsEcdunGaA-00128-00023640-00023791 your emotions are one of the biggest
+orsEcdunGaA-00129-00023792-00023958 indicators as to what you should and
+orsEcdunGaA-00130-00023959-00024063 shouldn't do
+orsEcdunGaA-00131-00024064-00024342 your boundaries and what you enjoy they
+orsEcdunGaA-00132-00024343-00024519 serve as a guide to you
+orsEcdunGaA-00133-00024520-00024711 so it's important to remember that all
+orsEcdunGaA-00134-00024712-00024839 feelings are valid
+orsEcdunGaA-00135-00024840-00025150 and so deserve to be expressed number
+orsEcdunGaA-00136-00025151-00025230 five
+orsEcdunGaA-00137-00025231-00025407 needing to find a reason behind
+orsEcdunGaA-00138-00025408-00025558 everything
+orsEcdunGaA-00139-00025559-00025758 do you believe in the phrase everything
+orsEcdunGaA-00140-00025760-00025990 happens for a reason
+orsEcdunGaA-00141-00025991-00026167 it isn't prudent to hold it accountable
+orsEcdunGaA-00142-00026168-00026374 for everything that occurs
+orsEcdunGaA-00143-00026375-00026567 trying to find reason in everything may
+orsEcdunGaA-00144-00026568-00026774 end up making you emotionally weaker
+orsEcdunGaA-00145-00026775-00026943 this is because you end up spending more
+orsEcdunGaA-00146-00026944-00027167 time overthinking and analyzing whenever
+orsEcdunGaA-00147-00027168-00027295 something that you can't explain or
+orsEcdunGaA-00148-00027295-00027462 rationalize happens
+orsEcdunGaA-00149-00027463-00027631 it takes the focus away from taking
+orsEcdunGaA-00150-00027632-00027870 action and looking for ways to cope
+orsEcdunGaA-00151-00027872-00028087 a huge sign of emotional strength is
+orsEcdunGaA-00152-00028088-00028246 being able to recognize and accept
+orsEcdunGaA-00153-00028247-00028399 situations as they occur
+orsEcdunGaA-00154-00028400-00028679 and making the best of them number six
+orsEcdunGaA-00155-00028680-00028879 trying to control and plan
+orsEcdunGaA-00156-00028880-00029151 everything do you have your whole life
+orsEcdunGaA-00157-00029152-00029231 mapped out
+orsEcdunGaA-00158-00029232-00029414 have you planned exactly what career you
+orsEcdunGaA-00159-00029416-00029574 want if you'll get married if you want
+orsEcdunGaA-00160-00029575-00029623 kids
+orsEcdunGaA-00161-00029624-00029918 and more while making a timeline is a
+orsEcdunGaA-00162-00029919-00030127 great way to get a general idea of what
+orsEcdunGaA-00163-00030127-00030255 you want in life
+orsEcdunGaA-00164-00030256-00030543 almost nothing goes according to plan if
+orsEcdunGaA-00165-00030544-00030751 you become too set on one path
+orsEcdunGaA-00166-00030752-00030943 you can become close-minded and miss
+orsEcdunGaA-00167-00030944-00031095 many opportunities simply because you
+orsEcdunGaA-00168-00031095-00031207 weren't looking
+orsEcdunGaA-00169-00031208-00031343 you may also end up becoming less
+orsEcdunGaA-00170-00031344-00031574 emotionally flexible meaning if anything
+orsEcdunGaA-00171-00031575-00031767 goes wrong you're more likely to fall
+orsEcdunGaA-00172-00031768-00031839 apart
+orsEcdunGaA-00173-00031839-00032151 than adapt finally similar to needing to
+orsEcdunGaA-00174-00032152-00032295 find a reason behind everything
+orsEcdunGaA-00175-00032295-00032495 you could spend more time preparing than
+orsEcdunGaA-00176-00032495-00032607 actually doing
+orsEcdunGaA-00177-00032608-00032815 the bottom line is a key part of
+orsEcdunGaA-00178-00032816-00032927 emotional strength
+orsEcdunGaA-00179-00032928-00033127 is accepting you can't foresee
+orsEcdunGaA-00180-00033128-00033335 everything no matter how scary that
+orsEcdunGaA-00181-00033336-00033431 sounds
+orsEcdunGaA-00182-00033432-00033671 and number seven letting others control
+orsEcdunGaA-00183-00033672-00033767 you
+orsEcdunGaA-00184-00033768-00033959 have you ever purchased something just
+orsEcdunGaA-00185-00033960-00034111 because it was popular
+orsEcdunGaA-00186-00034112-00034262 being able to stand out from the crowd
+orsEcdunGaA-00187-00034263-00034407 and be yourself is a huge sign of
+orsEcdunGaA-00188-00034408-00034559 emotional strength
+orsEcdunGaA-00189-00034560-00034759 on the other hand when you let others
+orsEcdunGaA-00190-00034760-00034967 influence you you might prioritize their
+orsEcdunGaA-00191-00034968-00035111 needs over your own and end up making
+orsEcdunGaA-00192-00035112-00035343 choices that don't actually benefit you
+orsEcdunGaA-00193-00035344-00035502 others could recognize this emotional
+orsEcdunGaA-00194-00035503-00035687 weakness and try to take advantage of
+orsEcdunGaA-00195-00035688-00035759 you
+orsEcdunGaA-00196-00035760-00036007 so while it might be hard it's important
+orsEcdunGaA-00197-00036008-00036199 to remember that your wants and needs
+orsEcdunGaA-00198-00036200-00036318 are ultimately the most
+orsEcdunGaA-00199-00036319-00036559 important factor in your life emotional
+orsEcdunGaA-00200-00036560-00036735 weakness isn't something to be ashamed
+orsEcdunGaA-00201-00036736-00036799 of
+orsEcdunGaA-00202-00036800-00037055 it takes time energy and experience to
+orsEcdunGaA-00203-00037056-00037190 become emotionally stronger
+orsEcdunGaA-00204-00037191-00037351 so don't be too hard on yourself if
+orsEcdunGaA-00205-00037352-00037551 you're not there yet the most important
+orsEcdunGaA-00206-00037552-00037751 thing is to remember to be patient and
+orsEcdunGaA-00207-00037752-00037855 kind to yourself
+orsEcdunGaA-00208-00037856-00038046 as you continue to emotionally grow and
+orsEcdunGaA-00209-00038047-00038183 mature
+orsEcdunGaA-00210-00038184-00038439 were you aware of these habits if so do
+orsEcdunGaA-00211-00038440-00038583 you think this can help you recognize
+orsEcdunGaA-00212-00038584-00038695 and cope with them
+orsEcdunGaA-00213-00038696-00038839 feel free to leave a comment down below
+orsEcdunGaA-00214-00038840-00038999 with your thoughts experiences or
+orsEcdunGaA-00215-00039000-00039102 suggestions
+orsEcdunGaA-00216-00039103-00039246 if you found this video helpful be sure
+orsEcdunGaA-00217-00039247-00039390 to hit the like button and share it with
+orsEcdunGaA-00218-00039391-00039567 those out there unknowingly practicing
+orsEcdunGaA-00219-00039568-00039702 these phrases
+orsEcdunGaA-00220-00039703-00039855 don't forget to subscribe to psyc2go and
+orsEcdunGaA-00221-00039856-00040046 hit the notification bell icon for more
+orsEcdunGaA-00222-00040047-00040135 new videos
+orsEcdunGaA-00223-00040136-00040246 thanks for watching and we'll see you
+orsEcdunGaA-00224-00040247-00040519 soon
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00000-00001186-00001589 bamboo theater
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00001-00001590-00001971 bamboo theater Han Kang village a lush
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00002-00001972-00002181 green forest covers a mountainside
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00003-00002182-00002492 a village sits at the base of another
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00004-00002493-00002844 tree-lined mountain a road winds through
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00005-00002845-00003369 the lush bright green forest
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00006-00003370-00003703 rough stone steps lead up a hill passed
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00007-00003704-00004051 bamboo plants the size of trees nearby
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00008-00004052-00004303 an amphitheater with stone seating and a
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00009-00004304-00004615 sandy floor is encircled by tall arching
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00010-00004616-00005244 bamboo plants
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00011-00005245-00005566 shuh chyron constructor of bamboo
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00012-00005567-00005830 theater local people used to use bamboo
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00013-00005831-00006172 to make Mambu baskets now I use bamboo
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00014-00006173-00006370 to make a theatre presenting another
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00015-00006371-00006793 feeling of bamboo he climbs an aluminum
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00016-00006794-00007033 ladder to reach a bamboo platform in the
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00017-00007034-00007444 canopy bending wouldn't break off bamboo
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00018-00007445-00007723 because of its flexibility if it was a
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00019-00007723-00007942 tree it would break off while bending it
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00020-00007943-00008158 to this degree but bamboo wouldn't
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00021-00008159-00008476 generally when the theaters done lots of
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00022-00008477-00008685 people come to visit some people know I
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00023-00008686-00008893 built it and would ask me where it is to
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00024-00008894-00009115 find this beautiful place I feel quite
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00025-00009116-00009592 good a traditional Chinese opera is
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00026-00009593-00009841 performed in the space members of the
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00027-00009842-00010444 audience take pictures with their phones
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00028-00010445-00010775 one of the performers leans back gazing
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00029-00010776-00010931 up at the hole in the center of the
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00030-00010932-00011354 bamboo canopy shuu-chan ten principle of
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00031-00011355-00011609 DNA design and architecture with the
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00032-00011610-00011783 character of this type of bamboo from
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00033-00011784-00012002 the mountains the villagers can easily
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00034-00012003-00012173 weave them into an open space in the
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00035-00012174-00012386 nature this is also a metabolic
+osfcj9dYK_Q-00036-00012387-00012686 architecture
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00000-00000000-00000286 hi everybody welcome to do it yourself
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00001-00000287-00000551 cellular intrusion detection my name is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00002-00000552-00000757 sherry davidoff this is david harrison
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00003-00000758-00001000 Randy price and Scott fret Heim were
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00004-00001001-00001904 from LMG security so if your cell phone
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00005-00001905-00002085 were hacked how would you know about it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00006-00002086-00002345 probably half of you today in this room
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00007-00002346-00002567 have cell phones that are hacked but you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00008-00002568-00002708 can't tell you can pick it up you can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00009-00002709-00002957 look at it the the video that you see on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00010-00002958-00003122 the screen here and I don't know why
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00011-00003123-00003247 it's not displaying rate resolution
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00012-00003248-00003443 sorry about that the video you display
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00013-00003444-00003674 on the screen here is showing us a video
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00014-00003675-00003890 of a cell phone that's infected with the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00015-00003890-00004206 Android stels malware so what you see is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00016-00004207-00004499 sending data out to the Netherlands
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00017-00004500-00004713 every five minutes or every 15 minutes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00018-00004714-00004886 depending on whether or not it actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00019-00004887-00005038 gets a response from the command and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00020-00005039-00005276 control server and if you were a user
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00021-00005277-00005417 looking at this phone you would never
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00022-00005418-00005792 know about it there has been an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00023-00005793-00006022 explosion of mobile malware in recent
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00024-00006023-00006181 years I don't know if you've seen the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00025-00006182-00006386 Juniper paper on mobile threats it was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00026-00006387-00006634 really good very interesting and juniper
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00027-00006636-00006820 estimates that the number of mobile
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00028-00006822-00007084 malware samples has increased 614
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00029-00007086-00007396 percent between March 2012 and march two
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00030-00007397-00007567 thousand thirteen and it makes sense
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00031-00007568-00007688 because when you think about it these
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00032-00007689-00007870 are just teeny tiny little computers
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00033-00007872-00008017 that you're walking around with they can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00034-00008018-00008144 record you they can track you wherever
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00035-00008145-00008369 you go they can do anything that you can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00036-00008370-00008489 do with your cell phone if they get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00037-00008490-00008699 infected this is a screenshot of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00038-00008700-00008942 tigerbot tigerbot came out a couple
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00039-00008943-00009181 years ago and it can record the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00040-00009182-00009452 surrounding audio in the room it can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00041-00009453-00009695 also track your GPS location and send it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00042-00009696-00010024 back to an attacker I think it's really
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00043-00010025-00010259 cool cool and sort of scary where this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00044-00010260-00010484 is going because you can have botnets of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00045-00010485-00010753 infected computers of course on normal
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00046-00010754-00010999 lands and soon we're also going to see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00047-00011000-00011210 botnets of infected smartphones when
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00048-00011211-00011396 they came out with snort with us the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00049-00011397-00011821 storm our attackers can actually segment
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00050-00011822-00012008 that mauer into different nodes so you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00051-00012009-00012281 have notes communicating with different
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00052-00012282-00012416 encryption keys so if you have 10
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00053-00012417-00012647 infected systems inside one land
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00054-00012648-00012851 20 infected systems inside another land
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00055-00012852-00013066 they're communicating peer-to-peer with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00056-00013068-00013213 different encryption keys and that means
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00057-00013215-00013358 that an attacker if they want to can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00058-00013359-00013591 sell them off separately similarly with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00059-00013593-00013813 smartphones attackers will be able to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00060-00013815-00013976 identify mobile devices that are
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00061-00013977-00014147 infected they'll be able to tell what
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00062-00014147-00014408 physical area they're in and segment
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00063-00014409-00014669 them into different botnets for resale
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00064-00014669-00014990 so you could say I have 10 devices 10
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00065-00014991-00015251 infected box inside this department of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00066-00015252-00015458 defense building I have 20 infected BOTS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00067-00015459-00015691 inside hackney Inc how much do you want
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00068-00015693-00015821 for them maybe they're worth different
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00069-00015822-00016193 amounts to different attackers mobile
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00070-00016194-00016409 malware can record surrounding audio it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00071-00016410-00016598 can track you wherever you go it can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00072-00016599-00016862 intercept text messages it can send out
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00073-00016863-00017066 your contacts list to the attacker which
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00074-00017067-00017153 is something we're going to show you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00075-00017154-00017513 later today and in doing so they get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00076-00017514-00017708 more lists of people to attack the same
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00077-00017709-00017915 way that spam works with normal email
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00078-00017916-00018017 we're probably going to see a lot more
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00079-00018018-00018296 text spam the same way we see email spam
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00080-00018297-00018518 it can of course capture your passwords
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00081-00018519-00018737 and keystrokes and control your phone or
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00082-00018738-00019190 tablet in the same way you can this is a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00083-00019191-00019409 chart that we made using the Argus tool
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00084-00019410-00019646 of the phone home traffic for an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00085-00019647-00019871 infected blackhole exploit kit this was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00086-00019872-00020102 an infected laptop and each one of those
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00087-00020103-00020267 bars represent the time that it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00088-00020268-00020480 communicated outbound to the attackers
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00089-00020481-00020701 system so this was over a 24-hour period
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00090-00020702-00020933 all the normal windows traffic has been
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00091-00020934-00021143 pulled out and you can see it phoning
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00092-00021144-00021365 home two systems actually I think first
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00093-00021366-00021587 it phoned home to Ohio and then it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00094-00021588-00021755 switched IP addresses you can see that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00095-00021756-00021986 little blip there and it started talking
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00096-00021987-00022322 to another system in Taiwan the same
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00097-00022323-00022580 thing happens with smartphones the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00098-00022581-00022760 Android stels malware by default phones
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00099-00022761-00022901 home or at least the sample we were
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00100-00022902-00023105 analyzing phoned home every 15 minutes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00101-00023106-00023291 so you would see a chart that looks very
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00102-00023292-00023435 similar to this with your smartphone and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00103-00023436-00023621 of course the user would never be able
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00104-00023622-00024149 to tell now on lands enterprise security
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00105-00024150-00024335 professionals have the option of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00106-00024336-00024547 inspecting network traffic they can make
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00107-00024548-00024827 charts like that so even if there's no
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00108-00024828-00025043 host based antivirus installed on a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00109-00025044-00025310 laptop we can still tell if a certain
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00110-00025311-00025359 lap
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00111-00025360-00025572 is infected based on the patterns of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00112-00025573-00025742 traffic that is creating on the network
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00113-00025743-00026001 we don't have that same option with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00114-00026002-00026220 cellular devices that are physically
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00115-00026220-00026420 within our enterprises and that means
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00116-00026422-00026552 that people could be sitting in meetings
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00117-00026554-00026802 having their audio recorded or just have
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00118-00026802-00027081 devices that have corporate information
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00119-00027082-00027270 on them or even in your home environment
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00120-00027270-00027468 this is also true you might be sitting
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00121-00027469-00027633 around having your audio recorded and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00122-00027633-00027819 never know it or having your activity
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00123-00027820-00028008 tracks and you don't have the ability to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00124-00028008-00028218 inspect your traffic to tell if some
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00125-00028219-00028488 third-party whether it's an attacker
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00126-00028489-00028620 whether it's the government is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00127-00028620-00028851 collecting information from your device
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00128-00028852-00029199 and sending it out bound the problem is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00129-00029200-00029414 that cellular traffic is invisible to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00130-00029416-00029625 the key stakeholders who really care
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00131-00029626-00029870 about those devices the most one of the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00132-00029872-00030243 folks in our last talk asked if Verizon
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00133-00030244-00030456 could tell if their phone was infected
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00134-00030457-00030660 and probably they could if they were
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00135-00030661-00030807 inspecting that traffic but they don't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00136-00030808-00031068 have the resources to be able to chase
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00137-00031069-00031263 down every single infected phone nobody
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00138-00031264-00031452 cares about your smartphone as much as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00139-00031452-00031926 you do unfortunately so what is the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00140-00031927-00032280 solution we propose a cellular intrusion
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00141-00032281-00032520 detection system within the past few
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00142-00032520-00032700 years companies have started selling
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00143-00032701-00032865 these little femtocells basically
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00144-00032866-00033027 miniature base stations that are
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00145-00033028-00033231 designed to allow you to create stronger
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00146-00033232-00033396 cell signals in places where you might
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00147-00033397-00033540 not otherwise have them they're being
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00148-00033541-00033705 marketed to home users so you can get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00149-00033706-00033837 one of these plug it into the wall in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00150-00033838-00034041 your house your cell phone connects to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00151-00034042-00034233 it and then it routes that traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00152-00034234-00034422 across the internet back to your cell
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00153-00034423-00034743 phone providers network in this case we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00154-00034744-00034908 were playing around with the verizon
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00155-00034909-00035175 samsung femtocells they're fairly
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00156-00035176-00035379 inexpensive this entire project to build
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00157-00035380-00035568 a cellular intrusion detection system
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00158-00035569-00035760 cost two hundred and eighty five dollars
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00159-00035761-00036114 we use both the Samsung SDS to use 0 1
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00160-00036115-00036486 and SCS 26 you see four devices and it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00161-00036487-00036627 would probably work on other models as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00162-00036628-00036972 well our goal is to enable defenders and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00163-00036973-00037170 people like you and me to be able to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00164-00037171-00037314 detect when our cell phone is being
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00165-00037315-00037527 hacked and when third pot third parties
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00166-00037528-00038052 are monitoring our traffic so we gained
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00167-00038053-00038256 root on the commercial femtocell the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00168-00038257-00038442 verizon femtocell and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00169-00038443-00038694 we modified the Linux open source
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00170-00038695-00038928 software on it so that it started
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00171-00038929-00039111 exporting traffic and David will go into
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00172-00039112-00039258 this in more detail in a few minutes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00173-00039259-00039483 then we sent it off to a separate system
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00174-00039484-00039792 which embarrassingly only cost us forty
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00175-00039793-00039996 four dollars on eBay it was an old dell
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00176-00039997-00040248 optiplex that system happened to be
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00177-00040249-00040452 running was running snort and we created
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00178-00040453-00040656 custom snort signatures so that we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00179-00040657-00040848 infected when we infected a phone with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00180-00040849-00041103 the Android stels malware a snort would
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00181-00041104-00041487 actually detect it and alert upon it so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00182-00041488-00041673 our roadmap for today number one we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00183-00041674-00041807 going to step through the femtocell
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00184-00041808-00042036 modification process and show you how we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00185-00042037-00042264 did it so you can do it yourself we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00186-00042265-00042471 going to show you examples of cellular
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00187-00042472-00042588 traffic we learned some interesting
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00188-00042589-00042840 stuff from poking around we're going to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00189-00042841-00043068 do a demonstration in which we actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00190-00043069-00043266 boot up the femtocell and show you how
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00191-00043267-00043509 it gets modified in real time and then
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00192-00043510-00043602 we're going to show you a little video
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00193-00043603-00043824 of our experiment in which we infected a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00194-00043825-00043976 phone with the Android stels malware
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00195-00043977-00044223 captured the traffic and then use the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00196-00044224-00044424 snort ids to alert a malicious traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00197-00044425-00044673 so you'll see those alerts pop up then
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00198-00044674-00044808 we're going to do a detailed walkthrough
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00199-00044809-00045057 of the Android stels malware and show
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00200-00045058-00045264 you how it communicates and finally
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00201-00045265-00045507 Scott and Randy price did the device
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00202-00045508-00045729 forensic analysis so she'll show how it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00203-00045730-00045855 corroborated with the network forensics
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00204-00045856-00046062 and Scott fret heim is going to show you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00205-00046063-00046233 how he took over the Android stels
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00206-00046234-00046503 malware and controlled it so we got a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00207-00046504-00046704 lot to cram in here there's also a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00208-00046705-00046878 detailed white paper that we put up it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00209-00046879-00047148 77 pages lots of information for you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00210-00047149-00047790 afterwards LMG security com / blog so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00211-00047791-00048051 who are we we are lmg security we're a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00212-00048052-00048285 security consulting and research firm we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00213-00048286-00048450 kind of support our research habit by
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00214-00048451-00048702 consulting we do penetration testing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00215-00048703-00048909 vulnerability assessments digital
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00216-00048910-00049212 forensics and warn we also teach the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00217-00049213-00049431 black hat network forensics class and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00218-00049432-00049581 that's part of where the idea for this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00219-00049582-00049758 project was born because we thought to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00220-00049759-00049995 ourselves a couple years ago hey mobile
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00221-00049996-00050160 network forensics that's the wave of the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00222-00050161-00050370 future let's just grab some packet
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00223-00050371-00050541 captures on cellular networks and start
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00224-00050542-00050705 studying them in raid a class about it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00225-00050706-00050943 and it turned out it wasn't so easy it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00226-00050944-00051141 actually hard really hard to get access
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00227-00051142-00051354 to this stuff if you have 300,000
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00228-00051354-00051467 dollars to spend you can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00229-00051469-00051608 get some telecommunications equipment
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00230-00051609-00051849 but that's not really an option for most
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00231-00051850-00052265 of us out there our core product team
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00232-00052266-00052421 myself I'm the founder and senior
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00233-00052422-00052653 security senior security consultant and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00234-00052654-00052805 the author of Netra forensics tracking
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00235-00052807-00053019 hackers through cyberspace David is our
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00236-00053020-00053262 lead research scientist Randy is our
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00237-00053263-00053496 certified forensic examiner and Scott is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00238-00053497-00053694 the head of our penetration testing team
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00239-00053695-00053913 I really want to get give a big shout
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00240-00053914-00054114 out today too I sec partners thank you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00241-00054115-00054273 guys so much for lending us some of your
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00242-00054274-00054455 hardware to use for this demo we really
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00243-00054457-00054882 appreciate it so here's the parts list
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00244-00054883-00055041 this is all you need to make your own
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00245-00055041-00055233 cellular intrusion detection system
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00246-00055234-00055440 first you need a femtocell you can get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00247-00055441-00055679 it used the one that we used as an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00248-00055680-00055863 example was two hundred dollars even on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00249-00055864-00056397 eBay we added el optiplex GX to 260 and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00250-00056398-00056586 it was also used it cost forty four
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00251-00056587-00056796 dollars including shipping obviously if
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00252-00056797-00056937 you want to you can get some beefier
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00253-00056938-00057102 hardware but that was totally fine for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00254-00057103-00057369 our purposes we have a hub a hub is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00255-00057370-00057537 really nice to have in our lab or it's a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00256-00057538-00057771 real hub it's an old tub more valuable
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00257-00057772-00057924 to us than switches because it makes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00258-00057925-00058287 sniffing on on the wire a lot easier we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00259-00058288-00058592 have an ftdi friend from Adafruit and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00260-00058594-00058746 that lets you connect to the console
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00261-00058747-00058989 port on the femtocell and then a couple
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00262-00058990-00059271 of cables so that's it EMSA magic which
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00263-00059272-00059652 we'll talk about today so little
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00264-00059653-00059802 introduction to the Android stels
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00265-00059803-00059942 malware which is what we're going to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00266-00059944-00060261 focus on it came to public attention in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00267-00060262-00060474 March of this year so just a few months
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00268-00060475-00060798 ago and it's distributed by spam spam
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00269-00060799-00060984 emails so people click on a link the one
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00270-00060985-00061134 that Dell SecureWorks wrote their
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00271-00061135-00061470 research paper on was an IRS spam once
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00272-00061471-00061716 you click on the link so it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00273-00061716-00061911 distributed through the same channels as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00274-00061912-00062184 some other malware normally they use the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00275-00062185-00062415 blackhole exploit kit to infect systems
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00276-00062416-00062579 but that doesn't work on Android devices
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00277-00062580-00062780 so in this case they're using a fake
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00278-00062782-00062970 flash player update and people fall for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00279-00062971-00063210 this all the time you click on the link
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00280-00063211-00063414 it says sorry you need a new version of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00281-00063415-00063591 adobe flash player in order to read this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00282-00063591-00063777 file and then it shoots you to a page
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00283-00063778-00064082 that looks like an Adobe page and the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00284-00064083-00064205 user just sort of walks through the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00285-00064207-00064512 installation for the attacker stels is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00286-00064513-00064704 capable of monitoring smsm
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00287-00064705-00064971 and also filtering and intercepting SMS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00288-00064972-00065220 messages this isn't um this isn't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00289-00065221-00065400 surprising because ever since banks
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00290-00065401-00065580 started coming out with out-of-band
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00291-00065581-00065814 authentication like you go to log into
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00292-00065815-00065991 your bank's website and then sometimes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00293-00065992-00066165 it'll send you a pin to your phone right
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00294-00066166-00066582 so if an attacker has an attacker can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00295-00066583-00066822 insert information into that web page as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00296-00066823-00066909 they're doing a man in the browser
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00297-00066910-00067074 attack and also ask you for your phone
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00298-00067075-00067263 number and when they do that you type in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00299-00067264-00067374 your username you type in your password
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00300-00067375-00067590 you type in your phone number they hack
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00301-00067591-00067794 your phone and then from that point on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00302-00067795-00068022 they filter messages going to your phone
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00303-00068023-00068217 so they can grab those pins as the banks
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00304-00068218-00068349 send them to you so there's direct
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00305-00068350-00068637 financial incentive for attackers to be
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00306-00068638-00068868 targeting your phones and linking them
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00307-00068869-00069147 with your PC's and the benefit that they
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00308-00069148-00069333 gain from actually filtering messages so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00309-00069334-00069486 that you can't see some of them is that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00310-00069487-00069660 you won't know if somebody's trying to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00311-00069661-00069840 if someone's trying to get into your
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00312-00069841-00070014 bank account because it would be kind of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00313-00070015-00070194 funny for you to see all of a sudden a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00314-00070195-00070425 text message with the pin for your bank
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00315-00070426-00070557 when you weren't actually trying to log
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00316-00070558-00070725 in so they filter that so that you can't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00317-00070726-00070989 see it it can make phone calls and it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00318-00070990-00071241 can send SMS messages to premium numbers
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00319-00071242-00071511 again direct financial incentive for the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00320-00071512-00071709 attacker and as we see you later it can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00321-00071710-00071943 also update itself so any behavior that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00322-00071944-00072198 we don't see in it right now they could
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00323-00072199-00072393 totally add tomorrow the behavior of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00324-00072394-00072510 this malware could completely change
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00325-00072511-00073068 overnight if someone wanted it to this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00326-00073069-00073353 is our RF shielded cage as we were doing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00327-00073354-00073557 this research we really wanted to do it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00328-00073558-00073734 right and so we consulted with legal
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00329-00073735-00073986 counsel extensively and we also wanted
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00330-00073987-00074166 to make sure that no one else's cell
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00331-00074167-00074457 signals could possibly be captured as we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00332-00074458-00074646 were taking these packet captures this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00333-00074647-00074814 device is something we normally use in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00334-00074815-00075027 our cell phone forensics lab we have the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00335-00075028-00075267 only RF shielded cell lab cell forensics
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00336-00075268-00075582 lab in the state of Montana it includes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00337-00075583-00075798 AV so you can actually see into the box
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00338-00075799-00075987 which is kind of cool and you can record
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00339-00075988-00076209 it so what David you want to talk about
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00340-00076210-00076380 the courts so yeah let's talk a little
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00341-00076381-00076515 bit about all this stuff you see up here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00342-00076516-00077003 on stage so the RF shielded cage here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00343-00077004-00077217 we're using as we set out of an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00344-00077218-00077427 abundance of caution as we don't end up
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00345-00077428-00077667 accidentally capturing your traffic now
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00346-00077668-00077917 these femtocells can be configured
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00347-00077918-00078331 to only connect to certain phones but in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00348-00078332-00078505 addition we wanted something that was an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00349-00078506-00078673 absolute guarantee that we wouldn't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00350-00078674-00078859 accidentally get someone else's traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00351-00078860-00079075 that wasn't ours so on the side of this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00352-00079076-00079477 box here you can see there's a number of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00353-00079478-00079801 configurable ports the first of which is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00354-00079802-00080101 currently set to be a ethernet jack a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00355-00080102-00080479 filtered ethernet jack for the backhaul
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00356-00080480-00080782 to verizon's network we then have sorry
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00357-00080783-00081154 we then have a USB port that connects to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00358-00081155-00081370 the FTDI friend that's inside that we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00359-00081371-00081718 will use for serial communication we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00360-00081719-00082036 also added on the instructions and with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00361-00082037-00082227 the help of the manufacturer Ramsay
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00362-00082228-00082591 added a SMB connector so that we can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00363-00082592-00082840 route GPS in one of the requirements is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00364-00082841-00083161 and one of the challenges of doing this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00365-00083162-00083362 demo in a inside of the middle of a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00366-00083363-00083719 hotel is that you need GPS lock in order
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00367-00083720-00084046 for the femtocell to boot up so we had
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00368-00084047-00084309 to run a GPS signal inside the cage
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00369-00084310-00084715 let's see so what's our setup look
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00370-00084716-00084955 inside of here like inside here this is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00371-00084956-00085333 the other side of the exact other side
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00372-00085334-00085516 of those ports we've got that GPS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00373-00085517-00086137 antenna the ethernet cable and the cable
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00374-00086138-00086407 running to the USB cable running to the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00375-00086408-00086782 FTDI friend which then has a little hack
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00376-00086783-00087202 together custom break out to a hdmi
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00377-00087203-00087514 cable where Samsung put the serial
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00378-00087515-00087922 console on two ports of an hdmi or two
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00379-00087923-00088084 pins of an hdmi port that's in the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00380-00088085-00088309 bottom of the thing you can also see we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00381-00088310-00088750 have power and such in here see so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00382-00088751-00089154 cellular intrusion detection this wasn't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00383-00089155-00089422 originally like when we set out to do
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00384-00089423-00089569 this project we're looking at Network
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00385-00089570-00089788 forensics like hey let's see what we can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00386-00089789-00090274 see about the the cellular network and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00387-00090275-00090615 it quickly became this big project to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00388-00090616-00090973 even get access to it so as soon as we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00389-00090974-00091129 did get access we said ok
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00390-00091130-00091435 what can we do and we thought oh here's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00391-00091436-00091684 something cool let's set up a cellular
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00392-00091685-00092080 IDs we can hook it up to snort this is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00393-00092081-00092404 just going to be regular internet
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00394-00092405-00092676 traffic at some level we assumed at
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00395-00092677-00092901 least at the time let's hook it up to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00396-00092902-00093199 snort and see what snort can find if it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00397-00093200-00093505 can see if it can see malware and see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00398-00093506-00093969 command and control traffic so when we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00399-00093970-00094162 first got root access on this thing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00400-00094163-00094330 which will step through how we got root
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00401-00094331-00094531 access here in a minute we just hooked
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00402-00094532-00094765 up TCP dump to it because it actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00403-00094766-00095116 has a copy of TCP dump the box itself
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00404-00095117-00095542 the femtocell itself runs version of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00405-00095543-00095818 Linux called Monta Vista and so like
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00406-00095819-00096016 okay let's capture some traffic turns
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00407-00096017-00096261 out that of course everything is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00408-00096262-00096715 encrypted using I ipsec tunnel back to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00409-00096716-00097060 verizon's core network and just running
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00410-00097061-00097453 a TCP dump just gets us a whole bunch of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00411-00097454-00097768 you can see the is camp and the DNS so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00412-00097769-00098218 not too useful to us so does that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00413-00098219-00098394 backwards a little bit how do we get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00414-00098395-00098638 root access and console on the bottom
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00415-00098639-00099356 there's a hdmi port it has 3.3 volt
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00416-00099357-00100072 console access on pins 16 and 17 we hook
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00417-00100073-00100419 that up to an ftdi friend from Adafruit
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00418-00100420-00100719 just an adapter for USB it looks like
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00419-00100720-00100993 $15 part or something but the thing was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00420-00100994-00101392 I got really antsy while we were waiting
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00421-00101393-00101581 for the shipping for this and this was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00422-00101582-00101884 right after Def Con last year so I just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00423-00101885-00102112 grabbed my badge from last year and says
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00424-00102113-00102468 it had an ftp I a connector on it I just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00425-00102469-00102778 ended up using that one it's a little
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00426-00102779-00102930 bit of a hack together solution but I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00427-00102931-00103410 thought you'd enjoy that so as soon as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00428-00103411-00103911 we got console access we find Oh their
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00429-00103913-00104200 first layer on here is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00430-00104201-00104535 zach is a you boot boot loader Samsung
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00431-00104536-00104701 has done a little bit to modify the UV
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00432-00104702-00105175 bootloader they have published their
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00433-00105176-00105408 source code census GPL license so you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00434-00105409-00105585 can go to their website and download it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00435-00105586-00105954 and in the old versions and old being
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00436-00105955-00106446 this time last year up through like and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00437-00106447-00106843 january or februari of this year all you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00438-00106844-00107007 had to do to interrupt the boot process
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00439-00107008-00107401 was uh instead of hit any key you would
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00440-00107402-00107902 type sys return and the thing is the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00441-00107903-00108486 code for that was in Samsa in Samsung's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00442-00108488-00108703 published source code so and we actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00443-00108704-00109006 didn't figure that out that was another
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00444-00109007-00109213 gentleman who I'm spacing his name but
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00445-00109214-00109465 it's in our white paper linked to his
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00446-00109466-00109672 blog post about it so we took that and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00447-00109673-00110371 okay we've got root access so then we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00448-00110372-00110856 just did in yet equals bin shs to get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00449-00110857-00111345 root access and then we step through the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00450-00111346-00111703 boot up process manually the sense the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00451-00111704-00112021 anit scripts don't run we then started
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00452-00112022-00112402 looking at the seer at the networking
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00453-00112403-00112720 connections we saw there's DHCP going on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00454-00112721-00112894 there's the VPN tunnel that I talked
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00455-00112895-00113266 about a little bit ago and it has IP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00456-00113267-00113506 tables it's using that to filter out
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00457-00113507-00113875 certain so the only verizon addresses
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00458-00113876-00114142 can connect to some of the services but
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00459-00114143-00114445 we're like hey since oh we saw TCP dump
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00460-00114446-00114628 wasn't working let's see if we can get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00461-00114629-00115072 access through iptables immediate so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00462-00115073-00115291 that was a good enough idea but the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00463-00115292-00115699 problem was that what's on there is very
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00464-00115700-00115992 bare-bones implementation of iptables
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00465-00115993-00116599 137 no n fq no t command no way to copy
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00466-00116600-00116782 off and route traffic there's not even a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00467-00116783-00117001 logging facility built in is this the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00468-00117002-00117138 embedded system it's not that surprising
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00469-00117139-00117472 so we went back to samsung source code
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00470-00117473-00117541 again
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00471-00117542-00117810 and so we really want to use n fq we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00472-00117811-00118132 grab the source code from their site
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00473-00118133-00118458 it's however it doesn't want to compile
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00474-00118459-00119068 with modern versions of GCC so it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00475-00119069-00119259 really picky about only compiling with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00476-00119260-00119733 Monta vistas arm tool chain now that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00477-00119734-00119926 encountered the next problem which was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00478-00119927-00120280 that Monta Vista does and openly despite
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00479-00120281-00120498 everything being GPL license they don't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00480-00120499-00120721 openly distribute that they only
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00481-00120722-00121032 distribute their tool chain and such to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00482-00121033-00121276 vendors and their direct customers
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00483-00121277-00121573 however one of the customers what is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00484-00121574-00121908 Texas Instruments who makes the omap
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00485-00121909-00122152 series of boards which are often use
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00486-00122153-00122551 Monta Vista linux so the omap I think
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00487-00122552-00123103 it's el 137 development board uses the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00488-00123104-00123307 same version of Monte Vista linux as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00489-00123308-00123523 this does the chipset in here is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00490-00123524-00123796 actually in omap 1710 which is a very
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00491-00123797-00124033 similar Texas Instruments related board
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00492-00124033-00124291 so if you go to the TI website you can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00493-00124292-00124750 grab the tool chain for Monta Vista
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00494-00124751-00125014 Linux we use that to then build the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00495-00125015-00125305 kernel modules for n fq and all of its
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00496-00125306-00125602 dependencies like kontrak and such so we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00497-00125603-00125875 got all those binaries and if what n fq
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00498-00125876-00126043 does if you're not familiar with it it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00499-00126044-00126483 it pulls packets out it route them it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00500-00126484-00126833 with the rule in iptables send them to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00501-00126834-00127308 q0 or q1 then you have a user space
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00502-00127309-00127726 program pull off the first one in the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00503-00127727-00127969 queue market add do whatever you want to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00504-00127970-00128188 with it you could modify it send it back
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00505-00128189-00128380 in this case we're just marking it as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00506-00128381-00128617 accept this packet sending it back and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00507-00128618-00128866 then sending a copy of it out to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00508-00128867-00129228 standard out which will then type to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00509-00129229-00129472 netcat and do fun stuff with here in a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00510-00129473-00129861 minute so oh yes here's all that stuff I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00511-00129863-00130040 was just talking about Godhead of myself
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00512-00130041-00130743 kernel module was iptables so we wrote a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00513-00130744-00130937 little C program that we just then
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00514-00130938-00131162 compiled statically forearm that just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00515-00131163-00131435 pulls those the packets out of the queue
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00516-00131436-00132188 sends them off this is an arm 926 ej
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00517-00132189-00132437 processor what we did for cross rather
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00518-00132438-00132611 than dealing with cross compilers was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00519-00132612-00133004 just started up a debian arm emulator in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00520-00133005-00133250 key mu we found that to be much simpler
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00521-00133251-00133465 solution for compiling binaries because
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00522-00133466-00133763 you don't want to cross compiling makes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00523-00133764-00134411 my head hurt sometimes so the net cat we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00524-00134412-00134561 wanted to get traffic off of this thing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00525-00134562-00134745 as quickly as possible it doesn't have
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00526-00134746-00134939 much power it's a pain to work with word
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00527-00134940-00135314 to the wise if you do this there is by
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00528-00135315-00135582 default control C is not bound to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00529-00135583-00135962 sigterm do not run ping at least not
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00530-00135963-00136107 without without a count flag or
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00531-00136108-00136262 something or you will have to reboot the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00532-00136263-00136529 whole thing so I was like oh my god I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00533-00136530-00136904 really want to get this traffic off of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00534-00136905-00137109 here as fast as possible send it to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00535-00137110-00137291 netcat and we'll do the rest of our
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00536-00137292-00137476 processing on some other system and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00537-00137477-00137978 originally that old dell optiplex so we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00538-00137979-00138140 can see on the other end we set up just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00539-00138141-00138471 a net cat listener which pipes to that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00540-00138472-00138740 small a pretty small python program that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00541-00138741-00139103 leverages scape e and lib pcap to just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00542-00139104-00139521 take the raw stream because n fq exports
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00543-00139522-00139922 as hexadecimal stream and convert that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00544-00139923-00140249 into a pcap which we then just write to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00545-00140250-00140469 a file and hey lo and behold we had
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00546-00140470-00140856 working traffic and then we looked at
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00547-00140857-00141137 that traffic and let's let sherry talk
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00548-00141138-00141479 about that it took us about a gimmick I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00549-00141480-00141747 so it took us about 10 months to get to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00550-00141748-00141897 this point where we had traffic we were
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00551-00141898-00142059 a little bit slow down we started the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00552-00142060-00142340 project in August and by februari we had
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00553-00142341-00142511 accomplished all this and we were just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00554-00142512-00142661 about ready to hit enter and start
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00555-00142662-00142920 collecting packets win Samsung upgraded
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00556-00142921-00143085 the software and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00557-00143086-00143286 we had to actually break back into the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00558-00143287-00143589 system in order to regain access and we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00559-00143590-00143748 did figure out how to do that but it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00560-00143749-00143961 took us a little time so by the time we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00561-00143962-00144116 were actually able to inspect cellular
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00562-00144117-00144450 traffic it was around May and when we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00563-00144451-00144644 finally got it it was it was beautiful
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00564-00144645-00145122 so this is the first of four slides that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00565-00145123-00145272 i'm going to show you of a single
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00566-00145273-00145596 Wireshark protocol hierarchy summary you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00567-00145597-00145845 can see here this is just the basics
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00568-00145846-00146157 it's all IP before there's 82.4 point
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00569-00146158-00146376 zero four percent of the bites were UDP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00570-00146377-00146625 and then you see a normal traffic that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00571-00146626-00146748 you might expect for managing your
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00572-00146749-00147264 remote system so ntp SNMP dns ICMP that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00573-00147265-00147612 kind of stuff you scroll down okay you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00574-00147613-00147878 start to see TCP that's point to one
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00575-00147879-00148086 percent I was pretty intrigued to see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00576-00148087-00148316 some clear text ftp traffic in there and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00577-00148317-00148557 then we start getting into the the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00578-00148558-00148836 madness the mirror world there's GRE so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00579-00148837-00149040 that's used to tunnel layer to PPP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00580-00149041-00149390 traffic from the femtocell over to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00581-00149391-00149670 verizon's core network and then you see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00582-00149671-00150140 and if you can see your UDP in ipv4 in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00583-00150141-00150603 PvP in GRE ok I can handle that here's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00584-00150604-00151024 the next screen
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00585-00151025-00151532 alright so we have tcp within ipv4 with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00586-00151533-00151804 nppp within GRE and this is where your
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00587-00151805-00152089 web traffic lives right around here so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00588-00152090-00152278 we can in some cases in some cases
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00589-00152279-00152510 Wireshark can actually dissect that far
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00590-00152511-00152681 and can pull out some of the higher
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00591-00152682-00152945 layer traffic and then we go down here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00592-00152946-00153413 you see TCP in ipv4 in PPP in TCP and IP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00593-00153414-00153826 v4 in PPP in GRE in ipv4 in PPP in GRE
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00594-00153827-00154799 in ipv4 and we're not done I don't know
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00595-00154800-00154943 how far this rabbit hole goes it just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00596-00154944-00155438 kept going and going and going so David
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00597-00155439-00155588 didn't believe that this was actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00598-00155589-00155843 real I just figured it was some kind of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00599-00155844-00156149 a bug or something wire sorry yeah so he
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00600-00156150-00156335 made me go find some of these packets
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00601-00156336-00156766 here's an example this is a data in TCP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00602-00156767-00157196 and IP v4 in PPP in TCP and IP v4 in PPP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00603-00157197-00157819 in data in PPP in GRE in ipv4 in a frame
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00604-00157820-00158140 keep in mind this is before it gets
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00605-00158141-00158357 stuffed into an ipsec tunnel and sent
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00606-00158358-00158595 across back to verizon
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00607-00158596-00158919 yeah and I know the AIESEC partners guys
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00608-00158920-00159150 were tethering all of this over another
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00609-00159151-00159863 phone also so yeah dr. Seuss yep so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00610-00159864-00160149 here's an example of the ftp traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00611-00160150-00160296 that we saw it seems to be used for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00612-00160297-00160449 routine and we're not going to dig into
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00613-00160450-00160628 this stuff too much it seems to be used
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00614-00160629-00160809 for routine communications between the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00615-00160810-00161001 femtocell and horizons so it'll go out
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00616-00161002-00161213 and and this is all automated it'll
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00617-00161214-00161460 enter a password to an ftp server and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00618-00161461-00161682 pull down some configuration files for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00619-00161683-00161847 example so i just thought that was kind
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00620-00161848-00162012 of neat to see the reconstructed stream
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00621-00162013-00162626 here the phone does mobile handset
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00622-00162627-00162941 authentication using PPP check it's a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00623-00162942-00163079 challenge authentication response
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00624-00163080-00163284 protocol and we were able to write snort
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00625-00163285-00163490 signatures based on that so that means
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00626-00163491-00163707 that any time the phone joins the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00627-00163708-00163940 femtocell we have a little snort alert
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00628-00163941-00164313 that pops up the the string that the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00629-00164314-00164493 rise network responds with is welcome to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00630-00164494-00164823 the Samsung BSS something something so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00631-00164824-00164961 you can tell as soon as there's a new
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00632-00164962-00165135 device connected to your femtocell which
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00633-00165136-00165278 is kind of handy especially if you do
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00634-00165279-00165413 end up pulling this on your home network
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00635-00165414-00165633 run an enterprise network and you can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00636-00165634-00165771 restrict it also so that it only
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00637-00165772-00166049 connects to specific phones as well
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00638-00166050-00166257 which I would recommend doing if you're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00639-00166258-00166613 inspecting traffic of course so we also
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00640-00166614-00166884 wrote a custom cdma2000 protocol
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00641-00166885-00167121 dissector and cdma2000 of course is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00642-00167122-00167457 extremely complicated and our efforts in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00643-00167458-00167639 this respect were hampered by the fact
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00644-00167640-00167946 that Verizon didn't seem to be using the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00645-00167947-00168116 latest version of the standard so we had
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00646-00168117-00168246 to go digging through and figure out
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00647-00168247-00168393 exactly which version of the standard
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00648-00168394-00168738 that it was using this is an example of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00649-00168739-00168969 the CDMA protocol dissector dissecting
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00650-00168970-00169320 an aid set up a nine so that's used to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00651-00169321-00169557 set up a set of interfaces which are
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00652-00169558-00169802 used to transfer user data and this is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00653-00169803-00170003 available on sourceforge as soon as we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00654-00170004-00170175 get to a clean network so probably
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00655-00170176-00170325 tomorrow when one of us is home will
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00656-00170326-00170997 upload this stuff we ended up examining
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00657-00170998-00171258 the android data traffic most of all and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00658-00171259-00171435 that's because the malware that we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00659-00171436-00171670 using Android stels action
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00660-00171671-00172002 we transmit signals back to the attacker
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00661-00172003-00172254 over HTTP so we wanted to be able to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00662-00172255-00172501 pull out that HTTP traffic and analyze
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00663-00172502-00172701 it and figure out how the bot was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00664-00172702-00173056 working there were two kinds of GRE
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00665-00173057-00173253 packets that we saw and Wireshark was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00666-00173254-00173391 dissecting them differently this was a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00667-00173392-00173640 default version of Wireshark there was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00668-00173641-00173974 Jerry type 88-81 which is not the one I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00669-00173975-00174307 like it is a cdma 2008-10 unstructured
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00670-00174308-00174571 byte stream packet and this was used for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00671-00174572-00174850 outgoing HTTP requests Wireshark didn't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00672-00174851-00175103 dissect this at a very high layer
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00673-00175104-00175452 however there were also GRE 88 d 2
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00674-00175453-00175636 packets which were used for incoming
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00675-00175637-00175900 HTTP requests and Wireshark did decode
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00676-00175901-00176095 more if you get all the way up to TCP so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00677-00176096-00176293 it got IP and then TCP still didn't get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00678-00176294-00176509 the HTTP in most cases but what that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00679-00176510-00176640 meant was that when we looked at this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00680-00176641-00177076 first in wireshark we saw that we saw
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00681-00177077-00177370 incoming tcp segments and there was no
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00682-00177371-00177601 matching outgoing tcp segment until we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00683-00177602-00177760 started dissecting it with our eyeballs
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00684-00177761-00178099 so that was a bit of a pain um I think I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00685-00178100-00179110 have to step down to action sorry sound
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00686-00179111-00180001 engineer ok so here you see can everyone
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00687-00180002-00180409 hear me here you see a Giri type 88-81
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00688-00180410-00180697 packet and you can see that Wireshark
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00689-00180698-00180910 only died sex as far as that PPP it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00690-00180911-00181176 doesn't dissect the IP or the tcp so we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00691-00181177-00181365 started looking a little further and you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00692-00181366-00181669 see here that for 500 right anybody in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00693-00181670-00181846 our network class at our network
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00694-00181847-00182112 forensics class know what the 4500 is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00695-00182113-00182454 this should yeah it's the start of an IP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00696-00182455-00182719 packet that for represents the version
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00697-00182720-00182887 number so in this case it's ipv4 you're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00698-00182888-00183037 probably only going to see either 4 or 6
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00699-00183038-00183315 there the 5 represents the length of the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00700-00183316-00183571 ipv4 header the number of 32-bit words
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00701-00183572-00183871 so in this case that's a 20 by IP header
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00702-00183872-00184065 which is very common because that's the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00703-00184066-00184213 default and then here's the type of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00704-00184214-00184408 service field which you see 00 so any
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00705-00184409-00184537 time you start looking at this hex and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00706-00184538-00184783 you see a 4 or 500 you should think aha
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00707-00184784-00184960 maybe that's an IP packet and dig a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00708-00184961-00185079 little further and that's what we did
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00709-00185080-00185316 and we saw that indeed it was you could
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00710-00185317-00185463 actually see the source IP address the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00711-00185464-00185679 destination IP address you could see the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00712-00185680-00186246 port for a ninja duck what is hex 50
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00713-00186247-00186903 what's that in decimal 80 awesome hey
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00714-00186904-00187026 David can you give that guy in engine
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00715-00187027-00187462 deck ok so there actually was traffic in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00716-00187463-00187597 here that should be dissected i'm not
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00717-00187598-00187752 sure why Wireshark can't pick up on it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00718-00187753-00187977 but it can't get very far in that crazy
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00719-00187978-00188277 layering scheme and then here's the 888
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00720-00188278-00188532 d 2 packets and you see it gets further
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00721-00188533-00188754 there's the point-to-point protocol
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00722-00188755-00189007 there is the ipv4 so it actually got at
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00723-00189008-00189201 this time and then there's the TCP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00724-00189202-00189382 segment right here and you can see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00725-00189383-00189627 inside there's actually HTTP traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00726-00189628-00189886 inside of that right here HTTP and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00727-00189887-00190069 higher layer stuff it didn't get that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00728-00190070-00190249 far with the 8080 to traffic but it was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00729-00190250-00190428 useful that it could at least dissect as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00730-00190429-00190858 far as the TCP segment so here are some
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00731-00190859-00191214 threat indicators that Dell SecureWorks
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00732-00191215-00191437 put together for the Android stels
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00733-00191438-00192114 malware you can see that it so Android
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00734-00192115-00192301 stels has specific command and control
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00735-00192302-00192661 servers that are known there's 31 170
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00736-00192662-00192808 something something that's a server in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00737-00192809-00193006 the United States actually and then the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00738-00193007-00193171 other 195 is a sir
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00739-00193172-00193438 in the Netherlands there's also a file
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00740-00193439-00193657 name that Android stels is typically
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00741-00193658-00193933 distributed flash player android update
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00742-00193934-00194263 APK and there's two domains that are in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00743-00194264-00194473 common use right now the free eyes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00744-00194474-00194686 ecomme one and the android flash player
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00745-00194687-00194916 net you a one so those were things that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00746-00194917-00195210 we incorporated into our snort alerts
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00747-00195211-00195535 here are some snort alerts that we use
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00748-00195536-00195741 to detect activity with the Android
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00749-00195742-00196053 stels mauer this one possible C&C server
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00750-00196054-00196300 traffic we put the IP addresses in here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00751-00196301-00196501 but you can't just look for an IP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00752-00196502-00196732 address the way you normally would look
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00753-00196733-00196897 for an IP address in an IP packet and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00754-00196898-00197040 snort because of course snort can't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00755-00197041-00197239 dissect all those crazy layers you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00756-00197240-00197371 actually just have to look at it as a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00757-00197372-00197608 hexadecimal string which we did as you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00758-00197609-00197797 can see right here so hopefully that's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00759-00197798-00197968 going to pop up in the content of a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00760-00197969-00198181 packet it doesn't always sometimes it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00761-00198182-00198319 going to be fragmented across multiple
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00762-00198320-00198502 packets but we found that this actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00763-00198503-00198949 worked most of the time same thing here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00764-00198950-00199219 you see detecting domains again we have
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00765-00199220-00199483 to look for it as a string in the packet
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00766-00199484-00199627 and because these are longer they're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00767-00199628-00199777 more likely to be broken up across
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00768-00199778-00200158 multiple packets we saw in particular we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00769-00200159-00200461 would see DNS of DNS responses
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00770-00200462-00200749 containing this these domains but
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00771-00200750-00200979 usually the DNS requests the domain was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00772-00200980-00201228 broken up across two packets so wire
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00773-00201229-00201346 shock would show you that there had been
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00774-00201347-00201538 a DNS respira I'm sorry sort would show
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00775-00201539-00201714 that there had been alert on the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00776-00201715-00202191 response and not on the request and then
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00777-00202192-00202324 if you want to detect the binary of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00778-00202325-00202537 course we could take a snippet of the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00779-00202538-00202735 binary itself and half snore alert on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00780-00202736-00202996 that and that works really well so you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00781-00202997-00203206 can see before user even infects
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00782-00203207-00203362 themselves you can see when they're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00783-00203363-00203839 downloading that flash player update so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00784-00203840-00203923 now we're going to do a little
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00785-00203924-00204277 demonstration in our lab I was the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00786-00204278-00204538 attacker and the attacker can be any
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00787-00204539-00204741 phone in this case it was just an AT&T
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00788-00204742-00204942 smartphone that we used to differentiate
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00789-00204944-00205191 from our verizon phone and with the AT&T
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00790-00205192-00205444 smartphone we sent a nasty text message
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00791-00205444-00205911 and David was the victim sad day yeah so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00792-00205912-00206077 the victim of course was a verizon
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00793-00206078-00206223 android smartphone because we wanted it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00794-00206225-00206351 to be infected
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00795-00206352-00206882 so now let's switch over to our box what
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00796-00206883-00207013 was the Buddha part of the demo right
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00797-00207014-00207139 yeah we're going to do the boot up part
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00798-00207140-00207584 of the demo yeah okay we need our lab
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00799-00207585-00208473 codes hold on safety first that's mine
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00800-00208475-00208982 button this thing someone's trying to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00801-00208983-00209603 sabotage me aren't you lapel mic through
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00802-00209604-00210014 Europe sorry for switching again audio
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00803-00210015-00210169 engineer i know that's a pain i used to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00804-00210171-00211250 do that for a living so so all right as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00805-00211251-00211631 soon as I you okay yeah we have this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00806-00211632-00211739 here up on the screen and I'm actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00807-00211740-00211913 going to restart this femtocell don't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00808-00211914-00212081 worry we're not setting this one up
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00809-00212082-00212231 although it's not kept going to capture
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00810-00212232-00212411 traffic so if you got an android phone
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00811-00212412-00212698 out there don't worry so as soon as we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00812-00212700-00213104 plug it in here we're going to see the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00813-00213105-00213254 own and i don't know if you can see it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00814-00213255-00213386 before it scrolled off the screen but
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00815-00213387-00213671 the u-move bootloader that's been
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00816-00213671-00213941 modified by samsung here and we've
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00817-00213942-00214163 already set it to drop us into the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00818-00214164-00214691 command prompt and let's see so if you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00819-00214692-00215414 would type oh cool so on and hood yes so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00820-00215415-00215627 onand boot is a command that they added
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00821-00215628-00216161 because the chipset on their uses the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00822-00216162-00216500 nand software the NAND flash memory
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00823-00216501-00216776 that's proprietary to samsung they added
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00824-00216777-00217096 in support for that here we see we've
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00825-00217098-00217625 now dropped into a link shell but very
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00826-00217626-00217784 little setup because we didn't actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00827-00217785-00218033 run the anit scripts so now we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00828-00218034-00218255 running the init scripts yep now we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00829-00218256-00218384 running all these init script most of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00830-00218385-00218639 this is standard stuff there's a couple
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00831-00218640-00218844 at the end there that we're not running
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00832-00218846-00219217 there's one s70 app that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00833-00219219-00219440 actually starts up the functionality for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00834-00219441-00219992 the cellular traffic and so we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00835-00219992-00220148 choosing because we have a couple things
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00836-00220148-00220442 to do before we actually run that one of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00837-00220442-00220628 the other little things that's a quirk
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00838-00220629-00220855 of this system is not everything's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00839-00220856-00221027 accessible until you run some of those
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00840-00221028-00221373 scripts because of the way own and works
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00841-00221375-00221776 split up into a whole bunch of different
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00842-00221777-00222319 blocks and block devices extract RFS TSH
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00843-00222321-00222691 yeah and what we have to end up doing is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00844-00222692-00223052 mounting those devices and then merging
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00845-00223053-00223355 that and sim linking them to the places
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00846-00223356-00223463 they're supposed to be the file system
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00847-00223464-00223882 so for instance / you bin contains lots
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00848-00223883-00224233 of the actual cell phone functionality
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00849-00224234-00224417 but that's not mounted until you run
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00850-00224417-00224804 some of these init scripts RFS dot SH so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00851-00224805-00225248 let's see what do we see in here so now
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00852-00225248-00225394 we're running our final init scripts
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00853-00225396-00225658 here and then we're going to set up
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00854-00225659-00225989 networking and the reason we set up
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00855-00225990-00226144 networking is because we have to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00856-00226146-00226328 download those extra binaries that we've
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00857-00226329-00226483 compiled for this system and need to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00858-00226484-00226766 copy over yep fortunately there are some
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00859-00226767-00227003 you know standard tools ftp is on here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00860-00227004-00227383 so we're going to use that to connect
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00861-00227384-00227608 that's the address of this guy right
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00862-00227609-00228358 here going to say CD over to where our
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00863-00228359-00228554 binaries are and the binaries we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00864-00228555-00229088 downloading are the configurator or the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00865-00229089-00229496 kernel modules the packet capture little
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00866-00229496-00229857 compiled binary that hooks into n fq and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00867-00229858-00230375 a binary for net cap that's really all
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00868-00230376-00230555 we need to move over we've also got a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00869-00230556-00230723 script there will make the rest of this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00870-00230723-00230884 easier so we don't have to keep copying
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00871-00230885-00231280 and pasting every single command so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00872-00231281-00231430 we're going to run that script it is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00873-00231431-00231578 going to print all the commands we would
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00874-00231579-00231755 run sequence a them where it ends
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00875-00231756-00231973 modding or kernel modules yep we put all
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00876-00231975-00232154 the kernel modules in order is important
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00877-00232155-00232306 here if you do those out of order
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00878-00232307-00232519 prerequisites won't work we're going to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00879-00232520-00232780 start the VPN back to a verizon's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00880-00232781-00233039 network yeah this just runs these two
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00881-00233040-00233323 binaries here the SSH and the VPN binary
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00882-00233324-00233659 are something Samsung put on there they
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00883-00233660-00233894 just automatically configure a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00884-00233894-00234124 connection back to verizon and this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00885-00234125-00234413 usually takes a couple minutes it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00886-00234414-00234638 actually sets up tears down sets up
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00887-00234639-00235183 tears down grabs like ntp and then tears
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00888-00235184-00235447 down again and then sets up its final
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00889-00235448-00236125 connection so next so then we kill the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00890-00236126-00236533 VPN and we kill the ssh yep and then we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00891-00236534-00236746 start the net cat listener on the Cid's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00892-00236747-00237052 so at this point we're waiting for that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00893-00237053-00237290 traffic to be shipped over and as soon
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00894-00237291-00237464 as I hit over the traffic that's being
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00895-00237465-00237641 collected from the femtocell is going to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00896-00237642-00237871 start being sent over to the sins so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00897-00237872-00238060 press ENTER to start exporting packets
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00898-00238061-00238313 to the SIDS and there we go we add a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00899-00238314-00238514 whole bunch of here's the iptables rules
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00900-00238515-00238828 it's really important to put in accept
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00901-00238829-00239131 rules for that netcat tunnel otherwise
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00902-00239132-00239401 you're going to be capturing the capture
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00903-00239402-00239540 that you send out and you end up with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00904-00239541-00239746 little like nasty low recursive loop and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00905-00239747-00240089 an infinite size file pretty quick so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00906-00240090-00240259 then you hit enter to actually start the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00907-00240260-00240437 GPS and the call routing functionality
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00908-00240438-00240662 and as we were testing the system of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00909-00240663-00240799 course we wouldn't always want to start
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00910-00240800-00241006 the call routing functionality right
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00911-00241007-00241159 away sometimes we were just working on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00912-00241160-00241402 the underlying system and it can take a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00913-00241403-00241538 few minutes for that piece of it to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00914-00241539-00241810 start but you see right here now are if
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00915-00241811-00242002 you look at the size of the pcap that's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00916-00242003-00242230 being captured that's increasing and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00917-00242231-00242339 that's what you want to see when you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00918-00242340-00242524 make a call it's going to be added to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00919-00242525-00242896 that pcap file and it can take up to 30
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00920-00242897-00243169 minutes it requires a correct GPS lock
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00921-00243170-00243568 and it requires internet connection that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00922-00243569-00243760 it likes so it can establish a good VPN
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00923-00243761-00243883 connection and then it will sit and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00924-00243884-00244129 think for like sometimes 30 minutes an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00925-00244130-00244495 hour before we'll actually have the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00926-00244496-00244834 connection all set up so then once you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00927-00244835-00245017 have that packet capture file
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00928-00245017-00245344 set up you can use this tail command and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00929-00245344-00245533 pipe that directly into snorts Oh snort
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00930-00245534-00245737 is reading from that pcap file in real
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00931-00245738-00246069 time and we've uploaded the rules that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00932-00246071-00246241 we want on there and you can see it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00933-00246242-00246409 loading commencing packet processing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00934-00246410-00246691 that means we're all good yep so now
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00935-00246692-00246829 we're going to switch over to a little
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00936-00246830-00247036 video where we show you us actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00937-00247037-00247519 infecting the phone we were hoping to do
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00938-00247519-00247644 this here but we've had some video
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00939-00247646-00247819 issues so we're just going to talk you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00940-00247819-00248292 through it so you just watched a startup
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00941-00248294-00248611 snore and here's what our screen looks
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00942-00248612-00248917 like oops yeah you okay man that would
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00943-00248917-00249385 help good okay so you just watch this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00944-00249386-00249538 startup snort and here's what the full
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00945-00249539-00249748 screen looks like in the top left you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00946-00249748-00250017 can see snort running that second window
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00947-00250019-00250344 down there is actually the serial
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00948-00250346-00250528 connection to the console port on the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00949-00250529-00251148 femtocell here if I hit play you'll see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00950-00251150-00251298 you'll start to see the file size of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00951-00251300-00251491 that increase over time and then we have
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00952-00251492-00251698 our netcat listener down there now this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00953-00251698-00251905 is a phone starting up inside our cage
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00954-00251906-00252127 right here so this is recorded using
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00955-00252128-00252373 that audio-visual device and this is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00956-00252373-00252621 David compressed for time compress for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00957-00252623-00252973 time this is David our victim clicking
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00958-00252973-00253240 or starting up the phone we're also
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00959-00253241-00253459 watching for snort alerts as they come
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00960-00253460-00253702 in and you'll see as the phone starts up
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00961-00253703-00253969 boom right there our snort alert tells
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00962-00253969-00254338 us hey welcome to welcome to the network
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00963-00254339-00254491 basically we know that there's a new
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00964-00254492-00254971 phone on the network so jumping ahead a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00965-00254971-00255223 little bit we got a text message David
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00966-00255223-00255481 you got a text message someone says hey
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00967-00255482-00255873 check this out it was sneaky netcom and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00968-00255873-00256252 we're going to go por david is tricked
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00969-00256253-00256419 into clicking on the link now usually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00970-00256421-00256585 you're going to see this be a flash
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00971-00256586-00256780 player update with the stels malware it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00972-00256781-00256936 looks like this person was a little more
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00973-00256937-00257191 creative that actually said
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00974-00257192-00257626 I'll go back a second so this attacker
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00975-00257627-00257752 was more creative it said would you like
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00976-00257753-00258019 some candy and David David wanted some
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00977-00258019-00258321 candy looking and as soon as he clicked
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00978-00258323-00258498 on that and the mauers started
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00979-00258500-00258708 downloading you see boom Android stels
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00980-00258709-00259012 known malware binary snippet so it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00981-00259013-00259237 detected that binary just based on just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00982-00259238-00259675 based on the binary traffic so now the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00983-00259676-00260053 user installs it it always boggles my
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00984-00260054-00260232 mind that this works so consistently but
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00985-00260233-00260394 you know users know they have to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00986-00260396-00260650 download and install their updates we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00987-00260651-00261169 try to train them and here's us here's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00988-00261169-00261388 David installing the update now it warns
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00989-00261389-00261694 you that this that this malware wants a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00990-00261694-00261853 lot of permissions permissions to make
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00991-00261854-00262066 phone calls for permissions to send and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00992-00262067-00262278 receive text messages that kind of rat
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00993-00262279-00262821 who actually reads all that stuff yeah
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00994-00262822-00263199 now the application is installed and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00995-00263200-00263440 funny we got this little message that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00996-00263441-00263583 says your Android version does not
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00997-00263584-00263902 support this update setup is canceled so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00998-00263903-00264121 the user will say damn it we're sorry
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-00999-00264122-00264514 darn it and and I guess flash player
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01000-00264515-00264673 hasn't actually been installed so the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01001-00264674-00264906 application which appeared briefly on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01002-00264907-00265182 the desktop actually disappears but it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01003-00265183-00265312 is still running as we're going to see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01004-00265313-00265495 from the command and control traffic I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01005-00265496-00265753 believe it takes was it 60 seconds yeah
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01006-00265754-00265921 60 seconds for the first connection back
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01007-00265922-00266256 to C&C right so here in a minute yep
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01008-00266257-00266476 there you go right there possible C&C
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01009-00266477-00266728 server traffic so to the user I've
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01010-00266729-00266910 zoomed in here to the user it doesn't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01011-00266911-00267306 look like anything has happened but here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01012-00267307-00267517 you see possible C&C server traffic and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01013-00267518-00267654 it's hiring to that system in the United
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01014-00267655-00268162 States 31 172 161 216 and here we also
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01015-00268163-00268426 see a post from the infected client
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01016-00268427-00268591 that's because Android stels
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01017-00268592-00268860 communicates using in using HTTP post
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01018-00268861-00269098 method messages and we found some unique
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01019-00269099-00269360 strings that allow us to tell
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01020-00269361-00269559 specifically when it's an Android stels
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01021-00269560-00269709 post we're going to show those here in a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01022-00269710-00270132 few minutes and I believe we're seeing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01023-00270133-00270289 multiple copies of the traffic just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01024-00270290-00270448 because of the way that we're sniffing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01025-00270449-00270505 so that's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01026-00270506-00270790 thing that we may want to mate work on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01027-00270791-00271003 so that we're only seeing one copy but
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01028-00271004-00271213 we are sniffing on all the interfaces on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01029-00271214-00272026 the device okay so here again that phone
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01030-00272027-00272320 is just sitting there and every 15
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01031-00272321-00272569 minutes it sends a command outbound but
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01032-00272570-00272773 the first thing that happens is it sends
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01033-00272774-00273175 that post command 231 that system in the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01034-00273176-00273361 United States and it got a response
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01035-00273362-00273610 saying okay change the C&C server
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01036-00273611-00273874 address so next you see it start talking
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01037-00273875-00274219 to a different server that 95 IP address
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01038-00274220-00274411 right here that's based in the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01039-00274412-00274717 netherlands and that 95 IP address said
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01040-00274718-00275089 remove SMS filters so whatever SMS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01041-00275090-00275260 traffic was being filtered so that the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01042-00275261-00275443 user couldn't see it it's removing those
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01043-00275444-00275662 filters so now the user can actually see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01044-00275663-00275869 all the traffic that's nice and then you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01045-00275870-00276118 saw a weight 900 let me back up here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01046-00276119-00276577 three we saw a weight 900 command from
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01047-00276578-00276919 our CNC server right here that's 900
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01048-00276920-00277261 seconds or 15 minutes solo then we let
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01049-00277262-00277423 this run for two days and what we found
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01050-00277424-00277705 was every 15 minutes like clockwork it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01051-00277706-00277900 was sending that post command out and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01052-00277901-00278104 automatically the server would respond
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01053-00278105-00278389 back and say okay wait another 900
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01054-00278390-00278614 seconds so not a whole lot was happening
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01055-00278615-00278872 right there until we started taking over
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01056-00278873-00279214 and actually intercepting things any
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01057-00279215-00279655 questions on the demo so far anything
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01058-00279656-00280191 you want to ask no question good oh good
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01059-00280192-00281680 okay there's a question yes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01060-00281681-00282110 some of its traffic it uses I also some
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01061-00282111-00282339 SMS messages which will not get routed
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01062-00282340-00282573 over Wi-Fi and that's true of a couple
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01063-00282574-00282707 of different bots there's some that use
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01064-00282708-00283044 exclusively SMS for the CNC this one you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01065-00283045-00283283 would still see like these HTTP POST
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01066-00283284-00283451 yeah you would still see that over Wi-Fi
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01067-00283452-00284006 yep okay so let's stay in two stalls in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01068-00284007-00284156 a little more detail and walk through
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01069-00284157-00284994 this a little more slowly all right so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01070-00284995-00285179 here you see the text message recent hey
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01071-00285180-00285476 check this out sneaky netcom and here's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01072-00285477-00285629 welcome to sneaky net would you like
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01073-00285630-00285774 some candy we just saw that and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01074-00285775-00285999 unfortunately David clicked on the link
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01075-00286000-00286403 Oh God has phone infected and we saw
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01076-00286404-00286655 this this burst alert in there it went
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01077-00286656-00286856 by pretty quick there was an alert on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01078-00286857-00287115 the malware file name / player android
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01079-00287116-00287333 update I APK because it appeared in that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01080-00287334-00287534 website so if you have users in your
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01081-00287535-00287748 environment or if your you yourself are
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01082-00287749-00287913 on your home network you could see this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01083-00287914-00288096 alert pop up before you're even infected
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01084-00288097-00288503 and here's the I think I'm gonna have to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01085-00288504-00288662 pop down there again so I can see this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01086-00288663-00289909 Sorry Sorry sound guys
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01087-00289910-00290162 alright so here you see the Android file
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01088-00290163-00290308 name it's actually part of the get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01089-00290309-00290626 request right here the HTTP GET so it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01090-00290627-00290722 buried in there and it's cool because
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01091-00290723-00290891 you can see Wireshark didn't dissect
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01092-00290892-00291049 this again because it's probably one of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01093-00291050-00291416 the 88-81 pet GRE packets but you can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01094-00291417-00291695 see the 4500 the IP address the 00 50
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01095-00291696-00291815 which means it's port 80 and that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01096-00291816-00292070 correlates with the get bad girl flash
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01097-00292071-00292702 player android update APK the second
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01098-00292703-00292927 snorty birth that popped up was an alert
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01099-00292928-00293101 on the malware binary snippet the first
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01100-00293102-00293363 42 bytes so after that get requests
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01101-00293364-00293564 happened we saw the first 42 bytes come
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01102-00293565-00293698 up and that came up multiple times
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01103-00293699-00294212 actually here it is in wireshark now
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01104-00294213-00294437 because this was coming the other way
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01105-00294438-00294596 this was an inbound instead of an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01106-00294597-00295054 outbound HTTP message Wireshark Ashley
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01107-00295055-00295228 dissected it to a much greater level we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01108-00295229-00295394 actually see the IP there we actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01109-00295395-00295624 see the TCP there it didn't get the HTTP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01110-00295625-00295847 but you can see here the start of the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01111-00295848-00296050 Android stels malware binary that PK
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01112-00296051-00296192 that indicates it's a Windows executable
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01113-00296193-00296758 file so then you saw the flash player
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01114-00296759-00296929 with the nice flash player icon that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01115-00296930-00297112 means it's safe and really from adobe
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01116-00297113-00297470 download it onto the phone and David
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01117-00297471-00297665 used the package installer to install it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01118-00297666-00297917 here's a clearer version of what it was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01119-00297918-00298183 trying to do do we want to allow this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01120-00298184-00298474 application to see our messages read
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01121-00298475-00298675 your contact information will show you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01122-00298676-00298871 how we we controlled it to send out our
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01123-00298872-00299120 contact information it had full internet
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01124-00299121-00299350 access it had access to the storage on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01125-00299351-00299659 the smart phone services that cost you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01126-00299660-00299897 money so it can call premium numbers and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01127-00299898-00300122 it can send text messages to premium
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01128-00300123-00300382 numbers and it can read the phone status
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01129-00300383-00300647 and ID do you want to install this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01130-00300648-00300979 application why yes we do application
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01131-00300980-00301300 installed here's what it looked like
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01132-00301301-00301490 when it was first installed on the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01133-00301491-00301646 desktop then we got this message that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01134-00301647-00301769 said your Android version does not
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01135-00301770-00301916 support this update set up it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01136-00301917-00302171 cancelled and then boom that was gone
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01137-00302172-00302372 but as you saw it was still running in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01138-00302373-00303001 the background your mics not on David no
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01139-00303002-00303270 no go ahead
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01140-00303271-00303520 honestly I think they gave up at this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01141-00303521-00303691 point the malware authors they're like
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01142-00303692-00303834 oh they're pone now we don't have to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01143-00303835-00303951 make it look pretty they just put a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01144-00303952-00304097 white screen with text at that point
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01145-00304098-00304785 yeah ok so again the user cannot tell
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01146-00304786-00304959 that the phone is infected this is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01147-00304960-00305344 invisible to the end user and while this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01148-00305345-00305550 is going on we saw the possible CNC
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01149-00305551-00305727 server traffic and we were alerting on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01150-00305728-00305965 that IP address just presenting itself
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01151-00305966-00306374 as a string inside the inside a packet
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01152-00306375-00306780 here you can see here you can see a DNS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01153-00306781-00307012 response so before it starts talking to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01154-00307013-00307206 that C&C server the first time it has to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01155-00307207-00307458 do a DNS request for the domain and then
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01156-00307459-00307615 it's going to get a DNS response in the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01157-00307616-00307846 request the domain was broken up in the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01158-00307847-00308022 response it wasn't so we saw the alert
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01159-00308023-00308212 on the response and it's kind of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01160-00308213-00308392 interesting that Wireshark actually does
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01161-00308393-00308743 dissect this properly so we see PPP and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01162-00308744-00308941 then I pee in the UDP and then it did
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01163-00308942-00309295 get the highest layer protocol DNS so a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01164-00309296-00309498 challenge to the audience I will mail
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01165-00309499-00309672 you a ninja duck if you fix these
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01166-00309673-00310005 protocol dissectors that's totally worth
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01167-00310006-00310417 it and we saw the earlier DNS requests
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01168-00310418-00310591 did not here's the fragmentation right
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01169-00310592-00310809 there there is the domain and you can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01170-00310810-00311025 see it's cut off dot F R somethin
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01171-00311026-00311405 somethin the rest is in the next packet
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01172-00311406-00311871 ok so here is an HTTP POST this HTTP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01173-00311872-00312282 POST message is the actual stels command
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01174-00312283-00312442 and control traffic this is what the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01175-00312443-00312657 phone home message looks like when it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01176-00312658-00312862 talking to the attacker server in the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01177-00312863-00313323 Netherlands so you can see here PPP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01178-00313324-00313473 Wireshark didn't dissected but you can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01179-00313474-00313816 see post / data PHP this post message
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01180-00313817-00314058 was broken up across 23 packets and I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01181-00314059-00314223 had to reassemble them manually which
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01182-00314224-00314532 was a real pain here's what it here's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01183-00314533-00314805 the first half of it its pretty long it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01184-00314806-00315060 has that that a unique multi-part
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01185-00315061-00315367 boundary right here a 3x and that's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01186-00315368-00315517 pretty easy to alert on you can just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01187-00315518-00315865 stick that into snort it sends the imei
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01188-00315866-00316069 the imsi so you can tell the phone's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01189-00316070-00316265 number from the post
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01190-00316266-00316421 to the attacker and the attacker can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01191-00316422-00316640 tell that information about the phone
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01192-00316641-00317107 the version what time it thinks it is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01193-00317108-00317462 also the name bought ID and some other
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01194-00317463-00317690 stuff in there Samsung the manufacturer
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01195-00317691-00317900 so it sends a bunch of information about
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01196-00317901-00318068 the bot sense a bunch of information
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01197-00318069-00318353 about itself to the attacker every 15
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01198-00318354-00318482 minutes or however long the attacker
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01199-00318483-00318719 tells it and we can see that happening
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01200-00318720-00318938 here snort alerted on it successfully I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01201-00318939-00319178 alerted on the string bot ID I also
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01202-00319179-00319370 alerted on that unique multi-part
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01203-00319371-00319940 boundary in an HTTP POST here's the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01204-00319941-00320171 here's the server's response so the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01205-00320172-00320354 server is going to get this post message
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01206-00320355-00320609 and start sending commands in response
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01207-00320610-00320855 it's just a it's a very simple thing we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01208-00320856-00321029 actually there's no authentication here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01209-00321030-00321296 between the infected ba and the server
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01210-00321297-00321581 we've seen malware more complex and were
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01211-00321582-00321815 sophisticated since 1999 when I think it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01212-00321816-00322049 was the Babylonia worm came out we've
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01213-00322050-00322568 had authentication so here IP tcp HTTP
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01214-00322569-00322787 Wireshark actually got the HTTP this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01215-00322788-00323032 time this is an incoming message from
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01216-00323033-00323276 the attacker server in the Netherlands
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01217-00323277-00323585 and here's if you reassemble it here's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01218-00323586-00323840 what it looks like remove all SMS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01219-00323841-00324191 filters true ok wait 60 so it's telling
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01220-00324192-00324401 it only wait 60 seconds and then talk to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01221-00324402-00324716 me again and then it changed the server
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01222-00324717-00324974 address so that's kind of cool Scott
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01223-00324975-00325094 I'll talk to you a little bit more about
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01224-00325095-00325301 it it can send lots of other commands as
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01225-00325302-00325463 well pretty much anything in that in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01226-00325464-00325751 this let's see I have a list here pretty
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01227-00325752-00326063 much anything in this list send SMS the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01228-00326064-00326204 server can tell to send an SMS message
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01229-00326205-00326501 it can tell to delete an SMS message it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01230-00326502-00326798 can tell to open a URL send a contact
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01231-00326799-00327011 list out to the attacker so it can read
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01232-00327012-00327218 all of your contacts or just update
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01233-00327219-00327488 itself make call is the last one it can
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01234-00327489-00327644 make phone calls without you knowing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01235-00327645-00328124 about it where were we ok so remove all
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01236-00328125-00328283 SMS filters we put some of those
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01237-00328284-00328460 commands into snore and snort we'll
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01238-00328461-00328604 alert individually on each of the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01239-00328605-00328829 commands so you'll have a log of exactly
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01240-00328830-00328994 what your mouth was doing if you set it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01241-00328995-00329477 up this way and then again after it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01242-00329478-00329618 received that change
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01243-00329619-00329921 of server we then saw a DNS query and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01244-00329922-00330101 response for the new server name and we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01245-00330102-00330283 saw a corresponding alert to go along
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01246-00330284-00330752 with it so the bots sent a post to the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01247-00330753-00331043 new server then over the Netherlands and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01248-00331044-00331282 it received a new response this time
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01249-00331283-00331487 that second server said remove all SMS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01250-00331488-00331715 filters true wait 900 so instead of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01251-00331716-00331882 telling it wait 60 seconds the new
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01252-00331883-00332042 server said wait nine hundred seconds
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01253-00332043-00332267 every 15 minutes this would still be
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01254-00332268-00332434 pretty easy to see if you were watching
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01255-00332435-00332765 your traffic in an enterprise every 15
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01256-00332766-00332912 minutes is still pretty noisy on the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01257-00332913-00333133 network but the attacker could tell it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01258-00333134-00333368 wait a month and it wouldn't phone back
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01259-00333369-00333542 for a month and that would be a lot
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01260-00333543-00333971 harder to detect so here's a screenshot
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01261-00333972-00334316 are a cellular intrusion detection
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01262-00334317-00334676 system cits was successful we alerted on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01263-00334677-00334889 the initial infection we alerted on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01264-00334890-00335138 every phone home that the bot made to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01265-00335139-00335399 the attacker and you can use this same
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01266-00335400-00335612 method to detect smart infected
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01267-00335613-00335792 smartphones in your environment whether
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01268-00335793-00335993 you're at home or whether you're at work
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01269-00335994-00336491 so now Randy price is going to talk
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01270-00336492-00339471 about the device forensic analysis
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01271-00339472-00339838 haha questions were be able to see SMS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01272-00339839-00340036 messages and dissect them and set up a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01273-00340037-00340342 fake SMS server we do have SMS traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01274-00340343-00340654 as I'm sorry a fake CMC server we do
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01275-00340655-00340849 have SMS traffic we haven't really had
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01276-00340850-00341002 too much time to play with it but that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01277-00341003-00341188 is definitely the next step that we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01278-00341189-00341308 going to be poking around with when we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01279-00341309-00341578 get home I'm hoping Tom Ridder will lend
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01280-00341579-00341833 us his SMS dissector the thing about the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01281-00341834-00342067 SMS is that it's there it's not
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01282-00342068-00342268 encrypted but it's encoded but it's like
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01283-00342269-00342502 reverse seven bite or something don't
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01284-00342503-00342904 quote me on that but yeah as far as the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01285-00342905-00343140 C&C we'll get to that in just a second
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01286-00343141-00343366 after capturing traffic from the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01287-00343367-00343540 infected phones we conducted device
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01288-00343541-00343852 forensic analysis the forensic analysis
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01289-00343853-00344008 collaborated findings from our network
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01290-00344009-00344278 forensics analysis we took a physical
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01291-00344279-00344587 extraction of the Samson illusion with
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01292-00344588-00344854 the cellebrite you fed in the foot that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01293-00344855-00345001 the phone after the phone had been
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01294-00345002-00345223 infected in the testing lab please note
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01295-00345224-00345777 that be ok ok please note is that better
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01296-00345778-00346213 ok please note that the infected and the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01297-00346214-00346438 infecting and the extraction were
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01298-00346439-00346687 performed with an RF shielded test
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01299-00346688-00347590 enclosure which is shown here ok
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01300-00347591-00347829 the cellebrite physical analyzer was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01301-00347830-00348073 used to analyze the extraction the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01302-00348074-00348292 malware scanner identified for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01303-00348293-00348538 potentially malicious files which are
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01304-00348539-00348937 shown here the cellebrite malware
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01305-00348938-00349179 scanner identified all of the suspicious
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01306-00349180-00349557 files as android trojan fake app k we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01307-00349558-00349726 recovered each of the files and took the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01308-00349727-00349993 sha-1 cryptographic checksums we confirm
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01309-00349994-00350205 that these sha-1 sums match the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01310-00350206-00350430 cryptographic checksums for the Android
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01311-00350431-00350641 stels malware reported in the Dell
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01312-00350642-00350877 SecureWorks tales android trojan malware
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01313-00350878-00351526 analysis report we found a file called
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01314-00351527-00351844 stealth settings.xml which appeared to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01315-00351845-00352048 contain malware configuration settings
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01316-00352049-00352278 as you can see from the configuration
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01317-00352279-00352573 file each bot is assigned a ba ID this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01318-00352574-00352771 allows the bot harder to manage the bots
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01319-00352772-00353055 under their control the server listed is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01320-00353056-00353304 the command and control server that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01321-00353305-00353553 instructs the bot where to where to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01322-00353554-00353965 phone home to the period value of 300
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01323-00353966-00354172 seconds or five minutes is the initial
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01324-00354173-00354445 phone home interval this tells the bot
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01325-00354446-00355587 to phone home every five minutes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01326-00355588-00356033 oh right good morning def con I'm super
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01327-00356034-00356193 stoked to see so many guys out here for
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01328-00356194-00356472 a 10am on a Saturday hey I'm gonna hop
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01329-00356473-00356600 down here I like to walk around and use
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01330-00356601-00357158 my laser what's that there you go
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01331-00357159-00357575 stronger ones alright so because of the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01332-00357576-00357822 research surrounding did with the you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01333-00357823-00358038 fed and we were able to determine the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01334-00358039-00358202 way thats tells is communicating back to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01335-00358203-00358409 its command and control server we knew
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01336-00358410-00358574 that we knew the address of the command
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01337-00358575-00358730 and control server so we also knew that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01338-00358731-00359016 you know can what we're looking for so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01339-00359017-00359306 let's be a man-in-the-middle when we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01340-00359307-00359429 want to do man the middle attack against
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01341-00359430-00359643 this i had to set up a proxy so we could
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01342-00359644-00359810 tunnel the traffic back through there so
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01343-00359811-00359975 enter my favorite tool for doing web
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01344-00359976-00360438 testing burp suite professional to set
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01345-00360439-00360591 this up we had to tunnel all the traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01346-00360592-00360779 as i said through burp suite and we were
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01347-00360780-00360953 really looking at that port 80 traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01348-00360954-00361478 over HTTP just to be sure that i was
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01349-00361479-00361641 getting all the packets I decided to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01350-00361642-00361764 route the Android device that we were
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01351-00361765-00362037 using when I do mobile application
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01352-00362038-00362193 penetration testing I usually take a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01353-00362194-00362523 rooted device in just in order to get
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01354-00362524-00362673 all the SSL encrypted packets as well
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01355-00362674-00362885 because I wasn't sure perhaps tells is
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01356-00362886-00363005 using you know two forms of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01357-00363006-00363149 communication we just weren't seeing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01358-00363150-00363399 that encrypted portion of then doing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01359-00363400-00363530 that on an android phone is kind of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01360-00363531-00363683 interesting you have to install your own
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01361-00363684-00363860 root certificate authority to the device
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01362-00363861-00364160 itself but to do that you have to do
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01363-00364161-00364392 even more work so you have to use an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01364-00364393-00364614 outdated version of openssl i think i
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01365-00364615-00364920 was using version 0.98 i think that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01366-00364921-00365112 shipped with the boon to 1004 originally
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01367-00365113-00365295 which is the virtual machine i set up to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01368-00365296-00365627 to do that on you have to create an md5
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01369-00365628-00365868 hash calculation of the subject line of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01370-00365869-00366141 the certificate appended 02 that and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01371-00366142-00366420 then install that into this several
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01372-00366421-00366659 files down in the system directory of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01373-00366660-00366897 the android device and to do that you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01374-00366898-00367130 have to have root on the device once i
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01375-00367131-00367344 had root a remounted / system as read
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01376-00367345-00367484 write and then install that certificate
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01377-00367485-00367703 to the correct place and now we can see
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01378-00367704-00367835 all the traffic running through that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01379-00367836-00367952 phone know that if it's a web
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01380-00367953-00368271 application if it's a you know just a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01381-00368272-00368456 mobile banking app i can see all the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01382-00368457-00368565 traffic running through and actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01383-00368566-00368874 intercept that using my proxy in this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01384-00368875-00368974 case we I didn't have to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01385-00368975-00369148 end of doing that the all the traffic
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01386-00369149-00369397 was going over port 80 HTTP completely
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01387-00369398-00369622 unencrypted and let's take a look here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01388-00369623-00369973 we turn on intercept of course so what I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01389-00369974-00370189 saw was well show you how to looted to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01390-00370190-00370360 over here we see remove all SMS filters
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01391-00370361-00370588 true so it's not listening on that it's
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01392-00370589-00370846 using the HTTP method it's saying wait
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01393-00370847-00371053 60 so it's telling it to wait 60 seconds
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01394-00371054-00371275 before calling back and we're seeing it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01395-00371276-00371409 set the command and control server here
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01396-00371410-00371629 so I got to thinking well I wonder if
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01397-00371630-00371770 it's going to be this easy all's I had
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01398-00371771-00371965 to do was replace the command and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01399-00371966-00372160 control server with a server that I own
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01400-00372161-00372349 and now my device is going to be calling
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01401-00372350-00372721 back to me so I did that total to wait
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01402-00372722-00372943 60 I still sent the remove all SMS
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01403-00372944-00373186 filters true and then I decide to wait
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01404-00373187-00373480 yes 60 seconds sure enough it worked and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01405-00373481-00373711 now it's calling back to me instead of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01406-00373712-00373972 the actual C&C server now the server
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01407-00373973-00374119 that I said I've didn't actually send
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01408-00374120-00374275 commands or do any control stuff it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01409-00374276-00374581 would just get a 404 error when the bot
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01410-00374582-00374743 actually receives that for for air it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01411-00374744-00374899 does a timeout and then you have to wait
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01412-00374900-00375052 five minutes until you can actually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01413-00375053-00375244 start communicating with it again so I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01414-00375245-00375370 was like well this is kind of trouble
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01415-00375371-00375445 something's going to take me way more
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01416-00375446-00375661 time to do my research so instead I just
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01417-00375662-00375814 continued to keep intercepting all of
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01418-00375815-00375979 the requests and telling it to wait 60
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01419-00375980-00376219 or wait five or wait 30 depending on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01420-00376220-00376396 what I was trying to do I did find out
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01421-00376397-00376537 that when I tried to set it to you know
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01422-00376538-00376744 wait to wait five seconds it would start
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01423-00376745-00376855 going so fast that would eventually
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01424-00376856-00377008 timeout and then it would wait between
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01425-00377009-00377176 five and 15 minutes before calling out
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01426-00377177-00377644 again so that was even less helpful you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01427-00377645-00377923 can also adjust it for you no more
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01428-00377924-00378055 extended periods of time if you want to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01429-00378056-00378169 you know take a break and go to lunch
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01430-00378170-00378334 you could set an hour I found that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01431-00378335-00378706 pretty helpful so controlling stels I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01432-00378707-00378910 wanted to see if we could actually tell
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01433-00378911-00379150 it to export that that contact list from
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01434-00379151-00379396 the device and sure enough you can I
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01435-00379397-00379642 just had to set send contact list true
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01436-00379643-00380050 wait 60 seconds in 60 seconds later we
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01437-00380051-00380230 see it signed out that contact
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01438-00380231-00380347 information as you can see at the bottom
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01439-00380348-00380503 of the page here I actually got all the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01440-00380504-00380749 phone numbers off of that device and you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01441-00380750-00380878 can read you can read that it sent it
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01442-00380879-00381069 right back to the attacker over here and
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01443-00381070-00381331 had why not change that command control
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01444-00381332-00381475 server the attacker now has all the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01445-00381476-00381598 contacts in my device and they're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01446-00381599-00381760 probably now going to use those contacts
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01447-00381761-00382057 to infect more phones I find this to be
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01448-00382058-00382171 really helpful with safe you're an
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01449-00382172-00382289 enterprise environment I don't know how
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01450-00382290-00382435 you guys have to manage IT where you're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01451-00382436-00382742 from but if you have a device on your
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01452-00382743-00382909 network you know it's infected because
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01453-00382910-00383185 we have a cellular IDs now it's not
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01454-00383186-00383401 always easy to find that device and on
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01455-00383402-00383594 top of that you may have a BYOD policy
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01456-00383595-00383744 where you've got employees coming in
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01457-00383745-00383915 that own their own device and now you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01458-00383916-00384071 can't actually gain access to it to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01459-00384072-00384299 clean that Nell we're off using this
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01460-00384300-00384454 method we never even touched the device
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01461-00384455-00384638 and we actually protect that user by
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01462-00384639-00384770 cutting off the head of the snake so to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01463-00384771-00385013 speak if the attacker is no longer
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01464-00385014-00385148 communicating with that device the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01465-00385149-00385252 attacker is not gonna be able to steal
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01466-00385253-00385453 that data this buys us a lot of time to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01467-00385454-00385640 actually track that device down get the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01468-00385641-00385766 appropriate permission and get that
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01469-00385767-00386426 virus cleaned off of there nice thank
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01470-00386427-00387023 you Scott so that pretty much concludes
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01471-00387024-00387263 our presentation as you saw we were able
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01472-00387264-00387460 to infect an android phone with stealth
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01473-00387461-00387757 just as a demonstration we detected the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01474-00387758-00387938 infection and the command and control
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01475-00387939-00388207 channel so both pieces of that and no
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01476-00388208-00388415 agent was actually needed on the device
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01477-00388416-00388585 in order to do this we could have shut
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01478-00388586-00388793 this down remotely without installing
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01479-00388794-00389182 anything this was all for $285 and a
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01480-00389183-00389345 little bit of pixie dust which you guys
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01481-00389346-00389717 have now and of course if you wanted to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01482-00389718-00389915 get a beefier server you certainly could
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01483-00389916-00390151 again here's that parts list all you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01484-00390152-00390422 need is a femto sell some kind of system
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01485-00390423-00390601 whether it's a laptop or a super old
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01486-00390602-00390866 dell optiplex or whatever it is a hub or
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01487-00390867-00391262 switch and then some cables thank you
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01488-00391263-00391448 all so much we're going to take
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01489-00391449-00391759 questions if anyone wants to see the
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01490-00391760-00391954 demo a little bit closer up what room
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01491-00391955-00392377 are we gonna be in afterwards we're
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01492-00392378-00392471 going to tear down and we're going to
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01493-00392472-00392666 move somewhere else so feel free to come
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01494-00392667-00393630 visit us lmg security com / blog
+ovYrkpBl3Cc-01495-00393631-00393837 you
+oxk96JcVlzy-00000-00000045-00000293 green cheese is a fresh cheese that has
+oxk96JcVlzy-00001-00000294-00000502 not thoroughly dried nor aged which is
+oxk96JcVlzy-00002-00000503-00000686 white in color and usually round in
+oxk96JcVlzy-00003-00000687-00000895 shape the Oxford English Dictionary
+oxk96JcVlzy-00004-00000896-00001219 gives a reference from the Year 1542 of
+oxk96JcVlzy-00005-00001220-00001498 the four sorts of cheese the first sort
+oxk96JcVlzy-00006-00001499-00001697 is green cheese which is not green by
+oxk96JcVlzy-00007-00001698-00001901 reason of color but for its newness or
+oxk96JcVlzy-00008-00001902-00002081 under ripened State for the way is not
+oxk96JcVlzy-00009-00002082-00002213 half pressed out of it yet
+oxk96JcVlzy-00010-00002214-00002444 the phrase is not commonly used to
+oxk96JcVlzy-00011-00002445-00002624 describe the color of a cheese though
+oxk96JcVlzy-00012-00002625-00002762 there are some cheese's with a greenish
+oxk96JcVlzy-00013-00002763-00002995 tint usually from mould or added herbs
+oxk96JcVlzy-00014-00002996-00003251 there are other instances in which the
+oxk96JcVlzy-00015-00003252-00003656 word green is used to mean new such as
+oxk96JcVlzy-00016-00003657-00003926 in the term green horn which refers to
+oxk96JcVlzy-00017-00003927-00004545 an inexperienced person
+oxk96JcVlzy-00018-00004546-00005124 topic in popular culture
+oxk96JcVlzy-00019-00005125-00005334 the phrase the moon is made of green
+oxk96JcVlzy-00020-00005335-00005535 cheese refers to the similarity in
+oxk96JcVlzy-00021-00005536-00005724 appearance of a typical round green
+oxk96JcVlzy-00022-00005725-00005997 cheese in the full moon it is commonly
+oxk96JcVlzy-00023-00005998-00006177 misinterpreted to mean that the moon is
+oxk96JcVlzy-00024-00006178-00006381 green in colour which isn't the case the
+oxk96JcVlzy-00025-00006382-00006581 surface of the Moon is quite dark and
+oxk96JcVlzy-00026-00006583-00006744 could be described as having the colour
+oxk96JcVlzy-00027-00006745-00006959 of old weathered black asphalt john
+oxk96JcVlzy-00028-00006961-00007089 maynard keynes made a reference
+oxk96JcVlzy-00029-00007090-00007314 comparing a green cheese to the moon in
+oxk96JcVlzy-00030-00007315-00007569 his 1936 book the general theory of
+oxk96JcVlzy-00031-00007570-00007875 employment interest and money the exact
+oxk96JcVlzy-00032-00007876-00008067 meaning of the sentence is debated but
+oxk96JcVlzy-00033-00008068-00008232 the equation of the moon with a green
+oxk96JcVlzy-00034-00008233-00008396 cheese is clear
+oxk96JcVlzy-00035-00008397-00008613 unemployment develops that is to say
+oxk96JcVlzy-00036-00008614-00008823 because people want the moon men cannot
+oxk96JcVlzy-00037-00008824-00009045 be employed when the object of desire ie
+oxk96JcVlzy-00038-00009046-00009231 money is something which cannot be
+oxk96JcVlzy-00039-00009232-00009444 produced and the demand for which cannot
+oxk96JcVlzy-00040-00009445-00009708 be readily choked off there is no remedy
+oxk96JcVlzy-00041-00009709-00009906 but to persuade the public that green
+oxk96JcVlzy-00042-00009907-00010116 cheese is practically the same thing and
+oxk96JcVlzy-00043-00010117-00010305 to have a green cheese factory ie a
+oxk96JcVlzy-00044-00010306-00010626 central bank under public control there
+oxk96JcVlzy-00045-00010627-00010842 is a popular saying in Scotland you
+oxk96JcVlzy-00046-00010843-00011130 can't see green cheese go past you this
+oxk96JcVlzy-00047-00011131-00011274 means that you must have whatever
+oxk96JcVlzy-00048-00011275-00011454 someone else has just for the sake of
+oxk96JcVlzy-00049-00011455-00011739 having it for example a child's friend
+oxk96JcVlzy-00050-00011740-00011925 may get a bike and although the child is
+oxk96JcVlzy-00051-00011926-00012051 unable to ride a bike
+oxk96JcVlzy-00052-00012052-00012195 they will pester their parents to buy
+oxk96JcVlzy-00053-00012196-00012375 one the following west frisian language
+oxk96JcVlzy-00054-00012376-00012627 Shibboleth makes reference to it pewter
+oxk96JcVlzy-00055-00012628-00012984 and brea and green TSI is wat dat nets
+oxk96JcVlzy-00056-00012985-00013334 is e kin as g ji and ochre chucked fries
+oxk96JcVlzy-00057-00013335-00013560 meaning butter and bread and green
+oxk96JcVlzy-00058-00013561-00013752 cheese who can't say that is no true
+oxk96JcVlzy-00059-00013753-00014303 frisian
+oxk96JcVlzy-00060-00014304-00014897 topic actual green cheese's
+oxk96JcVlzy-00061-00014897-00015119 the veins of most blue cheese are in
+oxk96JcVlzy-00062-00015119-00015368 fact a dark bluish green there are
+oxk96JcVlzy-00063-00015369-00015563 several varieties of cheese which are
+oxk96JcVlzy-00064-00015563-00015778 actually green or pale green in color
+oxk96JcVlzy-00065-00015779-00016166 green cheese varieties include cherni
+oxk96JcVlzy-00066-00016166-00016505 vit green cheese from bulgaria sage
+oxk96JcVlzy-00067-00016506-00016819 derby cheese shab Zigor swiss green
+oxk96JcVlzy-00068-00016820-00017000 cheese other cheeses exist which are
+oxk96JcVlzy-00069-00017001-00017194 wholly or partly green in color due to
+oxk96JcVlzy-00070-00017195-00017802 the addition of herbs
+oxk96JcVlzy-00071-00017803-00018289 topic notes
+oxk96JcVlzy-00072-00018290-00018495 you
+oycJTqMErPI-00000-00000014-00000265 really from the 1980s when we got
+oycJTqMErPI-00001-00000266-00000582 scalable computing for the first time
+oycJTqMErPI-00002-00000583-00000804 technology has been a bit of a fetish
+oycJTqMErPI-00003-00000805-00001145 fetishistic device we got obsessed with
+oycJTqMErPI-00004-00001146-00001394 it I think the last three to four years
+oycJTqMErPI-00005-00001395-00001612 we started to take it for granted which
+oycJTqMErPI-00006-00001613-00001754 is a much better place to be in because
+oycJTqMErPI-00007-00001755-00002105 then it's a useful tool so I think what
+oycJTqMErPI-00008-00002106-00002293 you start and see is technology become
+oycJTqMErPI-00009-00002294-00002804 pervasive which means you can get both
+oycJTqMErPI-00010-00002805-00002981 high level design highly structured
+oycJTqMErPI-00011-00002982-00003154 things and you can get so for
+oycJTqMErPI-00012-00003155-00003431 self-organization so if you look at the
+oycJTqMErPI-00013-00003432-00003604 way social computing works I can
+oycJTqMErPI-00014-00003605-00003824 assemble very sophisticated systems from
+oycJTqMErPI-00015-00003825-00004060 free tools within the open architecture
+oycJTqMErPI-00016-00004061-00004306 yeah even ten years ago that would have
+oycJTqMErPI-00017-00004307-00004583 been a million-dollar purse project so I
+oycJTqMErPI-00018-00004584-00004836 think that the key difference is is not
+oycJTqMErPI-00019-00004837-00005077 not the way you pose the question I
+oycJTqMErPI-00020-00005078-00005258 think is more the fact is now pervasive
+oycJTqMErPI-00021-00005259-00005558 I think we're also starting to realize
+oycJTqMErPI-00022-00005559-00005797 the limits of Technology and starting to
+oycJTqMErPI-00023-00005798-00006008 realize that it's there to augment human
+oycJTqMErPI-00024-00006009-00006218 intelligence not to replace it and
+oycJTqMErPI-00025-00006219-00006470 that's kind of like a post bpr six sigma
+oycJTqMErPI-00026-00006470-00006662 tours phase but that's early days so
+oycJTqMErPI-00027-00006663-00006944 that's a less justifiable prediction I
+oycJTqMErPI-00028-00006945-00007148 think as in all technologies they'll
+oycJTqMErPI-00029-00007148-00007534 co-evolved so yeah the coevolution is
+oycJTqMErPI-00030-00007536-00007694 part you know from when we picked up the
+oycJTqMErPI-00031-00007695-00007885 first branch and hit hit an animal with
+oycJTqMErPI-00032-00007886-00008063 it all right we've been co-evolving with
+oycJTqMErPI-00033-00008064-00008345 articles so i think the tools modify
+oycJTqMErPI-00034-00008346-00008498 themselves to work better with human
+oycJTqMErPI-00035-00008499-00008663 social systems and humans learn better
+oycJTqMErPI-00036-00008664-00008909 how to use the tools and hesitate Mia so
+oycJTqMErPI-00037-00008910-00009085 it's a co-evolutionary process rather
+oycJTqMErPI-00038-00009086-00009406 than adoption process and you also get a
+oycJTqMErPI-00039-00009407-00009581 lot of exaptation in that the thing that
+oycJTqMErPI-00040-00009582-00009799 technology allows us to do is to make
+oycJTqMErPI-00041-00009800-00010019 what's newgoogle called punctuated
+oycJTqMErPI-00042-00010020-00010334 equilibrium seven rapid unexpected
+oycJTqMErPI-00043-00010335-00010580 changes because we see potentially in a
+oycJTqMErPI-00044-00010581-00010753 technology which it wasn't designed for
+oycJTqMErPI-00045-00010754-00010996 ya twitter's the classic case with ash
+oycJTqMErPI-00046-00010997-00011231 tanks and nobody's like that in but it
+oycJTqMErPI-00047-00011232-00011444 just got used so that that's exaptation
+oycJTqMErPI-00048-00011445-00011651 within a co-evolutionary environment
+oycJTqMErPI-00049-00011652-00012032 rather than adaptations
+oztXYLXP7ko-00000-00000000-00000137 those of you who don't know my name is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00001-00000138-00000361 Jane Smith and I am head of lab in
+oztXYLXP7ko-00002-00000362-00000632 archives and I'm going to do a double
+oztXYLXP7ko-00003-00000633-00000857 act with James hodgkin who is that I be
+oztXYLXP7ko-00004-00000858-00001094 services manager but what we're
+oztXYLXP7ko-00005-00001095-00001391 presenting actually is a joint effort
+oztXYLXP7ko-00006-00001392-00001549 we're working with the number of
+oztXYLXP7ko-00007-00001550-00001676 colleagues both in the library and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00008-00001677-00002108 outside line on this project and two of
+oztXYLXP7ko-00009-00002109-00002348 our colleagues and who've also
+oztXYLXP7ko-00010-00002349-00002785 contributed to the presentation it works
+oztXYLXP7ko-00011-00002786-00003158 great Sarah Vincent and Michael around
+oztXYLXP7ko-00012-00003159-00003263 so they're sitting there so with any
+oztXYLXP7ko-00013-00003264-00003368 questions at the end there may be able
+oztXYLXP7ko-00014-00003369-00004133 to help too so thank you very much for
+oztXYLXP7ko-00015-00004134-00004277 giving us the opportunity to share what
+oztXYLXP7ko-00016-00004278-00004579 we're going to do and I think the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00017-00004580-00004731 library in the archives work has been
+oztXYLXP7ko-00018-00004732-00005075 referred to throughout the morning in
+oztXYLXP7ko-00019-00005076-00005222 the afternoon which is which is very
+oztXYLXP7ko-00020-00005223-00005477 good but just to give a sense of what we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00021-00005478-00005750 will cover today were involved in a
+oztXYLXP7ko-00022-00005751-00005956 five-year strategy two years into that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00023-00005957-00006215 five years strategy to improve and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00024-00006216-00006436 develop our library services to look at
+oztXYLXP7ko-00025-00006437-00006592 our physical collections and how they're
+oztXYLXP7ko-00026-00006593-00006800 stored and how they're accessed but
+oztXYLXP7ko-00027-00006801-00007169 critically to look at our digital offer
+oztXYLXP7ko-00028-00007170-00007592 hence the virtual library project some
+oztXYLXP7ko-00029-00007593-00007712 of the challenges were facing at the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00030-00007713-00007901 moment is that I think this has been
+oztXYLXP7ko-00031-00007902-00008078 alluded to throughout this morning in
+oztXYLXP7ko-00032-00008079-00008228 this afternoon in that we're going
+oztXYLXP7ko-00033-00008229-00008456 through what my fellow information
+oztXYLXP7ko-00034-00008457-00008596 professionals would regard as another
+oztXYLXP7ko-00035-00008597-00008839 information explosion and I think there
+oztXYLXP7ko-00036-00008840-00009014 is an expectation now that everything is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00037-00009015-00009326 available it's freely available and it's
+oztXYLXP7ko-00038-00009327-00009617 easily accessible but there's also a lot
+oztXYLXP7ko-00039-00009618-00009914 of content out there that has not been
+oztXYLXP7ko-00040-00009915-00010246 digitized yet or is behind a paywall or
+oztXYLXP7ko-00041-00010247-00010610 behind copyright so although on one
+oztXYLXP7ko-00042-00010611-00010780 level it's accessible through catalogs
+oztXYLXP7ko-00043-00010781-00011110 and through websites it's not
+oztXYLXP7ko-00044-00011111-00011462 necessarily completely searchable so
+oztXYLXP7ko-00045-00011463-00011567 some of the challenges that we're facing
+oztXYLXP7ko-00046-00011568-00011867 is that we have a range of resources at
+oztXYLXP7ko-00047-00011868-00012269 this institution that is historical and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00048-00012270-00012719 current and our users are core users are
+oztXYLXP7ko-00049-00012720-00012958 our science users but also increasingly
+oztXYLXP7ko-00050-00012959-00013253 we have users who are coming to us from
+oztXYLXP7ko-00051-00013254-00013377 different discipline
+oztXYLXP7ko-00052-00013378-00013574 arts humanities Social Sciences
+oztXYLXP7ko-00053-00013575-00013893 commercial backgrounds and they want to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00054-00013894-00014424 access that full range of content how do
+oztXYLXP7ko-00055-00014425-00015099 I yeah so the pie chart here gives an
+oztXYLXP7ko-00056-00015100-00015366 idea of some of the challenges that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00057-00015366-00015543 we're facing both of this institution
+oztXYLXP7ko-00058-00015544-00015830 but it also reflects what our colleagues
+oztXYLXP7ko-00059-00015831-00016119 and other institutions are facing we are
+oztXYLXP7ko-00060-00016119-00016311 digitizing our collections and we're
+oztXYLXP7ko-00061-00016312-00016566 also buying or acquiring or providing
+oztXYLXP7ko-00062-00016567-00016922 access to through open source resources
+oztXYLXP7ko-00063-00016923-00017265 digital content but the actual
+oztXYLXP7ko-00064-00017266-00017499 proportion of that is quite small and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00065-00017500-00017790 it's represented by 1% born digital of
+oztXYLXP7ko-00066-00017791-00017967 the content that we're currently
+oztXYLXP7ko-00067-00017968-00018194 subscribing to only about a third of it
+oztXYLXP7ko-00068-00018195-00018468 is actually available electronically in
+oztXYLXP7ko-00069-00018469-00018780 any kind of digital format so that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00070-00018781-00018975 leaves you to conclude that two-thirds
+oztXYLXP7ko-00071-00018976-00019254 of it is still produced in paper based
+oztXYLXP7ko-00072-00019255-00019500 format and that's the only way that it
+oztXYLXP7ko-00073-00019501-00019772 can be accessed at the moment but it
+oztXYLXP7ko-00074-00019773-00019962 also gives a sense of the challenge that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00075-00019963-00020150 both we're facing and our sister
+oztXYLXP7ko-00076-00020151-00020525 organizations are facing in terms of the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00077-00020526-00020838 existing physical content that we have
+oztXYLXP7ko-00078-00020839-00021027 the physical maps the physical
+oztXYLXP7ko-00079-00021028-00021200 manuscript the physical books and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00080-00021201-00021447 journals and other forms of paper-based
+oztXYLXP7ko-00081-00021448-00021891 or physical material in that over sixty
+oztXYLXP7ko-00082-00021892-00022185 percent of it is has been published
+oztXYLXP7ko-00083-00022186-00022590 since 1920 so is covered by copyright so
+oztXYLXP7ko-00084-00022591-00022737 there are restrictions about how we can
+oztXYLXP7ko-00085-00022738-00022872 provide access to that whether we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00086-00022873-00023178 digitize it or not the rest of it some
+oztXYLXP7ko-00087-00023179-00023391 of it is unique material so although
+oztXYLXP7ko-00088-00023392-00023600 other institutions are digitizing other
+oztXYLXP7ko-00089-00023601-00023889 versions of Darwin's honored Origin of
+oztXYLXP7ko-00090-00023890-00024456 Species copies of nature we have what a
+oztXYLXP7ko-00091-00024457-00024872 two-thirds of the older material is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00092-00024873-00025317 unique to this institution the material
+oztXYLXP7ko-00093-00025318-00025488 that we've collected has been collected
+oztXYLXP7ko-00094-00025489-00025670 because of its primarily scientific
+oztXYLXP7ko-00095-00025672-00025980 content and much of it also complements
+oztXYLXP7ko-00096-00025981-00026270 what is held by the other specimen
+oztXYLXP7ko-00097-00026272-00026517 departments and is often used side by
+oztXYLXP7ko-00098-00026518-00026710 side and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00099-00026711-00027093 with those specimens often to support
+oztXYLXP7ko-00100-00027094-00027501 research but also to answer inquiries
+oztXYLXP7ko-00101-00027502-00027771 that material also complements what is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00102-00027772-00028002 held in other institutions and I'll come
+oztXYLXP7ko-00103-00028003-00028201 unto this in a little while but that's
+oztXYLXP7ko-00104-00028202-00028510 one of the reasons why we are working on
+oztXYLXP7ko-00105-00028511-00028882 our virtual library to enable access to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00106-00028883-00029089 this full range of material whatever
+oztXYLXP7ko-00107-00029089-00029367 format it's in so that people know what
+oztXYLXP7ko-00108-00029368-00029652 is available people now are relying on
+oztXYLXP7ko-00109-00029653-00029851 the Google search but Google does not
+oztXYLXP7ko-00110-00029852-00030045 pick up on everything it doesn't pick up
+oztXYLXP7ko-00111-00030046-00030174 a material that is not available
+oztXYLXP7ko-00112-00030175-00030376 digitally it lonely pick up on the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00113-00030377-00030673 metadata and what we're trying to do
+oztXYLXP7ko-00114-00030674-00030861 also through our digitization programs
+oztXYLXP7ko-00115-00030862-00030990 is not just sort of turn ourselves
+oztXYLXP7ko-00116-00030991-00031249 inside out as a librarian archives and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00117-00031250-00031573 expose that full range of material it's
+oztXYLXP7ko-00118-00031574-00031737 also about connecting it to the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00119-00031738-00031858 collections that are held by other
+oztXYLXP7ko-00120-00031858-00032655 institutions so what are we trying to do
+oztXYLXP7ko-00121-00032656-00032855 through the virtual library project well
+oztXYLXP7ko-00122-00032856-00033079 what we're particularly focusing on is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00123-00033080-00033468 that we're using systems both manual and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00124-00033469-00033817 technical systems that are now very out
+oztXYLXP7ko-00125-00033818-00034045 of date old-fashioned we're relying on
+oztXYLXP7ko-00126-00034046-00034215 technology that is approximately 20
+oztXYLXP7ko-00127-00034216-00034539 years old we are relying on our
+oztXYLXP7ko-00128-00034540-00034962 professional networks by supporting
+oztXYLXP7ko-00129-00034963-00035151 those networks contributing to those and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00130-00035152-00035289 also benefiting from what they're coming
+oztXYLXP7ko-00131-00035290-00035536 up with in terms of international
+oztXYLXP7ko-00132-00035537-00035857 standards for sharing data we contribute
+oztXYLXP7ko-00133-00035858-00036154 a lot of our catalog data to search
+oztXYLXP7ko-00134-00036155-00036445 resources that enable a researcher
+oztXYLXP7ko-00135-00036446-00036567 wherever they are in the world to get a
+oztXYLXP7ko-00136-00036568-00036748 sense of what's held in every library
+oztXYLXP7ko-00137-00036749-00037071 whether that content is physically
+oztXYLXP7ko-00138-00037072-00037440 available or digitally available and we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00139-00037441-00037665 need to continue doing that but the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00140-00037666-00037810 challenge we have at the moment with the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00141-00037811-00038043 setup that we have is that because it's
+oztXYLXP7ko-00142-00038044-00038208 so old fashioned it was designed at a
+oztXYLXP7ko-00143-00038209-00038352 time when there wasn't this digital
+oztXYLXP7ko-00144-00038353-00038680 arena and we now need to have systems
+oztXYLXP7ko-00145-00038681-00038883 and practices available that enable us
+oztXYLXP7ko-00146-00038884-00039237 to both deliver content and exploit
+oztXYLXP7ko-00147-00039238-00039480 content that is available electronically
+oztXYLXP7ko-00148-00039481-00039751 so now going to hand over to to James
+oztXYLXP7ko-00149-00039752-00039915 who's going to go into a little bit more
+oztXYLXP7ko-00150-00039916-00040044 detail about exactly what we're trying
+oztXYLXP7ko-00151-00040045-00040090 to achieve
+oztXYLXP7ko-00152-00040091-00040365 through that virtual library project
+oztXYLXP7ko-00153-00040366-00040620 okay so probably a good place to start
+oztXYLXP7ko-00154-00040621-00041062 is where we are now and that is multiple
+oztXYLXP7ko-00155-00041063-00041314 interfaces each has to be searched
+oztXYLXP7ko-00156-00041315-00041677 separately the library library
+oztXYLXP7ko-00157-00041678-00041839 collections and processes currently
+oztXYLXP7ko-00158-00041840-00042181 exist in unconnected silos and so do our
+oztXYLXP7ko-00159-00042182-00042430 workflows we've obviously tried to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00160-00042431-00042616 develop the best services we can around
+oztXYLXP7ko-00161-00042617-00042964 those but there's serious limitations
+oztXYLXP7ko-00162-00042965-00043132 with our systems when they don't link
+oztXYLXP7ko-00163-00043133-00043396 together and i'm sure you've probably
+oztXYLXP7ko-00164-00043397-00043564 had experiences some of the cumbersome
+oztXYLXP7ko-00165-00043565-00043807 and largely manual pros procedures we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00166-00043808-00043993 have for instance for requesting
+oztXYLXP7ko-00167-00043994-00044272 off-site material from our store or also
+oztXYLXP7ko-00168-00044273-00044470 the difficulty may found in finding
+oztXYLXP7ko-00169-00044471-00044812 things from other institutions and even
+oztXYLXP7ko-00170-00044813-00045016 more fundamentally than that the thing
+oztXYLXP7ko-00171-00045017-00045223 that you're looking for may be available
+oztXYLXP7ko-00172-00045224-00045484 in full-text either through one of our
+oztXYLXP7ko-00173-00045485-00045784 subscribe to formats or are open access
+oztXYLXP7ko-00174-00045785-00046012 but the search just doesn't make you
+oztXYLXP7ko-00175-00046013-00046354 aware of that at all um a number of
+oztXYLXP7ko-00176-00046355-00046549 workshops we've had in surveys that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00177-00046550-00046768 we've had to do with this project with
+oztXYLXP7ko-00178-00046769-00046957 our core nhm users have highlighted
+oztXYLXP7ko-00179-00046958-00047233 these problems but they've also fed
+oztXYLXP7ko-00180-00047234-00047398 directly into the requirements for this
+oztXYLXP7ko-00181-00047399-00047713 project and we are aware that some of
+oztXYLXP7ko-00182-00047714-00047938 our users are effectively abandoning the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00183-00047939-00048168 library and they're moving towards
+oztXYLXP7ko-00184-00048169-00048427 standard search systems more general
+oztXYLXP7ko-00185-00048428-00048643 search tools and it's understandable why
+oztXYLXP7ko-00186-00048644-00048910 a lot of you turn to Google Scholar are
+oztXYLXP7ko-00187-00048911-00049249 to go to search tool we undoubtedly want
+oztXYLXP7ko-00188-00049250-00049618 to capture some of that simplicity but
+oztXYLXP7ko-00189-00049619-00049783 we also think that what we can add to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00190-00049784-00050002 that is our unique collections and also
+oztXYLXP7ko-00191-00050003-00050260 the uniquely focused passions that we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00192-00050261-00050482 have so maybe we're not going to replace
+oztXYLXP7ko-00193-00050483-00050748 the google scholar but we could become
+oztXYLXP7ko-00194-00050749-00050944 complementary to it and a more viable
+oztXYLXP7ko-00195-00050945-00051538 alternative to it as well maybe if we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00196-00051539-00051775 just have a look at the Daisy that's
+oztXYLXP7ko-00197-00051776-00051940 where we want to get to a single search
+oztXYLXP7ko-00198-00051941-00052230 box obviously and maybe what we should
+oztXYLXP7ko-00199-00052232-00052447 have a look at there also are the roots
+oztXYLXP7ko-00200-00052448-00052627 because they're the bits that you
+oztXYLXP7ko-00201-00052628-00052771 shouldn't really be interested in there
+oztXYLXP7ko-00202-00052772-00053209 the processes the systems the procedures
+oztXYLXP7ko-00203-00053210-00053404 the collections the locations of us
+oztXYLXP7ko-00204-00053404-00053466 library
+oztXYLXP7ko-00205-00053467-00053641 have to deal with but you shouldn't
+oztXYLXP7ko-00206-00053641-00053788 really have to care about that all you
+oztXYLXP7ko-00207-00053789-00053988 want you want to get it and you want to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00208-00053989-00054187 get it as quickly as possible and we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00209-00054188-00054441 understand that um the aim of the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00210-00054442-00054673 virtual library project is to is to make
+oztXYLXP7ko-00211-00054674-00054867 these library collections discoverable
+oztXYLXP7ko-00212-00054869-00055096 within a single interface so we're going
+oztXYLXP7ko-00213-00055097-00055279 to try and pull all these systems
+oztXYLXP7ko-00214-00055279-00055546 together into one discovery search and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00215-00055547-00055794 um we want to re increase the visibility
+oztXYLXP7ko-00216-00055795-00056047 of our digitized resources we want to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00217-00056048-00056212 reveal the collective the connections
+oztXYLXP7ko-00218-00056213-00056434 between our collections we also want to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00219-00056435-00056616 provide a system that can manage the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00220-00056617-00056848 digital space because that one percent
+oztXYLXP7ko-00221-00056849-00057082 sliver of the pie you saw earlier on is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00222-00057083-00057207 going to grow and it's going to go
+oztXYLXP7ko-00223-00057208-00057499 rapidly and also as digitization kitchen
+oztXYLXP7ko-00224-00057500-00057661 it accelerates we need to be able to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00225-00057662-00057874 manage those collections so we're
+oztXYLXP7ko-00226-00057875-00058123 currently out tender for a discovery
+oztXYLXP7ko-00227-00058124-00058376 system and a library management system
+oztXYLXP7ko-00228-00058377-00058723 we've shortlisted six they also include
+oztXYLXP7ko-00229-00058724-00059091 open source systems as well I've
+oztXYLXP7ko-00230-00059092-00059248 described a bit about discovery system
+oztXYLXP7ko-00231-00059249-00059376 that the library management system
+oztXYLXP7ko-00232-00059377-00059604 that's really the back end if you like
+oztXYLXP7ko-00233-00059605-00059817 so that's going to kind of hopefully
+oztXYLXP7ko-00234-00059819-00059989 remove some of those roots of the Daisy
+oztXYLXP7ko-00235-00059990-00060103 that you're not going to be interested
+oztXYLXP7ko-00236-00060104-00060385 in but what that will allow us to do is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00237-00060386-00060673 free apart I'm to provide more services
+oztXYLXP7ko-00238-00060674-00060910 and provide some more research support
+oztXYLXP7ko-00239-00060911-00061186 for you and it's also going to allow
+oztXYLXP7ko-00240-00061187-00061357 things like better indexing of our
+oztXYLXP7ko-00241-00061358-00061579 existing database which is going to give
+oztXYLXP7ko-00242-00061579-00061744 us that sort of buzzy searching that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00243-00061745-00061951 some of you have asked us for more like
+oztXYLXP7ko-00244-00061952-00062350 a Google Experience we know you want the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00245-00062351-00062686 tender review happens in September and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00246-00062687-00062901 colleagues from outside you will be
+oztXYLXP7ko-00247-00062902-00063646 invited along as well yeah and just to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00248-00063647-00063847 skip through a couple of things then a
+oztXYLXP7ko-00249-00063848-00063988 couple of things that we wanted to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00250-00063989-00064269 mention is that two examples of the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00251-00064270-00064513 resources that we want to connect and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00252-00064514-00064791 currently cannot do so effectively one
+oztXYLXP7ko-00253-00064792-00065278 is the museum's repository now this is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00254-00065279-00065494 an article repository it's kind of live
+oztXYLXP7ko-00255-00065495-00065656 at the moment it needs a bit more work
+oztXYLXP7ko-00256-00065657-00065919 but this is one way that we think we can
+oztXYLXP7ko-00257-00065920-00066478 expose the research outputs here that so
+oztXYLXP7ko-00258-00066479-00066601 the pre publications or the actual
+oztXYLXP7ko-00259-00066602-00066844 publications that have been produced by
+oztXYLXP7ko-00260-00066845-00067072 by all of you and make those available
+oztXYLXP7ko-00261-00067073-00067257 both internally but critically
+oztXYLXP7ko-00262-00067258-00067480 externally and it's also something that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00263-00067481-00067693 links to open source publication
+oztXYLXP7ko-00264-00067694-00067960 resources like biomed central the other
+oztXYLXP7ko-00265-00067961-00068077 thing that I quickly wanted to mention
+oztXYLXP7ko-00266-00068078-00068308 as well was our involvement in the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00267-00068309-00068488 biodiversity heritage library and this
+oztXYLXP7ko-00268-00068489-00068683 another is another key resource that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00269-00068684-00068878 through that discovery platform we are
+oztXYLXP7ko-00270-00068879-00069106 hoping to implement we will be able to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00271-00069107-00069328 reconnect the content that we're pushing
+oztXYLXP7ko-00272-00069329-00069745 out through that bye-bye verdict on
+oztXYLXP7ko-00273-00069746-00070074 select vhl and just a bit of a plug here
+oztXYLXP7ko-00274-00070075-00070261 already we've talked about the digital
+oztXYLXP7ko-00275-00070262-00070495 nhm well already the library has
+oztXYLXP7ko-00276-00070496-00070890 approximately 3 million images out there
+oztXYLXP7ko-00277-00070891-00071206 be a challenge out all has produced
+oztXYLXP7ko-00278-00071207-00071539 about 41 million digitized pages but
+oztXYLXP7ko-00279-00071540-00071779 that's our contribution at the moment is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00280-00071780-00072055 about three million of those it's it's a
+oztXYLXP7ko-00281-00072056-00072355 tiny slice of the global pie is about
+oztXYLXP7ko-00282-00072356-00072595 seven percent of the biodiversity
+oztXYLXP7ko-00283-00072596-00072886 literature that we think is available to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00284-00072887-00073204 be digitized but it is linked to the oil
+oztXYLXP7ko-00285-00073205-00073438 pages it's linked to jeebus we've got
+oztXYLXP7ko-00286-00073439-00073711 connections with Europe iana so it's one
+oztXYLXP7ko-00287-00073712-00073924 way that we have of pushing or content
+oztXYLXP7ko-00288-00073925-00074209 out to be used widely by a wider
+oztXYLXP7ko-00289-00074210-00074467 community it is used by science users
+oztXYLXP7ko-00290-00074468-00074701 and we've got examples in house where it
+oztXYLXP7ko-00291-00074702-00074974 using this as a primary source but also
+oztXYLXP7ko-00292-00074975-00075202 we've done some google analytics on the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00293-00075203-00075529 website there and just of the nhm
+oztXYLXP7ko-00294-00075530-00075811 content in that three million pages we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00295-00075812-00076039 get approximately or an average of about
+oztXYLXP7ko-00296-00076040-00076357 70 70 hundred thousand that's my way
+oztXYLXP7ko-00297-00076358-00076765 seventy thousand hits and downloads per
+oztXYLXP7ko-00298-00076766-00077005 month just on that three million pages
+oztXYLXP7ko-00299-00077006-00077320 which is not quite six thousand titles
+oztXYLXP7ko-00300-00077321-00077602 so you can it's a good illustration I
+oztXYLXP7ko-00301-00077603-00077821 think of by turning ourselves inside out
+oztXYLXP7ko-00302-00077822-00078049 how much more we can expose our content
+oztXYLXP7ko-00303-00078050-00078262 and again just very quickly to move on
+oztXYLXP7ko-00304-00078263-00078535 this is an example of one of the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00305-00078536-00078721 scientists whose basic words whole and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00306-00078722-00078949 some of you may know him who is actually
+oztXYLXP7ko-00307-00078950-00079204 working on the content him in vhl so
+oztXYLXP7ko-00308-00079205-00079339 we're not just pushing out images and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00309-00079340-00079456 hoping that somebody does something with
+oztXYLXP7ko-00310-00079457-00079705 it people are actually working on that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00311-00079706-00080097 and what he's doing is
+oztXYLXP7ko-00312-00080098-00080288 basically extracting the taxonomic terms
+oztXYLXP7ko-00313-00080289-00080478 and getting a sense of how those
+oztXYLXP7ko-00314-00080479-00080649 taxonomic terms have changed over time
+oztXYLXP7ko-00315-00080650-00080859 so basically what are the most popular
+oztXYLXP7ko-00316-00080860-00080987 descriptions in this instance of the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00317-00080988-00081222 guinea pig or it might be of the blue
+oztXYLXP7ko-00318-00081223-00081575 fish so what I'm trying to say is that
+oztXYLXP7ko-00319-00081576-00081825 we're pushing out content and it has it
+oztXYLXP7ko-00320-00081826-00082266 is actively being curated by the bhl if
+oztXYLXP7ko-00321-00082267-00082449 you like worker bee so that's NH and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00322-00082450-00082598 staff and other colleagues in the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00323-00082599-00082815 multiple institutions that are involved
+oztXYLXP7ko-00324-00082816-00083235 in what is in effect a global faculty
+oztXYLXP7ko-00325-00083236-00083805 library for biodiversity so moving on to
+oztXYLXP7ko-00326-00083806-00084036 summarize what we're trying to achieve
+oztXYLXP7ko-00327-00084037-00084435 in terms of our virtual library um so we
+oztXYLXP7ko-00328-00084436-00084680 are aware of the importance of having
+oztXYLXP7ko-00329-00084681-00085068 open and interoperable systems to enable
+oztXYLXP7ko-00330-00085069-00085238 connections to be made between our
+oztXYLXP7ko-00331-00085239-00085481 collections and data and collections
+oztXYLXP7ko-00332-00085482-00085712 both inside the nhm and outside as well
+oztXYLXP7ko-00333-00085713-00085965 so our chosen systems will have open
+oztXYLXP7ko-00334-00085966-00086243 api's and the web services which will
+oztXYLXP7ko-00335-00086244-00086543 allow us to reuse our metadata make it
+oztXYLXP7ko-00336-00086544-00086855 available to other systems as well and
+oztXYLXP7ko-00337-00086856-00087050 nothing says in it that metadata better
+oztXYLXP7ko-00338-00087051-00087465 than that I guess so we understand the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00339-00087466-00087737 importance of having a wee we haven't of
+oztXYLXP7ko-00340-00087738-00087903 course availability and quality of the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00341-00087904-00088100 metadata is vital to this all to work
+oztXYLXP7ko-00342-00088101-00088355 well the library and archives are
+oztXYLXP7ko-00343-00088356-00088544 already meeting minimum international
+oztXYLXP7ko-00344-00088545-00088923 standards and we're already exposing our
+oztXYLXP7ko-00345-00088924-00089162 collections more widely obviously we can
+oztXYLXP7ko-00346-00089163-00089537 do that better so exciting that if we go
+oztXYLXP7ko-00347-00089538-00089910 live in the summer of next year with all
+oztXYLXP7ko-00348-00089911-00090153 this and if you want to know any more
+oztXYLXP7ko-00349-00090154-00090471 you can contact me you can have a look
+oztXYLXP7ko-00350-00090472-00090621 at our project wiki if you're really
+oztXYLXP7ko-00351-00090622-00090938 interested find out a bit more about the
+oztXYLXP7ko-00352-00090939-00091068 supplies that we're currently looking
+oztXYLXP7ko-00353-00091069-00091355 into an orsova project documentation
+oztXYLXP7ko-00354-00091356-00091700 there's also links to a website DHS okay
+oztXYLXP7ko-00355-00091701-00092139 thank you very much
+oztXYLXP7ko-00356-00092140-00092346 you
+o-Lm6BipUYo-00000-00000037-00000179 [Music]
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+o_GqIKjywt4-00000-00001032-00001239 excellent excellent okay you had a
+o_GqIKjywt4-00001-00001240-00001358 chance to look at the questions i
+o_GqIKjywt4-00002-00001359-00001663 emailed over i did i did i was trying to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00003-00001664-00001830 answer them as best as possible and i
+o_GqIKjywt4-00004-00001832-00001973 wrote myself some notes
+o_GqIKjywt4-00005-00001973-00002167 [Laughter]
+o_GqIKjywt4-00006-00002168-00002326 excellent you truly belong
+o_GqIKjywt4-00007-00002327-00002471 you truly belong on a school board you
+o_GqIKjywt4-00008-00002472-00002671 take notes
+o_GqIKjywt4-00009-00002672-00002975 okay so let's if it's okay we'll begin
+o_GqIKjywt4-00010-00002976-00003134 to what extent do you think the fringe
+o_GqIKjywt4-00011-00003135-00003431 movement uh against school boards is
+o_GqIKjywt4-00012-00003432-00003606 dangerous to public education please
+o_GqIKjywt4-00013-00003607-00003799 give at least two reasons
+o_GqIKjywt4-00014-00003800-00004103 yeah i think that this fringe movement
+o_GqIKjywt4-00015-00004104-00004286 is dangerous for a number of reasons but
+o_GqIKjywt4-00016-00004287-00004527 if we're going with two i think it's the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00017-00004528-00004783 erasure of our marginalized students and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00018-00004784-00004911 their needs
+o_GqIKjywt4-00019-00004912-00005222 we hear this echoing that all students
+o_GqIKjywt4-00020-00005223-00005438 matter but when we go through and we
+o_GqIKjywt4-00021-00005439-00005847 review data like our azm2 data with
+o_GqIKjywt4-00022-00005848-00006143 language arts and math scores
+o_GqIKjywt4-00023-00006144-00006359 we know that there are significant
+o_GqIKjywt4-00024-00006360-00006534 disparities in our district and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00025-00006536-00006806 statewide between white and asian
+o_GqIKjywt4-00026-00006808-00007119 students and then our latinx
+o_GqIKjywt4-00027-00007120-00007375 indigenous pacific islander black
+o_GqIKjywt4-00028-00007376-00007646 students who are coming in at the very
+o_GqIKjywt4-00029-00007647-00007742 bottom
+o_GqIKjywt4-00030-00007743-00007998 and so when we try to have conversations
+o_GqIKjywt4-00031-00008000-00008239 about okay but why are these students
+o_GqIKjywt4-00032-00008240-00008503 falling so far behind that gets
+o_GqIKjywt4-00033-00008504-00008863 disrupted by this movement and then
+o_GqIKjywt4-00034-00008864-00009071 you're called the real racist because
+o_GqIKjywt4-00035-00009072-00009295 you're focusing on
+o_GqIKjywt4-00036-00009296-00009503 marginalized historically marginalized
+o_GqIKjywt4-00037-00009504-00009687 students but it's really about just
+o_GqIKjywt4-00038-00009688-00009831 trying to figure out like why these
+o_GqIKjywt4-00039-00009832-00009991 students are falling so far behind and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00040-00009992-00010199 why they're slipping through the cracks
+o_GqIKjywt4-00041-00010200-00010399 um so it disrupts a lot of those
+o_GqIKjywt4-00042-00010400-00010599 conversations so that we can't help
+o_GqIKjywt4-00043-00010600-00010742 those students
+o_GqIKjywt4-00044-00010743-00011078 um another thing that i'm noticing is
+o_GqIKjywt4-00045-00011079-00011335 the attack on social emotional learning
+o_GqIKjywt4-00046-00011336-00011599 right when i was elected into the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00047-00011600-00011863 district on the year prior
+o_GqIKjywt4-00048-00011864-00012135 we had a number of teen suicides i think
+o_GqIKjywt4-00049-00012136-00012423 it was something like ridiculous like 30
+o_GqIKjywt4-00050-00012424-00012719 within that year and as a result of that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00051-00012720-00013022 we saw a lot of bills being proposed for
+o_GqIKjywt4-00052-00013023-00013207 suicide prevention
+o_GqIKjywt4-00053-00013208-00013471 um increases in social workers and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00054-00013472-00013751 counselors social emotional learning but
+o_GqIKjywt4-00055-00013752-00013999 we're seeing these groups show up
+o_GqIKjywt4-00056-00014000-00014183 and they don't want us doing suicide
+o_GqIKjywt4-00057-00014184-00014351 assessments because they believe
+o_GqIKjywt4-00058-00014352-00014494 erroneously so
+o_GqIKjywt4-00059-00014495-00014766 that talking about suicide causes
+o_GqIKjywt4-00060-00014768-00015015 suicide um they don't want us doing
+o_GqIKjywt4-00061-00015016-00015222 social emotional learning because they
+o_GqIKjywt4-00062-00015223-00015519 believe that's liberal indoctrination
+o_GqIKjywt4-00063-00015519-00015919 and i am afraid that these groups as
+o_GqIKjywt4-00064-00015919-00016175 we've seen like we've seen districts
+o_GqIKjywt4-00065-00016176-00016383 roll back things in our ledge create
+o_GqIKjywt4-00066-00016384-00016750 laws to support these groups and our
+o_GqIKjywt4-00067-00016751-00016943 students are going to get lost in this
+o_GqIKjywt4-00068-00016944-00017158 and our students really need this help
+o_GqIKjywt4-00069-00017159-00017367 especially after colgate
+o_GqIKjywt4-00070-00017368-00017583 i understood you you had mentioned that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00071-00017584-00017743 there's more than two reasons if you
+o_GqIKjywt4-00072-00017744-00018047 like to add anything else please do
+o_GqIKjywt4-00073-00018048-00018271 well i i think too like
+o_GqIKjywt4-00074-00018272-00018519 if i could say like um i noticed this in
+o_GqIKjywt4-00075-00018520-00018719 our district and and districts across
+o_GqIKjywt4-00076-00018720-00018927 the state we had several bonds and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00077-00018928-00019230 override elections uh that took place
+o_GqIKjywt4-00078-00019231-00019383 this year right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00079-00019384-00019479 and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00080-00019480-00019743 we've seen these groups go around to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00081-00019744-00019903 different school board meetings to try
+o_GqIKjywt4-00082-00019904-00020230 to take these um elections right because
+o_GqIKjywt4-00083-00020231-00020414 they don't feel like schools need any
+o_GqIKjywt4-00084-00020415-00020622 more money right but they're giving
+o_GqIKjywt4-00085-00020623-00020839 these messages in terms of like we
+o_GqIKjywt4-00086-00020840-00021143 support teachers right but you know if
+o_GqIKjywt4-00087-00021144-00021430 these like policies and these measures
+o_GqIKjywt4-00088-00021431-00021678 don't pass right that means that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00089-00021679-00021863 districts are faced with the difficult
+o_GqIKjywt4-00090-00021864-00022222 decision of cutting further from public
+o_GqIKjywt4-00091-00022223-00022399 education and unfortunately cutting
+o_GqIKjywt4-00092-00022400-00022678 teachers in the midst of a teacher
+o_GqIKjywt4-00093-00022679-00022894 shortage right which is being referred
+o_GqIKjywt4-00094-00022895-00023167 to as a teacher crisis right and so
+o_GqIKjywt4-00095-00023168-00023350 these groups are trying to do everything
+o_GqIKjywt4-00096-00023351-00023567 humanly possible to strip money from
+o_GqIKjywt4-00097-00023568-00023750 public education
+o_GqIKjywt4-00098-00023751-00024175 um even down to the support of
+o_GqIKjywt4-00099-00024176-00024375 schools losing money for following
+o_GqIKjywt4-00100-00024376-00024547 following cdc guidelines and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00101-00024548-00024767 recommendations right to keep all
+o_GqIKjywt4-00102-00024768-00024919 students safe
+o_GqIKjywt4-00103-00024920-00025175 um and so this is creating a dangerous
+o_GqIKjywt4-00104-00025176-00025391 situation where talking to parents on
+o_GqIKjywt4-00105-00025392-00025567 the other side they're having to make
+o_GqIKjywt4-00106-00025568-00025774 some difficult decisions and potentially
+o_GqIKjywt4-00107-00025775-00026055 pulling their children and homeschooling
+o_GqIKjywt4-00108-00026056-00026255 in certain cases which means we lose
+o_GqIKjywt4-00109-00026256-00026446 more students from public education and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00110-00026447-00026646 more public education dollars
+o_GqIKjywt4-00111-00026647-00026814 to what extent have the other chandler
+o_GqIKjywt4-00112-00026816-00026999 school board members receive the same
+o_GqIKjywt4-00113-00027000-00027183 harassment type treatment as you have
+o_GqIKjywt4-00114-00027183-00027367 please explain
+o_GqIKjywt4-00115-00027368-00027543 um i don't know that it's necessarily
+o_GqIKjywt4-00116-00027544-00027783 the same you know that um unfortunately
+o_GqIKjywt4-00117-00027783-00028070 like during our first bird meeting where
+o_GqIKjywt4-00118-00028072-00028351 our members joel worth and jason olive
+o_GqIKjywt4-00119-00028352-00028679 were sworn in that was a youtube meeting
+o_GqIKjywt4-00120-00028680-00028870 where they allowed comments we didn't
+o_GqIKjywt4-00121-00028872-00029127 have an audience during that meeting
+o_GqIKjywt4-00122-00029127-00029487 and um unfortunately somebody posted
+o_GqIKjywt4-00123-00029488-00029687 jewel worth's address
+o_GqIKjywt4-00124-00029688-00029927 online right which that's happened to me
+o_GqIKjywt4-00125-00029927-00030231 as well on on twitter um but they posted
+o_GqIKjywt4-00126-00030232-00030462 his address which is you know definitely
+o_GqIKjywt4-00127-00030463-00030679 threatening and scary for him and his
+o_GqIKjywt4-00128-00030680-00030790 family
+o_GqIKjywt4-00129-00030791-00031102 um barb mazda has referenced that prior
+o_GqIKjywt4-00130-00031103-00031199 to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00131-00031200-00031495 this year she's received like harassment
+o_GqIKjywt4-00132-00031495-00031662 and maybe some lightweight like death
+o_GqIKjywt4-00133-00031663-00031974 threats um she hasn't spoken
+o_GqIKjywt4-00134-00031975-00032246 too in depth about that um but it's kind
+o_GqIKjywt4-00135-00032247-00032511 of the nature of doing this work i would
+o_GqIKjywt4-00136-00032512-00032623 say that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00137-00032624-00032911 it's more aggressive towards me like
+o_GqIKjywt4-00138-00032912-00033071 even when i'm not doing anything or
+o_GqIKjywt4-00139-00033072-00033207 saying anything
+o_GqIKjywt4-00140-00033208-00033446 um you know i have people who are asking
+o_GqIKjywt4-00141-00033447-00033623 me to step down or
+o_GqIKjywt4-00142-00033624-00033871 remove myself recuse myself from votes
+o_GqIKjywt4-00143-00033872-00034111 on sex ed because my sister sits on
+o_GqIKjywt4-00144-00034112-00034287 planned parenthood advocacy arizona
+o_GqIKjywt4-00145-00034288-00034407 board which has nothing to do with
+o_GqIKjywt4-00146-00034408-00034679 chandler and has nothing to do with
+o_GqIKjywt4-00147-00034680-00034823 anything that we do
+o_GqIKjywt4-00148-00034824-00035118 um you know i have people who attack my
+o_GqIKjywt4-00149-00035119-00035439 family have created dossiers about me
+o_GqIKjywt4-00150-00035440-00035623 and my family and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00151-00035624-00035879 other district students and staff as
+o_GqIKjywt4-00152-00035880-00035974 well
+o_GqIKjywt4-00153-00035975-00036127 so there's definitely more targeting
+o_GqIKjywt4-00154-00036128-00036287 towards myself
+o_GqIKjywt4-00155-00036288-00036590 and we also have our director of equity
+o_GqIKjywt4-00156-00036591-00036895 diversity and inclusion dr adama salu
+o_GqIKjywt4-00157-00036896-00037087 and she's received a number of targeted
+o_GqIKjywt4-00158-00037088-00037374 harassment and and threats to her and it
+o_GqIKjywt4-00159-00037375-00037615 seems to be targeted and levied heavier
+o_GqIKjywt4-00160-00037616-00037774 at black women
+o_GqIKjywt4-00161-00037775-00037959 okay i'm
+o_GqIKjywt4-00162-00037960-00038190 i'm sorry
+o_GqIKjywt4-00163-00038191-00038374 okay anything anything else you'd like
+o_GqIKjywt4-00164-00038375-00038511 to add to number two before we go on to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00165-00038512-00038718 number three
+o_GqIKjywt4-00166-00038719-00039015 yeah i think that a lot of this is
+o_GqIKjywt4-00167-00039016-00039246 intentional to just kind of drown out my
+o_GqIKjywt4-00168-00039247-00039559 voice which if you think about it i am
+o_GqIKjywt4-00169-00039560-00039846 the only person of color only black
+o_GqIKjywt4-00170-00039847-00040102 woman on our school board right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00171-00040103-00040318 and our district is not predominantly
+o_GqIKjywt4-00172-00040319-00040443 white anymore our district is
+o_GqIKjywt4-00173-00040444-00040790 predominantly like hispanic um black
+o_GqIKjywt4-00174-00040791-00041087 right now um mostly um hispanic latinae
+o_GqIKjywt4-00175-00041088-00041374 right and so if this is happening to me
+o_GqIKjywt4-00176-00041375-00041623 on a public level where talking about
+o_GqIKjywt4-00177-00041624-00041807 like the needs of our most marginalized
+o_GqIKjywt4-00178-00041808-00041935 students
+o_GqIKjywt4-00179-00041936-00042207 is a problem and i'm being silenced and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00180-00042208-00042462 targeted imagining like you know what it
+o_GqIKjywt4-00181-00042463-00042774 is like to be a student of color in our
+o_GqIKjywt4-00182-00042775-00042927 district as well
+o_GqIKjywt4-00183-00042928-00043046 right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00184-00043047-00043262 and totally i totally get that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00185-00043263-00043471 number three what is your response to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00186-00043472-00043646 these families who unprofessionally
+o_GqIKjywt4-00187-00043647-00043751 protest
+o_GqIKjywt4-00188-00043752-00044046 equity programs or critical race theory
+o_GqIKjywt4-00189-00044047-00044167 if if that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00190-00044168-00044502 actually exists or covet 19 mitigation
+o_GqIKjywt4-00191-00044503-00044718 measures please explain
+o_GqIKjywt4-00192-00044719-00044927 i don't know that it's important for me
+o_GqIKjywt4-00193-00044928-00045118 to respond to these families anymore i
+o_GqIKjywt4-00194-00045119-00045430 think that the community has to start
+o_GqIKjywt4-00195-00045431-00045599 responding to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00196-00045600-00045783 these groups right because these groups
+o_GqIKjywt4-00197-00045784-00045902 are coming in and saying that they're
+o_GqIKjywt4-00198-00045903-00046079 speaking on behalf of
+o_GqIKjywt4-00199-00046080-00046335 all families and that's not the case
+o_GqIKjywt4-00200-00046336-00046567 like i get my inbox flooded with
+o_GqIKjywt4-00201-00046568-00046702 families who are like no we don't
+o_GqIKjywt4-00202-00046703-00046871 support this like we need to do
+o_GqIKjywt4-00203-00046872-00046990 something
+o_GqIKjywt4-00204-00046991-00047102 but
+o_GqIKjywt4-00205-00047103-00047407 i am from a marginalized group and in
+o_GqIKjywt4-00206-00047408-00047718 the minority on my board right and so my
+o_GqIKjywt4-00207-00047719-00047951 one voice isn't gonna make as much of an
+o_GqIKjywt4-00208-00047952-00048271 impact at community coming in and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00209-00048272-00048423 challenging some of the things that are
+o_GqIKjywt4-00210-00048424-00048639 going on in our meeting right like we
+o_GqIKjywt4-00211-00048640-00048927 have these groups who are getting up and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00212-00048928-00049174 they are saying pretty bigoted
+o_GqIKjywt4-00213-00049175-00049511 statements about lgbtq groups about our
+o_GqIKjywt4-00214-00049512-00049799 jewish families and jewish communities
+o_GqIKjywt4-00215-00049800-00049951 um you know
+o_GqIKjywt4-00216-00049952-00050071 about
+o_GqIKjywt4-00217-00050072-00050246 a bunch of different groups that you
+o_GqIKjywt4-00218-00050247-00050486 know we see with kind of like these
+o_GqIKjywt4-00219-00050487-00050807 very bigoted micro and macro aggressions
+o_GqIKjywt4-00220-00050808-00050886 right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00221-00050887-00051095 uh but nobody's there to challenge them
+o_GqIKjywt4-00222-00051096-00051270 and the board is not in the position
+o_GqIKjywt4-00223-00051271-00051494 necessarily to challenge public comments
+o_GqIKjywt4-00224-00051495-00051742 because of how those laws work
+o_GqIKjywt4-00225-00051744-00051999 we need community members to show up and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00226-00052000-00052207 and strongly challenge these things and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00227-00052208-00052302 say hey
+o_GqIKjywt4-00228-00052303-00052582 you don't represent us we're okay with
+o_GqIKjywt4-00229-00052583-00052766 equity and inclusion we know that this
+o_GqIKjywt4-00230-00052767-00052966 district is not teaching critical race
+o_GqIKjywt4-00231-00052967-00053199 theory and if they were
+o_GqIKjywt4-00232-00053200-00053423 so uh it's not a threatening theory
+o_GqIKjywt4-00233-00053424-00053654 right um we need those groups to kind of
+o_GqIKjywt4-00234-00053655-00053871 step up and challenge that more people
+o_GqIKjywt4-00235-00053872-00054071 need to show up and i think that action
+o_GqIKjywt4-00236-00054072-00054287 needs to take place outside of emailing
+o_GqIKjywt4-00237-00054288-00054542 the board okay very good
+o_GqIKjywt4-00238-00054544-00054750 number four what is your opinion of the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00239-00054751-00054959 maricopa county democratic drive under
+o_GqIKjywt4-00240-00054960-00055191 an alexia galloway to recruit diverse
+o_GqIKjywt4-00241-00055191-00055359 candidates to run for school boards in
+o_GqIKjywt4-00242-00055360-00055623 the next election cycles please explain
+o_GqIKjywt4-00243-00055624-00055926 i own alexia and i think that nalexia is
+o_GqIKjywt4-00244-00055927-00056103 a wonderful leader and i respect her as
+o_GqIKjywt4-00245-00056104-00056335 a black woman in leadership and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00246-00056336-00056454 everything that she's trying to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00247-00056455-00056679 accomplish with mcdp
+o_GqIKjywt4-00248-00056679-00056959 i don't know a lot about the school
+o_GqIKjywt4-00249-00056960-00057135 board recruitment training i've heard a
+o_GqIKjywt4-00250-00057136-00057366 little bit about it i can't wait to hear
+o_GqIKjywt4-00251-00057367-00057479 more
+o_GqIKjywt4-00252-00057479-00057735 i think that that is important to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00253-00057736-00057935 recruit people from
+o_GqIKjywt4-00254-00057936-00058215 marginalized or underserved communities
+o_GqIKjywt4-00255-00058216-00058463 to run for these offices and and train
+o_GqIKjywt4-00256-00058464-00058694 them because hey like we need to give
+o_GqIKjywt4-00257-00058695-00058887 community members who don't have access
+o_GqIKjywt4-00258-00058888-00059142 the ability to run for office and the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00259-00059144-00059479 resources i think that is a wonderful
+o_GqIKjywt4-00260-00059479-00059591 endeavor
+o_GqIKjywt4-00261-00059591-00059847 um i think on the other side i think
+o_GqIKjywt4-00262-00059848-00060063 that alexi and i've had conversations
+o_GqIKjywt4-00263-00060064-00060335 about this as well as you know it's not
+o_GqIKjywt4-00264-00060336-00060463 just about
+o_GqIKjywt4-00265-00060464-00060679 recruiting and running right but what do
+o_GqIKjywt4-00266-00060679-00060911 we do to support these members in their
+o_GqIKjywt4-00267-00060912-00061175 roles once they get elected too and so i
+o_GqIKjywt4-00268-00061176-00061479 think that she very much understands
+o_GqIKjywt4-00269-00061479-00061750 that um and i can't wait to see what
+o_GqIKjywt4-00270-00061751-00062054 this program offers um i would say that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00271-00062055-00062166 i
+o_GqIKjywt4-00272-00062167-00062438 am a little bit more concerned about the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00273-00062439-00062615 arizona coalition of school board
+o_GqIKjywt4-00274-00062616-00062863 members which is kind of like the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00275-00062864-00063079 republican counter although they are
+o_GqIKjywt4-00276-00063079-00063319 claiming that they're nonpartisan but
+o_GqIKjywt4-00277-00063320-00063582 they have a full republican board they
+o_GqIKjywt4-00278-00063583-00063791 are spinning some of these anti-equity
+o_GqIKjywt4-00279-00063791-00064159 and anti-crt messages like one of our
+o_GqIKjywt4-00280-00064160-00064366 former board members in chandler was
+o_GqIKjywt4-00281-00064367-00064663 asked to speak but was kind of thrown
+o_GqIKjywt4-00282-00064664-00064919 out of their program
+o_GqIKjywt4-00283-00064920-00065238 um just because he was initially on the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00284-00065239-00065438 board when they signed our equity and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00285-00065439-00065655 inclusion initiative right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00286-00065656-00066006 um and so that is where my concern is in
+o_GqIKjywt4-00287-00066007-00066167 terms of like
+o_GqIKjywt4-00288-00066168-00066350 are we making this about partisan
+o_GqIKjywt4-00289-00066351-00066655 politics which we know that schools are
+o_GqIKjywt4-00290-00066656-00067038 political um we fully admit that now
+o_GqIKjywt4-00291-00067039-00067175 but
+o_GqIKjywt4-00292-00067176-00067350 this seems to be a bit more of a
+o_GqIKjywt4-00293-00067351-00067543 dangerous endeavor
+o_GqIKjywt4-00294-00067544-00067671 where
+o_GqIKjywt4-00295-00067672-00067982 we have this group who is catering to a
+o_GqIKjywt4-00296-00067983-00068263 lot of these fringe ideas and it's not
+o_GqIKjywt4-00297-00068264-00068447 about our students it's about
+o_GqIKjywt4-00298-00068448-00068855 the 2022 and 2024 election number five
+o_GqIKjywt4-00299-00068856-00069023 do you feel despite the rants of the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00300-00069024-00069199 fringe right that you're making a
+o_GqIKjywt4-00301-00069200-00069391 positive difference for children
+o_GqIKjywt4-00302-00069392-00069543 teachers and parents as a member of the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00303-00069544-00069703 chandler unified school board please
+o_GqIKjywt4-00304-00069704-00069847 explain
+o_GqIKjywt4-00305-00069848-00070150 um i have to go back and forth about
+o_GqIKjywt4-00306-00070151-00070287 this because people have asked me this
+o_GqIKjywt4-00307-00070288-00070471 question before
+o_GqIKjywt4-00308-00070472-00070638 and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00309-00070639-00070823 i've come to the realization after
+o_GqIKjywt4-00310-00070824-00070967 talking to you
+o_GqIKjywt4-00311-00070968-00071311 community members well i don't feel that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00312-00071312-00071511 me sitting on the board has an impact it
+o_GqIKjywt4-00313-00071512-00071703 does have an impact for other people me
+o_GqIKjywt4-00314-00071704-00071782 just
+o_GqIKjywt4-00315-00071783-00072079 showing up and and speaking to their
+o_GqIKjywt4-00316-00072080-00072215 concerns right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00317-00072216-00072599 um or even voting so that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00318-00072600-00072815 chandler high school has an
+o_GqIKjywt4-00319-00072816-00072999 african-american studies in a chicano
+o_GqIKjywt4-00320-00073000-00073199 studies history class right that was
+o_GqIKjywt4-00321-00073200-00073447 something i was really proud of and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00322-00073448-00073623 talked with the teachers who were
+o_GqIKjywt4-00323-00073624-00073831 spearheading that and i was really
+o_GqIKjywt4-00324-00073832-00074135 excited and families are really excited
+o_GqIKjywt4-00325-00074136-00074326 to have those history classes
+o_GqIKjywt4-00326-00074327-00074511 incorporated right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00327-00074512-00074831 or even showing up to um council member
+o_GqIKjywt4-00328-00074832-00075215 od harris in chandler he hosted a teen
+o_GqIKjywt4-00329-00075216-00075359 suicide
+o_GqIKjywt4-00330-00075360-00075462 event
+o_GqIKjywt4-00331-00075463-00075638 and invited some of our black student
+o_GqIKjywt4-00332-00075639-00075831 unions and invited me to speak in
+o_GqIKjywt4-00333-00075832-00076047 several other dignitaries
+o_GqIKjywt4-00334-00076048-00076271 um those are the moments that i think
+o_GqIKjywt4-00335-00076272-00076447 you know make the most impact and just
+o_GqIKjywt4-00336-00076448-00076671 kind of like seeing me upon the diocese
+o_GqIKjywt4-00337-00076672-00076991 or see me coming out and representing as
+o_GqIKjywt4-00338-00076992-00077335 a part of the board however you know it
+o_GqIKjywt4-00339-00077336-00077638 has been discouraging being the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00340-00077639-00077887 only voice that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00341-00077888-00078103 constantly gets outvoted when i talk
+o_GqIKjywt4-00342-00078104-00078375 about the concerns of our marginalized
+o_GqIKjywt4-00343-00078376-00078679 communities and having board members say
+o_GqIKjywt4-00344-00078680-00078815 well we haven't heard that so it must
+o_GqIKjywt4-00345-00078816-00078959 not be true
+o_GqIKjywt4-00346-00078960-00079182 um but i would challenge and say like
+o_GqIKjywt4-00347-00079183-00079335 maybe you haven't heard that because
+o_GqIKjywt4-00348-00079336-00079494 maybe you haven't broadened your circle
+o_GqIKjywt4-00349-00079495-00079815 beyond who shows up to our meetings
+o_GqIKjywt4-00350-00079816-00080031 right um and so that's been the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00351-00080032-00080335 frustrating part is meeting those same
+o_GqIKjywt4-00352-00080336-00080494 barriers that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00353-00080495-00080719 our families and students continue to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00354-00080720-00080982 meet where nobody takes us seriously or
+o_GqIKjywt4-00355-00080983-00081159 we're gaslit
+o_GqIKjywt4-00356-00081160-00081550 um and nobody's really hearing us
+o_GqIKjywt4-00357-00081551-00081847 as a brief follow-up if i may uh do you
+o_GqIKjywt4-00358-00081848-00082087 feel you're the only only person on the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00359-00082088-00082294 island on the board
+o_GqIKjywt4-00360-00082295-00082655 um i will say that it's constantly me
+o_GqIKjywt4-00361-00082656-00083055 and um laura bruner who is the teacher i
+o_GqIKjywt4-00362-00083056-00083318 believe in tempe union um and she's the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00363-00083319-00083567 only educator on our board
+o_GqIKjywt4-00364-00083568-00083662 and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00365-00083663-00083967 i think that you know she gets kind of
+o_GqIKjywt4-00366-00083968-00084159 put out there too right like it's
+o_GqIKjywt4-00367-00084160-00084375 usually if there's a no vote it's
+o_GqIKjywt4-00368-00084376-00084582 usually me and her
+o_GqIKjywt4-00369-00084583-00084726 right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00370-00084727-00084855 and so
+o_GqIKjywt4-00371-00084856-00085087 but it is kind of isolating being on a
+o_GqIKjywt4-00372-00085088-00085247 school board right because you can't
+o_GqIKjywt4-00373-00085248-00085399 have the relationships that you would
+o_GqIKjywt4-00374-00085400-00085687 have with like other colleagues right um
+o_GqIKjywt4-00375-00085688-00085903 just because you want to avoid like any
+o_GqIKjywt4-00376-00085904-00086071 accusations of
+o_GqIKjywt4-00377-00086072-00086159 you know
+o_GqIKjywt4-00378-00086160-00086382 open meeting or
+o_GqIKjywt4-00379-00086383-00086526 violations
+o_GqIKjywt4-00380-00086527-00086847 but um it is a pretty isolating
+o_GqIKjywt4-00381-00086848-00087143 experience being the only black woman on
+o_GqIKjywt4-00382-00087144-00087431 the board right because when it comes to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00383-00087432-00087735 a vote around equity or a discussion
+o_GqIKjywt4-00384-00087736-00088071 around equity um such as when we voted
+o_GqIKjywt4-00385-00088072-00088311 on the bylaw change for arizona school
+o_GqIKjywt4-00386-00088312-00088455 board association
+o_GqIKjywt4-00387-00088456-00088671 to include an indigenous school board
+o_GqIKjywt4-00388-00088672-00088943 member and a hispanic school board
+o_GqIKjywt4-00389-00088944-00089191 member on the asba board
+o_GqIKjywt4-00390-00089192-00089382 i was up against
+o_GqIKjywt4-00391-00089383-00089655 four other board members who wanted to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00392-00089656-00089967 pull it because one person felt like it
+o_GqIKjywt4-00393-00089968-00090118 was racist
+o_GqIKjywt4-00394-00090119-00090367 to create more room at the table for
+o_GqIKjywt4-00395-00090368-00090631 historically marginalized groups and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00396-00090632-00090782 felt like we didn't need to do that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00397-00090783-00090967 because kabbalah harris was the vice
+o_GqIKjywt4-00398-00090968-00091167 president and could
+o_GqIKjywt4-00399-00091168-00091511 why that statement was wrong right right
+o_GqIKjywt4-00400-00091512-00091759 and so it's constantly
+o_GqIKjywt4-00401-00091760-00091943 going up against those voices and being
+o_GqIKjywt4-00402-00091944-00092111 the only one in the room
+o_GqIKjywt4-00403-00092112-00092335 who it's like wow like we're really
+o_GqIKjywt4-00404-00092336-00092599 doing this but then having like this
+o_GqIKjywt4-00405-00092600-00092871 audience who's also anti-equity
+o_GqIKjywt4-00406-00092872-00093094 echoing and being like the chorus to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00407-00093095-00093391 this as well um and that's been pretty
+o_GqIKjywt4-00408-00093392-00093582 disheartening to see anything like
+o_GqIKjywt4-00409-00093583-00093750 disturbing for a lot of our community
+o_GqIKjywt4-00410-00093751-00093887 members to see
+o_GqIKjywt4-00411-00093888-00094159 how our local government works around
+o_GqIKjywt4-00412-00094160-00094350 these things number six is there
+o_GqIKjywt4-00413-00094351-00094511 anything not covered in the first five
+o_GqIKjywt4-00414-00094512-00094638 questions that you would like the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00415-00094639-00094855 readers to know please explain
+o_GqIKjywt4-00416-00094856-00095111 i think you know if i can just emphasize
+o_GqIKjywt4-00417-00095112-00095487 like we really need people to show up
+o_GqIKjywt4-00418-00095488-00095582 um
+o_GqIKjywt4-00419-00095583-00095815 if you don't like some of the bigoted
+o_GqIKjywt4-00420-00095816-00096071 narratives that go on in our school
+o_GqIKjywt4-00421-00096072-00096231 board meetings
+o_GqIKjywt4-00422-00096232-00096526 or you feel like this is taking away
+o_GqIKjywt4-00423-00096527-00096767 from students you know there's a good
+o_GqIKjywt4-00424-00096768-00097015 thing called closed mouths don't get fed
+o_GqIKjywt4-00425-00097016-00097215 right right and so
+o_GqIKjywt4-00426-00097216-00097567 when we don't hear or boards don't hear
+o_GqIKjywt4-00427-00097568-00097647 from
+o_GqIKjywt4-00428-00097648-00097823 community members who are like no we
+o_GqIKjywt4-00429-00097824-00098206 don't support these anti-equity anti-crt
+o_GqIKjywt4-00430-00098207-00098494 parents or these parents who want to
+o_GqIKjywt4-00431-00098495-00098767 remove some book from like the the
+o_GqIKjywt4-00432-00098768-00099023 library because it's offensive and it
+o_GqIKjywt4-00433-00099024-00099159 talks about
+o_GqIKjywt4-00434-00099160-00099318 gender and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00435-00099319-00099582 identity right if those are things that
+o_GqIKjywt4-00436-00099583-00099871 you're appalled by sitting at home
+o_GqIKjywt4-00437-00099872-00100111 it's incumbent upon you to show up and
+o_GqIKjywt4-00438-00100112-00100382 voice that and show up in strong numbers
+o_GqIKjywt4-00439-00100383-00100647 these groups are very organized
+o_GqIKjywt4-00440-00100648-00100894 and when people don't show up they make
+o_GqIKjywt4-00441-00100895-00101135 an impact they go to the ledge they lost
+o_GqIKjywt4-00442-00101136-00101399 past right um and we're going to see
+o_GqIKjywt4-00443-00101400-00101599 that in the next legislative session
+o_GqIKjywt4-00444-00101600-00101815 right um but we need people to show up
+o_GqIKjywt4-00445-00101816-00102055 and get active uh just because joe biden
+o_GqIKjywt4-00446-00102056-00102231 was elected the president doesn't mean
+o_GqIKjywt4-00447-00102232-00102439 that there's not more work and more
+o_GqIKjywt4-00448-00102440-00102718 fight no i i understand
+o_GqIKjywt4-00449-00102719-00102910 i'm gonna stop the recording right now
+o_GqIKjywt4-00450-00102911-00103211 okay
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00000-00000637-00000860 everybody Kevin Thatcher the founder and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00001-00000861-00001103 CEO of Independence title also known as
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00002-00001104-00001319 your title King today we have another
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00003-00001320-00001525 fantastic episode of title Tuesdays
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00004-00001526-00001667 where we're bringing in a special guest
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00005-00001668-00001901 Chaz with close with us they're a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00006-00001902-00002068 mortgage lender here right in South
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00007-00002069-00002270 Florida through the hamilton funding
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00008-00002271-00002434 group and and the reason I brought a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00009-00002435-00002615 medicine because he posted a really cool
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00010-00002616-00002668 video
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00011-00002669-00002804 you know they believe in the same type
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00012-00002805-00002948 of concepts that we do within our
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00013-00002949-00003109 business talking about building
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00014-00003110-00003254 relationships and talking about
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00015-00003254-00003481 different unique ways of marketing and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00016-00003482-00003656 I've been following them for quite some
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00017-00003657-00003797 time we've closed the number of deals
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00018-00003797-00004010 with them and we love the process so
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00019-00004011-00004156 anytime we love dealing with a company
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00020-00004157-00004336 we like to bring them in and just
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00021-00004337-00004466 showcase them a little bit because you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00022-00004467-00004627 may need their products or services down
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00023-00004628-00004813 the line or or maybe they can help build
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00024-00004814-00004985 your business so what I wanted to start
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00025-00004986-00005161 off with was you you had a pretty cool
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00026-00005162-00005420 video which had nothing to do with the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00027-00005421-00005642 lending side right you talked about five
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00028-00005643-00005822 to nine was the title can you just tell
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00029-00005823-00006008 them a little bit about that sure thanks
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00030-00006009-00006116 and thanks for having me accept your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00031-00006117-00006365 so I caught a lot of heat for
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00032-00006366-00006467 that from a lot of my buddies they're
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00033-00006468-00006631 like you know what are you doing a 5:00
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00034-00006633-00006938 a.m. they're like I'm sleeping so so I
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00035-00006939-00007133 did a video and love people talk 9:00 to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00036-00007134-00007309 5:00 right and so 9:00 to 5:00
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00037-00007311-00007495 traditionally is that the time everyone
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00038-00007497-00007684 goes to work and so I said you everyone
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00039-00007686-00007981 knows that's important but for me 5:00
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00040-00007983-00008239 to 9:00 is important it's 5:00 a.m. in
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00041-00008240-00008492 the morning until 9 a.m. and really it's
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00042-00008493-00008666 like 4:15 in the morning but I kind of
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00043-00008667-00008803 find I lose a lot of people if I put
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00044-00008804-00009017 4:15 or not and so I want to make a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00045-00009018-00009176 little more realistic where people can
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00046-00009177-00009542 digest it and so my concept was you got
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00047-00009543-00009827 to get yourself on the on-ramp to your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00048-00009828-00010042 day and I think a lot of people let
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00049-00010043-00010303 their day control them and they don't
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00050-00010304-00010549 really have a plan of attack for the day
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00051-00010550-00010871 so my five to nine have the way it just
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00052-00010872-00011033 the way I talked about it in a video was
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00053-00011034-00011335 I get have a 4:15 I get to the gym by
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00054-00011336-00011585 5:00 and I work out usually from 5:00 to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00055-00011586-00012010 6:00 and home by 6:10 get home take a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00056-00012011-00012260 shower get ready and the kids wake up
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00057-00012261-00012553 around 7:00 and we could spend some
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00058-00012554-00012680 quality time with the kids in the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00059-00012681-00012877 morning my wife takes them around 7:45
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00060-00012878-00013030 and they're off to school and now I'm
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00061-00013031-00013255 already ready for my day and I have from
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00062-00013256-00013394 7:45 until
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00063-00013394-00013663 9 to truly plan out my course of attack
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00064-00013665-00013813 and what I'm going to do that day in my
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00065-00013815-00014030 business to to move the barometer
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00066-00014031-00014355 forward and on the days where I don't
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00067-00014356-00014608 wake up early enough and don't get off
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00068-00014609-00014843 to that that good start my day just
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00069-00014844-00014954 takes me in a whole different direction
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00070-00014955-00015137 I wake up just some time to get the kids
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00071-00015138-00015404 awake then wife or life takes him to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00072-00015405-00015619 school I'm jumping in the shower I'm
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00073-00015620-00015857 getting to work just by 9:00 or 9:30 and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00074-00015858-00015962 it's like I don't even know what I'm
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00075-00015963-00016205 doing that day and so it just doesn't
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00076-00016206-00016405 work out and I walk in and walk into
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00077-00016406-00016661 work like a grumpy individual and nobody
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00078-00016662-00016897 wants that so when I when I get it off
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00079-00016898-00017128 to the right start from from 5:00 to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00080-00017129-00017350 9:00 I walk in the office with purpose
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00081-00017351-00017530 my planning is already done I know
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00082-00017531-00017762 exactly what I'm going to do that day to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00083-00017763-00017897 grow the business and I'm being
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00084-00017898-00018185 proactive not reactive to my day which
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00085-00018186-00018368 is awesome you know for those of you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00086-00018369-00018563 that know I love fitness and I get up
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00087-00018564-00018758 every day with my daughter she's 13 now
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00088-00018759-00018931 she comes to boot camp with me every day
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00089-00018932-00019156 we're running the Spartan Race coming up
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00090-00019157-00019306 this weekend for the first time she's
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00091-00019307-00019478 going to be running it with me so you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00092-00019479-00019678 know I believed in it I believed in just
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00093-00019679-00019909 starting your day off right having some
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00094-00019910-00020144 quality family time and getting into the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00095-00020145-00020372 office fresh with a plan of action it
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00096-00020373-00020569 was the first coming in to clean off
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00097-00020570-00020708 your desk so hopefully that was the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00098-00020709-00020950 message you guys received today which is
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00099-00020951-00021134 why I invited him in or I want to talk a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00100-00021135-00021319 little bit though on the business side
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00101-00021320-00021512 because obviously they're they're a very
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00102-00021513-00021803 well-known mortgage lender here but you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00103-00021804-00022006 know as with title I say the real estate
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00104-00022007-00022175 closing process is going to be the same
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00105-00022176-00022319 everywhere my rates are going to be
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00106-00022320-00022480 roughly the same the fees are going to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00107-00022481-00022730 be the same you know so they're going to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00108-00022731-00022847 come to you for a mortgage and they
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00109-00022848-00023012 should be getting the best possible rate
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00110-00023013-00023177 they should be getting the best possible
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00111-00023178-00023441 service but it's what else you guys all
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00112-00023442-00023662 never know the relationship that I think
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00113-00023663-00023800 it's so unique that we can tell them
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00114-00023801-00023990 about and nobody ever will walk in and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00115-00023991-00024175 say hey you know my service is just
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00116-00024176-00024380 above average right so if you go if you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00117-00024381-00024653 walk into a into a room of Realtors or
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00118-00024654-00024775 title professionals or mortgage
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00119-00024776-00024944 professionals you say okay everyone in
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00120-00024945-00025231 the room raise your hand if you give
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00121-00025232-00025528 above-average service and everybody in
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00122-00025529-00025700 the room is going to raise their hand
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00123-00025701-00025892 and statistically speaking that's just
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00124-00025893-00026044 not true right everybody can't be above
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00125-00026045-00026249 average or there wouldn't be average so
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00126-00026250-00026507 what we go to what we try to accomplish
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00127-00026508-00026731 by going above and beyond is we
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00128-00026732-00026944 help our realtor partners we are more
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00129-00026945-00027220 b2b so we help our realtor partners grow
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00130-00027220-00027427 their business and we do that in a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00131-00027427-00027661 variety of ways and so for example today
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00132-00027662-00027931 we went out and did a presentation to a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00133-00027932-00028081 group of realtors and we talked about
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00134-00028082-00028402 their daily success plan and we talked
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00135-00028402-00028677 about what do you do from nine to five
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00136-00028677-00028902 instead of five to nine to grow your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00137-00028904-00029077 business and what is your daily ritual
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00138-00029077-00029254 look like because a lot of people walk
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00139-00029255-00029449 in and have a plan on what they're going
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00140-00029450-00029677 to do that day so we cover things with
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00141-00029677-00029943 our real estate partners whether it's
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00142-00029944-00030183 just something basic like how many calls
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00143-00030185-00030345 you're going to make a day what how many
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00144-00030347-00030508 business are you going to do we talk
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00145-00030508-00030643 about digital marketing we talk about
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00146-00030644-00030858 social media marketing we talk about
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00147-00030858-00031123 going out and doing Network event how to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00148-00031124-00031276 position yourself and have brand
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00149-00031277-00031429 yourself because I think that's the most
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00150-00031430-00031648 important thing if you look at where the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00151-00031649-00031977 industry is shifting right now it is to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00152-00031979-00032176 everybody need to brand themselves and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00153-00032177-00032332 what they're all about because like you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00154-00032333-00032464 said
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00155-00032464-00032722 the playing fields are very level right
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00156-00032723-00032908 now right so in the title business and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00157-00032909-00033058 the mortgage and everyone's kind of have
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00158-00033059-00033280 the same rates and what are you going to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00159-00033281-00033514 do to differentiate yourself so I would
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00160-00033515-00033649 I would I would pose the same question
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00161-00033650-00033931 to your viewers is what do you do each
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00162-00033932-00034183 and every day to differentiate yourself
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00163-00034184-00034312 in your business and you really going to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00164-00034313-00034459 sit back and ask yourself that question
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00165-00034460-00034909 and so right now ours we have a huge
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00166-00034910-00035314 push towards ease of doing business with
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00167-00035315-00035620 us the fast easy the most important
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00168-00035621-00035863 personal approach so we have a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00169-00035864-00035977 competitors in our business like
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00170-00035978-00036280 clicking the rocket mortgage movement
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00171-00036281-00036556 mortgage and a lot of people want to you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00172-00036557-00036769 know they want to try to discount what
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00173-00036770-00036886 they're doing I think it's a great thing
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00174-00036887-00037183 what they're doing so we are adopting
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00175-00037184-00037375 the same technologies that make them
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00176-00037376-00037627 rocket mortgage but we're fusing that
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00177-00037628-00037936 together with the personal approach of
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00178-00037937-00038176 having a knowledgeable professional to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00179-00038177-00038383 walk you down the path so people want to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00180-00038384-00038659 do business how and when they want to do
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00181-00038660-00038827 business and we can't make people do
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00182-00038828-00038971 business how we want them to do business
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00183-00038972-00039244 right so you can't fight the movements
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00184-00039245-00039544 of Technology in our industry you can
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00185-00039545-00039690 you can either grow with them or you can
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00186-00039691-00039943 die so we're adopting technologies but
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00187-00039944-00040045 we're also keeping
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00188-00040046-00040219 together with that personal approach of
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00189-00040220-00040360 having that professionals going to walk
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00190-00040361-00040540 them down the path and so what I'm
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00191-00040541-00040702 trying to help my realtors do also is
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00192-00040703-00040870 how are they going to differentiate
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00193-00040871-00041095 differentiate themselves in a sea of a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00194-00041096-00041326 hundred thousand realtors right and so
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00195-00041327-00041488 usually when I ask that question the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00196-00041489-00041701 group of realtors I get crickets and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00197-00041702-00041887 nobody says anything and they don't
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00198-00041888-00042121 really know so my job is to help them
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00199-00042122-00042442 individually know okay how how are you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00200-00042443-00042616 going to do something better than your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00201-00042617-00042790 competition and for and for every
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00202-00042791-00043012 realtor every mortgage professional in
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00203-00043013-00043150 top professional the answer is going to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00204-00043151-00043384 be different and that's the beauty of it
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00205-00043385-00043537 is that is what's going to make you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00206-00043538-00043738 different be different and be authentic
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00207-00043739-00043906 and be who you say who you're going to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00208-00043907-00044092 be I didn't come in today with a suit on
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00209-00044093-00044404 an or suit so if I did that would not be
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00210-00044405-00044518 mean I wouldn't be authentic you know
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00211-00044519-00044686 you're and what you what you wear every
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00212-00044687-00044902 day and you know fifteen years ago
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00213-00044903-00045124 wasn't like that so fifteen years ago it
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00214-00045125-00045421 was you had to meet a certain look and a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00215-00045422-00045607 certain standard in a you know a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00216-00045608-00045829 professional demeanor nowadays it's like
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00217-00045830-00045973 you go in with your polos on and that's
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00218-00045974-00046156 who you are I actually had a realtor
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00219-00046157-00046330 years ago they came over to decides to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00220-00046331-00046519 dress in a suit tie every day they were
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00221-00046520-00046744 actually offended to do business with me
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00222-00046745-00046906 they were fearful to walk in my office
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00223-00046907-00047134 and actually talk to me thinking that
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00224-00047135-00047359 that I was much better off than them or
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00225-00047360-00047668 or you know they didn't have the the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00226-00047669-00047884 ideas to come to me and talk to me and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00227-00047885-00048094 pick my brain think maybe I think they
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00228-00048095-00048304 were stupid or different and and ever
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00229-00048305-00048451 since that day I said to myself you know
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00230-00048452-00048562 what I'm going to get on that level
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00231-00048563-00048760 playing field and and you know I took a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00232-00048761-00048889 course because when I first got started
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00233-00048890-00049048 in this business I was actually in the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00234-00049049-00049249 mortgage business back in o1 and I took
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00235-00049250-00049558 a program called by referral only which
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00236-00049559-00049762 talk Realtors and mortgage people just
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00237-00049763-00049966 how to be better at what they do and one
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00238-00049967-00050155 of the things that you touched on they
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00239-00050156-00050332 had a spreadsheet talking about every
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00240-00050333-00050527 hour blocking out every hour at your day
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00241-00050528-00050737 what are you going to do this is when
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00242-00050738-00050884 you set your voicemail to say your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00243-00050885-00051070 you're busy you know helping clients
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00244-00051071-00051199 you'll get back to them at this time
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00245-00051200-00051361 right so you basically set the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00246-00051362-00051613 expectation for the clients which helps
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00247-00051614-00051769 you be more productive absolutely and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00248-00051770-00052039 and earn more income so you know this is
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00249-00052040-00052179 a great video I think it was fantastic
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00250-00052180-00052375 and this is going to tie into our next
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00251-00052376-00052561 video which is talking about how to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00252-00052562-00052704 build your real estate dream team
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00253-00052705-00052963 because I'm talking on a panel next week
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00254-00052964-00053089 talking about how to build your real
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00255-00053090-00053296 estate dream team and obviously one of
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00256-00053297-00053322 the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00257-00053323-00053499 important dream team members for
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00258-00053500-00053709 realtors is a mortgage person and you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00259-00053710-00053850 covered it you said we want to be your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00260-00053851-00054036 partner's right as opposed to I want to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00261-00054037-00054207 be your mortgage broker why would you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00262-00054208-00054392 want to be their partners in success you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00263-00054394-00054540 want to teach them how to be more
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00264-00054541-00054783 successful so then their clients will
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00265-00054784-00054996 just pick up the fruit of their labor
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00266-00054997-00055170 everything that they're doing they will
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00267-00055171-00055320 just benefit from it well like you said
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00268-00055321-00055580 I mean that's doing a good job on the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00269-00055582-00055817 deal whether it's title whether it's
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00270-00055819-00056034 mortgage that's the basics like that
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00271-00056035-00056216 says you have to do that but what are
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00272-00056217-00056388 you going to do above and beyond to to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00273-00056389-00056685 really add value to your partner's
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00274-00056686-00056865 business and obviously what you're doing
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00275-00056866-00057072 with these videos and educating is
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00276-00057073-00057270 what's adding value to your to your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00277-00057271-00057467 audience I watched a TED talk I think I
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00278-00057469-00057720 sent it to you on the link of it which
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00279-00057721-00057933 talks about the center of the successful
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00280-00057934-00058140 people are the why Simon said RKO
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00281-00058141-00058419 exactly so it's wat why are you doing
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00282-00058420-00058635 what you're doing the what in the Howry
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00283-00058636-00058836 how you're going to do it every day and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00284-00058837-00058991 what you're offering to products or
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00285-00058992-00059117 services is a gimmick
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00286-00059119-00059286 right that's your basic you should be
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00287-00059287-00059565 doing that it's your why and why did you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00288-00059566-00059826 do when you do a core value added and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00289-00059827-00059970 then he makes it sound simple in the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00290-00059971-00060162 video and so we actually I then I went
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00291-00060163-00060312 through and read his book let's start
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00292-00060313-00060462 with why after so I saw the video
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00293-00060463-00060720 initially and then myself and my partner
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00294-00060721-00060909 we read the book and there's a whole
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00295-00060910-00061176 exercise that you go through to figure
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00296-00061177-00061437 out your why and it's it's harder than
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00297-00061438-00061626 if it's harder than people think it is
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00298-00061627-00061986 to really find the why you do what you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00299-00061987-00062241 do but once you do when you can tap into
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00300-00062241-00062448 it it's amazing
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00301-00062449-00062577 and the problem is they're so busy with
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00302-00062578-00062709 the day to day they don't have the time
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00303-00062710-00062874 so I had someone with social media the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00304-00062875-00063036 other day there's I just don't have the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00305-00063037-00063219 time for them like okay well then that
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00306-00063220-00063390 means you're too busy and you don't need
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00307-00063391-00063558 more business right if you don't have
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00308-00063559-00063755 time to focus on the door on your social
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00309-00063757-00063963 media brand you obviously are just so
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00310-00063964-00064128 busy you're making so much money which
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00311-00064129-00064308 isn't really the case right it's about
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00312-00064309-00064554 knowing your why and prioritizing and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00313-00064554-00064854 planning out your time and and Hamilton
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00314-00064854-00065076 will be able to you know they're able to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00315-00065077-00065298 partner with you and be your success
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00316-00065299-00065499 partner as well as us you know when it
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00317-00065500-00065631 comes to this you want to deal with a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00318-00065632-00065829 team that is going to have your back
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00319-00065830-00066051 when the going gets tough the tough get
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00320-00066052-00066267 going and they build an amazing team and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00321-00066268-00066429 then close an amazing amount of deals
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00322-00066430-00066581 and most importantly do
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00323-00066582-00066818 by the consumer so one consumer tells
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00324-00066819-00066998 the next consumer and that's the way you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00325-00066999-00067130 do that's the way to do business I mean
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00326-00067131-00067346 right now on if you go on a Facebook or
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00327-00067347-00067496 Google and you google the clothes with
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00328-00067497-00067754 us team and we have about 150 reviews
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00329-00067755-00067979 online and that's just what it's about
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00330-00067980-00068123 it's about taking good care of people
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00331-00068124-00068267 and they'll take care of you and also
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00332-00068268-00068459 building a team I realized five years
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00333-00068460-00068711 ago that I was in the business for 10
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00334-00068712-00068915 years prior and I was doing it the same
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00335-00068916-00069044 way over and over again without a team
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00336-00069045-00069242 and you could only do so much and your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00337-00069243-00069386 service ends up suffering if you're by
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00338-00069387-00069635 yourself and you're doing forty five
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00339-00069636-00069875 fifty million dollars a year you try to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00340-00069876-00070010 make everybody happy but you just one
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00341-00070011-00070274 person right and I learned five years
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00342-00070275-00070487 ago that through building a team we
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00343-00070488-00070727 could offer better service not drop the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00344-00070728-00070988 ball as often and as I was like hey I
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00345-00070989-00071102 want to get back to you as quick as I
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00346-00071103-00071255 can but if you have twenty other other
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00347-00071256-00071480 people to get back to you it's time is
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00348-00071481-00071681 of the essence and so now with the team
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00349-00071682-00071954 we better serve everybody and everyone
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00350-00071955-00072155 has their role and everyone has their
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00351-00072156-00072335 specialties and everyone is doing what
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00352-00072336-00072614 they enjoy doing as part of that team so
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00353-00072615-00072758 now we have a team of about twenty six
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00354-00072759-00073013 people and it's been an awesome journey
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00355-00073014-00073223 and we're still building but I think
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00356-00073224-00073451 we're better now suited to help our
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00357-00073452-00073676 realtor partners then and then I was
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00358-00073677-00073844 when I was that one-man band because
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00359-00073845-00074054 when I'm was gone they couldn't get me
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00360-00074055-00074216 but now there's always somebody there to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00361-00074217-00074420 take those you're changing though you're
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00362-00074421-00074579 changing the way that people view the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00363-00074580-00074714 mortgage in providers and that's the
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00364-00074715-00074906 whole idea so we're going to wrap it up
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00365-00074907-00075041 on running at a time thanks for joining
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00366-00075042-00075242 us today I appreciate it thank you as
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00367-00075243-00075407 always for watching title Tuesdays
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00368-00075408-00075596 hopefully you'll choose the independence
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00369-00075597-00075815 and the clothes with us team for your
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00370-00075816-00076025 next real estate closing you know Chad
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00371-00076026-00076256 thanks for joining us today tell them a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00372-00076257-00076361 little bit about how they can get in
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00373-00076362-00076550 touch with you I did what first of all
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00374-00076551-00076730 thank you for having me I want to give
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00375-00076731-00076868 you kudos for doing everything that
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00376-00076869-00076988 you're doing for your community and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00377-00076989-00077246 spend the time to help them and educate
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00378-00077247-00077465 them you can you can always find us at
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00379-00077466-00077692 clothes with us whether it's on Facebook
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00380-00077693-00078077 Twitter Instagram and our office is
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00381-00078078-00078311 locally operated in Sunrise we have
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00382-00078312-00078452 everything under one roof underwriting
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00383-00078453-00078623 process in closing everything happens
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00384-00078624-00078833 right in my office and we're just off of
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00385-00078834-00079220 595 there and and the Sawgrass so that
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00386-00079221-00079304 area right over there
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00387-00079305-00079484 out west nobody's out there but we are
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00388-00079485-00079697 and so we'd love to help you guys out in
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00389-00079698-00079846 the future awesome well thanks
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00390-00079847-00079993 very much don't forget you have to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00391-00079994-00080125 subscribe a little click the red
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00392-00080126-00080314 subscribe button otherwise you'll never
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00393-00080315-00080551 get notified of the next upcoming
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00394-00080552-00080758 episodes so again thanks for watching my
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00395-00080759-00080911 name's Kevin Thatcher the founder and
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00396-00080912-00081136 CEO of independents tidal also known as
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00397-00081137-00081316 your title King and I look forward to
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00398-00081317-00081487 seeing you at the closing table have a
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00399-00081488-00082088 great day for life
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00400-00082089-00082152 you
+oC23QLmXZ8U-00401-00082153-00082470 [Music]
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00000-00000046-00000318 the Macintosh Turkic Cyrillic encoding
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00001-00000319-00000543 is used in Apple Macintosh computers to
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00002-00000544-00000738 represent texts in the Cyrillic script
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00003-00000739-00001023 for Turkic languages it was created by
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00004-00001024-00001250 Michael Everson for use in his fonts but
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00005-00001251-00001479 is not an official Mac OS code page
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00006-00001480-00001814 it supports Azerbaijani Bashkir Kazakh
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00007-00001815-00002152 Kyrgyz Tajik Tatar Turkmen and Uzbek
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+oDSzoq21yVQ-00012-00003285-00003529 shown the first half code points 0 to
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+oDSzoq21yVQ-00018-00004764-00005299 Turkic Cyrillic encoding
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00019-00005300-00005654 topic references
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00020-00005655-00005815 you
+oDSzoq21yVQ-00021-00005816-00006022 you
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00000-00000024-00000214 join the varus community for a q a
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00001-00000215-00000415 sessions with bitthumb global exchange
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00002-00000416-00000574 earn giveaways while learning about the
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00003-00000575-00000767 groundbreaking solutions of this truly
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00004-00000768-00000807 free
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00005-00000808-00001007 open source blockchain protocol designed
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00006-00001008-00001150 for privacy safety
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00007-00001151-00001343 open participation and unlimited
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00008-00001344-00001478 scalability
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00009-00001479-00001647 mark your calendar for november 12th at
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00010-00001648-00001839 3 a.m eastern standard time
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00011-00001839-00002142 8 a.m utc 9 a.m cet
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00012-00002143-00002310 and head to bit thumbs telegram channel
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00013-00002311-00002487 to participate t dot
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00014-00002488-00002863 me slash bit thumb global underscore en
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00015-00002864-00003058 and join us on the varus discord at
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00016-00003059-00003175 varus.io
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00017-00003176-00003406 forward slash discord where we share the
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00018-00003407-00003575 developments of a rent-free
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00019-00003576-00003775 blockchain economy that can scale to the
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00020-00003776-00003879 world
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00021-00003879-00004399 can't wait to see you there
+oFC1lMMmI1Q-00022-00004400-00004607 you
+oKBasulGoH4-00000-00000317-00000611 hi welcome back to Rebecca's travel so
+oKBasulGoH4-00001-00000612-00000784 if you're watching My Lifestyle Channel
+oKBasulGoH4-00002-00000785-00001108 welcome back to Rebecca's lifestyle hi
+oKBasulGoH4-00003-00001109-00001408 how you all doing I hope everybody's had
+oKBasulGoH4-00004-00001409-00001702 a wonderful Christmas
+oKBasulGoH4-00005-00001703-00002087 and um also
+oKBasulGoH4-00006-00002088-00002465 um in the UK we're celebrating at boxing
+oKBasulGoH4-00007-00002466-00002747 day uh yesterday
+oKBasulGoH4-00008-00002748-00002902 so
+oKBasulGoH4-00009-00002903-00003137 um I hope everybody's had a happy Boxing
+oKBasulGoH4-00010-00003138-00003319 Day
+oKBasulGoH4-00011-00003320-00003527 and um
+oKBasulGoH4-00012-00003528-00003790 and we're looking forward to the new
+oKBasulGoH4-00013-00003792-00004103 year what it brings
+oKBasulGoH4-00014-00004104-00004354 and I hope everybody has a Happy New
+oKBasulGoH4-00015-00004355-00004847 Year
+oKBasulGoH4-00016-00004848-00005291 and I hope everybody's enjoying the
+oKBasulGoH4-00017-00005292-00005963 holiday season
+oKBasulGoH4-00018-00005964-00006118 even now
+oKBasulGoH4-00019-00006119-00006352 um a lot of us are working the holiday
+oKBasulGoH4-00020-00006353-00007031 season I hope everybody can enjoy
+oKBasulGoH4-00021-00007031-00007355 and however you want to expand it as
+oKBasulGoH4-00022-00007356-00007589 much as possible
+oKBasulGoH4-00023-00007590-00007739 so
+oKBasulGoH4-00024-00007740-00007828 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00025-00007829-00008033 today the way through North West
+oKBasulGoH4-00026-00008034-00008357 leicestershire is uh Cloud day
+oKBasulGoH4-00027-00008358-00008639 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00028-00008640-00008764 it's
+oKBasulGoH4-00029-00008765-00009089 quite cold but again it's expected for
+oKBasulGoH4-00030-00009090-00009323 this time of year
+oKBasulGoH4-00031-00009324-00009683 today I'm going to be doing a video on a
+oKBasulGoH4-00032-00009684-00010019 travel news worldwide 10 exciting facts
+oKBasulGoH4-00033-00010020-00010367 December 2022 part five this is
+oKBasulGoH4-00034-00010368-00010703 according to breakingtravelenews.com
+oKBasulGoH4-00035-00010704-00010942 and if you haven't subscribed to my
+oKBasulGoH4-00036-00010943-00011159 Channel please subscribe
+oKBasulGoH4-00037-00011160-00011513 and thank you for all the subscribers
+oKBasulGoH4-00038-00011514-00011801 that's of all
+oKBasulGoH4-00039-00011802-00011881 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00040-00011882-00012496 subscribe and I really do appreciate it
+oKBasulGoH4-00041-00012497-00012731 um I'm looking to get up to 2 000
+oKBasulGoH4-00042-00012732-00013213 subscribers as soon as possible
+oKBasulGoH4-00043-00013213-00013993 and it's thank you for subscribing
+oKBasulGoH4-00044-00013994-00014147 and
+oKBasulGoH4-00045-00014147-00014272 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00046-00014273-00014501 I'm going to kick off with number one
+oKBasulGoH4-00047-00014502-00014915 which is explore the inter Enchanted
+oKBasulGoH4-00048-00014916-00015244 winter winter wonderland uh this is the
+oKBasulGoH4-00049-00015245-00015599 festive season in wall
+oKBasulGoH4-00050-00015600-00015743 door
+oKBasulGoH4-00051-00015744-00016043 um Astoria grass
+oKBasulGoH4-00052-00016044-00016469 Al kamea with endless entertainment
+oKBasulGoH4-00053-00016470-00017339 joyful activities and one
+oKBasulGoH4-00054-00017340-00017572 um of
+oKBasulGoH4-00055-00017573-00018011 the surprises from the 22nd of December
+oKBasulGoH4-00056-00018012-00018325 to the 8th of January
+oKBasulGoH4-00057-00018326-00018700 2023 United
+oKBasulGoH4-00058-00018701-00019000 in the United Arab Emirates it looks
+oKBasulGoH4-00059-00019001-00019379 absolutely fantastic if you're able to
+oKBasulGoH4-00060-00019380-00019553 go to it
+oKBasulGoH4-00061-00019554-00019805 between these times
+oKBasulGoH4-00062-00019806-00020203 at lots of entertainment and activities
+oKBasulGoH4-00063-00020204-00020464 and number two
+oKBasulGoH4-00064-00020465-00020929 um our hosting Festival return in
+oKBasulGoH4-00065-00020930-00021394 2023 to celebrate our Badoo Derby's
+oKBasulGoH4-00066-00021395-00021589 cultural heritage
+oKBasulGoH4-00067-00021590-00022547 Avenue celebration
+oKBasulGoH4-00068-00022548-00022978 and it's in the United Arab Emirates uh
+oKBasulGoH4-00069-00022979-00023435 cultural heritage set to return with
+oKBasulGoH4-00070-00023436-00023693 pack
+oKBasulGoH4-00071-00023694-00024058 um 10-day program taking place
+oKBasulGoH4-00072-00024059-00024533 um on the 13th to the 22nd of January
+oKBasulGoH4-00073-00024534-00024733 at the
+oKBasulGoH4-00074-00024734-00025207 iconic Al Posh excuse my Canal
+oKBasulGoH4-00075-00025208-00025606 pronunciation sites
+oKBasulGoH4-00076-00025607-00025925 and said number three uh Walt Disney
+oKBasulGoH4-00077-00025926-00026440 World right at Rail Road returns
+oKBasulGoH4-00078-00026441-00026681 um so
+oKBasulGoH4-00079-00026682-00026890 at the renowned
+oKBasulGoH4-00080-00026891-00026981 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00081-00026982-00027227 Walt Disney
+oKBasulGoH4-00082-00027227-00027539 World railroad has
+oKBasulGoH4-00083-00027539-00028043 um officially returned and
+oKBasulGoH4-00084-00028044-00028462 John and his team would like to welcome
+oKBasulGoH4-00085-00028463-00028762 you aboard it looks absolutely fantastic
+oKBasulGoH4-00086-00028763-00029711 at the Magic Kingdom
+oKBasulGoH4-00087-00029712-00029993 um I'm all I also know my mum likes
+oKBasulGoH4-00088-00029994-00030161 train rides
+oKBasulGoH4-00089-00030162-00030485 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00090-00030486-00030833 and anybody that does like I love trade
+oKBasulGoH4-00091-00030833-00031162 at train rides and I will and it looks
+oKBasulGoH4-00092-00031163-00031529 absolutely fantastic
+oKBasulGoH4-00093-00031530-00031907 and uh lovely and colorful
+oKBasulGoH4-00094-00031908-00032255 and number four Korean Air receives
+oKBasulGoH4-00095-00032256-00032593 approval from China on
+oKBasulGoH4-00096-00032594-00032974 Aisha acquisition
+oKBasulGoH4-00097-00032975-00033251 so that that's really good news
+oKBasulGoH4-00098-00033252-00033617 for Korean Air and number five Emirates
+oKBasulGoH4-00099-00033618-00034295 uh
+oKBasulGoH4-00100-00034296-00034468 um with
+oKBasulGoH4-00101-00034469-00034865 with friends its travel industry uh
+oKBasulGoH4-00102-00034866-00035201 leading site it's it's safety standard
+oKBasulGoH4-00103-00035202-00035411 so that's really good
+oKBasulGoH4-00104-00035412-00035567 and
+oKBasulGoH4-00105-00035568-00035705 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00106-00035706-00036071 number six Boulevard worlds
+oKBasulGoH4-00107-00036072-00036181 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00108-00036182-00036667 contribute to uh saw division
+oKBasulGoH4-00109-00036668-00036852 2000
+oKBasulGoH4-00110-00036853-00037223 2013 so I hope that goes as well for
+oKBasulGoH4-00111-00037224-00037589 Saudi Arabia owns Oak Boulevard
+oKBasulGoH4-00112-00037590-00037840 open gets fast and number seven
+oKBasulGoH4-00113-00037841-00037973 traveling
+oKBasulGoH4-00114-00037974-00038165 um across today
+oKBasulGoH4-00115-00038166-00038561 will be easier than ever with the new
+oKBasulGoH4-00116-00038562-00038746 high-speed train
+oKBasulGoH4-00117-00038747-00039323 so that's really good news for spraying
+oKBasulGoH4-00118-00039324-00039790 and it's not at new high speed trains
+oKBasulGoH4-00119-00039791-00040240 and number eight Southwest Airline
+oKBasulGoH4-00120-00040241-00040552 um recovering from operational uh
+oKBasulGoH4-00121-00040553-00040793 challenges so
+oKBasulGoH4-00122-00040794-00041027 that's really good news I hope that we
+oKBasulGoH4-00123-00041028-00041333 cover as soon as possible
+oKBasulGoH4-00124-00041334-00041561 and number nine
+oKBasulGoH4-00125-00041562-00041687 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00126-00041688-00042143 a fifth of Arabic Arts or the fifth
+oKBasulGoH4-00127-00042144-00042490 Arabic Arts Festival held in e-china
+oKBasulGoH4-00128-00042491-00042785 Jing
+oKBasulGoH4-00129-00042786-00042952 shouting
+oKBasulGoH4-00130-00042953-00043283 at Cesar pronunciation and last but not
+oKBasulGoH4-00131-00043284-00043517 least aperture
+oKBasulGoH4-00132-00043518-00043733 um members
+oKBasulGoH4-00133-00043734-00043859 um
+oKBasulGoH4-00134-00043860-00044290 customers travel with confidence in
+oKBasulGoH4-00135-00044291-00044555 their latest Campaign which is really
+oKBasulGoH4-00136-00044556-00044861 good because it's nothing more awful
+oKBasulGoH4-00137-00044862-00045130 than something going wrong on your
+oKBasulGoH4-00138-00045131-00045539 holiday or vacation so I would like to
+oKBasulGoH4-00139-00045540-00045802 say thank you for watching and I'll see
+oKBasulGoH4-00140-00045803-00046102 you tomorrow for five fabulous
+oKBasulGoH4-00141-00046103-00046511 at UK travel facts and thank you for
+oKBasulGoH4-00142-00046512-00047000 watching and bye for now thank you bye
+oN0AI6a432g-00000-00000003-00000451 Snow White's royal wedding but just one
+oN0AI6a432g-00001-00000452-00000761 kiss Snow White a walk the prints lifted
+oN0AI6a432g-00002-00000762-00000998 her atop his horse and together they
+oN0AI6a432g-00003-00000999-00001298 journeyed toward his castle turning back
+oN0AI6a432g-00004-00001299-00001490 Snow White will kiss to her beloved
+oN0AI6a432g-00005-00001491-00002042 friends to Seven Dwarfs don't worry
+oN0AI6a432g-00006-00002043-00002335 said the Prince to Snow White you'll be
+oN0AI6a432g-00007-00002336-00002579 able to see your friends again in fact I
+oN0AI6a432g-00008-00002580-00002888 was hoping for an outdoor wedding oh my
+oN0AI6a432g-00009-00002889-00003311 said Snow White a wedding the prince
+oN0AI6a432g-00010-00003311-00003578 helps know it from the saddle forgive me
+oN0AI6a432g-00011-00003579-00003950 he said I spoke too soon we do me the
+oN0AI6a432g-00012-00003951-00004409 honor of becoming my wife when she said
+oN0AI6a432g-00013-00004410-00004597 yes he tied a pretty little flower
+oN0AI6a432g-00014-00004598-00004888 around her finger I'll give you a better
+oN0AI6a432g-00015-00004889-00005063 ring later Prince at it
+oN0AI6a432g-00016-00005064-00005422 Snow White nodded but she fought the
+oN0AI6a432g-00017-00005423-00005558 flower would serve as a wonderful
+oN0AI6a432g-00018-00005559-00006209 wedding ring forever as they arrived at
+oN0AI6a432g-00019-00006210-00006432 the castle the royal gates opened white
+oN0AI6a432g-00020-00006433-00006680 welcome home along with the prince
+oN0AI6a432g-00021-00006681-00006959 shouted the people Prince meld and
+oN0AI6a432g-00022-00006959-00007203 introduce Snow White as his wife-to-be
+oN0AI6a432g-00023-00007204-00007367 how do you do
+oN0AI6a432g-00024-00007368-00007996 she said the prince is staff didn't
+oN0AI6a432g-00025-00007997-00008327 waste a moment they bustle all around
+oN0AI6a432g-00026-00008328-00008405 Snow White
+oN0AI6a432g-00027-00008406-00008708 you'll need a dress a royal wedding
+oN0AI6a432g-00028-00008709-00009302 carriage and a cake why don't you start
+oN0AI6a432g-00029-00009303-00009533 with your dress to print shouted I'm off
+oN0AI6a432g-00030-00009534-00009977 to find you a ring at the Royal dress
+oN0AI6a432g-00031-00009978-00010349 makers interest advised white of course
+oN0AI6a432g-00032-00010350-00010780 had a very long train set the dressmaker
+oN0AI6a432g-00033-00010781-00011195 she'll be Queen someday after all snow I
+oN0AI6a432g-00034-00011196-00011471 didn't know what to say she wasn't sure
+oN0AI6a432g-00035-00011472-00011710 she wanted to wear an elaborate dress or
+oN0AI6a432g-00036-00011711-00012338 have a fancy cake or carriage when the
+oN0AI6a432g-00037-00012339-00012509 Prince and Snow White met in the
+oN0AI6a432g-00038-00012510-00012757 afternoon he had a surprise for her
+oN0AI6a432g-00039-00012758-00013007 planning his wedding is hard work he
+oN0AI6a432g-00040-00013008-00013352 said and I can find a perfect ring
+oN0AI6a432g-00041-00013353-00013719 so I brought in the best helpers I know
+oN0AI6a432g-00042-00013721-00014009 there stood the Seven Dwarfs with all of
+oN0AI6a432g-00043-00014010-00014387 Snow White's forest friends why didn't I
+oN0AI6a432g-00044-00014388-00014621 see it before she said it's simple
+oN0AI6a432g-00045-00014622-00014933 I'm marrying my true love this wedding
+oN0AI6a432g-00046-00014934-00015286 should be simple - and sweet said happy
+oN0AI6a432g-00047-00015287-00015884 everyone agreed I was ready to her the
+oN0AI6a432g-00048-00015885-00016175 next day a sneezing duck and sleepy
+oN0AI6a432g-00049-00016176-00016361 helped Snow White redesign her wedding
+oN0AI6a432g-00050-00016362-00016658 dress don't be unhappy help the Prince
+oN0AI6a432g-00051-00016659-00017096 mind a perfect diamond later snow I
+oN0AI6a432g-00052-00017097-00017422 talked with the royal chef of course
+oN0AI6a432g-00053-00017423-00017696 your idea for a white cake is lovely but
+oN0AI6a432g-00054-00017697-00017869 if you don't mind how about adding
+oN0AI6a432g-00055-00017870-00018311 berries bashful blushed and nodded it'll
+oN0AI6a432g-00056-00018312-00018472 be a little more like one of them pies
+oN0AI6a432g-00057-00018473-00019088 said grumpy when the wedding day arrived
+oN0AI6a432g-00058-00019089-00019292 Snow White's first friends helped her
+oN0AI6a432g-00059-00019293-00019583 get dressed the Royal dressmaker was
+oN0AI6a432g-00060-00019584-00019766 surprised by the new gown but he
+oN0AI6a432g-00061-00019767-00020015 couldn't stop smiling it was just right
+oN0AI6a432g-00062-00020016-00020516 for this bride snow I joined her seven
+oN0AI6a432g-00063-00020517-00020917 friends snappy the happy times said doc
+oN0AI6a432g-00064-00020918-00021257 why Thank You doc I could use some
+oN0AI6a432g-00065-00021258-00021431 company said Snow White
+oN0AI6a432g-00066-00021432-00021922 would you all be willing to walk with me
+oN0AI6a432g-00067-00021923-00022244 as the birds whistle the song the Seven
+oN0AI6a432g-00068-00022245-00022403 Dwarfs did their best to walk their
+oN0AI6a432g-00069-00022404-00022631 beloved Snow White down the aisle to her
+oN0AI6a432g-00070-00022632-00023303 prince after the prince and Snow White
+oN0AI6a432g-00071-00023304-00023597 exchanged vows he gave her sparkling
+oN0AI6a432g-00072-00023598-00023861 diamond ring carved into the bend was a
+oN0AI6a432g-00073-00023862-00024247 floral pattern oh it's adorable said
+oN0AI6a432g-00074-00024248-00024656 Snow White at the wedding reception even
+oN0AI6a432g-00075-00024657-00024860 grumpy smiled along with the royal chef
+oN0AI6a432g-00076-00024861-00025013 as the couple took a bite after
+oN0AI6a432g-00077-00025014-00025550 delicious wedding cake the only part of
+oN0AI6a432g-00078-00025551-00025730 the celebration that wasn't so simple
+oN0AI6a432g-00079-00025731-00026033 was the first dance everyone joined in
+oN0AI6a432g-00080-00026033-00026520 the fun
+oN0AI6a432g-00081-00026522-00026758 at the day's end Snow White and the
+oN0AI6a432g-00082-00026758-00027037 prince roll off in love their wedding
+oN0AI6a432g-00083-00027038-00027327 day had been simple and sweet and their
+oN0AI6a432g-00084-00027329-00027583 future was simple too they live happily
+oN0AI6a432g-00085-00027583-00028481 ever after
+oN0AI6a432g-00086-00028482-00028688 you
+oNxR7uZmhDc-00000-00000145-00000653 [Music]
+oNxR7uZmhDc-00001-00000654-00000810 everybody
+oNxR7uZmhDc-00002-00000811-00002326 [Music]
+oNxR7uZmhDc-00003-00002327-00003422 [Music]
+oNxR7uZmhDc-00005-00007891-00008206 [Music]
+opMVRd0VUr4-00000-00000000-00000605 that time of the year again if you
+opMVRd0VUr4-00001-00000606-00000805 looking for cheap and reliable service
+opMVRd0VUr4-00002-00000806-00001003 check out for Prince com use the cool
+opMVRd0VUr4-00003-00001005-00001154 team up for five percent I'm hey guys
+opMVRd0VUr4-00004-00001155-00001322 team exciting and hope you're all having
+opMVRd0VUr4-00005-00001323-00001460 a great day today I'm going to be
+opMVRd0VUr4-00006-00001461-00001697 bringing you a January transfer hybrid
+opMVRd0VUr4-00007-00001698-00001895 he managed to fit to january transfer
+opMVRd0VUr4-00008-00001896-00002108 players in the squad and not really
+opMVRd0VUr4-00009-00002109-00002306 early my ears already started pumping
+opMVRd0VUr4-00010-00002307-00002471 out these january transfer so i thought
+opMVRd0VUr4-00011-00002472-00002666 why not make a video on this is the team
+opMVRd0VUr4-00012-00002667-00002846 as you can see them running the 4321
+opMVRd0VUr4-00013-00002847-00003085 formation keeping it sweaty as usual
+opMVRd0VUr4-00014-00003086-00003317 with a bit of a serial liga BMX hybrid
+opMVRd0VUr4-00015-00003318-00003436 going on there's something you don't see
+opMVRd0VUr4-00016-00003438-00003640 every day and since EA decided to
+opMVRd0VUr4-00017-00003642-00003838 release some sweaty transfer card
+opMVRd0VUr4-00018-00003839-00004045 there's no way I wasn't making the squad
+opMVRd0VUr4-00019-00004046-00004231 the first of the two transfers we have
+opMVRd0VUr4-00020-00004232-00004456 here is dum ba he's finally back in the
+opMVRd0VUr4-00021-00004457-00004702 Syria this dude is the king of swear
+opMVRd0VUr4-00022-00004703-00004870 probably not as good in this FIFA has
+opMVRd0VUr4-00023-00004871-00005069 been in previous fevers but I don't even
+opMVRd0VUr4-00024-00005070-00005258 care this guy still overpowered and
+opMVRd0VUr4-00025-00005259-00005461 sweaty and next to him we have Sanchez
+opMVRd0VUr4-00026-00005462-00005672 not Alexis but Carlos Sanchez he
+opMVRd0VUr4-00027-00005673-00005861 actually plays with a league of BMX 90
+opMVRd0VUr4-00028-00005862-00006092 pay 75 dribbling 71 shooting never
+opMVRd0VUr4-00029-00006093-00006290 actually use this car before as you can
+opMVRd0VUr4-00030-00006291-00006454 see that the rest of the team is pretty
+opMVRd0VUr4-00031-00006455-00006614 stacked midfield where players learn
+opMVRd0VUr4-00032-00006615-00006770 Angolan defense we have played that
+opMVRd0VUr4-00033-00006770-00007028 Manila sand Kucera pretty solid team if
+opMVRd0VUr4-00034-00007029-00007238 you ask me also threw in a silver hair
+opMVRd0VUr4-00035-00007239-00007381 coat lacks I'll never used them before
+opMVRd0VUr4-00036-00007383-00007559 me had to put them there for chemistry
+opMVRd0VUr4-00037-00007559-00007841 reason but the guys got 79 p76 dribbling
+opMVRd0VUr4-00038-00007842-00007999 so many passing which is decent for
+opMVRd0VUr4-00039-00008000-00008189 silver cards or hopefully he performs
+opMVRd0VUr4-00040-00008190-00008335 well in game nevertheless let's jump
+opMVRd0VUr4-00041-00008336-00008477 into a gaming show you guys how sweaty
+opMVRd0VUr4-00042-00008478-00008702 this January transfer squad actually is
+opMVRd0VUr4-00043-00008703-00008942 okay Nexus the team were coming up again
+opMVRd0VUr4-00044-00008943-00009251 Obama and Hernandez go tear Roy's all my
+opMVRd0VUr4-00045-00009252-00009446 fricking days let's hope this trance a
+opMVRd0VUr4-00046-00009447-00009599 team can actually help me out here off
+opMVRd0VUr4-00047-00009600-00009914 already this guys coming at me but come
+opMVRd0VUr4-00048-00009915-00010346 on oh oh snap there we go devine your
+opMVRd0VUr4-00049-00010347-00010709 turns final acts out just do the silver
+opMVRd0VUr4-00050-00010710-00011117 he can freaking move ah ah oh referee
+opMVRd0VUr4-00051-00011118-00011599 come on okay covino's there just go then
+opMVRd0VUr4-00052-00011600-00011858 you'll use that piece Gervinho just
+opMVRd0VUr4-00053-00011859-00012137 doesn't care find the past ah come on do
+opMVRd0VUr4-00054-00012138-00012428 me up all my days all here to do is just
+opMVRd0VUr4-00055-00012429-00012595 stick a foot there or something my
+opMVRd0VUr4-00056-00012596-00012830 election Steiner let you stand up come
+opMVRd0VUr4-00057-00012831-00013111 on don't let Royce through Legion Stein
+opMVRd0VUr4-00058-00013112-00013324 is a beast look at that defending guy
+opMVRd0VUr4-00059-00013325-00013471 never actually use that much of him this
+opMVRd0VUr4-00060-00013472-00013759 fever but is good Gervinho come on
+opMVRd0VUr4-00061-00013760-00014326 greenie oh oh ah to bring you get up to
+opMVRd0VUr4-00062-00014327-00014605 views of the world come on oh can you
+opMVRd0VUr4-00063-00014606-00014938 make it don't be don't be putting that
+opMVRd0VUr4-00064-00014938-00015337 pressure on our venial finest don't be
+opMVRd0VUr4-00065-00015338-00015733 don't be a fine Sanchez Sanchez use your
+opMVRd0VUr4-00066-00015734-00015985 pace on chest come on never really use
+opMVRd0VUr4-00067-00015986-00016171 this guy before let's see what you can
+opMVRd0VUr4-00068-00016172-00016543 do oh sanchez there fakery design
+opMVRd0VUr4-00069-00016544-00016888 choices fruit suggest oh it comes off
+opMVRd0VUr4-00070-00016889-00017071 the post from Sanchez but we still
+opMVRd0VUr4-00071-00017072-00017244 managed to put it in I think that was
+opMVRd0VUr4-00072-00017245-00017452 the silver locks oh and yeah we'll run
+opMVRd0VUr4-00073-00017453-00017884 along no my man get away that's too
+opMVRd0VUr4-00074-00017885-00018238 close no oh my days at kickball is gonna
+opMVRd0VUr4-00075-00018239-00018625 score from the Reebok a Sanchez ah come
+opMVRd0VUr4-00076-00018626-00019021 on Sanchez such as look at him it just
+opMVRd0VUr4-00077-00019022-00019252 doesn't care he doesn't care who you are
+opMVRd0VUr4-00078-00019253-00019509 he just goes through such as a shoot oh
+opMVRd0VUr4-00079-00019510-00020037 he shot is blocked off Sanchez Sanchez
+opMVRd0VUr4-00080-00020038-00020419 Sanchez outside chance ahaha puts it to
+opMVRd0VUr4-00081-00020420-00020584 the keepers and you're getting closer
+opMVRd0VUr4-00082-00020585-00020884 and closer Oh what was that nan goldin
+opMVRd0VUr4-00083-00020885-00021415 pass Sanchez Sanchez Sanchez the keeper
+opMVRd0VUr4-00084-00021416-00021661 is stopping all of Sanchez's attempt
+opMVRd0VUr4-00085-00021662-00021880 don't let my man through don't let
+opMVRd0VUr4-00086-00021881-00022063 anyone through it that come on zune Igor
+opMVRd0VUr4-00087-00022064-00022246 the great defending their guys well it
+opMVRd0VUr4-00088-00022247-00022402 really dominating in this game we've got
+opMVRd0VUr4-00089-00022403-00022567 more possession more shots on target we
+opMVRd0VUr4-00090-00022568-00022750 need to score more goals let's jump into
+opMVRd0VUr4-00091-00022751-00023110 the second half Sanchez receives it boom
+opMVRd0VUr4-00092-00023111-00023527 Sanchez oh if you'd gotten through their
+opMVRd0VUr4-00093-00023528-00023844 luck so find Sanchez Sanchez with the
+opMVRd0VUr4-00094-00023845-00024444 finesse side chairs are come on luck saw
+opMVRd0VUr4-00095-00024445-00024727 a while for a silver what he actually
+opMVRd0VUr4-00096-00024728-00024892 got in front of him and took that often
+opMVRd0VUr4-00097-00024893-00025063 nicely side all always getting a free
+opMVRd0VUr4-00098-00025064-00025465 kick there don't let and cross oh what a
+opMVRd0VUr4-00099-00025466-00025977 sea by Buffon all my days one side
+opMVRd0VUr4-00100-00025979-00026415 chairs come on use that piece look at
+opMVRd0VUr4-00101-00026416-00026544 him go
+opMVRd0VUr4-00102-00026545-00027069 okay I'm Sanchez Oh into the keepers
+opMVRd0VUr4-00103-00027070-00027726 hands damn ok wind up okay just get
+opMVRd0VUr4-00104-00027727-00028202 there there we go what a taco lynchin
+opMVRd0VUr4-00105-00028204-00028449 steiner is actually a beast guys okay
+opMVRd0VUr4-00106-00028450-00028833 Sanchez keep it going Sanchez don't give
+opMVRd0VUr4-00107-00028833-00029151 up oh look at me wins it back he doesn't
+opMVRd0VUr4-00108-00029152-00029580 care come on Sanchez oh my days who is
+opMVRd0VUr4-00109-00029581-00029945 this dude who is this dude oh come on
+opMVRd0VUr4-00110-00029947-00030245 who is thus too seriously guys all my
+opMVRd0VUr4-00111-00030247-00030450 freaking data can't believe it its core
+opMVRd0VUr4-00112-00030451-00030774 there oh my day this Sanchez do is a
+opMVRd0VUr4-00113-00030775-00031264 hidden gem and Golan searchin Gervinho
+opMVRd0VUr4-00114-00031266-00031558 looking for support don't be is there
+opMVRd0VUr4-00115-00031560-00031800 that was supposed to go to doom be oh
+opMVRd0VUr4-00116-00031801-00031970 come on Jovie knew you got bear passing
+opMVRd0VUr4-00117-00031972-00032114 than that that's the end of the game
+opMVRd0VUr4-00118-00032116-00032397 guys finish is one-nil man of the match
+opMVRd0VUr4-00119-00032398-00032580 was surprisingly boon fun in that game
+opMVRd0VUr4-00120-00032581-00032748 for us only goal scored actually came
+opMVRd0VUr4-00121-00032749-00032973 from a silver call axle which is insane
+opMVRd0VUr4-00122-00032974-00033198 once again this is the full team again
+opMVRd0VUr4-00123-00033199-00033363 for anyone to try out Luke rush around
+opMVRd0VUr4-00124-00033364-00033612 about 25k mainly because dumby has gone
+opMVRd0VUr4-00125-00033613-00033801 for round 12 k coins will probably drop
+opMVRd0VUr4-00126-00033802-00033954 in the future nevertheless it's still
+opMVRd0VUr4-00127-00033955-00034161 cheap and definitely obtain to try out
+opMVRd0VUr4-00128-00034162-00034329 this place in there like Sanchez there
+opMVRd0VUr4-00129-00034330-00034485 I'm sure love you guys haven't used it
+opMVRd0VUr4-00130-00034486-00034686 before definitely giving me at Rikers in
+opMVRd0VUr4-00131-00034687-00034839 my opinion is a hidden gem and yeah
+opMVRd0VUr4-00132-00034840-00035001 that's pretty much it for this video if
+opMVRd0VUr4-00133-00035002-00035181 you enjoy don't forget to drop a like as
+opMVRd0VUr4-00134-00035182-00035361 I'll be very much appreciated subscribe
+opMVRd0VUr4-00135-00035362-00035526 if you are new for more content if you
+opMVRd0VUr4-00136-00035527-00035658 want to talk to me you can find me on
+opMVRd0VUr4-00137-00035659-00035874 Twitter snapchat Instagram all links are
+opMVRd0VUr4-00138-00035875-00036039 down in the description and for today
+opMVRd0VUr4-00139-00036040-00036216 this is team are timing out thanks for
+opMVRd0VUr4-00140-00036217-00036633 watching guys and see this is the end of
+opMVRd0VUr4-00141-00036634-00036781 the video ha
+opMVRd0VUr4-00142-00036782-00036963 if you enjoy this comment and subscribe
+opMVRd0VUr4-00143-00036964-00037195 want to see more don't forget to leave a
+opMVRd0VUr4-00144-00037196-00037474 like know what this is tema turning
+opMVRd0VUr4-00145-00037475-00037696 power
+oOIAqTnrguM-00000-00000000-00000269 hi there have you ever dreamed of adding
+oOIAqTnrguM-00001-00000270-00000580 some AI in your stm32 projects without
+oOIAqTnrguM-00002-00000581-00000862 any software installation and be able to
+oOIAqTnrguM-00003-00000863-00001085 find automatically your most suitable
+oOIAqTnrguM-00004-00001086-00001319 Hardware without any physical board on
+oOIAqTnrguM-00005-00001320-00001607 your desk well at St we have what you
+oOIAqTnrguM-00006-00001607-00001901 need with the world first AI developer
+oOIAqTnrguM-00007-00001902-00002345 Cloud for stm32 mcus it's called stm32
+oOIAqTnrguM-00008-00002346-00002639 tube.ai developer cloud and it's the
+oOIAqTnrguM-00009-00002640-00002926 first of a kind in the industry a set of
+oOIAqTnrguM-00010-00002927-00003197 AI optimization tools and services to
+oOIAqTnrguM-00011-00003198-00003467 help you impairment AI quickly and
+oOIAqTnrguM-00012-00003468-00003838 easily on ustm32 to get started all you
+oOIAqTnrguM-00013-00003839-00004115 have to do is to connect and log in it's
+oOIAqTnrguM-00014-00004116-00004379 a pure digital experience with an online
+oOIAqTnrguM-00015-00004380-00004649 interface which data scientists and AI
+oOIAqTnrguM-00016-00004650-00004877 developer will definitely love the
+oOIAqTnrguM-00017-00004878-00005086 second importance elements is The
+oOIAqTnrguM-00018-00005087-00005411 Benchmark service leveraging stm32 both
+oOIAqTnrguM-00019-00005412-00005711 Farm all around the world users can now
+oOIAqTnrguM-00020-00005712-00005963 remotely evaluate their AI code on a
+oOIAqTnrguM-00021-00005964-00006395 brand range of stm32 mcus you will be
+oOIAqTnrguM-00022-00006396-00006719 able to extract a Tracy latency RAM and
+oOIAqTnrguM-00023-00006720-00006953 Flash size straight from the tool within
+oOIAqTnrguM-00024-00006954-00007139 minutes and of course with no Hardware
+oOIAqTnrguM-00025-00007140-00007355 on your desk this is unique on the
+oOIAqTnrguM-00026-00007356-00007601 market for silicon bundles and we are
+oOIAqTnrguM-00027-00007602-00007864 quite proud of it to further accelerate
+oOIAqTnrguM-00028-00007865-00008063 your application prototyping the
+oOIAqTnrguM-00029-00008064-00008273 developer Cloud comes along with an
+oOIAqTnrguM-00030-00008274-00008674 stm32 model zoo on GitHub it includes a
+oOIAqTnrguM-00031-00008675-00008933 repository of models training scripts an
+oOIAqTnrguM-00032-00008934-00009227 application code examples to make data
+oOIAqTnrguM-00033-00009228-00009467 scientists lives easier in fact it's
+oOIAqTnrguM-00034-00009468-00009713 what we are demonstrating here
+oOIAqTnrguM-00035-00009714-00009953 look it has never been so simple to
+oOIAqTnrguM-00036-00009954-00010241 generate application with AI inside here
+oOIAqTnrguM-00037-00010242-00010528 we are showcasing a concrete example of
+oOIAqTnrguM-00038-00010529-00010799 an application coming from the stm32
+oOIAqTnrguM-00039-00010800-00010913 model Zoo
+oOIAqTnrguM-00040-00010914-00011183 as you can see it's for end posture
+oOIAqTnrguM-00041-00011184-00011399 recognition and recognized seven
+oOIAqTnrguM-00042-00011400-00011705 different gestures captured without time
+oOIAqTnrguM-00043-00011706-00012142 of light sensor the VR 53 L5 all the
+oOIAqTnrguM-00044-00012143-00012467 data processing is done on the stm32f4
+oOIAqTnrguM-00045-00012468-00012701 microcontroller which reduces power
+oOIAqTnrguM-00046-00012702-00012916 consumption and ensure the lowest
+oOIAqTnrguM-00047-00012917-00013241 possible latency also we show how it is
+oOIAqTnrguM-00048-00013241-00013486 possible to retrain the model adding new
+oOIAqTnrguM-00049-00013487-00013799 classes and generating code easily with
+oOIAqTnrguM-00050-00013800-00014225 the stm32 tube.ai developer Cloud so if
+oOIAqTnrguM-00051-00014226-00014399 you want to know more on this brand new
+oOIAqTnrguM-00052-00014400-00014615 online software please contact your
+oOIAqTnrguM-00053-00014616-00014891 local St representative or visit our
+oOIAqTnrguM-00054-00014891-00015208 dedicated product webpage on st.com talk
+oOIAqTnrguM-00055-00015209-00015407 to you soon
+oOIAqTnrguM-00056-00015408-00015557 [Music]
+oOIAqTnrguM-00057-00015558-00015841 foreign
+oOIAqTnrguM-00058-00015843-00016053 [Music]
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00000-00000000-00000157 the Scottish Parliament's presiding
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00001-00000158-00000377 officer in miniature Lego form as the
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00002-00000378-00000532 program for this year's festival of
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00003-00000533-00000788 politics is unveiled this year's summer
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00004-00000789-00001007 lineup in Holyrood explores the building
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00005-00001008-00001258 blocks of democracy featuring tox panel
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00006-00001259-00001525 discussions free access to a cafe bar in
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00007-00001526-00001768 the garden lobby and for the first time
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00008-00001769-00002012 family events like the construction of a
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00009-00002013-00002284 giant Lego map of Scotland well this
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00010-00002285-00002429 year the theme of the festival of
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00011-00002430-00002573 politics is the architecture of
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00012-00002574-00002765 democracy and hopefully it will have
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00013-00002766-00003016 something for everyone we've got the
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00014-00003017-00003170 American presidential elections we've
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00015-00003171-00003368 got how to be a spin doctor will get
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00016-00003369-00003547 interviews with Vince Cable but will
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00017-00003548-00003779 also have fun for all the family we've
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00018-00003779-00004070 got a Lego map of Scotland is the idea
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00019-00004071-00004300 of building democracy one step at a time
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00020-00004301-00004547 festival of politics runs from Thursday
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00021-00004548-00004763 18th of August until saturday 20th
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00022-00004764-00005000 August you can find the full festival
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00023-00005001-00005145 programme on our dedicated website
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00024-00005146-00005366 including information on how to book
+oRbQ1z4PqxY-00025-00005367-00005612 tickets
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00000-00001037-00001366 The Guardian stands except Allah dyes
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00001-00001367-00001810 gems from Allah died at 1644 speak to
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00002-00001811-00001939 the bank manager
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00003-00001941-00002183 the sigil I just gave you should grant
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00004-00002184-00002467 access there may still be Ward's
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00005-00002468-00002743 guarding the vault so be careful
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00006-00002744-00003010 travel south 250 789 then click the port
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00007-00003011-00004460 dollar on
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00008-00004461-00004707 [Music]
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00009-00004708-00004974 Charl Northwest to the northern bank at
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00010-00004975-00006678 51:22
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00011-00006679-00006945 speak with Latonia to request access to
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00012-00006947-00008434 alle dyes personal vault
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00013-00008435-00008873 it seems you bear his sigil how'd you
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00014-00008874-00009530 manage that well follow her and click on
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00015-00009531-00009821 the portal
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00016-00009822-00010055 you tell that big lug bet if he ever
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00017-00010056-00010280 wants to pick up where we left off he
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00018-00010281-00010409 can pay me a visit
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00019-00010410-00011407 I'm here every day whatever the hour
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00020-00011408-00011624 avoid the Guardian work while you
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00022-00016204-00017017 teleport to your order halt
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00023-00017018-00017558 [Music]
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00024-00017559-00017769 Showell north up the stairs to
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00025-00017770-00018064 coordinates 60 45
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00026-00018065-00018862 [Music]
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00027-00018863-00019013 turn the quest
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00028-00019014-00019718 Aled I am I needed as the council
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00029-00019719-00019772 command
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00030-00019773-00020027 I trust the Baroness was still there I
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00031-00020028-00020419 don't know how old that Elfi is I'm
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00032-00020420-00020912 pretty sure she's a goblin now I suppose
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00033-00020913-00021164 even Astro entities need a change of
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00034-00021165-00021491 pace now and again it's still a she
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00035-00021492-00022148 though right
+oUvwXyeAPmY-00036-00022149-00022972 [Music]
+oVRsU6noNxu-00000-00000024-00000281 I really love my Wilkins coffee you want
+oVRsU6noNxu-00001-00000282-00000484 to see a psychiatrist I did that's who
+oVRsU6noNxu-00002-00000486-00000695 told me about Wilkins I used to love my
+oVRsU6noNxu-00003-00000696-00000989 raincoat
+oVRsU6noNxu-00004-00000990-00001258 Wilkins coffee is on the ball not to me
+oVRsU6noNxu-00005-00001259-00001450 it didn't either get on the ball with
+oVRsU6noNxu-00006-00001451-00001889 Wilkins or get out of the way
+oVRsU6noNxu-00007-00001889-00002065 oh boy Robert
+oVRsU6noNxu-00008-00002066-00002537 gets coffee all over your toilet
+oVRsU6noNxu-00009-00002538-00002873 we might not be kids coffee oh my I'm
+oVRsU6noNxu-00010-00002874-00003098 sure
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00000-00000050-00000320 satire is a genre of literature and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00001-00000321-00000548 sometimes graphic and performing arts in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00002-00000549-00000773 which vices follies abuses and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00003-00000774-00000931 shortcomings are held up to ridicule
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00004-00000932-00001145 ideally with the intent of shaming
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00005-00001146-00001382 individuals corporations government or
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00006-00001383-00001655 society itself into improvement although
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00007-00001655-00001880 satire is usually meant to be humorous
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00008-00001880-00002054 its greater purpose as often
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00009-00002055-00002282 constructive social criticism using wit
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00010-00002283-00002489 to draw attention to both particular and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00011-00002490-00002804 wider issues in society a feature of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00012-00002805-00003071 satire is strong irony or sarcasm in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00013-00003072-00003463 satire irony is militant but parody
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00014-00003464-00003734 burlesque exaggeration juxtaposition
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00015-00003735-00004010 comparison analogy and double entendre
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00016-00004011-00004202 are all frequently used in satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00017-00004203-00004579 speech and writing this militant irony
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00018-00004580-00004813 or sarcasm often professes to approve of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00019-00004814-00005018 or at least accept as natural the very
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00020-00005019-00005260 things the satirist wishes to attack
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00021-00005261-00005504 satire is nowadays found in many
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00022-00005505-00005695 artistic forms of expression including
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00023-00005696-00005929 internet memes literature plays
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00024-00005930-00006188 commentary television shows and media
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00025-00006189-00006664 such as lyrics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00026-00006665-00007164 pick etymology and roots
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00027-00007165-00007402 the word satire comes from the latin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00028-00007403-00007576 word satyr in the subsequent phrase
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00029-00007577-00007959 lange satura satyr meant full but the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00030-00007961-00008148 juxtaposition with lengths shifted the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00031-00008150-00008446 meaning to miscellany or medley the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00032-00008447-00008656 expression length cetera literally means
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00033-00008657-00008926 a full dish of various kinds of fruits
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00034-00008927-00009210 the word cetera as used by Quintilian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00035-00009211-00009435 however was used to denote only Roman
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00036-00009436-00009676 verse satire a strict genre that imposed
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00037-00009677-00009898 hexameter form a narrower genre than
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00038-00009899-00010110 what would be later intended as satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00039-00010111-00010371 Quintilian famously said that cetera
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00040-00010372-00010641 that is a satire in hexameter verses was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00041-00010642-00010855 a literary genre of Holy Roman origin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00042-00010856-00011158 cetera tota no stressed he was aware of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00043-00011159-00011391 and commented on Greek satire but at the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00044-00011392-00011563 time did not label it as such although
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00045-00011564-00011808 today the origin of satire is considered
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00046-00011809-00012102 to be Aristophanes old comedy the first
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00047-00012103-00012412 critic to use the term satire in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00048-00012413-00012630 modern broader sense was a Peleus to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00049-00012631-00012828 Quintilian the satire was a strict
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00050-00012829-00013044 literary form but the term soon escaped
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00051-00013045-00013227 from the original narrow definition
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00052-00013228-00013584 Robert Elliot writes as soon as a noun
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00053-00013585-00013783 enters the domain of metaphor as one
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00054-00013784-00013963 modern scholar has pointed out it
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00055-00013963-00014181 clambers for extension and satura which
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00056-00014182-00014425 had had no verbal adverbial or adjective
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00057-00014426-00014611 forms was immediately broadened by
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00058-00014612-00014775 appropriation from the Greek word for
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00059-00014776-00015109 Seder satyros and its derivatives the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00060-00015110-00015312 odd result is that the English satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00061-00015313-00015650 comes from the Latin cetera but satirize
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00062-00015651-00016053 satiric etc are of Greek origin by about
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00063-00016054-00016305 the 4th century AD the writer of satires
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00064-00016306-00016492 came to be known as satirist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00065-00016493-00016719 st. Jerome for example was called by one
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00066-00016720-00016903 of his enemies a satirist in prose
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00067-00016904-00017233 satiric is scripter in prosze subsequent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00068-00017234-00017467 orthographic modifications obscured the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00069-00017468-00017703 Latin origin of the word satire satura
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00070-00017704-00017902 becomes say dura and in England by the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00071-00017903-00018294 sixteenth century it was written satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00072-00018295-00018552 the word satire derives from satura and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00073-00018553-00018732 its origin was not influenced by the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00074-00018733-00018930 Greek mythological figure of the Seder
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00075-00018931-00019158 in the 17th century
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00076-00019159-00019368 Felisha sties ik castle bond was the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00077-00019369-00019590 first to dispute the etymology of satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00078-00019591-00019812 from seder contrary to the belief up to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00079-00019813-00020211 that time
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00080-00020212-00020466 topic humor
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00081-00020467-00020655 you
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00082-00020656-00020853 laughter is not an essential component
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00083-00020854-00021090 of satire in fact there are types of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00084-00021091-00021378 satire that are not meant to be funny at
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00085-00021379-00021414 all
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00086-00021415-00021693 conversely not all humor even on such
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00087-00021694-00021921 topics as politics religion or art as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00088-00021922-00022260 necessarily satirical even when it uses
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00089-00022261-00022497 the satirical tools of irony parody and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00090-00022498-00022830 burlesque even light-hearted satire has
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00091-00022831-00023157 a serious aftertaste the organizers of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00092-00023158-00023372 the Ig Nobel Prize described this as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00093-00023373-00023633 first make people laugh and then make
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00094-00023634-00024044 them think
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00095-00024045-00024699 topic social and psychological functions
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00096-00024700-00024972 satire and irony in some cases have been
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00097-00024973-00025173 regarded as the most effective source to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00098-00025174-00025401 understand a society the oldest form of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00099-00025402-00025668 social study they provide the keenest
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00100-00025669-00025889 insights into a groups collective psyche
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00101-00025891-00026112 reveal its deepest values and tastes and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00102-00026113-00026394 the society structures of power some
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00103-00026395-00026631 authors have regarded satire as superior
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00104-00026632-00026817 to non comic and non artistic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00105-00026818-00027006 disciplines like history or anthropology
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00106-00027007-00027308 in a prominent example from ancient
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00107-00027310-00027462 Greece philosopher Plato
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00108-00027463-00027651 when asked by a friend for a book to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00109-00027652-00027882 understand Athenian society referred him
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00110-00027883-00028001 to the plays of Aristophanes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00111-00028002-00028263 historically satire has satisfied the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00112-00028264-00028488 popular need to debunk and ridicule the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00113-00028489-00028686 leading figures in politics economy
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00114-00028687-00028914 religion and other prominent realms of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00115-00028914-00029238 power satire confronts public discourse
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00116-00029239-00029445 in the collective imaginary playing as a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00117-00029445-00029667 public opinion counterweight to power be
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00118-00029668-00029952 it political economic religious symbolic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00119-00029952-00030162 or otherwise by challenging leaders and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00120-00030163-00030432 authorities for instance it forces
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00121-00030433-00030660 administration's to clarify amend or
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00122-00030661-00030981 establish their policies satires job as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00123-00030982-00031143 to expose problems and contradictions
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00124-00031144-00031377 and it's not obligated to solve them
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00125-00031377-00031664 Karl Kraus said in the history of satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00126-00031666-00031889 a prominent example of a satirist role
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00127-00031891-00032106 is confronting public discourse for its
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00128-00032107-00032292 nature and social role satire has
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00129-00032293-00032529 enjoyed in many societies a special
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00130-00032530-00032696 freedom license to mock prominent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00131-00032697-00033000 individuals and institutions the satiric
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00132-00033001-00033213 impulse and its ritualized expressions
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00133-00033214-00033381 carry out the function of resolving
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00134-00033382-00033660 social tension institutions like the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00135-00033661-00033858 ritual clowns by giving expression to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00136-00033859-00034080 the antisocial tendencies represent a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00137-00034081-00034275 safety valve which reestablishes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00138-00034276-00034464 equilibrium and health in the collective
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00139-00034465-00034656 imaginary which are jeopardized by the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00140-00034657-00034878 repressive aspects of society the state
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00141-00034879-00035133 of political satire in a given society
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00142-00035134-00035337 reflects the tolerance or intolerance
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00143-00035338-00035520 that characterizes it and the state of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00144-00035521-00035786 civil liberties and human rights under
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00145-00035787-00036060 totalitarian regimes any criticism of a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00146-00036061-00036279 political system and especially satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00147-00036280-00036596 is suppressed a typical example as the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00148-00036597-00036804 Soviet Union where the dissidents such
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00149-00036805-00037011 as Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Andrei
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00150-00037012-00037194 Sakharov were under strong pressure from
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00151-00037195-00037458 the government while satire of everyday
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00152-00037459-00037715 life in the USSR was allowed the most
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00153-00037716-00037952 prominent satirist being arkady RIKEN
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00154-00037953-00038082 political satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00155-00038083-00038268 existed in the form of anecdotes that
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00156-00038269-00038460 made fun of Soviet political leaders
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00157-00038461-00038679 especially Brezhnev famous for his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00158-00038680-00038868 narrow mindedness and love for awards
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00159-00038869-00039319 and decorations
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00160-00039320-00039934 topic classifications satire is a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00161-00039935-00040135 diverse genre which is complex to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00162-00040136-00040366 classify and define with a wide range of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00163-00040367-00040824 satiric modes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00164-00040825-00041485 topic for Asian juvenalian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00165-00041486-00041711 satirical literature can commonly be
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00166-00041712-00041890 categorized as either her ation
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00167-00041891-00042371 juvenalian or
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00168-00042372-00042758 topic / Asian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00169-00042759-00042995 for Asian satire named for the Roman
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00170-00042996-00043358 satirist Horace 65 to 8 BCE playfully
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00171-00043359-00043545 criticizes some social vice through
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00172-00043546-00043762 gentle mild and light-hearted humor
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00173-00043763-00044045 Horace Quintus Horatius flaccus wrote
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00174-00044046-00044264 satires to gently ridicule the dominant
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00175-00044265-00044510 opinions and philosophical beliefs of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00176-00044511-00044829 ancient Rome in Greece Rankin rather
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00177-00044830-00045044 than writing in harsh or accusing tones
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00178-00045045-00045233 he addressed issues with humour and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00179-00045234-00045551 clever mockery for Asian satire follows
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00180-00045552-00045801 this same pattern of gently ridiculing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00181-00045802-00046019 the absurdities and follies of human
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00182-00046020-00046283 beings Drewry it directs wit
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00183-00046284-00046542 exaggeration and self-deprecating humor
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00184-00046543-00046712 toward what it identifies as folly
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00185-00046713-00046985 rather than evil creation satires
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00186-00046986-00047186 sympathetic tone is common in modern
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00187-00047187-00047457 society a her Asian satirist goal is to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00188-00047458-00047654 heal the situation with smiles rather
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00189-00047655-00047942 than by anger for Asian satire as a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00190-00047943-00048117 gentle reminder to take life less
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00191-00048118-00048413 seriously and evokes a wry smile a her
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00192-00048414-00048620 Asian satirist makes fun of general
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00193-00048621-00048810 human folly rather than engaging in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00194-00048811-00049012 specific or personal attacks
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00195-00049013-00049361 Shemekia Thomas suggests in a work using
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00196-00049362-00049637 her Asian satire readers often laugh at
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00197-00049638-00049826 the characters in the story who are the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00198-00049827-00050021 subject of mockery as well as themselves
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00199-00050022-00050383 in society for behaving in those ways
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00200-00050384-00050630 Alexander Pope has been established as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00201-00050631-00050876 an author whose satire heals with morals
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00202-00050877-00051198 what it hurts with wit Green Alexander
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00203-00051199-00051512 Pope and her Asian satire attempt to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00204-00051513-00052015 teach examples the Ig Nobel Prizes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00205-00052016-00052366 bierce Ambrose the devil's dictionary
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00206-00052367-00052791 Defoe Daniel the trueborn Englishman the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00207-00052791-00053044 Savoy operas of Gilbert and Sullivan
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00208-00053045-00053362 trollop Anthony the way we live now
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00209-00053363-00053768 Gogol Nikolay Dead Souls graining
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00210-00053769-00054218 Matthew Matt The Simpsons Lewis Clive
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00211-00054219-00054540 staples the Screwtape Letters Mercer
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00212-00054541-00054887 Richard Rick the Rick Mercer report Pope
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00213-00054888-00055226 Alexander the rape of the lock Reiner
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00214-00055227-00055523 Rob this is spinal tap
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00215-00055524-00055697 Wayne Marc Adventures of Huckleberry
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00216-00055698-00056079 Finn
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00217-00056080-00056501 topic juvenalian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00218-00056502-00056767 juvenalian satire named for the writings
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00219-00056769-00056954 of the roman satirist juvenile late
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00220-00056954-00057236 first century early second century AD is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00221-00057237-00057434 more contemptuous and abrasive than the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00222-00057435-00057688 her ation juvenile disagreed with the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00223-00057689-00057869 opinions of the public figures and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00224-00057870-00058040 institutions of the Republic and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00225-00058041-00058175 actively attacked them through his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00226-00058176-00058426 literature he utilized the satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00227-00058427-00058685 tools of exaggeration and parody to make
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00228-00058686-00058876 his targets appear monstrous and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00229-00058877-00059246 incompetent pods Emmie juvenile satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00230-00059247-00059459 follows this same pattern of abrasively
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00231-00059460-00059729 ridiculing societal structures juvenile
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00232-00059729-00059963 also unlike Horace attacked public
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00233-00059964-00060173 officials and governmental organisations
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00234-00060174-00060347 through his satires regarding their
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00235-00060348-00060505 opinions as not just wrong
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00236-00060507-00060779 but evil following in this tradition
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00237-00060779-00061016 juvenalian satire addresses perceived
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00238-00061016-00061244 social evil through scorn outraged and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00239-00061245-00061511 savage ridicule this form is often
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00240-00061512-00061729 pessimistic characterized by the use of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00241-00061730-00062000 irony sarcasm moral indignation and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00242-00062001-00062207 personal invective with less emphasis on
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00243-00062208-00062455 humor strongly polarized political
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00244-00062457-00062692 satire can often be classified as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00245-00062694-00062926 juvenalian a juvenile satirist goal is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00246-00062927-00063079 generally to provoke some sort of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00247-00063080-00063296 political or societal change because he
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00248-00063297-00063500 sees his opponent or object as evil or
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00249-00063501-00063775 harmful a juvenile satirist mocks
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00250-00063776-00064024 societal structure power and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00251-00064025-00064346 civilization thomas by exaggerating the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00252-00064347-00064529 words or position of his opponent in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00253-00064529-00064705 order to jeopardize their opponents
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00254-00064707-00065012 reputation and/or power Jonathan Swift
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00255-00065013-00065198 has been established as an author who
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00256-00065199-00065399 borrowed heavily from juveniles
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00257-00065400-00065573 techniques in his critique of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00258-00065574-00065938 contemporary English society puds and me
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00259-00065939-00066176 examples Barnes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00260-00066177-00066538 Julian Inland England baby Paul the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00261-00066539-00067038 sell-out Bradbury ray Fahrenheit 451
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00262-00067039-00067448 Brooker Charlie Black Mirror Bulgakov
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00263-00067449-00067838 mikail part of a dog burgess Anthony a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00264-00067839-00068051 Clockwork Orange
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00265-00068052-00068450 burro's William Naked Lunch Byron George
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00266-00068451-00068726 Gordon Lord Don Juan
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00267-00068727-00069026 cook a benissa the SOT weed factor or a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00268-00069027-00069347 voyage to Maryland a satire in which is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00269-00069348-00069575 described the loss government courts and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00270-00069576-00069779 constitutions of the country and also
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00271-00069780-00069986 the buildings feasts frolics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00272-00069987-00070213 entertainments and drunken humors of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00273-00070214-00070429 inhabitants in that part of America
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00274-00070430-00070780 Ellis Bret Easton American Psycho
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00275-00070781-00071176 Golding William Lord of the Flies Paul
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00276-00071177-00071542 Joseph Birgitta Mirim Heller Joseph
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00277-00071543-00072037 catch-22 Huxley Aldous brave new world
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00278-00072038-00072359 Johnson Samuel London an adaptation of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00279-00072360-00072772 juvenile third satire Junius letters
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00280-00072773-00073196 Kubrick Stanley dr. Strangelove Menken
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00281-00073197-00073580 HL libido for the ugly Morris Chris
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00282-00073581-00074074 brass I the day-to-day or well George
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00283-00074075-00074542 1984 or well George Animal Farm
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00284-00074543-00074915 Palani ik Chuck Fight Club Swift
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00285-00074916-00075284 Jonathan a modest proposal Zumaya 'den
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00286-00075285-00075925 yevgeniy we Voltaire Candide
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00287-00075926-00076298 topic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00288-00076299-00076807 see manipulate I
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00289-00076808-00077360 topic satire versus teasing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00290-00077361-00077561 in the history of theater there has
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00291-00077562-00077693 always been a conflict between
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00292-00077694-00077942 engagement and disengagement on politics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00293-00077943-00078179 and relevant issue between satire and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00294-00078180-00078383 grotesque on one side and just with
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00295-00078384-00078668 teasing on the other max Eastman defined
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00296-00078669-00078863 the spectrum of satire in terms of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00297-00078864-00079172 degrees of biting as ranging from satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00298-00079173-00079487 proper at the hot end and kidding at the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00299-00079488-00079685 violet end Eastman adopted the term
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00300-00079686-00079889 kidding to denote what is just satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00301-00079890-00080087 in form but is not really firing at the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00302-00080088-00080354 target Nobel laureate satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00303-00080355-00080546 playwright dario fo pointed out the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00304-00080547-00080741 difference between satire and teasing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00305-00080742-00081059 photo teasing is the reactionary side of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00306-00081060-00081266 the comic it limits itself to a shallow
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00307-00081267-00081551 parody of physical appearance the side
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00308-00081552-00081737 effect of teasing is that it humanizes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00309-00081738-00081917 and draws sympathy for the powerful
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00310-00081918-00082162 individual towards which it is directed
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00311-00082163-00082433 satire instead uses the comic to go
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00312-00082434-00082622 against power in its oppressions has a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00313-00082623-00082799 subversive character and a moral
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00314-00082800-00083000 dimension which draws judgment against
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00315-00083001-00083246 its targets though formulated an
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00316-00083247-00083444 operational criterion to tell real
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00317-00083445-00083669 satire from photo saying that real
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00318-00083670-00083909 satire arouses an outraged and violent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00319-00083910-00084065 reaction and that the more they try to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00320-00084066-00084251 stop you the better is the job you are
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00321-00084252-00084521 doing folk contends that historically
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00322-00084522-00084716 people in positions of power have
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00323-00084717-00084890 welcomed and encouraged good-humoured
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00324-00084891-00085085 buffoonery while modern-day people in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00325-00085086-00085274 positions of power have tried to censor
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00326-00085275-00085535 ostracize and repress satire teasing's
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00327-00085536-00085745 photo is an ancient form of simple
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00328-00085746-00085925 buffoonery a form of comedy without
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00329-00085926-00086234 satire subversive edge teasing includes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00330-00086235-00086393 light and affectionate parody
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00331-00086394-00086570 good-humoured mockery simple
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00332-00086571-00086783 one-dimensional poking fun and benign
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00333-00086784-00087089 spoofs teasing typically consists of an
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00334-00087090-00087272 impersonation of someone monkeying
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00335-00087273-00087497 around with his exterior attributes tics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00336-00087498-00087719 physical blemishes voice and mannerisms
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00337-00087720-00087968 quirks way of dressing and walking
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00338-00087969-00088190 and/or the phrases he typically repeats
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00339-00088191-00088487 by contrast teasing never touches on the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00340-00088488-00088664 core issue never makes a serious
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00341-00088665-00088892 criticism judging the target with irony
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00342-00088893-00089078 it never harms the targets conduct
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00343-00089079-00089282 ideology and position of power
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00344-00089283-00089471 it never undermines the perception of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00345-00089472-00089677 his morality and cultural dimension
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00346-00089678-00089918 photo directed towards a powerful
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00347-00089919-00090080 individual makes him appear more human
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00348-00090081-00090380 and draws sympathy towards him hermann
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00349-00090381-00090572 goering propagated jests and jokes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00350-00090573-00090731 against himself with the aim of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00351-00090732-00091117 humanizing his image
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00352-00091118-00091711 topic classifications by topics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00353-00091712-00091986 types of satire can also be classified
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00354-00091987-00092154 according to the topics it deals with
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00355-00092155-00092428 from the earliest times at least since
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00356-00092429-00092641 the plays of Aristophanes the primary
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00357-00092642-00092844 topics of literary satire have been
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00358-00092845-00093168 politics religion and sex this is partly
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00359-00093169-00093322 because these are the most pressing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00360-00093323-00093529 problems that affect anybody living in a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00361-00093530-00093756 society and partly because these topics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00362-00093757-00093876 are usually too bill
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00363-00093877-00094113 among these politics in the broader
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00364-00094114-00094263 sense has considered the preeminent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00365-00094264-00094623 topic of satire satire which targets the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00366-00094624-00094812 clergy as a type of political satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00367-00094813-00095035 while religious satire is that which
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00368-00095036-00095371 targets religious beliefs satire on sex
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00369-00095372-00095590 may overlap with blue comedy off-color
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00370-00095591-00095923 humor and dick jokes scatology has a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00371-00095924-00096192 long literary association with satire as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00372-00096193-00096363 it is a classical mode of the grotesque
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00373-00096364-00096588 the grotesque body in the satiric
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00374-00096589-00096859 grotesque plays a fundamental role
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00375-00096860-00097078 in satire because it symbolizes death
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00376-00097079-00097366 the turd being the ultimate dead object
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00377-00097367-00097666 the satirical comparison of individuals
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00378-00097667-00097851 or institutions with human excrement
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00379-00097852-00098091 exposes their inherent inertness
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00380-00098092-00098436 corruption and dead likeness the ritual
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00381-00098437-00098659 clowns of clown societies like among the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00382-00098660-00098854 Pueblo Indians have ceremonies with
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00383-00098855-00099115 filth eating in other cultures sin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00384-00099116-00099294 eating is an aperture piak right in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00385-00099295-00099496 which the Sin Eater also called filthy
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00386-00099497-00099681 eater by ingesting the food provided
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00387-00099682-00099942 takes upon himself the sins of The
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00388-00099943-00100257 Departed satire about death overlaps
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00389-00100258-00100491 with black humor and gallows humor
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00390-00100492-00100788 another classification by topics is the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00391-00100789-00100980 distinction between political satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00392-00100981-00101273 religious satire and satire of manners
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00393-00101274-00101521 political satire is sometimes called
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00394-00101522-00101781 topical satire satire of manners is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00395-00101782-00101998 sometimes called satire of everyday life
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00396-00101999-00102225 and religious satire is sometimes called
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00397-00102226-00102509 philosophical satire comedy of manners
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00398-00102510-00102786 sometimes also called satire of manners
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00399-00102788-00103008 criticizes mode of life of common people
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00400-00103009-00103233 political satire aims at behavior
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00401-00103234-00103450 manners of politicians and vices of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00402-00103451-00103776 political systems historically comedy of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00403-00103777-00103965 manners which first appeared in British
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00404-00103966-00104208 theatre in 1620 hasn't critically
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00405-00104209-00104385 accepted the social code of the upper
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00406-00104386-00104682 classes comedy in general accepts the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00407-00104683-00104881 rules of the social game while satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00408-00104882-00105082 subverts them another analysis
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00409-00105083-00105295 satire is the spectrum of his possible
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00410-00105296-00105551 tones wit ridicule irony sarcasm
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00411-00105552-00106094 cynicism the sardonic and invective
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00412-00106095-00106509 topic classifications by medium
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00413-00106510-00106675 you
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00414-00106676-00106908 satire is found not only in written
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00415-00106909-00107173 literary forms in preliterate cultures
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00416-00107174-00107413 it manifests itself in ritual and folk
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00417-00107414-00107638 forms as well as in trickster tales and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00418-00107639-00107890 oral poetry it appears also in graphic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00419-00107891-00108163 arts music sculpture dance cartoon
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00420-00108164-00108463 strips and graffiti examples are Dada
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00421-00108464-00108735 sculptures pop artworks music of Gilbert
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00422-00108736-00108970 & Sullivan and Erik Satie punk and rock
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00423-00108971-00109288 music in modern media culture stand-up
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00424-00109289-00109501 comedy as an end clave in which satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00425-00109502-00109672 can be introduced into mass media
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00426-00109673-00109981 challenging mainstream discourse comedy
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00427-00109982-00110194 roasts mock festivals and stand-up
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00428-00110195-00110415 comedians in nightclubs and concerts are
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00429-00110416-00110599 the modern forms of ancient satiric
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00430-00110600-00110951 rituals
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00431-00110952-00111464 topic development
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00432-00111465-00111823 topic ancient Egypt
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00433-00111824-00111972 you
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00434-00111973-00112206 one of the earliest examples of what we
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00435-00112207-00112409 might call satire the satire of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00436-00112410-00112610 trades is an Egyptian writing from the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00437-00112611-00112802 beginning of the second millennium BC
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00438-00112803-00113078 the texts apparent readers are students
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00439-00113079-00113309 tired of studying it argues that their
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00440-00113310-00113552 Ladas scribes is not only useful but far
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00441-00113553-00113771 superior to that of the ordinary man
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00442-00113772-00113997 scholars such as health think that the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00443-00113998-00114284 context was meant to be serious the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00444-00114285-00114440 papyrus Anastacio
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00445-00114441-00114681 late second millennium BC contains a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00446-00114682-00114890 satirical letter which first praises the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00447-00114891-00115076 virtues of its recipient but then mocks
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00448-00115077-00115218 the readers meager knowledge and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00449-00115219-00115555 achievement
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00450-00115556-00116061 topic ancient Greece
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00451-00116063-00116278 the Greeks had no word for what later
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00452-00116279-00116583 would be called satire although the term
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00453-00116584-00116854 cynicism and parody were used modern
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00454-00116855-00117013 critics call the Greek playwright
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00455-00117014-00117232 Aristophanes one of the best-known early
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00456-00117233-00117307 satirist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00457-00117308-00117472 his plays are known for their critical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00458-00117473-00117660 political and societal commentary
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00459-00117661-00117907 particularly for the political satire by
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00460-00117908-00118102 which he criticized the powerful Cleon
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00461-00118103-00118375 as in the nights he is also notable for
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00462-00118376-00118563 the persecution he underwent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00463-00118564-00118819 Aristophanes plays turned upon images of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00464-00118820-00119071 filth and disease his body style was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00465-00119072-00119275 adopted by Greek dramatist comedian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00466-00119276-00119506 Menander his early play drunkenness
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00467-00119507-00119695 contains an attack on the politician
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00468-00119696-00119989 Cala Madan the oldest form of satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00469-00119990-00120226 still in use as the manipulative I
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00470-00120227-00120540 manipulate our his own writings are lost
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00471-00120541-00120808 examples from his admirers and imitators
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00472-00120808-00120991 mix seriousness and mockery and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00473-00120992-00121207 dialogues and present parodies before a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00474-00121208-00121501 background of diatribe as in the case of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00475-00121502-00121777 Aristophanes plays manipulator nopon
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00476-00121778-00122209 images of filth and disease
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00477-00122210-00122707 topic Roman world
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00478-00122708-00122937 the first roman to discuss satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00479-00122938-00123147 critically was Quintilian who invented
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00480-00123148-00123309 the term to describe the writings of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00481-00123310-00123622 Gaius Lucilius the two most prominent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00482-00123623-00123834 and influential ancient Roman satirist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00483-00123835-00123999 Tsar Horace and juvenile who wrote
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00484-00124000-00124152 during the early days of the Roman
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00485-00124153-00124425 Empire other important satirist sin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00486-00124426-00124638 ancient Latin are Gaius Lucilius and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00487-00124639-00124897 Perseus satire in their work is much
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00488-00124898-00125064 wider than in the modern sense of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00489-00125065-00125283 word including fantastic and highly
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00490-00125284-00125470 colored humorous writing with little or
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00491-00125471-00125719 no real mocking intent when Horace
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00492-00125720-00125928 criticized Augustus he used veiled
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00493-00125929-00126247 ironic terms in contrast plenty reports
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00494-00126248-00126474 that the sixth century BC poet hippin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00495-00126475-00126670 Acts wrote Saturday that were so cruel
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00496-00126671-00126840 that the offended hanged themselves in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00497-00126841-00127093 the second century AD Lucien wrote true
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00498-00127094-00127306 history a book satirizing the clearly
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00499-00127307-00127519 unrealistic travelogues adventures
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00500-00127520-00127746 written by tshis I am beulas and Homer
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00501-00127747-00127993 he states that he was surprised they
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00502-00127994-00128160 expected people to believe their lies
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00503-00128161-00128368 and stating that he like they has no
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00504-00128369-00128581 actual knowledge or experience but shall
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00505-00128582-00128865 now tell lies as if he did he goes on to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00506-00128866-00129078 describe a far more obviously extreme
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00507-00129079-00129264 and unrealistic tale involving
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00508-00129265-00129498 interplanetary exploration war among
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00509-00129499-00129765 alien life-forms and life inside a 200
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00510-00129766-00129931 mile long whale back in the terrestrial
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00511-00129932-00130152 ocean all intended to make obvious the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00512-00130153-00130335 fallacies of books like indica and The
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00513-00130336-00130664 Odyssey
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00514-00130665-00131221 topic medieval Islamic world
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00515-00131222-00131478 medieval Arabic poetry included the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00516-00131479-00131775 satiric genre iha satire was introduced
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00517-00131776-00132003 into Arabic prose literature by the Afro
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00518-00132004-00132189 Arab author Alger Hiss in the ninth
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00519-00132190-00132421 century while dealing with serious
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00520-00132422-00132579 topics in what are now known as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00521-00132580-00132879 anthropology sociology and psychology he
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00522-00132880-00133123 introduced a satirical approach based on
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00523-00133124-00133329 the premise that however serious the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00524-00133330-00133551 subject under review it could be made
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00525-00133552-00133725 more interesting and thus achieved
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00526-00133726-00133950 greater effect if only one leavened the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00527-00133951-00134173 lump of solemnity by the insertion of a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00528-00134174-00134415 few amusing anecdotes or by the throwing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00529-00134416-00134608 out of some witty or paradoxical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00530-00134609-00134913 observations he was well aware that in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00531-00134914-00135114 treating of new themes in his prose
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00532-00135115-00135278 works he would have to employ a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00533-00135279-00135540 vocabulary of a nature more familiar in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00534-00135541-00135963 AHA satirical poetry for example in one
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00535-00135964-00136108 of his zoological works
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00536-00136109-00136297 he satirized the preference for longer
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00537-00136298-00136534 human penis size writing if the length
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00538-00136535-00136756 of the penis were a sign of honor then
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00539-00136757-00136945 the mule would belong to the honorable
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00540-00136946-00137323 tribe of Quraish another satirical story
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00541-00137324-00137524 based on this preference was an Arabian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00542-00137525-00137623 Nights tale called
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00543-00137624-00137923 Ali with the large member in the 10th
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00544-00137924-00138099 century the writer thought Allah be
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00545-00138100-00138319 recorded satirical poetry written by the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00546-00138320-00138564 Arabic poets as salami and Abu do loft
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00547-00138565-00138789 with a salami praising Abudu lips wide
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00548-00138790-00138958 breadth of knowledge and then mocking
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00549-00138959-00139140 his ability in all these subjects and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00550-00139141-00139362 with Abu doula responding back and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00551-00139363-00139581 satirizing as salami in return an
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00552-00139582-00139843 example of Arabic political satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00553-00139844-00140086 included another 10th century poet jarir
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00554-00140087-00140376 satirizing Ferris Dacus a transgressor
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00555-00140377-00140668 of the Sharia and later Arabic poets in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00556-00140669-00140988 turn using the term Ferris Dec like as a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00557-00140989-00141219 form of political satire the terms
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00558-00141220-00141631 comedy and satire became synonymous
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00559-00141632-00141919 after Aristotle's Poetics was translated
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00560-00141920-00142113 into Arabic in the medieval Islamic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00561-00142114-00142321 world where it was elaborated upon by
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00562-00142322-00142558 Islamic philosophers and writers such as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00563-00142559-00142863 Abu Bashar his pupil Al Farabi Avicenna
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00564-00142864-00143170 and Averroes due to cultural differences
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00565-00143171-00143388 they disassociated comedy from Greek
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00566-00143389-00143584 dramatic representation and instead
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00567-00143585-00143799 identified it with Arabic poetic themes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00568-00143800-00144065 and forms such as iha satirical poetry
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00569-00144066-00144375 they viewed comedy as simply the art of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00570-00144376-00144522 reprehensive
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00571-00144523-00144696 made no reference to light and cheerful
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00572-00144697-00144921 events or troubled beginnings and happy
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00573-00144922-00145149 endings associated with classical Greek
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00574-00145150-00145440 comedy after the Latin translations of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00575-00145441-00145754 the 12th century the term comedy thus
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00576-00145755-00145914 gained a new semantic meaning in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00577-00145915-00146109 medieval literature you bades Akane
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00578-00146110-00146310 introduced satire in Persian literature
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00579-00146311-00146625 during the 14th century his work is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00580-00146626-00146856 noted for its satire and obscene verses
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00581-00146857-00147108 often political or body and often cited
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00582-00147109-00147282 in debates involving homosexual
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00583-00147283-00147578 practices he wrote the risale-i Hidalgo
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00584-00147579-00147864 Xie as well as a collective ethics of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00585-00147865-00148149 the aristocracy and the famous humorous
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00586-00148150-00148410 fable mas Navi mush a gourmet mouse and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00587-00148411-00148719 cat which was a political satire his non
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00588-00148720-00148965 satirical serious classical verses have
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00589-00148966-00149151 also been regarded as very well written
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00590-00149152-00149337 in league with the other great works of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00591-00149338-00149811 Persian literature between 1905 and 1908
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00592-00149812-00150041 unas tara body and other iranian writers
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00593-00150042-00150506 wrote notable satires
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00594-00150507-00150967 topic medieval Europe
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00595-00150968-00151222 in the early middle ages examples of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00596-00151223-00151426 satire were the songs by goliad's or
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00597-00151427-00151609 Baggins now best known as an anthology
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00598-00151610-00151771 called Carmina Burana
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00599-00151772-00151924 and made famous as texts of a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00600-00151925-00152155 composition by the 20th century composer
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00601-00152156-00152283 Carl Orff
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00602-00152284-00152503 satirical poetry is believed to have
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00603-00152504-00152668 been popular although little has
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00604-00152669-00152911 survived with the advent of the high
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00605-00152912-00153070 middle ages in the birth of modern
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00606-00153071-00153274 vernacular literature in the 12th
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00607-00153275-00153493 century it began to be used again most
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00608-00153494-00153787 notably by Chaucer the disrespectful
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00609-00153788-00154012 manner was considered unchristian and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00610-00154013-00154249 ignored except for the moral satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00611-00154250-00154450 which mocked misbehavior in Christian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00612-00154451-00154527 terms
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00613-00154528-00154822 examples are livre de manners by Etienne
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00614-00154823-00155110 de feu jairs Tilda 1178 and some of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00615-00155111-00155292 Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00616-00155293-00155626 sometimes epic poetry ep OS was mocked
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00617-00155627-00155830 and even feudal society but there was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00618-00155831-00156298 hardly a general interest in the genre
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00619-00156299-00156898 topic early modern Western satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00620-00156899-00157174 direct social commentary via satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00621-00157175-00157384 returned with a vengeance in the 16th
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00622-00157385-00157609 century when farcical texts such as the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00623-00157610-00157834 works of Francois Rabelais tackled more
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00624-00157835-00158035 serious issues and incurred the wrath of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00625-00158036-00158364 the crown as a result two major satirist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00626-00158365-00158518 Sub Europe in the Renaissance were
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00627-00158519-00158773 Giovanni Boccaccio and Francois Rabelais
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00628-00158774-00159061 other examples of Renaissance satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00629-00159062-00159276 include till eulenspiegel Reynard the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00630-00159277-00159331 Fox
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00631-00159332-00159607 Sebastian Branson Aaron chef 1494
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00632-00159608-00159888 Erasmus is Moray and Coe meum 1509
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00633-00159889-00160234 Thomas More's utopia 1516 and Cora he
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00634-00160235-00160672 commedia 1519 the Elizabethan ie 16th
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00635-00160673-00160839 century English writers thought of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00636-00160840-00161032 satire is related to the notoriously
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00637-00161033-00161313 rude course and sharp satyr play
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00638-00161314-00161679 Elizabethan satire typically in pamphlet
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00639-00161680-00161838 form therefore contains more
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00640-00161839-00162049 straightforward abuse than subtle irony
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00641-00162050-00162322 the French Huguenot Isaac Castle bond
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00642-00162323-00162601 pointed out in 1605 that satire in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00643-00162602-00162760 Roman fashion was something altogether
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00644-00162761-00163084 more civilised castle bond discovered
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00645-00163085-00163266 and published quintillions writing and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00646-00163267-00163423 presented the original meaning of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00647-00163424-00163677 term cetera not Seder and the sense of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00648-00163678-00163897 wittiness reflecting the dish full of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00649-00163898-00164238 fruits became more important again 17th
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00650-00164239-00164466 century English satire once again aimed
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00651-00164467-00164887 at the amendment of Isis Dryden in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00652-00164888-00165153 1590s a new wave of vers satire broke
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00653-00165154-00165331 with the publication of halls virgin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00654-00165332-00165523 emiram six books of vers satires
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00655-00165524-00165729 targeting everything from literary fads
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00656-00165730-00165994 to corrupt noblemen although Dunn had
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00657-00165995-00166215 already circulated satires in manuscript
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00658-00166216-00166426 halls was the first real attempt in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00659-00166427-00166578 English at verse satire on the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00660-00166579-00166876 juvenalian model the success of his work
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00661-00166877-00167035 combined with a national mood of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00662-00167036-00167194 disillusion in the last years of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00663-00167195-00167362 Elizabeth's reign triggered an avalanche
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00664-00167363-00167662 of satire much of it less conscious of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00665-00167663-00167908 classical models than halls until the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00666-00167909-00168102 fashion was brought to an abrupt stop by
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00667-00168103-00168439 censorship
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00668-00168440-00168958 topic age of enlightenment
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00669-00168959-00169207 the age of enlightenment an intellectual
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00670-00169208-00169456 movement in the 17th and 18th centuries
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00671-00169457-00169684 advocating rationality produced a great
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00672-00169685-00169960 revival of satire in Britain this was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00673-00169961-00170173 fuelled by the rise of partisan politics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00674-00170174-00170368 with the formalization of the Tory and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00675-00170369-00170719 Whig parties and also in 1714 by the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00676-00170720-00170920 formation of the scribblers Club which
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00677-00170921-00171157 included Alexander Pope Jonathan Swift
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00678-00171158-00171415 John Gay John Arbuthnot Robert Harley
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00679-00171416-00171685 Thomas Parnell and Henry st. John first
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00680-00171686-00171976 Vie count Bolingbroke this club included
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00681-00171977-00172138 several of the notable satirist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00682-00172139-00172444 sovereignty H century Britain they
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00683-00172445-00172618 focused their attention on Martinus
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00684-00172619-00172944 scribbler s an invented learned fool
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00685-00172945-00173218 whose work they attributed all that was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00686-00173219-00173476 tedious narrow-minded and pedantic in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00687-00173477-00173818 contemporary scholarship in their hands
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00688-00173819-00174064 astute and biting satire of institutions
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00689-00174065-00174271 and individuals became a popular weapon
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00690-00174272-00174541 the turn to the 18th century was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00691-00174542-00174751 characterized by a switch from her ation
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00692-00174752-00175047 soft pseudo satire to biting juvenile
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00693-00175048-00175315 satire Jonathan Swift was one of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00694-00175316-00175516 greatest of Anglo Irish satirist s-- and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00695-00175517-00175693 one of the first to practice modern
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00696-00175694-00175993 journalistic satire for instance in his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00697-00175994-00176221 a modest proposal Swift suggests that
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00698-00176222-00176398 Irish peasants be encouraged to sell
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00699-00176399-00176566 their own children as food for the rich
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00700-00176567-00176878 as a solution to the problem of poverty
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00701-00176879-00177085 his purpose is of course to attack
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00702-00177086-00177211 indifference to the plight of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00703-00177212-00177493 desperately poor in his book Gulliver's
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00704-00177494-00177673 Travels he writes about the flaws in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00705-00177674-00177880 human society in general and English
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00706-00177881-00178192 society in particular John Dryden wrote
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00707-00178193-00178381 an influential essay entitled a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00708-00178382-00178621 discourse concerning the original and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00709-00178622-00178918 progress of satire that helped fix the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00710-00178919-00179089 definition of satire in the literary
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00711-00179090-00179359 world his satirical mac Fleck no was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00712-00179360-00179542 written in response to a rivalry with
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00713-00179543-00179761 Thomas Shadwell and eventually inspired
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00714-00179762-00179953 Alexander Pope to write his satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00715-00179954-00180229 the rape of the lock other satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00716-00180230-00180463 works by Pope include the epistle to dr.
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00717-00180464-00180871 R button it Alexander Pope B May 21st
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00718-00180872-00181144 1688 was a satirist known for his her
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00719-00181145-00181360 Asian satirist style and translation of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00720-00181361-00181612 the Iliad famous throughout and after
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00721-00181613-00181927 the long 18th century Pope died in 1740
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00722-00181928-00182206 for Pope in his the rape of the lock is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00723-00182207-00182350 delicately chiding
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00724-00182351-00182581 in a sly but polished voice by holding
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00725-00182582-00182761 up a mirror to the follies and vanities
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00726-00182762-00183004 of the upper-class Pope does not
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00727-00183005-00183208 actively attack the self-important pomp
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00728-00183209-00183397 of the British aristocracy but rather
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00729-00183398-00183598 presented in such a way that gives the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00730-00183599-00183772 reader a new perspective from which to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00731-00183773-00183961 easily view the actions in the story as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00732-00183962-00184099 foolish and ridiculous
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00733-00184100-00184342 a mockery of the upper-class more
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00734-00184343-00184543 delicate and lyrical than brutal Pope
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00735-00184544-00184702 nonetheless is able to effectively
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00736-00184703-00184885 eliminate the moral degradation of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00737-00184886-00185134 society to the public the rape of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00738-00185135-00185362 lock assimilates the masterful qualities
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00739-00185363-00185590 of a heroic epic such as the Iliad which
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00740-00185591-00185779 Pope was translating at the time of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00741-00185780-00186001 writing the rape of the lock however
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00742-00186002-00186229 Pope applied these qualities satirically
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00743-00186230-00186463 to a seemingly petty eget istic elitist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00744-00186464-00186685 quarrel to prove his point wryly Daniel
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00745-00186686-00186883 Defoe pursued a more journalistic type
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00746-00186884-00187093 of satire being famous for his the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00747-00187094-00187297 trueborn Englishman which mock Susanna
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00748-00187298-00187504 fabok patriotism and the shortest way
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00749-00187505-00187762 with the dissenters advocating religious
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00750-00187763-00187960 toleration by means of an ironical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00751-00187961-00188164 exaggeration of the highly intolerant
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00752-00188165-00188287 attitudes of his time
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00753-00188288-00188575 the pictorial satire of william Hogarth
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00754-00188576-00188782 is a precursor to the development of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00755-00188783-00188950 political cartoons in eighteenth-century
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00756-00188951-00189256 England the medium developed under the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00757-00189257-00189466 direction of its greatest exponent James
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00758-00189467-00189727 gillray from London with his satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00759-00189728-00189922 works calling the King George the third
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00760-00189923-00190192 prime ministers and Generals especially
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00761-00190193-00190411 Napoleon to account Gill Ray's wit and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00762-00190412-00190600 keen sense of the ridiculous made him
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00763-00190601-00190792 the preeminent cartoonist of the era
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00764-00190793-00191209 evany zur cook 1665 to 1732 author of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00765-00191210-00191524 the sod weed factor 17:08
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00766-00191525-00191674 was among the first american
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00767-00191675-00191925 colonialists to write literary satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00768-00191926-00192337 benjamin franklin 1706 to 1790 and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00769-00192338-00192568 others followed using satire to shape an
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00770-00192569-00192718 emerging nations culture through its
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00771-00192719-00193118 sense of the ridiculous
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00772-00193119-00193699 topic satire in Victorian England
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00773-00193700-00193973 several satiric papers competed for the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00774-00193974-00194212 public's attention in the Victorian era
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00775-00194213-00194591 1837 to 1901 an Edwardian period such as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00776-00194592-00195080 punch 1841 and Thun 1861 perhaps the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00777-00195081-00195254 most enduring examples of Victorian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00778-00195255-00195488 satire however are to be found in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00779-00195489-00195689 Savoy operas of Gilbert and Sullivan
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00780-00195690-00195941 in fact in the Yeomen of the guard a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00781-00195942-00196142 gesture is given lines that paint a very
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00782-00196143-00196325 neat picture of the method and purpose
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00783-00196326-00196496 of the satirist and might almost be
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00784-00196497-00196667 taken as a statement of Gilbert's own
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00785-00196668-00196949 intent I can set a braggart quailing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00786-00196950-00197204 with a clip the upstart I can wither
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00787-00197205-00197462 with a whim he may wear a merry laugh
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00788-00197463-00197750 upon his lip but his laughter has an
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00789-00197751-00197954 echo that is grim novelists such as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00790-00197955-00198311 Charles Dickens 1812 to 1870 often used
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00791-00198312-00198503 passages of satiric writing in their
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00792-00198504-00198812 treatment of social issues continuing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00793-00198813-00199010 the tradition of swifty and journalistic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00794-00199011-00199349 satire Sidney Godolphin Osborne 1808 to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00795-00199350-00199610 1889 was the most prominent writer of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00796-00199611-00199883 scathing letters to the editor of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00797-00199884-00200147 London Times famous in his day he is now
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00798-00200148-00200327 all but forgotten his maternal
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00799-00200328-00200564 grandfather William Eden 1st Baron
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00800-00200565-00200765 Oakland was considered to be a possible
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00801-00200766-00200912 candidate for the authorship of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00802-00200913-00201212 Junius letters if this were true we can
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00803-00201213-00201374 read aswan as following in his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00804-00201375-00201599 grandfather's satiric letters to the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00805-00201600-00201917 editor path Osborne's satire was so
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00806-00201918-00202097 bitter and biting that at one point he
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00807-00202098-00202250 received a public censure from
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00808-00202251-00202454 Parliament's then Home Secretary Sir
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00809-00202455-00202742 James Graham Osbourne wrote mostly in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00810-00202743-00202904 the juvenile yin mode over a wide range
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00811-00202905-00203135 of topics mostly centered on British
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00812-00203136-00203330 governments and landlords mistreatment
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00813-00203331-00203540 of poor farm workers and field laborers
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00814-00203541-00203804 he bitterly opposed the new Poor Laws
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00815-00203805-00203978 and was passionate on the subject of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00816-00203979-00204167 Great Britain's botched response to the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00817-00204168-00204338 Irish Famine and its mistreatment of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00818-00204339-00204659 soldiers during the Crimean War later in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00819-00204660-00204898 the 19th century in the United States
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00820-00204900-00205244 Mark Twain 1835 to 1910 grew to become
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00821-00205244-00205481 Americans greatest satirist his novel
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00822-00205482-00205751 Huckleberry Finn 1884 is set in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00823-00205752-00205952 antebellum South where the moral values
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00824-00205953-00206140 Twain wishes to promote are completely
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00825-00206141-00206261 turned on their heads
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00826-00206262-00206537 his hero Huck is a rather simple but
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00827-00206538-00206714 good-hearted lad who is ashamed of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00828-00206715-00207011 sinful temptation that leads him to help
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00829-00207012-00207260 a runaway slave in fact his conscience
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00830-00207261-00207469 warped by the distorted moral world he
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00831-00207471-00207662 has grown up in often bothers him most
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00832-00207663-00207929 when he is at his best he is prepared to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00833-00207930-00208241 do good believing it to be wrong Twain's
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00834-00208242-00208583 younger contemporary ambrose bierce 1842
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00835-00208584-00208880 to 1913 gained notoriety as a cynic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00836-00208881-00209071 pessimist and black humorist with his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00837-00209073-00209315 dark bitterly ironic stories many set
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00838-00209316-00209498 during the American Civil War which
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00839-00209498-00209692 satirized the limitations of human
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00840-00209694-00209942 perception and reason beers his most
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00841-00209942-00210161 famous work of satire as probably the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00842-00210162-00210442 devil's dictionary 1906 in which the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00843-00210444-00210656 definitions mock Kant hypocrisy and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00844-00210657-00211065 received wisdom
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00845-00211066-00211592 topic twentieth-century satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00846-00211592-00211819 Karl Kraus has considered the first
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00847-00211821-00212029 major European satirist since Jonathan
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00848-00212030-00212396 Swift in 20th century literature satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00849-00212396-00212579 was used by English authors such as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00850-00212580-00212875 Aldous Huxley 1930s and George Orwell
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00851-00212876-00213116 1940s which under the inspiration of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00852-00213117-00213404 Zumaya tunes Russian 1921 novel we made
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00853-00213405-00213551 serious and even frightening
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00854-00213552-00213719 commentaries on the dangers of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00855-00213719-00213892 sweeping social changes taking place
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00856-00213894-00214202 throughout Europe many social critics of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00857-00214203-00214427 this same time in the United States such
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00858-00214428-00214657 as Dorothy Parker and HL Mencken used
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00859-00214658-00214867 satire as their main weapon and Menken
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00860-00214869-00215059 in particular as noted for having said
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00861-00215060-00215342 that one horse laugh is worth 10,000
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00862-00215342-00215608 syllogisms in the persuasion of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00863-00215609-00215857 public to accept a criticism novelist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00864-00215858-00216023 Sinclair Lewis was known for his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00865-00216023-00216239 satirical stories such as Main Street
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00866-00216240-00216625 1920 babbit 1922 Elmer Gantry
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00867-00216626-00216950 1927 dedicated by Lewis to HL mention
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00868-00216951-00217202 and it can't happen here 1935 and his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00869-00217203-00217384 books often explored and satirized
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00870-00217385-00217684 contemporary American values the film
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00871-00217685-00217933 the Great Dictator 1940 by Charlie
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00872-00217934-00218134 Chaplin as itself a parody of Adolf
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00873-00218135-00218353 Hitler Chaplin later declared that he
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00874-00218354-00218501 would have not made the film if he had
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00875-00218502-00218709 known about the concentration camps in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00876-00218710-00219077 the United States 1950s satire was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00877-00219078-00219304 introduced into American stand-up comedy
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00878-00219305-00219517 most prominently by Lenny Bruce and Mort
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00879-00219519-00219754 Sahl as they challenged the taboos and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00880-00219755-00219962 conventional wisdom of the time were
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00881-00219963-00220102 ostracized by the mass media
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00882-00220103-00220396 establishment as SiC comedians in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00883-00220398-00220483 same period
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00884-00220484-00220669 Paul Krasner's magazine the realist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00885-00220671-00220885 began publication to become immensely
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00886-00220886-00221160 popular during the 1960s and early 1970s
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00887-00221161-00221426 among people in the counterculture it
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00888-00221427-00221605 had articles in cartoons that were
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00889-00221606-00221846 savaged biting satires of politicians
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00890-00221846-00222041 such as Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00891-00222042-00222287 the Vietnam War the Cold War and the war
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00892-00222288-00222607 on drugs this baton was also carried by
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00893-00222608-00222821 the original National Lampoon magazine
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00894-00222821-00223037 edited by Doug Kenney and Henry beard
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00895-00223038-00223246 and featuring blistering satire written
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00896-00223248-00223558 by Michael O'Donoghue PJ O'Rourke and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00897-00223559-00223814 Tony Hendra among others prominent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00898-00223815-00224008 satiric stand-up comedian George Carlin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00899-00224009-00224228 acknowledged the influence the realist
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00900-00224229-00224516 had in his 1970s conversion to a satiric
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00901-00224517-00224741 comedian a more humorous brand of satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00902-00224742-00224954 enjoyed a renaissance in the UK
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00903-00224955-00225212 in the early 1960s with the satire boom
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00904-00225213-00225431 led by such luminaries as Peter Cook
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00905-00225432-00225667 Alan Bennett Jonathan Miller and Dudley
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00906-00225669-00225833 Moore whose stage show Beyond the Fringe
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00907-00225834-00226055 was a hit not only in Britain but also
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00908-00226056-00226355 in the United States other significant
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00909-00226356-00226628 influences in 1960s British satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00910-00226629-00226781 include David Frost
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00911-00226782-00227015 Elinor Braun and the television program
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00912-00227016-00227183 that was the week that was Joseph
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00913-00227184-00227435 Heller's most famous work catch-22
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00914-00227436-00227719 1961 satirizes bureaucracy in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00915-00227721-00227930 military and is frequently cited as one
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00916-00227931-00228116 of the greatest literary works of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00917-00228117-00228416 20th century departing from traditional
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00918-00228417-00228644 Hollywood farce and screwball director
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00919-00228644-00228898 and comedian Jerry Lewis used satire in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00920-00228900-00229208 his self directed films the bellboy 1960
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00921-00229209-00229648 the errand boy 1961 in the patsy 1964 to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00922-00229650-00229832 comment on celebrity in the star-making
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00923-00229833-00230132 machinery of hollywood the film dr.
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00924-00230133-00230465 Strangelove 1964 starring Peter Sellars
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00925-00230466-00231025 was a popular satire on the Cold War
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00926-00231026-00231540 topic contemporary satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00927-00231541-00231792 contemporary popular usage of the term
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00928-00231794-00232153 satire is often very imprecise while
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00929-00232154-00232410 satire often uses caricature and parody
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00930-00232411-00232617 by no means all uses of these or other
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00931-00232619-00232933 humorous devices or satiric refer to the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00932-00232934-00233140 careful definition of satire that heads
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00933-00233141-00233496 this article satire is used on many UK
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00934-00233498-00233734 television programs particularly popular
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00935-00233735-00233977 panel shows and quiz shows such as Mock
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00936-00233978-00234202 the Week 2005 and have I got news for
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00937-00234203-00234550 you 1990 ongoing it has found on radio
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00938-00234551-00234873 quiz shows such as the news quiz 1977
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00939-00234875-00235252 ongoing in the now show 1998 ongoing one
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00940-00235253-00235473 of the most-watched UK television shows
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00941-00235475-00235792 of the 1980s and early 1990s the puppet
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00942-00235792-00236002 show spitting image was a satire of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00943-00236003-00236184 royal family politics entertainment
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00944-00236185-00236430 sport and British culture of the era
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00945-00236431-00236692 court flunky from spitting image as a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00946-00236692-00236944 caricature of James gillray intended as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00947-00236944-00237121 homage to the father of political
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00948-00237121-00237541 cartooning created by DMA design in 1997
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00949-00237542-00237748 satire features prominently in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00950-00237748-00237952 British video game series Grand Theft
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00951-00237953-00238314 Auto the television programme South Park
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00952-00238315-00238612 1997 ongoing relies almost exclusively
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00953-00238613-00238864 on satire to address issues in American
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00954-00238865-00239034 culture with episodes addressing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00955-00239035-00239209 anti-semitism militant atheism
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00956-00239210-00239494 homophobia environmentalism corporate
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00957-00239494-00239671 culture political correctness and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00958-00239671-00239994 anti-catholicism among many other issues
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00959-00239994-00240265 Australian Chris Lilly produces comedy
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00960-00240266-00240469 art in the style of mockumentaries we
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00961-00240469-00240691 can be heroes Summer Heights High angry
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00962-00240692-00240909 boys and his work is often described as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00963-00240910-00241260 complex social satire Stephen Colbert's
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00964-00241261-00241491 television program The Colbert Report
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00965-00241492-00241809 2005 to 14 is instructive in the methods
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00966-00241810-00242094 of contemporary American satire Col
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00967-00242096-00242284 Bert's character as an opinionated and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00968-00242285-00242515 self-righteous commentator who in his TV
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00969-00242516-00242755 interviews interrupts people points and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00970-00242756-00242991 wags his finger at them and unwittingly
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00971-00242992-00243277 uses a number of logical fallacies in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00972-00243278-00243514 doing so he demonstrates the principle
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00973-00243515-00243787 of modern American political satire the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00974-00243788-00243994 ridicule of the actions of politicians
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00975-00243994-00244198 and other public figures by taking all
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00976-00244198-00244369 their statements and purported beliefs
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00977-00244369-00244576 to their furthest supposedly logical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00978-00244577-00244723 conclusion thus revealing their
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00979-00244723-00244976 perceived hypocrisy or absurd
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00980-00244977-00245194 the American sketch comedy television
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00981-00245196-00245459 show Saturday Night Live is also known
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00982-00245460-00245639 for its satirical impressions and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00983-00245640-00245816 parodies of prominent persons and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00984-00245817-00245978 politicians among some of the most
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00985-00245979-00246221 notable their parodies of US political
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00986-00246221-00246401 figures Hillary Clinton and of Sarah
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00987-00246402-00246635 Palin other political satire includes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00988-00246636-00246839 various political causes in the past
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00989-00246840-00247048 including the relatively successful
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00990-00247050-00247250 polish beer lovers party and the joke
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00991-00247251-00247487 political candidates Molly the dog and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00992-00247488-00247688 Brian miner in the United Kingdom a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00993-00247689-00247898 popular modern satirist is Sir Terry
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00994-00247898-00248102 Pratchett author of the internationally
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00995-00248103-00248381 best-selling Discworld book series one
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00996-00248382-00248548 of the most well known and controversial
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00997-00248550-00248741 British satirist says Chris Morris
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00998-00248742-00249056 co-writer and director of for Lions in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-00999-00249057-00249326 Canada satire has become an important
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01000-00249327-00249581 part of the comedy scene Stephen Leacock
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01001-00249582-00249815 was one of the best-known early Canadian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01002-00249816-00250055 satirist sand in the early 20th century
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01003-00250056-00250226 he achieved fame by targeting the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01004-00250227-00250498 attitudes of small-town life in more
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01005-00250500-00250696 recent years Canada has had several
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01006-00250698-00250931 prominent satirical television series
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01007-00250932-00251291 and radio shows some including Co D Co
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01008-00251292-00251494 the Royal Canadian Air Farce
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01009-00251496-00251651 this is that and this hour has 22
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01010-00251652-00251894 minutes deal directly with current news
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01011-00251894-00252089 stories and political figures while
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01012-00252090-00252269 others like history bites present
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01013-00252269-00252464 contemporary social satire in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01014-00252465-00252667 context of events and figures in history
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01015-00252667-00252967 the Canadian organization Canada News
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01016-00252969-00253163 Network provides commentary on
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01017-00253164-00253334 contemporary news events that are
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01018-00253335-00253621 primarily Canadian in nature Canadian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01019-00253623-00253853 song writer Nancy White uses music as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01020-00253854-00254071 the vehicle for her satire and her comic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01021-00254073-00254312 folk songs are regularly played on CBC
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01022-00254313-00254448 Radio
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01023-00254450-00254708 cartoonists often use satire as well as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01024-00254709-00254981 straight humour all caps satirical comic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01025-00254982-00255160 strip Lil Abner was censored in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01026-00255161-00255506 September 1947 the controversy as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01027-00255507-00255709 reported in time centered on CAPS
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01028-00255710-00255998 portrayal of the US Senate said Edward
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01029-00255998-00256208 leach of Scripps Howard we don't think
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01030-00256209-00256448 it is good editing or sound citizenship
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01031-00256448-00256640 to picture the Senate as an assemblage
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01032-00256641-00256994 of freaks and crooks boobs and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01033-00256994-00257344 undesirables Walt Kelly's Pogo was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01034-00257346-00257651 likewise censored in 1952 over his overt
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01035-00257652-00257830 satire of Senator Joe McCarthy
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01036-00257831-00258134 caricatured in his comic strip s simple
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01037-00258135-00258288 J malarkey
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01038-00258289-00258498 Gary Trudeau whose comic-strip
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01039-00258498-00258723 Doonesbury focuses on satire of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01040-00258723-00258885 political system and provides a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01041-00258886-00259080 trademark cynical view on national
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01042-00259081-00259394 events Trudeau exemplifies humor mixed
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01043-00259396-00259619 with criticism for example the character
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01044-00259621-00259839 mark slack Meyer lamented that because
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01045-00259840-00259986 he was not legally married to his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01046-00259987-00260244 partner he was deprived of the exquisite
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01047-00260244-00260511 agony of experiencing a nasty and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01048-00260512-00260778 painful divorce like heterosexuals this
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01049-00260779-00261003 of course satirized the claim that gay
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01050-00261004-00261180 unions would denigrate the sanctity of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01051-00261181-00261467 heterosexual marriage like some literary
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01052-00261469-00261681 predecessors many recent television
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01053-00261682-00261921 satires contain strong elements of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01054-00261921-00262056 parody and caricature
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01055-00262057-00262284 for instance the popular animated series
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01056-00262285-00262509 The Simpsons and South Park both parody
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01057-00262510-00262737 Modern Family and social life by taking
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01058-00262738-00262908 their assumptions to the extreme both
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01059-00262909-00263082 have led to the creation of similar
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01060-00263083-00263355 series as well as the purely humorous
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01061-00263356-00263502 effect of this sort of thing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01062-00263503-00263700 they often strongly criticize various
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01063-00263701-00263925 phenomena in politics economic life
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01064-00263926-00264126 religion and many other aspects of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01065-00264127-00264366 society and thus qualify as satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01066-00264367-00264627 due to their animated nature these shows
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01067-00264628-00264852 can easily use images of public figures
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01068-00264853-00265047 and generally have greater freedom to do
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01069-00265048-00265245 so than conventional shows using live
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01070-00265246-00265575 actors news satire is also a very
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01071-00265576-00265794 popular form of contemporary satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01072-00265795-00265971 appearing and is wide an array of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01073-00265972-00266196 formats as the news media itself print
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01074-00266197-00266574 eg The Onion Canada News Network Private
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01075-00266575-00266970 Eye not your homepage radio eg on the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01076-00266971-00267276 our television eg the day-to-day The
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01077-00267277-00267645 Daily Show brass eye and the web eg mind
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01078-00267646-00267954 read is the fruit dish Sky News faking
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01079-00267955-00268215 news L koshary today the giant napkin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01080-00268216-00268425 unconfirmed sources in The Onion's web
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01081-00268426-00268704 site other satires are on the list of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01082-00268705-00268962 satirist sand satires another internet
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01083-00268963-00269199 driven form of satire is to Lampoon bad
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01084-00269200-00269484 internet performers an example of this
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01085-00269485-00269691 as the internet meme character Miranda
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01086-00269692-00269931 sings in an interview with Wikinews Sean
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01087-00269932-00270174 Mills president of the onion said angry
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01088-00270175-00270354 letters about their news parody always
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01089-00270355-00270567 carried the same message it's whatever
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01090-00270568-00270918 effects that person said Mills so it's
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01091-00270919-00271092 like I love it when you make a joke
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01092-00271093-00271323 about murder or rape but if you talk
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01093-00271324-00271593 about cancer well my brother has cancer
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01094-00271594-00271652 and that
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01095-00271653-00271895 not funny to me or someone else can say
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01096-00271896-00272132 cancers hilarious but don't talk about
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01097-00272133-00272369 rape because my cousin got raped those
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01098-00272370-00272603 are rather extreme examples but if it
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01099-00272604-00272828 affects somebody personally they tend to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01100-00272829-00273004 be more sensitive about it
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01101-00273005-00273347 Joe libo a comedian from Shanghai is the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01102-00273348-00273650 most popular satirist in China his humor
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01103-00273651-00273854 has interested middle-class people and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01104-00273855-00274040 has sold-out shows ever since his rise
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01105-00274041-00274444 to fame
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01106-00274445-00274893 topic techniques
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01107-00274894-00275179 literary satire is usually written out
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01108-00275180-00275395 of earlier satiric works reprising
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01109-00275396-00275667 previous conventions commonplaces stance
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01110-00275668-00275928 situations and tones a voice
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01111-00275929-00276151 exaggeration is one of the most common
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01112-00276152-00276271 satirical techniques
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01113-00276272-00276493 contrarily diminution is also a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01114-00276494-00276912 satirical technique
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01115-00276913-00277578 topic legal status for its nature and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01116-00277579-00277812 social role satire has enjoyed in many
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01117-00277813-00278052 societies a special freedom license to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01118-00278053-00278205 mock prominent individuals and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01119-00278206-00278526 institutions in Germany and Italy satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01120-00278527-00278838 is protected by the Constitution since
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01121-00278839-00279051 satire belongs to the realm of art and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01122-00279052-00279243 artistic expression it benefits from
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01123-00279244-00279429 broader lawfulness limits than mere
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01124-00279430-00279621 freedom of information of journalistic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01125-00279622-00279939 kind in some countries a specific right
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01126-00279940-00280272 to satire is recognized in its limits go
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01127-00280273-00280578 beyond the right to report of journalism
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01128-00280579-00280911 and even the right to criticize satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01129-00280912-00281115 benefits not only of the protection to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01130-00281116-00281322 freedom of speech but also to that to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01131-00281323-00281502 culture and that to scientific and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01132-00281503-00281943 artistic production
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01133-00281944-00282370 topic Australia
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01134-00282371-00282654 in September 2017 the juice media
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01135-00282655-00282868 received an email from the Australian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01136-00282869-00283087 national symbols officer requesting that
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01137-00283088-00283305 the use of a satirical logo called the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01138-00283306-00283594 code of harms based on the Australian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01139-00283595-00283801 coat of arms no longer be used as they
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01140-00283802-00283972 had received complaints from the members
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01141-00283973-00284242 of the public coincidentally five days
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01142-00284243-00284467 later a bill was proposed to Australian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01143-00284468-00284629 Parliament to amend the Criminal Code
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01144-00284630-00285004 act 1995 if successfully passed those
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01145-00285005-00285145 found to be in breach of the new
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01146-00285146-00285313 amendment can face two to five years
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01147-00285314-00285579 imprisonment is of June 2018 the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01148-00285580-00285790 criminal code amendment impersonating a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01149-00285791-00286080 Commonwealth body bill 2017 was before
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01150-00286081-00286240 the Australian Senate with the third
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01151-00286241-00286759 reading moved the 10th of May 2018
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01152-00286760-00287363 topic censorship in criticism
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01153-00287364-00287631 descriptions of satires biting effect on
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01154-00287632-00287826 its target include venomous cutting
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01155-00287827-00288147 stinging vitriol because satire often
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01156-00288148-00288366 combines anger and humour as well as the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01157-00288367-00288543 fact that it addresses and calls into
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01158-00288544-00288762 question many controversial issues it
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01159-00288763-00289193 can be profoundly disturbing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01160-00289194-00289712 topic typical arguments
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01161-00289713-00289949 because it is essentially ironic or
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01162-00289950-00290225 sarcastic satire is often misunderstood
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01163-00290226-00290507 a typical misunderstanding is to confuse
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01164-00290508-00290904 the satirist with his persona
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01165-00290905-00291373 topic bad taste
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01166-00291374-00291640 common uncomprehending responses to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01167-00291641-00291898 satire include revulsion accusations of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01168-00291899-00292159 poor taste or that it's just not funny
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01169-00292160-00292378 for instance and the idea that the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01170-00292379-00292585 satirist actually to support the ideas
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01171-00292586-00292894 policies or people he is attacking for
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01172-00292895-00293035 instance at the time of its publication
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01173-00293036-00293287 many people misunderstood Swift's
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01174-00293288-00293518 purpose in a modest proposal assuming it
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01175-00293519-00293692 to be a serious recommendation of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01176-00293693-00294132 economically motivated cannibalism
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01177-00294133-00294588 topic targeting the victim
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01178-00294589-00294841 some critics of Mark Twain see
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01179-00294842-00295026 Huckleberry Finn as racist and offensive
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01180-00295027-00295206 missing the point that its author
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01181-00295207-00295468 clearly intended it to be satire racism
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01182-00295469-00295648 being in fact only one of a number of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01183-00295649-00295851 Mark Twain's known concerns attacked in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01184-00295852-00295948 Huckleberry Finn
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01185-00295949-00296202 this same misconception was suffered by
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01186-00296203-00296451 the main character of the 1960s British
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01187-00296452-00296689 television comedy satire till death us
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01188-00296690-00296968 do part the character of Alf Garnett
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01189-00296969-00297177 played by Warren Mitchell was created to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01190-00297178-00297327 poke fun at the kind of narrow-minded
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01191-00297328-00297555 racist little Englander that Garnett
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01192-00297556-00297874 represented instead his character became
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01193-00297875-00298063 a sort of antihero to people who
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01194-00298064-00298270 actually agreed with his views the same
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01195-00298271-00298485 situation occurred with Archie Bunker in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01196-00298486-00298717 American TV show all in the family a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01197-00298718-00298938 character derived directly from Garnett
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01198-00298939-00299188 the Australian satirical television
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01199-00299189-00299400 comedy showed that chasers war on
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01200-00299401-00299601 everything has suffered repeated attacks
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01201-00299602-00299746 based on various perceived
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01202-00299747-00300025 interpretations of that target of its
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01203-00300026-00300295 attacks the make a realistic wish
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01204-00300296-00300643 foundation sketch June 2009 which
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01205-00300644-00300865 attacked in classical satiric fashioned
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01206-00300866-00301012 the heartlessness of people who are
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01207-00301013-00301200 reluctant to donate to charities was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01208-00301201-00301387 widely interpreted as an attack on the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01209-00301388-00301516 Make A Wish Foundation
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01210-00301517-00301687 or even the terminally ill children
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01211-00301688-00301921 helped by that organization Prime
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01212-00301922-00302133 Minister of the time Kevin Rudd stated
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01213-00302134-00302317 that the chaser team should hang their
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01214-00302318-00302623 heads in shame he went on to say that I
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01215-00302624-00302848 didn't see that but it's been described
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01216-00302849-00303228 to me but having a go at kids with a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01217-00303229-00303429 terminal illness as really beyond the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01218-00303430-00303723 pale absolutely beyond the pale
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01219-00303724-00303984 television station management suspended
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01220-00303985-00304171 the show for two weeks and reduced the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01221-00304172-00304585 third season to eight episodes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01222-00304586-00305094 topic romantic prejudice
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01223-00305095-00305370 the romantic prejudice against satire as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01224-00305371-00305517 the belief spread by the romantic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01225-00305518-00305705 movement that satire is something
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01226-00305706-00305889 unworthy of serious attention this
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01227-00305890-00306063 prejudice has held considerable
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01228-00306064-00306195 influence to this day
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01229-00306196-00306474 such prejudice extends to humor and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01230-00306475-00306659 everything that arouses laughter which
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01231-00306660-00306830 are often underestimated as frivolous
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01232-00306831-00307109 and unworthy of serious study for
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01233-00307110-00307331 instance humor is generally neglected as
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01234-00307332-00307545 a topic of anthropological research and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01235-00307546-00307854 teaching
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01236-00307855-00308121 topic history of opposition toward
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01237-00308122-00308552 notable satires
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01238-00308553-00308816 because satire criticizes in an ironic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01239-00308817-00309056 essentially indirect way it frequently
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01240-00309057-00309281 escaped censorship in a way more direct
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01241-00309282-00309593 criticism might not periodically however
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01242-00309594-00309809 it runs into serious opposition and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01243-00309810-00309965 people in power who perceive themselves
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01244-00309966-00310187 as attacked a temp to censor it or
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01245-00310188-00310481 prosecute its practitioners in a classic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01246-00310482-00310538 example
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01247-00310539-00310733 Aristophanes was persecuted by the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01248-00310734-00311086 demagogue Cleon
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01249-00311087-00311664 topic 1599 book ban
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01250-00311665-00311988 in 1599 the Archbishop of Canterbury
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01251-00311989-00312171 John Whitgift and the Bishop of London
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01252-00312172-00312399 Richard Bancroft whose offices had the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01253-00312400-00312555 function of licensing books for
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01254-00312556-00312741 publication in England issued a decree
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01255-00312742-00313044 banning verse satire the decree now
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01256-00313045-00313244 known as the Bishop's ban of $15.99
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01257-00313245-00313491 ordered the burning of certain volumes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01258-00313492-00313710 of satire by John Marston Thomas
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01259-00313711-00313932 Middleton Joseph Hall and others it also
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01260-00313933-00314151 required histories and place to be
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01261-00314152-00314325 specially approved by a member of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01262-00314326-00314538 Queen's Privy Council and it prohibited
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01263-00314539-00314739 the future printing of satire in verse
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01264-00314740-00314928 the motives for the banner obscure
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01265-00314929-00315102 particularly since some of the books
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01266-00315103-00315270 banned had been licensed by the same
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01267-00315271-00315464 authorities less than a year earlier
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01268-00315465-00315708 various scholars have argued that the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01269-00315709-00315951 target was obscenity libel or Sedition
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01270-00315952-00316248 it seems likely that lingering anxiety
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01271-00316249-00316371 about the Martin Maher prelate
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01272-00316372-00316548 controversy in which the bishops
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01273-00316549-00316725 themselves had employed satirist s'
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01274-00316726-00316932 played a role both Thomas nashe and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01275-00316933-00317130 Gabriel Harvey two of the key figures in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01276-00317131-00317358 that controversy suffered a complete ban
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01277-00317359-00317622 on all their works in the event though
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01278-00317623-00317826 the ban was little enforced even by the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01279-00317827-00318239 Licensing Authority itself
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01280-00318240-00318806 topic twenty-first-century polemics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01281-00318807-00319127 in 2005 the Jalen's post and Muhammad
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01282-00319128-00319331 cartoons controversy caused global
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01283-00319332-00319565 protests by offended Muslims and violent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01284-00319566-00319772 attacks with many fatalities in the near
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01285-00319773-00320060 East it was not the first case of Muslim
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01286-00320061-00320279 protests against criticism in the form
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01287-00320280-00320483 of satire but the Western world was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01288-00320484-00320642 surprised by the hostility of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01289-00320643-00320873 reaction any country's flag in which a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01290-00320874-00321077 newspaper chose to publish the parodies
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01291-00321078-00321266 was being burnt in a Near East country
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01292-00321267-00321425 then embassies were attacked
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01293-00321426-00321677 killing 139 people in mainly four
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01294-00321678-00321887 countries politicians throughout Europe
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01295-00321888-00322103 agreed that satire was an aspect of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01296-00322104-00322280 freedom of speech and therefore to be a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01297-00322281-00322532 protected means of dialogue Iran
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01298-00322533-00322673 threatened to start an international
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01299-00322674-00322931 holocaust cartoon competition which was
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01300-00322932-00323147 immediately responded to by Jews with an
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01301-00323148-00323494 Israeli anti-semitic cartoons contest in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01302-00323495-00323816 2006 British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01303-00323817-00324008 released Borat cultural learnings of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01304-00324009-00324245 America for make benefit glorious nation
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01305-00324246-00324539 of Kazakhstan ha mockumentary that
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01306-00324540-00324782 satirized everyone from high society to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01307-00324783-00325031 frat boys the film was criticized by
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01308-00325032-00325079 many
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01309-00325080-00325316 although Baron Cohen is Jewish some
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01310-00325317-00325493 complained that it was anti-semitic and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01311-00325494-00325694 the government of Kazakhstan boycotted
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01312-00325695-00325928 the film the film itself had been a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01313-00325929-00326126 reaction to a longer quarrel between the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01314-00326127-00326450 government and the comedian in 2008
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01315-00326451-00326684 popular South African cartoonist and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01316-00326685-00326885 satirist Jonathan Shapiro who is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01317-00326886-00327068 published under the pen name Shapiro
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01318-00327069-00327254 came under fire for depicting than
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01319-00327255-00327497 president of the ANC Jacob Zuma in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01320-00327498-00327701 act of undressing in preparation for the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01321-00327702-00327887 implied rape of Lady Justice which is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01322-00327888-00328196 held down by Zuma loyalists the cartoon
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01323-00328197-00328370 was drawn in response to zoom his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01324-00328371-00328568 efforts to duck corruption charges and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01325-00328569-00328721 the controversy was heightened by the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01326-00328722-00328925 fact that Zuma was himself acquitted of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01327-00328926-00329093 rape in May 2006
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01328-00329094-00329444 in February 2009 the South African
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01329-00329445-00329639 Broadcasting Corporation viewed by some
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01330-00329640-00329840 opposition parties as the mouthpiece of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01331-00329841-00330116 the governing ANC shelled a satirical TV
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01332-00330117-00330413 show created by Shapiro and in May 2009
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01333-00330414-00330617 the broadcaster pulled a documentary
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01334-00330618-00330857 about political satire featuring Shapiro
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01335-00330858-00331061 among others for the second time hours
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01336-00331062-00331355 before scheduled broadcast apartheid
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01337-00331356-00331586 South Africa also had a long history of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01338-00331587-00332057 censorship on December 29 2009 Samsung
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01339-00332058-00332186 sued Mike Breen and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01340-00332187-00332444 Korea times for $1,000,000 claiming
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01341-00332445-00332648 criminal defamation over a satirical
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01342-00332649-00332903 column published on Christmas Day 2009
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01343-00332904-00333362 on April 29th 2015 the UK Independence
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01344-00333363-00333569 Party you Kip requested Kent police
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01345-00333570-00333803 investigate the BBC claiming that
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01346-00333804-00333992 comments made about party leader Nigel
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01347-00333993-00334241 Farage by a panelist on the comedy show
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01348-00334242-00334415 have I got news for you might hinder his
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01349-00334416-00334595 chances of success in the general
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01350-00334596-00334766 election which would take place a week
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01351-00334767-00334988 later and claimed the BBC breached the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01352-00334989-00335255 representation of the People Act Kent
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01353-00335256-00335450 Police rebuffed the request to open an
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01354-00335451-00335681 investigation and the BBC released a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01355-00335682-00335864 statement Britain has a proud tradition
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01356-00335865-00336155 of satire and everyone knows that the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01357-00336156-00336362 contributors on have I Got News for You
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01358-00336363-00336584 regularly make jokes at the expense of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01359-00336585-00337142 politicians of all parties
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01360-00337143-00337729 topic satirical prophecy
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01361-00337730-00337981 satire is occasionally prophetic the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01362-00337982-00338221 jokes precede actual events among the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01363-00338222-00338620 eminent examples are the 1784 presaging
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01364-00338621-00338818 of modern daylight saving time later
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01365-00338819-00339142 actually proposed in 1907 while an
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01366-00339143-00339295 American envoy to France
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01367-00339296-00339493 Benjamin Franklin anonymously published
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01368-00339494-00339805 a letter in 1784 suggesting that Parisi
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01369-00339806-00340009 ins economize on candles by rising
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01370-00340010-00340312 earlier to use morning sunlight in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01371-00340313-00340588 1920s an English cartoonist imagined a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01372-00340589-00340801 laughable thing for the time a hotel for
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01373-00340802-00340843 cars
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01374-00340844-00341227 he drew a multi-story car park the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01375-00341228-00341434 second episode of Monty Python's Flying
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01376-00341435-00341779 Circus which debuted in 1969 featured a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01377-00341780-00342070 skit entitled the mouse problem meant to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01378-00342071-00342336 satirize contemporary media exposes on
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01379-00342337-00342580 homosexuality which depicted a cultural
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01380-00342581-00342781 phenomenon eerily similar to modern
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01381-00342782-00342955 furry fandom which did not become
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01382-00342956-00343219 widespread until the 1980s over a decade
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01383-00343220-00343480 after the skit was first aired the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01384-00343481-00343801 comedy film americathon released in 1979
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01385-00343802-00344080 and said in the United States of 1998
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01386-00344081-00344260 predicted a number of trends and events
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01387-00344261-00344464 that would eventually unfold in the near
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01388-00344465-00344704 future including an American debt crisis
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01389-00344705-00344917 Chinese capitalism the fall of the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01390-00344918-00345001 Soviet Union
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01391-00345002-00345163 terrorism aimed at the civilian
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01392-00345164-00345400 population a presidential sex scandal
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01393-00345401-00345690 and the popularity of reality shows in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01394-00345691-00346060 January 2001 a satirical news article in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01395-00346061-00346243 the onion entitled our long national
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01396-00346244-00346528 nightmare of peace and prosperity is
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01397-00346529-00346624 finally over
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01398-00346625-00346894 had newly elected President George Bush
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01399-00346895-00347173 vowing to develop new and expensive
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01400-00347174-00347542 weapons technologies and to engage in at
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01401-00347543-00347806 least one Gulf War level armed conflict
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01402-00347807-00348151 in the next four years furthermore he
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01403-00348152-00348427 would bring back economic stagnation by
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01404-00348428-00348685 implementing substantial tax cuts which
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01405-00348686-00348919 would lead to a recession
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01406-00348920-00349153 this prophesied the Iraq war into the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01407-00349154-00349600 Bush tax cuts in 1975 the first episode
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01408-00349601-00349807 of Saturday Night Live included an ad
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01409-00349808-00349993 for a triple blade razor called the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01410-00349994-00350260 triple track in 2001 Gillette introduced
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01411-00350261-00350629 the Mach 3 in 2004 The Onion satirized
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01412-00350630-00350812 Chicken Gillette's marketing of ever
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01413-00350813-00351025 increasingly multi-blade razors with a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01414-00351026-00351214 mock article proclaiming Gillette will
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01415-00351215-00351586 now introduce a five blade razor in 2006
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01416-00351587-00351790 Gillette released the Gillette Fusion a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01417-00351791-00352123 five blade razor after the Iran nuclear
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01418-00352124-00352384 deal in 2015 The Onion ran an article
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01419-00352385-00352699 with the headline us soothes upset
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01420-00352700-00352927 Netanyahu with shipment of ballistic
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01421-00352928-00352998 missiles
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01422-00352999-00353275 sure enough reports broke the next day
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01423-00353276-00353470 of the Obama administration offering
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01424-00353471-00353674 military upgrades to Israel in the wake
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01425-00353675-00354037 of the deal in July 2016 The Simpsons
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01426-00354038-00354235 released the most recent in a string of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01427-00354236-00354439 satirical references to a potential
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01428-00354440-00354712 Donald Trump presidency other media
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01429-00354713-00354934 sources including the popular film Back
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01430-00354935-00355129 to the Future Part 2 have also made
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01431-00355130-00355644 similar satirical references
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01432-00355645-00356123 topic see also
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01433-00356124-00356570 cringe comedy culture jamming freedom of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01434-00356571-00356923 the press list of satirist sand satires
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01435-00356924-00357446 news satire animosity Camus Dean parody
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01436-00357447-00357963 religion stupid idea
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01437-00357964-00358507 topic notes
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01438-00358508-00359023 topic references
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01439-00359024-00359460 Johnson been Meola Robert s2000 every
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01440-00359461-00359566 man in his humor
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01441-00359567-00359782 Gordo version manchester university
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01442-00359783-00360139 press ISBN nine trillion seven hundred
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01443-00360140-00360337 eighty billion seven hundred nineteen
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01444-00360338-00360523 million fifteen thousand six hundred
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01445-00360524-00360871 fifty six topic bibliography Bosworth
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01446-00360872-00361195 Clifford Edmund 1976 the media evil
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01447-00361196-00361441 Islamic underworld the band assassin in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01448-00361442-00361654 Arabic society and literature Brill
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01449-00361655-00361999 publishers ISBN nine oh oh four oh four
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01450-00362000-00362338 three nine two six Branham our brougt
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01451-00362339-00362665 Kinney daniel 1997 introduction to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01452-00362666-00363108 Petronius sad Eureka P XXIV Clarke John
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01453-00363109-00363451 our 1991 the modern satiric grotesque in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01454-00363452-00363697 its traditions Lexington you of Kentucky
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01455-00363698-00364027 P quorum Robert T 2002 the rhetoric of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01456-00364028-00364225 disgust in contempt in Boileau in
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01457-00364226-00364498 Berbick and Lynn Ganim Russell the shape
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01458-00364499-00364567 of change
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01459-00364568-00364789 essays in early modern literature and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01460-00364790-00365007 LaFontaine in honor of David Lee Reuben
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01461-00365008-00365305 Elliot Roberts C 2004 the nature of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01462-00365306-00365634 satire encyclopædia Britannica faux
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01463-00365635-00366013 Dario 1990 cetera East photo in Allegri
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01464-00366014-00366262 Luigi dialogo provocateur EO Sewell
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01465-00366263-00366533 Kimiko ill tragico la folia la ragione
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01466-00366534-00367153 interview in Italian PP 2 9fo Dario 1993
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01467-00367154-00367375 provocative dialogue on the comic the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01468-00367376-00367635 tragic folly in reason London with doing
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01469-00367636-00368058 publishing transyl fry northrop 1957
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01470-00368059-00368302 anatomy of criticism in particular the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01471-00368303-00368631 discussion of the four myths hall joseph
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01472-00368632-00368899 1969 Davenport a Edie
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01473-00368900-00369217 the poems Liverpool University Press huh
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01474-00369218-00369652 dirt Matthew Connery Brian 2009 1969
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01475-00369653-00369897 satire origins and principles
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01476-00369898-00370288 Petrus ik Vanessa 2011 la satire and jus
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01477-00370289-00370603 critique at septa sysm Anela magna Aleph
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01478-00370604-00370906 and ooh X vehicle in French tussin dual
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01479-00370907-00371182 arrow edit or sure and test
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01480-00371183-00371521 George Austin 1991 Eliot's bind or what
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01481-00371522-00371806 is satire anyway in satire spirit and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01482-00371807-00372106 art Wilson are Rawdon 2002 the hydras
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01483-00372107-00372338 tale imagining disgust
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01484-00372339-00372574 topic further reading bloom Edward a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01485-00372575-00372932 1972 Sacramento militia a the dynamics
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01486-00372933-00373136 of religious satire studies in the
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01487-00373137-00373528 literary imagination 5 to 119 minus 42
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01488-00373529-00374072 Bronowski Jacob massless Bruce 1993 1960
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01489-00374073-00374273 the Western intellectual tradition from
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01490-00374274-00374671 Leonardo to Hegel Barnes and Noble P 252
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01491-00374672-00375011 Connery Brian a theorizing satire a
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01492-00375012-00375332 bibliography Oakland University Dooley
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01493-00375333-00375703 David Joseph 1972 contemporary satire
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01494-00375704-00376052 Feinberg Leonard the satirist Lee Jane
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01495-00376053-00376391 um 1971 Scott ology in Continental
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01496-00376392-00376613 satirical writings from Aristophanes to
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01497-00376614-00376751 Rabelais in english scatological
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01498-00376752-00376948 writings from Skelton to Pope
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01499-00376949-00377291 one-two-three maldita Madre Swift and
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01500-00377292-00377567 scatological satire Albuquerque you of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01501-00377568-00377828 New Mexico pee pee pee seven to twenty
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01502-00377829-00378068 two twenty three to fifty three theories
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01503-00378069-00378311 critical approaches to satire as a genre
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01504-00378312-00378751 Connery Brian Combe Kirk EDS 1995
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01505-00378752-00379022 theorizing satire essays in literary
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01506-00379023-00379295 criticism New York st. Martin's Press
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01507-00379296-00379937 key 212 is B and O 3 1 2 1 2 3 o2 7
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01508-00379938-00380312 great sir Emile 1994 techniques of
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01509-00380313-00380549 satire the case of saltykov shchedrin
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01510-00380550-00380771 Berlin New York Mouton de Gruyter
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01511-00380772-00381095 ISBN three one one oh one two six two
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01512-00381096-00381281 four nine hammer
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01513-00381282-00381566 Stephanie satirizing the satirist Hyatt
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01514-00381567-00381917 Gilbert satire Kernan Alvin the cankered
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01515-00381918-00382343 Muse kinderman judo 1978 say dura die
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01516-00382344-00382535 theorie der satire I'm middle-aged
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01517-00382536-00382700 addition forced duties ooh Einar
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01518-00382701-00382982 gettings gusta in German nürnberg cos -
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01519-00382983-00383339 I Caterine 2005 Isaac extend poetic days
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01520-00383340-00383477 Anat ropes cetera
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01521-00383478-00383720 air one a apparati achoo more in Greek
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01522-00383721-00383957 Athena nefeli the plot of satire Seidel
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01523-00383958-00384314 Michael satiric inheritance zidar Oh rad
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01524-00384315-00385001 2008 intopia revolution of the ants
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01525-00385002-00385538 topic external links
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01526-00385539-00385799 the dictionary definition of satire at
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01527-00385800-00386111 Wiktionary media related to satire at
+oWXyjZhBwmY-01528-00386112-00386369 wikimedia commons
+oY3N1yt1n98-00000-00000024-00000223 hi and welcome to school of hustle i'm
+oY3N1yt1n98-00001-00000224-00000423 your host sarah and this is the show
+oY3N1yt1n98-00002-00000424-00000615 all about what it takes to build the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00003-00000616-00000767 business of your dreams
+oY3N1yt1n98-00004-00000768-00001191 brands spent 22 billion dollars in 2018
+oY3N1yt1n98-00005-00001192-00001423 on social media marketing and are set to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00006-00001424-00001663 spend up to 15 billion dollars on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00007-00001664-00001791 influencer marketing
+oY3N1yt1n98-00008-00001792-00002151 in 2022. our next guest stephanie carton
+oY3N1yt1n98-00009-00002152-00002359 and courtney spritzer are the founders
+oY3N1yt1n98-00010-00002360-00002502 of socialfly
+oY3N1yt1n98-00011-00002503-00002767 a full-service social media agency
+oY3N1yt1n98-00012-00002768-00002975 dedicated to social media marketing
+oY3N1yt1n98-00013-00002976-00003215 growth hacking media planning content
+oY3N1yt1n98-00014-00003215-00003279 creation
+oY3N1yt1n98-00015-00003279-00003495 and influencer marketing they're also
+oY3N1yt1n98-00016-00003496-00003590 the hosts of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00017-00003592-00004067 entrepreneusa a podcast all about female
+oY3N1yt1n98-00018-00004068-00004283 [Music]
+oY3N1yt1n98-00019-00004284-00004535 entrepreneurship
+oY3N1yt1n98-00020-00004536-00004679 welcome to the show stephanie and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00021-00004680-00004919 courtney thank you so much for having us
+oY3N1yt1n98-00022-00004920-00005095 we're so excited to be here and share
+oY3N1yt1n98-00023-00005096-00005263 our story with you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00024-00005264-00005495 yes i'm so interested in your story
+oY3N1yt1n98-00025-00005496-00005606 because you guys have
+oY3N1yt1n98-00026-00005607-00005911 a lot going on between the two uh
+oY3N1yt1n98-00027-00005912-00006127 businesses that you're running could you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00028-00006128-00006215 talk about
+oY3N1yt1n98-00029-00006216-00006534 why you decided to start social fly
+oY3N1yt1n98-00030-00006536-00006870 yeah so we decided to start social fly
+oY3N1yt1n98-00031-00006872-00007110 because social media really was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00032-00007111-00007342 a passion of both of ours so i'll take
+oY3N1yt1n98-00033-00007343-00007431 you back to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00034-00007431-00007663 the early days of facebook i was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00035-00007664-00007734 actually
+oY3N1yt1n98-00036-00007736-00007974 one of the first users of facebook when
+oY3N1yt1n98-00037-00007975-00008167 it first launched i was a sophomore at
+oY3N1yt1n98-00038-00008168-00008263 cornell
+oY3N1yt1n98-00039-00008264-00008487 and i remember getting access to this
+oY3N1yt1n98-00040-00008488-00008671 platform and back then it was called
+oY3N1yt1n98-00041-00008672-00008967 the facebook.com and as a college
+oY3N1yt1n98-00042-00008968-00009159 student we thought we were so cool back
+oY3N1yt1n98-00043-00009160-00009342 then because we got access to this new
+oY3N1yt1n98-00044-00009343-00009431 platform
+oY3N1yt1n98-00045-00009432-00009710 and i remember thinking back then wow
+oY3N1yt1n98-00046-00009711-00009863 this is really going to change
+oY3N1yt1n98-00047-00009864-00010031 everything that i'm learning about in
+oY3N1yt1n98-00048-00010032-00010214 school right now in terms of sales and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00049-00010215-00010406 marketing and how to reach people
+oY3N1yt1n98-00050-00010407-00010646 but i wasn't quite sure how back then
+oY3N1yt1n98-00051-00010647-00010838 and then when i graduated from college i
+oY3N1yt1n98-00052-00010839-00010951 really just always stayed on the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00053-00010952-00011078 forefront of everything that was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00054-00011079-00011191 happening with
+oY3N1yt1n98-00055-00011192-00011414 social media and i was working in sales
+oY3N1yt1n98-00056-00011415-00011559 and marketing in the hospitality
+oY3N1yt1n98-00057-00011560-00011727 industry and i started
+oY3N1yt1n98-00058-00011728-00011942 you know realizing that businesses
+oY3N1yt1n98-00059-00011943-00012127 really needed to be using social media
+oY3N1yt1n98-00060-00012128-00012327 to grow their business and this is back
+oY3N1yt1n98-00061-00012328-00012399 in
+oY3N1yt1n98-00062-00012400-00012703 you know 2009 2010 before social media
+oY3N1yt1n98-00063-00012704-00012767 really
+oY3N1yt1n98-00064-00012768-00013007 was what it is today you're really an
+oY3N1yt1n98-00065-00013008-00013135 early adapter of this
+oY3N1yt1n98-00066-00013136-00013399 oh yes yes and i i just always knew it
+oY3N1yt1n98-00067-00013400-00013575 was going to be the way of the future so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00068-00013576-00013679 friends of mine who were starting
+oY3N1yt1n98-00069-00013680-00013822 businesses they were reaching out to me
+oY3N1yt1n98-00070-00013823-00013999 asking for sales and marketing advice i
+oY3N1yt1n98-00071-00014000-00014071 told them
+oY3N1yt1n98-00072-00014072-00014247 start using social media now this is
+oY3N1yt1n98-00073-00014247-00014407 going to be the way of the future
+oY3N1yt1n98-00074-00014408-00014575 and what they say to you at the time
+oY3N1yt1n98-00075-00014576-00014807 were they like what how is that
+oY3N1yt1n98-00076-00014808-00014999 how is that going to be the future yeah
+oY3N1yt1n98-00077-00015000-00015166 i mean it was tough like in the early
+oY3N1yt1n98-00078-00015168-00015230 days when
+oY3N1yt1n98-00079-00015231-00015375 courtney and i first partnered together
+oY3N1yt1n98-00080-00015376-00015550 and we were selling our services we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00081-00015551-00015743 really had to convince brands
+oY3N1yt1n98-00082-00015744-00015991 and businesses why they needed to invest
+oY3N1yt1n98-00083-00015991-00016166 in social media back then i remember
+oY3N1yt1n98-00084-00016168-00016327 they would say things to us like oh our
+oY3N1yt1n98-00085-00016328-00016486 intern can just do this or
+oY3N1yt1n98-00086-00016487-00016647 you know my daughter's home from this
+oY3N1yt1n98-00087-00016648-00016822 for the summer she can help us with this
+oY3N1yt1n98-00088-00016823-00016911 and as you see
+oY3N1yt1n98-00089-00016912-00017191 now more than ever social media really
+oY3N1yt1n98-00090-00017192-00017358 is your direct communication to your
+oY3N1yt1n98-00091-00017359-00017479 customer and you do
+oY3N1yt1n98-00092-00017480-00017743 need professionals who know how to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00093-00017744-00017927 execute these campaigns properly but we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00094-00017928-00018047 were definitely
+oY3N1yt1n98-00095-00018048-00018214 super early and courtney can share you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00096-00018215-00018399 know how we met and partnered together
+oY3N1yt1n98-00097-00018400-00018679 yeah i'd love to hear about that yeah so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00098-00018680-00018839 we actually met maybe it was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00099-00018840-00019167 faith but we met coincidentally in
+oY3N1yt1n98-00100-00019168-00019527 miami which i am now living in miami so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00101-00019528-00019743 i feel like i've come full circle with
+oY3N1yt1n98-00102-00019744-00019830 stephanie
+oY3N1yt1n98-00103-00019831-00020047 and we happened to meet while we were
+oY3N1yt1n98-00104-00020048-00020150 both on vacation
+oY3N1yt1n98-00105-00020151-00020414 in miami and we quickly bonded over our
+oY3N1yt1n98-00106-00020415-00020527 shared passion
+oY3N1yt1n98-00107-00020528-00020886 of social media i had graduated from
+oY3N1yt1n98-00108-00020887-00021167 nyu about a year prior to meeting
+oY3N1yt1n98-00109-00021168-00021247 stephanie
+oY3N1yt1n98-00110-00021248-00021447 and i was working in an insurance
+oY3N1yt1n98-00111-00021448-00021639 company in massachusetts
+oY3N1yt1n98-00112-00021640-00021814 and we stayed connected through of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00113-00021815-00021943 course social media
+oY3N1yt1n98-00114-00021944-00022303 and skype at the time and i had grown up
+oY3N1yt1n98-00115-00022304-00022478 in new york as well and i really wanted
+oY3N1yt1n98-00116-00022479-00022655 to get back to new york so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00117-00022656-00022935 i ended up getting a job in new york at
+oY3N1yt1n98-00118-00022936-00023086 american express
+oY3N1yt1n98-00119-00023087-00023335 and while i was there that i saw all of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00120-00023336-00023599 the amazing things that amex was doing
+oY3N1yt1n98-00121-00023600-00023767 uh from a social media marketing
+oY3N1yt1n98-00122-00023768-00023942 standpoint and that's when i knew i
+oY3N1yt1n98-00123-00023943-00024135 wanted to get into social media
+oY3N1yt1n98-00124-00024136-00024375 uh i wanted to learn more about it and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00125-00024376-00024558 stuff i shared this with stephanie and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00126-00024559-00024694 she said well
+oY3N1yt1n98-00127-00024695-00024919 why don't you join me in starting a
+oY3N1yt1n98-00128-00024920-00025191 social media agency because she really
+oY3N1yt1n98-00129-00025192-00025494 wanted to develop her the agency so we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00130-00025495-00025662 started working nights and weekends on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00131-00025663-00025831 the side of our full-time job
+oY3N1yt1n98-00132-00025832-00026055 after about 10 months we quit our jobs
+oY3N1yt1n98-00133-00026056-00026190 on the same day
+oY3N1yt1n98-00134-00026191-00026614 in may on may 4th of 2012
+oY3N1yt1n98-00135-00026616-00026983 and it's been an eight-year journey
+oY3N1yt1n98-00136-00026983-00027214 uh we have a team of about 30 people
+oY3N1yt1n98-00137-00027216-00027414 we've worked with hundreds of brands
+oY3N1yt1n98-00138-00027416-00027607 and we've been working around the clocks
+oY3N1yt1n98-00139-00027608-00027783 for the basically for the last
+oY3N1yt1n98-00140-00027783-00028111 eight years wow well social media has
+oY3N1yt1n98-00141-00028112-00028207 had tremendous
+oY3N1yt1n98-00142-00028208-00028439 growth in that time so you definitely
+oY3N1yt1n98-00143-00028439-00028535 got into the right
+oY3N1yt1n98-00144-00028536-00028814 industry at the right time and since
+oY3N1yt1n98-00145-00028816-00029046 then there's been many many social media
+oY3N1yt1n98-00146-00029047-00029231 agencies that have popped up
+oY3N1yt1n98-00147-00029232-00029446 as an influencer myself i'm part of a
+oY3N1yt1n98-00148-00029447-00029535 lot of them
+oY3N1yt1n98-00149-00029536-00029783 how do you um how do you compete with
+oY3N1yt1n98-00150-00029783-00029927 all of the people that are popping up
+oY3N1yt1n98-00151-00029927-00029990 today
+oY3N1yt1n98-00152-00029991-00030246 as an early adopter yourself we live and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00153-00030247-00030455 breathe social stephanie and i practice
+oY3N1yt1n98-00154-00030456-00030543 what we preach
+oY3N1yt1n98-00155-00030544-00030783 we do all of our own marketing which uh
+oY3N1yt1n98-00156-00030783-00030887 most agencies
+oY3N1yt1n98-00157-00030888-00031151 don't do and we often use ourselves as
+oY3N1yt1n98-00158-00031152-00031335 kind of the guinea pigs the the test
+oY3N1yt1n98-00159-00031336-00031518 eaters for the new capabilities that
+oY3N1yt1n98-00160-00031519-00031711 come out on social
+oY3N1yt1n98-00161-00031712-00031990 and as a result we became number one on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00162-00031991-00032190 google for social media agency
+oY3N1yt1n98-00163-00032191-00032495 and that's a lot of our clients find us
+oY3N1yt1n98-00164-00032495-00032702 and then we also wrote a book about
+oY3N1yt1n98-00165-00032703-00032799 social media
+oY3N1yt1n98-00166-00032800-00033167 back in 2015. was that like love follow
+oY3N1yt1n98-00167-00033168-00033479 that was it yet you have a lot going on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00168-00033480-00033623 from all different angles of this
+oY3N1yt1n98-00169-00033624-00033718 business
+oY3N1yt1n98-00170-00033719-00034046 so i'd love to hear about what you did
+oY3N1yt1n98-00171-00034047-00034302 to get started on this today you have so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00172-00034303-00034423 many different
+oY3N1yt1n98-00173-00034424-00034599 sides of it from content creation to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00174-00034600-00034815 influencer marketing to media planning
+oY3N1yt1n98-00175-00034816-00034983 and social media marketing
+oY3N1yt1n98-00176-00034984-00035223 what was the first thing you did when
+oY3N1yt1n98-00177-00035224-00035374 you decided yeah let's go through with
+oY3N1yt1n98-00178-00035375-00035471 this idea
+oY3N1yt1n98-00179-00035472-00035718 so we were very scrappy in the early
+oY3N1yt1n98-00180-00035719-00035927 days and i would argue we're still very
+oY3N1yt1n98-00181-00035928-00035999 scrappy
+oY3N1yt1n98-00182-00036000-00036223 um we i don't know you look pretty uh
+oY3N1yt1n98-00183-00036224-00036351 polished at this point
+oY3N1yt1n98-00184-00036352-00036543 well we you look we bootstrapped our
+oY3N1yt1n98-00185-00036544-00036655 business so we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00186-00036656-00036830 you're always seeing us from the top up
+oY3N1yt1n98-00187-00036831-00037039 right now i have sports on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00188-00037040-00037367 you look great um yeah so we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00189-00037368-00037551 bootstrapped our business so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00190-00037552-00037735 after courtney and i handed in our two
+oY3N1yt1n98-00191-00037736-00037943 weeks notice uh that was on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00192-00037944-00038239 a friday we went out and celebrated that
+oY3N1yt1n98-00193-00038240-00038415 weekend that we left the corporate world
+oY3N1yt1n98-00194-00038416-00038615 and that monday we got to work
+oY3N1yt1n98-00195-00038616-00038774 and started pounding the pavement and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00196-00038775-00038983 working on our business so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00197-00038984-00039190 that monday the first thing we did was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00198-00039191-00039415 we put up an ad back then on craigslist
+oY3N1yt1n98-00199-00039416-00039599 looking for a couple interns to help us
+oY3N1yt1n98-00200-00039600-00039815 for the summer and then we reached out
+oY3N1yt1n98-00201-00039816-00039990 to a family friend of courtneys who owns
+oY3N1yt1n98-00202-00039991-00040143 a printing company and still owns a
+oY3N1yt1n98-00203-00040144-00040327 printing company in new york city
+oY3N1yt1n98-00204-00040328-00040559 and he offered to give us some
+oY3N1yt1n98-00205-00040560-00040790 complimentary space in his printing
+oY3N1yt1n98-00206-00040791-00040943 company so we could
+oY3N1yt1n98-00207-00040944-00041111 actually have our interns show up there
+oY3N1yt1n98-00208-00041112-00041335 with us and not be working out of my
+oY3N1yt1n98-00209-00041336-00041487 small apartment on the upper west side
+oY3N1yt1n98-00210-00041488-00041551 at the time
+oY3N1yt1n98-00211-00041552-00041846 so we found a lot of really scrappy ways
+oY3N1yt1n98-00212-00041847-00041951 to get started
+oY3N1yt1n98-00213-00041952-00042158 and really the best advice that we were
+oY3N1yt1n98-00214-00042159-00042374 given was from frank who owned the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00215-00042375-00042574 printing company he said to us
+oY3N1yt1n98-00216-00042575-00042783 you guys need to join this networking
+oY3N1yt1n98-00217-00042784-00042958 group it's a networking organization
+oY3N1yt1n98-00218-00042959-00043102 called bni
+oY3N1yt1n98-00219-00043103-00043358 business networking international it's
+oY3N1yt1n98-00220-00043359-00043527 an international organization so there's
+oY3N1yt1n98-00221-00043528-00043711 chapters all around the world um
+oY3N1yt1n98-00222-00043712-00043918 specifically in new york city where
+oY3N1yt1n98-00223-00043919-00044071 where we were starting the company there
+oY3N1yt1n98-00224-00044072-00044271 was many chapters in new york city
+oY3N1yt1n98-00225-00044272-00044471 and essentially um they do a breakfast
+oY3N1yt1n98-00226-00044472-00044655 meeting uh every single
+oY3N1yt1n98-00227-00044656-00044999 week where you go around the room and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00228-00045000-00045174 do your elevator pitch to everyone in
+oY3N1yt1n98-00229-00045175-00045358 the room there can only be
+oY3N1yt1n98-00230-00045359-00045671 one person from each specific industry
+oY3N1yt1n98-00231-00045672-00045862 in the group so it's a paid membership
+oY3N1yt1n98-00232-00045863-00045974 and it's not
+oY3N1yt1n98-00233-00045975-00046135 terribly expensive so even if you're
+oY3N1yt1n98-00234-00046136-00046318 just starting a business um you know
+oY3N1yt1n98-00235-00046319-00046518 it's a couple hundred dollars to join
+oY3N1yt1n98-00236-00046519-00046679 and then
+oY3N1yt1n98-00237-00046680-00046807 yeah it's definitely a good investment i
+oY3N1yt1n98-00238-00046808-00046951 mean you get one client and you make it
+oY3N1yt1n98-00239-00046952-00047135 back right away but i do remember
+oY3N1yt1n98-00240-00047136-00047407 thinking how are we gonna pay for this
+oY3N1yt1n98-00241-00047408-00047567 but even in the beginning when you start
+oY3N1yt1n98-00242-00047568-00047758 a business there are certain investments
+oY3N1yt1n98-00243-00047759-00047983 that you have to make to be able to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00244-00047984-00048158 get to that next level to be able to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00245-00048159-00048383 grow the business i completely agree and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00246-00048384-00048543 you said earlier
+oY3N1yt1n98-00247-00048544-00048830 you and courtney really became the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00248-00048831-00049023 guinea pigs and tried things for the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00249-00049024-00049135 first time
+oY3N1yt1n98-00250-00049136-00049351 and i want to ask about entrepreneusta
+oY3N1yt1n98-00251-00049352-00049486 because in many ways
+oY3N1yt1n98-00252-00049487-00049767 that's exactly what you're doing there
+oY3N1yt1n98-00253-00049768-00049895 is you're being the guinea pig you're
+oY3N1yt1n98-00254-00049896-00050030 doing content creation
+oY3N1yt1n98-00255-00050031-00050335 and sharing your stories when did that
+oY3N1yt1n98-00256-00050336-00050583 come about and what was that process of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00257-00050584-00050790 incorporating that into a business that
+oY3N1yt1n98-00258-00050791-00051071 already has a lot going on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00259-00051072-00051350 so we actually entrepreneusa was the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00260-00051351-00051470 evolution
+oY3N1yt1n98-00261-00051471-00051838 of something we used to do on facebook
+oY3N1yt1n98-00262-00051839-00052111 live and we hosted a facebook live show
+oY3N1yt1n98-00263-00052112-00052326 for about two years where stephanie and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00264-00052327-00052350 i
+oY3N1yt1n98-00265-00052351-00052607 talked about all of the latest things
+oY3N1yt1n98-00266-00052608-00052742 that you need to know from a social
+oY3N1yt1n98-00267-00052744-00052950 media perspective and then we had
+oY3N1yt1n98-00268-00052951-00053247 guests and we loved it it was definitely
+oY3N1yt1n98-00269-00053248-00053438 a lot of fun for us
+oY3N1yt1n98-00270-00053439-00053671 and then when podcasts be started to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00271-00053672-00053894 become more popular we wanted to learn
+oY3N1yt1n98-00272-00053895-00053982 more about it
+oY3N1yt1n98-00273-00053983-00054375 and and we wanted to continue
+oY3N1yt1n98-00274-00054376-00054671 to kind of use ourselves as the guinea
+oY3N1yt1n98-00275-00054672-00054942 pigs and really test out a new platform
+oY3N1yt1n98-00276-00054944-00055103 and because you're exactly right you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00277-00055104-00055230 know running a business is time
+oY3N1yt1n98-00278-00055232-00055342 consuming we can't be
+oY3N1yt1n98-00279-00055344-00055494 everywhere as much as we would love to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00280-00055495-00055671 be and maybe now
+oY3N1yt1n98-00281-00055672-00055879 in this new virtual world we can be in
+oY3N1yt1n98-00282-00055879-00055982 more places
+oY3N1yt1n98-00283-00055983-00056247 at once using technology but we had to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00284-00056248-00056399 decide you know do we want to continue
+oY3N1yt1n98-00285-00056400-00056519 the facebook live show
+oY3N1yt1n98-00286-00056520-00056807 or start testing out a podcast so we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00287-00056808-00056903 decided
+oY3N1yt1n98-00288-00056904-00057111 uh to test something new that you always
+oY3N1yt1n98-00289-00057112-00057335 have to innovate that is part of the dna
+oY3N1yt1n98-00290-00057336-00057415 of the company
+oY3N1yt1n98-00291-00057416-00057630 and we wanted to try something new so we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00292-00057632-00057735 decided to start
+oY3N1yt1n98-00293-00057736-00057942 the entrepreneur podcast we had a
+oY3N1yt1n98-00294-00057944-00058079 brainstorm with
+oY3N1yt1n98-00295-00058079-00058303 uh our team uh to figure out you know
+oY3N1yt1n98-00296-00058304-00058526 what did we want our podcast to talk
+oY3N1yt1n98-00297-00058527-00058582 about
+oY3N1yt1n98-00298-00058583-00058830 and for stephanie and myself we are so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00299-00058832-00058926 passionate about
+oY3N1yt1n98-00300-00058927-00059111 entrepreneurship and specifically
+oY3N1yt1n98-00301-00059112-00059342 helping other women entrepreneurs
+oY3N1yt1n98-00302-00059344-00059623 uh understand and realize that they too
+oY3N1yt1n98-00303-00059624-00059775 can start a business it's a lot of hard
+oY3N1yt1n98-00304-00059776-00059942 work you're gonna make a lot of mistakes
+oY3N1yt1n98-00305-00059944-00060247 yeah so feel fast and you learn from it
+oY3N1yt1n98-00306-00060248-00060366 and you move on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00307-00060367-00060654 exactly so we wanted to inspire as many
+oY3N1yt1n98-00308-00060655-00060791 women as possible
+oY3N1yt1n98-00309-00060791-00060950 and that's how the entrepreneusta
+oY3N1yt1n98-00310-00060951-00061126 podcast came to be
+oY3N1yt1n98-00311-00061127-00061342 what i'm learning from you guys is your
+oY3N1yt1n98-00312-00061344-00061542 early adapters to many
+oY3N1yt1n98-00313-00061544-00061791 different things and that's part of the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00314-00061791-00061966 reason why you're successful because
+oY3N1yt1n98-00315-00061967-00062103 you're not afraid to just
+oY3N1yt1n98-00316-00062104-00062430 try it we're definitely risk takers and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00317-00062432-00062647 always want to jump in and test things
+oY3N1yt1n98-00318-00062648-00062806 out and see what works and if it works
+oY3N1yt1n98-00319-00062807-00062991 great and if it doesn't that's okay too
+oY3N1yt1n98-00320-00062991-00063159 at least you tried and you can move on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00321-00063160-00063263 quickly
+oY3N1yt1n98-00322-00063264-00063535 yes totally now along this journey is
+oY3N1yt1n98-00323-00063536-00063630 there anything that you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00324-00063632-00063815 learned that you wish you knew in the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00325-00063816-00064047 beginning
+oY3N1yt1n98-00326-00064048-00064382 the very first thing would be to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00327-00064383-00064566 uh when you incorporate your business
+oY3N1yt1n98-00328-00064567-00064759 name be sure that you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00329-00064760-00064982 uh have a trademark and that you do a
+oY3N1yt1n98-00330-00064983-00065150 great trademark search
+oY3N1yt1n98-00331-00065151-00065415 um have a great accountant have a great
+oY3N1yt1n98-00332-00065416-00065519 business attorney
+oY3N1yt1n98-00333-00065520-00065711 um those are definitely key elements
+oY3N1yt1n98-00334-00065712-00065911 when we first started socialfly
+oY3N1yt1n98-00335-00065912-00066071 the name of our company was actually
+oY3N1yt1n98-00336-00066072-00066255 called collective media
+oY3N1yt1n98-00337-00066256-00066487 and because our seo was so good right
+oY3N1yt1n98-00338-00066488-00066591 off the bat
+oY3N1yt1n98-00339-00066592-00066799 we got a letter from a company called
+oY3N1yt1n98-00340-00066800-00066903 the collective
+oY3N1yt1n98-00341-00066904-00067087 um a couple months into us starting the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00342-00067088-00067303 business with a cease and desist letter
+oY3N1yt1n98-00343-00067304-00067479 oh we were like and we were so young and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00344-00067480-00067631 naive back then we're like oh my gosh
+oY3N1yt1n98-00345-00067632-00067743 what does this mean like
+oY3N1yt1n98-00346-00067744-00067919 yeah we gotta go to jail i mean we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00347-00067920-00068055 didn't think that but you know we didn't
+oY3N1yt1n98-00348-00068056-00068103 know
+oY3N1yt1n98-00349-00068104-00068263 it's scary it's scary because you've
+oY3N1yt1n98-00350-00068264-00068423 never experienced that yeah
+oY3N1yt1n98-00351-00068424-00068606 so you switched it to social fly why
+oY3N1yt1n98-00352-00068607-00068782 call it social
+oY3N1yt1n98-00353-00068783-00069015 well it was a long brainstorm process i
+oY3N1yt1n98-00354-00069016-00069199 think we had a certain amount of time to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00355-00069200-00069415 get back to the seasoned assist letter
+oY3N1yt1n98-00356-00069416-00069606 to come up with a new name so i think we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00357-00069607-00069767 were brainstorming
+oY3N1yt1n98-00358-00069768-00069975 for a good month or two and we were
+oY3N1yt1n98-00359-00069976-00070126 about to go with another name
+oY3N1yt1n98-00360-00070127-00070375 and then one night the name social fly
+oY3N1yt1n98-00361-00070376-00070567 just hit me at night i called courtney i
+oY3N1yt1n98-00362-00070568-00070655 said i have it
+oY3N1yt1n98-00363-00070656-00070975 social fly and she said that's it and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00364-00070976-00071047 you know
+oY3N1yt1n98-00365-00071048-00071255 we're social and we make businesses fly
+oY3N1yt1n98-00366-00071256-00071350 and it just
+oY3N1yt1n98-00367-00071351-00071575 it was catchy and i think it's a much
+oY3N1yt1n98-00368-00071576-00071719 better name than our original name
+oY3N1yt1n98-00369-00071720-00071959 so can always make something good out of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00370-00071960-00072231 a situation that might not seem so great
+oY3N1yt1n98-00371-00072232-00072567 you move into this uh like warehouse it
+oY3N1yt1n98-00372-00072568-00072815 sounds like you have the interns
+oY3N1yt1n98-00373-00072816-00073119 and what do you do next you start
+oY3N1yt1n98-00374-00073120-00073326 pitching businesses you start going to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00375-00073327-00073503 these conferences
+oY3N1yt1n98-00376-00073504-00073750 um you're seeing quick growth what's
+oY3N1yt1n98-00377-00073751-00074038 what's next for socialfly at this point
+oY3N1yt1n98-00378-00074039-00074335 yeah so that summer we had six interns
+oY3N1yt1n98-00379-00074336-00074526 we just had such a great group of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00380-00074527-00074815 interns we were very very fortunate to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00381-00074816-00075038 have them on the team at that time and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00382-00075039-00075255 uh because we had such a great group of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00383-00075256-00075487 people we were able to provide really
+oY3N1yt1n98-00384-00075488-00075543 great work
+oY3N1yt1n98-00385-00075544-00075806 to our clients stephanie focused on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00386-00075807-00076023 going out and landing new clients and at
+oY3N1yt1n98-00387-00076024-00076231 the time i focused on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00388-00076232-00076503 making sure that all of our clients got
+oY3N1yt1n98-00389-00076504-00076679 the services that they signed up for
+oY3N1yt1n98-00390-00076680-00076847 i provided all of the strategy and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00391-00076848-00077079 coordinated with with our team at the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00392-00077080-00077262 time and then by the end of the summer
+oY3N1yt1n98-00393-00077263-00077399 they unfortunately had to go back to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00394-00077400-00077606 school so uh we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00395-00077607-00077959 uh needed uh to hire a full-time
+oY3N1yt1n98-00396-00077960-00078215 person but uh of course you know we're a
+oY3N1yt1n98-00397-00078216-00078431 scrappy startup so we started her out as
+oY3N1yt1n98-00398-00078432-00078615 part-time just to test it out and it
+oY3N1yt1n98-00399-00078616-00078823 quickly turned into full-time and then
+oY3N1yt1n98-00400-00078824-00079071 by the beginning of next year we needed
+oY3N1yt1n98-00401-00079072-00079326 we had two people full-time on the team
+oY3N1yt1n98-00402-00079327-00079703 we moved into a new office in 2014 that
+oY3N1yt1n98-00403-00079704-00079935 just seemed so expensive at the time and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00404-00079936-00080071 it was much larger
+oY3N1yt1n98-00405-00080072-00080382 than we needed i i remember a few weeks
+oY3N1yt1n98-00406-00080383-00080511 ago looking at a picture i was like we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00407-00080512-00080638 couldn't even fill up this office and i
+oY3N1yt1n98-00408-00080639-00080862 remember how scared i was to take on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00409-00080863-00081135 this risk of rent uh because our rent
+oY3N1yt1n98-00410-00081136-00081215 had increased
+oY3N1yt1n98-00411-00081216-00081494 by five times at that point but also you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00412-00081495-00081543 you're
+oY3N1yt1n98-00413-00081544-00081694 looking at it carefully because your
+oY3N1yt1n98-00414-00081695-00081887 income was increasing as well so it was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00415-00081888-00082087 a calculated risk at that point
+oY3N1yt1n98-00416-00082088-00082391 yes yes for sure but we still you know
+oY3N1yt1n98-00417-00082392-00082591 needed to make sure that our clients
+oY3N1yt1n98-00418-00082592-00082655 were
+oY3N1yt1n98-00419-00082656-00082855 assigning new clients and that's
+oY3N1yt1n98-00420-00082856-00083031 something we're always focused on is
+oY3N1yt1n98-00421-00083032-00083175 making sure that we have a great
+oY3N1yt1n98-00422-00083176-00083494 pipeline of new business so when you're
+oY3N1yt1n98-00423-00083495-00083718 doing production do you have a studio
+oY3N1yt1n98-00424-00083719-00083887 inside of your office space
+oY3N1yt1n98-00425-00083888-00084199 or how do you do that there
+oY3N1yt1n98-00426-00084200-00084550 yes so we got more office space
+oY3N1yt1n98-00427-00084551-00084950 again you keep expanding every year
+oY3N1yt1n98-00428-00084951-00085231 we built a whole production studio in
+oY3N1yt1n98-00429-00085232-00085350 our office
+oY3N1yt1n98-00430-00085351-00085735 and we can do photo shoots video shoots
+oY3N1yt1n98-00431-00085736-00086038 uh we produced a psa actually for the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00432-00086039-00086159 girl scouts
+oY3N1yt1n98-00433-00086160-00086511 uh several years ago so the range of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00434-00086512-00086631 creative services we can
+oY3N1yt1n98-00435-00086632-00086935 provide is is very wide
+oY3N1yt1n98-00436-00086936-00087118 so you don't have a specialty
+oY3N1yt1n98-00437-00087119-00087318 necessarily in content creation it's
+oY3N1yt1n98-00438-00087319-00087511 just across the board
+oY3N1yt1n98-00439-00087512-00087879 social media content um because
+oY3N1yt1n98-00440-00087880-00088159 we can do photo shoots and video shoots
+oY3N1yt1n98-00441-00088160-00088431 it lends itself to other uh types of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00442-00088432-00088599 content that our clients need
+oY3N1yt1n98-00443-00088600-00088879 yeah so at what point did you start
+oY3N1yt1n98-00444-00088880-00088918 taking
+oY3N1yt1n98-00445-00088919-00089206 influencer marketing really seriously we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00446-00089207-00089399 were early with influencer marketing as
+oY3N1yt1n98-00447-00089400-00089494 well
+oY3N1yt1n98-00448-00089495-00089599 what do courtney do you remember what
+oY3N1yt1n98-00449-00089600-00089879 year that was i want to say it was also
+oY3N1yt1n98-00450-00089880-00090111 2015 i think 2015 was like
+oY3N1yt1n98-00451-00090112-00090375 a very uh transformative year for us
+oY3N1yt1n98-00452-00090376-00090535 that was also the year that we published
+oY3N1yt1n98-00453-00090536-00090671 the book so it was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00454-00090672-00090982 around that time maybe end of 2014
+oY3N1yt1n98-00455-00090983-00091262 what 2015 i think so my question to you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00456-00091263-00091335 now is
+oY3N1yt1n98-00457-00091336-00091575 what do you think the future is because
+oY3N1yt1n98-00458-00091576-00091759 you guys have been spot on with all
+oY3N1yt1n98-00459-00091760-00091903 these trends early on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00460-00091904-00092175 so what what's coming what what are some
+oY3N1yt1n98-00461-00092176-00092382 things that people should look out for
+oY3N1yt1n98-00462-00092383-00092775 okay oh you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00463-00092776-00093103 we are actually uh working on
+oY3N1yt1n98-00464-00093104-00093415 providing a package so for any clients
+oY3N1yt1n98-00465-00093416-00093582 that want to be prepared for all the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00466-00093583-00093782 random things that are to come
+oY3N1yt1n98-00467-00093783-00094023 we have our own predictions so they can
+oY3N1yt1n98-00468-00094024-00094126 sign up for that
+oY3N1yt1n98-00469-00094127-00094367 and then we're also very much leaning
+oY3N1yt1n98-00470-00094368-00094479 into
+oY3N1yt1n98-00471-00094480-00094711 uh working remote we think that more and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00472-00094712-00094879 more people are going to work from home
+oY3N1yt1n98-00473-00094880-00095143 and we will be providing solutions for
+oY3N1yt1n98-00474-00095144-00095182 that
+oY3N1yt1n98-00475-00095183-00095462 and then on the social media side uh a
+oY3N1yt1n98-00476-00095463-00095623 few things i would lean into
+oY3N1yt1n98-00477-00095624-00095815 would be thinking about your social
+oY3N1yt1n98-00478-00095816-00095926 media channels
+oY3N1yt1n98-00479-00095927-00096223 as a content destination so how can you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00480-00096224-00096479 cultivate this community of customers
+oY3N1yt1n98-00481-00096480-00096687 what content do they care about that's
+oY3N1yt1n98-00482-00096688-00096855 going to want to make them come back to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00483-00096856-00097031 your accounts whether that's instagram
+oY3N1yt1n98-00484-00097032-00097182 or facebook or facebook group or
+oY3N1yt1n98-00485-00097183-00097303 community
+oY3N1yt1n98-00486-00097304-00097494 every single day and crave the content
+oY3N1yt1n98-00487-00097495-00097606 that you're putting out
+oY3N1yt1n98-00488-00097607-00097726 so by having these one-to-one
+oY3N1yt1n98-00489-00097727-00097879 relationships with your customers and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00490-00097880-00098031 building real community
+oY3N1yt1n98-00491-00098032-00098247 and a content destination for them you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00492-00098248-00098415 can build these long-term relationships
+oY3N1yt1n98-00493-00098416-00098599 with your customers through social
+oY3N1yt1n98-00494-00098600-00098871 that will create this repeat business
+oY3N1yt1n98-00495-00098872-00098959 especially for
+oY3N1yt1n98-00496-00098960-00099215 uh e-commerce brands so speaking of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00497-00099216-00099294 growth
+oY3N1yt1n98-00498-00099295-00099591 you've grown entrepreneusta to a very
+oY3N1yt1n98-00499-00099592-00099774 large following do you have any advice
+oY3N1yt1n98-00500-00099775-00099959 for those that also want to grow
+oY3N1yt1n98-00501-00099960-00100271 a successful podcast yes so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00502-00100272-00100503 actually another thing that we did to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00503-00100504-00100671 test out the podcast something new we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00504-00100672-00100791 hadn't done before
+oY3N1yt1n98-00505-00100792-00101111 was get a billboard to launch it so we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00506-00101112-00101223 put out a billboard
+oY3N1yt1n98-00507-00101224-00101518 in times square uh um the day that he
+oY3N1yt1n98-00508-00101519-00101662 launched our podcast
+oY3N1yt1n98-00509-00101663-00101926 and what we learned from doing that was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00510-00101927-00102135 it gave us instant credibility and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00511-00102136-00102294 and not necessarily because a ton of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00512-00102295-00102471 people saw the billboard in times square
+oY3N1yt1n98-00513-00102472-00102518 although
+oY3N1yt1n98-00514-00102519-00102830 they did uh it was really the picture of
+oY3N1yt1n98-00515-00102831-00103030 the billboard that we then posted on our
+oY3N1yt1n98-00516-00103031-00103158 social media
+oY3N1yt1n98-00517-00103159-00103358 that really got a lot of people's
+oY3N1yt1n98-00518-00103359-00103558 attention and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00519-00103559-00103806 um with with the billboard people just
+oY3N1yt1n98-00520-00103807-00103942 took it seriously from
+oY3N1yt1n98-00521-00103943-00104127 from day one day one i think it was
+oY3N1yt1n98-00522-00104128-00104310 really just the perception of having a
+oY3N1yt1n98-00523-00104311-00104471 billboard that just gave it that instant
+oY3N1yt1n98-00524-00104472-00104575 credibility
+oY3N1yt1n98-00525-00104576-00104871 and there we were able to build an
+oY3N1yt1n98-00526-00104872-00104934 audience
+oY3N1yt1n98-00527-00104935-00105183 through um the people that listened to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00528-00105183-00105271 the podcast
+oY3N1yt1n98-00529-00105272-00105551 shared our content and actually by doing
+oY3N1yt1n98-00530-00105552-00105631 contests
+oY3N1yt1n98-00531-00105632-00105854 uh with different types of influencers
+oY3N1yt1n98-00532-00105855-00106015 is a great way to grow your following
+oY3N1yt1n98-00533-00106016-00106175 and the other thing that we did
+oY3N1yt1n98-00534-00106176-00106399 um was the exact advice i just shared
+oY3N1yt1n98-00535-00106400-00106551 before we created this content
+oY3N1yt1n98-00536-00106552-00106623 destination
+oY3N1yt1n98-00537-00106624-00106839 specifically on instagram for
+oY3N1yt1n98-00538-00106840-00107054 entrepreneurs entrepreneurs
+oY3N1yt1n98-00539-00107055-00107319 so every week not only do we feature the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00540-00107320-00107502 founders whose episodes we're releasing
+oY3N1yt1n98-00541-00107503-00107678 but we also feature
+oY3N1yt1n98-00542-00107679-00107910 all different entrepreneurs who want to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00543-00107911-00108086 share their story
+oY3N1yt1n98-00544-00108088-00108231 so we'll either reach out to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00545-00108232-00108375 entrepreneurs and ask them if they want
+oY3N1yt1n98-00546-00108376-00108551 to share their story but we also get so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00547-00108552-00108631 many requests
+oY3N1yt1n98-00548-00108632-00108823 every single day from entrepreneus who
+oY3N1yt1n98-00549-00108824-00109031 want to share so we're featuring their
+oY3N1yt1n98-00550-00109032-00109143 stories on our
+oY3N1yt1n98-00551-00109144-00109358 account and then when we post it they're
+oY3N1yt1n98-00552-00109359-00109590 also sharing it with their audience
+oY3N1yt1n98-00553-00109591-00109775 so then it kind of creates that snowball
+oY3N1yt1n98-00554-00109776-00109934 effect and people start to
+oY3N1yt1n98-00555-00109935-00110143 to follow then they see the instagram
+oY3N1yt1n98-00556-00110144-00110295 account they see what entrepreneurs is
+oY3N1yt1n98-00557-00110296-00110478 about we have the link to our podcast
+oY3N1yt1n98-00558-00110479-00110558 and our bio
+oY3N1yt1n98-00559-00110559-00110775 and then they click through and then we
+oY3N1yt1n98-00560-00110776-00110934 get new subscribers that way
+oY3N1yt1n98-00561-00110935-00111231 so um again thinking about your social
+oY3N1yt1n98-00562-00111232-00111366 channels as this great content
+oY3N1yt1n98-00563-00111367-00111519 destination with content that your
+oY3N1yt1n98-00564-00111520-00111671 audience is really interested in is so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00565-00111672-00111751 important
+oY3N1yt1n98-00566-00111752-00111910 it sounds like you've learned so much
+oY3N1yt1n98-00567-00111911-00112102 from your experience and you've learned
+oY3N1yt1n98-00568-00112103-00112175 a lot from
+oY3N1yt1n98-00569-00112176-00112407 interviewing all these incredible female
+oY3N1yt1n98-00570-00112408-00112519 entrepreneurs
+oY3N1yt1n98-00571-00112520-00112831 so my question to you is for each of you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00572-00112832-00113007 what's one piece of advice that you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00573-00113008-00113166 would give to aspiring
+oY3N1yt1n98-00574-00113167-00113495 entrepreneurs
+oY3N1yt1n98-00575-00113496-00113686 we asked this we asked this question too
+oY3N1yt1n98-00576-00113688-00113975 all of the times
+oY3N1yt1n98-00577-00113976-00114199 so perfect i'm turning the tables on my
+oY3N1yt1n98-00578-00114200-00114302 advice would be
+oY3N1yt1n98-00579-00114303-00114566 to keep going um there are so many
+oY3N1yt1n98-00580-00114567-00114647 challenges
+oY3N1yt1n98-00581-00114648-00114983 that that you're gonna face and um there
+oY3N1yt1n98-00582-00114983-00115031 will be
+oY3N1yt1n98-00583-00115032-00115375 days weeks where you just want to keep
+oY3N1yt1n98-00584-00115376-00115551 you want to give up but you have to just
+oY3N1yt1n98-00585-00115552-00115751 keep going believe in yourself
+oY3N1yt1n98-00586-00115752-00116007 don't be afraid to make mistakes learn
+oY3N1yt1n98-00587-00116008-00116063 from them
+oY3N1yt1n98-00588-00116064-00116399 fast and then just keep keep moving keep
+oY3N1yt1n98-00589-00116400-00116519 moving forward
+oY3N1yt1n98-00590-00116520-00116775 and my advice before you keep going you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00591-00116776-00116902 first have to start
+oY3N1yt1n98-00592-00116903-00117143 so just start because i think when
+oY3N1yt1n98-00593-00117144-00117295 you're thinking about launching a new
+oY3N1yt1n98-00594-00117296-00117351 business
+oY3N1yt1n98-00595-00117352-00117502 you can easily come up with all of these
+oY3N1yt1n98-00596-00117503-00117671 ideas for why it won't work
+oY3N1yt1n98-00597-00117672-00117871 why you shouldn't do it and then you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00598-00117872-00118031 just get stuck in your own way
+oY3N1yt1n98-00599-00118032-00118223 if you have an idea you're super
+oY3N1yt1n98-00600-00118224-00118447 passionate about it you have the energy
+oY3N1yt1n98-00601-00118448-00118727 you know you can make it happen just
+oY3N1yt1n98-00602-00118728-00118783 start
+oY3N1yt1n98-00603-00118783-00118951 you'll figure it out as you go along
+oY3N1yt1n98-00604-00118952-00119086 there's so many resources
+oY3N1yt1n98-00605-00119088-00119239 that are out there there's so many
+oY3N1yt1n98-00606-00119240-00119390 people that will help you along the way
+oY3N1yt1n98-00607-00119391-00119575 if you just reach out people genuinely
+oY3N1yt1n98-00608-00119576-00119758 do want to help others so
+oY3N1yt1n98-00609-00119759-00119934 don't be scared to start and don't be
+oY3N1yt1n98-00610-00119935-00120063 scared to reach out and
+oY3N1yt1n98-00611-00120064-00120207 you know build your network along the
+oY3N1yt1n98-00612-00120208-00120463 way because people will help you
+oY3N1yt1n98-00613-00120464-00120719 wow well thank you so much and that is
+oY3N1yt1n98-00614-00120720-00120983 all for this episode of school of hustle
+oY3N1yt1n98-00615-00120983-00121207 if you like what you heard please keep
+oY3N1yt1n98-00616-00121208-00121351 up with our other episodes
+oY3N1yt1n98-00617-00121352-00121575 on youtube apple podcast or google
+oY3N1yt1n98-00618-00121576-00121775 podcast or wherever you stream
+oY3N1yt1n98-00619-00121776-00121966 and listen to podcasts and if you like
+oY3N1yt1n98-00620-00121967-00122166 what you heard please leave a review
+oY3N1yt1n98-00621-00122167-00122439 share with your friends and subscribe
+oY3N1yt1n98-00622-00122440-00123075 we'll see you next time thanks for
+oY3N1yt1n98-00623-00123076-00123376 watching
+oYXkXKtZVno-00000-00000000-00000176 ah
+oYXkXKtZVno-00001-00000177-00001378 [Music]
+oYXkXKtZVno-00002-00001379-00001577 [Applause]
+oYXkXKtZVno-00003-00001578-00002547 [Music]
+oYXkXKtZVno-00004-00002548-00003311 [Music]
+oYXkXKtZVno-00005-00003311-00003761 I'm freshly I'm from California USA and
+oYXkXKtZVno-00006-00003762-00004118 I really enjoyed this whole ecologica
+oYXkXKtZVno-00007-00004119-00004383 without Roger by magma and the entire
+oYXkXKtZVno-00008-00004384-00004643 team wouldn't have been possible for me
+oYXkXKtZVno-00009-00004644-00004854 this entire you out there was really
+oYXkXKtZVno-00010-00004855-00005075 great religious and spiritual experience
+oYXkXKtZVno-00011-00005076-00005318 obviously it was also a physical
+oYXkXKtZVno-00012-00005319-00005604 activity to enjoy but I definitely
+oYXkXKtZVno-00013-00005605-00005991 enjoyed all of it I was able to connect
+oYXkXKtZVno-00014-00005992-00006174 where spiritually with entire experience
+oYXkXKtZVno-00015-00006175-00006342 there were beautiful views beautiful
+oYXkXKtZVno-00016-00006343-00006579 sightseeing even the trans fresh session
+oYXkXKtZVno-00017-00006580-00006801 was a very challenging and interesting
+oYXkXKtZVno-00018-00006802-00007088 hike to do so overall I really really
+oYXkXKtZVno-00019-00007089-00007259 enjoyed this experience and it wouldn't
+oYXkXKtZVno-00020-00007261-00007437 have been possible without the entire
+oYXkXKtZVno-00021-00007438-00007598 walk there
+oYXkXKtZVno-00022-00007598-00007908 Stan my name is Raju Giamatti from
+oYXkXKtZVno-00023-00007909-00008112 silicon and Ramona body I am from a
+oYXkXKtZVno-00024-00008113-00008352 Silicon Valley California this is my
+oYXkXKtZVno-00025-00008353-00008580 second wholly kailash yatra with motor
+oYXkXKtZVno-00026-00008581-00008853 rocks and bricks I was here once in 2012
+oYXkXKtZVno-00027-00008854-00008991 this is 2019
+oYXkXKtZVno-00028-00008992-00009240 Lana she Raju bhai is make ma all of
+oYXkXKtZVno-00029-00009241-00009414 these people are you know very helpful
+oYXkXKtZVno-00030-00009415-00009621 they took care of us very well with both
+oYXkXKtZVno-00031-00009622-00009834 of these trips they are part of our
+oYXkXKtZVno-00032-00009835-00010011 family you know they took care of our
+oYXkXKtZVno-00033-00010012-00010356 parikamma we did not face as much
+oYXkXKtZVno-00034-00010357-00010542 solution they were always with us
+oYXkXKtZVno-00035-00010543-00010869 attending to all our needs so I would
+oYXkXKtZVno-00036-00010870-00011064 strongly recommend everybody who is
+oYXkXKtZVno-00037-00011065-00011391 thinking of going to holy Kyla chakra to
+oYXkXKtZVno-00038-00011392-00011625 consider motorist effects again
+oYXkXKtZVno-00039-00011626-00012432 Namaskar thank you my name is Silicon
+oYXkXKtZVno-00040-00012433-00013010 Valley in California this is my lifelong
+oYXkXKtZVno-00041-00013011-00013449 dream Raja theology they helped us to
+oYXkXKtZVno-00042-00013450-00013776 make it a very very very successful
+oYXkXKtZVno-00043-00013777-00014096 parikrama thank you for all your help I
+oYXkXKtZVno-00044-00014097-00014456 really appreciate it
+oYXkXKtZVno-00045-00014457-00015768 [Music]
+oYXkXKtZVno-00046-00015769-00015966 [Applause]
+oYXkXKtZVno-00047-00015966-00016440 [Music]
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00000-00001109-00001489 foreign
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00001-00001490-00001798 I'm 14 years old I've been living in
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00002-00001800-00002021 Oakland basically my entire life but I
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00003-00002022-00002268 was born in Buenos Aires Argentina
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00004-00002269-00002663 currently I'm focusing on acting and
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00005-00002664-00002957 more of the arts department and the
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00006-00002958-00003142 Performing Arts
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00007-00003143-00003383 um but yeah I also really like drawing
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00008-00003384-00003595 so I'm also trying to
+oZlAl3u2hG4-00009-00003596-00004034 do that and see where it goes
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00000-00000936-00001127 we sleep for a third of our life
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00001-00001128-00001350 and what we're finding is that on nights
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00002-00001351-00001495 when we sleep better
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00003-00001496-00001639 there's a greater chance that that next
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00004-00001639-00001759 day we're going to choose to be
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00005-00001760-00001871 physically active
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00006-00001872-00002023 we also know that on days when we're
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00007-00002023-00002175 physically active we're also going to be
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00008-00002176-00002359 sleeping better that next night
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00009-00002360-00002518 so it's actually sort of a cyclical
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00010-00002519-00002687 pattern and so what we're finding is
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00011-00002688-00002883 that these behaviors are all very
+oZTJn9rRuD4-00012-00002884-00003184 connected
+oc6J37k2u-k-00000-00000176-00000415 how's it going people
+oc6J37k2u-k-00001-00000416-00000774 doing all right hope you are too
+oc6J37k2u-k-00002-00000775-00001103 another love letter last week from my
+oc6J37k2u-k-00003-00001104-00001491 good friends at the church of
+oc6J37k2u-k-00004-00001492-00001702 scientology i wonder how long
+oc6J37k2u-k-00005-00001703-00001823 they're going to be sending me stuff
+oc6J37k2u-k-00006-00001823-00001967 before they finally get tired of getting
+oc6J37k2u-k-00007-00001968-00002126 no response
+oc6J37k2u-k-00008-00002127-00002471 then again well i have been mailing them
+oc6J37k2u-k-00009-00002472-00002599 back um
+oc6J37k2u-k-00010-00002600-00002910 religious hearted laugh tracks i said
+oc6J37k2u-k-00011-00002911-00003327 uh barry the heroic dog uh recently
+oc6J37k2u-k-00012-00003328-00003663 at baptist tract it's great i get these
+oc6J37k2u-k-00013-00003664-00003775 in the mail
+oc6J37k2u-k-00014-00003776-00004086 make fun of them then i find
+oc6J37k2u-k-00015-00004087-00004431 bible tracks make videos and make fun of
+oc6J37k2u-k-00016-00004432-00004543 those
+oc6J37k2u-k-00017-00004544-00004806 then mail the bible track to these
+oc6J37k2u-k-00018-00004807-00004902 people
+oc6J37k2u-k-00019-00004903-00005102 i could be making new christians right
+oc6J37k2u-k-00020-00005103-00005279 now
+oc6J37k2u-k-00021-00005280-00005591 i try to help let's see what they
+oc6J37k2u-k-00022-00005592-00006518 have to say here if there's anything new
+oc6J37k2u-k-00023-00006519-00006863 all right oh
+oc6J37k2u-k-00024-00006864-00007367 um i think i've seen this one before
+oc6J37k2u-k-00025-00007368-00007687 yeah scientology a new
+oc6J37k2u-k-00026-00007688-00007998 slant on life
+oc6J37k2u-k-00027-00008000-00008367 they want to sell me a bridge
+oc6J37k2u-k-00028-00008368-00008703 yeah all right it's got all the answers
+oc6J37k2u-k-00029-00008704-00008831 that's what they want me to do
+oc6J37k2u-k-00030-00008832-00009191 no okay uh craig
+oc6J37k2u-k-00031-00009192-00009551 sent me another envelope
+oc6J37k2u-k-00032-00009552-00009883 oh my buddy craig with his bad
+oc6J37k2u-k-00033-00009884-00010046 handwriting
+oc6J37k2u-k-00034-00010047-00010359 all right um
+oc6J37k2u-k-00035-00010360-00010678 dear richard i hope
+oc6J37k2u-k-00036-00010679-00011110 this letter finds you well i see
+oc6J37k2u-k-00037-00011111-00011431 you got the problems of work
+oc6J37k2u-k-00038-00011432-00011855 film it was a dvd not a film
+oc6J37k2u-k-00039-00011856-00012135 uh not too long ago how did that work
+oc6J37k2u-k-00040-00012136-00012367 out for you
+oc6J37k2u-k-00041-00012368-00012759 did you have any questions
+oc6J37k2u-k-00042-00012760-00013199 yeah do you
+oc6J37k2u-k-00043-00013200-00013343 do you realize that you just repeat
+oc6J37k2u-k-00044-00013344-00013807 yourself craig
+oc6J37k2u-k-00045-00013808-00014119 problems at work dvd can be found at
+oc6J37k2u-k-00046-00014119-00014471 most thrift stores
+oc6J37k2u-k-00047-00014472-00014855 um anyway that's um
+oc6J37k2u-k-00048-00014856-00015183 all craig had to say but i did dig this
+oc6J37k2u-k-00049-00015184-00015615 out this is a book i bought from craig
+oc6J37k2u-k-00050-00015616-00015950 self analysis and i
+oc6J37k2u-k-00051-00015951-00016158 looked it over a little bit print was
+oc6J37k2u-k-00052-00016159-00016711 kind of small but
+oc6J37k2u-k-00053-00016712-00017015 so what do you think you think i should
+oc6J37k2u-k-00054-00017016-00017079 go
+oc6J37k2u-k-00055-00017080-00017383 through this on video i mean
+oc6J37k2u-k-00056-00017384-00017694 it's a bit of work there um but i mean i
+oc6J37k2u-k-00057-00017695-00017830 could be like
+oc6J37k2u-k-00058-00017831-00018047 i don't know clearing the whole world
+oc6J37k2u-k-00059-00018048-00018143 you know
+oc6J37k2u-k-00060-00018144-00018535 i might be helping scientology maybe
+oc6J37k2u-k-00061-00018536-00018983 so what do you say folks should i um
+oc6J37k2u-k-00062-00018984-00019303 my good friends at sps r us what do you
+oc6J37k2u-k-00063-00019304-00019455 think
+oc6J37k2u-k-00064-00019456-00019663 should i start going through this
+oc6J37k2u-k-00065-00019664-00019799 because i mean
+oc6J37k2u-k-00066-00019800-00020407 i'm game
+oc6J37k2u-k-00067-00020408-00020639 i mean i hide it over but it lost my
+oc6J37k2u-k-00068-00020640-00020839 interest pretty quick
+oc6J37k2u-k-00069-00020840-00021207 but i'll do anything for grins
+oc6J37k2u-k-00070-00021208-00021486 so let me know what you think or if you
+oc6J37k2u-k-00071-00021487-00021655 know
+oc6J37k2u-k-00072-00021656-00021903 let me know i mean should i ask craig
+oc6J37k2u-k-00073-00021904-00021999 some questions
+oc6J37k2u-k-00074-00022000-00022399 um i don't really want anything from
+oc6J37k2u-k-00075-00022400-00022463 these people
+oc6J37k2u-k-00076-00022464-00022878 except you know a distraction
+oc6J37k2u-k-00077-00022879-00023094 i have no money to give them i bought a
+oc6J37k2u-k-00078-00023095-00023335 house instead
+oc6J37k2u-k-00079-00023336-00023822 so chime in you know sps and
+oc6J37k2u-k-00080-00023823-00024222 and my youtube followers so
+oc6J37k2u-k-00081-00024223-00024663 all 130 of you i think it is
+oc6J37k2u-k-00082-00024664-00024871 as of the making of this video it'll
+oc6J37k2u-k-00083-00024872-00025022 probably be less later
+oc6J37k2u-k-00084-00025023-00025463 um let me know should i kick the beehive
+oc6J37k2u-k-00085-00025464-00025662 should i get in touch with craig or
+oc6J37k2u-k-00086-00025663-00025958 should i maybe do this
+oc6J37k2u-k-00087-00025960-00026270 um it might be boring but who knows i
+oc6J37k2u-k-00088-00026272-00026439 might find
+oc6J37k2u-k-00089-00026439-00026607 something worthwhile i mean we could
+oc6J37k2u-k-00090-00026608-00026855 find out about your hidden potential
+oc6J37k2u-k-00091-00026856-00027214 and mine so let me know what you think
+oc6J37k2u-k-00092-00027216-00027535 chime in peace the
+oc6J37k2u-k-00093-00027536-00027823 out have wonderful whatever the it
+oc6J37k2u-k-00094-00027824-00028579 is you're having
+oc6J37k2u-k-00095-00028580-00028880 uh
+od1hjrH3_H4-00000-00000272-00000463 good morning welcome to cmc markets on
+od1hjrH3_H4-00001-00000463-00000647 friday the 8th of july and this quick
+od1hjrH3_H4-00002-00000648-00000831 look at the weekend beginning the 11th
+od1hjrH3_H4-00003-00000832-00001070 of july with me michael houston
+od1hjrH3_H4-00004-00001071-00001183 it's been
+od1hjrH3_H4-00005-00001184-00001383 an interesting week albeit i've only
+od1hjrH3_H4-00006-00001384-00001702 been back at my desk in the last
+od1hjrH3_H4-00007-00001703-00001855 couple of days
+od1hjrH3_H4-00008-00001855-00002110 but in that time we've seen
+od1hjrH3_H4-00009-00002111-00002342 markets particularly the german market
+od1hjrH3_H4-00010-00002343-00002463 hit a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00011-00002464-00002726 it's a new low for this year before
+od1hjrH3_H4-00012-00002727-00002934 rebounding a margin on lulu a new low
+od1hjrH3_H4-00013-00002935-00003102 for this year
+od1hjrH3_H4-00014-00003103-00003270 we've also seen a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00015-00003271-00003679 fairly decent rebound in us markets
+od1hjrH3_H4-00016-00003679-00003895 um slightly more
+od1hjrH3_H4-00017-00003896-00004119 diff indifferent performance for markets
+od1hjrH3_H4-00018-00004120-00004222 in europe
+od1hjrH3_H4-00019-00004223-00004375 although we have seen a slightly more
+od1hjrH3_H4-00020-00004376-00004535 resilient tone
+od1hjrH3_H4-00021-00004536-00004679 in the past
+od1hjrH3_H4-00022-00004680-00004815 few days
+od1hjrH3_H4-00023-00004816-00004959 and at the moment
+od1hjrH3_H4-00024-00004960-00005127 markets are caught
+od1hjrH3_H4-00025-00005128-00005206 in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00026-00005207-00005463 sort of cross-currents of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00027-00005464-00005718 fears over
+od1hjrH3_H4-00028-00005719-00005991 inflation and concerns
+od1hjrH3_H4-00029-00005992-00006231 about recession
+od1hjrH3_H4-00030-00006232-00006623 and if i look back to where the ftse was
+od1hjrH3_H4-00031-00006623-00006759 just
+od1hjrH3_H4-00032-00006759-00006991 around about two weeks ago
+od1hjrH3_H4-00033-00006992-00007198 when i signed off the ftse 100 isn't
+od1hjrH3_H4-00034-00007200-00007375 really that much different to where it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00035-00007376-00007631 was then slightly higher
+od1hjrH3_H4-00036-00007631-00007831 um but the dax
+od1hjrH3_H4-00037-00007831-00008095 is quite a bit lower
+od1hjrH3_H4-00038-00008095-00008287 and i think part of the part and part
+od1hjrH3_H4-00039-00008288-00008495 and parcel of that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00040-00008496-00008783 um weakness in the decks is partially
+od1hjrH3_H4-00041-00008784-00008942 down to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00042-00008943-00009295 germany and europe's exposure i think to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00043-00009296-00009471 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00044-00009472-00009671 russian gas and the fact that the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00045-00009672-00010039 germans are already starting to ration
+od1hjrH3_H4-00046-00010040-00010231 the use of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00047-00010232-00010351 gas
+od1hjrH3_H4-00048-00010352-00010551 in their own domestic economy already
+od1hjrH3_H4-00049-00010552-00010806 and it's not even winter yet so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00050-00010807-00010991 while an awful lot of the narrative this
+od1hjrH3_H4-00051-00010992-00011342 week has been very much uk focused
+od1hjrH3_H4-00052-00011343-00011638 and the announced resignation of prime
+od1hjrH3_H4-00053-00011639-00011814 minister boris johnson
+od1hjrH3_H4-00054-00011815-00011942 yesterday
+od1hjrH3_H4-00055-00011943-00012038 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00056-00012039-00012287 the noise of that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00057-00012288-00012510 has rather overshadowed
+od1hjrH3_H4-00058-00012511-00012846 what has been and could well be
+od1hjrH3_H4-00059-00012847-00013086 a further decline in the euro
+od1hjrH3_H4-00060-00013087-00013391 toward parity now those of you with who
+od1hjrH3_H4-00061-00013391-00013622 are regular listeners to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00062-00013623-00013766 these um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00063-00013768-00013927 these commentaries these videos will
+od1hjrH3_H4-00064-00013928-00014094 know that in april
+od1hjrH3_H4-00065-00014095-00014279 i suggested the euro was on its way
+od1hjrH3_H4-00066-00014280-00014471 towards parity and potentially even
+od1hjrH3_H4-00067-00014472-00014591 lower
+od1hjrH3_H4-00068-00014591-00014815 we remain much closer to that goal now
+od1hjrH3_H4-00069-00014816-00014966 than we were then
+od1hjrH3_H4-00070-00014968-00015303 also the fact that we've seen the ecb
+od1hjrH3_H4-00071-00015304-00015583 european central bank
+od1hjrH3_H4-00072-00015584-00015783 that they're making progress on their
+od1hjrH3_H4-00073-00015784-00015958 fragmentation tool
+od1hjrH3_H4-00074-00015959-00016199 personally i have my doubts about that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00075-00016200-00016471 um i think it's going to be
+od1hjrH3_H4-00076-00016472-00016599 more noise
+od1hjrH3_H4-00077-00016600-00016767 than anything else i think it'll be very
+od1hjrH3_H4-00078-00016768-00016967 very difficult for them
+od1hjrH3_H4-00079-00016968-00017191 to design a policy
+od1hjrH3_H4-00080-00017192-00017486 that will prevent fragmentation without
+od1hjrH3_H4-00081-00017487-00017630 running into
+od1hjrH3_H4-00082-00017631-00017927 problems with respect to the capital key
+od1hjrH3_H4-00083-00017928-00018175 and the amount of italian bonds they can
+od1hjrH3_H4-00084-00018176-00018319 buy relative
+od1hjrH3_H4-00085-00018320-00018535 to german bonds
+od1hjrH3_H4-00086-00018536-00018727 but that's the discussion
+od1hjrH3_H4-00087-00018728-00018814 for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00088-00018815-00018943 another week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00089-00018944-00019127 potentially two weeks from now when the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00090-00019128-00019683 ecb meets on the 21st of july
+od1hjrH3_H4-00091-00019684-00020039 and certainly a a significant tight rope
+od1hjrH3_H4-00092-00020040-00020135 for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00093-00020136-00020319 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00094-00020320-00020527 ecb president christine lagarde to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00095-00020528-00020639 navigate
+od1hjrH3_H4-00096-00020640-00020839 as we look ahead to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00097-00020840-00021111 the upcoming week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00098-00021112-00021311 we've got quite a bit
+od1hjrH3_H4-00099-00021312-00021567 of fairly important macro data coming up
+od1hjrH3_H4-00100-00021568-00021735 but we've also got the start of u.s
+od1hjrH3_H4-00101-00021736-00021927 earnings season and i think
+od1hjrH3_H4-00102-00021928-00022086 given the current weakness that we're
+od1hjrH3_H4-00103-00022087-00022207 seeing
+od1hjrH3_H4-00104-00022208-00022422 in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00105-00022423-00022647 stock markets generally
+od1hjrH3_H4-00106-00022648-00022863 this this this earnings season is likely
+od1hjrH3_H4-00107-00022864-00023039 to be very important in the overall
+od1hjrH3_H4-00108-00023040-00023183 context
+od1hjrH3_H4-00109-00023184-00023350 of where
+od1hjrH3_H4-00110-00023351-00023607 u.s markets go next over the course of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00111-00023608-00023822 the past few days we've seen four days
+od1hjrH3_H4-00112-00023823-00024007 of gains
+od1hjrH3_H4-00113-00024008-00024199 we're heading into u.s payrolls this
+od1hjrH3_H4-00114-00024200-00024342 afternoon
+od1hjrH3_H4-00115-00024343-00024527 the debate at the moment
+od1hjrH3_H4-00116-00024528-00024767 amongst fed policy makers this week or
+od1hjrH3_H4-00117-00024768-00024927 the the minutes
+od1hjrH3_H4-00118-00024928-00025135 the fed minutes from this week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00119-00025136-00025294 suggests that the fed is entirely
+od1hjrH3_H4-00120-00025295-00025478 focused on inflation
+od1hjrH3_H4-00121-00025479-00025639 they don't have
+od1hjrH3_H4-00122-00025639-00025911 any concerns about recession or if they
+od1hjrH3_H4-00123-00025912-00026087 do they're certainly not manifested they
+od1hjrH3_H4-00124-00026088-00026287 haven't manifested themselves
+od1hjrH3_H4-00125-00026288-00026407 in the minutes where there was no
+od1hjrH3_H4-00126-00026408-00026574 mention of recession despite the fact
+od1hjrH3_H4-00127-00026575-00026727 that u.s gdp
+od1hjrH3_H4-00128-00026727-00026974 for the first quarter was confirmed at
+od1hjrH3_H4-00129-00026975-00027223 minus 1.6 percent
+od1hjrH3_H4-00130-00027224-00027462 and the fact that in the second quarter
+od1hjrH3_H4-00131-00027463-00027679 things haven't been looking that much
+od1hjrH3_H4-00132-00027680-00027855 more rosy so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00133-00027856-00028079 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00134-00028080-00028311 you know raising the prospect the the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00135-00028312-00028558 u.s economy could already be in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00136-00028560-00028823 recession particularly if the q2 gdp
+od1hjrH3_H4-00137-00028824-00028974 numbers which we get at the end of this
+od1hjrH3_H4-00138-00028975-00029167 month beginning next month
+od1hjrH3_H4-00139-00029168-00029495 also show a very weak gdp print
+od1hjrH3_H4-00140-00029495-00029727 just as a reminder a recession is
+od1hjrH3_H4-00141-00029727-00029990 technically two consecutive quarters of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00142-00029991-00030151 negative growth and we've obviously
+od1hjrH3_H4-00143-00030152-00030287 already seen one
+od1hjrH3_H4-00144-00030288-00030583 minus 1.6 we may seem we may have seen a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00145-00030583-00030831 bit of a rebound in inventory
+od1hjrH3_H4-00146-00030832-00031079 in q2 which may well save the u.s
+od1hjrH3_H4-00147-00031080-00031374 economy from a technical recession
+od1hjrH3_H4-00148-00031375-00031551 but if we look at all the the main
+od1hjrH3_H4-00149-00031552-00031767 indicators retail sales consumer
+od1hjrH3_H4-00150-00031768-00031902 confidence
+od1hjrH3_H4-00151-00031903-00032111 even the recent ism
+od1hjrH3_H4-00152-00032112-00032367 numbers they're starting to show
+od1hjrH3_H4-00153-00032368-00032518 that inflation
+od1hjrH3_H4-00154-00032519-00032735 is also starting to slow down
+od1hjrH3_H4-00155-00032736-00032983 potentially as a consequence of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00156-00032984-00033127 weaker demand
+od1hjrH3_H4-00157-00033128-00033374 the various
+od1hjrH3_H4-00158-00033375-00033639 ppi numbers pce numbers
+od1hjrH3_H4-00159-00033640-00033831 have also been in decline for the last
+od1hjrH3_H4-00160-00033832-00034046 two or three months and we've got u.s
+od1hjrH3_H4-00161-00034047-00034246 cpi coming up
+od1hjrH3_H4-00162-00034247-00034583 um later in the week along with uspi for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00163-00034584-00034695 june
+od1hjrH3_H4-00164-00034696-00034807 and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00165-00034808-00034918 i think this is one of the big
+od1hjrH3_H4-00166-00034919-00035095 conundrums that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00167-00035096-00035343 u.s central bankers are currently faced
+od1hjrH3_H4-00168-00035344-00035543 with because
+od1hjrH3_H4-00169-00035544-00035807 this week's minutes obviously the fed
+od1hjrH3_H4-00170-00035808-00036023 policymakers reiterated their hawkish
+od1hjrH3_H4-00171-00036024-00036143 stance
+od1hjrH3_H4-00172-00036144-00036390 you had christopher waller fed governor
+od1hjrH3_H4-00173-00036391-00036662 christopher waller and james bullard of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00174-00036663-00036879 the st louis fed
+od1hjrH3_H4-00175-00036880-00037039 reinforcing
+od1hjrH3_H4-00176-00037040-00037246 their belief that the 75 basis point
+od1hjrH3_H4-00177-00037247-00037502 rate hike is coming in july this month
+od1hjrH3_H4-00178-00037503-00037623 and i think that's pretty much a done
+od1hjrH3_H4-00179-00037624-00037855 deal i think the fed have to do that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00180-00037856-00038055 but i think this afternoon's payrolls
+od1hjrH3_H4-00181-00038056-00038207 report
+od1hjrH3_H4-00182-00038208-00038367 could play a part
+od1hjrH3_H4-00183-00038368-00038559 in the overall narrative when it comes
+od1hjrH3_H4-00184-00038560-00038751 to what comes after
+od1hjrH3_H4-00185-00038752-00038846 july
+od1hjrH3_H4-00186-00038847-00039055 at the moment the expectation is for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00187-00039056-00039223 some aggressive tightening front loading
+od1hjrH3_H4-00188-00039224-00039343 rate hikes
+od1hjrH3_H4-00189-00039344-00039679 75 in july our potential 75 or 50 in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00190-00039680-00039927 september
+od1hjrH3_H4-00191-00039928-00040039 but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00192-00040040-00040255 the next week or so could undermine that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00193-00040256-00040471 september narrative we've also got
+od1hjrH3_H4-00194-00040472-00040655 jackson hole as well in august so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00195-00040656-00040774 there's that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00196-00040775-00040846 but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00197-00040847-00041095 next week uscpi
+od1hjrH3_H4-00198-00041096-00041311 is expected or forecast
+od1hjrH3_H4-00199-00041312-00041630 to rise from 8.6
+od1hjrH3_H4-00200-00041631-00041839 to 8.8
+od1hjrH3_H4-00201-00041840-00042083 now that for me seems rather
+od1hjrH3_H4-00202-00042084-00042487 counterintuitive and the reason for that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00203-00042488-00042743 is that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00204-00042744-00042902 pce
+od1hjrH3_H4-00205-00042903-00043095 which is the fed's core
+od1hjrH3_H4-00206-00043096-00043439 inflation mandate has been in decline
+od1hjrH3_H4-00207-00043440-00043671 since february since it peaks in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00208-00043672-00043774 february
+od1hjrH3_H4-00209-00043775-00043999 ppi has also declined
+od1hjrH3_H4-00210-00044000-00044118 from
+od1hjrH3_H4-00211-00044119-00044295 the numbers that we saw
+od1hjrH3_H4-00212-00044296-00044639 in march down from 9.6 in march falling
+od1hjrH3_H4-00213-00044640-00044823 to 8.3
+od1hjrH3_H4-00214-00044824-00044958 in may
+od1hjrH3_H4-00215-00044959-00045271 so and we've seen pce also come down
+od1hjrH3_H4-00216-00045272-00045495 more than expected in those recent
+od1hjrH3_H4-00217-00045496-00045718 numbers now we've seen yields jump
+od1hjrH3_H4-00218-00045719-00045902 over the course of the past week or so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00219-00045903-00046079 the us 10-year yield
+od1hjrH3_H4-00220-00046080-00046318 has jumped up from
+od1hjrH3_H4-00221-00046319-00046646 closing at around about 2.88
+od1hjrH3_H4-00222-00046647-00046774 last week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00223-00046775-00047007 where we saw a big decline in yields and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00224-00047008-00047143 around about
+od1hjrH3_H4-00225-00047144-00047423 just below 3 now around about 2.97 but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00226-00047424-00047695 obviously today's payrolls numbers could
+od1hjrH3_H4-00227-00047696-00047911 move that dial quite cons significantly
+od1hjrH3_H4-00228-00047912-00048190 one way or the other a decent number
+od1hjrH3_H4-00229-00048191-00048383 a decent payroll number could push that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00230-00048384-00048615 10-year yield back above three percent a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00231-00048616-00048879 weak number and by a weak number i mean
+od1hjrH3_H4-00232-00048880-00049086 anything less than 100
+od1hjrH3_H4-00233-00049087-00049335 could actually temper those rate hike
+od1hjrH3_H4-00234-00049336-00049686 expectations um particularly if cpi next
+od1hjrH3_H4-00235-00049687-00049783 week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00236-00049784-00050095 doesn't rise from 8.6 to 8.8 but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00237-00050096-00050230 actually falls
+od1hjrH3_H4-00238-00050231-00050399 because i think what we're seeing at the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00239-00050400-00050599 moment is uscpi
+od1hjrH3_H4-00240-00050600-00050839 expectations are moving in completely
+od1hjrH3_H4-00241-00050840-00051167 the opposite direction to ppi and pce
+od1hjrH3_H4-00242-00051168-00051366 that doesn't ring that doesn't sit right
+od1hjrH3_H4-00243-00051367-00051494 with me now that's not to say that it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00244-00051495-00051623 won't happen
+od1hjrH3_H4-00245-00051624-00051775 and that's not to say that potentially
+od1hjrH3_H4-00246-00051776-00052046 we could see we're seeing some services
+od1hjrH3_H4-00247-00052047-00052150 prices
+od1hjrH3_H4-00248-00052151-00052471 filter through into these numbers
+od1hjrH3_H4-00249-00052472-00052566 but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00250-00052567-00052726 you would expect ppi to be more
+od1hjrH3_H4-00251-00052727-00052830 forward-looking and that's been in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00252-00052832-00053007 decline for the last three months so why
+od1hjrH3_H4-00253-00053008-00053230 isn't cpr going in the same direction
+od1hjrH3_H4-00254-00053232-00053526 we'll find out more on the 13th of july
+od1hjrH3_H4-00255-00053527-00053742 when we get the cpi numbers
+od1hjrH3_H4-00256-00053744-00053982 and then we get ppi the following day
+od1hjrH3_H4-00257-00053983-00054230 we've also got u.s retail sales next
+od1hjrH3_H4-00258-00054232-00054319 week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00259-00054320-00054494 and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00260-00054495-00054735 they actually fell back
+od1hjrH3_H4-00261-00054736-00054919 0.3
+od1hjrH3_H4-00262-00054920-00055047 in may
+od1hjrH3_H4-00263-00055048-00055150 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00264-00055151-00055382 and that was slightly unexpected but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00265-00055383-00055623 really was it was it really when you've
+od1hjrH3_H4-00266-00055624-00055863 got consumer confidence which has been
+od1hjrH3_H4-00267-00055864-00056038 falling significantly over the course of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00268-00056039-00056166 the past three months and has now
+od1hjrH3_H4-00269-00056167-00056407 dropped below 100 and michigan consumer
+od1hjrH3_H4-00270-00056408-00056687 confidence is at a record low
+od1hjrH3_H4-00271-00056688-00056815 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00272-00056816-00057007 june retail sales are forecast to come
+od1hjrH3_H4-00273-00057008-00057311 back at around about 0.9 now let's not
+od1hjrH3_H4-00274-00057312-00057415 forget
+od1hjrH3_H4-00275-00057416-00057615 the only decline in u.s retail sales
+od1hjrH3_H4-00276-00057616-00057830 we've seen this year was in those may
+od1hjrH3_H4-00277-00057832-00057959 numbers so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00278-00057960-00058126 we could get a bigger revision lower in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00279-00058127-00058382 those may numbers or we could get a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00280-00058383-00058687 weaker june number at the moment retail
+od1hjrH3_H4-00281-00058688-00058863 sales probably aren't telling us the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00282-00058864-00059166 whole story when it comes to how the us
+od1hjrH3_H4-00283-00059167-00059350 economy is doing but i find it difficult
+od1hjrH3_H4-00284-00059351-00059607 to square
+od1hjrH3_H4-00285-00059608-00059847 cratering consumer confidence
+od1hjrH3_H4-00286-00059848-00060063 with buoyant consumer spending
+od1hjrH3_H4-00287-00060064-00060375 i guess we'll find out on the 15th of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00288-00060376-00060663 july anyway in terms of the rebound that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00289-00060664-00060838 we've been seeing thus far in u.s
+od1hjrH3_H4-00290-00060839-00060975 markets
+od1hjrH3_H4-00291-00060976-00061142 it's been a fairly decent rebound over
+od1hjrH3_H4-00292-00061144-00061279 the course of the past
+od1hjrH3_H4-00293-00061279-00061471 couple of weeks from the time that we
+od1hjrH3_H4-00294-00061472-00061671 made those lows on the 17th of june
+od1hjrH3_H4-00295-00061672-00061887 we've been slowly trending higher but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00296-00061888-00062111 we're still very much
+od1hjrH3_H4-00297-00062112-00062406 in the context of the overall downtrend
+od1hjrH3_H4-00298-00062407-00062559 that's been in place
+od1hjrH3_H4-00299-00062560-00062838 since those peaks back in march so i'll
+od1hjrH3_H4-00300-00062839-00063087 be paying particular attention to how
+od1hjrH3_H4-00301-00063088-00063382 nasdaq behaves around these peaks here
+od1hjrH3_H4-00302-00063383-00063654 around about 3950
+od1hjrH3_H4-00303-00063655-00063847 but also the 50-day moving average and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00304-00063848-00064094 see whether or not we get a move back
+od1hjrH3_H4-00305-00064095-00064406 towards 4 000. i think 4000 is probably
+od1hjrH3_H4-00306-00064407-00064630 the most important level there in the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00307-00064632-00064782 nasdaq
+od1hjrH3_H4-00308-00064783-00064966 when it comes to the s p
+od1hjrH3_H4-00309-00064967-00065342 500 it's a similar sort of story again
+od1hjrH3_H4-00310-00065344-00065503 taking the peaks
+od1hjrH3_H4-00311-00065504-00065719 from march drawn a line through the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00312-00065720-00065959 peaks there and again 50-day moving
+od1hjrH3_H4-00313-00065960-00066063 average
+od1hjrH3_H4-00314-00066064-00066326 and i think 4 000 level there in fact
+od1hjrH3_H4-00315-00066327-00066431 that's what i was looking at in the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00316-00066432-00066543 first place
+od1hjrH3_H4-00317-00066544-00066719 so it really helps if i actually start
+od1hjrH3_H4-00318-00066720-00066863 paying attention to the charts that i'm
+od1hjrH3_H4-00319-00066864-00067119 looking at my bad ladies and gentlemen
+od1hjrH3_H4-00320-00067120-00067271 you'll have to forgive me
+od1hjrH3_H4-00321-00067272-00067431 i've drawn a slightly different line
+od1hjrH3_H4-00322-00067432-00067687 here with respect to the peaks on the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00323-00067688-00067919 nasdaq simply on the basis that is a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00324-00067920-00068119 much more volatile index
+od1hjrH3_H4-00325-00068120-00068335 so what we've got again is the 50-day
+od1hjrH3_H4-00326-00068336-00068511 moving average we've also got the peaks
+od1hjrH3_H4-00327-00068512-00068599 back in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00328-00068600-00068919 the end of june which is around about 12
+od1hjrH3_H4-00329-00068920-00069159 230. the big level i think for the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00330-00069160-00069526 nasdaq remains around about 13 000. why
+od1hjrH3_H4-00331-00069527-00069726 because it coincides with these lows
+od1hjrH3_H4-00332-00069727-00069831 here
+od1hjrH3_H4-00333-00069832-00070071 and these peaks here so that for me i
+od1hjrH3_H4-00334-00070072-00070231 think will be very important in the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00335-00070232-00070399 wider context
+od1hjrH3_H4-00336-00070400-00070591 of whether or not we get a significant
+od1hjrH3_H4-00337-00070592-00070871 turnaround and rebound in the nasdaq
+od1hjrH3_H4-00338-00070872-00071071 100. let's have a quick look at the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00339-00071072-00071215 weekly chart to see whether or not we've
+od1hjrH3_H4-00340-00071216-00071350 got any evidence of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00341-00071351-00071526 a bullish engulfing
+od1hjrH3_H4-00342-00071527-00071750 a little bit a little bit of a potential
+od1hjrH3_H4-00343-00071751-00071831 for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00344-00071832-00072047 for a bottom with a 200 week moving
+od1hjrH3_H4-00345-00072048-00072223 average so that's certainly worth
+od1hjrH3_H4-00346-00072224-00072399 keeping an eye out for given the fact
+od1hjrH3_H4-00347-00072400-00072631 that it was a fairly decent support area
+od1hjrH3_H4-00348-00072632-00073062 back in march 2020 so we are very much
+od1hjrH3_H4-00349-00073063-00073303 at a tipping point when it comes to the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00350-00073304-00073582 nasdaq 100 and the 200 week moving
+od1hjrH3_H4-00351-00073583-00073750 average so it's worth keeping an eye on
+od1hjrH3_H4-00352-00073751-00073838 that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00353-00073839-00074055 over the course of the next few days in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00354-00074056-00074279 the next few weeks let's also to quickly
+od1hjrH3_H4-00355-00074280-00074438 look back at the s p
+od1hjrH3_H4-00356-00074439-00074799 500 and similarly look at the 200 week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00357-00074800-00075055 moving average on that and again here we
+od1hjrH3_H4-00358-00075056-00075191 are back here and it's also three and a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00359-00075192-00075494 half thousand is also the 50 retracement
+od1hjrH3_H4-00360-00075495-00075838 of the entire up move from the 2020 lows
+od1hjrH3_H4-00361-00075839-00076182 to the peaks at the start of this year
+od1hjrH3_H4-00362-00076183-00076262 so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00363-00076263-00076550 certainly the 200-week moving average is
+od1hjrH3_H4-00364-00076551-00076791 likely to be the next key support level
+od1hjrH3_H4-00365-00076792-00077126 on any future move towards the downside
+od1hjrH3_H4-00366-00077127-00077350 and u.s earnings season will play a key
+od1hjrH3_H4-00367-00077351-00077479 component
+od1hjrH3_H4-00368-00077480-00077694 into that given the fact that the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00369-00077695-00077982 federal reserve has shown little sign
+od1hjrH3_H4-00370-00077983-00078191 that it is going to ease up on its rate
+od1hjrH3_H4-00371-00078192-00078438 hiking cycle
+od1hjrH3_H4-00372-00078439-00078638 that sort of brings me on to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00373-00078639-00078815 i think the narrative for next week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00374-00078816-00079111 because we've got jp morgan chase
+od1hjrH3_H4-00375-00079112-00079399 morgan stanley and citigroup second
+od1hjrH3_H4-00376-00079400-00079615 quarter earnings and we're going to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00377-00079616-00079879 start with jp morgan chase simply on the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00378-00079880-00080167 basis of the fact that it's the biggest
+od1hjrH3_H4-00379-00080168-00080382 u.s bank and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00380-00080383-00080567 i mean this this this picture really
+od1hjrH3_H4-00381-00080568-00080711 tells the story
+od1hjrH3_H4-00382-00080712-00080838 we're very much
+od1hjrH3_H4-00383-00080839-00081159 in a downtrend for jp morgan chase as we
+od1hjrH3_H4-00384-00081160-00081255 have been
+od1hjrH3_H4-00385-00081256-00081567 for morgan stanley and citigroup the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00386-00081568-00081831 direction of travel has been clear
+od1hjrH3_H4-00387-00081832-00082087 despite the prospect of higher rates u.s
+od1hjrH3_H4-00388-00082088-00082391 banks have performed poorly
+od1hjrH3_H4-00389-00082392-00082575 and they although they aren't the worst
+od1hjrH3_H4-00390-00082576-00082799 performers on the s p 500 this year the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00391-00082800-00083111 sector is still around down around 25
+od1hjrH3_H4-00392-00083112-00083287 the year to date
+od1hjrH3_H4-00393-00083288-00083543 and i think it's really concerns
+od1hjrH3_H4-00394-00083544-00083823 about a recession by year end if
+od1hjrH3_H4-00395-00083824-00084062 obviously we're not already in one
+od1hjrH3_H4-00396-00084063-00084367 um but also the impact that the higher
+od1hjrH3_H4-00397-00084368-00084559 cost of living will start to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00398-00084560-00084782 have on consumer spending
+od1hjrH3_H4-00399-00084783-00085038 in the face of rising energy
+od1hjrH3_H4-00400-00085039-00085415 and food prices we've also seen
+od1hjrH3_H4-00401-00085416-00085550 weak
+od1hjrH3_H4-00402-00085551-00085799 housing data that is also
+od1hjrH3_H4-00403-00085800-00085911 fed in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00404-00085912-00086294 to the weaker banking narrative a flat
+od1hjrH3_H4-00405-00086295-00086494 to inverted yield curve
+od1hjrH3_H4-00406-00086495-00086655 isn't helping the banks either whether
+od1hjrH3_H4-00407-00086656-00086911 you've got the u.s two-year yield above
+od1hjrH3_H4-00408-00086912-00087191 the u.s 10-year yield which is a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00409-00087192-00087550 significant um recession warning and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00410-00087551-00087687 imminent recession warning won't say
+od1hjrH3_H4-00411-00087688-00087879 imminent we're talking
+od1hjrH3_H4-00412-00087880-00088103 three to six months out always assuming
+od1hjrH3_H4-00413-00088104-00088447 that we're not already there
+od1hjrH3_H4-00414-00088448-00088735 by any measure though jp morgan's the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00415-00088736-00088999 numbers have still been fairly solid but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00416-00089000-00089150 it's really about the direction of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00417-00089151-00089415 travel it's really about the potential
+od1hjrH3_H4-00418-00089416-00089718 for only earnings growth and then at the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00419-00089719-00089887 last set of numbers
+od1hjrH3_H4-00420-00089888-00090287 um home lending was down 37
+od1hjrH3_H4-00421-00090288-00090471 mainly due to the higher interest rate
+od1hjrH3_H4-00422-00090472-00090582 environment
+od1hjrH3_H4-00423-00090583-00090767 and i think this is a trend
+od1hjrH3_H4-00424-00090768-00090982 that looks set to continue
+od1hjrH3_H4-00425-00090983-00091135 over the course
+od1hjrH3_H4-00426-00091136-00091399 of the next few weeks and the bank
+od1hjrH3_H4-00427-00091400-00091559 announced at the end
+od1hjrH3_H4-00428-00091560-00091767 of june
+od1hjrH3_H4-00429-00091768-00092111 that it was looking to reallocate over
+od1hjrH3_H4-00430-00092112-00092294 1000 employees from its mortgage
+od1hjrH3_H4-00431-00092295-00092518 business so that gives you an idea i
+od1hjrH3_H4-00432-00092519-00092718 think of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00433-00092719-00092815 how
+od1hjrH3_H4-00434-00092816-00093111 the u.s banking system is adapting to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00435-00093112-00093391 lower demand for mortgage
+od1hjrH3_H4-00436-00093392-00093535 another concern
+od1hjrH3_H4-00437-00093536-00093718 was the bank was setting aside one and a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00438-00093719-00093943 half billion dollars in various loan
+od1hjrH3_H4-00439-00093944-00094191 loss provisions due to rising inflation
+od1hjrH3_H4-00440-00094192-00094326 risks
+od1hjrH3_H4-00441-00094327-00094503 so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00442-00094504-00094767 i'll be paying particular attention to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00443-00094768-00095103 the following when it comes to u.s bank
+od1hjrH3_H4-00444-00095104-00095326 earnings and that's not just jpmorgan or
+od1hjrH3_H4-00445-00095327-00095550 citigroup wells fargo
+od1hjrH3_H4-00446-00095551-00095879 and morgan stanley it will be
+od1hjrH3_H4-00447-00095880-00096143 what are deposits doing in q1 jp morgan
+od1hjrH3_H4-00448-00096144-00096335 deposits were up 9
+od1hjrH3_H4-00449-00096336-00096494 credit and debit card spending were up
+od1hjrH3_H4-00450-00096495-00096662 by 21
+od1hjrH3_H4-00451-00096663-00097015 and card loan balances were up by 11
+od1hjrH3_H4-00452-00097016-00097262 so all of these were rising in q1
+od1hjrH3_H4-00453-00097263-00097479 will they continue to rise in q2 or
+od1hjrH3_H4-00454-00097480-00097703 we'll start to see a slowdown certainly
+od1hjrH3_H4-00455-00097704-00097887 the consumer credit numbers that we saw
+od1hjrH3_H4-00456-00097888-00098055 at the start of this year
+od1hjrH3_H4-00457-00098056-00098279 do give me a little bit of pause
+od1hjrH3_H4-00458-00098280-00098591 in terms of how sustainable
+od1hjrH3_H4-00459-00098592-00098799 the record consumer credit numbers we've
+od1hjrH3_H4-00460-00098800-00098950 been seeing over the course of the past
+od1hjrH3_H4-00461-00098951-00099159 few months we've seen numbers of 40 to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00462-00099160-00099359 50 billion dollars
+od1hjrH3_H4-00463-00099360-00099599 a month increase i mean that's just
+od1hjrH3_H4-00464-00099600-00099823 crazy stuff when you consider where it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00465-00099824-00100094 was at the end of last year still
+od1hjrH3_H4-00466-00100095-00100335 expected to see decent profits from most
+od1hjrH3_H4-00467-00100336-00100471 of these banks but i think the bigger
+od1hjrH3_H4-00468-00100472-00100662 question bill will be
+od1hjrH3_H4-00469-00100663-00100974 surrounding the outlook how do these
+od1hjrH3_H4-00470-00100975-00101438 banks see the outlook for q3 so jp
+od1hjrH3_H4-00471-00101439-00101694 morgan are due on the 14th as our morgan
+od1hjrH3_H4-00472-00101695-00101806 stanley
+od1hjrH3_H4-00473-00101807-00102023 citigroup is due
+od1hjrH3_H4-00474-00102024-00102502 on the 15th of july
+od1hjrH3_H4-00475-00102503-00102766 so if we look at all of these charts in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00476-00102767-00102854 turn
+od1hjrH3_H4-00477-00102855-00103086 we can see straight away
+od1hjrH3_H4-00478-00103088-00103215 pretty much
+od1hjrH3_H4-00479-00103216-00103318 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00480-00103319-00103510 pretty much a similar sort of pattern
+od1hjrH3_H4-00481-00103511-00103734 drifting lower maybe we're starting to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00482-00103735-00103894 carve out a little bit of a base at
+od1hjrH3_H4-00483-00103895-00104182 around about these sorts of areas of 45
+od1hjrH3_H4-00484-00104183-00104358 we will have to wait and see but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00485-00104359-00104575 certainly i think the earnings outlook
+od1hjrH3_H4-00486-00104576-00104854 is likely to be fairly challenging
+od1hjrH3_H4-00487-00104855-00105183 for u.s banks going forward and it'll be
+od1hjrH3_H4-00488-00105183-00105431 interesting to see how they see
+od1hjrH3_H4-00489-00105432-00105751 economic conditions loan growth business
+od1hjrH3_H4-00490-00105752-00105886 investment and what have you over the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00491-00105888-00106086 course of the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00492-00106088-00106375 next quarter
+od1hjrH3_H4-00493-00106376-00106663 we've also got um chinese second quarter
+od1hjrH3_H4-00494-00106664-00106839 gdp
+od1hjrH3_H4-00495-00106840-00107110 and chinese retail sales
+od1hjrH3_H4-00496-00107111-00107366 next week as well and i think the china
+od1hjrH3_H4-00497-00107367-00107575 numbers could be fairly significant they
+od1hjrH3_H4-00498-00107576-00107823 will probably get
+od1hjrH3_H4-00499-00107824-00108015 they'll probably be a little bit
+od1hjrH3_H4-00500-00108016-00108166 discounted
+od1hjrH3_H4-00501-00108167-00108375 given the announcement this week that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00502-00108376-00108583 the ministry of finance in china is
+od1hjrH3_H4-00503-00108583-00108751 reported to be
+od1hjrH3_H4-00504-00108752-00109039 bringing forward around about 220
+od1hjrH3_H4-00505-00109040-00109263 billion dollars of stimulus from
+od1hjrH3_H4-00506-00109264-00109519 next year into the second half of this
+od1hjrH3_H4-00507-00109520-00109758 year but i think what is
+od1hjrH3_H4-00508-00109759-00109895 going to be
+od1hjrH3_H4-00509-00109896-00110271 a bit of a sobering um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00510-00110272-00110463 sobering number is the chinese second
+od1hjrH3_H4-00511-00110464-00110615 quarter gdp
+od1hjrH3_H4-00512-00110616-00110934 number and the expectation because
+od1hjrH3_H4-00513-00110935-00111223 i think whichever way you slice and dice
+od1hjrH3_H4-00514-00111224-00111431 it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00515-00111432-00111543 china's
+od1hjrH3_H4-00516-00111544-00111823 gdp target for this year now looks
+od1hjrH3_H4-00517-00111824-00112078 completely unattainable let me just
+od1hjrH3_H4-00518-00112079-00112351 remind you of what is expected when it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00519-00112352-00112486 comes to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00520-00112488-00112623 second quarter
+od1hjrH3_H4-00521-00112624-00112799 to full year gdp
+od1hjrH3_H4-00522-00112800-00112919 the target of the start of the year was
+od1hjrH3_H4-00523-00112920-00113086 5.5
+od1hjrH3_H4-00524-00113088-00113478 first quarter gdp came in at 4.8
+od1hjrH3_H4-00525-00113479-00113639 second quarter gdp
+od1hjrH3_H4-00526-00113640-00113807 is probably going to struggle to get
+od1hjrH3_H4-00527-00113808-00114086 anywhere near to that given the covered
+od1hjrH3_H4-00528-00114088-00114366 lockdowns that we saw pretty much across
+od1hjrH3_H4-00529-00114367-00114583 the entire country and particularly in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00530-00114583-00114878 shanghai and beijing over the course of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00531-00114879-00115127 april may and for most of june and the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00532-00115128-00115278 stop start nature
+od1hjrH3_H4-00533-00115279-00115583 of this zero covert policy is likely to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00534-00115583-00115799 make it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00535-00115800-00116063 extremely difficult to get anywhere
+od1hjrH3_H4-00536-00116064-00116486 close to that 5.5 gdp target in fact
+od1hjrH3_H4-00537-00116488-00116734 i'll be surprised if they get
+od1hjrH3_H4-00538-00116735-00116902 anywhere close to three and a half
+od1hjrH3_H4-00539-00116903-00117007 percent
+od1hjrH3_H4-00540-00117008-00117095 given
+od1hjrH3_H4-00541-00117096-00117239 the current
+od1hjrH3_H4-00542-00117240-00117623 zero covered strategy so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00543-00117624-00117847 we've got retail sales we've got china
+od1hjrH3_H4-00544-00117848-00117958 gdp
+od1hjrH3_H4-00545-00117959-00118327 the gdp for china is expected to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00546-00118328-00118510 come in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00547-00118511-00118671 at
+od1hjrH3_H4-00548-00118672-00118902 minus 2.3
+od1hjrH3_H4-00549-00118903-00119158 on a quarterly basis
+od1hjrH3_H4-00550-00119159-00119286 and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00551-00119288-00119615 one percent on an annualized basis so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00552-00119616-00119847 4.8 was the first quarter number on an
+od1hjrH3_H4-00553-00119848-00120078 annualized basis we're expected to see a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00554-00120079-00120263 rise of one percent on an annualized
+od1hjrH3_H4-00555-00120264-00120527 basis but on a quarter on quarter basis
+od1hjrH3_H4-00556-00120528-00120783 we're expected to see a 2.3 percent
+od1hjrH3_H4-00557-00120783-00121102 contraction retail sales are also
+od1hjrH3_H4-00558-00121103-00121495 um expected to rise ever so slightly
+od1hjrH3_H4-00559-00121496-00121831 after seeing a 6.7 decline
+od1hjrH3_H4-00560-00121832-00122166 in may we're going to see a 0.4
+od1hjrH3_H4-00561-00122167-00122271 rise
+od1hjrH3_H4-00562-00122272-00122519 in june as some of the some of the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00563-00122520-00122799 chinese economy started to reopen and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00564-00122800-00122999 people were able to go out and actually
+od1hjrH3_H4-00565-00123000-00123271 spend some money having been locked down
+od1hjrH3_H4-00566-00123272-00123566 for most of april and may so we're
+od1hjrH3_H4-00567-00123567-00123814 likely to see a fairly weak number in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00568-00123815-00124102 june and if we do get a positive number
+od1hjrH3_H4-00569-00124103-00124231 well you know
+od1hjrH3_H4-00570-00124232-00124439 that that will that will at least be
+od1hjrH3_H4-00571-00124440-00124566 something but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00572-00124567-00124863 certainly um there's no indication of a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00573-00124864-00125102 significant rebound on the cards quite
+od1hjrH3_H4-00574-00125103-00125366 yet we declined 11.1 percent
+od1hjrH3_H4-00575-00125367-00125743 in april for retail sales 6.7 in may
+od1hjrH3_H4-00576-00125744-00125990 we may eat back into positive territory
+od1hjrH3_H4-00577-00125991-00126175 in june but i'm not going to be holding
+od1hjrH3_H4-00578-00126176-00126390 my breath as for industrial production
+od1hjrH3_H4-00579-00126391-00126663 we're expected to see a rise of 4.3 in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00580-00126664-00127031 june up from a 0.7 rise
+od1hjrH3_H4-00581-00127032-00127319 in may so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00582-00127320-00127631 that's industrial production um in terms
+od1hjrH3_H4-00583-00127632-00127807 of the wider
+od1hjrH3_H4-00584-00127808-00128014 wider wider markets
+od1hjrH3_H4-00585-00128015-00128214 let's look at the ftse 100 this is a
+od1hjrH3_H4-00586-00128215-00128366 weekly chart i'm just going to change it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00587-00128367-00128551 back to a daily chart
+od1hjrH3_H4-00588-00128552-00128647 and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00589-00128648-00128839 we're still very much stuck
+od1hjrH3_H4-00590-00128840-00129214 in a range i see no reason to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00591-00129215-00129390 change the range that we've been in for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00592-00129391-00129566 the course of the past
+od1hjrH3_H4-00593-00129567-00129695 12 months
+od1hjrH3_H4-00594-00129696-00129895 the bottom of that range is just below 7
+od1hjrH3_H4-00595-00129896-00130207 000 top of the range around about 7
+od1hjrH3_H4-00596-00130208-00130454 600 the recent weakness that we've seen
+od1hjrH3_H4-00597-00130455-00130710 in oil prices hasn't really impacted the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00598-00130711-00130983 ftse 100 that much although we have seen
+od1hjrH3_H4-00599-00130983-00131190 a little bit of a sell-off in bp and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00600-00131191-00131351 shell shares but certainly if we look at
+od1hjrH3_H4-00601-00131352-00131543 say for example the dax
+od1hjrH3_H4-00602-00131544-00131871 the dax has been much more affected by
+od1hjrH3_H4-00603-00131872-00132054 the recent weakness breaking below this
+od1hjrH3_H4-00604-00132055-00132271 trend line here which i can now remove
+od1hjrH3_H4-00605-00132272-00132559 and trading back towards the march lows
+od1hjrH3_H4-00606-00132560-00132751 of earlier this year making a marginal
+od1hjrH3_H4-00607-00132752-00132854 new low
+od1hjrH3_H4-00608-00132855-00133023 only a marginal one
+od1hjrH3_H4-00609-00133024-00133151 but
+od1hjrH3_H4-00610-00133152-00133247 still
+od1hjrH3_H4-00611-00133248-00133487 at around about an 18-month low 19
+od1hjrH3_H4-00612-00133488-00133783 months low um earlier this week but we
+od1hjrH3_H4-00613-00133784-00133975 were able to hold above it so that level
+od1hjrH3_H4-00614-00133976-00134359 12 400 still very much a key support
+od1hjrH3_H4-00615-00134360-00134527 area for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00616-00134528-00134678 the dax
+od1hjrH3_H4-00617-00134679-00134951 we've also got euro dollar which is now
+od1hjrH3_H4-00618-00134952-00135183 continuing now having broken below that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00619-00135184-00135383 103 40 area
+od1hjrH3_H4-00620-00135384-00135654 really does now open up the move towards
+od1hjrH3_H4-00621-00135655-00135814 parity
+od1hjrH3_H4-00622-00135815-00135943 if we look at it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00623-00135944-00136175 there and we zoom it all the way out
+od1hjrH3_H4-00624-00136176-00136511 we can see that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00625-00136512-00136775 when i zoom that out like so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00626-00136776-00136959 we've got the potential now to head
+od1hjrH3_H4-00627-00136960-00137239 towards 96.20
+od1hjrH3_H4-00628-00137240-00137495 i talked about this back in april this
+od1hjrH3_H4-00629-00137496-00137583 break
+od1hjrH3_H4-00630-00137584-00137799 of this triangular consolidation here
+od1hjrH3_H4-00631-00137800-00138031 that's been playing out over the course
+od1hjrH3_H4-00632-00138032-00138135 of the past
+od1hjrH3_H4-00633-00138136-00138335 um four or five years
+od1hjrH3_H4-00634-00138336-00138487 we broke out of it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00635-00138488-00138711 which suggested that we could we'll see
+od1hjrH3_H4-00636-00138712-00138990 a breakdown towards parity we are now
+od1hjrH3_H4-00637-00138991-00139190 starting to see that unfold and if we
+od1hjrH3_H4-00638-00139191-00139502 break below z if we break below one
+od1hjrH3_H4-00639-00139503-00139711 then my minimum price target is for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00640-00139712-00139902 96.20
+od1hjrH3_H4-00641-00139903-00140102 but overall
+od1hjrH3_H4-00642-00140103-00140319 um if you take it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00643-00140320-00140414 to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00644-00140415-00140607 its ultimate conclusion
+od1hjrH3_H4-00645-00140608-00140863 then euros probably heading towards 90
+od1hjrH3_H4-00646-00140864-00140990 over the course of the next three or
+od1hjrH3_H4-00647-00140991-00141254 four years um as a consequence of this
+od1hjrH3_H4-00648-00141255-00141471 pattern breakout and this is why i like
+od1hjrH3_H4-00649-00141472-00141823 technical analysis while it may not
+od1hjrH3_H4-00650-00141824-00142078 give you an indication of very very
+od1hjrH3_H4-00651-00142079-00142399 short-term moves in terms of direction
+od1hjrH3_H4-00652-00142400-00142678 it can be it can be a very valuable tool
+od1hjrH3_H4-00653-00142679-00142847 so certainly in terms of the overall
+od1hjrH3_H4-00654-00142848-00143111 direction for euro dollar the prognosis
+od1hjrH3_H4-00655-00143112-00143375 does not look positive and it would take
+od1hjrH3_H4-00656-00143376-00143695 a significant rebound for me to change
+od1hjrH3_H4-00657-00143696-00143990 my view of a lower euro dollar
+od1hjrH3_H4-00658-00143991-00144126 over the course of the next few months
+od1hjrH3_H4-00659-00144127-00144423 the next resistance now is 103 40 50.
+od1hjrH3_H4-00660-00144424-00144623 now that we're below that that should
+od1hjrH3_H4-00661-00144624-00144807 now act as a significant area of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00662-00144808-00145078 resistance um as does this obviously
+od1hjrH3_H4-00663-00145079-00145335 trend line through here
+od1hjrH3_H4-00664-00145336-00145543 which we would need to see a significant
+od1hjrH3_H4-00665-00145544-00145702 move above to break
+od1hjrH3_H4-00666-00145703-00145878 the downwards cycle
+od1hjrH3_H4-00667-00145879-00146071 what does that mean for cable well
+od1hjrH3_H4-00668-00146072-00146383 unfortunately cable is getting caught up
+od1hjrH3_H4-00669-00146384-00146631 in the strong dollar move and we've seen
+od1hjrH3_H4-00670-00146632-00147007 that play out with this break of 119.85
+od1hjrH3_H4-00671-00147008-00147335 this does not look promising for further
+od1hjrH3_H4-00672-00147336-00147526 cable gains the fact that we broke below
+od1hjrH3_H4-00673-00147527-00147702 one 1985
+od1hjrH3_H4-00674-00147703-00147975 potentially does open up now open us up
+od1hjrH3_H4-00675-00147976-00148295 now to move down towards 116 and 115 and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00676-00148296-00148431 if you think euro dollar is going to go
+od1hjrH3_H4-00677-00148432-00148519 down
+od1hjrH3_H4-00678-00148520-00148687 quite a bit lower
+od1hjrH3_H4-00679-00148688-00148775 then
+od1hjrH3_H4-00680-00148776-00148926 you've got to take the view that cable
+od1hjrH3_H4-00681-00148927-00149095 is probably going to do the same thing
+od1hjrH3_H4-00682-00149096-00149399 maybe not to the same extent
+od1hjrH3_H4-00683-00149400-00149663 but nonetheless
+od1hjrH3_H4-00684-00149664-00149990 the strong dollar view that i have
+od1hjrH3_H4-00685-00149991-00150263 is going to take a significant
+od1hjrH3_H4-00686-00150264-00150351 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00687-00150352-00150519 it's going to take some significant
+od1hjrH3_H4-00688-00150520-00150695 means to dislodge it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00689-00150696-00150823 given the technicals that we're
+od1hjrH3_H4-00690-00150824-00151071 currently looking at right now so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00691-00151072-00151271 certainly i think unless we can get back
+od1hjrH3_H4-00692-00151272-00151478 above 121
+od1hjrH3_H4-00693-00151479-00151719 and hold above 121
+od1hjrH3_H4-00694-00151720-00151902 then
+od1hjrH3_H4-00695-00151903-00152111 it's very difficult to make a bullish
+od1hjrH3_H4-00696-00152112-00152335 case for cable you know and i think for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00697-00152336-00152566 me
+od1hjrH3_H4-00698-00152567-00152751 i like to try and find a bullish case
+od1hjrH3_H4-00699-00152752-00152919 for cable because it's very easy to talk
+od1hjrH3_H4-00700-00152920-00153039 the pound down
+od1hjrH3_H4-00701-00153040-00153166 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00702-00153167-00153366 you know it's something that and all an
+od1hjrH3_H4-00703-00153367-00153526 awful lot of people do
+od1hjrH3_H4-00704-00153527-00153719 and it and it's hard not to it's really
+od1hjrH3_H4-00705-00153720-00153823 hard not to when you look at the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00706-00153824-00154014 fundamentals surrounding it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00707-00154015-00154190 but unless we get a break back above the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00708-00154191-00154366 50-day moving average
+od1hjrH3_H4-00709-00154367-00154639 um in the in in the medium term
+od1hjrH3_H4-00710-00154640-00154831 then the line of least resistance for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00711-00154832-00155007 cable is to sell the rallies it's again
+od1hjrH3_H4-00712-00155008-00155199 it's a strong dollar story what does
+od1hjrH3_H4-00713-00155200-00155399 that mean for euros sterling
+od1hjrH3_H4-00714-00155400-00155654 well we did break lower we broke that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00715-00155655-00155871 trend line from the lows
+od1hjrH3_H4-00716-00155872-00156119 in april
+od1hjrH3_H4-00717-00156120-00156326 we're now back towards 200-day moving
+od1hjrH3_H4-00718-00156327-00156478 average which is acting as a little bit
+od1hjrH3_H4-00719-00156479-00156590 of support
+od1hjrH3_H4-00720-00156591-00156743 but you've got to think if euro dollar
+od1hjrH3_H4-00721-00156744-00156902 is going to move quite a bit lower then
+od1hjrH3_H4-00722-00156903-00157166 euro sterling should also
+od1hjrH3_H4-00723-00157167-00157399 go the same way though not to the same
+od1hjrH3_H4-00724-00157400-00157575 extent if we look at euro sterling it's
+od1hjrH3_H4-00725-00157576-00157814 been very messy it's been very hard to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00726-00157815-00157975 predict
+od1hjrH3_H4-00727-00157976-00158111 but ultimately the fact that we've
+od1hjrH3_H4-00728-00158112-00158254 broken below
+od1hjrH3_H4-00729-00158255-00158502 these series of lows here suggests that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00730-00158503-00158799 any pullbacks around about 85 20 30
+od1hjrH3_H4-00731-00158800-00159111 could well be a decent area to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00732-00159112-00159407 sell into for a move back towards 84 and
+od1hjrH3_H4-00733-00159408-00159887 then 83 going forward um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00734-00159888-00160063 brent crude let's have a look at brent
+od1hjrH3_H4-00735-00160064-00160183 crude
+od1hjrH3_H4-00736-00160184-00160454 very quickly we broke below that line
+od1hjrH3_H4-00737-00160455-00160559 here
+od1hjrH3_H4-00738-00160560-00160751 but what we haven't done is broken below
+od1hjrH3_H4-00739-00160752-00160966 that line here on the 200-day moving
+od1hjrH3_H4-00740-00160967-00161071 average
+od1hjrH3_H4-00741-00161072-00161247 and we've also got potentially a little
+od1hjrH3_H4-00742-00161248-00161431 bit of a bullish reversal there
+od1hjrH3_H4-00743-00161432-00161671 certainly a weaker oil price helps
+od1hjrH3_H4-00744-00161672-00161823 it would also help if the pound didn't
+od1hjrH3_H4-00745-00161824-00162078 go down as well but certainly the the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00746-00162079-00162239 rise that we've seen in brent crew
+od1hjrH3_H4-00747-00162240-00162454 prices and the subsequent fall
+od1hjrH3_H4-00748-00162455-00162743 from the june peaks has helped soften
+od1hjrH3_H4-00749-00162744-00162847 the blow
+od1hjrH3_H4-00750-00162848-00163007 when it comes to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00751-00163008-00163239 higher fuel prices though not not that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00752-00163240-00163439 you'd know it if you looked at the price
+od1hjrH3_H4-00753-00163440-00163711 of the pump right now which
+od1hjrH3_H4-00754-00163712-00163883 means that
+od1hjrH3_H4-00755-00163884-00164159 ultimately the the government needs to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00756-00164160-00164319 look at potentially
+od1hjrH3_H4-00757-00164320-00164463 cutting duty
+od1hjrH3_H4-00758-00164464-00164678 on petrol prices even further to
+od1hjrH3_H4-00759-00164679-00164919 alleviate the cost of living crisis
+od1hjrH3_H4-00760-00164920-00165207 for uh ordinary people but this 200-day
+od1hjrH3_H4-00761-00165208-00165351 moving average
+od1hjrH3_H4-00762-00165352-00165607 and the support from those previous lows
+od1hjrH3_H4-00763-00165608-00165814 is a key barrier to further oil losses
+od1hjrH3_H4-00764-00165815-00166111 but certainly oil can go lower but the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00765-00166112-00166359 reason for oil going lower
+od1hjrH3_H4-00766-00166360-00166535 will be a negative one it will because
+od1hjrH3_H4-00767-00166536-00166695 the global economy is going into
+od1hjrH3_H4-00768-00166696-00166935 recession amid spheres of demand
+od1hjrH3_H4-00769-00166936-00167102 destruction
+od1hjrH3_H4-00770-00167103-00167207 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00771-00167208-00167487 more broadly so you know even oil going
+od1hjrH3_H4-00772-00167488-00167631 lower is probably not going to be the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00773-00167632-00167895 most positive thing um in terms of the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00774-00167896-00168031 global economy but what's the
+od1hjrH3_H4-00775-00168032-00168447 alternative um prices up 140 150 which
+od1hjrH3_H4-00776-00168448-00168607 ultimately will do the same thing in any
+od1hjrH3_H4-00777-00168608-00168743 case so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00778-00168744-00168831 um
+od1hjrH3_H4-00779-00168832-00169063 that that's essentially where we are
+od1hjrH3_H4-00780-00169064-00169478 anyway so um that's i think it for this
+od1hjrH3_H4-00781-00169479-00169663 week one other thing we've got a bank of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00782-00169664-00169823 canada rate decision i almost forgot
+od1hjrH3_H4-00783-00169824-00169966 that on my sheet
+od1hjrH3_H4-00784-00169967-00170223 um looking at the bank looking at dollar
+od1hjrH3_H4-00785-00170224-00170390 cad
+od1hjrH3_H4-00786-00170391-00170575 i think expectations for next week for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00787-00170576-00170687 the cad
+od1hjrH3_H4-00788-00170688-00170975 are for another 50 basis point rate hike
+od1hjrH3_H4-00789-00170976-00171159 from the bank of canada there's also
+od1hjrH3_H4-00790-00171160-00171311 they've also there's also a payroll
+od1hjrH3_H4-00791-00171312-00171543 report later to the day
+od1hjrH3_H4-00792-00171544-00171647 from
+od1hjrH3_H4-00793-00171648-00171790 uh
+od1hjrH3_H4-00794-00171791-00172023 from from the canadian
+od1hjrH3_H4-00795-00172024-00172254 economy and again wage growth here is
+od1hjrH3_H4-00796-00172255-00172447 likely to be the key driver
+od1hjrH3_H4-00797-00172448-00172535 for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00798-00172536-00172783 the canada jobs numbers
+od1hjrH3_H4-00799-00172784-00173087 but certainly the expectation is having
+od1hjrH3_H4-00800-00173088-00173343 seen the bank of canada go by 50 basis
+od1hjrH3_H4-00801-00173344-00173719 points at its most recent rate meeting
+od1hjrH3_H4-00802-00173720-00173863 we could well
+od1hjrH3_H4-00803-00173864-00174199 see them go by 50 again though
+od1hjrH3_H4-00804-00174200-00174431 if the fed is going to go by 75 maybe
+od1hjrH3_H4-00805-00174432-00174654 the bank of canada could do 75 next week
+od1hjrH3_H4-00806-00174655-00174783 so that's certainly worth bearing in
+od1hjrH3_H4-00807-00174784-00174999 mind but certainly we'll get 50 next
+od1hjrH3_H4-00808-00175000-00175207 week from the bank of canada outside
+od1hjrH3_H4-00809-00175208-00175478 chance we could get 75 basis points as
+od1hjrH3_H4-00810-00175479-00175671 it looks to front run the fed ahead of
+od1hjrH3_H4-00811-00175672-00175878 its july decision
+od1hjrH3_H4-00812-00175879-00176135 okay so
+od1hjrH3_H4-00813-00176136-00176295 that's pretty much it
+od1hjrH3_H4-00814-00176296-00176375 for
+od1hjrH3_H4-00815-00176376-00176614 this week once again thank you very much
+od1hjrH3_H4-00816-00176615-00176743 for listening
+od1hjrH3_H4-00817-00176744-00176966 this is michael hewson talking to you
+od1hjrH3_H4-00818-00176967-00177427 from cmc markets
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00000-00000000-00000214 in the speaking industry I am known for
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00001-00000215-00000632 phrase specificity builds credibility I
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00002-00000633-00000857 learned it from one of my colleagues in
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00003-00000858-00001307 Silicon Valley David Palmer every day I
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00004-00001308-00001745 listen to intelligent experienced
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00005-00001746-00002096 engineers leaders experts in every field
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00006-00002097-00002588 and they are sloppy speakers if you want
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00007-00002589-00002948 to build your credibility listen to what
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00008-00002949-00003299 you say record casual conversations your
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00009-00003300-00003575 side of the phone how you leave meetings
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00010-00003576-00003926 and you will find how often intelligent
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00011-00003927-00004268 people use the word stuff stuff is
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00012-00004269-00004495 debris and rubbish
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00013-00004496-00004963 what do you mean also in everyday
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00014-00004964-00005320 conversation we do not prepare what
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00015-00005321-00005525 we're going to say and it is more
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00016-00005526-00006020 logical to be nonspecific however the
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00017-00006021-00006359 best important conversations and
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00018-00006360-00006631 presentations are better if you review
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00019-00006633-00006863 and build skills into everyday
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00020-00006864-00007169 conversation the question I ask my
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00021-00007170-00007408 clients more than any other is
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00022-00007409-00007727 specifically what do you mean by thing I
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00023-00007728-00008173 recently listened to an expert someone I
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00024-00008175-00008474 am a big fan of his expertise on
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00025-00008475-00008785 marketing and for the first hour I
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00026-00008786-00009077 listened to every comment he made and
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00027-00009078-00009424 every time he said thing which was about
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00028-00009425-00010174 25 I gave two suggestions of what he
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00029-00010175-00010846 probably meant the next is tons you do
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00030-00010847-00011371 not get tons of ideas you get three
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00031-00011372-00011938 pages of notes 16 actual items when you
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00032-00011939-00012251 go to a networking event oh I met tons
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00033-00012252-00012478 of interesting people no you didn't you
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00034-00012479-00012752 met two dozen interesting people of
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00035-00012753-00013094 which you probably had seven meaningful
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00036-00013094-00013261 conversations too
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00037-00013262-00013593 you are following up for business
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00038-00013594-00013957 conversations - you are looking forward
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00039-00013958-00014247 to seeing socially be specific
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00040-00014247-00014593 specificity builds your credibility and
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00041-00014594-00014857 the more credibility you have in any
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00042-00014858-00015156 position you owned the more you will
+ogmOG49Ymgy-00043-00015157-00015406 succeed
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00000-00000084-00000186 foreign
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00001-00000187-00000437 hello everyone my name is Carlos
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00002-00000438-00000707 navarrete Leon I'm from Colombia and I'm
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00003-00000708-00001049 PhD student at the UCL medical physics
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00004-00001050-00001231 and bioengineering Department
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00005-00001232-00001474 and my research focuses on the
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00006-00001475-00001660 development of new x-ray Imaging
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00007-00001661-00001882 Technologies basically to push the
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00008-00001884-00002051 technology so that they can see things
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00009-00002052-00002773 that were invisible to x-rays until now
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00010-00002774-00003041 what inspired me to work in this field
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00011-00003042-00003322 well I was trained originally as a
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00012-00003323-00003617 physicist and I was always looking
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00013-00003618-00003797 forward to see
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00014-00003797-00003875 um
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00015-00003876-00004067 the application of what I was learning
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00016-00004068-00004336 and I think medical physics gave me a
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00017-00004337-00004601 very meaningful field in which I could
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00018-00004602-00004852 apply my skills basically to
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00019-00004853-00005075 improve People's Health which I think is
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00020-00005076-00005309 one of the
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00021-00005310-00005602 most important things to work for at the
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00022-00005603-00005951 moment
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00023-00005952-00006215 in medical physicist at irmr
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00024-00006216-00006322 um
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00025-00006323-00006556 and these were very likely be William
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00026-00006558-00006769 rongan or or
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00027-00006770-00007120 hounsfield basically the first one this
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00028-00007122-00007475 covered x-rays almost by chance and the
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00029-00007476-00007696 second one pushed the technology to a
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00030-00007697-00007925 level in which
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00031-00007926-00008224 found a bunch of applications across
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00032-00008225-00008374 different fields in the medical Sciences
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00033-00008375-00008578 which was basically the invention of
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00034-00008579-00009077 computer tomography
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00035-00009078-00009257 where at the moment the most the most
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00036-00009258-00009539 exciting thing about medical physics is
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00037-00009540-00009701 being involved
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00038-00009702-00010031 in a field in general Healthcare that I
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00039-00010032-00010421 believe as many of us um suffer because
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00040-00010422-00010842 of the pandemic it's going to be a
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00041-00010843-00011128 a really key field to work especially
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00042-00011129-00011369 towards developing novel technologies
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00043-00011370-00011578 that improve People's Health but also
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00044-00011579-00011771 that
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00045-00011772-00012119 make Healthcare assistance much more
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00046-00012120-00012520 equal so that's it for me thank you and
+ohSiU5dDj6u-00047-00012521-00012896 well happy day of medical physics
+ohUYccHKWNk-00000-00000012-00000095 [Music]
+ohUYccHKWNk-00001-00000096-00000256 foreign
+ohUYccHKWNk-00003-00008402-00009028 thank you
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+ohUYccHKWNk-00013-00020612-00023377 [Music]
+ohUYccHKWNk-00014-00023378-00023586 very much
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+oicsNCOpH2Y-00001-00000752-00001047 quincy jones elizabeth taylor and liza
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00002-00001048-00001295 minnelli president reagan sent a taped
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00003-00001296-00001519 message and whitney houston sang america
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00004-00001520-00001671 the beautiful michael received an
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00005-00001672-00001855 honorary doctorate from fisk university
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00006-00001855-00002063 and made what was for him a long speech
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00007-00002064-00002342 believe i'm nervous
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00008-00002343-00002558 michael went on to thank god his friends
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00009-00002559-00002734 and his parents and also talked about
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00010-00002735-00002887 why he was there
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00011-00002888-00003087 about the united new york college fund
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00012-00003088-00003303 an education opens a person's mind to
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00013-00003304-00003463 the entire world
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00014-00003464-00003647 there is nothing more important than to
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00015-00003647-00003831 make sure everyone has the opportunity
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00016-00003832-00004006 for an education
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00017-00004007-00004151 to want to learn
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00018-00004152-00004375 to have the capacity to learn and not to
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00019-00004376-00004631 be able to is a tragedy
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00020-00004632-00004815 i am honored to be associated with an
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00021-00004816-00005054 evening that says this will never happen
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00022-00005055-00005351 thank you i love you all
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00023-00005352-00005575 michael by popular vote throughout the
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00024-00005576-00005831 entire world your video has been chosen
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00025-00005832-00005999 pepsi is number one
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00026-00006000-00006183 this includes countries as diverse as
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00027-00006184-00006559 russia japan the usa australia spain
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00028-00006559-00006734 france and italy
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00029-00006736-00006895 these countries may disagree on many
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00030-00006895-00007127 issues but it's great to know they all
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00031-00007128-00007334 agree on at least one that michael
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00032-00007336-00007527 jackson is their favorite video artist
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00033-00007528-00007734 in the world a megastar and the
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00034-00007736-00008031 undisputed king of pop rock and soul
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00035-00008031-00008159 this is for you
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00036-00008159-00008335 thank you you're welcome
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00037-00008336-00008535 again this is a great honor thank you
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00038-00008536-00009791 very very much
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00039-00009792-00010039 to our show affairs where our little
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00040-00010040-00010151 lady here
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00041-00010152-00010678 i also have a teacher
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00042-00010679-00010871 michael jackson
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00043-00010872-00011151 the king of fox
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00044-00011152-00013081 [Music]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00045-00013082-00013791 [Music]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00046-00013793-00014038 [Music]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00047-00014040-00014163 let him let
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00048-00014165-00014647 [Music]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00049-00014647-00015299 okay
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00050-00015300-00015929 [Music]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00051-00015930-00018007 [Music]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00052-00018008-00019767 uh
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00053-00019768-00021184 real ugh
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00054-00021185-00021354 [Music]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00055-00021355-00021642 [Applause]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00056-00021643-00022407 [Music]
+oicsNCOpH2Y-00057-00022408-00022615 you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00000-00000159-00000359 let's get into some co-wash
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00001-00000360-00000615 business hey youtube fam welcome back to
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00002-00000616-00000759 my channel or if you're new
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00003-00000760-00000999 my name is alyssa marie welcome i hope
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00004-00001000-00001158 everybody's managing to stay home and
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00005-00001159-00001199 stay
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00006-00001200-00001407 safe and do what we all gotta do in
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00007-00001408-00001527 order to get back
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00008-00001528-00001743 to normal life so for today i realized
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00009-00001744-00001910 that i have filmed a video
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00010-00001911-00002102 all about why i don't use shampoo but i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00011-00002103-00002295 actually haven't ever elaborated on
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00012-00002296-00002431 co-wash itself
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00013-00002432-00002567 so today we're going to get into all the
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00014-00002568-00002695 details i'm going to share with you some
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00015-00002696-00002879 of my favorite co-washes because i like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00016-00002880-00003087 them all for like different reasons
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00017-00003088-00003399 and then also get into how i cater my
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00018-00003400-00003527 natural hair regimen
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00019-00003528-00003711 to the fact that i co-wash regularly
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00020-00003711-00003854 we're going to get into all the details
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00021-00003855-00003919 about
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00022-00003920-00004111 is co-wash actually good some issues
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00023-00004112-00004247 that you can come across like we're
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00024-00004248-00004351 going to go over everything
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00025-00004352-00004511 but before we get started please go
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00026-00004512-00004686 ahead and hit that subscribe button it's
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00027-00004687-00004806 only right
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00028-00004807-00004975 it only takes two seconds of your life
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00029-00004976-00005151 and you won't regret it i promise
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00030-00005152-00005327 let's get started all right so if you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00031-00005328-00005583 have no idea what co-washing means
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00032-00005584-00005767 basically it means to wash your hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00033-00005768-00005911 with the conditioner so you're using
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00034-00005912-00006063 cleansing conditioners
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00035-00006064-00006263 to wash your hair cleanse your hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00036-00006264-00006414 instead of using a shampoo
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00037-00006415-00006559 now the reason why a lot of curly girls
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00038-00006559-00006742 like to do this is because traditional
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00039-00006743-00006831 shampoo can be
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00040-00006831-00007063 very very harsh so basically most
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00041-00007064-00007231 traditional shampoos have a chemical in
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00042-00007231-00007342 there called sodium
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00043-00007343-00007639 lauryl sulfate and that is literally
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00044-00007640-00007791 like the same kind of thing that they
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00045-00007792-00007927 use in detergents
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00046-00007928-00008119 and that's really what makes it lather
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00047-00008120-00008295 and get so cleansing but it is so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00048-00008296-00008535 harsh that it can be very stripping to
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00049-00008536-00008631 your hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00050-00008632-00008871 and it's just not good to be using that
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00051-00008872-00009046 consistently over and over and over
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00052-00009047-00009087 again
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00053-00009088-00009223 especially if you're like me and you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00054-00009224-00009391 like to wash your hair more than once a
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00055-00009392-00009446 week
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00056-00009447-00009695 if you use shampoo that often you could
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00057-00009696-00009863 end up with very super dry
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00058-00009864-00010167 and frizzy and just dehydrated curls so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00059-00010168-00010231 although
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00060-00010232-00010471 shampoo is very deeply cleansing it can
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00061-00010472-00010687 also be very harsh so this is why i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00062-00010688-00010831 personally prefer co-wash you kind of
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00063-00010832-00010983 get the best of both worlds you get that
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00064-00010984-00011135 cleanse but it's also like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00065-00011136-00011327 conditioning and moisturizing your hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00066-00011328-00011519 at the same time with certain co washes
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00067-00011520-00011646 you might even find that you don't even
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00068-00011647-00011823 need to follow on with the conditioner
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00069-00011824-00011983 afterwards it's kind of like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00070-00011984-00012191 cleansing and conditioning in one step
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00071-00012192-00012342 so you already know i am a
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00072-00012343-00012631 huge fan of co-washing but i do have to
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00073-00012632-00012791 mention that i don't think co-washing is
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00074-00012792-00012999 necessarily for everyone so i have been
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00075-00013000-00013199 blessed to not have any scalp issues any
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00076-00013200-00013415 hair issues sensitivity issues nothing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00077-00013416-00013527 like that but
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00078-00013528-00013694 if you are someone with scalp
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00079-00013695-00013886 sensitivity issues i would definitely
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00080-00013887-00014094 suggest that you stick with shampoos
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00081-00014095-00014311 and in that case you might want to use
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00082-00014312-00014455 shampoos like nowadays they have the
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00083-00014456-00014647 shampoos that are sulfate free silicone
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00084-00014647-00014719 free
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00085-00014719-00015007 um mineral oil free like they have the
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00086-00015008-00015175 decent shampoos out there now
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00087-00015176-00015471 so if you find that you do actually need
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00088-00015472-00015543 shampoo
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00089-00015544-00015727 i would suggest you go that route and
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00090-00015728-00015903 then also just limit the amount
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00091-00015904-00016055 of times that you use it and if you're
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00092-00016056-00016255 like me and you prefer to wash your hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00093-00016256-00016422 more than once a week maybe like twice a
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00094-00016423-00016622 week you can pick one day to do like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00095-00016623-00016799 your shampoo wash and then
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00096-00016800-00017015 the other day to just do a light like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00097-00017016-00017183 co-wash but for me personally
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00098-00017184-00017399 my curls just respond so well to using
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00099-00017400-00017591 co-washes regularly that that's just
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00100-00017592-00017663 what i do
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00101-00017664-00017847 i like it because there's no lathering
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00102-00017848-00018022 element so i never feel like my hair is
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00103-00018023-00018135 being stripped
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00104-00018136-00018279 but then at the same time i still get
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00105-00018280-00018463 that cleansing feeling
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00106-00018464-00018694 that i need i also love the flexibility
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00107-00018695-00018871 of being able to wash my hair as often
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00108-00018872-00018943 as i want
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00109-00018944-00019183 when i'm using co-wash i know back in
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00110-00019184-00019335 the day everyone used to be like oh you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00111-00019336-00019471 can't wash your hair every single day
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00112-00019472-00019614 blah blah girl if you want to wash your
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00113-00019615-00019647 hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00114-00019648-00019911 every day that is fine as long as you're
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00115-00019912-00019983 not using
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00116-00019984-00020230 shampoo every day i feel like that was
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00117-00020231-00020327 kind of
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00118-00020328-00020575 the thing like using shampoo so often
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00119-00020576-00020694 could really just
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00120-00020695-00020950 absolutely mess up your hair but if you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00121-00020951-00021063 want to wash your hair every day with
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00122-00021064-00021199 co-wash it is pretty
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00123-00021200-00021358 much fine as long as you like don't
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00124-00021359-00021535 overdo it they say that your hair should
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00125-00021536-00021614 fully dry
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00126-00021615-00021822 again before you wash it again and you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00127-00021823-00021950 also don't want to like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00128-00021951-00022127 over moisturize and condition your hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00129-00022128-00022294 so really at the end of the day as i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00130-00022295-00022494 always like to say it's all a matter of
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00131-00022495-00022678 you listening to your curls and figuring
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00132-00022679-00022863 out what they want because your scalp
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00133-00022864-00023022 and your curls will talk to you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00134-00023023-00023214 so because i co-wash regularly like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00135-00023215-00023407 that's like the way that i cleanse my
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00136-00023408-00023455 hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00137-00023456-00023671 there are two main things that i do in
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00138-00023672-00023863 order to make sure that i don't get any
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00139-00023864-00023975 build up build up
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00140-00023976-00024191 is bad you don't want to deal with build
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00141-00024192-00024383 up because that can cause
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00142-00024384-00024614 all kinds of issues lack of hair growth
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00143-00024615-00024758 dryness frizziness
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00144-00024759-00024950 hair fallout you just don't want to put
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00145-00024951-00025086 your hair in a situation where there's
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00146-00025087-00025303 just a ton of buildup on your scalp
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00147-00025304-00025486 or like a ton of buildup of product on
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00148-00025487-00025743 your hair itself it's just a big
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00149-00025744-00026062 no-no so first i make sure that i always
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00150-00026063-00026367 do a super deep scalp cleanse every
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00151-00026368-00026423 month
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00152-00026424-00026599 so i filmed a whole video on this if you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00153-00026600-00026751 guys want to check that out i will link
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00154-00026752-00026799 it up here
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00155-00026800-00027062 but basically i just make sure that i do
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00156-00027063-00027262 a super deep cleanse i use specific
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00157-00027263-00027414 products to make sure that my scalp and
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00158-00027416-00027607 my curls are nice and clarified so that
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00159-00027608-00027751 way it kind of all balances out i'm
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00160-00027752-00027902 co-washing regularly and then once a
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00161-00027904-00028039 month it's like boom i get that
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00162-00028039-00028183 clarifying cleanse that i need and then
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00163-00028183-00028279 we're refreshed
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00164-00028280-00028439 to go again so the second thing that i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00165-00028439-00028687 make sure to do or i guess like don't do
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00166-00028688-00029007 is to not use products with silicones in
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00167-00029008-00029031 it
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00168-00029032-00029302 so silicones are not water soluble
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00169-00029304-00029399 they're like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00170-00029400-00029655 liquidy plastic basically and when you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00171-00029656-00029855 use a lot of silicones in your hair over
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00172-00029856-00029958 and over and over again
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00173-00029960-00030302 that is build up silicones equal buildup
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00174-00030303-00030495 especially if you're using co-washes
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00175-00030495-00030702 because co-washes are such
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00176-00030703-00030911 a much more lightweight cleanse so you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00177-00030912-00031095 will have a much harder time
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00178-00031095-00031302 trying to wash out silicones out of your
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00179-00031303-00031431 hair properly
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00180-00031432-00031702 with co-wash so i'm always always always
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00181-00031703-00031870 checking the back of my products to make
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00182-00031872-00032070 sure they don't have silicones so those
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00183-00032072-00032199 are the two main things that i do to
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00184-00032200-00032327 make sure that co-washing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00185-00032327-00032511 works properly for me and i've been
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00186-00032512-00032743 doing this kind of routine for a while
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00187-00032744-00032911 and i think the balance of the co-wash
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00188-00032912-00033087 and then the monthly deep cleanse
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00189-00033088-00033239 just works really really well for my
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00190-00033240-00033471 curls they respond so nicely
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00191-00033472-00033751 and it just really really works well for
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00192-00033752-00033983 me if you are using co-wash regularly
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00193-00033984-00034079 just like me i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00194-00034080-00034351 highly highly recommend that you take
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00195-00034352-00034518 those two steps seriously as well
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00196-00034519-00034671 all right so now we kind of got all that
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00197-00034672-00034862 technical stuff out of the way let's
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00198-00034863-00035039 jump in and talk about my
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00199-00035040-00035407 actual favorite co-washes so i have four
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00200-00035408-00035646 that i would say are my top co-washes
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00201-00035647-00035790 ever i've tried a lot some have been
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00202-00035791-00035879 disappointing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00203-00035880-00036102 and then these four kind of just stood
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00204-00036103-00036311 out to me and they're kind of my go-to
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00205-00036312-00036535 literally these four all stay in my
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00206-00036536-00036767 shower and i kind of rotate them and use
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00207-00036768-00036799 them
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00208-00036800-00036967 at different times depending on what my
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00209-00036968-00037199 curls and my scalp are asking me for
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00210-00037200-00037471 i don't know scientifically if one
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00211-00037472-00037639 co-wash can cleanse better than the
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00212-00037640-00037735 other but
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00213-00037736-00037918 i know for me like when i'm using them
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00214-00037919-00038087 some of them just feel a little bit more
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00215-00038088-00038183 cleansing than others
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00216-00038184-00038423 alright so in no particular order let's
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00217-00038424-00038583 first talk about the carecare
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00218-00038584-00038783 moisturizing co-wash so i like this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00219-00038784-00038974 co-wash because it's exactly what it is
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00220-00038975-00039039 it is a
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00221-00039040-00039407 moisturizing co-wash it is so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00222-00039408-00039574 so moisturizing and it makes my hair
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00223-00039575-00039735 feel very very soft
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00224-00039736-00039871 it also has a good amount of slip so it
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00225-00039872-00040015 makes it a little bit easy to finger
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00226-00040016-00040190 detangle in the shower as well
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00227-00040191-00040367 i also like the fact that on the bottle
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00228-00040368-00040583 it actually says four natural hair types
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00229-00040584-00040662 three to four
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00230-00040663-00040951 so for me being a type three slash four
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00231-00040952-00041030 girl
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00232-00041031-00041174 i'm like wow this is specifically
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00233-00041175-00041351 formulated for me and the way that it
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00234-00041352-00041518 works in my curls is just really really
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00235-00041519-00041558 nice
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00236-00041559-00041758 it's just super moisturizing for me so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00237-00041759-00041887 if i ever find that
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00238-00041888-00042071 i need to cleanse but my hair is feeling
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00239-00042072-00042262 a little bit dry a little brittle
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00240-00042263-00042439 this is what i would reach for all right
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00241-00042440-00042623 next let's talk about the curlsmith curl
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00242-00042624-00042695 quenching
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00243-00042696-00042999 conditioning wash so this is actually a
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00244-00043000-00043158 recent addition to my list
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00245-00043159-00043543 but oh my gosh so bomb so i have to say
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00246-00043544-00043599 it's a
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00247-00043600-00043823 little bit similar to this one but this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00248-00043824-00043902 just
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00249-00043903-00044239 smells so good if i had to choose if
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00250-00044240-00044399 y'all are forcing me to choose like if
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00251-00044400-00044439 you
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00252-00044440-00044615 are watching this video and say list i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00253-00044616-00044743 can only afford one
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00254-00044744-00045015 which one would you suggest i would have
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00255-00045016-00045143 to say this one
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00256-00045144-00045430 just because it i don't know the
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00257-00045431-00045590 consistency of it kind of just
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00258-00045591-00045758 melts in your hair as you're using it
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00259-00045759-00045951 it's just so good i find that with curl
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00260-00045952-00046111 smith products in general
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00261-00046112-00046287 just melts into my curls and just feels
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00262-00046288-00046462 so delicious this also
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00263-00046463-00046751 smells like heaven it is amazing and i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00264-00046752-00046902 also really like the fact that this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00265-00046903-00046974 brand is
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00266-00046975-00047286 really they really pride themselves on
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00267-00047287-00047407 using much more natural
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00268-00047408-00047607 and like healthy ingredients so this has
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00269-00047608-00047767 no sulfates parabens
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00270-00047768-00048095 silicones mineral oils dea like none of
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00271-00048096-00048271 that toxic stuff so i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00272-00048272-00048407 love that actually none of these
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00273-00048408-00048551 actually have any of that kind of stuff
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00274-00048552-00048727 because i'm about that life
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00275-00048728-00049030 um but yeah this is so bomb so i would
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00276-00049031-00049223 say out of all four of these i use this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00277-00049224-00049335 the most frequently
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00278-00049336-00049543 because it's as equally moisturizing as
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00279-00049544-00049686 it is cleansing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00280-00049687-00049855 at first when i use this i was like so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00281-00049856-00050030 nervous because it was so moisturizing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00282-00050031-00050190 that i was worried like oh my gosh this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00283-00050191-00050367 is actually even gonna cleanse my curls
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00284-00050368-00050415 but
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00285-00050416-00050662 when i wash it out it just feels super
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00286-00050663-00050862 super cleansing to me so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00287-00050863-00051086 i pick this up and use this most
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00288-00051087-00051199 frequently for sure
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00289-00051200-00051399 it's got like a perfect balance between
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00290-00051400-00051614 very moisturizing and very cleansing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00291-00051615-00051838 all right next let's talk about the as i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00292-00051839-00052054 am coconut co-wash i feel like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00293-00052055-00052366 this is a naturalista cult favorite like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00294-00052367-00052566 everybody talks about this everybody has
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00295-00052567-00052782 this first of all i just love that it is
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00296-00052783-00052982 in this big old jar i love being able to
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00297-00052983-00053119 scoop out as much as i need
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00298-00053120-00053326 instead of having to squeeze it out now
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00299-00053327-00053447 this is one of my more
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00300-00053448-00053679 cleansing co-washes i don't know like
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00301-00053679-00053919 something about it once it washes out
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00302-00053920-00054223 it is so super cleansing my scalp also
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00303-00054224-00054375 seems to really really love this this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00304-00054376-00054526 also has a really
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00305-00054527-00054735 really great amount of slip as well so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00306-00054736-00054942 it's very easy to finger detangle and i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00307-00054944-00055063 think this is also
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00308-00055064-00055342 very very good especially for type 4
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00309-00055344-00055430 hair so if you have
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00310-00055432-00055742 coarser tighter coils this is
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00311-00055744-00055926 bomb all right and then last but
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00312-00055927-00056079 certainly not least
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00313-00056079-00056287 let's talk about this camille rose
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00314-00056288-00056479 cleansing milk so camille rose just
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00315-00056479-00056535 recently
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00316-00056536-00056703 launched these milk so this is also
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00317-00056704-00056966 another recent addition to my collection
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00318-00056967-00057230 they have different flavors if you will
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00319-00057232-00057454 so it has flaxseed milk and rose powder
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00320-00057455-00057615 and it's meant to give your curls
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00321-00057616-00057759 definition so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00322-00057760-00057982 i recently used this when i first used
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00323-00057983-00058126 it i'm not gonna lie like i was
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00324-00058127-00058294 like as i was applying it in my curls i
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00325-00058295-00058479 was kind of like oh i'm not so sure
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00326-00058479-00058559 about this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00327-00058560-00058887 like oh it feels kind of weird but
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00328-00058888-00059215 it is so so good once this washed out
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00329-00059216-00059399 it was very cleansing but then it also
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00330-00059400-00059615 left my hair so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00331-00059616-00059942 so soft like crazy soft i think these
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00332-00059944-00060015 two
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00333-00060016-00060206 tie for being like the most cleansing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00334-00060207-00060382 conditioners that i have this is also
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00335-00060383-00060542 very very different from the other
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00336-00060544-00060759 co-washes that i've mentioned it is
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00337-00060760-00061038 super super natural like has the most
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00338-00061039-00061215 natural ingredients i think out of all
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00339-00061216-00061438 of these so it also has a very high
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00340-00061439-00061694 content of rose flower extract that is
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00341-00061695-00061815 the second ingredient
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00342-00061816-00061982 listed on the back here so you know it's
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00343-00061983-00062159 kind of filled with that and
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00344-00062160-00062319 rose flower is meant to be really really
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00345-00062320-00062575 good like anti-inflammatory
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00346-00062576-00062775 it's calming it's really good for the
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00347-00062776-00062942 scalp for anti-itching
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00348-00062944-00063135 it's just really calming and soothing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00349-00063136-00063287 overall for your hair so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00350-00063288-00063438 if you do have scalp issues this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00351-00063439-00063575 actually might be something really
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00352-00063576-00063742 really nice just because of the rose in
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00353-00063744-00063775 it
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00354-00063776-00064063 otherwise this is super super cleansing
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00355-00064064-00064223 this definitely does not
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00356-00064224-00064487 have as much slip as the other three
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00357-00064488-00064566 that i mentioned
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00358-00064567-00064719 but i can definitely still get through
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00359-00064720-00064982 with detangling with my fingers for sure
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00360-00064983-00065215 so yeah those are basically my favorite
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00361-00065216-00065287 top four
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00362-00065288-00065503 co-washes at the moment there's still so
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00363-00065504-00065655 many out there that i haven't gone to
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00364-00065656-00065750 try yet
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00365-00065751-00065911 but i'm gonna keep trying and i will
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00366-00065912-00066135 continue to do like updated videos
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00367-00066136-00066303 i really hope you guys found this useful
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00368-00066304-00066431 if you have any other additional
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00369-00066432-00066487 questions
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00370-00066488-00066694 all about co-washing i love to talk
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00371-00066695-00066806 about this kind of stuff
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00372-00066807-00067006 so go ahead and comment below let me
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00373-00067007-00067191 know your thoughts if you did enjoy this
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00374-00067192-00067326 video go ahead and give your girl a
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00375-00067327-00067415 thumbs up
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00376-00067416-00067623 and also don't forget to subscribe if
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00377-00067624-00067806 you didn't in the beginning i hope i've
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00378-00067807-00067991 convinced you so just go ahead and hit
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00379-00067992-00068119 that button now
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00380-00068120-00068399 and i know y'all have already binged all
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00381-00068400-00068543 of netflix and all of
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00382-00068544-00068782 hulu so just for you some more videos
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00383-00068783-00068959 here for you to just keep binging on my
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00384-00068960-00069006 channel
+oj0_qPhwuEM-00385-00069007-00070127 i'll catch you on the next one bye
+omGqPYjOBUk-00000-00001113-00001680 [Music]
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+on2UkZnl8Yk-00001-00001085-00001639 [Applause]
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00002-00001639-00001807 hello everyone
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00003-00001807-00002047 welcome to yet another session
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00004-00002048-00002318 of our nbtel on non-linear and adaptive
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00005-00002319-00002558 controller i'm srikant
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00006-00002559-00002926 from systems and control iit bomber
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00007-00002927-00003055 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00008-00003056-00003191 we have this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00009-00003192-00003479 uh very nice motivating image
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00010-00003479-00003703 in the background which is of this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00011-00003704-00003959 nice spacex satellite which is orbiting
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00012-00003960-00004063 the earth
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00013-00004064-00004151 and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00014-00004152-00004327 we are
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00015-00004328-00004519 you know sort of moving towards uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00016-00004520-00004631 designing
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00017-00004632-00004775 algorithms
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00018-00004776-00004999 which will help drive systems such as
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00019-00005000-00005238 these autonomous
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00020-00005239-00005518 so we are uh went into the sixth week of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00021-00005519-00005711 this course and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00022-00005712-00005943 sort of with the halfway mark if you may
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00023-00005944-00006206 and we have already started to look at
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00024-00006207-00006422 design elements so we have already
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00025-00006423-00006575 started to see
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00026-00006576-00006759 how to um
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00027-00006759-00006983 design adaptive controllers
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00028-00006984-00007159 for a first order
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00029-00007159-00007367 scalar system and that's what we have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00030-00007368-00007478 been doing
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00031-00007479-00007623 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00032-00007623-00007798 last time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00033-00007800-00007959 we had already done the design in the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00034-00007959-00008151 session before last
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00035-00008152-00008239 and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00036-00008240-00008519 we had essentially arrived at a point
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00037-00008520-00008639 where
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00038-00008640-00008791 we had a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00039-00008792-00009023 negative semi-definite v dot
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00040-00009024-00009167 for the unknown
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00041-00009168-00009439 um parameter case so we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00042-00009440-00009535 had a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00043-00009536-00009703 control law
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00044-00009704-00009846 right we had a controller we had
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00045-00009847-00010206 designed and we also had an
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00046-00010207-00010414 update law for the parameter for the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00047-00010415-00010638 unknown partition all right so the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00048-00010639-00010942 control of course depended on this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00049-00010943-00011046 unknown
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00050-00011047-00011367 parameter update okay so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00051-00011368-00011542 with this when we analyze the system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00052-00011543-00011759 using this uh liability function that we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00053-00011760-00011991 constructed in fact the update law was
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00054-00011992-00012095 obtained
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00055-00012096-00012391 using the said uh lyapunov function
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00056-00012392-00012695 uh and we got a negative semi definite p
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00057-00012696-00012846 don't
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00058-00012847-00013127 and what we did last time was
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00059-00013128-00013463 uh to start from this one this v dot and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00060-00013463-00013655 use the signal chasing in barbela's
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00061-00013656-00013919 lemma method of analysis which we had
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00062-00013919-00014038 learned
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00063-00014040-00014271 um sort of in the analysis part of the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00064-00014272-00014471 course in the first
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00065-00014472-00014591 few weeks
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00066-00014591-00014783 right and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00067-00014784-00015086 we use this v and v dot in order to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00068-00015087-00015255 prove that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00069-00015256-00015543 um well we are already proved that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00070-00015544-00015766 we have uniform stability for the states
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00071-00015768-00015983 which are the error that is the tracking
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00072-00015984-00016127 error and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00073-00016128-00016286 also for the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00074-00016287-00016591 parameter estimation error all right so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00075-00016592-00016927 what we wanted to do next uh was to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00076-00016928-00017063 prove that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00077-00017064-00017150 the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00078-00017151-00017455 uh tracking errors go to zero converge
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00079-00017456-00017630 to zero so we already had a stability
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00080-00017631-00017950 result we wanted to sort of obtain a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00081-00017951-00018135 convergence result right because
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00082-00018136-00018399 stability is not enough right so that's
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00083-00018400-00018583 what we did we were able to prove in
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00084-00018584-00018743 fact um
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00085-00018744-00018879 here
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00086-00018880-00019071 yeah okay from step number four if you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00087-00019072-00019303 see we were able to prove that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00088-00019304-00019486 the error goes to zero as t goes to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00089-00019487-00019614 infinity
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00090-00019615-00019839 so in spite of the fact that we don't
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00091-00019840-00020143 know uh a parameter of the system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00092-00020144-00020214 we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00093-00020215-00020407 are able to show that we can do accurate
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00094-00020408-00020647 tracking just by adding the parameter
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00095-00020648-00020830 update and so this is the magic of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00096-00020831-00021083 adaptive control this is what we did
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00097-00021084-00021367 excellent so so i hope you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00098-00021368-00021543 sort of uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00099-00021544-00021727 could see that there is this you know
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00100-00021728-00022071 rather cool element
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00101-00022072-00022367 in adaptive control right and so now
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00102-00022368-00022575 beyond that we of course want to see
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00103-00022576-00022735 if the other state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00104-00022736-00022943 which is the parameter error can also be
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00105-00022944-00023158 driven to zero all right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00106-00023159-00023391 um and we try to do that but honestly we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00107-00023392-00023607 are not successful because we reached a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00108-00023608-00023894 point where we said that we found that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00109-00023895-00024086 the product of theta tilde and this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00110-00024087-00024350 function f goes to 0 as t goes to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00111-00024351-00024894 infinity all right now
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00112-00024895-00025150 if you sort of have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00113-00025151-00025455 you know something very simplistic same
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00114-00025456-00025670 so this is where we start
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00115-00025672-00025902 uh let's say
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00116-00025904-00026087 lecture
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00117-00026088-00026358 six point four going to mark it here
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00118-00026360-00026679 all right um any and you sort of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00119-00026680-00026911 uh so look at this and then if you can
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00120-00026912-00027102 make a very simplistic sort of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00121-00027104-00027351 assumption which is probably not a very
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00122-00027352-00027574 viable assumption to be honest i'll tell
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00123-00027575-00027743 you why very soon
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00124-00027744-00027951 right so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00125-00027952-00028470 if we assume
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00126-00028472-00028895 that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00127-00028895-00029014 f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00128-00029016-00029231 let's see
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00129-00029232-00029327 limit
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00130-00029327-00029423 as
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00131-00029424-00029702 t goes to infinity
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00132-00029704-00029855 f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00133-00029856-00030039 x t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00134-00030039-00030183 t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00135-00030183-00030367 is equal to 0 is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00136-00030368-00030831 not equal to 0
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00137-00030832-00031111 ok is not equal to zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00138-00031112-00031335 then there is four
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00139-00031336-00031511 okay then there is hope that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00140-00031512-00031718 theta taylor doesn't uh actually goes to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00141-00031719-00031990 zero then
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00142-00031991-00032311 can pop
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00143-00032312-00032446 theta tilde
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00144-00032447-00032702 goes to zero all right which is also not
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00145-00032703-00032902 again yeah i mean so this is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00146-00032903-00033039 a rather
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00147-00033040-00033127 uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00148-00033128-00033311 complicated thing to talk about yeah
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00149-00033312-00033431 because we're talking about things
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00150-00033432-00033671 converging to zero and i mean as t goes
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00151-00033672-00033815 to infinity and things like that so we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00152-00033816-00034102 are talking about objects in the limit
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00153-00034103-00034359 now this itself may not be a very very
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00154-00034360-00034623 uh viable assumption in all scenarios
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00155-00034624-00034895 yeah it may be in the tracking scenario
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00156-00034896-00035231 yeah so but notice that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00157-00035232-00035431 you your dynamics of the system was
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00158-00035432-00035574 something like
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00159-00035575-00035774 x dot is a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00160-00035775-00035879 f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00161-00035880-00035974 sorry
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00162-00035975-00036135 i apologize
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00163-00036136-00036646 was something like theta star f x t plus
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00164-00036647-00036887 a control u
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00165-00036888-00037127 okay now if i
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00166-00037128-00037374 typically if i assume that you know zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00167-00037375-00037527 is an equilibrium
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00168-00037528-00037830 then what you would have is that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00169-00037831-00038062 typically to ensure that 0 is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00170-00038063-00038335 equilibrium typically you would have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00171-00038336-00038487 um f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00172-00038488-00038662 0 t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00173-00038663-00039039 would be equal to 0
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00174-00039040-00039239 for all d 2
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00175-00039240-00039511 okay for all t f zero t would typically
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00176-00039512-00039711 be equal to zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00177-00039712-00039990 okay if that's not the case then you can
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00178-00039991-00040318 see that this right hand side being zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00179-00040319-00040590 and x equal to zero and u equal to zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00180-00040591-00040727 and typically at the equilibrium the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00181-00040728-00040974 control is also expected to be zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00182-00040975-00041062 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00183-00041063-00041255 the right hand type will not be zero and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00184-00041256-00041423 it will not be an equilibrium zero will
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00185-00041424-00041630 not be an equilibrium so you would
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00186-00041631-00041823 expect f0t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00187-00041824-00042118 to take on the value zero for all that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00188-00042119-00042246 all time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00189-00042247-00042518 okay now if that is the case here you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00190-00042519-00042702 see i
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00191-00042703-00042855 i apologize
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00192-00042856-00043102 here i'm requiring f 0 t to be equal to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00193-00043103-00043295 0 and here i'm requiring that as t goes
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00194-00043296-00043590 to infinity f x t t is not equal to zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00195-00043591-00043687 sort of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00196-00043688-00043958 looks like opposite requirements now if
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00197-00043959-00044095 i'm looking at
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00198-00044096-00044239 trajectories
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00199-00044240-00044390 of r
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00200-00044391-00044639 right which actually go to zero as t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00201-00044640-00045023 goes to infinity this is possible right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00202-00045024-00045183 there's many possibilities if i'm
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00203-00045184-00045767 looking at
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00204-00045768-00046983 say trajectories like this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00205-00046984-00047135 is like trajectory that is actually
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00206-00047136-00047430 going to zero us for large t for large t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00207-00047431-00047683 for the trajectory going to zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00208-00047684-00047879 then um
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00209-00047880-00048358 this is t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00210-00048359-00048727 and this is r of g
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00211-00048728-00048815 all right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00212-00048816-00049023 then uh this is difficult right i mean
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00213-00049024-00049311 there's a difficult situation where you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00214-00049312-00049423 sort of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00215-00049424-00049583 um
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00216-00049584-00049839 see that if r goes to 0 then as t goes
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00217-00049840-00050079 to infinity with the error tracking
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00218-00050080-00050311 error going to 0 x itself is also going
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00219-00050312-00050430 to c
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00220-00050431-00050590 so you can imagine that as t goes to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00221-00050591-00050727 infinity this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00222-00050728-00050943 by standard continuity type arguments
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00223-00050944-00051174 this function itself has to be rather
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00224-00051175-00051407 close to zero in fact we go to zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00225-00051408-00051502 itself
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00226-00051503-00051879 right so this is not satisfying
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00227-00051879-00052158 yeah so this condition is not going to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00228-00052159-00052287 be satisfied
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00229-00052288-00052447 yeah for all trajectories which are
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00230-00052448-00052654 going to zero also for the stabilization
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00231-00052655-00052838 problem where r of t is actually zero
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00232-00052839-00052982 for all time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00233-00052983-00053126 even in that case
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00234-00053127-00053303 uh this sort of condition cannot be
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00235-00053304-00053630 satisfied so it's not very easy to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00236-00053632-00053838 have satisfaction of a condition of this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00237-00053839-00053926 kind
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00238-00053927-00054119 yeah so anyway this is a naive
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00239-00054120-00054350 requirement i would say that is the name
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00240-00054351-00054575 requirement
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00241-00054576-00054766 so so this is the sort of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00242-00054767-00054999 lesson in adapter frame shown and what
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00243-00055000-00055223 is the lesson is that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00244-00055224-00055511 ah typically you can show that the state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00245-00055512-00055671 follows the desired trajectory
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00246-00055672-00055950 accurately this is guaranteed no problem
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00247-00055951-00056175 okay our parameter convergence of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00248-00056176-00056447 parameter estimation is never guaranteed
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00249-00056448-00056654 in fact you need persistence of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00250-00056655-00056838 excitation for the parameters to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00251-00056839-00057135 converge to eventual values all right so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00252-00057136-00057326 now of course in the previous week we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00253-00057327-00057526 spent a lot of time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00254-00057527-00057750 uh before we go on to the second order
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00255-00057751-00057871 system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00256-00057872-00058087 uh in the previous week we spent quite a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00257-00058088-00058287 bit of time looking at
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00258-00058288-00058526 uh you know persistence and motions of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00259-00058527-00058830 persistence all right and so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00260-00058832-00059094 what i want to sort of do is try to give
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00261-00059095-00059182 a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00262-00059183-00059407 i mean we almost
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00263-00059408-00059711 uh don't in most circumstances analyze
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00264-00059712-00059879 parameter convergence in adaptive
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00265-00059879-00059999 control
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00266-00060000-00060142 and whatever we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00267-00060144-00060350 see in subsequent lectures
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00268-00060351-00060654 yeah because uh parameter identification
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00269-00060655-00060815 or any identification or system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00270-00060816-00061063 identification is a complete a problem
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00271-00061064-00061238 that predates
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00272-00061239-00061487 uh adaptive control right i mean you can
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00273-00061488-00061630 imagine if i want to identify for
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00274-00061632-00061830 example parameters of a manipulator
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00275-00061832-00062063 robotic manipulator you're expected to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00276-00062064-00062463 move the manipulator in all sorts of um
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00277-00062464-00062623 interesting or
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00278-00062624-00062711 uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00279-00062712-00062966 you know rich trajectory if i mean
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00280-00062967-00063150 yeah so that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00281-00063151-00063238 you can
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00282-00063239-00063454 identify the parameters of this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00283-00063455-00063703 manipulator so you move it in all sorts
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00284-00063704-00063894 of rich trajectories
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00285-00063895-00064071 all right that's the idea that's the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00286-00064072-00064399 idea now um this may not always be
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00287-00064400-00064559 possible because we are talking about
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00288-00064560-00064766 doing a control task and we are not
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00289-00064767-00064959 talking about just identification in
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00290-00064960-00065047 itself
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00291-00065048-00065238 okay when you're doing a control task
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00292-00065239-00065391 you are expected to follow a certain
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00293-00065391-00065606 trajectory right for example a robot has
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00294-00065607-00065782 to say move in a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00295-00065783-00066031 along a constant trajectory that has to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00296-00066032-00066263 say move along a straight line yeah and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00297-00066264-00066471 not oscillate all around just to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00298-00066472-00066663 identify the parameters that's not very
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00299-00066664-00066855 okay as far as the operation of the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00300-00066856-00066975 system goes
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00301-00066976-00067175 and so it may not be possible to do good
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00302-00067176-00067471 identification of parameters so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00303-00067472-00067679 most engineers and adaptive control
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00304-00067680-00067982 theorists are happy to have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00305-00067983-00068182 good tracking performance yeah and if
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00306-00068183-00068343 they do get parameter identification in
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00307-00068344-00068623 the process excellent okay however since
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00308-00068624-00068894 we did do persistence and we studied
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00309-00068895-00069087 persistence of excitation
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00310-00069088-00069231 in the last week
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00311-00069232-00069615 now we do let's just try to look at
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00312-00069616-00069871 what we can get out of this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00313-00069872-00070087 so let's see let's see what we have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00314-00070088-00070263 let's first write out the system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00315-00070264-00070438 equations right so what is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00316-00070439-00070711 e dot
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00317-00070712-00070943 don't use this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00318-00070944-00071087 so e dot
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00319-00071088-00071199 was
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00320-00071200-00071319 minus
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00321-00071320-00071482 k
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00322-00071483-00071687 e plus
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00323-00071688-00071855 theta tilde
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00324-00071856-00072206 times
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00325-00072207-00072359 fxt
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00326-00072360-00072679 i think that was it
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00327-00072680-00072967 right this is it
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00328-00072968-00073206 minus k e plus theta delta f x t this is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00329-00073207-00073455 what was e dot and what was theta dot
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00330-00073456-00073703 theta tender dot theta tilde dot is just
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00331-00073704-00073919 minus theta n dot which is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00332-00073920-00074055 this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00333-00074056-00074303 okay so let's write it out
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00334-00074304-00074567 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00335-00074568-00074687 theta
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00336-00074688-00074823 tilde dot
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00337-00074824-00074959 equals
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00338-00074960-00075135 minus theta
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00339-00075136-00075535 equals minus 1 over gamma
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00340-00075536-00075775 times
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00341-00075776-00075894 x t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00342-00075895-00076175 times e
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00343-00076176-00076375 so if i write this in
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00344-00076376-00076631 the nice matrix form
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00345-00076632-00076791 i get
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00346-00076792-00076911 e
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00347-00076912-00077759 theta tender
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00348-00077760-00078135 let's see if this is correct or much
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00349-00078136-00078438 yeah one more gamma e f x t excellent
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00350-00078439-00078759 and this is like this is it
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00351-00078760-00078855 okay
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00352-00078856-00079191 is equal to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00353-00079192-00079311 minus
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00354-00079312-00079599 a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00355-00079600-00079759 then i have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00356-00079760-00079887 f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00357-00079888-00079975 x
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00358-00079976-00080111 t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00359-00080112-00080494 then i have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00360-00080495-00080759 minus 1 over gamma
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00361-00080760-00080950 f x t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00362-00080951-00081150 and then i have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00363-00081151-00081462 done 0 here
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00364-00081463-00081918 multiply en theta tilde
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00365-00081919-00082143 now if you remember the lectures on
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00366-00082144-00082367 persistence of excitation
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00367-00082368-00082479 you will
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00368-00082480-00082782 remember that we had a very similar
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00369-00082783-00082967 looking system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00370-00082968-00083159 when we were looking at
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00371-00083160-00083367 this this object
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00372-00083368-00083647 if you look at this result
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00373-00083648-00083823 again you look at this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00374-00083824-00084055 particular system where we had
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00375-00084056-00084206 these of course these nice requirements
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00376-00084207-00084447 say these controllable ac is observable
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00377-00084448-00084638 a had to be a whole width matrix because
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00378-00084639-00084831 then i can have this lyapunov equation
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00379-00084832-00085079 and this phi function had some nice
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00380-00085080-00085318 absolute continuity problem
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00381-00085319-00085567 and of course phi phi dot was l infinity
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00382-00085568-00085782 then we could claim uniform global
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00383-00085783-00085975 exponential stability for this entire
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00384-00085976-00086118 system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00385-00086119-00086199 okay
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00386-00086200-00086375 great great so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00387-00086376-00086743 so what does it mean outside
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00388-00086744-00087047 okay so went too far yeah what does it
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00389-00087048-00087375 mean here so this system that we have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00390-00087376-00087479 here
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00391-00087480-00087782 is very identical to what we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00392-00087783-00088111 got right now
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00393-00088112-00088382 this system so let's try to compare
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00394-00088383-00088662 let's try to compare okay so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00395-00088663-00088871 uh first of all
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00396-00088872-00089087 okay first of all what i'm going to do
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00397-00089088-00089167 is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00398-00089168-00089591 uh and is let's assume
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00399-00089592-00089806 for the time being that f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00400-00089807-00089991 x t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00401-00089992-00090126 is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00402-00090127-00090247 f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00403-00090248-00090438 and that that it is independent of the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00404-00090439-00090711 state and let's make our lives easy and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00405-00090712-00090887 assume that it is independent of the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00406-00090888-00091255 state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00407-00091256-00091487 all right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00408-00091488-00091623 so that's one
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00409-00091624-00091871 so i'm going to nicely mark it because
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00410-00091872-00092215 this is a big assumption right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00411-00092216-00092382 because here we were talking about
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00412-00092383-00092575 dependence with respect to x and all
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00413-00092576-00092759 that stuff right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00414-00092760-00092911 but here suppose i do make this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00415-00092912-00093182 assumption okay so then it
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00416-00093183-00093391 starts to match this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00417-00093392-00093703 because it is exactly a function of time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00418-00093704-00093918 all right now let's go back and try to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00419-00093919-00094079 write what is b
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00420-00094080-00094479 c and a matrices are so in this case
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00421-00094480-00095023 the a matrix
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00422-00095024-00095303 is just equal to minus k
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00423-00095304-00095567 just a scalar
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00424-00095568-00095855 the b matrix is just
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00425-00095856-00096055 one
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00426-00096056-00096343 the c matrix is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00427-00096344-00096615 one over gamma so let me check if i got
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00428-00096616-00096871 the signs right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00429-00096872-00097174 yeah c matrix is 1 over gamma now let's
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00430-00097175-00097494 see is a b a controllable pair a and b
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00431-00097495-00097655 are both scalars
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00432-00097656-00097743 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00433-00097744-00097918 trivially controllable
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00434-00097919-00097999 yes
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00435-00098000-00098262 again ac are both scalars
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00436-00098263-00098471 trivially controlled observable no
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00437-00098472-00098559 problem
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00438-00098560-00098782 is a whole width matrix
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00439-00098783-00099159 yes obviously it's just a minus k
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00440-00099160-00099438 minus k is a stable system so that is to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00441-00099439-00099831 say that e dot equal to minus k times e
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00442-00099832-00099991 is a stable system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00443-00099992-00100271 it is in fact 4 bits no problem and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00444-00100272-00100455 finally if we assume
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00445-00100456-00100599 further
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00446-00100600-00100767 that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00447-00100768-00101079 this is f is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00448-00101080-00101582 absolutely continuous
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00449-00101583-00101855 yeah and if f dot is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00450-00101856-00102203 bounded
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00451-00102204-00102982 then uh the e theta tilde system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00452-00102983-00103078 is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00453-00103079-00103358 uniformly globally exponentially stable
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00454-00103359-00103502 at the origin
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00455-00103503-00103710 if and only is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00456-00103711-00103934 this f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00457-00103935-00104047 is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00458-00104048-00104342 persistently acceptable
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00459-00104343-00104566 and that's what it says here right so if
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00460-00104567-00104766 i have all these conditions and we have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00461-00104767-00105063 this we have to be we have shown a b is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00462-00105064-00105334 controllable we have shown ac is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00463-00105335-00105599 observable we already know a is because
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00464-00105600-00105847 it's just a scalar minus k if we assume
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00465-00105848-00106063 that this phi which is f of t in our
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00466-00106064-00106286 case is absolutely continuous and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00467-00106288-00106463 both the function and its derivative are
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00468-00106464-00106807 bounded then the system is ugs if and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00469-00106808-00107031 only if phi is persistently
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00470-00107032-00107286 right so that's exactly what you require
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00471-00107288-00107534 that f is persistently exciting so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00472-00107535-00107695 excellent so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00473-00107696-00107878 with percent and what does persistent
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00474-00107879-00108110 excitation mean if you you can recall
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00475-00108111-00108239 the definition
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00476-00108240-00108454 uh for persistence of excitation you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00477-00108455-00108575 don't need
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00478-00108576-00108719 uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00479-00108720-00108934 the signal to be strictly positive at
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00480-00108935-00109095 all times right so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00481-00109096-00109399 a signal can be persistent
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00482-00109400-00109623 yeah even if it it is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00483-00109624-00109823 going through zeros
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00484-00109824-00110023 even if it goes through zeros like like
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00485-00110024-00110247 signals like these which pass through
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00486-00110248-00110631 zeros are still persistently inside
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00487-00110632-00110910 okay so that is the nice thing now
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00488-00110911-00111086 now if you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00489-00111088-00111415 want to go back to the case where um f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00490-00111416-00111678 in fact depends also on the state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00491-00111679-00111951 and not just a function of time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00492-00111952-00112047 right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00493-00112048-00112271 so i will just make a remark here not
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00494-00112272-00112463 actually try to prove it because it's a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00495-00112464-00112607 little bit more
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00496-00112608-00112807 involved and complicated
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00497-00112808-00112983 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00498-00112983-00113102 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00499-00113103-00113278 if
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00500-00113279-00113463 f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00501-00113464-00113999 x g
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00502-00114000-00114254 if f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00503-00114255-00114407 also
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00504-00114408-00114534 function
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00505-00114535-00114871 of x
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00506-00114872-00115166 then what do you do you write f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00507-00115167-00115247 as
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00508-00115248-00115439 you still want to write as a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00509-00115440-00115639 function of time so you write it as a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00510-00115640-00115775 solution
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00511-00115776-00116039 t at some t 0
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00512-00116040-00116223 x 0
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00513-00116224-00116319 and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00514-00116320-00116639 t this is how you write fs
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00515-00116640-00116919 okay and in this case if you go back
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00516-00116920-00117183 again we had this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00517-00117183-00117471 more novel result or the more
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00518-00117472-00117695 general result it's the integral lemma
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00519-00117696-00117951 result right and what did it say what it
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00520-00117952-00118095 is help us show
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00521-00118096-00118358 it helps us to show that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00522-00118359-00118702 uh for parameter varying systems also we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00523-00118703-00118895 can have similar results
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00524-00118896-00119015 yeah
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00525-00119016-00119239 so we can have similar results for
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00526-00119240-00119527 parameter varying systems also this is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00527-00119528-00119743 just the parameter dependent output
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00528-00119744-00119990 injection and so on and so forth so it
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00529-00119991-00120207 can be shown very easily using this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00530-00120208-00120423 integral lemma we did not show but this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00531-00120424-00120686 results are available in standard
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00532-00120688-00120807 literature
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00533-00120808-00121134 that this sort of a result that you have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00534-00121135-00121447 can be shown also when phi depends on
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00535-00121448-00121766 some parameter lambda
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00536-00121767-00121839 and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00537-00121840-00122054 can also be shown when phi depends on
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00538-00122055-00122247 some parameter lambda in addition to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00539-00122248-00122334 time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00540-00122335-00122414 okay
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00541-00122415-00122534 and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00542-00122535-00122775 then this is the result you need to use
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00543-00122776-00123527 here and so use
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00544-00123528-00123686 lambda
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00545-00123688-00123878 u p e
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00546-00123879-00124031 plus
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00547-00124032-00124519 integral
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00548-00124520-00124599 okay
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00549-00124600-00124823 now what's the d with lambda u p e and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00550-00124824-00124990 integral number
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00551-00124991-00125063 see
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00552-00125064-00125471 notice that once i write this x here
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00553-00125472-00125639 as the solution
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00554-00125640-00125839 which depends on time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00555-00125840-00125999 and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00556-00126000-00126247 the initial time and initial state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00557-00126248-00126334 that's
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00558-00126335-00126495 if you make our life simple and keep the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00559-00126496-00126727 initial time and zero then this is a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00560-00126728-00126934 function of just the initial state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00561-00126935-00127175 parameter
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00562-00127176-00127334 all right just one parameter if you keep
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00563-00127335-00127527 the time also initial time also then
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00564-00127528-00127807 it's a function of these two parameters
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00565-00127808-00127999 now you want
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00566-00128000-00128166 a result which is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00567-00128167-00128495 independent of these parameters
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00568-00128496-00128719 and how do we do that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00569-00128720-00129023 by using lambda uniform pe because that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00570-00129024-00129127 is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00571-00129128-00129423 what gives you uniform
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00572-00129424-00129614 lambda uniform
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00573-00129615-00129854 global exponential stability that you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00574-00129855-00130063 get all the properties are independent
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00575-00130064-00130254 of the parameter so basically you start
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00576-00130255-00130607 treating the initial conditions
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00577-00130608-00130831 as parameters of the system because they
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00578-00130832-00131078 are i mean once you fix an initial time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00579-00131079-00131231 and initial state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00580-00131232-00131478 it doesn't change for the entire
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00581-00131479-00131687 duration of your run your simulation or
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00582-00131688-00131863 your actual hardware experiment right if
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00583-00131864-00131935 i
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00584-00131936-00132039 if i
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00585-00132040-00132223 choose say three seconds when i start my
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00586-00132224-00132502 robot and i say that my robot starts in
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00587-00132503-00132727 the xy plane at say point
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00588-00132728-00132823 uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00589-00132824-00133047 at the point one comma two in some
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00590-00133048-00133359 cartesian coordinate then it's fixed for
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00591-00133360-00133599 the entire duration of my hardware right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00592-00133600-00133766 that is in fact a parameter it is not
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00593-00133767-00133919 there's no time varying there's no time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00594-00133920-00134151 dependence there so we have reduced this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00595-00134152-00134383 problem to a problem of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00596-00134384-00134590 looking at parameter dependent systems
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00597-00134591-00134759 and this is where
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00598-00134760-00134854 the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00599-00134855-00135111 uh integral lemma and lambda pe we said
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00600-00135112-00135278 that we introduced these more
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00601-00135279-00135454 complicated notions
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00602-00135455-00135678 and we were sort of worried
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00603-00135679-00135847 maybe you know some of you might have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00604-00135848-00136063 thought um why am i taking this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00605-00136064-00136278 excursion into more complicated things
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00606-00136279-00136407 and what's the purpose and so on but
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00607-00136408-00136663 this is the purpose but in most real
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00608-00136664-00136966 scenarios you will have uh functions
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00609-00136967-00137159 that depend not just on time but also on
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00610-00137160-00137399 state so what we do in those cases is we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00611-00137400-00137663 simply
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00612-00137664-00137831 write the state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00613-00137832-00138102 yeah as an evolution right as a solution
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00614-00138103-00138239 and then it depends only on these
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00615-00138240-00138471 parameters which is the initial
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00616-00138472-00138614 data of the system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00617-00138615-00138807 and then there's addition data is the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00618-00138808-00139023 parameters and we just want to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00619-00139024-00139127 uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00620-00139128-00139311 give properties which are independent of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00621-00139312-00139478 these parameters called uniform with
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00622-00139479-00139711 respect to these parameters all right so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00623-00139712-00139927 that's the idea and so that's the idea
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00624-00139928-00140166 so in this case you see that under
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00625-00140167-00140327 conditions such as persistence of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00626-00140328-00140607 excitation and uniform persistence of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00627-00140608-00140751 excitation
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00628-00140752-00140895 or lambda uniform persistence of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00629-00140896-00141247 excitation you can in fact prove
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00630-00141248-00141414 things like
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00631-00141415-00141719 uh you know exponential stability that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00632-00141720-00141943 is you can get convergence of both
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00633-00141944-00142135 uh the tracking error and also the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00634-00142136-00142278 parameter
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00635-00142279-00142366 okay
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00636-00142367-00142478 great
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00637-00142479-00142726 so usually it's it's not very evident
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00638-00142727-00142807 here
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00639-00142808-00143014 but
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00640-00143015-00143214 not the function not if f is just a pure
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00641-00143215-00143390 function of time but if f is also a
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00642-00143391-00143566 function of the state just like we have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00643-00143567-00143678 here
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00644-00143679-00143902 and your state x is trying to track the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00645-00143903-00144135 trajectory r
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00646-00144136-00144359 it should be obvious to you that if the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00647-00144360-00144559 trajectory r
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00648-00144560-00144671 is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00649-00144672-00145159 rich enough
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00650-00145160-00145454 okay so this condition sort of reduces
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00651-00145455-00145639 to if you look at this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00652-00145640-00145959 lambda u p e sort of condition
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00653-00145960-00146678 this condition
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00654-00146679-00147199 yeah this will sort of reduce
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00655-00147200-00147495 to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00656-00147496-00148039 you know
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00657-00148040-00148271 part of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00658-00148272-00148478 being
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00659-00148479-00148926 sufficient
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00660-00148927-00149190 rich
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00661-00149191-00149390 yeah so reduced to rft being
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00662-00149391-00149583 sufficiently rich or containing
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00663-00149584-00149871 sufficient number of frequency compounds
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00664-00149872-00150119 so when we do simulations and tests
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00665-00150120-00150271 that's what we do
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00666-00150272-00150599 we want to see r with sufficiently
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00667-00150600-00150823 uh large number of frequency components
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00668-00150824-00151039 which is what makes the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00669-00151040-00151126 r
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00670-00151127-00151407 of t signal rich and if the rft signal
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00671-00151408-00151639 is rich then the x solution is rich
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00672-00151640-00151799 because it is eventually going to track
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00673-00151800-00152063 the r signal so lots of oscillatory
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00674-00152064-00152407 signals then you have oscillatory x
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00675-00152408-00152583 solutions and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00676-00152584-00152759 you have much higher chance of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00677-00152760-00152966 identifying the parameter
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00678-00152967-00153190 but like i said
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00679-00153191-00153399 like i said already before
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00680-00153400-00153535 this is not guaranteed in real
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00681-00153536-00153663 applications in a lot of real
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00682-00153664-00153814 applications the trajectories you want
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00683-00153815-00154039 to track are not super oscillatory with
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00684-00154040-00154199 tons of frequencies and all that you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00685-00154200-00154311 want to do
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00686-00154312-00154575 nice simple things in fact
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00687-00154576-00154726 that's what you're designing controllers
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00688-00154727-00154926 for yeah you don't want them to do crazy
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00689-00154927-00155087 oscillatory movements yeah i mean you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00690-00155088-00155254 don't want your robot to be doing this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00691-00155255-00155463 this is just to follow a straight line
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00692-00155464-00155663 so you want to do
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00693-00155664-00155902 relatively simple things and therefore
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00694-00155903-00156111 control here is do not care about
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00695-00156112-00156351 parameter identification yeah so if you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00696-00156352-00156495 want to do the system identification
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00697-00156496-00156663 it's a separate question
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00698-00156664-00156847 yeah um
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00699-00156848-00156983 if you have the freedom to do system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00700-00156984-00157135 identification if your parameters are
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00701-00157136-00157335 not going to change with time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00702-00157336-00157471 then
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00703-00157472-00157678 absolutely okay you can do your system
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00704-00157679-00157878 identification and then feed these
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00705-00157879-00158095 parameters to a normal controller
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00706-00158096-00158335 yeah but if you do
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00707-00158336-00158487 not if you do not have the luxury of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00708-00158488-00158647 doing these kinds of experiments for
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00709-00158648-00158814 example if you have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00710-00158815-00158943 you know
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00711-00158944-00159190 one ton spacecraft which you cannot do
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00712-00159191-00159366 you know so many oscillations of into
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00713-00159367-00159607 system identification experiments of and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00714-00159608-00159823 there's a chance that these parameters
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00715-00159824-00160054 may change in uh space conditions or
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00716-00160055-00160214 high temperature conditions or very low
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00717-00160215-00160366 temperature conditions
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00718-00160367-00160454 then
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00719-00160455-00160590 you have no choice but to resort to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00720-00160591-00160766 adaptive control where you don't
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00721-00160767-00160990 necessarily get parameter identification
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00722-00160991-00161087 but you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00723-00161088-00161239 sort of
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00724-00161240-00161478 are guaranteed to get
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00725-00161479-00161759 precise tracking
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00726-00161760-00161854 excellent
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00727-00161855-00161951 so good
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00728-00161952-00162087 uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00729-00162088-00162183 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00730-00162184-00162487 once we uh sort of understand
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00731-00162488-00162726 what's happened in the scalar base and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00732-00162727-00162966 for the scalar system we want to move on
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00733-00162967-00163054 to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00734-00163055-00163271 using our wisdom the same wisdom that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00735-00163272-00163407 we've already learned
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00736-00163408-00163663 to try to design adaptive controllers
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00737-00163664-00163759 for the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00738-00163760-00163926 second order system so we are just
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00739-00163927-00164143 taking very like baby steps one step at
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00740-00164144-00164302 a time right so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00741-00164303-00164535 and and please don't think that these
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00742-00164536-00164663 are um
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00743-00164664-00164759 very
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00744-00164760-00164911 trivial steps
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00745-00164912-00165063 most mechanical systems that you see
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00746-00165064-00165214 around you can be written as second
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00747-00165215-00165335 order systems
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00748-00165336-00165543 yeah but the thing is here we assume
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00749-00165544-00165695 that the system is scalar that is each
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00750-00165696-00166038 state is in fact a scalar value
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00751-00166039-00166207 but for mechanical system these may be
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00752-00166208-00166399 vector value but that does not change
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00753-00166400-00166566 too many things yeah it does not change
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00754-00166567-00166847 the fundamental ideas that go behind the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00755-00166848-00167151 adaptive control decision all right so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00756-00167152-00167414 please don't worry uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00757-00167415-00167590 about you know things being very trivial
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00758-00167591-00167759 and very pleasing you it's very
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00759-00167760-00167975 important that we get a handle on this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00760-00167976-00168135 first order and second order scalar
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00761-00168136-00168438 systems very well so that we understand
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00762-00168439-00168623 how to do the design what the issues are
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00763-00168624-00168854 and so on
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00764-00168855-00169143 so what is the setup the setup is that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00765-00169144-00169302 you had this system you had this right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00766-00169303-00169495 hand side already you're just adding an
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00767-00169496-00169687 integrator to it you're just adding an
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00768-00169688-00169926 integrator layer to it okay
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00769-00169927-00170102 so if you make a block diagram i would
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00770-00170103-00170326 make the original earlier system and
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00771-00170327-00170495 then i'll add an integrator it's as
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00772-00170496-00170654 simple as that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00773-00170655-00170935 so you have x1 dot is x2 and then x2 dot
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00774-00170936-00171102 is given by this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00775-00171103-00171287 so the control appears here in the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00776-00171288-00171463 second layer
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00777-00171464-00171695 control appears here in the second year
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00778-00171696-00171807 excellent
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00779-00171808-00171926 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00780-00171927-00172319 and as i said the states are evolving in
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00781-00172320-00172526 the real number space
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00782-00172527-00172775 the function is taking a function f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00783-00172776-00172863 takes
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00784-00172864-00173007 again
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00785-00173008-00173207 the states and time and gives you some
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00786-00173208-00173326 real numbers
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00787-00173327-00173519 theta star is the constant unknown
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00788-00173520-00173783 parameter and u is as usual a scalar
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00789-00173784-00174095 value
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00790-00174096-00174278 the standard
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00791-00174279-00174487 you know second order scalar system this
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00792-00174488-00174790 is the setup and what is the m the aim
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00793-00174791-00175038 is now to design a control
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00794-00175039-00175399 such that um the first state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00795-00175400-00175623 yeah if you think of it as a mechanical
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00796-00175624-00175863 system sort of motion is the position
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00797-00175864-00176071 right you want the position state to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00798-00176072-00176311 take a smooth bounded trajectory
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00799-00176312-00176575 so we do not specify the second state
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00800-00176576-00176790 that is x2 state because it is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00801-00176791-00177063 intrinsically related to x1 state by the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00802-00177064-00177407 derivative therefore i cannot specify
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00803-00177408-00177711 x2 arbitrarily and therefore if i want
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00804-00177712-00177871 x1 to follow r
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00805-00177872-00178238 x2 has to follow its derivative
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00806-00178239-00178511 okay x 2 has to follow it still there is
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00807-00178512-00178614 no
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00808-00178615-00178871 two ways about it i cannot have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00809-00178872-00179111 instead of r and r dot i cannot have r
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00810-00179112-00179238 and 2 r
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00811-00179239-00179471 yeah i cannot have r dot by 2.
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00812-00179472-00179631 i cannot have any variation i cannot
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00813-00179632-00179799 have r dot squared
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00814-00179800-00180047 i cannot have any arbitrary
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00815-00180048-00180311 uh condition on
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00816-00180312-00180614 the trajectory that x 2 forms
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00817-00180615-00180951 okay so to make it simple
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00818-00180952-00181247 we refer to these such conditions as
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00819-00181248-00181623 matching conditions
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00820-00181624-00181854 that is because these trajectories have
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00821-00181855-00182031 to somehow be consistent with the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00822-00182032-00182454 dynamics of the system so x2 desired
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00823-00182455-00182654 has to equal
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00824-00182655-00182990 the derivative of excellent desired
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00825-00182991-00183366 if the desired value of x1 has to
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00826-00183367-00183535 take the desired value of x turn you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00827-00183536-00183743 should get the desired value so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00828-00183744-00183943 this is because it's dictated by the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00829-00183944-00184159 diagonals here
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00830-00184160-00184278 all right
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00831-00184279-00184390 great
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00832-00184391-00184671 so what did we look at today
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00833-00184672-00184831 so
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00834-00184832-00185071 what we looked at today is uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00835-00185072-00185175 we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00836-00185176-00185431 already had completed the analysis for
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00837-00185432-00185502 uh
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00838-00185503-00185775 trajectory tracking we were successful
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00839-00185776-00185959 so of course we're very happy
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00840-00185960-00186175 but we could not prove anything about
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00841-00186176-00186463 parameter confusions so we sort of tried
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00842-00186464-00186623 to leverage what we had learnt in the
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00843-00186624-00186726 last week
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00844-00186727-00186959 to see under what conditions we can get
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00845-00186960-00187214 parameter conversions and so we saw that
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00846-00187215-00187335 if
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00847-00187336-00187471 you have only functions of time
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00848-00187472-00187678 appearing in the dynamics then you can
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00849-00187679-00187926 use persistence of excitation and if you
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00850-00187927-00188119 have functions of both state and time f
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00851-00188120-00188223 x t
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00852-00188224-00188487 then you have to use parameter dependent
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00853-00188488-00188743 that is lambda u persistence excitation
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00854-00188744-00188943 yeah
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00855-00188944-00189119 and then we sort of gave the setup for
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00856-00189120-00189335 the second order scalar system that's we
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00857-00189336-00189607 are going to do adaptive control design
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00858-00189608-00189678 for
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00859-00189679-00189999 in the subsequent lectures
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00860-00190000-00190254 so this is where we stop today
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00861-00190255-00190673 thank you for joining
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00862-00190674-00191669 [Music]
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00863-00191670-00192002 [Applause]
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00864-00192003-00192155 [Music]
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00865-00192156-00193114 [Applause]
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00866-00193115-00193683 [Applause]
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00867-00193684-00194023 [Music]
+on2UkZnl8Yk-00868-00194024-00194232 you
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00000-00000150-00000353 you know every once in a while it's a
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00001-00000354-00000545 good idea to take stock of what's on
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00002-00000546-00000761 your iPhone we all use these things so
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00003-00000762-00001019 much you're looking at a home screen on
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00004-00001019-00001300 my iPhone and you can see obviously at
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00005-00001301-00001721 the top a number of apps that I use at
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00006-00001722-00001955 across the bottom are four apps that I
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00007-00001955-00002225 use regularly and that's why they're in
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00008-00002226-00002429 one place there but probably the most
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00009-00002430-00002639 important thing is just above those four
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00010-00002640-00002923 apps at the bottom the little search
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00011-00002924-00003340 box right there and if you can't if
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00012-00003342-00003533 you've lost something or you can't
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00013-00003534-00003790 remember where an app is or you need to
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00014-00003792-00004054 do a quick internet search this is where
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00015-00004055-00004253 you start I'm just going to tap on that
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00016-00004254-00004667 and it's going to open up the search
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00017-00004668-00004972 uh bar right in the middle there you can
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00018-00004973-00005195 see a couple searches that I've done
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00019-00005196-00005393 recently
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00020-00005394-00005693 um about dog I'm going to lose that PBS
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00021-00005694-00006011 NewsHour Wabi TV weather those are two
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00022-00006012-00006413 recent searches and at the top some
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00023-00006414-00006670 suggestions from Siri where I could find
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00024-00006672-00006863 information about searches that I'm
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00025-00006864-00007067 making I'm going to show less up there
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00026-00007068-00007403 but the search bar where the the cursor
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00027-00007404-00007531 is blinking
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00028-00007531-00007901 you've got your keyboard ready to type
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00029-00007902-00008309 in anything and or you can use at the at
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00030-00008310-00008477 the other end of the search bar you've
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00031-00008478-00008674 got a microphone you can just tap on
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00032-00008675-00009067 that and and speak into
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00033-00009068-00009442 use your voice instead of typing in so
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00034-00009443-00009683 the search bar is invaluable don't
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00035-00009684-00009874 forget that we're going to go back to
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00036-00009875-00010171 the home screen I'm going to swipe right
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00037-00010172-00010456 and now I'm into something called
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00038-00010457-00010721 widgets which are very handy I lot of
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00039-00010722-00010949 people don't know about these but I've
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00040-00010950-00011164 added the widgets that you can see I've
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00041-00011165-00011424 got top stories there
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00042-00011425-00011674 four or five different top stories you
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00043-00011675-00011824 can see I've got a weather app right
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00044-00011825-00012127 that if I right there at the top if I
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00045-00012128-00012431 touched on that here's another Google
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00046-00012432-00012724 search bar for me to use and then some
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00047-00012725-00013060 more news in Flipboard right there if
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00048-00013061-00013355 you go all the way to the bottom of the
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00049-00013356-00013558 widgets you've got a little edit Button
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00050-00013559-00013894 as you can see and you touch that and
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00051-00013895-00014272 then you're able to add or take out
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00052-00014273-00014608 various widgets to have the ones that
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00053-00014609-00014855 you want there okay back to the home
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00054-00014856-00015094 screen I'm going to go left one more
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00055-00015095-00015401 time it brings up the lap the app
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00056-00015402-00015563 Library
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00057-00015563-00015838 you can see my apps are put into
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00058-00015840-00016207 categories things like social with
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00059-00016208-00016458 Facebook and Twitter
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00060-00016459-00016786 Instagram there's productivity and
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00061-00016787-00017047 finance there's a
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00062-00017048-00017422 news folder with different apps so I've
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00063-00017423-00017729 got a lot of apps in different places
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00064-00017730-00018022 and and then if I touch the app Library
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00065-00018023-00018413 search bar at the top it gives me an
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00066-00018414-00018713 alphabetical list of all my apps that I
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00067-00018714-00019055 can even find those easier frankly I you
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00068-00019056-00019397 I prefer to use the
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00069-00019398-00019649 little search bar back here on the home
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00070-00019650-00019853 screen right above the four apps at the
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00071-00019854-00020057 bottom so every once in a while just
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00072-00020058-00020357 take a few minutes to to look at your
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00073-00020358-00020621 iPhone there may be some things you've
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00074-00020622-00020849 never used or have you forgotten how to
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00075-00020850-00021233 use there's just so much here give it a
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00076-00021234-00021436 try take stock every once in a while
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00077-00021437-00021863 this is Ed with Boomer Tech Adventures
+onD2KsvqfnQ-00078-00021864-00022159 thanks a lot
+pofkNxwzMj4-00000-00000000-00000343 10 years one love the VR docs party on
+pofkNxwzMj4-00001-00000344-00000632 FM Russell ten years one love sunset
+pofkNxwzMj4-00002-00000633-00000875 excessive tempers flash a cabal person
+pofkNxwzMj4-00003-00000876-00001129 met under made about these ten fanatics
+pofkNxwzMj4-00004-00001130-00001448 ed fans pink casual sex funky bumper
+pofkNxwzMj4-00005-00001449-00001751 didjeridu work shuttle donkey Rick
+pofkNxwzMj4-00006-00001752-00002117 shiver Mugwump Emmett live stuff and
+pofkNxwzMj4-00007-00002118-00002612 special guest Magnus ten years one love
+pofkNxwzMj4-00008-00002613-00003083 sounded access september's fresh it
+p160Z4No0EU-00000-00000055-00001199 [Music]
+p160Z4No0EU-00001-00001200-00001623 next speaker would be will be joe trivia
+p160Z4No0EU-00002-00001623-00001807 joe
+p160Z4No0EU-00003-00001807-00002079 gave a talk as well in the colloquium so
+p160Z4No0EU-00004-00002080-00002247 thanks joe for that whenever you're
+p160Z4No0EU-00005-00002248-00005135 ready you can share your screen
+p160Z4No0EU-00006-00005136-00005238 okay
+p160Z4No0EU-00007-00005239-00005527 can everybody see my full screen because
+p160Z4No0EU-00008-00005528-00005743 yes
+p160Z4No0EU-00009-00005744-00005784 um
+p160Z4No0EU-00010-00005785-00005943 [Music]
+p160Z4No0EU-00011-00005944-00006286 so uh once again i want to thank
+p160Z4No0EU-00012-00006287-00006534 uh the organizers for
+p160Z4No0EU-00013-00006536-00006878 giving me the opportunity to speak and
+p160Z4No0EU-00014-00006879-00007183 um i'm going to
+p160Z4No0EU-00015-00007184-00007431 talk about
+p160Z4No0EU-00016-00007431-00007846 a rather unorthodox idea as to
+p160Z4No0EU-00017-00007847-00007951 why
+p160Z4No0EU-00018-00007952-00008031 we
+p160Z4No0EU-00019-00008031-00008255 don't do as well as
+p160Z4No0EU-00020-00008256-00008439 we think we should do
+p160Z4No0EU-00021-00008440-00008839 in the uh sub-seasonal range
+p160Z4No0EU-00022-00008840-00009078 uh just because
+p160Z4No0EU-00023-00009079-00009246 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00024-00009247-00009423 the atmosphere
+p160Z4No0EU-00025-00009424-00009742 uh and the weather events within the
+p160Z4No0EU-00026-00009743-00009883 sub-seasonal
+p160Z4No0EU-00027-00009884-00010183 um time range
+p160Z4No0EU-00028-00010184-00010367 may be unpredictable
+p160Z4No0EU-00029-00010368-00010574 for a reason that
+p160Z4No0EU-00030-00010575-00010855 i don't think has been explored very
+p160Z4No0EU-00031-00010856-00011183 carefully at at this point so let me go
+p160Z4No0EU-00032-00011184-00011263 on
+p160Z4No0EU-00033-00011264-00011414 to
+p160Z4No0EU-00034-00011415-00012295 my talk
+p160Z4No0EU-00035-00012296-00012683 ah there we go
+p160Z4No0EU-00036-00012684-00012991 okay so
+p160Z4No0EU-00037-00012991-00013177 as i said i think
+p160Z4No0EU-00038-00013178-00013327 [Music]
+p160Z4No0EU-00039-00013328-00013407 the
+p160Z4No0EU-00040-00013408-00013719 sub-seasonal range going on beyond week
+p160Z4No0EU-00041-00013719-00014055 two is a is a very challenging
+p160Z4No0EU-00042-00014056-00014247 problem for
+p160Z4No0EU-00043-00014247-00014463 uh prediction and
+p160Z4No0EU-00044-00014463-00014822 uh as you can see
+p160Z4No0EU-00045-00014823-00014999 uh from this
+p160Z4No0EU-00046-00015000-00015291 uh figure from the european center in
+p160Z4No0EU-00047-00015291-00015463 2012
+p160Z4No0EU-00048-00015463-00015879 uh we can predict fairly well for for
+p160Z4No0EU-00049-00015880-00015991 one week
+p160Z4No0EU-00050-00015991-00016183 and we're just looking at anomaly
+p160Z4No0EU-00051-00016184-00016455 correlation here of the geopotential
+p160Z4No0EU-00052-00016456-00016830 height field and
+p160Z4No0EU-00053-00016831-00016955 by
+p160Z4No0EU-00054-00016956-00017255 2012 we could predict
+p160Z4No0EU-00055-00017256-00017486 uh day 7
+p160Z4No0EU-00056-00017487-00017719 500 hectopascal
+p160Z4No0EU-00057-00017720-00018055 uh height anomalies fairly well
+p160Z4No0EU-00058-00018056-00018286 um not perfectly but
+p160Z4No0EU-00059-00018287-00018575 well enough but as you can see from this
+p160Z4No0EU-00060-00018576-00018791 diagram
+p160Z4No0EU-00061-00018792-00018967 the
+p160Z4No0EU-00062-00018968-00019135 skill drops off
+p160Z4No0EU-00063-00019136-00019343 rather rapidly after
+p160Z4No0EU-00064-00019344-00019703 seven days and and by 10 days there's
+p160Z4No0EU-00065-00019704-00020047 on average absolutely no skill
+p160Z4No0EU-00066-00020048-00020271 uh no useful skill
+p160Z4No0EU-00067-00020272-00020614 uh in the anomaly correlation of
+p160Z4No0EU-00068-00020615-00020871 something as as
+p160Z4No0EU-00069-00020872-00021278 benign as the 500 hectopascal
+p160Z4No0EU-00070-00021279-00021430 height field
+p160Z4No0EU-00071-00021431-00021511 so
+p160Z4No0EU-00072-00021512-00021927 why can't we do better than this and
+p160Z4No0EU-00073-00021928-00022127 uh typically
+p160Z4No0EU-00074-00022128-00022303 the answer to that
+p160Z4No0EU-00075-00022304-00022391 is
+p160Z4No0EU-00076-00022392-00022511 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00077-00022512-00022878 a turbulent cascade of error from
+p160Z4No0EU-00078-00022879-00023263 small scale to large scale and 69
+p160Z4No0EU-00079-00023264-00023519 laurents
+p160Z4No0EU-00080-00023520-00023671 proposed
+p160Z4No0EU-00081-00023672-00023903 a diagram that looks somewhat
+p160Z4No0EU-00082-00023904-00024414 like this one on the left where
+p160Z4No0EU-00083-00024415-00024727 the time scale of smaller scale
+p160Z4No0EU-00084-00024728-00025030 oscillations smaller scale disturbances
+p160Z4No0EU-00085-00025031-00025335 smaller scale errors
+p160Z4No0EU-00086-00025336-00025455 was
+p160Z4No0EU-00087-00025456-00025535 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00088-00025536-00025670 was able to
+p160Z4No0EU-00089-00025672-00025846 uh transverse
+p160Z4No0EU-00090-00025847-00026127 the spectrum uh at a time
+p160Z4No0EU-00091-00026127-00026239 that was
+p160Z4No0EU-00092-00026239-00026374 smaller
+p160Z4No0EU-00093-00026375-00026639 than for larger scales so
+p160Z4No0EU-00094-00026639-00026902 a very small scale errors
+p160Z4No0EU-00095-00026904-00027311 uh could propagate up to
+p160Z4No0EU-00096-00027312-00027511 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00097-00027512-00027590 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00098-00027591-00027879 the 100 kilometer range in about an
+p160Z4No0EU-00099-00027880-00028143 eighth of a day or a quarter of a day
+p160Z4No0EU-00100-00028144-00028343 so
+p160Z4No0EU-00101-00028344-00028567 from this perspective
+p160Z4No0EU-00102-00028568-00028831 weather prediction
+p160Z4No0EU-00103-00028832-00029062 becomes
+p160Z4No0EU-00104-00029063-00029318 very difficult
+p160Z4No0EU-00105-00029319-00029423 after
+p160Z4No0EU-00106-00029424-00029711 about one week because after about one
+p160Z4No0EU-00107-00029712-00029799 week
+p160Z4No0EU-00108-00029800-00030143 there's almost no skill left in the in
+p160Z4No0EU-00109-00030144-00030367 in the prediction
+p160Z4No0EU-00110-00030368-00030455 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00111-00030456-00030646 but
+p160Z4No0EU-00112-00030647-00030879 and any skill that does exist
+p160Z4No0EU-00113-00030880-00031207 is all in the large scale planetary
+p160Z4No0EU-00114-00031208-00031574 scale waves okay
+p160Z4No0EU-00115-00031575-00031927 a modified version of this argument this
+p160Z4No0EU-00116-00031927-00032102 this argument used
+p160Z4No0EU-00117-00032103-00032199 a
+p160Z4No0EU-00118-00032200-00032487 three-dimensional turbulence closure
+p160Z4No0EU-00119-00032488-00032774 scheme to estimate the predictability
+p160Z4No0EU-00120-00032775-00032879 and
+p160Z4No0EU-00121-00032880-00033167 while the atmosphere on
+p160Z4No0EU-00122-00033168-00033351 on large scales
+p160Z4No0EU-00123-00033352-00033543 is much more like a two-dimensional
+p160Z4No0EU-00124-00033544-00033695 turbulent flow
+p160Z4No0EU-00125-00033696-00033983 on smaller scales and in fact perhaps
+p160Z4No0EU-00126-00033984-00034199 down
+p160Z4No0EU-00127-00034200-00034311 to
+p160Z4No0EU-00128-00034312-00034543 only down to the sub
+p160Z4No0EU-00129-00034544-00034839 uh synoptic scale is it
+p160Z4No0EU-00130-00034840-00034943 um
+p160Z4No0EU-00131-00034944-00035071 a
+p160Z4No0EU-00132-00035072-00035302 two-dimensional turbulent flow
+p160Z4No0EU-00133-00035303-00035415 beyond
+p160Z4No0EU-00134-00035416-00035743 the subsynaptic scale it behaves uh with
+p160Z4No0EU-00135-00035744-00036135 a power spectrum uh kinetic energy
+p160Z4No0EU-00136-00036136-00036215 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00137-00036216-00036423 spectrum that looks like a minus
+p160Z4No0EU-00138-00036424-00036671 five-thirds which is exactly
+p160Z4No0EU-00139-00036672-00036895 the
+p160Z4No0EU-00140-00036896-00037151 energy spectrum for a three-dimensional
+p160Z4No0EU-00141-00037152-00037374 turbulent flow and so
+p160Z4No0EU-00142-00037375-00037623 from this perspective
+p160Z4No0EU-00143-00037624-00037911 small-scale errors
+p160Z4No0EU-00144-00037912-00038246 uh can propagate up to the subsynaptic
+p160Z4No0EU-00145-00038247-00038495 scale pretty quickly so probably in
+p160Z4No0EU-00146-00038496-00038751 about a day or so and then
+p160Z4No0EU-00147-00038752-00038895 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00148-00038896-00039039 the
+p160Z4No0EU-00149-00039040-00039262 two-dimensional inverse cascade would
+p160Z4No0EU-00150-00039263-00039559 take over and allow us to predict
+p160Z4No0EU-00151-00039560-00039895 perhaps for a week perhaps
+p160Z4No0EU-00152-00039896-00040215 uh perhaps a bit longer out to ten days
+p160Z4No0EU-00153-00040216-00040335 but not
+p160Z4No0EU-00154-00040336-00040479 to
+p160Z4No0EU-00155-00040480-00040759 week three which is kind of the
+p160Z4No0EU-00156-00040760-00040974 first goal of
+p160Z4No0EU-00157-00040975-00041415 sub-seasonal prediction
+p160Z4No0EU-00158-00041416-00041639 okay so i'm going to
+p160Z4No0EU-00159-00041640-00041911 propose an alternative to this inverse
+p160Z4No0EU-00160-00041912-00042151 cascade of error
+p160Z4No0EU-00161-00042152-00042430 and this was something that is motivated
+p160Z4No0EU-00162-00042431-00042887 or inspired by a surprise we had in some
+p160Z4No0EU-00163-00042888-00043127 uh fraternal not identical twin
+p160Z4No0EU-00164-00043128-00043383 experiments so this is a fraternal twin
+p160Z4No0EU-00165-00043384-00043543 experiment
+p160Z4No0EU-00166-00043544-00043790 in the fraternal twin experiment
+p160Z4No0EU-00167-00043791-00044118 the model
+p160Z4No0EU-00168-00044119-00044423 simulation that is trying to predict it
+p160Z4No0EU-00169-00044424-00044711 is not identical to the
+p160Z4No0EU-00170-00044712-00044943 models that are trying to predict it and
+p160Z4No0EU-00171-00044944-00045287 so uh in the early 2000s dave
+p160Z4No0EU-00172-00045288-00045607 baumheffner and i ran some experiments
+p160Z4No0EU-00173-00045608-00045790 using a
+p160Z4No0EU-00174-00045791-00046030 high resolution version of the ncar
+p160Z4No0EU-00175-00046031-00046218 model at the time
+p160Z4No0EU-00176-00046219-00046567 t170 has ground truth
+p160Z4No0EU-00177-00046568-00046646 and
+p160Z4No0EU-00178-00046647-00046902 tried to predict it using
+p160Z4No0EU-00179-00046903-00047215 uh various corsa resolution versions of
+p160Z4No0EU-00180-00047216-00047655 the n-car model t-106 t-63
+p160Z4No0EU-00181-00047656-00047951 t-42 and we did all those
+p160Z4No0EU-00182-00047952-00048118 uh experiments
+p160Z4No0EU-00183-00048119-00048215 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00184-00048216-00048607 without any topography to to not have to
+p160Z4No0EU-00185-00048608-00048902 worry about the complication of
+p160Z4No0EU-00186-00048903-00049207 topographic forcing in in the problem
+p160Z4No0EU-00187-00049208-00049446 just to look at the kind of inertial
+p160Z4No0EU-00188-00049447-00049790 effects on predictability the
+p160Z4No0EU-00189-00049791-00050111 uh cascade of errors from unresolved
+p160Z4No0EU-00190-00050112-00050462 scales into resolve scales
+p160Z4No0EU-00191-00050463-00050551 so
+p160Z4No0EU-00192-00050552-00050830 um uh what we found was
+p160Z4No0EU-00193-00050831-00051030 uh that in fact
+p160Z4No0EU-00194-00051031-00051279 uh things behaved kind of like we
+p160Z4No0EU-00195-00051279-00051558 thought uh it didn't take
+p160Z4No0EU-00196-00051559-00051814 more than a half a day for
+p160Z4No0EU-00197-00051815-00052190 the unresolved scales to start growing
+p160Z4No0EU-00198-00052191-00052438 and uh once they started growing the
+p160Z4No0EU-00199-00052439-00052663 resolve scales to start growing excuse
+p160Z4No0EU-00200-00052664-00052735 me
+p160Z4No0EU-00201-00052736-00052950 error in the resolve scales to start
+p160Z4No0EU-00202-00052951-00053142 growing and once they started growing
+p160Z4No0EU-00203-00053144-00053399 they started uh growing
+p160Z4No0EU-00204-00053400-00053819 exponentially much as you'd expect in a
+p160Z4No0EU-00205-00053820-00054015 quasi-geostrophic or
+p160Z4No0EU-00206-00054016-00054342 quasi two-dimensional turbulent regime
+p160Z4No0EU-00207-00054344-00054471 however
+p160Z4No0EU-00208-00054472-00054663 one thing
+p160Z4No0EU-00209-00054664-00054959 we noticed that was kind of a surprise
+p160Z4No0EU-00210-00054960-00055159 to us because we tried
+p160Z4No0EU-00211-00055160-00055391 very carefully to
+p160Z4No0EU-00212-00055391-00055607 input the exact
+p160Z4No0EU-00213-00055608-00055766 uh spectral
+p160Z4No0EU-00214-00055767-00056103 initial conditions
+p160Z4No0EU-00215-00056104-00056463 in the resolve scales of all
+p160Z4No0EU-00216-00056464-00056923 four model integrations so uh to put the
+p160Z4No0EU-00217-00056924-00057087 t170
+p160Z4No0EU-00218-00057088-00057199 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00219-00057200-00057494 in uh initial conditions
+p160Z4No0EU-00220-00057495-00057703 into the t140
+p160Z4No0EU-00221-00057704-00057926 t42
+p160Z4No0EU-00222-00057927-00058230 model all the way down to t42 and
+p160Z4No0EU-00223-00058232-00058471 started so you would expect that at t
+p160Z4No0EU-00224-00058472-00058719 equals zero there would be
+p160Z4No0EU-00225-00058720-00058830 no
+p160Z4No0EU-00226-00058832-00058911 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00227-00058912-00059326 resolve scale energy in fact that uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00228-00059327-00059630 at t equals zero no resolve scale
+p160Z4No0EU-00229-00059632-00059742 errors
+p160Z4No0EU-00230-00059744-00059815 at
+p160Z4No0EU-00231-00059816-00059975 t equals zero
+p160Z4No0EU-00232-00059976-00060263 so how did that
+p160Z4No0EU-00233-00060264-00060671 error get into the integrations when
+p160Z4No0EU-00234-00060672-00060903 i told you exactly what we did we put in
+p160Z4No0EU-00235-00060904-00061038 exactly
+p160Z4No0EU-00236-00061039-00061135 the
+p160Z4No0EU-00237-00061136-00061223 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00238-00061224-00061542 initial conditions that the t170 model
+p160Z4No0EU-00239-00061544-00061942 saw at t63 resolution and t106
+p160Z4No0EU-00240-00061944-00062238 resolution and t42 resolution well the
+p160Z4No0EU-00241-00062239-00062494 answer to that
+p160Z4No0EU-00242-00062495-00062591 was
+p160Z4No0EU-00243-00062591-00062854 that before integrating the model it
+p160Z4No0EU-00244-00062855-00063119 checked the model checked for static
+p160Z4No0EU-00245-00063120-00063430 instability okay and
+p160Z4No0EU-00246-00063432-00063550 in fact
+p160Z4No0EU-00247-00063551-00063735 spectrally truncated
+p160Z4No0EU-00248-00063736-00063863 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00249-00063864-00064159 initial conditions can have different
+p160Z4No0EU-00250-00064160-00064335 static stability
+p160Z4No0EU-00251-00064336-00064494 different
+p160Z4No0EU-00252-00064495-00064735 static stabilities uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00253-00064736-00064959 at a at a point
+p160Z4No0EU-00254-00064960-00065166 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00255-00065167-00065359 uh quite commonly when you think about
+p160Z4No0EU-00256-00065360-00065726 how a spectral model behaves okay
+p160Z4No0EU-00257-00065727-00065823 and so
+p160Z4No0EU-00258-00065824-00066275 um this was the
+p160Z4No0EU-00259-00066276-00066455 t-106
+p160Z4No0EU-00260-00066456-00066775 uh temperature error at t equals zero
+p160Z4No0EU-00261-00066776-00067031 temperature difference at
+p160Z4No0EU-00262-00067032-00067111 at
+p160Z4No0EU-00263-00067112-00067438 500 millibars 500 hectopascals that we
+p160Z4No0EU-00264-00067439-00067647 saw
+p160Z4No0EU-00265-00067648-00067847 using the
+p160Z4No0EU-00266-00067848-00067999 t170
+p160Z4No0EU-00267-00068000-00068182 initial conditions and allowing the
+p160Z4No0EU-00268-00068183-00068382 system to do this
+p160Z4No0EU-00269-00068383-00068647 uh dry convective adjustment before it
+p160Z4No0EU-00270-00068648-00069094 started integrating at 500
+p160Z4No0EU-00271-00069095-00069255 at 500
+p160Z4No0EU-00272-00069256-00069503 had to pass scales you also see this
+p160Z4No0EU-00273-00069504-00069703 difference in the height field and what
+p160Z4No0EU-00274-00069704-00069806 i want to
+p160Z4No0EU-00275-00069807-00069950 point out to you
+p160Z4No0EU-00276-00069951-00070350 is that this is the initial
+p160Z4No0EU-00277-00070351-00070471 error
+p160Z4No0EU-00278-00070472-00070782 caused by this convective adjustment
+p160Z4No0EU-00279-00070783-00070879 and
+p160Z4No0EU-00280-00070880-00071062 what you can see is that
+p160Z4No0EU-00281-00071063-00071279 there's quite a bit of energy at large
+p160Z4No0EU-00282-00071280-00071591 scale and it's small scale and large
+p160Z4No0EU-00283-00071592-00071838 scale and small scale here
+p160Z4No0EU-00284-00071839-00072006 was the difference between
+p160Z4No0EU-00285-00072007-00072191 uh wave number
+p160Z4No0EU-00286-00072192-00072582 uh 15 and everything else that that
+p160Z4No0EU-00287-00072583-00072855 evolved and so uh you can see that
+p160Z4No0EU-00288-00072856-00073047 there's large scale
+p160Z4No0EU-00289-00073048-00073406 uh errors in there and if you go back to
+p160Z4No0EU-00290-00073407-00073671 the previous slide excuse me
+p160Z4No0EU-00291-00073672-00073775 you can see
+p160Z4No0EU-00292-00073776-00074071 the this energy spectrum at t equals
+p160Z4No0EU-00293-00074072-00074479 zero is absolutely flat okay
+p160Z4No0EU-00294-00074480-00074679 so this is the interesting
+p160Z4No0EU-00295-00074680-00075055 uh point that i want to point out that
+p160Z4No0EU-00296-00075056-00075359 this instability this can
+p160Z4No0EU-00297-00075360-00075559 dry convective adjustment
+p160Z4No0EU-00298-00075560-00075838 cause it is caused by a threshold
+p160Z4No0EU-00299-00075839-00075991 non-linearity
+p160Z4No0EU-00300-00075992-00076247 at one point you change
+p160Z4No0EU-00301-00076248-00076519 you violate the threshold condition and
+p160Z4No0EU-00302-00076520-00077015 that violation at a point
+p160Z4No0EU-00303-00077016-00077311 is localized in space but because it's
+p160Z4No0EU-00304-00077312-00077503 localized its space
+p160Z4No0EU-00305-00077504-00077894 it is very broad in
+p160Z4No0EU-00306-00077895-00078199 uh the spectral regime in
+p160Z4No0EU-00307-00078200-00078494 in wave number space and so
+p160Z4No0EU-00308-00078495-00079006 you put in a delta-like
+p160Z4No0EU-00309-00079007-00079206 forcing in the initial condition a
+p160Z4No0EU-00310-00079207-00079438 delta-like condition
+p160Z4No0EU-00311-00079439-00079567 caused by
+p160Z4No0EU-00312-00079568-00079879 violating the threshold
+p160Z4No0EU-00313-00079880-00080094 at a particular point and the threshold
+p160Z4No0EU-00314-00080095-00080271 non-linearity
+p160Z4No0EU-00315-00080272-00080647 spreads that that influence out over all
+p160Z4No0EU-00316-00080648-00080823 spatial scales
+p160Z4No0EU-00317-00080824-00080999 so it acts
+p160Z4No0EU-00318-00081000-00081150 not as
+p160Z4No0EU-00319-00081151-00081326 a rather slow
+p160Z4No0EU-00320-00081327-00081647 inertial cascade from smaller scale to
+p160Z4No0EU-00321-00081648-00082006 large scale it acts as an instantaneous
+p160Z4No0EU-00322-00082007-00082335 cascade contaminating both small scales
+p160Z4No0EU-00323-00082336-00082679 and large scales okay so
+p160Z4No0EU-00324-00082680-00082887 a possible
+p160Z4No0EU-00325-00082888-00083206 example of this is shown by
+p160Z4No0EU-00326-00083207-00083287 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00327-00083288-00083511 the the april 10
+p160Z4No0EU-00328-00083512-00083911 2011 uh dropout bust which was studied
+p160Z4No0EU-00329-00083912-00084262 uh in the tiki regime and mark rodwell
+p160Z4No0EU-00330-00084263-00084631 did uh and a host of other people did a
+p160Z4No0EU-00331-00084632-00084943 very nice study of what was going on in
+p160Z4No0EU-00332-00084944-00085343 dropouts over the european region yeah
+p160Z4No0EU-00333-00085344-00085503 european domain
+p160Z4No0EU-00334-00085504-00085679 and
+p160Z4No0EU-00335-00085680-00085959 up above you see the the rapid decline
+p160Z4No0EU-00336-00085960-00086271 in the correlation score uh around april
+p160Z4No0EU-00337-00086272-00086359 10th
+p160Z4No0EU-00338-00086360-00086535 uh in the
+p160Z4No0EU-00339-00086536-00086799 500 hectopascal on
+p160Z4No0EU-00340-00086800-00087031 anomaly correlation skill score and what
+p160Z4No0EU-00341-00087032-00087191 you can see
+p160Z4No0EU-00342-00087192-00087550 uh below is the kind of verification
+p160Z4No0EU-00343-00087551-00087782 that's common for
+p160Z4No0EU-00344-00087783-00088167 european sector bus at least in the in
+p160Z4No0EU-00345-00088168-00088543 the ecmwf system so this is the common
+p160Z4No0EU-00346-00088544-00088967 uh 500 hectopascal anomaly
+p160Z4No0EU-00347-00088968-00089223 that comes out of a composite of
+p160Z4No0EU-00348-00089224-00089494 bus situations over
+p160Z4No0EU-00349-00089495-00089735 about 30 years time
+p160Z4No0EU-00350-00089736-00089926 30 years of samples
+p160Z4No0EU-00351-00089927-00090103 and so
+p160Z4No0EU-00352-00090104-00090271 what i want to point out
+p160Z4No0EU-00353-00090272-00090591 is that associated with the
+p160Z4No0EU-00354-00090592-00090887 height anomalies in in that composite
+p160Z4No0EU-00355-00090888-00091103 and this is
+p160Z4No0EU-00356-00091104-00091399 there's also a cape anomaly associated
+p160Z4No0EU-00357-00091400-00091694 with that that
+p160Z4No0EU-00358-00091695-00091926 composite and
+p160Z4No0EU-00359-00091927-00092182 in the particular case of the april 10th
+p160Z4No0EU-00360-00092183-00092279 the cape
+p160Z4No0EU-00361-00092280-00092391 um
+p160Z4No0EU-00362-00092392-00092631 initial
+p160Z4No0EU-00363-00092632-00092782 conditions
+p160Z4No0EU-00364-00092783-00093047 are shown here and you can see there's
+p160Z4No0EU-00365-00093048-00093367 quite a strong cape anomaly both
+p160Z4No0EU-00366-00093368-00093623 around the upper midwest and
+p160Z4No0EU-00367-00093624-00093959 on the east coast of the united states
+p160Z4No0EU-00368-00093960-00094087 this
+p160Z4No0EU-00369-00094088-00094343 leads to in fact
+p160Z4No0EU-00370-00094344-00094743 precipitation anomalies
+p160Z4No0EU-00371-00094744-00094918 both forecasts
+p160Z4No0EU-00372-00094919-00095087 and
+p160Z4No0EU-00373-00095088-00095335 the observed precipitation anomalies and
+p160Z4No0EU-00374-00095336-00095694 the observed precipitation anomalies
+p160Z4No0EU-00375-00095695-00096047 are in fact quite a bit stronger
+p160Z4No0EU-00376-00096048-00096359 than
+p160Z4No0EU-00377-00096360-00096567 the
+p160Z4No0EU-00378-00096568-00096718 forecast
+p160Z4No0EU-00379-00096719-00096943 precipitation anomalies and
+p160Z4No0EU-00380-00096944-00097135 precipitation
+p160Z4No0EU-00381-00097136-00097415 condensation is exactly this kind of
+p160Z4No0EU-00382-00097416-00097523 threshold
+p160Z4No0EU-00383-00097524-00097871 non-linearity and condensation
+p160Z4No0EU-00384-00097872-00098215 at a point where in a localized region
+p160Z4No0EU-00385-00098216-00098615 can lead to
+p160Z4No0EU-00386-00098616-00099062 anomalous errors not just in this region
+p160Z4No0EU-00387-00099063-00099303 where the
+p160Z4No0EU-00388-00099304-00099503 forcing is
+p160Z4No0EU-00389-00099504-00099750 where the anomalous precip is where the
+p160Z4No0EU-00390-00099751-00100038 anomalous precip errors are
+p160Z4No0EU-00391-00100039-00100391 but downstream and upstream because
+p160Z4No0EU-00392-00100392-00100694 uh it causes
+p160Z4No0EU-00393-00100695-00100974 this instantaneous cascade from small
+p160Z4No0EU-00394-00100975-00101231 scale to large scale so now i just want
+p160Z4No0EU-00395-00101232-00101311 to
+p160Z4No0EU-00396-00101312-00101567 ask if we can see this in a simplified
+p160Z4No0EU-00397-00101568-00101662 setting
+p160Z4No0EU-00398-00101663-00101943 maybe in a minute if you could yep i
+p160Z4No0EU-00399-00101944-00102191 will quit i'll be done in a second so
+p160Z4No0EU-00400-00102192-00102367 what we saw
+p160Z4No0EU-00401-00102368-00102647 did some experiments with the moist
+p160Z4No0EU-00402-00102648-00102894 shallow water equations which have an on
+p160Z4No0EU-00403-00102895-00102982 off
+p160Z4No0EU-00404-00102983-00103182 threshold instability
+p160Z4No0EU-00405-00103183-00103502 showed that in fact you do see
+p160Z4No0EU-00406-00103503-00103599 this
+p160Z4No0EU-00407-00103600-00103854 instantaneous cascade in the moist
+p160Z4No0EU-00408-00103855-00104134 spectral evolution you don't see it in a
+p160Z4No0EU-00409-00104135-00104366 dry spectral evolution
+p160Z4No0EU-00410-00104367-00104575 and i'm going to skip this because it's
+p160Z4No0EU-00411-00104576-00104886 a little too hard to explain in a short
+p160Z4No0EU-00412-00104888-00105286 period of time and move to my um
+p160Z4No0EU-00413-00105288-00105543 conclusions so
+p160Z4No0EU-00414-00105544-00105702 my conclusion
+p160Z4No0EU-00415-00105703-00105790 is
+p160Z4No0EU-00416-00105791-00105878 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00417-00105879-00106102 a somewhat unorthodox explanation
+p160Z4No0EU-00418-00106103-00106351 because history and tradition views
+p160Z4No0EU-00419-00106352-00106663 quadratic non-linearity in hydrodynamics
+p160Z4No0EU-00420-00106664-00106863 as the root cause of chaos and
+p160Z4No0EU-00421-00106864-00107127 unpredictability in reality
+p160Z4No0EU-00422-00107128-00107407 this mechanism can be quite slow
+p160Z4No0EU-00423-00107408-00107686 when compared to threshold non-linearity
+p160Z4No0EU-00424-00107688-00107983 inherent in the phase changes of water
+p160Z4No0EU-00425-00107983-00108215 this is particularly so when one
+p160Z4No0EU-00426-00108216-00108510 examines spatial scale interactions so
+p160Z4No0EU-00427-00108511-00108863 you get an instantaneous cascade and
+p160Z4No0EU-00428-00108864-00108951 this
+p160Z4No0EU-00429-00108952-00109175 may in fact limit
+p160Z4No0EU-00430-00109176-00109327 accurate
+p160Z4No0EU-00431-00109328-00109599 sub-seasonal forecasting in particular
+p160Z4No0EU-00432-00109600-00109943 to forecast some forecasts of weather to
+p160Z4No0EU-00433-00109944-00110102 the forecast
+p160Z4No0EU-00434-00110103-00110358 only a forecast of opportunity and not
+p160Z4No0EU-00435-00110359-00110454 into
+p160Z4No0EU-00436-00110455-00110727 a more general
+p160Z4No0EU-00437-00110728-00111054 ability to forecast at the subseasonal
+p160Z4No0EU-00438-00111055-00111239 range and i'll end there and take
+p160Z4No0EU-00439-00111240-00111423 questions
+p160Z4No0EU-00440-00111424-00111623 thanks a lot joe
+p160Z4No0EU-00441-00111624-00111854 great point and a great
+p160Z4No0EU-00442-00111855-00112175 talk
+p160Z4No0EU-00443-00112176-00112415 i don't see any questions or hands
+p160Z4No0EU-00444-00112416-00112607 raised yet jose i had a question in
+p160Z4No0EU-00445-00112608-00112839 terms of
+p160Z4No0EU-00446-00112840-00113023 being able to reduce this error that
+p160Z4No0EU-00447-00113024-00113286 comes from the moist physics
+p160Z4No0EU-00448-00113288-00113454 do you think we need to get into
+p160Z4No0EU-00449-00113455-00113654 convection resolving
+p160Z4No0EU-00450-00113655-00113927 regime for models or is it
+p160Z4No0EU-00451-00113928-00114134 at all possible with stochastic physics
+p160Z4No0EU-00452-00114135-00114471 and parameterized conviction
+p160Z4No0EU-00453-00114472-00114558 so
+p160Z4No0EU-00454-00114559-00114886 um i think
+p160Z4No0EU-00455-00114888-00115039 all of these
+p160Z4No0EU-00456-00115040-00115183 we will have
+p160Z4No0EU-00457-00115183-00115439 some limitations associated in my
+p160Z4No0EU-00458-00115440-00115710 opinion uh fact is
+p160Z4No0EU-00459-00115711-00116095 uh we'll be limited to how well
+p160Z4No0EU-00460-00116096-00116454 in convection resolving
+p160Z4No0EU-00461-00116455-00116823 situations how well can resolve
+p160Z4No0EU-00462-00116824-00117134 the exact location of convection
+p160Z4No0EU-00463-00117135-00117478 right now when we do
+p160Z4No0EU-00464-00117479-00117743 method scale prediction at convection
+p160Z4No0EU-00465-00117744-00118039 uh resolving scales we oftentimes
+p160Z4No0EU-00466-00118040-00118190 allow ourselves
+p160Z4No0EU-00467-00118191-00118519 the
+p160Z4No0EU-00468-00118520-00118790 opportunity to say well the convection
+p160Z4No0EU-00469-00118791-00119007 is not quite in the right spot or it's
+p160Z4No0EU-00470-00119008-00119263 it's delayed a bit in time
+p160Z4No0EU-00471-00119264-00119647 those errors in time and space
+p160Z4No0EU-00472-00119648-00119863 will lead once again
+p160Z4No0EU-00473-00119864-00120254 to this kind of instantaneous cascade
+p160Z4No0EU-00474-00120255-00120510 as will errors in parameterized
+p160Z4No0EU-00475-00120511-00120743 convection and errors
+p160Z4No0EU-00476-00120744-00120823 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00477-00120824-00121007 uh
+p160Z4No0EU-00478-00121008-00121110 input
+p160Z4No0EU-00479-00121111-00121431 uh by stochastic parameterization so i
+p160Z4No0EU-00480-00121432-00121719 don't think there's an easy way around
+p160Z4No0EU-00481-00121720-00122031 this problem
+p160Z4No0EU-00482-00122032-00122286 it's a it's a fundamental nature of the
+p160Z4No0EU-00483-00122288-00122419 high order
+p160Z4No0EU-00484-00122420-00122783 non-linearity associated with
+p160Z4No0EU-00485-00122783-00123343 uh kind of threshold non-linearities
+p160Z4No0EU-00486-00123344-00123607 great um okay thanks a lot again for the
+p160Z4No0EU-00487-00123608-00123854 talk joe and we'll have more questions
+p160Z4No0EU-00488-00123855-00124071 during the interaction networking
+p160Z4No0EU-00489-00124072-00124423 sessions later in the week so
+p160Z4No0EU-00490-00124424-00124760 great
+p160Z4No0EU-00491-00124761-00125134 [Music]
+p160Z4No0EU-00492-00125135-00125344 you
+p1_DRbSt30k-00000-00000000-00000299 um Aaron it was as a pleasure I had fun
+p1_DRbSt30k-00001-00000300-00000470 with your friends thank you for their
+p1_DRbSt30k-00002-00000471-00000586 room for tomorrow night I'm gonna
+p1_DRbSt30k-00003-00000587-00000761 probably pick up another bottle tomorrow
+p1_DRbSt30k-00004-00000762-00000952 and see if I get my friend Brian to come
+p1_DRbSt30k-00005-00000953-00001012 with me
+p1_DRbSt30k-00006-00001013-00001211 very good to hear we'll see if we can
+p1_DRbSt30k-00007-00001212-00001375 have any more soft drinks to bring to
+p1_DRbSt30k-00008-00001376-00001636 your party I'll dress flashy is before
+p1_DRbSt30k-00009-00001637-00002042 and do get home safely thank you so Sam
+p1_DRbSt30k-00010-00002043-00002183 has plenty of things that she's bringing
+p1_DRbSt30k-00011-00002184-00002392 to the party so we'll bring the pasta
+p1_DRbSt30k-00012-00002393-00002668 salad yeah great I'll see you tomorrow
+p1_DRbSt30k-00013-00002669-00002975 Happy New Year dress safely be safe take
+p1_DRbSt30k-00014-00002976-00003326 care hello world I'm Maya sender Mayer
+p1_DRbSt30k-00015-00003327-00003490 and I would like to welcome you to the
+p1_DRbSt30k-00016-00003492-00003908 latest episode of my vlog series so far
+p1_DRbSt30k-00017-00003909-00004133 I have been able to share my experiences
+p1_DRbSt30k-00018-00004134-00004388 on what it's like to live on the
+p1_DRbSt30k-00019-00004389-00004556 autistic spectrum or rather have
+p1_DRbSt30k-00020-00004557-00004888 Asperger's syndrome a second thing that
+p1_DRbSt30k-00021-00004889-00005345 I will do is buy my two cents on what's
+p1_DRbSt30k-00022-00005346-00005656 going on with autism in the media and a
+p1_DRbSt30k-00023-00005657-00006043 third area entails of providing tips and
+p1_DRbSt30k-00024-00006044-00006293 advice for those of you who are on the
+p1_DRbSt30k-00025-00006294-00006352 spectrum
+p1_DRbSt30k-00026-00006353-00006545 I will also reach out to your friends
+p1_DRbSt30k-00027-00006545-00006863 family members peers mentors educators
+p1_DRbSt30k-00028-00006864-00007210 employers and anybody who is inside the
+p1_DRbSt30k-00029-00007211-00007453 autistic community and finally I will
+p1_DRbSt30k-00030-00007454-00007589 cover topics on things that I'm
+p1_DRbSt30k-00031-00007590-00007823 passionate about along with sharing the
+p1_DRbSt30k-00032-00007823-00008098 day in the life of my ascender Mayer so
+p1_DRbSt30k-00033-00008100-00008554 check it out
+p1_DRbSt30k-00034-00008555-00009098 [Music]
+p1_DRbSt30k-00035-00009099-00009641 Alexa are there any sales for Martinus
+p1_DRbSt30k-00036-00009642-00009977 there are three popular skills first is
+p1_DRbSt30k-00037-00009978-00010070 jeopardy
+p1_DRbSt30k-00038-00010071-00010310 play up to 12 new jeopardy clues each
+p1_DRbSt30k-00039-00010311-00010520 weekday from categories that appear like
+p1_DRbSt30k-00040-00010521-00010626 these broadcast
+p1_DRbSt30k-00041-00010627-00010853 Shug your response or an authentic
+p1_DRbSt30k-00042-00010854-00011130 generally experience would you like to
+p1_DRbSt30k-00043-00011131-00011583 England okay next is would you rather
+p1_DRbSt30k-00044-00011584-00011780 for family more would you rather is a
+p1_DRbSt30k-00045-00011781-00012166 simple device a game where you make stop
+p1_DRbSt30k-00046-00012167-00013190 what I just got the key to the clubhouse
+p1_DRbSt30k-00047-00013191-00013452 this is where the party is going to be
+p1_DRbSt30k-00048-00013453-00013740 tomorrow night I'll show you around a
+p1_DRbSt30k-00049-00013741-00014250 little bit and I got a run this is the
+p1_DRbSt30k-00050-00014251-00014643 living room or the sitting area I'm
+p1_DRbSt30k-00051-00014644-00015041 going to probably move this coffee table
+p1_DRbSt30k-00052-00015043-00015303 in the corner over there so that people
+p1_DRbSt30k-00053-00015304-00015477 can dance and I'm going to bring my
+p1_DRbSt30k-00054-00015478-00015755 Bluetooth speaker and these chairs over
+p1_DRbSt30k-00055-00015756-00015936 here my neighbor suggested be put
+p1_DRbSt30k-00056-00015937-00016125 against the wall and anything else I'm
+p1_DRbSt30k-00057-00016126-00016358 going to try to load in the back so that
+p1_DRbSt30k-00058-00016359-00016599 people have room to dance because this
+p1_DRbSt30k-00059-00016600-00017022 is a big dance party my neighbor was
+p1_DRbSt30k-00060-00017023-00017231 also kind enough to open his home so
+p1_DRbSt30k-00061-00017232-00017525 people can go there to get some respite
+p1_DRbSt30k-00062-00017526-00017703 from the party in there they're gonna be
+p1_DRbSt30k-00063-00017704-00017874 playing eighties movies and we're gonna
+p1_DRbSt30k-00064-00017875-00018409 watch the ball drop at midnight
+p1_DRbSt30k-00065-00018410-00018967 [Music]
+p1_DRbSt30k-00066-00018968-00019347 I wanted to anyone update on my hands
+p1_DRbSt30k-00067-00019348-00019563 and I don't have much time is this
+p1_DRbSt30k-00068-00019564-00019992 battery is low but I wanted to let you
+p1_DRbSt30k-00069-00019993-00020500 know that she had a stroke and she had
+p1_DRbSt30k-00070-00020501-00020917 it sometime during Christmas or before
+p1_DRbSt30k-00071-00020918-00021253 Christmas and as you guys know she was
+p1_DRbSt30k-00072-00021254-00021547 rushed to the hospital and all that well
+p1_DRbSt30k-00073-00021548-00022161 unfortunately this stroke was so severe
+p1_DRbSt30k-00074-00022162-00022369 and she wasn't caught in enough time
+p1_DRbSt30k-00075-00022370-00022744 that it caused a significant amount of
+p1_DRbSt30k-00076-00022745-00023143 damage to her brain and it caused her to
+p1_DRbSt30k-00077-00023144-00023614 lose a lot of functions so
+p1_DRbSt30k-00078-00023615-00023967 she ended up surviving on a respirator
+p1_DRbSt30k-00079-00023968-00024425 and so before she died she had organized
+p1_DRbSt30k-00080-00024426-00024689 the power of attorney and all that this
+p1_DRbSt30k-00081-00024690-00025017 was a long time ago and she told me that
+p1_DRbSt30k-00082-00025018-00025344 if she ended up in a state like she is
+p1_DRbSt30k-00083-00025345-00025697 now just take her off take her off life
+p1_DRbSt30k-00084-00025698-00026043 support so she'd been living on a
+p1_DRbSt30k-00085-00026044-00026558 ventilator for a few days and because
+p1_DRbSt30k-00086-00026560-00026967 she had her power of attorney take
+p1_DRbSt30k-00087-00026968-00027351 control of her situation they took my
+p1_DRbSt30k-00088-00027352-00027675 aunt off life support sometime between a
+p1_DRbSt30k-00089-00027676-00027989 Friday and Saturday Friday night Friday
+p1_DRbSt30k-00090-00027991-00028496 afternoon Saturday morning so my aunt is
+p1_DRbSt30k-00091-00028497-00028695 currently in the hospital and she's
+p1_DRbSt30k-00092-00028695-00028889 awful up all supports
+p1_DRbSt30k-00093-00028889-00029233 she's laying in bed and she's dying and
+p1_DRbSt30k-00094-00029235-00029633 I went to see her yesterday and she was
+p1_DRbSt30k-00095-00029633-00029807 still in the ICU but the last I heard
+p1_DRbSt30k-00096-00029808-00029987 they were going to move her to the
+p1_DRbSt30k-00097-00029988-00030227 medical floor where it'd be quieter or
+p1_DRbSt30k-00098-00030227-00030716 she'd be able to die in peace so I'm
+p1_DRbSt30k-00099-00030717-00031100 going to be going through a a loss and a
+p1_DRbSt30k-00100-00031101-00031454 beer a fence and it's sad because she
+p1_DRbSt30k-00101-00031455-00031622 and I were close and then we fell apart
+p1_DRbSt30k-00102-00031623-00031931 and then I turn around you're after this
+p1_DRbSt30k-00103-00031932-00032195 falling out and she's that or she's
+p1_DRbSt30k-00104-00032195-00032645 brain dead she's going to go
+p1_DRbSt30k-00105-00032645-00032833 and
+p1_DRbSt30k-00106-00032834-00033064 she's not we're not gonna have a funeral
+p1_DRbSt30k-00107-00033065-00033388 for her we're going to we're going to
+p1_DRbSt30k-00108-00033389-00033545 have her cremated which is what she
+p1_DRbSt30k-00109-00033546-00033857 wanted and she wants her ashes scattered
+p1_DRbSt30k-00110-00033858-00034079 somewhere I'm lucky I'd love to take her
+p1_DRbSt30k-00111-00034080-00034351 ashes maybe to Disneyworld because
+p1_DRbSt30k-00112-00034352-00034501 that's where we did our first vacation
+p1_DRbSt30k-00113-00034502-00034771 together two years before I moved in
+p1_DRbSt30k-00114-00034772-00034915 with her in the year two actually two
+p1_DRbSt30k-00115-00034916-00035263 three years in the year 2000 when I was
+p1_DRbSt30k-00116-00035264-00035665 about 18 results but I was doing some
+p1_DRbSt30k-00117-00035666-00035854 research on that and I heard that's
+p1_DRbSt30k-00118-00035855-00036343 legal I'm hoping I could maybe spread
+p1_DRbSt30k-00119-00036344-00036532 them somewhere around the Orlando
+p1_DRbSt30k-00120-00036533-00036874 Florida area but if not maybe up at her
+p1_DRbSt30k-00121-00036875-00037272 cabin so
+p1_DRbSt30k-00122-00037273-00037596 meanwhile I am going to join a grief
+p1_DRbSt30k-00123-00037597-00037968 support group for a while so that I can
+p1_DRbSt30k-00124-00037969-00038265 process this because grief is not easy I
+p1_DRbSt30k-00125-00038266-00038463 mean mom I was already grieving the loss
+p1_DRbSt30k-00126-00038464-00038706 of our relationship and I started
+p1_DRbSt30k-00127-00038707-00038988 hitting the depression levels and I'm
+p1_DRbSt30k-00128-00038989-00039315 now in counseling dealing with that so
+p1_DRbSt30k-00129-00039316-00039528 I'm also going to join this a free
+p1_DRbSt30k-00130-00039529-00039729 support group that's at the same Center
+p1_DRbSt30k-00131-00039730-00040689 where I get counseling so I'm here now
+p1_DRbSt30k-00132-00040690-00041730 I'm knock on the door are you happy new
+p1_DRbSt30k-00133-00041731-00041778 beer
+p1_DRbSt30k-00134-00041779-00042366 oh no I shaved no new beer is actually a
+p1_DRbSt30k-00135-00042367-00042579 saying that I came up with years ago
+p1_DRbSt30k-00136-00042580-00042816 because people don't drink beer on New
+p1_DRbSt30k-00137-00042817-00043077 Year's well you do have a little alcohol
+p1_DRbSt30k-00138-00043078-00043365 in sharpies wait I'm not putting myself
+p1_DRbSt30k-00139-00043366-00043779 on the blog hi David the sky I was that
+p1_DRbSt30k-00140-00043780-00044103 shooting my blog you want to say hi so
+p1_DRbSt30k-00141-00044104-00044358 this is my way this is my voice a hello
+p1_DRbSt30k-00142-00044359-00044420 world
+p1_DRbSt30k-00143-00044421-00044783 that were up hello world not what's up
+p1_DRbSt30k-00144-00044784-00044885 world is hello world
+p1_DRbSt30k-00145-00044886-00045115 oh hello world yeah this is Dave tell me
+p1_DRbSt30k-00146-00045116-00046123 about yourself well tall I love sports
+p1_DRbSt30k-00147-00046124-00046958 video games and I play them on the
+p1_DRbSt30k-00148-00046959-00047180 regular I don't play sports but I play
+p1_DRbSt30k-00149-00047181-00047660 video games David happy new beer happy
+p1_DRbSt30k-00150-00047661-00049355 new beer this is girls
+p1_DRbSt30k-00151-00049356-00049583 you sure cute but check her up you click
+p1_DRbSt30k-00152-00049584-00049748 up in the upper right hand corner you
+p1_DRbSt30k-00153-00049749-00050021 can find Sony's channels
+p1_DRbSt30k-00154-00050022-00050426 so on the spectrum she like since I like
+p1_DRbSt30k-00155-00050427-00050651 to use the term asking most people say
+p1_DRbSt30k-00156-00050652-00050813 our perfect I'm going to say you're
+p1_DRbSt30k-00157-00050814-00050999 she's an audio like myself and she's
+p1_DRbSt30k-00158-00051000-00051073 awesome
+p1_DRbSt30k-00159-00051074-00052589 so I did it movements in jail the party
+p1_DRbSt30k-00160-00052590-00053021 was great and had a nice time but two
+p1_DRbSt30k-00161-00053022-00053297 things I was overwhelmed and I did a lot
+p1_DRbSt30k-00162-00053298-00053651 of rocking stimming because it was just
+p1_DRbSt30k-00163-00053652-00053912 overwhelming in there and number two
+p1_DRbSt30k-00164-00053913-00054086 while I was talking to a few of my
+p1_DRbSt30k-00165-00054087-00054301 friends we were talking about some
+p1_DRbSt30k-00166-00054302-00054587 noises that people like to make on big
+p1_DRbSt30k-00167-00054588-00054782 celebrations and I ended up having a
+p1_DRbSt30k-00168-00054783-00055052 trigger with my aunt because when we
+p1_DRbSt30k-00169-00055053-00055229 started talking about that people
+p1_DRbSt30k-00170-00055229-00055480 shooting off gunshots or firing guns at
+p1_DRbSt30k-00171-00055482-00055709 midnight in New Year's Eve I got
+p1_DRbSt30k-00172-00055710-00055901 triggered and I had to go take some time
+p1_DRbSt30k-00173-00055902-00056348 to myself because the night that it was
+p1_DRbSt30k-00174-00056349-00056786 Christmas Eve this year my aunt was
+p1_DRbSt30k-00175-00056787-00057146 probably lying in her bed helpless and I
+p1_DRbSt30k-00176-00057147-00057626 don't think or I can't imagine what that
+p1_DRbSt30k-00177-00057627-00058037 was like but that's just really sad and
+p1_DRbSt30k-00178-00058038-00058282 I can't help but wonder if I'm gonna
+p1_DRbSt30k-00179-00058283-00058463 start crying every time I hear fireworks
+p1_DRbSt30k-00180-00058464-00058972 or the sound of gunshots firing
+p1_DRbSt30k-00181-00058973-00059325 well that's it for now if you like what
+p1_DRbSt30k-00182-00059326-00059535 I'm doing this be sure to subscribe to
+p1_DRbSt30k-00183-00059536-00059838 my channel also be sure to check me out
+p1_DRbSt30k-00184-00059839-00060111 on any of my social media Facebook
+p1_DRbSt30k-00185-00060112-00060409 Twitter Instagram you can find those in
+p1_DRbSt30k-00186-00060410-00060675 the description below and finally check
+p1_DRbSt30k-00187-00060676-00060909 out my written blogs on WordPress com
+p1_DRbSt30k-00188-00060910-00061212 they are scholarly practical application
+p1_DRbSt30k-00189-00061213-00061716 and reviews related to future horizons
+p1_DRbSt30k-00190-00061717-00062235 and anything from books to autism
+p1_DRbSt30k-00191-00062236-00062580 conferences anyway until next time I'm
+p1_DRbSt30k-00192-00062581-00063123 my Adam signing up
+p1_DRbSt30k-00193-00063124-00063357 [Music]
+p1_DRbSt30k-00194-00063358-00063710 who went to jail
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00000-00000488-00000799 is the air disc container worth it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00001-00000800-00001054 in our home we hardly use ours in fact i
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00002-00001055-00001478 had to go into our storage area
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00003-00001479-00001623 and dig it out i didn't even know where
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00004-00001623-00001782 it was all that said the air
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00005-00001784-00002079 discontainer is really cool
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00006-00002080-00002342 especially if you eat dairy and even if
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00007-00002343-00002510 you don't so today we're going to show
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00008-00002511-00002710 you a few things that it can do the air
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00009-00002711-00002934 disc container and our top three
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00010-00002935-00003102 non-dairy uses for the air disc
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00011-00003103-00003311 container but first here's shalva
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00012-00003311-00003486 explaining to our four-year-old how the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00013-00003488-00003703 air disc container works there's no
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00014-00003704-00003951 sharp blade it basically
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00015-00003952-00004286 pushes air like pumps air around into it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00016-00004287-00004415 and what it's going to do is it's going
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00017-00004416-00004695 to like break up the lemons and break up
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00018-00004696-00004886 the strawberries and make it like cold
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00019-00004887-00005054 and sweet and delicious
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00020-00005055-00005286 um and then
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00021-00005287-00005367 it's
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00022-00005368-00005559 done like we don't have to strain it or
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00023-00005560-00005735 do anything to it like it just comes out
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00024-00005736-00005983 of here and we get to drink it oh yeah
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00025-00005984-00006118 right and that's actually the origin
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00026-00006119-00006302 story of how the air disc container came
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00027-00006303-00006583 to be there was a mixologist in the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00028-00006584-00006806 cleveland area i think that needed a way
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00029-00006808-00006903 to make
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00030-00006904-00007334 three or four mojitos in a flash but not
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00031-00007336-00007567 sacrifice any of the flavors the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00032-00007568-00007974 extraction of of the oils in the citrus
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00033-00007975-00008191 a seamless experience
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00034-00008192-00008295 that a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00035-00008296-00008542 mixologist would approve of would fast
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00036-00008543-00008678 and that's how it works the aerodisc
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00037-00008679-00008927 container muddles the ingredients using
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00038-00008928-00009223 the ice and the disc the ingredients are
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00039-00009224-00009623 muddled and oils are infused the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00040-00009624-00009831 herbs are muddled
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00041-00009832-00010119 and the drink is chilled
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00042-00010120-00010414 all without watering it down the the ice
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00043-00010415-00010567 doesn't get crushed it just kind of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00044-00010568-00010759 moves around michelle from the culinary
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00045-00010760-00010967 center said it passed
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00046-00010968-00011142 and then the ice also kind of helps beat
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00047-00011143-00011278 up the um
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00048-00011279-00011431 the lime a little bit everything kind of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00049-00011432-00011599 gets beat up
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00050-00011600-00011927 instead of pulverized and liquefied like
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00051-00011928-00012470 a standard vitamix container
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00052-00012471-00012646 look at that is that beautiful that's
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00053-00012647-00012822 very nice how's that for a great holiday
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00054-00012823-00013038 drink so everyone can see what it did to
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00055-00013039-00013191 the lime you see how it just like took
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00056-00013191-00013463 all that flavor out of that lime it just
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00057-00013463-00013719 beat it up but yet it left it all intact
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00058-00013719-00013815 so it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00059-00013816-00013979 allows you to get a really great
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00060-00013980-00014094 [Music]
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00061-00014095-00014279 pomegranate cosmopolitan and then
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00062-00014280-00014486 vitamix realized what if this could be
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00063-00014487-00014815 more than just a commercial beverage
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00064-00014816-00015063 maker could it be more than just a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00065-00015063-00015255 muddling machine chalk it up to clever
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00066-00015256-00015407 marketing or
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00067-00015408-00015647 engineering or experimentation but
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00068-00015647-00015879 the answer was yes this thing can do
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00069-00015880-00016103 some really cool stuff especially with
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00070-00016104-00016286 dairy and eggs so aside from muddling
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00071-00016287-00016607 whipping fresh whipped cream with stiff
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00072-00016608-00016871 peaks in seconds what also makes it cool
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00073-00016872-00017230 is you can add fresh berries and it will
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00074-00017231-00017486 add obviously like flavor bursts to the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00075-00017487-00017783 whipped cream but a unique consistency
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00076-00017784-00017950 that you wouldn't get from a standard
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00077-00017951-00018199 container there's like little sort of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00078-00018200-00018399 almost like i want to say like confetti
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00079-00018400-00018607 of fruit in in the whipped cream so you
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00080-00018608-00018767 have muddling you have whipping it can
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00081-00018768-00019014 emulsify so a hollandaise sauce without
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00082-00019015-00019191 using a whisk
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00083-00019192-00019463 can the air discontainer do a better job
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00084-00019464-00019822 of emulsifying than a standard vitamix
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00085-00019823-00019975 container it's hard to say we haven't
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00086-00019976-00020214 tested it i'd say it's fair to say that
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00087-00020215-00020391 it's not going to do a worse job and if
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00088-00020392-00020663 anything it would do a better job more
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00089-00020664-00020878 sort of it's more similar to what a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00090-00020879-00021143 whisk does by adding air instead of just
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00091-00021144-00021263 purely like
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00092-00021264-00021471 chopping it or like slicing through it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00093-00021472-00021686 with a blade and finally the fourth use
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00094-00021687-00021919 for the air disc container is
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00095-00021920-00022158 chex notes
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00096-00022159-00022335 oh foams
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00097-00022336-00022663 hot or cold foams so take skim milk and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00098-00022664-00022814 we'll talk about this in one second it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00099-00022815-00022991 can actually do a plant-based milk
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00100-00022992-00023135 pretty well
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00101-00023136-00023239 to make
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00102-00023240-00023383 foams
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00103-00023384-00023583 hot or cold foams for
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00104-00023584-00023750 cocktails and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00105-00023751-00023927 specialty coffee drinks and of course
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00106-00023928-00024158 the container is consumer friendly so
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00107-00024159-00024503 it's bpa free it's dishwasher safe and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00108-00024504-00024719 it's compatible with all the vitamix
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00109-00024720-00024886 machines out there so an ascent or
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00110-00024887-00025022 legacy machines that works with all of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00111-00025023-00025167 them but what if you're dairy free what
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00112-00025168-00025375 if your whole food plant-based is the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00113-00025376-00025606 air disc container worth it then hey use
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00114-00025607-00025822 our links hey use our links life is
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00115-00025823-00026094 noyoke.com forward links
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00116-00026095-00026270 prior to a few days ago we would have
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00117-00026272-00026439 said no we just use it for bash
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00118-00026439-00026662 cocktails but we put it to the test with
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00119-00026663-00027079 a few more things here's what we made
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00120-00027080-00027351 first of all we made the under the radar
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00121-00027352-00027662 but incredibly delicious and like
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00122-00027663-00027895 nothing we've ever had come out of a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00123-00027895-00028039 vitamix machine
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00124-00028039-00028246 strawberry lemonade what makes it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00125-00028247-00028470 incredibly awesome let me show you first
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00126-00028472-00028799 of all it's absurdly easy one lemon
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00127-00028800-00029023 three strawberries and some honey if
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00128-00029024-00029158 you're plant-based you can substitute
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00129-00029160-00029367 with another sweetener so few
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00130-00029368-00029679 ingredients and so little of each
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00131-00029680-00029831 like
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00132-00029832-00030014 usually with blender recipes that calls
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00133-00030016-00030302 for like a zillion strawberries and then
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00134-00030303-00030551 easiest way pound of berries frozen
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00135-00030552-00030758 frozen strawberries right in there
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00136-00030760-00030958 this used
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00137-00030960-00031102 three if you're making it at home the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00138-00031103-00031318 strawberry lemonade recipe is one and a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00139-00031319-00031631 half cups of cold water one lemon or
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00140-00031632-00031790 lime if you want to make strawberry
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00141-00031791-00032031 limeade with the ends trimmed and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00142-00032032-00032279 discarded and the remainder cut into
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00143-00032280-00032590 four equal slices between a quarter and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00144-00032591-00032751 half an inch thick
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00145-00032752-00032990 basically you're making wheels
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00146-00032991-00033262 and this is the perfect shape to extract
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00147-00033263-00033527 all the juice and the oils most
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00148-00033528-00033727 efficiently three strawberries hauled
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00149-00033728-00034023 and quarter two tablespoons honey or
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00150-00034024-00034262 whatever sweetener you like and two cups
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00151-00034263-00034694 of ice cubes
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00152-00034695-00035207 [Applause]
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00153-00035208-00035390 well done so you put everything in the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00154-00035391-00035630 order listed and increase the speed to
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00155-00035631-00035862 the highest setting and run for 30 to 45
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00156-00035863-00036095 seconds we like to use the top as a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00157-00036096-00036302 strainer so to pour it right away
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00158-00036303-00036574 leaving the ice and the the lemon rinds
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00159-00036575-00036855 inside it lasts pretty long you can put
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00160-00036856-00037111 it in the fridge and if you want you can
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00161-00037112-00037287 serve it over ice too to make it extra
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00162-00037288-00037487 extra cold more love for the strawberry
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00163-00037488-00038815 lemonade this recipe is awesome
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00164-00038816-00039015 and finally
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00165-00039016-00039239 finally i've never had anything like
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00166-00039240-00039446 this come out of a blender the best way
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00167-00039447-00039639 to describe it is this is like a hand
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00168-00039640-00039855 muddled cocktail which makes sense this
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00169-00039856-00040095 you know that air disc container is a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00170-00040096-00040271 it's a batch cocktail maker i mean if
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00171-00040272-00040495 you watch it kind of pour and you can i
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00172-00040496-00040718 mean you can kind of see through it and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00173-00040719-00040887 it's definitely not a smoothie it's
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00174-00040888-00041295 definitely not juice it's
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00175-00041296-00041462 it's amazing i'm going to run out of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00176-00041463-00041743 b-roll to cover all this praise i have
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00177-00041744-00041983 for the strawberry lemonade but it's ice
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00178-00041984-00042287 cold and it's bursting with flavors and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00179-00042288-00042383 it's
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00180-00042384-00042655 it's sweet but not too sweet kids like
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00181-00042656-00042871 it you can always add sweetness and it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00182-00042872-00043087 works really well if you want to make it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00183-00043088-00043246 an adult beverage
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00184-00043247-00043446 we took it on a wok and made it a wok
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00185-00043447-00043702 tail for the strawberry lemonade for all
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00186-00043703-00043887 the other types of lemonade you can make
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00187-00043888-00044118 like lavender blueberry lemonade the air
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00188-00044119-00044287 disc container may be worth it the next
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00189-00044288-00044574 thing we made was aqua faba fluff and i
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00190-00044575-00044758 need to provide some background here on
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00191-00044759-00044983 aquafaba bean water it's literally the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00192-00044984-00045302 water from a can of cooked chickpeas and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00193-00045303-00045630 it's used for plant-based cooking as a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00194-00045631-00045846 in place of an egg white basically as a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00195-00045847-00046071 as a binder it's in our beloved pancake
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00196-00046072-00046246 recipe oatmeal pancakes made with
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00197-00046247-00046495 aquafaba so aquafaba fluff is kind of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00198-00046496-00046767 like a plant-based cream you take
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00199-00046768-00047118 three-quarters cup aquafaba
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00200-00047119-00047335 one-quarter cup powdered sugar quarter
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00201-00047336-00047558 teaspoon of cream of tartar and you
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00202-00047559-00047886 slowly ramp to variable speed 7 if you
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00203-00047887-00048086 have an ascent or a g series and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00204-00048087-00048327 variable speed 5 if you have a c series
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00205-00048328-00048583 like a 5200 and you let that run for one
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00206-00048584-00048983 minute
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00207-00048984-00049199 quick side note about the the noise
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00208-00049200-00049358 output of the air disc container how
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00209-00049359-00049615 loud it is the air disc itself it's
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00210-00049616-00049799 surprisingly quiet and it makes sense
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00211-00049800-00050086 there isn't a lot of ingredients getting
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00212-00050087-00050286 thrown against the sides of the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00213-00050287-00050495 container they're not getting sort of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00214-00050496-00050727 punched and pulverized by a blade
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00215-00050728-00050958 there's less friction it's just it's
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00216-00050959-00051446 it's pretty quiet with one exception
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00217-00051447-00051599 it almost sounded like an airplane was
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00218-00051600-00052158 taking off not necessarily loud but you
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00219-00052159-00052287 [Music]
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00220-00052288-00052591 the peaks will get stiffer if you wait
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00221-00052591-00052750 the top gets
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00222-00052751-00052982 harder because of the cream of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00223-00052983-00053238 tartar and then the kind of heavier
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00224-00053239-00053415 liquid falls at the bottom so you scoop
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00225-00053416-00053623 it off like a can of coconut milk but to
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00226-00053624-00053750 be clear
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00227-00053751-00054071 this is not vegan whipped cream
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00228-00054072-00054303 plant-based whipped cream
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00229-00054304-00054535 like what you would get at a store in a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00230-00054536-00054742 in an aerosol can
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00231-00054744-00054950 which is basically identical to whipped
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00232-00054951-00055166 cream it's a very different consistency
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00233-00055167-00055423 and because it uses cream of tartar it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00234-00055424-00055687 tastes like cream of tartar tastes bad
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00235-00055688-00055959 it tastes bad
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00236-00055960-00056230 you like to taste the fluff stuff no
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00237-00056232-00056438 it's weird we like healthy food and we
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00238-00056439-00056750 like plant-based food
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00239-00056751-00056942 but we're too much of foodies for this
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00240-00056944-00057111 one so yeah that one didn't make our top
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00241-00057112-00057326 three uses for the air disc container
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00242-00057327-00058036 dairy free recipes but
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00243-00058037-00058150 [Music]
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00244-00058151-00058479 but the next two did beginning with cold
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00245-00058479-00058791 foam cappuccino so cold foam cappuccino
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00246-00058791-00059135 is espresso with cold foam on top cold
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00247-00059136-00059350 espresso and the reason you use cold
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00248-00059351-00059615 foam is so you're not having warm foam
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00249-00059616-00059847 heat up the cold espresso it's a cold
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00250-00059848-00060126 summer drink fancy cold summer drink
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00251-00060127-00060326 anyway we knew that the air disc
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00252-00060327-00060591 container could make cold foam with cold
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00253-00060591-00060782 skim milk but could it get the same
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00254-00060783-00061006 results with dairy-free milks in the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00255-00061007-00061199 past we've tried almond milk
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00256-00061200-00061399 store-bought cashew milk oat milk
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00257-00061400-00061503 whatever
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00258-00061504-00061854 we heard that ripple brand and maybe
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00259-00061855-00062030 that's not that important but
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00260-00062032-00062430 pea protein milk milk foams great and it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00261-00062432-00062635 did now to be clear
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00262-00062636-00062775 [Music]
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00263-00062776-00063126 shalva still imbibes in dairy out of our
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00264-00063127-00063430 house and she worked as a barista in
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00265-00063432-00063711 high school so she's very particular
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00266-00063712-00063847 when it comes to
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00267-00063848-00064071 fancy coffee drinks and she knows what
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00268-00064072-00064303 they should be this is the foam
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00269-00064304-00064519 big bubbles
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00270-00064520-00064806 which is not what you want on uh no
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00271-00064807-00064991 do you want little bubbles yeah you want
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00272-00064991-00065599 dense bubbles
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00273-00065600-00065711 it'll do
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00274-00065712-00065926 interesting in a pinch but you want a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00275-00065927-00066111 dense foam like this should be up to
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00276-00066112-00066455 here right now three scoops like
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00277-00066456-00066671 it's basically just
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00278-00066672-00066919 milk with bubbles in it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00279-00066920-00067087 if you do this with skim milk the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00280-00067088-00067271 container would be up to here but i
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00281-00067272-00067526 loved it you get this ice cold coffee
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00282-00067527-00067694 coming through these
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00283-00067695-00067959 foamy bubbles it's a cool experience the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00284-00067960-00068143 best way to describe it is that it was
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00285-00068144-00068359 just really fun
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00286-00068360-00068615 fun to drink life-changing use case no
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00287-00068616-00068711 but
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00288-00068712-00068982 more of a must try if you know when when
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00289-00068983-00069126 you have one of these things and finally
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00290-00069127-00069359 we went back to old faithful we made a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00291-00069360-00069599 batch cocktail the third type of batch
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00292-00069600-00069719 cocktail we've made in the air disc
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00293-00069720-00069967 container the first being mojitos the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00294-00069968-00070191 second being a pomegranate cosmopolitan
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00295-00070192-00070447 with michelin headquarters and now
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00296-00070448-00070535 mint
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00297-00070536-00070726 julep
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00298-00070727-00070982 and juleps you take half a cup of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00299-00070983-00071262 bourbon we used an inexpensive
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00300-00071263-00071655 brand to save and it kind of reminded us
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00301-00071656-00071735 of
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00302-00071736-00071887 it smells like stuff
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00303-00071888-00072199 it does smell like college
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00304-00072200-00072526 college half cup of cold water half a
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00305-00072527-00072887 cup of sugar like so much sugar 20 mint
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00306-00072888-00073215 leaves and 4 cups of ice
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00307-00073216-00073903 ice
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00308-00073904-00074094 top on
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00309-00074095-00074311 30 seconds on variable speed 5 in the
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00310-00074312-00074406 air disc
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00311-00074407-00074655 if you want you can garnish with mint
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00312-00074656-00074879 of course it's a batch cocktail this
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00313-00074880-00074950 thing
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00314-00074951-00075182 is made to do this it was super good
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00315-00075183-00075415 super fun and super easy
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00316-00075416-00075606 guys one mistake to avoid with your
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00317-00075607-00075799 address container actually with mint
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00318-00075800-00075950 julep is
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00319-00075951-00076150 drink them right away tastes so good in
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00320-00076151-00076367 the fridge the next day the mint juice
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00321-00076368-00076535 tastes like toothpaste and
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00322-00076536-00076679 guys thanks so much for supporting our
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00323-00076680-00076815 work really appreciate it
+p2-xXYuNzZo-00324-00076816-00077116 lifeisnoyoke.com
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00000-00000007-00000083 [Music]
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00001-00000084-00000368 yes
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00002-00000369-00001609 [Music]
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00003-00001610-00002355 [Music]
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00004-00002356-00003151 [Music]
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00005-00003152-00004386 [Music]
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00006-00004387-00004750 thank you
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00007-00004751-00007163 [Music]
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00008-00007164-00007604 foreign
+p2WTMVw5pKQ-00009-00007605-00007929 [Music]
+p4yb3IZijHU-00000-00000138-00000413 okay good so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00001-00000413-00000808 today we are starting the second part of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00002-00000809-00000952 the course
+p4yb3IZijHU-00003-00000953-00001212 okay where we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00004-00001213-00001582 will return from scratcher from a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00005-00001583-00001745 different perspective
+p4yb3IZijHU-00006-00001746-00001991 uh how to build a web application using
+p4yb3IZijHU-00007-00001992-00002333 one of the most popular framework sir
+p4yb3IZijHU-00008-00002334-00002681 that is out there in particular react we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00009-00002682-00002818 already knew that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00010-00002819-00003023 and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00011-00003024-00003251 you may wonder why we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00012-00003252-00003490 spend some time in creating a web
+p4yb3IZijHU-00013-00003492-00003754 applications by hand with the Dom and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00014-00003755-00003959 JavaScript for all the work we did last
+p4yb3IZijHU-00015-00003960-00004438 week okay we basically wanted you to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00016-00004439-00004585 have a good
+p4yb3IZijHU-00017-00004586-00004906 knowledge of the JavaScript language and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00018-00004907-00005249 we also wanted you to feel the pain in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00019-00005250-00005536 developing web applications at the Dom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00020-00005537-00005783 level so where everything we did
+p4yb3IZijHU-00021-00005784-00005915 something very simple in the classroom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00022-00005916-00006149 but in the lab you had to fight in order
+p4yb3IZijHU-00023-00006150-00006365 to put all the functionalities together
+p4yb3IZijHU-00024-00006366-00006589 okay and so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00025-00006590-00007067 uh the the issue is that you have a very
+p4yb3IZijHU-00026-00007068-00007325 low level as a view over the page and
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00029-00007854-00008081 the data when to update some part of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00030-00008081-00008464 page how to create a given HTML fragment
+p4yb3IZijHU-00031-00008465-00008873 and so on okay so it's a it's a very you
+p4yb3IZijHU-00032-00008874-00009173 know heavy type of programming that's
+p4yb3IZijHU-00033-00009174-00009478 the reason why many Frameworks were
+p4yb3IZijHU-00034-00009479-00009892 developed that could help the user work
+p4yb3IZijHU-00035-00009893-00010199 on the front end any particular we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00036-00010200-00010499 we are we are going to learn
+p4yb3IZijHU-00037-00010500-00010649 um reactor
+p4yb3IZijHU-00038-00010650-00010799 which
+p4yb3IZijHU-00039-00010800-00011135 fire is one of the most popular ones in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00040-00011136-00011291 these years
+p4yb3IZijHU-00041-00011292-00011345 [Music]
+p4yb3IZijHU-00042-00011346-00011441 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00043-00011442-00011596 the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00044-00011597-00011956 documentation or information about vs is
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00046-00012164-00012467 react.dev that was a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00047-00012468-00012802 changed and redesigned just for
+p4yb3IZijHU-00048-00012803-00013091 three three weeks ago four weeks ago
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00051-00013740-00014075 dated back to maybe four or five years
+p4yb3IZijHU-00052-00014076-00014308 then in the meantime the framework has
+p4yb3IZijHU-00053-00014309-00014477 evolved and saw some programming
+p4yb3IZijHU-00054-00014478-00014716 patterns also evolved and right now we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00055-00014718-00015065 have the you know the first uh say the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00056-00015066-00015172 first weeks in which the new
+p4yb3IZijHU-00057-00015173-00015401 documentation is available it's much
+p4yb3IZijHU-00058-00015402-00015701 clearer uh but probably sometimes you
+p4yb3IZijHU-00059-00015702-00016001 can also find some reference to the old
+p4yb3IZijHU-00060-00016002-00016213 website that it was called
+p4yb3IZijHU-00061-00016213-00016439 react.js.org okay that doesn't exist
+p4yb3IZijHU-00062-00016440-00016805 anymore it go to react.dev and as we see
+p4yb3IZijHU-00063-00016806-00017129 from the GitHub page address react is a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00064-00017130-00017291 library developed by a group of people
+p4yb3IZijHU-00065-00017292-00017477 it's an open source product but it's
+p4yb3IZijHU-00066-00017478-00017663 developed by a people a group of people
+p4yb3IZijHU-00067-00017664-00017850 at Facebook
+p4yb3IZijHU-00068-00017851-00018077 now okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00069-00018078-00018455 so this is the we are prepared web page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00070-00018456-00018972 where we find all the basic information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00071-00018973-00019307 divided into learn any in a reference or
+p4yb3IZijHU-00072-00019308-00019630 some learner learning password
+p4yb3IZijHU-00073-00019631-00019979 so basic tutorials or something which is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00074-00019980-00020243 more uh say in depth
+p4yb3IZijHU-00075-00020244-00020627 and of course the API reference where
+p4yb3IZijHU-00076-00020628-00020819 all the main functions and the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00077-00020820-00021211 components and so on are are described
+p4yb3IZijHU-00078-00021212-00021683 and we learn the the main part here so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00079-00021684-00021964 why do we need or do we want or we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00080-00021965-00022180 choose basically to use a framework well
+p4yb3IZijHU-00081-00022181-00022553 better get to simplify our lives uh and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00082-00022554-00022799 to you know exploit
+p4yb3IZijHU-00083-00022800-00023057 common solutions to common problems okay
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00085-00023370-00023639 problem of uh registry having tenders
+p4yb3IZijHU-00086-00023640-00023855 and what happens when you don't disabled
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00091-00024965-00025157 functionality is that every web
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00093-00025404-00025583 implemented in the library
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00095-00025841-00026128 freedom of design so we need to follow
+p4yb3IZijHU-00096-00026129-00026374 the rules of the framework
+p4yb3IZijHU-00097-00026375-00026651 we can just declare the variable we want
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00101-00027395-00027599 follow the rules of the framework which
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00103-00027744-00027929 of course we must use the language
+p4yb3IZijHU-00104-00027930-00028235 correctly but on top of that the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00105-00028236-00028637 framework works well if you use
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00107-00028902-00029140 correct way okay so there are some rules
+p4yb3IZijHU-00108-00029141-00029399 to follow and some of these rules may
+p4yb3IZijHU-00109-00029400-00029620 not be intuitive at first
+p4yb3IZijHU-00110-00029622-00029945 so we need to to learn
+p4yb3IZijHU-00111-00029945-00030143 uh to program in a slightly different
+p4yb3IZijHU-00112-00030144-00030496 way uh up to now we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00113-00030497-00030714 always worked
+p4yb3IZijHU-00114-00030716-00031043 explicitly in um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00115-00031044-00031331 nearly sequential way we decide what to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00116-00031332-00031624 do and we do it right away okay we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00117-00031625-00031787 capture an event and then we have an
+p4yb3IZijHU-00118-00031788-00031990 event planner that does something with
+p4yb3IZijHU-00119-00031991-00032255 the Dom in that moment okay it will be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00120-00032256-00032435 scheduled in the future but for from our
+p4yb3IZijHU-00121-00032436-00032717 point of view we are expressing the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00122-00032718-00032909 operations and the modification that we
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+p4yb3IZijHU-00124-00033025-00033299 with reactor we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00125-00033300-00033496 we need to describe you know the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00126-00033497-00033802 replication in a different way and its
+p4yb3IZijHU-00127-00033803-00033940 framework that will apply the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00128-00033941-00034211 modifications we only give the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00129-00034212-00034511 instruction on how to do that so we need
+p4yb3IZijHU-00130-00034512-00034811 to take a step back and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00131-00034812-00035033 the advantage of course is that we are
+p4yb3IZijHU-00132-00035034-00035237 going to work at a higher level so we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00133-00035238-00035411 don't have to care about a lot of local
+p4yb3IZijHU-00134-00035412-00035843 stuff or details
+p4yb3IZijHU-00135-00035844-00035923 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00136-00035924-00036173 in particular
+p4yb3IZijHU-00137-00036174-00036712 one of the main aspects that well every
+p4yb3IZijHU-00138-00036713-00036946 framework implements in a different way
+p4yb3IZijHU-00139-00036947-00037090 and so they are fighting with each other
+p4yb3IZijHU-00140-00037091-00037396 either the management of State okay if
+p4yb3IZijHU-00141-00037397-00037601 you have a static page static
+p4yb3IZijHU-00142-00037602-00037739 application
+p4yb3IZijHU-00143-00037740-00038033 okay HTML is fine the problem comes when
+p4yb3IZijHU-00144-00038034-00038261 this application Control Data and this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00145-00038262-00038524 data must evolve over time
+p4yb3IZijHU-00146-00038525-00038843 so where do we want to store the state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00147-00038844-00039161 in when in which place how
+p4yb3IZijHU-00148-00039162-00039371 if the state changes
+p4yb3IZijHU-00149-00039372-00039646 the state information changes which are
+p4yb3IZijHU-00150-00039647-00039862 the user interface elements should be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00151-00039863-00040024 changed also they should react to this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00152-00040025-00040343 change and so on okay so the the way in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00153-00040344-00040673 which we manage this is very specific in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00154-00040674-00040912 in every framework in particular we'll
+p4yb3IZijHU-00155-00040913-00041290 see the the react way as I mentioned the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00156-00041291-00041495 main resources come from documentation
+p4yb3IZijHU-00157-00041496-00041771 that is really clear and full of full of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00158-00041772-00042089 examples okay so it's a big improvement
+p4yb3IZijHU-00159-00042090-00042311 over the version that we had before
+p4yb3IZijHU-00160-00042312-00042485 and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00161-00042486-00042845 um and sometimes it also gives you some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00162-00042846-00043157 Direction some suggestions so how to use
+p4yb3IZijHU-00163-00043158-00043301 some functionalities not just a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00164-00043302-00043540 description or how it works but it will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00165-00043541-00043757 tell you well try to avoid this pattern
+p4yb3IZijHU-00166-00043758-00043930 because they learn from
+p4yb3IZijHU-00167-00043931-00044171 you know thousands of developers that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00168-00044172-00044374 were using a reactor and some function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00169-00044375-00044585 some functionality were not clear at the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00170-00044586-00044765 beginning and maybe people started using
+p4yb3IZijHU-00171-00044766-00045011 it in the wrong way and right now in the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00172-00045012-00045227 current documentation we also have this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00173-00045228-00045695 kind of explanation and kind of help
+p4yb3IZijHU-00174-00045696-00045774 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00175-00045775-00046090 one very useful tool that we have also
+p4yb3IZijHU-00176-00046091-00046390 when we develop a reactor is to install
+p4yb3IZijHU-00177-00046391-00046739 a small extension for the browser
+p4yb3IZijHU-00178-00046740-00047035 Chrome or Firefox would prefer
+p4yb3IZijHU-00179-00047036-00047399 that is called react developer tools so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00180-00047400-00047807 we'll add some a couple of steps to our
+p4yb3IZijHU-00181-00047808-00048071 developer console
+p4yb3IZijHU-00182-00048072-00048337 that will we will use to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00183-00048338-00048523 inspect
+p4yb3IZijHU-00184-00048524-00048808 our application at the level in which we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00185-00048809-00048940 are programming that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00186-00048941-00049258 of course a web page is HTML is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00187-00049259-00049552 downloads but we are designing it in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00188-00049553-00049780 terms of components and we'll learn
+p4yb3IZijHU-00189-00049781-00050074 today what they mean uh in react
+p4yb3IZijHU-00190-00050075-00050399 components so the developer tools is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00191-00050400-00050608 able to say reverse engineering the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00192-00050609-00050783 content of the page and show me the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00193-00050784-00051046 components that they designed instead of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00194-00051047-00051316 the HTML that was generated so we can
+p4yb3IZijHU-00195-00051317-00051664 debugging away or at least inspector the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00196-00051665-00051923 code at the level in which I've written
+p4yb3IZijHU-00197-00051924-00052313 it so you you have we are suggesting you
+p4yb3IZijHU-00198-00052314-00052553 to to install either of these have done
+p4yb3IZijHU-00199-00052554-00052804 depending on your preferred browser
+p4yb3IZijHU-00200-00052805-00052985 so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00201-00052986-00053249 what are the principles behind the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00202-00053250-00053392 reactor
+p4yb3IZijHU-00203-00053394-00053591 uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-00204-00053591-00053854 rear developer practically never sees
+p4yb3IZijHU-00205-00053855-00054130 the dawn we learned what the domination
+p4yb3IZijHU-00206-00054132-00054425 we learn to create an into query and to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00207-00054426-00054713 change the properties okay right right
+p4yb3IZijHU-00208-00054714-00054865 away with
+p4yb3IZijHU-00209-00054866-00055150 nearly forget about it
+p4yb3IZijHU-00210-00055151-00055438 and because the Dom will be managed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00211-00055439-00055721 directly by the react library and not by
+p4yb3IZijHU-00212-00055722-00055930 ourselves
+p4yb3IZijHU-00213-00055932-00056092 okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00214-00056094-00056194 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00215-00056195-00056597 so I don't need to manipulate directly
+p4yb3IZijHU-00216-00056598-00056753 Dom nodes
+p4yb3IZijHU-00217-00056754-00056849 need
+p4yb3IZijHU-00218-00056850-00057232 to schedule carefully the operations
+p4yb3IZijHU-00219-00057233-00057425 I don't know I saw I'm sure another
+p4yb3IZijHU-00220-00057426-00057623 message you need to decide when why it
+p4yb3IZijHU-00221-00057624-00057982 goes away and if they submit button is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00222-00057983-00058204 pressed before the cancel button should
+p4yb3IZijHU-00223-00058205-00058391 they delete it or not so there's a lot
+p4yb3IZijHU-00224-00058391-00058841 of timing issue in every web page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00225-00058841-00059129 and so we to be careful about the order
+p4yb3IZijHU-00226-00059129-00059369 in which we are doing some motivation in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00227-00059370-00059494 reactor
+p4yb3IZijHU-00228-00059495-00059753 we should deliver every
+p4yb3IZijHU-00229-00059754-00060011 timing issue and every update operation
+p4yb3IZijHU-00230-00060012-00060221 in the hands of the framework the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00231-00060222-00060538 framework will update when it's needed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00232-00060539-00060700 will update the content where is needed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00233-00060701-00060911 we don't need to schedule why not do
+p4yb3IZijHU-00234-00060912-00061097 this before that I just need to declare
+p4yb3IZijHU-00235-00061098-00061241 what I need
+p4yb3IZijHU-00236-00061241-00061385 so basically
+p4yb3IZijHU-00237-00061386-00061744 we create a we see the page a page as a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00238-00061745-00061966 set of components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00239-00061967-00062309 a component is a part of the page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00240-00062310-00062519 that knows only
+p4yb3IZijHU-00241-00062520-00062866 how to do one thing to render itself to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00242-00062867-00063071 display itself
+p4yb3IZijHU-00243-00063072-00063292 so I say okay this page is made of four
+p4yb3IZijHU-00244-00063294-00063604 components every component is a rule as
+p4yb3IZijHU-00245-00063605-00063742 the code for
+p4yb3IZijHU-00246-00063744-00064079 displaying itself into HTML
+p4yb3IZijHU-00247-00064079-00064463 and then when this component is called
+p4yb3IZijHU-00248-00064464-00064756 is rendered by using the terminology
+p4yb3IZijHU-00249-00064757-00065038 reactor is something that is decided by
+p4yb3IZijHU-00250-00065039-00065165 the framework
+p4yb3IZijHU-00251-00065166-00065587 okay a component basically is a function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00252-00065588-00065885 it's a function that is called by
+p4yb3IZijHU-00253-00065886-00065993 reactor
+p4yb3IZijHU-00254-00065994-00066209 when it wants
+p4yb3IZijHU-00255-00066210-00066443 we have no control over when our
+p4yb3IZijHU-00256-00066444-00066706 functions are called we declare a bunch
+p4yb3IZijHU-00257-00066707-00066893 of functions we declare how they relate
+p4yb3IZijHU-00258-00066894-00067061 to each other of course
+p4yb3IZijHU-00259-00067062-00067379 but then the calling of this function is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00260-00067380-00067594 not ours
+p4yb3IZijHU-00261-00067595-00067776 okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00262-00067777-00068147 and it would be the library that knows
+p4yb3IZijHU-00263-00068148-00068429 when some conditions some data may be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00264-00068430-00068638 exchanged and so it needs to update a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00265-00068639-00068825 part of the page it will call the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00266-00068826-00068944 function that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00267-00068945-00069232 recreates that part of the page I will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00268-00069233-00069515 then update the page itself
+p4yb3IZijHU-00269-00069516-00069821 the other thing we should provide is how
+p4yb3IZijHU-00270-00069822-00070073 to update not no not even out of there
+p4yb3IZijHU-00271-00070074-00070319 how to create a part of the page to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00272-00070320-00070523 create it the first time or to create it
+p4yb3IZijHU-00273-00070524-00070859 after an update it should be the same
+p4yb3IZijHU-00274-00070860-00071435 for me for a component is duty is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00275-00071436-00071711 create a part of a page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00276-00071712-00071993 Maybe by using other components but by
+p4yb3IZijHU-00277-00071994-00072203 delegating to other components some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00278-00072204-00072497 smaller parts of the same of the same
+p4yb3IZijHU-00279-00072498-00072682 component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00280-00072683-00072822 okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00281-00072823-00072863 [Music]
+p4yb3IZijHU-00282-00072864-00073006 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00283-00073007-00073229 it will be done basically by defining a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00284-00073230-00073444 set of functions that are calling each
+p4yb3IZijHU-00285-00073445-00073853 other
+p4yb3IZijHU-00286-00073854-00074243 we are creating a sort of Shadow or
+p4yb3IZijHU-00287-00074244-00074459 virtual Dawn so we are not creating a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00288-00074460-00074711 real web page our functions are creating
+p4yb3IZijHU-00289-00074712-00075125 some sort of a uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-00290-00075126-00075535 invisible web page they will be applied
+p4yb3IZijHU-00291-00075536-00075917 to the real Dom by the problems by the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00292-00075918-00076138 react Library itself we'll see this in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00293-00076139-00076247 more detail
+p4yb3IZijHU-00294-00076248-00076391 and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00295-00076392-00076597 but this is something that we are only
+p4yb3IZijHU-00296-00076598-00076991 will tackle next week there are on top
+p4yb3IZijHU-00297-00076992-00077212 of this component functional design
+p4yb3IZijHU-00298-00077213-00077482 approach there are there will be some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00299-00077483-00077694 specific State Management
+p4yb3IZijHU-00300-00077695-00077950 functionalities okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00301-00077951-00078203 so what what does it mean that we have a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00302-00078204-00078293 functional
+p4yb3IZijHU-00303-00078294-00078406 approach
+p4yb3IZijHU-00304-00078407-00078521 okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00305-00078522-00078706 we are trying
+p4yb3IZijHU-00306-00078707-00079000 we need we know something about the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00307-00079001-00079331 functional operator map filter and so on
+p4yb3IZijHU-00308-00079332-00079643 that tend to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00309-00079644-00079979 get some input and return
+p4yb3IZijHU-00310-00079980-00080261 an output
+p4yb3IZijHU-00311-00080262-00080519 we with no side effects
+p4yb3IZijHU-00312-00080520-00080706 okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00313-00080707-00081035 in reaction we are defining the user
+p4yb3IZijHU-00314-00081036-00081143 interface
+p4yb3IZijHU-00315-00081144-00081394 as a set of functions
+p4yb3IZijHU-00316-00081395-00081694 that we call components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00317-00081695-00081965 and the function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00318-00081966-00082223 generates
+p4yb3IZijHU-00319-00082224-00082462 a component a reacting component it's a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00320-00082463-00082673 function that generates a fragment of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00321-00082674-00082882 the user interface
+p4yb3IZijHU-00322-00082883-00083200 a div and its contents a table and its
+p4yb3IZijHU-00323-00083201-00083597 contents the navigation bar that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00324-00083598-00083867 side menu whatever
+p4yb3IZijHU-00325-00083868-00084100 any part of the page can be called a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00326-00084101-00084287 component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00327-00084288-00084538 as long as we Define one function that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00328-00084539-00084887 will create that part of the page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00329-00084888-00085126 create the HTML code
+p4yb3IZijHU-00330-00085127-00085241 probably
+p4yb3IZijHU-00331-00085242-00085541 or something more sophisticated
+p4yb3IZijHU-00332-00085542-00086026 these function can be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00333-00086027-00086243 static functions that begins to say that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00334-00086244-00086453 they always they may all they could
+p4yb3IZijHU-00335-00086454-00086699 always return the same value I know the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00336-00086700-00086915 site footer is always the same so the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00337-00086916-00087082 function will always return the selling
+p4yb3IZijHU-00338-00087083-00087244 part of the same fragment
+p4yb3IZijHU-00339-00087245-00087761 okay or they normally have parameters
+p4yb3IZijHU-00340-00087762-00088025 in the navigation bar maybe I had
+p4yb3IZijHU-00341-00088026-00088253 information about the logged in user
+p4yb3IZijHU-00342-00088254-00088487 so I need to show the Avatar and you
+p4yb3IZijHU-00343-00088488-00088859 show the name the login state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00344-00088860-00089075 and so it will that part of the page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00345-00089076-00089285 that we generated by a component by
+p4yb3IZijHU-00346-00089286-00089417 function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00347-00089418-00089729 depends on some other information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00348-00089730-00089950 that is pro that is provided to this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00349-00089951-00090053 function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00350-00090054-00090397 ice arguments
+p4yb3IZijHU-00351-00090398-00090631 to this functions that are called the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00352-00090632-00091138 properties in react or props
+p4yb3IZijHU-00353-00091139-00091487 okay so if this function always have one
+p4yb3IZijHU-00354-00091488-00091744 object as an argument which is normally
+p4yb3IZijHU-00355-00091745-00091912 we call the props object the properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00356-00091913-00092009 object
+p4yb3IZijHU-00357-00092010-00092231 and this obviously may have many if a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00358-00092232-00092405 JavaScript objects then they have many
+p4yb3IZijHU-00359-00092406-00092573 sub properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00360-00092574-00092944 props dot title Prof dot user prop.log
+p4yb3IZijHU-00361-00092945-00093112 ding or whatever
+p4yb3IZijHU-00362-00093113-00093544 laptop the information that the function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00363-00093545-00093850 can use to customize the fragment of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00364-00093851-00094144 this interface
+p4yb3IZijHU-00365-00094145-00094487 the first rule is that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00366-00094488-00094781 if I call the same function the same
+p4yb3IZijHU-00367-00094782-00094888 component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00368-00094889-00095050 second time
+p4yb3IZijHU-00369-00095051-00095297 with the same value of the props
+p4yb3IZijHU-00370-00095298-00095717 the function must return the same
+p4yb3IZijHU-00371-00095718-00096053 HTML fragment
+p4yb3IZijHU-00372-00096054-00096443 I can't I no the function should never
+p4yb3IZijHU-00373-00096444-00096815 mutate any of the data that it receives
+p4yb3IZijHU-00374-00096816-00097097 and it should be ident means that I'm
+p4yb3IZijHU-00375-00097098-00097265 calling it many times with the same
+p4yb3IZijHU-00376-00097266-00097612 parameters I always get the same result
+p4yb3IZijHU-00377-00097613-00097781 so this means of the function itself
+p4yb3IZijHU-00378-00097782-00098032 inside doesn't create any side effect
+p4yb3IZijHU-00379-00098033-00098279 and doesn't access any external
+p4yb3IZijHU-00380-00098280-00098615 information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00381-00098616-00098855 so this is the first basic rule so in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00382-00098856-00099131 this case we have this free to call the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00383-00099132-00099317 function one two
+p4yb3IZijHU-00384-00099318-00099515 twenty times
+p4yb3IZijHU-00385-00099516-00099731 as many times as it needed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00386-00099732-00099982 according to its own Logics so maybe one
+p4yb3IZijHU-00387-00099983-00100138 part of the page is not displayed in the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00388-00100139-00100306 browser there's no need of calling this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00389-00100307-00100450 function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00390-00100451-00100726 whether I call it or not counted cannot
+p4yb3IZijHU-00391-00100727-00100912 affect anything else because the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00392-00100913-00101141 function doesn't have any side effect
+p4yb3IZijHU-00393-00101142-00101356 and if I call it at the beginning or
+p4yb3IZijHU-00394-00101357-00101543 after a while or I can only three times
+p4yb3IZijHU-00395-00101544-00101776 because the user maybe is resizing the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00396-00101777-00101897 page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00397-00101898-00102106 never mind
+p4yb3IZijHU-00398-00102107-00102305 the because the result of the function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00399-00102306-00102647 will always be the same
+p4yb3IZijHU-00400-00102648-00102977 these four simple functions
+p4yb3IZijHU-00401-00102978-00103223 that are pure function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00402-00103224-00103451 a function whose output only depends on
+p4yb3IZijHU-00403-00103452-00103630 its inputs
+p4yb3IZijHU-00404-00103631-00104021 and these inputs are only just one
+p4yb3IZijHU-00405-00104022-00104339 object called the properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00406-00104340-00104656 then there's an extension of this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00407-00104657-00105047 concept where some components not all of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00408-00105048-00105263 them we don't need it for all of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00409-00105264-00105484 components but some of the components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00410-00105485-00105845 may have some internal state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00411-00105846-00106066 to manage
+p4yb3IZijHU-00412-00106067-00106343 so for example we say the the user is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00413-00106344-00106499 logged in or not okay this is an
+p4yb3IZijHU-00414-00106500-00106666 information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00415-00106667-00106816 that should be remembered by the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00416-00106817-00106936 application
+p4yb3IZijHU-00417-00106938-00107273 it should be stored somewhere
+p4yb3IZijHU-00418-00107274-00107465 storing this information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00419-00107466-00107704 that may affect all the components in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00420-00107705-00107904 the page probably
+p4yb3IZijHU-00421-00107905-00108160 should be done in one component that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00422-00108161-00108365 owns this information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00423-00108366-00108557 that the members it from the other for
+p4yb3IZijHU-00424-00108558-00108719 the others and then we'll propagate it
+p4yb3IZijHU-00425-00108720-00108983 to the other so some components will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00426-00108983-00109528 have also some State information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00427-00109529-00109931 this lightly generalizes the rule but
+p4yb3IZijHU-00428-00109932-00110123 let's say that the output of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00429-00110124-00110315 function only depends on these
+p4yb3IZijHU-00430-00110316-00110921 parameters okay and its internal state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00431-00110922-00111173 is still a pure function because if I
+p4yb3IZijHU-00432-00111174-00111383 call it many times without changing the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00433-00111383-00111707 parameters and changing the paper
+p4yb3IZijHU-00434-00111708-00112097 that is what will be the same
+p4yb3IZijHU-00435-00112098-00112457 so inside the execution of a function we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00436-00112458-00112763 should consider always State and the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00437-00112764-00113428 properties as immutable constants
+p4yb3IZijHU-00438-00113429-00113686 of course properties are input
+p4yb3IZijHU-00439-00113688-00113933 parameters it seems to consider them to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00440-00113933-00114215 be immutable to be constant
+p4yb3IZijHU-00441-00114216-00114401 the state is something that we want to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00442-00114402-00114658 evolve of course because we wouldn't be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00443-00114659-00114928 a state if it didn't change
+p4yb3IZijHU-00444-00114929-00115139 but during the execution of a component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00445-00115140-00115240 chord
+p4yb3IZijHU-00446-00115241-00115540 it should be treated as a constant and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00447-00115541-00115702 then there are special costs special
+p4yb3IZijHU-00448-00115703-00116069 methods for scheduling a change of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00449-00116070-00116347 state so we are never changing the state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00450-00116348-00116675 we are scheduling a future update of all
+p4yb3IZijHU-00451-00116676-00117010 that that will be outside the execution
+p4yb3IZijHU-00452-00117011-00117310 of the component so to be actualize very
+p4yb3IZijHU-00453-00117311-00117407 hardly
+p4yb3IZijHU-00454-00117408-00117658 to maintain a pure functional view in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00455-00117659-00117899 the execution of the components and the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00456-00117900-00118115 sequential view on the update of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00457-00118116-00118252 state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00458-00118253-00118607 the totally separated we should buy in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00459-00118608-00118852 this kind of separation
+p4yb3IZijHU-00460-00118853-00119165 and the fact that we are all these
+p4yb3IZijHU-00461-00119166-00119357 requirements the functions
+p4yb3IZijHU-00462-00119358-00119675 uh uh should be pure
+p4yb3IZijHU-00463-00119676-00119933 the parameters should be mutable and the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00464-00119933-00120190 results should be mutable and so on
+p4yb3IZijHU-00465-00120191-00120497 and the state can be modified by not
+p4yb3IZijHU-00466-00120498-00120658 directly
+p4yb3IZijHU-00467-00120659-00120928 can only be changed to special culture
+p4yb3IZijHU-00468-00120929-00121210 that do it in a perfected way
+p4yb3IZijHU-00469-00121211-00121451 you cannot just change your variable
+p4yb3IZijHU-00470-00121452-00121643 you tell reacted they are going to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00471-00121644-00121858 change it variable and so react can
+p4yb3IZijHU-00472-00121859-00122134 update or call again all the components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00473-00122135-00122381 that depend on the state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00474-00122382-00122590 all the dependence value dependencies
+p4yb3IZijHU-00475-00122591-00122825 are handled by react
+p4yb3IZijHU-00476-00122826-00123178 so we need to inform the library when we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00477-00123179-00123407 want to change something
+p4yb3IZijHU-00478-00123408-00123604 so we are
+p4yb3IZijHU-00479-00123605-00123965 working in this more rigid way
+p4yb3IZijHU-00480-00123966-00124252 because the the framework is doing uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-00481-00124253-00124528 all the work for us and so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00482-00124529-00124775 the framework knows when a function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00483-00124776-00124966 needs to be called
+p4yb3IZijHU-00484-00124967-00125183 because it needs to be called
+p4yb3IZijHU-00485-00125183-00125369 when the props change
+p4yb3IZijHU-00486-00125370-00125621 when the state changes
+p4yb3IZijHU-00487-00125622-00125825 or maybe other reason
+p4yb3IZijHU-00488-00125826-00125986 you know a user scrolling window
+p4yb3IZijHU-00489-00125988-00126328 resizing or whatever okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00490-00126329-00126527 and differential can be called many
+p4yb3IZijHU-00491-00126528-00126610 times
+p4yb3IZijHU-00492-00126611-00126821 what is surprising at the beginning is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00493-00126822-00127049 that uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-00494-00127050-00127378 a component will recreate its own
+p4yb3IZijHU-00495-00127379-00127534 fragment of the page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00496-00127535-00128008 from zero every time
+p4yb3IZijHU-00497-00128009-00128219 even if you are not only changing the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00498-00128220-00128404 color line or maybe
+p4yb3IZijHU-00499-00128405-00128651 a very simple thing or even if I don't
+p4yb3IZijHU-00500-00128652-00128899 change anything
+p4yb3IZijHU-00501-00128900-00129166 the properties change but the kind of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00502-00129167-00129340 change that we have there doesn't affect
+p4yb3IZijHU-00503-00129341-00129545 the rendering the display of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00504-00129546-00129689 component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00505-00129690-00129910 but nevertheless in this functional
+p4yb3IZijHU-00506-00129911-00130234 approach the function is executed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00507-00130235-00130469 from the beginning and will give me the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00508-00130470-00130864 full result
+p4yb3IZijHU-00509-00130865-00131002 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00510-00131003-00131201 this could be a problem in performance
+p4yb3IZijHU-00511-00131202-00131483 same okay but I every time I clicks
+p4yb3IZijHU-00512-00131484-00131704 somewhere I'm rebuilding the whole page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00513-00131705-00131987 this should be slow
+p4yb3IZijHU-00514-00131988-00132328 actually didn't
+p4yb3IZijHU-00515-00132329-00132551 for two reasons one a reactor is quite
+p4yb3IZijHU-00516-00132552-00132778 clever in which components you
+p4yb3IZijHU-00517-00132779-00132947 understand which components need to be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00518-00132948-00133264 refreshed re-rendered
+p4yb3IZijHU-00519-00133265-00133804 but second the cusp of data web page is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00520-00133805-00133997 actually the cost of updating the Dom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00521-00133998-00134140 nodes
+p4yb3IZijHU-00522-00134141-00134483 because every time you touch a DOT node
+p4yb3IZijHU-00523-00134484-00134789 it will the browser itself will have to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00524-00134790-00134993 rearrange all the rendering
+p4yb3IZijHU-00525-00134994-00135340 do a lot of work at the layout level
+p4yb3IZijHU-00526-00135341-00135683 so what react does is that it will store
+p4yb3IZijHU-00527-00135684-00135827 our
+p4yb3IZijHU-00528-00135828-00136007 [Music]
+p4yb3IZijHU-00529-00136008-00136252 result our component the results of our
+p4yb3IZijHU-00530-00136253-00136493 functions the user interface fragments
+p4yb3IZijHU-00531-00136494-00136709 not into the real Dom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00532-00136710-00136966 but into a virtual drone
+p4yb3IZijHU-00533-00136967-00137254 this is just a JavaScript data structure
+p4yb3IZijHU-00534-00137255-00137471 very light
+p4yb3IZijHU-00535-00137472-00137663 so everything we are returning we are
+p4yb3IZijHU-00536-00137664-00137813 executive component will create a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00537-00137814-00138052 fragment of the virtual bone
+p4yb3IZijHU-00538-00138053-00138323 not the real one
+p4yb3IZijHU-00539-00138324-00138713 that's quite easy
+p4yb3IZijHU-00540-00138714-00139019 it doesn't slow it's not it's not low at
+p4yb3IZijHU-00541-00139020-00139433 all and then it has an optimized
+p4yb3IZijHU-00542-00139434-00139552 algorithm
+p4yb3IZijHU-00543-00139553-00139835 to measure the differences between the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00544-00139836-00140111 Dom currently display of screen and the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00545-00140112-00140278 virtual Dom that has just been computed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00546-00140279-00140525 by the components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00547-00140526-00140777 and it checks the differences it only
+p4yb3IZijHU-00548-00140778-00141004 applies surgically
+p4yb3IZijHU-00549-00141005-00141304 those points that are actually changed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00550-00141305-00141611 to those nodes that are actually being
+p4yb3IZijHU-00551-00141612-00141995 created destroyed or modified
+p4yb3IZijHU-00552-00141996-00142240 so we are recreating the whole page in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00553-00142241-00142373 the virtual Dom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00554-00142374-00142625 react will make a difference of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00555-00142626-00142751 current virtual Dom with the current
+p4yb3IZijHU-00556-00142752-00142883 real Dom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00557-00142884-00143140 and will selectively update only those
+p4yb3IZijHU-00558-00143141-00143489 few nodes that need to be changed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00559-00143490-00143789 this is transparent to us
+p4yb3IZijHU-00560-00143790-00144013 and the page is updated so the actual
+p4yb3IZijHU-00561-00144014-00144335 performance depends on how many nodes we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00562-00144336-00144593 really change
+p4yb3IZijHU-00563-00144594-00144863 if we recreate a page that is 99 equal
+p4yb3IZijHU-00564-00144864-00145102 to the previous one then only 10 percent
+p4yb3IZijHU-00565-00145103-00145331 of the or one percent of the nodes will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00566-00145332-00145523 really be updated
+p4yb3IZijHU-00567-00145524-00145769 so we shouldn't be worried about
+p4yb3IZijHU-00568-00145770-00146033 recreating from scratcher all the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00569-00146034-00146314 components it's a bit of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00570-00146315-00146531 the functional mentality the functional
+p4yb3IZijHU-00571-00146532-00146711 programming mentality every function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00572-00146712-00146951 should return a new value a new copy of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00573-00146952-00147052 value
+p4yb3IZijHU-00574-00147053-00147209 you should never modify your value
+p4yb3IZijHU-00575-00147210-00147587 everything is immutable in react
+p4yb3IZijHU-00576-00147588-00147977 don't be scared don't try to save some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00577-00147978-00148252 microseconds because okay but I'm
+p4yb3IZijHU-00578-00148253-00148427 creating a copy of an array should they
+p4yb3IZijHU-00579-00148428-00148799 try to modify reuse it no okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00580-00148800-00149021 no because then it would become
+p4yb3IZijHU-00581-00149022-00149290 difficult to Handle by the by a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00582-00149291-00149525 framework in a synchronous way
+p4yb3IZijHU-00583-00149526-00149752 if you are modifying the values under
+p4yb3IZijHU-00584-00149753-00149854 the hole
+p4yb3IZijHU-00585-00149855-00150059 always make copies and the Frameworks
+p4yb3IZijHU-00586-00150060-00150359 will manage them
+p4yb3IZijHU-00587-00150360-00150571 and also some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00588-00150572-00150833 events are simplified according to the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00589-00150834-00151109 Dom so the virtual Atomic is easier to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00590-00151110-00151283 see easier to problem
+p4yb3IZijHU-00591-00151284-00151554 than the real Dom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00592-00151555-00151828 but these are just the case the main Pro
+p4yb3IZijHU-00593-00151829-00152051 the main issue is that we have these
+p4yb3IZijHU-00594-00152052-00152321 three steps first we call the components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00595-00152322-00152573 to render themselves all these
+p4yb3IZijHU-00596-00152574-00152759 renderings are going to a virtual
+p4yb3IZijHU-00597-00152760-00153028 version of the page the Dom and then
+p4yb3IZijHU-00598-00153029-00153407 this the final update step
+p4yb3IZijHU-00599-00153408-00153790 that really updates the page and if you
+p4yb3IZijHU-00600-00153791-00154073 are curious there are some also
+p4yb3IZijHU-00601-00154074-00154301 documentation about the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00602-00154302-00154543 the actual algorithm that is being used
+p4yb3IZijHU-00603-00154544-00154835 and we've seen in a couple of places we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00604-00154836-00155116 need to help the algorithm because in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00605-00155117-00155351 general you know the three comparisons
+p4yb3IZijHU-00606-00155352-00155621 is an algorithmically hard problem in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00607-00155622-00155728 general
+p4yb3IZijHU-00608-00155729-00155863 okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00609-00155864-00156125 but here we are in a very special case
+p4yb3IZijHU-00610-00156126-00156281 we are
+p4yb3IZijHU-00611-00156282-00156521 using 10 main types of nodes so many of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00612-00156522-00156857 them will conserve the same IDs and the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00613-00156858-00157073 only problem are when we have some lists
+p4yb3IZijHU-00614-00157074-00157414 of nodes of of sequences of identical
+p4yb3IZijHU-00615-00157415-00157649 objects to where we should give a little
+p4yb3IZijHU-00616-00157650-00157811 help to the algorithm and do the right
+p4yb3IZijHU-00617-00157812-00158123 thing efficiently but apart from that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00618-00158124-00158393 the this difference
+p4yb3IZijHU-00619-00158394-00158681 is quite efficient
+p4yb3IZijHU-00620-00158682-00158831 okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00621-00158832-00159089 so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00622-00159090-00159443 how do we integrate
+p4yb3IZijHU-00623-00159444-00159883 this framework into our code
+p4yb3IZijHU-00624-00159884-00160193 this is what will be present in the main
+p4yb3IZijHU-00625-00160194-00160493 page of our applications usually we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00626-00160494-00160690 don't write it because it's already in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00627-00160691-00160793 the same place
+p4yb3IZijHU-00628-00160794-00161057 but just understand that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00629-00161058-00161393 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00630-00161394-00161795 imagine you have a one Dom element
+p4yb3IZijHU-00631-00161796-00162107 for example an empty div
+p4yb3IZijHU-00632-00162108-00162407 okay so these are normal get element by
+p4yb3IZijHU-00633-00162408-00162923 D that gets me an element in my page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00634-00162924-00163216 so first of all react will have touch
+p4yb3IZijHU-00635-00163217-00163775 will manage the content of a single node
+p4yb3IZijHU-00636-00163776-00164039 could be body could be a div inside the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00637-00164040-00164225 body it could be just one part of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00638-00164226-00164471 page whatever you want so the react
+p4yb3IZijHU-00639-00164472-00164849 Library will manage one part of our web
+p4yb3IZijHU-00640-00164850-00164939 page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00641-00164940-00165299 starting from a given root node
+p4yb3IZijHU-00642-00165300-00165509 this would not should be initially empty
+p4yb3IZijHU-00643-00165510-00165652 usually
+p4yb3IZijHU-00644-00165653-00166163 and what you do is to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00645-00166164-00166445 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00646-00166446-00166595 render
+p4yb3IZijHU-00647-00166596-00166757 the application
+p4yb3IZijHU-00648-00166758-00167099 inside the root element
+p4yb3IZijHU-00649-00167100-00167393 this root element is a react node
+p4yb3IZijHU-00650-00167394-00167728 created starting from the container node
+p4yb3IZijHU-00651-00167729-00167921 so this container is a Dom node this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00652-00167922-00168437 root is a react element
+p4yb3IZijHU-00653-00168438-00168676 and this is a description
+p4yb3IZijHU-00654-00168677-00168995 of our fragment of HTML or actually it's
+p4yb3IZijHU-00655-00168996-00169366 a format of react
+p4yb3IZijHU-00656-00169367-00169685 so what we are doing is a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00657-00169686-00169931 we are we have an empty page basically
+p4yb3IZijHU-00658-00169932-00170164 with an empty element
+p4yb3IZijHU-00659-00170165-00170393 and we are attaching to that entry
+p4yb3IZijHU-00660-00170394-00170687 element one react component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00661-00170688-00171023 and we are telling with this render code
+p4yb3IZijHU-00662-00171024-00171221 and what we are saying is that please
+p4yb3IZijHU-00663-00171222-00171466 render these components are called the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00664-00171467-00171611 function correspond to that component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00665-00171612-00171916 and see what virtual dummy will create
+p4yb3IZijHU-00666-00171917-00172259 and the render Mount display the result
+p4yb3IZijHU-00667-00172260-00172504 of this component inside this root
+p4yb3IZijHU-00668-00172505-00172661 element
+p4yb3IZijHU-00669-00172662-00172835 and of course this component will not
+p4yb3IZijHU-00670-00172836-00173051 just be a hello order it would be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00671-00173052-00173219 probably a component that contains other
+p4yb3IZijHU-00672-00173220-00173381 components and so on and we'll create a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00673-00173382-00173829 whole page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00674-00173830-00174335 [Music]
+p4yb3IZijHU-00675-00174336-00174601 in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00676-00174602-00174887 reactor we see a little strange syntax
+p4yb3IZijHU-00677-00174888-00175181 here okay what do you see here is a bit
+p4yb3IZijHU-00678-00175182-00175363 strange
+p4yb3IZijHU-00679-00175364-00175661 under some quotes missing
+p4yb3IZijHU-00680-00175662-00175931 sure how can you write HTML inside
+p4yb3IZijHU-00681-00175932-00176147 JavaScript
+p4yb3IZijHU-00682-00176148-00176501 actually is not HTML
+p4yb3IZijHU-00683-00176502-00176740 it's an extent of JavaScript called the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00684-00176741-00177095 jsx right
+p4yb3IZijHU-00685-00177096-00177485 that looks like HTML
+p4yb3IZijHU-00686-00177486-00178151 but is translated into valid JavaScript
+p4yb3IZijHU-00687-00178152-00178451 so this is the kind of translation of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00688-00178452-00178721 what we are writing here into the real
+p4yb3IZijHU-00689-00178722-00178985 JavaScript code
+p4yb3IZijHU-00690-00178986-00179254 so for example we write prdiv and it
+p4yb3IZijHU-00691-00179255-00179543 will be translated into a color that div
+p4yb3IZijHU-00692-00179544-00179933 function inside the react Library
+p4yb3IZijHU-00693-00179934-00180251 and the div is a property ID equal to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00694-00180252-00180533 test and so there are some object with
+p4yb3IZijHU-00695-00180534-00180688 all the properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00696-00180689-00180959 and these are two children
+p4yb3IZijHU-00697-00180960-00181307 and so we have the list of children
+p4yb3IZijHU-00698-00181308-00181535 the first child is in each one
+p4yb3IZijHU-00699-00181536-00181793 that is translated into
+p4yb3IZijHU-00700-00181794-00182075 function that will create
+p4yb3IZijHU-00701-00182076-00182309 the component is a component represented
+p4yb3IZijHU-00702-00182310-00182411 the H1
+p4yb3IZijHU-00703-00182412-00182582 with its uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-00704-00182583-00182861 [Music]
+p4yb3IZijHU-00705-00182862-00183185 children sorry with these properties we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00706-00183186-00183359 don't have any properties and it's
+p4yb3IZijHU-00707-00183360-00183845 children in this case just a text
+p4yb3IZijHU-00708-00183846-00184204 so creating a three of components of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00709-00184205-00184409 nested component is actually something
+p4yb3IZijHU-00710-00184410-00184601 like this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00711-00184602-00184997 creating a set of functions that will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00712-00184998-00185207 create a component with the given
+p4yb3IZijHU-00713-00185208-00185428 properties with given children and so on
+p4yb3IZijHU-00714-00185429-00185711 but this would be very readable very
+p4yb3IZijHU-00715-00185712-00185878 difficult to follow
+p4yb3IZijHU-00716-00185879-00186101 so they invented this simplified syntax
+p4yb3IZijHU-00717-00186102-00186383 that looks like HTML
+p4yb3IZijHU-00718-00186384-00186628 it's very convenient
+p4yb3IZijHU-00719-00186629-00186869 I want to create some node that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00720-00186870-00187078 correspond to this program to this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00721-00187079-00187307 achievement fragment
+p4yb3IZijHU-00722-00187308-00187697 just so we can mix in a way
+p4yb3IZijHU-00723-00187698-00188057 HTML syntax oh well really jsx syntax
+p4yb3IZijHU-00724-00188058-00188285 with JavaScript code
+p4yb3IZijHU-00725-00188286-00188513 the environment you cannot do that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00726-00188514-00188807 normally in any JavaScript file of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00727-00188808-00188902 course
+p4yb3IZijHU-00728-00188903-00189114 compiler should be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00729-00189115-00189364 instructed to this translation
+p4yb3IZijHU-00730-00189365-00189701 in an invisible way for us
+p4yb3IZijHU-00731-00189702-00190078 but we can mix and match as we want Joe
+p4yb3IZijHU-00732-00190079-00190313 we just remember that all of this that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00733-00190314-00190552 we write here is an expression it's a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00734-00190553-00190757 JavaScript expression that creates some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00735-00190758-00190973 objects
+p4yb3IZijHU-00736-00190974-00191128 so it may
+p4yb3IZijHU-00737-00191129-00191416 happen whenever we have an expression in
+p4yb3IZijHU-00738-00191417-00191663 every part of the code so we can store
+p4yb3IZijHU-00739-00191664-00191878 it into a variable we're going we can
+p4yb3IZijHU-00740-00191879-00192088 pass it up as a parameter we can return
+p4yb3IZijHU-00741-00192089-00192388 it from function and so on
+p4yb3IZijHU-00742-00192389-00192563 it's an expression that if there's an
+p4yb3IZijHU-00743-00192564-00192766 object corresponding to some reactor
+p4yb3IZijHU-00744-00192767-00193049 elements
+p4yb3IZijHU-00745-00193050-00193351 so we get used to that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00746-00193352-00193702 as without any expression let's just
+p4yb3IZijHU-00747-00193703-00193876 think that these are the fact that is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00748-00193877-00194093 opening a parenthesis in an expression
+p4yb3IZijHU-00749-00194094-00194333 and the closing tag will close that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00750-00194334-00194669 parenthesis of the same expression so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00751-00194670-00194933 all the text should be balanced it's not
+p4yb3IZijHU-00752-00194934-00195119 just a string
+p4yb3IZijHU-00753-00195120-00195421 the text should be properly nested
+p4yb3IZijHU-00754-00195422-00195863 but let me see the details of all of um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00755-00195864-00196475 of um jsx more details later
+p4yb3IZijHU-00756-00196476-00196804 so we want to reason
+p4yb3IZijHU-00757-00196805-00197183 a page as a set of component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00758-00197184-00197519 just try to think I would design a page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00759-00197520-00197875 imagine a page like this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00760-00197876-00198137 you can divide it into different
+p4yb3IZijHU-00761-00198138-00198490 sections and create one section one
+p4yb3IZijHU-00762-00198491-00198719 component sorry for rendering each of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00763-00198720-00198995 these sections
+p4yb3IZijHU-00764-00198996-00199438 and of course we have maybe the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00765-00199439-00199823 right sidebar which is a component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00766-00199824-00200093 with some properties with some layout
+p4yb3IZijHU-00767-00200094-00200321 with some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00768-00200322-00200837 CSS spies for its width and height and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00769-00200838-00201299 contains two other components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00770-00201300-00201454 so we can create a function for
+p4yb3IZijHU-00771-00201455-00201671 describing this component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00772-00201672-00201863 a function for describing this component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00773-00201864-00201995 the function for describing the other
+p4yb3IZijHU-00774-00201996-00202349 one
+p4yb3IZijHU-00775-00202350-00202528 there are three different components of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00776-00202529-00202816 course the sidebar component will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00777-00202817-00203045 include
+p4yb3IZijHU-00778-00203046-00203249 the other component a call to the other
+p4yb3IZijHU-00779-00203250-00203495 components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00780-00203496-00203621 okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-00781-00203622-00203933 and so for the left part of the page we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00782-00203934-00204161 are going to read the main content
+p4yb3IZijHU-00783-00204162-00204713 any several components of type blog post
+p4yb3IZijHU-00784-00204714-00204940 then this blog post maybe they are just
+p4yb3IZijHU-00785-00204941-00205108 extra or maybe they have an image
+p4yb3IZijHU-00786-00205109-00205342 preview it can be the same component of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00787-00205344-00205571 based in different ways according to the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00788-00205571-00205877 data that is provided
+p4yb3IZijHU-00789-00205878-00206255 so we have a sort of a Blog container
+p4yb3IZijHU-00790-00206256-00206471 the contains a list of blog post
+p4yb3IZijHU-00791-00206471-00206836 components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00792-00206837-00207166 so we should see our page as a nesting
+p4yb3IZijHU-00793-00207167-00207412 of components of blocks
+p4yb3IZijHU-00794-00207413-00207742 a proper nesting
+p4yb3IZijHU-00795-00207744-00208036 and then we can build each of these
+p4yb3IZijHU-00796-00208037-00208169 components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00797-00208169-00208540 and mount the topmost component the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00798-00208541-00208966 external one into the real web page
+p4yb3IZijHU-00799-00208967-00209386 okay the create route according to the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00800-00209387-00209614 first component and all the noise will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00801-00209615-00209765 follow
+p4yb3IZijHU-00802-00209766-00210101 okay normally we have a one component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00803-00210102-00210353 the topmost component is called up is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00804-00210354-00210665 our application
+p4yb3IZijHU-00805-00210666-00210946 so in the template of the project we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00806-00210948-00211175 already have one app component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00807-00211176-00211492 and we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00808-00211494-00211889 just implement
+p4yb3IZijHU-00809-00211890-00212087 the body of this app component by
+p4yb3IZijHU-00810-00212088-00212267 calling by including other components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00811-00212267-00212381 that we Define
+p4yb3IZijHU-00812-00212382-00212584 by ourselves
+p4yb3IZijHU-00813-00212585-00212819 and so taking over the content of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00814-00212819-00213053 web page the HTML will be empty at the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00815-00213054-00213137 beginning
+p4yb3IZijHU-00816-00213138-00213348 and then the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00817-00213350-00213655 execution of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00818-00213656-00214037 components code will create it
+p4yb3IZijHU-00819-00214038-00214156 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00820-00214157-00214475 piece by piece
+p4yb3IZijHU-00821-00214476-00214834 and the function components are just
+p4yb3IZijHU-00822-00214835-00215117 functions
+p4yb3IZijHU-00823-00215117-00215327 functions that may or may not receive
+p4yb3IZijHU-00824-00215328-00215758 have some parameters some properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00825-00215759-00215975 and should return
+p4yb3IZijHU-00826-00215976-00216215 fragment
+p4yb3IZijHU-00827-00216216-00216491 of virtual Dom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00828-00216492-00216779 of jsx
+p4yb3IZijHU-00829-00216780-00217103 we use jsx to create this virtual Dom
+p4yb3IZijHU-00830-00217104-00217510 nodes
+p4yb3IZijHU-00831-00217511-00217692 if the function
+p4yb3IZijHU-00832-00217694-00217973 has no parameters of course you will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00833-00217973-00218242 return a constant fragment
+p4yb3IZijHU-00834-00218244-00218506 is the function has some parameters of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00835-00218507-00218765 course we can create some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00836-00218766-00219089 fragment that depends
+p4yb3IZijHU-00837-00219090-00219377 on the properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00838-00219378-00219737 so we have some extra syntax
+p4yb3IZijHU-00839-00219738-00220325 for inserting a JavaScript expression
+p4yb3IZijHU-00840-00220326-00220919 into a Json some jsx code
+p4yb3IZijHU-00841-00220919-00221098 just to say that the return the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00842-00221100-00221303 resulting value of the function will be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00843-00221304-00221506 always the same if the props are the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00844-00221507-00221734 same but maybe different if the props
+p4yb3IZijHU-00845-00221735-00221987 are different so inside here we are
+p4yb3IZijHU-00846-00221988-00222089 building
+p4yb3IZijHU-00847-00222090-00222701 something that depends on the property
+p4yb3IZijHU-00848-00222702-00223079 inside this we may have D of H1 PD and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00849-00223080-00223253 so on which are
+p4yb3IZijHU-00850-00223254-00223498 react components corresponding one to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00851-00223500-00223691 one to HTML nodes
+p4yb3IZijHU-00852-00223692-00223894 element types
+p4yb3IZijHU-00853-00223896-00224141 or we can have
+p4yb3IZijHU-00854-00224142-00224591 uh the any other react component that we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00855-00224592-00224879 Define or that we find in some libraries
+p4yb3IZijHU-00856-00224880-00225148 okay we have that done or react
+p4yb3IZijHU-00857-00225150-00225551 components here in the GSX
+p4yb3IZijHU-00858-00225552-00225923 normally we have some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00859-00225923-00226258 to for me 50 families of components but
+p4yb3IZijHU-00860-00226259-00226505 you don't have rigid roles it's just a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00861-00226506-00226787 design uh suggestion
+p4yb3IZijHU-00862-00226788-00227039 some components are really create
+p4yb3IZijHU-00863-00227040-00227315 portions of the page and some components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00864-00227316-00227467 only
+p4yb3IZijHU-00865-00227467-00227777 manager the information about the other
+p4yb3IZijHU-00866-00227778-00227903 components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00867-00227904-00228155 okay we try to tend to separate those
+p4yb3IZijHU-00868-00228156-00228389 that have more to do with the layout and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00869-00228390-00228539 not that they have more to do with the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00870-00228540-00228823 data position or data
+p4yb3IZijHU-00871-00228823-00229481 update but this will be for next week
+p4yb3IZijHU-00872-00229482-00229937 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-00873-00229938-00230146 okay the last concept then we go to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00874-00230148-00230363 something practical
+p4yb3IZijHU-00875-00230364-00230651 a component receives properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00876-00230652-00231029 okay and it can render itself according
+p4yb3IZijHU-00877-00231030-00231406 to this properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00878-00231407-00231671 where um why does it receive the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00879-00231671-00231905 properties from
+p4yb3IZijHU-00880-00231906-00232277 from another component that calls it
+p4yb3IZijHU-00881-00232278-00232444 so a component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00882-00232446-00232823 cause another component by and is able
+p4yb3IZijHU-00883-00232823-00233039 to pass some properties down to that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00884-00233040-00233141 component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00885-00233142-00233381 and this component in turn can pass a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00886-00233382-00233591 subset of its properties to its own
+p4yb3IZijHU-00887-00233592-00233777 children and so on
+p4yb3IZijHU-00888-00233778-00233987 so we have a trio components starting
+p4yb3IZijHU-00889-00233988-00234208 from the top level application
+p4yb3IZijHU-00890-00234209-00234365 to the different components of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00891-00234366-00234646 computational parts of the page where we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00892-00234648-00234875 always have a top to down flow of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00893-00234876-00235187 properties properties can only flow top
+p4yb3IZijHU-00894-00235188-00235396 down
+p4yb3IZijHU-00895-00235398-00235582 it's a consequence of the functional
+p4yb3IZijHU-00896-00235583-00235775 approach
+p4yb3IZijHU-00897-00235776-00236032 it's a tree so I cannot call back
+p4yb3IZijHU-00898-00236033-00236321 anything Which is higher than you can
+p4yb3IZijHU-00899-00236321-00236608 close the cycle you can create a graph
+p4yb3IZijHU-00900-00236609-00236867 and you cannot modify properties
+p4yb3IZijHU-00901-00236867-00237119 that you receive they're all immutable
+p4yb3IZijHU-00902-00237119-00237473 and so information can only flow
+p4yb3IZijHU-00903-00237473-00237791 from the root of the application to the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00904-00237792-00238355 leaves of the application
+p4yb3IZijHU-00905-00238356-00238582 which is okay because normally all the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00906-00238583-00239039 main important information is known by
+p4yb3IZijHU-00907-00239040-00239356 the top level notes and only that that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00908-00239357-00239603 Port lost portion of information that we
+p4yb3IZijHU-00909-00239604-00239891 need are given to some of the sub
+p4yb3IZijHU-00910-00239892-00240156 components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00911-00240157-00240473 what we see and it's not a surprise that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00912-00240473-00240869 uh we cannot just as properties user
+p4yb3IZijHU-00913-00240869-00241079 values no we can pass some value some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00914-00241080-00241271 strings some objects
+p4yb3IZijHU-00915-00241271-00241594 down to the components we can also pass
+p4yb3IZijHU-00916-00241596-00242015 functions
+p4yb3IZijHU-00917-00242016-00242369 okay so in the top down information flow
+p4yb3IZijHU-00918-00242369-00242603 we are passing properties this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00919-00242604-00242855 properties may be objects or strings or
+p4yb3IZijHU-00920-00242856-00243179 images or functions
+p4yb3IZijHU-00921-00243180-00243534 and pressing a function is a way of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00922-00243535-00243923 letting a component below to call a
+p4yb3IZijHU-00923-00243923-00244217 function that I defined in my component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00924-00244217-00244487 so it's a way of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00925-00244488-00244769 share your callback
+p4yb3IZijHU-00926-00244769-00245003 where the low level component the next
+p4yb3IZijHU-00927-00245004-00245242 component can access some information or
+p4yb3IZijHU-00928-00245244-00245471 some action of the top level components
+p4yb3IZijHU-00929-00245471-00245813 so we need to learn a bit this kind of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00930-00245814-00246065 behavior
+p4yb3IZijHU-00931-00246066-00246251 and in addition to that we have the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00932-00246252-00246377 state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00933-00246378-00246563 which is something which is that is
+p4yb3IZijHU-00934-00246564-00246946 owned by only one component and can be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00935-00246948-00247387 shared by copy through down the top down
+p4yb3IZijHU-00936-00247388-00247841 property tree
+p4yb3IZijHU-00937-00247842-00248015 so we have a very
+p4yb3IZijHU-00938-00248016-00248963 rigid way of handling information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00939-00248964-00249142 the list of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00940-00249144-00249310 we have a list of items a list of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00941-00249311-00249629 answers okay in our example to display
+p4yb3IZijHU-00942-00249630-00249851 there is one component that owns the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00943-00249852-00250073 list
+p4yb3IZijHU-00944-00250073-00250265 it contains some State variables that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00945-00250266-00250637 contains the least
+p4yb3IZijHU-00946-00250638-00250805 but it's not a component that will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00947-00250806-00250960 display the list the table itself
+p4yb3IZijHU-00948-00250961-00251158 another component would display the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00949-00251159-00251305 table so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00950-00251306-00251591 the content of this list will be copied
+p4yb3IZijHU-00951-00251592-00251927 to the component or to its container to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00952-00251928-00252094 the component that you will create the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00953-00252096-00252317 table and there's the component that can
+p4yb3IZijHU-00954-00252317-00252556 create each row of the table
+p4yb3IZijHU-00955-00252557-00252994 we are passing parts of this information
+p4yb3IZijHU-00956-00252996-00253115 and
+p4yb3IZijHU-00957-00253116-00253213 so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00958-00253214-00253523 react will call and render this
+p4yb3IZijHU-00959-00253523-00253696 information from the state to the view
+p4yb3IZijHU-00960-00253698-00253931 here
+p4yb3IZijHU-00961-00253932-00254225 one component State and the the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00962-00254226-00254471 knowledge of the state of every
+p4yb3IZijHU-00963-00254471-00254687 change of the state it will update the
+p4yb3IZijHU-00964-00254688-00254975 view thanks to this component tree
+p4yb3IZijHU-00965-00254976-00255221 we are passing a state to the component
+p4yb3IZijHU-00966-00255221-00255539 of the property and so on
+p4yb3IZijHU-00967-00255540-00255706 of course we should also have some
+p4yb3IZijHU-00968-00255707-00255856 mechanism for
+p4yb3IZijHU-00969-00255857-00256132 updating the state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00970-00256133-00256348 that goes through some action some even
+p4yb3IZijHU-00971-00256350-00256505 tenders
+p4yb3IZijHU-00972-00256506-00256763 that are in the list components that
+p4yb3IZijHU-00973-00256764-00256991 will and will have the opportunity of
+p4yb3IZijHU-00974-00256992-00257248 updating the stage
+p4yb3IZijHU-00975-00257250-00257651 for today we only focused on this first
+p4yb3IZijHU-00976-00257652-00258023 creation of the page next week we'll see
+p4yb3IZijHU-00977-00258023-00258389 how to make it live up to make the state
+p4yb3IZijHU-00978-00258390-00258682 evolve
+p4yb3IZijHU-00979-00258683-00259006 Okay so
+p4yb3IZijHU-00980-00259007-00259337 how to start
+p4yb3IZijHU-00981-00259338-00259523 um of course there will be a library to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00982-00259523-00259792 to import
+p4yb3IZijHU-00983-00259794-00260092 and you know only these three lines will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00984-00260094-00260182 be enough
+p4yb3IZijHU-00985-00260183-00260513 to start a react application
+p4yb3IZijHU-00986-00260514-00260782 the problem that if if you write this it
+p4yb3IZijHU-00987-00260783-00261006 will not compile
+p4yb3IZijHU-00988-00261007-00261305 basically because the Json syntax is not
+p4yb3IZijHU-00989-00261306-00261755 understandable by the browser directly
+p4yb3IZijHU-00990-00261756-00262091 so what we usually do
+p4yb3IZijHU-00991-00262092-00262325 uh if you have a project configuration
+p4yb3IZijHU-00992-00262326-00262523 with the code that we write will be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00993-00262524-00262745 compiled and transformed
+p4yb3IZijHU-00994-00262746-00263003 for example there is a component there
+p4yb3IZijHU-00995-00263004-00263158 is a library called Babel that will
+p4yb3IZijHU-00996-00263159-00263410 trash files a transform from jss to
+p4yb3IZijHU-00997-00263411-00263603 JavaScript
+p4yb3IZijHU-00998-00263604-00263849 and so then then the browser will be
+p4yb3IZijHU-00999-00263850-00264137 able to read it and to process it so
+p4yb3IZijHU-01000-00264138-00264545 even if it's simple of reactor we just
+p4yb3IZijHU-01001-00264546-00264971 Mount and render one node we need to set
+p4yb3IZijHU-01002-00264972-00265193 up the compiled environment in which uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-01003-00265194-00265403 by which everything should be compiled
+p4yb3IZijHU-01004-00265404-00265595 into playing JavaScript that can be sent
+p4yb3IZijHU-01005-00265596-00265823 to the browser so we are writing code in
+p4yb3IZijHU-01006-00265824-00265967 a very organized way with many
+p4yb3IZijHU-01007-00265968-00266291 components but after all all this
+p4yb3IZijHU-01008-00266292-00266477 component will be put together into one
+p4yb3IZijHU-01009-00266478-00266758 big JavaScript bundle file and we send
+p4yb3IZijHU-01010-00266759-00266891 to the browser after all the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01011-00266892-00267047 transformations
+p4yb3IZijHU-01012-00267048-00267299 setting up all the you know all the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01013-00267300-00267605 options for managing this compilation is
+p4yb3IZijHU-01014-00267606-00267929 a bit complex and so usually we use a
+p4yb3IZijHU-01015-00267930-00268367 some extra tool Fork scaffolding the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01016-00268368-00268547 project so for creating a skeleton of
+p4yb3IZijHU-01017-00268548-00268891 the project
+p4yb3IZijHU-01018-00268892-00269099 there are several
+p4yb3IZijHU-01019-00269100-00269310 of this kind of tools
+p4yb3IZijHU-01020-00269311-00269693 until last year the react team suggested
+p4yb3IZijHU-01021-00269694-00270023 one common that was called create react
+p4yb3IZijHU-01022-00270024-00270310 app that will create a skeleton of a
+p4yb3IZijHU-01023-00270311-00270587 project it looks like this tool is no
+p4yb3IZijHU-01024-00270588-00270755 longer supported or at least it's no
+p4yb3IZijHU-01025-00270756-00270899 longer suggested
+p4yb3IZijHU-01026-00270900-00271241 so its own team doesn't suggest it and
+p4yb3IZijHU-01027-00271242-00271517 so we we found this other alternative
+p4yb3IZijHU-01028-00271518-00271780 there are many but we found we try to
+p4yb3IZijHU-01029-00271781-00271991 find the simplest one
+p4yb3IZijHU-01030-00271992-00272141 which if
+p4yb3IZijHU-01031-00272142-00272447 called White
+p4yb3IZijHU-01032-00272448-00272587 and
+p4yb3IZijHU-01033-00272588-00273041 can create projects of different types
+p4yb3IZijHU-01034-00273042-00273227 it's a tool for creating the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01035-00273228-00273419 skeletonware project using different
+p4yb3IZijHU-01036-00273420-00273599 libraries where we you will use
+p4yb3IZijHU-01037-00273600-00273808 different libraries
+p4yb3IZijHU-01038-00273809-00274151 okay so in our case
+p4yb3IZijHU-01039-00274152-00274463 this is just the steps that we need to
+p4yb3IZijHU-01040-00274464-00274769 to follow so let's open
+p4yb3IZijHU-01041-00274770-00275008 in our let's forget the exercise for
+p4yb3IZijHU-01042-00275009-00275123 later
+p4yb3IZijHU-01043-00275124-00275380 uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-01044-00275381-00275758 uh that's not my terminal
+p4yb3IZijHU-01045-00275759-00276221 here in week six for example
+p4yb3IZijHU-01046-00276222-00276575 and we want to create a new project
+p4yb3IZijHU-01047-00276576-00276773 from scratch a new simple project thing
+p4yb3IZijHU-01048-00276774-00277037 we had our first react process so we
+p4yb3IZijHU-01049-00277038-00277337 call it first maybe okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-01050-00277338-00277691 this is the common npn creator
+p4yb3IZijHU-01051-00277692-00277960 Vitality like latest which is the script
+p4yb3IZijHU-01052-00277961-00278267 they will use for creating it and then
+p4yb3IZijHU-01053-00278268-00278675 the name of my application first
+p4yb3IZijHU-01054-00278676-00278999 npn create
+p4yb3IZijHU-01055-00279000-00279317 latest
+p4yb3IZijHU-01056-00279318-00280037 first
+p4yb3IZijHU-01057-00280038-00280558 in week six okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-01058-00280559-00280780 so the first time we will ask you do you
+p4yb3IZijHU-01059-00280781-00280973 want to download Vita of course you
+p4yb3IZijHU-01060-00280974-00281153 should you must say yes he didn't ask me
+p4yb3IZijHU-01061-00281154-00281308 here because I already used it in my
+p4yb3IZijHU-01062-00281309-00281555 computer
+p4yb3IZijHU-01063-00281556-00281908 and it'll help me what framework are you
+p4yb3IZijHU-01064-00281909-00282095 going to use
+p4yb3IZijHU-01065-00282096-00282532 we are going to reactor
+p4yb3IZijHU-01066-00282533-00282851 the using JavaScript
+p4yb3IZijHU-01067-00282852-00283060 you can choose the first one or the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01068-00283061-00283237 third one
+p4yb3IZijHU-01069-00283238-00283523 they said they have been slightly
+p4yb3IZijHU-01070-00283524-00283673 different configuration that say that
+p4yb3IZijHU-01071-00283674-00284069 the the third one is a bit faster so are
+p4yb3IZijHU-01072-00284070-00284171 you going
+p4yb3IZijHU-01073-00284172-00284321 but for the programming point of view
+p4yb3IZijHU-01074-00284322-00284723 there's no difference
+p4yb3IZijHU-01075-00284724-00284903 done
+p4yb3IZijHU-01076-00284904-00285143 what does it mean then it means that it
+p4yb3IZijHU-01077-00285144-00285401 created a folder first with the name of
+p4yb3IZijHU-01078-00285402-00285893 my project with some stuff inside
+p4yb3IZijHU-01079-00285894-00286289 the skeleton of my project
+p4yb3IZijHU-01080-00286290-00286523 and it will tell me how to work with
+p4yb3IZijHU-01081-00286524-00286660 that
+p4yb3IZijHU-01082-00286661-00286955 of course you must I must move into the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01083-00286956-00287260 directory
+p4yb3IZijHU-01084-00287261-00287687 and install all the dependencies
+p4yb3IZijHU-01085-00287688-00287873 the dependencies are you know you
+p4yb3IZijHU-01086-00287874-00288125 already created a package of Json with
+p4yb3IZijHU-01087-00288126-00288377 all the dependencies we don't have many
+p4yb3IZijHU-01088-00288378-00288617 of them
+p4yb3IZijHU-01089-00288618-00288856 at the runtime we only depend on the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01090-00288857-00289013 react Library itself
+p4yb3IZijHU-01091-00289014-00289553 at development time will depend also on
+p4yb3IZijHU-01092-00289554-00289889 some scripts and plugins that are
+p4yb3IZijHU-01093-00289890-00290117 installed by vital
+p4yb3IZijHU-01094-00290118-00290260 that we have we'll end all the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01095-00290261-00290465 Compilation All the live updates and so
+p4yb3IZijHU-01096-00290466-00290639 all the serving of the of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01097-00290640-00290801 application and so on
+p4yb3IZijHU-01098-00290802-00290969 but these are only developer
+p4yb3IZijHU-01099-00290970-00291113 dependencies something that we use
+p4yb3IZijHU-01100-00291114-00291280 during development mode and then we see
+p4yb3IZijHU-01101-00291281-00291521 the product the only dependency for the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01102-00291522-00292084 moment are just the right Library itself
+p4yb3IZijHU-01103-00292085-00292289 so we can
+p4yb3IZijHU-01104-00292290-00292889 install
+p4yb3IZijHU-01105-00292890-00293189 we will download some stuff some
+p4yb3IZijHU-01106-00293190-00294137 Banks of megabytes
+p4yb3IZijHU-01107-00294138-00295630 what's the problem
+p4yb3IZijHU-01108-00295631-00296543 good
+p4yb3IZijHU-01109-00296544-00296860 there's something
+p4yb3IZijHU-01110-00296861-00297467 you know make sure
+p4yb3IZijHU-01111-00297468-00297671 yeah
+p4yb3IZijHU-01112-00297672-00297832 interesting because I tried it yesterday
+p4yb3IZijHU-01113-00297833-00298258 evening and it worked
+p4yb3IZijHU-01114-00298259-00298415 do you get the same error that's what
+p4yb3IZijHU-01115-00298416-00298510 you do
+p4yb3IZijHU-01116-00298511-00298817 good
+p4yb3IZijHU-01117-00298818-00299489 so let's try
+p4yb3IZijHU-01118-00299490-00299639 first two
+p4yb3IZijHU-01119-00299640-00300041 and try to select
+p4yb3IZijHU-01120-00300042-00301979 each other
+p4yb3IZijHU-01121-00301980-00302155 okay this is working
+p4yb3IZijHU-01122-00302156-00302453 so let's try to select the other option
+p4yb3IZijHU-01123-00302454-00302675 title without the swc
+p4yb3IZijHU-01124-00302676-00302855 you see installed it installed a
+p4yb3IZijHU-01125-00302856-00302956 different uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-01126-00302957-00303469 um so first second
+p4yb3IZijHU-01127-00303470-00304067 different ways of compiling that user
+p4yb3IZijHU-01128-00304068-00304249 the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01129-00304250-00304577 SMC library is an alternative to Babel
+p4yb3IZijHU-01130-00304578-00304804 Babel is the transporter it's faster but
+p4yb3IZijHU-01131-00304805-00305147 since the today isn't working okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-01132-00305148-00305321 anyway
+p4yb3IZijHU-01133-00305322-00305549 if if it's not stable we'll move to the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01134-00305550-00305710 first one on the development point of
+p4yb3IZijHU-01135-00305711-00305908 view nothing changes it's only you see
+p4yb3IZijHU-01136-00305909-00306256 that the the the the real libraries are
+p4yb3IZijHU-01137-00306257-00306401 the same
+p4yb3IZijHU-01138-00306402-00306689 and of course it installs something
+p4yb3IZijHU-01139-00306690-00306893 different
+p4yb3IZijHU-01140-00306894-00307108 it is not something it is not modules
+p4yb3IZijHU-01141-00307109-00307354 but we don't need to to care about that
+p4yb3IZijHU-01142-00307355-00307584 of course it will download
+p4yb3IZijHU-01143-00307585-00308230 82 packages okay good for you
+p4yb3IZijHU-01144-00308231-00308471 and I can
+p4yb3IZijHU-01145-00308472-00308789 start
+p4yb3IZijHU-01146-00308790-00309023 the react application
+p4yb3IZijHU-01147-00309024-00309215 so what is your application is
+p4yb3IZijHU-01148-00309216-00309437 Javascript so we should have an HTML
+p4yb3IZijHU-01149-00309438-00309760 page that calls a JavaScript script
+p4yb3IZijHU-01150-00309761-00310084 that is open by a browser
+p4yb3IZijHU-01151-00310085-00310330 the browser should open something on a
+p4yb3IZijHU-01152-00310331-00310504 web server
+p4yb3IZijHU-01153-00310505-00310684 we don't have a web server to publish
+p4yb3IZijHU-01154-00310685-00310945 our application
+p4yb3IZijHU-01155-00310946-00311501 has a small web server
+p4yb3IZijHU-01156-00311502-00311801 embedded into development tools the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01157-00311802-00312119 developmental scripts so by run in the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01158-00312120-00312389 Run Dev run in development mode we are
+p4yb3IZijHU-01159-00312390-00312730 starting a local server
+p4yb3IZijHU-01160-00312731-00313001 with our application uh right now it's
+p4yb3IZijHU-01161-00313002-00313169 not yet our application the application
+p4yb3IZijHU-01162-00313170-00313523 that we shown here
+p4yb3IZijHU-01163-00313524-00313841 so it's telling me that okay
+p4yb3IZijHU-01164-00313842-00314110 we started your application it's running
+p4yb3IZijHU-01165-00314111-00314429 on this webpage
+p4yb3IZijHU-01166-00314430-00314939 and you can visit this page
+p4yb3IZijHU-01167-00314940-00315245 at this address so maybe I just need to
+p4yb3IZijHU-01168-00315246-00315563 click Ctrl click
+p4yb3IZijHU-01169-00315564-00316349 and
+p4yb3IZijHU-01170-00316350-00316834 do it open
+p4yb3IZijHU-01171-00316835-00317027 okay also it's over many times it was
+p4yb3IZijHU-01172-00317028-00317332 low the first time
+p4yb3IZijHU-01173-00317333-00317453 sorry
+p4yb3IZijHU-01174-00317454-00317699 okay so I'm running and open this page
+p4yb3IZijHU-01175-00317700-00317921 onto localhost at this strength port
+p4yb3IZijHU-01176-00317922-00318377 number
+p4yb3IZijHU-01177-00318378-00318827 and these are already our application
+p4yb3IZijHU-01178-00318828-00319043 one application
+p4yb3IZijHU-01179-00319044-00319247 which is where so what is the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01180-00319248-00319493 organization of the files here
+p4yb3IZijHU-01181-00319494-00319632 okay this is
+p4yb3IZijHU-01182-00319633-00319913 summarizing the this slide
+p4yb3IZijHU-01183-00319914-00320267 but we'll uh we'll browse it directly
+p4yb3IZijHU-01184-00320268-00320482 on the code so this is our project
+p4yb3IZijHU-01185-00320483-00320879 directory first number two
+p4yb3IZijHU-01186-00320880-00321082 you see that it's a website so it will
+p4yb3IZijHU-01187-00321083-00321547 start with an index.html
+p4yb3IZijHU-01188-00321548-00322037 HTML is practically empty
+p4yb3IZijHU-01189-00322038-00322217 solve this
+p4yb3IZijHU-01190-00322218-00322619 but it will contain
+p4yb3IZijHU-01191-00322620-00322763 uh
+p4yb3IZijHU-01192-00322764-00323069 not one script
+p4yb3IZijHU-01193-00323070-00323356 which is a main JavaScript code
+p4yb3IZijHU-01194-00323357-00323554 you see the Accenture just extra because
+p4yb3IZijHU-01195-00323555-00323765 we are using this GSX syntax extension
+p4yb3IZijHU-01196-00323766-00323993 not just playing JavaScript
+p4yb3IZijHU-01197-00323994-00324179 so we have an empty component in the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01198-00324180-00324413 body we have an empty an empty node
+p4yb3IZijHU-01199-00324414-00324689 root and we are calling one JavaScript
+p4yb3IZijHU-01200-00324690-00324815 file
+p4yb3IZijHU-01201-00324816-00325145 an empty HTML page that runs contains
+p4yb3IZijHU-01202-00325146-00325595 only one empty div and one script
+p4yb3IZijHU-01203-00325596-00325853 so all the worker will go inside the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01204-00325854-00326165 script main.jsx
+p4yb3IZijHU-01205-00326166-00326380 that is included into the source
+p4yb3IZijHU-01206-00326381-00326506 directory
+p4yb3IZijHU-01207-00326507-00326777 so we usually don't need to touch the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01208-00326778-00327113 index.html unless we want to change the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01209-00327114-00327508 the icon you know the the five icons
+p4yb3IZijHU-01210-00327509-00327743 something like that otherwise all the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01211-00327744-00327977 types of the page just minimal stats
+p4yb3IZijHU-01212-00327978-00328332 otherwise we leave it alone
+p4yb3IZijHU-01213-00328333-00328601 main.js is the real the first starting
+p4yb3IZijHU-01214-00328602-00328775 point
+p4yb3IZijHU-01215-00328776-00329069 where the react application is mounted
+p4yb3IZijHU-01216-00329070-00329213 into the page
+p4yb3IZijHU-01217-00329214-00329447 it contains the render
+p4yb3IZijHU-01218-00329448-00329663 and the create route to calls that we've
+p4yb3IZijHU-01219-00329664-00330041 shown designs
+p4yb3IZijHU-01220-00330042-00330280 again it doesn't do anything until
+p4yb3IZijHU-01221-00330281-00330539 intelligent it just locates the root
+p4yb3IZijHU-01222-00330540-00330749 element the empty diva
+p4yb3IZijHU-01223-00330750-00331271 and mounts the upper component
+p4yb3IZijHU-01224-00331272-00331841 in a special strict mode which we
+p4yb3IZijHU-01225-00331842-00332080 Sigma basically there's a lot of extra
+p4yb3IZijHU-01226-00332081-00332429 checks in on our code at runtime for to
+p4yb3IZijHU-01227-00332430-00332615 ensure that we are following the react
+p4yb3IZijHU-01228-00332616-00332758 rule
+p4yb3IZijHU-01229-00332759-00332993 but basically it's mounting the upper
+p4yb3IZijHU-01230-00332994-00333587 component into the root container
+p4yb3IZijHU-01231-00333588-00333989 plus it may apply some sizes here
+p4yb3IZijHU-01232-00333990-00334241 again you we normally don't need to
+p4yb3IZijHU-01233-00334242-00334493 modify this file
+p4yb3IZijHU-01234-00334494-00334865 but from Up
+p4yb3IZijHU-01235-00334866-00335069 we can work
+p4yb3IZijHU-01236-00335070-00335356 app is our top level component in the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01237-00335357-00335603 page
+p4yb3IZijHU-01238-00335604-00335806 and you see that well it's already
+p4yb3IZijHU-01239-00335807-00336077 contains something but the syntax is a
+p4yb3IZijHU-01240-00336078-00336269 very simple function name of the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01241-00336270-00336430 component
+p4yb3IZijHU-01242-00336431-00337079 and then return content of the page
+p4yb3IZijHU-01243-00337080-00337360 that's it
+p4yb3IZijHU-01244-00337361-00337630 right now this content is only calling
+p4yb3IZijHU-01245-00337631-00337829 you know or
+p4yb3IZijHU-01246-00337830-00338153 using this a and so that it's not using
+p4yb3IZijHU-01247-00338154-00338375 any other components
+p4yb3IZijHU-01248-00338376-00338575 if we want to develop our own
+p4yb3IZijHU-01249-00338576-00339017 application we can just modify this
+p4yb3IZijHU-01250-00339018-00339523 and Implement our code
+p4yb3IZijHU-01251-00339524-00339904 and I do usually do
+p4yb3IZijHU-01252-00339905-00340063 um
+p4yb3IZijHU-01253-00340064-00340397 [Music]
+p4yb3IZijHU-01254-00340398-00340667 web server
+p4yb3IZijHU-01255-00340668-00341008 we have a nice feature that the page the
+p4yb3IZijHU-01256-00341009-00341237 application is automatically updated
+p4yb3IZijHU-01257-00341238-00341513 whenever we change anything so it's
+p4yb3IZijHU-01258-00341514-00341734 recompiled and updated in real time so
+p4yb3IZijHU-01259-00341735-00342004 very convenient for for debugging so for
+p4yb3IZijHU-01260-00342005-00342184 example if we change something
+p4yb3IZijHU-01261-00342185-00342479 I don't know not by In This string
+p4yb3IZijHU-01262-00342480-00342815 why dot react plus react
+p4yb3IZijHU-01263-00342816-00343037 let's say
+p4yb3IZijHU-01264-00343038-00343477 modified
+p4yb3IZijHU-01265-00343478-00343697 modified like that
+p4yb3IZijHU-01266-00343698-00344165 it when whenever I save this file
+p4yb3IZijHU-01267-00344166-00344351 it was very
+p4yb3IZijHU-01268-00344352-00344677 quick but it uh divided
+p4yb3IZijHU-01269-00344678-00344903 detected a modification one file
+p4yb3IZijHU-01270-00344904-00345058 recompiled everything and sent
+p4yb3IZijHU-01271-00345059-00345280 everything to the browser it was
+p4yb3IZijHU-01272-00345281-00345419 connected
+p4yb3IZijHU-01273-00345420-00345689 and the modification is visible in real
+p4yb3IZijHU-01274-00345690-00345851 time
+p4yb3IZijHU-01275-00345852-00346073 so it's very useful to
+p4yb3IZijHU-01276-00346074-00346165 to work
+p4yb3IZijHU-01277-00346166-00346451 [Music]
+p4yb3IZijHU-01278-00346452-00346703 in the in development mode okay you
+p4yb3IZijHU-01279-00346704-00347003 always keep this uh open you edit you
+p4yb3IZijHU-01280-00347004-00347243 don't need to stop and restart the web
+p4yb3IZijHU-01281-00347244-00347449 server when you are working
+p4yb3IZijHU-01282-00347450-00347734 sometimes it gets disconnected so you
+p4yb3IZijHU-01283-00347735-00347956 just have to refresh the browser
+p4yb3IZijHU-01284-00347957-00348143 depending on what kind of modification
+p4yb3IZijHU-01285-00348144-00348329 if you are moving files around too much
+p4yb3IZijHU-01286-00348330-00348863 maybe loses track but
+p4yb3IZijHU-01287-00348864-00349139 so we're still inside our Visual Studio
+p4yb3IZijHU-01288-00349140-00349367 code and we are still
+p4yb3IZijHU-01289-00349368-00349606 able to edit and the application will
+p4yb3IZijHU-01290-00349607-00349906 update say instantly
+p4yb3IZijHU-01291-00349907-00350213 so you will do something else
+p4yb3IZijHU-01292-00350214-00350987 maybe we can uh you know something very
+p4yb3IZijHU-01293-00350988-00351371 so we have a simple application we can
+p4yb3IZijHU-01294-00351372-00351880 we can also maybe return one
+p4yb3IZijHU-01295-00351881-00352882 one fragment that contains a title
+p4yb3IZijHU-01296-00352883-00353932 and then second message
+p4yb3IZijHU-01297-00353933-00354389 okay like this we can drop everything we
+p4yb3IZijHU-01298-00354390-00354679 need we don't need