diff --git "a/data/en106/text/00000010.txt" "b/data/en106/text/00000010.txt"
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+++ "b/data/en106/text/00000010.txt"
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+4nbTAWN9aEY-00000-00000008-00000223 putin should be declared uh an enemy
+4nbTAWN9aEY-00001-00000224-00000390 combatant right now
+4nbTAWN9aEY-00002-00000391-00000582 and putin should be declared an enemy
+4nbTAWN9aEY-00003-00000583-00000767 combatant right now if he's being
+4nbTAWN9aEY-00004-00000768-00000927 investigated as a war criminal we should
+4nbTAWN9aEY-00005-00000927-00001150 declare putin an enemy combatant and
+4nbTAWN9aEY-00006-00001151-00001496 therefore clear to engage
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00000-00001470-00001982 no you can't be here here you're not
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00001-00001984-00002846 real
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00002-00002847-00003182 what's the password creep lost your
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00003-00003183-00003343 tongue
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00004-00003344-00003911 say I'm a bacon terrorists hey leave him
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00005-00003911-00003952 alone
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00006-00003953-00004327 oh I'm so scared bullying him because
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00007-00004328-00004652 he's a fake in hair you're pathetic you
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00008-00004653-00004870 can see into the dark world can't you
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00009-00004871-00005257 wait can you see that - that's not
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00010-00005258-00006284 possible I I don't know how I did that
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00011-00006285-00006450 Ashville
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00012-00006451-00006667 legend says that they have the ability
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00013-00006668-00006904 to manipulate the laws of physics to
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00014-00006905-00007231 move objects with their mind there have
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00015-00007231-00007483 been rumors of a very powerful dark
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00016-00007484-00007695 astral who wants all the powers to
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00017-00007697-00008017 himself legends claim he was the first
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00018-00008018-00008359 ever guest in existence some say he's
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00019-00008360-00008779 the devil himself his name
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00020-00008780-00009619 blocks watch I know where you live so
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00021-00009620-00009790 I'm not going until you tell me about
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00022-00009791-00010105 this dark place that dark life we can
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00023-00010106-00010327 see him to new is called the window an
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00024-00010328-00010740 inside limbo are a lot of evil creatures
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00025-00010741-00011975 wanting to escape
+51MbuHZ6ySI-00026-00011976-00012926 [Music]
+543_NQBKwSI-00000-00000171-00000526 [Music]
+543_NQBKwSI-00001-00000527-00001295 the very hungry caterpillar
+543_NQBKwSI-00002-00001296-00001503 in the light of the moon
+543_NQBKwSI-00003-00001504-00001934 a little egg lay on a leaf
+543_NQBKwSI-00004-00001935-00002134 one sunday morning
+543_NQBKwSI-00005-00002135-00003431 the warm sun came up
+543_NQBKwSI-00006-00003432-00003735 and pop
+543_NQBKwSI-00007-00003736-00004031 out of the egg came a tiny and very
+543_NQBKwSI-00008-00004032-00004270 hungry caterpillar
+543_NQBKwSI-00009-00004271-00004622 he started to look for some food
+543_NQBKwSI-00010-00004623-00004967 i'm so hungry he thought
+543_NQBKwSI-00011-00004968-00005206 on monday
+543_NQBKwSI-00012-00005207-00005415 he ate through one apple
+543_NQBKwSI-00013-00005416-00005686 [Music]
+543_NQBKwSI-00014-00005687-00005865 but he was still hungry
+543_NQBKwSI-00015-00005866-00006998 [Music]
+543_NQBKwSI-00016-00007000-00007083 on
+543_NQBKwSI-00017-00007084-00007239 tuesday
+543_NQBKwSI-00018-00007240-00007602 he ate through two pairs
+543_NQBKwSI-00019-00007603-00007823 [Music]
+543_NQBKwSI-00020-00007823-00009119 but he was still hungry
+543_NQBKwSI-00021-00009120-00009383 on wednesday
+543_NQBKwSI-00022-00009384-00009951 he ate through three plums
+543_NQBKwSI-00023-00009952-00010137 but he was still hungry
+543_NQBKwSI-00024-00010138-00011127 [Music]
+543_NQBKwSI-00025-00011128-00011283 on
+543_NQBKwSI-00026-00011284-00011527 thursday he ate through four
+543_NQBKwSI-00027-00011528-00012127 strawberries
+543_NQBKwSI-00028-00012128-00013383 but he was still hungry
+543_NQBKwSI-00029-00013384-00013630 on friday
+543_NQBKwSI-00030-00013631-00014037 he ate through five oranges
+543_NQBKwSI-00031-00014038-00014263 [Music]
+543_NQBKwSI-00032-00014263-00014418 but he was still hungry
+543_NQBKwSI-00033-00014419-00015519 [Music]
+543_NQBKwSI-00034-00015519-00015871 on saturday
+543_NQBKwSI-00035-00015872-00016103 he ate through one piece of chocolate
+543_NQBKwSI-00036-00016104-00016255 cake
+543_NQBKwSI-00037-00016256-00016471 one cream cake
+543_NQBKwSI-00038-00016472-00016655 one cherry
+543_NQBKwSI-00039-00016656-00016943 one slice of swiss cheese
+543_NQBKwSI-00040-00016944-00017230 one slice of salami
+543_NQBKwSI-00041-00017231-00017391 one biscuit
+543_NQBKwSI-00042-00017392-00017943 and one slice of watermelon
+543_NQBKwSI-00043-00017944-00018503 that night he had a stomachache
+543_NQBKwSI-00044-00018504-00018830 the very hungry caterpillar then ate
+543_NQBKwSI-00045-00018831-00019094 through one green leaf
+543_NQBKwSI-00046-00019095-00019399 he started to feel better
+543_NQBKwSI-00047-00019400-00019830 now the caterpillar was no longer small
+543_NQBKwSI-00048-00019831-00020750 he was a big fat caterpillar little big
+543_NQBKwSI-00049-00020751-00021071 he built a small house called a cocoon
+543_NQBKwSI-00050-00021072-00021414 around himself
+543_NQBKwSI-00051-00021415-00021847 he stayed inside for more than two weeks
+543_NQBKwSI-00052-00021848-00022119 then he nibbled a small hole in the
+543_NQBKwSI-00053-00022120-00022855 cocoon pushed his way out in
+543_NQBKwSI-00054-00022856-00024078 a beautiful buttery fly
+543_NQBKwSI-00055-00024079-00024327 the end
+543_NQBKwSI-00056-00024328-00024650 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00000-00000420-00003062 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00001-00003063-00003704 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00002-00003706-00003882 [Applause]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00003-00003883-00004283 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00004-00004284-00004563 so
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00005-00004564-00007083 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00006-00007084-00007320 so
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00007-00007320-00008483 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00008-00008484-00008981 right
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00009-00008982-00009883 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00010-00009884-00010192 huh
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00011-00010193-00011283 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00012-00011284-00011646 so
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00013-00011647-00014083 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00014-00014084-00014563 so
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00015-00014563-00015483 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00016-00015484-00015988 um
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00017-00015988-00016291 [Music]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00018-00016293-00017303 [Applause]
+54TKVlKYL2Q-00019-00017304-00017512 you
+56UPPq0yph4-00000-00000000-00000231 dr carl livingston
+56UPPq0yph4-00001-00000231-00000471 who else whom i will introduce in just a
+56UPPq0yph4-00002-00000472-00000574 moment
+56UPPq0yph4-00003-00000575-00000743 and then next week
+56UPPq0yph4-00004-00000744-00000999 it's sharon spence wilcox and she's
+56UPPq0yph4-00005-00001000-00001223 going to be talking about
+56UPPq0yph4-00006-00001224-00001439 choosing civility
+56UPPq0yph4-00007-00001440-00001655 the movement to restore social skills
+56UPPq0yph4-00008-00001655-00001807 and i think this is going to be a really
+56UPPq0yph4-00009-00001807-00002199 interesting conversation
+56UPPq0yph4-00010-00002200-00002526 if you are interested in an issue and
+56UPPq0yph4-00011-00002527-00002791 you would like to sponsor a talk i am
+56UPPq0yph4-00012-00002792-00003015 putting together the schedule for which
+56UPPq0yph4-00013-00003016-00003142 a quarter
+56UPPq0yph4-00014-00003143-00003351 and we love it when students are
+56UPPq0yph4-00015-00003352-00003567 involved in the programs
+56UPPq0yph4-00016-00003568-00003775 many students have done programs in the
+56UPPq0yph4-00017-00003776-00004103 past and they've been great so i will do
+56UPPq0yph4-00018-00004104-00004270 everything i can to assist you with that
+56UPPq0yph4-00019-00004271-00004751 if that's something you're interested in
+56UPPq0yph4-00020-00004752-00005095 and can i help you with your
+56UPPq0yph4-00021-00005096-00005335 presentation is it again should i put it
+56UPPq0yph4-00022-00005336-00005759 on the presentation i think it's ready
+56UPPq0yph4-00023-00005760-00005911 yeah okay
+56UPPq0yph4-00024-00005912-00006191 okay so it's my great pleasure to
+56UPPq0yph4-00025-00006192-00006446 introduce dr carl livingston
+56UPPq0yph4-00026-00006447-00007075 he
+56UPPq0yph4-00027-00007076-00007431 is my colleague extraordinaire and a
+56UPPq0yph4-00028-00007431-00007639 professor of political science here at
+56UPPq0yph4-00029-00007640-00008039 seattle
+56UPPq0yph4-00030-00008040-00008327 and he's going to be talking about
+56UPPq0yph4-00031-00008328-00008535 the development movement in greater
+56UPPq0yph4-00032-00008536-00008919 black seattle so please welcome doctor
+56UPPq0yph4-00033-00008920-00009167 thank you so much kelly i appreciate
+56UPPq0yph4-00034-00009168-00009583 her so much in the library staff we have
+56UPPq0yph4-00035-00009584-00009910 one of the best
+56UPPq0yph4-00036-00009911-00010342 most uh amazing uh library uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00037-00010343-00010535 uh set of really professors to me i'd
+56UPPq0yph4-00038-00010536-00010742 rather call them professors because they
+56UPPq0yph4-00039-00010743-00010895 teach all the time
+56UPPq0yph4-00040-00010896-00011183 of uh any community college uh in the
+56UPPq0yph4-00041-00011184-00011423 country and so where are our library
+56UPPq0yph4-00042-00011424-00011614 staff at once i'll just raise your hands
+56UPPq0yph4-00043-00011615-00011951 that on the library staff
+56UPPq0yph4-00044-00011952-00012263 okay
+56UPPq0yph4-00045-00012264-00014063 okay
+56UPPq0yph4-00046-00014063-00014215 if i name names i'm gonna leave some
+56UPPq0yph4-00047-00014216-00014430 people out and be in big trouble so
+56UPPq0yph4-00048-00014431-00014647 uh some of the professors joining me in
+56UPPq0yph4-00049-00014647-00014855 this will come in a little bit i think
+56UPPq0yph4-00050-00014856-00015015 they they know i'm involved in it so
+56UPPq0yph4-00051-00015016-00015438 they're like it ain't gonna start
+56UPPq0yph4-00052-00015440-00015647 and so uh they're going to come roll in
+56UPPq0yph4-00053-00015647-00015830 when they can and plus they have other
+56UPPq0yph4-00054-00015831-00016063 commitments so proud to have them
+56UPPq0yph4-00055-00016063-00016255 helping me on this
+56UPPq0yph4-00056-00016256-00016415 because they're already serving in their
+56UPPq0yph4-00057-00016416-00016575 their ways you know their their
+56UPPq0yph4-00058-00016576-00016775 wonderful ways and yet they're taking
+56UPPq0yph4-00059-00016776-00017007 time out to help with this and then
+56UPPq0yph4-00060-00017008-00017191 there are some students
+56UPPq0yph4-00061-00017192-00017494 and uh other 20 30-somethings helping
+56UPPq0yph4-00062-00017495-00017630 with this effort
+56UPPq0yph4-00063-00017631-00017943 uh people uh like uh andre sherman did
+56UPPq0yph4-00064-00017944-00018094 not say
+56UPPq0yph4-00065-00018095-00018283 okay because when i saw the spelling was
+56UPPq0yph4-00066-00018284-00018486 like how do you pronounce it more
+56UPPq0yph4-00067-00018487-00018679 formally
+56UPPq0yph4-00068-00018680-00018927 andre andre okay but just andre sure
+56UPPq0yph4-00069-00018928-00019191 that's cool all right so yeah so he's
+56UPPq0yph4-00070-00019192-00019391 one of the persons out there that i'm
+56UPPq0yph4-00071-00019392-00019503 going to
+56UPPq0yph4-00072-00019504-00019735 as we get closer to really
+56UPPq0yph4-00073-00019736-00020127 putting this thing uh in motion
+56UPPq0yph4-00074-00020128-00020383 so what is the thing i'm talking about
+56UPPq0yph4-00075-00020384-00020575 well um
+56UPPq0yph4-00076-00020576-00020911 about
+56UPPq0yph4-00077-00020912-00021222 almost two years ago now
+56UPPq0yph4-00078-00021223-00021455 i was at starbucks trying to get my
+56UPPq0yph4-00079-00021456-00021727 grades done a day early to shock people
+56UPPq0yph4-00080-00021728-00021871 because they know i'm one of the last
+56UPPq0yph4-00081-00021872-00022022 ones
+56UPPq0yph4-00082-00022023-00022150 and uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00083-00022151-00022439 i couldn't do it i got into starbucks
+56UPPq0yph4-00084-00022440-00022767 and this is this crazy
+56UPPq0yph4-00085-00022768-00023103 difficult to describe foreboding kidney
+56UPPq0yph4-00086-00023104-00023327 that african americans
+56UPPq0yph4-00087-00023328-00023463 are in
+56UPPq0yph4-00088-00023464-00023591 deep
+56UPPq0yph4-00089-00023592-00023942 uh morass more r a s
+56UPPq0yph4-00090-00023943-00024199 s
+56UPPq0yph4-00091-00024200-00024407 that we're in a type of a cavern we're
+56UPPq0yph4-00092-00024408-00024630 in a troubled situation
+56UPPq0yph4-00093-00024631-00024767 because
+56UPPq0yph4-00094-00024768-00025014 normally this is in good times we're the
+56UPPq0yph4-00095-00025015-00025239 last higher than the first fire we have
+56UPPq0yph4-00096-00025240-00025407 studies to that fact
+56UPPq0yph4-00097-00025408-00025711 is anybody familiar with those studies
+56UPPq0yph4-00098-00025712-00025846 we have studies out of new york and
+56UPPq0yph4-00099-00025847-00026031 other places that show
+56UPPq0yph4-00100-00026032-00026295 that an african american
+56UPPq0yph4-00101-00026295-00026567 without a criminal record
+56UPPq0yph4-00102-00026568-00026743 is less likely to be
+56UPPq0yph4-00103-00026744-00026951 than a white
+56UPPq0yph4-00104-00026952-00027735 with the criminal record
+56UPPq0yph4-00105-00027736-00027951 for the effect
+56UPPq0yph4-00106-00027952-00028083 think about
+56UPPq0yph4-00107-00028083-00028487 that then when a recession comes
+56UPPq0yph4-00108-00028488-00028718 that group of us that is
+56UPPq0yph4-00109-00028719-00029062 employed becomes the first fire
+56UPPq0yph4-00110-00029063-00029279 and the last highest
+56UPPq0yph4-00111-00029280-00029502 so we suffer
+56UPPq0yph4-00112-00029504-00029790 during downturns
+56UPPq0yph4-00113-00029791-00030135 and we just experienced a major downturn
+56UPPq0yph4-00114-00030136-00030302 this downturn
+56UPPq0yph4-00115-00030304-00030535 could only be compared to
+56UPPq0yph4-00116-00030536-00030655 i'm talking about what happened in
+56UPPq0yph4-00117-00030656-00030783 november
+56UPPq0yph4-00118-00030783-00031135 and december um ringtone
+56UPPq0yph4-00119-00031136-00031287 and so she's like i can't wait to hear
+56UPPq0yph4-00120-00031288-00031446 my big tone i can't wait
+56UPPq0yph4-00121-00031447-00031599 i'm sorry i'm sorry i'm sorry this is
+56UPPq0yph4-00122-00031600-00031799 writing complaints harassing the
+56UPPq0yph4-00123-00031800-00032031 students
+56UPPq0yph4-00124-00032032-00032174 that sucks just like you have to
+56UPPq0yph4-00125-00032175-00032374 embarrass me i'm so sorry i'm sorry this
+56UPPq0yph4-00126-00032375-00032502 is why i have any friends i don't have
+56UPPq0yph4-00127-00032503-00032655 any friends
+56UPPq0yph4-00128-00032656-00032959 you know just making everything a joke
+56UPPq0yph4-00129-00032960-00033062 but uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00130-00033063-00033262 this downturn could only be compared to
+56UPPq0yph4-00131-00033263-00033383 what
+56UPPq0yph4-00132-00033384-00033615 what other downturns we've had
+56UPPq0yph4-00133-00033616-00033751 the great depression you've actually
+56UPPq0yph4-00134-00033752-00034071 called this recession uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00135-00034072-00034287 huh the great recession right it's one
+56UPPq0yph4-00136-00034288-00034383 of the things they actually got two or
+56UPPq0yph4-00137-00034384-00034559 three different days oh so my colleagues
+56UPPq0yph4-00138-00034560-00034743 coming in jeffrey jeffrey just give us a
+56UPPq0yph4-00139-00034744-00034943 wave now oh okay i i gotta i just can't
+56UPPq0yph4-00140-00034944-00036502 stay long i gotta see what's outside
+56UPPq0yph4-00141-00036503-00036743 you know his bicycle obviously yeah and
+56UPPq0yph4-00142-00036744-00036871 he's getting ready to do his ride and
+56UPPq0yph4-00143-00036872-00036983 everything
+56UPPq0yph4-00144-00036984-00037183 so uh uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00145-00037184-00037351 anyway i was gonna call him lance
+56UPPq0yph4-00146-00037352-00038118 armstrong but lance is not doing that
+56UPPq0yph4-00147-00038119-00038639 he is a non-juicer he's all natural
+56UPPq0yph4-00148-00038640-00038783 you're welcome
+56UPPq0yph4-00149-00038784-00039023 all right uh and so african americans
+56UPPq0yph4-00150-00039024-00039151 have really suffered in this and i'm
+56UPPq0yph4-00151-00039152-00039279 going to tell you all i couldn't
+56UPPq0yph4-00152-00039280-00039407 describe what's happening i was in a
+56UPPq0yph4-00153-00039408-00039574 public place
+56UPPq0yph4-00154-00039575-00039751 and i just
+56UPPq0yph4-00155-00039752-00040102 i just it was like i zoned out
+56UPPq0yph4-00156-00040103-00040335 and i looked at my phone
+56UPPq0yph4-00157-00040336-00040535 i just began staring at my phone
+56UPPq0yph4-00158-00040536-00040711 don't go off right now
+56UPPq0yph4-00159-00040712-00040967 trying to do the prop thing
+56UPPq0yph4-00160-00040968-00041111 and i started calling people all around
+56UPPq0yph4-00161-00041112-00041518 this country
+56UPPq0yph4-00162-00041519-00042062 professors that i knew
+56UPPq0yph4-00163-00042063-00042287 in washington dc i called margaret simms
+56UPPq0yph4-00164-00042288-00042462 dr martin sanders
+56UPPq0yph4-00165-00042463-00042630 at the urban institute i called up the
+56UPPq0yph4-00166-00042631-00042862 harvard to talk to
+56UPPq0yph4-00167-00042863-00043062 we and julius wilson
+56UPPq0yph4-00168-00043063-00043239 i called for
+56UPPq0yph4-00169-00043240-00043390 professor uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00170-00043391-00043662 glenn lower
+56UPPq0yph4-00171-00043663-00043918 i called local people up here i called
+56UPPq0yph4-00172-00043919-00044102 for the doctor dad spratman some of the
+56UPPq0yph4-00173-00044103-00044271 i'm sorry the doctor that's wrapping a
+56UPPq0yph4-00174-00044272-00044495 dick off him too he responded i'm trying
+56UPPq0yph4-00175-00044496-00044679 to push him off i called for william
+56UPPq0yph4-00176-00044680-00044895 bradford i wanted the best minds to come
+56UPPq0yph4-00177-00044896-00045039 together to describe the crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00178-00045040-00045158 african-americans and because i knew
+56UPPq0yph4-00179-00045159-00045430 people wouldn't take my word for it
+56UPPq0yph4-00180-00045431-00045630 and most of them didn't call me back the
+56UPPq0yph4-00181-00045631-00045879 worst of it was that i got to uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00182-00045880-00045990 dc
+56UPPq0yph4-00183-00045991-00046118 in august
+56UPPq0yph4-00184-00046119-00046327 and i went out to see margaret sims
+56UPPq0yph4-00185-00046328-00046487 personally because she was like i'm too
+56UPPq0yph4-00186-00046488-00046655 busy right now
+56UPPq0yph4-00187-00046656-00046887 and so here i have flown out there to
+56UPPq0yph4-00188-00046888-00047023 take part in another conference i've
+56UPPq0yph4-00189-00047024-00047183 walked all the way over to her office
+56UPPq0yph4-00190-00047184-00047527 i'm on the floor
+56UPPq0yph4-00191-00047528-00047702 ladies and
+56UPPq0yph4-00192-00047703-00047774 that's what i gentlemen charles
+56UPPq0yph4-00193-00047775-00047895 that's why you don't like it i'm telling
+56UPPq0yph4-00194-00047896-00048079 you right right except well i mean
+56UPPq0yph4-00195-00048080-00048230 bothering people
+56UPPq0yph4-00196-00048231-00048455 and i went up to see margaret sam she
+56UPPq0yph4-00197-00048456-00048646 was in the office
+56UPPq0yph4-00198-00048647-00048774 and i said i just want to talk to her
+56UPPq0yph4-00199-00048775-00048990 just briefly and the secretary came back
+56UPPq0yph4-00200-00048991-00049207 and said she's too busy to come out and
+56UPPq0yph4-00201-00049208-00049335 me i said no just you know shake her
+56UPPq0yph4-00202-00049336-00049407 hand
+56UPPq0yph4-00203-00049408-00049543 she's too busy
+56UPPq0yph4-00204-00049544-00049686 too busy
+56UPPq0yph4-00205-00049687-00049895 i'm from seattle well i'm sorry she said
+56UPPq0yph4-00206-00049896-00050471 she's doing
+56UPPq0yph4-00207-00050472-00051046 but the local professors responded
+56UPPq0yph4-00208-00051047-00051390 charles jeffress
+56UPPq0yph4-00209-00051391-00051663 dr dad spratley
+56UPPq0yph4-00210-00051664-00051882 and uh some of the names are right here
+56UPPq0yph4-00211-00051883-00052142 five and i called them together because
+56UPPq0yph4-00212-00052144-00052326 i i figured they understood this
+56UPPq0yph4-00213-00052327-00052550 situation enough
+56UPPq0yph4-00214-00052551-00052799 and they could help me um
+56UPPq0yph4-00215-00052800-00052966 they could help me put a crisis document
+56UPPq0yph4-00216-00052967-00053287 together we ended up over about a eight
+56UPPq0yph4-00217-00053288-00053463 nine month period
+56UPPq0yph4-00218-00053464-00053575 uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00219-00053576-00053719 putting together something that we call
+56UPPq0yph4-00220-00053720-00053935 a crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00221-00053936-00054199 uh the need for immediate an immediate
+56UPPq0yph4-00222-00054200-00054399 response
+56UPPq0yph4-00223-00054400-00054663 to the economic housing and educational
+56UPPq0yph4-00224-00054664-00054942 crisis the greater black seattle it was
+56UPPq0yph4-00225-00054944-00055054 called
+56UPPq0yph4-00226-00055055-00055238 a crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00227-00055239-00055407 a crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00228-00055408-00055550 the need
+56UPPq0yph4-00229-00055551-00055823 for an immediate response
+56UPPq0yph4-00230-00055824-00056054 to the economic
+56UPPq0yph4-00231-00056055-00056263 housing and educational crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00232-00056264-00056511 in greater black seattle
+56UPPq0yph4-00233-00056512-00056711 intend to take this to tacoma and put on
+56UPPq0yph4-00234-00056712-00056823 the road and i'm hoping as many
+56UPPq0yph4-00235-00056824-00057030 professors can join me and we'll do it
+56UPPq0yph4-00236-00057032-00057119 together
+56UPPq0yph4-00237-00057120-00057382 i'm hoping to uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00238-00057383-00057559 launch a kind of a development center
+56UPPq0yph4-00239-00057560-00057719 behind us that will house all these
+56UPPq0yph4-00240-00057720-00057975 documents that we're coming up with
+56UPPq0yph4-00241-00057976-00058415 and finding online and other places hard
+56UPPq0yph4-00242-00058416-00058615 you know just uh hard copy books and all
+56UPPq0yph4-00243-00058616-00058703 of that
+56UPPq0yph4-00244-00058704-00058823 and libraries you can help me with
+56UPPq0yph4-00245-00058824-00059079 anything you find on development i uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00246-00059079-00059303 you know i'm trying to uh have a go-to
+56UPPq0yph4-00247-00059304-00059430 place
+56UPPq0yph4-00248-00059432-00059582 and um
+56UPPq0yph4-00249-00059583-00059735 and anything you all want to do to help
+56UPPq0yph4-00250-00059736-00059863 me with this development center i've
+56UPPq0yph4-00251-00059864-00060023 already offered it to
+56UPPq0yph4-00252-00060024-00060119 the
+56UPPq0yph4-00253-00060120-00060326 president of our school but so far he
+56UPPq0yph4-00254-00060327-00060487 hasn't really i don't think he quite
+56UPPq0yph4-00255-00060488-00060726 sees the effectiveness of it but i walk
+56UPPq0yph4-00256-00060727-00060991 around with a uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00257-00060991-00061111 with a uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00258-00061112-00061391 uh hand truck sometimes
+56UPPq0yph4-00259-00061391-00061559 because i want people to know that heard
+56UPPq0yph4-00260-00061560-00061823 it from the concept stage but i'm not
+56UPPq0yph4-00261-00061824-00062047 stopping
+56UPPq0yph4-00262-00062048-00062206 i'm not so i have to
+56UPPq0yph4-00263-00062207-00062550 i have to uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00264-00062551-00062711 i have to get this done so i can relax
+56UPPq0yph4-00265-00062712-00062879 and go to other things
+56UPPq0yph4-00266-00062879-00063038 so it's so that's the center doesn't
+56UPPq0yph4-00267-00063039-00063182 look like a senator just a hand truck
+56UPPq0yph4-00268-00063183-00063391 with a lot of stuff on it and i'll take
+56UPPq0yph4-00269-00063391-00063550 it over there to panera or
+56UPPq0yph4-00270-00063551-00063687 whatever wherever i'm having meetings
+56UPPq0yph4-00271-00063688-00063935 with people just entering now is dr thad
+56UPPq0yph4-00272-00063936-00064079 spratlin
+56UPPq0yph4-00273-00064079-00064271 and uh the conversations i've had with
+56UPPq0yph4-00274-00064272-00064487 dr thad spratt but here's this gentleman
+56UPPq0yph4-00275-00064488-00064663 right here i always like to put his name
+56UPPq0yph4-00276-00064664-00064887 up there first because if we gotta write
+56UPPq0yph4-00277-00064888-00065047 anything
+56UPPq0yph4-00278-00065048-00065230 nobody will write more nobody will do
+56UPPq0yph4-00279-00065232-00065463 more research than dr that's right
+56UPPq0yph4-00280-00065464-00065679 nobody will do the hardest way
+56UPPq0yph4-00281-00065680-00066079 than him and uh and i appreciate that
+56UPPq0yph4-00282-00066080-00066247 he brings the highest levels of
+56UPPq0yph4-00283-00066248-00066535 scholarship and academic rigor
+56UPPq0yph4-00284-00066536-00066782 to whatever we do so that
+56UPPq0yph4-00285-00066783-00067015 it will be um
+56UPPq0yph4-00286-00067016-00067279 we will make arguments that can stand
+56UPPq0yph4-00287-00067280-00067431 and so i just want to honor him and
+56UPPq0yph4-00288-00067432-00067655 anytime you want for dr jefferies to
+56UPPq0yph4-00289-00067656-00067855 come in and say something
+56UPPq0yph4-00290-00067856-00067982 and in the meantime you just say hi
+56UPPq0yph4-00291-00067983-00068831 there
+56UPPq0yph4-00292-00068832-00068967 tell you what happened
+56UPPq0yph4-00293-00068968-00069143 i was bringing the professors together
+56UPPq0yph4-00294-00069144-00069375 because i just wanted a paragraph
+56UPPq0yph4-00295-00069376-00069575 i told you we did a 37 page document i
+56UPPq0yph4-00296-00069576-00069767 just wanted a paragraph we were going to
+56UPPq0yph4-00297-00069768-00069943 stand to a press conference and then i
+56UPPq0yph4-00298-00069944-00070238 heard a voice go well i i really think
+56UPPq0yph4-00299-00070239-00070487 that we're going to have to do articles
+56UPPq0yph4-00300-00070488-00070703 dr that's right
+56UPPq0yph4-00301-00070704-00070911 and then he said uh i'll have mine ready
+56UPPq0yph4-00302-00070912-00071238 in two weeks he was not playing
+56UPPq0yph4-00303-00071239-00071726 and then after he produced a
+56UPPq0yph4-00304-00071727-00071871 the article he said you know what i
+56UPPq0yph4-00305-00071872-00072079 don't think now given the direction
+56UPPq0yph4-00306-00072080-00072271 we've taken that this is the most
+56UPPq0yph4-00307-00072272-00072423 relevant article
+56UPPq0yph4-00308-00072424-00072750 i'm going to rewrite it
+56UPPq0yph4-00309-00072751-00072950 do you know how much help that is
+56UPPq0yph4-00310-00072951-00073159 i'm going to rewrite it to make it even
+56UPPq0yph4-00311-00073160-00073335 more applicable
+56UPPq0yph4-00312-00073336-00073550 to where we're going with this so i just
+56UPPq0yph4-00313-00073551-00073775 uh take my hat off to you
+56UPPq0yph4-00314-00073776-00073943 and thank you so much
+56UPPq0yph4-00315-00073944-00074150 for what you're doing for the community
+56UPPq0yph4-00316-00074151-00074350 and many told me dopey she said you know
+56UPPq0yph4-00317-00074351-00074894 what kind of style he did
+56UPPq0yph4-00318-00074895-00075094 all right
+56UPPq0yph4-00319-00075095-00075455 and so we produced the 37 page document
+56UPPq0yph4-00320-00075456-00075647 and then uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00321-00075648-00075855 i was glad to allow these professors to
+56UPPq0yph4-00322-00075856-00075999 go to the other things they're working
+56UPPq0yph4-00323-00076000-00076182 on take a break the holidays have come
+56UPPq0yph4-00324-00076183-00076287 up
+56UPPq0yph4-00325-00076288-00076494 and so uh we got to the point now to
+56UPPq0yph4-00326-00076495-00076671 figure out what to do with it so phase
+56UPPq0yph4-00327-00076672-00076806 one
+56UPPq0yph4-00328-00076807-00077119 was to come up with a crisis document
+56UPPq0yph4-00329-00077120-00077311 phase two is to bring that bringing
+56UPPq0yph4-00330-00077312-00077487 professors together so that's all p's
+56UPPq0yph4-00331-00077488-00077623 anybody that had me in the classroom
+56UPPq0yph4-00332-00077624-00077887 knows that i'm into alliteration just
+56UPPq0yph4-00333-00077888-00078047 way too much
+56UPPq0yph4-00334-00078048-00078319 so the first phase was the professors
+56UPPq0yph4-00335-00078320-00078615 second phase was the policy makers
+56UPPq0yph4-00336-00078616-00078806 bring the document to the policy makers
+56UPPq0yph4-00337-00078807-00078967 to try to get
+56UPPq0yph4-00338-00078968-00079182 something like a stimulus
+56UPPq0yph4-00339-00079183-00079447 give stimulus stimuli to everybody else
+56UPPq0yph4-00340-00079448-00079703 something like a stimulus to a community
+56UPPq0yph4-00341-00079704-00079975 that is so often forgotten i like what
+56UPPq0yph4-00342-00079976-00080279 uh from dr samuel barry mckinney says
+56UPPq0yph4-00343-00080280-00080543 let me go forward a little bit
+56UPPq0yph4-00344-00080544-00080750 uh dad and minnie and all y'all this is
+56UPPq0yph4-00345-00080751-00080903 going to be so
+56UPPq0yph4-00346-00080904-00081303 you're so used to hearing this
+56UPPq0yph4-00347-00081304-00081519 is that him that's him
+56UPPq0yph4-00348-00081520-00081662 that's him
+56UPPq0yph4-00349-00081663-00081871 we're the last the least the lost the
+56UPPq0yph4-00350-00081872-00082071 left out
+56UPPq0yph4-00351-00082072-00082255 and the locked up and i add the locked
+56UPPq0yph4-00352-00082256-00082455 out
+56UPPq0yph4-00353-00082456-00082615 like a little chihuahua kind of he's a
+56UPPq0yph4-00354-00082616-00083199 big you know girl
+56UPPq0yph4-00355-00083200-00083375 you guys know a part of the street is
+56UPPq0yph4-00356-00083376-00083615 named after him
+56UPPq0yph4-00357-00083616-00083743 and uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00358-00083744-00083999 yeah that says it that says
+56UPPq0yph4-00359-00084000-00084206 so who will speak for them who will
+56UPPq0yph4-00360-00084207-00084367 advocate for them
+56UPPq0yph4-00361-00084368-00084662 who will remember them
+56UPPq0yph4-00362-00084663-00084847 must they always make their arguments
+56UPPq0yph4-00363-00084848-00085231 alone
+56UPPq0yph4-00364-00085232-00085687 last to be heard
+56UPPq0yph4-00365-00085688-00085871 so we are trying to
+56UPPq0yph4-00366-00085872-00086167 amass a type of vicinity
+56UPPq0yph4-00367-00086168-00086471 in support of addressing part of us
+56UPPq0yph4-00368-00086472-00086726 the senate likes to
+56UPPq0yph4-00369-00086727-00086882 who suffer the
+56UPPq0yph4-00370-00086883-00087255 most in good times
+56UPPq0yph4-00371-00087256-00087462 and really suffered in death and down
+56UPPq0yph4-00372-00087463-00087567 times
+56UPPq0yph4-00373-00087568-00087687 it said in the african-american
+56UPPq0yph4-00374-00087688-00087855 community when the country gets a cold
+56UPPq0yph4-00375-00087856-00088191 we get
+56UPPq0yph4-00376-00088192-00088359 pneumonia
+56UPPq0yph4-00377-00088360-00088487 when the country gets cold we get
+56UPPq0yph4-00378-00088488-00088662 pneumonia
+56UPPq0yph4-00379-00088663-00088815 and so that's that's what's that's
+56UPPq0yph4-00380-00088816-00088943 what's going on
+56UPPq0yph4-00381-00088944-00089175 and so that's how this movement launched
+56UPPq0yph4-00382-00089176-00089431 and so i went back to the professors
+56UPPq0yph4-00383-00089432-00089679 uh in
+56UPPq0yph4-00384-00089680-00090038 uh about april
+56UPPq0yph4-00385-00090039-00090494 of 2014
+56UPPq0yph4-00386-00090495-00090703 and i said professors y'all gonna help
+56UPPq0yph4-00387-00090704-00090823 me
+56UPPq0yph4-00388-00090824-00091159 i'm taking our document to the policy
+56UPPq0yph4-00389-00091160-00091462 and i'm not getting much action
+56UPPq0yph4-00390-00091463-00091631 and i think we need a press conference
+56UPPq0yph4-00391-00091632-00091791 news conference
+56UPPq0yph4-00392-00091792-00092055 so that we can we can give this thing a
+56UPPq0yph4-00393-00092056-00092215 wave
+56UPPq0yph4-00394-00092216-00092623 and at the time we had about seven props
+56UPPq0yph4-00395-00092624-00092815 and at this point five of them responded
+56UPPq0yph4-00396-00092816-00092911 these
+56UPPq0yph4-00397-00092912-00093175 five uh back here
+56UPPq0yph4-00398-00093176-00093359 and so that's what that news conference
+56UPPq0yph4-00399-00093360-00093815 was all about
+56UPPq0yph4-00400-00093816-00094055 so we had the news conference we held
+56UPPq0yph4-00401-00094056-00094199 the news conference
+56UPPq0yph4-00402-00094200-00094382 in may
+56UPPq0yph4-00403-00094383-00094791 uh the 28th day 2014.
+56UPPq0yph4-00404-00094792-00094903 the mayor
+56UPPq0yph4-00405-00094904-00095071 came
+56UPPq0yph4-00406-00095072-00095271 and really made the difference
+56UPPq0yph4-00407-00095272-00095574 no television press showed up except
+56UPPq0yph4-00408-00095575-00095799 for seattle central and thank you sir i
+56UPPq0yph4-00409-00095800-00096031 really appreciate it
+56UPPq0yph4-00410-00096032-00096135 uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00411-00096136-00096287 the uh the television meeting didn't
+56UPPq0yph4-00412-00096288-00096487 come this stranger came and wrote an
+56UPPq0yph4-00413-00096488-00096647 article on it
+56UPPq0yph4-00414-00096648-00096855 uh the uh it's not the collegiate
+56UPPq0yph4-00415-00096856-00096999 anymore what's the name of our city
+56UPPq0yph4-00416-00097000-00097135 circuit
+56UPPq0yph4-00417-00097136-00097231 i'm sorry
+56UPPq0yph4-00418-00097232-00097471 city circuit did an article on it and
+56UPPq0yph4-00419-00097472-00097671 the black press don't leave out the
+56UPPq0yph4-00420-00097672-00097831 black press lord
+56UPPq0yph4-00421-00097832-00097974 uh because the business will let you
+56UPPq0yph4-00422-00097975-00098143 know on the radio
+56UPPq0yph4-00423-00098144-00098359 and so the black press showed up the
+56UPPq0yph4-00424-00098360-00098559 medium did an article on it so we got
+56UPPq0yph4-00425-00098560-00098735 that but but the beautiful thing that
+56UPPq0yph4-00426-00098736-00098950 happened is that the mayor showed up
+56UPPq0yph4-00427-00098951-00099118 and the mayor said he's only going to
+56UPPq0yph4-00428-00099119-00099343 stay about 20 minutes to make a state an
+56UPPq0yph4-00429-00099344-00099455 hour
+56UPPq0yph4-00430-00099456-00099591 there were big things happening at the
+56UPPq0yph4-00431-00099592-00099767 time really appreciate that
+56UPPq0yph4-00432-00099768-00099959 i uh i think i had some misgivings when
+56UPPq0yph4-00433-00099960-00100206 the mayor came into office i didn't vote
+56UPPq0yph4-00434-00100207-00100503 for the mayor i told him
+56UPPq0yph4-00435-00100504-00100815 ah this mayor in my opinion is good and
+56UPPq0yph4-00436-00100816-00101038 i hope i'm not offending the professors
+56UPPq0yph4-00437-00101039-00101287 working with us on this we were rather
+56UPPq0yph4-00438-00101288-00101431 impressed i think that the mayor did
+56UPPq0yph4-00439-00101432-00101591 stay as long as it did
+56UPPq0yph4-00440-00101592-00101862 when the mayor said what the mayor said
+56UPPq0yph4-00441-00101863-00102006 uh which was
+56UPPq0yph4-00442-00102007-00102318 this uh statement in here
+56UPPq0yph4-00443-00102319-00102839 uh invite me back in a year
+56UPPq0yph4-00444-00102840-00103054 to report on the progress
+56UPPq0yph4-00445-00103055-00103278 you guys put down
+56UPPq0yph4-00446-00103279-00103606 somewhere around the 28th 2015. i gotta
+56UPPq0yph4-00447-00103607-00103727 give it to professors so that we can
+56UPPq0yph4-00448-00103728-00103894 find the idea of time because they may
+56UPPq0yph4-00449-00103895-00104063 say listen that should be made it should
+56UPPq0yph4-00450-00104064-00104182 be april or something and then we're
+56UPPq0yph4-00451-00104183-00104351 gonna you know kind of work these things
+56UPPq0yph4-00452-00104352-00104558 out together so so it may not exactly be
+56UPPq0yph4-00453-00104559-00104647 made
+56UPPq0yph4-00454-00104648-00104847 but we're going to uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00455-00104848-00105102 ask the demand to come back
+56UPPq0yph4-00456-00105103-00105423 all right that when he said that
+56UPPq0yph4-00457-00105424-00105854 he offered it on his own he volunteered
+56UPPq0yph4-00458-00105855-00106095 it was wonderful and that's like this
+56UPPq0yph4-00459-00106096-00106310 mayor's first six months this mayor from
+56UPPq0yph4-00460-00106311-00106607 an african-american perspective
+56UPPq0yph4-00461-00106608-00106751 this thing has been really good he has
+56UPPq0yph4-00462-00106752-00107015 given support to africa
+56UPPq0yph4-00463-00107016-00107215 and he did support he gave support to
+56UPPq0yph4-00464-00107216-00107423 the african town movement
+56UPPq0yph4-00465-00107424-00107607 the white king and some of the younger
+56UPPq0yph4-00466-00107608-00107783 people that are pushing
+56UPPq0yph4-00467-00107783-00108166 and don mason a former state legislator
+56UPPq0yph4-00468-00108167-00108351 has uh pushed it too
+56UPPq0yph4-00469-00108352-00108566 he gave support to that even though they
+56UPPq0yph4-00470-00108567-00108815 made the mistake
+56UPPq0yph4-00471-00108816-00108966 of saying and i think it's one of our
+56UPPq0yph4-00472-00108967-00109199 former students that said
+56UPPq0yph4-00473-00109200-00109343 calling in the
+56UPPq0yph4-00474-00109344-00109519 when they were occupying
+56UPPq0yph4-00475-00109520-00109823 the horse man building
+56UPPq0yph4-00476-00109824-00109966 called in and said
+56UPPq0yph4-00477-00109967-00110263 hey don't have your police come by
+56UPPq0yph4-00478-00110264-00110423 uh you know we got people walking around
+56UPPq0yph4-00479-00110424-00110631 the building with a hair trigger
+56UPPq0yph4-00480-00110632-00110847 and we don't want no problems exactly
+56UPPq0yph4-00481-00110848-00111039 the wrong thing to say
+56UPPq0yph4-00482-00111040-00111254 and we said that uh right before mayor
+56UPPq0yph4-00483-00111255-00111383 mcgann left
+56UPPq0yph4-00484-00111383-00111543 authorized the police go in and stormed
+56UPPq0yph4-00485-00111544-00111695 the building kick them out they had
+56UPPq0yph4-00486-00111696-00111863 occupied that building for about six
+56UPPq0yph4-00487-00111864-00111999 months i think
+56UPPq0yph4-00488-00112000-00112286 trying to have it become african towns
+56UPPq0yph4-00489-00112288-00112431 headquarters
+56UPPq0yph4-00490-00112432-00112590 because they feel like we got it we had
+56UPPq0yph4-00491-00112591-00112751 a chinatown now it's an international
+56UPPq0yph4-00492-00112752-00112902 district
+56UPPq0yph4-00493-00112903-00113047 and there are certain other things that
+56UPPq0yph4-00494-00113048-00113263 are kind of ethnically focused that we
+56UPPq0yph4-00495-00113264-00113510 have that are recognized by
+56UPPq0yph4-00496-00113511-00113654 a city
+56UPPq0yph4-00497-00113655-00113799 why couldn't we have something
+56UPPq0yph4-00498-00113800-00114015 recognized by a city so that we can get
+56UPPq0yph4-00499-00114016-00114247 some kind of uh institution more
+56UPPq0yph4-00500-00114248-00114447 institutional support to build the
+56UPPq0yph4-00501-00114448-00114566 community that's where they're coming
+56UPPq0yph4-00502-00114567-00114734 from they're using the research of
+56UPPq0yph4-00503-00114735-00114871 claude anderson
+56UPPq0yph4-00504-00114872-00115254 a former math uh professor i think k-12
+56UPPq0yph4-00505-00115255-00115527 but just to think that he's a thinker
+56UPPq0yph4-00506-00115528-00115695 he's written a number of books one of
+56UPPq0yph4-00507-00115696-00115847 which is powernomics and there's
+56UPPq0yph4-00508-00115848-00116063 actually now an aeronautics movement he
+56UPPq0yph4-00509-00116064-00116207 comes from detroit anybody heard of
+56UPPq0yph4-00510-00116208-00116454 cloud anderson before
+56UPPq0yph4-00511-00116455-00116695 okay and so claude anderson was the one
+56UPPq0yph4-00512-00116696-00116878 that talked talked up africans
+56UPPq0yph4-00513-00116879-00117023 paranomics book
+56UPPq0yph4-00514-00117024-00117175 and i don't know if you remember the
+56UPPq0yph4-00515-00117176-00117431 first mid-man march
+56UPPq0yph4-00516-00117432-00117654 cloud emerson movement was large enough
+56UPPq0yph4-00517-00117655-00117799 that far khan asked him to speak from
+56UPPq0yph4-00518-00117800-00117934 the cities
+56UPPq0yph4-00519-00117935-00118158 and he's only done more since then
+56UPPq0yph4-00520-00118159-00118415 and so claude anderson
+56UPPq0yph4-00521-00118416-00118607 a math teacher
+56UPPq0yph4-00522-00118608-00118919 is really pushing
+56UPPq0yph4-00523-00118920-00119078 private economics small business
+56UPPq0yph4-00524-00119079-00119190 investment development in
+56UPPq0yph4-00525-00119191-00119366 african-american communities
+56UPPq0yph4-00526-00119367-00119519 since we got a capitalist country
+56UPPq0yph4-00527-00119520-00119702 doesn't mean it means to bring economic
+56UPPq0yph4-00528-00119703-00119831 development
+56UPPq0yph4-00529-00119832-00120078 and so the african town people he's
+56UPPq0yph4-00530-00120079-00120247 their main site
+56UPPq0yph4-00531-00120248-00120431 all right uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00532-00120432-00120631 the mayor didn't back away from it after
+56UPPq0yph4-00533-00120632-00120895 that i thought as a politician he would
+56UPPq0yph4-00534-00120896-00121063 but he didn't
+56UPPq0yph4-00535-00121064-00121295 and i guess he's given some support now
+56UPPq0yph4-00536-00121296-00121495 he's got to go to the city council
+56UPPq0yph4-00537-00121496-00121647 of naming some of the streets i don't
+56UPPq0yph4-00538-00121648-00121734 know if they're going to do martin
+56UPPq0yph4-00539-00121735-00121839 luther king
+56UPPq0yph4-00540-00121840-00121958 up in the central area i don't know if
+56UPPq0yph4-00541-00121959-00122102 they're going to do 23rd in central air
+56UPPq0yph4-00542-00122103-00122223 i don't know they're going to do union i
+56UPPq0yph4-00543-00122224-00122319 don't know if they're going to do all of
+56UPPq0yph4-00544-00122320-00122399 them
+56UPPq0yph4-00545-00122400-00122519 that's african town they're going to
+56UPPq0yph4-00546-00122520-00122663 start putting up banners and things like
+56UPPq0yph4-00547-00122664-00122910 that and their talks underway to give
+56UPPq0yph4-00548-00122911-00123151 the aftertown movement
+56UPPq0yph4-00549-00123152-00123447 that fire station that's on 23rd
+56UPPq0yph4-00550-00123448-00123783 and yes
+56UPPq0yph4-00551-00123783-00123990 so this is big the mayor's talking about
+56UPPq0yph4-00552-00123991-00124143 if the mayor does that now he's made
+56UPPq0yph4-00553-00124144-00124327 provisional commitments he gets sent to
+56UPPq0yph4-00554-00124328-00124599 the city council he'll have done more
+56UPPq0yph4-00555-00124600-00124814 and whatever months he's done it that
+56UPPq0yph4-00556-00124815-00124990 any african-american i'm sorry to any
+56UPPq0yph4-00557-00124991-00125119 mayor that i know of for the
+56UPPq0yph4-00558-00125120-00125278 african-american community there just
+56UPPq0yph4-00559-00125279-00125439 hasn't been that much done
+56UPPq0yph4-00560-00125440-00125583 the closer you're going to get i think
+56UPPq0yph4-00561-00125583-00125807 is mayor rice i'll say more on this a
+56UPPq0yph4-00562-00125808-00126047 little bit with his reconciliation
+56UPPq0yph4-00563-00126048-00126223 project how many of y'all remember that
+56UPPq0yph4-00564-00126224-00126454 you know how you do all this stuff
+56UPPq0yph4-00565-00126455-00126678 well i went to garfield and i knew
+56UPPq0yph4-00566-00126679-00126847 people who knew people and are you just
+56UPPq0yph4-00567-00126848-00127014 part of the community i've been here all
+56UPPq0yph4-00568-00127015-00127175 my life yeah you're proud of the century
+56UPPq0yph4-00569-00127176-00127302 yeah are you
+56UPPq0yph4-00570-00127303-00127575 partly african american no no okay but
+56UPPq0yph4-00571-00127576-00127751 in culture and culture though you know
+56UPPq0yph4-00572-00127752-00127990 about your partner go to yeah i do a lot
+56UPPq0yph4-00573-00127991-00128207 yeah there you go okay good glad to be
+56UPPq0yph4-00574-00128208-00128407 here glad you're here
+56UPPq0yph4-00575-00128408-00128527 all right
+56UPPq0yph4-00576-00128528-00128766 okay so now um
+56UPPq0yph4-00577-00128767-00128943 so now i want to give you this update
+56UPPq0yph4-00578-00128944-00129078 and let me kind of hit these power
+56UPPq0yph4-00579-00129079-00129175 points
+56UPPq0yph4-00580-00129176-00129334 and then what i'll do is i'm going to
+56UPPq0yph4-00581-00129335-00129510 try to stop
+56UPPq0yph4-00582-00129511-00129766 at 35 after so i'm going to try to race
+56UPPq0yph4-00583-00129767-00129863 through the problems you're just not
+56UPPq0yph4-00584-00129864-00130063 going to take enough notes
+56UPPq0yph4-00585-00130064-00130239 i'm going to try to race through
+56UPPq0yph4-00586-00130240-00130414 and then i'll give my colleagues a
+56UPPq0yph4-00587-00130415-00130558 chance to say anything they want to say
+56UPPq0yph4-00588-00130559-00130678 uh jeffreys you might have to leave
+56UPPq0yph4-00589-00130679-00130783 before that so if you want to say
+56UPPq0yph4-00590-00130783-00130958 something you said now oh okay okay so
+56UPPq0yph4-00591-00130959-00131102 i'm not trying to say something else
+56UPPq0yph4-00592-00131103-00131175 yeah
+56UPPq0yph4-00593-00131176-00131271 okay
+56UPPq0yph4-00594-00131272-00131478 um you know it's really great to um see
+56UPPq0yph4-00595-00131479-00131727 some folks turn around here um in terms
+56UPPq0yph4-00596-00131728-00131895 of um
+56UPPq0yph4-00597-00131896-00132119 folks different ethnicities coming i
+56UPPq0yph4-00598-00132120-00132278 hope you're not just looking for extra
+56UPPq0yph4-00599-00132279-00132471 credit
+56UPPq0yph4-00600-00132472-00132599 but a lot of my students are getting
+56UPPq0yph4-00601-00132600-00132799 extra credit
+56UPPq0yph4-00602-00132800-00132927 take them anywhere i can get them you
+56UPPq0yph4-00603-00132928-00133087 know what i mean that's okay too you
+56UPPq0yph4-00604-00133088-00133287 know in terms of my focus on the whole
+56UPPq0yph4-00605-00133288-00133599 in this educational aspect that's right
+56UPPq0yph4-00606-00133600-00133687 you know
+56UPPq0yph4-00607-00133688-00133863 like economically speaking there's a
+56UPPq0yph4-00608-00133864-00134007 direct relationship with the level of
+56UPPq0yph4-00609-00134008-00134199 education living
+56UPPq0yph4-00610-00134200-00134447 and you know in terms of
+56UPPq0yph4-00611-00134448-00134614 raising that standard of living and
+56UPPq0yph4-00612-00134615-00134831 particularly in the lower high schools
+56UPPq0yph4-00613-00134832-00135054 and stuff getting more of our kids in
+56UPPq0yph4-00614-00135055-00135247 honors programs
+56UPPq0yph4-00615-00135248-00135414 okay and getting in terms that's that's
+56UPPq0yph4-00616-00135415-00135614 where um that's where everything's at
+56UPPq0yph4-00617-00135615-00135702 you know
+56UPPq0yph4-00618-00135703-00135935 because garfield has more national merit
+56UPPq0yph4-00619-00135936-00136502 scholars anybody in the state wow
+56UPPq0yph4-00620-00136503-00136751 they've always yeah okay
+56UPPq0yph4-00621-00136752-00136887 right a lot of people don't don't
+56UPPq0yph4-00622-00136888-00137047 realize that you know national mayor
+56UPPq0yph4-00623-00137048-00137223 scholars those people start scrolling
+56UPPq0yph4-00624-00137224-00137527 top highest scores on the psat
+56UPPq0yph4-00625-00137528-00137711 okay you know when you hear garfield you
+56UPPq0yph4-00626-00137712-00137878 don't hear that you know your
+56UPPq0yph4-00627-00137879-00138166 shootings and gang activity and so you
+56UPPq0yph4-00628-00138167-00138254 know
+56UPPq0yph4-00629-00138255-00138551 everything's in place where um positive
+56UPPq0yph4-00630-00138552-00138766 things can happen uh right now we just
+56UPPq0yph4-00631-00138767-00138990 need more people like yourself you know
+56UPPq0yph4-00632-00138991-00139199 who are conscientious who want to make
+56UPPq0yph4-00633-00139200-00139414 change because when one group of people
+56UPPq0yph4-00634-00139415-00139647 go up everybody looks up
+56UPPq0yph4-00635-00139648-00139775 you know it's not just well we're just
+56UPPq0yph4-00636-00139776-00139943 going to feel sorry for these people you
+56UPPq0yph4-00637-00139944-00140063 know help them
+56UPPq0yph4-00638-00140064-00140207 but you're helping yourself in the long
+56UPPq0yph4-00639-00140208-00140366 run you know that's one thing you always
+56UPPq0yph4-00640-00140367-00140463 have to remember because we're all
+56UPPq0yph4-00641-00140464-00140631 interconnected
+56UPPq0yph4-00642-00140632-00140775 and i think my thing is always missing
+56UPPq0yph4-00643-00140776-00140975 here
+56UPPq0yph4-00644-00140976-00141111 okay
+56UPPq0yph4-00645-00141112-00141247 wifey was having a problem you guys
+56UPPq0yph4-00646-00141248-00141471 could have problems you were saying uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00647-00141472-00141559 you know
+56UPPq0yph4-00648-00141560-00141743 at some point and most people race they
+56UPPq0yph4-00649-00141744-00142102 don't like asians
+56UPPq0yph4-00650-00142103-00142271 you know so the thing is you know that's
+56UPPq0yph4-00651-00142272-00142407 the only point
+56UPPq0yph4-00652-00142408-00142663 and that's why you you have a vested
+56UPPq0yph4-00653-00142664-00142807 interest
+56UPPq0yph4-00654-00142808-00143087 in doing as much as you can uh for the
+56UPPq0yph4-00655-00143088-00143231 cause because in the long run you're
+56UPPq0yph4-00656-00143232-00143375 helping yourself out what's more
+56UPPq0yph4-00657-00143376-00143678 important helping your kids out yeah
+56UPPq0yph4-00658-00143679-00143871 okay any questions
+56UPPq0yph4-00659-00143872-00144175 any questions of professor jefferson
+56UPPq0yph4-00660-00144176-00144390 he's a bicyclist and anyone i'm just
+56UPPq0yph4-00661-00144391-00144614 glad he showed up anything they do for
+56UPPq0yph4-00662-00144615-00144790 this movement just means so much because
+56UPPq0yph4-00663-00144791-00145023 i know how busy they are
+56UPPq0yph4-00664-00145024-00145247 all right uh reasons for the news
+56UPPq0yph4-00665-00145248-00145407 conference i already told you you know
+56UPPq0yph4-00666-00145408-00145526 to uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00667-00145527-00145983 to uh to take the uh professor's work
+56UPPq0yph4-00668-00145984-00146199 declaring the crisis and calling for
+56UPPq0yph4-00669-00146200-00146302 action
+56UPPq0yph4-00670-00146303-00146535 immediate response to address it to take
+56UPPq0yph4-00671-00146536-00146663 that and to
+56UPPq0yph4-00672-00146664-00146919 begin to policymake
+56UPPq0yph4-00673-00146920-00147151 to come up with policy to provide
+56UPPq0yph4-00674-00147152-00147319 something like a stimulus man or a big
+56UPPq0yph4-00675-00147320-00147495 one you know that'll make a difference
+56UPPq0yph4-00676-00147496-00147678 i'm thinking at least too many that'll
+56UPPq0yph4-00677-00147679-00147823 go straight to african-american
+56UPPq0yph4-00678-00147824-00147975 businesses and then of course we had
+56UPPq0yph4-00679-00147976-00148199 housing and educational things
+56UPPq0yph4-00680-00148200-00148390 that we were also calling for
+56UPPq0yph4-00681-00148391-00148511 and uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00682-00148512-00148663 and jeffrey's mentioned some of the
+56UPPq0yph4-00683-00148664-00148919 educational stuff and uh the details of
+56UPPq0yph4-00684-00148920-00149071 the news conference we'll kind of get to
+56UPPq0yph4-00685-00149072-00149271 in a little bit i'll show you the agenda
+56UPPq0yph4-00686-00149272-00149399 and then the mayor made that great
+56UPPq0yph4-00687-00149400-00149590 gesture
+56UPPq0yph4-00688-00149591-00150039 that was the uh agenda
+56UPPq0yph4-00689-00150040-00150239 we tried to kind of let everybody say a
+56UPPq0yph4-00690-00150240-00150478 little something we had uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00691-00150479-00150631 one uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00692-00150632-00150902 council person i was disappointed in my
+56UPPq0yph4-00693-00150903-00151031 colleague uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00694-00151032-00151247 shaman sawan i expected i wanted her to
+56UPPq0yph4-00695-00151248-00151478 be there if anybody has influence with
+56UPPq0yph4-00696-00151479-00151559 her
+56UPPq0yph4-00697-00151560-00151695 i already told them i'm a little
+56UPPq0yph4-00698-00151696-00151983 disappointed and i got no response
+56UPPq0yph4-00699-00151984-00152271 and
+56UPPq0yph4-00700-00152272-00152519 i want her to be there
+56UPPq0yph4-00701-00152520-00152790 and i want a good connection with indian
+56UPPq0yph4-00702-00152791-00153095 americans and uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00703-00153096-00153263 concerned about what we're going through
+56UPPq0yph4-00704-00153264-00153454 and not just what the poor are going
+56UPPq0yph4-00705-00153455-00153559 through
+56UPPq0yph4-00706-00153560-00153751 but sometimes we get left out when we
+56UPPq0yph4-00707-00153752-00153935 trust the poor
+56UPPq0yph4-00708-00153936-00154183 and she didn't send anybody and i went
+56UPPq0yph4-00709-00154184-00154383 to the office about five times mostly
+56UPPq0yph4-00710-00154384-00154654 walking downtown
+56UPPq0yph4-00711-00154655-00154783 out of class
+56UPPq0yph4-00712-00154784-00154951 so if you know her and you're friends
+56UPPq0yph4-00713-00154952-00155119 with her would you let her know that i'm
+56UPPq0yph4-00714-00155120-00155302 going to sit in my head
+56UPPq0yph4-00715-00155303-00155502 and uh you know this is a big deal you
+56UPPq0yph4-00716-00155503-00155647 know i'm putting everything i got into
+56UPPq0yph4-00717-00155648-00155807 this thing
+56UPPq0yph4-00718-00155808-00156095 so be here later than supporter
+56UPPq0yph4-00719-00156096-00156295 i intend to be there and if something
+56UPPq0yph4-00720-00156296-00156502 happens and i can't make it
+56UPPq0yph4-00721-00156503-00156671 y'all say you know professor livingston
+56UPPq0yph4-00722-00156672-00156959 is a little upset about that
+56UPPq0yph4-00723-00156960-00157159 uh but i'm proud of her too don't get me
+56UPPq0yph4-00724-00157160-00157351 wrong i'm so proud i just didn't see it
+56UPPq0yph4-00725-00157352-00157551 coming that she could win
+56UPPq0yph4-00726-00157552-00157823 man she's just her her victory was
+56UPPq0yph4-00727-00157824-00158023 amazing so i give her credit for that
+56UPPq0yph4-00728-00158024-00158239 and i'm glad for what she is doing to
+56UPPq0yph4-00729-00158240-00158551 help the working poor and and the uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00730-00158552-00158839 those that are struggling to make to
+56UPPq0yph4-00731-00158840-00159087 make it on uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00732-00159088-00159326 you know just the average workers wage
+56UPPq0yph4-00733-00159327-00159566 uh pamela banks showed up with the urban
+56UPPq0yph4-00734-00159567-00159783 league and the willis ricky was sort of
+56UPPq0yph4-00735-00159784-00160159 at the the pastor's uh association
+56UPPq0yph4-00736-00160160-00160343 in seattle the pastor's ministerial
+56UPPq0yph4-00737-00160344-00160526 alliance for king county
+56UPPq0yph4-00738-00160527-00160719 all right just some disturbing facts and
+56UPPq0yph4-00739-00160720-00160902 come back for those later
+56UPPq0yph4-00740-00160903-00161054 here's the syllogism we were working
+56UPPq0yph4-00741-00161055-00161383 with is there should be a space there
+56UPPq0yph4-00742-00161384-00161639 i just called it syllogism a i guess
+56UPPq0yph4-00743-00161640-00161926 there is a space there and let me
+56UPPq0yph4-00744-00161927-00162071 take it out of the
+56UPPq0yph4-00745-00162072-00162287 presentation for me
+56UPPq0yph4-00746-00162288-00162599 a people's economic crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00747-00162600-00162823 results in educational disparities and
+56UPPq0yph4-00748-00162824-00163126 shelter needs and vice versa that's a
+56UPPq0yph4-00749-00163127-00163319 major premise the minor premises black
+56UPPq0yph4-00750-00163320-00163478 seattle lights
+56UPPq0yph4-00751-00163479-00163759 are people in the economic crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00752-00163760-00163926 and then what follows from that is that
+56UPPq0yph4-00753-00163927-00164126 black seattle light's economic crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00754-00164127-00164295 has resulted
+56UPPq0yph4-00755-00164296-00164543 in educational
+56UPPq0yph4-00756-00164544-00164783 disparities and shelter needs and you
+56UPPq0yph4-00757-00164784-00164999 get here put the phones vibrated
+56UPPq0yph4-00758-00165000-00165151 and vice versa
+56UPPq0yph4-00759-00165152-00165231 so
+56UPPq0yph4-00760-00165232-00165487 that's kind of one of the syllogisms
+56UPPq0yph4-00761-00165488-00165799 we're coming from
+56UPPq0yph4-00762-00165800-00165959 all right gotta take a picture of that
+56UPPq0yph4-00763-00165960-00166126 or anything oh and if you guys want this
+56UPPq0yph4-00764-00166127-00166335 powerpoint somebody if somebody could
+56UPPq0yph4-00765-00166336-00166614 just pass a sheet of paper
+56UPPq0yph4-00766-00166615-00166839 around that'll probably be more helpful
+56UPPq0yph4-00767-00166840-00167454 that in my writing my emails now
+56UPPq0yph4-00768-00167455-00167751 oh that is a much better idea because
+56UPPq0yph4-00769-00167752-00167975 she's so responsible and good on email
+56UPPq0yph4-00770-00167976-00168083 and i'm
+56UPPq0yph4-00771-00168084-00168287 terrible i mean like they say don't
+56UPPq0yph4-00772-00168288-00168719 solve a terrible mural
+56UPPq0yph4-00773-00168720-00169054 okay here's syllogism b
+56UPPq0yph4-00774-00169055-00169143 uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00775-00169144-00169359 whenever any groups underemployment
+56UPPq0yph4-00776-00169360-00169678 nears great depression levels
+56UPPq0yph4-00777-00169679-00169895 government must respond with strong
+56UPPq0yph4-00778-00169896-00170047 stimulus
+56UPPq0yph4-00779-00170048-00170207 or stimuli
+56UPPq0yph4-00780-00170208-00170502 that group's economic crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00781-00170503-00170751 note the great depression program
+56UPPq0yph4-00782-00170752-00170838 no
+56UPPq0yph4-00783-00170839-00171126 great recession tarps one and two
+56UPPq0yph4-00784-00171127-00171407 and other things done
+56UPPq0yph4-00785-00171408-00171695 so so we have done this
+56UPPq0yph4-00786-00171696-00171878 seattle area african americans
+56UPPq0yph4-00787-00171879-00172087 unemployment is near break depression
+56UPPq0yph4-00788-00172088-00172326 levels there's something called the race
+56UPPq0yph4-00789-00172327-00172519 and social justice initiative anybody
+56UPPq0yph4-00790-00172520-00172823 ever heard of him in city seattle yes
+56UPPq0yph4-00791-00172824-00173238 the race and social justice initiative
+56UPPq0yph4-00792-00173239-00173390 did a
+56UPPq0yph4-00793-00173391-00173814 report around 2006
+56UPPq0yph4-00794-00173815-00173990 no no i gotta back it up i guess that
+56UPPq0yph4-00795-00173991-00174335 reports closer to about 2009
+56UPPq0yph4-00796-00174336-00174535 because it takes into account the great
+56UPPq0yph4-00797-00174536-00174671 recession
+56UPPq0yph4-00798-00174672-00174951 and in it they say that very thing
+56UPPq0yph4-00799-00174952-00175183 that african american
+56UPPq0yph4-00800-00175184-00175559 is at great depression levels
+56UPPq0yph4-00801-00175560-00175775 so i think that helps
+56UPPq0yph4-00802-00175776-00176047 provide a basis for this civilization
+56UPPq0yph4-00803-00176048-00176183 the conclusion is the government must
+56UPPq0yph4-00804-00176184-00176399 respond strong stimulus but did they do
+56UPPq0yph4-00805-00176400-00176566 it no
+56UPPq0yph4-00806-00176567-00176638 no
+56UPPq0yph4-00807-00176639-00176838 what i get is that african-americans
+56UPPq0yph4-00808-00176839-00177111 just part of the lagging indicators
+56UPPq0yph4-00809-00177112-00177366 you just don't know how much that hurts
+56UPPq0yph4-00810-00177367-00177535 it's like saying
+56UPPq0yph4-00811-00177536-00177831 we know they have special needs
+56UPPq0yph4-00812-00177832-00177983 we know they're going to be the last one
+56UPPq0yph4-00813-00177984-00178399 coming out but what can you do
+56UPPq0yph4-00814-00178400-00178559 and that just brings tears in my eyes
+56UPPq0yph4-00815-00178560-00178726 because when it was the soldiers coming
+56UPPq0yph4-00816-00178727-00178847 back home
+56UPPq0yph4-00817-00178848-00179014 even before they got into
+56UPPq0yph4-00818-00179015-00179231 underemployment status
+56UPPq0yph4-00819-00179232-00179487 obama came up with something for them
+56UPPq0yph4-00820-00179488-00180007 when it was the banks getting ready to
+56UPPq0yph4-00821-00180008-00180166 when it was gm
+56UPPq0yph4-00822-00180167-00180519 ford and cr
+56UPPq0yph4-00823-00180520-00180687 when it was going saying we might leave
+56UPPq0yph4-00824-00180688-00180902 down south and ain't still getting down
+56UPPq0yph4-00825-00180903-00181095 and parking
+56UPPq0yph4-00826-00181096-00181263 we come up with something for them but
+56UPPq0yph4-00827-00181264-00181454 not why why not
+56UPPq0yph4-00828-00181455-00181735 why not african americans suffering so
+56UPPq0yph4-00829-00181736-00181863 uniquely
+56UPPq0yph4-00830-00181864-00182038 maybe we don't care as much about them
+56UPPq0yph4-00831-00182039-00182263 as we care about others maybe their pain
+56UPPq0yph4-00832-00182264-00182487 is not like our pain
+56UPPq0yph4-00833-00182488-00182743 maybe um
+56UPPq0yph4-00834-00182744-00182911 maybe we just won't be that brother's
+56UPPq0yph4-00835-00182912-00183511 keeper
+56UPPq0yph4-00836-00183512-00183647 all right let's skip that that's a
+56UPPq0yph4-00837-00183648-00183799 little bit more on them
+56UPPq0yph4-00838-00183800-00184054 some facts to back it there's mckinney's
+56UPPq0yph4-00839-00184055-00184183 statement
+56UPPq0yph4-00840-00184184-00184366 hey how did i get there
+56UPPq0yph4-00841-00184367-00184495 what's happening is this thing out of
+56UPPq0yph4-00842-00184496-00184614 order
+56UPPq0yph4-00843-00184615-00185038 oh that goes way in the end
+56UPPq0yph4-00844-00185039-00185423 all right so let's go back up here
+56UPPq0yph4-00845-00185424-00186071 okay
+56UPPq0yph4-00846-00186072-00186207 all right
+56UPPq0yph4-00847-00186208-00186559 so we had this meeting and it was great
+56UPPq0yph4-00848-00186560-00186783 and the mayor was fantastic
+56UPPq0yph4-00849-00186784-00186959 and so then the mayor said
+56UPPq0yph4-00850-00186960-00187095 you're going to start meeting with my
+56UPPq0yph4-00851-00187096-00187254 staff
+56UPPq0yph4-00852-00187255-00187431 and so we had three meetings so far at
+56UPPq0yph4-00853-00187432-00187678 least first meeting we have with the
+56UPPq0yph4-00854-00187679-00187935 deputy mayor head kim brian serrat
+56UPPq0yph4-00855-00187936-00188054 office
+56UPPq0yph4-00856-00188055-00188231 and uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00857-00188232-00188423 they asked that tough question that i
+56UPPq0yph4-00858-00188424-00188647 didn't want to address at the at the
+56UPPq0yph4-00859-00188648-00188783 news conference that some of you left
+56UPPq0yph4-00860-00188784-00188911 few students wondering what are you
+56UPPq0yph4-00861-00188912-00189095 going to do making me feel like hey you
+56UPPq0yph4-00862-00189096-00189223 know they called for crisis but they
+56UPPq0yph4-00863-00189224-00189383 have enough answer
+56UPPq0yph4-00864-00189384-00189575 i couldn't at that time we couldn't as
+56UPPq0yph4-00865-00189576-00189790 professors come out with the answer
+56UPPq0yph4-00866-00189791-00189895 because we already had people
+56UPPq0yph4-00867-00189896-00190054 criticizing us every time we came up
+56UPPq0yph4-00868-00190055-00190223 with an answer we had the pastors
+56UPPq0yph4-00869-00190224-00190471 criticize us we had to urbanly criticize
+56UPPq0yph4-00870-00190472-00190575 that saying
+56UPPq0yph4-00871-00190576-00190863 why are you proposing a plan
+56UPPq0yph4-00872-00190864-00191063 acting as if you've got the community
+56UPPq0yph4-00873-00191064-00191287 support on the plan you don't have that
+56UPPq0yph4-00874-00191288-00191526 yeah pretty much true
+56UPPq0yph4-00875-00191527-00191695 and the reason why is because whenever
+56UPPq0yph4-00876-00191696-00191911 we make these meetings people go so what
+56UPPq0yph4-00877-00191912-00192031 do you want to do and i don't want to
+56UPPq0yph4-00878-00192032-00192247 just sit there looking dumb
+56UPPq0yph4-00879-00192248-00192375 so i said well we could have a
+56UPPq0yph4-00880-00192376-00192487 conference
+56UPPq0yph4-00881-00192488-00192766 to garner a type of a stimulus and if we
+56UPPq0yph4-00882-00192767-00192919 don't have the money with in the
+56UPPq0yph4-00883-00192920-00193102 government's conference why don't we get
+56UPPq0yph4-00884-00193103-00193295 businesses to pony up money they're
+56UPPq0yph4-00885-00193296-00193519 already doing contracting if they just
+56UPPq0yph4-00886-00193520-00193799 shifted a little bit
+56UPPq0yph4-00887-00193800-00193975 20 or 30 of them towards
+56UPPq0yph4-00888-00193976-00194143 african-american businesses that are
+56UPPq0yph4-00889-00194144-00194359 falling do you guys know catfish car
+56UPPq0yph4-00890-00194360-00194559 just closed yeah
+56UPPq0yph4-00891-00194560-00194702 do you guys know what kind of history
+56UPPq0yph4-00892-00194703-00194966 catfish corner has in that blood
+56UPPq0yph4-00893-00194967-00195287 60 plus years am i right about that
+56UPPq0yph4-00894-00195288-00195495 who cares
+56UPPq0yph4-00895-00195496-00195814 and that didn't bring so many downturns
+56UPPq0yph4-00896-00195815-00196159 and now god the job's gone that's the
+56UPPq0yph4-00897-00196160-00196375 kind of thing we're talking about
+56UPPq0yph4-00898-00196376-00196647 and so um every time i would come up
+56UPPq0yph4-00899-00196648-00196902 with just a proposal a suggestion i had
+56UPPq0yph4-00900-00196903-00197095 the inertia from those that don't want
+56UPPq0yph4-00901-00197096-00197247 to do anything
+56UPPq0yph4-00902-00197248-00197526 getting on the phone calling others down
+56UPPq0yph4-00903-00197527-00197719 to urban league calling the the pastors
+56UPPq0yph4-00904-00197720-00197902 and going do you guys know carl lewis
+56UPPq0yph4-00905-00197903-00198078 acting in your name up here
+56UPPq0yph4-00906-00198079-00198223 and i started learning new things about
+56UPPq0yph4-00907-00198224-00198423 how things get done and how difficult it
+56UPPq0yph4-00908-00198424-00198599 is to make change
+56UPPq0yph4-00909-00198600-00198895 because there are a lot of people
+56UPPq0yph4-00910-00198896-00199119 that don't want to do it because helping
+56UPPq0yph4-00911-00199120-00199350 the african immunity is so difficult so
+56UPPq0yph4-00912-00199351-00199447 knobby
+56UPPq0yph4-00913-00199448-00199550 they feel like you're going to waste
+56UPPq0yph4-00914-00199551-00199807 good money and we don't have money
+56UPPq0yph4-00915-00199808-00200031 we don't have money to waste for sure
+56UPPq0yph4-00916-00200032-00200295 so we got start getting kicked back
+56UPPq0yph4-00917-00200296-00200543 and so um
+56UPPq0yph4-00918-00200544-00200750 so it's been a big challenge in the
+56UPPq0yph4-00919-00200751-00200983 second meeting they kind of shifted
+56UPPq0yph4-00920-00200984-00201159 first kim took the lead she's a
+56UPPq0yph4-00921-00201160-00201287 wonderful person
+56UPPq0yph4-00922-00201288-00201438 she's a wonderful person but they're all
+56UPPq0yph4-00923-00201439-00201631 new at the time we first started and
+56UPPq0yph4-00924-00201632-00201735 they were trying to figure out so what
+56UPPq0yph4-00925-00201736-00201878 are you trying to do what
+56UPPq0yph4-00926-00201879-00201999 he wants to do
+56UPPq0yph4-00927-00202000-00202231 and got us in that discussion of kind of
+56UPPq0yph4-00928-00202232-00202399 outside of what professors do as
+56UPPq0yph4-00929-00202400-00202583 professors what we were doing is making
+56UPPq0yph4-00930-00202584-00202766 the case for the crisis
+56UPPq0yph4-00931-00202767-00202966 and just generally suggesting kind of
+56UPPq0yph4-00932-00202967-00203119 what could be done but we were trying
+56UPPq0yph4-00933-00203120-00203375 not to offer specific solutions we said
+56UPPq0yph4-00934-00203376-00203519 that's what your policymakers do you're
+56UPPq0yph4-00935-00203520-00203687 good at it you're supposed to be serving
+56UPPq0yph4-00936-00203688-00203799 the same
+56UPPq0yph4-00937-00203800-00203902 report they're part of seattle
+56UPPq0yph4-00938-00203903-00204119 installment that's what you do
+56UPPq0yph4-00939-00204120-00204350 and they were coming back to us saying
+56UPPq0yph4-00940-00204351-00204575 no you give us ideas that sounds soft
+56UPPq0yph4-00941-00204576-00204750 and then when you give an idea someone
+56UPPq0yph4-00942-00204751-00204862 running back
+56UPPq0yph4-00943-00204863-00205006 had the worst problem i'm just going to
+56UPPq0yph4-00944-00205007-00205158 go ahead and say
+56UPPq0yph4-00945-00205159-00205334 i had the worst problem
+56UPPq0yph4-00946-00205335-00205519 with the seattle office of economic
+56UPPq0yph4-00947-00205519-00205727 development
+56UPPq0yph4-00948-00205728-00205879 and
+56UPPq0yph4-00949-00205880-00206062 now you would think that the office of
+56UPPq0yph4-00950-00206063-00206846 economic development
+56UPPq0yph4-00951-00206848-00207166 i need economic development
+56UPPq0yph4-00952-00207167-00207390 so i went to the office and uh
+56UPPq0yph4-00953-00207391-00207558 it was rough
+56UPPq0yph4-00954-00207559-00207679 they didn't even want me to meet with
+56UPPq0yph4-00955-00207680-00207903 the director of it
+56UPPq0yph4-00956-00207904-00208086 the african-americans there said no you
+56UPPq0yph4-00957-00208087-00208246 meet with us i said no i we don't
+56UPPq0yph4-00958-00208248-00208414 generally just
+56UPPq0yph4-00959-00208415-00208631 receive no's from people underneath the
+56UPPq0yph4-00960-00208632-00208831 head and walk away i got to meet with
+56UPPq0yph4-00961-00208832-00208975 the head actually you don't even have to
+56UPPq0yph4-00962-00208976-00209086 help me meet with the head i couldn't
+56UPPq0yph4-00963-00209087-00209310 give it to anybody i came to you out of
+56UPPq0yph4-00964-00209311-00209471 respect because you're african americans
+56UPPq0yph4-00965-00209471-00209679 now i'm really happy that you're there
+56UPPq0yph4-00966-00209680-00209831 but you meet with us and basically
+56UPPq0yph4-00967-00209832-00209998 telling you we can't do anything bad and
+56UPPq0yph4-00968-00210000-00210206 we will not declare a crisis so you're
+56UPPq0yph4-00969-00210207-00210358 the office of economic development if
+56UPPq0yph4-00970-00210359-00210615 they're in crisis and you say something
+56UPPq0yph4-00971-00210616-00210751 it'll make the news and they make a
+56UPPq0yph4-00972-00210752-00210934 difference this is serious well we're
+56UPPq0yph4-00973-00210935-00211063 not going to go through all that and do
+56UPPq0yph4-00974-00211064-00211127 it
+56UPPq0yph4-00975-00211128-00211351 i didn't even know african-american see
+56UPPq0yph4-00976-00211352-00211534 one of my problems is that i get worked
+56UPPq0yph4-00977-00211535-00211703 up you know something emotional about
+56UPPq0yph4-00978-00211704-00211903 this because i think about the people
+56UPPq0yph4-00979-00211904-00212271 that i know that are looking for jobs
+56UPPq0yph4-00980-00212271-00212463 i got some homeless uh you know i'm also
+56UPPq0yph4-00981-00212464-00212782 a pastor too right i got homeless
+56UPPq0yph4-00982-00212783-00212942 20 year olds and stuff
+56UPPq0yph4-00983-00212944-00213103 okay
+56UPPq0yph4-00984-00213104-00213303 so anyway we had the third meeting and
+56UPPq0yph4-00985-00213304-00213487 the third meeting it was like we didn't
+56UPPq0yph4-00986-00213488-00213710 have the second meeting and i could see
+56UPPq0yph4-00987-00213711-00214031 that they had picked a new person and we
+56UPPq0yph4-00988-00214032-00214239 and ryan sarah and the others were like
+56UPPq0yph4-00989-00214240-00214398 i don't know about whether or not we can
+56UPPq0yph4-00990-00214400-00214510 do anything
+56UPPq0yph4-00991-00214511-00214727 so
+56UPPq0yph4-00992-00214728-00214967 i went to the mayor uh the mayor was
+56UPPq0yph4-00993-00214967-00215279 speaking at another he had he called a
+56UPPq0yph4-00994-00215280-00215471 press conference a news conference for
+56UPPq0yph4-00995-00215471-00215598 something he was doing
+56UPPq0yph4-00996-00215600-00215855 invited me as with some others or at
+56UPPq0yph4-00997-00215856-00216023 least i found out about it invited those
+56UPPq0yph4-00998-00216023-00216231 from my group and i showed up
+56UPPq0yph4-00999-00216232-00216406 and at the end i came and said hey mr
+56UPPq0yph4-01000-00216407-00216534 may i don't know if you know but the
+56UPPq0yph4-01001-00216535-00216871 whole thing that you said
+56UPPq0yph4-01002-00216871-00217023 you were going to make some results on
+56UPPq0yph4-01003-00217023-00217198 which is so wonderful he said he's
+56UPPq0yph4-01004-00217200-00217463 pretty much dead boy
+56UPPq0yph4-01005-00217464-00217679 he said really
+56UPPq0yph4-01006-00217680-00217887 he said well why don't you contact my
+56UPPq0yph4-01007-00217888-00218094 personal secretary and talk with me
+56UPPq0yph4-01008-00218096-00218255 about what happened
+56UPPq0yph4-01009-00218256-00218439 which was wonderful
+56UPPq0yph4-01010-00218440-00218575 so that happened
+56UPPq0yph4-01011-00218576-00218751 in four days five days so we had a
+56UPPq0yph4-01012-00218752-00218934 meeting with him told him what happened
+56UPPq0yph4-01013-00218935-00219151 nothing's happened since then but i was
+56UPPq0yph4-01014-00219152-00219406 happy about that the sense that i have
+56UPPq0yph4-01015-00219407-00219687 is that
+56UPPq0yph4-01016-00219688-00219879 we're just gonna have to i'm gonna try
+56UPPq0yph4-01017-00219880-00220063 to talk to the performers not credible
+56UPPq0yph4-01018-00220064-00220255 i'm talking already with professors but
+56UPPq0yph4-01019-00220256-00220439 just beginning that discussion about
+56UPPq0yph4-01020-00220440-00220751 doing something very specific
+56UPPq0yph4-01021-00220752-00221015 uh a conference
+56UPPq0yph4-01022-00221016-00221223 that i was hoping that the policy makers
+56UPPq0yph4-01023-00221223-00221558 would take the leader
+56UPPq0yph4-01024-00221559-00221687 inviting
+56UPPq0yph4-01025-00221688-00221942 business leaders to the conference
+56UPPq0yph4-01026-00221944-00222519 and
+56UPPq0yph4-01027-00222519-00222758 say hey business leaders as the city of
+56UPPq0yph4-01028-00222759-00222951 seattle we're already looking at how we
+56UPPq0yph4-01029-00222952-00223215 could do a better job
+56UPPq0yph4-01030-00223216-00223455 contracting with communities that were
+56UPPq0yph4-01031-00223456-00223655 still in the great position
+56UPPq0yph4-01032-00223656-00223815 and we know we got i-200 so we're not
+56UPPq0yph4-01033-00223816-00223942 trying to do this in any kind of a
+56UPPq0yph4-01034-00223944-00224167 racist way or the favor or giving out
+56UPPq0yph4-01035-00224167-00224342 any kind of
+56UPPq0yph4-01036-00224344-00224623 preferences within all the communities
+56UPPq0yph4-01037-00224623-00224871 that are still in the recession
+56UPPq0yph4-01038-00224871-00225127 african-american communities won
+56UPPq0yph4-01039-00225128-00225279 and so we're looking at what we're doing
+56UPPq0yph4-01040-00225280-00225398 we're going to shift some priorities
+56UPPq0yph4-01041-00225400-00225710 over you all boeing costco the rest of
+56UPPq0yph4-01042-00225711-00225846 you
+56UPPq0yph4-01043-00225848-00226103 could you do what we're doing
+56UPPq0yph4-01044-00226104-00226310 and we're going to try to hit
+56UPPq0yph4-01045-00226311-00226503 businesses that got a track record and
+56UPPq0yph4-01046-00226504-00226710 we're going to work with local community
+56UPPq0yph4-01047-00226711-00226910 groups we have professors that said that
+56UPPq0yph4-01048-00226911-00227103 where they can they'll help
+56UPPq0yph4-01049-00227104-00227239 and we'll see if we can't hit them with
+56UPPq0yph4-01050-00227240-00227487 a quick stimulus to help them out of the
+56UPPq0yph4-01051-00227488-00227646 great business
+56UPPq0yph4-01052-00227648-00227839 so i'm thinking about a two
+56UPPq0yph4-01053-00227840-00227982 two or three day conference or something
+56UPPq0yph4-01054-00227983-00228223 maybe half days fight some speakers down
+56UPPq0yph4-01055-00228223-00228503 they can explain this people like dr
+56UPPq0yph4-01056-00228504-00228679 thad stratton
+56UPPq0yph4-01057-00228680-00228894 and uh see if we couldn't do it so
+56UPPq0yph4-01058-00228896-00229087 that's kind of where it is
+56UPPq0yph4-01059-00229088-00229271 and uh so now i'm gonna open up for
+56UPPq0yph4-01060-00229271-00229406 questions
+56UPPq0yph4-01061-00229407-00229646 uh hopefully some of y'all can help
+56UPPq0yph4-01062-00229648-00229934 you know here's a historic problem
+56UPPq0yph4-01063-00229935-00230079 of an african-american community been
+56UPPq0yph4-01064-00230080-00230271 some periods where it's been good can go
+56UPPq0yph4-01065-00230271-00230463 through that stuff later
+56UPPq0yph4-01066-00230464-00230631 uh but it involves more than the mayor
+56UPPq0yph4-01067-00230632-00230798 and here's some other offices but when i
+56UPPq0yph4-01068-00230800-00231039 go to these offices separately none of
+56UPPq0yph4-01069-00231040-00231206 them wants to do anything they'll say
+56UPPq0yph4-01070-00231207-00231423 you got to have the mayor's support
+56UPPq0yph4-01071-00231423-00231623 mike but what about your office could
+56UPPq0yph4-01072-00231623-00231734 already
+56UPPq0yph4-01073-00231735-00231855 now you gotta get the mayor's support so
+56UPPq0yph4-01074-00231856-00232071 then i'm back at the mayor
+56UPPq0yph4-01075-00232071-00232239 and i'm just not gonna stop and we're
+56UPPq0yph4-01076-00232240-00232406 not gonna stop and hopefully y'all can
+56UPPq0yph4-01077-00232407-00232671 help too why is it like that
+56UPPq0yph4-01078-00232671-00232903 maybe it's racism intentional maybe it's
+56UPPq0yph4-01079-00232904-00233110 into institutional races maybe it's a
+56UPPq0yph4-01080-00233111-00233263 sense that we just can't afford it maybe
+56UPPq0yph4-01081-00233264-00233406 it's because blacks and certain other
+56UPPq0yph4-01082-00233407-00233567 ethnic groups are just lagging
+56UPPq0yph4-01083-00233567-00233710 indicators if you can't really help them
+56UPPq0yph4-01084-00233711-00233919 very much
+56UPPq0yph4-01085-00233919-00234127 because they don't have uh maybe they
+56UPPq0yph4-01086-00234128-00234351 don't have the infrastructure to help or
+56UPPq0yph4-01087-00234352-00234510 all of that
+56UPPq0yph4-01088-00234511-00234671 what about the idea of waste you know
+56UPPq0yph4-01089-00234671-00234798 maybe they don't have the intellectual
+56UPPq0yph4-01090-00234800-00234975 capacity some people still have those
+56UPPq0yph4-01091-00234976-00235087 views
+56UPPq0yph4-01092-00235088-00235279 and then you got silas potter and what
+56UPPq0yph4-01093-00235280-00235479 just happened with the seattle
+56UPPq0yph4-01094-00235480-00235655 uh public school funding and that was
+56UPPq0yph4-01095-00235656-00235798 all over the news and you know there was
+56UPPq0yph4-01096-00235800-00236015 fraud in that program i think he's doing
+56UPPq0yph4-01097-00236016-00236223 jail time now my writer said has he not
+56UPPq0yph4-01098-00236223-00236382 been convicted yet
+56UPPq0yph4-01099-00236383-00236463 yeah
+56UPPq0yph4-01100-00236464-00236663 and i knew the guy he was but i had
+56UPPq0yph4-01101-00236664-00236871 black contractors telling me despite the
+56UPPq0yph4-01102-00236871-00237006 fraud
+56UPPq0yph4-01103-00237007-00237206 we were getting more real work from the
+56UPPq0yph4-01104-00237207-00237406 seattle public schools than everything
+56UPPq0yph4-01105-00237407-00237606 when that dried up that hurt some black
+56UPPq0yph4-01106-00237607-00237791 contractors
+56UPPq0yph4-01107-00237792-00237967 and uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01108-00237967-00238110 some say we're going to community to
+56UPPq0yph4-01109-00238111-00238246 develop the infrastructure we want to
+56UPPq0yph4-01110-00238248-00238398 help it
+56UPPq0yph4-01111-00238400-00238551 but we think that they're socialist
+56UPPq0yph4-01112-00238552-00238710 thinkers they don't even want businesses
+56UPPq0yph4-01113-00238711-00238934 like they're at risk at first
+56UPPq0yph4-01114-00238935-00239103 they got all these different reasons
+56UPPq0yph4-01115-00239104-00239279 what's the real reason maybe it's a
+56UPPq0yph4-01116-00239280-00239623 combination probably
+56UPPq0yph4-01117-00239623-00239887 and uh so the annual meeting is going to
+56UPPq0yph4-01118-00239888-00239982 come up
+56UPPq0yph4-01119-00239983-00240151 what's going to happen we're going to be
+56UPPq0yph4-01120-00240152-00240358 back on the road trying to do something
+56UPPq0yph4-01121-00240359-00240534 to get their attention
+56UPPq0yph4-01122-00240535-00240758 and maybe you guys can help let me stop
+56UPPq0yph4-01123-00240759-00240887 right there because i said i would stop
+56UPPq0yph4-01124-00240888-00241071 at 35 after and
+56UPPq0yph4-01125-00241071-00241206 yeah okay
+56UPPq0yph4-01126-00241207-00241446 and uh uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01127-00241448-00241646 well i just want to say just a couple of
+56UPPq0yph4-01128-00241648-00241798 things
+56UPPq0yph4-01129-00241800-00241942 in the way it
+56UPPq0yph4-01130-00241944-00242094 complements
+56UPPq0yph4-01131-00242096-00242358 that after all this is happening
+56UPPq0yph4-01132-00242359-00242694 in the heart of the city on the campus
+56UPPq0yph4-01133-00242696-00242791 of
+56UPPq0yph4-01134-00242792-00242894 seattle
+56UPPq0yph4-01135-00242896-00243094 community college
+56UPPq0yph4-01136-00243096-00243206 and
+56UPPq0yph4-01137-00243207-00243431 it's not happening at the youth
+56UPPq0yph4-01138-00243432-00243806 is not happening at seattle university
+56UPPq0yph4-01139-00243807-00243982 and any of the other places that you can
+56UPPq0yph4-01140-00243983-00244063 make
+56UPPq0yph4-01141-00244064-00244310 so just want to remind you
+56UPPq0yph4-01142-00244311-00244615 of how important that is how important
+56UPPq0yph4-01143-00244616-00244887 carly is in the effort that he's doing
+56UPPq0yph4-01144-00244888-00245103 and you can see
+56UPPq0yph4-01145-00245104-00245382 how inertia how
+56UPPq0yph4-01146-00245383-00245646 not getting credit and how the people
+56UPPq0yph4-01147-00245648-00245879 that are paying
+56UPPq0yph4-01148-00245880-00246006 paid
+56UPPq0yph4-01149-00246007-00246246 to do their work in development
+56UPPq0yph4-01150-00246248-00246375 and here
+56UPPq0yph4-01151-00246376-00246719 somehow it's hard to bring them out
+56UPPq0yph4-01152-00246719-00246894 to put it on the line
+56UPPq0yph4-01153-00246896-00247206 but i think that what we're building and
+56UPPq0yph4-01154-00247207-00247327 what with
+56UPPq0yph4-01155-00247328-00247510 the kind of response
+56UPPq0yph4-01156-00247511-00247655 and interest
+56UPPq0yph4-01157-00247656-00247839 and going from here
+56UPPq0yph4-01158-00247840-00248030 that yeah
+56UPPq0yph4-01159-00248031-00248191 we're going to make it we're going to
+56UPPq0yph4-01160-00248192-00248342 appreciate it
+56UPPq0yph4-01161-00248344-00248894 any questions of uh dr spring
+56UPPq0yph4-01162-00248896-00249087 this is a big country i wonder if you've
+56UPPq0yph4-01163-00249088-00249319 seen other models similar to what you're
+56UPPq0yph4-01164-00249319-00249575 proposing here any place else in this
+56UPPq0yph4-01165-00249576-00249758 country
+56UPPq0yph4-01166-00249759-00249855 well
+56UPPq0yph4-01167-00249856-00250271 yeah in in another time i mean this
+56UPPq0yph4-01168-00250271-00250430 process of
+56UPPq0yph4-01169-00250431-00250575 grassroots
+56UPPq0yph4-01170-00250576-00250863 community-based development
+56UPPq0yph4-01171-00250864-00250942 i've
+56UPPq0yph4-01172-00250944-00251223 been a part of going all the way back to
+56UPPq0yph4-01173-00251223-00251519 variations of a model city this kind of
+56UPPq0yph4-01174-00251519-00251898 program or at a time when we had
+56UPPq0yph4-01175-00251900-00252127 organizations so one of the problems
+56UPPq0yph4-01176-00252128-00252263 there now
+56UPPq0yph4-01177-00252264-00252575 is in infrastructure and organizations
+56UPPq0yph4-01178-00252576-00252751 that we we don't have
+56UPPq0yph4-01179-00252752-00252910 what we uh just mentioned we don't have
+56UPPq0yph4-01180-00252911-00253119 camp i don't know whether you would
+56UPPq0yph4-01181-00253119-00253358 mention that we don't have
+56UPPq0yph4-01182-00253359-00253646 aspects of what the urban league
+56UPPq0yph4-01183-00253648-00253951 once was able to do and so on so
+56UPPq0yph4-01184-00253952-00254271 we're coming in and saying uh look
+56UPPq0yph4-01185-00254271-00254503 we can count our losses but we're saying
+56UPPq0yph4-01186-00254504-00254687 here's the way out
+56UPPq0yph4-01187-00254688-00255142 and we simply need the people who are
+56UPPq0yph4-01188-00255144-00255342 paid to do this
+56UPPq0yph4-01189-00255344-00255471 to step up
+56UPPq0yph4-01190-00255471-00255734 respond and be supported
+56UPPq0yph4-01191-00255735-00255910 and so that that's where we're going
+56UPPq0yph4-01192-00255911-00256223 over so so yeah there are places and and
+56UPPq0yph4-01193-00256223-00256423 uh and activities that are that are
+56UPPq0yph4-01194-00256423-00256534 going on
+56UPPq0yph4-01195-00256535-00256806 in other cities with economic
+56UPPq0yph4-01196-00256807-00257087 development that we certainly
+56UPPq0yph4-01197-00257088-00257351 would draw on that's why the say the
+56UPPq0yph4-01198-00257352-00257463 keynote
+56UPPq0yph4-01199-00257464-00257710 people the policy makers and folks that
+56UPPq0yph4-01200-00257711-00257919 we were getting into that conference
+56UPPq0yph4-01201-00257919-00258119 will be laying out
+56UPPq0yph4-01202-00258119-00258439 what's so this is doable
+56UPPq0yph4-01203-00258440-00258703 it's not rocket science it takes
+56UPPq0yph4-01204-00258704-00258967 commitment it takes an awareness and a
+56UPPq0yph4-01205-00258967-00259294 willingness to cooperate and not to say
+56UPPq0yph4-01206-00259296-00259503 well we can't do this because it didn't
+56UPPq0yph4-01207-00259504-00259855 start here and we can't get the credit
+56UPPq0yph4-01208-00259856-00260198 and i've seen models with japan with
+56UPPq0yph4-01209-00260200-00260310 atlanta
+56UPPq0yph4-01210-00260311-00260527 and with miami
+56UPPq0yph4-01211-00260528-00260791 uh what happened in japan uh as you get
+56UPPq0yph4-01212-00260792-00261110 around 50 51 or so it was uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01213-00261111-00261271 the united states of america needed
+56UPPq0yph4-01214-00261271-00261487 japan to be economically successful and
+56UPPq0yph4-01215-00261488-00261615 kept this way
+56UPPq0yph4-01216-00261616-00261758 and so they were kind of leaning on
+56UPPq0yph4-01217-00261759-00261919 macarthur to make sure that he stopped
+56UPPq0yph4-01218-00261919-00262071 the communists there
+56UPPq0yph4-01219-00262071-00262295 but they also thought what else can we
+56UPPq0yph4-01220-00262296-00262534 do we need to be a model of economic
+56UPPq0yph4-01221-00262535-00262991 success so some of the armaments
+56UPPq0yph4-01222-00262992-00263223 that we could have purchased
+56UPPq0yph4-01223-00263224-00263510 for ourselves made ourselves and
+56UPPq0yph4-01224-00263511-00263695 the government purchased
+56UPPq0yph4-01225-00263696-00263982 they decided to let the japanese make
+56UPPq0yph4-01226-00263983-00264182 to provide them a type of economic
+56UPPq0yph4-01227-00264183-00264358 stimulus
+56UPPq0yph4-01228-00264359-00264543 as they were in
+56UPPq0yph4-01229-00264544-00264871 the war recession the war depression
+56UPPq0yph4-01230-00264872-00265015 and still trying to get some things
+56UPPq0yph4-01231-00265016-00265127 together
+56UPPq0yph4-01232-00265128-00265375 they also did it in a uniquely japanese
+56UPPq0yph4-01233-00265376-00265519 way which meant that they moved out of
+56UPPq0yph4-01234-00265520-00265663 the way and allowed some of the old
+56UPPq0yph4-01235-00265664-00265871 families that had made money
+56UPPq0yph4-01236-00265872-00266167 back during the time of the emperor's
+56UPPq0yph4-01237-00266168-00266439 leadership and the
+56UPPq0yph4-01238-00266440-00266719 in the war and pro-german way to let
+56UPPq0yph4-01239-00266720-00267095 them come back and lead some things
+56UPPq0yph4-01240-00267096-00267255 and what did it do
+56UPPq0yph4-01241-00267256-00267391 it it it
+56UPPq0yph4-01242-00267392-00267655 helped provide a type of a stimulus and
+56UPPq0yph4-01243-00267656-00267943 the japanese took their miti
+56UPPq0yph4-01244-00267944-00268247 developed their own
+56UPPq0yph4-01245-00268248-00268591 strategic
+56UPPq0yph4-01246-00268592-00268806 export-led growth export-led
+56UPPq0yph4-01247-00268807-00269030 industrialization ideas that make it
+56UPPq0yph4-01248-00269031-00269303 into textbooks and economic political
+56UPPq0yph4-01249-00269304-00269479 economic courses and economic courses of
+56UPPq0yph4-01250-00269480-00269895 various type the other example is
+56UPPq0yph4-01251-00269896-00270047 miami
+56UPPq0yph4-01252-00270048-00270182 when in
+56UPPq0yph4-01253-00270183-00270419 around
+56UPPq0yph4-01254-00270420-00270687 1959 1960
+56UPPq0yph4-01255-00270688-00271030 the lighter-skinned cubans came over
+56UPPq0yph4-01256-00271031-00271247 who were making the money
+56UPPq0yph4-01257-00271248-00271543 over in cuba because of fidel castro
+56UPPq0yph4-01258-00271544-00271679 when he came in
+56UPPq0yph4-01259-00271680-00271927 they got some support from the united
+56UPPq0yph4-01260-00271928-00272087 states of america
+56UPPq0yph4-01261-00272088-00272471 to help them get into business
+56UPPq0yph4-01262-00272472-00272687 in and around miami
+56UPPq0yph4-01263-00272688-00272887 and they took it from there we wanted
+56UPPq0yph4-01264-00272888-00273143 them to be economically successful
+56UPPq0yph4-01265-00273144-00273430 because there were political
+56UPPq0yph4-01266-00273431-00273558 uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01267-00273559-00273782 military gains from that
+56UPPq0yph4-01268-00273783-00273982 that caused people to
+56UPPq0yph4-01269-00273983-00274127 miss
+56UPPq0yph4-01270-00274128-00274303 a more capitalist government over in
+56UPPq0yph4-01271-00274304-00274430 cuba
+56UPPq0yph4-01272-00274431-00274663 now saying wasn't given to the mural of
+56UPPq0yph4-01273-00274664-00274823 boatlift people then the doctors came
+56UPPq0yph4-01274-00274824-00275047 cubans who came over and some of those
+56UPPq0yph4-01275-00275048-00275230 they were labeled as heaven aids and
+56UPPq0yph4-01276-00275231-00275439 labeled as being all criminals and all
+56UPPq0yph4-01277-00275440-00275534 of that
+56UPPq0yph4-01278-00275535-00275695 but we did it for the first group that
+56UPPq0yph4-01279-00275696-00275887 came over and they took it from there
+56UPPq0yph4-01280-00275888-00276055 they need a lot of help
+56UPPq0yph4-01281-00276056-00276175 and thirdly
+56UPPq0yph4-01282-00276176-00276391 you have mayor ferguson i think and i
+56UPPq0yph4-01283-00276392-00276543 get his name wrong you meant you're
+56UPPq0yph4-01284-00276544-00276671 gonna have to help me down you're gonna
+56UPPq0yph4-01285-00276672-00276863 and devil will come to you and let you
+56UPPq0yph4-01286-00276864-00276999 say some things
+56UPPq0yph4-01287-00277000-00277199 um but um
+56UPPq0yph4-01288-00277200-00277423 mayor uh is it for this guy i mix his
+56UPPq0yph4-01289-00277424-00277655 name mater maynard jackson
+56UPPq0yph4-01290-00277656-00277823 oh wow called man ferguson i think he's
+56UPPq0yph4-01291-00277824-00278006 a jazz player
+56UPPq0yph4-01292-00278007-00278175 i think i messed up in my book as well
+56UPPq0yph4-01293-00278176-00278399 as that but mayor
+56UPPq0yph4-01294-00278400-00278575 maynard jackson
+56UPPq0yph4-01295-00278576-00278767 an african american
+56UPPq0yph4-01296-00278768-00279055 when he was mayor
+56UPPq0yph4-01297-00279056-00279310 used all kind of government programming
+56UPPq0yph4-01298-00279311-00279487 and things like that
+56UPPq0yph4-01299-00279488-00279799 to redo the airport and other large
+56UPPq0yph4-01300-00279800-00279991 projects and all and he did it in a way
+56UPPq0yph4-01301-00279992-00280230 that made sure that a lot of african
+56UPPq0yph4-01302-00280231-00280455 americans finally got
+56UPPq0yph4-01303-00280456-00280719 contract
+56UPPq0yph4-01304-00280720-00280934 and what happened an economic
+56UPPq0yph4-01305-00280935-00281230 development economic stimulus
+56UPPq0yph4-01306-00281231-00281391 in atlanta
+56UPPq0yph4-01307-00281392-00281639 and they still look back fondly on those
+56UPPq0yph4-01308-00281640-00281767 days
+56UPPq0yph4-01309-00281768-00281943 in atlanta and other african-american
+56UPPq0yph4-01310-00281944-00282263 communities uh dove uh just
+56UPPq0yph4-01311-00282264-00282423 i don't you didn't see your name in it i
+56UPPq0yph4-01312-00282424-00282615 heard janae look look right here i got
+56UPPq0yph4-01313-00282616-00282775 your name
+56UPPq0yph4-01314-00282776-00283039 and so we're so glad that you're here
+56UPPq0yph4-01315-00283040-00283175 um
+56UPPq0yph4-01316-00283176-00283343 and so uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01317-00283344-00283495 uh professor
+56UPPq0yph4-01318-00283496-00283703 uh esther john i'm supposed to little
+56UPPq0yph4-01319-00283704-00283895 earned the name little dub because of
+56UPPq0yph4-01320-00283896-00284119 what she has done for peace not just
+56UPPq0yph4-01321-00284120-00284423 here but really around the world and so
+56UPPq0yph4-01322-00284424-00284599 i was just so happy that she got
+56UPPq0yph4-01323-00284600-00284734 involved in this
+56UPPq0yph4-01324-00284735-00284887 and so when i came down to do it she had
+56UPPq0yph4-01325-00284888-00285151 so many things going on she said yes
+56UPPq0yph4-01326-00285152-00285430 and that also helped me with uh dr
+56UPPq0yph4-01327-00285431-00285551 spratlen
+56UPPq0yph4-01328-00285552-00285647 because
+56UPPq0yph4-01329-00285648-00285855 uh dad knew me
+56UPPq0yph4-01330-00285856-00285999 but he knew sometimes i could be a
+56UPPq0yph4-01331-00286000-00286119 little dif
+56UPPq0yph4-01332-00286120-00286215 different
+56UPPq0yph4-01333-00286216-00286479 and i said i got the esther uh little
+56UPPq0yph4-01334-00286480-00286919 dub john he said oh yesterday
+56UPPq0yph4-01335-00286920-00287455 go back
+56UPPq0yph4-01336-00287456-00287687 my contribution to this effort is taking
+56UPPq0yph4-01337-00287688-00287871 things from the psychological point of
+56UPPq0yph4-01338-00287872-00287958 view
+56UPPq0yph4-01339-00287959-00288295 and social psychologically speaking the
+56UPPq0yph4-01340-00288296-00288606 implicit attitudes of americans and it
+56UPPq0yph4-01341-00288607-00288815 doesn't even have to be white american
+56UPPq0yph4-01342-00288816-00288982 we've all learned
+56UPPq0yph4-01343-00288983-00289367 to see black people as being bad or
+56UPPq0yph4-01344-00289368-00289551 confident or
+56UPPq0yph4-01345-00289552-00289871 unsavory and we can't help it we grew up
+56UPPq0yph4-01346-00289872-00290127 in american society and if you go online
+56UPPq0yph4-01347-00290128-00290471 you you um just google iat for implicit
+56UPPq0yph4-01348-00290472-00290695 attitudes uh tasks
+56UPPq0yph4-01349-00290696-00290815 you'll be able to take that test
+56UPPq0yph4-01350-00290816-00291030 yourself and see to what extent you've
+56UPPq0yph4-01351-00291031-00291206 been brainwashed by
+56UPPq0yph4-01352-00291207-00291415 american culture which has been spread
+56UPPq0yph4-01353-00291416-00291671 all over the world now so all over the
+56UPPq0yph4-01354-00291672-00291879 world when people see black people they
+56UPPq0yph4-01355-00291880-00292167 see they they fear us
+56UPPq0yph4-01356-00292168-00292406 and the other thing is that cultural
+56UPPq0yph4-01357-00292407-00292687 competency is one of the most important
+56UPPq0yph4-01358-00292688-00292967 basic skills that we can all have
+56UPPq0yph4-01359-00292968-00293095 and that
+56UPPq0yph4-01360-00293096-00293399 that includes the ability to
+56UPPq0yph4-01361-00293400-00293695 see the other as ourselves and to
+56UPPq0yph4-01362-00293696-00293991 empathize with what some people call the
+56UPPq0yph4-01363-00293992-00294247 other and to really have a gut feeling
+56UPPq0yph4-01364-00294248-00294503 that we are all in this together
+56UPPq0yph4-01365-00294504-00294823 and to be able to understand that if
+56UPPq0yph4-01366-00294824-00295023 they're sinking in the water in the
+56UPPq0yph4-01367-00295024-00295239 middle of the pacific ocean because the
+56UPPq0yph4-01368-00295240-00295447 global warm is warming that isn't
+56UPPq0yph4-01369-00295448-00295663 something that doesn't affect us we're
+56UPPq0yph4-01370-00295664-00295895 all going to have the effects of global
+56UPPq0yph4-01371-00295896-00296054 global warming
+56UPPq0yph4-01372-00296055-00296295 and climate change affecting us
+56UPPq0yph4-01373-00296296-00296582 drastically in upcoming years so i think
+56UPPq0yph4-01374-00296583-00296815 it's really important for all of us to
+56UPPq0yph4-01375-00296816-00297054 check our blizzard attitudes and also to
+56UPPq0yph4-01376-00297055-00297271 check our cultural confidence and our
+56UPPq0yph4-01377-00297272-00297534 empathy with the other
+56UPPq0yph4-01378-00297535-00298558 questions
+56UPPq0yph4-01379-00298559-00298695 so i'm really interested in my
+56UPPq0yph4-01380-00298696-00298991 psychological piece but i i i get this
+56UPPq0yph4-01381-00298992-00299199 feeling right i hear this a lot
+56UPPq0yph4-01382-00299200-00299423 that americans uh of course they have
+56UPPq0yph4-01383-00299424-00299615 their implicit assumptions but
+56UPPq0yph4-01384-00299616-00299839 overwhelmingly um especially some young
+56UPPq0yph4-01385-00299840-00300015 people have this view that we should be
+56UPPq0yph4-01386-00300016-00300199 colorblind that americans moved into a
+56UPPq0yph4-01387-00300200-00300415 post-racial society we have a black
+56UPPq0yph4-01388-00300416-00300639 president right
+56UPPq0yph4-01389-00300640-00300919 and and and i think without examining uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01390-00300920-00301119 the plight of death america community
+56UPPq0yph4-01391-00301120-00301287 the lack of opportunity to kind of the
+56UPPq0yph4-01392-00301288-00301519 structural constraints on the african
+56UPPq0yph4-01393-00301520-00301639 american community so do you think that
+56UPPq0yph4-01394-00301640-00301910 this kind of idea this colorblind idea
+56UPPq0yph4-01395-00301911-00302143 uh is really inhibiting
+56UPPq0yph4-01396-00302144-00302271 any kind of tangible economic
+56UPPq0yph4-01397-00302272-00302423 development that's targeted at a
+56UPPq0yph4-01398-00302424-00302623 vulnerable community thank you so very
+56UPPq0yph4-01399-00302624-00302847 much for raising that that question it's
+56UPPq0yph4-01400-00302848-00303071 an excellent question and an excellent
+56UPPq0yph4-01401-00303072-00303215 issue because this idea of
+56UPPq0yph4-01402-00303216-00303479 colorblindness we are not colorblind
+56UPPq0yph4-01403-00303480-00303639 folks
+56UPPq0yph4-01404-00303640-00303863 we're centuries perhaps away from being
+56UPPq0yph4-01405-00303864-00304079 colored lines and there's a lot of work
+56UPPq0yph4-01406-00304080-00304358 that's going to go into actually being
+56UPPq0yph4-01407-00304359-00304479 able to
+56UPPq0yph4-01408-00304480-00304695 treat each other as equals no matter
+56UPPq0yph4-01409-00304696-00305023 what our gender our our class our
+56UPPq0yph4-01410-00305024-00305367 sexual orientation our ability status
+56UPPq0yph4-01411-00305368-00305654 and um so the color blindness thing does
+56UPPq0yph4-01412-00305655-00305847 hurt us because some people think that
+56UPPq0yph4-01413-00305848-00306047 we're calling blind and therefore don't
+56UPPq0yph4-01414-00306048-00306271 pay attention to the real problems that
+56UPPq0yph4-01415-00306272-00306606 are happening based on race class gender
+56UPPq0yph4-01416-00306607-00306975 sexual identity and ability
+56UPPq0yph4-01417-00306976-00307158 i was thinking like how do you
+56UPPq0yph4-01418-00307159-00307367 because i'm really confused like what
+56UPPq0yph4-01419-00307368-00307775 american culture is
+56UPPq0yph4-01420-00307776-00307854 like
+56UPPq0yph4-01421-00307855-00308047 what's the difference between
+56UPPq0yph4-01422-00308048-00308606 american
+56UPPq0yph4-01423-00308607-00308767 you know i would like you to talk more
+56UPPq0yph4-01424-00308768-00308982 about that i'm confused really about
+56UPPq0yph4-01425-00308983-00309095 that you'll see more about your
+56UPPq0yph4-01426-00309096-00309406 confusion no i mean like i come from
+56UPPq0yph4-01427-00309407-00310854 india and
+56UPPq0yph4-01428-00310855-00311071 well coming from india you know what the
+56UPPq0yph4-01429-00311072-00311351 english did to indian culture
+56UPPq0yph4-01430-00311352-00311606 and um the way well and probably indian
+56UPPq0yph4-01431-00311607-00311927 culture had the gradation of colors
+56UPPq0yph4-01432-00311928-00312230 and how people were
+56UPPq0yph4-01433-00312231-00312503 stat given status according to color
+56UPPq0yph4-01434-00312504-00312663 even before the english got there but
+56UPPq0yph4-01435-00312664-00312910 the english exploited the divisions
+56UPPq0yph4-01436-00312911-00313119 between colors the divisions between
+56UPPq0yph4-01437-00313120-00313391 religions and so forth and so
+56UPPq0yph4-01438-00313392-00313830 it's um impossibly a matter of
+56UPPq0yph4-01439-00313831-00314119 being more politically savvy too
+56UPPq0yph4-01440-00314120-00314415 about how these political divisions are
+56UPPq0yph4-01441-00314416-00314806 being used to
+56UPPq0yph4-01442-00314807-00314934 hurt all of us
+56UPPq0yph4-01443-00314935-00315119 and to make
+56UPPq0yph4-01444-00315120-00315471 um social inequalities such that
+56UPPq0yph4-01445-00315472-00315663 uh people are not getting what we all
+56UPPq0yph4-01446-00315664-00315895 deserve as human beings we all deserve
+56UPPq0yph4-01447-00315896-00316223 good education a decent place to live
+56UPPq0yph4-01448-00316224-00316358 decent food
+56UPPq0yph4-01449-00316359-00316527 and access to it
+56UPPq0yph4-01450-00316528-00316775 clean water to drink and not being
+56UPPq0yph4-01451-00316776-00317110 drowned in the waters of global warming
+56UPPq0yph4-01452-00317111-00317239 so um
+56UPPq0yph4-01453-00317240-00317367 so i don't think i answered your
+56UPPq0yph4-01454-00317368-00317534 question i'd love to talk with you about
+56UPPq0yph4-01455-00317535-00317830 it later but um that's my first attempt
+56UPPq0yph4-01456-00317831-00318015 at answering that question thank you for
+56UPPq0yph4-01457-00318016-00318239 raising and please allow me to introduce
+56UPPq0yph4-01458-00318240-00318423 as well the student assistant that's
+56UPPq0yph4-01459-00318424-00318558 kind of helping me
+56UPPq0yph4-01460-00318559-00318710 and she'll be helping us you're going to
+56UPPq0yph4-01461-00318711-00318895 get stuff from hannah kim
+56UPPq0yph4-01462-00318896-00319630 and that's hannah just waiting to ask
+56UPPq0yph4-01463-00319631-00320806 yes
+56UPPq0yph4-01464-00320807-00321039 i know the folks and i'm supporting them
+56UPPq0yph4-01465-00321040-00321239 but i'm concerned about it uh they're
+56UPPq0yph4-01466-00321240-00321527 really close now to getting some real
+56UPPq0yph4-01467-00321528-00321615 uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01468-00321616-00321719 uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01469-00321720-00321887 you know jobs and
+56UPPq0yph4-01470-00321888-00322087 and stuff like that and i want to make
+56UPPq0yph4-01471-00322088-00322223 sure that he's the african-american
+56UPPq0yph4-01472-00322224-00322447 community the last things i've heard
+56UPPq0yph4-01473-00322448-00322599 is uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01474-00322600-00322775 is that there are some questions about
+56UPPq0yph4-01475-00322776-00322934 it i'm getting that from verb language
+56UPPq0yph4-01476-00322935-00323103 but i want you to know
+56UPPq0yph4-01477-00323104-00323279 that i love the people that are involved
+56UPPq0yph4-01478-00323280-00323482 in this effort i have made some of the
+56UPPq0yph4-01479-00323483-00323647 meetings advocated on their behalf some
+56UPPq0yph4-01480-00323648-00323782 of y'all got to go to class and those
+56UPPq0yph4-01481-00323783-00323934 that do you just go ahead and leave
+56UPPq0yph4-01482-00323935-00324151 right now thank you for coming so much
+56UPPq0yph4-01483-00324152-00324927 we appreciate you
+56UPPq0yph4-01484-00324928-00325175 uh what's the gentleman's name that uh
+56UPPq0yph4-01485-00325176-00325487 the asian american children
+56UPPq0yph4-01486-00325488-00325654 he's my friend my name his name is
+56UPPq0yph4-01487-00325655-00326006 escape
+56UPPq0yph4-01488-00326007-00326863 yeah he's a great person
+56UPPq0yph4-01489-00326864-00327111 all right
+577duqrWkEU-00000-00000012-00000069 [Music]
+577duqrWkEU-00001-00000070-00000098 [Applause]
+577duqrWkEU-00002-00000099-00000619 [Music]
+577duqrWkEU-00004-00005663-00006327 [Music]
+577duqrWkEU-00005-00006328-00006383 thank you
+577duqrWkEU-00006-00006384-00006703 it's my honor to be with you eric what's
+577duqrWkEU-00007-00006704-00006959 happening in iran as you know the
+577duqrWkEU-00008-00006959-00007127 government of iran has lost its
+577duqrWkEU-00009-00007128-00007334 credibility among people
+577duqrWkEU-00010-00007336-00007646 and 40 years of oppression the people of
+577duqrWkEU-00011-00007647-00007759 iran are saying
+577duqrWkEU-00012-00007759-00008046 okay we don't want islam yeah actually
+577duqrWkEU-00013-00008047-00008119 we don't want
+577duqrWkEU-00014-00008120-00008446 any religion yeah maybe the next best
+577duqrWkEU-00015-00008447-00008719 option for us will be a democracy a
+577duqrWkEU-00016-00008720-00008878 secular democracy
+577duqrWkEU-00017-00008879-00009231 very very popular yeah in iran the idea
+577duqrWkEU-00018-00009232-00009263 of
+577duqrWkEU-00019-00009264-00009455 let's get rid of this government and
+577duqrWkEU-00020-00009456-00009663 bring secular democracy
+577duqrWkEU-00021-00009664-00009799 but they don't know what it is they
+577duqrWkEU-00022-00009800-00009974 don't know the good good about it they
+577duqrWkEU-00023-00009975-00009999 don't
+577duqrWkEU-00024-00010000-00010255 know bad about it and you uh you're an
+577duqrWkEU-00025-00010256-00010342 expert in this
+577duqrWkEU-00026-00010343-00010487 that's right i don't know if i'm an
+577duqrWkEU-00027-00010488-00010695 expert but i think you know what it is
+577duqrWkEU-00028-00010696-00010959 if you are a real american you
+577duqrWkEU-00029-00010960-00011119 understand
+577duqrWkEU-00030-00011120-00011327 what is liberty what is freedom what is
+577duqrWkEU-00031-00011328-00011551 democracy what is self-government
+577duqrWkEU-00032-00011552-00011855 most americans today don't really
+577duqrWkEU-00033-00011856-00011959 understand this
+577duqrWkEU-00034-00011960-00012191 we have not been teaching this for about
+577duqrWkEU-00035-00012192-00012383 40 or 50 years
+577duqrWkEU-00036-00012384-00012623 when i really began to understand this
+577duqrWkEU-00037-00012624-00012687 in the last
+577duqrWkEU-00038-00012688-00013063 years ten years ago i couldn't believe
+577duqrWkEU-00039-00013063-00013238 that i had lived my life in the united
+577duqrWkEU-00040-00013240-00013503 states not understanding
+577duqrWkEU-00041-00013504-00013807 these ideas these ideas are amazing
+577duqrWkEU-00042-00013808-00014175 and these ideas are i would say
+577duqrWkEU-00043-00014176-00014438 this is god's idea of how people can
+577duqrWkEU-00044-00014440-00014622 govern themselves
+577duqrWkEU-00045-00014623-00014943 and it's fascinating because it's the
+577duqrWkEU-00046-00014944-00015127 opposite of a theocracy it's the
+577duqrWkEU-00047-00015128-00015294 opposite of a government
+577duqrWkEU-00048-00015295-00015711 that is uh saying we're speaking for god
+577duqrWkEU-00049-00015712-00015958 and yet it's also not entirely secular
+577duqrWkEU-00050-00015959-00016119 either it's a mixture
+577duqrWkEU-00051-00016119-00016294 which i would say you almost have not
+577duqrWkEU-00052-00016295-00016486 seen in history outside of the united
+577duqrWkEU-00053-00016487-00016607 states tocqueville
+577duqrWkEU-00054-00016608-00016950 the frenchman in the 1820s came from
+577duqrWkEU-00055-00016951-00017119 france to visit america
+577duqrWkEU-00056-00017120-00017471 to see what's going on there
+577duqrWkEU-00057-00017472-00017775 because in france they had the classic
+577duqrWkEU-00058-00017776-00017855 case
+577duqrWkEU-00059-00017856-00018199 where they had religion the church
+577duqrWkEU-00060-00018200-00018543 was mixed with the government so much
+577duqrWkEU-00061-00018544-00018775 that it was an oppressive force so the
+577duqrWkEU-00062-00018776-00018863 free thinkers
+577duqrWkEU-00063-00018864-00019175 in france hated the church and hated the
+577duqrWkEU-00064-00019176-00019303 priests and hated because
+577duqrWkEU-00065-00019304-00019607 they saw this as oppressive and it was
+577duqrWkEU-00066-00019608-00019743 oppressive
+577duqrWkEU-00067-00019744-00020071 but in france they traded this for
+577duqrWkEU-00068-00020072-00020519 no god for atheism and these ideas of
+577duqrWkEU-00069-00020520-00020783 democracy or whatever but they basically
+577duqrWkEU-00070-00020784-00020958 failed it ended in a bloodbath
+577duqrWkEU-00071-00020959-00021183 many of these kinds of revolutions in in
+577duqrWkEU-00072-00021184-00021271 russia
+577duqrWkEU-00073-00021272-00021486 they rejected the russian government and
+577duqrWkEU-00074-00021487-00021694 the russian church they rejected it
+577duqrWkEU-00075-00021695-00021878 and they replaced it with something
+577duqrWkEU-00076-00021879-00022103 opposite and equally evil
+577duqrWkEU-00077-00022104-00022383 in the end so tocqueville comes from
+577duqrWkEU-00078-00022384-00022622 france where they've had this chaos
+577duqrWkEU-00079-00022623-00022791 and he comes to america and he sees
+577duqrWkEU-00080-00022792-00023007 something he never thought he could see
+577duqrWkEU-00081-00023008-00023271 he saw that the people of faith the
+577duqrWkEU-00082-00023272-00023422 churches
+577duqrWkEU-00083-00023423-00023767 were working hand in hand with freedom
+577duqrWkEU-00084-00023768-00023927 in other words instead of being enemies
+577duqrWkEU-00085-00023928-00024150 he said i see
+577duqrWkEU-00086-00024151-00024447 they're helping each other i always
+577duqrWkEU-00087-00024448-00024607 thought that either the church is the
+577duqrWkEU-00088-00024608-00024742 enemy of freedom
+577duqrWkEU-00089-00024743-00025047 or you know he didn't understand it and
+577duqrWkEU-00090-00025048-00025278 here's i will i will put it in the way i
+577duqrWkEU-00091-00025279-00025430 my friend oz guinness
+577duqrWkEU-00092-00025431-00025670 came up with this term this idea this
+577duqrWkEU-00093-00025672-00025814 explains the way
+577duqrWkEU-00094-00025816-00026127 american democracy works and
+577duqrWkEU-00095-00026127-00026335 oz guinness i mean it's in my book if
+577duqrWkEU-00096-00026336-00026487 you can keep it but oz guinness says
+577duqrWkEU-00097-00026488-00026527 that
+577duqrWkEU-00098-00026527-00026687 he got this idea from all the founders
+577duqrWkEU-00099-00026688-00026911 washington jefferson they all understood
+577duqrWkEU-00100-00026912-00026990 this
+577duqrWkEU-00101-00026991-00027207 but americans today have forgotten this
+577duqrWkEU-00102-00027208-00027407 and this is the heart of
+577duqrWkEU-00103-00027408-00027599 of of true democracy that's going to
+577duqrWkEU-00104-00027600-00027751 work
+577duqrWkEU-00105-00027752-00027911 i'll say it quickly then i'll explain it
+577duqrWkEU-00106-00027912-00028143 the quick idea he calls it the golden
+577duqrWkEU-00107-00028144-00028199 triangle
+577duqrWkEU-00108-00028200-00028639 of freedom he says freedom or
+577duqrWkEU-00109-00028639-00029014 self-government liberty requires
+577duqrWkEU-00110-00029016-00029343 virtue this is a big idea
+577duqrWkEU-00111-00029344-00029551 it's a big idea i'm going to explain it
+577duqrWkEU-00112-00029552-00029727 yeah freedom requires virtue so if
+577duqrWkEU-00113-00029727-00029862 everybody says i want democracy i want
+577duqrWkEU-00114-00029863-00029967 freedom okay
+577duqrWkEU-00115-00029968-00030270 how how well
+577duqrWkEU-00116-00030272-00030623 you need virtue and then virtue requires
+577duqrWkEU-00117-00030624-00030807 some kind of faith we're not going to
+577duqrWkEU-00118-00030808-00031046 say much yet i'll explain it
+577duqrWkEU-00119-00031047-00031270 virtue requires some kind of faith and
+577duqrWkEU-00120-00031272-00031351 then faith
+577duqrWkEU-00121-00031352-00031679 in turn requires freedom
+577duqrWkEU-00122-00031680-00032046 so i'll explain it basically
+577duqrWkEU-00123-00032047-00032239 when we say what is freedom what is
+577duqrWkEU-00124-00032239-00032374 democracy what what is this
+577duqrWkEU-00125-00032375-00032623 it means we're going to govern ourselves
+577duqrWkEU-00126-00032624-00032783 we're not going to be governed
+577duqrWkEU-00127-00032784-00033095 from above some group of people
+577duqrWkEU-00128-00033096-00033271 are going to say you must do this you
+577duqrWkEU-00129-00033272-00033423 must do this no we're
+577duqrWkEU-00130-00033424-00033574 going to govern ourselves we're going to
+577duqrWkEU-00131-00033575-00033935 be free okay so our leaders will be
+577duqrWkEU-00132-00033936-00034055 elected by us
+577duqrWkEU-00133-00034056-00034359 we will choose our leaders okay
+577duqrWkEU-00134-00034360-00034607 so the question is why does this liberty
+577duqrWkEU-00135-00034608-00034735 this freedom
+577duqrWkEU-00136-00034736-00034967 this self-government require virtue and
+577duqrWkEU-00137-00034968-00035102 it's it's simple but
+577duqrWkEU-00138-00035103-00035223 many people don't really understand it
+577duqrWkEU-00139-00035224-00035390 it means that if i'm not going to be
+577duqrWkEU-00140-00035391-00035462 governed by
+577duqrWkEU-00141-00035463-00035767 some autocratic state power or i'm not
+577duqrWkEU-00142-00035768-00035999 going to be governed from a bureaucratic
+577duqrWkEU-00143-00036000-00036151 state power i mean
+577duqrWkEU-00144-00036152-00036295 you see this around the world too that
+577duqrWkEU-00145-00036296-00036502 if you live in many places in europe
+577duqrWkEU-00146-00036503-00036702 the government is very big and powerful
+577duqrWkEU-00147-00036703-00036807 it's secular
+577duqrWkEU-00148-00036808-00037079 but it's just as wicked and intrusive as
+577duqrWkEU-00149-00037080-00037239 if you have a theocratic
+577duqrWkEU-00150-00037240-00037415 muslim government or any kind of
+577duqrWkEU-00151-00037416-00037646 government it's oppressive
+577duqrWkEU-00152-00037647-00037855 so you can have oppressive secularist
+577duqrWkEU-00153-00037856-00037999 state or you can have oppressive
+577duqrWkEU-00154-00038000-00038318 theocratic state now
+577duqrWkEU-00155-00038319-00038535 in order to have neither of those two
+577duqrWkEU-00156-00038536-00038646 and to be free
+577duqrWkEU-00157-00038647-00038751 where you say we're going to govern
+577duqrWkEU-00158-00038752-00038846 ourselves we're not going to be governed
+577duqrWkEU-00159-00038847-00039046 by bureaucracy either secular
+577duqrWkEU-00160-00039047-00039390 or a government an autocratic
+577duqrWkEU-00161-00039391-00039502 theological
+577duqrWkEU-00162-00039503-00039887 state we're going to govern ourselves so
+577duqrWkEU-00163-00039888-00040190 what's necessary is that
+577duqrWkEU-00164-00040191-00040390 if some government is not going to tell
+577duqrWkEU-00165-00040391-00040527 me right from wrong they're not going to
+577duqrWkEU-00166-00040528-00040671 tell me what to do
+577duqrWkEU-00167-00040672-00040862 i have to do it on my own without being
+577duqrWkEU-00168-00040863-00041151 told so all of the founders washington
+577duqrWkEU-00169-00041152-00041367 jefferson franklin adams all of them
+577duqrWkEU-00170-00041368-00041671 said this government will not work i
+577duqrWkEU-00171-00041672-00041735 mean
+577duqrWkEU-00172-00041736-00041895 they knew they they're not just saying
+577duqrWkEU-00173-00041896-00042083 this philosophy they said what we're
+577duqrWkEU-00174-00042084-00042246 proposing self-government people
+577duqrWkEU-00175-00042247-00042367 governing themselves
+577duqrWkEU-00176-00042368-00042583 will never work unless the people are
+577duqrWkEU-00177-00042584-00042687 virtuous
+577duqrWkEU-00178-00042688-00042887 in other words if i say i'm not going to
+577duqrWkEU-00179-00042888-00043135 steal because stealing is wrong
+577duqrWkEU-00180-00043136-00043343 i'm going to pay my taxes because it's
+577duqrWkEU-00181-00043344-00043471 the right thing to do
+577duqrWkEU-00182-00043472-00043735 i'm going to be faithful to my spouse
+577duqrWkEU-00183-00043736-00043918 because it's the right thing to do
+577duqrWkEU-00184-00043919-00044118 i'm going to provide for my children
+577duqrWkEU-00185-00044119-00044271 because it's the right thing to do
+577duqrWkEU-00186-00044272-00044446 nobody's going to force me
+577duqrWkEU-00187-00044447-00044599 i'm going to do these things because i
+577duqrWkEU-00188-00044600-00044855 know it's right so the point is that in
+577duqrWkEU-00189-00044856-00045007 order to do these things
+577duqrWkEU-00190-00045008-00045327 on my own i have to have some virtue i
+577duqrWkEU-00191-00045328-00045455 have to have the idea that i want to do
+577duqrWkEU-00192-00045456-00045574 these things because they're right not
+577duqrWkEU-00193-00045575-00045735 because the government is forcing me to
+577duqrWkEU-00194-00045736-00045807 do it
+577duqrWkEU-00195-00045808-00046062 through laws i do it on my own so the
+577duqrWkEU-00196-00046063-00046230 founders all said that self-government
+577duqrWkEU-00197-00046231-00046358 means if people are going to do those
+577duqrWkEU-00198-00046359-00046455 things on their own they're going to
+577duqrWkEU-00199-00046456-00046583 govern themselves they have to be
+577duqrWkEU-00200-00046584-00046783 virtuous people and then the founders
+577duqrWkEU-00201-00046784-00046886 said
+577duqrWkEU-00202-00046887-00047102 where's this virtue going to come from
+577duqrWkEU-00203-00047103-00047230 why will people do the right thing if
+577duqrWkEU-00204-00047231-00047358 the government is not telling you with a
+577duqrWkEU-00205-00047359-00047415 gun
+577duqrWkEU-00206-00047416-00047683 or a threat why will you do the right
+577duqrWkEU-00207-00047684-00047879 thing
+577duqrWkEU-00208-00047880-00048215 all of the founders said because
+577duqrWkEU-00209-00048216-00048446 they will have some faith in some
+577duqrWkEU-00210-00048447-00048655 greater order
+577duqrWkEU-00211-00048656-00049039 that they believe in that
+577duqrWkEU-00212-00049040-00049407 now most people in america at that time
+577duqrWkEU-00213-00049408-00049630 their faith was in christ their faith
+577duqrWkEU-00214-00049631-00049846 was in the god of the bible
+577duqrWkEU-00215-00049847-00050055 they had a reason to do the right thing
+577duqrWkEU-00216-00050056-00050223 because they cared about what he thought
+577duqrWkEU-00217-00050224-00050415 not what the governor thinks what the
+577duqrWkEU-00218-00050416-00050583 president thinks what the policemen
+577duqrWkEU-00219-00050584-00050646 think
+577duqrWkEU-00220-00050647-00050927 i'm doing it because i do it freely
+577duqrWkEU-00221-00050928-00051127 because i love god and god loves me and
+577duqrWkEU-00222-00051128-00051238 i want to please him
+577duqrWkEU-00223-00051239-00051463 so i'm going to do all these things and
+577duqrWkEU-00224-00051464-00051702 i don't need anyone to force me
+577duqrWkEU-00225-00051703-00051911 so the founders and again i say
+577duqrWkEU-00226-00051912-00052087 jefferson franklin
+577duqrWkEU-00227-00052088-00052294 all of them and not all of them were
+577duqrWkEU-00228-00052295-00052463 strictly christians but they had this
+577duqrWkEU-00229-00052464-00052575 idea that
+577duqrWkEU-00230-00052576-00052999 when we see christianity really
+577duqrWkEU-00231-00053000-00053254 happening in different places we see
+577duqrWkEU-00232-00053255-00053503 crime goes down
+577duqrWkEU-00233-00053504-00053879 spousal abuse goes down alcoholism goes
+577duqrWkEU-00234-00053879-00054063 down
+577duqrWkEU-00235-00054064-00054335 we see this happening and even if we are
+577duqrWkEU-00236-00054336-00054535 not christians we see it happens when
+577duqrWkEU-00237-00054536-00054735 when people get serious about christ
+577duqrWkEU-00238-00054736-00054999 all these things happen so even people
+577duqrWkEU-00239-00055000-00055094 like franklin
+577duqrWkEU-00240-00055095-00055247 and jefferson who were maybe not
+577duqrWkEU-00241-00055248-00055430 theologically orthodox christians
+577duqrWkEU-00242-00055432-00055726 they saw that when christianity is free
+577duqrWkEU-00243-00055727-00055903 not forced by the government
+577duqrWkEU-00244-00055904-00056182 free and operating among the people
+577duqrWkEU-00245-00056183-00056342 freely
+577duqrWkEU-00246-00056344-00056654 they have a better ability to govern
+577duqrWkEU-00247-00056655-00056815 themselves they have virtue they don't
+577duqrWkEU-00248-00056816-00056999 need to be told
+577duqrWkEU-00249-00057000-00057238 so here's the key so the founders see
+577duqrWkEU-00250-00057239-00057391 this thing they see that
+577duqrWkEU-00251-00057391-00057599 self-government freedom liberty requires
+577duqrWkEU-00252-00057600-00057735 virtue virtue requires
+577duqrWkEU-00253-00057736-00058015 faith but they said we cannot force
+577duqrWkEU-00254-00058016-00058094 faith
+577duqrWkEU-00255-00058095-00058271 this is the difference between american
+577duqrWkEU-00256-00058272-00058415 democracy
+577duqrWkEU-00257-00058416-00058647 and many democracies in europe or in
+577duqrWkEU-00258-00058648-00058959 other parts of the world
+577duqrWkEU-00259-00058960-00059191 they said religion must be free the
+577duqrWkEU-00260-00059191-00059263 government
+577duqrWkEU-00261-00059264-00059630 cannot take sides in this religious
+577duqrWkEU-00262-00059632-00059719 thing
+577duqrWkEU-00263-00059720-00059942 they have to step back and let the
+577duqrWkEU-00264-00059944-00060094 people choose
+577duqrWkEU-00265-00060095-00060287 freely so it's the opposite of a
+577duqrWkEU-00266-00060288-00060406 theocracy
+577duqrWkEU-00267-00060407-00060871 an islamic theocracy or in europe
+577duqrWkEU-00268-00060872-00061111 during the time of the when america was
+577duqrWkEU-00269-00061112-00061223 founded they had
+577duqrWkEU-00270-00061224-00061438 christian theocracies they said anyone
+577duqrWkEU-00271-00061439-00061550 in this place
+577duqrWkEU-00272-00061551-00061775 must be a catholic in france everybody
+577duqrWkEU-00273-00061776-00061966 in greece has to be greek orthodox
+577duqrWkEU-00274-00061967-00062191 everybody in germany has to be lutheran
+577duqrWkEU-00275-00062191-00062471 so the government was forcing religion
+577duqrWkEU-00276-00062472-00062630 so the founders in america said
+577duqrWkEU-00277-00062632-00062815 we're not going to have that in this
+577duqrWkEU-00278-00062816-00063006 country faith will be
+577duqrWkEU-00279-00063007-00063359 100 percent free voluntary because we
+577duqrWkEU-00280-00063360-00063463 believe
+577duqrWkEU-00281-00063464-00063703 that if we don't force it people will
+577duqrWkEU-00282-00063704-00063982 have the freedom to do it on their own
+577duqrWkEU-00283-00063983-00064142 and when they do it on their own then it
+577duqrWkEU-00284-00064144-00064335 becomes powerful when they're forced by
+577duqrWkEU-00285-00064336-00064423 the government
+577duqrWkEU-00286-00064424-00064591 they're just going to do the minimum or
+577duqrWkEU-00287-00064591-00064806 they become fanatics
+577duqrWkEU-00288-00064807-00064999 and when tocqueville came over 50 years
+577duqrWkEU-00289-00065000-00065175 after the revolution he saw this he said
+577duqrWkEU-00290-00065176-00065511 this is unbelievable in france faith or
+577duqrWkEU-00291-00065512-00065703 religion is the enemy of freedom
+577duqrWkEU-00292-00065704-00065919 and here that they're working together
+577duqrWkEU-00293-00065920-00066135 so this is something most americans have
+577duqrWkEU-00294-00066136-00066206 forgotten
+577duqrWkEU-00295-00066207-00066415 so that's why i'm so passionate about it
+577duqrWkEU-00296-00066416-00066582 but i said this is the magic
+577duqrWkEU-00297-00066583-00066950 this is that if if you have faith
+577duqrWkEU-00298-00066951-00067175 that's not forced you will behave
+577duqrWkEU-00299-00067176-00067263 virtuously
+577duqrWkEU-00300-00067264-00067431 you don't need much government and then
+577duqrWkEU-00301-00067432-00067638 you will be able to govern yourself
+577duqrWkEU-00302-00067639-00067871 so in america more or less we've been
+577duqrWkEU-00303-00067872-00067991 able to do this
+577duqrWkEU-00304-00067992-00068215 not everybody is a serious christian but
+577duqrWkEU-00305-00068216-00068319 if you have enough
+577duqrWkEU-00306-00068320-00068543 it creates a culture where doing the
+577duqrWkEU-00307-00068544-00068631 right thing
+577duqrWkEU-00308-00068632-00068806 everybody says that's good we want to do
+577duqrWkEU-00309-00068807-00068975 the right thing here you know
+577duqrWkEU-00310-00068976-00069279 and so it's ironic because you in some
+577duqrWkEU-00311-00069280-00069350 ways you need
+577duqrWkEU-00312-00069351-00069631 faith but the faith cannot be forced you
+577duqrWkEU-00313-00069632-00069831 have to have religious liberty
+577duqrWkEU-00314-00069832-00070015 and in this country that's been a sacred
+577duqrWkEU-00315-00070016-00070199 thing religious liberty that you and
+577duqrWkEU-00316-00070200-00070455 the government will never tell anyone
+577duqrWkEU-00317-00070456-00070582 you must believe
+577duqrWkEU-00318-00070583-00070782 or you must not believe i mean there are
+577duqrWkEU-00319-00070783-00070959 governments around the world that say
+577duqrWkEU-00320-00070960-00071126 you must believe you must go to mosque
+577duqrWkEU-00321-00071127-00071255 you must go to church then there are
+577duqrWkEU-00322-00071256-00071350 other governments that say
+577duqrWkEU-00323-00071351-00071543 if you go to church or if you go to
+577duqrWkEU-00324-00071544-00071735 mosque we will persecute you we are an
+577duqrWkEU-00325-00071736-00071894 atheist government
+577duqrWkEU-00326-00071895-00072094 the founders in america said we cannot
+577duqrWkEU-00327-00072095-00072238 tell people what to believe either to
+577duqrWkEU-00328-00072239-00072391 believe or not to believe if you want to
+577duqrWkEU-00329-00072392-00072535 be an atheist you want to be an agnostic
+577duqrWkEU-00330-00072536-00072638 you want to be a muslim you want to be
+577duqrWkEU-00331-00072639-00072711 christian you want to be
+577duqrWkEU-00332-00072712-00072959 whatever you want to be religion is free
+577duqrWkEU-00333-00072960-00073231 and they trusted that if they do that
+577duqrWkEU-00334-00073232-00073487 it's going to work it has worked and the
+577duqrWkEU-00335-00073488-00073638 idea that i just shared
+577duqrWkEU-00336-00073639-00073767 this is for the whole world it's not
+577duqrWkEU-00337-00073768-00073975 just for america america has been
+577duqrWkEU-00338-00073976-00074079 shining a torch
+577duqrWkEU-00339-00074080-00074311 like the lady statue of liberty to the
+577duqrWkEU-00340-00074312-00074399 whole world to say
+577duqrWkEU-00341-00074400-00074671 this model this is for you you don't
+577duqrWkEU-00342-00074672-00074838 need to go down this path and you need
+577duqrWkEU-00343-00074839-00074999 to go down this path
+577duqrWkEU-00344-00075000-00075159 many people choose one or the other but
+577duqrWkEU-00345-00075160-00075326 this is the path that
+577duqrWkEU-00346-00075327-00075567 i believe where people are really free
+577duqrWkEU-00347-00075568-00075703 to have an atheist
+577duqrWkEU-00348-00075704-00075975 secular democracy in a way it can't work
+577duqrWkEU-00349-00075976-00076199 successfully you still will feel
+577duqrWkEU-00350-00076200-00076423 um you still will feel the force of
+577duqrWkEU-00351-00076424-00076519 government
+577duqrWkEU-00352-00076520-00076655 in that way it's just a different kind
+577duqrWkEU-00353-00076656-00076823 of force it's maybe a secular force
+577duqrWkEU-00354-00076824-00076911 instead of a
+577duqrWkEU-00355-00076912-00077094 theocratic force but you'll still feel a
+577duqrWkEU-00356-00077095-00077303 force that's that's wonderful
+577duqrWkEU-00357-00077304-00077582 you you talk the language of our people
+577duqrWkEU-00358-00077583-00077694 when they hear
+577duqrWkEU-00359-00077695-00077999 uh that we will have every
+577duqrWkEU-00360-00078000-00078375 a country a government a place a nation
+577duqrWkEU-00361-00078376-00078431 that
+577duqrWkEU-00362-00078432-00078703 people are free to choose they say yes
+577duqrWkEU-00363-00078704-00078862 you know choose your religion
+577duqrWkEU-00364-00078863-00079055 we have never seen that we have never
+577duqrWkEU-00365-00079056-00079223 seen for 40 some years
+577duqrWkEU-00366-00079224-00079399 they're not haven't seen that and
+577duqrWkEU-00367-00079400-00079615 they're really for it they when they
+577duqrWkEU-00368-00079616-00079703 talk about
+577duqrWkEU-00369-00079704-00079991 um secular democrat democracy that's
+577duqrWkEU-00370-00079992-00080143 what they mean a secular means
+577duqrWkEU-00371-00080144-00080319 no religion secular well this is in
+577duqrWkEU-00372-00080320-00080494 their mind this is interesting because
+577duqrWkEU-00373-00080495-00080775 again you can have a theocratic
+577duqrWkEU-00374-00080776-00080903 heavy-handed
+577duqrWkEU-00375-00080904-00081206 you know government uh that's allied
+577duqrWkEU-00376-00081207-00081415 with god that's bad
+577duqrWkEU-00377-00081416-00081662 to have freedom of religion it's not
+577duqrWkEU-00378-00081663-00081775 quite secular
+577duqrWkEU-00379-00081776-00082023 it's similar but it's not the same thing
+577duqrWkEU-00380-00082024-00082271 you can't force people to believe
+577duqrWkEU-00381-00082272-00082591 but you want people to believe because
+577duqrWkEU-00382-00082592-00082926 if you take god out if you force god out
+577duqrWkEU-00383-00082927-00083103 you're really not very different from a
+577duqrWkEU-00384-00083104-00083271 marxist
+577duqrWkEU-00385-00083272-00083438 atheist government like they have in
+577duqrWkEU-00386-00083439-00083606 china where
+577duqrWkEU-00387-00083607-00083823 it's the same problem except the
+577duqrWkEU-00388-00083824-00083991 opposite in other words you have the
+577duqrWkEU-00389-00083992-00084143 problem now of
+577duqrWkEU-00390-00084144-00084455 we we rejected god so much that we
+577duqrWkEU-00391-00084456-00084718 forbid god to forbid god
+577duqrWkEU-00392-00084719-00085079 is as wicked as to force god
+577duqrWkEU-00393-00085080-00085375 both are not going to work so you have
+577duqrWkEU-00394-00085376-00085535 to have a situation where faith can
+577duqrWkEU-00395-00085536-00085606 flourish
+577duqrWkEU-00396-00085607-00085831 but the government doesn't force it but
+577duqrWkEU-00397-00085832-00086055 if you secularize things too much
+577duqrWkEU-00398-00086056-00086223 you only create a power vacuum and
+577duqrWkEU-00399-00086224-00086391 someone will come in
+577duqrWkEU-00400-00086392-00086543 and it will be a different kind of
+577duqrWkEU-00401-00086544-00086711 oppression and
+577duqrWkEU-00402-00086712-00086871 america has been drifting in this
+577duqrWkEU-00403-00086872-00087079 direction the last 40 or so years we've
+577duqrWkEU-00404-00087080-00087215 been drifting in this way
+577duqrWkEU-00405-00087216-00087335 people say we have a separation of
+577duqrWkEU-00406-00087336-00087550 church and state yes
+577duqrWkEU-00407-00087551-00087759 you have a separation but you don't
+577duqrWkEU-00408-00087760-00087975 abolish church you don't abolish god you
+577duqrWkEU-00409-00087976-00088031 don't know about
+577duqrWkEU-00410-00088032-00088238 you just separate it from the government
+577duqrWkEU-00411-00088239-00088503 and this is a in some ways it's tricky
+577duqrWkEU-00412-00088504-00088687 but this is the only way that it's ever
+577duqrWkEU-00413-00088688-00088838 worked and it's what it
+577duqrWkEU-00414-00088839-00089094 it enables you to be multicultural in
+577duqrWkEU-00415-00089095-00089199 the healthiest way
+577duqrWkEU-00416-00089200-00089399 that people are free they can choose
+577duqrWkEU-00417-00089400-00089567 they can reject god if they like
+577duqrWkEU-00418-00089568-00089743 they can choose god if they like the
+577duqrWkEU-00419-00089744-00089950 government says that's not our business
+577duqrWkEU-00420-00089951-00090231 our business is to keep you free but at
+577duqrWkEU-00421-00090232-00090350 the same time wanting to encourage
+577duqrWkEU-00422-00090351-00090438 people to have
+577duqrWkEU-00423-00090439-00090647 faith but a free faith not a forced
+577duqrWkEU-00424-00090648-00090806 faith right
+577duqrWkEU-00425-00090807-00091118 you know iranians love america if you
+577duqrWkEU-00426-00091119-00091206 ask them
+577duqrWkEU-00427-00091207-00091462 if there is there was a referendum today
+577duqrWkEU-00428-00091463-00091550 they could vote
+577duqrWkEU-00429-00091551-00091743 of what kind of government they want
+577duqrWkEU-00430-00091744-00091887 number one would be
+577duqrWkEU-00431-00091888-00092126 democracy american style they think
+577duqrWkEU-00432-00092127-00092262 america is best
+577duqrWkEU-00433-00092263-00092543 and they look at the freedom we have
+577duqrWkEU-00434-00092544-00092606 here
+577duqrWkEU-00435-00092607-00092862 some of us don't appreciate it yeah but
+577duqrWkEU-00436-00092863-00092982 they do they they know
+577duqrWkEU-00437-00092983-00093311 what we have they want to be like us
+577duqrWkEU-00438-00093312-00093494 they want to be like americans
+577duqrWkEU-00439-00093495-00093903 now america 250 years of history
+577duqrWkEU-00440-00093904-00094223 and it was based on christian values but
+577duqrWkEU-00441-00094224-00094399 definitely for scriptures you see this
+577duqrWkEU-00442-00094400-00094582 is the irony is that
+577duqrWkEU-00443-00094583-00094879 america is not officially a christian
+577duqrWkEU-00444-00094880-00094935 nation
+577duqrWkEU-00445-00094936-00095150 and because it's not officially
+577duqrWkEU-00446-00095151-00095238 christian
+577duqrWkEU-00447-00095239-00095559 it's the most christian because once you
+577duqrWkEU-00448-00095560-00095806 make it official
+577duqrWkEU-00449-00095807-00096159 you take away the reality of it and it
+577duqrWkEU-00450-00096160-00096326 just becomes a word
+577duqrWkEU-00451-00096327-00096511 great britain i mean i've written books
+577duqrWkEU-00452-00096512-00096671 about this so i literally know
+577duqrWkEU-00453-00096672-00097031 the history that great britain in the um
+577duqrWkEU-00454-00097032-00097199 in the time of wilberforce let's say
+577duqrWkEU-00455-00097200-00097567 1800 was officially a christian nation
+577duqrWkEU-00456-00097568-00097711 they had all kinds of things happening
+577duqrWkEU-00457-00097712-00098031 that were profoundly unchristian
+577duqrWkEU-00458-00098032-00098262 because it became official and everybody
+577duqrWkEU-00459-00098263-00098423 said well it's official i'm english i
+577duqrWkEU-00460-00098424-00098543 must be christian
+577duqrWkEU-00461-00098544-00098823 no you have to do it freely so they have
+577duqrWkEU-00462-00098824-00098950 the slave trade
+577duqrWkEU-00463-00098951-00099143 and it was real christians who
+577duqrWkEU-00464-00099144-00099431 challenged the christian establishment
+577duqrWkEU-00465-00099432-00099759 and said to the christian uh the church
+577duqrWkEU-00466-00099760-00099847 of england
+577duqrWkEU-00467-00099848-00100055 this is an abomination slavery is
+577duqrWkEU-00468-00100056-00100191 against the bible
+577duqrWkEU-00469-00100192-00100382 but the church went along with it but
+577duqrWkEU-00470-00100383-00100582 the real christians said no the bible
+577duqrWkEU-00471-00100583-00100735 says this is wrong so
+577duqrWkEU-00472-00100736-00100894 you can be officially christian and it
+577duqrWkEU-00473-00100895-00101118 means nothing the same thing happened in
+577duqrWkEU-00474-00101119-00101223 germany
+577duqrWkEU-00475-00101224-00101399 with hitler everybody said well i'm not
+577duqrWkEU-00476-00101400-00101550 a jew i'm not an atheist i must be a
+577duqrWkEU-00477-00101551-00101623 christian
+577duqrWkEU-00478-00101624-00101838 no if you're a christian you're going to
+577duqrWkEU-00479-00101839-00101950 behave like a christian
+577duqrWkEU-00480-00101951-00102094 but they they all thought well i'm
+577duqrWkEU-00481-00102095-00102247 german i must be christian because
+577duqrWkEU-00482-00102248-00102478 luther was a german and he invented
+577duqrWkEU-00483-00102479-00102671 protestantism we all must be christians
+577duqrWkEU-00484-00102672-00102966 every time it becomes official it's an
+577duqrWkEU-00485-00102967-00103134 excuse for people to ignore it
+577duqrWkEU-00486-00103135-00103286 just like saying i paid my taxes don't
+577duqrWkEU-00487-00103288-00103478 tell me about the government
+577duqrWkEU-00488-00103479-00103766 next question america is the i think
+577duqrWkEU-00489-00103767-00103927 it's the only nation that has
+577duqrWkEU-00490-00103928-00104190 uh experienced true democracy for 250
+577duqrWkEU-00491-00104191-00104278 years yeah
+577duqrWkEU-00492-00104279-00104590 it has had its ups and downs um
+577duqrWkEU-00493-00104591-00104830 my question as i said iranians look up
+577duqrWkEU-00494-00104831-00104990 to it
+577duqrWkEU-00495-00104991-00105295 what if iranians want to copy what's in
+577duqrWkEU-00496-00105296-00105366 america yeah
+577duqrWkEU-00497-00105367-00105710 democracy why what should they copy
+577duqrWkEU-00498-00105711-00106086 and what should they not copy right
+577duqrWkEU-00499-00106088-00106286 well as i said i wouldn't copy america
+577duqrWkEU-00500-00106288-00106495 this minute because the last 50 years
+577duqrWkEU-00501-00106496-00106710 we've drifted away from this noble
+577duqrWkEU-00502-00106711-00107031 ideal this noble ideal
+577duqrWkEU-00503-00107032-00107366 says that faith has a central role
+577duqrWkEU-00504-00107367-00107766 in freedom but it can't be forced
+577duqrWkEU-00505-00107767-00107951 and what has been happening in the last
+577duqrWkEU-00506-00107952-00108086 50 years
+577duqrWkEU-00507-00108088-00108390 is a secular faith
+577duqrWkEU-00508-00108391-00108583 has been forced i mean this is ironic
+577duqrWkEU-00509-00108583-00108663 because we're not talking about
+577duqrWkEU-00510-00108664-00108758 christian faith
+577duqrWkEU-00511-00108759-00109023 a secular faith people said we're going
+577duqrWkEU-00512-00109024-00109063 to push
+577duqrWkEU-00513-00109064-00109407 christianity out and they use government
+577duqrWkEU-00514-00109408-00109702 to do the pushing right so you really
+577duqrWkEU-00515-00109703-00109863 can have
+577duqrWkEU-00516-00109864-00110215 uh uh people that are are drifting along
+577duqrWkEU-00517-00110216-00110366 over the decades and things are still
+577duqrWkEU-00518-00110367-00110543 pretty good but they've lost
+577duqrWkEU-00519-00110544-00110854 their way and so when when people think
+577duqrWkEU-00520-00110855-00110934 about this
+577duqrWkEU-00521-00110935-00111078 we always need examples let's take
+577duqrWkEU-00522-00111079-00111239 europe today right
+577duqrWkEU-00523-00111240-00111486 europeans i am european my mother's
+577duqrWkEU-00524-00111488-00111702 german we have relatives there we visit
+577duqrWkEU-00525-00111703-00111863 my father's greek we have relatives
+577duqrWkEU-00526-00111864-00112031 there we visit i mean
+577duqrWkEU-00527-00112032-00112358 often and they are not as free as in
+577duqrWkEU-00528-00112359-00112510 america now they would say oh we have
+577duqrWkEU-00529-00112511-00112631 democracy
+577duqrWkEU-00530-00112632-00112886 it's not the same they have allowed a
+577duqrWkEU-00531-00112888-00113086 secular idea
+577duqrWkEU-00532-00113088-00113439 to creep in and
+577duqrWkEU-00533-00113440-00113671 the government if you don't do the right
+577duqrWkEU-00534-00113672-00113775 thing on your own
+577duqrWkEU-00535-00113776-00114086 because of your faith or whatever the
+577duqrWkEU-00536-00114088-00114247 government will find a way to force you
+577duqrWkEU-00537-00114248-00114415 to do these things so
+577duqrWkEU-00538-00114416-00114686 so the taxes that they pay the rules
+577duqrWkEU-00539-00114688-00114863 they have the laws they have are
+577duqrWkEU-00540-00114864-00115143 much more oppressive than in america now
+577duqrWkEU-00541-00115144-00115334 america is drifting in this direction
+577duqrWkEU-00542-00115335-00115471 but but not yet and there are many
+577duqrWkEU-00543-00115472-00115727 americans who understand this idea and
+577duqrWkEU-00544-00115728-00115878 they're fighting against it
+577duqrWkEU-00545-00115879-00116095 but so if you say well we want a secular
+577duqrWkEU-00546-00116096-00116263 democracy like they have in france or
+577duqrWkEU-00547-00116264-00116302 whatever
+577duqrWkEU-00548-00116303-00116575 you you cannot imagine the difference
+577duqrWkEU-00549-00116576-00116751 between because i know i live in america
+577duqrWkEU-00550-00116752-00116863 and i go to europe
+577duqrWkEU-00551-00116864-00117134 the difference is dramatic you don't
+577duqrWkEU-00552-00117135-00117319 feel that freedom
+577duqrWkEU-00553-00117320-00117551 in in europe because they have they have
+577duqrWkEU-00554-00117552-00117751 in in many ways
+577duqrWkEU-00555-00117752-00118086 i mean the european union
+577duqrWkEU-00556-00118088-00118310 their constitution is 100 percent
+577duqrWkEU-00557-00118311-00118407 secular
+577duqrWkEU-00558-00118408-00118663 and you think okay so what of all these
+577duqrWkEU-00559-00118664-00118878 countries have in common what is europe
+577duqrWkEU-00560-00118879-00119271 europe was hugely christian and
+577duqrWkEU-00561-00119272-00119495 they basically said we don't want to we
+577duqrWkEU-00562-00119496-00119654 don't want to have that and so they made
+577duqrWkEU-00563-00119655-00119783 the classic mistake
+577duqrWkEU-00564-00119783-00120015 they said we know what it is to have
+577duqrWkEU-00565-00120016-00120199 forced religion in europe we don't want
+577duqrWkEU-00566-00120200-00120263 that
+577duqrWkEU-00567-00120264-00120566 so we'll have no religion and that's an
+577duqrWkEU-00568-00120567-00120599 equal
+577duqrWkEU-00569-00120600-00120943 mistake so when you go there you say
+577duqrWkEU-00570-00120944-00121127 the government forces us to do this and
+577duqrWkEU-00571-00121128-00121247 this and there's all these little rules
+577duqrWkEU-00572-00121248-00121295 and things
+577duqrWkEU-00573-00121296-00121471 and the question is what does it matter
+577duqrWkEU-00574-00121472-00121614 if it's the mullahs or
+577duqrWkEU-00575-00121615-00121831 if it's angela merkel's government what
+577duqrWkEU-00576-00121832-00122039 is it difference does it make
+577duqrWkEU-00577-00122040-00122319 if you're not free you're not free and
+577duqrWkEU-00578-00122320-00122399 so you can be
+577duqrWkEU-00579-00122400-00122702 free um in name only
+577duqrWkEU-00580-00122703-00122910 so they're there they don't feel free
+577duqrWkEU-00581-00122911-00123127 but i really think that this is
+577duqrWkEU-00582-00123128-00123407 i often say this or moves that people
+577duqrWkEU-00583-00123408-00123502 around the world
+577duqrWkEU-00584-00123503-00123734 outside of america have an incredible
+577duqrWkEU-00585-00123735-00123886 opportunity
+577duqrWkEU-00586-00123888-00124190 to do what america is
+577duqrWkEU-00587-00124191-00124383 itself forgetting in other words
+577duqrWkEU-00588-00124383-00124575 countries around the world
+577duqrWkEU-00589-00124576-00124775 can really do this they can look at what
+577duqrWkEU-00590-00124776-00124966 i'm saying i mean i put the basics of it
+577duqrWkEU-00591-00124967-00125095 in my book if you can keep it but there
+577duqrWkEU-00592-00125096-00125239 are many other books where you
+577duqrWkEU-00593-00125240-00125495 you say this makes sense and this worked
+577duqrWkEU-00594-00125496-00125678 and when they begin pushing god
+577duqrWkEU-00595-00125679-00126031 out they're imposing a secular you can
+577duqrWkEU-00596-00126032-00126143 call it theocracy
+577duqrWkEU-00597-00126144-00126502 in a way and a theocracy and when you do
+577duqrWkEU-00598-00126503-00126631 that you get a different kind of
+577duqrWkEU-00599-00126632-00126695 oppression
+577duqrWkEU-00600-00126696-00126934 and so this is the the genius of the
+577duqrWkEU-00601-00126935-00127031 founders to have
+577duqrWkEU-00602-00127032-00127278 a place for faith knowing that this is
+577duqrWkEU-00603-00127279-00127447 fundamental
+577duqrWkEU-00604-00127448-00127847 uh to encourage faith but not to make it
+577duqrWkEU-00605-00127848-00128134 an oppressive government sponsored faith
+577duqrWkEU-00606-00128135-00128310 and this is kind of the
+577duqrWkEU-00607-00128311-00128647 the really uh the nuance of freedom that
+577duqrWkEU-00608-00128648-00128847 if you don't do that exactly
+577duqrWkEU-00609-00128848-00129063 you're gonna drift in one direction or
+577duqrWkEU-00610-00129064-00129166 the other
+577duqrWkEU-00611-00129167-00129351 and i get very excited when i think of
+577duqrWkEU-00612-00129352-00129519 countries like iran
+577duqrWkEU-00613-00129520-00129751 even thinking about this yeah i get
+577duqrWkEU-00614-00129752-00129871 nervous because
+577duqrWkEU-00615-00129872-00130078 people of iran want democracy and they
+577duqrWkEU-00616-00130079-00130239 don't know exactly what it is but the
+577duqrWkEU-00617-00130240-00130358 same thing happened in the so-called
+577duqrWkEU-00618-00130359-00130399 arab
+577duqrWkEU-00619-00130400-00130519 spring they said okay we're going to
+577duqrWkEU-00620-00130520-00130751 kill the dictator now we're free
+577duqrWkEU-00621-00130752-00130910 you're not free now you have a power
+577duqrWkEU-00622-00130911-00131087 vacuum and some other
+577duqrWkEU-00623-00131088-00131287 force foot will come in whether it's
+577duqrWkEU-00624-00131288-00131390 isis or whatever
+577duqrWkEU-00625-00131391-00131702 you have to govern yourself it's more
+577duqrWkEU-00626-00131703-00131854 than just getting rid of the guys you
+577duqrWkEU-00627-00131855-00132063 hate you have to replace it
+577duqrWkEU-00628-00132064-00132271 with something that's going to keep out
+577duqrWkEU-00629-00132272-00132535 other people you hate how can we keep it
+577duqrWkEU-00630-00132536-00132759 free and you know we can go through the
+577duqrWkEU-00631-00132760-00132839 list but the
+577duqrWkEU-00632-00132840-00133014 the so-called arab spring is the classic
+577duqrWkEU-00633-00133015-00133223 example many naive people said
+577duqrWkEU-00634-00133224-00133383 we're going to have once you get rid of
+577duqrWkEU-00635-00133384-00133527 the dictator gaddafi over we're going to
+577duqrWkEU-00636-00133528-00133623 have democracy
+577duqrWkEU-00637-00133624-00133878 no no it doesn't work that way you have
+577duqrWkEU-00638-00133879-00133975 to have this
+577duqrWkEU-00639-00133976-00134151 this system of this golden triangle of
+577duqrWkEU-00640-00134152-00134454 freedom as a bulwark against other
+577duqrWkEU-00641-00134455-00134727 forces coming in you you have to have it
+577duqrWkEU-00642-00134728-00134807 you know now
+577duqrWkEU-00643-00134808-00135087 you talked about virtue and uh some
+577duqrWkEU-00644-00135088-00135166 foundation
+577duqrWkEU-00645-00135167-00135502 fundamental beliefs of values yeah to be
+577duqrWkEU-00646-00135503-00135590 in a society
+577duqrWkEU-00647-00135591-00135863 right and you kind of assume that's
+577duqrWkEU-00648-00135864-00135959 christian values
+577duqrWkEU-00649-00135960-00136223 because there are other values yeah like
+577duqrWkEU-00650-00136224-00136431 i talked to people of iran i said
+577duqrWkEU-00651-00136432-00136639 we are not ready for democracy because
+577duqrWkEU-00652-00136640-00136783 the value system
+577duqrWkEU-00653-00136784-00137102 comes from islam islam means one
+577duqrWkEU-00654-00137103-00137319 individual is not important
+577duqrWkEU-00655-00137320-00137559 democracy says one person is important
+577duqrWkEU-00656-00137560-00137751 jesus says one person is important
+577duqrWkEU-00657-00137752-00137959 well that's big no no this is a big
+577duqrWkEU-00658-00137960-00138119 thing is that the god
+577duqrWkEU-00659-00138120-00138327 you worship you know people talk about
+577duqrWkEU-00660-00138328-00138454 god which god
+577duqrWkEU-00661-00138455-00138614 yeah which god because many people
+577duqrWkEU-00662-00138615-00138814 around the world they talk about god
+577duqrWkEU-00663-00138815-00138999 the christian idea of god and i mean the
+577duqrWkEU-00664-00139000-00139166 pure christian idea because you can even
+577duqrWkEU-00665-00139167-00139351 have within christianity
+577duqrWkEU-00666-00139352-00139519 people twisting things we're talking
+577duqrWkEU-00667-00139520-00139678 about what the bible says
+577duqrWkEU-00668-00139679-00139983 about the individual is radical
+577duqrWkEU-00669-00139984-00140295 it says god died for you
+577duqrWkEU-00670-00140296-00140599 not for humanity for you
+577duqrWkEU-00671-00140600-00140735 like you're his son or you're his
+577duqrWkEU-00672-00140736-00140919 daughter and so the value of the
+577duqrWkEU-00673-00140920-00141071 individual
+577duqrWkEU-00674-00141072-00141311 is key also to american democracy in the
+577duqrWkEU-00675-00141312-00141447 sense it says that
+577duqrWkEU-00676-00141448-00141687 the majority cannot crush the individual
+577duqrWkEU-00677-00141688-00141831 even if people vote
+577duqrWkEU-00678-00141832-00142159 and say we all agree on this they have
+577duqrWkEU-00679-00142160-00142214 to first
+577duqrWkEU-00680-00142215-00142383 ask themselves the question is this a
+577duqrWkEU-00681-00142384-00142654 just law are you persecuting
+577duqrWkEU-00682-00142655-00142871 one or two people so how do you have
+577duqrWkEU-00683-00142872-00142999 majority rules but how
+577duqrWkEU-00684-00143000-00143223 do you protect the individuals if the
+577duqrWkEU-00685-00143224-00143375 majority decides to go in the wrong
+577duqrWkEU-00686-00143376-00143559 direction this is why you need
+577duqrWkEU-00687-00143560-00143711 a constitution like the american
+577duqrWkEU-00688-00143712-00143911 constitution in a very
+577duqrWkEU-00689-00143912-00144190 clear view i mean it starts in english
+577duqrWkEU-00690-00144191-00144390 law but in the american declaration in
+577duqrWkEU-00691-00144391-00144487 the constitution
+577duqrWkEU-00692-00144488-00144854 and in some of our subsequent
+577duqrWkEU-00693-00144855-00145054 speeches and things lincoln understood
+577duqrWkEU-00694-00145055-00145190 this brilliantly
+577duqrWkEU-00695-00145191-00145607 you you get this beautiful idea
+577duqrWkEU-00696-00145608-00145863 that is very rare it's very and it's
+577duqrWkEU-00697-00145864-00145990 fragile
+577duqrWkEU-00698-00145991-00146263 and the the only way really for it to
+577duqrWkEU-00699-00146264-00146359 continue
+577duqrWkEU-00700-00146360-00146678 is if people understand it and live it
+577duqrWkEU-00701-00146679-00146719 out
+577duqrWkEU-00702-00146720-00146902 and celebrate it i mean if you leave it
+577duqrWkEU-00703-00146903-00147126 alone we'll just all go back to some
+577duqrWkEU-00704-00147127-00147239 kind of oppressive
+577duqrWkEU-00705-00147240-00147431 government and i think that america has
+577duqrWkEU-00706-00147432-00147639 been sliding in this direction
+577duqrWkEU-00707-00147640-00147814 and but the people in america are waking
+577duqrWkEU-00708-00147815-00148007 up and every time i get an opportunity
+577duqrWkEU-00709-00148008-00148159 i'm talking to them about that's why
+577duqrWkEU-00710-00148160-00148375 yeah you talk on your shows and
+577duqrWkEU-00711-00148376-00148719 all that and appreciate that
+577duqrWkEU-00712-00148720-00149063 about the values
+577duqrWkEU-00713-00149064-00149387 i i talk to our people and say i'm not
+577duqrWkEU-00714-00149388-00149526 anti-islamic
+577duqrWkEU-00715-00149527-00149935 i'm just realistic this type of theology
+577duqrWkEU-00716-00149936-00150175 does not match a democracy you see that
+577duqrWkEU-00717-00150176-00150399 well it can't uh you know america tried
+577duqrWkEU-00718-00150400-00150447 to
+577duqrWkEU-00719-00150448-00150790 import democracy to iraq
+577duqrWkEU-00720-00150791-00150999 yes it doesn't work listen i've spoken
+577duqrWkEU-00721-00151000-00151151 about this in fact i touch on it in my
+577duqrWkEU-00722-00151152-00151439 book if you can keep it but i saw this
+577duqrWkEU-00723-00151440-00151743 a few years ago i said you know what the
+577duqrWkEU-00724-00151744-00151966 the people who brought about the iraq
+577duqrWkEU-00725-00151967-00152071 war and stuff
+577duqrWkEU-00726-00152072-00152335 they were naive and they didn't
+577duqrWkEU-00727-00152336-00152478 understand what we're talking about
+577duqrWkEU-00728-00152479-00152719 they thought get rid of the dictator
+577duqrWkEU-00729-00152720-00152878 here comes democracy
+577duqrWkEU-00730-00152879-00153151 no way no way that doesn't happen this
+577duqrWkEU-00731-00153152-00153239 is naive
+577duqrWkEU-00732-00153240-00153383 you have to the people have to be
+577duqrWkEU-00733-00153384-00153631 trained to govern themselves
+577duqrWkEU-00734-00153632-00153823 they have to understand how it works if
+577duqrWkEU-00735-00153824-00153975 they don't understand that
+577duqrWkEU-00736-00153976-00154126 they're not gonna it's like giving a gun
+577duqrWkEU-00737-00154127-00154359 to a three-year-old
+577duqrWkEU-00738-00154360-00154702 he is not equipped for this he has to be
+577duqrWkEU-00739-00154703-00154751 trained
+577duqrWkEU-00740-00154752-00154983 this is fragile just respecting other
+577duqrWkEU-00741-00154984-00155126 people's opinion
+577duqrWkEU-00742-00155127-00155311 that's christian value that well see
+577duqrWkEU-00743-00155312-00155471 this is the other thing too and
+577duqrWkEU-00744-00155472-00155647 and in a funny way because we have to be
+577duqrWkEU-00745-00155648-00155911 honest historically
+577duqrWkEU-00746-00155912-00156063 christians didn't get this in other
+577duqrWkEU-00747-00156064-00156311 words if you go back to 1400
+577duqrWkEU-00748-00156312-00156487 the christians were oppressive with the
+577duqrWkEU-00749-00156488-00156607 christian faith they forced the
+577duqrWkEU-00750-00156608-00156695 christian faith
+577duqrWkEU-00751-00156696-00157014 it took time for the ideas of the gospel
+577duqrWkEU-00752-00157015-00157119 to work its way
+577duqrWkEU-00753-00157120-00157471 into government and you get luther kind
+577duqrWkEU-00754-00157472-00157654 of gets you closer but luther didn't
+577duqrWkEU-00755-00157655-00157783 understand it
+577duqrWkEU-00756-00157784-00158102 but when you get to america around 1776
+577duqrWkEU-00757-00158103-00158295 they finally figured out
+577duqrWkEU-00758-00158296-00158654 how can we have a system that honors god
+577duqrWkEU-00759-00158655-00158839 that honors people that honors people
+577duqrWkEU-00760-00158840-00159054 who don't believe in god
+577duqrWkEU-00761-00159055-00159278 that honors people that love god that
+577duqrWkEU-00762-00159279-00159431 how do we do this
+577duqrWkEU-00763-00159432-00159607 and all those ideas come out of the
+577duqrWkEU-00764-00159608-00159823 bible but
+577duqrWkEU-00765-00159824-00159999 it's very easy for people to use the
+577duqrWkEU-00766-00160000-00160159 bible for their own you know
+577duqrWkEU-00767-00160160-00160383 things and stuff so when you talk about
+577duqrWkEU-00768-00160384-00160671 values i guess i'm thinking about
+577duqrWkEU-00769-00160672-00160847 there's the one thing that the christian
+577duqrWkEU-00770-00160848-00161031 faith has is called grace
+577duqrWkEU-00771-00161032-00161271 it's called loving our enemies and and
+577duqrWkEU-00772-00161272-00161495 so that even if we disagree
+577duqrWkEU-00773-00161496-00161711 we can still be respectful and love each
+577duqrWkEU-00774-00161712-00161823 other so it's not about
+577duqrWkEU-00775-00161824-00162126 right and wrong it's right and wrong is
+577duqrWkEU-00776-00162127-00162190 real but
+577duqrWkEU-00777-00162191-00162383 we also have to have a way when we
+577duqrWkEU-00778-00162384-00162543 disagree how do we
+577duqrWkEU-00779-00162544-00162726 how do we function and that's that's
+577duqrWkEU-00780-00162727-00162839 part of what i would call christian
+577duqrWkEU-00781-00162840-00163039 culture that the christian culture
+577duqrWkEU-00782-00163040-00163278 christian faith cannot be forced amen
+577duqrWkEU-00783-00163279-00163471 and if you know that
+577duqrWkEU-00784-00163472-00163671 then you you understand that it's
+577duqrWkEU-00785-00163672-00163823 antithetical
+577duqrWkEU-00786-00163824-00164126 to to uh that kind of government the
+577duqrWkEU-00787-00164127-00164319 government has to be really respectful
+577duqrWkEU-00788-00164320-00164399 of people
+577duqrWkEU-00789-00164400-00164599 that they can have their their own faith
+577duqrWkEU-00790-00164600-00164838 and i would say only the christian faith
+577duqrWkEU-00791-00164839-00165151 it's a strong faith but it also respects
+577duqrWkEU-00792-00165152-00165519 the freedom of those not that faith so
+577duqrWkEU-00793-00165520-00165663 because i'm a christian
+577duqrWkEU-00794-00165664-00165895 i would never try to force my faith on
+577duqrWkEU-00795-00165896-00166038 someone with a different faith
+577duqrWkEU-00796-00166039-00166278 because i'm aware you cannot do it you
+577duqrWkEU-00797-00166279-00166438 can enforce the name
+577duqrWkEU-00798-00166439-00166590 i could say okay now you're this now
+577duqrWkEU-00799-00166591-00166743 you're this now you're baptized but it's
+577duqrWkEU-00800-00166744-00166799 meaningless
+577duqrWkEU-00801-00166800-00167071 but the real faith has to come from god
+577duqrWkEU-00802-00167072-00167214 and so this is to me unique to
+577duqrWkEU-00803-00167215-00167302 christianity
+577duqrWkEU-00804-00167303-00167454 definitely definitely yeah well thank
+577duqrWkEU-00805-00167455-00167638 you so much eric you
+577duqrWkEU-00806-00167639-00167838 shared many great points i took some
+577duqrWkEU-00807-00167839-00168031 notes yeah i wish i had more and i'm
+577duqrWkEU-00808-00168032-00168159 going to read your book
+577duqrWkEU-00809-00168160-00168471 but uh the points you made clear i'm
+577duqrWkEU-00810-00168472-00168511 sure
+577duqrWkEU-00811-00168512-00168751 our audience our viewers benefit from
+577duqrWkEU-00812-00168752-00168902 that i'm excited thank you thank you so
+577duqrWkEU-00813-00168903-00168999 much for iran
+577duqrWkEU-00814-00169000-00169311 the future amen iran as the lord
+577duqrWkEU-00815-00169312-00169575 promises in jeremiah 49 38
+577duqrWkEU-00816-00169576-00169814 iran will be transformed by the gospel
+577duqrWkEU-00817-00169815-00169983 amen and it's going to impact not just
+577duqrWkEU-00818-00169984-00170063 the region
+577duqrWkEU-00819-00170064-00170214 the whole world that's written in the
+577duqrWkEU-00820-00170215-00170375 bible so we believe that
+577duqrWkEU-00821-00170376-00170551 and it's going to happen well thank you
+577duqrWkEU-00822-00170552-00170735 so much thank you for being with us
+577duqrWkEU-00823-00170736-00171000 god bless
+577duqrWkEU-00824-00171001-00171315 [Applause]
+57LmDVeCps0-00000-00000000-00000269 join because I'm not seeing in the X
+57LmDVeCps0-00001-00000270-00000784 here and so both Alvaro and Osama I'm
+57LmDVeCps0-00002-00000785-00001043 not seeing them on the screen
+57LmDVeCps0-00003-00001044-00001385 so I was I propose to wait an extra
+57LmDVeCps0-00004-00001386-00001655 minutes and then to start
+57LmDVeCps0-00005-00001655-00002105 my apologies for this
+57LmDVeCps0-00006-00002106-00002339 uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00007-00002340-00002615 I'm not seeing like
+57LmDVeCps0-00008-00002616-00003095 yes I know I can see on the screen that
+57LmDVeCps0-00009-00003096-00003490 the session is already
+57LmDVeCps0-00010-00003492-00004306 live streaming excellent
+57LmDVeCps0-00011-00004307-00004751 so while we wait for Osama to join and
+57LmDVeCps0-00012-00004752-00005075 also Alvaro so the let's just inform the
+57LmDVeCps0-00013-00005076-00005315 technical assistance that we have two
+57LmDVeCps0-00014-00005316-00005645 extra panelists the should join and have
+57LmDVeCps0-00015-00005646-00005983 not joined yet the Osama
+57LmDVeCps0-00016-00005984-00006418 manzar and Alvaro Justin that have not
+57LmDVeCps0-00017-00006419-00006623 uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00018-00006623-00006970 connected yet but I think we can already
+57LmDVeCps0-00019-00006972-00007396 start with this year internet Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00020-00007397-00007864 form so without further Ado let me start
+57LmDVeCps0-00021-00007865-00008141 good morning to everyone and apologies
+57LmDVeCps0-00022-00008142-00008489 for the slides delayed my name is Luca
+57LmDVeCps0-00023-00008490-00008741 belly I'm Professor here at fgv law
+57LmDVeCps0-00024-00008742-00009064 school where I had the
+57LmDVeCps0-00025-00009065-00009341 Center for technology and Society at LGB
+57LmDVeCps0-00026-00009342-00009623 I have also the pleasure of being one of
+57LmDVeCps0-00027-00009624-00009827 the co-founders of these internet
+57LmDVeCps0-00028-00009828-00010199 Commons Forum that now is at its four
+57LmDVeCps0-00029-00010200-00010583 iteration together with my friend Adam
+57LmDVeCps0-00030-00010584-00010817 Burns and enriette and many other
+57LmDVeCps0-00031-00010818-00011338 friends from APC and Beyond so the goal
+57LmDVeCps0-00032-00011339-00011819 actually of this this yearly edition of
+57LmDVeCps0-00033-00011820-00012119 the internet Commons forum is precisely
+57LmDVeCps0-00034-00012120-00012455 to bring into the discussion some
+57LmDVeCps0-00035-00012456-00012827 perspectives that we felt were missing
+57LmDVeCps0-00036-00012828-00013115 from the traditional igr discussions and
+57LmDVeCps0-00037-00013116-00013408 that could be a very impactful for the
+57LmDVeCps0-00038-00013409-00013643 progress of Internet governance
+57LmDVeCps0-00039-00013644-00013961 discussions and indeed and I think we
+57LmDVeCps0-00040-00013962-00014183 will speak about this with Andrea in her
+57LmDVeCps0-00041-00014184-00014411 introduction discussions on digital
+57LmDVeCps0-00042-00014412-00014680 Commons have become over the past couple
+57LmDVeCps0-00043-00014681-00015022 of years very important at the U.N level
+57LmDVeCps0-00044-00015023-00015293 including with the ongoing old efforts
+57LmDVeCps0-00045-00015294-00015833 on the global digital compact so we are
+57LmDVeCps0-00046-00015834-00016007 we have decided to use the classic
+57LmDVeCps0-00047-00016008-00016355 format for this this session that we
+57LmDVeCps0-00048-00016356-00016529 have used already last year so we will
+57LmDVeCps0-00049-00016530-00016775 have two segments with some
+57LmDVeCps0-00050-00016776-00017033 presentations followed by questions and
+57LmDVeCps0-00051-00017034-00017158 answers we will start with an
+57LmDVeCps0-00052-00017159-00017494 introduction by enriette and to before
+57LmDVeCps0-00053-00017495-00017800 and yet sorry we will we still have uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00054-00017801-00018107 we will you will have to bear me and and
+57LmDVeCps0-00055-00018108-00018430 uh Adam for a couple of introductory
+57LmDVeCps0-00056-00018431-00018725 remarks just to contextualize and so
+57LmDVeCps0-00057-00018726-00019013 that everyone is on the same page with
+57LmDVeCps0-00058-00019014-00019247 regard to what we are trying to achieve
+57LmDVeCps0-00059-00019248-00019594 here and why we are here so the main
+57LmDVeCps0-00060-00019595-00019786 reason why we are here as I was
+57LmDVeCps0-00061-00019787-00019985 mentioning before is that we have felt
+57LmDVeCps0-00062-00019986-00020225 over the past years that digital
+57LmDVeCps0-00063-00020226-00020536 comments or Internet comments or Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00064-00020537-00020783 discussions in general were a little bit
+57LmDVeCps0-00065-00020784-00021064 absent from the igf community and so we
+57LmDVeCps0-00066-00021065-00021400 decided to bring them uh inside the igf
+57LmDVeCps0-00067-00021401-00021503 community with a little bit of
+57LmDVeCps0-00068-00021504-00021730 provocation creating an intern Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00069-00021731-00022247 Forum to let's say mimic but in a fun
+57LmDVeCps0-00070-00022248-00022486 hopefully way of course trying to
+57LmDVeCps0-00071-00022487-00022600 contribute to the discussion the
+57LmDVeCps0-00072-00022601-00022780 internet governance form with the
+57LmDVeCps0-00073-00022781-00023028 internet Commons form and the the great
+57LmDVeCps0-00074-00023029-00023291 problem that we have to face here is
+57LmDVeCps0-00075-00023292-00023411 that
+57LmDVeCps0-00076-00023412-00023753 this absence from igf discussions on
+57LmDVeCps0-00077-00023754-00023939 discussions on comments and digital
+57LmDVeCps0-00078-00023940-00024394 Commons reflects a absence of this
+57LmDVeCps0-00079-00024395-00024653 discussion about this alternative this
+57LmDVeCps0-00080-00024654-00024850 third way of governance the common
+57LmDVeCps0-00081-00024851-00025271 governance that is basically visible in
+57LmDVeCps0-00082-00025272-00025678 the mainstream policy and politics and
+57LmDVeCps0-00083-00025679-00025949 that is a Pity because we have seen over
+57LmDVeCps0-00084-00025950-00026064 the past
+57LmDVeCps0-00085-00026066-00026449 decades that actually the commons is a
+57LmDVeCps0-00086-00026450-00026746 very interesting alternative solution
+57LmDVeCps0-00087-00026747-00027143 that complements the classic conception
+57LmDVeCps0-00088-00027144-00027485 of governance based on State and markets
+57LmDVeCps0-00089-00027486-00027790 but to some extent also challenges this
+57LmDVeCps0-00090-00027791-00028145 classic way of organizing resources and
+57LmDVeCps0-00091-00028145-00028512 society and a good very good
+57LmDVeCps0-00092-00028513-00028757 example is provided with regard to
+57LmDVeCps0-00093-00028758-00028967 digital methods is provided by Community
+57LmDVeCps0-00094-00028968-00029212 networks an issue in which I had the
+57LmDVeCps0-00095-00029213-00029387 pleasure to work a lot with other
+57LmDVeCps0-00096-00029388-00029567 friends here from the igf over the past
+57LmDVeCps0-00097-00029568-00029914 10 years almost and again if you think
+57LmDVeCps0-00098-00029916-00030208 about Community networks is crowdforced
+57LmDVeCps0-00099-00030210-00030545 infrastructure a shared design managed
+57LmDVeCps0-00100-00030545-00030802 as a Commons right so it's a very good
+57LmDVeCps0-00101-00030804-00031108 example of how Commons digital Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00102-00031110-00031517 can actually not only exist but Thrive
+57LmDVeCps0-00103-00031518-00031924 be sustainable allow people previously
+57LmDVeCps0-00104-00031925-00032177 in Connected a disconnected people to to
+57LmDVeCps0-00105-00032177-00032446 connect to create new Services new
+57LmDVeCps0-00106-00032447-00032746 content to empower communities and to
+57LmDVeCps0-00107-00032747-00032935 self-determine communities to enjoy
+57LmDVeCps0-00108-00032936-00033161 self-determination or network self
+57LmDVeCps0-00109-00033162-00033335 determination where they like to call it
+57LmDVeCps0-00110-00033336-00033581 to be protagonists of the evolution of
+57LmDVeCps0-00111-00033582-00033767 technology to choose how to use
+57LmDVeCps0-00112-00033768-00034018 technology right so it is uh really
+57LmDVeCps0-00113-00034019-00034307 important to to to to to read to set the
+57LmDVeCps0-00114-00034308-00034540 scene to understand that what the great
+57LmDVeCps0-00115-00034541-00034757 difference from traditional management
+57LmDVeCps0-00116-00034758-00034996 and government system is that the
+57LmDVeCps0-00117-00034997-00035249 community is at the center of the model
+57LmDVeCps0-00118-00035250-00035705 right it is not possible to uh separate
+57LmDVeCps0-00119-00035706-00035939 Community for the resource that is
+57LmDVeCps0-00120-00035940-00036059 managed because the great difference
+57LmDVeCps0-00121-00036060-00036412 between the commons and the other models
+57LmDVeCps0-00122-00036413-00036605 or systems of governance is that the
+57LmDVeCps0-00123-00036606-00036745 commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00124-00036746-00037145 requires the community to understand and
+57LmDVeCps0-00125-00037146-00037505 care about the in the shared interests
+57LmDVeCps0-00126-00037506-00037733 the shared resource that is managed
+57LmDVeCps0-00127-00037734-00037990 which sometimes cannot be economically
+57LmDVeCps0-00128-00037991-00038309 Quantified uh if you think about the
+57LmDVeCps0-00129-00038310-00038668 value of a forest or a thriving
+57LmDVeCps0-00130-00038669-00039133 ecosystem a a
+57LmDVeCps0-00131-00039134-00039568 secure common security or the internet a
+57LmDVeCps0-00132-00039569-00039905 diverse and open internet those are all
+57LmDVeCps0-00133-00039906-00040139 shared resources that are very difficult
+57LmDVeCps0-00134-00040140-00040421 to quantify to meter economically and
+57LmDVeCps0-00135-00040422-00040649 perhaps that is the reason why this kind
+57LmDVeCps0-00136-00040650-00041021 of system is ignored by traditional uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00137-00041022-00041518 mainstream economics or or governance
+57LmDVeCps0-00138-00041519-00041861 but actually although it is it has been
+57LmDVeCps0-00139-00041862-00042130 marginalized is extremely relevant and
+57LmDVeCps0-00140-00042131-00042437 can function again a classic example if
+57LmDVeCps0-00141-00042438-00042640 we bring into discussion is Eleanor
+57LmDVeCps0-00142-00042641-00042874 Ostrom that won a Nobel Prize studying
+57LmDVeCps0-00143-00042875-00043090 the comments and stressing that actually
+57LmDVeCps0-00144-00043091-00043433 is common can be very useful try being
+57LmDVeCps0-00145-00043434-00043768 sustainable as long as there are shared
+57LmDVeCps0-00146-00043769-00044002 principles rules and also enforcement
+57LmDVeCps0-00147-00044003-00044152 mechanism to make sure that people
+57LmDVeCps0-00148-00044153-00044435 respect shared rules to manage the
+57LmDVeCps0-00149-00044436-00044596 common resources and this is precisely
+57LmDVeCps0-00150-00044597-00044758 what we are trying to discuss here with
+57LmDVeCps0-00151-00044759-00045005 bringing into this passion several very
+57LmDVeCps0-00152-00045006-00045239 good example brilliant initiatives and
+57LmDVeCps0-00153-00045240-00045443 people that are working in digital
+57LmDVeCps0-00154-00045444-00045623 Commons so without further Ado I would
+57LmDVeCps0-00155-00045624-00045893 like to now give the floor to my friend
+57LmDVeCps0-00156-00045894-00046051 Adam and then
+57LmDVeCps0-00157-00046052-00046373 get into the the Lively part of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00158-00046374-00046517 discussion with the introduction of
+57LmDVeCps0-00159-00046518-00047417 embryant Please add on the floor resumes
+57LmDVeCps0-00160-00047418-00048095 I think you're muted
+57LmDVeCps0-00161-00048096-00048371 Adam I think you're muted
+57LmDVeCps0-00162-00048372-00048635 oh yeah so I I would like to ask the
+57LmDVeCps0-00163-00048636-00048880 technical assistants to unmute Adam
+57LmDVeCps0-00164-00048881-00049174 Barnes so that he can speak please
+57LmDVeCps0-00165-00049175-00049535 Luca Enrique I have to leave do you mind
+57LmDVeCps0-00166-00049536-00049901 if I make my remarks before Adam because
+57LmDVeCps0-00167-00049902-00050171 I have a session starting at five
+57LmDVeCps0-00168-00050172-00050423 oh no problem so please go anywhere go
+57LmDVeCps0-00169-00050424-00050723 ahead my apologies Adam no problem we
+57LmDVeCps0-00170-00050724-00050921 are really grateful that you can have
+57LmDVeCps0-00171-00050922-00051101 time to be with us today so please go
+57LmDVeCps0-00172-00051102-00051287 ahead it's a bit challenging to know
+57LmDVeCps0-00173-00051288-00051520 where to stand in this room
+57LmDVeCps0-00174-00051521-00051725 um well thank you my name's andreate
+57LmDVeCps0-00175-00051726-00051994 Esther hoyson I'm um from South Africa
+57LmDVeCps0-00176-00051995-00052169 I'm very happy to see you all at an
+57LmDVeCps0-00177-00052170-00052487 African igf I am the past chair of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00178-00052488-00052661 mag and I'm associated with the
+57LmDVeCps0-00179-00052662-00052792 association for Progressive
+57LmDVeCps0-00180-00052794-00053003 Communications and one of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00181-00053004-00053213 organizations that started convening
+57LmDVeCps0-00182-00053214-00053380 this so it's really good to see you all
+57LmDVeCps0-00183-00053382-00053459 here
+57LmDVeCps0-00184-00053460-00053873 and Luca asked me to say a little bit
+57LmDVeCps0-00185-00053874-00054100 about the global digital compact so I'll
+57LmDVeCps0-00186-00054101-00054287 make a few remarks about that because I
+57LmDVeCps0-00187-00054288-00054503 think we just talked we just heard Luca
+57LmDVeCps0-00188-00054504-00054779 talk about the value or the need for
+57LmDVeCps0-00189-00054779-00055049 shared principles and when we're looking
+57LmDVeCps0-00190-00055050-00055265 at the comments and when we we we're
+57LmDVeCps0-00191-00055266-00055450 thinking of the internet as a comments
+57LmDVeCps0-00192-00055451-00055685 and I think in many ways we only just
+57LmDVeCps0-00193-00055686-00055973 starting this conversation of looking at
+57LmDVeCps0-00194-00055974-00056165 the internet as a comments but I think
+57LmDVeCps0-00195-00056166-00056332 in many ways it's actually a
+57LmDVeCps0-00196-00056333-00056494 conversation that's not a new one
+57LmDVeCps0-00197-00056495-00056680 because I think the roots of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00198-00056682-00056980 internet is very much in looking at as a
+57LmDVeCps0-00199-00056982-00057209 comments and the global digital compact
+57LmDVeCps0-00200-00057210-00057400 which you'll all hear a lot about this
+57LmDVeCps0-00201-00057401-00057682 week and a process initiated by the UN
+57LmDVeCps0-00202-00057683-00057916 Secretary General facilitated by the
+57LmDVeCps0-00203-00057917-00058199 tech Envoy of the SG
+57LmDVeCps0-00204-00058200-00058457 um is opening up an open process getting
+57LmDVeCps0-00205-00058458-00058650 input from from the broader
+57LmDVeCps0-00206-00058651-00058907 multi-stakeholder internet governance
+57LmDVeCps0-00207-00058908-00059153 community and lots of other communities
+57LmDVeCps0-00208-00059154-00059423 to come up with some kind of shared
+57LmDVeCps0-00209-00059424-00059716 principles that would then theoretically
+57LmDVeCps0-00210-00059717-00060041 be negotiated and agreed on
+57LmDVeCps0-00211-00060041-00060316 um by member states at the global Summit
+57LmDVeCps0-00212-00060317-00060623 of the future in 2024 they not intended
+57LmDVeCps0-00213-00060624-00060916 to be binding instruments they really
+57LmDVeCps0-00214-00060917-00061132 are just intended to take us a little
+57LmDVeCps0-00215-00061133-00061375 bit closer to having a common framework
+57LmDVeCps0-00216-00061376-00061632 for thinking about the internet
+57LmDVeCps0-00217-00061633-00061888 developing the internet and the digital
+57LmDVeCps0-00218-00061889-00062069 sphere more broadly because the global
+57LmDVeCps0-00219-00062070-00062344 digital compact takes on a much broader
+57LmDVeCps0-00220-00062345-00062554 scope than just the internet but I think
+57LmDVeCps0-00221-00062555-00062753 for those of us that are concerned about
+57LmDVeCps0-00222-00062754-00063004 the internet as a public good about
+57LmDVeCps0-00223-00063005-00063197 public interest perspectives or a
+57LmDVeCps0-00224-00063198-00063407 Commerce perspective on the Internet
+57LmDVeCps0-00225-00063408-00063688 it's an opportunity actually to to look
+57LmDVeCps0-00226-00063689-00063857 at capturing those principles and I
+57LmDVeCps0-00227-00063858-00064030 think the one thing we should try to not
+57LmDVeCps0-00228-00064032-00064379 do with the global digital compact is to
+57LmDVeCps0-00229-00064379-00064750 put too much detail into it and to make
+57LmDVeCps0-00230-00064751-00064859 it
+57LmDVeCps0-00231-00064860-00065069 um a huge big treaty with lots of
+57LmDVeCps0-00232-00065070-00065309 different Provisions it really is an
+57LmDVeCps0-00233-00065310-00065699 opportunity for us to pause to reset
+57LmDVeCps0-00234-00065700-00065932 and to consider what the principles are
+57LmDVeCps0-00235-00065933-00066191 that that that really matter to us in
+57LmDVeCps0-00236-00066192-00066413 the digital space and particularly
+57LmDVeCps0-00237-00066414-00066647 principles that can help us as a global
+57LmDVeCps0-00238-00066648-00066876 and multi-stakeholder community
+57LmDVeCps0-00239-00066877-00067229 and come up with policy and Regulation
+57LmDVeCps0-00240-00067230-00067576 and other practices that that are not
+57LmDVeCps0-00241-00067577-00067894 harmonized in a legalistic manner that
+57LmDVeCps0-00242-00067895-00068243 are harmonized at the level of of broad
+57LmDVeCps0-00243-00068244-00068555 best agreement at the level of values
+57LmDVeCps0-00244-00068556-00068693 and principles
+57LmDVeCps0-00245-00068694-00068897 um but so just my own my own remarks
+57LmDVeCps0-00246-00068898-00069082 here which which I really am so grateful
+57LmDVeCps0-00247-00069083-00069347 that Luca and Adam keep organizing this
+57LmDVeCps0-00248-00069348-00069593 and and everyone who participates in it
+57LmDVeCps0-00249-00069594-00069815 my perspective on this and I think the
+57LmDVeCps0-00250-00069816-00069935 association for Progressive
+57LmDVeCps0-00251-00069936-00070073 Communications is interested in
+57LmDVeCps0-00252-00070074-00070367 exploring business how can we actually
+57LmDVeCps0-00253-00070368-00070613 use the concept of the comments
+57LmDVeCps0-00254-00070614-00070894 or the concept of the public good and
+57LmDVeCps0-00255-00070895-00071044 maybe think
+57LmDVeCps0-00256-00071045-00071267 um about both take elements from both
+57LmDVeCps0-00257-00071268-00071429 they come from slightly different places
+57LmDVeCps0-00258-00071430-00071663 actually very different places
+57LmDVeCps0-00259-00071664-00071929 but use them as a way of almost
+57LmDVeCps0-00260-00071930-00072191 resetting how we think about internet
+57LmDVeCps0-00261-00072192-00072556 governance and as Luca pointed out there
+57LmDVeCps0-00262-00072557-00072838 are tensions around Market based
+57LmDVeCps0-00263-00072839-00073243 approach approaches to to regulating
+57LmDVeCps0-00264-00073244-00073511 organizing and developing the internet
+57LmDVeCps0-00265-00073512-00073709 there are tensions
+57LmDVeCps0-00266-00073710-00074075 um linked to state-based approaches
+57LmDVeCps0-00267-00074076-00074147 um
+57LmDVeCps0-00268-00074148-00074423 and there are also real risks you know
+57LmDVeCps0-00269-00074424-00074585 for many years we've taken the open
+57LmDVeCps0-00270-00074586-00074806 internet for granted we now know we
+57LmDVeCps0-00271-00074807-00075011 can't take it for granted there are
+57LmDVeCps0-00272-00075012-00075238 encroachments from State interventions
+57LmDVeCps0-00273-00075239-00075550 it shut Downs fragmentation or national
+57LmDVeCps0-00274-00075551-00075838 you know setting National boundaries and
+57LmDVeCps0-00275-00075839-00075994 there are encroachments coming from the
+57LmDVeCps0-00276-00075995-00076138 corporate sector
+57LmDVeCps0-00277-00076139-00076325 um in terms of violation of Human Rights
+57LmDVeCps0-00278-00076326-00076738 and the monetization of harmful use and
+57LmDVeCps0-00279-00076739-00076931 increasing the internet seems a place
+57LmDVeCps0-00280-00076932-00077111 that we have to intervene in I think the
+57LmDVeCps0-00281-00077112-00077321 European Union the European commission
+57LmDVeCps0-00282-00077322-00077585 has taken the leadership in in
+57LmDVeCps0-00283-00077586-00077837 attempting to deal with some of some of
+57LmDVeCps0-00284-00077838-00077987 these challenges through regulatory
+57LmDVeCps0-00285-00077988-00078269 responses and we also see the challenges
+57LmDVeCps0-00286-00078270-00078599 related to regulatory responses so
+57LmDVeCps0-00287-00078600-00078803 really um I think that is my message
+57LmDVeCps0-00288-00078804-00079006 here I think that there's a wealth of
+57LmDVeCps0-00289-00079007-00079276 thinking when it comes to to the
+57LmDVeCps0-00290-00079277-00079594 comments that I think we can draw on and
+57LmDVeCps0-00291-00079595-00079912 when we reset and rethink how we
+57LmDVeCps0-00292-00079913-00080147 approach internet governance it's multi
+57LmDVeCps0-00293-00080148-00080315 stakeholder I think that's the other
+57LmDVeCps0-00294-00080316-00080561 thing about a Commons approach it is
+57LmDVeCps0-00295-00080562-00080806 multi-stake called it is inclusive and
+57LmDVeCps0-00296-00080807-00081082 it is it is global
+57LmDVeCps0-00297-00081083-00081256 um so look I think that would be my last
+57LmDVeCps0-00298-00081257-00081467 remark I think um what else did I want
+57LmDVeCps0-00299-00081468-00081629 to stress
+57LmDVeCps0-00300-00081630-00081881 um perhaps just
+57LmDVeCps0-00301-00081882-00082199 um the you know the idea that that if we
+57LmDVeCps0-00302-00082200-00082588 really want to overcome this period of I
+57LmDVeCps0-00303-00082589-00082756 think we're in a little bit of a limbo
+57LmDVeCps0-00304-00082757-00082900 at the moment where there's a
+57LmDVeCps0-00305-00082901-00083147 broad-based recognition that there's a
+57LmDVeCps0-00306-00083148-00083326 need for intervention of some kind
+57LmDVeCps0-00307-00083327-00083555 there's a need for for intervention at
+57LmDVeCps0-00308-00083556-00083753 the market regulation level there's a
+57LmDVeCps0-00309-00083754-00083926 there's a need for intervention at self
+57LmDVeCps0-00310-00083927-00084232 and co-regulation content regulation
+57LmDVeCps0-00311-00084233-00084419 um but that we approach this in a very
+57LmDVeCps0-00312-00084420-00084700 open way looking at what we value most
+57LmDVeCps0-00313-00084701-00084906 about the internet it's openness it's
+57LmDVeCps0-00314-00084907-00085217 inclusiveness its character as a Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00315-00085218-00085391 and as a platform that can grow the
+57LmDVeCps0-00316-00085392-00085606 information comments and other forms of
+57LmDVeCps0-00317-00085607-00085876 comments and but also look at taking
+57LmDVeCps0-00318-00085877-00086111 lessons from other sectors you know
+57LmDVeCps0-00319-00086112-00086326 we've just had the case of Twitter for
+57LmDVeCps0-00320-00086327-00086609 example and is there a way perhaps we
+57LmDVeCps0-00321-00086610-00086794 can take good practice from Market
+57LmDVeCps0-00322-00086795-00087029 regulation where you have mergers and
+57LmDVeCps0-00323-00087030-00087262 Acquisitions in the public sector that
+57LmDVeCps0-00324-00087263-00087556 have to be vetted or reviewed from the
+57LmDVeCps0-00325-00087557-00087803 perspective of what the impact of that
+57LmDVeCps0-00326-00087804-00088012 merger and acquisition will be on the
+57LmDVeCps0-00327-00088013-00088294 public interest so that's that's sort of
+57LmDVeCps0-00328-00088295-00088432 my other takeaway you know let's be
+57LmDVeCps0-00329-00088433-00088744 open-minded let's look at practices from
+57LmDVeCps0-00330-00088745-00088918 The Commons from community-based
+57LmDVeCps0-00331-00088919-00089206 approaches from from the world of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00332-00089207-00089393 market of Market regulation where it
+57LmDVeCps0-00333-00089394-00089561 works where it protects the public
+57LmDVeCps0-00334-00089562-00089791 interest and also from our own
+57LmDVeCps0-00335-00089792-00090161 multi-stakeholder practice and and you
+57LmDVeCps0-00336-00090162-00090329 know all the all the the tools and
+57LmDVeCps0-00337-00090330-00090544 processes that we've created within the
+57LmDVeCps0-00338-00090545-00090773 IGA space back to you look and I'm sorry
+57LmDVeCps0-00339-00090774-00091055 that I can't stay
+57LmDVeCps0-00340-00091056-00091288 thank you very much Andrea actually that
+57LmDVeCps0-00341-00091289-00091582 what you mentioned is is fantastic and I
+57LmDVeCps0-00342-00091583-00091835 mean I think that the Twitter example is
+57LmDVeCps0-00343-00091836-00092176 paradoxically a a very good example of
+57LmDVeCps0-00344-00092177-00092500 what is usually called uh with a very
+57LmDVeCps0-00345-00092501-00092753 wrong definition the tragedy of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00346-00092754-00093071 commons because right classic economies
+57LmDVeCps0-00347-00093072-00093400 think that when you have Commons then it
+57LmDVeCps0-00348-00093401-00093562 leads to failure because of over
+57LmDVeCps0-00349-00093563-00093832 exploitation by people but actually what
+57LmDVeCps0-00350-00093833-00094067 has been demonstrated is that the the
+57LmDVeCps0-00351-00094068-00094259 failure is because of the lack of
+57LmDVeCps0-00352-00094260-00094565 Regulation so a lack of norms that then
+57LmDVeCps0-00353-00094566-00094876 leads to abusive behaviors and that I
+57LmDVeCps0-00354-00094877-00095093 think that Twitter example is a very
+57LmDVeCps0-00355-00095094-00095255 good example for a potentially public
+57LmDVeCps0-00356-00095256-00095543 good a public sphere where people can
+57LmDVeCps0-00357-00095544-00095794 interact it is purchased by one single
+57LmDVeCps0-00358-00095795-00096125 individual that then starts to put do
+57LmDVeCps0-00359-00096126-00096376 whatever the hell he wants with no
+57LmDVeCps0-00360-00096377-00096673 limitations because there is no shared
+57LmDVeCps0-00361-00096674-00096953 governance system impeding him or
+57LmDVeCps0-00362-00096954-00097168 whoever or I mean whatever other
+57LmDVeCps0-00363-00097169-00097432 billionaire uh doing this so that is
+57LmDVeCps0-00364-00097433-00097679 it's very useful to have to bring these
+57LmDVeCps0-00365-00097680-00097888 examples into discussion and please I
+57LmDVeCps0-00366-00097889-00098068 would like now to give the floor to to
+57LmDVeCps0-00367-00098069-00098303 Adam for his initial remarks and then we
+57LmDVeCps0-00368-00098304-00098615 can really get into what uh it promises
+57LmDVeCps0-00369-00098616-00098771 to be an interesting and reliable
+57LmDVeCps0-00370-00098772-00098932 discussion please Adam the floor is
+57LmDVeCps0-00371-00098933-00100021 yours
+57LmDVeCps0-00372-00100022-00100559 uh hello everybody I cannot uh enable my
+57LmDVeCps0-00373-00100560-00101591 video at the moment
+57LmDVeCps0-00374-00101592-00101831 yes we would like to ask the technical
+57LmDVeCps0-00375-00101832-00102209 assistance to enable Adam Burns video as
+57LmDVeCps0-00376-00102210-00102293 well
+57LmDVeCps0-00377-00102294-00102906 thank you very much thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-00378-00102907-00103084 anyway
+57LmDVeCps0-00379-00103085-00103168 um
+57LmDVeCps0-00380-00103169-00103468 Henrietta as always brought up
+57LmDVeCps0-00381-00103469-00103625 some
+57LmDVeCps0-00382-00103626-00104921 Central
+57LmDVeCps0-00383-00104922-00105089 and uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00384-00105090-00105316 seeing as we're running
+57LmDVeCps0-00385-00105317-00105586 a
+57LmDVeCps0-00386-00105588-00105869 would like to introduce
+57LmDVeCps0-00387-00105870-00106007 our first
+57LmDVeCps0-00388-00106008-00106228 strain away
+57LmDVeCps0-00389-00106229-00106343 um
+57LmDVeCps0-00390-00106344-00106547 summer months are
+57LmDVeCps0-00391-00106548-00106858 founded sounding and founder director of
+57LmDVeCps0-00392-00106859-00106997 the digital in the empowerment
+57LmDVeCps0-00393-00106998-00107140 Foundation
+57LmDVeCps0-00394-00107141-00109139 empowering 40 30 million people
+57LmDVeCps0-00395-00109140-00109675 common sense
+57LmDVeCps0-00396-00109676-00110207 I still do not have video enabled and so
+57LmDVeCps0-00397-00110208-00110531 without further Ado perhaps our summer
+57LmDVeCps0-00398-00110532-00110747 can be a bit more successful with both
+57LmDVeCps0-00399-00110748-00111490 audio and video
+57LmDVeCps0-00400-00111491-00111797 host could you please enable Osama
+57LmDVeCps0-00401-00111798-00113051 manzar in both audio and video
+57LmDVeCps0-00402-00113052-00113273 so we would like to request technical
+57LmDVeCps0-00403-00113274-00113633 assistance to enable Mr Osama manzar
+57LmDVeCps0-00404-00113633-00114053 audio and video thank you very much
+57LmDVeCps0-00405-00114054-00114352 [Music]
+57LmDVeCps0-00406-00114353-00114586 hi good evening
+57LmDVeCps0-00407-00114588-00114827 good morning
+57LmDVeCps0-00408-00114828-00115163 am I Audible
+57LmDVeCps0-00409-00115164-00115534 you are audible but no video signal yet
+57LmDVeCps0-00410-00115535-00115907 yeah I am trying to push the button but
+57LmDVeCps0-00411-00115908-00115997 uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00412-00115998-00116213 the iPad is saying you are not allowed
+57LmDVeCps0-00413-00116214-00116704 you are disabled
+57LmDVeCps0-00414-00116705-00116927 yeah that's the that's the first
+57LmDVeCps0-00415-00116928-00117545 challenge to internet comments I guess
+57LmDVeCps0-00416-00117546-00117923 yes no I think I think I'm online now uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00417-00117924-00118127 thank you very much thanks Adam and
+57LmDVeCps0-00418-00118128-00118433 thanks uh Luca uh it's always brilliant
+57LmDVeCps0-00419-00118433-00118601 to be here
+57LmDVeCps0-00420-00118602-00118925 um I was expecting to join speaking a
+57LmDVeCps0-00421-00118926-00119128 little later half but thank you very
+57LmDVeCps0-00422-00119129-00119569 much for pushing me to come forward uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00423-00119570-00119940 as a starting comment I would
+57LmDVeCps0-00424-00119941-00120401 I would very much like to Eco watch uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00425-00120402-00120701 you know Andrew had said earlier uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00426-00120702-00121139 about the preciseness of our message and
+57LmDVeCps0-00427-00121140-00121408 also you know voicing it for digital
+57LmDVeCps0-00428-00121409-00121595 Compact and bringing all the voices
+57LmDVeCps0-00429-00121596-00121889 together in fact I was in New York just
+57LmDVeCps0-00430-00121890-00122086 about a couple of weeks back and I met
+57LmDVeCps0-00431-00122088-00122473 an Envoy of Technology on technology and
+57LmDVeCps0-00432-00122474-00122897 uh we are actually decided to work
+57LmDVeCps0-00433-00122898-00123269 together to bring in the voices not
+57LmDVeCps0-00434-00123270-00123725 heard and you know uh and and I would
+57LmDVeCps0-00435-00123726-00124013 like to bring in the concern of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00436-00124014-00124360 voices not heard on this platform which
+57LmDVeCps0-00437-00124361-00124558 is very important when we are talking
+57LmDVeCps0-00438-00124559-00125081 about internet Commons uh uh there is
+57LmDVeCps0-00439-00125082-00125231 something called right to information
+57LmDVeCps0-00440-00125232-00125590 right to food right to connectivity but
+57LmDVeCps0-00441-00125591-00125825 do we have access you know after giving
+57LmDVeCps0-00442-00125826-00126136 rights we take away the access or we do
+57LmDVeCps0-00443-00126138-00126460 not give the access and if we talk about
+57LmDVeCps0-00444-00126461-00126677 internet Commons it's extremely
+57LmDVeCps0-00445-00126678-00127001 important to know that uh just by making
+57LmDVeCps0-00446-00127002-00127301 Internet available is this really
+57LmDVeCps0-00447-00127302-00127601 available and accessible to me if I am
+57LmDVeCps0-00448-00127602-00127889 living as a tribal person not to
+57LmDVeCps0-00449-00127890-00128063 speaking the language that the world
+57LmDVeCps0-00450-00128064-00128465 understands and uh and and and I live in
+57LmDVeCps0-00451-00128466-00128699 a place where not even electricity comes
+57LmDVeCps0-00452-00128700-00129083 not shortcoms uh nothing comes and you
+57LmDVeCps0-00453-00129083-00129325 still make a policy that actually
+57LmDVeCps0-00454-00129326-00129601 requires me to give my bio electric
+57LmDVeCps0-00455-00129602-00129947 authentication to get my ration or to
+57LmDVeCps0-00456-00129948-00130349 get my education or to get my withdrawal
+57LmDVeCps0-00457-00130350-00130613 of money and so on and so forth
+57LmDVeCps0-00458-00130614-00130973 so uh so the Journey of internet and
+57LmDVeCps0-00459-00130974-00131266 internet Commons in the last 25 30 years
+57LmDVeCps0-00460-00131267-00131537 is that while we claim that we have
+57LmDVeCps0-00461-00131538-00131969 connected half the world uh we are still
+57LmDVeCps0-00462-00131970-00132395 making internet uncommon to the rest of
+57LmDVeCps0-00463-00132396-00132725 the half of the world and difficult and
+57LmDVeCps0-00464-00132726-00133151 of not affordable and not available in
+57LmDVeCps0-00465-00133152-00133427 my natural language in my natural medium
+57LmDVeCps0-00466-00133428-00133883 in my natural ecosystem and how do we
+57LmDVeCps0-00467-00133884-00134231 how do we get that how do we do that how
+57LmDVeCps0-00468-00134232-00134501 can we make not my language internet
+57LmDVeCps0-00469-00134502-00134728 enabled but can we make internet
+57LmDVeCps0-00470-00134729-00135052 language in English or by medium enabled
+57LmDVeCps0-00471-00135053-00135299 the medium that I like the medium that I
+57LmDVeCps0-00472-00135300-00135466 can Avail the medium that I am
+57LmDVeCps0-00473-00135467-00135671 comfortable with the medium that I can
+57LmDVeCps0-00474-00135672-00135989 afford and the and so on and so forth
+57LmDVeCps0-00475-00135990-00136321 the and and working in Indian
+57LmDVeCps0-00476-00136322-00136799 subcontinent uh as you know we have this
+57LmDVeCps0-00477-00136800-00137057 privilege to have hundreds of languages
+57LmDVeCps0-00478-00137058-00137387 hundreds of culture hundreds of regions
+57LmDVeCps0-00479-00137388-00137669 all kind of from Coastal to Geographic
+57LmDVeCps0-00480-00137670-00137890 challenges of ills and evalias and all
+57LmDVeCps0-00481-00137891-00138316 that we somehow have an ecosystem of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00482-00138317-00138599 remoteness of the geography and the you
+57LmDVeCps0-00483-00138600-00138802 know affordability challenges as well
+57LmDVeCps0-00484-00138803-00139097 and therefore I would say taking example
+57LmDVeCps0-00485-00139098-00139313 of India but for the whole Global world
+57LmDVeCps0-00486-00139314-00139685 is the people who are not connected yet
+57LmDVeCps0-00487-00139686-00139913 are the people are the most desirable
+57LmDVeCps0-00488-00139914-00140075 are the people who are the most
+57LmDVeCps0-00489-00140076-00140309 challenging in terms of affordability in
+57LmDVeCps0-00490-00140310-00140585 terms of accessibility in terms of uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00491-00140586-00140735 affordability
+57LmDVeCps0-00492-00140736-00141154 and and how can we actually bring in a
+57LmDVeCps0-00493-00141155-00141466 principles under internet Commons to
+57LmDVeCps0-00494-00141467-00141773 help to go to digital compact
+57LmDVeCps0-00495-00141774-00142019 discussions or to go to U.N discussions
+57LmDVeCps0-00496-00142020-00142237 and to go to various International
+57LmDVeCps0-00497-00142238-00142690 policies of various countries that how
+57LmDVeCps0-00498-00142691-00143064 how can we make this most important
+57LmDVeCps0-00499-00143065-00143483 infrastructural uh you know necessity
+57LmDVeCps0-00500-00143484-00143789 are most commonly available most easily
+57LmDVeCps0-00501-00143790-00144071 available and most uh you know
+57LmDVeCps0-00502-00144072-00144269 affordably available
+57LmDVeCps0-00503-00144270-00144628 and I don't have to uh really stress
+57LmDVeCps0-00504-00144629-00144839 that what kind of examples we have we
+57LmDVeCps0-00505-00144840-00145031 all know that you know if you go through
+57LmDVeCps0-00506-00145032-00145240 the statistical data which language is
+57LmDVeCps0-00507-00145241-00145457 the highest on internet which what kind
+57LmDVeCps0-00508-00145458-00145661 of people highest on the internet what
+57LmDVeCps0-00509-00145662-00145852 kind of people highest and well
+57LmDVeCps0-00510-00145853-00146237 connected but having said that uh on
+57LmDVeCps0-00511-00146238-00146411 this platform we would like to challenge
+57LmDVeCps0-00512-00146412-00146716 ourselves to take responsibility to
+57LmDVeCps0-00513-00146717-00146951 bring in Internet comments principle to
+57LmDVeCps0-00514-00146952-00147119 the doorstep of the people who are not
+57LmDVeCps0-00515-00147120-00147875 connected thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-00516-00147876-00148228 thank you very much Osama and that's a
+57LmDVeCps0-00517-00148229-00148457 very good way to start connecting the
+57LmDVeCps0-00518-00148458-00148902 dots and also with a little bit of uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00519-00148903-00149237 well-deserved criticism I mean it's very
+57LmDVeCps0-00520-00149238-00149471 it's essential what the point that you
+57LmDVeCps0-00521-00149472-00149747 are making this uh why we claim that we
+57LmDVeCps0-00522-00149748-00150047 have half of the word uh connected but
+57LmDVeCps0-00523-00150048-00150364 actually that is the the easiest half
+57LmDVeCps0-00524-00150365-00150535 the most
+57LmDVeCps0-00525-00150536-00150790 homogeneous and easy to connect half
+57LmDVeCps0-00526-00150791-00150913 then
+57LmDVeCps0-00527-00150914-00151264 it's much harder to connect the rest and
+57LmDVeCps0-00528-00151265-00151595 it will be even more hard if we do not
+57LmDVeCps0-00529-00151596-00151769 think that the rest that is not
+57LmDVeCps0-00530-00151770-00152011 connected yet has also the
+57LmDVeCps0-00531-00152012-00152249 characteristics specificities that need
+57LmDVeCps0-00532-00152250-00152525 to be not only respected but also
+57LmDVeCps0-00533-00152526-00152814 preserved and cannot be eradicated
+57LmDVeCps0-00534-00152815-00153185 simply because it is more convenient or
+57LmDVeCps0-00535-00153186-00153389 cheaper to use existing strategies that
+57LmDVeCps0-00536-00153390-00153652 of course have limits right to speak
+57LmDVeCps0-00537-00153653-00153851 about this actually there is it's very
+57LmDVeCps0-00538-00153852-00154187 good to have as next speaker Nicolas
+57LmDVeCps0-00539-00154188-00154540 enchantis our very good friend that also
+57LmDVeCps0-00540-00154541-00154769 has been contributing over the past
+57LmDVeCps0-00541-00154770-00155011 years in from each Network discussions
+57LmDVeCps0-00542-00155012-00155476 not only with regard to uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00543-00155477-00155740 how Community networks work but really
+57LmDVeCps0-00544-00155741-00156011 to create uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00545-00156012-00156316 we can call them digital Goods digital
+57LmDVeCps0-00546-00156317-00156761 common goods new platforms hard new
+57LmDVeCps0-00547-00156762-00156947 hardware and software Open Source
+57LmDVeCps0-00548-00156948-00157216 Hardware and software that has enabled
+57LmDVeCps0-00549-00157217-00157421 really literally thousands of people to
+57LmDVeCps0-00550-00157422-00157589 to have access to the internet we have
+57LmDVeCps0-00551-00157590-00157883 connectivity to produce to create new
+57LmDVeCps0-00552-00157884-00158147 content services and culture please Nico
+57LmDVeCps0-00553-00158148-00158333 us the floor is yours and I would like
+57LmDVeCps0-00554-00158334-00158507 to ask the technical assistance to
+57LmDVeCps0-00555-00158508-00159481 enable his audio as well thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-00556-00159482-00159928 hello ah yeah I'm unmuted now
+57LmDVeCps0-00557-00159929-00160211 thank you very much uh for the
+57LmDVeCps0-00558-00160212-00160481 introduction Luca
+57LmDVeCps0-00559-00160482-00160564 um
+57LmDVeCps0-00560-00160565-00161104 I was thinking about a few points
+57LmDVeCps0-00561-00161105-00161566 um at alter Mundi we work in the
+57LmDVeCps0-00562-00161567-00161837 development of Technology of Open Source
+57LmDVeCps0-00563-00161838-00162226 technology both hardware and software
+57LmDVeCps0-00564-00162227-00162671 and we are usually confronted uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00565-00162672-00162851 with the
+57LmDVeCps0-00566-00162852-00163147 standard way of doing
+57LmDVeCps0-00567-00163148-00163381 software Hardware
+57LmDVeCps0-00568-00163382-00163714 uh internet deployment
+57LmDVeCps0-00569-00163715-00163823 Etc
+57LmDVeCps0-00570-00163824-00164219 and to us it's interesting that
+57LmDVeCps0-00571-00164220-00164326 um
+57LmDVeCps0-00572-00164327-00164740 the internet which was like ideally born
+57LmDVeCps0-00573-00164741-00165043 as a Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00574-00165044-00165599 is uh uh is now in a state where Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00575-00165600-00165725 is not
+57LmDVeCps0-00576-00165726-00166073 the Common Ground no it's not uh the
+57LmDVeCps0-00577-00166074-00166187 standard
+57LmDVeCps0-00578-00166188-00166475 it's like for example when you receive
+57LmDVeCps0-00579-00166476-00166621 your
+57LmDVeCps0-00580-00166622-00166966 autonomous system number and your IP
+57LmDVeCps0-00581-00166967-00167154 blocks
+57LmDVeCps0-00582-00167155-00167699 uh you negotiate your bgp border with a
+57LmDVeCps0-00583-00167700-00167975 network for example in our case with the
+57LmDVeCps0-00584-00167976-00168497 National University of Cordoba and
+57LmDVeCps0-00585-00168498-00168863 but then we are blocked Upstream
+57LmDVeCps0-00586-00168864-00169181 our autonomous system number is blocked
+57LmDVeCps0-00587-00169182-00169331 Upstream
+57LmDVeCps0-00588-00169332-00169793 and there is no uh technical issue here
+57LmDVeCps0-00589-00169794-00170159 it's just an administrative issue and
+57LmDVeCps0-00590-00170160-00170711 it's a big fish decision no like the the
+57LmDVeCps0-00591-00170712-00171101 big fish here in this example is the
+57LmDVeCps0-00592-00171102-00171275 state operator
+57LmDVeCps0-00593-00171276-00171449 alsat Network
+57LmDVeCps0-00594-00171450-00171778 which decides that it will not root
+57LmDVeCps0-00595-00171779-00172145 traffic coming from autonomous system
+57LmDVeCps0-00596-00172146-00172499 numbers that are behind the system
+57LmDVeCps0-00597-00172500-00172789 numbers they are connecting
+57LmDVeCps0-00598-00172790-00173237 unless you ask for it specifically and
+57LmDVeCps0-00599-00173238-00173531 you are convincing it's like it's not
+57LmDVeCps0-00600-00173532-00173711 granted
+57LmDVeCps0-00601-00173712-00174028 and this is completely broken like the
+57LmDVeCps0-00602-00174029-00174335 internet is broken when you do this
+57LmDVeCps0-00603-00174336-00174833 and to us this is a a a perfect example
+57LmDVeCps0-00604-00174834-00175139 of how the internet works nowadays it's
+57LmDVeCps0-00605-00175140-00175609 mostly concentrated by big operators
+57LmDVeCps0-00606-00175610-00175997 uh the biggest ones are private and then
+57LmDVeCps0-00607-00175998-00176376 we have in some places we have important
+57LmDVeCps0-00608-00176377-00176614 state actors
+57LmDVeCps0-00609-00176615-00176957 but even the state Networks
+57LmDVeCps0-00610-00176958-00177437 still take the decisions based on
+57LmDVeCps0-00611-00177438-00177790 on Market observation and on Market
+57LmDVeCps0-00612-00177791-00177995 rules
+57LmDVeCps0-00613-00177996-00178235 um and for us this is this is really
+57LmDVeCps0-00614-00178236-00178625 strange it's like I go to talk with the
+57LmDVeCps0-00615-00178626-00179009 state and I say well if you can provide
+57LmDVeCps0-00616-00179010-00179476 us with uh transport over your fiber
+57LmDVeCps0-00617-00179477-00179566 Network
+57LmDVeCps0-00618-00179567-00179926 which means that we won't cross your
+57LmDVeCps0-00619-00179927-00180221 network towards another network no
+57LmDVeCps0-00620-00180222-00180502 transport is just over
+57LmDVeCps0-00621-00180503-00180904 your network uh so this doesn't have an
+57LmDVeCps0-00622-00180905-00181049 external cost
+57LmDVeCps0-00623-00181050-00181313 it's just using
+57LmDVeCps0-00624-00181314-00181709 um capacity that is there that is unused
+57LmDVeCps0-00625-00181710-00181888 and we
+57LmDVeCps0-00626-00181889-00182125 a common based
+57LmDVeCps0-00627-00182126-00182507 initiative are asking you the state who
+57LmDVeCps0-00628-00182508-00182851 have the Mandate who has the mandate to
+57LmDVeCps0-00629-00182852-00183295 bring communication and relevant access
+57LmDVeCps0-00630-00183296-00183581 to every citizen
+57LmDVeCps0-00631-00183582-00183983 to just share a resource
+57LmDVeCps0-00632-00183984-00184204 or which you have no cost
+57LmDVeCps0-00633-00184205-00184745 yes and I even like write the
+57LmDVeCps0-00634-00184746-00184801 the
+57LmDVeCps0-00635-00184802-00185116 contract to do this uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00636-00185117-00185507 eagerly like uh it's all there you know
+57LmDVeCps0-00637-00185508-00185831 what we will do what we won't do all the
+57LmDVeCps0-00638-00185832-00186035 specifications we cannot do whatever you
+57LmDVeCps0-00639-00186036-00186113 need
+57LmDVeCps0-00640-00186114-00186485 and usually they start by saying this
+57LmDVeCps0-00641-00186486-00186802 this is quite logical this makes sense
+57LmDVeCps0-00642-00186803-00187247 but then it gets stranded somewhere in
+57LmDVeCps0-00643-00187248-00187381 bureaucracy
+57LmDVeCps0-00644-00187382-00187702 it's like it's impossible we at least
+57LmDVeCps0-00645-00187703-00187954 haven't been able to convince a state
+57LmDVeCps0-00646-00187955-00188333 operator being that a national or a
+57LmDVeCps0-00647-00188334-00188716 regional operator about the
+57LmDVeCps0-00648-00188717-00188981 convenience of sharing their network
+57LmDVeCps0-00649-00188982-00189257 with Community networks and the
+57LmDVeCps0-00650-00189258-00189595 conveniences both ways because
+57LmDVeCps0-00651-00189596-00189857 Community Networks
+57LmDVeCps0-00652-00189858-00190337 would very much profit from having a
+57LmDVeCps0-00653-00190338-00190619 access to a big
+57LmDVeCps0-00654-00190620-00190919 fiber Network in the region because they
+57LmDVeCps0-00655-00190920-00191176 could interconnect different Community
+57LmDVeCps0-00656-00191177-00191525 networks in different small villages and
+57LmDVeCps0-00657-00191526-00191878 the exchange content culture
+57LmDVeCps0-00658-00191879-00192461 Etc but also they could share whatever
+57LmDVeCps0-00659-00192462-00192538 um
+57LmDVeCps0-00660-00192539-00192940 International Transit agreements they
+57LmDVeCps0-00661-00192941-00193151 have like for example we have an
+57LmDVeCps0-00662-00193152-00193428 agreement with the university
+57LmDVeCps0-00663-00193429-00193747 National University of Cordova where
+57LmDVeCps0-00664-00193748-00194166 altarmundi uses all the
+57LmDVeCps0-00665-00194167-00194566 the bandwidth that is not being used by
+57LmDVeCps0-00666-00194567-00194914 the university and it is shared with a
+57LmDVeCps0-00667-00194915-00195311 number about 12 Community Networks
+57LmDVeCps0-00668-00195312-00195425 yes
+57LmDVeCps0-00669-00195426-00195983 if we could use the state fiber Network
+57LmDVeCps0-00670-00195984-00196243 we could bring this
+57LmDVeCps0-00671-00196244-00196702 this bandwidth to many many more
+57LmDVeCps0-00672-00196703-00196973 Community networks that are not
+57LmDVeCps0-00673-00196974-00197197 accessible to us because of the distance
+57LmDVeCps0-00674-00197198-00197597 but that could connect to the state
+57LmDVeCps0-00675-00197598-00197940 fiber Network and the university
+57LmDVeCps0-00676-00197941-00198497 bandwidth is like very big in in
+57LmDVeCps0-00677-00198498-00198749 comparison to what community networks
+57LmDVeCps0-00678-00198750-00199043 need so all the resources are there like
+57LmDVeCps0-00679-00199044-00199223 the university wants to share
+57LmDVeCps0-00680-00199224-00199488 International Transit the communities
+57LmDVeCps0-00681-00199489-00199907 needed the state provider has the
+57LmDVeCps0-00682-00199908-00200164 network to interconnect all of this and
+57LmDVeCps0-00683-00200165-00200495 no one has to lose a penny and nobody
+57LmDVeCps0-00684-00200496-00200975 will be earning a penny over this it is
+57LmDVeCps0-00685-00200976-00201202 just bringing connectivity
+57LmDVeCps0-00686-00201203-00201526 but still they won't understand it
+57LmDVeCps0-00687-00201527-00201761 because they don't think about the
+57LmDVeCps0-00688-00201762-00202121 internet from an A Commons perspective
+57LmDVeCps0-00689-00202122-00202264 perspective
+57LmDVeCps0-00690-00202265-00202685 and so we are working with this uh very
+57LmDVeCps0-00691-00202686-00203033 specifically we think it's needed for
+57LmDVeCps0-00692-00203034-00203302 the state operators to understand this
+57LmDVeCps0-00693-00203303-00203566 concept and even here in Argentina where
+57LmDVeCps0-00694-00203567-00203819 we have been very successful with
+57LmDVeCps0-00695-00203820-00204214 programs from the regulator regarding
+57LmDVeCps0-00696-00204215-00204487 funding for Community networks using
+57LmDVeCps0-00697-00204488-00205008 Universal service fund money even
+57LmDVeCps0-00698-00205009-00205546 uh we still are not able to convince the
+57LmDVeCps0-00699-00205548-00205879 stage operator to work from this
+57LmDVeCps0-00700-00205880-00206332 Frame of Mind when it uh its regards to
+57LmDVeCps0-00701-00206333-00206573 the transport over the network
+57LmDVeCps0-00702-00206573-00206801 and another small issue do I have a
+57LmDVeCps0-00703-00206802-00207119 couple more minutes Luca or yep
+57LmDVeCps0-00704-00207119-00207490 and another issue that is uh to us very
+57LmDVeCps0-00705-00207491-00207796 important regarding the commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00706-00207798-00207869 um
+57LmDVeCps0-00707-00207869-00208201 is devices and Technology
+57LmDVeCps0-00708-00208202-00208655 what are the end users
+57LmDVeCps0-00709-00208656-00209184 using to access culture nowadays we have
+57LmDVeCps0-00710-00209185-00209671 cornered to the use of mobile devices
+57LmDVeCps0-00711-00209671-00209832 which
+57LmDVeCps0-00712-00209833-00210251 are not always connected to a power
+57LmDVeCps0-00713-00210252-00210512 outlets which
+57LmDVeCps0-00714-00210513-00210803 [Music]
+57LmDVeCps0-00715-00210804-00211163 not just use it is meter
+57LmDVeCps0-00716-00211164-00211601 limited storage and we have a limited
+57LmDVeCps0-00717-00211602-00211769 capacity
+57LmDVeCps0-00718-00211769-00212296 and all of this which is uh what most of
+57LmDVeCps0-00719-00212298-00212525 the people uses to connect to the
+57LmDVeCps0-00720-00212526-00212621 network
+57LmDVeCps0-00721-00212621-00213101 creates a network of uh consumers of
+57LmDVeCps0-00722-00213102-00213496 consumer and users when you need to
+57LmDVeCps0-00723-00213498-00213779 store your own family photographs
+57LmDVeCps0-00724-00213780-00213994 instead of storing them on your own
+57LmDVeCps0-00725-00213996-00214242 devices you will store it
+57LmDVeCps0-00726-00214244-00214565 miles away hundreds thousands of miles
+57LmDVeCps0-00727-00214566-00214758 away in the
+57LmDVeCps0-00728-00214759-00214981 quote-unquote cloud
+57LmDVeCps0-00729-00214982-00215356 uh we believe that we need to push back
+57LmDVeCps0-00730-00215357-00215603 we need to push back regarding what's
+57LmDVeCps0-00731-00215604-00215879 the technology that we use to connect to
+57LmDVeCps0-00732-00215880-00216160 the internet because otherwise we are
+57LmDVeCps0-00733-00216161-00216448 limited by both the hardware and
+57LmDVeCps0-00734-00216450-00216846 software and services that are provided
+57LmDVeCps0-00735-00216848-00217260 as a mass product
+57LmDVeCps0-00736-00217261-00217889 and we are cornered in this uh in this
+57LmDVeCps0-00737-00217890-00218273 idea that we are only consumers and we
+57LmDVeCps0-00738-00218273-00218525 cannot produce and we cannot provide
+57LmDVeCps0-00739-00218526-00218753 content from our device
+57LmDVeCps0-00740-00218754-00219029 so we believe that we need also to work
+57LmDVeCps0-00741-00219030-00219277 a lot on this front
+57LmDVeCps0-00742-00219278-00219748 we are giving software already for some
+57LmDVeCps0-00743-00219750-00220171 years according called
+57LmDVeCps0-00744-00220171-00220456 repository the cultural repository which
+57LmDVeCps0-00745-00220457-00220817 is a distributed repository of culture
+57LmDVeCps0-00746-00220817-00221105 and we are working on this matter like
+57LmDVeCps0-00747-00221106-00221287 how do we
+57LmDVeCps0-00748-00221288-00221734 add an additional device to mobile
+57LmDVeCps0-00749-00221735-00222196 devices so that families can share a
+57LmDVeCps0-00750-00222198-00222577 sort of local Cloud where they can store
+57LmDVeCps0-00751-00222578-00222787 their own
+57LmDVeCps0-00752-00222788-00223027 culture their own
+57LmDVeCps0-00753-00223028-00223367 Productions their own content and then
+57LmDVeCps0-00754-00223367-00223841 share through the phone but owning what
+57LmDVeCps0-00755-00223842-00224273 is the first instead of uh giving it for
+57LmDVeCps0-00756-00224273-00224644 free to corporations to make money and
+57LmDVeCps0-00757-00224646-00224963 manipulate the public
+57LmDVeCps0-00758-00224964-00226498 okay so I think that's it for now
+57LmDVeCps0-00759-00226500-00227339 yet um
+57LmDVeCps0-00760-00227340-00227494 the governance in the comments
+57LmDVeCps0-00761-00227496-00228167 perspective
+57LmDVeCps0-00762-00228167-00228431 down to just practical every day
+57LmDVeCps0-00763-00228432-00228731 from the technical administration of
+57LmDVeCps0-00764-00228732-00229342 trying to connect
+57LmDVeCps0-00765-00229344-00229648 congratization of a
+57LmDVeCps0-00766-00229650-00229919 our own personal data and indeed our
+57LmDVeCps0-00767-00229919-00230141 regional culture
+57LmDVeCps0-00768-00230142-00230381 so I think you wrapped up so many layers
+57LmDVeCps0-00769-00230382-00230927 of the commons as a stack
+57LmDVeCps0-00770-00230928-00231221 thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-00771-00231221-00231569 it also touches I think on some of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00772-00231569-00231779 Sam's points and that is you know the
+57LmDVeCps0-00773-00231780-00232067 lack of autumn
+57LmDVeCps0-00774-00232067-00232558 after access that we have
+57LmDVeCps0-00775-00232559-00232810 so it really does seem to me that this
+57LmDVeCps0-00776-00232811-00233044 year's topic of the internet as a
+57LmDVeCps0-00777-00233046-00234953 Commons needs to
+57LmDVeCps0-00778-00234954-00235246 instant articles them so
+57LmDVeCps0-00779-00235248-00235582 we we need to look at ways in which this
+57LmDVeCps0-00780-00235583-00235901 uh larger stack really can be
+57LmDVeCps0-00781-00235902-00236153 a government in a way more compatible
+57LmDVeCps0-00782-00236154-00236717 with
+57LmDVeCps0-00783-00236717-00236927 like yourself because who haven't given
+57LmDVeCps0-00784-00236928-00237101 up hope yet
+57LmDVeCps0-00785-00237102-00237317 um and most of them are emerging from
+57LmDVeCps0-00786-00237317-00237898 the edges
+57LmDVeCps0-00787-00237900-00238163 especially in our
+57LmDVeCps0-00788-00238164-00239206 Morocco
+57LmDVeCps0-00789-00239207-00240067 go and Ramon and many other people
+57LmDVeCps0-00790-00240067-00240413 I would like to just before I introduce
+57LmDVeCps0-00791-00240414-00240755 the next speaker I would just like to
+57LmDVeCps0-00792-00240756-00241055 check whether Jane cotham is actually a
+57LmDVeCps0-00793-00241056-00241667 president
+57LmDVeCps0-00794-00241667-00241960 uh yeah unfortunately Jane is not able
+57LmDVeCps0-00795-00241961-00242219 to connect now because she's in transit
+57LmDVeCps0-00796-00242219-00242531 and maybe we can take advantage of her
+57LmDVeCps0-00797-00242532-00242975 absence to have a quick 10 minutes uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00798-00242976-00243292 slot of questions from the from the
+57LmDVeCps0-00799-00243294-00243641 audience and participants in in Addis
+57LmDVeCps0-00800-00243642-00243851 Ababa I have seen that there is already
+57LmDVeCps0-00801-00243852-00244156 some interesting question in the chat so
+57LmDVeCps0-00802-00244157-00244487 maybe we can take one just to break a
+57LmDVeCps0-00803-00244488-00244673 little bit between this first slot and
+57LmDVeCps0-00804-00244673-00244877 the next one I've seen that there is an
+57LmDVeCps0-00805-00244878-00245267 interesting one by sivas Runyan on the
+57LmDVeCps0-00806-00245267-00245608 question of ownership of platforms and
+57LmDVeCps0-00807-00245609-00245939 so and also open source community so
+57LmDVeCps0-00808-00245940-00246227 what uh Siva is asking what safeguards
+57LmDVeCps0-00809-00246228-00246605 are thought of or to prevent the
+57LmDVeCps0-00810-00246606-00246667 governance
+57LmDVeCps0-00811-00246669-00247315 [Music]
+57LmDVeCps0-00812-00247316-00247637 which is indeed
+57LmDVeCps0-00813-00247638-00248063 question and well my answer to that is
+57LmDVeCps0-00814-00248064-00248365 that and if you take the global
+57LmDVeCps0-00815-00248366-00248560 governance and
+57LmDVeCps0-00816-00248561-00248842 I think that means from a real wide
+57LmDVeCps0-00817-00248844-00249029 perspective it's in
+57LmDVeCps0-00818-00249030-00249298 these kind of say curse part indeed
+57LmDVeCps0-00819-00249300-00249406 missing
+57LmDVeCps0-00820-00249407-00249737 that is why we should not know I maybe
+57LmDVeCps0-00821-00249738-00249941 exactly a little bit with what Henriette
+57LmDVeCps0-00822-00249942-00250253 was saying about only considering
+57LmDVeCps0-00823-00250254-00250505 principles as something that would be
+57LmDVeCps0-00824-00250506-00250823 useful for the digital products and if
+57LmDVeCps0-00825-00250823-00251069 one I think if one considers most of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00826-00251069-00251237 all the work on digital comments
+57LmDVeCps0-00827-00251238-00251519 especially spearheaded by adding or
+57LmDVeCps0-00828-00251519-00251692 olstrom it is what is important is not
+57LmDVeCps0-00829-00251694-00251963 only to have principles and norms but
+57LmDVeCps0-00830-00251964-00252191 also effective enforcement mechanism
+57LmDVeCps0-00831-00252192-00252341 that makes sure that people respect
+57LmDVeCps0-00832-00252342-00252815 those princes and to avoid examples of
+57LmDVeCps0-00833-00252816-00253019 failure like a badly managed public
+57LmDVeCps0-00834-00253019-00253289 trust let's see what was mentioned so I
+57LmDVeCps0-00835-00253290-00253475 would like to open the floor maybe for
+57LmDVeCps0-00836-00253476-00253684 just a couple of reactions or questions
+57LmDVeCps0-00837-00253685-00253984 from the participants I don't know if
+57LmDVeCps0-00838-00253985-00254344 anyone has a mic in the room but I guess
+57LmDVeCps0-00839-00254346-00254681 so so if there is any reactions from
+57LmDVeCps0-00840-00254682-00255041 about this from the uh from the people
+57LmDVeCps0-00841-00255042-00255317 in Addis Ababa we are very happy to hear
+57LmDVeCps0-00842-00255317-00255646 you otherwise maybe we may ask Nicolas
+57LmDVeCps0-00843-00255648-00256087 or or uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00844-00256088-00256325 do we have any reactions from the floor
+57LmDVeCps0-00845-00256326-00257315 from the from Addis Ababa
+57LmDVeCps0-00846-00257316-00257639 if you want to yes yes if you want to
+57LmDVeCps0-00847-00257640-00257884 provide any comments please just State
+57LmDVeCps0-00848-00257885-00258196 who you are and because I'm not sure
+57LmDVeCps0-00849-00258198-00258467 everyone can see you so or for the
+57LmDVeCps0-00850-00258467-00258629 records it's good to have your name and
+57LmDVeCps0-00851-00258630-00258965 affiliation thank you yes
+57LmDVeCps0-00852-00258966-00259325 yes I'm Dr Muhammad a scene from the
+57LmDVeCps0-00853-00259326-00259603 University of Lily in France
+57LmDVeCps0-00854-00259604-00259951 and uh I just want to
+57LmDVeCps0-00855-00259952-00260465 Ahmad Yasin is not they this thing of uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00856-00260466-00260651 automatic writing
+57LmDVeCps0-00857-00260652-00260813 is not uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00858-00260814-00261041 efficient one because sometimes it is
+57LmDVeCps0-00859-00261042-00261215 tried something different than what he
+57LmDVeCps0-00860-00261216-00261496 said so I recommend you not to rely too
+57LmDVeCps0-00861-00261498-00261625 much on it
+57LmDVeCps0-00862-00261626-00261869 uh that is this is one observation
+57LmDVeCps0-00863-00261869-00262229 technical observation uh Luca you
+57LmDVeCps0-00864-00262230-00262493 mentioned that Twitter
+57LmDVeCps0-00865-00262494-00262769 uh is owned by one person and is
+57LmDVeCps0-00866-00262770-00263171 dictating what he is doing on the global
+57LmDVeCps0-00867-00263172-00263680 users of internet and so on so like uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00868-00263681-00263965 you what is your suggestion in this case
+57LmDVeCps0-00869-00263966-00264317 uh to avoid this somebody uh or
+57LmDVeCps0-00870-00264318-00264545 corporations control
+57LmDVeCps0-00871-00264546-00264947 and dictate what they are doing on the
+57LmDVeCps0-00872-00264948-00265295 people how can the comments uh the
+57LmDVeCps0-00873-00265296-00265475 suggest is common overcome such a
+57LmDVeCps0-00874-00265476-00265708 problem is there any possibility that
+57LmDVeCps0-00875-00265709-00266069 people uh or users migrate from such a
+57LmDVeCps0-00876-00266070-00266563 big platforms when they are not uh fully
+57LmDVeCps0-00877-00266564-00266897 satisfying them is there any mechanism
+57LmDVeCps0-00878-00266898-00267275 to avoid such uh Behavior thank you very
+57LmDVeCps0-00879-00267276-00267567 much
+57LmDVeCps0-00880-00267568-00267941 [Music]
+57LmDVeCps0-00881-00267942-00268295 I will abuse my position as a moderator
+57LmDVeCps0-00882-00268296-00268577 to reply I think that what you are
+57LmDVeCps0-00883-00268578-00268739 raised uh what you're raising Muhammad
+57LmDVeCps0-00884-00268740-00269117 is there are two deeply intertwined uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00885-00269118-00269410 aspects here on the one hand the fact
+57LmDVeCps0-00886-00269411-00269980 that simply because uh one is a big
+57LmDVeCps0-00887-00269981-00270313 backed by considerable Financial
+57LmDVeCps0-00888-00270314-00270610 capacity and we have seen I mean Elon
+57LmDVeCps0-00889-00270611-00270791 Musk the richest man in the world that's
+57LmDVeCps0-00890-00270792-00271163 easily raising 50 billion dollars to
+57LmDVeCps0-00891-00271164-00271606 purchase and make private a previously
+57LmDVeCps0-00892-00271607-00272021 publicly traded uh company and which
+57LmDVeCps0-00893-00272022-00272434 also means that it makes it totally
+57LmDVeCps0-00894-00272435-00272705 opaque because all the transparency
+57LmDVeCps0-00895-00272706-00272987 obligation that the publicly traded
+57LmDVeCps0-00896-00272988-00273256 Corporation needs to comply with in
+57LmDVeCps0-00897-00273257-00273473 terms of transparency do you want to do
+57LmDVeCps0-00898-00273474-00273719 I reply to do how do you are using your
+57LmDVeCps0-00899-00273720-00274060 money why are and find people and how
+57LmDVeCps0-00900-00274061-00274349 are you planning to to be accountable to
+57LmDVeCps0-00901-00274350-00274505 build the public they have disappeared
+57LmDVeCps0-00902-00274506-00274906 right that is something extremely in my
+57LmDVeCps0-00903-00274907-00275267 perspective extremely uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00904-00275268-00275615 uh negative for if you if you consider
+57LmDVeCps0-00905-00275616-00275879 the health not only of the internet but
+57LmDVeCps0-00906-00275880-00276245 of the specific platform this could be
+57LmDVeCps0-00907-00276246-00276389 actually
+57LmDVeCps0-00908-00276390-00276832 avoided either to prohibit this takeover
+57LmDVeCps0-00909-00276833-00277282 by a single man of a entire uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00910-00277283-00277565 platform that is so essential for public
+57LmDVeCps0-00911-00277566-00277823 debate nowadays and on the other hand
+57LmDVeCps0-00912-00277824-00278260 maybe easier and more advisable on my
+57LmDVeCps0-00913-00278261-00278506 from my perspective to make such
+57LmDVeCps0-00914-00278507-00278765 platforms interoperable so to invest to
+57LmDVeCps0-00915-00278766-00279119 Define how those plots could be
+57LmDVeCps0-00916-00279120-00279305 interoperable I mean you know if you're
+57LmDVeCps0-00917-00279306-00279545 if you want to hear someone purchases
+57LmDVeCps0-00918-00279546-00279880 your email provider you can download
+57LmDVeCps0-00919-00279881-00280139 your emails and upload them to a
+57LmDVeCps0-00920-00280140-00280373 different email provider that offers you
+57LmDVeCps0-00921-00280374-00280637 better conditions and you will keep on
+57LmDVeCps0-00922-00280638-00280997 being able to exchange messages videos
+57LmDVeCps0-00923-00280998-00281243 whatever you want with other
+57LmDVeCps0-00924-00281244-00281458 uh people through email because email is
+57LmDVeCps0-00925-00281459-00281591 interoperable and that is how the
+57LmDVeCps0-00926-00281592-00281753 internet was born right through
+57LmDVeCps0-00927-00281754-00282053 interoperated so I think that one of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00928-00282054-00282382 key elements of uh that we need to to
+57LmDVeCps0-00929-00282383-00282580 focus on in order and we have also a
+57LmDVeCps0-00930-00282581-00282737 session about this uh on
+57LmDVeCps0-00931-00282738-00282941 interoperability and all openness on
+57LmDVeCps0-00932-00282942-00283175 Thursday for those who are who are
+57LmDVeCps0-00933-00283176-00283427 interested but why are the key elements
+57LmDVeCps0-00934-00283428-00283708 that one has to focus on on one of the
+57LmDVeCps0-00935-00283709-00283913 key principles that one has to focus on
+57LmDVeCps0-00936-00283914-00284158 is indeed interoperability and creating
+57LmDVeCps0-00937-00284159-00284458 also mechanisms that allow to this not
+57LmDVeCps0-00938-00284459-00284825 to be only uh empty words a nice label
+57LmDVeCps0-00939-00284826-00285269 interoperability as even some some uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00940-00285270-00285653 regulation does if we take a very
+57LmDVeCps0-00941-00285654-00285995 trivial example but the the very praised
+57LmDVeCps0-00942-00285996-00286330 gdpr the the EU General protection
+57LmDVeCps0-00943-00286331-00286601 regulation creates a rise to data
+57LmDVeCps0-00944-00286602-00286853 portability so everyone has every data
+57LmDVeCps0-00945-00286854-00287093 subject has the right to export their
+57LmDVeCps0-00946-00287094-00287358 personal data important to
+57LmDVeCps0-00947-00287359-00287573 but the fact of this is impossible
+57LmDVeCps0-00948-00287574-00287795 because there is no there are no defined
+57LmDVeCps0-00949-00287796-00288119 in standards of intra gravity on how to
+57LmDVeCps0-00950-00288120-00288353 do that so it's even when the the
+57LmDVeCps0-00951-00288354-00288701 regulation aims at being very refined uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00952-00288702-00288941 the factor is a favor so I think that
+57LmDVeCps0-00953-00288942-00289289 one of the main issues probably as we
+57LmDVeCps0-00954-00289290-00289480 have this discussion on internal Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-00955-00289481-00289649 is how to create
+57LmDVeCps0-00956-00289650-00289877 standards that enact that allow
+57LmDVeCps0-00957-00289878-00290225 interoperability competition and digital
+57LmDVeCps0-00958-00290226-00290539 problems to flourish and not to be
+57LmDVeCps0-00959-00290540-00290891 taken over at Wheel by billionaires
+57LmDVeCps0-00960-00290892-00291023 because I don't think that this is the
+57LmDVeCps0-00961-00291024-00291251 kind of Internet it is for sure not the
+57LmDVeCps0-00962-00291252-00291503 regional internet philosophy and I think
+57LmDVeCps0-00963-00291504-00291719 it's not the kind of Internet most of us
+57LmDVeCps0-00964-00291720-00291947 would like to to live in or to
+57LmDVeCps0-00965-00291948-00292151 communicate sorry if I'm speaking too
+57LmDVeCps0-00966-00292152-00292319 much I would like to take other
+57LmDVeCps0-00967-00292320-00292589 reactions uh I said Nicholas has one
+57LmDVeCps0-00968-00292590-00293482 please Nicholas go ahead
+57LmDVeCps0-00969-00293483-00293753 um Nicholas might be uh Force muted
+57LmDVeCps0-00970-00293754-00294515 there
+57LmDVeCps0-00971-00294516-00294760 right yep because I think we can hear
+57LmDVeCps0-00972-00294761-00294899 you yeah
+57LmDVeCps0-00973-00294900-00295151 yeah okay
+57LmDVeCps0-00974-00295152-00295282 yeah
+57LmDVeCps0-00975-00295283-00295673 um I just wanted to comment that uh you
+57LmDVeCps0-00976-00295674-00296032 you're bringing the email example it's
+57LmDVeCps0-00977-00296033-00296213 interesting because
+57LmDVeCps0-00978-00296214-00296675 email was like uh the last standardized
+57LmDVeCps0-00979-00296676-00296819 service
+57LmDVeCps0-00980-00296820-00297047 and
+57LmDVeCps0-00981-00297048-00297599 it was uh and it still is uh
+57LmDVeCps0-00982-00297600-00297869 the one thing that is standard in
+57LmDVeCps0-00983-00297870-00298121 communication but
+57LmDVeCps0-00984-00298122-00298295 um I think it's interesting what
+57LmDVeCps0-00985-00298296-00298493 happened with
+57LmDVeCps0-00986-00298494-00298699 um instant messaging
+57LmDVeCps0-00987-00298700-00299177 with the xnpp protocol which was was the
+57LmDVeCps0-00988-00299178-00299429 standard and actually is the base
+57LmDVeCps0-00989-00299430-00299845 technology for both WhatsApp
+57LmDVeCps0-00990-00299846-00300325 Google Messenger and many of those
+57LmDVeCps0-00991-00300326-00300653 technologies that are now private
+57LmDVeCps0-00992-00300654-00300913 technologies that have voluntarily
+57LmDVeCps0-00993-00300914-00301253 broken the standards so that it won't
+57LmDVeCps0-00994-00301254-00301597 interoperate with other
+57LmDVeCps0-00995-00301598-00301925 instant messaging platforms if you
+57LmDVeCps0-00996-00301926-00302023 remember
+57LmDVeCps0-00997-00302024-00302477 it was possible to install
+57LmDVeCps0-00998-00302478-00302969 um free software uh for xmpp instant
+57LmDVeCps0-00999-00302970-00303191 messaging communication and still be
+57LmDVeCps0-01000-00303192-00303430 able to communicate with people on
+57LmDVeCps0-01001-00303431-00303629 Google Messenger for example for a long
+57LmDVeCps0-01002-00303630-00303755 time
+57LmDVeCps0-01003-00303756-00304151 but then this this was broke and it and
+57LmDVeCps0-01004-00304152-00304273 the the
+57LmDVeCps0-01005-00304274-00304567 to me the most important thing about
+57LmDVeCps0-01006-00304568-00304997 this uh service being broken
+57LmDVeCps0-01007-00304998-00305332 for one its word is
+57LmDVeCps0-01008-00305333-00305401 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01009-00305402-00305632 transporting most of the communication
+57LmDVeCps0-01010-00305633-00306010 of the people nowadays right uh WhatsApp
+57LmDVeCps0-01011-00306011-00306256 instant messages in general
+57LmDVeCps0-01012-00306257-00306430 and
+57LmDVeCps0-01013-00306431-00306625 not being
+57LmDVeCps0-01014-00306626-00307139 standardized and not being open source
+57LmDVeCps0-01015-00307140-00307399 um you have things like for example
+57LmDVeCps0-01016-00307400-00307810 WhatsApp uh is now encrypted it has been
+57LmDVeCps0-01017-00307811-00308104 encrypted encrypted for many years but
+57LmDVeCps0-01018-00308105-00308530 we do not have access to the code of the
+57LmDVeCps0-01019-00308531-00308956 client or the server so for example if
+57LmDVeCps0-01020-00308957-00309203 our Communications are encrypted not
+57LmDVeCps0-01021-00309204-00309725 just with the keys from the receiver and
+57LmDVeCps0-01022-00309726-00309941 the emitter of the communication but
+57LmDVeCps0-01023-00309942-00310415 also encrypted with a general key which
+57LmDVeCps0-01024-00310416-00310951 is owned by the company
+57LmDVeCps0-01025-00310952-00311539 uh we can know this before all this
+57LmDVeCps0-01026-00311540-00312029 according to I would say statistics
+57LmDVeCps0-01027-00312030-00312521 uh it's impossible to conceive that they
+57LmDVeCps0-01028-00312522-00312960 are not encrypting your communication
+57LmDVeCps0-01029-00312961-00313560 with a key they can then use to decrypt
+57LmDVeCps0-01030-00313561-00314015 communication so what this makes is a
+57LmDVeCps0-01031-00314016-00314413 global
+57LmDVeCps0-01032-00314414-00314813 Global theater where the only government
+57LmDVeCps0-01033-00314814-00315191 with access to most of the communication
+57LmDVeCps0-01034-00315192-00315395 data in the world
+57LmDVeCps0-01035-00315396-00315779 is the United States because they have a
+57LmDVeCps0-01036-00315780-00316079 legal system where they can force any
+57LmDVeCps0-01037-00316080-00316504 company to disclose all information and
+57LmDVeCps0-01038-00316505-00316853 to make it secretly and it's a reason if
+57LmDVeCps0-01039-00316854-00317071 the company
+57LmDVeCps0-01040-00317072-00317413 denounces that they have been asked to
+57LmDVeCps0-01041-00317414-00317843 disclose private communication so to me
+57LmDVeCps0-01042-00317844-00318041 all the blocks are there
+57LmDVeCps0-01043-00318042-00318389 I would say I know my communication is
+57LmDVeCps0-01044-00318390-00318610 being monitored by only the US
+57LmDVeCps0-01045-00318611-00319019 government and this creates a uh this
+57LmDVeCps0-01046-00319020-00319523 balance in in communication where other
+57LmDVeCps0-01047-00319524-00320039 governments are not just us us as users
+57LmDVeCps0-01048-00320040-00320308 and private
+57LmDVeCps0-01049-00320309-00320621 users of the internet but all countries
+57LmDVeCps0-01050-00320622-00320945 whole governments have an opinion
+57LmDVeCps0-01051-00320946-00321179 of technology that the citizens are
+57LmDVeCps0-01052-00321180-00321497 using to communicate and a foreign
+57LmDVeCps0-01053-00321498-00321760 country has access to their
+57LmDVeCps0-01054-00321761-00322073 communication content this is I think
+57LmDVeCps0-01055-00322074-00322391 like one of the most extreme examples of
+57LmDVeCps0-01056-00322392-00322504 how bad
+57LmDVeCps0-01057-00322505-00322804 it is to not have the internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01058-00322805-00323069 governance a Commons and to have
+57LmDVeCps0-01059-00323070-00323323 standards enforced
+57LmDVeCps0-01060-00323324-00323963 on corporations
+57LmDVeCps0-01061-00323964-00324587 great response
+57LmDVeCps0-01062-00324588-00324875 all right I think we can get into the
+57LmDVeCps0-01063-00324876-00325206 next segment of the the
+57LmDVeCps0-01064-00325207-00325679 discussion with the presentation from uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01065-00325680-00325979 will Roderick from Grassfield economics
+57LmDVeCps0-01066-00325980-00326453 in Kenya so will came our can you hear
+57LmDVeCps0-01067-00326454-00326987 us well let me try to if I can unmute
+57LmDVeCps0-01068-00326988-00327082 you
+57LmDVeCps0-01069-00327083-00327413 I can find you here
+57LmDVeCps0-01070-00327414-00328439 yes
+57LmDVeCps0-01071-00328440-00328708 hey guys can you hear me yes very well
+57LmDVeCps0-01072-00328709-00328841 we can hear you see you thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-01073-00328842-00329332 welcome thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-01074-00329333-00329530 um I'm gonna try to share something I
+57LmDVeCps0-01075-00329531-00329801 can no I can't share screen
+57LmDVeCps0-01076-00329802-00330029 um I'll just talk maybe allow me to
+57LmDVeCps0-01077-00330030-00330232 share screen later
+57LmDVeCps0-01078-00330233-00330473 um I I guess the
+57LmDVeCps0-01079-00330474-00330682 what I have to talk about is a little
+57LmDVeCps0-01080-00330683-00330784 bit different
+57LmDVeCps0-01081-00330785-00331006 um I've been working a lot with David
+57LmDVeCps0-01082-00331007-00331169 Johnson
+57LmDVeCps0-01083-00331170-00331410 um from South Africa on the ineti system
+57LmDVeCps0-01084-00331411-00331841 but specifically working on economic
+57LmDVeCps0-01085-00331842-00332041 Commons around
+57LmDVeCps0-01086-00332042-00332417 mesh networks and trying to create
+57LmDVeCps0-01087-00332418-00332747 incentives and essentially Credit
+57LmDVeCps0-01088-00332748-00333017 Systems in local communities to be able
+57LmDVeCps0-01089-00333018-00333280 to pay for
+57LmDVeCps0-01090-00333281-00333634 um the usage of these mesh networks and
+57LmDVeCps0-01091-00333635-00333887 the way that looks is essentially that
+57LmDVeCps0-01092-00333888-00334129 the The Operators of the mesh Network
+57LmDVeCps0-01093-00334130-00334408 that are running these antennas from
+57LmDVeCps0-01094-00334409-00334613 their houses and keeping them on and
+57LmDVeCps0-01095-00334614-00334943 whatnot they create a voucher
+57LmDVeCps0-01096-00334944-00335177 redeemable for the services of the
+57LmDVeCps0-01097-00335178-00335423 network and uh on the inetti system what
+57LmDVeCps0-01098-00335424-00335656 we have is a whole bunch of offline
+57LmDVeCps0-01099-00335657-00335923 content like next cloud and
+57LmDVeCps0-01100-00335924-00336323 Wikipedia and Khan Academy and also the
+57LmDVeCps0-01101-00336324-00336563 ability for people to upload their own
+57LmDVeCps0-01102-00336564-00336743 content
+57LmDVeCps0-01103-00336744-00337001 um and so if you can imagine this group
+57LmDVeCps0-01104-00337002-00337175 of people that are providing the smash
+57LmDVeCps0-01105-00337176-00337349 Network
+57LmDVeCps0-01106-00337350-00337595 um they create a bunch of vouchers so
+57LmDVeCps0-01107-00337596-00337799 it's a Mutual Credit similar to like a
+57LmDVeCps0-01108-00337800-00337945 mall voucher
+57LmDVeCps0-01109-00337946-00338297 we've used a blockchain to do this to
+57LmDVeCps0-01110-00338298-00338489 have you know a decentralized ledger as
+57LmDVeCps0-01111-00338490-00338789 well that's also held on the network
+57LmDVeCps0-01112-00338790-00338843 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01113-00338844-00339221 and so these vouchers are
+57LmDVeCps0-01114-00339222-00339551 um sold uh in for cash but they're also
+57LmDVeCps0-01115-00339552-00339791 very much sold in kind uh into the
+57LmDVeCps0-01116-00339792-00340013 community so when people want to get
+57LmDVeCps0-01117-00340014-00340253 access to this mesh Network which also
+57LmDVeCps0-01118-00340254-00340595 has a uh a back haul as well of actual
+57LmDVeCps0-01119-00340596-00340727 internet that they get from local
+57LmDVeCps0-01120-00340728-00340906 providers
+57LmDVeCps0-01121-00340907-00341075 um people have to have these vouchers
+57LmDVeCps0-01122-00341076-00341327 and those vouchers give them basically
+57LmDVeCps0-01123-00341328-00341530 metered access I mean there's a there's
+57LmDVeCps0-01124-00341531-00341704 a free layer that you don't need any
+57LmDVeCps0-01125-00341705-00341915 vouchers for and that's like the the
+57LmDVeCps0-01126-00341916-00342317 local content and then there is a
+57LmDVeCps0-01127-00342318-00342599 a cost for getting the back hall of the
+57LmDVeCps0-01128-00342600-00342856 internet so what happens is that these
+57LmDVeCps0-01129-00342857-00343079 these tokens or these subscriptions if
+57LmDVeCps0-01130-00343080-00343229 you will right these are subscriptions
+57LmDVeCps0-01131-00343230-00343469 to the the internet end up flowing
+57LmDVeCps0-01132-00343470-00343649 around the community and acting as kind
+57LmDVeCps0-01133-00343650-00343937 of a local currency in a way so people
+57LmDVeCps0-01134-00343938-00344267 will end up accepting them for tomatoes
+57LmDVeCps0-01135-00344268-00344441 for instance so you can pay for internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01136-00344442-00344777 with your Tomatoes or your eggs or
+57LmDVeCps0-01137-00344778-00344980 whatnot and so someone who who pays with
+57LmDVeCps0-01138-00344981-00345179 eggs for this voucher
+57LmDVeCps0-01139-00345180-00345382 can also spend them on other stuff in
+57LmDVeCps0-01140-00345383-00345521 the community and whoever needs internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01141-00345522-00345803 can now redeem them for internet access
+57LmDVeCps0-01142-00345804-00346043 right and so for instance one voucher
+57LmDVeCps0-01143-00346044-00346253 gives you something like three hours of
+57LmDVeCps0-01144-00346254-00346421 Internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01145-00346422-00346619 um that's it's not three hours from the
+57LmDVeCps0-01146-00346620-00346799 time it's three hours of usage so we
+57LmDVeCps0-01147-00346800-00347021 actually track them actually you know uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01148-00347022-00347230 being active on the network
+57LmDVeCps0-01149-00347231-00347447 um in something like three vouchers ends
+57LmDVeCps0-01150-00347448-00347675 up being a day uh worth of internet and
+57LmDVeCps0-01151-00347676-00347932 that's you know roughly four times
+57LmDVeCps0-01152-00347933-00348167 cheaper than
+57LmDVeCps0-01153-00348168-00348365 um the alternative through you know
+57LmDVeCps0-01154-00348366-00348539 safaricom or the you know the major
+57LmDVeCps0-01155-00348540-00348779 telecoms so we can offer very very very
+57LmDVeCps0-01156-00348780-00349054 cheap uh distributed internet services
+57LmDVeCps0-01157-00349055-00349306 and we can also offer like a freemium
+57LmDVeCps0-01158-00349307-00349601 level or a free intranets mesh Network
+57LmDVeCps0-01159-00349602-00349871 Services as well and
+57LmDVeCps0-01160-00349872-00350129 all the trade of these vouchers ends up
+57LmDVeCps0-01161-00350130-00350356 creating secondary circulation and trade
+57LmDVeCps0-01162-00350357-00350591 right so like the the internet ends up
+57LmDVeCps0-01163-00350592-00350999 becoming a basis for a local economy as
+57LmDVeCps0-01164-00351000-00351149 well right it's the backing of Last
+57LmDVeCps0-01165-00351150-00351497 Resort for trade for tomatoes and and
+57LmDVeCps0-01166-00351498-00351701 all kinds of stuff within within the
+57LmDVeCps0-01167-00351702-00351821 community so that's what we've been
+57LmDVeCps0-01168-00351822-00351965 working on here in Kenya that's where
+57LmDVeCps0-01169-00351966-00352163 I'm based and then also in in South
+57LmDVeCps0-01170-00352164-00352301 Africa
+57LmDVeCps0-01171-00352302-00352493 in Ocean View
+57LmDVeCps0-01172-00352494-00352619 um so I think there's there's
+57LmDVeCps0-01173-00352620-00352769 interesting kind of concept around
+57LmDVeCps0-01174-00352770-00353080 economic Commons and looking at you know
+57LmDVeCps0-01175-00353081-00353243 these subscription models and who's
+57LmDVeCps0-01176-00353244-00353554 offering sources and these promises
+57LmDVeCps0-01177-00353555-00353987 against Services being in some ways an
+57LmDVeCps0-01178-00353988-00354280 opening to a different type of a Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-01179-00354281-00354563 um that's that's backed by Redemption as
+57LmDVeCps0-01180-00354564-00354887 payment in local Services we've also
+57LmDVeCps0-01181-00354888-00355103 done the same kind of economic models
+57LmDVeCps0-01182-00355104-00355354 without internet but with other types of
+57LmDVeCps0-01183-00355355-00355553 backing goods and services so for
+57LmDVeCps0-01184-00355554-00355834 instance you know Maize Mills business
+57LmDVeCps0-01185-00355835-00356051 networks coming together things like
+57LmDVeCps0-01186-00356052-00356308 coconuts and coconut oil acting as a
+57LmDVeCps0-01187-00356309-00356717 backing for a a local voucher economy so
+57LmDVeCps0-01188-00356718-00356860 I don't know if you've if you've heard
+57LmDVeCps0-01189-00356861-00357173 of like uh airtime Credit in Kenya with
+57LmDVeCps0-01190-00357174-00357449 safaricom you can also sambaza or trade
+57LmDVeCps0-01191-00357450-00357653 that airtime credit right so that
+57LmDVeCps0-01192-00357654-00357863 airtime credit is a promise against the
+57LmDVeCps0-01193-00357864-00358025 services of the Telecom
+57LmDVeCps0-01194-00358026-00358258 right which is also tradable and people
+57LmDVeCps0-01195-00358259-00358475 will use it as a currency as well within
+57LmDVeCps0-01196-00358476-00358577 the country and that was actually the
+57LmDVeCps0-01197-00358578-00358823 predecessor for MPH here so in this case
+57LmDVeCps0-01198-00358824-00359123 we have a mall voucher a promise against
+57LmDVeCps0-01199-00359124-00359375 the services of the mesh Network
+57LmDVeCps0-01200-00359376-00359656 so as people now buy these vouchers
+57LmDVeCps0-01201-00359657-00359849 those vouchers end up getting
+57LmDVeCps0-01202-00359850-00360130 redistributed back to the node operators
+57LmDVeCps0-01203-00360131-00360299 you know of the network that are running
+57LmDVeCps0-01204-00360300-00360460 the antennas
+57LmDVeCps0-01205-00360461-00360737 um so yeah let me let me pause there
+57LmDVeCps0-01206-00360738-00361487 thanks guys
+57LmDVeCps0-01207-00361488-00361727 thank you very much will and it's really
+57LmDVeCps0-01208-00361728-00362143 excellent to see through this this
+57LmDVeCps0-01209-00362144-00362578 alternative uh local economic system
+57LmDVeCps0-01210-00362579-00362843 that's your initiative is triggering and
+57LmDVeCps0-01211-00362844-00363163 how this actually is not only
+57LmDVeCps0-01212-00363164-00363551 including people uh in the digital
+57LmDVeCps0-01213-00363552-00363880 ecosystem but also creating a new new
+57LmDVeCps0-01214-00363881-00363991 Local
+57LmDVeCps0-01215-00363992-00364321 Economic ecosystem so it's really
+57LmDVeCps0-01216-00364322-00364619 demonstrating the the benefits of
+57LmDVeCps0-01217-00364620-00364919 connectivity both as a driver of
+57LmDVeCps0-01218-00364920-00365141 inclusion but also striver of
+57LmDVeCps0-01219-00365142-00365387 empowerment and also creation of value
+57LmDVeCps0-01220-00365388-00365615 at the local level for the local
+57LmDVeCps0-01221-00365616-00365932 communities right now I would like now
+57LmDVeCps0-01222-00365933-00366365 to to invite our next speaker uh Laureen
+57LmDVeCps0-01223-00366366-00367747 van Breen from Wiki rate she
+57LmDVeCps0-01224-00367748-00368158 to make corporate corporations more
+57LmDVeCps0-01225-00368159-00368484 accountable so please
+57LmDVeCps0-01226-00368485-00368854 Laureen the floor is yours
+57LmDVeCps0-01227-00368855-00369358 so I would like to ask our technical
+57LmDVeCps0-01228-00369359-00369889 assistance to uh yeah unmute Wiki rate
+57LmDVeCps0-01229-00369890-00370337 Lauren can you hear us yes this is great
+57LmDVeCps0-01230-00370338-00370637 can we also see can we see you
+57LmDVeCps0-01231-00370638-00371128 can we also activate laureen's
+57LmDVeCps0-01232-00371129-00371243 camera
+57LmDVeCps0-01233-00371244-00371597 yes wonderful here I am fantastic
+57LmDVeCps0-01234-00371598-00371837 welcome Louie magic
+57LmDVeCps0-01235-00371838-00372041 um thanks so much everybody for having
+57LmDVeCps0-01236-00372042-00372377 me today and uh yeah for uh sticking
+57LmDVeCps0-01237-00372378-00372749 with us it's a lot of uh technical uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01238-00372750-00373019 content and I'll try to
+57LmDVeCps0-01239-00373020-00373277 um yeah also uh share some details with
+57LmDVeCps0-01240-00373278-00373469 you but not go too deep into the
+57LmDVeCps0-01241-00373470-00373558 material
+57LmDVeCps0-01242-00373559-00373732 um as you heard I'm going to talk a
+57LmDVeCps0-01243-00373733-00373889 little bit about a different comments
+57LmDVeCps0-01244-00373890-00374039 than what you've heard so far which is
+57LmDVeCps0-01245-00374040-00374230 the data Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-01246-00374231-00374387 um and I thought I would start by
+57LmDVeCps0-01247-00374388-00374537 grounding ourselves it might be
+57LmDVeCps0-01248-00374538-00374819 repeating the obvious but uh what really
+57LmDVeCps0-01249-00374820-00375184 is a Commons so a comments is a land or
+57LmDVeCps0-01250-00375185-00375545 a resource that is belonging to uh or
+57LmDVeCps0-01251-00375546-00375803 affecting the whole of a community
+57LmDVeCps0-01252-00375804-00376025 and I think they're particularly what
+57LmDVeCps0-01253-00376026-00376204 I'd like to pick up on is the belonging
+57LmDVeCps0-01254-00376205-00376391 to part
+57LmDVeCps0-01255-00376392-00376582 um because that is from a data
+57LmDVeCps0-01256-00376583-00376847 perspective for a data Commons is what
+57LmDVeCps0-01257-00376848-00377104 from our perspective means it must be
+57LmDVeCps0-01258-00377105-00377356 open data that we're talking about it
+57LmDVeCps0-01259-00377357-00377632 means access for everyone it means a
+57LmDVeCps0-01260-00377633-00377860 shared responsibility and it brings in
+57LmDVeCps0-01261-00377861-00378130 the Notions of ownership and governance
+57LmDVeCps0-01262-00378131-00378395 and that is something that is quite
+57LmDVeCps0-01263-00378396-00378563 important
+57LmDVeCps0-01264-00378564-00378784 um and today I'm going to dive deeper
+57LmDVeCps0-01265-00378785-00379127 into yeah what it really is it the case
+57LmDVeCps0-01266-00379128-00379367 when it comes to the private sector and
+57LmDVeCps0-01267-00379368-00379606 the public sector data so data about
+57LmDVeCps0-01268-00379607-00379739 companies
+57LmDVeCps0-01269-00379740-00379954 um and this is exactly where ownership
+57LmDVeCps0-01270-00379955-00380303 and governance create an interesting
+57LmDVeCps0-01271-00380304-00380603 Dynamic it complicates things and um
+57LmDVeCps0-01272-00380604-00380753 yeah I'm going to talk a little bit more
+57LmDVeCps0-01273-00380754-00380993 about that in just a minute
+57LmDVeCps0-01274-00380994-00381143 um but maybe just to give us a bit of an
+57LmDVeCps0-01275-00381144-00381323 overview where we're coming from and
+57LmDVeCps0-01276-00381324-00381503 where are we now and where are we headed
+57LmDVeCps0-01277-00381504-00381653 right so
+57LmDVeCps0-01278-00381654-00381832 um a data Commons that is probably most
+57LmDVeCps0-01279-00381833-00382097 of you will know is Wikipedia which came
+57LmDVeCps0-01280-00382098-00382343 about at the turn of the Millennium
+57LmDVeCps0-01281-00382344-00382660 um the first edit was made in 2001 and
+57LmDVeCps0-01282-00382661-00382906 really magnese was really the first
+57LmDVeCps0-01283-00382907-00383080 proposals were starting to be created
+57LmDVeCps0-01284-00383081-00383369 for this free open encyclopedia on the
+57LmDVeCps0-01285-00383370-00383554 internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01286-00383555-00383806 now about a decade later is when Vicky
+57LmDVeCps0-01287-00383807-00383956 rate came about
+57LmDVeCps0-01288-00383957-00384221 and so we started in 2013 and really the
+57LmDVeCps0-01289-00384222-00384395 idea was that there's a lot of
+57LmDVeCps0-01290-00384396-00384569 information out there about companies
+57LmDVeCps0-01291-00384570-00384689 when it comes to their financial
+57LmDVeCps0-01292-00384690-00384941 performance but we know very little
+57LmDVeCps0-01293-00384942-00385091 about them when it comes to their
+57LmDVeCps0-01294-00385092-00385282 sustainable performance so the
+57LmDVeCps0-01295-00385283-00385534 environmental and social dimensions of
+57LmDVeCps0-01296-00385535-00385780 their impacts and their actions
+57LmDVeCps0-01297-00385781-00386032 um now the information is out there but
+57LmDVeCps0-01298-00386033-00386213 it's incredibly hard to get an overview
+57LmDVeCps0-01299-00386214-00386417 there's not one place you can go to
+57LmDVeCps0-01300-00386418-00386608 there's not one site where there's an
+57LmDVeCps0-01301-00386609-00386830 Aggregate and if there is you have these
+57LmDVeCps0-01302-00386831-00387119 huge payables to get through and so it
+57LmDVeCps0-01303-00387120-00387275 even though the information is out in
+57LmDVeCps0-01304-00387276-00387467 the public domain the public doesn't
+57LmDVeCps0-01305-00387468-00387706 really have access and our mandate was
+57LmDVeCps0-01306-00387707-00387965 to make this a public resource once
+57LmDVeCps0-01307-00387966-00388156 again by bringing it together in one
+57LmDVeCps0-01308-00388157-00388384 place cleaning it standardizing it and
+57LmDVeCps0-01309-00388385-00388787 giving that access for free to everyone
+57LmDVeCps0-01310-00388788-00389087 um so this is one of the the big things
+57LmDVeCps0-01311-00389088-00389303 that we were trying to change
+57LmDVeCps0-01312-00389304-00389573 um and really our role as an
+57LmDVeCps0-01313-00389574-00389777 organization that sits behind all of
+57LmDVeCps0-01314-00389778-00390023 this is to develop the infrastructure
+57LmDVeCps0-01315-00390024-00390263 it's to create tools and to support the
+57LmDVeCps0-01316-00390264-00390556 community in their use of this platform
+57LmDVeCps0-01317-00390557-00390803 right and the community is the people
+57LmDVeCps0-01318-00390804-00391078 it's the whole of the community right
+57LmDVeCps0-01319-00391079-00391241 anyone who's interested in this
+57LmDVeCps0-01320-00391242-00391384 information can help collect the
+57LmDVeCps0-01321-00391385-00391553 information they can analyze the
+57LmDVeCps0-01322-00391554-00391715 information they can use the information
+57LmDVeCps0-01323-00391716-00391930 they can extract it
+57LmDVeCps0-01324-00391931-00392189 um so it's all of this activities and
+57LmDVeCps0-01325-00392190-00392345 it's driven by what the community is
+57LmDVeCps0-01326-00392346-00392506 interested in
+57LmDVeCps0-01327-00392507-00392717 um now the way we gather information so
+57LmDVeCps0-01328-00392718-00392969 how do we bring it into our data system
+57LmDVeCps0-01329-00392970-00393178 um there's three ways as much as we can
+57LmDVeCps0-01330-00393179-00393382 we automate right so we are integrating
+57LmDVeCps0-01331-00393383-00393599 with other Data Systems it's that
+57LmDVeCps0-01332-00393600-00393808 interoperability piece
+57LmDVeCps0-01333-00393809-00393997 um now of course as we just heard
+57LmDVeCps0-01334-00393998-00394271 standards there's not one standard for
+57LmDVeCps0-01335-00394272-00394456 that so there's a lot of work that comes
+57LmDVeCps0-01336-00394457-00394649 into always working with these different
+57LmDVeCps0-01337-00394650-00394895 groups and setting it up in a way where
+57LmDVeCps0-01338-00394896-00395039 you can really share information between
+57LmDVeCps0-01339-00395040-00395284 your systems now then you get into the
+57LmDVeCps0-01340-00395285-00395501 semi-automated techniques right of
+57LmDVeCps0-01341-00395502-00395723 scraping and bulk importing data sets
+57LmDVeCps0-01342-00395724-00395980 into a platform like ours and then
+57LmDVeCps0-01343-00395981-00396293 allowing anyone to access that again
+57LmDVeCps0-01344-00396294-00396580 um and the last element there is why we
+57LmDVeCps0-01345-00396581-00396863 are Wiki it's all of this information is
+57LmDVeCps0-01346-00396864-00397060 stuck in PDF reports that are incredibly
+57LmDVeCps0-01347-00397061-00397306 hard to process with machines and so
+57LmDVeCps0-01348-00397307-00397445 we're bringing together the community
+57LmDVeCps0-01349-00397446-00397804 around these sources and asking them can
+57LmDVeCps0-01350-00397805-00398015 you help us extract the particular
+57LmDVeCps0-01351-00398016-00398165 information that we're looking for in
+57LmDVeCps0-01352-00398166-00398380 these documents and that is really the
+57LmDVeCps0-01353-00398381-00398567 wiki element as well so not only is the
+57LmDVeCps0-01354-00398568-00398747 community able to access and use and
+57LmDVeCps0-01355-00398748-00398902 analyze this information they're
+57LmDVeCps0-01356-00398903-00399143 actually also the entry point for us
+57LmDVeCps0-01357-00399144-00399425 they're helping us gather all of that
+57LmDVeCps0-01358-00399426-00399701 information and this is really important
+57LmDVeCps0-01359-00399702-00399869 because
+57LmDVeCps0-01360-00399870-00400145 it really is the basis of why we would
+57LmDVeCps0-01361-00400146-00400499 never be able to sell our data we cannot
+57LmDVeCps0-01362-00400500-00400739 sell data that was gathered by a
+57LmDVeCps0-01363-00400740-00401021 community it is not ours and so it laid
+57LmDVeCps0-01364-00401022-00401219 the foundation for us that of course we
+57LmDVeCps0-01365-00401220-00401477 had to be a Commons right not only can
+57LmDVeCps0-01366-00401478-00401645 we say we are a free resource we have to
+57LmDVeCps0-01367-00401646-00401795 be a Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-01368-00401796-00402004 um and this is really
+57LmDVeCps0-01369-00402005-00402208 um also then brought into the question
+57LmDVeCps0-01370-00402209-00402413 of okay well but there's there's so many
+57LmDVeCps0-01371-00402414-00402599 sources out there right we're we're
+57LmDVeCps0-01372-00402600-00402767 collecting data on companies the
+57LmDVeCps0-01373-00402768-00402934 overwhelming majority of information is
+57LmDVeCps0-01374-00402935-00403132 coming from companies themselves
+57LmDVeCps0-01375-00403133-00403337 but if a company tells me they're
+57LmDVeCps0-01376-00403338-00403510 sustainable is that really the only
+57LmDVeCps0-01377-00403511-00403817 source I want to check if I do a job
+57LmDVeCps0-01378-00403818-00404027 interview I have references that get
+57LmDVeCps0-01379-00404028-00404201 checked I can tell you I'm a nice person
+57LmDVeCps0-01380-00404202-00404417 that doesn't mean much right you want to
+57LmDVeCps0-01381-00404418-00404615 check with others and the same goes for
+57LmDVeCps0-01382-00404616-00404867 the performance of a company so we are
+57LmDVeCps0-01383-00404868-00405052 collecting data not only from what
+57LmDVeCps0-01384-00405053-00405239 companies are telling us about their
+57LmDVeCps0-01385-00405240-00405419 actions and their impacts but also
+57LmDVeCps0-01386-00405420-00405665 collecting data from worker workers
+57LmDVeCps0-01387-00405666-00405952 right so working with ngos on the ground
+57LmDVeCps0-01388-00405953-00406217 bringing in perspectives not only do we
+57LmDVeCps0-01389-00406218-00406421 want to see for instance what the
+57LmDVeCps0-01390-00406422-00406595 commitments are of brands on supply
+57LmDVeCps0-01391-00406596-00406793 chain wages but what are the actual
+57LmDVeCps0-01392-00406794-00407051 wages being paid in factories
+57LmDVeCps0-01393-00407052-00407284 um and there's a project that I'd be
+57LmDVeCps0-01394-00407285-00407434 happy to share in the chat as well that
+57LmDVeCps0-01395-00407435-00407627 really does exactly that so we're
+57LmDVeCps0-01396-00407628-00407782 comparing that gap between what
+57LmDVeCps0-01397-00407783-00408028 companies are telling us and what is the
+57LmDVeCps0-01398-00408029-00408275 the reality on the ground in terms of
+57LmDVeCps0-01399-00408276-00408473 supply chain wages
+57LmDVeCps0-01400-00408474-00408695 um and it's a triangulation piece that
+57LmDVeCps0-01401-00408696-00409001 really shows the power of a Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-01402-00409002-00409199 um because workers were traditionally
+57LmDVeCps0-01403-00409200-00409487 not a group that was associated with ESG
+57LmDVeCps0-01404-00409488-00409697 data this environmental sustainability
+57LmDVeCps0-01405-00409697-00410045 data right it's it's a group that didn't
+57LmDVeCps0-01406-00410046-00410218 have access to the information didn't
+57LmDVeCps0-01407-00410219-00410476 have a way to provide information and
+57LmDVeCps0-01408-00410477-00410651 this is really what we're trying to
+57LmDVeCps0-01409-00410652-00410866 switch around and say well if you're
+57LmDVeCps0-01410-00410867-00411101 impacted by companies then surely you
+57LmDVeCps0-01411-00411102-00411274 should have a voice in this space that
+57LmDVeCps0-01412-00411275-00411499 is driving decision making on whether
+57LmDVeCps0-01413-00411500-00411718 the world is going in a sustainable
+57LmDVeCps0-01414-00411719-00411959 direction or not it's not just investors
+57LmDVeCps0-01415-00411960-00412193 who know best
+57LmDVeCps0-01416-00412193-00412528 and so this is really what uh what we're
+57LmDVeCps0-01417-00412529-00412726 working toward can we actually bring
+57LmDVeCps0-01418-00412727-00412907 this information into the hands of those
+57LmDVeCps0-01419-00412908-00413278 most impacted by companies as well
+57LmDVeCps0-01420-00413279-00413597 now and so we as I already mentioned
+57LmDVeCps0-01421-00413597-00413753 there's no way that we would ever sell
+57LmDVeCps0-01422-00413754-00414005 data um and this is so important to us
+57LmDVeCps0-01423-00414006-00414160 that it's part of our statutes it's it's
+57LmDVeCps0-01424-00414162-00414413 when we founded the organization that
+57LmDVeCps0-01425-00414414-00414634 was the basis of what we said we were
+57LmDVeCps0-01426-00414635-00414766 going to do
+57LmDVeCps0-01427-00414767-00414982 um so that's one way to protect that
+57LmDVeCps0-01428-00414983-00415216 comments that approach
+57LmDVeCps0-01429-00415217-00415522 um but we also really have uh different
+57LmDVeCps0-01430-00415523-00415709 systems in place in terms of governance
+57LmDVeCps0-01431-00415710-00415882 so we're actually doing updates to our
+57LmDVeCps0-01432-00415883-00416080 governance as well uh in the coming
+57LmDVeCps0-01433-00416081-00416255 months where we're bringing community
+57LmDVeCps0-01434-00416256-00416513 members onto our board and making sure
+57LmDVeCps0-01435-00416514-00416687 that they can also govern the the
+57LmDVeCps0-01436-00416688-00416897 organization that's behind everything
+57LmDVeCps0-01437-00416897-00417047 right that is maintaining this
+57LmDVeCps0-01438-00417047-00417209 infrastructure and that's providing this
+57LmDVeCps0-01439-00417210-00417430 access to the information so there's
+57LmDVeCps0-01440-00417431-00417760 also that element to it
+57LmDVeCps0-01441-00417762-00417964 so that gives you a little bit of
+57LmDVeCps0-01442-00417966-00418193 background about wikirade's Journey
+57LmDVeCps0-01443-00418193-00418384 um but while we were going through all
+57LmDVeCps0-01444-00418385-00418516 of these steps
+57LmDVeCps0-01445-00418517-00418720 um that we we weren't the only ones that
+57LmDVeCps0-01446-00418721-00418966 caught on to the data Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-01447-00418967-00419170 um a rise really
+57LmDVeCps0-01448-00419171-00419284 um so in 2018
+57LmDVeCps0-01449-00419285-00419447 um just to highlight a few big ones in
+57LmDVeCps0-01450-00419447-00419759 2018 Google's initiative the data
+57LmDVeCps0-01451-00419760-00419927 commons.org
+57LmDVeCps0-01452-00419928-00420070 um where they're aggregating a wide
+57LmDVeCps0-01453-00420071-00420245 range of sources
+57LmDVeCps0-01454-00420246-00420485 um from the public uh that they're
+57LmDVeCps0-01455-00420485-00420809 trying to make more easily accessible
+57LmDVeCps0-01456-00420810-00421168 um than you had in 2019 the EU that had
+57LmDVeCps0-01457-00421169-00421414 a directive on open data and making it
+57LmDVeCps0-01458-00421416-00421570 easier to reuse public sector
+57LmDVeCps0-01459-00421571-00421757 information
+57LmDVeCps0-01460-00421758-00422057 um just earlier this year we had also
+57LmDVeCps0-01461-00422058-00422225 the corporate sustainability reporting
+57LmDVeCps0-01462-00422226-00422405 directive in the EU
+57LmDVeCps0-01463-00422406-00422572 um where they also embedded this
+57LmDVeCps0-01464-00422573-00422729 question of like okay it needs to be
+57LmDVeCps0-01465-00422730-00422968 open data and there needs to be this
+57LmDVeCps0-01466-00422969-00423149 European single access point where
+57LmDVeCps0-01467-00423150-00423341 anyone can access this information and
+57LmDVeCps0-01468-00423342-00423491 extract it
+57LmDVeCps0-01469-00423492-00423707 um and we also had earlier this year the
+57LmDVeCps0-01470-00423708-00423905 announcement from macron from the French
+57LmDVeCps0-01471-00423906-00424151 government and Bloomberg together saying
+57LmDVeCps0-01472-00424152-00424385 they will create an open data repository
+57LmDVeCps0-01473-00424385-00424660 for climate action data so we're really
+57LmDVeCps0-01474-00424662-00424960 starting to see large political
+57LmDVeCps0-01475-00424962-00425237 um players and large private sector
+57LmDVeCps0-01476-00425238-00425693 players taking a stance on open data and
+57LmDVeCps0-01477-00425693-00425963 wanting to yeah test the waters can they
+57LmDVeCps0-01478-00425964-00426293 get involved can they help this movement
+57LmDVeCps0-01479-00426293-00426431 um but when you dive into the
+57LmDVeCps0-01480-00426432-00426593 practicalities of all these initiatives
+57LmDVeCps0-01481-00426593-00426809 that's really when it becomes clear that
+57LmDVeCps0-01482-00426810-00426931 these players
+57LmDVeCps0-01483-00426932-00427175 companies governments
+57LmDVeCps0-01484-00427176-00427505 the shared ownership this idea that data
+57LmDVeCps0-01485-00427506-00427768 belongs to the community as a whole is
+57LmDVeCps0-01486-00427769-00427939 something that they're struggling with
+57LmDVeCps0-01487-00427939-00428320 it is not something that comes intuitive
+57LmDVeCps0-01488-00428321-00428477 for them it's it's actually
+57LmDVeCps0-01489-00428478-00428705 counter-intuitive it's a mindset shift
+57LmDVeCps0-01490-00428706-00429016 and this is actually what we're seeing
+57LmDVeCps0-01491-00429017-00429222 in how they practice in the Practical
+57LmDVeCps0-01492-00429223-00429449 practicalities of it so what steps are
+57LmDVeCps0-01493-00429450-00429629 they actually taking what legal
+57LmDVeCps0-01494-00429630-00429814 Frameworks are they using to create
+57LmDVeCps0-01495-00429815-00430018 these initiatives
+57LmDVeCps0-01496-00430019-00430320 um and so you start to see for instance
+57LmDVeCps0-01497-00430321-00430607 non-profits that are data portals that
+57LmDVeCps0-01498-00430608-00430810 become privatized
+57LmDVeCps0-01499-00430812-00431033 um and that become a social business or
+57LmDVeCps0-01500-00431034-00431231 business with purpose
+57LmDVeCps0-01501-00431232-00431489 um you see a complicated business models
+57LmDVeCps0-01502-00431489-00431747 popping up where for instance they are
+57LmDVeCps0-01503-00431747-00431968 charging for the infrastructure so the
+57LmDVeCps0-01504-00431969-00432197 use of an API rather than the data
+57LmDVeCps0-01505-00432197-00432479 itself which of course can work
+57LmDVeCps0-01506-00432480-00432647 sometimes really well but then you start
+57LmDVeCps0-01507-00432647-00432875 to compete as an access point and you
+57LmDVeCps0-01508-00432876-00433127 understand what that means then
+57LmDVeCps0-01509-00433128-00433385 um and another thing that we're seeing
+57LmDVeCps0-01510-00433385-00433583 is that certain stakeholders are
+57LmDVeCps0-01511-00433584-00433793 completely forgotten so you're for
+57LmDVeCps0-01512-00433793-00434027 instance with the Bloomberg initiative
+57LmDVeCps0-01513-00434028-00434291 you're starting from a perspective of
+57LmDVeCps0-01514-00434292-00434537 reserve the financial sector and it's
+57LmDVeCps0-01515-00434538-00434741 going to be open data well if it's open
+57LmDVeCps0-01516-00434742-00434939 data there's also other stakeholders to
+57LmDVeCps0-01517-00434939-00435125 consider and are you considering them as
+57LmDVeCps0-01518-00435126-00435322 use cases are you making it easy for
+57LmDVeCps0-01519-00435323-00435479 them to access that information do they
+57LmDVeCps0-01520-00435480-00435695 have a say in how your service is going
+57LmDVeCps0-01521-00435696-00435857 to be provided what data you are
+57LmDVeCps0-01522-00435858-00436139 providing right so these are the kinds
+57LmDVeCps0-01523-00436139-00436259 of things that we're starting to see
+57LmDVeCps0-01524-00436260-00436445 that they're still struggling with so
+57LmDVeCps0-01525-00436446-00436733 while our advocacy focuses on just
+57LmDVeCps0-01526-00436734-00436889 helping people understand what is open
+57LmDVeCps0-01527-00436889-00437063 data you know if it's public that
+57LmDVeCps0-01528-00437064-00437291 doesn't just mean it's overdated there's
+57LmDVeCps0-01529-00437292-00437464 a licensing that comes with that and
+57LmDVeCps0-01530-00437465-00437651 lots of other things
+57LmDVeCps0-01531-00437652-00437957 um but also helping them understand what
+57LmDVeCps0-01532-00437958-00438203 practicalities what practical steps do
+57LmDVeCps0-01533-00438204-00438497 you need to take to really ensure that
+57LmDVeCps0-01534-00438497-00438677 you're going toward a date a common
+57LmDVeCps0-01535-00438678-00438977 system rather than just making a few
+57LmDVeCps0-01536-00438978-00439168 tweaks and saying that something that
+57LmDVeCps0-01537-00439169-00439414 previously you would hoard and sell now
+57LmDVeCps0-01538-00439415-00439660 is free for everyone right
+57LmDVeCps0-01539-00439662-00439925 um and so I would say the path is
+57LmDVeCps0-01540-00439926-00440225 slightly messy and chaotic but the rise
+57LmDVeCps0-01541-00440226-00440531 of the data Commons is undeniable
+57LmDVeCps0-01542-00440532-00440831 thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-01543-00440832-00441070 thank you very much Lorena I think there
+57LmDVeCps0-01544-00441071-00441472 are three three main points that are
+57LmDVeCps0-01545-00441473-00441701 very emerging as very clear and very
+57LmDVeCps0-01546-00441702-00441983 important from your from your talk and
+57LmDVeCps0-01547-00441984-00442283 first it's the need to involve the
+57LmDVeCps0-01548-00442284-00442505 community that is affected by the
+57LmDVeCps0-01549-00442506-00442751 comments in this case the people that
+57LmDVeCps0-01550-00442752-00443014 for instance also work in the
+57LmDVeCps0-01551-00443015-00443218 corporations but also that have an
+57LmDVeCps0-01552-00443219-00443464 impact on the the infrastructure the
+57LmDVeCps0-01553-00443465-00443722 data Commons then it is utilized so the
+57LmDVeCps0-01554-00443723-00443999 in the sociability of the people the
+57LmDVeCps0-01555-00444000-00444322 human elements from the commons and then
+57LmDVeCps0-01556-00444323-00444647 the the fact that the
+57LmDVeCps0-01557-00444647-00445018 SE kind of initiatives may very well and
+57LmDVeCps0-01558-00445019-00445366 actually very frequently end up in
+57LmDVeCps0-01559-00445367-00445637 privatize and again my point about
+57LmDVeCps0-01560-00445638-00445895 Twitter before precisely I mean I don't
+57LmDVeCps0-01561-00445896-00446033 want to argue that tree before being
+57LmDVeCps0-01562-00446034-00446260 portrayed by Elon Musk feature was a
+57LmDVeCps0-01563-00446262-00446620 Commons but the fact that it is possible
+57LmDVeCps0-01564-00446621-00446872 feasible and even easy for to some for
+57LmDVeCps0-01565-00446873-00447409 some people to purchase an entire uh in
+57LmDVeCps0-01566-00447410-00447659 organization or a structure that
+57LmDVeCps0-01567-00447660-00447995 previously was managed in the common uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01568-00447996-00448277 in the common uh interest and again I
+57LmDVeCps0-01569-00448278-00448451 don't want to associate this with how
+57LmDVeCps0-01570-00448452-00448672 Twitter was managed before but the fact
+57LmDVeCps0-01571-00448673-00448877 that this privatization of the commons
+57LmDVeCps0-01572-00448878-00449260 is feasible uh may be something which we
+57LmDVeCps0-01573-00449262-00449531 want to think and and discuss and then
+57LmDVeCps0-01574-00449532-00449747 the last point is that also in some
+57LmDVeCps0-01575-00449747-00449914 cases this become a necessity because
+57LmDVeCps0-01576-00449915-00450191 again it is if you do not have from the
+57LmDVeCps0-01577-00450192-00450455 very beginning a framework a governance
+57LmDVeCps0-01578-00450456-00450664 frame or that considers this
+57LmDVeCps0-01579-00450665-00450977 sustainability of the commons as a key
+57LmDVeCps0-01580-00450978-00451205 priority but I mean of course as
+57LmDVeCps0-01581-00451206-00451505 anything the management needs entails
+57LmDVeCps0-01582-00451506-00451697 costs and so it's also an interesting
+57LmDVeCps0-01583-00451697-00451955 and necessary to discuss to discuss also
+57LmDVeCps0-01584-00451956-00452170 the financial sustainability of the
+57LmDVeCps0-01585-00452171-00452525 comments as a point that if phased
+57LmDVeCps0-01586-00452526-00452747 tackled from the very beginning then
+57LmDVeCps0-01587-00452747-00452951 leads to the sustainability of The
+57LmDVeCps0-01588-00452952-00453268 Economist now I would like now to open
+57LmDVeCps0-01589-00453269-00453599 the floor for our second segment of this
+57LmDVeCps0-01590-00453600-00453779 fashion I don't see our last speaker
+57LmDVeCps0-01591-00453780-00454055 Alvaro unless he had he is connected
+57LmDVeCps0-01592-00454056-00454187 with the pseudonym
+57LmDVeCps0-01593-00454188-00454555 I don't in this case I would like him to
+57LmDVeCps0-01594-00454556-00455087 manifest himself in the chat otherwise
+57LmDVeCps0-01595-00455088-00455375 I don't see him right
+57LmDVeCps0-01596-00455376-00455681 so I think Adam I can pass I can pass
+57LmDVeCps0-01597-00455682-00455968 you the floor so that you uh open for
+57LmDVeCps0-01598-00455969-00456377 the uh our final segment of q a so
+57LmDVeCps0-01599-00456378-00456697 please Adam the floor is yours
+57LmDVeCps0-01600-00456697-00456905 yeah hi
+57LmDVeCps0-01601-00456906-00457168 um I assume Alvera isn't
+57LmDVeCps0-01602-00457169-00457931 in the uh in the audience
+57LmDVeCps0-01603-00457932-00458183 um but yeah we've heard a lot and thank
+57LmDVeCps0-01604-00458184-00458514 you Laureen for for your importance into
+57LmDVeCps0-01605-00458515-00459695 the space of data Commons and um
+57LmDVeCps0-01606-00459696-00459970 uh not only in in
+57LmDVeCps0-01607-00459971-00460283 um public spheres but also concerning
+57LmDVeCps0-01608-00460284-00460522 corporate activities uh within the
+57LmDVeCps0-01609-00460523-00460914 public spheres opening up to them
+57LmDVeCps0-01610-00460915-00461155 in the schedule
+57LmDVeCps0-01611-00461156-00461459 should certainly part of
+57LmDVeCps0-01612-00461460-00461789 um a Hillary government of Commerce
+57LmDVeCps0-01613-00461789-00461903 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01614-00461904-00462210 yes so um
+57LmDVeCps0-01615-00462212-00462718 open up to the floor of the of the venue
+57LmDVeCps0-01616-00462719-00462995 in Addis Ababa to ask whether we have
+57LmDVeCps0-01617-00462996-00464037 any uh the questions
+57LmDVeCps0-01618-00464038-00464737 [Music]
+57LmDVeCps0-01619-00464738-00464964 with uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01620-00464965-00465916 I can't just start talking over them
+57LmDVeCps0-01621-00465917-00466127 when you have comments or questions
+57LmDVeCps0-01622-00466128-00466522 please identify yourself uh any case the
+57LmDVeCps0-01623-00466523-00466781 captioning doesn't work properly as
+57LmDVeCps0-01624-00466782-00467063 highlighted before you can even correct
+57LmDVeCps0-01625-00467064-00467447 the the captioning which restating your
+57LmDVeCps0-01626-00467447-00467789 name so yes I guess we have some
+57LmDVeCps0-01627-00467789-00468059 comments and questions from the floor
+57LmDVeCps0-01628-00468060-00468497 yes my name is Raul Plummer hi Luca and
+57LmDVeCps0-01629-00468497-00468664 Nicholas
+57LmDVeCps0-01630-00468665-00468989 um I think Nigel already asked an
+57LmDVeCps0-01631-00468989-00469159 interesting question that do we want to
+57LmDVeCps0-01632-00469160-00469716 regulate this on the U.N level
+57LmDVeCps0-01633-00469717-00470045 it looks like the the mic on the floor
+57LmDVeCps0-01634-00470046-00470416 is mutant so let me it's on here
+57LmDVeCps0-01635-00470417-00470872 um for us to unmute igfa the cost
+57LmDVeCps0-01636-00470873-00471060 can you get me yes
+57LmDVeCps0-01637-00471062-00471364 okay thank you very much so uh Nigel
+57LmDVeCps0-01638-00471365-00471737 touched on a on a nice point in the chat
+57LmDVeCps0-01639-00471738-00471959 um uh something that should be uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01640-00471960-00472127 regulating
+57LmDVeCps0-01641-00472128-00472331 um this on the level of the United
+57LmDVeCps0-01642-00472332-00472499 Nations
+57LmDVeCps0-01643-00472500-00472745 um and I think uh well that sort of uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01644-00472746-00472901 spurred me to think of of a question
+57LmDVeCps0-01645-00472902-00473170 that's been and what Nicholas was saying
+57LmDVeCps0-01646-00473171-00473429 about the the transit of the information
+57LmDVeCps0-01647-00473430-00473759 and the data between the networks
+57LmDVeCps0-01648-00473760-00473993 um and my question is
+57LmDVeCps0-01649-00473993-00474133 um is there any push
+57LmDVeCps0-01650-00474134-00474520 for regulate for regulation that would
+57LmDVeCps0-01651-00474521-00474803 actually give a margin of the
+57LmDVeCps0-01652-00474804-00475175 communications uh from the ISP networks
+57LmDVeCps0-01653-00475176-00475570 to these comments initiative because I
+57LmDVeCps0-01654-00475571-00475883 think there should be like the officials
+57LmDVeCps0-01655-00475884-00476309 have a share like that uh is is sort of
+57LmDVeCps0-01656-00476310-00476627 reserved for the official use uh and I
+57LmDVeCps0-01657-00476628-00476837 think there there could be a margin for
+57LmDVeCps0-01658-00476838-00477137 the for the commons used as well instead
+57LmDVeCps0-01659-00477138-00477449 of just like basically reserving uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01660-00477450-00477749 bandwidth for not-for-profit and
+57LmDVeCps0-01661-00477750-00478091 Community networks data streams
+57LmDVeCps0-01662-00478092-00478283 so is there any push for this kind of
+57LmDVeCps0-01663-00478284-00478822 Regulation I think there should be
+57LmDVeCps0-01664-00478823-00480509 see if there is no
+57LmDVeCps0-01665-00480510-00480803 reality because you should be on music
+57LmDVeCps0-01666-00480804-00481127 okay
+57LmDVeCps0-01667-00481128-00481618 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01668-00481619-00481768 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01669-00481769-00481939 hello roll
+57LmDVeCps0-01670-00481939-00482416 uh well we we are trying to push for
+57LmDVeCps0-01671-00482417-00482879 this it's not uh easy really because
+57LmDVeCps0-01672-00482880-00483209 it's not easy for them to understand for
+57LmDVeCps0-01673-00483210-00483407 the state to understand what we're
+57LmDVeCps0-01674-00483408-00483539 asking for
+57LmDVeCps0-01675-00483539-00483785 because it's usually
+57LmDVeCps0-01676-00483785-00484145 the commons is not the framework they
+57LmDVeCps0-01677-00484146-00484318 come from
+57LmDVeCps0-01678-00484319-00484468 so
+57LmDVeCps0-01679-00484469-00484799 you have to explain like
+57LmDVeCps0-01680-00484800-00485063 for example here in Argentina we have an
+57LmDVeCps0-01681-00485064-00485249 interesting
+57LmDVeCps0-01682-00485250-00485333 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01683-00485334-00485813 point because as you know in
+57LmDVeCps0-01684-00485814-00486322 I think it was in 2013 that the media
+57LmDVeCps0-01685-00486323-00486839 law was approved here in Argentina
+57LmDVeCps0-01686-00486839-00486899 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01687-00486900-00487289 this law one of the things that it
+57LmDVeCps0-01688-00487289-00487613 stated was that
+57LmDVeCps0-01689-00487614-00487697 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01690-00487697-00487991 Spectrum radio spectrum
+57LmDVeCps0-01691-00487992-00488351 should be divided in three
+57LmDVeCps0-01692-00488352-00488620 one for the one-third for the public
+57LmDVeCps0-01693-00488621-00489029 sector one-third for the for-profit
+57LmDVeCps0-01694-00489030-00489437 sector and one third for the non-profit
+57LmDVeCps0-01695-00489438-00489587 sector
+57LmDVeCps0-01696-00489588-00489989 and this was related to radio and TV
+57LmDVeCps0-01697-00489989-00490135 frequencies
+57LmDVeCps0-01698-00490135-00490535 and it did not address internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01699-00490535-00490931 bandwidth but I think that is a very
+57LmDVeCps0-01700-00490932-00491399 interesting uh point to raise like if if
+57LmDVeCps0-01701-00491400-00491585 that made sense
+57LmDVeCps0-01702-00491585-00492137 why doesn't it make sense to reserve uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01703-00492138-00492568 bandwidth in state networks for
+57LmDVeCps0-01704-00492569-00492947 Community data packets I think it it
+57LmDVeCps0-01705-00492947-00493799 makes a complete sense
+57LmDVeCps0-01706-00493800-00494063 yeah thanks uh Nick
+57LmDVeCps0-01707-00494064-00494255 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01708-00494256-00494507 my hand and I think Osama has as well
+57LmDVeCps0-01709-00494508-00494879 but just to use co-hosting privileges
+57LmDVeCps0-01710-00494880-00495149 um I think there is a comment there
+57LmDVeCps0-01711-00495150-00495316 about
+57LmDVeCps0-01712-00495317-00495587 Canada say the the UN or such other
+57LmDVeCps0-01713-00495588-00495970 bodies uh it governs such things it's
+57LmDVeCps0-01714-00495971-00496283 it's really complex at scale I'm not
+57LmDVeCps0-01715-00496284-00496505 sure but I think there can be a feedback
+57LmDVeCps0-01716-00496506-00496937 mechanism have all these growing demands
+57LmDVeCps0-01717-00496938-00497231 from groups of the Ed hedges
+57LmDVeCps0-01718-00497232-00497518 Community networks uh people interested
+57LmDVeCps0-01719-00497519-00497801 in particular data Commons and so on but
+57LmDVeCps0-01720-00497802-00498341 but the centralized governing uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01721-00498342-00498677 um are not equipped they're not enabled
+57LmDVeCps0-01722-00498678-00498959 they don't have the tools enabled to to
+57LmDVeCps0-01723-00498960-00499205 carry the conversation bi-directionally
+57LmDVeCps0-01724-00499206-00499463 I think it very much is something of
+57LmDVeCps0-01725-00499464-00499829 scale and of scope of data
+57LmDVeCps0-01726-00499830-00500141 Osama he had your hand up there perhaps
+57LmDVeCps0-01727-00500142-00501127 you've got a comment to make
+57LmDVeCps0-01728-00501128-00501583 unusual summer
+57LmDVeCps0-01729-00501584-00501989 yes right now yeah thank you uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01730-00501989-00502270 I was trying to unmute so two people
+57LmDVeCps0-01731-00502271-00502445 together on muting is like muting
+57LmDVeCps0-01732-00502446-00502877 yourself uh so uh thank you very much uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01733-00502878-00503129 no so I had a I had one
+57LmDVeCps0-01734-00503130-00503485 um uh interesting
+57LmDVeCps0-01735-00503485-00503813 intervention is that you know internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01736-00503814-00504166 access is pretty much stopped out all
+57LmDVeCps0-01737-00504167-00504353 over the world it has been done by
+57LmDVeCps0-01738-00504354-00504779 Telecom right which is 90 of them are
+57LmDVeCps0-01739-00504780-00504983 private agencies and in several
+57LmDVeCps0-01740-00504984-00505210 countries government it is pretty much
+57LmDVeCps0-01741-00505212-00505451 like creating an highway or a road
+57LmDVeCps0-01742-00505452-00505763 making but can we liberalize internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01743-00505764-00506116 access totally from the responsibility
+57LmDVeCps0-01744-00506117-00506435 of Telecom altogether for anybody can
+57LmDVeCps0-01745-00506435-00506639 build their own internet can build their
+57LmDVeCps0-01746-00506639-00506891 own uh you know that doesn't mean that
+57LmDVeCps0-01747-00506892-00507064 it won't connect to the internet just
+57LmDVeCps0-01748-00507065-00507293 that if I have privately or Civil
+57LmDVeCps0-01749-00507293-00507551 Society or Collective have money I can
+57LmDVeCps0-01750-00507552-00507779 build my road if you are not building my
+57LmDVeCps0-01751-00507780-00508085 road similarly I can build my own mall
+57LmDVeCps0-01752-00508085-00508264 or a shopping mall I can build my own
+57LmDVeCps0-01753-00508265-00508559 Market in Bazaar and I can also build my
+57LmDVeCps0-01754-00508560-00508847 own internet and liberalizing this will
+57LmDVeCps0-01755-00508847-00509129 actually enable people to create the
+57LmDVeCps0-01756-00509130-00509314 network and then it will be a matter of
+57LmDVeCps0-01757-00509315-00509531 you know interconnecting with other
+57LmDVeCps0-01758-00509532-00509897 network or other kind of things so there
+57LmDVeCps0-01759-00509897-00510163 is this collectivization will become
+57LmDVeCps0-01760-00510164-00510472 liberalized and will translate into
+57LmDVeCps0-01761-00510473-00510760 building my own data infrastructure or
+57LmDVeCps0-01762-00510762-00510899 digital infrastructure or Internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01763-00510900-00511120 infrastructure Community Network is
+57LmDVeCps0-01764-00511121-00511325 pretty much like that but it is also
+57LmDVeCps0-01765-00511326-00511618 seen as a subset of Internet but what I
+57LmDVeCps0-01766-00511619-00511859 am saying is that can it be liberalized
+57LmDVeCps0-01767-00511860-00512220 can there be a policy of creating
+57LmDVeCps0-01768-00512221-00512579 connectivity as a bottom up approach for
+57LmDVeCps0-01769-00512580-00512747 the rest of the world which is supposed
+57LmDVeCps0-01770-00512747-00512897 to be connected with where the
+57LmDVeCps0-01771-00512897-00513095 affordability is a big issue because
+57LmDVeCps0-01772-00513096-00513316 Telecom won't connect if they just it is
+57LmDVeCps0-01773-00513317-00513509 not a phone it not doesn't make business
+57LmDVeCps0-01774-00513510-00513718 sense for them right right and and
+57LmDVeCps0-01775-00513719-00513941 therefore it is important and I I
+57LmDVeCps0-01776-00513942-00514241 directed the example of several
+57LmDVeCps0-01777-00514242-00514409 Community networks that's what they are
+57LmDVeCps0-01778-00514410-00514660 doing but are they becoming policy what
+57LmDVeCps0-01779-00514662-00514847 are the things that can make them policy
+57LmDVeCps0-01780-00514847-00515110 you know what kind of so liberalization
+57LmDVeCps0-01781-00515112-00515495 is one side itself will give them a open
+57LmDVeCps0-01782-00515496-00515716 hand to build your own network you know
+57LmDVeCps0-01783-00515717-00515914 so we don't have to work like Community
+57LmDVeCps0-01784-00515915-00516341 radio right so liberalizing the uh the
+57LmDVeCps0-01785-00516342-00516581 whole requirement of Licensing itself
+57LmDVeCps0-01786-00516582-00516820 should be should be something should be
+57LmDVeCps0-01787-00516821-00517085 deleted from the law book you know like
+57LmDVeCps0-01788-00517085-00517325 you know we don't need to you know first
+57LmDVeCps0-01789-00517326-00517516 you de-liberalize and then therefore you
+57LmDVeCps0-01790-00517517-00517751 do need a separate license to connect
+57LmDVeCps0-01791-00517752-00517937 know because then I'm automatically
+57LmDVeCps0-01792-00517938-00518351 liable to build my own network use my
+57LmDVeCps0-01793-00518352-00518572 own network to have like the like the
+57LmDVeCps0-01794-00518573-00518759 way we have private colonies like the
+57LmDVeCps0-01795-00518760-00519005 way we have you know secluded colonies
+57LmDVeCps0-01796-00519006-00519214 and so on and so forth and and and
+57LmDVeCps0-01797-00519215-00519689 therefore uh the document that I shared
+57LmDVeCps0-01798-00519689-00519910 on the chat that G20 endorsed the
+57LmDVeCps0-01799-00519912-00520066 Community Network as an alternative
+57LmDVeCps0-01800-00520067-00520318 digital infrastructure or digital
+57LmDVeCps0-01801-00520319-00520643 transformation model can be one of the
+57LmDVeCps0-01802-00520643-00520895 things that we can use it as a as a as
+57LmDVeCps0-01803-00520896-00521153 an excuse and the second thing is that
+57LmDVeCps0-01804-00521154-00521387 forget about internet or
+57LmDVeCps0-01805-00521388-00521614 digital infrastructure there are many
+57LmDVeCps0-01806-00521615-00521818 Commons that is available all over the
+57LmDVeCps0-01807-00521819-00522029 world the way communities
+57LmDVeCps0-01808-00522030-00522287 so what are those models that can be
+57LmDVeCps0-01809-00522288-00522581 applied to create a digital colonies or
+57LmDVeCps0-01810-00522582-00522833 a digital models of connectivity you
+57LmDVeCps0-01811-00522834-00523066 know like auroville in India Oroville
+57LmDVeCps0-01812-00523067-00523385 has their own uh mechanism of payment
+57LmDVeCps0-01813-00523385-00523643 system connectivity system internally
+57LmDVeCps0-01814-00523643-00523877 irrespective of whether the internet was
+57LmDVeCps0-01815-00523878-00524159 there or not uh similarly there are many
+57LmDVeCps0-01816-00524160-00524381 many in Scotland there are many many
+57LmDVeCps0-01817-00524382-00524639 comments like that there are many you
+57LmDVeCps0-01818-00524640-00524807 know I'm sure in Brazil there are many
+57LmDVeCps0-01819-00524808-00525047 the many communities who live with their
+57LmDVeCps0-01820-00525048-00525353 own laws and rules and regulations and
+57LmDVeCps0-01821-00525354-00525725 very happy and with a lot of liberalism
+57LmDVeCps0-01822-00525726-00525977 with a lot of you know Common principles
+57LmDVeCps0-01823-00525978-00526283 can we adopt those principles and apply
+57LmDVeCps0-01824-00526284-00526511 to digital connectivity and internet
+57LmDVeCps0-01825-00526512-00526783 connectivity and and and and and and
+57LmDVeCps0-01826-00526784-00527159 share with each other to see how uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01827-00527160-00527501 internet comments can be created uh with
+57LmDVeCps0-01828-00527502-00528083 its own localization thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-01829-00528084-00528299 I just wanted to check in and also make
+57LmDVeCps0-01830-00528300-00528485 a comment because I've seen it in the
+57LmDVeCps0-01831-00528486-00528779 chat there has been a comment I think by
+57LmDVeCps0-01832-00528780-00529229 Nigel uh Hicks Satan if we want the U.N
+57LmDVeCps0-01833-00529230-00529589 to be the Forum that that regulates that
+57LmDVeCps0-01834-00529590-00529901 at least that that organizes and leads
+57LmDVeCps0-01835-00529902-00530272 regulation in this quite uh sensitive
+57LmDVeCps0-01836-00530273-00530687 issues and of course uh while we are in
+57LmDVeCps0-01837-00530688-00530975 a U.N Summit in this moment we all
+57LmDVeCps0-01838-00530976-00531166 recognize that there are limits to the
+57LmDVeCps0-01839-00531167-00531568 UN and so that the pace of policy
+57LmDVeCps0-01840-00531569-00531851 elaboration in the U.N is absolutely not
+57LmDVeCps0-01841-00531852-00532120 the same base as the evolution of
+57LmDVeCps0-01842-00532121-00532366 Technology of course but there is there
+57LmDVeCps0-01843-00532367-00532601 is a green but here which is the
+57LmDVeCps0-01844-00532602-00532829 alternative which Ultra which better
+57LmDVeCps0-01845-00532830-00533207 alternative we have I honestly I I
+57LmDVeCps0-01846-00533208-00533399 understand very I sympathize very much
+57LmDVeCps0-01847-00533400-00533735 with all the criticism uh really I I'm
+57LmDVeCps0-01848-00533736-00533975 not saying this just for politeness but
+57LmDVeCps0-01849-00533976-00534166 I really sympathize very actually all
+57LmDVeCps0-01850-00534167-00534503 the same criticism towards the U.N is a
+57LmDVeCps0-01851-00534504-00534803 not the most agile organization in the
+57LmDVeCps0-01852-00534804-00535222 world of course but we have to recognize
+57LmDVeCps0-01853-00535223-00535475 also there has been some increasing
+57LmDVeCps0-01854-00535476-00535877 openness including to discuss this type
+57LmDVeCps0-01855-00535878-00536225 of issues and I also think we deserve
+57LmDVeCps0-01856-00536226-00536537 some credits to have brought this issue
+57LmDVeCps0-01857-00536538-00536872 in the into igf discussions not only
+57LmDVeCps0-01858-00536873-00537070 with the internet Commerce Forum but a
+57LmDVeCps0-01859-00537071-00537335 lot with Community networks discussions
+57LmDVeCps0-01860-00537336-00537539 over the past years and this is leading
+57LmDVeCps0-01861-00537540-00537785 to fruits I mean with all due respect
+57LmDVeCps0-01862-00537786-00538103 for the very well-deserved criticism for
+57LmDVeCps0-01863-00538104-00538564 the U.N only some weeks ago at the itu
+57LmDVeCps0-01864-00538565-00538768 planning potentially there was and
+57LmDVeCps0-01865-00538769-00538975 option of the resolution that gives
+57LmDVeCps0-01866-00538976-00539333 instructions to the itu development role
+57LmDVeCps0-01867-00539334-00539645 to support sharing experiences and
+57LmDVeCps0-01868-00539646-00539920 information on alternative in
+57LmDVeCps0-01869-00539921-00540191 complementary Access Network so this
+57LmDVeCps0-01870-00540192-00540503 preset means in de facto that all the
+57LmDVeCps0-01871-00540504-00540725 efforts of all the people that have been
+57LmDVeCps0-01872-00540726-00540922 working for Community Networks
+57LmDVeCps0-01873-00540923-00541175 over the past decades and especially
+57LmDVeCps0-01874-00541176-00541499 within the igf and then the UN level or
+57LmDVeCps0-01875-00541500-00541762 the past seven eight years as we have
+57LmDVeCps0-01876-00541763-00542045 been doing are leading to some fruits of
+57LmDVeCps0-01877-00542046-00542339 course it things do not happen magically
+57LmDVeCps0-01878-00542340-00542753 overnight and of course the U.N has
+57LmDVeCps0-01879-00542754-00543005 buried uh pardon me for being so blunt
+57LmDVeCps0-01880-00543006-00543359 but very lethargic times sometimes but I
+57LmDVeCps0-01881-00543360-00543725 I don't see and I open this as a as a
+57LmDVeCps0-01882-00543726-00543899 open
+57LmDVeCps0-01883-00543900-00544157 questions maybe also for Nigel or for
+57LmDVeCps0-01884-00544158-00544541 others in the room what other fora uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01885-00544542-00544799 that may be more suitable to the
+57LmDVeCps0-01886-00544800-00545057 elaboration of shared rules and even
+57LmDVeCps0-01887-00545058-00545362 shared principles that advocates for for
+57LmDVeCps0-01888-00545363-00545633 uh a different and a complementary
+57LmDVeCps0-01889-00545634-00546022 approach is Coleman's base approach that
+57LmDVeCps0-01890-00546023-00546251 could be that can be can have on one
+57LmDVeCps0-01891-00546252-00546457 hand the same relevance the same impact
+57LmDVeCps0-01892-00546458-00546749 but also the same Authority that the UN
+57LmDVeCps0-01893-00546750-00546905 can have so if you have any other
+57LmDVeCps0-01894-00546906-00547181 suggestions I'm really very I would very
+57LmDVeCps0-01895-00547182-00547457 be very happy to to hear them and with
+57LmDVeCps0-01896-00547458-00547618 this provocation I think we could
+57LmDVeCps0-01897-00547619-00548014 continue doing the debate yes there is I
+57LmDVeCps0-01898-00548015-00548129 think the traditional already some
+57LmDVeCps0-01899-00548130-00548375 replies from the floor
+57LmDVeCps0-01900-00548376-00548681 well good good afternoon perhaps I could
+57LmDVeCps0-01901-00548682-00548885 just just briefly very briefly say
+57LmDVeCps0-01902-00548886-00549233 something uh night Nigel Hickson uh UK
+57LmDVeCps0-01903-00549234-00549455 uh government
+57LmDVeCps0-01904-00549456-00549677 first of all thank you very much for
+57LmDVeCps0-01905-00549678-00549887 this session I I think it touches on
+57LmDVeCps0-01906-00549888-00550325 extremely important issues uh because as
+57LmDVeCps0-01907-00550326-00550672 as we've heard from contributors and uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01908-00550673-00550955 also on data of of course as well the
+57LmDVeCps0-01909-00550956-00551218 these issues are of importance to
+57LmDVeCps0-01910-00551219-00551387 everyone so I'm certainly not
+57LmDVeCps0-01911-00551388-00551531 trivializing the importance of this
+57LmDVeCps0-01912-00551532-00551729 panel and the people you brought
+57LmDVeCps0-01913-00551730-00551885 together and I'm certainly not
+57LmDVeCps0-01914-00551886-00552268 criticizing the UN at all uh it's not my
+57LmDVeCps0-01915-00552269-00552899 role and I this un igf is something that
+57LmDVeCps0-01916-00552900-00553139 certainly the UK government passionately
+57LmDVeCps0-01917-00553140-00553366 believes in and I passionately believe
+57LmDVeCps0-01918-00553367-00553745 in you know I was at the world Summit on
+57LmDVeCps0-01919-00553746-00554093 the Information Society in 2003 uh when
+57LmDVeCps0-01920-00554094-00554453 we first started discussing this so
+57LmDVeCps0-01921-00554454-00554675 the point I I think I was trying to make
+57LmDVeCps0-01922-00554676-00554909 was really in in relation to technical
+57LmDVeCps0-01923-00554910-00555227 standards and you know there had been a
+57LmDVeCps0-01924-00555228-00555575 discussion about how we you know how we
+57LmDVeCps0-01925-00555576-00555833 can ensure this interoperability and
+57LmDVeCps0-01926-00555834-00556061 this interconnectivity and and how
+57LmDVeCps0-01927-00556062-00556355 everyone can have the uh appropriate
+57LmDVeCps0-01928-00556356-00556625 internet experience and I think our our
+57LmDVeCps0-01929-00556626-00556931 concerns is is is is is that and we
+57LmDVeCps0-01930-00556932-00557225 fully I I think you know what Andrea
+57LmDVeCps0-01931-00557226-00557477 said earlier is is
+57LmDVeCps0-01932-00557478-00557807 we really positive to have principles to
+57LmDVeCps0-01933-00557808-00558005 discuss this further and to understand
+57LmDVeCps0-01934-00558006-00558316 exactly what we mean by internet Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-01935-00558317-00558509 and what we think the principles are
+57LmDVeCps0-01936-00558510-00558725 behind it but when you get down to the
+57LmDVeCps0-01937-00558726-00559055 technical issues of of Standards Then I
+57LmDVeCps0-01938-00559056-00559307 then I think that you know the UN is
+57LmDVeCps0-01939-00559308-00559553 probably not the best area to negotiate
+57LmDVeCps0-01940-00559554-00559768 you know technical standards but clearly
+57LmDVeCps0-01941-00559769-00559985 at the principal level at the policy
+57LmDVeCps0-01942-00559986-00560177 level that as you rightly said has
+57LmDVeCps0-01943-00560178-00560393 pointed to at the itu plenty of
+57LmDVeCps0-01944-00560394-00560747 potentiary uh a few weeks back uh I
+57LmDVeCps0-01945-00560748-00560993 think we all have a a role to play in
+57LmDVeCps0-01946-00560994-00561262 this so thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-01947-00561263-00561545 okay
+57LmDVeCps0-01948-00561546-00561737 if I may jump in just with a quick
+57LmDVeCps0-01949-00561738-00561941 response thank you for that
+57LmDVeCps0-01950-00561942-00562235 um uh those those comments and I really
+57LmDVeCps0-01951-00562236-00562487 do think it's it's about scale I think
+57LmDVeCps0-01952-00562488-00562745 uh the UN should be should be probably
+57LmDVeCps0-01953-00562746-00563062 quite slow because it has a larger scale
+57LmDVeCps0-01954-00563063-00563291 to consider
+57LmDVeCps0-01955-00563292-00563435 um I think perhaps some of the
+57LmDVeCps0-01956-00563436-00563807 challenges are finding Regional
+57LmDVeCps0-01957-00563808-00564227 governance structures that work for
+57LmDVeCps0-01958-00564228-00564485 um more fragmented or more Federated
+57LmDVeCps0-01959-00564486-00564791 communities whether that be in a data
+57LmDVeCps0-01960-00564792-00565079 Forum or whether a regional Forum
+57LmDVeCps0-01961-00565080-00565312 geographically
+57LmDVeCps0-01962-00565313-00565666 um to to help speed this governance
+57LmDVeCps0-01963-00565667-00565991 process up and I'm not quite sure where
+57LmDVeCps0-01964-00565992-00566255 that should lie whether it should be
+57LmDVeCps0-01965-00566256-00566531 um in the um Civil Society region
+57LmDVeCps0-01966-00566532-00566759 whether it should be in this
+57LmDVeCps0-01967-00566760-00566987 um these are questions we still need to
+57LmDVeCps0-01968-00566988-00567227 really understand does the
+57LmDVeCps0-01969-00567228-00567383 multi-stakeholder
+57LmDVeCps0-01970-00567384-00567449 um
+57LmDVeCps0-01971-00567450-00567761 model work as uh still work with with
+57LmDVeCps0-01972-00567762-00568091 our modern requirements now at a sort of
+57LmDVeCps0-01973-00568092-00568325 a policy level for guidance and and
+57LmDVeCps0-01974-00568326-00568475 governance
+57LmDVeCps0-01975-00568476-00568583 um these are all the interesting
+57LmDVeCps0-01976-00568584-00568751 questions
+57LmDVeCps0-01977-00568752-00569027 um are there any further uh
+57LmDVeCps0-01978-00569028-00569303 sponsors on the floor or speakers
+57LmDVeCps0-01979-00569304-00569885 virtually
+57LmDVeCps0-01980-00569886-00570137 I have a question yes if you have any
+57LmDVeCps0-01981-00570138-00570287 questions for the comments please go
+57LmDVeCps0-01982-00570288-00570503 ahead and please identify yourself with
+57LmDVeCps0-01983-00570504-00570731 your affiliation before starting to
+57LmDVeCps0-01984-00570732-00570941 speak thank you hello
+57LmDVeCps0-01985-00570942-00571079 can you hear me
+57LmDVeCps0-01986-00571080-00571439 hello yes yeah I just have a a small
+57LmDVeCps0-01987-00571440-00571612 comment question
+57LmDVeCps0-01988-00571613-00571835 um I'm poginart I'm from Barcelona I am
+57LmDVeCps0-01989-00571836-00572111 at a business school in asada and I just
+57LmDVeCps0-01990-00572112-00572381 recently wrote a paper on the comments
+57LmDVeCps0-01991-00572382-00572759 um but for business ethics Journal so
+57LmDVeCps0-01992-00572760-00573095 our me and my colleagues were trying to
+57LmDVeCps0-01993-00573096-00573370 find out which were the ethical aspects
+57LmDVeCps0-01994-00573371-00573485 of the comments that should be
+57LmDVeCps0-01995-00573486-00573670 highlighted
+57LmDVeCps0-01996-00573671-00573851 um focusing basically on the traditional
+57LmDVeCps0-01997-00573852-00574097 comments the ones studied by Renault and
+57LmDVeCps0-01998-00574098-00574343 and and we focused very much on the
+57LmDVeCps0-01999-00574344-00574741 tragedy of the commons
+57LmDVeCps0-02000-00574742-00575003 pointed out in 1968
+57LmDVeCps0-02001-00575004-00575225 and then we found out that it doesn't
+57LmDVeCps0-02002-00575226-00575381 really apply so much to the digital
+57LmDVeCps0-02003-00575382-00575566 comments as it does to the traditional
+57LmDVeCps0-02004-00575567-00575866 comments and we were also wondering
+57LmDVeCps0-02005-00575867-00576041 whether the same definition could be
+57LmDVeCps0-02006-00576042-00576245 applied to both or whether it should be
+57LmDVeCps0-02007-00576246-00576395 a different definition for digital
+57LmDVeCps0-02008-00576396-00576564 Commons especially in terms of
+57LmDVeCps0-02009-00576565-00576972 extractability and and
+57LmDVeCps0-02010-00576973-00577193 how they come the digital comments can
+57LmDVeCps0-02011-00577194-00577439 be and then we endlessly extracted
+57LmDVeCps0-02012-00577440-00577709 whereas the traditional garments have a
+57LmDVeCps0-02013-00577710-00577943 limit and therefore they tend to towards
+57LmDVeCps0-02014-00577944-00578249 tragedy and digital comments not so much
+57LmDVeCps0-02015-00578250-00578333 so
+57LmDVeCps0-02016-00578334-00578518 I don't know if anyone has answered to
+57LmDVeCps0-02017-00578519-00578687 that yeah thank you for that comment
+57LmDVeCps0-02018-00578688-00578897 actually uh just briefly
+57LmDVeCps0-02019-00578898-00579112 um Eleanor Ostrom did actually publish
+57LmDVeCps0-02020-00579113-00579455 uh at least one uh publication on
+57LmDVeCps0-02021-00579456-00579743 digital Commons well as geographical and
+57LmDVeCps0-02022-00579744-00579964 physical
+57LmDVeCps0-02023-00579965-00580289 uh and so I think the the principles of
+57LmDVeCps0-02024-00580290-00580577 governments and and of of common space
+57LmDVeCps0-02025-00580578-00580853 structures uh can fit into the digital
+57LmDVeCps0-02026-00580854-00581116 realm as well as the physical just as
+57LmDVeCps0-02027-00581117-00581393 well but you make a good point that uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02028-00581394-00581725 extractivism and um the infinite
+57LmDVeCps0-02029-00581726-00582118 copyability of digital uh assets are a
+57LmDVeCps0-02030-00582119-00582341 distinct difference when it comes to the
+57LmDVeCps0-02031-00582342-00582916 digital Commons as opposed to
+57LmDVeCps0-02032-00582917-00583066 and we need to
+57LmDVeCps0-02033-00583067-00583295 more about that in some of the Full
+57LmDVeCps0-02034-00583296-00583777 common stack
+57LmDVeCps0-02035-00583778-00584116 actually also if I may chip in again
+57LmDVeCps0-02036-00584117-00584422 with a quick comments uh I think that
+57LmDVeCps0-02037-00584423-00584687 what's what's also very interesting to
+57LmDVeCps0-02038-00584688-00585041 to note is that uh I mean one of the
+57LmDVeCps0-02039-00585042-00585125 most
+57LmDVeCps0-02040-00585126-00585533 uh renowned formula about Commons is the
+57LmDVeCps0-02041-00585534-00585737 tragedy of the comments but this is
+57LmDVeCps0-02042-00585738-00586103 actually a scenario that sort of that
+57LmDVeCps0-02043-00586104-00586439 consists in the uh over exploitation and
+57LmDVeCps0-02044-00586440-00586643 destruction of the commons by people
+57LmDVeCps0-02045-00586644-00586925 that as they don't have not having any
+57LmDVeCps0-02046-00586926-00587164 property rights they don't know how to
+57LmDVeCps0-02047-00587165-00587393 manage a resource and they automatically
+57LmDVeCps0-02048-00587394-00587537 this automatically leads to over
+57LmDVeCps0-02049-00587538-00587759 exploitation and destruction but that is
+57LmDVeCps0-02050-00587760-00588043 actually not really a a
+57LmDVeCps0-02051-00588044-00588268 conceptualization of the commons is a
+57LmDVeCps0-02052-00588269-00588683 consideration of a lack of principles
+57LmDVeCps0-02053-00588684-00588983 governing a shared resource so it's
+57LmDVeCps0-02054-00588984-00589325 quite the antithesis of a comments again
+57LmDVeCps0-02055-00589326-00589618 as I was trying to to stress at the very
+57LmDVeCps0-02056-00589619-00589816 beginning of this session what is it is
+57LmDVeCps0-02057-00589817-00590045 really and I think was very well
+57LmDVeCps0-02058-00590046-00590266 explained also in the example uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02059-00590267-00590483 recounted by Laureen what is very
+57LmDVeCps0-02060-00590484-00590741 important to understand in is the in the
+57LmDVeCps0-02061-00590742-00590941 sociability between the human element
+57LmDVeCps0-02062-00590942-00591275 and the research others so the fact that
+57LmDVeCps0-02063-00591276-00591481 the individual is a community that
+57LmDVeCps0-02064-00591482-00591725 organized the common in the Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-02065-00591726-00591977 model they understand they care about
+57LmDVeCps0-02066-00591978-00592243 the common resource and how this will be
+57LmDVeCps0-02067-00592244-00592535 managed and even passed through to next
+57LmDVeCps0-02068-00592536-00592841 Generations so the what is it
+57LmDVeCps0-02069-00592842-00593129 classically considered in a very with a
+57LmDVeCps0-02070-00593130-00593416 very appealing for those who we don't
+57LmDVeCps0-02071-00593417-00593687 like or don't know comments models the
+57LmDVeCps0-02072-00593688-00593945 tragedy of the commons is de facto the
+57LmDVeCps0-02073-00593946-00594311 tragedy of a lack of normative and
+57LmDVeCps0-02074-00594312-00594557 governance framework that can prevent
+57LmDVeCps0-02075-00594558-00594870 fail if we see for instance when we have
+57LmDVeCps0-02076-00594871-00595205 uh I I myself as a Brazilian citizen
+57LmDVeCps0-02077-00595206-00595445 living in Brazil I see I've been
+57LmDVeCps0-02078-00595446-00595720 witnessing over the past years enormous
+57LmDVeCps0-02079-00595721-00596033 deforestation of the Amazon that is not
+57LmDVeCps0-02080-00596034-00596368 because people they uh that is not a
+57LmDVeCps0-02081-00596369-00596579 tragedy of the common is the tragedy of
+57LmDVeCps0-02082-00596580-00596861 oversight of P of individuals destroying
+57LmDVeCps0-02083-00596862-00597214 a common resource so it's I think be
+57LmDVeCps0-02084-00597215-00597568 very careful also of how this translates
+57LmDVeCps0-02085-00597569-00597827 into the the digital environment and my
+57LmDVeCps0-02086-00597828-00598151 point before speaking about the Takeover
+57LmDVeCps0-02087-00598152-00598409 by one individual of Twitter is I think
+57LmDVeCps0-02088-00598410-00598607 it goes in the same sense I mean if we
+57LmDVeCps0-02089-00598608-00599051 do not have any safeguards uh that may
+57LmDVeCps0-02090-00599052-00599345 avoid the Takeover of a single
+57LmDVeCps0-02091-00599346-00599603 individual or entity of something that
+57LmDVeCps0-02092-00599604-00600031 is very essential for the public good
+57LmDVeCps0-02093-00600032-00600281 then that is a problem the problem is
+57LmDVeCps0-02094-00600282-00600466 not that the common stands inevitably
+57LmDVeCps0-02095-00600467-00600772 maybe tragedy the problem is that the
+57LmDVeCps0-02096-00600773-00601043 lack of principles governance mechanism
+57LmDVeCps0-02097-00601044-00601337 rules and enforcement mechanism of those
+57LmDVeCps0-02098-00601338-00601661 rules that prevent this to happen is
+57LmDVeCps0-02099-00601662-00601864 precisely what leads to the tragedy
+57LmDVeCps0-02100-00601865-00602255 right now do we have any final comments
+57LmDVeCps0-02101-00602256-00602512 and remarks because we are we have uh 10
+57LmDVeCps0-02102-00602513-00602747 minutes left I'm seeing so it would be
+57LmDVeCps0-02103-00602748-00603118 good to have uh also some final comments
+57LmDVeCps0-02104-00603119-00603197 by
+57LmDVeCps0-02105-00603198-00603509 the other the other participants and
+57LmDVeCps0-02106-00603510-00603707 panelists and maybe if there is any more
+57LmDVeCps0-02107-00603708-00603916 from the audience from the participants
+57LmDVeCps0-02108-00603917-00604199 in Addis Ababa do we have unfortunately
+57LmDVeCps0-02109-00604200-00604414 we cannot see you through zoom in this
+57LmDVeCps0-02110-00604415-00604685 moment but if there is any comments or
+57LmDVeCps0-02111-00604686-00604931 questions from uh from the floor uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02112-00604932-00605777 please go ahead
+57LmDVeCps0-02113-00605778-00606011 we are not hearing anyone so we assume
+57LmDVeCps0-02114-00606012-00606745 there is no comments
+57LmDVeCps0-02115-00606746-00607181 just a question for uh the weekly rate
+57LmDVeCps0-02116-00607182-00607522 and all the common platform to sustain
+57LmDVeCps0-02117-00607523-00607903 it set itself uh how it can Finance
+57LmDVeCps0-02118-00607904-00608347 itself in order to be uh financially
+57LmDVeCps0-02119-00608348-00608572 sustainable and guarantees that
+57LmDVeCps0-02120-00608573-00608951 durability of this digital commands
+57LmDVeCps0-02121-00608952-00609245 thank you
+57LmDVeCps0-02122-00609246-00609412 yes thanks so much for that question
+57LmDVeCps0-02123-00609413-00609562 question
+57LmDVeCps0-02124-00609563-00609809 um yeah so we are a non-profit and we're
+57LmDVeCps0-02125-00609810-00609953 fully funded through grants and
+57LmDVeCps0-02126-00609954-00610139 donations
+57LmDVeCps0-02127-00610140-00610433 um so you can think of it similar to
+57LmDVeCps0-02128-00610434-00610679 Wikipedia for instance they have a lot
+57LmDVeCps0-02129-00610680-00610903 of individuals who are giving donations
+57LmDVeCps0-02130-00610904-00611201 we might have larger donors or corporate
+57LmDVeCps0-02131-00611202-00611483 donations or anything like that but most
+57LmDVeCps0-02132-00611484-00611657 of it is really coming from Foundations
+57LmDVeCps0-02133-00611658-00611843 at the moment
+57LmDVeCps0-02134-00611844-00612107 um there's uh often for these kinds of
+57LmDVeCps0-02135-00612108-00612329 infrastructure projects also it's Public
+57LmDVeCps0-02136-00612330-00612785 Funding it's a big uh kind of supporter
+57LmDVeCps0-02137-00612786-00612959 um but I think one of the more
+57LmDVeCps0-02138-00612960-00613205 interesting things for the larger scale
+57LmDVeCps0-02139-00613206-00613433 Commons models that we're talking about
+57LmDVeCps0-02140-00613434-00613655 right is one of the things that the
+57LmDVeCps0-02141-00613656-00613847 Wikimedia Foundation has done so they've
+57LmDVeCps0-02142-00613848-00614122 created a trust pretty much for
+57LmDVeCps0-02143-00614123-00614393 themselves to sustain their future right
+57LmDVeCps0-02144-00614394-00614729 so they had donations that went into a
+57LmDVeCps0-02145-00614730-00614879 bigger trust than they are investing
+57LmDVeCps0-02146-00614880-00615041 that and using that so that they can
+57LmDVeCps0-02147-00615042-00615316 sustain themselves so they are no longer
+57LmDVeCps0-02148-00615317-00615509 just dependent on all of the donations
+57LmDVeCps0-02149-00615510-00615797 and this kind of uh fluctuation of
+57LmDVeCps0-02150-00615798-00615905 support
+57LmDVeCps0-02151-00615906-00616151 um so they can manage that and secure
+57LmDVeCps0-02152-00616152-00616343 themselves in that way so there are also
+57LmDVeCps0-02153-00616344-00616612 models that can be
+57LmDVeCps0-02154-00616613-00616853 um yeah ensure Independence long term
+57LmDVeCps0-02155-00616854-00617110 for larger data Commons or other types
+57LmDVeCps0-02156-00617111-00617255 of economists
+57LmDVeCps0-02157-00617256-00617843 I hope that answers your question
+57LmDVeCps0-02158-00617844-00618095 do we have any final remarks from the
+57LmDVeCps0-02159-00618096-00620195 other panelists
+57LmDVeCps0-02160-00620196-00620447 I'm checking the the chat to see if we
+57LmDVeCps0-02161-00620448-00620705 have forgotten uh yes there is a point
+57LmDVeCps0-02162-00620706-00620975 about the interesting of transparency
+57LmDVeCps0-02163-00620976-00621316 and accountability indeed to successful
+57LmDVeCps0-02164-00621317-00621670 common management yes and then yeah I
+57LmDVeCps0-02165-00621671-00621937 see that's also this is
+57LmDVeCps0-02166-00621938-00622270 agreeing with the fact that there is
+57LmDVeCps0-02167-00622271-00622464 important lessons
+57LmDVeCps0-02168-00622465-00622793 about the tragedy of the commons or
+57LmDVeCps0-02169-00622794-00623033 indeed the tragedy of the lack of
+57LmDVeCps0-02170-00623034-00623314 Regulation and governance that can be
+57LmDVeCps0-02171-00623315-00623495 applied and must be applied to digital
+57LmDVeCps0-02172-00623496-00623735 Commons there are actually there is an
+57LmDVeCps0-02173-00623736-00623903 important point also that I would like
+57LmDVeCps0-02174-00623904-00624179 to include in the discussion that I
+57LmDVeCps0-02175-00624180-00624412 think was raised in the by the last
+57LmDVeCps0-02176-00624413-00624785 interventions which is that common uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02177-00624786-00624983 again does not mean it's not a synonym
+57LmDVeCps0-02178-00624984-00625218 of free for all
+57LmDVeCps0-02179-00625219-00625462 the sustainability of the commons
+57LmDVeCps0-02180-00625463-00625864 precisely also includes uh debating how
+57LmDVeCps0-02181-00625865-00626249 the commons can be financed and funded
+57LmDVeCps0-02182-00626250-00626459 last year we published a very
+57LmDVeCps0-02183-00626460-00626675 interesting booklet that was presented
+57LmDVeCps0-02184-00626676-00626999 the igf on the sustainable models
+57LmDVeCps0-02185-00627000-00627209 funding models for Community networks
+57LmDVeCps0-02186-00627210-00627479 and exploring how this actually has been
+57LmDVeCps0-02187-00627480-00627766 put into practice and how the various
+57LmDVeCps0-02188-00627767-00627916 funding models that these digital
+57LmDVeCps0-02189-00627917-00628314 chromos that Nicolas was very eloquently
+57LmDVeCps0-02190-00628315-00628660 mentioning are funded and Wikipedia
+57LmDVeCps0-02191-00628661-00628979 again is also a very uh recurrent
+57LmDVeCps0-02192-00628980-00629368 example of how this could also scale at
+57LmDVeCps0-02193-00629369-00629735 a global level again thanks to donations
+57LmDVeCps0-02194-00629736-00630341 thanks to to a variety of funding models
+57LmDVeCps0-02195-00630342-00630551 I mean for those of us like me for
+57LmDVeCps0-02196-00630552-00630881 instance that use Cigna of signal is a
+57LmDVeCps0-02197-00630882-00631075 very good example of an open source
+57LmDVeCps0-02198-00631076-00631603 common it's a it's a instant messaging
+57LmDVeCps0-02199-00631604-00631960 platform that I it most I mean millions
+57LmDVeCps0-02200-00631961-00632207 of people use on a daily basis both for
+57LmDVeCps0-02201-00632208-00632464 private and work interactions based on
+57LmDVeCps0-02202-00632465-00632710 donations that works exceedingly well so
+57LmDVeCps0-02203-00632711-00632927 it's it doesn't mean that a common is
+57LmDVeCps0-02204-00632928-00633595 not necessarily a small park or garden
+57LmDVeCps0-02205-00633596-00634018 managed by a dozen of neighbors that
+57LmDVeCps0-02206-00634019-00634327 clean it and uh in paint
+57LmDVeCps0-02207-00634328-00634703 the benches after once every two years
+57LmDVeCps0-02208-00634704-00635014 could be something digital could be
+57LmDVeCps0-02209-00635015-00635183 something that what are the
+57LmDVeCps0-02210-00635184-00635339 infrastructure and the hardware or
+57LmDVeCps0-02211-00635340-00635620 software level can play out and can be
+57LmDVeCps0-02212-00635621-00635843 something very successful and scalable
+57LmDVeCps0-02213-00635844-00636191 now I think the the the the the as the
+57LmDVeCps0-02214-00636192-00636503 the the speaker from the floor from the
+57LmDVeCps0-02215-00636504-00636670 University of Barcelona was mentioning
+57LmDVeCps0-02216-00636671-00636875 uh probably one of the the greatest
+57LmDVeCps0-02217-00636876-00637109 problem we have is the lack of knowledge
+57LmDVeCps0-02218-00637110-00637453 and the Very the remarkably few
+57LmDVeCps0-02219-00637454-00637793 literature that has been dedicated to
+57LmDVeCps0-02220-00637794-00638075 this and how this could be uh could play
+57LmDVeCps0-02221-00638076-00638285 out in practice again thanks to einer
+57LmDVeCps0-02222-00638286-00638566 orstrom mainly the fact that he won she
+57LmDVeCps0-02223-00638567-00638833 won a Nobel Prize with her
+57LmDVeCps0-02224-00638834-00639191 investigations of the commons we have we
+57LmDVeCps0-02225-00639192-00639401 know how relevant it is and how serious
+57LmDVeCps0-02226-00639402-00639760 the debate is but there is still a
+57LmDVeCps0-02227-00639761-00640049 remarkable lack of knowledge and
+57LmDVeCps0-02228-00640050-00640433 research and in the translation of this
+57LmDVeCps0-02229-00640434-00640649 knowledge and Research into policy
+57LmDVeCps0-02230-00640650-00640901 proposals that is probably the greatest
+57LmDVeCps0-02231-00640902-00641141 the greatest obstacles that we have and
+57LmDVeCps0-02232-00641142-00641543 I think one of the outcomes of this
+57LmDVeCps0-02233-00641544-00641770 discussion of today it is now tending to
+57LmDVeCps0-02234-00641771-00642010 towards an end is precisely that maybe
+57LmDVeCps0-02235-00642011-00642281 the the need for the community that has
+57LmDVeCps0-02236-00642282-00642437 been gathering over the past four years
+57LmDVeCps0-02237-00642438-00642718 is intern Commerce foreign Community to
+57LmDVeCps0-02238-00642719-00643043 try to provide some concrete suggestions
+57LmDVeCps0-02239-00643044-00643331 and maybe feed them to the digital the
+57LmDVeCps0-02240-00643332-00643522 global digital compact discussion that
+57LmDVeCps0-02241-00643523-00643666 El react was mentioned at the very
+57LmDVeCps0-02242-00643667-00644009 beginning so try to translate the
+57LmDVeCps0-02243-00644010-00644201 research the experiences that have been
+57LmDVeCps0-02244-00644202-00644459 described over the past four years here
+57LmDVeCps0-02245-00644460-00644770 and more of course into policy
+57LmDVeCps0-02246-00644771-00645059 suggestions that could be used Maybe
+57LmDVeCps0-02247-00645060-00645301 could and it can be potentially
+57LmDVeCps0-02248-00645302-00645635 become scalable and again as I was
+57LmDVeCps0-02249-00645636-00645791 mentioning before the UN I mean you
+57LmDVeCps0-02250-00645792-00646037 might we may criticize it but I'm not
+57LmDVeCps0-02251-00646038-00646366 sure sure there is any other viable uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02252-00646367-00646691 alternative that may allow us to to have
+57LmDVeCps0-02253-00646692-00646895 this kind of debate in a meaningful way
+57LmDVeCps0-02254-00646896-00647170 and again has their very recent planning
+57LmDVeCps0-02255-00647171-00647364 potentiary Conference of the itu
+57LmDVeCps0-02256-00647365-00647681 demonstrates it may take some years but
+57LmDVeCps0-02257-00647682-00647993 then some interesting and meaningful and
+57LmDVeCps0-02258-00647994-00648220 actionable result even in terms of
+57LmDVeCps0-02259-00648221-00648568 policy can happen so I would like to see
+57LmDVeCps0-02260-00648569-00648760 if there is any other final comments
+57LmDVeCps0-02261-00648761-00649007 otherwise I will give the floor in any
+57LmDVeCps0-02262-00649008-00649199 case I will give it from my to my good
+57LmDVeCps0-02263-00649200-00650009 friend Adam for his final wrap-up
+57LmDVeCps0-02264-00650010-00650159 okay
+57LmDVeCps0-02265-00650160-00650416 uh thank you Luca unless there are other
+57LmDVeCps0-02266-00650417-00650741 participants I don't see any hands up
+57LmDVeCps0-02267-00650742-00651010 um yes I'd like to make the observation
+57LmDVeCps0-02268-00651011-00651251 that uh the governments of the commons
+57LmDVeCps0-02269-00651252-00651485 of course doesn't stop with uh Eleanor
+57LmDVeCps0-02270-00651486-00651689 Ostrom it's going to be an ongoing
+57LmDVeCps0-02271-00651690-00652072 process and even uh as I said before uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02272-00652073-00652420 Eleanor did edit a book on uh Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-02273-00652421-00652655 applied to the digital realm but it's
+57LmDVeCps0-02274-00652656-00653003 really seen as a very early uh attempt
+57LmDVeCps0-02275-00653004-00653249 at
+57LmDVeCps0-02276-00653250-00653464 answering the the digital Commons
+57LmDVeCps0-02277-00653465-00653639 governance
+57LmDVeCps0-02278-00653640-00653927 in the same way as the physical
+57LmDVeCps0-02279-00653928-00654299 Commons and I think we have had um other
+57LmDVeCps0-02280-00654300-00654557 people who have influenced this not to
+57LmDVeCps0-02281-00654558-00654766 mention one of the most famous
+57LmDVeCps0-02282-00654767-00655043 um Aaron Schwartz has done a lot of uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02283-00655044-00655493 work and public uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02284-00655494-00655853 inspiration in terms of Digital Data
+57LmDVeCps0-02285-00655854-00656099 Commons over opening up to access of
+57LmDVeCps0-02286-00656100-00656477 information and there continues to be a
+57LmDVeCps0-02287-00656478-00656860 Vibrant Community Network or a network
+57LmDVeCps0-02288-00656861-00657214 of community networks globally that are
+57LmDVeCps0-02289-00657215-00657491 looking at such issues along the whole
+57LmDVeCps0-02290-00657492-00657816 stack of information from
+57LmDVeCps0-02291-00657817-00658270 services that Nico Nico meant to data
+57LmDVeCps0-02292-00658271-00658595 spaces that Laureen mentioned and of
+57LmDVeCps0-02293-00658596-00658864 course infrastructure that Nico also
+57LmDVeCps0-02294-00658865-00659189 mentioned all these issues in terms of
+57LmDVeCps0-02295-00659190-00659335 accessibility
+57LmDVeCps0-02296-00659336-00659689 has has become more and more difficult
+57LmDVeCps0-02297-00659690-00659975 Osama mentioned that that internet
+57LmDVeCps0-02298-00659976-00660125 access
+57LmDVeCps0-02299-00660126-00660409 has has been uh wonderfully successful
+57LmDVeCps0-02300-00660410-00660797 in terms of increasing some proportion
+57LmDVeCps0-02301-00660798-00661210 of human accessibility but of course
+57LmDVeCps0-02302-00661211-00661510 accessibility is not the only issue in
+57LmDVeCps0-02303-00661511-00661768 terms of just connectivity it's
+57LmDVeCps0-02304-00661769-00662062 accessibility in in a lot of uh other
+57LmDVeCps0-02305-00662063-00662399 other levels of this of this self-same
+57LmDVeCps0-02306-00662400-00662699 stack and it's grappling this uh
+57LmDVeCps0-02307-00662700-00662987 together with what I also still see is
+57LmDVeCps0-02308-00662988-00663491 is vital uh scope of size in how these
+57LmDVeCps0-02309-00663492-00663766 Commons governments can work and
+57LmDVeCps0-02310-00663767-00664072 effectively just again repeating that
+57LmDVeCps0-02311-00664073-00664307 you know the UN might be seen as a slow
+57LmDVeCps0-02312-00664308-00664607 body but then perhaps it has to be in
+57LmDVeCps0-02313-00664608-00664943 terms of being able to listen to
+57LmDVeCps0-02314-00664944-00665249 to comments and demands it given on it
+57LmDVeCps0-02315-00665250-00665483 given its Global scope
+57LmDVeCps0-02316-00665484-00665849 again small Regional or sectorial groups
+57LmDVeCps0-02317-00665850-00666257 might be able to have a voice within new
+57LmDVeCps0-02318-00666258-00666539 structures that we form I believe in
+57LmDVeCps0-02319-00666540-00666905 part voiced by people at the edges such
+57LmDVeCps0-02320-00666906-00667307 as Community networks and specific
+57LmDVeCps0-02321-00667308-00667609 sectoral groups that are interested in
+57LmDVeCps0-02322-00667610-00668164 in the the the sharing of data uh the
+57LmDVeCps0-02323-00668165-00668525 sharing of Commons across the full stack
+57LmDVeCps0-02324-00668526-00668699 yeah
+57LmDVeCps0-02325-00668700-00668999 final words to look at
+57LmDVeCps0-02326-00669000-00669322 thank you very much Adam thank you very
+57LmDVeCps0-02327-00669323-00669629 much to all the friends uh all and new
+57LmDVeCps0-02328-00669630-00669929 friends that joined us for this internet
+57LmDVeCps0-02329-00669930-00670355 Commons Forum 2022 it has been a real
+57LmDVeCps0-02330-00670356-00670518 pleasure to
+57LmDVeCps0-02331-00670519-00670877 discuss with you and of course as usual
+57LmDVeCps0-02332-00670878-00671212 you will find the recordings of the
+57LmDVeCps0-02333-00671213-00671707 session on
+57LmDVeCps0-02334-00671708-00671987 www.int.comforum.org our website and
+57LmDVeCps0-02335-00671988-00672425 let's keep in touch to try to convey the
+57LmDVeCps0-02336-00672426-00672749 outcomes of today's discussion and of
+57LmDVeCps0-02337-00672750-00672959 the past years of discussion digital
+57LmDVeCps0-02338-00672960-00673235 Commons at the U.N level so that this
+57LmDVeCps0-02339-00673236-00673439 can really have a meaningful impact
+57LmDVeCps0-02340-00673440-00673631 thank you very much and have an accent
+57LmDVeCps0-02341-00673632-00673952 igf touch up
+58YkhHkcNro-00000-00000000-00000188 hi this is Pastor Rick Living Hope
+58YkhHkcNro-00001-00000189-00000553 Baptist Church in hemet the reason I'm
+58YkhHkcNro-00002-00000554-00000914 speaking to you is because I've been
+58YkhHkcNro-00003-00000915-00001183 praying all week about rededicating my
+58YkhHkcNro-00004-00001184-00001556 life to Jesus Christ and I've written a
+58YkhHkcNro-00005-00001557-00001923 note to Jesus Christ and folded it and
+58YkhHkcNro-00006-00001925-00002258 what he did for me is to take my sin
+58YkhHkcNro-00007-00002259-00002531 upon himself and he was nailed to the
+58YkhHkcNro-00008-00002532-00003067 cross I want to nail my sin in
+58YkhHkcNro-00009-00003068-00003379 represented by this card and my note to
+58YkhHkcNro-00010-00003380-00004190 Jesus back on the cross Jesus Christ did
+58YkhHkcNro-00011-00004191-00004433 this for me now i'm going to offer an
+58YkhHkcNro-00012-00004434-00004702 opportunity for you if you are willing
+58YkhHkcNro-00013-00004703-00005011 to pray this week and rededicate
+58YkhHkcNro-00014-00005012-00005338 yourself to Jesus Christ then next
+58YkhHkcNro-00015-00005339-00005527 Sunday will have an opportunity where
+58YkhHkcNro-00016-00005528-00005834 you can put your own note to Jesus on it
+58YkhHkcNro-00017-00005835-00006140 come up here to the cross and nail nail
+58YkhHkcNro-00018-00006141-00006388 at your sin on this cross and rededicate
+58YkhHkcNro-00019-00006389-00006623 your life or even for the first time
+58YkhHkcNro-00020-00006623-00006831 dedicate your life to Jesus Christ
+58YkhHkcNro-00021-00006833-00007103 encourage you to do it and he will be
+58YkhHkcNro-00022-00007104-00008302 pleased god bless you
+58YkhHkcNro-00023-00008303-00008509 you
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00000-00000052-00000290 clouded leopard National Park is a
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00001-00000291-00000474 national park in the CIPA hijole a
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00002-00000475-00000786 wildlife sanctuary Tripura India it
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00003-00000787-00001079 covers an area of about 5.08 square
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00004-00001080-00001867 kilometers 1.96 square miles
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00005-00001868-00002358 topic notes
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00006-00002359-00002726 you
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00007-00002727-00003281 topic external links
+5tbYGxjZMIo-00008-00003282-00003572 tripura
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00000-00000330-00000505 foreign
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00001-00000505-00003203 [Music]
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00002-00003204-00003550 foreign
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00004-00008136-00008356 here
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00005-00008357-00011153 [Music]
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00006-00011154-00011435 sorry
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00007-00011436-00011602 foreign
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00008-00011603-00014552 [Music]
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00009-00014553-00016153 [Music]
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00010-00016154-00017117 [Music]
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00011-00017118-00017567 foreign
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00012-00017568-00019215 [Music]
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00013-00019216-00020903 [Music]
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00014-00020904-00021259 thank you
+5vJtVeXqo5u-00015-00021260-00021653 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00000-00000017-00000095 nothing
+5vKlOfnoheM-00001-00000096-00001308 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00002-00001309-00001841 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00003-00001842-00003251 okay
+5vKlOfnoheM-00004-00003252-00004409 foreign
+5vKlOfnoheM-00005-00004410-00006889 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00006-00006890-00007403 oh no
+5vKlOfnoheM-00008-00010625-00011011 wow
+5vKlOfnoheM-00009-00011012-00011831 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00010-00011832-00012401 [Applause]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00011-00012402-00013835 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00012-00013836-00014565 foreign
+5vKlOfnoheM-00013-00014566-00015144 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00014-00015146-00016392 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00015-00016393-00017299 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00016-00017300-00017675 [Applause]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00017-00017676-00018034 foreign
+5vKlOfnoheM-00018-00018035-00019145 [Applause]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00019-00019146-00020608 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00020-00020609-00021016 sometimes
+5vKlOfnoheM-00022-00024023-00026545 foreign
+5vKlOfnoheM-00023-00026545-00026873 [Music]
+5vKlOfnoheM-00024-00026874-00027174 foreign
+5vU89EXhXSc-00000-00000104-00000375 so this game even allowed you to pick
+5vU89EXhXSc-00001-00000376-00000623 demon slayers that hardly ever fought
+5vU89EXhXSc-00002-00000624-00000751 against each other in
+5vU89EXhXSc-00003-00000752-00000966 in the anime picking who is going to
+5vU89EXhXSc-00004-00000967-00001207 fight against another should be fun
+5vU89EXhXSc-00005-00001208-00001487 yes indeed for this match we've chosen
+5vU89EXhXSc-00006-00001488-00001782 the main characters and also the hashtag
+5vU89EXhXSc-00007-00001784-00001982 there are several gauges visible on the
+5vU89EXhXSc-00008-00001984-00002102 screen the one
+5vU89EXhXSc-00009-00002103-00002383 next to each character is the house bar
+5vU89EXhXSc-00010-00002384-00002591 and one below is the skill bar
+5vU89EXhXSc-00011-00002592-00002750 you will be able to unleash very
+5vU89EXhXSc-00012-00002751-00003367 powerful skills as that bar fills up
+5vU89EXhXSc-00013-00003368-00003686 so here we can see a really incredible
+5vU89EXhXSc-00014-00003688-00003935 combo from yu
+5vU89EXhXSc-00015-00003936-00004111 several skills exist this game where
+5vU89EXhXSc-00016-00004112-00004279 some of that can be activated by
+5vU89EXhXSc-00017-00004280-00004422 pressing a single button
+5vU89EXhXSc-00018-00004423-00004654 so even the most novice players can
+5vU89EXhXSc-00019-00004655-00004999 enjoy those battles
+5vU89EXhXSc-00020-00005000-00005199 now we can see that the ultimate arc
+5vU89EXhXSc-00021-00005200-00005375 gauge seen at the bottom of the screen
+5vU89EXhXSc-00022-00005376-00005486 because full
+5vU89EXhXSc-00023-00005487-00005654 you will be able to use a character's
+5vU89EXhXSc-00024-00005655-00005847 most powerful attack
+5vU89EXhXSc-00025-00005848-00006015 of course you can hold off until later
+5vU89EXhXSc-00026-00006016-00006159 before using it
+5vU89EXhXSc-00027-00006160-00006598 but now let's see you use
+5vU89EXhXSc-00028-00006600-00007358 okay okay here we go
+5vU89EXhXSc-00029-00007359-00008119 [Music]
+5vU89EXhXSc-00030-00008120-00008359 that's enough here's the incredible
+5vU89EXhXSc-00031-00008360-00008614 ending from eu's water breathing
+5vU89EXhXSc-00032-00008615-00009167 ultimate that was not round two
+5vU89EXhXSc-00033-00009168-00009463 here it goes the round two you can see
+5vU89EXhXSc-00034-00009464-00009759 that we're swapping from yu to shinobu
+5vU89EXhXSc-00035-00009760-00010006 and sweeping out with a partner is also
+5vU89EXhXSc-00036-00010007-00010287 available in this two versus two battles
+5vU89EXhXSc-00037-00010288-00010559 remember in order to swap out with your
+5vU89EXhXSc-00038-00010560-00010623 partner
+5vU89EXhXSc-00039-00010624-00010871 you will be consuming some of your
+5vU89EXhXSc-00040-00010872-00011119 support gauge
+5vU89EXhXSc-00041-00011120-00011455 let's try that again leave it to me
+5vU89EXhXSc-00042-00011456-00011719 so this is called a support skill it's a
+5vU89EXhXSc-00043-00011720-00011878 two versus two battle so you can swap
+5vU89EXhXSc-00044-00011879-00012087 out with a partner or call them for help
+5vU89EXhXSc-00045-00012088-00012270 support skill will span your other
+5vU89EXhXSc-00046-00012271-00012423 characters slander gauge
+5vU89EXhXSc-00047-00012424-00012974 seeing towards the bottom
+5vU89EXhXSc-00048-00012975-00013135 seems quite difficult to switch
+5vU89EXhXSc-00049-00013136-00013327 different players during the game
+5vU89EXhXSc-00050-00013328-00013558 well as for veterans for fighting games
+5vU89EXhXSc-00051-00013559-00013783 can build strategies based on various
+5vU89EXhXSc-00052-00013784-00014015 attack combos and fighting styles
+5vU89EXhXSc-00053-00014016-00014358 but for as i said for the novice players
+5vU89EXhXSc-00054-00014359-00014422 they can
+5vU89EXhXSc-00055-00014423-00014991 also enjoy this game
+5vU89EXhXSc-00056-00014991-00015199 so as you can see the more you hone your
+5vU89EXhXSc-00057-00015200-00015375 skills the better the tags you dish out
+5vU89EXhXSc-00058-00015376-00015894 will look
+5vU89EXhXSc-00059-00015895-00016215 you're mine oh so now we've been taking
+5vU89EXhXSc-00060-00016216-00016455 some damage from tangible so now we can
+5vU89EXhXSc-00061-00016456-00016883 see shinobu's ultimate gauge has filled
+5vU89EXhXSc-00062-00016884-00017022 up
+5vU89EXhXSc-00063-00017023-00017463 here comes the insect breathing
+5vU89EXhXSc-00064-00017464-00017879 the brace that's enough oh that's a
+5vU89EXhXSc-00065-00017880-00018022 finish up
+5vU89EXhXSc-00066-00018023-00018399 that's so gorgeous and this come to
+5vU89EXhXSc-00067-00018400-00018622 round three and it's the last round of
+5vU89EXhXSc-00068-00018623-00018727 this fight
+5vU89EXhXSc-00069-00018728-00018943 let's watch carefully the gorgeous
+5vU89EXhXSc-00070-00018944-00020686 fighting scene
+5vU89EXhXSc-00071-00020687-00021534 i'm coming after you
+5vU89EXhXSc-00072-00021535-00022239 [Music]
+5vU89EXhXSc-00073-00022240-00022758 you're mine
+5vU89EXhXSc-00074-00022759-00024638 hold it
+5vU89EXhXSc-00075-00024639-00025283 [Music]
+5vU89EXhXSc-00076-00025284-00025655 um
+5vU89EXhXSc-00077-00025656-00026400 stand up that's enough we have a winner
+5y_1qUmwopk-00000-00000053-00000361 braum acharya Devanagari brahmacarya as
+5y_1qUmwopk-00001-00000362-00000574 a concept within Indian religions that
+5y_1qUmwopk-00002-00000575-00000826 literally means conduct consistent with
+5y_1qUmwopk-00003-00000827-00000974 Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00004-00000975-00001295 in one context Ramachari is the first of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00005-00001296-00001556 four Ashrama age based stages of a human
+5y_1qUmwopk-00006-00001557-00001748 life with grihastha householder
+5y_1qUmwopk-00007-00001748-00002017 vanaprastha forest dweller and sannyasa
+5y_1qUmwopk-00008-00002018-00002213 renunciation being the other three
+5y_1qUmwopk-00009-00002214-00002498 ashram is the brahmacari a bachelor
+5y_1qUmwopk-00010-00002499-00002726 student stage of life from childhood up
+5y_1qUmwopk-00011-00002727-00002957 to 25 years of age was focused on
+5y_1qUmwopk-00012-00002958-00003155 education and included the practice of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00013-00003156-00003434 celibacy in this context it connotes
+5y_1qUmwopk-00014-00003435-00003622 chastity during the student stage of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00015-00003623-00003815 life for the purposes of learning from a
+5y_1qUmwopk-00016-00003815-00004040 guru teacher and during later stages of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00017-00004040-00004222 life for the purposes of attaining
+5y_1qUmwopk-00018-00004223-00004490 spiritual liberation sanskrit moksha in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00019-00004491-00004709 another context brahma chharia as the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00020-00004710-00004913 virtue of celibacy when unmarried in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00021-00004914-00005177 fidelity when married it represents a
+5y_1qUmwopk-00022-00005178-00005395 virtuous lifestyle that also includes
+5y_1qUmwopk-00023-00005396-00005588 simple living meditation and other
+5y_1qUmwopk-00024-00005589-00005840 behaviors in the Hindu Jain and Buddhist
+5y_1qUmwopk-00025-00005841-00006074 monastic traditions brahmacarya implies
+5y_1qUmwopk-00026-00006075-00006247 among other things the mandatory
+5y_1qUmwopk-00027-00006248-00006542 renunciation of sex and marriage it is
+5y_1qUmwopk-00028-00006543-00006779 considered necessary for among spiritual
+5y_1qUmwopk-00029-00006780-00006988 practice Western notions of the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00030-00006989-00007184 religious life has practiced in monastic
+5y_1qUmwopk-00031-00007184-00007691 settings mirror these characteristics
+5y_1qUmwopk-00032-00007692-00008218 topic etymology
+5y_1qUmwopk-00033-00008219-00008464 the word Ramachari a' stems from two
+5y_1qUmwopk-00034-00008465-00008773 sanskrit roots brahmin is what god is
+5y_1qUmwopk-00035-00008774-00008947 called in the vedas the main hindu
+5y_1qUmwopk-00036-00008948-00009288 scriptures chharia Karia which means
+5y_1qUmwopk-00037-00009289-00009559 occupation with engaging proceeding
+5y_1qUmwopk-00038-00009560-00009915 behavior conduct to follow going after
+5y_1qUmwopk-00039-00009916-00010204 this is often translated as activity
+5y_1qUmwopk-00040-00010205-00010438 conduct or mode of behavior in ancient
+5y_1qUmwopk-00041-00010439-00010681 and medieval era Indian texts the term
+5y_1qUmwopk-00042-00010682-00010882 Brahma chharia is a concept with a more
+5y_1qUmwopk-00043-00010883-00011083 complex meaning indicating an overall
+5y_1qUmwopk-00044-00011084-00011278 lifestyle conducive to the pursuit of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00045-00011279-00011434 sacred knowledge and spiritual
+5y_1qUmwopk-00046-00011435-00011728 liberation Brahma chharia as a means not
+5y_1qUmwopk-00047-00011729-00011968 an end it usually includes cleanliness
+5y_1qUmwopk-00048-00011969-00012301 ahimsa simple living studies meditation
+5y_1qUmwopk-00049-00012302-00012499 and voluntary restraints on certain
+5y_1qUmwopk-00050-00012500-00012703 foods intoxicants and behaviors
+5y_1qUmwopk-00051-00012704-00013238 including sexual behavior
+5y_1qUmwopk-00052-00013238-00013705 pick as a virtue
+5y_1qUmwopk-00053-00013706-00013972 Ramachari is traditionally regarded as
+5y_1qUmwopk-00054-00013973-00014155 one of the five Yama's in yoga as
+5y_1qUmwopk-00055-00014156-00014491 declared in verse 2.30 of Patanjali Yoga
+5y_1qUmwopk-00056-00014493-00014747 Sutras it is a form of self-restraint
+5y_1qUmwopk-00057-00014747-00014986 regarded as a virtue and an observance
+5y_1qUmwopk-00058-00014987-00015178 recommended depending on an individual's
+5y_1qUmwopk-00059-00015179-00015469 context for a married practitioner it
+5y_1qUmwopk-00060-00015470-00015668 means marital fidelity not cheating on
+5y_1qUmwopk-00061-00015669-00015880 one spouse for a single person it means
+5y_1qUmwopk-00062-00015881-00016091 celibacy Sandhya
+5y_1qUmwopk-00063-00016091-00016333 Upanishad includes brahma chharia as one
+5y_1qUmwopk-00064-00016334-00016574 of 10 Yama's in chapter one defining it
+5y_1qUmwopk-00065-00016575-00016868 as refraining from sexual intercourse in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00066-00016869-00017090 all places and in all states in mind
+5y_1qUmwopk-00067-00017091-00017278 speech or body
+5y_1qUmwopk-00068-00017279-00017513 Patanjali in verse two point three eight
+5y_1qUmwopk-00069-00017514-00017722 states that the virtue of Brahma tauriel
+5y_1qUmwopk-00070-00017723-00017966 leads to the profit of Rhea this
+5y_1qUmwopk-00071-00017967-00018194 Sanskrit word Maria has been variously
+5y_1qUmwopk-00072-00018195-00018446 translated as virility and by Vyasa as
+5y_1qUmwopk-00073-00018447-00018752 strength and capacity Vyasa explains
+5y_1qUmwopk-00074-00018753-00018928 that this virtue promotes other good
+5y_1qUmwopk-00075-00018929-00019183 qualities other ancient and medieval era
+5y_1qUmwopk-00076-00019184-00019394 texts of Hinduism described the fruits
+5y_1qUmwopk-00077-00019395-00019622 of this virtue differently for example
+5y_1qUmwopk-00078-00019623-00019958 pata Chandrika Raja martanda Siddhartha
+5y_1qUmwopk-00079-00019959-00020144 Bodhi knee mani Prabha and yoga
+5y_1qUmwopk-00080-00020145-00020353 sudhakara each state that Brahma chharia
+5y_1qUmwopk-00081-00020354-00020528 must be understood as the voluntary
+5y_1qUmwopk-00082-00020529-00020803 restraint of power chandogya upanishad
+5y_1qUmwopk-00083-00020804-00021058 in verses of chapter eight point five x
+5y_1qUmwopk-00084-00021059-00021280 tolls brahma chharia as a sacrament and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00085-00021281-00021521 sacrifice which once perfected leads to
+5y_1qUmwopk-00086-00021522-00021743 realization of the soul or self Atman
+5y_1qUmwopk-00087-00021744-00021914 and thereafter becomes the habit of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00088-00021915-00022094 experiencing the soul and others in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00089-00022095-00022403 everything tattva Verratti and yoga Sara
+5y_1qUmwopk-00090-00022404-00022606 sang graha assert that Brahma chharia
+5y_1qUmwopk-00091-00022607-00022844 leads to an increase in jana Shakti
+5y_1qUmwopk-00092-00022845-00023018 power of knowledge and Kriya Shakti
+5y_1qUmwopk-00093-00023019-00023212 power of action the great epic
+5y_1qUmwopk-00094-00023213-00023417 Mahabharata describes the objective of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00095-00023418-00023612 Brahma chharia as knowledge of Brahman
+5y_1qUmwopk-00096-00023613-00023872 book five yoga parva the book of effort
+5y_1qUmwopk-00097-00023873-00024146 Brahma chharia leads one to union with
+5y_1qUmwopk-00098-00024147-00024503 the supreme soul or self chapter 43 by
+5y_1qUmwopk-00099-00024504-00024692 subduing desire the practice of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00100-00024693-00024875 self-restraint enables the student to
+5y_1qUmwopk-00101-00024876-00025075 learn pay attention in thought word and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00102-00025076-00025280 deed to the Guru teacher and discover
+5y_1qUmwopk-00103-00025281-00025450 the truth embodied in the vedas and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00104-00025451-00025733 upanishads according to the epic the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00105-00025733-00025868 practice of studying and learning
+5y_1qUmwopk-00106-00025869-00026177 requires the aid of time as well as
+5y_1qUmwopk-00107-00026177-00026420 personal effort ability discussion and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00108-00026420-00026602 practice all of which are helped by the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00109-00026603-00026750 virtue of Brahma chharia
+5y_1qUmwopk-00110-00026751-00027023 a brahmacari should do useful work and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00111-00027024-00027052 the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00112-00027054-00027236 he obtains should be given away as
+5y_1qUmwopk-00113-00027237-00027641 Dakshina fee gift of thanks to the Guru
+5y_1qUmwopk-00114-00027642-00027895 the epic declares that Brahma chharia is
+5y_1qUmwopk-00115-00027897-00028118 one of twelve virtues an essential part
+5y_1qUmwopk-00116-00028119-00028292 of angers in yoga in the path of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00117-00028293-00028481 perfecting perseverance and the pursuit
+5y_1qUmwopk-00118-00028482-00028839 of knowledge
+5y_1qUmwopk-00119-00028840-00029358 topic in Jainism
+5y_1qUmwopk-00120-00029359-00029595 braum acharya is one of the five major
+5y_1qUmwopk-00121-00029596-00029838 vows prescribed for the sri Baca layman
+5y_1qUmwopk-00122-00029839-00030117 and ascetics in Jainism for those Jane's
+5y_1qUmwopk-00123-00030118-00030351 who adopt the path of monks celibacy in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00124-00030352-00030405 action
+5y_1qUmwopk-00125-00030406-00030663 words and thoughts is expected for late
+5y_1qUmwopk-00126-00030664-00030823 Jane's who are married the virtue of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00127-00030824-00031011 Brahma chharia requires remaining
+5y_1qUmwopk-00128-00031012-00031198 sexually faithful to one's chosen
+5y_1qUmwopk-00129-00031199-00031461 partner for lege pnes who are unmarried
+5y_1qUmwopk-00130-00031462-00031689 chaste living requires Jane's to avoid
+5y_1qUmwopk-00131-00031690-00031957 sex before marriage who Tom Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00132-00031958-00032196 chharia supreme celibacy is one of the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00133-00032197-00032408 ten excellencies of a digambara monk
+5y_1qUmwopk-00134-00032409-00032667 Brahma chharia is mentioned as one of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00135-00032668-00032877 the DOS Dharma ten virtues in ancient
+5y_1qUmwopk-00136-00032878-00033129 Jain texts like tad vaartha Sutra SAR
+5y_1qUmwopk-00137-00033130-00033707 vaartha city and puris Arthur Sidhu paya
+5y_1qUmwopk-00138-00033708-00034227 pick amongst romantic traditions
+5y_1qUmwopk-00139-00034228-00034422 among the shhhhh romantic traditions
+5y_1qUmwopk-00140-00034423-00034557 buddhism jainism
+5y_1qUmwopk-00141-00034558-00034734 a he Vika and carvaka schools
+5y_1qUmwopk-00142-00034735-00034947 brahmacarya as the term used for a
+5y_1qUmwopk-00143-00034948-00035136 self-imposed practice of celibacy
+5y_1qUmwopk-00144-00035137-00035340 generally considered a prerequisite for
+5y_1qUmwopk-00145-00035341-00035598 spiritual practice the fourth of the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00146-00035599-00035793 five great vows of jain monks for
+5y_1qUmwopk-00147-00035794-00035985 example is the vow of celibacy
+5y_1qUmwopk-00148-00035986-00036147 which in this case means a total
+5y_1qUmwopk-00149-00036148-00036342 abstinence from the sensual pleasure of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00150-00036343-00036549 all five senses including the avoidance
+5y_1qUmwopk-00151-00036550-00036843 of sexual thoughts and desires the yogin
+5y_1qUmwopk-00152-00036844-00037020 who is firmly grounded in the virtue of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00153-00037021-00037209 brahma chharia is said to gain great
+5y_1qUmwopk-00154-00037210-00037630 vitality
+5y_1qUmwopk-00155-00037631-00038204 topic as Ostrom a stage of life
+5y_1qUmwopk-00156-00038205-00038448 historically brahmacarya referred to a
+5y_1qUmwopk-00157-00038449-00038679 stage of life as rama within the vedic
+5y_1qUmwopk-00158-00038680-00038775 ashram system
+5y_1qUmwopk-00159-00038776-00039048 ancient Hindu culture divided the human
+5y_1qUmwopk-00160-00039049-00039279 lifespan into four stages brahmacari
+5y_1qUmwopk-00161-00039280-00039563 grhastha vanaprastha and sannyasa
+5y_1qUmwopk-00162-00039564-00039873 Brahimi chharia Osama occupied the first
+5y_1qUmwopk-00163-00039874-00040062 twenty to twenty-five years of life
+5y_1qUmwopk-00164-00040063-00040274 roughly corresponding to adolescence
+5y_1qUmwopk-00165-00040275-00040542 upon the child's upand Yanam the young
+5y_1qUmwopk-00166-00040543-00040740 person would begin a life of study in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00167-00040741-00040941 the gurukula the household of the Guru
+5y_1qUmwopk-00168-00040942-00041145 dedicated to learning all aspects of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00169-00041146-00041346 Dharma that is the principles of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00170-00041347-00041595 righteous living Dharma comprised
+5y_1qUmwopk-00171-00041596-00041793 personal responsibilities towards
+5y_1qUmwopk-00172-00041794-00042096 himself family society humanity and God
+5y_1qUmwopk-00173-00042097-00042306 which included the environment earth and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00174-00042307-00042609 nature this educational period started
+5y_1qUmwopk-00175-00042610-00042753 when the child was five to eight years
+5y_1qUmwopk-00176-00042754-00043002 old and lasted until the age of fourteen
+5y_1qUmwopk-00177-00043003-00043257 to twenty years during this stage of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00178-00043258-00043488 life the traditional Vedic sciences and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00179-00043489-00043680 various sastras were studied along with
+5y_1qUmwopk-00180-00043681-00043866 the religious texts contained within the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00181-00043867-00044142 Vedas and Upanishads this stage of life
+5y_1qUmwopk-00182-00044143-00044346 was characterized by the practice of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00183-00044347-00044712 celibacy Narada / vraja copani Shaad
+5y_1qUmwopk-00184-00044713-00044928 suggests that brahma chharia student
+5y_1qUmwopk-00185-00044929-00045126 stage of life should extend from the age
+5y_1qUmwopk-00186-00045127-00045315 a child is ready to receive teachings
+5y_1qUmwopk-00187-00045316-00045537 from a guru and continue for a period of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00188-00045538-00045747 12 years the graduation from Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00189-00045748-00045945 chharia stage of life was marked by the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00190-00045946-00046236 samovar tanam ceremony the Graduate was
+5y_1qUmwopk-00191-00046237-00046428 then ready to either start grill hasta
+5y_1qUmwopk-00192-00046429-00046653 householder stage of life or wait or
+5y_1qUmwopk-00193-00046654-00046884 pursue a life of sannyasa and solitude
+5y_1qUmwopk-00194-00046885-00047210 like Rishi's in forest Vyasa in Chapter
+5y_1qUmwopk-00195-00047211-00047505 234 of Chandi parva in the Mahabharata
+5y_1qUmwopk-00196-00047506-00047718 praises Brahma chharia as an important
+5y_1qUmwopk-00197-00047719-00047895 stage of life necessary for learning
+5y_1qUmwopk-00198-00047896-00048126 then adds grihastha stage as the root of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00199-00048127-00048336 society and important to an individual
+5y_1qUmwopk-00200-00048337-00048717 success Brahma chharia for girls the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00201-00048718-00048948 Vedas and Upanishads do not restrict the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00202-00048949-00049151 student stage of life to males
+5y_1qUmwopk-00203-00049152-00049284 atharvaveda
+5y_1qUmwopk-00204-00049285-00049623 for example states Brahma Karianna Kenya
+5y_1qUmwopk-00205-00049624-00049842 you've annamund ate Padme youthful Kenya
+5y_1qUmwopk-00206-00049843-00050046 Kenya girl who graduates from Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00207-00050047-00050367 chharia obtains a suitable husband no
+5y_1qUmwopk-00208-00050368-00050571 age restrictions ganda states that there
+5y_1qUmwopk-00209-00050572-00050742 were no age restrictions for the start
+5y_1qUmwopk-00210-00050743-00051015 of Brahma chharia in ancient India not
+5y_1qUmwopk-00211-00051016-00051254 only young men but older people resorted
+5y_1qUmwopk-00212-00051255-00051429 to student stage of life and sought
+5y_1qUmwopk-00213-00051429-00051594 teachers who were authoritative in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00214-00051595-00051870 certain subjects the chandogya upanishad
+5y_1qUmwopk-00215-00051871-00052149 in section five point one one describes
+5y_1qUmwopk-00216-00052150-00052371 wealthy and learned householders
+5y_1qUmwopk-00217-00052372-00052563 becoming brahmacharis
+5y_1qUmwopk-00218-00052564-00052770 students with rashik ikea to gain
+5y_1qUmwopk-00219-00052771-00052979 knowledge about Atman soul in herself
+5y_1qUmwopk-00220-00052980-00053466 and Brahman ultimate reality
+5y_1qUmwopk-00221-00053466-00053721 topic historical references to
+5y_1qUmwopk-00222-00053722-00054129 brahmacarya
+5y_1qUmwopk-00223-00054130-00054385 the vedas discussed brahma chharia both
+5y_1qUmwopk-00224-00054386-00054601 in the context of lifestyle and stage of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00225-00054602-00054928 one's life Rig Veda for example in book
+5y_1qUmwopk-00226-00054929-00055228 10 chapter 136 mentions knowledge
+5y_1qUmwopk-00227-00055229-00055438 seekers as those with kessen long-haired
+5y_1qUmwopk-00228-00055439-00055600 and soil colored clothes
+5y_1qUmwopk-00229-00055601-00055837 yellow orange saffron engaged in the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00230-00055838-00056140 affairs of mañana mind meditation Rig
+5y_1qUmwopk-00231-00056141-00056359 Veda however refers to these people as
+5y_1qUmwopk-00232-00056360-00056682 Muni and Adi the atharvaveda completed
+5y_1qUmwopk-00233-00056683-00056848 by about 1000 BC
+5y_1qUmwopk-00234-00056849-00057064 has more explicit discussion of Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00235-00057065-00057366 chharia in book eleven chapter five this
+5y_1qUmwopk-00236-00057367-00057514 chapter of atharvaveda
+5y_1qUmwopk-00237-00057515-00057712 describes Brahma chharia as that which
+5y_1qUmwopk-00238-00057713-00057930 leads to one second birth mind self
+5y_1qUmwopk-00239-00057932-00058123 awareness with him eleven point five
+5y_1qUmwopk-00240-00058124-00058324 point three painting a symbolic picture
+5y_1qUmwopk-00241-00058325-00058482 that when a teacher accepts a
+5y_1qUmwopk-00242-00058483-00058660 Brahmachari the student becomes his
+5y_1qUmwopk-00243-00058661-00058866 embryo the concept and practice of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00244-00058867-00059082 brahmacarya is extensively found among
+5y_1qUmwopk-00245-00059083-00059287 the older strata of the muki Upanishads
+5y_1qUmwopk-00246-00059288-00059611 in Hinduism the eighth century BC text
+5y_1qUmwopk-00247-00059612-00059845 chandogya upanishad describes in book
+5y_1qUmwopk-00248-00059846-00060061 eight activities and lifestyle that is
+5y_1qUmwopk-00249-00060062-00060334 brahma chharia now what people call
+5y_1qUmwopk-00250-00060335-00060607 yajna sacrifice is really brahma chharia
+5y_1qUmwopk-00251-00060608-00060820 for only by means of brahma chharia does
+5y_1qUmwopk-00252-00060821-00061005 the knower attain that world of brahman
+5y_1qUmwopk-00253-00061007-00061266 and what people call Ishta worship is
+5y_1qUmwopk-00254-00061267-00061426 really brahma chharia for only
+5y_1qUmwopk-00255-00061427-00061641 worshiping by means of brahmacarya does
+5y_1qUmwopk-00256-00061642-00061839 one attain the Atman the liberate itself
+5y_1qUmwopk-00257-00061840-00062116 now what people call this a triana
+5y_1qUmwopk-00258-00062116-00062338 sacrificial session is really Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00259-00062339-00062536 chharia for only by means of Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00260-00062537-00062730 chharia does one obtain one salvation
+5y_1qUmwopk-00261-00062732-00062977 from Sat being and what people called
+5y_1qUmwopk-00262-00062978-00063192 amana vow of silence is really Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00263-00063194-00063388 chharia for only through Brahma chharia
+5y_1qUmwopk-00264-00063389-00063565 does one understand the Atman and then
+5y_1qUmwopk-00265-00063566-00063867 meditate now what people call a anis a
+5y_1qUmwopk-00266-00063869-00064087 cuyana vow a fasting is really Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00267-00064088-00064297 chharia for this Atman never perishes
+5y_1qUmwopk-00268-00064298-00064467 which one attains by means of Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00269-00064469-00064741 chharia and what people call the Iranian
+5y_1qUmwopk-00270-00064741-00064936 Yana life of a hermit is really Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00271-00064937-00065142 chharia for the world of Brahman belongs
+5y_1qUmwopk-00272-00065144-00065335 to those who by means of Brahma chharia
+5y_1qUmwopk-00273-00065336-00065563 attained the seas era and nya in the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00274-00065564-00065764 world of Brahman for them there is
+5y_1qUmwopk-00275-00065765-00066057 freedom in all the worlds a him in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00276-00066058-00066265 another early Upanishad the Mundaka
+5y_1qUmwopk-00277-00066266-00066547 Upanishad in book 3 chapter 1 similarly
+5y_1qUmwopk-00278-00066548-00066928 states satine allah biast apasa hiya
+5y_1qUmwopk-00279-00066929-00067150 Atma Samia Giannina Brahma carrion an
+5y_1qUmwopk-00280-00067151-00067321 idiom through continuous pursuit of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00281-00067322-00067502 satya truthfulness top
+5y_1qUmwopk-00282-00067503-00067748 perseverance austerity Sammy Jana
+5y_1qUmwopk-00283-00067749-00067955 correct knowledge and brahmacarya
+5y_1qUmwopk-00284-00067956-00068282 when attains Atman the self soul the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00285-00068283-00068504 Vedas and early who punish Adak texts of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00286-00068505-00068684 Hinduism in their discussion of Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00287-00068685-00068879 chharia make no mention of the age of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00288-00068880-00069023 the student at the start of Brahma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00289-00069024-00069239 chharia nor any restraint on sexual
+5y_1qUmwopk-00290-00069240-00069521 activity one of the earliest discussion
+5y_1qUmwopk-00291-00069522-00069716 and contrasting viewpoints on sexual
+5y_1qUmwopk-00292-00069717-00069917 intercourse during Brahma chharia as in
+5y_1qUmwopk-00293-00069918-00070133 Section eleven point five point four of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00294-00070134-00070571 sath padta brahmana the verses 11.5.6
+5y_1qUmwopk-00295-00070572-00070970 teen and 11.5 or 17 present two
+5y_1qUmwopk-00296-00070971-00071183 different viewpoints on sexual activity
+5y_1qUmwopk-00297-00071184-00071380 one against and one is a choice
+5y_1qUmwopk-00298-00071381-00071783 similarly in verse 11 dot v dot 4 dot 18
+5y_1qUmwopk-00299-00071784-00071993 the Satta path Abraha mana presents
+5y_1qUmwopk-00300-00071994-00072155 contrasting viewpoints on an eating
+5y_1qUmwopk-00301-00072156-00072685 restraint for the Brahmachari
+5y_1qUmwopk-00302-00072686-00073275 topic among religious movements
+5y_1qUmwopk-00303-00073276-00073540 in Indian traditions a Brahmachari is a
+5y_1qUmwopk-00304-00073541-00074003 male and Brahma Chari Nia female
+5y_1qUmwopk-00305-00074004-00074525 topic Brahma Kumaris
+5y_1qUmwopk-00306-00074526-00074798 among Brahma Kumaris Brahma chharia is
+5y_1qUmwopk-00307-00074799-00074963 practiced by married couples and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00308-00074964-00075185 householders - as a way of formalizing
+5y_1qUmwopk-00309-00075186-00075362 sexual behavior into a conscious
+5y_1qUmwopk-00310-00075363-00075581 co-creative practice rather than merely
+5y_1qUmwopk-00311-00075582-00075968 an unconscious habit
+5y_1qUmwopk-00312-00075969-00076278 Topic International Society for Krishna
+5y_1qUmwopk-00313-00076279-00076678 consciousness
+5y_1qUmwopk-00314-00076679-00076948 in ISKCON Abbate sector devotional
+5y_1qUmwopk-00315-00076949-00077116 movement within Hinduism the male
+5y_1qUmwopk-00316-00077117-00077353 devotee is called Brahmachari and female
+5y_1qUmwopk-00317-00077354-00077626 devotee brahmacari nee the unmarried
+5y_1qUmwopk-00318-00077627-00077833 male brahmacharis wear saffron robes
+5y_1qUmwopk-00319-00077834-00078016 while married male householders wear
+5y_1qUmwopk-00320-00078017-00078123 white robes
+5y_1qUmwopk-00321-00078124-00078385 Ramachari knees wear saris of any color
+5y_1qUmwopk-00322-00078386-00078673 the terms Brahmachari and Ramachari nee
+5y_1qUmwopk-00323-00078674-00078832 are reserved for those practicing
+5y_1qUmwopk-00324-00078833-00079123 celibacy married devotees in contrast
+5y_1qUmwopk-00325-00079124-00079623 are called grihastha householders
+5y_1qUmwopk-00326-00079624-00080122 topic ashrams and Malthus
+5y_1qUmwopk-00327-00080123-00080411 various ashrams Ostrava Hermitage and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00328-00080412-00080624 Mata matha college of ascetics of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00329-00080625-00080828 various schools of Hinduism called their
+5y_1qUmwopk-00330-00080829-00081053 male and female initiates as Brahmachari
+5y_1qUmwopk-00331-00081054-00081533 and Ramachari knees
+5y_1qUmwopk-00332-00081534-00081983 epic see also
+5y_1qUmwopk-00333-00081984-00082504 topic references
+5y_1qUmwopk-00334-00082505-00083017 topic sources
+5y_1qUmwopk-00335-00083018-00083443 Jane Champa try 19:26 sannyasa Dharma
+5y_1qUmwopk-00336-00083444-00083656 this article incorporates text from this
+5y_1qUmwopk-00337-00083657-00083871 source which is in the public domain
+5y_1qUmwopk-00338-00083872-00084301 Jane vjk 2012 acharya amra Tundras
+5y_1qUmwopk-00339-00084302-00084538 purushartha Sidhu paya realization of
+5y_1qUmwopk-00340-00084539-00084691 the pure self with Hindi and English
+5y_1qUmwopk-00341-00084692-00085044 translation the cult printers ISBN 978
+5y_1qUmwopk-00342-00085045-00085528 81 903 6 3 9 4 5 this article
+5y_1qUmwopk-00343-00085529-00085729 incorporates text from this source which
+5y_1qUmwopk-00344-00085730-00086146 is in the public domain
+5y_1qUmwopk-00345-00086147-00086666 topic further reading
+5y_1qUmwopk-00346-00086667-00086939 carl Olson celibacy and religious
+5y_1qUmwopk-00347-00086940-00087193 traditions oxford university press ISBN
+5y_1qUmwopk-00348-00087194-00087751 978 o one-nine-five 306 3 2 3
+5y_1qUmwopk-00349-00087752-00088042 Elizabeth H sexual energy and yoga
+5y_1qUmwopk-00350-00088043-00088529 Aurora press ISBN 978 oh nine four three
+5y_1qUmwopk-00351-00088530-00088858 three five eight oh three one 1982
+5y_1qUmwopk-00352-00088859-00089204 stewart so that's key eros consciousness
+5y_1qUmwopk-00353-00089205-00089468 and kundalini tantric celibacy and the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00354-00089469-00089782 mysteries of arrows inner traditions
+5y_1qUmwopk-00355-00089783-00090329 Rochester VT 1999 swaminarayan ananda
+5y_1qUmwopk-00356-00090330-00090659 the way to peace power and long life nu
+5y_1qUmwopk-00357-00090660-00091168 yoga trust Denmark 2001 1st ed 1945
+5y_1qUmwopk-00358-00091169-00091418 swaminarayan Ananda Brahma chharia its
+5y_1qUmwopk-00359-00091419-00091616 necessity and practice for boys and
+5y_1qUmwopk-00360-00091617-00092057 girls Nu yoga trusts Denmark 2001 first
+5y_1qUmwopk-00361-00092058-00092482 ed 1960
+5y_1qUmwopk-00362-00092483-00093073 topic external links
+5y_1qUmwopk-00363-00093074-00093471 braum Acharya hi Jeevan hain PDF Hindi
+5y_1qUmwopk-00364-00093472-00093831 Ramachari akima Hema PDF Hindi
+5y_1qUmwopk-00365-00093832-00094144 brahmacari aqui Shakti by Swami Rama
+5y_1qUmwopk-00366-00094145-00094549 tirtha PDF Hindi nakedness non-violence
+5y_1qUmwopk-00367-00094550-00094780 and Brahma chharia Gandhi's experiments
+5y_1qUmwopk-00368-00094781-00095062 in celibate sexuality Vinay law 2000
+5y_1qUmwopk-00369-00095063-00095308 journal of the history of sexuality vol
+5y_1qUmwopk-00370-00095309-00096016 9 no 1/2 PP 105 to 136 seminal truth a
+5y_1qUmwopk-00371-00096017-00096241 modern science of male celibacy in North
+5y_1qUmwopk-00372-00096242-00096454 India Joseph S alder medical
+5y_1qUmwopk-00373-00096455-00096730 anthropology quarterly new series vol 11
+5y_1qUmwopk-00374-00096731-00097468 number 3 SEP 1997 PP 275 to 298 ritual
+5y_1qUmwopk-00375-00097469-00097702 knowledge and being initiation and veda
+5y_1qUmwopk-00376-00097703-00098023 study in ancient India Brian Smith 1986
+5y_1qUmwopk-00377-00098024-00098572 Newman 33 165 289 renunciation in the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00378-00098573-00098746 religious traditions of South Asia
+5y_1qUmwopk-00379-00098747-00099270 Richard Byrd Hart 1983 man 18 for 635 to
+5y_1qUmwopk-00380-00099271-00099757 653 Brahma chharia celibacy and fidelity
+5y_1qUmwopk-00381-00099758-00100123 Himalayan Academy Gutenberg archives the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00382-00100124-00100339 role of celibacy in the spiritual life
+5y_1qUmwopk-00383-00100340-00100593 an interview with Swami Chidananda
+5y_1qUmwopk-00384-00100594-00100942 brahmacarya by swami sivananda the
+5y_1qUmwopk-00385-00100943-00101143 complete works of swami vivekananda
+5y_1qUmwopk-00386-00101144-00101434 chapters 5 6 & 7 discuss Vivekananda's
+5y_1qUmwopk-00387-00101435-00101746 views on brahmacarya
+5-rctGnEkV0-00000-00000263-00000455 do you have to present to increasingly
+5-rctGnEkV0-00001-00000456-00000511 larger
+5-rctGnEkV0-00002-00000512-00000807 or more important audiences is public
+5-rctGnEkV0-00003-00000808-00000966 speaking and presenting something that's
+5-rctGnEkV0-00004-00000967-00001262 becoming a part of your job description
+5-rctGnEkV0-00005-00001263-00001423 would you like to be able to capture the
+5-rctGnEkV0-00006-00001424-00001591 attention and minds of your audience
+5-rctGnEkV0-00007-00001592-00001791 whatever the topic
+5-rctGnEkV0-00008-00001792-00002023 as we progress at the corporate ladder
+5-rctGnEkV0-00009-00002023-00002207 most executives find that their role
+5-rctGnEkV0-00010-00002208-00002415 requires them to present to management
+5-rctGnEkV0-00011-00002416-00002623 pitch to clients or speak at large
+5-rctGnEkV0-00012-00002624-00002758 conferences
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+5-rctGnEkV0-00016-00003311-00003470 seniors or strangers
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+5-rctGnEkV0-00018-00003679-00003847 wrong
+5-rctGnEkV0-00019-00003847-00004063 fortunately there are well developed and
+5-rctGnEkV0-00020-00004064-00004222 easy to utilize techniques
+5-rctGnEkV0-00021-00004223-00004383 that can address the challenges of
+5-rctGnEkV0-00022-00004384-00004743 presenting pitching and public speaking
+5-rctGnEkV0-00023-00004744-00004919 our starting point comes from the field
+5-rctGnEkV0-00024-00004920-00005086 of neuroscience
+5-rctGnEkV0-00025-00005087-00005279 we know that when we hear something
+5-rctGnEkV0-00026-00005280-00005447 novel interesting
+5-rctGnEkV0-00027-00005448-00005727 or unexpected we experience a dopamine
+5-rctGnEkV0-00028-00005728-00005895 release
+5-rctGnEkV0-00029-00005896-00006118 dopamine improves memory retention by
+5-rctGnEkV0-00030-00006119-00006334 increasing our focus and attention
+5-rctGnEkV0-00031-00006335-00006463 on the information that caused the
+5-rctGnEkV0-00032-00006464-00006767 release this biological fact holds true
+5-rctGnEkV0-00033-00006768-00006878 for all of us
+5-rctGnEkV0-00034-00006879-00007278 irrespective of nationality or language
+5-rctGnEkV0-00035-00007279-00007463 the evolution u developing and
+5-rctGnEkV0-00036-00007464-00007687 delivering compelling pitches training
+5-rctGnEkV0-00037-00007688-00007919 introduces psychology-based linguistic
+5-rctGnEkV0-00038-00007920-00007998 tools
+5-rctGnEkV0-00039-00008000-00008214 that enable us to simulate dopamine
+5-rctGnEkV0-00040-00008215-00008455 releases in our audience
+5-rctGnEkV0-00041-00008456-00008671 this increases the impact of our message
+5-rctGnEkV0-00042-00008672-00008919 making our presentations compelling
+5-rctGnEkV0-00043-00008920-00009078 and give us the skills and resilience
+5-rctGnEkV0-00044-00009079-00009310 required to be an excellent presenter
+5-rctGnEkV0-00045-00009311-00010184 deal pitcher or public speaker
+5-OHjRp0P-A-00000-00000011-00000316 Aang gang steel company limited or an
+5-OHjRp0P-A-00001-00000317-00000914 steel SCH K 347 s zc 0 o 8 9 8 is a
+5-OHjRp0P-A-00002-00000915-00001174 joint-stock limited company parented by
+5-OHjRp0P-A-00003-00001175-00001387 an Chan iron and steel group which is
+5-OHjRp0P-A-00004-00001388-00001582 supervised by State Council of the
+5-OHjRp0P-A-00005-00001583-00001876 People's Republic of China it is the
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+5-OHjRp0P-A-00007-00002118-00002377 China and steel is engaged in producing
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+5-OHjRp0P-A-00010-00002841-00003120 wire rods thick plates and heavy rails
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+5-OHjRp0P-A-00012-00003552-00003772 iron and steel injected its cold rolling
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+5-OHjRp0P-A-00014-00004068-00004363 an steel and steel is headquartered in
+5-OHjRp0P-A-00015-00004364-00004685 anshun li awning
+5_TSiJYHonE-00000-00000024-00000206 hey everybody daniel fusco here and
+5_TSiJYHonE-00001-00000208-00000487 welcome to today's two minute message
+5_TSiJYHonE-00002-00000488-00000695 i love god's word i've been reading the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00003-00000696-00000839 bible now for some 20 years
+5_TSiJYHonE-00004-00000840-00001023 read it every single day i'm always
+5_TSiJYHonE-00005-00001024-00001207 studying it learning about it
+5_TSiJYHonE-00006-00001208-00001582 memorizing it praying about it trying to
+5_TSiJYHonE-00007-00001583-00001718 connect the dots and i always like to
+5_TSiJYHonE-00008-00001719-00001791 tell people
+5_TSiJYHonE-00009-00001792-00001967 that god has given us his word as the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00010-00001968-00002102 guard rails for life it gives us
+5_TSiJYHonE-00011-00002103-00002239 everything we need it's the road we live
+5_TSiJYHonE-00012-00002240-00002295 on but
+5_TSiJYHonE-00013-00002296-00002447 god not only has given us his word as
+5_TSiJYHonE-00014-00002448-00002599 the guard rails and the guide but he's
+5_TSiJYHonE-00015-00002600-00002687 also given us
+5_TSiJYHonE-00016-00002688-00002934 our lives as a curriculum and in a lot
+5_TSiJYHonE-00017-00002935-00002999 of ways
+5_TSiJYHonE-00018-00003000-00003158 what i always try and encourage people i
+5_TSiJYHonE-00019-00003159-00003343 want to encourage you right now is as
+5_TSiJYHonE-00020-00003344-00003486 you're reading the word then you need to
+5_TSiJYHonE-00021-00003488-00003670 apply god's word to your life and
+5_TSiJYHonE-00022-00003671-00003815 circumstance and i realize that every
+5_TSiJYHonE-00023-00003815-00003854 day
+5_TSiJYHonE-00024-00003855-00004006 of our lives we have different
+5_TSiJYHonE-00025-00004007-00004175 experiences and then in different
+5_TSiJYHonE-00026-00004176-00004319 seasons of life there are different
+5_TSiJYHonE-00027-00004320-00004399 themes
+5_TSiJYHonE-00028-00004400-00004615 and so we want to make sure that we are
+5_TSiJYHonE-00029-00004616-00004791 taking god's word and we're applying it
+5_TSiJYHonE-00030-00004792-00004951 at street level where we live one of the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00031-00004952-00005038 things i always tell people one of the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00032-00005039-00005183 hardest journeys it takes is to get
+5_TSiJYHonE-00033-00005184-00005367 god's word from your head to your heart
+5_TSiJYHonE-00034-00005368-00005575 and then if we get into our hearts from
+5_TSiJYHonE-00035-00005576-00005727 our hearts and you make it to our hands
+5_TSiJYHonE-00036-00005728-00005838 our mouth
+5_TSiJYHonE-00037-00005839-00006015 our eyes our feet the way we carry
+5_TSiJYHonE-00038-00006016-00006159 ourselves to the world because all of us
+5_TSiJYHonE-00039-00006160-00006286 live from our heart
+5_TSiJYHonE-00040-00006287-00006478 but the key is is to make sure that you
+5_TSiJYHonE-00041-00006479-00006591 are interpreting
+5_TSiJYHonE-00042-00006592-00006742 all of your life all your life
+5_TSiJYHonE-00043-00006743-00006895 experiences all the different seasons of
+5_TSiJYHonE-00044-00006895-00006942 life
+5_TSiJYHonE-00045-00006943-00007119 i want you to be interpreting it through
+5_TSiJYHonE-00046-00007120-00007303 the scriptures but don't miss all the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00047-00007304-00007414 things you're going through today
+5_TSiJYHonE-00048-00007415-00007551 this is the curriculum this is the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00049-00007552-00007774 coursework that god has for you to learn
+5_TSiJYHonE-00050-00007775-00007831 how to
+5_TSiJYHonE-00051-00007831-00008039 love god and to love others and to and
+5_TSiJYHonE-00052-00008040-00008263 to live differently into the world so
+5_TSiJYHonE-00053-00008264-00008503 i just want to encourage you to see
+5_TSiJYHonE-00054-00008504-00008599 what's going on
+5_TSiJYHonE-00055-00008600-00008823 in your world right now through the lens
+5_TSiJYHonE-00056-00008824-00008959 of the scriptures
+5_TSiJYHonE-00057-00008960-00009159 and make sure that we are acing the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00058-00009160-00009295 classes that we're on that
+5_TSiJYHonE-00059-00009296-00009471 the curriculum that we're in as we
+5_TSiJYHonE-00060-00009472-00009639 simply respond to jesus together so
+5_TSiJYHonE-00061-00009640-00009695 that's what i do
+5_TSiJYHonE-00062-00009696-00009806 first i want you to share this video
+5_TSiJYHonE-00063-00009807-00009967 because everyone's life is the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00064-00009968-00010135 curriculum but we want to make sure
+5_TSiJYHonE-00065-00010136-00010287 they're seeing their life through the
+5_TSiJYHonE-00066-00010288-00010510 lens of the scripture and in the comment
+5_TSiJYHonE-00067-00010511-00010574 section
+5_TSiJYHonE-00068-00010575-00010855 share with me one circumstance in your
+5_TSiJYHonE-00069-00010856-00011023 life and what it's teaching you
+5_TSiJYHonE-00070-00011024-00011174 go ahead i can't wait to see it and god
+5_TSiJYHonE-00071-00011175-00011439 bless you
+5_ajvtCriXI-00000-00000068-00000308 biology is the natural science that
+5_ajvtCriXI-00001-00000309-00000491 studies life and living organisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00002-00000492-00000659 including their physical structure
+5_ajvtCriXI-00003-00000660-00000848 chemical processes molecular
+5_ajvtCriXI-00004-00000849-00001079 interactions physiological mechanisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00005-00001080-00001354 development and evolution despite the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00006-00001355-00001528 complexity of the science there are
+5_ajvtCriXI-00007-00001529-00001712 certain unifying concepts that
+5_ajvtCriXI-00008-00001713-00001909 consolidated into a single coherent
+5_ajvtCriXI-00009-00001910-00002242 field biology recognizes the cell is the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00010-00002243-00002474 basic unit of life Gene's is the basic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00011-00002475-00002668 unit of heredity and evolution as the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00012-00002669-00002855 engine that propels the creation and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00013-00002856-00003155 extinction of species living organisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00014-00003156-00003338 are open systems that survive by
+5_ajvtCriXI-00015-00003339-00003547 transforming energy and decreasing their
+5_ajvtCriXI-00016-00003548-00003758 local entropy to maintain a stable and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00017-00003759-00003968 vital condition defined as homeostasis
+5_ajvtCriXI-00018-00003969-00004226 sub disciplines of biology are defined
+5_ajvtCriXI-00019-00004227-00004420 by the research methods employed and the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00020-00004421-00004613 kind of system studied theoretical
+5_ajvtCriXI-00021-00004614-00004841 biology uses mathematical methods to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00022-00004842-00005011 formulate quantitative models while
+5_ajvtCriXI-00023-00005012-00005263 experimental biology performs empirical
+5_ajvtCriXI-00024-00005264-00005426 experiments to test the validity of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00025-00005427-00005624 proposed theories and understand the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00026-00005625-00005822 mechanisms underlying life and how it
+5_ajvtCriXI-00027-00005823-00005984 appeared and evolve from nonliving
+5_ajvtCriXI-00028-00005985-00006167 matter about four billion years ago
+5_ajvtCriXI-00029-00006168-00006326 through a gradual increase in the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00030-00006327-00006617 complexity of the system see branches of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00031-00006618-00006994 biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00032-00006995-00007487 topic history
+5_ajvtCriXI-00033-00007488-00007735 the term biology is derived from the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00034-00007736-00008087 Greek word bios bios life and the suffix
+5_ajvtCriXI-00035-00008088-00008417 logia logia study of the latin language
+5_ajvtCriXI-00036-00008418-00008710 form of the term first appeared in 1736
+5_ajvtCriXI-00037-00008711-00008912 when swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus
+5_ajvtCriXI-00038-00008913-00009170 Carl von Linde used biology in his
+5_ajvtCriXI-00039-00009171-00009520 biblioteca Botanica it was used again in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00040-00009521-00009799 1766 in a work entitled philosophy a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00041-00009800-00010006 naturalist see physique a toe moose
+5_ajvtCriXI-00042-00010007-00010255 three continents geology and biology and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00043-00010256-00010480 biology in generalities by Michael
+5_ajvtCriXI-00044-00010481-00010696 Christoph Hanif a disciple of Christian
+5_ajvtCriXI-00045-00010697-00011027 Wulff the first German use biology was
+5_ajvtCriXI-00046-00011028-00011312 in a 1771 translation of Linnaeus work
+5_ajvtCriXI-00047-00011313-00011723 in 1797 theatres Georg August ruse used
+5_ajvtCriXI-00048-00011724-00011914 the term in the preface of a book grunge
+5_ajvtCriXI-00049-00011915-00012227 der lair van der Levin's craft carl
+5_ajvtCriXI-00050-00012228-00012502 friedrich berdache used the term in 1800
+5_ajvtCriXI-00051-00012503-00012685 in a more restricted sense of the study
+5_ajvtCriXI-00052-00012686-00012891 of human beings from a morphological
+5_ajvtCriXI-00053-00012892-00013050 physiological and psychological
+5_ajvtCriXI-00054-00013051-00013316 perspective propaedeutic zum studi and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00055-00013316-00013613 der gas Anton Hopkins the term came into
+5_ajvtCriXI-00056-00013613-00013793 its modern usage with the six-volume
+5_ajvtCriXI-00057-00013794-00014080 treatise biology oder philosophy Durrell
+5_ajvtCriXI-00058-00014081-00014428 abandoned at or 1802 2:22 by Gottfried
+5_ajvtCriXI-00059-00014429-00014711 Reinhold Trevor eNOS who announced the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00060-00014712-00014881 objects of our research will be the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00061-00014882-00015068 different forms and manifestations of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00062-00015069-00015259 life the conditions and laws under which
+5_ajvtCriXI-00063-00015260-00015452 these phenomena occur and the causes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00064-00015453-00015608 through which they have been affected
+5_ajvtCriXI-00065-00015609-00015853 the science that concerns itself with
+5_ajvtCriXI-00066-00015854-00016040 these objects we will indicate by the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00067-00016041-00016309 name biology biology or the doctrine of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00068-00016310-00016553 life Leben's ler although modern biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00069-00016554-00016680 is a relatively recent development
+5_ajvtCriXI-00070-00016681-00016930 science is related to and included
+5_ajvtCriXI-00071-00016931-00017072 within it have been studied since
+5_ajvtCriXI-00072-00017073-00017369 ancient times natural philosophy was
+5_ajvtCriXI-00073-00017370-00017525 studied as early as the ancient
+5_ajvtCriXI-00074-00017526-00017789 civilizations of Mesopotamia Egypt the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00075-00017790-00018071 Indian subcontinent and China however
+5_ajvtCriXI-00076-00018072-00018305 the origins of modern biology and its
+5_ajvtCriXI-00077-00018306-00018487 approach to the study of nature are most
+5_ajvtCriXI-00078-00018488-00018667 often traced back to ancient Greece
+5_ajvtCriXI-00079-00018668-00018947 while the formal study of medicine dates
+5_ajvtCriXI-00080-00018948-00019418 back to Hippocrates CA 460 to 370 BC it
+5_ajvtCriXI-00081-00019419-00019837 was Aristotle 384 to 322 BC who
+5_ajvtCriXI-00082-00019838-00020015 contributed most extensively to the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00083-00020016-00020261 development of biology especially
+5_ajvtCriXI-00084-00020262-00020503 important or his history of animals and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00085-00020504-00020684 other works where he showed naturalist
+5_ajvtCriXI-00086-00020685-00020849 leanings and later more impure
+5_ajvtCriXI-00087-00020850-00021044 works that focused on biological
+5_ajvtCriXI-00088-00021045-00021268 causation and the diversity of life
+5_ajvtCriXI-00089-00021269-00021488 Aristotle's successor at the Lyceum
+5_ajvtCriXI-00090-00021489-00021731 theorist Asst wrote a series of books on
+5_ajvtCriXI-00091-00021732-00021890 botany that survived as the most
+5_ajvtCriXI-00092-00021891-00022094 important contribution of antiquity to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00093-00022095-00022304 the plant sciences even into the Middle
+5_ajvtCriXI-00094-00022305-00022535 Ages scholars of the medieval Islamic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00095-00022536-00022742 world who wrote on biology included
+5_ajvtCriXI-00096-00022743-00022837 Alger Hiss
+5_ajvtCriXI-00097-00022838-00023468 781 to 869 Aldean owari 828 to 896 who
+5_ajvtCriXI-00098-00023469-00023912 wrote on botany and razes 865 to 925 who
+5_ajvtCriXI-00099-00023913-00024224 wrote on anatomy and physiology medicine
+5_ajvtCriXI-00100-00024225-00024446 was especially well studied by Islamic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00101-00024447-00024644 scholars working in Greek philosopher
+5_ajvtCriXI-00102-00024645-00024842 traditions while Natural History drew
+5_ajvtCriXI-00103-00024843-00025004 heavily on Aristotelian thought
+5_ajvtCriXI-00104-00025005-00025193 especially in upholding a fixed
+5_ajvtCriXI-00105-00025194-00025522 hierarchy of life biology began to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00106-00025523-00025727 quickly develop and grow with anton van
+5_ajvtCriXI-00107-00025727-00025919 Leeuwenhoek's dramatic improvement of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00108-00025920-00026183 the microscope it was then that scholars
+5_ajvtCriXI-00109-00026183-00026452 discovered spermatozoa bacteria in few
+5_ajvtCriXI-00110-00026454-00026642 soria and the diversity of microscopic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00111-00026643-00026977 life investigations by jan swam Erdem
+5_ajvtCriXI-00112-00026979-00027200 led to new interest in entomology and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00113-00027201-00027374 helped to develop the basic techniques
+5_ajvtCriXI-00114-00027375-00027577 of microscopic dissection and staining
+5_ajvtCriXI-00115-00027579-00027812 advances in microscopy also had a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00116-00027813-00028027 profound impact on biological thinking
+5_ajvtCriXI-00117-00028029-00028339 in the early 19th century a number of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00118-00028341-00028523 biologists pointed to the central
+5_ajvtCriXI-00119-00028524-00028832 importance of the cell then in 1838
+5_ajvtCriXI-00120-00028833-00029060 Leiden and schwann began promoting the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00121-00029061-00029302 now universal ideas that one the basic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00122-00029304-00029507 unit of organisms is the cell and to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00123-00029508-00029687 that individual cells have all the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00124-00029688-00029858 characteristics of life although they
+5_ajvtCriXI-00125-00029858-00030058 opposed the idea that three all cells
+5_ajvtCriXI-00126-00030060-00030246 come from the division of other cells
+5_ajvtCriXI-00127-00030247-00030506 thanks to the work of Robert remic and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00128-00030507-00030818 Rudolf Virchow however by the 1860s most
+5_ajvtCriXI-00129-00030819-00031058 biologists accepted all three tenets of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00130-00031058-00031211 what came to be known as cell theory
+5_ajvtCriXI-00131-00031212-00031463 meanwhile taxonomy and classification
+5_ajvtCriXI-00132-00031464-00031683 became the focus of natural historians
+5_ajvtCriXI-00133-00031685-00031985 Carl Linnaeus published a basic taxonomy
+5_ajvtCriXI-00134-00031986-00032314 for the natural world in 1735 variations
+5_ajvtCriXI-00135-00032316-00032507 of which have been in use ever since and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00136-00032508-00032786 in the 1750s introduced scientific names
+5_ajvtCriXI-00137-00032787-00033107 for all his species George Lewis Leclerc
+5_ajvtCriXI-00138-00033108-00033359 Comte de Buffon treated species as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00139-00033360-00033571 artificial categories and living forms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00140-00033572-00033796 as malleable even suggesting the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00141-00033797-00034046 possibility of common descent although
+5_ajvtCriXI-00142-00034047-00034250 he was opposed to evolution who
+5_ajvtCriXI-00143-00034251-00034427 as a key figure in the history of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00144-00034428-00034652 evolutionary thought his work influenced
+5_ajvtCriXI-00145-00034653-00034814 the evolutionary theories of both
+5_ajvtCriXI-00146-00034815-00035057 Lamarck and Darwin serious evolutionary
+5_ajvtCriXI-00147-00035058-00035240 thinking originated with the works of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00148-00035241-00035426 Gen Depp Tesla mark who is the first to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00149-00035427-00035623 present a coherent theory of evolution
+5_ajvtCriXI-00150-00035624-00035921 he posited that evolution was the result
+5_ajvtCriXI-00151-00035922-00036140 of environmental stress on properties of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00152-00036141-00036332 animals meaning that the more frequently
+5_ajvtCriXI-00153-00036333-00036533 and rigorously an organ was used the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00154-00036534-00036713 more complex and efficient it would
+5_ajvtCriXI-00155-00036714-00036899 become thus adapting the animal to its
+5_ajvtCriXI-00156-00036900-00036973 environment
+5_ajvtCriXI-00157-00036974-00037190 Lamarque believed that these acquired
+5_ajvtCriXI-00158-00037191-00037355 traits could then be passed on to the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00159-00037356-00037514 animals offspring who would further
+5_ajvtCriXI-00160-00037515-00037808 develop and perfect them however it was
+5_ajvtCriXI-00161-00037809-00037969 the British naturalist Charles Darwin
+5_ajvtCriXI-00162-00037970-00038225 combining the bio geographical approach
+5_ajvtCriXI-00163-00038226-00038471 of Humboldt the uniformitarian geology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00164-00038472-00038660 of Lyell malthus's writings on
+5_ajvtCriXI-00165-00038661-00038819 population growth and his own
+5_ajvtCriXI-00166-00038820-00039053 morphological expertise and extensive
+5_ajvtCriXI-00167-00039054-00039266 natural observations who forged a more
+5_ajvtCriXI-00168-00039267-00039497 successful evolutionary theory based on
+5_ajvtCriXI-00169-00039498-00039707 natural selection similar reasoning and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00170-00039708-00039914 evidence led Alfred Russel Wallace to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00171-00039915-00040117 independently reach the same conclusions
+5_ajvtCriXI-00172-00040118-00040319 although it was the subject of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00173-00040320-00040535 controversy which continues to this day
+5_ajvtCriXI-00174-00040536-00040727 Darwin's theory quickly spread through
+5_ajvtCriXI-00175-00040728-00040916 the scientific community and soon became
+5_ajvtCriXI-00176-00040917-00041102 a central axiom of the rapidly
+5_ajvtCriXI-00177-00041103-00041396 developing science of biology the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00178-00041397-00041573 discovery of the physical representation
+5_ajvtCriXI-00179-00041574-00041828 of heredity came along with evolutionary
+5_ajvtCriXI-00180-00041829-00042047 principles and population genetics in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00181-00042048-00042455 the 1940s and early 1950s experiments
+5_ajvtCriXI-00182-00042456-00042656 pointed to DNA as the component of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00183-00042657-00042848 chromosomes that held the trait carrying
+5_ajvtCriXI-00184-00042849-00043066 units that had become known as genes a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00185-00043067-00043307 focus on new kinds of model organisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00186-00043308-00043586 such as viruses and bacteria along with
+5_ajvtCriXI-00187-00043587-00043760 the discovery of the double helical
+5_ajvtCriXI-00188-00043761-00044057 structure of DNA in 1953 marked the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00189-00044058-00044231 transition to the era of molecular
+5_ajvtCriXI-00190-00044232-00044558 genetics from the 1950s to present times
+5_ajvtCriXI-00191-00044559-00044807 biology has been vastly extended in the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00192-00044808-00045086 molecular domain the genetic code was
+5_ajvtCriXI-00193-00045087-00045341 cracked by har Gobind Khorana Robert W
+5_ajvtCriXI-00194-00045342-00045530 Holley and Marshall Warren nirenberg
+5_ajvtCriXI-00195-00045531-00045743 after DNA was understood to contain
+5_ajvtCriXI-00196-00045744-00046025 codons finally the Human Genome Project
+5_ajvtCriXI-00197-00046026-00046280 was launched in 1990 with the goal of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00198-00046281-00046544 mapping the general human genome this
+5_ajvtCriXI-00199-00046545-00046748 project was essentially completed in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00200-00046749-00047021 2003 with further analysis still being
+5_ajvtCriXI-00201-00047022-00047303 published the human genome project was
+5_ajvtCriXI-00202-00047304-00047531 the first step in a globalized effort to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00203-00047532-00047630 incorporate a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00204-00047631-00047816 related knowledge of biology into a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00205-00047817-00048023 functional molecular definition of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00206-00048024-00048188 human body and the bodies of other
+5_ajvtCriXI-00207-00048189-00048561 organisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00208-00048562-00049197 topic foundations of modern biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00209-00049198-00049667 topic cell theory
+5_ajvtCriXI-00210-00049668-00049935 cell theory states that the cell is the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00211-00049936-00050136 fundamental unit of life that all living
+5_ajvtCriXI-00212-00050137-00050334 things are composed of one or more cells
+5_ajvtCriXI-00213-00050335-00050496 and that all cells arise from
+5_ajvtCriXI-00214-00050497-00050652 pre-existing cells through cell division
+5_ajvtCriXI-00215-00050653-00051021 in multicellular organisms every cell in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00216-00051022-00051225 the organism's body derives ultimately
+5_ajvtCriXI-00217-00051226-00051426 from a single cell in a fertilized egg
+5_ajvtCriXI-00218-00051427-00051696 the cell is also considered to be the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00219-00051697-00051890 basic unit in many pathological
+5_ajvtCriXI-00220-00051891-00052190 processes in addition the phenomenon of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00221-00052191-00052440 energy flow occurs in cells in processes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00222-00052441-00052578 that are part of the function known as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00223-00052579-00052872 metabolism finally cells contain
+5_ajvtCriXI-00224-00052873-00053127 hereditary information DNA which is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00225-00053128-00053307 passed from cell to cell during cell
+5_ajvtCriXI-00226-00053308-00053562 division research into the origin of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00227-00053563-00053820 life abiogenesis amounts to an attempt
+5_ajvtCriXI-00228-00053821-00053982 to discover the origin of the first
+5_ajvtCriXI-00229-00053983-00054373 cells
+5_ajvtCriXI-00230-00054374-00054796 topic evolution
+5_ajvtCriXI-00231-00054797-00055054 a central organizing concept in biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00232-00055054-00055281 is that life changes and develops
+5_ajvtCriXI-00233-00055282-00055441 through evolution and that all life
+5_ajvtCriXI-00234-00055441-00055704 forms known have a common origin the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00235-00055705-00055929 theory of evolution postulates that all
+5_ajvtCriXI-00236-00055930-00056128 organisms on the earth both living and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00237-00056129-00056313 extinct have descended from a common
+5_ajvtCriXI-00238-00056314-00056548 ancestor or an ancestral gene pool
+5_ajvtCriXI-00239-00056549-00056817 this Universal common ancestor of all
+5_ajvtCriXI-00240-00056818-00057006 organisms is believed to have appeared
+5_ajvtCriXI-00241-00057007-00057287 about 3.5 billion years ago
+5_ajvtCriXI-00242-00057288-00057519 biologists regard the ubiquity of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00243-00057520-00057732 genetic code as definitive evidence in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00244-00057733-00057951 favor of the theory of universal common
+5_ajvtCriXI-00245-00057952-00058167 descent for all bacteria archaea and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00246-00058168-00058425 eukaryotes see origin of life the term
+5_ajvtCriXI-00247-00058426-00058696 evolution was introduced into the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00248-00058697-00058885 scientific lexicon by jean-baptiste
+5_ajvtCriXI-00249-00058886-00059154 Lamarck in 1809 and fifty years later
+5_ajvtCriXI-00250-00059155-00059398 Charles Darwin posited a scientific
+5_ajvtCriXI-00251-00059399-00059625 model of natural selection as evolutions
+5_ajvtCriXI-00252-00059626-00059866 driving force Alfred Russel Wallace has
+5_ajvtCriXI-00253-00059866-00060063 recognized as the co-discoverer of this
+5_ajvtCriXI-00254-00060064-00060241 concept as he helped research and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00255-00060241-00060448 experiment with the concept of evolution
+5_ajvtCriXI-00256-00060449-00060636 evolution is now used to explain the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00257-00060637-00060897 great variations of life found on earth
+5_ajvtCriXI-00258-00060898-00061171 Darwin theorized that species flourish
+5_ajvtCriXI-00259-00061172-00061374 or die when subjected to the processes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00260-00061375-00061554 of natural selection or selective
+5_ajvtCriXI-00261-00061555-00061834 breeding genetic drift was embraced as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00262-00061835-00062031 an additional mechanism of evolutionary
+5_ajvtCriXI-00263-00062032-00062238 development in the modern synthesis of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00264-00062239-00062440 the theory the evolutionary history of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00265-00062441-00062659 the species which describes the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00266-00062660-00062836 characteristics of the various species
+5_ajvtCriXI-00267-00062837-00063066 from which it descended together with
+5_ajvtCriXI-00268-00063067-00063279 its genealogical relationship to every
+5_ajvtCriXI-00269-00063280-00063512 other species is known as its phylogeny
+5_ajvtCriXI-00270-00063513-00063780 widely varied approaches to biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00271-00063781-00063969 generate information about phylogeny
+5_ajvtCriXI-00272-00063970-00064254 these include the comparisons of DNA
+5_ajvtCriXI-00273-00064255-00064461 sequences a product of molecular biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00274-00064462-00064704 more particularly genomics and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00275-00064705-00064936 comparisons of fossils or other records
+5_ajvtCriXI-00276-00064937-00065124 of ancient organisms a product of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00277-00065125-00065463 paleontology biologists organize and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00278-00065464-00065674 analyze evolutionary relationships
+5_ajvtCriXI-00279-00065675-00065866 through various methods including Philo
+5_ajvtCriXI-00280-00065867-00066121 genetics phonetics and cladistics for a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00281-00066122-00066334 summary of major events in the evolution
+5_ajvtCriXI-00282-00066335-00066504 of life as currently understood by
+5_ajvtCriXI-00283-00066505-00066812 biologists see evolutionary timeline
+5_ajvtCriXI-00284-00066813-00066997 evolution is relevant to the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00285-00066998-00067182 understanding of the natural history of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00286-00067183-00067372 life-forms and to the understanding of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00287-00067373-00067563 the organization of current life-forms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00288-00067564-00067830 but those organizations can only be
+5_ajvtCriXI-00289-00067831-00067987 understood in the light of how they came
+5_ajvtCriXI-00290-00067988-00068231 to be by way of the process of evolution
+5_ajvtCriXI-00291-00068232-00068487 consequently evolution is central to all
+5_ajvtCriXI-00292-00068488-00068888 fields of biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00293-00068889-00069387 topic genetics
+5_ajvtCriXI-00294-00069388-00069591 genes are the primary units of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00295-00069592-00069859 inheritance in all organisms a gene is a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00296-00069860-00070084 unit of heredity and corresponds to a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00297-00070085-00070311 region of DNA that influences the form
+5_ajvtCriXI-00298-00070312-00070522 or function of an organism in specific
+5_ajvtCriXI-00299-00070523-00070824 ways all organisms from bacteria to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00300-00070825-00071037 animals share the same basic machinery
+5_ajvtCriXI-00301-00071038-00071284 that copies and translates DNA into
+5_ajvtCriXI-00302-00071285-00071616 proteins cells transcribe a DNA gene
+5_ajvtCriXI-00303-00071617-00071856 into an RNA version of the gene and a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00304-00071857-00072109 ribosome then translates the RNA into a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00305-00072110-00072303 sequence of amino acids known as a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00306-00072304-00072622 protein the translation code from RNA
+5_ajvtCriXI-00307-00072623-00072867 codon to amino acid is the same for most
+5_ajvtCriXI-00308-00072868-00073218 organisms for example a sequence of DNA
+5_ajvtCriXI-00309-00073219-00073416 that codes for insulin in humans also
+5_ajvtCriXI-00310-00073417-00073615 codes for insulin when inserted into
+5_ajvtCriXI-00311-00073616-00073893 other organisms such as plants DNA is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00312-00073894-00074061 found as linear chromosomes in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00313-00074062-00074134 eukaryotes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00314-00074135-00074337 and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00315-00074338-00074640 a chromosome is an organized structure
+5_ajvtCriXI-00316-00074641-00074973 consisting of DNA in histones the set of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00317-00074974-00075162 chromosomes in a Cell and any other
+5_ajvtCriXI-00318-00075163-00075357 hereditary information found in the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00319-00075358-00075576 mitochondria chloroplasts or other
+5_ajvtCriXI-00320-00075577-00075765 locations as collectively known as a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00321-00075766-00076086 cell's genome in eukaryotes genomic DNA
+5_ajvtCriXI-00322-00076087-00076344 is localized in the cell nucleus or with
+5_ajvtCriXI-00323-00076345-00076522 small amounts in mitochondria and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00324-00076523-00076866 chloroplasts in prokaryotes the DNA is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00325-00076867-00077055 held within an irregularly shaped body
+5_ajvtCriXI-00326-00077056-00077340 in the cytoplasm called the nucleoid the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00327-00077341-00077562 genetic information in a genome is held
+5_ajvtCriXI-00328-00077563-00077769 within genes and the complete assemblage
+5_ajvtCriXI-00329-00077770-00077955 of this information in an organism is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00330-00077956-00078330 called its jeanna type
+5_ajvtCriXI-00331-00078331-00078851 topic homeostasis
+5_ajvtCriXI-00332-00078852-00079118 homeostasis is the ability of an open
+5_ajvtCriXI-00333-00079119-00079283 system to regulate its internal
+5_ajvtCriXI-00334-00079284-00079430 environment to maintain stable
+5_ajvtCriXI-00335-00079431-00079664 conditions by means of multiple dynamic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00336-00079665-00079835 equilibrium adjustments that are
+5_ajvtCriXI-00337-00079836-00080030 controlled by interrelated regulation
+5_ajvtCriXI-00338-00080031-00080315 mechanisms all living organisms whether
+5_ajvtCriXI-00339-00080316-00080561 unicellular or multicellular exhibit
+5_ajvtCriXI-00340-00080562-00080762 homeostasis to maintain dynamic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00341-00080763-00080948 equilibrium and effectively carry out
+5_ajvtCriXI-00342-00080949-00081176 certain functions a system must detect
+5_ajvtCriXI-00343-00081177-00081452 and respond to perturbations after the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00344-00081453-00081692 detection of a perturbation a biological
+5_ajvtCriXI-00345-00081693-00081854 system normally responds through
+5_ajvtCriXI-00346-00081855-00082028 negative feedback that stabilize
+5_ajvtCriXI-00347-00082029-00082259 conditions by reducing or increasing the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00348-00082260-00082514 activity of an organ or system one
+5_ajvtCriXI-00349-00082515-00082733 example is the release of glucagon when
+5_ajvtCriXI-00350-00082734-00083154 sugar levels are too low
+5_ajvtCriXI-00351-00083155-00083631 topic energy
+5_ajvtCriXI-00352-00083632-00083844 the survival of a living organism
+5_ajvtCriXI-00353-00083845-00084040 depends on the continuous input of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00354-00084041-00084300 energy chemical reactions that are
+5_ajvtCriXI-00355-00084301-00084466 responsible for its structure and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00356-00084467-00084640 function are tuned to extract energy
+5_ajvtCriXI-00357-00084641-00084876 from substances that act as its food and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00358-00084877-00085050 transform them to help form new cells
+5_ajvtCriXI-00359-00085051-00085274 and sustain them in this process
+5_ajvtCriXI-00360-00085275-00085534 molecules of chemical substances that
+5_ajvtCriXI-00361-00085535-00085759 constitute food played two roles first
+5_ajvtCriXI-00362-00085760-00085915 they contain energy that can be
+5_ajvtCriXI-00363-00085916-00086151 transformed and reused in that organisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00364-00086152-00086403 biological chemical reactions second
+5_ajvtCriXI-00365-00086404-00086572 food can be transformed into new
+5_ajvtCriXI-00366-00086573-00086793 molecular structures biomolecules that
+5_ajvtCriXI-00367-00086794-00087046 are abused to that organism the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00368-00087047-00087210 organisms responsible for the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00369-00087211-00087421 introduction of energy into an ecosystem
+5_ajvtCriXI-00370-00087422-00087656 are known as producers or autotrophs
+5_ajvtCriXI-00371-00087657-00087936 nearly all such organisms originally
+5_ajvtCriXI-00372-00087937-00088161 draw their energy from the Sun plants
+5_ajvtCriXI-00373-00088162-00088335 and other phototrophs use solar energy
+5_ajvtCriXI-00374-00088336-00088629 via a process known as photosynthesis to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00375-00088630-00088834 convert raw materials into organic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00376-00088835-00089112 molecules such as ATP whose bonds can be
+5_ajvtCriXI-00377-00089113-00089244 broken to release energy
+5_ajvtCriXI-00378-00089245-00089584 a few ecosystems however depend entirely
+5_ajvtCriXI-00379-00089585-00089829 on energy extracted by chemo troves from
+5_ajvtCriXI-00380-00089830-00090066 methane sulfides or other non luminal
+5_ajvtCriXI-00381-00090067-00090271 energy sources some of the energy thus
+5_ajvtCriXI-00382-00090272-00090501 captured produces biomass and energy
+5_ajvtCriXI-00383-00090502-00090660 that is available for growth and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00384-00090661-00090910 development of other life-forms the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00385-00090911-00091122 majority of the rest of this biomass and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00386-00091123-00091335 energy are lost as waste molecules in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00387-00091336-00091611 heat the most important processes for
+5_ajvtCriXI-00388-00091612-00091759 converting the energy trapped in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00389-00091760-00091980 chemical substances into energy useful
+5_ajvtCriXI-00390-00091981-00092187 to sustain life are metabolism and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00391-00092188-00092598 cellular respiration
+5_ajvtCriXI-00392-00092599-00093159 topic study and research
+5_ajvtCriXI-00393-00093160-00093645 topic structural
+5_ajvtCriXI-00394-00093646-00093880 molecular biology is the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00395-00093881-00094114 biology at the molecular level this
+5_ajvtCriXI-00396-00094115-00094318 field overlaps with other areas of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00397-00094319-00094552 biology particularly those of genetics
+5_ajvtCriXI-00398-00094553-00094876 and biochemistry molecular biology is a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00399-00094877-00095080 study of the interactions of the various
+5_ajvtCriXI-00400-00095081-00095266 systems within a cell including the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00401-00095267-00095512 interrelationships of DNA RNA and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00402-00095513-00095707 protein synthesis and how those
+5_ajvtCriXI-00403-00095708-00095992 interactions are regulated the next
+5_ajvtCriXI-00404-00095993-00096250 larger scale cell biology studies the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00405-00096251-00096439 structural and physiological properties
+5_ajvtCriXI-00406-00096440-00096634 of cells including their internal
+5_ajvtCriXI-00407-00096635-00096835 behavior interactions with other cells
+5_ajvtCriXI-00408-00096836-00097090 and with their environment this is done
+5_ajvtCriXI-00409-00097091-00097297 on both the microscopic and molecular
+5_ajvtCriXI-00410-00097298-00097534 levels for unicellular organisms such as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00411-00097535-00097747 bacteria as well as the specialized
+5_ajvtCriXI-00412-00097748-00097981 cells of multicellular organisms such as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00413-00097982-00098269 humans understanding the structure and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00414-00098270-00098467 function of cells is fundamental to all
+5_ajvtCriXI-00415-00098468-00098716 of the biological sciences the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00416-00098717-00098875 similarities and differences between
+5_ajvtCriXI-00417-00098876-00099121 cell types are particularly relevant to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00418-00099122-00099478 molecular biology anatomy is a treatment
+5_ajvtCriXI-00419-00099479-00099655 of the macroscopic forms of such
+5_ajvtCriXI-00420-00099656-00099853 structures organs and organ systems
+5_ajvtCriXI-00421-00099854-00100033 genetics as the science of genes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00422-00100034-00100290 heredity and the variation of organisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00423-00100291-00100552 genes encode the information needed by
+5_ajvtCriXI-00424-00100553-00100750 cells for the synthesis of proteins
+5_ajvtCriXI-00425-00100751-00100927 which in turn play a central role in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00426-00100928-00101134 influencing the final phenotype of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00427-00101135-00101413 organism genetics provides research
+5_ajvtCriXI-00428-00101414-00101629 tools used in the investigation of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00429-00101630-00101809 function of a particular gene or the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00430-00101810-00102109 analysis of genetic interactions within
+5_ajvtCriXI-00431-00102110-00102325 organisms genetic information as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00432-00102326-00102510 physically represented as chromosomes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00433-00102511-00102715 within which it is represented by a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00434-00102716-00102946 particular sequence of amino acids in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00435-00102947-00103311 particular DNA molecules developmental
+5_ajvtCriXI-00436-00103313-00103509 biology studies the process by which
+5_ajvtCriXI-00437-00103510-00103804 organisms grow and develop developmental
+5_ajvtCriXI-00438-00103805-00104041 biology originated from embryology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00439-00104042-00104239 studies the genetic control of cell
+5_ajvtCriXI-00440-00104240-00104439 growth cellular differentiation and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00441-00104440-00104755 cellular morphogenesis which is the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00442-00104756-00104953 process that progressively gives rise to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00443-00104954-00105301 tissues organs and Anatomy model
+5_ajvtCriXI-00444-00105302-00105526 organisms for developmental biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00445-00105527-00105667 include the round worm Caenorhabditis
+5_ajvtCriXI-00446-00105668-00105936 elegans the fruit fly Drosophila
+5_ajvtCriXI-00447-00105938-00106156 melanogaster the zebrafish danio rerio
+5_ajvtCriXI-00448-00106157-00106396 the mouse muse musculus and the weed
+5_ajvtCriXI-00449-00106397-00106663 Arabidopsis thaliana a model organism is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00450-00106664-00106840 a species that has extensively studied
+5_ajvtCriXI-00451-00106841-00107002 to understand particular
+5_ajvtCriXI-00452-00107003-00107167 biological phenomena with the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00453-00107168-00107358 expectation that discoveries made in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00454-00107359-00107557 that organism provide insight into the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00455-00107558-00107968 workings of other organisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00456-00107969-00108670 topic physiological physiology is the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00457-00108671-00108861 study of the mechanical physical and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00458-00108862-00109065 biochemical processes of living
+5_ajvtCriXI-00459-00109066-00109347 organisms function as a whole the Thema
+5_ajvtCriXI-00460-00109348-00109635 structured to function is central to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00461-00109636-00109882 biology physiological studies have
+5_ajvtCriXI-00462-00109883-00110074 traditionally been divided into plant
+5_ajvtCriXI-00463-00110075-00110316 physiology and animal physiology but
+5_ajvtCriXI-00464-00110317-00110499 some principles of physiology are
+5_ajvtCriXI-00465-00110500-00110707 universal no matter what particular
+5_ajvtCriXI-00466-00110708-00110988 organism is being studied for example
+5_ajvtCriXI-00467-00110989-00111169 what is learned about the physiology of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00468-00111170-00111370 yeast cells can also apply to human
+5_ajvtCriXI-00469-00111371-00111624 cells the field of animal physiology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00470-00111625-00111876 extends the tools and methods of human
+5_ajvtCriXI-00471-00111877-00112188 physiology to non-human species plant
+5_ajvtCriXI-00472-00112189-00112401 physiology borrows techniques from both
+5_ajvtCriXI-00473-00112402-00112713 research fields physiology is the study
+5_ajvtCriXI-00474-00112714-00112948 the interaction of how for example the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00475-00112949-00113202 nervous immune endocrine respiratory and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00476-00113203-00113409 circulatory systems function and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00477-00113410-00113674 interact the study of these systems has
+5_ajvtCriXI-00478-00113675-00113829 shared with such medically oriented
+5_ajvtCriXI-00479-00113830-00114354 disciplines as neurology and immunology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00480-00114355-00114895 topic Evolutionary
+5_ajvtCriXI-00481-00114896-00115127 evolutionary research is concerned with
+5_ajvtCriXI-00482-00115128-00115319 the origin and descent of species and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00483-00115320-00115558 their change over time it employs
+5_ajvtCriXI-00484-00115559-00115759 scientists from many taxonomically
+5_ajvtCriXI-00485-00115760-00115994 oriented disciplines for example those
+5_ajvtCriXI-00486-00115995-00116146 with special training in particular
+5_ajvtCriXI-00487-00116147-00116444 organisms such as mammalogy ornithology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00488-00116445-00116708 botany or herpetology but are abuse in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00489-00116708-00116876 answering more general questions about
+5_ajvtCriXI-00490-00116877-00117251 evolution evolutionary biology is partly
+5_ajvtCriXI-00491-00117252-00117484 based on paleontology which uses the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00492-00117485-00117677 fossil record to answer questions about
+5_ajvtCriXI-00493-00117678-00117865 the mode and tempo of evolution and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00494-00117866-00118082 partly on the developments in areas such
+5_ajvtCriXI-00495-00118083-00118406 as population genetics in the 1980's
+5_ajvtCriXI-00496-00118407-00118607 developmental biology re-entered
+5_ajvtCriXI-00497-00118608-00118820 evolutionary biology after its initial
+5_ajvtCriXI-00498-00118821-00119015 exclusion from the modern synthesis
+5_ajvtCriXI-00499-00119016-00119165 through the study of evolutionary
+5_ajvtCriXI-00500-00119166-00119471 developmental biology phylogenetic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00501-00119472-00119723 systematics and taxonomy are related
+5_ajvtCriXI-00502-00119724-00119897 fields often considered part of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00503-00119898-00120308 evolutionary biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00504-00120309-00120802 topic systematic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00505-00120803-00121039 multiple speciation events create a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00506-00121040-00121249 tree-structured system of relationships
+5_ajvtCriXI-00507-00121250-00121558 between species the role of systematics
+5_ajvtCriXI-00508-00121559-00121757 is to study these relationships and thus
+5_ajvtCriXI-00509-00121758-00121946 the differences and similarities between
+5_ajvtCriXI-00510-00121947-00122289 species and groups of species however
+5_ajvtCriXI-00511-00122290-00122507 systematics was an active field of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00512-00122508-00122693 research long before evolutionary
+5_ajvtCriXI-00513-00122694-00122807 thinking was common
+5_ajvtCriXI-00514-00122808-00122974 traditionally living things have been
+5_ajvtCriXI-00515-00122975-00123170 divided into five kingdoms manera
+5_ajvtCriXI-00516-00123171-00123565 Protista fungi Plantae Animalia however
+5_ajvtCriXI-00517-00123566-00123794 many scientists now consider this five
+5_ajvtCriXI-00518-00123795-00124003 kingdom system outdated modern
+5_ajvtCriXI-00519-00124004-00124213 alternative classification systems
+5_ajvtCriXI-00520-00124214-00124402 generally begin with the three domain
+5_ajvtCriXI-00521-00124403-00124650 system archaea originally archaebacteria
+5_ajvtCriXI-00522-00124651-00124912 bacteria originally u bacteria and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00523-00124913-00125152 eukaryota including protists fungi
+5_ajvtCriXI-00524-00125153-00125408 plants and animals these domains reflect
+5_ajvtCriXI-00525-00125408-00125614 whether the cells have nuclei or not as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00526-00125615-00125791 well as differences in the chemical
+5_ajvtCriXI-00527-00125792-00126013 composition of key biomolecules such as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00528-00126014-00126250 ribosomes further each kingdom is broken
+5_ajvtCriXI-00529-00126251-00126478 down recursively until each species is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00530-00126479-00126765 separately classified the order is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00531-00126766-00127094 domain kingdom phylum class order family
+5_ajvtCriXI-00532-00127095-00127441 genus species outside of these
+5_ajvtCriXI-00533-00127442-00127603 categories there are obligate
+5_ajvtCriXI-00534-00127604-00127852 intracellular parasites that are on the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00535-00127853-00128132 edge of life in terms of metabolic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00536-00128133-00128359 activity meaning that many scientists do
+5_ajvtCriXI-00537-00128360-00128584 not actually classify such structures as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00538-00128585-00128771 alive due to their lack of at least one
+5_ajvtCriXI-00539-00128772-00128959 or more of the fundamental functions or
+5_ajvtCriXI-00540-00128960-00129211 characteristics that define life they
+5_ajvtCriXI-00541-00129212-00129499 are classified as viruses viroids prions
+5_ajvtCriXI-00542-00129500-00129835 or satellites the scientific name of an
+5_ajvtCriXI-00543-00129836-00130058 organism is generated from its genus and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00544-00130058-00130382 species for example humans are listed as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00545-00130383-00130636 Homo sapiens homo is the genus and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00546-00130637-00130885 sapiens the species when writing the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00547-00130886-00131089 scientific name of an organism it is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00548-00131090-00131299 proper to capitalize the first letter in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00549-00131300-00131497 the genus and put all of the species in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00550-00131498-00131598 lowercase
+5_ajvtCriXI-00551-00131599-00131812 additionally the entire term may be
+5_ajvtCriXI-00552-00131813-00132058 italicized or underlined the dominant
+5_ajvtCriXI-00553-00132059-00132241 classification system is called the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00554-00132242-00132545 Linnaean taxonomy it includes ranks and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00555-00132546-00132823 binomial nomenclature how organisms are
+5_ajvtCriXI-00556-00132824-00132948 named is governed by international
+5_ajvtCriXI-00557-00132949-00133169 agreements such as the international
+5_ajvtCriXI-00558-00133170-00133418 code of nomenclature for algae fungi and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00559-00133419-00133670 plants ICN the international code of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00560-00133671-00133927 zoological nomenclature iczn
+5_ajvtCriXI-00561-00133928-00134062 and the international code of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00562-00134063-00134202 nomenclature of back
+5_ajvtCriXI-00563-00134203-00134529 I see and B the classification of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00564-00134530-00134817 viruses viroids prions and all other sub
+5_ajvtCriXI-00565-00134818-00135057 viral agents that demonstrate biological
+5_ajvtCriXI-00566-00135058-00135228 characteristics is conducted by the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00567-00135229-00135432 international committee on taxonomy of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00568-00135433-00135515 viruses
+5_ajvtCriXI-00569-00135516-00135780 ICTV and is known as the international
+5_ajvtCriXI-00570-00135781-00135963 code of viral classification and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00571-00135964-00136344 nomenclature IC vcn however several
+5_ajvtCriXI-00572-00136345-00136563 other viral classification systems do
+5_ajvtCriXI-00573-00136564-00136670 exist
+5_ajvtCriXI-00574-00136671-00136962 emerging draft bio code was published in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00575-00136963-00137193 1997 in an attempt to standardize
+5_ajvtCriXI-00576-00137194-00137421 nomenclature in these three areas but
+5_ajvtCriXI-00577-00137422-00137679 has yet to be formally adopted the bio
+5_ajvtCriXI-00578-00137680-00137862 code draft has received little attention
+5_ajvtCriXI-00579-00137863-00138162 since 1997 it's originally planned
+5_ajvtCriXI-00580-00138163-00138450 implementation date of January 1st 2000
+5_ajvtCriXI-00581-00138451-00138762 has passed unnoticed a revised bio code
+5_ajvtCriXI-00582-00138763-00138969 that instead of replacing the existing
+5_ajvtCriXI-00583-00138970-00139185 codes would provide a unified context
+5_ajvtCriXI-00584-00139186-00139488 for them was proposed in 2011 however
+5_ajvtCriXI-00585-00139489-00139722 the International botanical congress of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00586-00139723-00139965 2011 declined to consider the bio code
+5_ajvtCriXI-00587-00139966-00140322 proposal the IC vcn remains outside the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00588-00140323-00140526 bio code which does not include viral
+5_ajvtCriXI-00589-00140527-00140940 classification
+5_ajvtCriXI-00590-00140941-00141368 topic Kingdom's
+5_ajvtCriXI-00591-00141369-00141983 topic ecological and environmental
+5_ajvtCriXI-00592-00141984-00142185 ecology is the study of the distribution
+5_ajvtCriXI-00593-00142186-00142443 and abundance of living organisms the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00594-00142444-00142584 interaction between them and their
+5_ajvtCriXI-00595-00142585-00142842 environment an organism shares an
+5_ajvtCriXI-00596-00142843-00142992 environment that includes other
+5_ajvtCriXI-00597-00142993-00143220 organisms and biotic factors as well as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00598-00143221-00143505 local abiotic factors nonliving such as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00599-00143506-00143772 climate in ecology one reason that
+5_ajvtCriXI-00600-00143773-00143997 biological systems can be difficult to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00601-00143998-00144171 study is that so many different
+5_ajvtCriXI-00602-00144172-00144363 interactions with other organisms and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00603-00144364-00144552 the environment are possible even on
+5_ajvtCriXI-00604-00144553-00144879 small scales a microscopic bacterium
+5_ajvtCriXI-00605-00144880-00145098 responding to a local sugar gradient is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00606-00145099-00145308 responding to its environment as much as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00607-00145309-00145515 a lion searching for food in the African
+5_ajvtCriXI-00608-00145516-00145815 savanna for any species behaviors can be
+5_ajvtCriXI-00609-00145816-00146055 cooperative competitive parasitic or
+5_ajvtCriXI-00610-00146056-00146358 symbiotic matters become more complex
+5_ajvtCriXI-00611-00146359-00146580 when two or more species interact in an
+5_ajvtCriXI-00612-00146581-00146925 ecosystem ecological systems are studied
+5_ajvtCriXI-00613-00146926-00147090 at several different levels from the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00614-00147091-00147294 scale of the ecology of individual
+5_ajvtCriXI-00615-00147295-00147525 organisms to those of populations to the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00616-00147526-00147822 ecosystems and finally the biosphere the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00617-00147823-00148062 term population biology is often used
+5_ajvtCriXI-00618-00148063-00148320 interchangeably with population ecology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00619-00148321-00148521 although population biology is more
+5_ajvtCriXI-00620-00148522-00148719 frequently used in the case of diseases
+5_ajvtCriXI-00621-00148720-00148899 viruses and microbes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00622-00148900-00149103 while the term population ecology is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00623-00149104-00149274 more commonly applied to the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00624-00149275-00149595 plants and animals ecology draws on many
+5_ajvtCriXI-00625-00149596-00149931 sub disciplines Halle G is the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00626-00149932-00150138 animal behavior particularly that of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00627-00150139-00150342 social animals such as primates and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00628-00150343-00150531 canines and is sometimes considered a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00629-00150532-00150828 branch of zoology ethologists have been
+5_ajvtCriXI-00630-00150829-00150981 particularly concerned with the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00631-00150982-00151131 evolution of behavior and the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00632-00151132-00151323 understanding of behavior in terms of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00633-00151324-00151593 the theory of natural selection in one
+5_ajvtCriXI-00634-00151594-00151821 sense the first modern ethologist was
+5_ajvtCriXI-00635-00151822-00151998 Charles Darwin whose book the expression
+5_ajvtCriXI-00636-00151999-00152198 of the emotions in man and animals
+5_ajvtCriXI-00637-00152199-00152454 influenced many ethologists to come
+5_ajvtCriXI-00638-00152455-00152655 biogeography studies the spatial
+5_ajvtCriXI-00639-00152656-00152832 distribution of organisms on the earth
+5_ajvtCriXI-00640-00152833-00153042 focusing on such topics as plate
+5_ajvtCriXI-00641-00153043-00153285 tectonics climate change dispersal and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00642-00153286-00153735 migration and cladistics
+5_ajvtCriXI-00643-00153736-00154041 topic basic unresolved problems in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00644-00154042-00154448 biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00645-00154449-00154709 despite the profound advances made over
+5_ajvtCriXI-00646-00154710-00154913 recent decades in our understanding of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00647-00154914-00155150 life's fundamental processes some basic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00648-00155151-00155423 problems have remained unresolved one of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00649-00155424-00155621 the major unresolved problems in biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00650-00155622-00155891 as the primary adaptive function of sex
+5_ajvtCriXI-00651-00155892-00156119 and particularly it's key processes in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00652-00156120-00156326 eukaryotes of meiosis and homologous
+5_ajvtCriXI-00653-00156327-00156623 recombination one view is that sexy
+5_ajvtCriXI-00654-00156624-00156848 Vault primarily as an adaptation that
+5_ajvtCriXI-00655-00156849-00157073 promoted increased genetic diversity see
+5_ajvtCriXI-00656-00157074-00157382 references eg an alternative view is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00657-00157383-00157591 that sex is an adaptation for promoting
+5_ajvtCriXI-00658-00157592-00157889 accurate DNA repair in germline DNA and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00659-00157890-00158075 that increased genetic diversity is
+5_ajvtCriXI-00660-00158076-00158243 primarily a by-product that may be
+5_ajvtCriXI-00661-00158244-00158495 useful in the long run see also
+5_ajvtCriXI-00662-00158496-00158834 evolution of sexual reproduction another
+5_ajvtCriXI-00663-00158835-00159098 basic unresolved problem in biology as
+5_ajvtCriXI-00664-00159099-00159407 the biologic basis of aging at present
+5_ajvtCriXI-00665-00159408-00159572 there is no consensus view on the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00666-00159573-00159724 underlying cause of Aging
+5_ajvtCriXI-00667-00159725-00159977 various competing theories are outlined
+5_ajvtCriXI-00668-00159978-00160377 in aging theories
+5_ajvtCriXI-00669-00160378-00160893 topic branches
+5_ajvtCriXI-00670-00160894-00161150 these are the main branches of biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00671-00161151-00161433 for a more detailed list see outline of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00672-00161434-00161883 biology Anatomy the study of organism
+5_ajvtCriXI-00673-00161884-00162213 structures comparative anatomy the study
+5_ajvtCriXI-00674-00162214-00162378 of evolution of species through
+5_ajvtCriXI-00675-00162379-00162564 similarities and differences in their
+5_ajvtCriXI-00676-00162565-00162915 anatomy histology the study of tissues a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00677-00162916-00163205 microscopic branch of anatomy
+5_ajvtCriXI-00678-00163206-00163536 astrobiology also known as exobiology XO
+5_ajvtCriXI-00679-00163537-00163815 paleontology and bio astronomy the study
+5_ajvtCriXI-00680-00163816-00164061 of evolution distribution and future of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00681-00164062-00164358 life in the universe biochemistry the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00682-00164359-00164574 study of the chemical reactions required
+5_ajvtCriXI-00683-00164575-00164817 for life to exist in function usually a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00684-00164818-00165156 focus on the cellular level biological
+5_ajvtCriXI-00685-00165157-00165315 engineering the attempt to create
+5_ajvtCriXI-00686-00165316-00165579 products inspired by biological systems
+5_ajvtCriXI-00687-00165580-00165771 or to modify and interact with the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00688-00165772-00165935 biological systems
+5_ajvtCriXI-00689-00165936-00166164 biogeography the study of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00690-00166165-00166377 distribution of species spatially and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00691-00166378-00166695 temporally bioinformatics the use of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00692-00166696-00166887 information technology for the study
+5_ajvtCriXI-00693-00166888-00167115 collection and storage of genomic and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00694-00167116-00167445 other biological data bio linguistics
+5_ajvtCriXI-00695-00167446-00167667 the study of the biology and evolution
+5_ajvtCriXI-00696-00167668-00167973 of language biomechanics the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00697-00167974-00168206 the mechanics of living beings
+5_ajvtCriXI-00698-00168207-00168447 biomedical research the study of health
+5_ajvtCriXI-00699-00168448-00168747 and disease biophysics the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00700-00168748-00168969 biological processes by applying the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00701-00168970-00169143 theories and methods traditionally
+5_ajvtCriXI-00702-00169144-00169373 employed in the physical sciences
+5_ajvtCriXI-00703-00169374-00169587 biotechnology the study of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00704-00169588-00169797 manipulation of living matter including
+5_ajvtCriXI-00705-00169798-00169998 genetic modification and synthetic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00706-00169999-00170337 biology synthetic biology research
+5_ajvtCriXI-00707-00170338-00170522 integrating biology and engineering
+5_ajvtCriXI-00708-00170523-00170784 construction of biological functions not
+5_ajvtCriXI-00709-00170785-00170906 found in nature
+5_ajvtCriXI-00710-00170907-00171288 botany the study of plants psychology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00711-00171289-00171588 scientific study of algae plant
+5_ajvtCriXI-00712-00171589-00171750 physiology concerned with the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00713-00171751-00172104 functioning or physiology of plants cell
+5_ajvtCriXI-00714-00172105-00172296 biology the study of the cell is a
+5_ajvtCriXI-00715-00172297-00172488 complete unit and the molecular and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00716-00172489-00172677 chemical interactions that occur within
+5_ajvtCriXI-00717-00172678-00173034 a living cell chronobiology the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00718-00173035-00173288 periodic events in living systems
+5_ajvtCriXI-00719-00173289-00173660 cognitive biology the study of cognition
+5_ajvtCriXI-00720-00173661-00173904 conservation biology the study of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00721-00173905-00174141 preservation protection or restoration
+5_ajvtCriXI-00722-00174142-00174279 of the natural environment
+5_ajvtCriXI-00723-00174280-00174508 natural ecosystems vegetation and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00724-00174509-00174861 wildlife cryobiology the study of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00725-00174862-00175048 effects of lower than normally preferred
+5_ajvtCriXI-00726-00175049-00175274 temperatures on living beings
+5_ajvtCriXI-00727-00175275-00175527 developmental biology the study of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00728-00175528-00175686 processes through which an organism
+5_ajvtCriXI-00729-00175687-00175983 forms from zygote to full structure
+5_ajvtCriXI-00730-00175984-00176185 embryology the study of the development
+5_ajvtCriXI-00731-00176186-00176501 of embryo from fecundation to birth
+5_ajvtCriXI-00732-00176502-00176828 gerontology study of aging processes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00733-00176829-00177094 ecology the study of the interactions of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00734-00177095-00177283 living organisms with one another and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00735-00177284-00177436 with the nonliving elements of their
+5_ajvtCriXI-00736-00177437-00177757 environment evolutionary biology the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00737-00177758-00177922 study of the origin and descent of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00738-00177923-00178243 species over time genetics the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00739-00178244-00178585 genes and heredity genomics the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00740-00178586-00178761 genomes
+5_ajvtCriXI-00741-00178762-00178950 the genetics the study of heritable
+5_ajvtCriXI-00742-00178951-00179163 changes in gene expression or cellular
+5_ajvtCriXI-00743-00179164-00179361 phenotype caused by mechanisms other
+5_ajvtCriXI-00744-00179362-00179541 than changes in the underlying DNA
+5_ajvtCriXI-00745-00179542-00179889 sequence immunology the study of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00746-00179890-00179993 immune system
+5_ajvtCriXI-00747-00179994-00180267 marine biology or biological
+5_ajvtCriXI-00748-00180268-00180453 oceanography the study of ocean
+5_ajvtCriXI-00749-00180454-00180696 ecosystems plants animals and other
+5_ajvtCriXI-00750-00180697-00181047 living beings microbiology the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00751-00181048-00181326 microscopic organisms microorganisms and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00752-00181327-00181473 their interactions with other living
+5_ajvtCriXI-00753-00181474-00181776 things bacteriology the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00754-00181777-00182222 bacteria mycology the study of fungi
+5_ajvtCriXI-00755-00182223-00182478 parasitology the study of parasites and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00756-00182479-00182847 parasitism biology the study of viruses
+5_ajvtCriXI-00757-00182848-00183077 and some other virus-like agents
+5_ajvtCriXI-00758-00183078-00183381 molecular biology the study of biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00759-00183382-00183540 and biological functions at the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00760-00183541-00183741 molecular level some crossover with
+5_ajvtCriXI-00761-00183742-00184128 biochemistry nanobiology the application
+5_ajvtCriXI-00762-00184129-00184365 of nanotechnology in biological research
+5_ajvtCriXI-00763-00184366-00184569 and the study of living organisms and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00764-00184570-00184746 parts on the nano scale level of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00765-00184747-00185064 organization neuroscience the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00766-00185065-00185179 the nervous system
+5_ajvtCriXI-00767-00185180-00185484 paleontology the study of fossils and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00768-00185485-00185673 sometimes Geographic evidence of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00769-00185674-00185979 prehistoric life pathobiology or
+5_ajvtCriXI-00770-00185980-00186207 pathology the study of diseases and the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00771-00186208-00186474 causes processes nature and development
+5_ajvtCriXI-00772-00186475-00186783 of disease pharmacology the study of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00773-00186784-00187047 interact ions between drugs and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00774-00187048-00187365 organisms physiology the study of the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00775-00187366-00187551 functions and mechanisms occurring in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00776-00187552-00187666 living organisms
+5_ajvtCriXI-00777-00187667-00187947 phyto pathology the study of plant
+5_ajvtCriXI-00778-00187948-00188207 diseases also called plant pathology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00779-00188208-00188490 psycho biology the application of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00780-00188491-00188733 methods traditionally used in biology to
+5_ajvtCriXI-00781-00188734-00188922 study human and non-human animals
+5_ajvtCriXI-00782-00188923-00189231 behavior quantum biology the study of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00783-00189232-00189402 the role of quantum phenomena in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00784-00189403-00189789 biological processes systems biology the
+5_ajvtCriXI-00785-00189790-00189960 study complex interactions within
+5_ajvtCriXI-00786-00189961-00190179 biological systems through a holistic
+5_ajvtCriXI-00787-00190180-00190515 approach structural biology a branch of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00788-00190516-00190749 molecular biology biochemistry and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00789-00190750-00190962 biophysics concerned with the molecular
+5_ajvtCriXI-00790-00190963-00191266 structure of biological macromolecules
+5_ajvtCriXI-00791-00191267-00191502 theoretical biology the branch of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00792-00191503-00191739 biology that employs abstraction x' and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00793-00191740-00191891 mathematical models to explain
+5_ajvtCriXI-00794-00191892-00192100 biological phenomena
+5_ajvtCriXI-00795-00192101-00192374 zoology the study of animals including
+5_ajvtCriXI-00796-00192375-00192635 classification physiology development
+5_ajvtCriXI-00797-00192636-00192986 evolution and behavior including haulage
+5_ajvtCriXI-00798-00192987-00193231 II the study of animal behavior
+5_ajvtCriXI-00799-00193232-00193540 entomology the study of insects
+5_ajvtCriXI-00800-00193541-00193784 herpetology the study of reptiles and
+5_ajvtCriXI-00801-00193785-00194179 amphibians ichthyology the study of fish
+5_ajvtCriXI-00802-00194180-00194476 mammalogy the study of mammals
+5_ajvtCriXI-00803-00194477-00195010 ornithology the study of birds
+5_ajvtCriXI-00804-00195011-00195553 topic see also
+5_ajvtCriXI-00805-00195554-00196077 topic references
+5_ajvtCriXI-00806-00196078-00196590 topic further reading
+5_ajvtCriXI-00807-00196591-00197148 topic external links
+5_ajvtCriXI-00808-00197149-00197596 biology at Curley OSU's Philo code
+5_ajvtCriXI-00809-00197597-00198047 Biology Online wiki dictionary MIT video
+5_ajvtCriXI-00810-00198048-00198359 lecture series on biology The Tree of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00811-00198360-00198586 Life a multi authored distributed
+5_ajvtCriXI-00812-00198587-00198751 Internet project containing information
+5_ajvtCriXI-00813-00198752-00199118 about phylogeny and biodiversity journal
+5_ajvtCriXI-00814-00199119-00199387 links flows biology a peer-reviewed open
+5_ajvtCriXI-00815-00199388-00199595 access journal published by the Public
+5_ajvtCriXI-00816-00199596-00199851 Library of Science Current Biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00817-00199852-00200098 general journal publishing original
+5_ajvtCriXI-00818-00200099-00200316 research from all areas of biology
+5_ajvtCriXI-00819-00200317-00200621 biology letters a high-impact Royal
+5_ajvtCriXI-00820-00200622-00200858 Society journal publishing peer-reviewed
+5_ajvtCriXI-00821-00200859-00201109 Biology papers of general interest
+5_ajvtCriXI-00822-00201110-00201412 science internationally renowned AAAS
+5_ajvtCriXI-00823-00201413-00201625 science journal see sections of the life
+5_ajvtCriXI-00824-00201626-00201916 sciences International Journal of
+5_ajvtCriXI-00825-00201917-00202198 biological sciences a biological journal
+5_ajvtCriXI-00826-00202199-00202382 publishing significant peer-reviewed
+5_ajvtCriXI-00827-00202383-00202678 scientific papers perspectives in
+5_ajvtCriXI-00828-00202679-00202822 biology and medicine an
+5_ajvtCriXI-00829-00202823-00203021 interdisciplinary scholarly journal
+5_ajvtCriXI-00830-00203022-00203413 publishing essays of broad relevance
+5AylmmzfddY-00000-00000000-00000343 foreign
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+5C1yjRRUwT8-00001-00000746-00001000 welcome back inter Cardinals to our
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00002-00001001-00001270 making meeting lesson I'm so happy to
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00003-00001271-00001507 see you off and really happy to also
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00004-00001508-00001764 welcome some new faces joining us today
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00005-00001766-00002017 my name is miss Brandt and I'm a
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00006-00002018-00002180 kindergarten teacher right here in
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00007-00002181-00002423 Seattle at rising star elementary school
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00008-00002424-00002879 go Firebird I have been so proud to see
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00009-00002880-00003191 everyone working so hard this week I'm
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00010-00003192-00003503 learning about nonfiction books and I'm
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00011-00003504-00003854 wondering while we're reading so that we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00012-00003854-00004054 can learn new information and ask
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00013-00004055-00004292 questions to better understand our
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00014-00004293-00004604 reading your teachers and I really are
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00015-00004605-00004795 all missing being in class with you
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00016-00004796-00005120 every day and we're so so glad to see
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00017-00005121-00005377 the hard work you're doing wherever you
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00018-00005378-00005576 are even though we can't all be together
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00019-00005577-00005647 right now
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00020-00005648-00006034 so for today's lesson you're just going
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00021-00006035-00006379 to need your extension activities or if
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00022-00006380-00006605 you don't have those no problem you'll
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00023-00006606-00006823 need a blank piece of paper and also
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00024-00006825-00006953 something to write with
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00025-00006954-00007469 all right let's get sir last lesson
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00026-00007470-00007819 lesson before that we were reading two
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00027-00007820-00008216 non-fiction books one of them was a baby
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00028-00008217-00008588 penguin story and what if them was a
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00029-00008589-00009174 baby duck story both of these books are
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00030-00009175-00009619 nonfiction books about baby animals
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00031-00009620-00009935 remember that non-fiction books give us
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00032-00009936-00010314 true or real information about animals
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00033-00010315-00010796 people or things now both of these books
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00034-00010797-00011113 a baby penguin story and a baby book
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00035-00011114-00011595 duck story are written by Martha pH
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00036-00011596-00012002 rustad so the same author wrote both
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00037-00012003-00012367 books let's remind our
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00038-00012368-00012706 what happened in our stories in case you
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00039-00012707-00012921 weren't with us the last couple of times
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00040-00012922-00013391 in a baby penguin story real and that
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00041-00013391-00013855 baby penguins are called chicks chicks
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00042-00013856-00014219 hatched from an egg and the mom penguin
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00043-00014219-00014561 keeps the egg warm until the chicken
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00044-00014562-00014953 felt we also learned that once the chick
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00045-00014954-00015475 is there the parents feed the chick from
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00046-00015476-00016013 their mouths to the chicks mouth oh we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00047-00016013-00016280 also learned that baby penguins get a
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00048-00016281-00016633 little bit cold so the mother penguin
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00049-00016634-00016868 keeps the baby penguin warm
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00050-00016869-00017447 oh I remember also learning that young
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00051-00017448-00018113 penguins learn how to move on ice very I
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00052-00018114-00018547 see where these penguins live we also
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00053-00018548-00019043 learned about how penguins they're furry
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00054-00019044-00019309 fluffy feathers start to fall off when
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00055-00019310-00019506 they get older
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00056-00019507-00019790 whoa and I remember learning about how
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00057-00019791-00020164 penguins use their flippers to swim
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00058-00020165-00020578 swiftly or quickly through the water and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00059-00020579-00020912 then at the end of this story I remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00060-00020913-00021194 learning about how baby penguins grow up
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00061-00021195-00021533 and go off on their own to build their
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00062-00021534-00021643 own nest
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00063-00021644-00022028 so k2 partners I am wondering if you can
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00064-00022029-00022450 share with me hmm let's see can you
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00065-00022451-00022678 share with me what else you remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00066-00022679-00022972 learning all about baby penguins or
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00067-00022973-00023300 chicks go ahead and give yourself some
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00068-00023301-00023647 time to think what else do you remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00069-00023648-00024008 learning about baby penguins for chicks
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00070-00024009-00024236 besides those things we just talked
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00071-00024237-00025197 about together so think
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00072-00025198-00025455 great and this time I want you to just
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00073-00025456-00025608 call and tell me what else do you
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00074-00025608-00025802 remember learning in what upper language
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00075-00025804-00025980 you like call and tell me okay
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00076-00025981-00026914 ready go
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00077-00026914-00027345 ow very lots of kindergartners remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00078-00027347-00027792 that baby penguins or chicks like to eat
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00079-00027793-00028302 krill remember we learned that krill is
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00080-00028304-00028795 a kind of small shrimp-like animal let's
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00081-00028795-00029551 see whoo yes this page reminded our
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00082-00029552-00029982 readers of that oh I heard other readers
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00083-00029983-00030345 call me and tell me but they remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00084-00030345-00030889 that baby penguins like to hop on the
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00085-00030889-00031108 rocks they remembered that where
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00086-00031108-00031443 penguins live is rocky or covered in
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00087-00031444-00031882 rocks and a sea and lots of
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00088-00031883-00032202 kindergartners told me that baby penguin
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00089-00032203-00032554 chicks hatched from an egg and that
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00090-00032555-00032824 their mom helps them stay warm
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00091-00032825-00033207 they're very little wow great work
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00092-00033208-00033529 remember so many things that you learned
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00093-00033530-00034081 about baby penguin chicks no let's
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00094-00034082-00034462 switch and see what we remember about a
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00095-00034463-00034819 baby duck story don't worry if you
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00096-00034820-00034983 weren't with us for those lessons so
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00097-00034984-00035167 we'll take a little walk through to see
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00098-00035168-00035368 what we remember together before I ask
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00099-00035369-00035746 you to do it by yourself let's see ah
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00100-00035747-00036145 oh I remember learning that baby ducks
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00101-00036146-00036393 are called ducklings and that they also
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00102-00036394-00036990 hatch from eggs oh I remember when their
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00103-00036991-00037337 very little they feel a little bit cold
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00104-00037338-00037827 they stay in their nest and we learned
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00105-00037828-00038118 that baby ducks or ducklings learn many
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00106-00038119-00038577 things from their mothers they learn how
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00107-00038578-00038885 to swim
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00108-00038886-00039170 oh we learned about their special feats
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00109-00039171-00039659 that are wept that help them to spend we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00110-00039660-00039905 learned that baby penguins eat with
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00111-00039906-00040391 their bill like this this is their bill
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00112-00040392-00040631 good what else did we learn
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00113-00040632-00040973 oh I remember learning and baby penguins
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00114-00040974-00041072 get older
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00115-00041073-00041603 they also start to have new feathers
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00116-00041604-00041885 come in and when they get a little bit
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00117-00041886-00042239 older they also fly away to be on their
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00118-00042240-00042623 own just like the Penguins our
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00119-00042624-00042866 kindergartners all right I'm gonna ask
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00120-00042867-00043115 him now what else do you remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00121-00043116-00043439 learning in this story from baby duck
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00122-00043440-00043688 story so go ahead and give yourself time
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00123-00043689-00043949 to think what else do you remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00124-00043950-00045109 learning
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00125-00045110-00045382 wait this time I want you to whisper it
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00126-00045383-00045568 into your hand what else you remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00127-00045569-00045859 learning and I'll make sure I listen go
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00128-00045860-00046938 ahead you can say I learned I learned
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00129-00046939-00047131 Wow
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00130-00047132-00047425 Thai beautiful listening with me and we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00131-00047426-00047824 heard so many great things that
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00132-00047825-00048100 kindergartners learned we heard some
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00133-00048101-00048346 kindergartners say that they remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00134-00048347-00048808 that they learned about how Fox my a fox
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00135-00048809-00049072 may want to eat the baby ducklings but
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00136-00049073-00049531 the mom duck scares the Fox away by
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00137-00049532-00050280 hissing and quacking I also remember
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00138-00050281-00050602 hearing a huge a gardener think that
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00139-00050603-00050839 they remembered that baby ducks or
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00140-00050840-00051115 ducklings were cold when they were
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00141-00051116-00051446 little so their mom helps them stay warm
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00142-00051447-00051846 Wow so many good facts that students
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00143-00051847-00052102 remembered about baby ducklings from our
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00144-00052103-00052423 a baby duck story and about baby
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00145-00052424-00052821 penguins from our a baby penguin story
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00146-00052822-00053166 keep those in your mind because we're
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00147-00053167-00053367 gonna work together to write some things
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00148-00053369-00053659 that we learned before we do that let's
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00149-00053660-00053902 do a little bit of a review of some of
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00150-00053903-00054196 our new vocabulary words that we learned
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00151-00054197-00054595 in our two books this week behind me I
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00152-00054596-00055021 put them all on the whiteboard so first
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00153-00055022-00055246 I'm gonna say the word and you're gonna
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00154-00055247-00055915 say it back ready scoot and scooby is
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00155-00055916-00056548 moving quickly tip your turn good tip
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00156-00056549-00056848 it's like pouring or moving something
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00157-00056849-00057129 over or it can also be the end of
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00158-00057130-00057342 something like we talked about the tip
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00159-00057344-00057691 of your nose this one says
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00160-00057691-00058113 keep your turn perfect
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00161-00058114-00058479 wrapping you've covered in rocks like in
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00162-00058480-00059129 this picture next one is I see your turn
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00163-00059130-00059746 good I see means covered in ice the next
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00164-00059747-00060243 one is tasty your turn okay
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00165-00060244-00060715 tasty means delicious or very good I rub
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00166-00060716-00060963 my tummy when I see this one tasty
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00167-00060964-00061597 this one says fluffy your turn fluffy
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00168-00061598-00062019 and soft just like this dog kind of like
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00169-00062020-00062391 a baby penguin or ducklings fluffy
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00170-00062392-00062766 feathers great job readers now we're
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00171-00062767-00062925 gonna read them all together and then
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00172-00062926-00063147 we'll play a quick peek okay ready
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00173-00063148-00064226 here we go scoot tape rock key I see
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00174-00064227-00064984 tasty fluffy good okay I'm going to tell
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00175-00064985-00065349 a little story and when you when I stop
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00176-00065350-00065572 and you know what word goes there which
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00177-00065573-00065785 one of these you're gonna shout it up
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00178-00065786-00066261 okay here's my first example the baby
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00179-00066262-00066591 penguin woke up one day and started to
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00180-00066592-00066885 waddle or moved from side to side and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00181-00066886-00067347 the ground that the ground was very cold
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00182-00067348-00067569 it was covered with ice
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00183-00067570-00068304 it was you've got it it was icy high
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00184-00068305-00068682 five so the baby penguin walked
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00185-00068683-00069022 carefully then the ground started to
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00186-00069023-00069825 have lots of rocks and it was you got it
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00187-00069826-00070344 it was rocky so even though it was rocky
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00188-00070345-00070641 and a see that baby penguin was feeling
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00189-00070642-00070768 a little bit
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00190-00070769-00071523 warm because it lots of nice soft
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00191-00071524-00072318 feathers that were fluffy you got it
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00192-00072319-00072661 mmm the baby penguin chick was starting
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00193-00072662-00072844 to feel a little bit hungry
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00194-00072845-00073273 it was wanting some delicious fish to
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00195-00073274-00073519 eat some delicious this fish that was
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00196-00073520-00074440 very you cut it tasty good job the
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00197-00074441-00074896 penguin was moving quickly across the AC
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00198-00074897-00075193 Rocky rammed very very quickly the
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00199-00075194-00075544 penguin was ready to go so quickly and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00200-00075545-00076186 so it started to good you got it
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00201-00076187-00076465 scooped means to move quickly let's
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00202-00076466-00076704 practice that one again let's say scoot
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00203-00076705-00076840 scoot
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00204-00076841-00077185 show me scooty good even though the
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00205-00077186-00077389 penguin was scooting along it was
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00206-00077390-00078049 careful not to over you got it it was
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00207-00078050-00078352 careful not to tip over how
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00208-00078353-00079183 kindergartners you learned 1 2 3 4 5 6
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00209-00079184-00079525 new vocabulary words this week you'll
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00210-00079526-00079678 find these words in your extension
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00211-00079679-00080020 activities to keep practicing and you
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00212-00080021-00080182 can just keep practicing them on your
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00213-00080183-00080500 own wherever you are - good job give me
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00214-00080501-00080794 a double high five high ten next okay
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00215-00080795-00081307 now I'm gonna hold down this church and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00216-00081308-00081874 this church I ready things we learned
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00217-00081875-00082654 about baby animals you all just told me
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00218-00082655-00082942 so many things that you learned about
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00219-00082943-00083246 baby animals both baby
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00220-00083247-00083702 penguins or chicks ain't baby ducks or
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00221-00083703-00083975 ducklings so I'm gonna write them down
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00222-00083976-00084281 some of those things that we learned so
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00223-00084282-00084635 that you and I can do some writing on
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00224-00084636-00085001 our own using what we learned over the
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00225-00085002-00085409 past week so right now I want you to
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00226-00085410-00085622 really take some time to think about all
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00227-00085623-00085862 those things that we've learned and when
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00228-00085863-00086111 I ask you you're gonna go ahead and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00229-00086112-00086330 shout out what you learned you're gonna
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00230-00086331-00086618 say I learned and I will listen and I'll
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00231-00086619-00086834 be writing down things that we learned
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00232-00086835-00087053 okay so take some time right now and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00233-00087054-00087278 think point to your brain if it helps
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00234-00087279-00087587 you think about all those things we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00235-00087588-00088850 learned about baby animals
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00236-00088851-00089131 okay yeah go ahead and shop them out
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00237-00089132-00089455 tight me and I will be listening Wow
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00238-00089456-00090286 oh my goodness
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00239-00090287-00090673 kindergartners tiny and I heard so many
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00240-00090674-00091036 wonderful thoughts that you are learning
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00241-00091037-00091372 about baby even though this week instead
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00242-00091373-00091567 of writing it over here I'm actually
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00243-00091568-00091800 gonna write it on a paper and hold it up
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00244-00091801-00092110 so you can see it even better thing was
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00245-00092111-00092588 we learned about baby animals tiny and I
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00246-00092589-00092974 heard the hum kindergartners say that
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00247-00092975-00093325 they learned baby animals learn to do
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00248-00093326-00093835 things from their parents so here I drew
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00249-00093836-00094261 a little baby penguin chick learning how
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00250-00094262-00094618 to swim that's something that we learned
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00251-00094619-00095013 in our reading non-fiction books this
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00252-00095014-00095653 week baby animals learn to do things
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00253-00095654-00096256 from their parents Wow tigey and I also
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00254-00096257-00096592 heard kindergartners talk about how they
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00255-00096593-00097180 learned that chicks and ducklings hatch
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00256-00097181-00097680 from eggs both chicks and ducklings
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00257-00097681-00097999 hatch from eggs so we have a little
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00258-00098000-00098392 attic here and finally Tai Chi and I
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00259-00098393-00098668 heard kindergarteners say that they
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00260-00098669-00099200 learned that penguins and ducks grow new
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00261-00099201-00099823 feathers when they get bigger so here we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00262-00099824-00100054 have a little duckling starting to grow
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00263-00100055-00100337 some new feathers as it's getting bigger
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00264-00100338-00100662 Wow kindergartners look at all of these
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00265-00100663-00101069 facts we have learned about baby animals
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00266-00101070-00101455 let's read our list together to help us
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00267-00101456-00101713 remember all of these wonderful facts I
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00268-00101714-00102049 will point and we can read together
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00269-00102050-00102714 ready here we go things we learned about
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00270-00102715-00103480 baby animals baby animals learn to do
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00271-00103481-00104076 things from their parents like swim
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00272-00104077-00104631 chicks and ducklings hatch from eggs
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00273-00104632-00105001 just like this one and finally we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00274-00105002-00105568 learned penguins and ducks grow new
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00275-00105569-00106042 feathers when they get bigger just like
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00276-00106043-00106257 this little duckling right here
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00277-00106258-00106615 Wow kindergartners those are some great
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00278-00106616-00107089 facts about baby animals and I also
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00279-00107090-00107404 heard other facts that kindergartners
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00280-00107405-00107486 learn too
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00281-00107488-00107818 there are so many we just had room for
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00282-00107819-00108115 those three right now okay now it's time
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00283-00108116-00108541 for us to do already so like I said in
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00284-00108542-00108751 your extension activities you have a
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00285-00108752-00109048 paper that has room for you to do
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00286-00109049-00109303 today's writing about reading alright
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00287-00109304-00109540 but if you don't have the extension
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00288-00109541-00109816 activities don't worry I don't have it
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00289-00109817-00110053 either so I'm gonna just use a blank
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00290-00110054-00110326 piece of paper to do my rating about
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00291-00110327-00110650 reading on all right freighters ready
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00292-00110651-00110974 the first thing good writers always do
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00293-00110975-00111325 it's right there and named and the date
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00294-00111326-00111607 on their paper you got it
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00295-00111608-00111909 so first things first I'm going to write
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00296-00111910-00112458 my name miss Blanche I'm I'll go ahead
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00297-00112459-00113002 and write today's date now today is May
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00298-00113003-00113146 1st
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00299-00113147-00113893 so I will write 5 - 1 - 20 now let's
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00300-00113894-00114145 think back to all of those facts that we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00301-00114146-00114622 learned about baby animals I think I'm
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00302-00114623-00114928 going to write that I learned chicks and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00303-00114929-00115083 ducklings
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00304-00115083-00115413 from eggs because I thought that was a
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00305-00115414-00115709 really interesting facts that so I will
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00306-00115710-00116222 right Shh
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00307-00116223-00116552 I'll make sure I have a finger space
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00308-00116553-00117257 chicks in hand
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00309-00117258-00117593 [Music]
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00310-00117594-00117840 Wow thanks for helping me use this
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00311-00117841-00118133 bounce that we care to raid our words
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00312-00118133-00119525 chicks and ducklings hatch finger speed
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00313-00119526-00120399 we know that one from hey not the end of
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00314-00120400-00120693 my sentence I'll make sure that I put
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00315-00120694-00121326 you got it a period let's reread to make
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00316-00121327-00121604 sure that it makes sense chicks and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00317-00121605-00122253 ducklings hatch from eggs great and then
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00318-00122254-00122463 I heard some more room here on my paper
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00319-00122464-00122880 so I'm gonna add you know but I'm gonna
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00320-00122881-00123105 add I really thought that this week
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00321-00123106-00123429 learning about baby animals was so fun
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00322-00123430-00123761 so I'm gonna make that learning about
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00323-00123763-00126226 baby animals is fun baby animals
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00324-00126227-00127247 is that one fun at the end of my
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00325-00127248-00127514 sentence be learning about baby animals
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00326-00127515-00127853 it's fun my voice gets excited so I'm
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00327-00127854-00128345 gonna add an exclamation point now we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00328-00128346-00128543 also know that good writers drag
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00329-00128544-00128884 pictures and leave all their pictures so
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00330-00128885-00129136 that their writing is clear and has
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00331-00129138-00129497 detail so here I said chicks and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00332-00129498-00129947 ducklings hatched from eggs learning at
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00333-00129948-00130418 baby animals is fun so I'm gonna go
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00334-00130419-00130739 ahead up here and draw some eggs because
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00335-00130740-00131066 I learned that both chicks and ducklings
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00336-00131067-00131434 hatched from eggs and maybe all makes
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00337-00131435-00131726 ice here because I learned that chicks
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00338-00131727-00132374 live in a sea cold places egg I'll add
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00339-00132375-00132722 an e here from a label because that's an
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00340-00132723-00133076 egg Wow kindergartners thank you for
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00341-00133077-00133319 your help to make sure that my writing
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00342-00133320-00133703 makes sense has a capital letter to
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00343-00133704-00133904 start and a period at the end of a
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00344-00133905-00134282 sentence has a drawing with a label it
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00345-00134283-00134687 has my name and the date so
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00346-00134688-00134921 kindergarteners now it's your turn I
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00347-00134922-00135155 want you to go ahead and get your paper
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00348-00135156-00135403 or extension activities and get started
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00349-00135404-00135674 writing some of those facts that we
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00350-00135675-00135950 learned together today all about baby
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00351-00135951-00136409 animals and all week I am so proud of
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00352-00136410-00136733 your hard work this week and I want to
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00353-00136734-00136970 tell you that you were all doing such a
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00354-00136971-00137261 good job being non fiction readers and
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00355-00137262-00137329 writers
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00356-00137330-00137603 Taiki and I will see you next week for
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00357-00137604-00137855 more making meaning lessons keep up the
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00358-00137856-00138076 great work
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00359-00138077-00139049 [Music]
+5C1yjRRUwT8-00360-00139050-00139359 [Music]
+5C9fxIgnBII-00000-00000097-00001917 [Music]
+5C9fxIgnBII-00001-00001918-00002306 the 14th of July is the day of is a
+5C9fxIgnBII-00002-00002307-00002546 national day in France and on that day
+5C9fxIgnBII-00003-00002547-00002840 people gather every where in the country
+5C9fxIgnBII-00004-00002841-00003235 to to have feast with fireworks and so
+5C9fxIgnBII-00005-00003236-00003545 on and on that very special day a man in
+5C9fxIgnBII-00006-00003546-00003979 Nitza killed over 80 people in a most
+5C9fxIgnBII-00007-00003980-00004304 cruel way and a few days after during
+5C9fxIgnBII-00008-00004305-00004670 the summer Catholic priest was killed in
+5C9fxIgnBII-00009-00004671-00005216 his church by two men were acting for
+5C9fxIgnBII-00010-00005217-00005641 Isis this was the third wave of
+5C9fxIgnBII-00011-00005642-00006041 terrorist attacks in forms did this even
+5C9fxIgnBII-00012-00006042-00006413 change anything to to the country I see
+5C9fxIgnBII-00013-00006414-00006623 three things that have really changed
+5C9fxIgnBII-00014-00006623-00007045 for friends the first one is that it was
+5C9fxIgnBII-00015-00007047-00007306 the end of the political consensus about
+5C9fxIgnBII-00016-00007308-00007684 the way to fight terrorism when we had
+5C9fxIgnBII-00017-00007686-00008080 the first attacks on Sharlee abdo the
+5C9fxIgnBII-00018-00008081-00008378 reaction of the political world was
+5C9fxIgnBII-00019-00008379-00008630 unanimous we had to face together and
+5C9fxIgnBII-00020-00008631-00008999 have no political division this summer
+5C9fxIgnBII-00021-00009000-00009370 this thing ended because the political
+5C9fxIgnBII-00022-00009371-00009814 conflict was very hard in the days after
+5C9fxIgnBII-00023-00009815-00010301 this late attack that's one thing we are
+5C9fxIgnBII-00024-00010302-00010730 not able anymore to say that we have a
+5C9fxIgnBII-00025-00010731-00011270 common reaction on this matter the
+5C9fxIgnBII-00026-00011271-00011705 second point is that it was an attack
+5C9fxIgnBII-00027-00011706-00012016 the first really religious attack
+5C9fxIgnBII-00028-00012017-00012406 against a Catholic priest so the target
+5C9fxIgnBII-00029-00012407-00012874 was a religious symbol and for the first
+5C9fxIgnBII-00030-00012875-00013159 time also the Catholic Church and the
+5C9fxIgnBII-00031-00013160-00013312 Muslim
+5C9fxIgnBII-00032-00013313-00013585 sentatives had to react together and
+5C9fxIgnBII-00033-00013586-00013786 what they did is that the made a
+5C9fxIgnBII-00034-00013787-00014125 statement inviting Muslims to get to the
+5C9fxIgnBII-00035-00014126-00014461 church on the next Sunday to have common
+5C9fxIgnBII-00036-00014462-00014788 prayer with Catholics and that's what
+5C9fxIgnBII-00037-00014788-00015076 they did it was really an interesting
+5C9fxIgnBII-00038-00015077-00015397 thing the third thing that changed
+5C9fxIgnBII-00039-00015397-00015775 really is that it was the end of any
+5C9fxIgnBII-00040-00015776-00016016 political debate about the state of
+5C9fxIgnBII-00041-00016018-00016387 emergency because we had new roles in
+5C9fxIgnBII-00042-00016388-00016771 France to try to fight terrorism and
+5C9fxIgnBII-00043-00016772-00017155 these new laws are we don't know if they
+5C9fxIgnBII-00044-00017156-00017557 are in fact effective but for sure they
+5C9fxIgnBII-00045-00017558-00018069 are very different from the usual laws
+5C9fxIgnBII-00046-00018070-00018631 and the French tradition of action and
+5C9fxIgnBII-00047-00018632-00018874 earth unfortunately it's now very
+5C9fxIgnBII-00048-00018875-00019261 difficult to have a debate on the effect
+5C9fxIgnBII-00049-00019262-00019717 of these decision now will there be any
+5C9fxIgnBII-00050-00019718-00019987 political consequence of these terrorist
+5C9fxIgnBII-00051-00019988-00020253 attacks I think it's too early to know
+5C9fxIgnBII-00052-00020254-00020607 we'll have presidential election in
+5C9fxIgnBII-00053-00020608-00021049 around six months of course it's very
+5C9fxIgnBII-00054-00021050-00021295 difficult for the French president
+5C9fxIgnBII-00055-00021296-00021580 because his outcome is not good with
+5C9fxIgnBII-00056-00021581-00021826 terrorism but at the same time people
+5C9fxIgnBII-00057-00021827-00022033 have the feeling that anybody else would
+5C9fxIgnBII-00058-00022034-00022479 have the same problems answering this
+5C9fxIgnBII-00059-00022480-00022761 this challenge so it's a bit too early
+5C9fxIgnBII-00060-00022762-00023067 to say if we there will be any political
+5C9fxIgnBII-00061-00023068-00023295 consequences
+5C9fxIgnBII-00062-00023296-00025357 [Music]
+5C9fxIgnBII-00063-00025358-00025446 you
+5C9fxIgnBII-00064-00025447-00026064 [Music]
+5CCR0nzFEou-00000-00000000-00000245 ladies and gentlemen esteemed the
+5CCR0nzFEou-00001-00000246-00000461 colleagues and fellow kubernetes
+5CCR0nzFEou-00002-00000462-00000628 enthusiasts
+5CCR0nzFEou-00003-00000629-00000886 we have reached the end of a kubernetes
+5CCR0nzFEou-00004-00000888-00001295 edge day here at cubican Europe 2023.
+5CCR0nzFEou-00005-00001296-00001691 as we close the enlightening event I
+5CCR0nzFEou-00006-00001692-00001925 would like to take a few moments to
+5CCR0nzFEou-00007-00001926-00002231 reflect on our shared experience and
+5CCR0nzFEou-00008-00002232-00002602 Express gratitude to anyone and everyone
+5CCR0nzFEou-00009-00002603-00002981 who has contributed to its success
+5CCR0nzFEou-00010-00002982-00003274 first and foremost I would like to
+5CCR0nzFEou-00011-00003275-00003581 extend our sing series The thanks to the
+5CCR0nzFEou-00012-00003582-00003922 event organizers speakers and panelists
+5CCR0nzFEou-00013-00003923-00004235 who have worked tirelessly to put
+5CCR0nzFEou-00014-00004236-00004475 together this engaging and informative
+5CCR0nzFEou-00015-00004476-00004601 program
+5CCR0nzFEou-00016-00004602-00004883 your dedication and passion have
+5CCR0nzFEou-00017-00004884-00005152 undoubtedly enriched our understanding
+5CCR0nzFEou-00018-00005153-00005459 of kubernetes and its applications in
+5CCR0nzFEou-00019-00005460-00005645 Edge computing
+5CCR0nzFEou-00020-00005646-00005956 throughout the day we have the privilege
+5CCR0nzFEou-00021-00005957-00006281 to learn from the brightest Minds in our
+5CCR0nzFEou-00022-00006282-00006532 community as they share that their
+5CCR0nzFEou-00023-00006533-00006859 insights on the latest chance
+5CCR0nzFEou-00024-00006859-00007127 developments and Innovations in
+5CCR0nzFEou-00025-00007128-00007391 kubernetes and Edge computing
+5CCR0nzFEou-00026-00007392-00007805 we have explored key topics such as
+5CCR0nzFEou-00027-00007806-00008184 Network latency data processing security
+5CCR0nzFEou-00028-00008186-00008513 and the benefits of deploying kubernetes
+5CCR0nzFEou-00029-00008514-00008653 at the edge
+5CCR0nzFEou-00030-00008654-00008927 these discussions have not only
+5CCR0nzFEou-00031-00008928-00009341 broadened our knowledge but also have
+5CCR0nzFEou-00032-00009342-00009659 inspired us to push the boundaries of
+5CCR0nzFEou-00033-00009660-00009917 what is possible in this rapidly
+5CCR0nzFEou-00034-00009918-00010145 evolving field
+5CCR0nzFEou-00035-00010146-00010492 moreover it has been heartening to see
+5CCR0nzFEou-00036-00010493-00010799 the collaboration and camaraderie
+5CCR0nzFEou-00037-00010800-00011237 amongst all attendees the exchange of
+5CCR0nzFEou-00038-00011238-00011328 ideas
+5CCR0nzFEou-00039-00011329-00011692 experience and best practice has
+5CCR0nzFEou-00040-00011693-00012053 fostered a sense of unity that is
+5CCR0nzFEou-00041-00012054-00012335 essential to the continued growth and
+5CCR0nzFEou-00042-00012336-00012569 success of the kubernetes and Edge
+5CCR0nzFEou-00043-00012570-00012785 Computing ecosystem
+5CCR0nzFEou-00044-00012786-00013157 as we conclude kubernetes Edge day let
+5CCR0nzFEou-00045-00013158-00013457 us not forget the importance of staying
+5CCR0nzFEou-00046-00013458-00013871 connected and engaged with our peers
+5CCR0nzFEou-00047-00013872-00014165 the conversations and collaborations we
+5CCR0nzFEou-00048-00014166-00014471 have today will continue to shape the
+5CCR0nzFEou-00049-00014472-00014797 future of kubernetes and Edge Computing
+5CCR0nzFEou-00050-00014797-00015161 automatically driving Innovation and
+5CCR0nzFEou-00051-00015162-00015388 fostering the adoption of these
+5CCR0nzFEou-00052-00015390-00015701 Technologies across various Industries
+5CCR0nzFEou-00053-00015702-00015994 in the coming weeks and months we're
+5CCR0nzFEou-00054-00015995-00016372 encourage you to apply the knowledge you
+5CCR0nzFEou-00055-00016373-00016643 gained here today and continue to share
+5CCR0nzFEou-00056-00016644-00017015 your experiences with the community The
+5CCR0nzFEou-00057-00017016-00017297 Continuous sense success of kubernetes
+5CCR0nzFEou-00058-00017298-00017633 and Edge Computing depends on our
+5CCR0nzFEou-00059-00017634-00017999 Collective efforts to learn innovate and
+5CCR0nzFEou-00060-00018000-00018125 grow together
+5CCR0nzFEou-00061-00018126-00018335 thank you once again for your
+5CCR0nzFEou-00062-00018336-00018689 participation in kubernetes Edge day and
+5CCR0nzFEou-00063-00018690-00019043 who become Europe 2023 we hope to see
+5CCR0nzFEou-00064-00019044-00019385 you at future events and we wish you the
+5CCR0nzFEou-00065-00019386-00019667 best in your endeavors as you continue
+5CCR0nzFEou-00066-00019668-00019991 to explore the endless possibilities
+5CCR0nzFEou-00067-00019992-00020267 that kubernetes and energy Computing
+5CCR0nzFEou-00068-00020268-00020629 have to offer thank you structure Cloud
+5CCR0nzFEou-00069-00020630-00021029 VMware Edge as the diamond sponsor
+5CCR0nzFEou-00070-00021030-00021464 safe travels and see you next time
+5DboVClhQtk-00000-00000263-00000587 hello everybody Welcome to Hearns
+5DboVClhQtk-00001-00000588-00000797 Southern Kitchen
+5DboVClhQtk-00002-00000798-00001031 um here I have a recipe for shrimp
+5DboVClhQtk-00003-00001032-00001120 creole
+5DboVClhQtk-00004-00001121-00001474 and I'm trying something new uh by
+5DboVClhQtk-00005-00001475-00001691 giving this presentation
+5DboVClhQtk-00006-00001692-00001930 and uh
+5DboVClhQtk-00007-00001932-00003245 hopefully it go well here
+5DboVClhQtk-00008-00003246-00004553 okay looks like we're getting somewhere
+5DboVClhQtk-00009-00004554-00004841 hopefully you guys will try this recipe
+5DboVClhQtk-00010-00004842-00005093 and
+5DboVClhQtk-00011-00005094-00005441 give me some good ratings behind it
+5DboVClhQtk-00012-00005442-00005945 because it's actually good
+5DboVClhQtk-00013-00005946-00006299 I think you'd be very pleased
+5DboVClhQtk-00014-00006300-00006592 that's if you eat seafood some people
+5DboVClhQtk-00015-00006593-00008578 don't eat seafood
+5DboVClhQtk-00016-00008579-00008891 it's gonna be the uh
+5DboVClhQtk-00017-00008892-00009191 four details on how
+5DboVClhQtk-00018-00009192-00009373 I fixed mine
+5DboVClhQtk-00020-00013631-00013985 okay folks that's then another thanks
+5DboVClhQtk-00021-00013986-00014244 and like I say this is
+5DboVClhQtk-00022-00014245-00014585 Hermes Southern Kitchen
+5DboVClhQtk-00023-00014586-00014872 you can follow me on IG
+5DboVClhQtk-00024-00014873-00015347 you can follow me on Facebook
+5DboVClhQtk-00025-00015347-00015602 because
+5EDPqRsVofy-00000-00000000-00000179 it's your boy the hot rod stew here and
+5EDPqRsVofy-00001-00000180-00000311 today we're going to be logging in
+5EDPqRsVofy-00002-00000312-00000545 another entry to The Quirk registry by
+5EDPqRsVofy-00003-00000546-00001050 Examining The Quirk twin impact
+5EDPqRsVofy-00004-00001051-00001277 [Music]
+5EDPqRsVofy-00005-00001278-00001474 twin impact is an emitter type Quirk
+5EDPqRsVofy-00006-00001475-00001618 that allows the user to create an
+5EDPqRsVofy-00007-00001619-00001810 additional impact the user of this Quirk
+5EDPqRsVofy-00008-00001811-00002110 is the UA student of class 1B dirigeki
+5EDPqRsVofy-00009-00002111-00002284 shoda he also goes by the hero name
+5EDPqRsVofy-00010-00002285-00002513 mines as a hero in training mine
+5EDPqRsVofy-00011-00002514-00002692 surprisingly made really efficient use
+5EDPqRsVofy-00012-00002693-00002902 out of this very simple Quirk the name
+5EDPqRsVofy-00013-00002903-00003083 of this Quirk is really basic so it's
+5EDPqRsVofy-00014-00003084-00003215 not too difficult to figure out the
+5EDPqRsVofy-00015-00003215-00003431 meaning behind it the word twin implies
+5EDPqRsVofy-00016-00003432-00003659 double or two of the same thing somewhat
+5EDPqRsVofy-00017-00003660-00003886 similar to how human twins look alike in
+5EDPqRsVofy-00018-00003888-00004067 this case it means that with one touch
+5EDPqRsVofy-00019-00004068-00004331 two impacts are created the impact part
+5EDPqRsVofy-00020-00004332-00004547 is also pretty self-explanatory it's
+5EDPqRsVofy-00021-00004548-00004709 basically just the force of two things
+5EDPqRsVofy-00022-00004710-00004913 colliding for example you would create
+5EDPqRsVofy-00023-00004914-00005099 an impact if you hit a wall the
+5EDPqRsVofy-00024-00005100-00005333 dictionary definition of impact is the
+5EDPqRsVofy-00025-00005334-00005525 action of one object coming forcibly
+5EDPqRsVofy-00026-00005526-00005735 into contact with another and with that
+5EDPqRsVofy-00027-00005736-00005879 the name of this Quirk makes the
+5EDPqRsVofy-00028-00005880-00006101 function much more obvious whenever mind
+5EDPqRsVofy-00029-00006102-00006304 hits an object he creates two impacts
+5EDPqRsVofy-00030-00006305-00006509 simultaneously which makes them twins
+5EDPqRsVofy-00031-00006509-00006701 the first impact is a regular one that
+5EDPqRsVofy-00032-00006702-00006905 you or I could make easily the second
+5EDPqRsVofy-00033-00006906-00007114 one is created in the same place as the
+5EDPqRsVofy-00034-00007115-00007270 first one but mines can activate it when
+5EDPqRsVofy-00035-00007272-00007564 never he chooses to a perfect example is
+5EDPqRsVofy-00036-00007565-00007709 when Deku was hit with an attack and
+5EDPqRsVofy-00037-00007709-00007859 while he was running away he was hit
+5EDPqRsVofy-00038-00007859-00008039 with a second impact out of nowhere
+5EDPqRsVofy-00039-00008040-00008249 that's the delayed effect that the user
+5EDPqRsVofy-00040-00008250-00008410 of this court can activate at their own
+5EDPqRsVofy-00041-00008411-00008639 discretion the second impact is multiple
+5EDPqRsVofy-00042-00008640-00008813 times stronger than the initial one and
+5EDPqRsVofy-00043-00008814-00008999 it's possible to leave multiple impacts
+5EDPqRsVofy-00044-00009000-00009191 at the same time this may be why
+5EDPqRsVofy-00045-00009192-00009449 niragaki shoda has the hero named Minds
+5EDPqRsVofy-00046-00009450-00009628 because he can set up a lot of traps in
+5EDPqRsVofy-00047-00009629-00009778 advance like one would lay out a
+5EDPqRsVofy-00048-00009779-00010006 Minefield mines uses his quirk in a
+5EDPqRsVofy-00049-00010007-00010187 really efficient way he's pretty good at
+5EDPqRsVofy-00050-00010188-00010342 analyzing battles and reading ahead of
+5EDPqRsVofy-00051-00010343-00010523 the situation which enhances the use of
+5EDPqRsVofy-00052-00010524-00010691 his abilities he was even able to keep
+5EDPqRsVofy-00053-00010692-00010864 up with the movements of Minetta when he
+5EDPqRsVofy-00054-00010865-00011038 was bouncing around on his balls while
+5EDPqRsVofy-00055-00011039-00011219 his only so much power he can cause on
+5EDPqRsVofy-00056-00011220-00011417 his own with one impact he can use his
+5EDPqRsVofy-00057-00011418-00011578 Quirk to increase the strength of his
+5EDPqRsVofy-00058-00011579-00011753 allies attack as well which makes him
+5EDPqRsVofy-00059-00011754-00011969 pretty good for support he also has used
+5EDPqRsVofy-00060-00011970-00012160 his Quirk to enhance his mobility in
+5EDPqRsVofy-00061-00012161-00012346 order to do things like jump higher and
+5EDPqRsVofy-00062-00012347-00012610 dash faster in terms of gear mindswares
+5EDPqRsVofy-00063-00012611-00012785 his device over his eye and gloves that
+5EDPqRsVofy-00064-00012786-00012935 allow him to keep track of all the
+5EDPqRsVofy-00065-00012936-00013108 places where he left in Impact so he
+5EDPqRsVofy-00066-00013109-00013241 could activate his Quirk at the most
+5EDPqRsVofy-00067-00013241-00013480 idea deal times a miscellaneous fact
+5EDPqRsVofy-00068-00013481-00013661 about this Quirk the device he wears
+5EDPqRsVofy-00069-00013662-00013853 over his eyes is very similar to a
+5EDPqRsVofy-00070-00013854-00014021 device used in the anime Dragon Ball Z
+5EDPqRsVofy-00071-00014022-00014249 known as scouters it's so similar that I
+5EDPqRsVofy-00072-00014250-00014411 would be surprised if someone confirmed
+5EDPqRsVofy-00073-00014412-00014585 that the scouter design had no influence
+5EDPqRsVofy-00074-00014586-00014836 on this design and a truly useless fact
+5EDPqRsVofy-00075-00014837-00015005 he may look chubby but he's actually
+5EDPqRsVofy-00076-00015006-00015233 quite fit during the UA sports festival
+5EDPqRsVofy-00077-00015234-00015472 he scored 33rd plays on the obstacle
+5EDPqRsVofy-00078-00015473-00015701 course while not openly using his Quirk
+5EDPqRsVofy-00079-00015702-00015916 that much I believe this Quirk is
+5EDPqRsVofy-00080-00015918-00016138 criminally underrated sure it may not
+5EDPqRsVofy-00081-00016140-00016330 have the immense powers of one for all
+5EDPqRsVofy-00082-00016331-00016517 or all for one but it can be quite
+5EDPqRsVofy-00083-00016518-00016727 useful for a variety of situations I
+5EDPqRsVofy-00084-00016728-00016858 could definitely see myself using a
+5EDPqRsVofy-00085-00016859-00017021 quirk like this because it would be very
+5EDPqRsVofy-00086-00017022-00017200 compatible with how I'd want to fight or
+5EDPqRsVofy-00087-00017201-00017399 be a hero whether I'm just providing
+5EDPqRsVofy-00088-00017400-00017567 support from my allies or getting in a
+5EDPqRsVofy-00089-00017568-00017800 1v1 or I have to use my brain to predict
+5EDPqRsVofy-00090-00017801-00017969 what's going to happen in the fight in
+5EDPqRsVofy-00091-00017970-00018130 order to place my impacts in the most
+5EDPqRsVofy-00092-00018131-00018353 optimal locations this Quirk would do me
+5EDPqRsVofy-00093-00018354-00018580 just fine however I will say that I'm
+5EDPqRsVofy-00094-00018581-00018755 not sure if I can use this Quirk as good
+5EDPqRsVofy-00095-00018756-00018935 as mine since he does take advantage of
+5EDPqRsVofy-00096-00018936-00019121 his small size while I'm a very large
+5EDPqRsVofy-00097-00019122-00019367 6-2 and with that I think we can
+5EDPqRsVofy-00098-00019368-00019630 officially commit twin impact to The
+5EDPqRsVofy-00099-00019631-00019985 Quirk registry
+5EDPqRsVofy-00100-00019986-00020141 if you like this video consider watching
+5EDPqRsVofy-00101-00020142-00020297 another one I talk about a variety of
+5EDPqRsVofy-00102-00020298-00020447 different topics on this channel mostly
+5EDPqRsVofy-00103-00020448-00020603 my hero right now so I hope to see you
+5EDPqRsVofy-00104-00020604-00020789 there this has been the hot rodster I'll
+5EDPqRsVofy-00105-00020790-00021151 see you in the next one peace out
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00000-00000097-00000463 this is a video about the empirical
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00001-00000465-00001124 distribution so imagine we have say an
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00002-00001125-00001352 infinite number of playing cards like
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00003-00001353-00001535 I'm holding in my hands here
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00004-00001536-00002131 that's the population and let me take an
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00005-00002132-00002741 iid sample from the population I'm going
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00006-00002742-00002972 to take a sample of size 4
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00007-00002973-00003151 I already shuffled so I'll just take the
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00008-00003152-00004954 top four cards I got a 9 3 6 so this is
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00009-00004955-00005486 the sample then the empirical
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00010-00005487-00005881 distribution treats the sample
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00011-00005882-00006506 essentially as a population so what I
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00012-00006506-00006721 mean by that in this case there are 4
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00013-00006722-00007163 cards so it imagines a population I'm
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00014-00007164-00007453 going to get rid of the original ones we
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00015-00007454-00007756 have more room the empirical
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00016-00007758-00008180 distribution is a distribution with four
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00017-00008181-00008546 possible values each with one-fourth
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00018-00008547-00009152 probability or 25% probability and we
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00019-00009153-00009634 can sample from that population or
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00020-00009635-00010178 empirical distribution so to take an iid
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00021-00010179-00010478 sample from the empirical distribution I
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00022-00010479-00010967 have enough all take a card it's a three
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00023-00010968-00011671 so I'll keep track down here green and
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00024-00011672-00012773 put it back in a form up again nine
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00025-00012774-00013812 I'll be back in shuffle my gun six put
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00026-00013813-00014438 it back in oh my god
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00027-00014438-00015453 nine again and so on so just to point
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00028-00015454-00016026 now even though nine is only found once
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00029-00016027-00016353 in the sample when we think of the
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00030-00016354-00016746 empirical distribution each card could
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00031-00016747-00017019 be sampled multiple times from the
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00032-00017020-00017292 population for example we have nine here
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00033-00017293-00017544 twice if we kept going we'd get more
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00034-00017545-00017847 threes and more sixes and eventually we
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00035-00017848-00018270 would get some fives also with very high
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00036-00018271-00018639 probability at least so that's the idea
+5FjUkzA5mJy-00037-00018640-00019212 of what the empirical distribution is
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00000-00000072-00000383 [Music]
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00001-00000384-00000574 if you find an idea
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00002-00000575-00000839 that requires three or four years of
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00003-00000840-00000919 improvement
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00004-00000919-00001191 and patience and really sticking with it
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00005-00001192-00001343 that we're very good at that
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00006-00001344-00001591 take windows which we bet our company on
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00007-00001592-00001814 everybody who doubted that would succeed
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00008-00001816-00002087 ibm did not support us in that uh it
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00009-00002088-00002126 took
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00010-00002127-00002391 longer than we expected uh over four
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00011-00002392-00002623 years before finally graphical interface
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00012-00002624-00002718 got popular
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00013-00002719-00002871 and now people take it for granted as
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00014-00002872-00003039 part of every personal computer and you
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00015-00003040-00003102 just
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00016-00003103-00003343 you just expect it to be there that was
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00017-00003344-00003503 one of the grand successes of the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00018-00003504-00003575 company
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00019-00003576-00003735 in the same way we're betting on the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00020-00003736-00003943 internet that our tools there will be
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00021-00003944-00004022 popular
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00022-00004023-00004231 and that a few of these content plays
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00023-00004232-00004463 that we've decided to get involved in
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00025-00004768-00004838 those
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00026-00004839-00005295 great businesses
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00027-00005296-00005511 i'm in meetings a lot my calendar gets
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00028-00005512-00005599 very full
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00029-00005600-00005854 with those and then at night after the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00030-00005855-00006070 kids have gone to bed on on email
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00031-00006071-00006318 a great deal i get messages during the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00032-00006319-00006454 day that's my chance to give long
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00033-00006455-00006670 responses and then over the weekend
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00034-00006672-00007006 i i send a lot of mail as well as well
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00035-00007008-00007263 i take two weeks a year to just go off
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00036-00007264-00007431 and read and think where i'm not
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00037-00007431-00007623 interrupted by work or anything else i'm
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00038-00007623-00007870 just solidly trying to think about the
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00040-00007992-00008199 people get to send me things to read as
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00041-00008200-00008319 part of that so-called
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00042-00008320-00008591 think week so it's a nice mix of things
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00043-00008592-00008703 about 25
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00044-00008704-00008959 of the time that i'm out uh traveling
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00045-00008960-00009174 around meeting with customers europe
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00046-00009175-00009455 uh asia and that sort of helps me think
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00047-00009456-00009503 okay
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00048-00009504-00009695 do we have the right priorities what
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00049-00009696-00009871 what are people responding well to and
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00050-00009872-00009967 what would they
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00051-00009968-00010156 they like to see us do better
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00052-00010157-00010510 [Music]
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00053-00010511-00010806 oh his sense of design that everything
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00054-00010807-00011014 had to fit a certain aesthetic
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00055-00011015-00011238 the fact that he with this little
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00056-00011239-00011431 engineering background as he had
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00057-00011432-00011631 you know it shows that design can lead
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00058-00011632-00011831 you in a good direction
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00059-00011832-00012142 and so phenomenal products came out he
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00060-00012143-00012246 knew about
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00061-00012247-00012551 bran i mean in the in very positive
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00062-00012552-00012599 sense
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00063-00012600-00012855 he he understood he had an intuitive
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00064-00012856-00013158 sense for marketing that was
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00065-00013159-00013266 amazing
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00066-00013268-00013679 [Music]
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00067-00013680-00013886 you can't just keep doing the same old
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00068-00013887-00014047 thing you were doing before
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00069-00014047-00014271 you have to take your skills and attack
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00070-00014272-00014438 the new frontiers
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00071-00014440-00014638 for example graphical interface used to
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00072-00014640-00014879 be outside the operating system
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00073-00014880-00015030 and so there were many people doing
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00074-00015031-00015199 those systems uh
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00075-00015200-00015535 windows came out ahead there and now it
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00076-00015536-00015638 comes with
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00077-00015640-00015943 the operating system uh likewise the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00078-00015944-00016143 the browser is something that netscape
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00079-00016144-00016335 looked at turning the browser into an
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00080-00016336-00016527 operating system and we looked at
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00081-00016528-00016750 taking our operating system and building
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00082-00016751-00016855 the browser in an
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00083-00016856-00017158 integrated fashion and so that was a
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00084-00017159-00017335 good example of the kind of competition
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00085-00017336-00017567 that spurs this business on
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00086-00017568-00017863 [Music]
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00087-00017864-00018135 hello i'm bill gates chairman of
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00088-00018136-00018335 microsoft
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00089-00018336-00018543 in this video you're going to see the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00090-00018544-00018686 future
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00091-00018687-00019079 windows microsoft first came up with the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00092-00019080-00019191 windows concept
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00093-00019192-00019519 back in 1983 and today
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00094-00019520-00019783 the leading software users have switched
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00095-00019784-00020007 into the windows environment
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00096-00020008-00020286 it's really incredible how quickly our
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00097-00020287-00020439 powerful applications
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00098-00020440-00020750 like word and excel and powerpoint
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00099-00020751-00021007 have been adopted it's not just
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00100-00021008-00021167 microsoft applications
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00101-00021168-00021375 even companies like wordperfect and
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00102-00021376-00021583 lotus have now come out with windows
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00103-00021584-00021703 applications
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00104-00021704-00021950 and every week we see new innovative
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00105-00021951-00022055 work
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00106-00022056-00022230 it's really attracting all the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00107-00022231-00022550 innovation in the industry
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00108-00022551-00022863 we predicted this a long time ago
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00109-00022864-00023430 and now it's the future
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00110-00023431-00023614 the key point there is you've got to
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00111-00023615-00023871 enjoy what you do every day
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00112-00023872-00024094 and for me that's working with very
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00113-00024095-00024214 smart people
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00114-00024215-00024414 it's working on new problems you know
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00115-00024415-00024535 every time we think
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00116-00024536-00024694 hey we've had a little bit of success
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00117-00024695-00024878 we're pretty careful not to dwell on it
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00118-00024879-00025007 too much because
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00119-00025008-00025471 the bar gets raped
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00120-00025472-00025799 i think throughout our history we wake
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00122-00025944-00026279 that in the business of technology
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00123-00026280-00026518 you have to think about what are you
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00125-00026768-00026862 feedback
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00126-00026863-00027023 that you should be paying more attention
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00127-00027024-00027190 to and how do you keep that pace of
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00128-00027191-00027302 innovation
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00129-00027304-00027455 very very high how do you make sure
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00130-00027456-00027670 you're hiring the very best people
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00131-00027672-00027935 and that kind of focus has helped drive
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00132-00027936-00028118 us forward through all the milestones
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00133-00028119-00028270 the company has had
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00134-00028272-00028446 certainly the internet is is a great
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00135-00028447-00028646 example of that we had to
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00136-00028647-00028958 uh tear up our our plans and
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00137-00028960-00029255 and step back and say well how do we how
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00138-00029256-00029295 do we
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00139-00029295-00029543 really embrace all that's good about the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00140-00029544-00029614 internet
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00141-00029616-00029807 and recognize some of the shortcomings
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00142-00029808-00030014 and make sure we're leading the way
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00143-00030016-00030335 in reducing what what has held people
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00144-00030336-00031169 away from the internet
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00145-00031170-00031574 [Music]
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00146-00031575-00031879 if you find an idea that requires
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00147-00031880-00032135 three or four years of improvement and
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00148-00032136-00032383 patience and really sticking with it
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00149-00032383-00032567 that we're very good at that take
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00151-00032791-00033023 everybody who doubted that would succeed
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00152-00033024-00033279 ibm did not support us in that
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00153-00033280-00033567 it took longer than we expected over
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00154-00033568-00033687 four years before
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00155-00033688-00033918 finally graphical interface got popular
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00156-00033919-00034079 and now people take it for granted it's
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00157-00034080-00034246 part of every personal computer and you
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00158-00034247-00034311 just
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00159-00034312-00034543 you just expect it to be there that was
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00162-00034775-00034943 in the same way we're betting on the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00163-00034944-00035143 internet that our tools there will be
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00165-00035232-00035439 and that a few of these content plays
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00166-00035440-00035671 that we've decided to get involved in
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00170-00036503-00036711 i'm in meetings a lot my calendar gets
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+5MlIb7BwMeI-00172-00036808-00037062 with those and then at night after the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00173-00037063-00037183 kids have gone to bed i'm
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00174-00037184-00037487 on email a great deal i get get messages
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00175-00037488-00037639 during the day that's my chance to give
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00176-00037640-00037883 long responses and then over the weekend
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00177-00037884-00038215 i send a lot of mail as well as well
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00178-00038216-00038471 i take two weeks a year to just go off
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00179-00038472-00038639 and read and think where i'm not
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00180-00038640-00038823 interrupted by work or anything else i'm
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00181-00038824-00039079 just solidly trying to think about the
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00182-00039080-00039190 future and
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00183-00039191-00039399 people get to send me things to read as
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00184-00039400-00039527 part of that so-called
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00185-00039528-00039799 think week so it's a nice mix of things
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00186-00039800-00039911 about 25
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00187-00039912-00040167 of the time that i'm out uh traveling
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00188-00040168-00040311 around meeting with customers
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00189-00040312-00040630 europe uh asia and that sort of helps me
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00190-00040631-00040702 think okay
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00191-00040703-00040902 do we have the right priorities what
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00192-00040903-00041079 what are people responding well to and
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00193-00041080-00041174 what would they
+5MlIb7BwMeI-00194-00041175-00041936 they like to see us do better
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00000-00000024-00000326 foreign
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00001-00000327-00003274 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00002-00003275-00003702 what's up
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00003-00003703-00005022 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00004-00005023-00007187 okay cheers
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00006-00013328-00013591 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00007-00013591-00014171 hold him up
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00008-00014172-00016666 foreign
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00009-00016667-00017597 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00010-00017598-00017757 thank you
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00011-00017758-00018611 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00012-00018612-00019357 foreign
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00013-00019358-00020241 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00014-00020242-00021149 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00015-00021150-00021305 thank you
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00016-00021306-00021451 foreign
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00018-00024674-00024905 [Laughter]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00019-00024906-00025040 [Applause]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00020-00025041-00025763 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00021-00025764-00025887 [Applause]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00022-00025888-00026061 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00023-00026062-00026363 [Applause]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00024-00026364-00027444 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00025-00027445-00027783 [Applause]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00026-00027783-00028111 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00027-00028112-00028318 all right
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00028-00028319-00029201 now go hey yeah
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00029-00029202-00030683 oh no no no no no no no no
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00030-00030683-00031924 I can't get it
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00033-00039246-00040100 foreign
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00034-00040101-00042707 [Laughter]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00035-00042708-00043589 foreign
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00036-00043590-00044046 foreign
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00037-00044047-00044414 [Applause]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00038-00044415-00046349 [Laughter]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00040-00049691-00049805 thank you
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00041-00049806-00050851 foreign
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00042-00050852-00051961 [Music]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00043-00051962-00052288 no no
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00044-00052289-00052491 no no no no no
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00046-00056101-00056538 hi kichu hi multi
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00047-00056539-00057438 happily whatever hey
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00048-00057439-00059916 over here
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00049-00059917-00061182 [Applause]
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00050-00061183-00062999 I hold him up
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00052-00066527-00067306 everyone
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00053-00067307-00067541 uh-huh
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00054-00067542-00069473 uh isn't that much hello
+5N8aTfeoEbY-00055-00069474-00069727 foreign
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00000-00000165-00001679 [Music]
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00001-00001680-00001910 all right hi everyone my name is liam
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00002-00001911-00002102 from fit mind and i'm here with delson
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00003-00002103-00002279 armstrong today
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00004-00002280-00002487 delson's a very advanced meditator and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00005-00002488-00002591 we're going to be talking about the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00006-00002592-00002791 neuroscience of some of these different
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00007-00002792-00003047 meditation traditions and techniques
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00008-00003048-00003231 specifically yoga and buddhist
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00009-00003232-00003470 meditation and there have been some
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00010-00003471-00003638 exciting neuroscience studies on
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00011-00003639-00003790 delsin's brain
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00012-00003792-00004006 who when he's entering some of these
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00013-00004007-00004286 rare altered states of consciousness so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00014-00004287-00004479 we're going to also discuss those
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00015-00004480-00004679 neuroscience studies that are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00016-00004680-00004935 just being conducted the results
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00017-00004936-00005102 as i understand it just came out
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00018-00005103-00005343 recently or the initial findings
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00019-00005344-00005543 so to start delsin
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00020-00005544-00005711 if you could just walk us through
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00021-00005712-00005863 beginning with yoga because i know that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00022-00005864-00006086 was one of your earliest practices
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00023-00006087-00006263 what does that entail what's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00024-00006264-00006399 the science behind it and your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00025-00006400-00006719 experience of that intensive practice
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00026-00006720-00006806 sure
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00027-00006808-00007223 well uh let me start with saying that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00028-00007223-00007463 i started out with hatha yoga in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00029-00007464-00007734 beginning and hatha yoga was an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00030-00007736-00007934 interesting thing because it was a lot
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00031-00007936-00008103 of different kinds of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00032-00008104-00008319 maneuvers physical maneuvers physical
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00033-00008320-00008471 postures
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00034-00008472-00008655 that created a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00035-00008656-00008983 a very interesting euphoric feeling in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00036-00008984-00009287 in the body and in the brain so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00037-00009288-00009510 coming out of that session first time
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00038-00009511-00009751 was like i was floating in the air that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00039-00009752-00009967 was the subjective feeling
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00040-00009968-00010142 that really interested me in this whole
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00041-00010143-00010478 idea of you know what can yoga do and is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00042-00010479-00010663 there more beyond it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00043-00010664-00010831 so i was introduced to different
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00044-00010832-00011023 techniques of yoga different kinds of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00045-00011024-00011310 yoga and i had a chance to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00046-00011311-00011510 study with some teachers
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00047-00011511-00011623 with
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00048-00011624-00011974 with the yoga sutras of patanjali as the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00049-00011975-00012151 resource
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00050-00012152-00012391 and what i noticed was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00051-00012392-00012703 with yoga it's really all about
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00052-00012704-00012919 centering the mind around
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00053-00012919-00013166 one particular object
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00054-00013168-00013430 and then to the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00055-00013431-00013743 to to make it a singular focus so that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00056-00013744-00014030 nothing else is in the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00057-00014031-00014199 and there's different ways of doing that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00058-00014200-00014375 for example you could use a syllable
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00059-00014376-00014575 like a mantra like ohm
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00060-00014576-00014838 or you can focus your attention on what
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00061-00014840-00015015 they say is the third eye in the middle
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00062-00015016-00015294 of the forehead
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00063-00015295-00015399 you know
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00064-00015400-00015558 and then other kinds of things like that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00065-00015559-00015847 so these are all centering techniques
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00066-00015847-00016103 and there are different um steps in this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00067-00016104-00016415 process of yoga and it starts up with
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00068-00016416-00016622 what's known as pratihara
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00069-00016623-00016911 goes into dharana then dhyana and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00070-00016912-00017127 samadhi
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00071-00017128-00017511 pratihara is all about withdrawing the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00072-00017512-00017830 the senses and centering them around
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00073-00017831-00018135 centering the mind around an object
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00074-00018136-00018350 dharana is the beginning of really
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00075-00018351-00018558 starting to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00076-00018559-00018783 uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00077-00018784-00019055 put the mind focused around that object
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00078-00019056-00019207 and then the result of that is what's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00079-00019208-00019358 known as dhyana
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00080-00019359-00019535 or a concentration
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00081-00019536-00019750 and then from there is the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00082-00019751-00020030 samadhi in this case samadhi
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00083-00020031-00020239 has a different connotation within yoga
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00084-00020240-00020599 as compared to let's say buddhism
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00085-00020600-00020871 because in this practice samadhi is the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00086-00020872-00021286 fruition or fruit of the path of yoga in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00087-00021287-00021455 the yoga sutras
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00088-00021456-00021607 and there's all kinds of different
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00089-00021608-00021775 techniques that are given where you can
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00090-00021776-00022047 use something known as samyama which is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00091-00022048-00022447 using the dharuna the initial focusing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00092-00022448-00022614 the dhyana where the mind becomes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00093-00022615-00022847 concentrated and the samadhi these three
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00094-00022848-00023047 make up the samyama
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00095-00023048-00023271 and you can focus on different things to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00096-00023272-00023455 create different kinds of experiences in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00097-00023456-00023742 the body and and in the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00098-00023743-00023863 and there are different kinds of what
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00099-00023864-00024207 they call samadhi different kinds of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00100-00024208-00024391 levels of meditation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00101-00024392-00024519 in yoga
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00102-00024520-00024703 we have what's known as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00103-00024704-00024991 ananda samadhi bhava samadhi and these
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00104-00024992-00025135 are all different kinds of ways of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00105-00025136-00025367 experiencing happiness and bliss as they
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00106-00025368-00025439 say
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00107-00025440-00025662 that come from a very focused mind come
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00108-00025663-00025878 from a very focused mind and basically
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00109-00025879-00026118 what happens is as you focus your your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00110-00026119-00026407 mind around it it does become calm
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00111-00026408-00026687 and it becomes very quiet
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00112-00026688-00026862 and then from there you experience the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00113-00026863-00027046 sense of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00114-00027047-00027470 sense of self or sense of a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00115-00027472-00027783 self some kind of a separate identity to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00116-00027783-00028151 be on your body and and your mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00117-00028152-00028270 and that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00118-00028272-00028487 you know in the yoga sutras for example
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00119-00028488-00028774 it there's the first uh line is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00120-00028775-00029014 uh basically and now yoga meaning
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00121-00029016-00029239 introducing the practice of yoga
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00122-00029239-00029455 the second one is yoga
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00123-00029456-00029831 uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00124-00029832-00029990 which means
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00125-00029991-00030239 the cessation of mental activities is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00126-00030239-00030343 yoga
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00127-00030344-00030551 right the cessation of mental
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00128-00030552-00030799 fluctuation so the mind is not going
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00129-00030800-00031079 every which way right it's very or even
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00130-00031080-00031287 a cessation of any kind of mental
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00131-00031288-00031439 activity well yeah that's that's what i
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00132-00031439-00031583 was going to get at because the the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00133-00031583-00032055 third uh sutra in that says
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00134-00032056-00032318 which means then you see a true self
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00135-00032319-00032535 so there's an idea that you come to a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00136-00032536-00032790 point after having ceased
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00137-00032791-00032943 all of these mental activities in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00138-00032944-00033062 background
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00139-00033063-00033246 where there is a sense of self that the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00140-00033247-00033711 mind or you you experience so to speak
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00141-00033712-00034071 and that is known in yoga as the the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00142-00034072-00034335 purusa the soul or the spirit or the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00143-00034336-00034559 consciousness which then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00144-00034560-00034807 joins with what's known as prakrti which
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00145-00034808-00035055 is the super consciousness or the cosmic
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00146-00035056-00035151 force
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00147-00035152-00035455 yeah and that that's the union which
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00148-00035456-00035727 yoga really means to yok
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00149-00035728-00036030 right so to unite the small
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00150-00036031-00036287 soul with let's say the super soul
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00151-00036288-00036479 right and the subjective experience of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00152-00036480-00037023 that is where you suddenly have this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00153-00037024-00037279 almost a depersonalization of the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00154-00037280-00037502 and the body where you kind of have an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00155-00037503-00037695 experience that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00156-00037696-00038015 your body and your mind are within this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00157-00038016-00038255 container of consciousness and you are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00158-00038256-00038495 the universe experiencing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00159-00038496-00038735 uh this mind and body and so on so it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00160-00038736-00038951 like you've become you're witnessing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00161-00038952-00039207 metacognition in a sense your mind is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00162-00039208-00039502 now identified with that yeah as an as a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00163-00039503-00039695 new sense of self yeah and my
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00164-00039696-00039974 understanding is you've practiced this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00165-00039975-00040295 very intensively since you were young
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00166-00040296-00040502 you talked about
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00167-00040503-00040695 for example going into a cave and even
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00168-00040696-00040887 like a dark retreat experience and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00169-00040888-00041030 experiencing some of these things in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00170-00041031-00041279 himalayas and really manipulating your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00171-00041280-00041455 nervous system yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00172-00041456-00041646 could you explain a bit about your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00173-00041647-00041918 practice as you went through it yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00174-00041919-00042111 sure well while i was in the himalayas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00175-00042112-00042295 like you said the dark retreat uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00176-00042296-00042462 there's a there's a process known as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00177-00042463-00042743 kaio kalpa and it's actually a de-aging
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00178-00042744-00043007 process and it's based in uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00179-00043008-00043262 you know in indian science ancient
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00180-00043263-00043607 indian science known as siddha yoga
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00181-00043608-00043839 and in siddha yoga the idea is that you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00182-00043840-00044079 go through this like process of about 40
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00183-00044080-00044287 days to 90 days
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00184-00044288-00044487 where you're in a dark retreat so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00185-00044488-00044655 there's no light at all
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00186-00044656-00044830 and you're taking certain kinds of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00187-00044831-00045071 medicinal herbs
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00188-00045072-00045318 which come only from the himalayas and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00189-00045319-00045518 they cleanse the body they purge the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00190-00045519-00045774 body and they have some kind of a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00191-00045775-00046079 effect on the on the nervous system
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00192-00046080-00046335 they have an effect on your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00193-00046336-00046535 your gut bacteria
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00194-00046536-00046774 and they have an effect on
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00195-00046775-00047023 the the cells themselves
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00196-00047024-00047311 so it increases for example
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00197-00047312-00047423 uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00198-00047424-00047783 mitochondrial activity so it energizes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00199-00047784-00047911 the body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00200-00047912-00048118 but beyond that in terms of the actual
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00201-00048119-00048374 dark retreat what's happening is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00202-00048375-00048599 you are becoming very sensitive to light
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00203-00048600-00048871 and so when i had this dark retreat
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00204-00048872-00049158 there were all kinds of visions in front
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00205-00049159-00049327 of you that happen
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00206-00049328-00049423 and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00207-00049424-00049590 the way that the understanding was back
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00208-00049591-00049711 then is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00209-00049712-00049951 you focus your attention all the way at
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00210-00049952-00050055 the middle of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00211-00050056-00050183 the head
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00212-00050184-00050343 which is really where you could say the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00213-00050344-00050511 pineal gland is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00214-00050512-00050774 and so this goes into the territory of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00215-00050775-00050974 what we could call the mystical aspects
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00216-00050975-00051095 of things where
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00217-00051096-00051263 there's a release of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00218-00051264-00051511 what they say is dmt and you experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00219-00051512-00051766 all kinds of uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00220-00051767-00052007 very strange visions but you you kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00221-00052008-00052207 make contact in this subjective
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00222-00052208-00052447 experience with different entities and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00223-00052448-00052694 have some kind of uh communication with
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00224-00052695-00052775 them
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00225-00052776-00053071 yeah it's it's really cool and i think
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00226-00053072-00053247 in psychology that's called prisoners
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00227-00053248-00053463 cinema but you're really taking that to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00228-00053464-00053726 an extreme level by doing 40 days in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00229-00053727-00054007 darkness yeah and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00230-00054008-00054166 all right so you've done a lot of really
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00231-00054167-00054447 intensive yoga practice and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00232-00054448-00054703 basically taken that path all the way
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00233-00054704-00054871 through to find out
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00234-00054872-00055030 all right what it what are they talking
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00235-00055032-00055271 about in these ancient texts that seem
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00236-00055272-00055423 really esoteric i mean you can read
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00237-00055424-00055542 about some of those things and think
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00238-00055544-00055735 it's pure nonsense but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00239-00055736-00055838 the fact that you've actually
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00240-00055839-00055991 experienced it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00241-00055991-00056094 and then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00242-00056095-00056350 more recently you've developed an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00243-00056351-00056542 interest in buddhist meditation so could
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00244-00056544-00056671 you explain
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00245-00056672-00056782 some of the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00246-00056783-00056982 basic psychology or science behind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00247-00056983-00057142 what's happening there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00248-00057144-00057303 with the mind when you're training and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00249-00057304-00057391 it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00250-00057391-00057582 a slightly different mental training
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00251-00057583-00057791 process yeah before that i just want to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00252-00057791-00058015 also uh talk about kriya yoga because
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00253-00058016-00058142 that was a main
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00254-00058144-00058294 part of my practice
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00255-00058295-00058575 for a few years and there because you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00256-00058576-00058687 mentioned the manipulation of the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00257-00058688-00058887 nervous system
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00258-00058888-00059030 that's really what's happening what
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00259-00059032-00059207 happens is you do certain kinds of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00260-00059208-00059335 postures
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00261-00059336-00059479 and you do certain kinds of breathing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00262-00059479-00059671 techniques and certain kinds of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00263-00059672-00059799 movements
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00264-00059800-00060094 uh both mentally like you are basically
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00265-00060095-00060294 circulating what they call the kundalini
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00266-00060295-00060542 in different parts of the body and the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00267-00060544-00060703 spine
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00268-00060704-00060871 and then along with that is the breath
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00269-00060872-00061087 and certain kinds of mantras that you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00270-00061088-00061287 you chant mentally
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00271-00061288-00061447 and that's supposed to create some kind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00272-00061448-00061806 of an experience which i did experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00273-00061807-00062015 and it's it's almost mathematical in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00274-00062016-00062191 terms of the calculations that they do
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00275-00062191-00062399 there's about like six degrees of korea
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00276-00062400-00062615 yoga and i went through all of them and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00277-00062616-00062791 as you get through each of the degrees
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00278-00062791-00062935 of korea yoga
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00279-00062936-00063311 it multiplies the effect of the previous
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00280-00063312-00063582 degree by a factor of 12.
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00281-00063583-00063742 so you're going through
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00282-00063744-00063919 different exercises and as you're
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00283-00063920-00064103 becoming more advanced
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00284-00064104-00064311 it's having even more of it like kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00285-00064312-00064399 a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00286-00064400-00064606 almost an exponential effect on your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00287-00064607-00064799 nervous system is that the idea yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00288-00064800-00065094 yeah and it was uh it was quite intense
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00289-00065095-00065375 uh you know i'm surprised
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00290-00065376-00065582 i survived it because
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00291-00065583-00065735 because i went through a process where i
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00292-00065736-00065943 was very intense i was meditating six
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00293-00065944-00066175 eight hours a day just doing this whole
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00294-00066176-00066326 process
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00295-00066327-00066767 and in doing so i came to a point where
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00296-00066768-00067055 you know you feel this mystical unity
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00297-00067056-00067126 with
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00298-00067127-00067263 consciousness and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00299-00067264-00067623 the universe and so on and so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00300-00067624-00067894 when i experienced that uh for a long
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00301-00067895-00068119 time the mind was perceiving that as you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00302-00068120-00068335 said the metacognition where
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00303-00068336-00068519 it was like the universe experiencing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00304-00068520-00068815 itself through this body and mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00305-00068816-00069015 but then it faded away and what what you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00306-00069016-00069191 realize is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00307-00069192-00069359 well then you have to keep doing these
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00308-00069360-00069631 practices in order to get to that point
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00309-00069632-00069823 but you know there's another process in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00310-00069824-00070126 yoga known as sahaja samadhi
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00311-00070127-00070303 and that's very much what's known in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00312-00070304-00070631 yoga sutras as kavalia or dharma mega
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00313-00070632-00070743 samadhi
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00314-00070744-00070943 and what that's talking about is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00315-00070944-00071135 you come to a point where you're in that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00316-00071136-00071319 always in that witness consciousness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00317-00071320-00071567 state that metacognitive state which is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00318-00071568-00071662 just
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00319-00071663-00071991 mind-watching mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00320-00071992-00072199 but then you need to be unified in your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00321-00072200-00072382 attention to be able to do that all the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00322-00072383-00072535 time
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00323-00072536-00072782 and what i noticed was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00324-00072783-00073038 it was still very subjective
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00325-00073039-00073223 and it didn't really create too much of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00326-00073224-00073399 a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00327-00073400-00073599 process of insights
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00328-00073600-00073743 yes there were these really interesting
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00329-00073744-00073950 experiences but then my
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00330-00073951-00074038 my
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00331-00074039-00074215 realization was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00332-00074216-00074479 in my experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00333-00074480-00074750 that there was no real change in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00334-00074751-00075103 personal development so to speak
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00335-00075104-00075294 like i was still experiencing the same
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00336-00075295-00075550 things subjectively from from an egoic
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00337-00075551-00075671 standpoint
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00338-00075672-00075855 i was still experiencing things in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00339-00075856-00076006 sense of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00340-00076007-00076294 liking things and craving for things
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00341-00076295-00076455 so there was still some tension in your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00342-00076456-00076687 mind that was causing some suffering
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00343-00076688-00076847 right on a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00344-00076848-00077071 even if not on as much of a scale there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00345-00077072-00077319 was still some kind of yeah clinging
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00346-00077320-00077471 yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00347-00077472-00077687 and so that kind of brought me towards
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00348-00077688-00077975 buddhism and and early buddhist practice
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00349-00077976-00078391 rooted in what they call the pali canon
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00350-00078392-00078647 and i was actually first interested in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00351-00078648-00078806 tibetan buddhism so i went through that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00352-00078807-00079023 whole process of mohammed and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00353-00079024-00079279 got to that experience of rikpa
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00354-00079280-00079479 which was really
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00355-00079480-00079687 qualitatively similar to the experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00356-00079688-00079879 of sahaja samadhi
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00357-00079880-00080047 what is rigpa for those who aren't
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00358-00080048-00080423 familiar so rigpa is really um just
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00359-00080424-00080511 that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00360-00080512-00080767 that experience of mind or that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00361-00080768-00080999 experience of consciousness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00362-00081000-00081335 uh without any self-referential thinking
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00363-00081336-00081503 going on
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00364-00081504-00081838 so it's just basically seeing things
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00365-00081839-00081991 or as it's understood seeing things as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00366-00081992-00082150 they really are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00367-00082151-00082350 but there's an understanding that it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00368-00082351-00082559 like consciousness or there's an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00369-00082560-00082743 awareness there's a knowing there's a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00370-00082744-00082926 cognition there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00371-00082927-00083279 that is void of any personalizing going
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00372-00083280-00083423 on
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00373-00083424-00083687 but what i realized is this the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00374-00083688-00083887 experience is similar to that sahaja
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00375-00083888-00084135 yogi and so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00376-00084136-00084382 it's a process of continually resting in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00377-00084383-00084655 that but it's a conditioned state as we
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00378-00084656-00084759 call it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00379-00084760-00084975 and what that means is if it's dependent
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00380-00084976-00085262 upon conditions
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00381-00085263-00085503 then when those conditions are gone it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00382-00085504-00085815 fades away so even that consciousness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00383-00085816-00085911 that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00384-00085912-00086071 rigpa
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00385-00086072-00086399 has a prior condition for it to arise
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00386-00086400-00086559 yes in other words it's still
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00387-00086560-00086799 impermanent and still liable
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00388-00086800-00087047 to cause mental suffering yes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00389-00087048-00087167 yes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00390-00087168-00087375 because the whole point there is there's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00391-00087376-00087631 still some kind of identity view there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00392-00087632-00087782 there's still some kind of a sense of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00393-00087783-00088023 personal self
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00394-00088024-00088375 it's almost like you transcend this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00395-00088376-00088655 self to a super self
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00396-00088656-00088847 but there's still a sense of ego there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00397-00088848-00089062 it's just a spiritual ego if you will so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00398-00089063-00089262 you go just in case folks aren't
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00399-00089263-00089391 familiar with kind of what you're
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00400-00089392-00089582 talking about with that jump so you go
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00401-00089583-00089743 from being this kind of mini me in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00402-00089744-00090047 head somewhere located here
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00403-00090048-00090182 you know it feels like i'm behind the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00404-00090183-00090350 eyes somewhere i'm just this bundle of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00405-00090351-00090438 thoughts
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00406-00090439-00090591 and then you're
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00407-00090592-00090767 i guess for rigpa and it sounds like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00408-00090768-00090862 also
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00409-00090863-00091055 the end of the yoga path you're kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00410-00091056-00091206 all sudden just this field of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00411-00091207-00091375 consciousness that's experiencing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00412-00091376-00091559 everything yes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00413-00091560-00091862 yes that's exactly it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00414-00091863-00091982 but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00415-00091983-00092191 like i said that was the experience so i
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00416-00092192-00092455 went to the end of that and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00417-00092456-00092679 i decided to go back to the early
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00418-00092680-00092918 buddhist texts or the understanding of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00419-00092919-00093199 what it's like in the theravada text as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00420-00093200-00093303 they say
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00421-00093304-00093511 and i got introduced to it by searching
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00422-00093512-00093631 for well
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00423-00093632-00093767 primarily i was interested in loving
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00424-00093768-00094071 kindness meditation first so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00425-00094072-00094271 uh i searched for mehta
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00426-00094272-00094447 on youtube
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00427-00094448-00094631 and i got introduced to bante van gaal
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00428-00094632-00094759 ramsey
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00429-00094760-00094967 and i started watching his videos
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00430-00094968-00095111 couldn't really make sense of a lot of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00431-00095112-00095223 things he was talking about from the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00432-00095224-00095343 sutas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00433-00095344-00095535 but then i decided to take a online
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00434-00095536-00095638 retreat
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00435-00095639-00096071 and that was in 2016.
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00436-00096072-00096238 and while i was doing it i was following
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00437-00096239-00096431 the instructions i was looking at it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00438-00096432-00096606 from the attitude of a beginner like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00439-00096607-00096855 completely new and fresh to this whole
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00440-00096856-00097006 process
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00441-00097007-00097174 and i got introduced to what was known
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00442-00097175-00097326 as the jhanas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00443-00097327-00097511 and so these are very much similar in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00444-00097512-00097671 the sense of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00445-00097672-00097918 you have the dhyana or the samadhis in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00446-00097919-00098199 yoga sutras but they have a different
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00447-00098200-00098447 way of looking at it or perceiving it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00448-00098448-00098535 because
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00449-00098536-00098862 the jhanas are levels of ceasing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00450-00098863-00099103 activity
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00451-00099104-00099262 and then there are also levels of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00452-00099263-00099455 understanding or insight into this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00453-00099456-00099703 process of the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00454-00099704-00099871 so one of the things that really struck
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00455-00099872-00100094 me was the mindfulness aspect of it like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00456-00100095-00100279 what is the mindfulness that we talk
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00457-00100280-00100391 about
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00458-00100392-00100559 because mindfulness has been described
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00459-00100560-00100831 in so many different ways
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00460-00100832-00101094 but this particular definition from
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00461-00101095-00101326 from van devela ramsey really makes a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00462-00101327-00101647 lot of sense uh to my mind which is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00463-00101648-00101918 it's observing how mind's attention
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00464-00101919-00102038 moves
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00465-00102039-00102303 from one thing to another and so here
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00466-00102304-00102486 the meditation is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00467-00102488-00102590 very much
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00468-00102591-00102823 an open awareness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00469-00102824-00102958 you're not trying to focus your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00470-00102959-00103118 attention on something you're allowing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00471-00103119-00103342 the mind to collect its
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00472-00103343-00103566 its attention around a particular object
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00473-00103567-00103839 in this case that's loving kindness but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00474-00103840-00104078 in doing so the mind doesn't become
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00475-00104079-00104278 completely quiet and what i realized
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00476-00104279-00104439 from this practice
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00477-00104440-00104590 is that when i was doing the practices
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00478-00104591-00104702 before
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00479-00104703-00104934 it wasn't actually quiet it was just
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00480-00104935-00105223 suppression of mental activity which
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00481-00105224-00105486 then felt like it was kind of quiet too
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00482-00105488-00105783 so you were trying to control the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00483-00105783-00106047 and direct attention a certain way
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00484-00106048-00106375 but as a result there's still a bunch of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00485-00106376-00106558 what are called hindrances in buddhism
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00486-00106559-00106758 but basically
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00487-00106759-00106966 mental afflictions and all these issues
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00488-00106967-00107119 with the mind that were that are still
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00489-00107120-00107351 there they're not being dealt with but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00490-00107352-00107527 the mind's becoming very focused
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00491-00107528-00107775 creating an experience then if you come
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00492-00107776-00108007 out of that experience the mind still
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00493-00108008-00108231 has all this baggage there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00494-00108232-00108478 yeah exactly so i mean for about like a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00495-00108479-00108695 couple of hours to maybe even the whole
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00496-00108696-00108902 day you'll feel really good you'll feel
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00497-00108903-00109102 very relaxed and calm and collected when
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00498-00109103-00109199 you do
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00499-00109200-00109454 that kind of practice but then you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00500-00109455-00109631 realize that your reactions to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00501-00109632-00109847 situations are the same
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00502-00109848-00110078 whereas with this practice with regards
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00503-00110079-00110231 to the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00504-00110232-00110343 the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00505-00110344-00110558 the twin method as we call it that's the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00506-00110559-00110790 tranquil wisdom insight meditation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00507-00110791-00110958 method
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00508-00110959-00111143 here what it means is your mind is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00509-00111144-00111254 tranquil
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00510-00111255-00111423 there's wisdom and insight which means
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00511-00111424-00111639 your mind is tranquil enough and open
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00512-00111640-00111854 enough that you can notice when mind's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00513-00111855-00112095 attention moves and when it does that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00514-00112096-00112327 you're actually in that moment
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00515-00112328-00112583 dealing with as you said the hindrances
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00516-00112583-00112790 and the way you deal with it is a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00517-00112791-00112999 process of relaxation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00518-00113000-00113263 it's what's known as the six r's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00519-00113264-00113566 and what i what i see from that is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00520-00113567-00113831 it's an exercise of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00521-00113832-00114007 right effort that's known as right
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00522-00114008-00114190 effort in buddhism where
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00523-00114191-00114510 you notice that your mind is distracted
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00524-00114511-00114743 so that's the first step to recognize
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00525-00114744-00114902 and then you bring your attention back
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00526-00114903-00115207 by taking it away from the distraction
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00527-00115208-00115447 and then relaxing the mind and body when
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00528-00115448-00115607 you relax it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00529-00115608-00115766 what you're doing is you're relaxing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00530-00115767-00115975 you're relaxing the tension
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00531-00115976-00116207 which is understood as craving
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00532-00116208-00116502 as a manifestation of craving
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00533-00116503-00116710 and whenever you do that your mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00534-00116711-00116958 becomes very open and very calm and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00535-00116959-00117183 collected
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00536-00117183-00117415 you then smile and smiling is an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00537-00117416-00117543 important part of this because when
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00538-00117544-00117743 you're smiling your mindfulness is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00539-00117744-00117983 actually pretty strong
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00540-00117983-00118127 and then you collect your mind again
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00541-00118128-00118383 back to its objective meditation and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00542-00118383-00118566 then you repeat
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00543-00118567-00118847 so this process of the six hours and the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00544-00118848-00119151 twin method is all about dealing with
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00545-00119152-00119351 the mental afflictions
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00546-00119352-00119551 as and when they arise
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00547-00119552-00119783 right and then letting them go
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00548-00119783-00119934 and then when you're doing that the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00549-00119935-00120095 does transform
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00550-00120096-00120278 for a couple of reasons number one it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00551-00120279-00120575 actually seeing how it works itself
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00552-00120576-00120751 and two it's actually
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00553-00120752-00120966 let's say purifying the mind right there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00554-00120967-00121207 and then right through an active process
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00555-00121208-00121343 of letting go
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00556-00121344-00121558 yeah that's a key point you made a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00557-00121559-00121807 couple of times that you're observing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00558-00121808-00122039 how the mind works so the ma the mind is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00559-00122040-00122134 seeing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00560-00122135-00122366 how it works without trying to control
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00561-00122367-00122623 its activity you're just observing and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00562-00122624-00122823 then it's just this slight
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00563-00122824-00123063 intervention to relax any craving that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00564-00123064-00123343 you notice until it naturally collects
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00565-00123344-00123534 into what you've you mentioned are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00566-00123535-00123686 called the jhanas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00567-00123688-00123839 so could you walk us briefly through
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00568-00123840-00123951 this path
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00569-00123952-00124086 through the jhanas and then this will
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00570-00124088-00124239 take us to the neuroscience study i
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00571-00124240-00124519 mentioned at the beginning where they've
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00572-00124520-00124678 done yeah they've actually put your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00573-00124679-00124839 brain in a scanner while you're going
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00574-00124840-00124975 through this process all the way to the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00575-00124976-00125134 end yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00576-00125135-00125334 so as we understand in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00577-00125335-00125558 the early texts there are these things
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00578-00125559-00125775 known as jhanas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00579-00125776-00126054 and there are four jhanas and then on
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00580-00126055-00126263 the fourth jhana there are these four
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00581-00126264-00126439 levels of perception
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00582-00126440-00126702 so they are known as the arupa-janas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00583-00126703-00126895 or actually they were really better
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00584-00126896-00127007 known as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00585-00127008-00127319 or better understood as ayathanas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00586-00127320-00127510 and that's i mean it's it's a lot of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00587-00127511-00127702 pali words but i'll just simplify it by
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00588-00127703-00127902 saying that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00589-00127903-00128110 jhana is basically meditation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00590-00128111-00128302 that's really what it is it comes from
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00591-00128303-00128431 that same
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00592-00128432-00128654 uh root and sanskrit with this which is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00593-00128655-00128999 diana so it's a collectedness of mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00594-00129000-00129214 and arupa and rupa rupa means just a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00595-00129215-00129463 form they're still aware of the body and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00596-00129464-00129647 in aruba's you're
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00597-00129648-00129975 basically just in the mind and you lose
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00598-00129976-00130223 you lose feeling in the body you lose a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00599-00130224-00130486 perception of the body and ayatana means
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00600-00130488-00130743 the base of and i'll contextualize all
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00601-00130744-00130895 of that so we'll start with the first
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00602-00130896-00130999 jhana
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00603-00131000-00131231 the first level here is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00604-00131232-00131487 where you first have the intention of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00605-00131488-00131783 loving kindness as an object for example
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00606-00131784-00132023 and this is the process
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00607-00132024-00132223 which is known as thinking and examining
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00608-00132224-00132454 thought when you can verbalize or
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00609-00132455-00132671 visualize the loving kindness in your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00610-00132672-00132790 heart
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00611-00132791-00132927 and you verbalize with certain
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00612-00132928-00133151 statements like may i be happy may i be
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00613-00133152-00133359 well and so on and for the first 10
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00614-00133360-00133535 minutes you're feeling this experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00615-00133536-00133631 of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00616-00133632-00133887 warmth in in the chest
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00617-00133888-00134078 subjectively it just feels really good
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00618-00134079-00134302 it just feels very
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00619-00134303-00134775 light and calm and happy and collected
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00620-00134776-00134927 and then after that you send it out to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00621-00134928-00135143 what we call a spiritual friend
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00622-00135144-00135366 and it could be anybody who's uh of the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00623-00135367-00135502 same sex
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00624-00135503-00135807 who is alive and who you think of and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00625-00135808-00136166 immediately puts a smile on your face
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00626-00136167-00136366 so smiling is an important component of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00627-00136367-00136551 this particular practice and the reason
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00628-00136552-00136678 is because
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00629-00136679-00136911 uh as we understand when you smile it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00630-00136912-00137175 lightens the mind subjectively so your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00631-00137176-00137359 experience is that your your mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00632-00137360-00137711 becomes more collected more mindful
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00633-00137712-00137951 and it's like that idea of fake it till
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00634-00137952-00138143 you make it right you don't even have to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00635-00138144-00138271 have a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00636-00138272-00138511 sincere smile necessarily one
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00637-00138512-00138678 interesting study i'll point out was on
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00638-00138679-00138839 people with botox
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00639-00138840-00139095 so they physically couldn't stop smiling
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00640-00139096-00139302 and the impact on their psychological
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00641-00139303-00139535 state just from that was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00642-00139536-00139702 was substantial yeah so there's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00643-00139703-00139911 something to be said about that and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00644-00139912-00140071 you know the understanding is you see
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00645-00140072-00140335 like an image of a buddha or a statue of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00646-00140336-00140478 the buddha
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00647-00140479-00140702 and you'll see a little smile on his
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00648-00140703-00140887 face and that's that's actually a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00649-00140888-00141271 teaching uh to remind you to smile
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00650-00141272-00141439 so this is what we call a feeling
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00651-00141440-00141743 meditation a smiling meditation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00652-00141744-00141990 and so when you become more collected in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00653-00141991-00142263 your mind which is you're still open in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00654-00142264-00142478 your awareness but it's sort of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00655-00142479-00142711 circulating around this object of loving
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00656-00142712-00142839 kindness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00657-00142840-00143111 the attention you start to feel what we
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00658-00143112-00143407 call is joy and happiness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00659-00143408-00143647 and unification of mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00660-00143648-00143871 so this joy can be experienced in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00661-00143872-00144135 body in a very vibrant way
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00662-00144136-00144302 you can experience some people
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00663-00144303-00144614 experience a sort of heat in their body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00664-00144615-00144766 some people experience some kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00665-00144767-00144975 vibration in their body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00666-00144976-00145183 and some people just feel very happy
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00667-00145184-00145431 it's just a very uplifted state
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00668-00145432-00145583 and what's known as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00669-00145584-00145751 happiness which is the comfort of the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00670-00145752-00145959 body the tranquil tranquility of the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00671-00145960-00146054 body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00672-00146055-00146287 so the pithy as we call it is that that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00673-00146288-00146647 vibrate vibratory happiness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00674-00146648-00146814 or joy
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00675-00146815-00147023 and the sukkah is that comfort in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00676-00147024-00147343 body and the unification of the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00677-00147344-00147583 now what happens is at a certain point
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00678-00147584-00147751 if you're still progressing on this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00679-00147752-00147959 practice you get into what's known as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00680-00147960-00148223 the second jhana
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00681-00148224-00148439 and in the second jhana the the mental
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00682-00148440-00148639 humdrum drops away
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00683-00148640-00148783 and and what i mean by the mental
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00684-00148784-00148919 humdrum is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00685-00148920-00149063 you started this process with
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00686-00149064-00149326 verbalizing or visualizing and there was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00687-00149327-00149502 an intention to be in the loving
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00688-00149503-00149614 kindness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00689-00149615-00149790 but that drops away and all you're
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00690-00149791-00149959 experiencing now is the feeling and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00691-00149960-00150159 quality of that feeling of loving
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00692-00150160-00150311 kindness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00693-00150312-00150566 so this is what's known as confidence in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00694-00150567-00150743 the practice now it's almost like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00695-00150744-00151014 autopilot now the mind is just flowing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00696-00151015-00151214 with this loving kindness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00697-00151215-00151383 and there's still that pity there's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00698-00151384-00151559 still that vibratory happiness there's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00699-00151560-00151807 still the sukkah or comfort in the body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00700-00151808-00151983 and there's still the unification of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00701-00151984-00152183 mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00702-00152184-00152407 but what has ceased and as i said these
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00703-00152408-00152647 are levels of cessation in the first
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00704-00152648-00152926 case in the first jhana what ceases is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00705-00152927-00153271 all of these sensory activity the the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00706-00153272-00153463 the mind being pulled in different
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00707-00153464-00153759 directions by the senses
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00708-00153760-00153943 because you close your eyes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00709-00153944-00154119 and you collect the mind around the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00710-00154120-00154271 mental
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00711-00154272-00154543 object of loving kindness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00712-00154544-00154702 so you're no longer paying attention to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00713-00154703-00154919 what's happening with the ears or any
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00714-00154920-00155159 kind of smells that are happening or
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00715-00155160-00155383 the sensations in the body it's not
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00716-00155384-00155663 collecting on the mental plane
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00717-00155664-00155926 so that's what ceases in the first
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00718-00155927-00156087 in the second what ceases is that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00719-00156088-00156311 verbalizing as i spoke about which comes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00720-00156312-00156487 in the form of not only the initial
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00721-00156488-00156775 verbalizing in mind but also that mental
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00722-00156776-00156990 humdrum in the background so it becomes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00723-00156991-00157263 much energetic the inner chatter
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00724-00157264-00157502 and so that that goes away and then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00725-00157503-00157726 that's the cessation of that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00726-00157727-00157902 now in the third genre what sees is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00727-00157903-00158247 really is the the vibratory joy
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00728-00158248-00158543 that uh feeling of excited joy goes away
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00729-00158544-00158759 and it's much more tranquil
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00730-00158760-00158951 and here you're also starting to lose
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00731-00158952-00159271 awareness of the feeling in the body so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00732-00159272-00159414 if you're sitting down for example it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00733-00159415-00159583 kind of feels like you can't feel your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00734-00159584-00159719 hands
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00735-00159720-00159902 or different parts of your body feel
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00736-00159903-00160111 like they're not there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00737-00160112-00160295 uh or you might even just feel like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00738-00160296-00160471 you're floating and some people actually
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00739-00160472-00160671 feel the the reverse of that which is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00740-00160672-00160878 you feel like you're sinking into the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00741-00160879-00161071 ground you're becoming heavier but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00742-00161072-00161254 there's no more
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00743-00161255-00161454 sensation of where the body starts and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00744-00161455-00161575 ends it's just
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00745-00161576-00161759 it's very very subtle
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00746-00161760-00161983 it's somewhat equivalent to pratyahara
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00747-00161984-00162151 and yoga right because your senses are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00748-00162152-00162319 now completely
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00749-00162320-00162590 uh turned inward to the point where you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00750-00162591-00162759 actually you know someone touched you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00751-00162760-00162966 you would feel it but you're no longer
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00752-00162967-00163190 paying any attention to your correct
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00753-00163191-00163423 body correct that's right
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00754-00163424-00163654 and and the way to exp the way to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00755-00163655-00163838 understand it is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00756-00163839-00164054 as far as i i'm aware of it there are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00757-00164055-00164238 certain parts of the brain that are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00758-00164239-00164375 starting to become
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00759-00164376-00164695 uh less active right like somatosensory
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00760-00164696-00164919 areas yeah yeah yeah and i believe it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00761-00164920-00165254 probably also the temporal parietal lobe
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00762-00165255-00165471 which has to do with the sense of space
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00763-00165472-00165551 and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00764-00165552-00165759 the body and so on
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00765-00165760-00166007 so that starts to become less and less
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00766-00166008-00166247 active
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00767-00166248-00166390 and then eventually when you get into
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00768-00166391-00166623 the fourth jhana uh this whole
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00769-00166624-00166807 experience of the body from the head
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00770-00166808-00167031 down or from the neck down rather
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00771-00167032-00167207 is gone and you kind of just feel it in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00772-00167208-00167407 the head that loving kindness feels like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00773-00167408-00167623 it's moved up to the head
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00774-00167624-00167838 and what also ceases
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00775-00167839-00168087 is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00776-00168088-00168302 that sense of that tranquil tranquility
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00777-00168303-00168519 that tranquil happiness is gone and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00778-00168520-00168783 what's remaining is just this blank mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00779-00168784-00168990 which is equanimous
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00780-00168991-00169343 so it's very deep equanimity
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00781-00169344-00169614 and what happens here is that you also
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00782-00169615-00169847 kind of lose awareness of the breath not
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00783-00169848-00170063 that you were so aware in the first
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00784-00170064-00170238 second and third jhana it just seems
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00785-00170239-00170495 more imperceptible you're not paying
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00786-00170496-00170638 attention to whether you're breathing or
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00787-00170639-00170943 not as such
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00788-00170944-00171207 and then we come to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00789-00171208-00171414 what are known as i said the arupa-janas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00790-00171415-00171638 or also the ayathanas
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00791-00171639-00171863 and so ayatana here means realm or base
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00792-00171864-00172095 and why i say that is because the fifth
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00793-00172096-00172295 level is known as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00794-00172296-00172519 the base of infinite space
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00795-00172520-00172783 so that sense of infinity of space
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00796-00172784-00173023 happens where now you lose awareness of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00797-00173024-00173199 even the head and you're in just the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00798-00173200-00173287 mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00799-00173288-00173495 and there's no sense of where your body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00800-00173496-00173566 is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00801-00173567-00173854 there's just this feeling of infinite
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00802-00173855-00174007 space and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00803-00174008-00174295 expansion and it just continues on and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00804-00174296-00174487 on and on and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00805-00174488-00174759 here the the practice changes where
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00806-00174760-00175031 you're radiating as we say the loving
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00807-00175032-00175383 kindness which can change to compassion
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00808-00175384-00175543 and the loving-kindness here is a little
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00809-00175544-00175711 more energetic while the compassion is a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00810-00175712-00175990 little fuzzy and softer and and much
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00811-00175991-00176223 calmer
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00812-00176224-00176326 and then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00813-00176327-00176647 there is an experience of infinite
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00814-00176648-00176814 consciousness the sphere of infinite
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00815-00176815-00176935 consciousness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00816-00176936-00177135 so that level of expansion that we talk
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00817-00177136-00177351 about in this infinite space
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00818-00177352-00177551 starts to break down and what's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00819-00177552-00177735 happening is you're starting to see the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00820-00177736-00177863 awareness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00821-00177864-00178143 and the awarenesses start to break down
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00822-00178144-00178326 and what i mean by that is the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00823-00178327-00178599 consciousness that you experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00824-00178600-00178911 starts to go into micro fragments of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00825-00178912-00179159 individual consciousnesses and what we
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00826-00179160-00179423 are experiencing here is for example in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00827-00179424-00179711 the internal contact of the eye
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00828-00179712-00179990 so in the in the mind's eye so to speak
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00829-00179991-00180166 you might see flickering
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00830-00180167-00180366 or you might actually hear
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00831-00180367-00180535 flickering in the ear
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00832-00180536-00180759 or feel certain kinds of electrical
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00833-00180760-00180951 sensations on the tongue
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00834-00180952-00181166 or even smell phantom
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00835-00181167-00181343 smells
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00836-00181344-00181583 and what we are experiencing here
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00837-00181584-00181823 according to the text is infinite
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00838-00181824-00181966 consciousness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00839-00181967-00182190 so it's not infinite consciousness that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00840-00182191-00182335 would be understood as being this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00841-00182336-00182463 eternal
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00842-00182464-00182559 all
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00843-00182560-00182695 all-abiding
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00844-00182696-00182871 uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00845-00182872-00183143 you know like field of fear awareness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00846-00183144-00183302 field of awareness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00847-00183303-00183519 it's just that it's breaking down to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00848-00183520-00183751 infinite consciousnesses
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00849-00183752-00184047 right individual awarenesses that arise
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00850-00184048-00184271 and pass away in every moment
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00851-00184272-00184463 conditioned by
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00852-00184464-00184766 prior conditions like contact with that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00853-00184767-00184871 sense
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00854-00184872-00185071 base yeah yeah so you see the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00855-00185072-00185351 impermanence on a really deep level yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00856-00185352-00185551 once you start to see that impermanence
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00857-00185552-00185759 then your mind kind of gets tired of it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00858-00185760-00186047 after a while and this tiredness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00859-00186048-00186254 is what is known as dukkha that's the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00860-00186255-00186438 suffering aspect of it and then you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00861-00186439-00186735 realize that there's no controller here
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00862-00186736-00187014 it's it's an impersonal process
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00863-00187015-00187247 and eventually it dies down it stops and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00864-00187248-00187454 you get into what's known as the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00865-00187455-00187719 base of nothingness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00866-00187720-00187871 and some people have an experience of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00867-00187872-00188071 like sort of sinking down a level and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00868-00188072-00188231 then entering into the space of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00869-00188232-00188343 nothingness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00870-00188344-00188487 or some people have an experience of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00871-00188488-00188695 that flickering starting to slow down
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00872-00188696-00188895 and there are gaps
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00873-00188896-00189071 and those gaps then become larger and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00874-00189072-00189295 larger until they become the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00875-00189296-00189583 the uh the viewpoint of the mind and the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00876-00189584-00189790 object of the mind which is the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00877-00189791-00189935 nothingness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00878-00189936-00190087 now in infinite consciousness what
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00879-00190088-00190295 happens is you experience a level of joy
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00880-00190296-00190495 but this joy is not vibratory it's not
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00881-00190496-00190638 energetic
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00882-00190639-00190838 it's a more content joy
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00883-00190839-00191087 and then that also changes into a much
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00884-00191088-00191383 much deeper equanimity at the base of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00885-00191384-00191543 nothingness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00886-00191544-00191863 then we get to a very interesting
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00887-00191864-00192150 stage known as the base of neither
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00888-00192151-00192671 perception nor non-perception npnp yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00889-00192672-00192959 it's a very interesting state um
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00890-00192960-00193175 the way people describe it is it's like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00891-00193176-00193407 you're sl but you're awake at the same
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00892-00193408-00193726 time right um and what we understand
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00893-00193727-00193871 from here is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00894-00193872-00194038 there are these proto thoughts that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00895-00194039-00194207 arise i call them proto thoughts but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00896-00194208-00194383 they're basically what are known as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00897-00194384-00194687 formations and they create sort of like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00898-00194688-00194935 it's like a it's like a bubbling up of a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00899-00194936-00195126 thought before it becomes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00900-00195127-00195319 a fully formed thought
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00901-00195320-00195502 right and so these bubbles you start to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00902-00195503-00195647 see and they create these like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00903-00195648-00195871 disconnected images and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00904-00195872-00196063 colors and patterns and things like that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00905-00196064-00196350 and you're not fully able to recognize
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00906-00196351-00196550 them because the idea of perception in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00907-00196551-00196759 the buddhist context means to recognize
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00908-00196760-00196863 something
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00909-00196864-00197031 so we have contact we have feeling and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00910-00197032-00197175 we have perception
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00911-00197176-00197383 and the contact as you said was the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00912-00197384-00197566 actual impact of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00913-00197567-00197759 the sensory information with the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00914-00197760-00197919 particular sense
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00915-00197920-00198199 the feeling is the experience of that so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00916-00198200-00198414 you see a color and you know it's to be
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00917-00198415-00198654 a color and that's the cognition of it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00918-00198655-00198831 but the perception of something that i'm
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00919-00198832-00199119 seeing as a color red then knowing it of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00920-00199120-00199390 or labeling it of as red is the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00921-00199391-00199590 perception of it so there's not a lot of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00922-00199591-00199871 things you can fully recognize so to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00923-00199872-00199990 speak
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00924-00199991-00200214 and what happens is when you come out of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00925-00200215-00200447 the state there is an instruction
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00926-00200448-00200590 for a couple of minutes to kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00927-00200591-00200831 reflect on what happened and you might
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00928-00200832-00201038 start to see things and you six art as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00929-00201039-00201295 we say which is to recognize it release
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00930-00201296-00201471 it real relax
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00931-00201472-00201678 and then come back and just be in a mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00932-00201679-00201863 that is neutral yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00933-00201864-00202063 so neither perception or non-perception
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00934-00202064-00202278 is that state where
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00935-00202279-00202543 i would i would um
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00936-00202544-00202902 in my understanding i would equate it to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00937-00202903-00202990 a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00938-00202991-00203254 basically like an rem sleep a rem sleep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00939-00203255-00203495 where right there's kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00940-00203496-00203783 fuzzy dreams here and there and yeah or
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00941-00203784-00204038 even i mean subjectively from my
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00942-00204039-00204311 experience also maybe being aware in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00943-00204312-00204526 deep dreamless sleep to some extent too
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00944-00204527-00204719 yes although there are the start of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00945-00204720-00204910 formation so it wouldn't be exactly
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00946-00204911-00205198 equivalent yeah but um i also just want
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00947-00205200-00205351 to point out that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00948-00205352-00205582 these states you're describing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00949-00205583-00205838 might sound kind of kooky to someone who
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00950-00205839-00206079 hasn't been there themselves but this is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00951-00206080-00206286 a map that's not only incredibly laid
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00952-00206287-00206375 out
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00953-00206376-00206455 in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00954-00206456-00206703 the sutas which which were written or
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00955-00206704-00206903 which were verbally transmitted roughly
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00956-00206904-00207151 2 500 years ago and then subsequently
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00957-00207152-00207294 written down
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00958-00207296-00207510 but it's also something that is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00959-00207511-00207855 replicable replicable in the sense that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00960-00207856-00208031 every meditator might experience it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00961-00208032-00208206 slightly different but if they follow
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00962-00208207-00208438 the steps that you're describing they
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00963-00208439-00208631 will ha they will go through these
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00964-00208632-00208742 genres
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00965-00208744-00208998 just as they're being described and it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00966-00209000-00209223 kind of incredible when you see oh this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00967-00209223-00209486 is what that's talking about i i have
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00968-00209487-00209694 the same experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00969-00209696-00209863 because our minds are all pretty our
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00970-00209864-00210046 nervous systems are all pretty similar
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00971-00210048-00210215 absolutely i mean it is funny that you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00972-00210216-00210351 mentioned it because i i think you were
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00973-00210352-00210542 commenting before uh in the previous
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00974-00210544-00210751 discussion we had where you said it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00975-00210752-00210887 kind of strange when you talk about it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00976-00210888-00211151 like yeah i'm now perceiving nothingness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00977-00211152-00211327 yeah you know how do you do it makes no
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00978-00211328-00211455 sense to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00979-00211456-00211615 and because words can't even really
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00980-00211616-00211798 describe these states are really subtle
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00981-00211800-00212031 and our vocabulary is kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00982-00212032-00212119 uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00983-00212119-00212303 kind of kind of clunky when it comes to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00984-00212304-00212463 describing these things too
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00985-00212464-00212663 yeah but i'll tell you what there comes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00986-00212664-00212806 a point where
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00987-00212807-00213015 you have what is known as the experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00988-00213016-00213271 of uh cessation of perception feeling
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00989-00213271-00213423 and consciousness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00990-00213423-00213582 and that's a very interesting state
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00991-00213583-00213734 beyond just neither perception
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00992-00213735-00213991 non-perception so this happens from that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00993-00213992-00214198 point you kind of drop off yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00994-00214200-00214358 and when we talk about the drop-off what
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00995-00214359-00214615 happens in the experiences
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00996-00214616-00214775 well as you start to get more mindful
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00997-00214776-00214919 you kind of have an understanding of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00998-00214919-00215110 what it feels like because it's like all
+5pgqEx8y6bg-00999-00215111-00215310 of the dials of the senses start to go
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01000-00215311-00215446 to zero
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01001-00215448-00215631 or some people have a sinking feeling
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01002-00215632-00215767 where they're just dropping into this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01003-00215767-00216015 void and then it just switches off
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01004-00216016-00216175 and so you don't know you were in that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01005-00216176-00216406 state until after you come out of it and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01006-00216407-00216758 for a moment or however long it was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01007-00216759-00216958 the mind was shut off
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01008-00216959-00217319 the the feeling the sensory experiences
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01009-00217319-00217527 the perception the recognition aspect of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01010-00217528-00217887 it and the cognition the consciousness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01011-00217888-00218198 all cease for some time and then when
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01012-00218200-00218358 you come back up
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01013-00218359-00218534 your mindfulness is so sharp your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01014-00218535-00218694 awareness is so sharp that you're able
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01015-00218696-00218919 to see certain things that give you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01016-00218919-00219246 clarity into how this whole process of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01017-00219248-00219463 the building blocks of reality your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01018-00219464-00219815 subjective reality are created
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01019-00219816-00220023 so you're okay so you're going along you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01020-00220023-00220239 go through the jhanas one through eight
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01021-00220240-00220406 as you like one through four and then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01022-00220407-00220655 there's the arupa-janas up through eight
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01023-00220656-00220823 neither perception or non-perception at
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01024-00220823-00220927 some point
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01025-00220928-00221119 the mind seems to almost
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01026-00221119-00221351 like run out of fuel yeah and just kind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01027-00221352-00221494 of and then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01028-00221496-00221631 subjectively it's like there's this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01029-00221632-00221927 blackout experience and as the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01030-00221928-00222127 boots back up almost like a computer
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01031-00222128-00222358 coming back online your mindfulness is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01032-00222359-00222606 really sharp and you start to see
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01033-00222607-00222919 how this pro how the mind works
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01034-00222919-00223087 at the deepest level
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01035-00223088-00223294 and what results is you know all this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01036-00223296-00223487 joy and this this insight can create
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01037-00223488-00223631 lasting
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01038-00223632-00223887 cognitive changes yes yes because at
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01039-00223888-00224223 that point in time
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01040-00224223-00224558 you no longer take things personally
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01041-00224559-00224727 well we have to understand that there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01042-00224728-00224903 are levels of awakening within the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01043-00224904-00225134 buddhist context but in the beginning
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01044-00225135-00225294 you realize that this is all an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01045-00225296-00225503 impersonal process so you no longer are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01046-00225504-00225791 looking or have a belief in some kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01047-00225792-00225982 a personal eternal
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01048-00225983-00226223 consciousness that you take to be self
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01049-00226223-00226487 now you see everything as a process
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01050-00226488-00226646 through what's known as dependent
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01051-00226648-00226887 origination from this arises this from
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01052-00226888-00227079 this arises that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01053-00227080-00227310 and really there are these 12 links as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01054-00227311-00227463 we talk about but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01055-00227464-00227655 just to simplify it it just gives you an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01056-00227656-00227887 understanding of how
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01057-00227888-00228094 uh the world is created through your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01058-00228096-00228239 experience of contact feeling and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01059-00228240-00228358 perception
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01060-00228359-00228606 and then how you choose to react to it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01061-00228607-00228815 you get better clarity on realizing in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01062-00228816-00228991 that moment if you choose to react in a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01063-00228992-00229215 certain way it causes tension and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01064-00229216-00229415 tightness which is the craving the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01065-00229416-00229623 clinging and the being and that causes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01066-00229623-00229846 further aggravation further agitation of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01067-00229848-00230063 the mind and body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01068-00230064-00230263 but if you are mindful in that moment
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01069-00230264-00230431 and you choose to let go of it then you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01070-00230432-00230775 don't experience further agitation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01071-00230776-00231142 okay so the i've been teasing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01072-00231144-00231391 i guess the audience with this study
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01073-00231392-00231551 they've done on your brain
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01074-00231552-00231846 where you actually went into a cessation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01075-00231848-00232039 event that we talked just talked about
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01076-00232040-00232279 where the mind seems to almost shut off
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01077-00232280-00232446 and they put your brain
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01078-00232448-00232639 under and this was a research lab in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01079-00232640-00232782 netherlands that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01080-00232783-00232903 is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01081-00232904-00233094 kind of it's a world-renowned research
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01082-00233096-00233342 center this is top-notch very expensive
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01083-00233344-00233446 equipment
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01084-00233448-00233655 and they
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01085-00233656-00233831 i think it was electro encephalograph
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01086-00233832-00233998 right where they studied your brain
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01087-00234000-00234151 waves as you went through this that's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01088-00234152-00234431 correct that's correct uh it was over
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01089-00234432-00234671 split about over two days into two
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01090-00234671-00234806 different days
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01091-00234807-00235031 and it was through uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01092-00235032-00235239 through two different labs so the first
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01093-00235240-00235327 lab
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01094-00235328-00235558 was looking at how
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01095-00235559-00235775 the mind starts to build what they know
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01096-00235776-00235871 they call
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01097-00235871-00236055 predictive modeling
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01098-00236056-00236206 so what they're trying to figure out is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01099-00236207-00236534 does the brain recognize things
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01100-00236535-00236791 in the way of sounds or does it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01101-00236792-00237079 recognize things in the way of speech so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01102-00237080-00237271 does it recognize words
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01103-00237271-00237503 or does it recognize that this is a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01104-00237504-00237719 made-up word and things like that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01105-00237719-00237879 so that was the first experiment and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01106-00237880-00238039 what they did was yes they hooked me up
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01107-00238040-00238351 to 64 electrodes they also were testing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01108-00238352-00238567 my temperature
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01109-00238567-00238815 my heart rate
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01110-00238816-00239015 respiratory rate
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01111-00239016-00239303 and any kind of subtle movements and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01112-00239304-00239503 things like that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01113-00239504-00239734 and what they found was uh very
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01114-00239735-00239942 interesting which is they they did
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01115-00239944-00240158 different kind of uh measurements for
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01116-00240159-00240375 different levels of the states so one
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01117-00240376-00240591 was a waking state just
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01118-00240592-00240846 neutral nothing going on one was a focus
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01119-00240848-00241167 detention and then one was just that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01120-00241167-00241494 state of cessation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01121-00241496-00241767 and what they saw was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01122-00241767-00241998 the brain actually had more delta
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01123-00242000-00242271 activity
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01124-00242271-00242527 while it was in this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01125-00242528-00242823 uh state of awakeness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01126-00242823-00242998 and then as well as in the same as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01127-00243000-00243327 niroda or or cessation as we say
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01128-00243328-00243630 and what they saw was the the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01129-00243631-00243855 the delta waves were so deep they were
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01130-00243856-00244175 deeper than deep sleep in cessation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01131-00244176-00244430 you're so you're going along and then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01132-00244431-00244598 this cessation happens and then there's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01133-00244600-00244879 these long delta waves very long yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01134-00244880-00245127 very long amplitude delta waves which
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01135-00245128-00245391 are even deeper than deep sleep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01136-00245392-00245527 as as we understand it through
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01137-00245528-00245806 neuroscience right so might so let's say
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01138-00245807-00246071 i mean delta is roughly 0.5 to i think
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01139-00246071-00246246 four hertz and this might have been
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01140-00246248-00246446 closer to the 0.5
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01141-00246448-00246710 range of that right or even lower yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01142-00246711-00246846 yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01143-00246848-00247127 and uh well the the initial findings
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01144-00247128-00247358 from the scientists was that uh they
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01145-00247359-00247527 were kind of surprised to see that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01146-00247528-00247742 because first they thought maybe it was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01147-00247744-00248046 the brain was just basically asleep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01148-00248048-00248287 but they saw that the other mental or
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01149-00248288-00248503 rather the other physical or physio
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01150-00248504-00248775 physiological components of the body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01151-00248776-00249182 were like as if it was still awake
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01152-00249183-00249391 so the heart rate and the respiratory
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01153-00249392-00249567 rate and things like that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01154-00249567-00249734 were like as if they were still awake
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01155-00249735-00249942 but then the mind was completely shut
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01156-00249944-00250023 off
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01157-00250023-00250191 it's comforting to know that your brain
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01158-00250192-00250415 stem is still keeping your body alive
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01159-00250416-00250606 yeah yeah and that's what we would call
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01160-00250607-00250879 in buddhism as vital formations or the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01161-00250880-00251055 ayu sankaras
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01162-00251056-00251230 which keep the metabolism going which
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01163-00251231-00251455 keep the cellular activity in a healthy
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01164-00251456-00251727 way
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01165-00251728-00252175 the other thing that they said was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01166-00252176-00252391 why so that was the first study and in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01167-00252392-00252655 the second study was in a sleep lab
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01168-00252656-00252910 so they had me go into a 90-minute cycle
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01169-00252911-00253079 of sleep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01170-00253080-00253334 and what they were kind of confounded by
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01171-00253335-00253510 was that it looked like the mind was
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01172-00253511-00253710 still awake
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01173-00253711-00253910 uh and so they asked me were you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01174-00253911-00254094 actually asleep or not
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01175-00254096-00254287 but then they saw that the physiological
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01176-00254288-00254471 aspects of the body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01177-00254471-00254727 were like it was in a state of sleep a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01178-00254728-00254879 state of deep sleep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01179-00254880-00255215 but the mind looked like it was awake
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01180-00255216-00255375 and that's your subjective experience
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01181-00255376-00255575 you were aware while the body was going
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01182-00255576-00255798 through a sleep stage yes so the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01183-00255800-00255991 was aware of the different stages of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01184-00255992-00256119 sleep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01185-00256119-00256239 and there was this very sharp
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01186-00256240-00256439 mindfulness as we'll say
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01187-00256440-00256630 and because of that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01188-00256631-00256823 they were kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01189-00256823-00256998 kind of confused by that because there
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01190-00257000-00257271 was more delta activity while the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01191-00257271-00257591 doing its own thing
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01192-00257592-00257775 practically no delta activity while it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01193-00257776-00257894 was asleep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01194-00257896-00258103 and then very deep delta activity while
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01195-00258104-00258303 it was in cessation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01196-00258304-00258542 it's fascinating because
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01197-00258544-00258671 i mean
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01198-00258671-00258846 there's so many things that we could
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01199-00258848-00259127 extrapolate or try to guess at but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01200-00259128-00259263 one of the things that we talk we've
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01201-00259264-00259615 talked about is this idea that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01202-00259616-00259951 the normal waking state for someone is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01203-00259952-00260215 characterized by constant craving in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01204-00260216-00260391 sense of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01205-00260392-00260558 approach and avoidance software that's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01206-00260559-00260791 very old from when we were just very
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01207-00260792-00260975 small organisms you know move away from
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01208-00260976-00261191 the thing that's going to cause us harm
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01209-00261192-00261303 and move towards the thing that will
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01210-00261304-00261567 help us survive and reproduce and this
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01211-00261567-00261823 is just built there's layers on top of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01212-00261823-00261998 it but it's the most primal part of our
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01213-00262000-00262223 brain so but we're doing that all day
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01214-00262224-00262423 long we hear something we either like it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01215-00262424-00262567 or don't like it and that kind of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01216-00262568-00262823 tension is pulling us and we finally get
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01217-00262824-00262999 to relax and sleep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01218-00263000-00263310 and and kind of recover from that day of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01219-00263311-00263527 trauma and it seems like something
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01220-00263528-00263775 different is going on in your brain uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01221-00263776-00264006 you know you're not undergoing that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01222-00264007-00264271 waking trauma the same way
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01223-00264272-00264406 yeah normal brain
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01224-00264407-00264567 yeah i think that's a good that's a good
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01225-00264568-00264782 interpretation of that and that that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01226-00264783-00264999 kind of uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01227-00265000-00265167 that kind of explains a lot of the stuff
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01228-00265168-00265303 that we talk about when we do the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01229-00265304-00265647 relaxed step in this particular practice
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01230-00265648-00265775 because what we're saying is when
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01231-00265776-00265934 there's the craving there's a tightness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01232-00265935-00266103 and tension in the body and we're
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01233-00266104-00266367 letting that go we're relaxing it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01234-00266368-00266575 and you brought up the that primal
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01235-00266576-00266871 activity of the avoidance measure or
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01236-00266872-00266982 you know trying to grab something
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01237-00266983-00267239 whether it's food or meat and that comes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01238-00267240-00267479 from this sense of this identity with
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01239-00267480-00267671 the body and the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01240-00267672-00267863 and even that also has a very subtle
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01241-00267864-00268103 agitation subtle tension
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01242-00268104-00268534 and so the way sometimes i explain it is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01243-00268535-00268679 like for example a piece of chocolate
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01244-00268680-00268823 cake you see a piece of chocolate cake
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01245-00268824-00269071 you get hungry and the the mind is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01246-00269072-00269310 agitated by it and it craves it and then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01247-00269311-00269439 when you have that piece of chocolate
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01248-00269440-00269655 cake you kind of relax
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01249-00269656-00269895 you you're satisfied you've satisfied
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01250-00269896-00270151 that craving but this this whole process
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01251-00270152-00270455 is about what about if you could relax
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01252-00270456-00270671 without having to satisfy that craving
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01253-00270672-00270863 and so you're reconditioning
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01254-00270864-00271095 the body-mind mechanism to say that you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01255-00271096-00271351 can still be relaxed and you don't need
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01256-00271352-00271519 to crave yourself you don't need to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01257-00271520-00271695 satisfy your cravings
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01258-00271696-00271919 and and so then eventually it comes to a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01259-00271920-00272039 point
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01260-00272040-00272423 where craving is ceased altogether
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01261-00272424-00272630 it's amazing and it reminds me from a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01262-00272631-00272863 neuroscience perspective basically the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01263-00272864-00273079 dopamine reward system
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01264-00273080-00273295 is they used to think really the the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01265-00273296-00273471 pleasure molecule was dopamine but it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01266-00273472-00273719 turns out it's more of a motivation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01267-00273720-00273830 chemical
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01268-00273831-00274030 and it creates this agitated i gotta
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01269-00274031-00274182 have it state
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01270-00274183-00274287 so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01271-00274288-00274487 you just think about the chocolate cake
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01272-00274488-00274751 you get this hit of dopamine your mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01273-00274752-00274895 starts to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01274-00274896-00275103 really latch on to that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01275-00275104-00275358 and it's not the dope the agitated
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01276-00275359-00275495 feeling doesn't go away until you get
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01277-00275496-00275710 the cake yeah and as you've just said
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01278-00275711-00275895 instead of giving it the cake and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01279-00275896-00276071 strengthening that circuit that says all
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01280-00276072-00276182 right i'm going to have another thought
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01281-00276183-00276423 about cake and then they'll feed me
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01282-00276424-00276679 kind of the mind getting you to be a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01283-00276680-00276934 slave almost
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01284-00276935-00277103 instead
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01285-00277104-00277343 you're relaxing that feeling and not
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01286-00277344-00277519 keeping your attention on it and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01287-00277520-00277791 bringing up a wholesome content state so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01288-00277792-00278071 the mind learns to just stay be content
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01289-00278072-00278406 with and and gets a reward in that sense
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01290-00278407-00278655 from relaxation instead of learning that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01291-00278656-00278830 it needs to get the cake before it can
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01292-00278831-00279127 finally relax and stop being agitated
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01293-00279128-00279358 exactly so exactly so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01294-00279359-00279510 and i also wanted to point out a very
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01295-00279511-00279719 interesting part of that finding in the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01296-00279720-00280030 research which has to do with intention
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01297-00280031-00280382 and determinations oh yeah so basically
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01298-00280383-00280582 when we talk about determinations we go
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01299-00280583-00280743 through a process of determining how
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01300-00280744-00280934 long the mind will be in a certain genre
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01301-00280935-00281182 so that's the initial exercise and then
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01302-00281183-00281351 finally you move your way up to the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01303-00281352-00281487 cessation perception feeling and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01304-00281488-00281710 unconsciousness
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01305-00281711-00281919 and what i told the researchers was that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01306-00281920-00282110 about 10 minutes in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01307-00282111-00282399 the mind is going to go into cessation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01308-00282400-00282615 and at the 90 minute mark it will come
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01309-00282616-00282703 out
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01310-00282704-00282991 and what they found from the from the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01311-00282992-00283247 reading was that at the exact ten minute
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01312-00283248-00283367 mark
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01313-00283368-00283551 everything stopped everything like
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01314-00283552-00283855 slowed down and it went into cessation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01315-00283856-00283991 and then at the 90 minute mark
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01316-00283992-00284230 everything started coming back up again
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01317-00284231-00284319 and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01318-00284320-00284471 they were kind of spooked by that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01319-00284472-00284695 because
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01320-00284696-00284951 understandably yeah so there's an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01321-00284952-00285143 interesting thing about intention that's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01322-00285144-00285358 that's happening in the mind
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01323-00285359-00285487 where
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01324-00285488-00285606 somehow
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01325-00285607-00285758 probably the vital formations that are
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01326-00285759-00285982 dependent upon that intention continue
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01327-00285983-00286182 to keep the body alive
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01328-00286183-00286327 and then there's some kind of an
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01329-00286328-00286606 internal biological timer that knows
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01330-00286607-00286871 that at some point at the 90 minute mark
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01331-00286872-00287143 it's time to get back up yeah but
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01332-00287144-00287367 the question there is because
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01333-00287368-00287679 time is subjective but somehow the body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01334-00287680-00287975 or the brain or the mind is able to be
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01335-00287976-00288230 in in sync with what would what we could
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01336-00288231-00288454 call probably absolute time or however
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01337-00288455-00288710 we want to call it yeah to me this makes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01338-00288711-00288975 no sense on a biological level because
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01339-00288976-00289223 even though we have a circadian clock
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01340-00289224-00289487 it's not set perfectly to our
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01341-00289488-00289799 conventional time that's kept on clocks
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01342-00289800-00290143 and it's also not uh well the circadian
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01343-00290144-00290358 rhythm is baked into our biology but not
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01344-00290359-00290551 this you know
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01345-00290552-00290830 time not clocks uh
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01346-00290831-00290934 so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01347-00290935-00291134 one theory i thought of is just we look
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01348-00291135-00291303 at clocks enough throughout our lives
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01349-00291304-00291519 that you might have on this very deep
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01350-00291520-00291782 subconscious level a perfect timer
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01351-00291783-00291927 almost by now
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01352-00291928-00292215 but uh it's it's hard not to it's hard
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01353-00292216-00292358 to explain in our current understanding
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01354-00292359-00292510 of science it to me it's just really
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01355-00292511-00292703 incredible yeah
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01356-00292704-00292982 and you can do this for up to seven days
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01357-00292983-00293175 right you can stay in cessation for up
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01358-00293176-00293454 to seven days that's right um
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01359-00293455-00293671 after seven days uh that's when the body
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01360-00293672-00293863 starts to wind down in terms of its
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01361-00293864-00294063 metabolism and energy
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01362-00294064-00294271 and it can be dangerous
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01363-00294272-00294382 so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01364-00294383-00294582 you know the recommended and i mean it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01365-00294583-00294751 is really up to seven days that's really
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01366-00294752-00295047 all it is um
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01367-00295048-00295327 and the other thing to understand is
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01368-00295328-00295615 this whole process of uh staying in in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01369-00295616-00295863 cessation why would you want to do it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01370-00295864-00296006 you know what is the what is the whole
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01371-00296007-00296351 point of doing it and really it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01372-00296352-00296599 it's basically switching off the mind i
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01373-00296600-00296751 mean can you imagine what it would be
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01374-00296752-00296967 like to just it's not even a nap it's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01375-00296968-00297223 like deeper deeper than a nap or deeper
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01376-00297224-00297487 than any kind of sleep and rest
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01377-00297488-00297647 and that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01378-00297648-00297863 probably gives an extra jolt of energy
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01379-00297864-00298063 to the nervous system
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01380-00298064-00298263 and what you will notice if somebody
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01381-00298264-00298479 goes through this process of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01382-00298480-00298719 cessation comes out of it they notice
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01383-00298720-00298927 that their senses are much sharper as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01384-00298928-00299015 well
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01385-00299016-00299191 so somehow the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01386-00299192-00299479 the the sense of color is more vibrant
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01387-00299480-00299687 it's almost like they're hyper aware and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01388-00299688-00299887 there's like a hyper realism to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01389-00299888-00300039 everything that you're experiencing in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01390-00300040-00300167 that
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01391-00300168-00300263 so you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01392-00300264-00300551 feel really energized after you come out
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01393-00300552-00300847 of the cessation yes
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01394-00300848-00301095 it's incredible stuff delson and thanks
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01395-00301096-00301247 for walking us through you know your
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01396-00301248-00301406 full practice history and some of the
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01397-00301407-00301527 science and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01398-00301528-00301767 it's just my hope that as this as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01399-00301768-00302039 researchers gain more of an interest in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01400-00302040-00302271 this stuff and take it seriously
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01401-00302272-00302358 as
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01402-00302359-00302567 replicable experiences that people have
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01403-00302568-00302751 that you can train
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01404-00302752-00302879 that there's more research and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01405-00302880-00303071 understanding that comes out of it
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01406-00303072-00303158 and
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01407-00303159-00303343 i guess for folks who are interested in
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01408-00303344-00303575 starting the practice we'll put some
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01409-00303576-00303758 links to the twin
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01410-00303759-00304054 practice and the twin retreats below
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01411-00304055-00304206 also shameless plug you can check out
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01412-00304207-00304367 the fitmind app if you want it's a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01413-00304368-00304558 mobile guided meditation
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01414-00304559-00304806 um and delson you've got a book that's
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01415-00304807-00305047 just come out right yes so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01416-00305048-00305175 i think you'll probably just put links
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01417-00305176-00305430 in there if you want but um there's two
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01418-00305431-00305671 books i want to shamelessly plot great
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01419-00305672-00305847 one is david johnson's the path to
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01420-00305848-00305975 nibana
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01421-00305976-00306127 which actually takes you this through
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01422-00306128-00306343 this whole process of jhanas so it will
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01423-00306344-00306495 tell you everything that we've been
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01424-00306496-00306687 talking about in a very detailed way
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01425-00306688-00306879 yeah and the second book is called a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01426-00306880-00307158 mind without craving it just released so
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01427-00307159-00307391 it's available on amazon and a couple of
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01428-00307392-00307558 other websites
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01429-00307559-00307719 great well thanks nelson this has been a
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01430-00307720-00308958 lot of fun thank you
+5pgqEx8y6bg-01431-00308959-00309168 you
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00000-00001094-00001671 thank you
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00001-00001672-00002275 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00002-00002276-00002666 hey Mace I love you Mommy
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00003-00002667-00003260 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00004-00003261-00004333 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00005-00004334-00004500 thank you
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00006-00004501-00005651 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00007-00005652-00005897 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00008-00005898-00006148 foreign
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00009-00006149-00006503 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00010-00006504-00006912 foreign
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00011-00006913-00008115 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00012-00008116-00009535 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00013-00009536-00009977 hey mates I love you Mommy
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00014-00009978-00010506 foreign
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00016-00013752-00014158 foreign
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00017-00014159-00015365 [Music]
+5pl1a1xD1SA-00018-00015366-00016919 [Music]
+5O6xw05tRGI-00000-00000144-00002142 [Music]
+5O6xw05tRGI-00001-00002143-00002366 so
+5O6xw05tRGI-00002-00002367-00003495 [Music]
+5O6xw05tRGI-00003-00003496-00003854 so
+5O6xw05tRGI-00004-00003856-00005743 [Music]
+5O6xw05tRGI-00005-00005744-00005984 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00000-00000261-00001458 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00001-00001459-00001673 no no no no
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00002-00001673-00001820 no no
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00003-00001821-00001984 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00004-00001985-00002442 no no no
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00005-00002443-00002645 no no no no
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00006-00002646-00002849 ah
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00007-00002850-00003112 thank you
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00008-00003113-00004298 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00009-00004299-00004475 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00010-00004476-00004605 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00012-00007842-00008101 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00013-00008102-00008805 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00014-00008806-00009650 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00015-00009651-00010595 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00016-00010596-00010741 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00017-00010742-00011213 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00018-00011214-00011402 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00019-00011403-00013066 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00020-00013068-00014915 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00021-00014916-00015028 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00022-00015029-00017908 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00023-00017909-00018087 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00024-00018088-00020181 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00025-00020182-00021053 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00026-00021054-00021432 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00027-00021433-00022836 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00028-00022837-00023927 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00029-00023928-00024299 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00030-00024300-00024898 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00032-00028044-00029486 foreign
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00033-00029487-00030487 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00034-00030488-00031120 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00035-00031122-00032081 [Music]
+5O9vdoDNTAU-00036-00032082-00032294 thank you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00000-00000003-00000305 okay so you got it in one mm setup and
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00001-00000306-00000539 somehow by some miracle it's all working
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00002-00000540-00000728 it took me quite a while to get this
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00003-00000729-00001022 just set up and you want to go contest
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00004-00001023-00001190 but you also want to stream so like this
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00005-00001191-00001420 picture you see right here this kind of
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00006-00001421-00001589 looks like what a streamer like a like a
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00007-00001590-00001937 contest streamer would put up as a you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00008-00001938-00002092 know on it on the screen like this would
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00009-00002093-00002284 be sent straight to twitch and it'd be
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00010-00002285-00002626 cool but there's an there's a very very
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00011-00002627-00002985 very important role and then we use the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00012-00002986-00003311 qso party we pull up the browser really
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00013-00003311-00003809 quick so there's a ham fish and qso
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00014-00003810-00003935 party and this this is for like
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00015-00003936-00004190 basically every contest and if you read
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00016-00004191-00004544 the rules only sing Robert Kennedy's you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00017-00004545-00004711 may use assistance such as the cluster
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00018-00004712-00004877 and reverse beacon Network if you go
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00019-00004878-00005024 back to and win mmm that looks like
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00020-00005025-00005311 that's what this is the the telnet
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00021-00005312-00005672 cluster window which populates the I can
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00022-00005673-00005806 get and one of them to put all the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00023-00005807-00006026 windows back which populates this side
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00024-00006027-00006170 of the screen on the far left you see
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00025-00006171-00006418 here so you can like click on a station
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00026-00006419-00006664 and jump to that person's frequency so
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00027-00006665-00006869 you can work them really quickly and
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00028-00006870-00007253 hopefully the radio also jumped yeah 2 1
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00029-00007254-00007735 4 2 4 5 and also when you move the vfo
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00030-00007736-00007996 that that little reticule kind of moves
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00031-00007997-00008410 with it right but that's the telnet
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00032-00008411-00008667 that's the cluster that's what basically
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00033-00008668-00008966 is assistance because you're getting
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00034-00008967-00009424 assisted to find other stations using no
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00035-00009425-00009584 assistance means you turn the telling it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00036-00009585-00009835 off and you rely on just spinning the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00037-00009836-00010235 dial to find stations so but then it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00038-00010236-00010370 also says no self spotting now
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00039-00010371-00010571 traditionally what this means
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00040-00010572-00010976 so spotting is basically you if you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00041-00010977-00011192 scroll by and you listen to a station
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00042-00011193-00011885 you and your works a or w5y Zed I mean
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00043-00011886-00012149 just send a bogus number 50
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00044-00012150-00012638 I can click spot it and I'm not going to
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00045-00012639-00012776 do that because it's going to send the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00046-00012777-00013069 spot over the network but when I do that
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00047-00013070-00013238 it's going to send the spot to the town
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00048-00013238-00013368 that cluster and so everyone
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00049-00013369-00013533 to the telnet cluster we'll get notified
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00050-00013534-00013752 well notified is kind of a broad term
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00051-00013753-00013926 but it will show up on the telnet
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00052-00013927-00014285 cluster at this frequency
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00053-00014286-00014535 now you can see how you can cheat with
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00054-00014536-00014805 this if I said for example I put my own
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00055-00014806-00015066 callsign in there and I click spot it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00056-00015066-00015306 then I've spotted myself that's self
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00057-00015307-00015582 spotting if you catch my drift if you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00058-00015583-00015828 hopefully I explained that spotting kind
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00059-00015829-00016152 of system such such that self spotting
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00060-00016153-00016353 makes sense right it's when you spot
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00061-00016354-00016593 yourself on the DX cluster so this is
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00062-00016594-00016809 giving you an unfair advantage because
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00063-00016810-00016974 normally you have to rely on other
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00064-00016975-00017238 people to spot you so when you throw
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00065-00017239-00017457 streaming into the mix this adds kind of
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00066-00017458-00017820 a complication if you will so if you see
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00067-00017821-00018165 on screen I have that's what's right
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00068-00018166-00018291 here
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00069-00018292-00018705 I have everywhere I have my frequency so
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00070-00018706-00018942 when you're streaming you have to be
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00071-00018943-00019119 cognizant that you're not giving away
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00072-00019120-00019449 your your basically your your frequency
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00073-00019450-00019743 because that technically is spotting
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00074-00019744-00019983 like you are telling people through some
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00075-00019984-00020253 means that you are on this frequency so
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00076-00020254-00020487 if I started calling c.q on 14 2 5 7
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00077-00020488-00020724 right now and like maybe fifty hundred
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00078-00020725-00020897 people were watching my stream they
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00079-00020898-00021081 would know immediately like oh I can
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00080-00021082-00021258 just go to 14 to five seven and find you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00081-00021259-00021407 and so you you have an unfair advantage
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00082-00021408-00021644 against your other competitors now
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00083-00021645-00021788 there's a lot of controversy with this
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00084-00021789-00022035 with with the whole video streaming of
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00085-00022036-00022293 contest because maybe even if you you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00086-00022294-00022572 know block out all of these characters
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00087-00022573-00022815 and such or all of these frequencies
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00088-00022816-00023058 you're still inviting like extra
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00089-00023059-00023211 attention that your fellow contest or
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00090-00023212-00023372 doesn't have but like that hasn't been
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00091-00023373-00023589 figured out yet so for now it's the Wild
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00092-00023590-00023781 West right and let everyone debate while
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00093-00023782-00024096 you know we figure out what's you know
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00094-00024097-00024324 what's we well we basically make new
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00095-00024325-00024725 rules for this kind of thing cables up
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00096-00024726-00025094 so to avoid self spotting and to make it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00097-00025095-00025455 easier on yourself right to not have to
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00098-00025456-00025638 worry about the naysayers or actually
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00099-00025639-00025812 basically not have to worry about
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00100-00025813-00026027 disqualifying yourself from the contest
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00101-00026027-00026489 is to block out all of your frequencies
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00102-00026491-00026754 that show up and it might be hotter
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00103-00026755-00026993 it's harder than it sounds so first of
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00104-00026994-00027314 all one thing I haven't shown is OBS is
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00105-00027315-00027618 this software that I used to stream and
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00106-00027619-00027774 it's going to do this kind of cool thing
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00107-00027775-00028049 but here you can see actually let me do
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00108-00028050-00028392 now I can't do but here you can see like
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00109-00028393-00028739 what I see on on the streaming system I
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00110-00028740-00028920 wish I got like pause this but it'll
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00111-00028920-00029229 make me anyway so I have it's set up to
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00112-00029230-00029502 capture my right desktop it has my with
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00113-00029502-00029714 this webcam the webcam down on the radio
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00114-00029714-00030002 it this is for this is my streaming
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00115-00030003-00030218 thing it's just the chat window catches
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00116-00030219-00030414 my microphone as well as the display so
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00117-00030414-00030576 it's showing my right display on my to
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00118-00030577-00030777 monitor window which is all of this
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00119-00030777-00031127 stuff so I pull it back in the way that
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00120-00031128-00031593 you can create basically boxes how to
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00121-00031594-00032045 like block this is by using a color
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00122-00032046-00032480 source and I'll just call this sensor I
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00123-00032481-00032958 think this will work click OK and then
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00124-00032959-00033483 I'll select you can select any color and
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00125-00033484-00033858 you make it really small let me kind of
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00126-00033859-00034179 move things around and then effectively
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00127-00034180-00034502 I'm censoring that frequency there and
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00128-00034503-00034839 I'm gonna have to kind of finagle
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00129-00034840-00035045 because it looks like it's set by this
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00130-00035046-00035298 maybe I can use ctrl or alt to change
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00131-00035299-00036042 the dimensions no oh yeah here we go so
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00132-00036043-00036320 you put that there and I'm using the alt
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00133-00036321-00036674 + drag to create a sensor over that
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00134-00036675-00037074 frequency in the radio yeah so this
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00135-00037075-00037323 should work right now I'm still giving
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00136-00037324-00037802 my frequency way in many many spots let
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00137-00037803-00038145 me show you put that back over there and
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00138-00038146-00038333 just basically we're gonna copy this
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00139-00038334-00038580 command and do it over and over and over
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00140-00038581-00038612 again
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00141-00038613-00038777 so I've obscured the frequency of the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00142-00038778-00038970 radio but I'm you can still see at the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00143-00038971-00039345 very bottom if I take my pin here I
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00144-00039346-00039582 still have my frequency on this spectrum
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00145-00039583-00039770 display like fourteen point two fourteen
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00146-00039771-00039887 point three and that sensor point is
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00147-00039888-00040065 where I am so
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00148-00040066-00040266 you have to block that too or perhaps
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00149-00040267-00040518 you can go into the settings and change
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00150-00040519-00040830 such that this looks like an audio at
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00151-00040831-00041058 this this basically shows the audio
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00152-00041059-00041301 frequency from 0 to like 3 kilohertz and
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00153-00041302-00041771 I think that's in the settings somewhere
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00154-00041772-00042333 but you might not have it 7300 so it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00155-00042334-00042648 might be different for you we'll just
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00156-00042649-00042884 say it is for the sake of brevity
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00157-00042885-00043128 otherwise I would have to block that by
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00158-00043129-00043443 copying let me open up get back to OBS
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00159-00043444-00044075 you can copy and then paste duplicate
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00160-00044076-00044496 and then I can use that and move move it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00161-00044497-00044868 down to this one and I'm using the Alt
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00162-00044869-00045492 key again to block that so I've got that
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00163-00045493-00045711 one covered now I'm gonna move OBS back
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00164-00045712-00046047 and that's the only two of mini so other
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00165-00046048-00046206 places and when M shows your frequency
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00166-00046207-00046488 so the band map is is pretty much a dead
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00167-00046489-00046650 giveaway even if you block out the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00168-00046651-00046818 frequency so let me like block these out
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00169-00046819-00047250 too by copying some more I'll put it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00170-00047251-00047724 over here use the Alt key again to make
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00171-00047725-00048054 it sighs I'll put that there I'll copy
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00172-00048055-00048399 it again there's one in this window up
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00173-00048400-00048948 at the top I'll block that I'll copy it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00174-00048949-00049587 again and basically I have to cover up
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00175-00049588-00050040 this whole whole side of the screen I'm
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00176-00050041-00050196 just blocked out the entire thing but
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00177-00050197-00050546 that's just the way it's working for me
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00178-00050547-00051063 it is kind of kludgy to to do this
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00179-00051064-00051282 because it wants to force the aspect
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00180-00051283-00051689 ratio to stay unless you use the Alt key
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00181-00051690-00052011 now it you can say what band you're in I
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00182-00052012-00052224 don't think that's a problem I might be
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00183-00052225-00052370 though so don't quote me on that
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00184-00052371-00052611 so I'll just block that out honestly you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00185-00052612-00052730 could block out the whole band map
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00186-00052732-00053082 because arguably if somebody sees FH for
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00187-00053083-00053440 Zed Zed they could just go on to
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00188-00053441-00053936 DX summit which would be like here or
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00189-00053937-00054213 they could look you up right because
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00190-00054214-00054351 somebody is inevitably going to spot you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00191-00054352-00054478 if you're C queuing and you're having a
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00192-00054479-00054612 run but if they aren't and you're having
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00193-00054613-00054865 struggles they can spot somebody they
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00194-00054866-00055009 can look for somebody spotted right next
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00195-00055010-00055377 to you like f4 what was it called again
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00196-00055378-00055619 [Music]
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00197-00055620-00055999 gotta find the band chart oh yeah okay
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00198-00056000-00056173 two R's ed is right next to me
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00199-00056174-00056613 okay 2rz and i can see that he is at 14
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00200-00056614-00056949 256 which is pretty much right where I'm
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00201-00056950-00057168 at 14 to 57 and then you can kind of
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00202-00057169-00057657 tune around and find me so arguably you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00203-00057658-00057980 might want to block out the entire map
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00204-00057981-00058273 minimize that the entire band map but I
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00205-00058274-00058467 won't do that for now a couple of the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00206-00058468-00058696 things you want to block out is the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00207-00058697-00058950 frequency so I'm gonna paste again let
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00208-00058951-00059416 me copy paste again this frequency chart
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00209-00059416-00059868 in the window is has got to go in the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00210-00059869-00060109 log window has got to go because when
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00211-00060110-00060225 you work stations it's going to show
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00212-00060226-00060399 what frequency you've worked a month
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00213-00060400-00060657 what else let's see
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00214-00060658-00061048 am I missing anything else probably but
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00215-00061049-00061411 I think that might be it for now that's
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00216-00061412-00061707 basically how you do it how you obscure
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00217-00061708-00062065 your frequency reports on screen so you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00218-00062066-00062329 can so stream without self spotting now
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00219-00062329-00062526 this is up for this is still up for
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00220-00062527-00062775 debate like it's a huge controversy in
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00221-00062776-00062935 some of the seek like some of the I
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00222-00062936-00063216 would call it the the reflectors the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00223-00063217-00063571 email lists and whatnot so your mileage
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00224-00063572-00063865 may vary it's up to the contest runners
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00225-00063866-00064038 to disqualify you or not so if this is
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00226-00064039-00064269 adequate then that's great but if they
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00227-00064270-00064401 say oh you're streaming and that's
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00228-00064402-00064668 inviting you extra attention that's
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00229-00064669-00064849 going to get you more points than they
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00230-00064850-00065007 might disqualify you so there's always
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00231-00065008-00065226 the option of submitting a check log I'm
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00232-00065227-00065466 kind of working on steering the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00233-00065467-00065775 community if you will such that we can
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00234-00065776-00066051 do streaming and contests competitively
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00235-00066052-00066346 at the same time just like an eSport but
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00236-00066347-00066579 it's pretty hard I would say one option
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00237-00066580-00066762 would be to submit a check log and
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00238-00066763-00066812 everyone who
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00239-00066813-00067061 it's a check log can go to a separate
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00240-00067062-00067304 site and be scored with people who
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00241-00067305-00067487 streamed as well separate from the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00242-00067488-00067643 regular contest errs but that's kind of
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00243-00067644-00067898 annoying and it kind of kind of hurts my
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00244-00067899-00068111 contest contesting passion for not being
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00245-00068112-00068321 scored with my other compadres who are
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00246-00068322-00068579 also contesting but you know for the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00247-00068580-00068765 time being that might be a solution but
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00248-00068766-00069110 right now there's no one saying nobody
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00249-00069111-00069287 putting contests together that are
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00250-00069288-00069464 saying you may not you shall not stream
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00251-00069465-00069785 okay so hopefully that helps basically
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00252-00069786-00070280 to recap use OBS it's a it's a big you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00253-00070281-00070499 know pain in the butt to set up but it's
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00254-00070500-00070628 so I won't go in that there's many many
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00255-00070629-00070903 videos on how do you set up OBS but use
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00256-00070904-00071276 image color sources to block out
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00257-00071277-00071669 frequencies on the screen and it's
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00258-00071670-00071914 really like hard to picture it on here
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00259-00071915-00072329 because obviously like I can't show you
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00260-00072330-00072617 what m1m looks like and streaming on OB
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00261-00072618-00072860 our record on OBS at the same time but
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00262-00072861-00072980 take my word for it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00263-00072981-00073178 actually I'll use my phone and grab a
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00264-00073179-00073511 picture here so kind of a outside view
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00265-00073512-00073655 here's kind of what it looks like again
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00266-00073656-00073991 I have all of these blocks these black
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00267-00073992-00074456 blocks here here here here and you can
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00268-00074457-00074690 move these around you can change the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00269-00074691-00074822 size of them but notice how when I
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00270-00074823-00074987 change it it maintains the aspect ratio
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00271-00074988-00075338 so if you use the Alt key and then drag
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00272-00075339-00075566 I wonder if I can do this with a camera
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00273-00075567-00075824 and then drag you can see now it's kind
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00274-00075825-00076169 of like making more sense and then I've
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00275-00076170-00076373 got one covering this screen I've got it
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00276-00076374-00076652 covering the band you can see down at
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00277-00076653-00076838 the bottom it's giving away the band
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00278-00076839-00076964 that you're on the frequency you're on
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00279-00076965-00077171 you can cover up the band you can cover
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00280-00077172-00077324 up anything in there so that's basically
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00281-00077325-00077588 the gist of it so thanks for watching I
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00282-00077589-00077738 hope this helped do and see you on the
+5PlG6UJUiOQ-00283-00077739-00077978 contest
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00000-00000003-00000451 live from San Francisco it's the cube
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00001-00000451-00000881 covering Google cloud next nineteen not
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00002-00000882-00001157 to you by Google cloud and its ecosystem
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00003-00001158-00001445 partners hey welcome back every once
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00004-00001446-00001577 accused live coverage here in San
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00005-00001578-00001820 Francisco and Moscone South were on the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00006-00001821-00001979 ground floor here Google Next
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00007-00001980-00002141 Google's cloud conference I'm Cheverus
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00008-00002142-00002330 too many men Dave Volante is also host
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00009-00002331-00002483 he's out there getting stories our next
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00010-00002484-00002705 two guests Dana Berg chief operating
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00011-00002706-00002879 officer sada and Chris Lehman head of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00012-00002880-00003080 engineering Masada guys welcome to the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00013-00003081-00003229 cube thanks for joining us were here on
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00014-00003230-00003425 the ground or thank you if is exciting I
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00015-00003426-00003622 feel like it's a movie star right here
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00016-00003623-00003836 it's it's game day here all the tech a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00017-00003836-00003950 fleet soar out they've look at the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00018-00003951-00004115 people to show look at the demographics
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00019-00004116-00004411 hardcore developers a lot of IT leaders
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00020-00004412-00004691 also here cloud architects a lot of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00021-00004692-00004802 people trying to figure it out we heard
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00022-00004803-00004945 the keynote Google is bringing a lot to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00023-00004946-00005143 the table so what's new with you guys
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00024-00005144-00005306 you guys recently sold your Microsoft
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00025-00005307-00005492 business going all-in on Google talk
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00026-00005493-00005801 about that relationship we are this is a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00027-00005802-00006202 brand new day for sadha the energy
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00028-00006203-00006514 around this place where we are in the in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00029-00006515-00006721 the market and and and where we are with
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00030-00006722-00006959 the expanded attendance here has
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00031-00006959-00007208 actually reaffirmed our business
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00032-00007209-00007451 strategy to go all-in with Google I
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00033-00007452-00007670 don't know if you are aware but sada has
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00034-00007670-00007994 been around for almost 20 years
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00035-00007995-00008203 historically have always been leaders in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00036-00008204-00008369 bringing people to the cloud even before
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00037-00008370-00008537 there was really much of a cloud we were
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00038-00008538-00008795 a you know a pilot partner within
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00039-00008796-00009074 Microsoft and Google and had a great
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00040-00009075-00009326 thriving Microsoft business but an even
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00041-00009327-00009578 bigger Google business and you know we
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00042-00009579-00009778 looked at the tea leaves we looked at
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00043-00009779-00010081 where we wanted to be and aligned with a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00044-00010082-00010303 with a with a company that shared our
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00045-00010304-00010513 mission and values and it was a clear
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00046-00010514-00010898 choice we chose Google we made a very
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00047-00010899-00011188 specific and deliberate act to sell off
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00048-00011189-00011387 our Microsoft business so that we could
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00049-00011388-00011648 take the horsepower of all of our
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00050-00011649-00011870 engineering staff and apply them to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00051-00011871-00012053 Google it's interesting you know we've
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00052-00012054-00012199 we've been around for 10 years doing the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00053-00012200-00012370 queue got a lot of events I mean Dave a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00054-00012371-00012470 lot they stew and I've been around for
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00055-00012471-00012649 30 years covering the IT you guys 20
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00056-00012650-00012841 years you guys have seen many ways of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00057-00012842-00012896 innovation
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00058-00012897-00013116 come and go yeah now you're going all in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00059-00013116-00013296 on Google what's it what is it about
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00060-00013297-00013511 this wave right now that made that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00061-00013512-00013703 decision what do you guys see see
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00062-00013704-00013947 something early here yeah span down on
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00063-00013947-00014078 that give us some color commentary
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00064-00014079-00014339 because there's a wave here right tries
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00065-00014340-00014550 it's a combination of things and we saw
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00066-00014551-00014703 the client-server thing we saw that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00067-00014704-00014850 movement oh so the internet we said the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00068-00014851-00015080 web mobile now it's cloud what's the big
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00069-00015081-00015278 wave what are you guys riding I think
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00070-00015279-00015402 there's a couple of things that I think
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00071-00015403-00015777 it's unique to two philosophically how
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00072-00015778-00015980 we think of our real special
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00073-00015981-00016163 relationship with Google there is a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00074-00016165-00016397 momentum right and not to quote like a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00075-00016398-00016560 Bernie Sanders but seems like there's a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00076-00016561-00016778 revolution going on here right and and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00077-00016779-00017069 you know I think you know what we see
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00078-00017070-00017228 when we look around and we hear
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00079-00017229-00017381 conversations and even with our
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00080-00017382-00017742 customers the way that we're all winning
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00081-00017743-00017930 together is because we're winning the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00082-00017931-00018153 hearts and minds of the people inside of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00083-00018154-00018291 our customer base that are actually the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00084-00018292-00018522 ones responsible for inventing and the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00085-00018523-00018888 ones responsible for building so when
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00086-00018889-00019080 we're in boardrooms and we're selling
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00087-00019081-00019386 and along with Google what we're talking
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00088-00019387-00019524 with developers we're talking with
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00089-00019525-00019737 designers we're talking about people
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00090-00019738-00019937 that are actually driving the vision for
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00091-00019938-00020139 these business applications we're not
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00092-00020140-00020514 always talking to the CIO down like some
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00093-00020515-00020681 of our other competitors seems to have
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00094-00020682-00020858 only been able to sell that way we're
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00095-00020859-00021036 talking about the people responsible for
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00096-00021037-00021206 not only constructing it but maintaining
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00097-00021207-00021428 it so that revolution is there these
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00098-00021429-00021719 these folks are bubbling that up and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00099-00021720-00021890 they're seeing the real value inside of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00100-00021891-00022103 Google and and what is that value from
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00101-00022104-00022242 our point of view and why did we make
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00102-00022243-00022419 such a bold statement just to stick with
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00103-00022420-00022683 Google is and we saw Thomas today echo
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00104-00022684-00022905 this I think there's very few cloud
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00105-00022906-00023250 providers that are bold enough to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00106-00023251-00023553 actually lead with the fact that we want
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00107-00023554-00023755 our customers to have full choice
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00108-00023756-00024075 whether you're using GCP or not we want
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00109-00024076-00024284 to build architect and manufacture a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00110-00024285-00024500 product offering that allows you to keep
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00111-00024501-00024771 your stuff in your data centers move
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00112-00024772-00024953 your stuff to AWS
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00113-00024954-00025192 that power of choice is really not like
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00114-00025193-00025355 what we've never heard anywhere else and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00115-00025356-00025460 then on top of that too you got an
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00116-00025461-00025612 application Renaissance right a whole
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00117-00025613-00025822 new way of coding infrastructure that's
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00118-00025823-00026059 programmable and going away I mean if
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00119-00026060-00026189 you think about what that does to the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00120-00026189-00026395 existing infrastructures they can now
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00121-00026397-00026568 mix and match and re-architect
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00122-00026569-00026871 everything from scratch and accelerate
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00123-00026872-00027190 the app movement well that's absolutely
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00124-00027191-00027364 true and a lot of that has to do with
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00125-00027366-00027512 the fact that there are managed services
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00126-00027513-00027680 in the cloud which makes it dramatically
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00127-00027681-00027845 easier to build applications of course
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00128-00027845-00028055 so there's no question about that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00129-00028056-00028325 some of the offerings on GCP are
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00130-00028326-00028564 particularly attractive for our clients
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00131-00028566-00028814 particularly the managed kubernetes
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00132-00028814-00029176 service that's where we're seeing
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00133-00029177-00029602 perhaps most of the interest that we're
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00134-00029603-00029740 seeing like that's a very common theme
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00135-00029741-00030014 also the ml stack is an area that our
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00136-00030014-00030196 customers are very interested in yeah
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00137-00030197-00030401 yeah Chris can you bring us in some of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00138-00030402-00030575 those customer environments you know
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00139-00030576-00030712 what one of the things here oh you know
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00140-00030713-00030914 most customers it's I've got my
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00141-00030914-00031093 application portfolio modernizing that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00142-00031094-00031217 is pretty challenging there are some
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00143-00031218-00031400 things that are kind of easy some things
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00144-00031401-00031612 that take a lot more work but you know
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00145-00031613-00031760 migration is one of those things that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00146-00031761-00031927 makes most people that have been in idea
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00147-00031928-00032174 while cringe because there's always the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00148-00032175-00032357 devil in the details and something goes
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00149-00032358-00032545 wrong once you've got 95 percent done
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00150-00032547-00032720 you know what are you seeing what's
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00151-00032720-00032954 working what's not working how's the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00152-00032955-00033107 role of data changing and all of that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00153-00033108-00033581 I think migrations are usually more
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00154-00033582-00033843 complex than they at first appear and so
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00155-00033844-00034180 even with best intentions thinking that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00156-00034181-00034430 customers can just move their workloads
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00157-00034431-00034646 seamlessly to the cloud have actually in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00158-00034647-00034907 practice been more challenging so some
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00159-00034908-00035177 of the areas that we find challenges are
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00160-00035178-00035405 around data migration suspect especially
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00161-00035406-00035740 in the context of zero downtime that's
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00162-00035741-00035936 always more difficult than with
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00163-00035937-00036179 applications so that's definitely an
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00164-00036180-00036482 area that were we're spending a lot of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00165-00036483-00036639 time working with our customers to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00166-00036640-00037008 deliver ok and I just to add to that I
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00167-00037009-00037235 have to keep reminding myself of the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00168-00037236-00037418 name but obviously the anthos
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00169-00037419-00037710 announcement today
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00170-00037711-00038079 sounds incredibly intriguing as a lower
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00171-00038080-00038399 barrier of effort to actually migrate
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00172-00038400-00038622 you know our customers have been trying
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00173-00038623-00038892 to really absorb and take a hold of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00174-00038893-00039063 kubernetes and canid containerized
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00175-00039064-00039288 methods for a long time some are having
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00176-00039289-00039465 a harder time doing it than others
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00177-00039466-00039786 I think anthos promises to make that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00178-00039787-00040131 endeavor much much easier and I can and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00179-00040132-00040305 I'm you know I think about as we leave
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00180-00040306-00040491 here this week and we go back and we re
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00181-00040492-00040686 educate our own engineering teams as
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00182-00040687-00040929 well as our customers I think we might
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00183-00040930-00041130 see some you know highly accelerated
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00184-00041131-00041325 project timelines go from here down to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00185-00041326-00041562 here and a demo that Jennifer Lin did
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00186-00041563-00041808 was pretty impressive I mean using the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00187-00041809-00041949 running inside of containers whether
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00188-00041950-00042108 it's VMs and then having service patches
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00189-00042109-00042354 on their horizon coming to the table is
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00190-00042355-00042552 gonna change the implementation delivery
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00191-00042553-00042726 piece to in a massive way I mean you got
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00192-00042727-00043029 code build run on the cloud side but
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00193-00043030-00043215 this this kind of changes the equation
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00194-00043216-00043380 on your and can you guys share the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00195-00043381-00043608 insight into that equation because
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00196-00043609-00043902 Google's clearly posturing to be partner
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00197-00043903-00044097 friendly you guys are a big partner now
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00198-00044098-00044169 you're going all-in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00199-00044170-00044376 this is a shame dynamic because you can
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00200-00044377-00044553 focus on solving customers problems all
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00201-00044554-00044841 this heavy lifting goes kind of goes
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00202-00044842-00045045 away talk about the impact to you as a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00203-00045046-00045282 partner we look at anthem anthem migrate
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00204-00045283-00045429 in particular some of these migration
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00205-00045430-00045633 challenges with containers and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00206-00045634-00045804 kubernetes seems like it's a perfect
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00207-00045805-00045983 storm right now to kind of jump in and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00208-00045984-00046479 do more faster yeah well it's certainly
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00209-00046480-00046752 very interesting well we'll want to take
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00210-00046753-00047088 a really hard look at it I mean the very
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00211-00047089-00047358 very cool announcement moving to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00212-00047359-00047634 containers in the source prior to the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00213-00047635-00047775 migration obviously solves a lot of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00214-00047776-00047928 challenges so for that reason that's
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00215-00047929-00048234 it's definitely a move forward and I you
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00216-00048235-00048354 know I think
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00217-00048355-00048696 you know we always talk about in this
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00218-00048697-00049043 industry the acceleration for
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00219-00049044-00049335 consumption but really that's a poor way
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00220-00049336-00049602 of saying probably what we should be
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00221-00049603-00049868 saying is an acceleration of value so
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00222-00049869-00050160 we're constantly in this battle to try
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00223-00050161-00050480 and deliver value to our customers
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00224-00050481-00050685 faster that's what our customers want
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00225-00050686-00051042 right and an in essence we see anthos as
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00226-00051043-00051249 being potentially a big game-changer
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00227-00051250-00051494 there so that you know our CIOs that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00228-00051495-00051716 we're talking with can show to their
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00229-00051717-00051851 various stakeholders that they are
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00230-00051852-00052076 making very good proactive moves into
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00231-00052077-00052241 the cloud at lower caught barriers of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00232-00052242-00052517 entry right yeah so you brought up the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00233-00052519-00052766 the ml piece of Google wondering if you
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00234-00052767-00052911 can help share a little bit on that when
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00235-00052912-00053141 I think back to years ago you know data
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00236-00053142-00053301 was really at the core of what a lot of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00237-00053302-00053448 what Google was talking about it's
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00238-00053449-00053606 actually surprised not to hear a lot of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00239-00053607-00053859 it on the main stage this coordinate but
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00240-00053860-00054129 you know a IML what are you doing what
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00241-00054129-00054273 are your customers doing you know what
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00242-00054274-00054453 what but you know does Google have
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00243-00054454-00054786 leadership in the space Google certainly
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00244-00054787-00054990 has leadership in the space our
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00245-00054991-00055430 customers I think relatively universally
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00246-00055432-00055694 think that their ml stack is the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00247-00055695-00056291 strongest among the competitors but I
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00248-00056292-00056513 think in practice what we're finding is
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00249-00056514-00056669 there's a lot more urgency as far as
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00250-00056670-00056951 just literal data migrations off of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00251-00056952-00057107 their data centers into the cloud and I
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00252-00057108-00057648 foresee a lot more AI in ml work as more
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00253-00057649-00058038 moved in yeah so you might in our booth
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00254-00058039-00058238 they're not to give a plug but we've got
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00255-00058239-00058428 a booth down at the end with a full
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00256-00058429-00058728 fledge racing car just to talk about the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00257-00058729-00058950 you know the art of the possible with AI
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00258-00058951-00059306 @ml our engineering teams in the race
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00259-00059307-00059478 teams that we sponsor there they're the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00260-00059479-00059661 drivers there you should go down and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00261-00059662-00059871 talk to him we've taken all the race
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00262-00059872-00060075 telemetry data for the last six months
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00263-00060076-00060326 and all of his races and practices we've
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00264-00060327-00060660 aggregated that data all into GCP run
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00265-00060661-00060936 and m/l algorithms on it to provide his
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00266-00060937-00061128 racing team some very predictive ways
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00267-00061129-00061280 that he can get better and that team can
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00268-00061282-00061469 get better and so I'd invite just
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00269-00061470-00061619 anybody that wants to kind of go there
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00270-00061620-00061773 and take a look at you know even if
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00271-00061774-00061899 you're in banking and if you're if
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00272-00061900-00062030 you're in retail or if you're in health
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00273-00062032-00062250 care take a look at some of how that was
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00274-00062251-00062450 done because it's a very very powerful
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00275-00062451-00062666 way to where to answer your question
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00276-00062667-00062951 head and shoulders down why Google is
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00277-00062952-00063135 actually accelerating exceeding an AI
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00278-00063136-00063321 and one of the things that Thomas Korean
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00279-00063322-00063504 showed on stage was the recent hackathon
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00280-00063504-00063641 they had with the college students at
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00281-00063642-00063891 the NC double-a data of the of the game
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00282-00063891-00064055 that just finished and throughout that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00283-00064057-00064296 experience this is a core theme of GCP
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00284-00064297-00064521 and now anthos which is getting data in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00285-00064522-00064734 and using it easily right away and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00286-00064735-00064965 scaling at a scale level that kind of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00287-00064966-00065187 seems unprecedented so this team seems
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00288-00065188-00065455 to be the application the new
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00289-00065457-00065829 differentiator I think it is I you know
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00290-00065830-00066060 I think that announcement obviously the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00291-00066061-00066234 big three takeaways for us you know
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00292-00066235-00066656 certainly scale unmatched certainly
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00293-00066657-00066924 speed and migration with anthos if I
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00294-00066925-00067140 could highlight one other I was
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00295-00067141-00067382 incredibly pleased with well I've been
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00296-00067383-00067544 pleased since Thomas is a riot on
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00297-00067545-00067734 arrival in general by bringing an
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00298-00067735-00068148 enterprise class strategy with inside of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00299-00068149-00068391 Google that I think are going to respond
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00300-00068392-00068649 well to our enterprise customers and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00301-00068650-00068865 part of enterprise class is also making
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00302-00068866-00069072 sure that their partner community has
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00303-00069073-00069440 amazing enhancement programs that really
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00304-00069441-00069656 incentivize those partners that are
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00305-00069657-00069893 actually in the full managed services
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00306-00069894-00070137 space from cradle to grave lifetime
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00307-00070138-00070353 customer value so we're very excited
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00308-00070354-00070512 about even further announcements this
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00309-00070513-00070686 week that no doubt have been inspired by
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00310-00070687-00070931 Thomas to try and really take advantage
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00311-00070932-00071184 of their partner community that are that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00312-00071185-00071334 are in the business of cradle to grave
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00313-00071335-00071529 support of customer you feel custom
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00314-00071530-00071784 comfortable with Thomas a lot of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00315-00071785-00071946 customers he knows the enterprise we've
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00316-00071947-00072093 had we've had an opportunity to meet
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00317-00072094-00072218 with him
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00318-00072219-00072505 we've had some seared customers that you
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00319-00072506-00072661 know have had a great you know privilege
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00320-00072662-00072901 of getting to know him and support us
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00321-00072902-00073178 and and collectively them and he knows
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00322-00073179-00073379 the partner equation pretty well by the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00323-00073380-00073513 enterprise without a doubt about
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00324-00073514-00073643 partnering because there's a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00325-00073644-00073825 monetization the share go to markets
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00326-00073826-00073981 together talk about the importance of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00327-00073982-00074096 that and what's it like to be a partner
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00328-00074097-00074303 yeah without a doubt again you know his
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00329-00074304-00074461 embrace of the open-source community
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00330-00074462-00074626 that you saw today really taking
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00331-00074627-00074812 advantage of highlighting partner value
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00332-00074813-00075151 is wonderful but I think I think I think
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00333-00075152-00075367 Thomas above anything else knows that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00334-00075368-00075667 Google needs to scale they need to scale
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00335-00075668-00075832 and then they have to have breadth and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00336-00075833-00076097 they have to have depth and you know to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00337-00076098-00076306 get to where Google needs to be over the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00338-00076307-00076529 course of the next two three years it's
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00339-00076530-00076829 wonderful it's refreshing it's 100
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00340-00076830-00077180 percent accurate that Google knows and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00341-00077181-00077407 Thomas knows that the path to do that is
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00342-00077408-00077656 via partners partners that share in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00343-00077657-00078100 Google's vision that are 100% aligned to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00344-00078101-00078256 the same things that Google is aligned
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00345-00078257-00078517 with and you know I think that's why I'm
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00346-00078518-00078742 so thankful to be at sada at large in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00347-00078743-00078923 part because all of the things that we
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00348-00078924-00079148 care about in terms of our customer
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00349-00079149-00079312 success as well as Gus at Google's
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00350-00079313-00079541 cosette success we all share that so
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00351-00079542-00079655 it's a great try facts a ground-floor
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00352-00079656-00079829 opportunity congratulations guys talk
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00353-00079830-00079985 about your business that's going on
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00354-00079986-00080113 you've got some new offices I heard you
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00355-00080114-00080297 opened up what's going on the state of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00356-00080298-00080435 the business actually the Google focus
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00357-00080436-00080581 and you're excited about obviously yeah
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00358-00080582-00080719 they're the beginning I think I called
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00359-00080720-00080873 Google the dark horse I think you know
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00360-00080874-00081001 the tech that they have on the renewed
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00361-00081002-00081187 focus on the enterprise building on what
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00362-00081188-00081355 Diane Greene had put foundationally
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00363-00081356-00081509 Thomas is meeting with hundreds of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00364-00081510-00081710 customers he's so busy and then finally
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00365-00081711-00081844 become on the queue but he'll come on
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00366-00081845-00082136 soon but he's focused this is now a
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00367-00082137-00082259 great opportunity to talk about your
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00368-00082260-00082373 business what's the State of the Union
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00369-00082374-00082562 there with yeah I'll give an update I
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00370-00082563-00082837 can I can take that one beat of mine go
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00371-00082838-00083176 ahead add poetic color if you want yeah
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00372-00083177-00083474 so as I said we're entering a new new
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00373-00083475-00083759 new journey for SATA in light of renewed
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00374-00083760-00083980 focus renewed conviction to Google
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00375-00083981-00084348 we are investing more than we ever have
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00376-00084349-00084661 into the common belief that Google is
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00377-00084662-00085006 the one to beat in terms of momentum
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00378-00085007-00085189 drive and ultimately win in the hearts
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00379-00085190-00085531 and minds of who talked about so over
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00380-00085532-00085741 the last four months we've opened five
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00381-00085742-00085987 new offices in New York
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00382-00085988-00086347 Austin Chicago Denver our headquarters
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00383-00086348-00086575 is in Los Angeles and just recently we
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00384-00086576-00086731 just opened a brand new office in
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00385-00086732-00086959 Toronto so we can really help our
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00386-00086960-00087277 Canadian customers really see the the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00387-00087278-00087442 same type of white-glove treatment we
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00388-00087443-00087598 provide those customers in the States
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00389-00087599-00087883 and so that's why well I wasn't earlier
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00390-00087884-00088009 but I'm walking around with Canadian
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00391-00088010-00088138 flag we're very excited about the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00392-00088139-00088255 presents that we're gonna have in Canada
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00393-00088256-00088441 its Toronto I always blow and I call
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00394-00088442-00088657 Toronto being the American that I am is
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00395-00088658-00089026 Toronto was it right on the engineering
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00396-00089027-00089149 side out so you guys are in the front
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00397-00089150-00089329 lines is also a sales development
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00398-00089330-00089518 there's also customer relationship
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00399-00089519-00089671 engineering so I'm sure you guys are
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00400-00089672-00089830 hiring there's some hard problems to
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00401-00089831-00089956 solve out there can you guys share some
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00402-00089957-00090100 color commentary on the type of
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00403-00090101-00090298 solutions you guys are doing what's the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00404-00090299-00090448 heavy what solutions are you solving
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00405-00090449-00090601 from problems that you're solving for
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00406-00090602-00090748 customers what are the key things that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00407-00090749-00091135 you got going on well a lot of cloud
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00408-00091136-00091426 migrations a lot of web and application
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00409-00091427-00091711 development custom development and data
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00410-00091712-00091891 pipeline so I'd say those are really the
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00411-00091892-00092107 three key focus areas that were that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00412-00092108-00092257 we're working on at somebody one other
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00413-00092258-00092653 thing too so
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+5QGj-vZyk7A-00435-00098145-00098426 to thank Thomas and the partner team for
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+5QGj-vZyk7A-00440-00099255-00099410 stuff Dana Chris thanks for coming on
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+5QGj-vZyk7A-00442-00099543-00099722 the cars there with the data bring that
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00443-00099723-00100082 data exhaust to the table pun intended
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00444-00100083-00100259 yes analyzing with Google cloud and
+5QGj-vZyk7A-00445-00100260-00100442 those good in a good commentary thanks
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+5TT6Satsjdu-00000-00000168-00000327 oh my god
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+5TT6Satsjdu-00033-00030312-00030519 you
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00000-00000006-00000167 intrigue has always played a part in
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00001-00000168-00000383 politics and in warfare throughout human
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00002-00000384-00000614 history like the character Littlefinger
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00003-00000615-00000767 and the show Game of Thrones there only
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00004-00000768-00000923 seemed to be these guys that are looking
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00005-00000924-00001150 to land on their feet as the political
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00006-00001151-00001441 ground just beneath them in ancient
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00007-00001442-00001697 Greece in a time of extreme conflict one
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00008-00001698-00001942 General took the art of switching sides
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00009-00001943-00002302 to extremes always seeking to protect
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00010-00002303-00002654 himself and trying to find glory his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00011-00002655-00002851 life was so controversial that it even
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00012-00002852-00002999 played a role in the trial that led to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00013-00003000-00003356 the death of Socrates the life of the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00014-00003357-00003556 colorful general and statesman
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00015-00003557-00003840 Alcibiades who played an outside role on
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00016-00003842-00004142 all sides of the Peloponnesian War
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00017-00004143-00004331 between the armies of Athens and Sparta
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00018-00004332-00004654 is history that deserves to be
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00019-00004655-00004934 remembered Alcibiades was born around
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00020-00004935-00005195 450 BC son of the Athenian politician
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00021-00005196-00005531 plenteous and his wife Dana my daughter
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00022-00005532-00005834 of a powerful Athenian family Alcibiades
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00023-00005835-00006029 father was a wealthy renowned soldier a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00024-00006030-00006242 politician who died at the Battle of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00025-00006243-00006623 cornea in 447 BC after his father's
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00026-00006623-00006752 death he joined the household of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00027-00006753-00006931 Pericles the influential leader of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00028-00006933-00007153 Athens during the Athenian Golden Age of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00029-00007154-00007348 the fifth century where he spent much of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00030-00007350-00007595 his childhood Alcibiades was a famously
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00031-00007595-00007771 difficult child not a character of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00032-00007772-00007951 unruliness that hold him - I was life
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00033-00007952-00008198 the nurse that Pericles put in charge of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00034-00008199-00008342 him was not up to the task
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00035-00008343-00008576 as one author put it never did any boy
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00036-00008577-00008774 emerge from a nurse's care so completely
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00037-00008775-00009035 undisciplined in the schoolyard fight he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00038-00009036-00009209 bit his opponent and when he was told
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00039-00009210-00009481 that he bit like a girl he retorted no I
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00040-00009482-00009803 bit like a lion who refused to move off
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00041-00009804-00009980 the road to allow a cart to pass and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00042-00009981-00010114 even blame the cart driver for nearly
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00043-00010115-00010339 hitting him as a teen he attacked a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00044-00010340-00010546 wealthy man in the street unprovoked and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00045-00010547-00010730 the next day tore off his shirt and told
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00046-00010731-00010841 the man he could whip him for his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00047-00010842-00011089 transgression instead the man forgave
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00048-00011090-00011131 him
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00049-00011132-00011360 I also by ADIZ was said to be extremely
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00050-00011361-00011645 attractive and very vain Plato said that
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00051-00011646-00011801 his beauty flowered out with each
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00052-00011802-00011978 successive season of his bodily growth
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00053-00011979-00012242 and made him a like in boyhood youth and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00054-00012243-00012556 manhood lovely and pleasant Plato said
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00055-00012557-00012773 that Alka by ADIZ love of distinction
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00056-00012774-00012944 and love of Fame were used against him
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00057-00012944-00013196 in his long troubled career he was well
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00058-00013197-00013361 trained in rhetoric by teachers like the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00059-00013362-00013397 renowned
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00060-00013397-00013580 Socrates who said to have taken now so
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00061-00013581-00013786 by ADIZ as a pupil primarily because he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00062-00013787-00013952 believed to concur him of his vain and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00063-00013953-00014188 ambitious ways the two men had a close
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00064-00014190-00014402 relationship Plutarch said that
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00065-00014403-00014621 Alcibiades feared and revered Socrates
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00066-00014622-00014855 alone and despised the rest of his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00067-00014856-00015122 lovers Alcibiades came to prominence
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00068-00015122-00015353 during the Peloponnesian War war between
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00069-00015354-00015541 the Delian League led by Athens in the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00070-00015543-00015805 Peloponnesian League led by Sparta after
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00071-00015806-00015962 the Greeks defeated purchase second
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00072-00015963-00016172 invasion at the Battle of Plataea Athens
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00073-00016172-00016346 led a coalition that aggressively fought
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00074-00016347-00016519 Persia ultimately pushing them out of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00075-00016520-00016728 the Aegean getting power and influence
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00076-00016729-00016952 formerly independent city-states were
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00077-00016953-00017117 turned into tribute paying subjects
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00078-00017118-00017300 which allowed Athens to maintain its
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00079-00017301-00017594 huge fleet Sparta and its allies became
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00080-00017595-00017792 the only significant competitor for
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00081-00017793-00018047 control over Greece sporadic fighting
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00082-00018048-00018175 and what was called the first
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00083-00018176-00018461 Peloponnesian War ended in 445 BC with
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00084-00018462-00018616 the signing of the thirty-years peace
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00085-00018617-00018883 the peace was uneasy at best of the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00086-00018884-00019022 fighting continued between Greek States
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00087-00019023-00019397 in 432 BC Alcibiades took part in the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00088-00019398-00019519 Battle of Plataea
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00089-00019520-00019715 after the city revolted rather than tear
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00090-00019716-00019940 down its walls during the battle
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00091-00019941-00020119 Socrates saved his life further
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00092-00020120-00020350 cementing the bond between the two
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00093-00020351-00020552 Athens largely defeated combined
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00094-00020553-00020794 Corinthian and podían forces and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00095-00020795-00020936 besieged the city for several years
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00096-00020937-00021175 during the siege Corinthians petitioned
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00097-00021176-00021359 Sparta for aid and despite the theni and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00098-00021360-00021556 arguments Sparta declare that the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00099-00021557-00021678 Athenians had broken the peace
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00100-00021679-00022003 essentially declaring war fighting
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00101-00022004-00022159 between the two great powers in the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00102-00022160-00022294 first stage of the war was largely a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00103-00022295-00022574 stalemate with Pericles Alcibiades
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00104-00022575-00022790 caretaker an Athenian leader advising a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00105-00022791-00022961 defensive strategy that relied on the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00106-00022962-00023153 Athenian fleet while the Spartans
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00107-00023154-00023462 ravaged the attic countryside Socrates
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00108-00023463-00023639 and Alcibiades participated in the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00109-00023640-00023822 Battle of Dehlia during this time a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00110-00023823-00024191 major defeat for the Athenians Pericles
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00111-00024192-00024386 died in a plague that struck Athens in
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00112-00024387-00024614 430 BC and the Warhawks took control
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00113-00024615-00024917 especially into the general Klien the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00114-00024918-00025103 Athenians were able to capture 300
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00115-00025104-00025286 Spartan warriors while the Spartan
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00116-00025287-00025490 general brassicas captured the Athenian
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00117-00025491-00025667 city of Amphipolis and it's important
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00118-00025668-00025927 silver mines ultimately brassiness and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00119-00025928-00026099 Cleon were both killed fighting over the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00120-00026100-00026369 city exhausted and with neither side
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00121-00026370-00026573 winning the time was right for peace and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00122-00026574-00026777 the Athenian general mis'ess and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00123-00026777-00027143 negotiations with the Spartan Kings the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00124-00027144-00027269 central part of the treaty they
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00125-00027270-00027439 negotiated was to return the 300
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00126-00027441-00027593 captured soldiers and exchange for the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00127-00027594-00027820 return of M Phyllis despite the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00128-00027822-00027970 negotiations neither side ever fully
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00129-00027972-00028165 agreed to its terms and many Greek
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00130-00028166-00028397 cities refused to sign it at all the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00131-00028398-00028604 peace was meant to last fifty years but
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00132-00028605-00028927 would last only six according to the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00133-00028929-00029168 Greek historian Thucydides Alcibiades
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00134-00029169-00029333 was offended that he had been left out
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00135-00029333-00029501 of the negotiations because of his youth
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00136-00029502-00029819 was eager to engineer his own rise he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00137-00029820-00029987 saw his opportunity when a Spartan
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00138-00029988-00030170 delegation arrived in Athens to argue
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00139-00030170-00030407 over the treaty before they met with the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00140-00030408-00030602 assembly he convinced the ambassadors to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00141-00030602-00030764 renounce their diplomatic authority to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00142-00030764-00030983 represent Sparta and to allow him to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00143-00030983-00031181 navigate the complexities of Athenian
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00144-00031182-00031532 politics as agreed the delegation told
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00145-00031533-00031643 the assemblée that did not have
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00146-00031644-00031925 diplomatic authority from Sparta instead
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00147-00031926-00032126 of doing as he promised Alcibiades
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00148-00032127-00032288 seized on this point to accuse the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00149-00032289-00032477 diplomats of lying and destroyed their
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00150-00032477-00032746 credibility this plot greatly enhanced
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00151-00032747-00032924 his own prestige leading him to be
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00152-00032925-00033188 elected general he next orchestrated an
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00153-00033189-00033365 alliance between Athens and various
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00154-00033366-00033548 Peloponnesian cities to threaten Spartan
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00155-00033549-00033815 hegemony this alliance supported by
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00156-00033816-00034085 Athens was defeated in 4:18 at the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00157-00034086-00034418 Battle of Mantinea by 4:15 the two
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00158-00034419-00034621 principal political forces had coalesced
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00159-00034622-00034868 in a peace party around the seus and a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00160-00034869-00035186 war party around Alcibiades in the same
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00161-00035187-00035369 year though gates arrived in Athens from
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00162-00035370-00035582 the city of suggesting 'end of Sicily
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00163-00035583-00035807 they sought Athenian support in their
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00164-00035808-00035977 war with a rival who was allied to the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00165-00035978-00036154 most powerful city on the island
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00166-00036155-00036494 Syracuse Alcibiades supported the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00167-00036495-00036757 expedition well missus opposed it
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00168-00036758-00036998 Alcibiades argued that a war in Sicily
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00169-00036999-00037181 would enhance Athens prestige and power
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00170-00037182-00037355 and that many of the cities there would
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00171-00037356-00037607 welcome Athenian intervention he argued
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00172-00037608-00037846 that we cannot fix the exact point to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00173-00037847-00038036 which our empire shall stop we have
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00174-00038037-00038189 reached a position on which we must not
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00175-00038190-00038381 be content with retaining but must
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00176-00038382-00038663 scheme to extend it for if we cease to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00177-00038664-00038921 rule others we are in danger of being
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00178-00038922-00039079 ruled ourselves
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00179-00039080-00039290 Macias argued that there were threats at
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00180-00039291-00039515 home and that Alcibiades too young for
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00181-00039516-00039758 command was advocating for intervention
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00182-00039759-00039980 for ends of his own to maintain his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00183-00039981-00040145 private splendor at his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00184-00040146-00040399 country's risk the assembly initially
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00185-00040400-00040621 approved sixty triremes to assist but
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00186-00040622-00040829 Nissi Asst seeing that Alcibiades was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00187-00040830-00040964 winning the argument tried to frighten
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00188-00040965-00041152 the assembly by suggesting the approved
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00189-00041153-00041318 force was much too small to accomplish
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00190-00041319-00041501 their goals they would need more than
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00191-00041502-00041855 twice that 140 ships and 5000 hoplites
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00192-00041856-00042077 he had thought that the risk can cost
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00193-00042078-00042242 would change his opponents minds but
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00194-00042243-00042458 instead the assembly enthusiastically
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00195-00042459-00042754 endorsed the larger force put missus
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00196-00042755-00042940 Alcibiades and an old General
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00197-00042941-00043235 callimachus in charge of the army he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00198-00043236-00043406 sees his blunder would cost Athens
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00199-00043407-00043658 dearly historian Donald Kagan says that
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00200-00043659-00043865 without Nissi is's intervention that
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00201-00043866-00044015 would have been an athenian expedition
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00202-00044016-00044249 against Sicily in 415 but there could
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00203-00044250-00044576 not have been a disaster the three
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00204-00044577-00044746 generals all had their own strategy for
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00205-00044747-00044962 attacking Sicily this he has hoped to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00206-00044963-00045133 settle the suggestion war and leave
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00207-00045134-00045410 possibly without fighting oh so by ''tis
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00208-00045411-00045568 hope to win local allies and take the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00209-00045569-00045814 word of Syracuse LaMarcus wanted to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00210-00045815-00046012 attack Syracuse immediately upon landing
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00211-00046013-00046187 coming on surprise to force their
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00212-00046188-00046454 surrender ultimately lawmakers chose to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00213-00046455-00046733 support a sir by ''tis instead the night
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00214-00046734-00046904 before the fleet was set to sail one of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00215-00046905-00047045 the most infamous events in Athenian
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00216-00047046-00047276 history occurred in Athens there were
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00217-00047277-00047555 many her my statues short square pillars
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00218-00047556-00047743 topped by a bus tuff another got Hermes
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00219-00047744-00047970 with male genitals on the pillar itself
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00220-00047971-00048196 the statues were meant to bring good
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00221-00048197-00048431 luck during the night hundreds of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00222-00048432-00048626 statues were mutilated or destroyed in
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00223-00048627-00048743 the morning
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00224-00048744-00048937 the city was a gasp at the implications
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00225-00048938-00049136 there were rumors that the Vandals
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00226-00049137-00049270 represented a group planning to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00227-00049271-00049471 overthrow the democracy and the sheer
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00228-00049472-00049789 insult to the city was disconcerting the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00229-00049790-00049996 act was also impious and stood as a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00230-00049997-00050224 terrible omen of the fate of the coming
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00231-00050225-00050504 expedition Alcibiades foes immediately
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00232-00050505-00050702 blamed him for the crime according to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00233-00050703-00050971 Plutarch false witnesses accused him but
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00234-00050972-00051131 the same men then argued that Alcibiades
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00235-00051132-00051376 should still sail with the expedition as
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00236-00051377-00051492 planned
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00237-00051494-00051739 naturally elsa by ADIZ was suspicious
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00238-00051740-00051931 that his enemies wanted to try him when
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00239-00051932-00052107 he would be unable to defend himself
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00240-00052108-00052321 many of his supporters were with the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00241-00052322-00052472 army and without them he would have
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00242-00052473-00052736 little support left in Athens he offered
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00243-00052737-00052925 to stand trial immediately on penalty of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00244-00052926-00053092 death but the assembly denied the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00245-00053094-00053291 request and he sailed with the fleet the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00246-00053291-00053489 following day as soon as the fleet
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00247-00053490-00053537 sailed
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00248-00053538-00053738 enemies pounced they accused him of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00249-00053739-00053924 various heresies and crimes and even
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00250-00053925-00054071 claimed it was part of the conspiracy to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00251-00054072-00054308 overthrow the democracy when the fleet
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00252-00054309-00054500 landed in Sicily they found an Athenian
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00253-00054501-00054698 ship already waiting for them charged
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00254-00054699-00054860 with bringing Elsa by ADIZ and others
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00255-00054861-00055180 accused back to Athens Alcibiades
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00256-00055182-00055361 followed in his own ship but before they
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00257-00055362-00055529 reached Athens he escaped with his crew
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00258-00055529-00055820 and fled to Sparta meanwhile the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00259-00055821-00056012 Athenian campaign and Sicily floundered
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00260-00056013-00056240 the army moved against Mussina which was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00261-00056241-00056390 supposed to fall by coup and be turned
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00262-00056391-00056605 over without a fight but instead House
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00263-00056607-00056777 abaya DS had sent word to Syracusian
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00264-00056778-00057011 agents of the city and it stood against
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00265-00057012-00057227 Athens the campaign struggled there
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00266-00057228-00057386 after was finally crushed
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00267-00057387-00057596 now sevilla DS was convicted in absentia
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00268-00057597-00057916 in athens his assets were seized he was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00269-00057917-00058114 sentenced to death
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00270-00058115-00058328 Alcibiades was furious at his former
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00271-00058329-00058478 countrymen and turned immediately to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00272-00058479-00058766 their greatest enemy Sparta promising to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00273-00058766-00058979 render them aid in service greater than
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00274-00058979-00059153 all the harm he had previously done them
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00275-00059154-00059486 as an enemy with his skill in oratory
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00276-00059487-00059690 convinced him to receive him when he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00277-00059691-00059825 arrived the Spartans were considering
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00278-00059826-00060002 sending to forest to assist Syracuse but
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00279-00060003-00060304 had not yet decided Alcibiades warned
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00280-00060305-00060482 them that Athens wish to conquer Sicily
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00281-00060483-00060740 and all of Italy and even Carthage an
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00282-00060741-00060920 exaggeration that made him seem all the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00283-00060921-00061192 more valuable he advised that a force be
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00284-00061194-00061520 sent to assist Syracuse Alcibiades took
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00285-00061521-00061679 his new position as Athens enemy
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00286-00061679-00061883 seriously he planned to bring the war
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00287-00061884-00062063 back to Attica and advise the Spartans
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00288-00062064-00062321 to build a fort at D celeea within sight
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00289-00062322-00062566 of the Athenian walls this forced the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00290-00062567-00062750 Athenians to bandid their farms for the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00291-00062751-00062951 safety of the long walls and to rely
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00292-00062952-00063164 totally on trade for their food now
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00293-00063165-00063341 sobriety is also fermented rebellion
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00294-00063341-00063578 within the Delian League despite his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00295-00063579-00063742 successes he fell out of favor with one
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00296-00063744-00063965 of the Spartan Kings I used the second
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00297-00063966-00064204 it seems he had some sort of dalliance
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00298-00064205-00064424 with the King's wife Plutarch even wrote
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00299-00064425-00064637 that some suspected that the king's
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00300-00064638-00064829 recently born son was actually Elsa
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00301-00064829-00065057 biood eases his greatest supporter in
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00302-00065058-00065213 the leadership retired around the same
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00303-00065214-00065489 time II's may have even sent one of his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00304-00065490-00065744 generals after Alcibiades but the wily
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00305-00065745-00065903 Athenian escaped before anything could
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00306-00065904-00066086 be done and fled to the court of the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00307-00066087-00066344 Persian satrap tissaphernes who was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00308-00066345-00066626 financially supporting Sparta he quickly
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00309-00066627-00066824 gained favor in the satraps cord and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00310-00066825-00066919 started working on his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00311-00066920-00067184 new plans he convinced tissaphernes to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00312-00067185-00067423 send less money to support Sparta most
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00313-00067424-00067651 importantly Alcibiades advised that the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00314-00067652-00067829 persons play coy and keep their fleet
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00315-00067830-00068026 uninvolved for as long as possible while
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00316-00068027-00068182 the Greeks wore themselves out fighting
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00317-00068183-00068404 with each other this he said would give
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00318-00068405-00068599 the persians another opportunity to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00319-00068600-00068828 conquer their troublesome foe lucidity
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00320-00068829-00069049 says that Alcibiades real goal was to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00321-00069050-00069211 harm the Spartan cause and leverage his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00322-00069212-00069388 influence into restoring his position in
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00323-00069389-00069655 Athens he started corresponding with
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00324-00069656-00069832 some of his allies in Athens and at
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00325-00069833-00070075 Samuel where the fleet lay suggesting
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00326-00070076-00070235 that while the radical democracy
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00327-00070236-00070409 currently in power would not accept him
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00328-00070410-00070460 back
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00329-00070461-00070651 a friendly oligarchy might think
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00330-00070652-00070873 differently he suggested that if he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00331-00070874-00071044 returned he could bring Persian money
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00332-00071045-00071257 and even the Persian fleet to fight the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00333-00071258-00071524 Spartans Alcibiades won over the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00334-00071525-00071666 generals with his plan to change the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00335-00071667-00071822 constitution which would give them a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00336-00071823-00071994 greater control of earthy Nyan policy
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00337-00071995-00072325 only one general fear goose is said to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00338-00072326-00072469 have opposed the plan arguing that
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00339-00072470-00072631 Alcibiades was only looking to advance
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00340-00072632-00072890 his own interests but the officers of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00341-00072891-00073048 the fleet were convinced and they
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00342-00073049-00073190 brought over the other sailors of the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00343-00073191-00073378 fleet to their side with promises of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00344-00073379-00073624 money from Persia Athens agreed to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00345-00073625-00073790 support our sir by ADIZ and the team was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00346-00073791-00073928 sent to Persia to negotiate with
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00347-00073929-00074167 tissaphernes now sub IDs though had
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00348-00074168-00074332 convinced tissaphernes of the merits of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00349-00074333-00074524 his neutrality and he could not be
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00350-00074525-00074765 convinced to help the Athenians now
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00351-00074766-00074929 survive these tried to shift blame to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00352-00074930-00075079 the Athenian negotiators for being
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00353-00075080-00075244 unwilling to concede to purchase demands
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00354-00075245-00075428 but it be claimed clear to the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00355-00075429-00075616 negotiators and the conspirators that
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00356-00075617-00075809 Alcibiades could not influence the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00357-00075810-00076030 Persians the conspirators though no
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00358-00076031-00076216 longer friendly to Alcibiades went
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00359-00076217-00076385 through with their coup and overthrew
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00360-00076386-00076585 the democracy in favour of the oligarchy
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00361-00076586-00076903 of the 400 a simultaneous coup failed at
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00362-00076904-00077101 samos and the fleet voted to depose
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00363-00077102-00077291 their rebellious officers to elect new
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00364-00077292-00077536 ones some of the new generals were
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00365-00077537-00077731 friendly to Alcibiades and they sent for
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00366-00077732-00077911 him hoping he would help defeat the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00367-00077912-00078130 newly installed government Kagan says
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00368-00078131-00078278 that Alcibiades must have been
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00369-00078279-00078457 disappointed by this recall because he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00370-00078458-00078610 didn't engineer it and it wasn't the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00371-00078611-00078844 grand triumph he'd hoped for when he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00372-00078845-00078971 reached the fleet he gave a rousing
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00373-00078972-00079141 speech that focused on his influence
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00374-00079142-00079381 with disapperance but was so popular the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00375-00079382-00079581 sailors elected him general immediately
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00376-00079582-00079849 I'll survive a sail back to Persia
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00377-00079850-00080032 so he would either talk the Persians
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00378-00080033-00080159 into sending their fleet to support
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00379-00080160-00080228 Athens
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00380-00080229-00080516 or at least not to send it at all the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00381-00080517-00080668 Citadis says that the mission was for
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00382-00080669-00080873 show Alcibiades had known for some time
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00383-00080874-00081130 that the Persians would not intervene
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00384-00081131-00081412 the 400 only ruled over Athens for a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00385-00081413-00081601 short time as political disagreements
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00386-00081602-00081830 quickly boiled over it was replaced by
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00387-00081831-00082069 an oligarchy of 5000 and would later
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00388-00082070-00082379 return to democracy the 5000 recalled
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00389-00082380-00082634 Alcibiades to the city in for 11 but he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00390-00082635-00082825 likely did not return to the city at
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00391-00082826-00082999 that time instead taking over joint
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00392-00083000-00083287 command of the Athenian fleet most of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00393-00083288-00083437 the fleet became engaged in with a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00394-00083438-00083632 Peloponnesian Force at Abydos
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00395-00083633-00083932 but Alcibiades was still approaching he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00396-00083933-00084068 arrived in the middle of the battle with
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00397-00084069-00084274 18 fresh ships and waited until the last
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00398-00084275-00084530 second to run up a red flag for in
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00399-00084531-00084698 signal to let the Athenians know who he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00400-00084699-00084976 was the Spartans realising their peril
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00401-00084977-00085223 fled but the retreat was costly the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00402-00085224-00085399 Athenians took 30 ships as well as
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00403-00085400-00085553 recapturing another 15 that had been
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00404-00085554-00085823 captured by the Spartans in 410 BC the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00405-00085824-00085943 fleet came together again to sail
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00406-00085944-00086105 against the Spartan fleet commanded by
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00407-00086106-00086299 men Doris and supported by the Persian
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00408-00086300-00086449 satrap for Anabasis
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00409-00086450-00086690 they sailed to Suzuka saw recently
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00410-00086691-00086846 captured by the Spartans and passed by
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00411-00086847-00087007 in the dark to conceal the numbers and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00412-00087008-00087230 disembarked a sizeable land force nearby
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00413-00087231-00087412 before they started their plan
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00414-00087413-00087625 Alcibiades approached the city with 20
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00415-00087626-00087781 ships and successfully baited the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00416-00087782-00087962 winning Spartan fleet which gave chase
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00417-00087963-00088091 against what seemed to be and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00418-00088092-00088349 outnumbered foe once they were safely
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00419-00088350-00088529 out of the harbour the trap snap shut
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00420-00088530-00088703 and the rest of fleet moved to cut off
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00421-00088704-00088855 in Baartman Doris's retreat
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00422-00088856-00089135 the Spartans fled anyway landing despite
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00423-00089136-00089325 casualties on a beach south of the city
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00424-00089326-00089546 Alcibiades led the landing attempting to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00425-00089547-00089707 literally drag the Spartan ships back
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00426-00089708-00089954 out to sea Persian soldiers arrived to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00427-00089955-00090100 help the Spartan sailors and more
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00428-00090101-00090280 athenian ships landed to join the battle
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00429-00090281-00090497 the battle was finally won when the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00430-00090498-00090698 Athenian ground forces arrived routing
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00431-00090699-00090953 the enemy force the Athenians captured
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00432-00090954-00091091 all the Spartan ships that were not
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00433-00091092-00091351 destroyed an intercepted message after
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00434-00091352-00091487 the battle revealed just how devastating
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00435-00091488-00091780 the defeat was the ships are gone and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00436-00091781-00092017 aris is dead the men are starving we
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00437-00092018-00092273 know not what to do demoralize the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00438-00092274-00092437 Spartans sued for peace but Athens
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00439-00092438-00092719 rejected the offer after the battle
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00440-00092720-00092897 Alcibiades participated in the siege of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00441-00092898-00093130 Kassadin and included a brief treaty
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00442-00093131-00093313 with far no basis that provided some
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00443-00093314-00093521 needed cash but spent most of his time
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00444-00093522-00093585 searching
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00445-00093586-00093851 butI to pay the fleet he managed the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00446-00093852-00094041 skillful negotiation of the siege of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00447-00094042-00094244 Salumeria where he caused no damage to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00448-00094245-00094413 the city but extracted more necessary
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00449-00094414-00094601 funds and brought the city over to the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00450-00094602-00094850 Athenians he was also instrumental on
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00451-00094851-00095040 the recapture Byzantium where he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00452-00095041-00095172 convinced some of the defenders to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00453-00095173-00095337 surrender under terms similar to those
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00454-00095338-00095574 used at celebra the defenders left their
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00455-00095575-00095760 post allowed the Athenians into the city
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00456-00095761-00096026 but the garrison fought hard ultimately
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00457-00096027-00096174 almost the entire garrison was killed
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00458-00096175-00096381 still anxious about his reputation at
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00459-00096382-00096561 home he cautiously returned to Athens to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00460-00096562-00096846 a hero's welcome in 407 BC the old
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00461-00096847-00097005 charges against him were dropped his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00462-00097006-00097200 property was returned and he was made
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00463-00097201-00097503 strategist autocrat or Supreme Commander
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00464-00097504-00097761 on land and sea the significant control
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00465-00097762-00097941 over Athenian forces and strategy
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00466-00097942-00098126 despite their defeat the Spartans were
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00467-00098127-00098294 rebuilding their fleet alarmingly fast
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00468-00098295-00098562 with funds from Persia Alcibiades sought
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00469-00098563-00098712 to win more decisive victories in the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00470-00098713-00098906 Aegean and left 80 of his ships in safe
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00471-00098907-00099123 harbor at noti'm under the command of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00472-00099124-00099309 his helmsman while he sailed to support
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00473-00099310-00099453 another siege that promised much-needed
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00474-00099454-00099735 funds for the war chest though he was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00475-00099736-00099897 under strict orders not to risk battle
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00476-00099898-00100068 the helmsman looked for glory and tried
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00477-00100069-00100242 to lure out the Spartan fleet under its
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00478-00100243-00100449 new commander Lysander with a plan like
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00479-00100450-00100749 the one used it's cesium unfortunately
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00480-00100750-00100947 the situation was not similar Lysander
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00481-00100948-00101109 was well appraised that the fleet size
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00482-00101110-00101286 thanks to Athenian deserters and was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00483-00101287-00101426 prepared when the Athenian fleet
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00484-00101427-00101673 appeared the Spartan fleet routed the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00485-00101674-00101819 Athenians so quickly that no defense
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00486-00101820-00102000 could be prepared in the harbor my
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00487-00102001-00102173 centre wouldn't a complete victory
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00488-00102174-00102414 Alcibiades was criticized brutally for
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00489-00102415-00102560 his decision to leave an inexperienced
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00490-00102561-00102707 helmsman in charge of the fleet and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00491-00102708-00102917 though the defeat was fairly minor he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00492-00102918-00103071 lost all of the reputation he had worked
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00493-00103072-00103350 to regain his foes in Athens succeeded
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00494-00103351-00103534 in having him removed from command
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00495-00103535-00103776 despite his many victories and success
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00496-00103777-00103965 as a general and advisor on all sides of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00497-00103966-00104168 the conflict after his dismissal he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00498-00104169-00104393 entered into voluntary exile never to
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00499-00104394-00104666 see Athens again the decision to remove
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00500-00104667-00104843 him also helped do the Athenian war
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00501-00104844-00105006 effort as his removal inspired the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00502-00105007-00105203 removal of his allies some of the best
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00503-00105204-00105468 generals left to the city his final act
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00504-00105469-00105618 in the war was when he met the Athenian
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00505-00105619-00105828 fleet at Aegis bottome where according
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00506-00105829-00106014 to the Greek historian Xenophon he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00507-00106015-00106173 advised the Athenian generals to leave
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00508-00106174-00106352 their poorly defensible position
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00509-00106353-00106559 thinking that if they listened the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00510-00106560-00106719 credit would fall to him they ordered
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00511-00106720-00106976 him to leave days later the fleet was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00512-00106977-00107183 annihilated by my sander and shortly
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00513-00107184-00107493 after Athens sued for peace hounded by
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00514-00107494-00107786 powerful enemies he fled to Persia he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00515-00107787-00108033 was killed there in 404 BC though the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00516-00108033-00108227 details of his death are murky the
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00517-00108228-00108389 oldest version says of the Spartans
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00518-00108390-00108563 induced the persons to assassinate him
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00519-00108564-00108797 they said his home aflame while he was
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00520-00108798-00108933 asleep and when he ran from the house
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00521-00108933-00109265 and naked charged his foes he was killed
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00522-00109266-00109598 in a hail of arrows Alcibiades played an
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00523-00109599-00109814 outsized role in this war between
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00524-00109815-00110039 powerful Greek States and their
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00525-00110040-00110216 competing political interests he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00526-00110217-00110447 navigated a complicated landscape always
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00527-00110448-00110672 seeking his own aggrandizement and while
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00528-00110673-00110856 he was roundly successful in many of his
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00529-00110857-00111047 endeavors he made a lot of powerful
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00530-00111048-00111353 enemies who did not forget his misdeeds
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00531-00111354-00111623 and finally having run out of allies he
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00532-00111624-00111686 was killed
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00533-00111687-00112151 alone in a foreign land he was so
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00534-00112152-00112313 controversial that his poor character
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00535-00112314-00112498 played a role in the trial of Socrates
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00536-00112499-00112724 primarily as evidence for one of the two
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00537-00112725-00112901 charges against Socrates that of
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00538-00112902-00113181 corrupting the youth of the city while
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00539-00113182-00113348 the socrates method of pressing
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00540-00113349-00113481 questions on the students that brought
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00541-00113482-00113663 the charge against him his close
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00542-00113664-00113891 relationship with Alcibiades and also by
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00543-00113892-00114122 his reputation for poor behavior helped
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00544-00114123-00114353 to convince Athens to sentence Socrates
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00545-00114354-00114740 to death there are very few characters
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00546-00114741-00114929 in history who managed to have such a
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00547-00114930-00115257 broad effect on huge human events for
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00548-00115258-00115470 good or for ill his career fleeing from
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00549-00115471-00115751 one allied to another earned Alcibiades
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00550-00115752-00116108 a spot in history that deserves to be
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00551-00116109-00116501 remembered take a cruise of the Ionian
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00552-00116502-00116750 Sea from Athens to Venice with me and my
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00553-00116751-00116927 lovely wife and co-author of the history
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00554-00116928-00117095 guide all the information is available
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00555-00117096-00117329 in the link in the description I hope
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00556-00117330-00117488 you enjoyed this episode of the history
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00557-00117489-00117635 guy short snippets a forgotten history
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00558-00117636-00117809 between ten and fifteen minutes long and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00559-00117810-00117947 if you did enjoy please go ahead and
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00560-00117948-00118131 click that thumbs up button if you have
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00561-00118132-00118301 any questions or comments or suggestions
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00562-00118302-00118457 for future episodes please write those
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00563-00118458-00118625 in the comment section I will be happy
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00564-00118626-00118814 to personally respond be sure to follow
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00565-00118815-00118979 the history guide on Facebook Instagram
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00566-00118980-00119181 Twitter and check out our merchandise on
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00567-00119182-00119378 teespring com and if you'd like more
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00568-00119379-00119619 episodes on forgotten history all you
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00569-00119620-00119854 need to do is subscribe
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00570-00119855-00120008 you
+5V81kwSGfjQ-00571-00120009-00120330 [Music]
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00000-00000103-00000307 electrology is the practice of
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00001-00000308-00000558 electrical hair removal to permanently
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00002-00000559-00000864 remove human hair from the body
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00003-00000865-00001170 electrolysis is the actual process of
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00004-00001171-00001560 removing hair using electricity in
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00005-00001561-00001810 electrolysis a qualified professional
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00006-00001811-00002098 called an electrologist slides a hair
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00007-00002099-00002362 thin solid metal probe into each hair
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00008-00002363-00002584 follicle without puncturing the skin
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00009-00002585-00002962 when inserted properly electricity is
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00010-00002963-00003151 delivered to the follicle through the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00011-00003152-00003423 probe which causes localized damage to
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00012-00003424-00003648 the areas that generate hairs either
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00013-00003649-00003913 through the formation of caustic sodium
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00014-00003914-00004150 hydroxide the galvanic method
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00015-00004151-00004434 overheating thermolysis or both the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00016-00004435-00005068 blend method
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00017-00005069-00005689 topic modalities
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00018-00005690-00006010 three modalities are used in electrology
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00019-00006011-00006208 galvanic thermolysis
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00020-00006209-00006570 and blend all three methods have their
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00021-00006572-00006829 own merits and one method is not better
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00022-00006830-00007183 than another the success depends on the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00023-00007184-00007417 skill of the electrologist the type of
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00024-00007418-00007675 hair being removed the condition of the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00025-00007676-00007881 skin and the pain threshold of the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00026-00007883-00008263 client all three methods when properly
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00027-00008264-00008500 performed can be thorough at destroying
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00028-00008501-00008734 the hair matrix cells and leaving
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00029-00008735-00009501 follicles incapable of regrowing hair
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00030-00009502-00010108 topic galvanic method
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00031-00010109-00010426 this modality is named after Luigi
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00032-00010427-00010710 Galvani and uses a person's body as an
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00033-00010711-00011083 electrolytic cell galvanic electrolysis
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00034-00011084-00011332 was first reported in medical literature
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00035-00011333-00011734 in 1875 by ophthalmologist Charles
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00036-00011735-00011908 Mitchell as a method for removing
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00037-00011909-00012304 ingrown eyelashes a galvanic hair
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00038-00012305-00012574 remover is essentially a positive ground
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00039-00012575-00012868 power supply that delivers 0 to 3
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00040-00012869-00013177 milliamperes through the body the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00041-00013178-00013416 follicular probe is the cathode of an
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00042-00013418-00013561 electrolytic cell
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00043-00013562-00013882 sodium hydroxide formed at the cathode
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00044-00013883-00014137 by the process of chemical electrolysis
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00045-00014138-00014524 kills the hair matrix cells modern
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00046-00014525-00014791 galvanic hair removers automatically
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00047-00014791-00015037 adjust the voltage to maintain constant
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00048-00015038-00015635 current
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00049-00015636-00016230 topic thermolysis
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00050-00016231-00016492 another method is known as thermolysis
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00051-00016493-00016858 also called radio frequency RF short
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00052-00016859-00017275 wave or diathermy thermolysis was
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00053-00017276-00017547 developed in the 1920s and first
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00054-00017548-00017830 reported in medical literature by Henry
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00055-00017831-00018175 Bohr dear a thermal it ik Hair Remover
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00056-00018176-00018394 is essentially a radio transmitter
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00057-00018395-00018708 usually with an output of about 0 to 8
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00058-00018709-00019050 watts at a frequency of 13.5 six
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00059-00019051-00019455 megahertz RF energy emanates from the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00060-00019456-00019656 probe tip to tissue within about a
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00061-00019657-00020034 millimeter thermolysis works by heating
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00062-00020035-00020400 the hair matrix cells to about 48 to 50
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00063-00020401-00020886 degrees Celsius 118 to 122 degrees
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00064-00020887-00021136 Fahrenheit causing electrical AG you
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00065-00021137-00021709 layin
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00066-00021710-00022457 topic blend method the galvanic method
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00067-00022458-00022670 and thermal assists are often combined
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00068-00022671-00022928 in the blend method developed by Arthur
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00069-00022929-00023303 Hinkle in 1948 which uses both RF and
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00070-00023304-00023543 direct current combining many of the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00071-00023544-00024298 advantages of both methods
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00072-00024299-00024869 topic technique
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00073-00024870-00025154 the practitioner selects a metal probe
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00074-00025155-00025352 that slides easily into the hair
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00075-00025353-00025639 follicle usually the same diameter as
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00076-00025641-00025990 the hair shaft or smaller the probe is
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00077-00025991-00026626 typically 50 to 150 micrometers 0.02 to
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00078-00026627-00027007 0.06 inches for all three modalities
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00079-00027008-00027323 care is needed to insert the probe at
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00080-00027324-00027530 the same angle as the hair is growing
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00081-00027531-00027887 out of the skin the probe is inserted to
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00082-00027888-00028145 the depth of the hair matrix the site
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00083-00028145-00028469 where hair is formed the power and
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00084-00028470-00028742 duration of the electricity are started
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00085-00028743-00028967 at the lowest setting then gradually
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00086-00028968-00029198 increased until the hair comes out as
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00087-00029199-00029533 easily as possible if the patient
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00088-00029533-00029839 experiences significant discomfort the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00089-00029841-00030535 settings can be lowered
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00090-00030536-00031255 topic treatment duration most
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00091-00031256-00031501 practitioners will advise that complete
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00092-00031502-00031737 removal of male-pattern facial hair
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00093-00031738-00032002 takes between one and four years with an
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00094-00032002-00032230 average treatment length of two years in
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00095-00032231-00032490 case of one session per week one hour
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00096-00032491-00032880 per session removal of body hair works
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00097-00032881-00033554 considerably faster
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00098-00033555-00034205 topic status of profession
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00099-00034206-00034544 in the United States electrolysis is
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00100-00034545-00034796 regulated in many states requiring
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00101-00034797-00035243 training and licensing electrolysis as a
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00102-00035244-00035509 profession faced new competition in the
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00103-00035510-00035816 1990s after laser hair removal was
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00104-00035817-00036059 developed and promoted as a quicker and
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00105-00036060-00036482 easier way to remove hair however the US
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00106-00036483-00036733 Food and Drug Administration FDA
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00107-00036734-00037034 declared laser can only claim to reduce
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00108-00037035-00037848 hair growth not permanently remove it
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00109-00037849-00038453 topic seal so
+5YnKFJ4mO1Q-00110-00038454-00039038 hair removal intense pulsed light
+5YtKreS-Roc-00000-00001440-00001875 hello Daniela with a dating show me to
+5YtKreS-Roc-00001-00001876-00002285 the party low calcium is so dear one on
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+5YtKreS-Roc-00003-00002773-00003021 vision power switching that alma mater
+5YtKreS-Roc-00004-00003022-00003210 you national authorities are about
+5YtKreS-Roc-00005-00003211-00003507 passion so how much alive without the
+5YtKreS-Roc-00006-00003508-00004624 evil Twitter from the window what Tina
+5YtKreS-Roc-00007-00004625-00004893 you
+5YtKreS-Roc-00008-00004894-00005172 hi my potential match oh no my can
+5YtKreS-Roc-00009-00005173-00005472 opener for you doc supereeego GG home
+5YtKreS-Roc-00010-00005473-00005766 fans yet Shantae billtoe normally had a
+5YtKreS-Roc-00011-00005767-00006092 survey of shower now she knows your true
+5YtKreS-Roc-00012-00006093-00006495 ee2 it up in da man Joey dimension even
+5YtKreS-Roc-00013-00006495-00006816 zero casualties in the GOP left so eine
+5YtKreS-Roc-00014-00006817-00007188 junge to get sooo cute entire video to
+5YtKreS-Roc-00015-00007189-00007356 vanish on in flat rock or into the
+5YtKreS-Roc-00016-00007356-00007641 adopted embody headed up to 2,000 either
+5YtKreS-Roc-00017-00007642-00008003 Cynthia an emergency go geocaching alila
+5YtKreS-Roc-00018-00008004-00008379 now Joe how to India China TJ one BR 0
+5YtKreS-Roc-00019-00008380-00008670 to 60 Julian wachner shkola Tommy yadira
+5YtKreS-Roc-00020-00008671-00008958 patrona median survival food whatever
+5YtKreS-Roc-00021-00008959-00009266 money she ought to currency in word
+5YtKreS-Roc-00022-00009267-00009524 Sydney arts in fashion management system
+5YtKreS-Roc-00023-00009525-00009807 sorry not quite occupational shaking her
+5YtKreS-Roc-00024-00009808-00010029 she'll be down the people she drove in
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+5YtKreS-Roc-00036-00014628-00015171 the intention signal doctrine from after
+5YtKreS-Roc-00037-00015172-00015402 the width of the column with a national
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+5YtKreS-Roc-00044-00017118-00017427 whatever should talk passions with a lot
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+5YtKreS-Roc-00049-00018243-00018591 Darnell concession the secreteer I all
+5YtKreS-Roc-00050-00018592-00018842 michelly the government or what hear me
+5YtKreS-Roc-00051-00018843-00019133 about the food to that customer so it is
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+5dcNOOJJcLc-00037-00019045-00019326 individuals families and communities and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00038-00019327-00019551 then we see communities we need any
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00039-00019552-00019902 group of people who aggregate themselves
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00040-00019903-00020088 together so that could be based off of
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00041-00020089-00020524 regional on similar region it could be
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00042-00020525-00020755 the same dealing with insane conditions
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00043-00020756-00021115 or same symptoms of conditions it could
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00044-00021116-00021250 be other interests that bring people
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00045-00021251-00021502 together but we really think that my
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00046-00021503-00021712 lips come together there's really a lot
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00047-00021713-00021892 of power there and that they can
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00048-00021893-00022369 leverage for change a lot of people
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00049-00022370-00022579 probably in this room know about genetic
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00050-00022580-00022732 alliance because of our current
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00051-00022733-00023122 president and CEO Sharon Terry her story
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00052-00023123-00023452 is one that is very inspirational when
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00053-00023453-00023692 her children were young they were found
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00054-00023693-00024118 to have a rare disorder called pxe her
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00055-00024119-00024313 husband had you know background in
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00056-00024314-00024559 science but they wasn't that something
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00057-00024560-00024844 has to be done and they formed the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00058-00024845-00025141 favicon certifications can't see
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00059-00025142-00025372 international from there they went and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00060-00025373-00025708 actually worked side by side literally
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00061-00025708-00025884 with the scientist that helped discover
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00062-00025885-00026194 the gene on a German were able to be one
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00063-00026195-00026364 of the names on the patent of the gene
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00064-00026366-00026574 which is very rare for someone who is a
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00065-00026575-00026985 laminar who is that guy traditionally
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00066-00026986-00027283 educated scientist but then they thought
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00067-00027283-00027436 that was too small and they really
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00068-00027437-00027601 wanted to be able to expand their work
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00069-00027602-00027880 and be able to see what they can do for
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00070-00027881-00028213 a range of different conditions not just
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00071-00028214-00028717 their own genetic line is really a
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00072-00028718-00028860 network model
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00073-00028861-00029235 we have our based with our disease
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00074-00029236-00029529 advocacy and support groups there are
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00075-00029530-00029818 over 1100 of those within our network
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00076-00029819-00030054 but then we also wrote up the range of
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00077-00030055-00030335 other organizations from hospitals
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00078-00030336-00030670 professional societies and governments
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00079-00030671-00030914 really the whole range because you can
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00080-00030915-00031098 credit vertical that there are these
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00081-00031099-00031374 partnerships across sectors to really be
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00082-00031375-00031677 able to make it and have got more to and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00083-00031677-00031920 within our network we have about 10,000
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00084-00031920-00032195 different organizations and we have rang
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00085-00032196-00032385 James relationship with them it's not a
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00086-00032386-00032561 membership base there's no fee
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00087-00032562-00032898 associated with that but we really want
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00088-00032899-00033089 to partner with as many different people
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00089-00033090-00033558 as possible in just a few highlights of
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00090-00033559-00033795 genetic Alliance was founded in nineteen
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00091-00033796-00034115 eighty six and we are very close to
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00092-00034116-00034343 celebrating our 30th anniversary which
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00093-00034344-00034557 we are thrilled about and really would
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00094-00034558-00034749 be possible with some of the people in
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00095-00034750-00035045 this miracle really help support
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00096-00035046-00035249 it was founded by any social worker
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00097-00035250-00035552 named joan boyce and she really believed
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00098-00035553-00035927 that the leaders of the advocacy and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00099-00035928-00036199 support groups they needed a place to go
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00100-00036200-00036421 and learn where they can have
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00101-00036422-00036665 information about start an organization
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00102-00036666-00036940 that need to start participating in
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00103-00036941-00037145 research and that was the foundation of
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00104-00037146-00037577 the organization in 2013 the genetic
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00105-00037578-00037790 alliance registering provide a hoe
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00106-00037791-00038108 Steelers and this is really based on a
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00107-00038109-00038383 co-op model where we all know I think
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00108-00038384-00038540 there's even a poster that talk about
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00109-00038541-00038867 our registries worth it outside and we
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00110-00038868-00038990 know that those can be very expensive
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00111-00038991-00039233 and this is a way that it's a shared
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00112-00039234-00039521 platform that can really help cut down
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00113-00039522-00039839 the cost for and small organizations or
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00114-00039840-00040079 groups that like to have a registered by
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00115-00040080-00040402 the bank episode and the coop model
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00116-00040403-00040621 meaning that we provided platform but
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00117-00040622-00040843 it's the group of organization that owns
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00118-00040844-00041057 the data that makes the rules in terms
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00119-00041058-00041360 of inclusion and still maintains control
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00120-00041361-00041720 over that and within this current decade
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00121-00041721-00041987 we've really focused on creating tools
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00122-00041988-00042257 to help people get the information that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00123-00042258-00042546 they need a couple examples of that is
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00124-00042547-00042839 baby's first test which is finish the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00125-00042840-00043112 u.s. is newborn screening clearinghouse
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00126-00043113-00043381 it has information on all weekend
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00127-00043382-00043678 parts of newborn screening earlier this
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00128-00043679-00043909 year we launched it in Spanish which are
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00129-00043910-00044194 very excited about it has like I said
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00130-00044195-00044350 detailed information about all the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00131-00044351-00044668 different conditions resources and so
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00132-00044669-00045063 we're excited to be able to work on that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00133-00045064-00045418 so I talked a bit about engagement and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00134-00045419-00045745 you think engagement it's key to really
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00135-00045746-00046051 being equal to different initiatives and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00136-00046052-00046360 what I mean by that is it's not just
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00137-00046361-00046582 that oh you know in this country or in
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00138-00046583-00046696 that country there's another
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00139-00046697-00046942 organization that's similar to you or
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00140-00046943-00047146 someone it's doing similar work that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00141-00047147-00047296 you're doing we're just really crucial
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00142-00047297-00047482 that we connect with each other and we
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00143-00047483-00047761 should those lessons learned and that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00144-00047762-00047914 that takes relationship building it
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00145-00047915-00048151 takes time the tips effort but out of
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00146-00048152-00048361 that you can really be able to learn a
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00147-00048362-00048715 lot and words cause on much faster and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00148-00048716-00049006 that there will need to be initiatives
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00149-00049007-00049201 in place to help back which is why it's
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00150-00049202-00049426 so great for me to be here at uncor
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00151-00049427-00049714 because such a great organization is
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00152-00049715-00050040 really fostered that connection across
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00153-00050041-00050260 country lines all over the globe
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00154-00050261-00050515 annoying it's not one size fits all but
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00155-00050516-00051061 there's still a lot from each other one
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00156-00051062-00051240 thing that is very important to know is
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00157-00051241-00051490 that once you have crossed that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00158-00051491-00051745 diagnosed line and you hear that you or
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00159-00051746-00051985 your family members diagnosed doesn't
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00160-00051986-00052189 matter what country you're from or what
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00161-00052190-00052250 your help
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00162-00052251-00052424 system looks like we're all looking for
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00163-00052425-00052654 the same thing which is answers and a
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00164-00052655-00052859 clear sense of what are the next steps
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00165-00052860-00053048 for better health and it's really
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00166-00053049-00053351 important for us agate and come together
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00167-00053352-00053837 around that so this is a slide that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00168-00053838-00054192 talks about the building of advocacy and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00169-00054194-00054785 over it has a 50 60 years I'll stars at
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00170-00054786-00055109 in the 1990s this is a time when the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00171-00055110-00055330 idea of patient power really came into
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00172-00055332-00055835 play and I really at yesterday in the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00173-00055836-00055964 discussion group that was about
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00174-00055965-00056228 crowdsourcing and social media and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00175-00056229-00056408 someone said you know right now we have
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00176-00056409-00056621 facebook but before that we had yahoo
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00177-00056622-00056804 groups and before that there is
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00178-00056804-00057104 something else you know since the baby
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00179-00057104-00057275 is really using the internet people have
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00180-00057276-00057457 been able to come together and really
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00181-00057458-00057730 how to determine what is best for their
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00182-00057732-00057989 communities and that really helps moved
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00183-00057990-00058253 into the age of what we call research
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00184-00058254-00058535 advocacy where you see advocacy groups
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00185-00058536-00058844 on really across the world not just
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00186-00058845-00059120 focus on support which is very important
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00187-00059121-00059247 and how family
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00188-00059248-00059553 day by day but also starting to set the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00189-00059554-00059847 research initiatives saying you know we
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00190-00059848-00060038 live with this disease or this condition
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00191-00060039-00060242 day in and day out this is what we
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00192-00060244-00060431 really think is important this is the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00193-00060432-00060605 data that we think needs to be collected
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00194-00060607-00061019 to help alleviate the issues that were
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00195-00061020-00061446 doing here you know this also happened
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00196-00061447-00061619 during the time of moving into it's
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00197-00061620-00061868 called the information age at this point
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00198-00061869-00062081 sometimes it feels like information
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00199-00062082-00062340 overload David's age there's so much
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00200-00062341-00062628 going on there's so much information and
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00201-00062629-00062850 because of that because there's so much
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00202-00062851-00063050 access to information it makes it even
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00203-00063051-00063232 that much more important that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00204-00063233-00063469 organizations are able to collaborate
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00205-00063470-00063762 across borders and throughout the world
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00206-00063763-00064031 because it can be very easy especially
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00207-00064032-00064313 if you're just starting out to not know
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00208-00064314-00064481 where to go to be overwhelmed the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00209-00064482-00064682 information and to not be able to town
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00210-00064683-00064854 what's the right information with
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00211-00064854-00065129 current is paper from 10 years ago still
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00212-00065130-00065417 relevant or not against is why it's
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00213-00065419-00065575 really important to be able to
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00214-00065576-00065877 those channels of communication with
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00215-00065878-00066166 different organizations throughout the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00216-00066167-00066637 world you know throughout the clinical
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00217-00066638-00066985 research paradigm you could say there's
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00218-00066986-00067234 a need for patient voice and I put an
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00219-00067235-00067480 emphasis on the voices that there's more
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00220-00067481-00067657 than one and I can't tell you how many
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00221-00067658-00067927 conferences and articles that i read
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00222-00067928-00068056 that talked about the patient
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00223-00068057-00068314 perspective there's not one not one
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00224-00068315-00068527 place that's all we all are living our
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00225-00068528-00068734 lives that have different factors that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00226-00068735-00068968 are factoring into that and so it's
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00227-00068969-00069130 important to hold from all those
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00228-00069131-00069436 experiences to be able to look and say
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00229-00069437-00069640 okay an educational program in one
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00230-00069641-00069883 country sometimes these videos to
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00231-00069884-00070111 communicate and that's really great but
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00232-00070112-00070297 videos isn't going to necessarily work
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00233-00070298-00070462 in another country or in another culture
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00234-00070463-00070612 you really need that one-on-one
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00235-00070613-00070906 face-to-face time that's important to us
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00236-00070907-00071206 all to learn about that because by
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00237-00071207-00071400 sharing those experiences
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00238-00071401-00071661 we all can get better we can all improve
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00239-00071662-00071871 the research that were engaged in or
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00240-00071872-00072128 India
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00241-00072129-00072515 grassroots or involve it is by being
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00242-00072516-00072704 able Torin seeing what's happening in
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00243-00072705-00073298 different communities well I don't like
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00244-00073299-00073598 to focus on the negative I think it's
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00245-00073599-00073760 important to identify some of the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00246-00073761-00073981 barriers that sometimes come up when
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00247-00073982-00074137 you're looking at international
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00248-00074138-00074437 collaborations the a genetic Alliance we
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00249-00074438-00074585 work with a range of different
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00250-00074586-00074810 organizations and sometimes you see
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00251-00074811-00075092 around a particular condition here the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00252-00075093-00075244 group's not really being able to work
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00253-00075245-00075400 well together because they have
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00254-00075401-00075613 conflicting priorities and then to say
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00255-00075614-00075797 there's nothing more heartbreaking than
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00256-00075798-00076024 seeing you will not be able to get past
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00257-00076025-00076265 that but it's a reality you know you
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00258-00076266-00076468 have one who fed fields resources should
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00259-00076469-00076703 go to support services and they have
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00260-00076704-00076880 another group that this research is the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00261-00076881-00077131 key these are all important it's
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00262-00077132-00077360 important for us to to be able to move
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00263-00077361-00077587 beyond that that is a very real factor
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00264-00077588-00077754 that on some time
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00265-00077755-00078085 priorities there's also issues of having
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00266-00078086-00078388 varying regulatory funding mechanism you
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00267-00078389-00078586 get a hurdle to understand what's going
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00268-00078587-00079019 on over there different what's going on
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00269-00079020-00079371 life also it is a different healthcare
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00270-00079372-00079643 system and I can probably fill this out
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00271-00079644-00080079 with all the carriers but it's important
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00272-00080080-00080279 when you get bogged down in the barriers
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00273-00080280-00080598 and what's not looking to remember to
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00274-00080599-00080847 really important question and that is
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00275-00080848-00081101 what is truly at stake and what really
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00276-00081102-00081396 matters most maybe we would all say is
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00277-00081397-00081676 that the regulatory system or it is it
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00278-00081677-00082013 the funding but how do we get to better
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00279-00082014-00082256 health and better well-being for those
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00280-00082257-00082448 affected by these different conditions
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00281-00082449-00082742 we're going to reorient ourselves back
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00282-00082743-00083034 to that kind of guiding light you can
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00283-00083035-00083213 then really be able to move forward in
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00284-00083214-00083553 partnerships and this is something that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00285-00083554-00083719 while it's important for the
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00286-00083720-00083959 whose advocacy themselves to do or in
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00287-00083960-00084196 surprising ways to come together across
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00288-00084197-00084511 condition globally it's awesome word for
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00289-00084512-00084781 everyone who's involved a rarity by
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00290-00084782-00085150 supporting that work and initiative to
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00291-00085151-00085417 connect at that higher level one that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00292-00085418-00085702 baked not better well-being we all will
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00293-00085703-00085900 be able to make much further but there's
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00294-00085901-00086077 a role for anger and put those patient
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00295-00086078-00086461 advocacy groups and then also to work on
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00296-00086462-00086656 finding them or work in partnership with
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00297-00086657-00086941 them to really come move those classes
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00298-00086942-00087292 along so now i'm going to i put those
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00299-00087293-00087775 there just a couple of tools that we
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00300-00087776-00087997 have at genetic lines that help of that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00301-00087998-00088348 this unfortunately this little penalty
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00302-00088349-00088594 fee was obsolete in a couple of weeks i
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00303-00088595-00088813 was ordering a redesign of our disease
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00304-00088814-00089304 info search but it has information on I
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00305-00089305-00089539 understand at this point detailed
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00306-00089540-00089686 information on three thousand different
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00307-00089687-00089930 conditions
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00308-00089931-00090170 populated by the disease advocacy groups
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00309-00090171-00090335 themselves and partnership with our
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00310-00090336-00090689 in-house genetic counselor we have
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00311-00090690-00090998 information about different advocacy
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00312-00090999-00091226 groups so the idea is that someone has
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00313-00091227-00091382 just been diagnosed and they don't know
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00314-00091383-00091589 where to go they can come here and say
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00315-00091590-00091823 oh this is a local advocacy organization
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00316-00091824-00091988 or business or group advisor to connect
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00317-00091989-00092363 it and get more information we currently
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00318-00092364-00092675 pull articles from PubMed combination
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00319-00092676-00092819 that there's access to the latest
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00320-00092820-00093092 research and information and we also
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00321-00093093-00093248 have information about some of your
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00322-00093249-00093521 child's now this curtain is pulled just
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00323-00093522-00093776 from clinical trials of the US but we
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00324-00093777-00094004 are very interested in trying to see how
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00325-00094005-00094250 to relate trials or other alternatives
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00326-00094251-00094735 happening internationally we have a
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00327-00094736-00094943 non-gaming that people
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00328-00094944-00095234 translational science which color Nets
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00329-00095235-00095462 basically this is to highlight what it
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00330-00095463-00095729 takes to go from bench science or basic
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00331-00095730-00096053 science to getting a treatment now this
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00332-00096054-00096425 can look like a mess but it really is
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00333-00096426-00096575 broken down into what we call a
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00334-00096576-00096986 different neighborhood and so what that
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00335-00096987-00097343 means this is kind of one type of work
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00336-00097344-00097619 activity damage and this represents what
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00337-00097620-00097886 you need for clinical trials up here
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00338-00097887-00098190 it's more development and why we think
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00339-00098191-00098375 this is important and you can go to our
+5dcNOOJJcLc-00340-00098376-00098594 web
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00000-00000294-00000574 hello welcome back to Rebecca's tackle
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00001-00000575-00000743 so if you're watching My Lifestyle
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00002-00000744-00001025 Channel welcome back to Rebecca's live
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00007-00002160-00002387 um in North West last this year as
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00016-00004512-00004625 um
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00017-00004626-00004835 if you haven't subscribed to my Channel
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00018-00004836-00005272 Please Subscribe and I want to get to 2
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00024-00006714-00007001 I really do appreciate it if you do
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00028-00007722-00007925 um
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00029-00007926-00008267 the improvements um
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00030-00008268-00008657 I'm now hands-free
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00037-00010032-00010253 um saves me a lot of time
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00044-00011861-00012142 um next Sunday that can be downloaded
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00045-00012143-00012509 and it's uh travel news
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00046-00012510-00012685 um
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00047-00012686-00012871 November
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00048-00012872-00013315 2012 news Saturday so it's at the latest
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00049-00013316-00013535 travel news
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00051-00013980-00014515 if you do read that it's absolutely free
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00059-00017273-00017555 um
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00060-00017556-00017908 um so numb on Monday I'm going to be
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00062-00018254-00018755 exciting facts um October 2022
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00063-00018756-00019139 at part five on Tuesday at the person
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00064-00019140-00019336 I've had but I'm going to be going to
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00065-00019337-00019944 travel news UK 5x sighting at facts
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00066-00019945-00020399 November 2021 part one on Wednesday I'm
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00067-00020400-00020579 going to be doing a budget travel
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00068-00020580-00021250 special 10 fantastic facts November 2022
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00069-00021251-00021394 um part
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00070-00021395-00021880 uh one on
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00071-00021881-00022163 on Thursday I'm going to be doing 10 of
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00072-00022164-00022378 the cheapest countries that you can
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00073-00022379-00022847 travel to November 2022 and last but not
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00074-00022848-00023219 least on Sunday I'm going to do my
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00075-00023220-00023585 um my travel and lifestyle improvements
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00076-00023586-00023797 updates and more
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00077-00023798-00024047 perfect to that
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00078-00024048-00024143 um
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00079-00024144-00024407 I'm open to do some more
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00080-00024408-00024905 um SEO to try and get um the views and
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00081-00024906-00025108 also if I travel and My Lifestyle
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00082-00025109-00025285 Channel of
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00084-00025638-00026122 and I would like to say I hope you have
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+5j5bnHFw9vA-00090-00027636-00027929 the top one use worldwide
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00091-00027930-00028390 at 10 latest exciting facts so thank you
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00092-00028391-00028787 for watching and I hope everybody's well
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00093-00028788-00029093 and thank you and bye for now thank you
+5j5bnHFw9vA-00094-00029094-00029360 bye
+5nWqxBccZfg-00000-00000054-00000314 a notifiable disease as any disease that
+5nWqxBccZfg-00001-00000315-00000536 is required by law to be reported to
+5nWqxBccZfg-00002-00000537-00000798 government authorities the collation of
+5nWqxBccZfg-00003-00000799-00001002 information allows the authorities to
+5nWqxBccZfg-00004-00001002-00001193 monitor the disease and provides early
+5nWqxBccZfg-00005-00001194-00001482 warning of possible outbreaks in the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00006-00001483-00001673 case of livestock diseases there may
+5nWqxBccZfg-00007-00001675-00001889 also be the legal requirement to destroy
+5nWqxBccZfg-00008-00001891-00002129 the infected livestock upon notification
+5nWqxBccZfg-00009-00002130-00002340 many governments have enacted
+5nWqxBccZfg-00010-00002341-00002586 regulations for reporting of both human
+5nWqxBccZfg-00011-00002587-00003334 and animal generally livestock diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00012-00003335-00003849 topic global
+5nWqxBccZfg-00013-00003850-00004179 you
+5nWqxBccZfg-00014-00004180-00004659 topic human
+5nWqxBccZfg-00015-00004660-00004866 the World Health Organization's
+5nWqxBccZfg-00016-00004867-00005169 international health regulations 1969
+5nWqxBccZfg-00017-00005170-00005349 required disease reporting to the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00018-00005350-00005541 organization in order to help with its
+5nWqxBccZfg-00019-00005542-00005769 global surveillance and advisory role
+5nWqxBccZfg-00020-00005770-00006122 the current 1969 regulations are rather
+5nWqxBccZfg-00021-00006123-00006333 limited with a focus on reporting of
+5nWqxBccZfg-00022-00006334-00006579 three main diseases cholera yellow fever
+5nWqxBccZfg-00023-00006580-00006795 and plague the revised international
+5nWqxBccZfg-00024-00006795-00007065 health regulations 2005 broadens this
+5nWqxBccZfg-00025-00007066-00007256 scope and is no longer limited to the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00026-00007258-00007556 notification of specific diseases whilst
+5nWqxBccZfg-00027-00007558-00007776 it does identify a number of specific
+5nWqxBccZfg-00028-00007777-00008016 diseases it also defines a limited set
+5nWqxBccZfg-00029-00008017-00008220 of criteria to assist in deciding
+5nWqxBccZfg-00030-00008221-00008980 whether an event is notifiable to w-h-o
+5nWqxBccZfg-00031-00008981-00009458 topic animal
+5nWqxBccZfg-00032-00009459-00009698 the OI World Organization for Animal
+5nWqxBccZfg-00033-00009699-00009962 Health monitors specific animal diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00034-00009963-00010213 on a global scale
+5nWqxBccZfg-00035-00010214-00010852 diseases notifiable to the oi
+5nWqxBccZfg-00036-00010853-00011720 topic Australia
+5nWqxBccZfg-00037-00011721-00012203 topic human
+5nWqxBccZfg-00038-00012204-00012431 the national notifiable diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00039-00012432-00012692 surveillance system and NDS s was
+5nWqxBccZfg-00040-00012693-00013046 established in 1990 notifications are
+5nWqxBccZfg-00041-00013047-00013244 made to the states or territory health
+5nWqxBccZfg-00042-00013245-00013485 authority and computerized to identified
+5nWqxBccZfg-00043-00013486-00013644 records are then supplied to the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00044-00013644-00013797 Department of Health and Ageing for
+5nWqxBccZfg-00045-00013797-00014111 collation analysis and publication the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00046-00014112-00014352 Australian national notifiable diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00047-00014353-00014580 list in case definitions are available
+5nWqxBccZfg-00048-00014581-00015116 online
+5nWqxBccZfg-00049-00015116-00015594 topic animal
+5nWqxBccZfg-00050-00015595-00015813 within Australia the Department of
+5nWqxBccZfg-00051-00015815-00016000 Agriculture Fisheries and forestry
+5nWqxBccZfg-00052-00016001-00016255 regulates the notification of infectious
+5nWqxBccZfg-00053-00016256-00016508 animal diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00054-00016509-00016745 national list of notifiable animal
+5nWqxBccZfg-00055-00016746-00017084 diseases state and territory notifiable
+5nWqxBccZfg-00056-00017085-00017669 animal diseases lists
+5nWqxBccZfg-00057-00017670-00018520 topic Brazil
+5nWqxBccZfg-00058-00018521-00019035 topic human
+5nWqxBccZfg-00059-00019036-00019222 notification is regulated under
+5nWqxBccZfg-00060-00019223-00019428 Brazilian Ministry of Health ordinance
+5nWqxBccZfg-00061-00019429-00019683 number one point two seven one of June 6
+5nWqxBccZfg-00062-00019684-00019892 2014
+5nWqxBccZfg-00063-00019893-00020622 list of national notifiable diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00064-00020623-00021140 topic Canada
+5nWqxBccZfg-00065-00021141-00021469 you
+5nWqxBccZfg-00066-00021470-00021951 topic human
+5nWqxBccZfg-00067-00021952-00022643 list of national notifiable diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00068-00022644-00023164 topic France
+5nWqxBccZfg-00069-00023165-00023495 you
+5nWqxBccZfg-00070-00023496-00023976 topic human
+5nWqxBccZfg-00071-00023977-00024183 the first policies of mandatory
+5nWqxBccZfg-00072-00024184-00024441 notifiable disease originated a long
+5nWqxBccZfg-00073-00024442-00024690 time ago in France while exact times are
+5nWqxBccZfg-00074-00024691-00024873 unclear we know that at the end of the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00075-00024874-00025080 18th century plague was a highly
+5nWqxBccZfg-00076-00025081-00025317 enforced notifiable disease the current
+5nWqxBccZfg-00077-00025318-00025530 list of notifiable diseases is written
+5nWqxBccZfg-00078-00025531-00025761 in the code de la santé publique article
+5nWqxBccZfg-00079-00025762-00026241 d3 1 1 3 6 an article d3 1 137 last
+5nWqxBccZfg-00080-00026242-00026481 revision has been made in 2012 it
+5nWqxBccZfg-00081-00026482-00026793 contains 33 diseases 31 infectious ones
+5nWqxBccZfg-00082-00026794-00027027 and two non infectious disease directly
+5nWqxBccZfg-00083-00027027-00027219 linked to the environment lead poisoning
+5nWqxBccZfg-00084-00027220-00027525 and mesothelioma notifications of both
+5nWqxBccZfg-00085-00027526-00027699 the disease and the distribution of
+5nWqxBccZfg-00086-00027700-00027920 specific medicine are made to a regional
+5nWqxBccZfg-00087-00027922-00028170 desk governmental agency called agents
+5nWqxBccZfg-00088-00028170-00028476 regional descente by physician and
+5nWqxBccZfg-00089-00028477-00028695 biologists both in public or in private
+5nWqxBccZfg-00090-00028695-00029120 workplaces physician controllers Mis P
+5nWqxBccZfg-00091-00029122-00029333 an administrative civil servant from
+5nWqxBccZfg-00092-00029335-00029570 directions de partum entails de Affairs
+5nWqxBccZfg-00093-00029572-00029989 Senate tears at sociales DDA SS
+5nWqxBccZfg-00094-00029991-00030204 epidemiologists from the institut de
+5nWqxBccZfg-00095-00030205-00030573 vale sanitaire invs drug sellers
+5nWqxBccZfg-00096-00030574-00030774 anonymous records are then used by the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00097-00030775-00031058 government health insurance system ill
+5nWqxBccZfg-00098-00031060-00031257 people must cure them and in many case
+5nWqxBccZfg-00099-00031258-00031869 are put in quarantine
+5nWqxBccZfg-00100-00031870-00032345 topic animal
+5nWqxBccZfg-00101-00032347-00032607 only infectious diseases are notifiable
+5nWqxBccZfg-00102-00032608-00032724 to the authorities
+5nWqxBccZfg-00103-00032725-00032928 the complete list can be found in the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00104-00032929-00033318 article l 223 222 du code rural it is
+5nWqxBccZfg-00105-00033319-00033519 updated with every new entry on world
+5nWqxBccZfg-00106-00033520-00033777 Organization for Animal Health boy lists
+5nWqxBccZfg-00107-00033778-00033969 a and B and with European Union
+5nWqxBccZfg-00108-00033970-00034594 mandatory lists
+5nWqxBccZfg-00109-00034595-00035138 topic New Zealand
+5nWqxBccZfg-00110-00035139-00035469 you
+5nWqxBccZfg-00111-00035470-00035985 topic human
+5nWqxBccZfg-00112-00035986-00036190 notification is regulated under the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00113-00036191-00036460 Health Act 1956 except for tuberculosis
+5nWqxBccZfg-00114-00036461-00036661 which is regulated under the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00115-00036662-00037168 tuberculosis Act 1948 all diseases list
+5nWqxBccZfg-00116-00037169-00037786 of national notifiable diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00117-00037787-00038355 topic united kingdom
+5nWqxBccZfg-00118-00038356-00038685 you
+5nWqxBccZfg-00119-00038686-00039184 topic human
+5nWqxBccZfg-00120-00039185-00039401 requirement for the notification of
+5nWqxBccZfg-00121-00039402-00039614 infectious diseases originated near the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00122-00039615-00039935 end of the 19th century the list started
+5nWqxBccZfg-00123-00039936-00040142 with a few select diseases and has since
+5nWqxBccZfg-00124-00040143-00040261 grown to 31
+5nWqxBccZfg-00125-00040262-00040517 currently disease notification for
+5nWqxBccZfg-00126-00040518-00040751 humans in the UK is regulated under the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00127-00040752-00040958 public health control of disease Act
+5nWqxBccZfg-00128-00040959-00041237 1984 in Public Health infectious
+5nWqxBccZfg-00129-00041238-00041618 diseases regulations 1988 the governing
+5nWqxBccZfg-00130-00041619-00041974 body is public health England - list of
+5nWqxBccZfg-00131-00041975-00042677 notifiable diseases can be found here 3
+5nWqxBccZfg-00132-00042678-00043133 topic children
+5nWqxBccZfg-00133-00043134-00043337 there are also requirements for
+5nWqxBccZfg-00134-00043338-00043559 notifications specific to children in
+5nWqxBccZfg-00135-00043560-00043739 the national standards for underage
+5nWqxBccZfg-00136-00043740-00043949 daycare and child minding that state
+5nWqxBccZfg-00137-00043950-00044180 office for standards in education should
+5nWqxBccZfg-00138-00044181-00044369 be notified of any food poisoning
+5nWqxBccZfg-00139-00044370-00044567 affecting two or more children looked
+5nWqxBccZfg-00140-00044568-00044789 after on the premises any child having
+5nWqxBccZfg-00141-00044790-00044984 meningitis or the outbreak on the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00142-00044985-00045191 premises of any notifiable disease
+5nWqxBccZfg-00143-00045192-00045407 identified as such in the public health
+5nWqxBccZfg-00144-00045408-00045734 control of disease Act 1984 or because
+5nWqxBccZfg-00145-00045735-00045908 the notification requirement has been
+5nWqxBccZfg-00146-00045909-00046115 applied to them by regulations the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00147-00046116-00046298 relevant regulations are the public
+5nWqxBccZfg-00148-00046299-00046517 health infectious diseases regulations
+5nWqxBccZfg-00149-00046518-00047107 1988
+5nWqxBccZfg-00150-00047108-00047586 topic animal
+5nWqxBccZfg-00151-00047587-00047862 in the UK notification of diseases in
+5nWqxBccZfg-00152-00047863-00048065 animals as regulated by the Animal
+5nWqxBccZfg-00153-00048066-00048365 Health Act 1981 as well as the specified
+5nWqxBccZfg-00154-00048366-00048570 diseases notification and slaughter
+5nWqxBccZfg-00155-00048571-00048893 order 1992 as amended and specified
+5nWqxBccZfg-00156-00048894-00049206 diseases notification order 1996 as
+5nWqxBccZfg-00157-00049207-00049482 amended the Act states that a police
+5nWqxBccZfg-00158-00049483-00049701 constable should be notified however in
+5nWqxBccZfg-00159-00049702-00049917 practice a Defra divisional veterinary
+5nWqxBccZfg-00160-00049918-00050118 manager is notified in Defra will
+5nWqxBccZfg-00161-00050119-00050293 investigate
+5nWqxBccZfg-00162-00050294-00050968 list of notifiable diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00163-00050969-00051542 topic United States
+5nWqxBccZfg-00164-00051544-00051824 in the past notifiable diseases in the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00165-00051825-00052016 United States varied according to the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00166-00052017-00052304 laws of individual states the Centers
+5nWqxBccZfg-00167-00052305-00052526 for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
+5nWqxBccZfg-00168-00052527-00052742 and the Council of state and territorial
+5nWqxBccZfg-00169-00052744-00053016 epidemiologists CSTE
+5nWqxBccZfg-00170-00053016-00053229 also produced a list of nationally
+5nWqxBccZfg-00171-00053229-00053399 notifiable diseases that health
+5nWqxBccZfg-00172-00053400-00053616 officials should report to the CDC's
+5nWqxBccZfg-00173-00053616-00053799 national notifiable diseases
+5nWqxBccZfg-00174-00053800-00054179 surveillance system and NDS s a uniform
+5nWqxBccZfg-00175-00054180-00054396 criterion for reporting diseases to the
+5nWqxBccZfg-00176-00054397-00055204 NN DSS was introduced in 1990
+5nWqxBccZfg-00177-00055205-00055750 topic see also
+5nWqxBccZfg-00178-00055751-00056145 list of notifiable diseases
+60t9HoN1sSI-00000-00000071-00000471 today we will make overbust corset
+60t9HoN1sSI-00001-00000472-00000695 now we will try on this corset on a
+60t9HoN1sSI-00002-00000696-00000943 mannequin but i also want to remind you
+60t9HoN1sSI-00003-00000944-00001215 about the side of the bust dart i told
+60t9HoN1sSI-00004-00001216-00001447 you that during the fitting we will cut
+60t9HoN1sSI-00005-00001448-00001751 out part of the top line as a result the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00006-00001752-00001942 sides of the bar start
+60t9HoN1sSI-00007-00001943-00002191 will be on the red lines and
+60t9HoN1sSI-00008-00002192-00002407 not on the green line and now you will
+60t9HoN1sSI-00009-00002408-00002647 understand why
+60t9HoN1sSI-00010-00002648-00002910 dressed and we see that the top line of
+60t9HoN1sSI-00011-00002911-00003039 the corset
+60t9HoN1sSI-00012-00003040-00003390 is not adjacent to the mannequin
+60t9HoN1sSI-00013-00003392-00003622 if at the beginning of work we cut along
+60t9HoN1sSI-00014-00003623-00003870 the red lines then there will not be
+60t9HoN1sSI-00015-00003871-00004127 this freedom along the top line
+60t9HoN1sSI-00016-00004128-00004431 but during the fitting on a real live
+60t9HoN1sSI-00017-00004432-00004663 woman it may be necessary to move the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00018-00004664-00004911 past move the breast to the mid front
+60t9HoN1sSI-00019-00004912-00005206 line to make the bust sexy or add a push
+60t9HoN1sSI-00020-00005207-00005367 up
+60t9HoN1sSI-00021-00005368-00005599 in such a situation it may not be
+60t9HoN1sSI-00022-00005600-00005815 necessary to reduce the length of the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00023-00005816-00005943 top line
+60t9HoN1sSI-00024-00005944-00006191 or reduce it less
+60t9HoN1sSI-00025-00006192-00006375 therefore only with an
+60t9HoN1sSI-00026-00006376-00006614 increase in professional growth it is
+60t9HoN1sSI-00027-00006615-00006839 possible to decide at what stage to
+60t9HoN1sSI-00028-00006840-00007063 remove this surplus at the stage of
+60t9HoN1sSI-00029-00007064-00007534 making a button on during fitting
+60t9HoN1sSI-00030-00007536-00007734 we will cut the excess along the first
+60t9HoN1sSI-00031-00007736-00007974 seam but we pierce the pin between the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00032-00007975-00008174 first and second seams
+60t9HoN1sSI-00033-00008175-00008414 there are already bones in all the seams
+60t9HoN1sSI-00034-00008415-00008655 and this surplus cannot be pinned to the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00035-00008656-00008751 bones
+60t9HoN1sSI-00036-00008752-00008927 therefore at this stage the pin is
+60t9HoN1sSI-00037-00008928-00009167 between the seams it is necessary to
+60t9HoN1sSI-00038-00009168-00009367 carry out the fitting already with the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00039-00009368-00009655 inserted bones it is impossible to try
+60t9HoN1sSI-00040-00009656-00009871 and without bone signs it will not be
+60t9HoN1sSI-00041-00009872-00010391 clear to us at all what to do
+60t9HoN1sSI-00042-00010392-00010703 now adjust the bottom line but if for a
+60t9HoN1sSI-00043-00010704-00011014 podium or for a showcase or for other
+60t9HoN1sSI-00044-00011015-00011255 reasons we want to create a corset that
+60t9HoN1sSI-00045-00011256-00011351 is not
+60t9HoN1sSI-00046-00011352-00011735 adjacent to the bottom but this one
+60t9HoN1sSI-00047-00011736-00012031 and an undeherring corset should be very
+60t9HoN1sSI-00048-00012032-00012295 tight and rigid then you do not make
+60t9HoN1sSI-00049-00012296-00012519 this adjacent
+60t9HoN1sSI-00050-00012520-00012838 but if we do make a bridal corset then
+60t9HoN1sSI-00051-00012839-00013343 you need to adjust the bottom line too
+60t9HoN1sSI-00052-00013344-00013837 like this
+60t9HoN1sSI-00053-00013838-00014444 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00054-00014444-00015537 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00055-00015538-00016015 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00056-00016016-00016422 today we will make overbust corset
+60t9HoN1sSI-00057-00016423-00016639 i measure the distance from the pin to
+60t9HoN1sSI-00058-00016640-00016911 default of the setting on the ruler
+60t9HoN1sSI-00059-00016912-00017630 this distance is 7 millimeters
+60t9HoN1sSI-00060-00017631-00017894 and here are 13 millimeters
+60t9HoN1sSI-00061-00017895-00018222 7 plus 13 equals 20 millimeters we
+60t9HoN1sSI-00062-00018223-00018607 divide 20 millimeters into two seams
+60t9HoN1sSI-00063-00018608-00018830 it turns out 10 millimeters for each
+60t9HoN1sSI-00064-00018831-00018975 seam
+60t9HoN1sSI-00065-00018976-00019230 i want to explain again the total excess
+60t9HoN1sSI-00066-00019231-00019535 volume was pinned on the mannequin
+60t9HoN1sSI-00067-00019536-00019758 now we divide this turtle volume in two
+60t9HoN1sSI-00068-00019759-00020047 seams so that as a result our core set
+60t9HoN1sSI-00069-00020048-00020207 is symmetrical and
+60t9HoN1sSI-00070-00020208-00020422 and aesthetically correct
+60t9HoN1sSI-00071-00020423-00020647 if at this stage of work we remove seven
+60t9HoN1sSI-00072-00020648-00020894 millimeters in one sim and 13
+60t9HoN1sSI-00073-00020895-00021167 millimeters in the second seam
+60t9HoN1sSI-00074-00021168-00021486 then the corset design will turn out to
+60t9HoN1sSI-00075-00021487-00021750 be asymmetric and skewed
+60t9HoN1sSI-00076-00021751-00021950 we don't need that that will be a
+60t9HoN1sSI-00077-00021951-00022135 mistake
+60t9HoN1sSI-00078-00022136-00022486 and now you need to divide 20 by two
+60t9HoN1sSI-00079-00022487-00022719 and such an adjustment will give the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00080-00022720-00023047 desired aesthetic result i remove the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00081-00023048-00023967 pins and work on the wrong side
+60t9HoN1sSI-00082-00023968-00024167 from the seam i measure the same 10
+60t9HoN1sSI-00083-00024168-00025286 millimeters and mark the point
+60t9HoN1sSI-00084-00025287-00025783 now i mark the point at the waist
+60t9HoN1sSI-00085-00025783-00026442 with the second same seam i do the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00086-00026443-00026683 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00087-00026683-00027087 same i measure 10 millimeters
+60t9HoN1sSI-00088-00027088-00027351 i mark a point
+60t9HoN1sSI-00089-00027352-00027614 i mark a point at the waist
+60t9HoN1sSI-00090-00027616-00027839 and i connect these two points with a
+60t9HoN1sSI-00091-00027839-00028700 straight line
+60t9HoN1sSI-00092-00028701-00029470 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00093-00029472-00030183 i remove the cross seam here
+60t9HoN1sSI-00094-00030183-00030655 and on the second seam too
+60t9HoN1sSI-00095-00030656-00031075 after that i will also remove the bones
+60t9HoN1sSI-00096-00031076-00031407 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00097-00031408-00031655 as you see i elsa corrected on the top
+60t9HoN1sSI-00098-00031656-00031783 line
+60t9HoN1sSI-00099-00031783-00031990 but here we connect the bust point with
+60t9HoN1sSI-00100-00031991-00032446 a straight line with the excess point
+60t9HoN1sSI-00101-00032447-00032687 along the top line the total excess was
+60t9HoN1sSI-00102-00032688-00033015 also two centimeters for two seams
+60t9HoN1sSI-00103-00033016-00033279 now i remove part of the seam along the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00104-00033280-00033423 top line
+60t9HoN1sSI-00105-00033424-00033662 i remove a small part of the seam but
+60t9HoN1sSI-00106-00033663-00033967 enough of the seam to sew a new seam
+60t9HoN1sSI-00107-00033968-00034159 along the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00108-00034160-00034374 corrected lines
+60t9HoN1sSI-00109-00034375-00034862 along the corrected lines
+60t9HoN1sSI-00110-00034863-00035071 from the top line along the blue line
+60t9HoN1sSI-00111-00035072-00035302 through the bust point and along the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00112-00035303-00035518 seam to the point at the waist and again
+60t9HoN1sSI-00113-00035519-00035743 along the blue line i will sew a new
+60t9HoN1sSI-00114-00035744-00036170 seam
+60t9HoN1sSI-00115-00036171-00036430 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00116-00036431-00036711 and i also cut off part of the allowance
+60t9HoN1sSI-00117-00036712-00036918 leaving 15 millimeters from the blue
+60t9HoN1sSI-00118-00036919-00037847 line
+60t9HoN1sSI-00119-00037848-00039559 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00120-00039560-00039751 i sewed new seams
+60t9HoN1sSI-00121-00039752-00040062 and ironed it
+60t9HoN1sSI-00122-00040063-00040399 all first seams have been
+60t9HoN1sSI-00123-00040400-00040543 removed
+60t9HoN1sSI-00124-00040544-00041691 there are only new ones
+60t9HoN1sSI-00125-00041692-00043780 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00126-00043781-00044576 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00127-00044577-00045951 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00128-00045952-00046255 using this pattern i will make not only
+60t9HoN1sSI-00129-00046256-00046527 this corset but also other course sets
+60t9HoN1sSI-00130-00046528-00046711 for example
+60t9HoN1sSI-00131-00046712-00046927 this tool core set
+60t9HoN1sSI-00132-00046928-00047335 and this setting corset and
+60t9HoN1sSI-00133-00047336-00047462 i will make
+60t9HoN1sSI-00134-00047463-00047671 another corsets
+60t9HoN1sSI-00135-00047672-00047967 therefore all those changes that we just
+60t9HoN1sSI-00136-00047968-00048174 made on the core set i draw on the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00137-00048175-00048455 details of the pattern of this corset
+60t9HoN1sSI-00138-00048456-00048727 the bust dart has the necessary red
+60t9HoN1sSI-00139-00048728-00048902 lines but i also could have one
+60t9HoN1sSI-00140-00048903-00049127 centimeters along the bottom line for
+60t9HoN1sSI-00141-00049128-00049430 details number one and number two
+60t9HoN1sSI-00142-00049431-00049686 i explain again those changes that we
+60t9HoN1sSI-00143-00049687-00049911 have already made on textiles will make
+60t9HoN1sSI-00144-00049912-00050215 the same change on paper
+60t9HoN1sSI-00145-00050216-00050455 like this
+60t9HoN1sSI-00146-00050456-00051516 just watch
+60t9HoN1sSI-00147-00051517-00052802 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00148-00052803-00052982 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00149-00052983-00053279 and one more step with the uncut sides
+60t9HoN1sSI-00150-00053279-00053599 of the bust dart
+60t9HoN1sSI-00151-00053600-00054342 i pin both details along the red lines
+60t9HoN1sSI-00152-00054344-00054719 and i take the adhesive textiles i pin
+60t9HoN1sSI-00153-00054720-00054838 this both
+60t9HoN1sSI-00154-00054839-00055159 details
+60t9HoN1sSI-00155-00055160-00055919 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00156-00055920-00056047 and i take
+60t9HoN1sSI-00157-00056048-00056271 the detail number free
+60t9HoN1sSI-00158-00056272-00056559 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00159-00056560-00056799 this is the bust line
+60t9HoN1sSI-00160-00056800-00057751 and this is the bust line too
+60t9HoN1sSI-00161-00057752-00057991 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00162-00057991-00058238 i repeat this line and i could
+60t9HoN1sSI-00163-00058239-00058511 and i cut out the detail from adhesive
+60t9HoN1sSI-00164-00058512-00058879 textiles
+60t9HoN1sSI-00165-00058879-00059103 the width of this
+60t9HoN1sSI-00166-00059104-00059247 detail
+60t9HoN1sSI-00167-00059248-00060104 is 15 millimeters
+60t9HoN1sSI-00168-00060105-00061254 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00169-00061255-00061511 finally i cut off parts of the details
+60t9HoN1sSI-00170-00061512-00061711 along the red lines
+60t9HoN1sSI-00171-00061712-00061935 and cut out the
+60t9HoN1sSI-00172-00061936-00063079 detail of the adhesive textile
+60t9HoN1sSI-00173-00063079-00063391 i cut in the center
+60t9HoN1sSI-00174-00063391-00063806 this is the mid front mark
+60t9HoN1sSI-00175-00063807-00064823 after that i glue with the hot iron
+60t9HoN1sSI-00176-00064824-00065126 i hope you understand i glue
+60t9HoN1sSI-00177-00065127-00065279 this
+60t9HoN1sSI-00178-00065279-00066881 adhesive textile detail
+60t9HoN1sSI-00179-00066882-00067382 [Music]
+60t9HoN1sSI-00180-00067383-00067592 you
+61XVshPp6uk-00000-00000239-00000487 it's time for
+61XVshPp6uk-00001-00000488-00000726 time for truth
+61XVshPp6uk-00002-00000727-00001007 it's time for
+61XVshPp6uk-00003-00001008-00001254 time for truth
+61XVshPp6uk-00004-00001255-00001759 it's time for
+61XVshPp6uk-00005-00001760-00002260 it's time for truth
+64gfipZpSAQ-00000-00000304-00000865 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00001-00000866-00001293 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00002-00001294-00001842 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00003-00001843-00002397 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00004-00002398-00002828 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00005-00002829-00003379 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00006-00003380-00003933 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00007-00003934-00004364 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00008-00004365-00004915 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00009-00004916-00005468 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00010-00005469-00005900 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00011-00005901-00006452 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00012-00006453-00007005 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00013-00007006-00007435 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00014-00007436-00007988 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00015-00007989-00008542 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00016-00008543-00008973 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00017-00008974-00009521 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00018-00009522-00010078 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00019-00010079-00010509 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00020-00010510-00011060 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00021-00011061-00011614 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00022-00011615-00012045 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00023-00012046-00012594 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00024-00012595-00013150 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00025-00013151-00013580 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00026-00013581-00014132 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00027-00014133-00014686 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00028-00014687-00015116 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00029-00015118-00015666 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00030-00015666-00016222 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00031-00016222-00016653 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00032-00016654-00017204 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00033-00017205-00017758 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00034-00017759-00018189 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00035-00018190-00018738 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00036-00018739-00019294 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00037-00019295-00019725 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00038-00019726-00020276 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00039-00020277-00020830 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00040-00020831-00021261 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00041-00021262-00021810 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00042-00021811-00022366 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00043-00022367-00022797 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00044-00022798-00023348 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00045-00023349-00023902 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00046-00023903-00024333 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00047-00024334-00024882 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00048-00024883-00025438 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00049-00025439-00025869 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00050-00025870-00026420 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00051-00026420-00026974 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00052-00026975-00027405 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00053-00027406-00027954 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00054-00027955-00028510 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00055-00028511-00028940 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00056-00028941-00029492 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00057-00029493-00030045 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00058-00030047-00030477 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00059-00030477-00031026 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00060-00031027-00031582 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00061-00031583-00032012 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00062-00032013-00032564 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00063-00032564-00033118 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00064-00033119-00033549 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00065-00033550-00034098 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00066-00034099-00034654 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00067-00034655-00035085 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00068-00035086-00035636 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00069-00035637-00036190 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00070-00036191-00036621 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00071-00036622-00037170 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00072-00037171-00037726 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00073-00037727-00038157 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00074-00038158-00038708 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00075-00038709-00039262 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00076-00039263-00039693 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00077-00039694-00040242 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00078-00040243-00040798 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00079-00040799-00041229 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00080-00041230-00041780 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00081-00041781-00042334 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00082-00042335-00042765 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00083-00042766-00043314 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00084-00043315-00043870 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00085-00043871-00044301 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00086-00044302-00044852 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00087-00044853-00045406 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00088-00045407-00045837 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00089-00045838-00046386 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00090-00046387-00046942 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00091-00046943-00047373 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00092-00047374-00047924 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00093-00047925-00048478 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00094-00048479-00048909 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00095-00048910-00049458 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00096-00049459-00050014 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00097-00050015-00050445 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00098-00050446-00050996 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00099-00050997-00051550 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00100-00051551-00051980 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00101-00051982-00052529 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00102-00052530-00053086 topic see also
+64gfipZpSAQ-00103-00053087-00053516 integral equation integral symbol
+64gfipZpSAQ-00104-00053517-00054067 non-newtonian calculus
+64gfipZpSAQ-00105-00054069-00054622 topic see also
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+64limMWrZ9y-00173-00055299-00055643 probably would echo
+688v78hFAqE-00000-00000051-00000388 antwuan on rebec Earl French I Biko the
+688v78hFAqE-00001-00000389-00000719 15th of December 1852 to the 25th of
+688v78hFAqE-00002-00000720-00001007 August 1908 was a French physicist nobel
+688v78hFAqE-00003-00001008-00001178 laureate and the first person to
+688v78hFAqE-00004-00001179-00001466 discover evidence of radioactivity for
+688v78hFAqE-00005-00001467-00001648 work in this field he along with Marie
+688v78hFAqE-00006-00001650-00001844 Sklodowska Curie and Pierre Curie
+688v78hFAqE-00007-00001845-00002149 received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics
+688v78hFAqE-00008-00002150-00002510 the SI unit for radioactivity the Beckel
+688v78hFAqE-00009-00002511-00002983 BQ is named after him
+688v78hFAqE-00010-00002984-00003508 topic biography
+688v78hFAqE-00011-00003509-00004006 topic early life
+688v78hFAqE-00012-00004007-00004258 becquer was born in Paris into a wealthy
+688v78hFAqE-00013-00004259-00004492 family which produced four generations
+688v78hFAqE-00014-00004493-00004699 of physicists Becker's grandfather
+688v78hFAqE-00015-00004700-00004924 Antoine says our barrel father Alexander
+688v78hFAqE-00016-00004925-00005170 Edmond Becquerel and son Jeanne Beker
+688v78hFAqE-00017-00005171-00005476 all on restarted off his education by
+688v78hFAqE-00018-00005477-00005659 attending the lycée Lewis LeGrande
+688v78hFAqE-00019-00005660-00005977 school a prep school in Paris he studied
+688v78hFAqE-00020-00005978-00006100 engineering at the Ecole Polytechnique
+688v78hFAqE-00021-00006101-00006483 in the Ecole des ponts at chasse's in
+688v78hFAqE-00022-00006484-00006826 1874 on remarried Lucy Zoe Marie Hamim
+688v78hFAqE-00023-00006827-00006981 who would die while giving birth to
+688v78hFAqE-00024-00006983-00007333 their son Jean in 1890 he married Louise
+688v78hFAqE-00025-00007334-00007708 de Sarre Laura
+688v78hFAqE-00026-00007709-00008179 topic courier
+688v78hFAqE-00027-00008180-00008434 in Beckles early career he became the
+688v78hFAqE-00028-00008435-00008602 third in his family to occupy the
+688v78hFAqE-00029-00008603-00008800 physics chair at the mus am national
+688v78hFAqE-00030-00008801-00009181 d'histoire naturelle in 1892 later on in
+688v78hFAqE-00031-00009182-00009487 1894 Becker became chief engineer in the
+688v78hFAqE-00032-00009488-00009655 department of bridges and highways
+688v78hFAqE-00033-00009656-00009805 before he started with his early
+688v78hFAqE-00034-00009806-00010063 experiments Beckles earliest work
+688v78hFAqE-00035-00010064-00010249 centered on the subject of his doctoral
+688v78hFAqE-00036-00010250-00010447 thesis the plane polarization of light
+688v78hFAqE-00037-00010448-00010663 with the phenomenon of phosphorescence
+688v78hFAqE-00038-00010664-00010848 and absorption of light by crystals
+688v78hFAqE-00039-00010849-00011020 early in his career
+688v78hFAqE-00040-00011021-00011248 Becker also studied the Earth's magnetic
+688v78hFAqE-00041-00011249-00011413 fields beccarose discovery of
+688v78hFAqE-00042-00011414-00011653 spontaneous radioactivity is a famous
+688v78hFAqE-00043-00011654-00011860 example of serendipity of how chance
+688v78hFAqE-00044-00011861-00012127 favors the prepared mind bet girl had
+688v78hFAqE-00045-00012128-00012325 long been interested in phosphorescence
+688v78hFAqE-00046-00012326-00012493 the emission of light of one color
+688v78hFAqE-00047-00012494-00012700 following a body's exposure to light of
+688v78hFAqE-00048-00012701-00013041 another color in early 1896 there was a
+688v78hFAqE-00049-00013042-00013228 wave of excitement following wilhelm
+688v78hFAqE-00050-00013229-00013468 conrad run guns discovery of x-rays on
+688v78hFAqE-00051-00013469-00013759 the 5th of january during the experiment
+688v78hFAqE-00052-00013760-00013993 Rankin found that the crooks tubes he
+688v78hFAqE-00053-00013994-00014191 had been using to study cathode rays
+688v78hFAqE-00054-00014191-00014446 emitted a new kind of invisible ray that
+688v78hFAqE-00055-00014447-00014665 was capable of penetrating through black
+688v78hFAqE-00056-00014666-00015001 paper learning of renkins discovery from
+688v78hFAqE-00057-00015002-00015169 earlier that year during a meeting of
+688v78hFAqE-00058-00015169-00015363 the French Academy of Sciences caused
+688v78hFAqE-00059-00015365-00015616 Beckel to be interested and soon began
+688v78hFAqE-00060-00015616-00015802 looking for a connection between the
+688v78hFAqE-00061-00015803-00015991 phosphorescence he had already been
+688v78hFAqE-00062-00015991-00016194 investigating and the newly discovered
+688v78hFAqE-00063-00016195-00016513 x-rays of Renkin and thought that
+688v78hFAqE-00064-00016514-00016726 phosphorescent materials such as some
+688v78hFAqE-00065-00016727-00016933 uranium salts my team it penetrating
+688v78hFAqE-00066-00016934-00017164 x-ray like radiation when illuminated by
+688v78hFAqE-00067-00017165-00017544 bright sunlight by May 1896 after other
+688v78hFAqE-00068-00017545-00017779 experiments involving non phosphorescent
+688v78hFAqE-00069-00017780-00017989 uranium salts he arrived at the correct
+688v78hFAqE-00070-00017990-00018196 explanation namely that the penetrating
+688v78hFAqE-00071-00018197-00018415 radiation came from the uranium itself
+688v78hFAqE-00072-00018416-00018622 without any need for excitation by an
+688v78hFAqE-00073-00018623-00018889 external energy source there followed a
+688v78hFAqE-00074-00018890-00019060 period of intense research into
+688v78hFAqE-00075-00019061-00019225 radioactivity including the
+688v78hFAqE-00076-00019226-00019411 determination that the element thorium
+688v78hFAqE-00077-00019412-00019639 is also radioactive and the discovery of
+688v78hFAqE-00078-00019640-00019867 additional radioactive elements polonium
+688v78hFAqE-00079-00019868-00020094 and radium by Marie Sklodowska Curie and
+688v78hFAqE-00080-00020095-00020386 her husband Pierre Curie the intensive
+688v78hFAqE-00081-00020387-00020614 research of radioactivity led to Unruh
+688v78hFAqE-00082-00020615-00020782 publishing seven papers on the subject
+688v78hFAqE-00083-00020783-00021175 in 1896 Becker's other experiments
+688v78hFAqE-00084-00021176-00021325 allowed him to research more into
+688v78hFAqE-00085-00021326-00021538 radioactivity and figure out different
+688v78hFAqE-00086-00021539-00021568 as
+688v78hFAqE-00087-00021569-00021727 Effects of the magnetic field when
+688v78hFAqE-00088-00021728-00021889 radiation is introduced into the
+688v78hFAqE-00089-00021890-00022111 magnetic field when different
+688v78hFAqE-00090-00022112-00022318 radioactive substances were put in the
+688v78hFAqE-00091-00022319-00022495 magnetic field they deflected in
+688v78hFAqE-00092-00022496-00022663 different directions or not at all
+688v78hFAqE-00093-00022664-00022837 showing that there were three classes of
+688v78hFAqE-00094-00022838-00023068 radioactivity negative positive and
+688v78hFAqE-00095-00023069-00023425 electrically neutral as often happens in
+688v78hFAqE-00096-00023426-00023692 science radioactivity came close to
+688v78hFAqE-00097-00023693-00023869 being discovered nearly four decades
+688v78hFAqE-00098-00023870-00024253 earlier in 1857 when Abel NEETs de st.
+688v78hFAqE-00099-00024254-00024508 Victor who was investigating photography
+688v78hFAqE-00100-00024509-00024748 under michel eugène chevreul observed
+688v78hFAqE-00101-00024749-00024991 that uranium salts emitted radiation
+688v78hFAqE-00102-00024992-00025215 that could darken photographic emulsions
+688v78hFAqE-00103-00025216-00025644 by 1861 neaps de st. Victor realized
+688v78hFAqE-00104-00025645-00026025 that uranium salts produce a radiation
+688v78hFAqE-00105-00026026-00026272 that is invisible to our eyes quote dot
+688v78hFAqE-00106-00026273-00026512 neeps de st. Victor knew Edmond
+688v78hFAqE-00107-00026513-00026789 Becquerel on Rebecca Earl's father in
+688v78hFAqE-00108-00026791-00027102 1868 Edmond Becquerel published a book
+688v78hFAqE-00109-00027104-00027495 la lumière SES causes at sese feet light
+688v78hFAqE-00110-00027497-00027783 its causes and its effects on page 50 of
+688v78hFAqE-00111-00027785-00028075 volume 2 edmond noted that neeps de st.
+688v78hFAqE-00112-00028076-00028290 Victor had observed that some objects
+688v78hFAqE-00113-00028291-00028486 that had been exposed to sunlight could
+688v78hFAqE-00114-00028487-00028720 expose photographic plates even in the
+688v78hFAqE-00115-00028720-00029023 dark neeps further noted that on the one
+688v78hFAqE-00116-00029024-00029242 hand the effect was diminished if an
+688v78hFAqE-00117-00029243-00029413 obstruction were placed between a
+688v78hFAqE-00118-00029414-00029635 photographic plate and the object that
+688v78hFAqE-00119-00029636-00029983 had been exposed to the Sun but do note
+688v78hFAqE-00120-00029983-00030232 ricotta blood mentation def a quand la
+688v78hFAqE-00121-00030233-00030499 surface insole AST couvert de substances
+688v78hFAqE-00122-00030500-00030706 facile meant alterable za la lumière
+688v78hFAqE-00123-00030707-00030933 kumla nitrate de rain on the other hand
+688v78hFAqE-00124-00030935-00031105 the increase in the effect when the
+688v78hFAqE-00125-00031106-00031285 surface exposed to the Sun is covered
+688v78hFAqE-00126-00031286-00031486 with substances that are easily altered
+688v78hFAqE-00127-00031487-00031925 by light such as uranium nitrate
+688v78hFAqE-00128-00031926-00032401 topic experiments
+688v78hFAqE-00129-00032402-00032648 describing them to the French Academy of
+688v78hFAqE-00130-00032649-00033020 Sciences on the 27th of February 1896 he
+688v78hFAqE-00131-00033021-00033320 said one wraps a Lumiere photographic
+688v78hFAqE-00132-00033321-00033504 plate with a bromide emulsion in two
+688v78hFAqE-00133-00033505-00033707 sheets of very thick black paper such
+688v78hFAqE-00134-00033708-00033867 that the plate does not become clouded
+688v78hFAqE-00135-00033868-00034087 upon being exposed to the Sun for a day
+688v78hFAqE-00136-00034088-00034358 one place is on the sheet of paper on
+688v78hFAqE-00137-00034359-00034586 the outside a slab of the phosphorescent
+688v78hFAqE-00138-00034587-00034785 substance and one exposes the hole to
+688v78hFAqE-00139-00034786-00035054 the Sun for several hours when one then
+688v78hFAqE-00140-00035055-00035243 develops the photographic plate one
+688v78hFAqE-00141-00035244-00035411 recognizes that the silhouette of the
+688v78hFAqE-00142-00035412-00035592 phosphorescent substance appears in
+688v78hFAqE-00143-00035593-00035832 black on the negative if one places
+688v78hFAqE-00144-00035833-00036048 between the phosphorescent substance and
+688v78hFAqE-00145-00036049-00036236 the paper a piece of money or a metal
+688v78hFAqE-00146-00036237-00036452 screen pierced with a cutout design one
+688v78hFAqE-00147-00036453-00036632 sees the image of these objects appear
+688v78hFAqE-00148-00036633-00036951 on the negative one must conclude from
+688v78hFAqE-00149-00036952-00037073 these experiments that the
+688v78hFAqE-00150-00037074-00037262 phosphorescent substance in question
+688v78hFAqE-00151-00037263-00037439 emits rays which pass through the opaque
+688v78hFAqE-00152-00037440-00037742 paper and reduce silver salts but
+688v78hFAqE-00153-00037743-00037943 further experiments led him to doubt and
+688v78hFAqE-00154-00037944-00038243 then abandon this hypothesis on the 2nd
+688v78hFAqE-00155-00038244-00038621 of March 1896 he reported I will insist
+688v78hFAqE-00156-00038622-00038826 particularly upon the following fact
+688v78hFAqE-00157-00038827-00039029 which seems to me quite important and
+688v78hFAqE-00158-00039030-00039182 beyond the phenomena which one could
+688v78hFAqE-00159-00039183-00039357 expect to observe the same crystal
+688v78hFAqE-00160-00039358-00039648 encrusted aciem urinal sulfate arranged
+688v78hFAqE-00161-00039649-00039815 the same way with respect to the
+688v78hFAqE-00162-00039816-00039974 photographic plates in the same
+688v78hFAqE-00163-00039975-00040151 conditions and through the same screens
+688v78hFAqE-00164-00040152-00040343 but sheltered from the excitation of
+688v78hFAqE-00165-00040344-00040574 incident rays and kept in darkness still
+688v78hFAqE-00166-00040575-00040774 produce the same photographic images
+688v78hFAqE-00167-00040775-00041004 here is how I was led to make this
+688v78hFAqE-00168-00041005-00041174 observation among the preceding
+688v78hFAqE-00169-00041175-00041373 experiments some had been prepared on
+688v78hFAqE-00170-00041374-00041657 Wednesday the 26th and Thursday the 27th
+688v78hFAqE-00171-00041658-00041846 of February and since the Sun was out
+688v78hFAqE-00172-00041847-00042060 only intermittently on these days I kept
+688v78hFAqE-00173-00042061-00042257 the apparatuses prepared and returned
+688v78hFAqE-00174-00042258-00042437 the cases to the darkness of a bureau
+688v78hFAqE-00175-00042438-00042632 drawer leaving in place the crusts of
+688v78hFAqE-00176-00042633-00042902 the uranium salt since the Sun did not
+688v78hFAqE-00177-00042903-00043061 come out in the following days I
+688v78hFAqE-00178-00043062-00043262 developed the photographic plates on the
+688v78hFAqE-00179-00043263-00043451 1st of March expecting to find the
+688v78hFAqE-00180-00043452-00043736 images very weak instead the silhouettes
+688v78hFAqE-00181-00043737-00044061 appeared with great intensity one
+688v78hFAqE-00182-00044062-00044286 hypothesis which presents itself to the
+688v78hFAqE-00183-00044287-00044448 mind naturally enough would be to
+688v78hFAqE-00184-00044449-00044630 suppose that these Rays whose effects
+688v78hFAqE-00185-00044631-00044832 have a great similarity to the effects
+688v78hFAqE-00186-00044833-00045002 produced by the Rays studied by M
+688v78hFAqE-00187-00045003-00045215 Leonard and M Rankine are invisible rays
+688v78hFAqE-00188-00045216-00045386 emitted by phosphorescence and
+688v78hFAqE-00189-00045387-00045555 persisting infinitely longer than the
+688v78hFAqE-00190-00045556-00045746 duration of the luminous rays emitted by
+688v78hFAqE-00191-00045747-00046019 these bodies however the present
+688v78hFAqE-00192-00046020-00046217 experiments without being contrary to
+688v78hFAqE-00193-00046218-00046398 this hypothesis do not warrant this
+688v78hFAqE-00194-00046399-00046670 conclusion I hope that the experiments
+688v78hFAqE-00195-00046671-00046830 which I am pursuing at the moment will
+688v78hFAqE-00196-00046831-00047021 be able to bring some clarification to
+688v78hFAqE-00197-00047022-00047429 this new class of phenomena
+688v78hFAqE-00198-00047430-00047893 topic late career
+688v78hFAqE-00199-00047894-00048195 later in his life in 1900 Becker
+688v78hFAqE-00200-00048196-00048354 measured the properties of beta
+688v78hFAqE-00201-00048355-00048548 particles and he realized that they had
+688v78hFAqE-00202-00048549-00048705 the same measurements as high speed
+688v78hFAqE-00203-00048706-00049026 electrons leaving the nucleus in 1901
+688v78hFAqE-00204-00049027-00049214 Becker made the discovery that
+688v78hFAqE-00205-00049215-00049448 radioactivity could be used for medicine
+688v78hFAqE-00206-00049449-00049715 Omri made this discovery when he left a
+688v78hFAqE-00207-00049716-00049923 piece of radium in his vest pocket and
+688v78hFAqE-00208-00049924-00050064 noticed that he had been burnt by it
+688v78hFAqE-00209-00050065-00050342 this discovery led to the development of
+688v78hFAqE-00210-00050343-00050555 radiotherapy which is now used to treat
+688v78hFAqE-00211-00050556-00050618 cancer
+688v78hFAqE-00212-00050619-00050873 Becker all did not survive much longer
+688v78hFAqE-00213-00050874-00051111 after his discovery of radioactivity and
+688v78hFAqE-00214-00051112-00051392 died on the 25th of August 1908 at the
+688v78hFAqE-00215-00051394-00051725 age of 55 in Lacroix zyk France his
+688v78hFAqE-00216-00051726-00051950 death was caused by unknown causes but
+688v78hFAqE-00217-00051951-00052149 was reported that he had developed
+688v78hFAqE-00218-00052150-00052398 serious burns on his skin likely from
+688v78hFAqE-00219-00052399-00053024 the handling of radioactive materials
+688v78hFAqE-00220-00053025-00053575 topic honors and awards
+688v78hFAqE-00221-00053576-00053881 in 1889 Becker became a member of the
+688v78hFAqE-00222-00053882-00054260 academi de Sciences in 1900 that girl
+688v78hFAqE-00223-00054261-00054454 won the Rumford medal for his discovery
+688v78hFAqE-00224-00054455-00054673 of the radioactivity of uranium and he
+688v78hFAqE-00225-00054674-00054832 was made an officer of the Legion of
+688v78hFAqE-00226-00054833-00055057 Honor the Berlin Brandenburg Academy of
+688v78hFAqE-00227-00055058-00055259 Sciences and humanities awarded him the
+688v78hFAqE-00228-00055260-00055693 Helmholtz medal in 1901 in 1903 onry
+688v78hFAqE-00229-00055694-00055885 shared a Nobel Prize in Physics with
+688v78hFAqE-00230-00055886-00056074 Pierre Curie and Marie Curie for the
+688v78hFAqE-00231-00056075-00056291 discovery of spontaneous radioactivity
+688v78hFAqE-00232-00056291-00056672 in 1905 he was awarded the Barnard medal
+688v78hFAqE-00233-00056673-00056903 by the US National Academy of Sciences
+688v78hFAqE-00234-00056904-00057217 in 1906 honoree was elected vice
+688v78hFAqE-00235-00057218-00057505 chairman of the Academy and in 1908 the
+688v78hFAqE-00236-00057506-00057688 year of his death Becker was elected
+688v78hFAqE-00237-00057689-00057896 permanent secretary of the academi de
+688v78hFAqE-00238-00057897-00058196 Sciences during his lifetime Becker was
+688v78hFAqE-00239-00058197-00058342 honored with membership into the
+688v78hFAqE-00240-00058343-00058535 accademia dei lincei and the Royal
+688v78hFAqE-00241-00058536-00058831 Academy of Berlin Becker was elected a
+688v78hFAqE-00242-00058832-00059032 foreign member of the Royal Society for
+688v78hFAqE-00243-00059033-00059372 mums in 1908 Becker L has been honoured
+688v78hFAqE-00244-00059373-00059512 with being the namesake of many
+688v78hFAqE-00245-00059513-00059818 different scientific discoveries the SI
+688v78hFAqE-00246-00059819-00060128 unit for radioactivity the Becker lvq is
+688v78hFAqE-00247-00060129-00060388 named after him there is a crater named
+688v78hFAqE-00248-00060389-00060574 Becker on the moon and also a crater
+688v78hFAqE-00249-00060575-00060880 named Becker Elan Mars the uranium based
+688v78hFAqE-00250-00060881-00061042 mineral Becker Light was named after
+688v78hFAqE-00251-00061043-00061403 honoree
+688v78hFAqE-00252-00061404-00061930 topic see also
+688v78hFAqE-00253-00061932-00062248 antwuan says our barrel his grandfather
+688v78hFAqE-00254-00062249-00062645 AE Becker all his father Jeanne Beker
+688v78hFAqE-00255-00062646-00063067 all his son Becker light mineral Becker
+688v78hFAqE-00256-00063069-00063485 l SI unit
+688v78hFAqE-00257-00063486-00064045 topic references
+688v78hFAqE-00258-00064046-00064587 topic external links
+688v78hFAqE-00259-00064588-00064929 unruhe becker alt biography that girl
+688v78hFAqE-00260-00064929-00065148 short biography and the use of his name
+688v78hFAqE-00261-00065149-00065487 as a unit of measure in the SI annotated
+688v78hFAqE-00262-00065488-00065700 bibliography for Unruh becker from the
+688v78hFAqE-00263-00065701-00066033 also stijl library for nuclear issues on
+688v78hFAqE-00264-00066034-00066270 rebecca l SI derived unit of
+688v78hFAqE-00265-00066271-00066666 radioactivity on rebecca l the discovery
+688v78hFAqE-00266-00066667-00067071 of radioactivity Becker's 1896 articles
+688v78hFAqE-00267-00067072-00067293 online and analyzed on bignum click a
+688v78hFAqE-00268-00067294-00067514 tale a charger for English version
+688v78hFAqE-00269-00067515-00067719 Chisholm Hugh ed
+688v78hFAqE-00270-00067720-00068214 1911 Batgirl encyclopedia britannica 311
+688v78hFAqE-00271-00068215-00068607 dad Cambridge University Press
+68rsxBd7aPu-00000-00000008-00000238 i'm gonna eat the blueberries first
+68rsxBd7aPu-00001-00000239-00000471 making sure i'm outside where the sun is
+68rsxBd7aPu-00002-00000472-00000630 yeah you gotta make sure you get some
+68rsxBd7aPu-00003-00000631-00001887 sun guys when it's out be outside
+68rsxBd7aPu-00004-00001888-00002110 all right so here is my daily uh every
+68rsxBd7aPu-00005-00002111-00002295 day this is my breakfast this is after
+68rsxBd7aPu-00006-00002296-00002439 my workout workout first thing in the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00007-00002440-00002567 morning had a little snack because i was
+68rsxBd7aPu-00008-00002568-00002767 doing resistance any kind of weights
+68rsxBd7aPu-00009-00002768-00002887 involved they make sure i have a little
+68rsxBd7aPu-00010-00002888-00003175 snack before fix cardio i'll do fasted
+68rsxBd7aPu-00011-00003176-00003422 um so biggest meal of the day i'm gonna
+68rsxBd7aPu-00012-00003423-00003806 have a carb a fruit a vegetable a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00013-00003807-00004006 healthy fat and a protein
+68rsxBd7aPu-00014-00004007-00004175 all right so first things first i'm
+68rsxBd7aPu-00015-00004176-00004351 gonna make sure i'm gonna poach my eggs
+68rsxBd7aPu-00016-00004352-00004511 yeah it's very easy to make it in a pan
+68rsxBd7aPu-00017-00004512-00004654 throw some spinach in there
+68rsxBd7aPu-00018-00004655-00004863 go it over throw the um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00019-00004864-00005086 throw the healthy fat in there but it'll
+68rsxBd7aPu-00020-00005087-00005327 get rid of the cap not calcium the good
+68rsxBd7aPu-00021-00005328-00005511 cholesterol benefit so i just get two
+68rsxBd7aPu-00022-00005512-00005743 brown eggs cage free organic if you can
+68rsxBd7aPu-00023-00005744-00005870 they're just super expensive for me
+68rsxBd7aPu-00024-00005871-00006199 right now um so cracker to do dad i'm
+68rsxBd7aPu-00025-00006200-00006391 actually gonna crack it into
+68rsxBd7aPu-00026-00006392-00006534 a cup
+68rsxBd7aPu-00027-00006536-00006695 if you have like a little tiny saucer
+68rsxBd7aPu-00028-00006695-00006846 that's even better
+68rsxBd7aPu-00029-00006847-00007206 i have my um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00030-00007208-00007495 i have water simmering over here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00031-00007495-00007614 in this pot
+68rsxBd7aPu-00032-00007615-00007806 and it's simmering it's not boiling make
+68rsxBd7aPu-00033-00007808-00007951 sure it's not boiling
+68rsxBd7aPu-00034-00007952-00008151 so really low heat
+68rsxBd7aPu-00035-00008152-00008287 a little bit of vinegar in there a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00036-00008288-00008510 little bit of oil and i'm just gonna go
+68rsxBd7aPu-00037-00008511-00008839 ahead i'm going to drop these guys in
+68rsxBd7aPu-00038-00008840-00008967 so those are going to take about five
+68rsxBd7aPu-00039-00008968-00009278 minutes to cook uh two poached eggs i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00040-00009279-00009551 also have this ezekiel ezekiel muffins
+68rsxBd7aPu-00041-00009552-00009783 um you can do you can also do oatmeal
+68rsxBd7aPu-00042-00009784-00009919 i'm gonna say that for later in the day
+68rsxBd7aPu-00043-00009920-00010199 okay okay so ezekiel english muffins
+68rsxBd7aPu-00044-00010200-00010463 just one half of a muffin it's over in
+68rsxBd7aPu-00045-00010464-00010846 the toaster i'm gonna put that down
+68rsxBd7aPu-00046-00010847-00011031 by the way mom i live with my mom still
+68rsxBd7aPu-00047-00011032-00011214 and she's right here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00048-00011215-00011399 yelling at me because she needs a tea
+68rsxBd7aPu-00049-00011400-00012063 bag and it's right here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00050-00012064-00012199 here's your tea bag
+68rsxBd7aPu-00051-00012200-00012655 come over here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00052-00012656-00012863 all right so um other than that i'm
+68rsxBd7aPu-00053-00012863-00013166 gonna have a full soothing uh soothing
+68rsxBd7aPu-00054-00013168-00013366 there she is hey you're in the shop ma
+68rsxBd7aPu-00055-00013368-00013607 say hi
+68rsxBd7aPu-00056-00013608-00013743 all right so i'm gonna have a full
+68rsxBd7aPu-00057-00013744-00014015 serving of um fruits i'm also gonna have
+68rsxBd7aPu-00058-00014016-00014279 a full serving of spinach
+68rsxBd7aPu-00059-00014280-00014479 because i'm iron deficient so spinach
+68rsxBd7aPu-00060-00014480-00014630 kale and that kind of stuff and make
+68rsxBd7aPu-00061-00014631-00014783 sure i get it in there
+68rsxBd7aPu-00062-00014784-00015015 now you're like loving the shot um and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00063-00015016-00015222 just to let you know i live with my mom
+68rsxBd7aPu-00064-00015223-00015407 and my two sisters and i have two kids
+68rsxBd7aPu-00065-00015408-00015566 in the house and look there's ritz
+68rsxBd7aPu-00066-00015568-00015838 crackers right here they have cornbread
+68rsxBd7aPu-00067-00015840-00016094 right here they got these things sour
+68rsxBd7aPu-00068-00016095-00016263 things so i have all this temptation
+68rsxBd7aPu-00069-00016263-00016399 right in front of me and i just kind of
+68rsxBd7aPu-00070-00016400-00016679 like grown uh to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00071-00016680-00017055 like just get oh well like even veggies
+68rsxBd7aPu-00072-00017056-00017311 they went to costco
+68rsxBd7aPu-00073-00017312-00017647 ginormous bag of veggie straws
+68rsxBd7aPu-00074-00017648-00017919 i can't be doing all that um but anyway
+68rsxBd7aPu-00075-00017920-00018086 so i'm facing all this temptation right
+68rsxBd7aPu-00076-00018087-00018271 here but i'm making sure that i'm eating
+68rsxBd7aPu-00077-00018272-00018439 what i need to eat oh and my healthy fat
+68rsxBd7aPu-00078-00018440-00018599 is going to be coconut oil
+68rsxBd7aPu-00079-00018600-00018863 this is my favorite brand um currington
+68rsxBd7aPu-00080-00018864-00019150 farms
+68rsxBd7aPu-00081-00019151-00019303 what happens i tried to get something
+68rsxBd7aPu-00082-00019304-00019486 done rick's just trying to hide behind
+68rsxBd7aPu-00083-00019487-00019591 me
+68rsxBd7aPu-00084-00019592-00019783 she needed a banana which is also over
+68rsxBd7aPu-00085-00019784-00020055 here this little corner
+68rsxBd7aPu-00086-00020056-00020286 all right so uh so there we go let's
+68rsxBd7aPu-00087-00020287-00020519 just go over it again i'm gonna have a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00088-00020520-00020679 bed i'll actually do it for you right
+68rsxBd7aPu-00089-00020680-00020758 now
+68rsxBd7aPu-00090-00020759-00020903 i grabbed a bowl
+68rsxBd7aPu-00091-00020904-00021063 i have a bowl i got it i have a nice
+68rsxBd7aPu-00092-00021064-00021350 huge ginormous serving of spinach
+68rsxBd7aPu-00093-00021351-00021430 um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00094-00021431-00021599 vegetables is kind of like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00095-00021600-00021783 when you have a nice clean
+68rsxBd7aPu-00096-00021784-00021983 leafy dark green vegetable yeah you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00097-00021984-00022127 could do like a serving you can measure
+68rsxBd7aPu-00098-00022128-00022350 it out and everything but for me
+68rsxBd7aPu-00099-00022351-00022455 um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00100-00022456-00022647 i do have a higher muscle mass than the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00101-00022648-00022814 average person so i need to i need a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00102-00022815-00023022 little bit more food so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00103-00023023-00023207 the vegetables is definitely where i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00104-00023208-00023303 don't
+68rsxBd7aPu-00105-00023304-00023494 you know that's okay add a little bit
+68rsxBd7aPu-00106-00023495-00023814 more um stuff like broccoli though and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00107-00023815-00023983 stuff that is very like a bullet has a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00108-00023984-00024255 bloaty effect on you uh i wouldn't have
+68rsxBd7aPu-00109-00024256-00024422 extra amounts of those but like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00110-00024423-00024678 something like a dark leafy green
+68rsxBd7aPu-00111-00024679-00024886 uh fantabulo so okay so we have the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00112-00024887-00025127 spinach i have it in a bowl right here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00113-00025128-00025303 and really interesting i'm actually
+68rsxBd7aPu-00114-00025304-00025639 going to be taking the ezekiel muffin
+68rsxBd7aPu-00115-00025639-00025846 um and i eat this because it's a nice
+68rsxBd7aPu-00116-00025847-00026118 clean carb it's super super clean it's
+68rsxBd7aPu-00117-00026119-00026295 easy just got to make sure i'm not
+68rsxBd7aPu-00118-00026295-00026543 letting my my poached eggs overcook here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00119-00026544-00026727 because i want them to be runny uh
+68rsxBd7aPu-00120-00026727-00026862 you'll see what i do with it it's kind
+68rsxBd7aPu-00121-00026863-00026951 of fun
+68rsxBd7aPu-00122-00026952-00027095 uh all right so i'm actually going to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00123-00027095-00027287 turn the heat off over here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00124-00027288-00027735 my muffin just popped
+68rsxBd7aPu-00125-00027736-00027958 so really interesting the way that the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00126-00027960-00028135 timing works out so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00127-00028136-00028287 i'm gonna take
+68rsxBd7aPu-00128-00028288-00028439 butter knife
+68rsxBd7aPu-00129-00028439-00028679 and in my coconut oil jar i actually
+68rsxBd7aPu-00130-00028680-00028846 keep
+68rsxBd7aPu-00131-00028847-00029055 the a serving of coconut oil is actually
+68rsxBd7aPu-00132-00029056-00029262 a teaspoon for me so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00133-00029263-00029502 i'm gonna get that teaspoon
+68rsxBd7aPu-00134-00029504-00029662 and it's so tempting with healthy fats
+68rsxBd7aPu-00135-00029663-00029862 like almond butter and stuff like that
+68rsxBd7aPu-00136-00029863-00030167 to me like it'll make it a huge mound
+68rsxBd7aPu-00137-00030168-00030367 um but i just i just make sure it's only
+68rsxBd7aPu-00138-00030368-00030495 to only have that teaspoon because
+68rsxBd7aPu-00139-00030495-00030687 there's a reason for serving sizes you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00140-00030688-00030783 know
+68rsxBd7aPu-00141-00030783-00030974 the teaspoon will keep in there keep my
+68rsxBd7aPu-00142-00030975-00031214 life simple i'm just going to spread i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00143-00031216-00031374 spread this so it's like a good like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00144-00031375-00031535 butter substitute it's a healthy fat you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00145-00031536-00031687 know coconut oil's got one of the best
+68rsxBd7aPu-00146-00031688-00031862 healthy fats you can have along with
+68rsxBd7aPu-00147-00031863-00031983 almond butter
+68rsxBd7aPu-00148-00031983-00032190 um so if you like say for instance you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00149-00032191-00032327 wanted just to eggs on the spinach and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00150-00032327-00032470 you wanted this with almond butter go
+68rsxBd7aPu-00151-00032472-00032599 for it you know so what i'm going to do
+68rsxBd7aPu-00152-00032600-00032735 is i'm actually going to break this up i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00153-00032736-00032943 just spread the coconut oil on top i'll
+68rsxBd7aPu-00154-00032944-00033095 break it up and i'll just put it because
+68rsxBd7aPu-00155-00033096-00033215 it's just easier for me to eat with a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00156-00033216-00033383 fork i don't have to like bring a knife
+68rsxBd7aPu-00157-00033384-00033590 to the party and cut it all up
+68rsxBd7aPu-00158-00033591-00033959 um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00159-00033960-00034231 you know do a little dance do
+68rsxBd7aPu-00160-00034232-00034383 all kind of stuff all right so now here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00161-00034384-00034943 comes third part that's cool
+68rsxBd7aPu-00162-00034944-00035095 all right cool beans
+68rsxBd7aPu-00163-00035096-00035446 so i'm going to grab
+68rsxBd7aPu-00164-00035447-00035671 this guy you want something with holes
+68rsxBd7aPu-00165-00035672-00035807 in it
+68rsxBd7aPu-00166-00035808-00036023 when you get the poached eggs out
+68rsxBd7aPu-00167-00036024-00036271 so the heat is off
+68rsxBd7aPu-00168-00036272-00037527 and i'm just going to go ahead
+68rsxBd7aPu-00169-00037528-00037735 i don't want the water in my salad thing
+68rsxBd7aPu-00170-00037736-00038918 going on here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00171-00038919-00039207 all right cool so i have all of my
+68rsxBd7aPu-00172-00039208-00039399 all of my food right here i'll probably
+68rsxBd7aPu-00173-00039400-00039679 just eat this so like half of a packet
+68rsxBd7aPu-00174-00039680-00039927 half of a blueberry packet um these were
+68rsxBd7aPu-00175-00039928-00040143 on sale by the way i buy whatever's on
+68rsxBd7aPu-00176-00040144-00040279 sale y'all
+68rsxBd7aPu-00177-00040280-00040471 and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00178-00040472-00040639 it's about that so that'll be my fruit
+68rsxBd7aPu-00179-00040640-00040911 serving and then i also have pink salt
+68rsxBd7aPu-00180-00040912-00041030 now
+68rsxBd7aPu-00181-00041031-00041207 i think salt's really awesome and i'll
+68rsxBd7aPu-00182-00041208-00041446 use it all day long i'll use about i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00183-00041447-00041687 guess i guess about a full teaspoon a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00184-00041688-00041862 day or half of a teaspoon four to half
+68rsxBd7aPu-00185-00041863-00042062 of a teaspoon per day um so i'll just
+68rsxBd7aPu-00186-00042063-00042374 sprinkle this on here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00187-00042375-00042583 and you could use pepper you can use any
+68rsxBd7aPu-00188-00042584-00043183 kind of other things but let's have one
+68rsxBd7aPu-00189-00043184-00043351 i'm just going to scoop that back onto
+68rsxBd7aPu-00190-00043352-00043639 my plate thing yep look how beautiful
+68rsxBd7aPu-00191-00043640-00043815 let me not do that again
+68rsxBd7aPu-00192-00043816-00043974 the egg fell off
+68rsxBd7aPu-00193-00043975-00044343 onto the counter
+68rsxBd7aPu-00194-00044344-00044471 you know you got to have fun with life
+68rsxBd7aPu-00195-00044472-00044567 you know that's why you got to make sure
+68rsxBd7aPu-00196-00044568-00044799 your surfaces are clean so when mistakes
+68rsxBd7aPu-00197-00044800-00044983 happen you're just good to go all right
+68rsxBd7aPu-00198-00044984-00045127 so just a quick review i'm gonna have
+68rsxBd7aPu-00199-00045128-00045302 the blueberries i have my serving of
+68rsxBd7aPu-00200-00045303-00045583 vegetables i have a carb i have protein
+68rsxBd7aPu-00201-00045584-00045855 uh two eggs two full eggs of protein and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00202-00045856-00046079 then i think it's actually eight egg
+68rsxBd7aPu-00203-00046080-00046271 whites is a full serving of protein so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00204-00046272-00046390 be careful if you're just having egg
+68rsxBd7aPu-00205-00046391-00046662 whites a lot all right y'all next up
+68rsxBd7aPu-00206-00046663-00047007 later is going to be
+68rsxBd7aPu-00207-00047008-00047183 there's a little one
+68rsxBd7aPu-00208-00047184-00047630 say hi eli
+68rsxBd7aPu-00209-00047631-00047774 all right everybody so it's a little bit
+68rsxBd7aPu-00210-00047775-00047999 earlier than i would usually have um my
+68rsxBd7aPu-00211-00048000-00048262 second knee on my shakeology snack um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00212-00048263-00048455 but i'm gonna do it because i just
+68rsxBd7aPu-00213-00048456-00048686 actually recorded a seven minute workout
+68rsxBd7aPu-00214-00048687-00048879 video for everybody and i was outside i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00215-00048880-00049039 was sweating and i just really wanna
+68rsxBd7aPu-00216-00049040-00049239 make sure i get something in my body um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00217-00049240-00049399 so i'm just gonna bump one of my meals
+68rsxBd7aPu-00218-00049400-00049711 up and so this is going to be i'm gonna
+68rsxBd7aPu-00219-00049712-00049846 start with eight
+68rsxBd7aPu-00220-00049847-00050071 to ten ounces of water i'm gonna do ten
+68rsxBd7aPu-00221-00050072-00050183 just because i want a little bit more
+68rsxBd7aPu-00222-00050184-00050446 fluid um going on i have my vegan
+68rsxBd7aPu-00223-00050447-00050671 chocolate shaco i think i'm actually
+68rsxBd7aPu-00224-00050672-00050807 going to change from the vegan now
+68rsxBd7aPu-00225-00050808-00050974 because my
+68rsxBd7aPu-00226-00050975-00051335 vegetarian precision is not holding true
+68rsxBd7aPu-00227-00051336-00051599 um i'm eating beef like no problem
+68rsxBd7aPu-00228-00051600-00051838 and i also have almond butter freshly
+68rsxBd7aPu-00229-00051839-00052046 ground almond butter now why i really
+68rsxBd7aPu-00230-00052047-00052182 like to get the freshly ground stuff
+68rsxBd7aPu-00231-00052183-00052375 because i know exactly what's going into
+68rsxBd7aPu-00232-00052376-00052526 it i know that there's no sugars at it i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00233-00052527-00052735 know there's no extra salt added so i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00234-00052736-00052879 really like to go to the store and get
+68rsxBd7aPu-00235-00052879-00053126 the raw almonds try to stay away from
+68rsxBd7aPu-00236-00053127-00053287 the roasted ones the roasted makes it
+68rsxBd7aPu-00237-00053288-00053519 easier for the grinding process and that
+68rsxBd7aPu-00238-00053520-00053703 kind of stuff but anytime you heat
+68rsxBd7aPu-00239-00053704-00053942 something up it kind of destroys um it's
+68rsxBd7aPu-00240-00053944-00054103 the natural properties in the food and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00241-00054104-00054247 you want to maintain as many of the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00242-00054248-00054430 natural nutrients as possible because
+68rsxBd7aPu-00243-00054432-00054654 food is fuel not just for flavor you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00244-00054655-00054838 know what i'm saying this this i love
+68rsxBd7aPu-00245-00054839-00054999 this meal is my favorite meal of the day
+68rsxBd7aPu-00246-00055000-00055207 i get my chocolate fix
+68rsxBd7aPu-00247-00055208-00055319 um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00248-00055320-00055487 and i'm feeling a little i don't do this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00249-00055488-00055687 every day i don't add it every day but
+68rsxBd7aPu-00250-00055688-00055815 i'm feeling a little like lower on
+68rsxBd7aPu-00251-00055816-00056030 energy today i've just been really busy
+68rsxBd7aPu-00252-00056032-00056199 a lot of things going on and i need to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00253-00056200-00056375 go and work now i need to go and like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00254-00056376-00056542 create meal plans for people i need to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00255-00056544-00056766 go and create not meal plans but i need
+68rsxBd7aPu-00256-00056767-00056975 to go like lay out some um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00257-00056976-00057166 on demand workouts for people and so i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00258-00057167-00057326 need to be really really laser focused
+68rsxBd7aPu-00259-00057327-00057559 so i'm also going to add um the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00260-00057560-00057711 shakeology
+68rsxBd7aPu-00261-00057712-00057942 focused energy boost so there's already
+68rsxBd7aPu-00262-00057944-00058166 a lot of energy inside of this this guy
+68rsxBd7aPu-00263-00058167-00058279 itself
+68rsxBd7aPu-00264-00058279-00058463 um but i just want a little bit more and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00265-00058464-00058671 then i'm also gonna have a little mixing
+68rsxBd7aPu-00266-00058672-00058854 little serving of fruit on the side i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00267-00058855-00059071 did have a fruit i had half of a banana
+68rsxBd7aPu-00268-00059072-00059230 which is a serving by the way whole
+68rsxBd7aPu-00269-00059232-00059607 banana is two servings of fruit y'all so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00270-00059608-00059782 i did already have half a banana this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00271-00059783-00059999 morning um but i'm just gonna keep the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00272-00060000-00060135 smaller fruits i usually only get two
+68rsxBd7aPu-00273-00060136-00060279 fruits a day but because i did a lot of
+68rsxBd7aPu-00274-00060279-00060511 uh training today i did resistance type
+68rsxBd7aPu-00275-00060512-00060638 training i'm gonna make i'm gonna have a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00276-00060639-00060807 little bit extra and then i don't feel
+68rsxBd7aPu-00277-00060808-00060966 really about it
+68rsxBd7aPu-00278-00060967-00061223 it's okay so i have my water
+68rsxBd7aPu-00279-00061224-00061350 and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00280-00061351-00061682 i'm gonna take a scoop
+68rsxBd7aPu-00281-00061683-00061959 dab close that up and put that over
+68rsxBd7aPu-00282-00061960-00062071 there
+68rsxBd7aPu-00283-00062072-00062423 take this guy
+68rsxBd7aPu-00284-00062424-00063015 i don't know if you need to watch me
+68rsxBd7aPu-00285-00063016-00063471 but i like to talk to you guys on here
+68rsxBd7aPu-00286-00063472-00063735 and all these treats are still here from
+68rsxBd7aPu-00287-00063736-00064023 this morning
+68rsxBd7aPu-00288-00064024-00064263 and once again okay this is really easy
+68rsxBd7aPu-00289-00064264-00064342 uh
+68rsxBd7aPu-00290-00064344-00064503 everyone loves almond butter and peanut
+68rsxBd7aPu-00291-00064504-00064719 butter and actually i really highly
+68rsxBd7aPu-00292-00064720-00064847 recommend you know if you're on the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00293-00064848-00065047 peanut butter kick i know almond butter
+68rsxBd7aPu-00294-00065048-00065254 is a little bit more expensive
+68rsxBd7aPu-00295-00065255-00065487 um but you should only be having a small
+68rsxBd7aPu-00296-00065488-00065638 amount anyway just like the ezekiel
+68rsxBd7aPu-00297-00065639-00065847 bread like it's very easy to want to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00298-00065848-00065926 like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00299-00065927-00066055 i'm going to make pretty much two of
+68rsxBd7aPu-00300-00066056-00066215 these so i'm making it go all the way
+68rsxBd7aPu-00301-00066216-00066391 around um but you really want to make
+68rsxBd7aPu-00302-00066392-00066535 sure you stick to your servings there's
+68rsxBd7aPu-00303-00066536-00066806 a reason why the serving sizes are what
+68rsxBd7aPu-00304-00066807-00067094 they are
+68rsxBd7aPu-00305-00067095-00068247 like the coconut oil
+68rsxBd7aPu-00306-00068248-00068415 so there it is
+68rsxBd7aPu-00307-00068416-00068615 if um if i know that later in the day
+68rsxBd7aPu-00308-00068616-00068743 it's gonna be hard for me to get a green
+68rsxBd7aPu-00309-00068744-00068887 in like if i'm going to a dinner or
+68rsxBd7aPu-00310-00068888-00069015 something i'm not sure if it's going to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00311-00069016-00069215 be vegetables because other people don't
+68rsxBd7aPu-00312-00069216-00069471 like to really eat healthy um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00313-00069472-00069694 i'll put extra greens in here just one
+68rsxBd7aPu-00314-00069695-00069943 of my servings by uh like i'll actually
+68rsxBd7aPu-00315-00069944-00070215 show you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00316-00070216-00070447 you can go to like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00317-00070448-00070782 right next to the corn dogs for me
+68rsxBd7aPu-00318-00070783-00070975 if i can do this y'all y'all can do this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00319-00070976-00071119 so this is just like power greens from
+68rsxBd7aPu-00320-00071120-00071391 costco big old bag um i won't eat this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00321-00071392-00071559 in a salad but i'll i'll throw like a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00322-00071560-00071831 handful in as a serving as a vegetable
+68rsxBd7aPu-00323-00071832-00072006 if i don't feel like sitting and eating
+68rsxBd7aPu-00324-00072007-00072135 green beans
+68rsxBd7aPu-00325-00072136-00073038 extra um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00326-00073039-00073143 um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00327-00073144-00073271 so a lot of people
+68rsxBd7aPu-00328-00073272-00073511 you know shakeology isn't a protein
+68rsxBd7aPu-00329-00073512-00073719 shake shakeology is actually a wellness
+68rsxBd7aPu-00330-00073720-00073943 shake but it has a it has the proper
+68rsxBd7aPu-00331-00073944-00074071 amount of protein where it's a full
+68rsxBd7aPu-00332-00074072-00074247 serving of protein there's also full
+68rsxBd7aPu-00333-00074248-00074415 fruits uh full servings of fruits and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00334-00074416-00074575 vegetables in there
+68rsxBd7aPu-00335-00074576-00074750 but the cool thing is is that when you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00336-00074751-00074967 have really really dense nutrition
+68rsxBd7aPu-00337-00074968-00075262 um in in something like shakeology
+68rsxBd7aPu-00338-00075263-00075519 guess what this right here because it's
+68rsxBd7aPu-00339-00075520-00075679 grown in america and i know it's not
+68rsxBd7aPu-00340-00075680-00075894 coming from anywhere else in the world
+68rsxBd7aPu-00341-00075895-00076079 this only has 25 of the nutritional
+68rsxBd7aPu-00342-00076080-00076255 value that it did 25 years ago so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00343-00076256-00076455 shakeology helps me make up for what i'm
+68rsxBd7aPu-00344-00076456-00076559 losing
+68rsxBd7aPu-00345-00076560-00076703 what i should be getting and what i'm
+68rsxBd7aPu-00346-00076704-00076879 losing in fruit that's grown in america
+68rsxBd7aPu-00347-00076880-00077031 that i'm buying fruit and vegetables and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00348-00077032-00077206 all that kind of stuff um because this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00349-00077207-00077326 stuff is from all around the world
+68rsxBd7aPu-00350-00077327-00077615 shakeology love it absolutely love it if
+68rsxBd7aPu-00351-00077616-00077799 you're gonna since april 2013 every
+68rsxBd7aPu-00352-00077800-00077991 single day and uh
+68rsxBd7aPu-00353-00077992-00078206 i wouldn't miss it my favorite one oh
+68rsxBd7aPu-00354-00078207-00078287 and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00355-00078288-00078591 so if you have i don't care you know i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00356-00078592-00078750 would recommend shakeology to everybody
+68rsxBd7aPu-00357-00078751-00078935 and if you want a discount let me know
+68rsxBd7aPu-00358-00078936-00079167 but uh any kind of shake you have this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00359-00079168-00079535 guy this ninja bullet what
+68rsxBd7aPu-00360-00079536-00079726 ninja is the best bullet i've ever
+68rsxBd7aPu-00361-00079727-00079894 the best bullet
+68rsxBd7aPu-00362-00079895-00080111 the ninja is the best um blender i've
+68rsxBd7aPu-00363-00080112-00080391 ever had and it actually comes with
+68rsxBd7aPu-00364-00080392-00080559 if you're like an on the go
+68rsxBd7aPu-00365-00080560-00080919 it comes with this little like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00366-00080920-00081182 a little uh to go
+68rsxBd7aPu-00367-00081183-00081431 beautiful um top then you just just
+68rsxBd7aPu-00368-00081432-00081606 replace the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00369-00081607-00081743 blender with it but i'm staying home
+68rsxBd7aPu-00370-00081744-00081838 today
+68rsxBd7aPu-00371-00081839-00081999 when i have this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00372-00082000-00083550 just shake it up
+68rsxBd7aPu-00373-00083551-00084255 thank you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00374-00084256-00084406 so i like mine really thick like ice
+68rsxBd7aPu-00375-00084407-00084615 cream so i make sure to put at least two
+68rsxBd7aPu-00376-00084616-00084823 ice cubes if you put three it depends on
+68rsxBd7aPu-00377-00084824-00084967 how much water have but you got to make
+68rsxBd7aPu-00378-00084968-00085143 sure it's like the right consistency you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00379-00085144-00085303 got to find it so it's delicious you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00380-00085304-00085526 should enjoy it um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00381-00085527-00085831 yeah you should definitely enjoy it
+68rsxBd7aPu-00382-00085832-00086031 to be healthy
+68rsxBd7aPu-00383-00086032-00086271 the other awesome part about chicago all
+68rsxBd7aPu-00384-00086272-00086511 right y'alls cheers and i'll see you at
+68rsxBd7aPu-00385-00086512-00086791 my snack which is super small
+68rsxBd7aPu-00386-00086792-00086999 hey everybody so i just i'm not eating
+68rsxBd7aPu-00387-00087000-00087191 right now but i wanted to sneak in this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00388-00087192-00087375 little video and i wanted to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00389-00087376-00087647 let you know about me drinking water so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00390-00087648-00087879 i drink one of these between all of my
+68rsxBd7aPu-00391-00087880-00088062 meals so i have a lot of water during
+68rsxBd7aPu-00392-00088063-00088287 the day and water is so important for
+68rsxBd7aPu-00393-00088288-00088438 your cell hydration like you got when
+68rsxBd7aPu-00394-00088439-00088559 you when you're really trying to get
+68rsxBd7aPu-00395-00088560-00088671 healthy when you're really trying to get
+68rsxBd7aPu-00396-00088672-00088791 fit when you're trying anything with
+68rsxBd7aPu-00397-00088792-00088926 your body you got to think all the way
+68rsxBd7aPu-00398-00088927-00089175 down to the cell level and figure out
+68rsxBd7aPu-00399-00089176-00089423 the way the body works so um hydration
+68rsxBd7aPu-00400-00089424-00089682 is super important y'all
+68rsxBd7aPu-00401-00089683-00089935 and i'm from jersey and i say y'all
+68rsxBd7aPu-00402-00089936-00090079 because it's delicious it's
+68rsxBd7aPu-00403-00090080-00090438 grammatically correct i think anyway
+68rsxBd7aPu-00404-00090439-00090606 um but
+68rsxBd7aPu-00405-00090607-00090735 making sure you get enough water is
+68rsxBd7aPu-00406-00090736-00090903 super important i'm drinking water
+68rsxBd7aPu-00407-00090904-00091191 constantly but a really cool key thing
+68rsxBd7aPu-00408-00091192-00091318 about water
+68rsxBd7aPu-00409-00091319-00091471 is
+68rsxBd7aPu-00410-00091472-00091662 that you don't want to drink water 30
+68rsxBd7aPu-00411-00091663-00091903 minutes after your meals so it's been
+68rsxBd7aPu-00412-00091904-00092079 about an hour and a half since i last
+68rsxBd7aPu-00413-00092080-00092159 ate
+68rsxBd7aPu-00414-00092160-00092462 and um i didn't drink any water within
+68rsxBd7aPu-00415-00092463-00092662 30 minutes especially after shakeology
+68rsxBd7aPu-00416-00092663-00092799 like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00417-00092800-00092918 because what happens is like your
+68rsxBd7aPu-00418-00092919-00093103 intestines have like these little
+68rsxBd7aPu-00419-00093104-00093206 fingers
+68rsxBd7aPu-00420-00093207-00093326 your intestines are lined with your
+68rsxBd7aPu-00421-00093327-00093518 little fingers and 90 of your nutrition
+68rsxBd7aPu-00422-00093519-00093671 is absorbed by a small intestine which
+68rsxBd7aPu-00423-00093672-00093903 happens before the large intestine
+68rsxBd7aPu-00424-00093904-00094094 it's like stomach small intestine large
+68rsxBd7aPu-00425-00094095-00094399 intestine um so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00426-00094400-00094535 you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00427-00094536-00094703 when you if you drink and you chug a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00428-00094704-00094871 bunch of water after you just had this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00429-00094872-00095006 nutritious meal what it's going to do is
+68rsxBd7aPu-00430-00095007-00095174 it's going to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00431-00095175-00095423 wash it through all the little fingers
+68rsxBd7aPu-00432-00095424-00095559 and it's never going to get absorbed
+68rsxBd7aPu-00433-00095560-00095703 because what happens is the food comes
+68rsxBd7aPu-00434-00095704-00095782 in
+68rsxBd7aPu-00435-00095783-00095967 and it gets the fingers like kind of
+68rsxBd7aPu-00436-00095968-00096150 like grab the food particles and that's
+68rsxBd7aPu-00437-00096151-00096367 why it's important to chew your food too
+68rsxBd7aPu-00438-00096368-00096455 because
+68rsxBd7aPu-00439-00096456-00096582 it makes it easier for those little
+68rsxBd7aPu-00440-00096583-00096799 fingers to grab a hold and for those
+68rsxBd7aPu-00441-00096800-00097023 those things get down nice and deep and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00442-00097024-00097271 the lining of your in intestines is
+68rsxBd7aPu-00443-00097272-00097494 really where your
+68rsxBd7aPu-00444-00097495-00097711 your food is absorbed so super important
+68rsxBd7aPu-00445-00097712-00097887 don't drink a lot of water during or
+68rsxBd7aPu-00446-00097888-00098062 after you mix at least 30 minutes after
+68rsxBd7aPu-00447-00098063-00098303 your meals so it allows those fingers
+68rsxBd7aPu-00448-00098304-00098518 time to grab a hold of the food and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00449-00098519-00098806 absorb the nutritious nutrition because
+68rsxBd7aPu-00450-00098807-00099062 you're eating very nutritious yes
+68rsxBd7aPu-00451-00099063-00099231 you're the nutrition from all your food
+68rsxBd7aPu-00452-00099232-00099415 all right guys so i just wanted to make
+68rsxBd7aPu-00453-00099416-00099574 sure to have that note but then other
+68rsxBd7aPu-00454-00099575-00099750 than that having water is super
+68rsxBd7aPu-00455-00099751-00100015 important to keep your body flowing to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00456-00100016-00100287 keep the cells pumping in and out and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00457-00100288-00100487 and keep refueling because your body
+68rsxBd7aPu-00458-00100488-00100662 does use water anytime you sweat
+68rsxBd7aPu-00459-00100663-00100782 especially just make sure you're
+68rsxBd7aPu-00460-00100783-00101023 drinking lots of water all right guys
+68rsxBd7aPu-00461-00101024-00101238 everybody so it's time for a snack again
+68rsxBd7aPu-00462-00101239-00101447 it's been about two and a half hours
+68rsxBd7aPu-00463-00101448-00101615 since i last ate
+68rsxBd7aPu-00464-00101616-00101767 and this one is the hardest meal of the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00465-00101768-00101918 day to prepare
+68rsxBd7aPu-00466-00101919-00102182 so pay attention
+68rsxBd7aPu-00467-00102183-00102463 it's 12 almonds
+68rsxBd7aPu-00468-00102464-00102727 so i have a whole 12 um 12 ounces is
+68rsxBd7aPu-00469-00102728-00102934 about a serving uh if it's a nice
+68rsxBd7aPu-00470-00102935-00103166 healthy fat healthy fats are amazing way
+68rsxBd7aPu-00471-00103167-00103423 to get
+68rsxBd7aPu-00472-00103424-00103663 to get it's a lot of calories but there
+68rsxBd7aPu-00473-00103664-00103894 are amazing source of energy if you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00474-00103895-00104030 train your body
+68rsxBd7aPu-00475-00104031-00104199 on how to utilize them and if you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00476-00104200-00104334 incorporate them and make sure that your
+68rsxBd7aPu-00477-00104335-00104486 fats that you are incorporating are
+68rsxBd7aPu-00478-00104488-00104742 super healthy and beneficial all right
+68rsxBd7aPu-00479-00104743-00105039 so that's it i'll see you at lunch all
+68rsxBd7aPu-00480-00105040-00105319 right i am on what is this
+68rsxBd7aPu-00481-00105320-00105566 after my almond snack this is considered
+68rsxBd7aPu-00482-00105567-00105878 lunch uh a full meal so i have oatmeal
+68rsxBd7aPu-00483-00105879-00106007 as my carb
+68rsxBd7aPu-00484-00106008-00106175 it's like one packet of oatmeal i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00485-00106176-00106327 recommend getting like a big steel cut
+68rsxBd7aPu-00486-00106328-00106519 out and cooking it in advance but i have
+68rsxBd7aPu-00487-00106520-00106671 some pockets left over if you're just
+68rsxBd7aPu-00488-00106672-00106863 starting out you just pack it it's fine
+68rsxBd7aPu-00489-00106864-00106975 you'll be all right just try to stay
+68rsxBd7aPu-00490-00106976-00107215 away from ones that are like brown sugar
+68rsxBd7aPu-00491-00107216-00107478 and like sweet ones just try to get as
+68rsxBd7aPu-00492-00107479-00107823 raw as possible um and then in here my
+68rsxBd7aPu-00493-00107824-00108102 ninja my ninja blender i actually ground
+68rsxBd7aPu-00494-00108103-00108271 up some flax seeds so flax seeds are
+68rsxBd7aPu-00495-00108272-00108471 amazing um you definitely want some sort
+68rsxBd7aPu-00496-00108472-00108727 of seed or olives in your
+68rsxBd7aPu-00497-00108728-00108878 in your diet
+68rsxBd7aPu-00498-00108879-00109183 at some point of your day um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00499-00109183-00109295 so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00500-00109296-00109486 i grounded them up so you can kind of
+68rsxBd7aPu-00501-00109488-00109631 see there
+68rsxBd7aPu-00502-00109632-00109815 and what i did is i really released it
+68rsxBd7aPu-00503-00109816-00110054 because our are something that aren't um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00504-00110055-00110231 great at digesting down some certain
+68rsxBd7aPu-00505-00110232-00110486 things so like the outside um it would
+68rsxBd7aPu-00506-00110488-00110847 kind of come out like corn in my poo
+68rsxBd7aPu-00507-00110848-00111039 um it would come out whole so i want to
+68rsxBd7aPu-00508-00111040-00111175 grind it up so that my body gets the
+68rsxBd7aPu-00509-00111176-00111319 full benefits all i did is i put in
+68rsxBd7aPu-00510-00111320-00111502 oatmeal and i'll stir that up i don't
+68rsxBd7aPu-00511-00111503-00111686 eat it and then the other thing i wanted
+68rsxBd7aPu-00512-00111688-00111863 to show you is that i'm going to have
+68rsxBd7aPu-00513-00111864-00112119 another spinach salad but this time i'm
+68rsxBd7aPu-00514-00112120-00112495 gonna put um ground meat this is 96
+68rsxBd7aPu-00515-00112496-00112590 lean
+68rsxBd7aPu-00516-00112591-00112807 ground meat so i don't want the fat from
+68rsxBd7aPu-00517-00112808-00112966 here i'd rather have fat from a healthy
+68rsxBd7aPu-00518-00112967-00113207 fat um but i'm gonna have no fat no
+68rsxBd7aPu-00519-00113208-00113375 healthy fat with this one i'm gonna have
+68rsxBd7aPu-00520-00113376-00113607 the seeds instead and so for the ground
+68rsxBd7aPu-00521-00113608-00113839 meat i do make this in advance so i'm
+68rsxBd7aPu-00522-00113840-00113951 just gonna eat this up in the microwave
+68rsxBd7aPu-00523-00113952-00114134 it's already cooked though uh it does
+68rsxBd7aPu-00524-00114135-00114223 last a little bit longer when you
+68rsxBd7aPu-00525-00114224-00114471 already cook it rather than raw so i'll
+68rsxBd7aPu-00526-00114472-00114631 cook it um
+68rsxBd7aPu-00527-00114632-00114831 about every four or five days i'll have
+68rsxBd7aPu-00528-00114832-00115071 like a new a new pack from the store and
+68rsxBd7aPu-00529-00115072-00115286 i'll um go ahead and i'll just store it
+68rsxBd7aPu-00530-00115288-00115502 in here and i can just take my serving
+68rsxBd7aPu-00531-00115503-00115678 out heat it up in the microwave put it
+68rsxBd7aPu-00532-00115679-00115839 over the spinach a little bit of pink
+68rsxBd7aPu-00533-00115840-00116223 salt again and i'm good to go
+68rsxBd7aPu-00534-00116224-00116423 so at the end night i'm at my last meal
+68rsxBd7aPu-00535-00116424-00116607 i am at a barbecue right now all these
+68rsxBd7aPu-00536-00116608-00116886 lovely people uh it's actually a young
+68rsxBd7aPu-00537-00116888-00117175 adult church event and so there's a
+68rsxBd7aPu-00538-00117176-00117423 whole bunch of whole slew of stuff
+68rsxBd7aPu-00539-00117424-00117639 and i'm actually going to just have so
+68rsxBd7aPu-00540-00117640-00117783 here's here's the trick when you go
+68rsxBd7aPu-00541-00117783-00117975 places bring something healthy so that
+68rsxBd7aPu-00542-00117976-00118095 you have an option i knew there was
+68rsxBd7aPu-00543-00118096-00118263 gonna be burgers i made sure to like
+68rsxBd7aPu-00544-00118264-00118486 kind of find out what was gonna be there
+68rsxBd7aPu-00545-00118488-00118607 i was actually kind of told there was
+68rsxBd7aPu-00546-00118608-00118799 gonna be burgers and dogs so i just have
+68rsxBd7aPu-00547-00118800-00118943 a burger no bun because i already had my
+68rsxBd7aPu-00548-00118944-00119215 crop for the day as you saw before and i
+68rsxBd7aPu-00549-00119216-00119383 wouldn't eat white carbs anyway and then
+68rsxBd7aPu-00550-00119383-00119607 i brought cucumber salad it has no sugar
+68rsxBd7aPu-00551-00119608-00119895 in it and i brought green beans i just
+68rsxBd7aPu-00552-00119896-00120143 put green beans in my cast iron skillet
+68rsxBd7aPu-00553-00120144-00120263 put some
+68rsxBd7aPu-00554-00120264-00120575 salt and salt pepper and garlic and then
+68rsxBd7aPu-00555-00120576-00120758 a little pink salt top and i brought it
+68rsxBd7aPu-00556-00120759-00120943 open and now other people get to be
+68rsxBd7aPu-00557-00120944-00121247 healthy too but here is the final dinner
+68rsxBd7aPu-00558-00121248-00122423 for the day the final meal of the day
+68rsxBd7aPu-00559-00122424-00122632 you
+68yuj21grTM-00000-00000446-00000689 yeah I've done a lot of writing and a
+68yuj21grTM-00001-00000690-00000802 lot of interviews on critical
+68yuj21grTM-00002-00000803-00000952 infrastructure and I think there is a
+68yuj21grTM-00003-00000953-00001208 huge concern why just look at critical
+68yuj21grTM-00004-00001209-00001378 infrastructure as a whole
+68yuj21grTM-00005-00001379-00001579 most of the systems unfortunately
+68yuj21grTM-00006-00001580-00001823 especially throughout the US are still
+68yuj21grTM-00007-00001823-00002063 built upon the backbone of old legacy
+68yuj21grTM-00008-00002064-00002332 systems they have not been upgraded
+68yuj21grTM-00009-00002333-00002594 they're kind of segmented there's no
+68yuj21grTM-00010-00002595-00002891 consistency throughout and sometimes
+68yuj21grTM-00011-00002892-00003014 that's actually good from a security
+68yuj21grTM-00012-00003015-00003182 standpoint but sometimes that hurt you
+68yuj21grTM-00013-00003183-00003335 when it comes to trying to upgrade
+68yuj21grTM-00014-00003336-00003629 things so it's kind of a little bit of a
+68yuj21grTM-00015-00003629-00003770 cat-and-mouse game I think with critical
+68yuj21grTM-00016-00003771-00003915 infrastructure especially when you have
+68yuj21grTM-00017-00003917-00004265 not just hackers going after it but now
+68yuj21grTM-00018-00004266-00004522 you have nation-states and sponsored
+68yuj21grTM-00019-00004523-00004808 attacks where there's a lot of hackers a
+68yuj21grTM-00020-00004809-00004961 lot of cyber criminals and there's a lot
+68yuj21grTM-00021-00004962-00005204 of funding behind it which means you've
+68yuj21grTM-00022-00005205-00005413 got buildings with cyber criminals
+68yuj21grTM-00023-00005414-00005585 sitting there all day just trying to
+68yuj21grTM-00024-00005586-00005945 find that one vulnerability it's hard to
+68yuj21grTM-00025-00005946-00006185 protect the entire system and get it
+68yuj21grTM-00026-00006186-00006397 right every time it's easy to find that
+68yuj21grTM-00027-00006398-00006547 one vulnerability and somebody keeps
+68yuj21grTM-00028-00006548-00006698 chipping away until they can get into
+68yuj21grTM-00029-00006698-00006926 that back door or that vulnerability and
+68yuj21grTM-00030-00006927-00007246 that's why the job becomes so mammoth if
+68yuj21grTM-00031-00007247-00007453 you require just a rely just on the
+68yuj21grTM-00032-00007454-00007598 federal government to keep it secure
+68yuj21grTM-00033-00007598-00007745 we're probably going to be in big
+68yuj21grTM-00034-00007745-00007784 trouble
+68yuj21grTM-00035-00007784-00007937 they've got their hands full it's very
+68yuj21grTM-00036-00007938-00008108 expensive they don't have the talent so
+68yuj21grTM-00037-00008109-00008321 it has to be looked after third parties
+68yuj21grTM-00038-00008322-00008535 and private companies that can work
+68yuj21grTM-00039-00008536-00008785 private and public sector together and
+68yuj21grTM-00040-00008786-00009085 share information share vulnerabilities
+68yuj21grTM-00041-00009086-00009385 share different threaten detection and
+68yuj21grTM-00042-00009386-00009659 work together to fight off the cyber
+68yuj21grTM-00043-00009660-00009887 criminal tonight I would say that that's
+68yuj21grTM-00044-00009888-00010124 probably one of the scariest things for
+68yuj21grTM-00045-00010125-00010446 the next decade is ensuring that we have
+68yuj21grTM-00046-00010447-00010817 great security within our industrial
+68yuj21grTM-00047-00010818-00011183 systems manufacturing and infrastructure
+68yuj21grTM-00048-00011184-00011539 that we depend on as a society to give
+68yuj21grTM-00049-00011540-00011798 us things like water and power I think
+68yuj21grTM-00050-00011799-00012116 that training and focusing on those
+68yuj21grTM-00051-00012117-00012380 skills within schools now will set us up
+68yuj21grTM-00052-00012381-00012716 for filling those jobs in the future but
+68yuj21grTM-00053-00012717-00012925 there's absolutely a great need for
+68yuj21grTM-00054-00012926-00013226 people who specialized in those types of
+68yuj21grTM-00055-00013227-00013522 things it's interesting I was having a
+68yuj21grTM-00056-00013523-00013663 conversation with someone in the last
+68yuj21grTM-00057-00013665-00013755 day
+68yuj21grTM-00058-00013756-00014072 about sort of the history of breaches as
+68yuj21grTM-00059-00014074-00014403 a were I've spent a lot of years in the
+68yuj21grTM-00060-00014404-00014637 payment card industry the PCI space and
+68yuj21grTM-00061-00014638-00014937 in the early days of PCI why PCI came
+68yuj21grTM-00062-00014938-00015405 about 16 years ago was because bad guys
+68yuj21grTM-00063-00015406-00015563 had figured out how to make money by
+68yuj21grTM-00064-00015565-00015716 stealing credit card information and
+68yuj21grTM-00065-00015718-00015909 they made a lot of it they stole a lot
+68yuj21grTM-00066-00015910-00016134 of credit card information and I was
+68yuj21grTM-00067-00016135-00016386 wondering as we were talking about this
+68yuj21grTM-00068-00016387-00016661 sort of the history and the evolution of
+68yuj21grTM-00069-00016662-00016935 and really the positive impact that PCI
+68yuj21grTM-00070-00016936-00017294 is made on the fact that there's more
+68yuj21grTM-00071-00017295-00017447 companies that are doing more to protect
+68yuj21grTM-00072-00017448-00017799 credit card data but in in in effect a
+68yuj21grTM-00073-00017800-00017985 lot of that protection comes from a lot
+68yuj21grTM-00074-00017986-00018165 of these companies have figured out they
+68yuj21grTM-00075-00018166-00018294 don't need to store the credit card
+68yuj21grTM-00076-00018295-00018516 information the transaction information
+68yuj21grTM-00077-00018517-00018771 for 10 years and have it be literally
+68yuj21grTM-00078-00018772-00019134 everywhere within their organization so
+68yuj21grTM-00079-00019135-00019397 the the attack the attack foot footprint
+68yuj21grTM-00080-00019398-00019635 has been reduced the the opportunity to
+68yuj21grTM-00081-00019636-00019803 steal that data in some ways has been
+68yuj21grTM-00082-00019804-00020122 reduced and I wonder if that has been a
+68yuj21grTM-00083-00020123-00020369 reason why the bad guys that are hoping
+68yuj21grTM-00084-00020370-00020619 to make money and monetize which is
+68yuj21grTM-00085-00020620-00020841 still largely the motivation for bad
+68yuj21grTM-00086-00020842-00021171 guys to to break into things they've
+68yuj21grTM-00087-00021172-00021300 moved on to something else like
+68yuj21grTM-00088-00021301-00021552 ransomware and they've moved on to
+68yuj21grTM-00089-00021553-00021875 crippling or impacting you know the IOT
+68yuj21grTM-00090-00021876-00022340 systems critical infrastructure systems
+68yuj21grTM-00091-00022341-00022584 even in the early days we talked about
+68yuj21grTM-00092-00022585-00022761 the motivations of the bad guys the
+68yuj21grTM-00093-00022762-00023019 attackers who I'm classically trained
+68yuj21grTM-00094-00023020-00023372 that's what a threat is is the people in
+68yuj21grTM-00095-00023373-00023547 the early days we talked about what are
+68yuj21grTM-00096-00023548-00023631 their motivations
+68yuj21grTM-00097-00023632-00023880 you know monetization making money
+68yuj21grTM-00098-00023881-00024172 stealing was one thing committing fraud
+68yuj21grTM-00099-00024173-00024462 but the result there was also political
+68yuj21grTM-00100-00024463-00024600 motivations and trying to make a
+68yuj21grTM-00101-00024601-00025003 statement political activism trying to
+68yuj21grTM-00102-00025004-00025266 go after companies that they perceived
+68yuj21grTM-00103-00025267-00025521 were doing things irresponsibly in terms
+68yuj21grTM-00104-00025522-00025820 of you know whatever the environment the
+68yuj21grTM-00105-00025822-00026100 economy the whatever whatever their beef
+68yuj21grTM-00106-00026101-00026514 was I think far in a way most of what we
+68yuj21grTM-00107-00026514-00026771 see these days in terms of breaches is
+68yuj21grTM-00108-00026772-00026964 still sort of on the monetary aspect
+68yuj21grTM-00109-00026964-00027105 - you know it's financially motivated
+68yuj21grTM-00110-00027106-00027270 people have figured out how to make
+68yuj21grTM-00111-00027270-00027446 money that doesn't mean those other
+68yuj21grTM-00112-00027447-00027962 reasons don't exist but it also goes
+68yuj21grTM-00113-00027963-00028112 back to that fun thing we're talking
+68yuj21grTM-00114-00028113-00028271 about because it hasn't happened yet
+68yuj21grTM-00115-00028272-00028551 doesn't mean it can't happen in critical
+68yuj21grTM-00116-00028552-00028824 infrastructure the the fact that you
+68yuj21grTM-00117-00028825-00029082 know power grids and it could be taken
+68yuj21grTM-00118-00029083-00029368 down terrorist activities could be
+68yuj21grTM-00119-00029369-00029558 perpetrated against these types of
+68yuj21grTM-00120-00029560-00029937 things certainly the the attempts are
+68yuj21grTM-00121-00029938-00030146 out there there that's where a lot of
+68yuj21grTM-00122-00030147-00030432 the attention is in some way I think
+68yuj21grTM-00123-00030433-00030606 about that sort of the real mission of
+68yuj21grTM-00124-00030607-00030920 cyber security is sort of those clear
+68yuj21grTM-00125-00030922-00031101 and present danger things from a
+68yuj21grTM-00126-00031102-00031337 national security perspective and then
+68yuj21grTM-00127-00031338-00031458 there's sort of the commercial world
+68yuj21grTM-00128-00031458-00031701 that also plays in it but they're more
+68yuj21grTM-00129-00031702-00031887 interested in stopping fraud and
+68yuj21grTM-00130-00031888-00032252 stopping financial loss so the state of
+68yuj21grTM-00131-00032253-00032592 things are nothing's changed the
+68yuj21grTM-00132-00032593-00032802 motivations perhaps of shifted gears a
+68yuj21grTM-00133-00032803-00033051 little bit we're we get good in one area
+68yuj21grTM-00134-00033052-00033357 and reduce breaches but that means
+68yuj21grTM-00135-00033358-00033683 another area comes forward I think the
+68yuj21grTM-00136-00033684-00033837 majority of the bad guys are still
+68yuj21grTM-00137-00033838-00034056 financially motivated but that doesn't
+68yuj21grTM-00138-00034057-00034200 mean that they're not being paid by a
+68yuj21grTM-00139-00034201-00034440 terrorist group to go disrupt things or
+68yuj21grTM-00140-00034441-00034656 paid by a nation-state to go disrupt
+68yuj21grTM-00141-00034657-00034989 things there is no good answer for that
+68yuj21grTM-00142-00034990-00035406 question we need to understand things so
+68yuj21grTM-00143-00035407-00035868 much better because of IOT because of
+68yuj21grTM-00144-00035869-00036164 nation-state adversaries there's we
+68yuj21grTM-00145-00036165-00036429 don't know what we don't know and
+68yuj21grTM-00146-00036430-00036702 there's so much we have to learn this is
+68yuj21grTM-00147-00036703-00036951 a specialized area we can't apply the
+68yuj21grTM-00148-00036952-00037208 same treatments and fixes and safeguards
+68yuj21grTM-00149-00037209-00037443 that we are used to using to secure this
+68yuj21grTM-00150-00037444-00037707 and right now everything is moving up
+68yuj21grTM-00151-00037708-00037917 into the cloud again it's another area
+68yuj21grTM-00152-00037918-00038102 that we think we're prepared to deal
+68yuj21grTM-00153-00038103-00038331 with but there really is so much more
+68yuj21grTM-00154-00038332-00038601 that we don't know and those gaps are
+68yuj21grTM-00155-00038602-00038796 where the adversaries are taking full
+68yuj21grTM-00156-00038797-00039101 advantage of and ready to move in - I
+68yuj21grTM-00157-00039102-00039348 think we have some really big challenges
+68yuj21grTM-00158-00039349-00039633 ahead and I would love to see us keep
+68yuj21grTM-00159-00039634-00039858 getting more people in with diverse
+68yuj21grTM-00160-00039859-00040067 backgrounds because
+68yuj21grTM-00161-00040068-00040298 we need to look at these problems with
+68yuj21grTM-00162-00040299-00040627 why their lenses new tactics new
+68yuj21grTM-00163-00040628-00040880 approaches I think the main focus is the
+68yuj21grTM-00164-00040881-00041143 fact that we are bringing things in from
+68yuj21grTM-00165-00041144-00041582 the internet of things that are
+68yuj21grTM-00166-00041583-00041909 connecting in an in an environment that
+68yuj21grTM-00167-00041910-00042158 was never meant to be connected so we've
+68yuj21grTM-00168-00042159-00042481 gone from what were once some they were
+68yuj21grTM-00169-00042482-00042890 segregated off the grid and now we've
+68yuj21grTM-00170-00042891-00043049 expanded it we have things that are
+68yuj21grTM-00171-00043050-00043232 speaking out connecting to the network
+68yuj21grTM-00172-00043233-00043601 we're bolting on connections on things
+68yuj21grTM-00173-00043602-00043751 that were not designed and we don't have
+68yuj21grTM-00174-00043752-00043895 safeguards or security in place to
+68yuj21grTM-00175-00043896-00044051 effectively take care of that and
+68yuj21grTM-00176-00044052-00044327 industrial security systems are so
+68yuj21grTM-00177-00044328-00044537 specialized and many of them are run
+68yuj21grTM-00178-00044538-00044743 until they fail because they're
+68yuj21grTM-00179-00044744-00044831 temperamental
+68yuj21grTM-00180-00044832-00045193 it's very proprietary you can't fix or
+68yuj21grTM-00181-00045194-00045527 touch or do things to them at risk of
+68yuj21grTM-00182-00045528-00045770 shutting down an entire plant or
+68yuj21grTM-00183-00045771-00045940 maintenance system or things that are
+68yuj21grTM-00184-00045941-00046496 mission critical yeah so it's yeah an
+68yuj21grTM-00185-00046497-00046693 IOT in general whether you're talking
+68yuj21grTM-00186-00046694-00046965 industrial or not you know generally
+68yuj21grTM-00187-00046966-00047233 that's a the same issue we're seeing
+68yuj21grTM-00188-00047234-00047590 there is you know people jumping into
+68yuj21grTM-00189-00047591-00047810 that space that aren't necessarily
+68yuj21grTM-00190-00047811-00048029 familiar with security you know or the
+68yuj21grTM-00191-00048030-00048200 ramifications of putting something on a
+68yuj21grTM-00192-00048201-00048514 network or on the internet with
+68yuj21grTM-00193-00048515-00048768 industrial IOT you have companies that
+68yuj21grTM-00194-00048769-00049127 traditionally you know their skills are
+68yuj21grTM-00195-00049128-00049321 in building this industrial equipment
+68yuj21grTM-00196-00049322-00049562 not securing it you know not not
+68yuj21grTM-00197-00049563-00049742 understanding networks and the internet
+68yuj21grTM-00198-00049743-00050306 and you know how wild and dangerous it
+68yuj21grTM-00199-00050307-00050593 can be to have something facing the
+68yuj21grTM-00200-00050594-00050762 public Internet
+68yuj21grTM-00201-00050763-00050962 and they learned that very quickly you
+68yuj21grTM-00202-00050963-00051352 know typically but but generally you
+68yuj21grTM-00203-00051353-00051635 know the issue in any market is the the
+68yuj21grTM-00204-00051636-00051887 rush to be competitors you know and it's
+68yuj21grTM-00205-00051888-00052148 very tough to say no let's slow down and
+68yuj21grTM-00206-00052149-00052373 think about this you know so they and
+68yuj21grTM-00207-00052374-00052544 that's generally a business issue but
+68yuj21grTM-00208-00052545-00052891 more so in industrial area where you
+68yuj21grTM-00209-00052892-00053153 know once you put a product together you
+68yuj21grTM-00210-00053154-00053283 know you don't plan on changing it
+68yuj21grTM-00211-00053284-00053415 very long time you know they're very
+68yuj21grTM-00212-00053416-00053682 long-lived you know here we are with
+68yuj21grTM-00213-00053683-00053811 smartphones
+68yuj21grTM-00214-00053812-00053979 you know smartphone vendors are coming
+68yuj21grTM-00215-00053979-00054264 out with new models every six months you
+68yuj21grTM-00216-00054265-00054687 know some of these consumer IOT devices
+68yuj21grTM-00217-00054688-00055047 are refreshed multiple times a year you
+68yuj21grTM-00218-00055048-00055278 know so you have many changes to make to
+68yuj21grTM-00219-00055279-00055497 update the product to fix things to
+68yuj21grTM-00220-00055498-00055824 improve things you know so we do need to
+68yuj21grTM-00221-00055825-00056016 slow down a little bit and put some more
+68yuj21grTM-00222-00056016-00056226 thought into something with a 20 or 30
+68yuj21grTM-00223-00056227-00056538 year lifespan or at least make sure we
+68yuj21grTM-00224-00056539-00056784 can update it easily because so we can
+68yuj21grTM-00225-00056785-00056930 we can fix things
+68yuj21grTM-00226-00056932-00057150 while it's in use while it's in
+68yuj21grTM-00227-00057151-00057402 productions
+68TRwfPMAJY-00000-00000134-00000709 all right here it is Jayco octane t 30 F
+68TRwfPMAJY-00001-00000710-00001064 toy hauler it's really nice inside I'll
+68TRwfPMAJY-00002-00001065-00001589 do a quick walk around on the outside
+68TRwfPMAJY-00003-00001590-00001901 and the inside we have this over here a
+68TRwfPMAJY-00004-00001902-00002359 true fighter beat this is Laura over at
+68TRwfPMAJY-00005-00002360-00002675 world wide RV off main and Mesa so you
+68TRwfPMAJY-00006-00002676-00002948 can come and get this octane with me for
+68TRwfPMAJY-00007-00002949-00003203 your toy hauler season coming up in
+68TRwfPMAJY-00008-00003204-00003518 October or whenever you go have fun so
+68TRwfPMAJY-00009-00003519-00004669 let's just take a quick peek underneath
+68TRwfPMAJY-00010-00004670-00005110 there's the generator exhaust and
+68TRwfPMAJY-00011-00005111-00005552 obviously the quietest Onan generators
+68TRwfPMAJY-00012-00005553-00005854 such a popular brand it's pretty much on
+68TRwfPMAJY-00013-00005855-00006445 everything some of the tank areas a
+68TRwfPMAJY-00014-00006445-00006692 little slide to give you a little extra
+68TRwfPMAJY-00015-00006693-00007031 space this is in the bedroom outside hot
+68TRwfPMAJY-00016-00007031-00007620 and cold shower
+68TRwfPMAJY-00017-00007620-00007928 a little bit of storage back there it
+68TRwfPMAJY-00018-00007929-00008403 looks like an access to some of the
+68TRwfPMAJY-00019-00008404-00008877 pipes if you ever need to get to them
+68TRwfPMAJY-00020-00008878-00009483 it's a tandem axle goodyear tires pretty
+68TRwfPMAJY-00021-00009484-00009834 pretty good tires i like how wide they
+68TRwfPMAJY-00022-00009835-00010185 are
+68TRwfPMAJY-00023-00010186-00010606 it's a 50-amp connection you got the
+68TRwfPMAJY-00024-00010607-00011119 fuel tank for all your toys in a pump as
+68TRwfPMAJY-00025-00011120-00011560 well obviously you need to be able to
+68TRwfPMAJY-00026-00011561-00011763 put more gas in your toys and use the
+68TRwfPMAJY-00027-00011764-00012009 gas to run the generator when you're out
+68TRwfPMAJY-00028-00012010-00012445 all right it's got an awning it actually
+68TRwfPMAJY-00029-00012446-00012673 has a patio kit on the inside I'm not
+68TRwfPMAJY-00030-00012674-00012858 sure if I'll be pulling this down while
+68TRwfPMAJY-00031-00012859-00013475 I'm filming but that's pretty awesome
+68TRwfPMAJY-00032-00013476-00013996 huge awning on the side as well so back
+68TRwfPMAJY-00033-00013997-00014335 awning kit sidon Inc it you got a nice
+68TRwfPMAJY-00034-00014336-00014800 little lock right over here for your
+68TRwfPMAJY-00035-00014801-00015172 toys there's this very tired and there's
+68TRwfPMAJY-00036-00015172-00015625 the spot that you crank your spare tire
+68TRwfPMAJY-00037-00015626-00016513 down some vents in the toy area this is
+68TRwfPMAJY-00039-00019573-00019846 heater that's pretty standard with most
+68TRwfPMAJY-00040-00019847-00020109 of these and you know what you're gonna
+68TRwfPMAJY-00041-00020110-00020461 be out outside most of the time anyway
+68TRwfPMAJY-00042-00020462-00020734 playing so I'm gonna go through and
+68TRwfPMAJY-00043-00020735-00020925 check out the toy area of really nice
+68TRwfPMAJY-00044-00020926-00021400 couches and extra sleeping areas so here
+68TRwfPMAJY-00045-00021401-00021662 we are
+68TRwfPMAJY-00046-00021663-00021940 there's the patio kit that folds right
+68TRwfPMAJY-00047-00021941-00022137 up and then it goes right back down so
+68TRwfPMAJY-00048-00022138-00022422 you can have a whole gated patio with
+68TRwfPMAJY-00049-00022423-00023010 the cables there that hold it up
+68TRwfPMAJY-00050-00023011-00023284 so you just got two people sitting here
+68TRwfPMAJY-00051-00023285-00023514 guess why you're getting spot for your
+68TRwfPMAJY-00052-00023515-00024097 drinks same on this other side huge
+68TRwfPMAJY-00053-00024098-00024646 windows an extra lift system a table
+68TRwfPMAJY-00054-00024647-00024982 that can go outside easy to fold I like
+68TRwfPMAJY-00055-00024983-00025195 this kind without the huge legs it's
+68TRwfPMAJY-00056-00025196-00025591 really really nice so let's see you can
+68TRwfPMAJY-00057-00025592-00026068 sleep too for this can go down that
+68TRwfPMAJY-00058-00026069-00026488 could be six eight ten sleeping ten
+68TRwfPMAJY-00059-00026489-00026680 people look at all this extra cabinet
+68TRwfPMAJY-00060-00026681-00027156 space it's wired for the solar the this
+68TRwfPMAJY-00061-00027157-00027489 table doesn't go outside but you can put
+68TRwfPMAJY-00062-00027491-00027742 it down I mean put it away and then you
+68TRwfPMAJY-00063-00027743-00027982 have a bed here there's your control
+68TRwfPMAJY-00064-00027983-00028306 station and lets you start you generator
+68TRwfPMAJY-00065-00028307-00028727 and and see how much fuel you have left
+68TRwfPMAJY-00066-00028729-00029022 entertainment of course for everybody
+68TRwfPMAJY-00067-00029023-00029497 eight cubic foot refrigerator look at
+68TRwfPMAJY-00068-00029498-00030142 that the extra refrigerator space you
+68TRwfPMAJY-00069-00030143-00030394 definitely want that when you have ten
+68TRwfPMAJY-00070-00030395-00030730 people huh coming out with you here's
+68TRwfPMAJY-00071-00030731-00030939 the kitchen area I love that it's a
+68TRwfPMAJY-00072-00030941-00031324 little l-shaped area because it gives
+68TRwfPMAJY-00073-00031325-00031762 you the extra space access to the
+68TRwfPMAJY-00074-00031763-00032011 bedroom through the kitchen or through
+68TRwfPMAJY-00075-00032012-00032607 the hall is in her shelfing huge huge
+68TRwfPMAJY-00076-00032608-00033028 comfortable bed and mattress this
+68TRwfPMAJY-00077-00033029-00033361 mattress is great real mattress look at
+68TRwfPMAJY-00078-00033362-00034024 this extra jacks down there for your
+68TRwfPMAJY-00079-00034025-00034720 phone you can see it let's see this is
+68TRwfPMAJY-00080-00034721-00035038 bad video that I'm doing it's not it's
+68TRwfPMAJY-00081-00035039-00035632 not okay there we go
+68TRwfPMAJY-00082-00035633-00036101 another AC on the ceiling of the bedroom
+68TRwfPMAJY-00083-00036102-00036623 tons of extra storage space up here
+68TRwfPMAJY-00084-00036624-00037151 corner shower everybody can fit in that
+68TRwfPMAJY-00085-00037152-00037505 nice tall shower you know the seven
+68TRwfPMAJY-00086-00037506-00037877 footers the guys that are tall you're
+68TRwfPMAJY-00087-00037878-00038285 gonna love that no more having to duck -
+68TRwfPMAJY-00088-00038286-00038823 yeah take a shower I love it I love it
+68TRwfPMAJY-00089-00038824-00039050 and if you love it - then you were gonna
+68TRwfPMAJY-00090-00039051-00039299 want to come and get this from me it's
+68TRwfPMAJY-00091-00039300-00039729 on sale today if you saw the price the
+68TRwfPMAJY-00092-00039730-00039885 right price that we can get for you
+68TRwfPMAJY-00093-00039886-00039938 today
+68TRwfPMAJY-00094-00039939-00040535 brand-new on the 2000 Jayco it octane T
+68TRwfPMAJY-00095-00040536-00041042 30 F is 43 975 that's discounted point
+68TRwfPMAJY-00096-00041043-00041373 of it so you'll want to give me a call
+68TRwfPMAJY-00097-00041374-00041675 and come on out to get this here it is
+68TRwfPMAJY-00098-00041676-00042313 one last shot is the octane toy hauler
+68TRwfPMAJY-00099-00042314-00042671 it's awesome
+6qDr6193B-A-00000-00000479-00000719 well good morning and can I welcome
+6qDr6193B-A-00001-00000720-00001000 everybody to this the 14th meeting of
+6qDr6193B-A-00002-00001001-00001361 the public audit Committee in 2023
+6qDr6193B-A-00003-00001362-00001547 um we've received apologies this morning
+6qDr6193B-A-00004-00001548-00001757 from Colin Beatty and I welcome Bill
+6qDr6193B-A-00005-00001757-00001960 Kidd who is substituting for him today
+6qDr6193B-A-00006-00001961-00002242 uh the first item on our agenda is for
+6qDr6193B-A-00007-00002243-00002483 the committee uh to agree or not to take
+6qDr6193B-A-00008-00002484-00002734 agenda items three and four in private
+6qDr6193B-A-00009-00002735-00002921 are we all agreed
+6qDr6193B-A-00010-00002922-00003191 we are agreed thank you
+6qDr6193B-A-00011-00003192-00003509 a gender item 2 is a consideration of
+6qDr6193B-A-00012-00003510-00003725 the report on the administration of this
+6qDr6193B-A-00013-00003726-00004020 of Scottish income tax in the tax year
+6qDr6193B-A-00014-00004021-00004313 2021-22 and I'm pleased to welcome our
+6qDr6193B-A-00015-00004314-00004583 Witnesses uh this morning both from
+6qDr6193B-A-00016-00004584-00004775 um his Majesty's revenue and customs and
+6qDr6193B-A-00017-00004776-00005129 the Scottish government so we um have um
+6qDr6193B-A-00018-00005130-00005338 as Witnesses this morning Allison
+6qDr6193B-A-00019-00005339-00005572 Stafford who's the director general of
+6qDr6193B-A-00020-00005573-00005818 the Scottish exchequer and Allison
+6qDr6193B-A-00021-00005819-00006017 Stafford is joined by Lorraine King
+6qDr6193B-A-00022-00006018-00006347 who's the deputy director tax and
+6qDr6193B-A-00023-00006348-00006539 revenues directorate in the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00024-00006540-00006760 government we're also joined this
+6qDr6193B-A-00025-00006761-00007096 morning uh by Jonathan athao who's the
+6qDr6193B-A-00026-00007097-00007319 director general for customer strategy
+6qDr6193B-A-00027-00007320-00007733 and tax design at hmrc and along with
+6qDr6193B-A-00028-00007734-00008003 Jonathan is Phil Batchelor the deputy
+6qDr6193B-A-00029-00008004-00008471 director for income tax policy in hmrc
+6qDr6193B-A-00030-00008472-00008651 um we've got quite a number of questions
+6qDr6193B-A-00031-00008652-00008789 that we want to put to you this morning
+6qDr6193B-A-00032-00008790-00008939 but before we get into those questions
+6qDr6193B-A-00033-00008940-00009269 could I invite first of all Alice and
+6qDr6193B-A-00034-00009270-00009413 Stafford to make a short opening
+6qDr6193B-A-00035-00009414-00009610 statement thank you thank you very much
+6qDr6193B-A-00036-00009611-00009809 convener and good morning
+6qDr6193B-A-00037-00009810-00009953 has had
+6qDr6193B-A-00038-00009954-00010163 very tax rate
+6qDr6193B-A-00039-00010164-00010423 on dividends income tax from
+6qDr6193B-A-00040-00010424-00010769 2017-18 and relies on his Majesty's
+6qDr6193B-A-00041-00010770-00010906 revenue and Customs for the
+6qDr6193B-A-00042-00010907-00011045 administration of this partially
+6qDr6193B-A-00043-00011046-00011201 devolved tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00044-00011202-00011464 I would draw to the committee's
+6qDr6193B-A-00045-00011465-00011717 attention three particular actions that
+6qDr6193B-A-00046-00011718-00011896 have taken forward since last year's
+6qDr6193B-A-00047-00011897-00012167 session with the committee on compliance
+6qDr6193B-A-00048-00012168-00012395 the Scottish government continues to
+6qDr6193B-A-00049-00012396-00012664 proactively consider Scottish Pacific
+6qDr6193B-A-00050-00012665-00012983 compliance risks with hmrc and has
+6qDr6193B-A-00051-00012984-00013294 commissioned risk-based analysis on the
+6qDr6193B-A-00052-00013295-00013588 scope of paper migration among the
+6qDr6193B-A-00053-00013590-00013751 Scottish tax base
+6qDr6193B-A-00054-00013752-00014116 secondly on out turn methodology in
+6qDr6193B-A-00055-00014118-00014375 response to the Nao recommendations last
+6qDr6193B-A-00056-00014376-00014916 year the 2020 21 outturn calculation
+6qDr6193B-A-00057-00014918-00015233 methodology was updated to reflect the
+6qDr6193B-A-00058-00015234-00015605 impact of covid-19 in hmrc's calculation
+6qDr6193B-A-00059-00015606-00015905 of the outturn receipts and thirdly on
+6qDr6193B-A-00060-00015906-00016138 data we've updated the service level
+6qDr6193B-A-00061-00016140-00016336 agreement between the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00062-00016337-00016571 government and hmrc to streamline data
+6qDr6193B-A-00063-00016572-00016889 requests and provision important as we
+6qDr6193B-A-00064-00016890-00017183 focus on building empirical evidence to
+6qDr6193B-A-00065-00017184-00017375 support policy development for ministers
+6qDr6193B-A-00066-00017376-00017627 and to inform any further Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00067-00017628-00017897 specific compliance needs in future
+6qDr6193B-A-00068-00017898-00018167 this staying with the theme of three and
+6qDr6193B-A-00069-00018168-00018325 very briefly
+6qDr6193B-A-00070-00018326-00018677 three key sources for Assurance for the
+6qDr6193B-A-00071-00018678-00018869 Scottish government on the proper
+6qDr6193B-A-00072-00018870-00019061 collection of this tax comes from
+6qDr6193B-A-00073-00019062-00019247 firstly that operation of the service
+6qDr6193B-A-00074-00019248-00019450 level agreement and a performance
+6qDr6193B-A-00075-00019451-00019764 framework which is vigilantly monitored
+6qDr6193B-A-00076-00019765-00020064 hmrc actually having a designated
+6qDr6193B-A-00077-00020065-00020350 additional accounting officer with
+6qDr6193B-A-00078-00020351-00020567 responsibility for Scottish income tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00079-00020568-00020855 and all that the all that goes with that
+6qDr6193B-A-00080-00020856-00021136 responsibility and that is Jonathan
+6qDr6193B-A-00081-00021137-00021353 apple who is with us today to support
+6qDr6193B-A-00082-00021354-00021569 the committee's scrutiny of their
+6qDr6193B-A-00083-00021570-00021899 Administration and thirdly that third
+6qDr6193B-A-00084-00021900-00022157 party Assurance really valuable that
+6qDr6193B-A-00085-00022158-00022333 comes from the National Audit office
+6qDr6193B-A-00086-00022334-00022625 providing an audit opinion which has
+6qDr6193B-A-00087-00022626-00022841 confirmed amongst other assurances the
+6qDr6193B-A-00088-00022842-00023194 Scottish income tax outturn for 2020 21
+6qDr6193B-A-00089-00023195-00023494 has been fairly stated by hmrc and the
+6qDr6193B-A-00090-00023495-00023639 auditor general for Scotland being
+6qDr6193B-A-00091-00023640-00023849 satisfied that the findings and
+6qDr6193B-A-00092-00023850-00024041 conclusions in that report are
+6qDr6193B-A-00093-00024042-00024322 reasonably based all of these are vital
+6qDr6193B-A-00094-00024323-00024539 sources of assurance and we will
+6qDr6193B-A-00095-00024540-00024772 continue to work with hmrc to ensure
+6qDr6193B-A-00096-00024773-00024994 that Scottish public finances are
+6qDr6193B-A-00097-00024995-00025175 underpinned by Tax Administration
+6qDr6193B-A-00098-00025176-00025372 Arrangements which function effectively
+6qDr6193B-A-00099-00025373-00025702 as intended ensuring value for money to
+6qDr6193B-A-00100-00025704-00025949 the taxpayer so colleagues here today
+6qDr6193B-A-00101-00025950-00026117 are obviously very happy and look
+6qDr6193B-A-00102-00026118-00026249 forward to answering the committee's
+6qDr6193B-A-00103-00026250-00026429 questions thank you
+6qDr6193B-A-00104-00026430-00026668 thank you very much indeed and as you
+6qDr6193B-A-00105-00026669-00026896 suggest those are very much the kind of
+6qDr6193B-A-00106-00026897-00027064 areas that we want to probe and question
+6qDr6193B-A-00107-00027066-00027431 and and get some better understanding of
+6qDr6193B-A-00108-00027432-00027551 um but before we get to the questions
+6qDr6193B-A-00109-00027552-00027820 could I invite Jonathan athau to give us
+6qDr6193B-A-00110-00027822-00028096 his opening statement I'll I'll I'll try
+6qDr6193B-A-00111-00028097-00028223 and be brief as Allison's actually
+6qDr6193B-A-00112-00028224-00028385 covered many of the uh many of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00113-00028386-00028612 issues I was going to touch on
+6qDr6193B-A-00114-00028613-00028924 um I I would really sort of echo two or
+6qDr6193B-A-00115-00028925-00029207 two or three points firstly we have been
+6qDr6193B-A-00116-00029208-00029411 administering a Scottish income tax for
+6qDr6193B-A-00117-00029412-00029524 a number of years that we've learned
+6qDr6193B-A-00118-00029525-00029705 from that I think some of that learning
+6qDr6193B-A-00119-00029706-00029920 you are seeing now being translated into
+6qDr6193B-A-00120-00029922-00030173 into performance and different ways of
+6qDr6193B-A-00121-00030174-00030496 working we very much welcome a very
+6qDr6193B-A-00122-00030497-00030689 positive working relationship with the
+6qDr6193B-A-00123-00030689-00030917 Scottish Scottish government and also
+6qDr6193B-A-00124-00030918-00031229 very uh grateful to the Auditors for
+6qDr6193B-A-00125-00031230-00031487 their for their work and reassured by
+6qDr6193B-A-00126-00031488-00031762 the audit Auditors opinions
+6qDr6193B-A-00127-00031763-00032045 I on that basis however I would say we
+6qDr6193B-A-00128-00032045-00032237 are not certainly not complacent I don't
+6qDr6193B-A-00129-00032238-00032333 think there's any room for being
+6qDr6193B-A-00130-00032333-00032645 complacent about risks here
+6qDr6193B-A-00131-00032645-00032927 um as uh hm revenue and Customs we are
+6qDr6193B-A-00132-00032928-00033131 we see a number of risks emerging in the
+6qDr6193B-A-00133-00033132-00033323 tax system all the time and we need to
+6qDr6193B-A-00134-00033324-00033581 spot them uh identify whether they need
+6qDr6193B-A-00135-00033582-00033724 to be tackled and if they do need to be
+6qDr6193B-A-00136-00033725-00033874 tackled put in place
+6qDr6193B-A-00137-00033875-00034277 um mitigations obviously with a greater
+6qDr6193B-A-00138-00034278-00034768 Divergence of uh rates between between
+6qDr6193B-A-00139-00034769-00034967 the rates in Scotland and the rest of
+6qDr6193B-A-00140-00034968-00035251 the UK beginning this financial year
+6qDr6193B-A-00141-00035252-00035531 that might be a spur for slightly
+6qDr6193B-A-00142-00035532-00035657 different behavior and we will need to
+6qDr6193B-A-00143-00035658-00035837 be on top of that obviously we won't
+6qDr6193B-A-00144-00035838-00036005 have any data around that for a while
+6qDr6193B-A-00145-00036006-00036137 yet
+6qDr6193B-A-00146-00036138-00036365 um but that is something we are
+6qDr6193B-A-00147-00036366-00036701 certainly mindful of and want to be on
+6qDr6193B-A-00148-00036702-00036935 top of so I think I'll leave it leave it
+6qDr6193B-A-00149-00036936-00037031 there
+6qDr6193B-A-00150-00037032-00037223 thank you very much indeed and I think
+6qDr6193B-A-00151-00037224-00037577 as a committee we are aware that um the
+6qDr6193B-A-00152-00037578-00037817 report prepared by both the National
+6qDr6193B-A-00153-00037818-00038057 Audit office and the auditor general in
+6qDr6193B-A-00154-00038058-00038383 Scotland uh used in places language like
+6qDr6193B-A-00155-00038384-00038824 continuing limitations and risk uh and
+6qDr6193B-A-00156-00038825-00039005 uh and some areas of concern so we'll
+6qDr6193B-A-00157-00039006-00039329 get to those uh shortly but before
+6qDr6193B-A-00158-00039330-00039599 um we get into some of that detail could
+6qDr6193B-A-00159-00039600-00039917 I uh just take you back to uh I suppose
+6qDr6193B-A-00160-00039918-00040246 one of the fundamental uh issues which
+6qDr6193B-A-00161-00040247-00040512 has been raised in the uh in the audit
+6qDr6193B-A-00162-00040513-00040774 and it came out in the evidence session
+6qDr6193B-A-00163-00040775-00041015 that we had on the 9th of February with
+6qDr6193B-A-00164-00041016-00041146 the National Audit office and the
+6qDr6193B-A-00165-00041147-00041507 auditor general where they uh drew our
+6qDr6193B-A-00166-00041508-00041837 attention to the conclusion that uh the
+6qDr6193B-A-00167-00041838-00042059 estimated growth in Scottish income tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00168-00042060-00042562 receipts in the financial year 2021-22
+6qDr6193B-A-00169-00042563-00043037 um was uh expected to be 11.3 percent
+6qDr6193B-A-00170-00043038-00043312 whereas the UK equivalent income tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00171-00043313-00043618 receipts was expected to grow by 13.2
+6qDr6193B-A-00172-00043619-00043973 percent so 11.3 versus 13.2 and I wonder
+6qDr6193B-A-00173-00043974-00044129 maybe turning to you hours and staff
+6qDr6193B-A-00174-00044130-00044279 first of all
+6qDr6193B-A-00175-00044280-00044435 um if you could give us an explanation
+6qDr6193B-A-00176-00044436-00044705 why uh you think the government thinks
+6qDr6193B-A-00177-00044706-00045011 uh Scottish income tax growth has been
+6qDr6193B-A-00178-00045012-00045257 lower than the UK as a whole in recent
+6qDr6193B-A-00179-00045258-00045377 years
+6qDr6193B-A-00180-00045378-00045617 so that whole area of tax performance
+6qDr6193B-A-00181-00045618-00045880 obviously is one that um you'd expect I
+6qDr6193B-A-00182-00045881-00046007 am the government are very very
+6qDr6193B-A-00183-00046008-00046193 interested in
+6qDr6193B-A-00184-00046194-00046445 um and it really is quite as you'd
+6qDr6193B-A-00185-00046446-00046667 expect a complex relationship between
+6qDr6193B-A-00186-00046668-00046937 the economy and tax and will reflect a
+6qDr6193B-A-00187-00046938-00047099 range of factors some of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00188-00047100-00047261 macroeconomic performance some of them
+6qDr6193B-A-00189-00047262-00047455 Regional some of them sectoral
+6qDr6193B-A-00190-00047456-00047705 demographics and the composition of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00191-00047706-00048023 tax Pace as well as government policy
+6qDr6193B-A-00192-00048024-00048280 while Scotland's labor market has
+6qDr6193B-A-00193-00048281-00048593 matched if not exceeded UK performance
+6qDr6193B-A-00194-00048594-00048971 in recent years with high employment and
+6qDr6193B-A-00195-00048972-00049145 low unemployment
+6qDr6193B-A-00196-00049146-00049440 Scottish income tax performance has
+6qDr6193B-A-00197-00049441-00049912 certainly seen the impact of the change
+6qDr6193B-A-00198-00049913-00050236 in the oil industry Scottish receipts in
+6qDr6193B-A-00199-00050237-00050512 the north east of Scotland at the same
+6qDr6193B-A-00200-00050513-00050783 time as there's been strong growth in
+6qDr6193B-A-00201-00050784-00050927 the rest of the UK and particularly the
+6qDr6193B-A-00202-00050928-00051238 receipts in London and the southeast are
+6qDr6193B-A-00203-00051239-00051557 a factor so it's it's those particular
+6qDr6193B-A-00204-00051558-00051923 sectoral elements and so the change in
+6qDr6193B-A-00205-00051924-00052211 the oil industry and also then what's
+6qDr6193B-A-00206-00052212-00052594 happened more recently as well with some
+6qDr6193B-A-00207-00052595-00052847 of the particular things that we've seen
+6qDr6193B-A-00208-00052848-00053249 in inflation changes and so on has been
+6qDr6193B-A-00209-00053250-00053429 a factor really which
+6qDr6193B-A-00210-00053429-00053657 we have set out actually we've set this
+6qDr6193B-A-00211-00053658-00053885 out in the medium term Financial
+6qDr6193B-A-00212-00053886-00054226 strategy that was published last May
+6qDr6193B-A-00213-00054227-00054407 um just to be really transparent that
+6qDr6193B-A-00214-00054408-00054682 these Regional factors have been very
+6qDr6193B-A-00215-00054683-00055073 much the driver of that earnings Gap and
+6qDr6193B-A-00216-00055074-00055307 that is a is is a particular Factor
+6qDr6193B-A-00217-00055308-00055492 because of how the physical framework
+6qDr6193B-A-00218-00055494-00055757 operates so it's about relative
+6qDr6193B-A-00219-00055758-00055913 performance
+6qDr6193B-A-00220-00055914-00056116 so there's some degree where the fiscal
+6qDr6193B-A-00221-00056117-00056357 framework gives a little bit of cushion
+6qDr6193B-A-00222-00056358-00056479 around that
+6qDr6193B-A-00223-00056479-00056873 and therefore the interesting fact is
+6qDr6193B-A-00224-00056874-00057161 that in relation to the tax performance
+6qDr6193B-A-00225-00057162-00057407 and the operation of the block grant
+6qDr6193B-A-00226-00057408-00057516 adjustment
+6qDr6193B-A-00227-00057517-00057888 we've actually seen a positive
+6qDr6193B-A-00228-00057889-00058271 reconciliation impact built into the
+6qDr6193B-A-00229-00058272-00058607 budget for the current Financial year 23
+6qDr6193B-A-00230-00058608-00058885 24 based on this
+6qDr6193B-A-00231-00058886-00059225 I don't I admit I don't have the last
+6qDr6193B-A-00232-00059226-00059435 maze medium term Financial strategy in
+6qDr6193B-A-00233-00059436-00059692 front of me uh or at my fingertips I
+6qDr6193B-A-00234-00059694-00059873 mean when you describe the downturn in
+6qDr6193B-A-00235-00059874-00060041 the oil and gas industry affecting
+6qDr6193B-A-00236-00060041-00060292 income tax take receipts in the
+6qDr6193B-A-00237-00060294-00060532 Northeast I guess we can we can broadly
+6qDr6193B-A-00238-00060533-00060730 understand that yeah I mean to what
+6qDr6193B-A-00239-00060732-00060887 extent do you have data that absolutely
+6qDr6193B-A-00240-00060888-00061121 backs that up
+6qDr6193B-A-00241-00061122-00061421 um so we we will have data about the
+6qDr6193B-A-00242-00061422-00061853 overall position in 20 20 21.
+6qDr6193B-A-00243-00061854-00062038 um one of the things I mentioned in my
+6qDr6193B-A-00244-00062039-00062303 opening statement was actually about the
+6qDr6193B-A-00245-00062304-00062500 changes with the service level agreement
+6qDr6193B-A-00246-00062501-00062765 and also the extent to which now the
+6qDr6193B-A-00247-00062766-00063029 data is becoming a little more readily
+6qDr6193B-A-00248-00063029-00063275 available we've had some data flows that
+6qDr6193B-A-00249-00063276-00063479 have been coming through in the last few
+6qDr6193B-A-00250-00063479-00063688 months which actually then will give us
+6qDr6193B-A-00251-00063689-00063916 a bit more granularity behind that so we
+6qDr6193B-A-00252-00063917-00064109 don't have that granularity of data
+6qDr6193B-A-00253-00064110-00064319 going back to the year that's in
+6qDr6193B-A-00254-00064320-00064535 question and that the Nao report is
+6qDr6193B-A-00255-00064536-00064888 based on the 20 20 21 but we are now
+6qDr6193B-A-00256-00064889-00065332 getting data that's based on the pay as
+6qDr6193B-A-00257-00065333-00065644 you earn section of the tax collection
+6qDr6193B-A-00258-00065645-00065879 regime as you'll know from the reports
+6qDr6193B-A-00259-00065880-00066035 from National Audit office there's a
+6qDr6193B-A-00260-00066036-00066449 combination of how the taxes categorized
+6qDr6193B-A-00261-00066450-00066694 and how it is administered and we are
+6qDr6193B-A-00262-00066695-00066929 now starting to get some data on the pa
+6qDr6193B-A-00263-00066930-00067085 pa
+6qDr6193B-A-00264-00067086-00067385 aye elements of that and obviously that
+6qDr6193B-A-00265-00067386-00067649 will be informing us much more in terms
+6qDr6193B-A-00266-00067650-00067931 of the Scottish specific elements within
+6qDr6193B-A-00267-00067932-00068015 this
+6qDr6193B-A-00268-00068016-00068303 so again just for the avoidance of any
+6qDr6193B-A-00269-00068304-00068500 confusion about this are you going to
+6qDr6193B-A-00270-00068501-00068753 get or are you now getting Regional
+6qDr6193B-A-00271-00068754-00069076 level uh data about income income
+6qDr6193B-A-00272-00069077-00069335 Scottish income tax receipts uh we're
+6qDr6193B-A-00273-00069336-00069556 getting data that is more granular not
+6qDr6193B-A-00274-00069557-00069881 necessarily specifically to Regions but
+6qDr6193B-A-00275-00069882-00070138 more associated with different bands of
+6qDr6193B-A-00276-00070139-00070361 taxpayers and I think that then will
+6qDr6193B-A-00277-00070362-00070505 help us because we know that there is
+6qDr6193B-A-00278-00070506-00070781 you know Regional distribution to those
+6qDr6193B-A-00279-00070782-00071032 okay thank you thank you
+6qDr6193B-A-00280-00071033-00071255 um I mean the other thing that you
+6qDr6193B-A-00281-00071256-00071381 mentioned there which I think is of
+6qDr6193B-A-00282-00071382-00071573 interest uh to the parliament as a whole
+6qDr6193B-A-00283-00071574-00071837 but uh to the public audit committee uh
+6qDr6193B-A-00284-00071838-00072155 no less is the fiscal framework and how
+6qDr6193B-A-00285-00072156-00072311 that works and of course it does work in
+6qDr6193B-A-00286-00072312-00072575 a very particular way where if Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00287-00072576-00072737 income tax receipts are at a certain
+6qDr6193B-A-00288-00072738-00072965 level compared to UK income tax receipts
+6qDr6193B-A-00289-00072966-00073199 that are consequential effects on the
+6qDr6193B-A-00290-00073200-00073426 operation of the fiscal framework which
+6qDr6193B-A-00291-00073427-00073631 which can be advantageous but can also
+6qDr6193B-A-00292-00073632-00073979 be disadvantageous as well I mean could
+6qDr6193B-A-00293-00073980-00074225 you update us where the renegotiation of
+6qDr6193B-A-00294-00074226-00074591 the Scottish of the fiscal framework is
+6qDr6193B-A-00295-00074592-00074926 by a week so um one of the key important
+6qDr6193B-A-00296-00074927-00075226 elements of the the review that is
+6qDr6193B-A-00297-00075227-00075473 planned and was part of the agreement
+6qDr6193B-A-00298-00075474-00075659 when the fiscal framework was first set
+6qDr6193B-A-00299-00075660-00075923 up that it would go through a review one
+6qDr6193B-A-00300-00075924-00076121 of the key elements of that was a
+6qDr6193B-A-00301-00076122-00076343 jointly commissioned independent report
+6qDr6193B-A-00302-00076344-00076541 on the block grant adjustment
+6qDr6193B-A-00303-00076542-00076787 Arrangements because as you say they are
+6qDr6193B-A-00304-00076788-00077093 complex and it isn't just a factor of
+6qDr6193B-A-00305-00077094-00077273 tax take it's also about how our block
+6qDr6193B-A-00306-00077274-00077512 grant has adjusted as well so that block
+6qDr6193B-A-00307-00077513-00077794 grant adjustment Arrangements also
+6qDr6193B-A-00308-00077795-00078155 called for stakeholder input and and
+6qDr6193B-A-00309-00078156-00078365 that's prior to the broader review of
+6qDr6193B-A-00310-00078366-00078671 the fiscal framework that report is
+6qDr6193B-A-00311-00078672-00078959 written by David Bell David Isa and
+6qDr6193B-A-00312-00078960-00079276 David Phillips so three three names I
+6qDr6193B-A-00313-00079277-00079447 think you may well know
+6qDr6193B-A-00314-00079448-00079793 and and that arrangement for that into
+6qDr6193B-A-00315-00079794-00080117 report are about has been agreed in
+6qDr6193B-A-00316-00080118-00080347 terms of the specification of it jointly
+6qDr6193B-A-00317-00080348-00080644 with Her Majesty's or his money his
+6qDr6193B-A-00318-00080645-00080849 Treasury and the Scottish government
+6qDr6193B-A-00319-00080850-00081299 so that has been one key element to
+6qDr6193B-A-00320-00081300-00081731 actually inform and the discussions are
+6qDr6193B-A-00321-00081732-00082043 now going to be resumed with the new
+6qDr6193B-A-00322-00082044-00082282 Deputy first Minister and the chief
+6qDr6193B-A-00323-00082283-00082432 secretary at the treasury to take that
+6qDr6193B-A-00324-00082433-00082703 forward so it's now moved back into an
+6qDr6193B-A-00325-00082704-00082847 active space
+6qDr6193B-A-00326-00082848-00083137 okay and I'm sure that um academic
+6qDr6193B-A-00327-00083138-00083429 analysis uh will be of use but in the
+6qDr6193B-A-00328-00083430-00083615 end this is a negotiation between two
+6qDr6193B-A-00329-00083616-00083861 governments isn't it so and and it was
+6qDr6193B-A-00330-00083862-00083999 due to be
+6qDr6193B-A-00331-00084000-00084256 um uh concluded I think was it 2020 I
+6qDr6193B-A-00332-00084257-00084400 mean it's this has been on the go for
+6qDr6193B-A-00333-00084401-00084647 quite some time first of all why has
+6qDr6193B-A-00334-00084648-00084773 there been such a delay in that
+6qDr6193B-A-00335-00084774-00085025 negotiation and when now do you expect
+6qDr6193B-A-00336-00085026-00085379 those negotiations to be concluded so um
+6qDr6193B-A-00337-00085380-00085487 you're absolutely right the first
+6qDr6193B-A-00338-00085488-00085769 official framework was a negotiation and
+6qDr6193B-A-00339-00085770-00086026 the review I think very much will be um
+6qDr6193B-A-00340-00086027-00086255 looking at where are the areas that need
+6qDr6193B-A-00341-00086256-00086476 most attention the Scottish government
+6qDr6193B-A-00342-00086477-00086705 will obviously and informed by No Doubt
+6qDr6193B-A-00343-00086706-00086873 lots of discussion that's taken place in
+6qDr6193B-A-00344-00086874-00087017 different committees in the parliament
+6qDr6193B-A-00345-00087018-00087191 will have a view of the particular
+6qDr6193B-A-00346-00087192-00087473 things that are priority and likewise hm
+6qDr6193B-A-00347-00087474-00087706 treasury all I can say is that the
+6qDr6193B-A-00348-00087707-00087935 discussions are now resuming
+6qDr6193B-A-00349-00087936-00088103 um there is not a deadline that's been
+6qDr6193B-A-00350-00088104-00088361 sort of specifically set and agreed and
+6qDr6193B-A-00351-00088362-00088487 obviously we can keep Parliament
+6qDr6193B-A-00352-00088488-00088673 informed as that develops
+6qDr6193B-A-00353-00088674-00088871 okay but again just for the advisors of
+6qDr6193B-A-00354-00088872-00089131 Doubt has have those discussions
+6qDr6193B-A-00355-00089132-00089399 recommenced you said they're going to is
+6qDr6193B-A-00356-00089400-00089609 that a future or a present description
+6qDr6193B-A-00357-00089610-00089753 of it so
+6qDr6193B-A-00358-00089754-00089938 um there has been basically a
+6qDr6193B-A-00359-00089939-00090155 conversation to say that yes we want to
+6qDr6193B-A-00360-00090156-00090449 know put these back on to the agenda so
+6qDr6193B-A-00361-00090450-00090635 those will be starting so you've had
+6qDr6193B-A-00362-00090636-00090881 talks about talks
+6qDr6193B-A-00363-00090882-00091091 um you could put it like that okay right
+6qDr6193B-A-00364-00091092-00091265 let me move on then to another area
+6qDr6193B-A-00365-00091266-00091426 which the committee has been um
+6qDr6193B-A-00366-00091427-00091667 particularly Keen to explore and and
+6qDr6193B-A-00367-00091668-00092021 that is about the implications of a much
+6qDr6193B-A-00368-00092022-00092303 higher inflation economy because
+6qDr6193B-A-00369-00092304-00092555 um one of the consequences of that is
+6qDr6193B-A-00370-00092556-00092929 well one is that people's uh real uh
+6qDr6193B-A-00371-00092930-00093353 terms living standards are in most cases
+6qDr6193B-A-00372-00093354-00093491 being cut
+6qDr6193B-A-00373-00093492-00093773 but on the other side of that equation
+6qDr6193B-A-00374-00093774-00094000 it means that pay settlements have been
+6qDr6193B-A-00375-00094001-00094306 higher and people's earnings
+6qDr6193B-A-00376-00094307-00094487 um not in real terms but in monetary
+6qDr6193B-A-00377-00094488-00094631 terms have been going up which
+6qDr6193B-A-00378-00094632-00094973 presumably has an implication for uh the
+6qDr6193B-A-00379-00094974-00095218 uh income tax collected so maybe I'll
+6qDr6193B-A-00380-00095219-00095399 turn to you Jonathan Athan first of all
+6qDr6193B-A-00381-00095400-00095638 if you could perhaps help us understand
+6qDr6193B-A-00382-00095639-00095891 a bit more uh what the impact of
+6qDr6193B-A-00383-00095892-00096191 inflation has been on the collection of
+6qDr6193B-A-00384-00096192-00096493 Scottish income tax yes so um as you say
+6qDr6193B-A-00385-00096494-00096743 inflation has a sort of two two effects
+6qDr6193B-A-00386-00096744-00096947 I would I would sort of draw out one
+6qDr6193B-A-00387-00096948-00097126 obviously for any administrative
+6qDr6193B-A-00388-00097127-00097367 organization like ours with a fixed
+6qDr6193B-A-00389-00097368-00097559 budget higher inflation means we are
+6qDr6193B-A-00390-00097560-00097894 under more pressure and I would say that
+6qDr6193B-A-00391-00097895-00098267 as as hmrc that is meaning are
+6qDr6193B-A-00392-00098268-00098441 challenges in and offering customer
+6qDr6193B-A-00393-00098442-00098626 service when our cost base is going up
+6qDr6193B-A-00394-00098627-00098855 but our budget has been has been fixed
+6qDr6193B-A-00395-00098856-00099029 so that is one challenge for us as an
+6qDr6193B-A-00396-00099030-00099256 organization but in terms of receipts
+6qDr6193B-A-00397-00099257-00099665 what you've seen um is that most
+6qDr6193B-A-00398-00099666-00099917 thresholds in the income tax system uh
+6qDr6193B-A-00399-00099918-00100055 either in the rest of the UK or in
+6qDr6193B-A-00400-00100056-00100247 Scotland have been fixed or actually
+6qDr6193B-A-00401-00100248-00100505 reduced and with higher inflation
+6qDr6193B-A-00402-00100506-00100768 feeding through into higher nominal wage
+6qDr6193B-A-00403-00100769-00100943 growth that's wage growth before you
+6qDr6193B-A-00404-00100944-00101176 take into account in inflation that
+6qDr6193B-A-00405-00101177-00101381 brings more people into the tax system
+6qDr6193B-A-00406-00101382-00101741 and more people into higher brackets of
+6qDr6193B-A-00407-00101742-00102137 of income income tax so over time this
+6qDr6193B-A-00408-00102138-00102385 this is a process called fiscal drag
+6qDr6193B-A-00409-00102386-00102736 that brings higher receipts in so in
+6qDr6193B-A-00410-00102738-00102989 terms of receipts it is actually a
+6qDr6193B-A-00411-00102990-00103258 positive uh higher inflation feeds
+6qDr6193B-A-00412-00103259-00103547 through into positive elements of
+6qDr6193B-A-00413-00103548-00103673 receipts but there are some challenges
+6qDr6193B-A-00414-00103674-00103908 with that obviously for the taxpayers
+6qDr6193B-A-00415-00103909-00104177 involved they get brought into higher
+6qDr6193B-A-00416-00104178-00104453 tax higher tax brackets and also for
+6qDr6193B-A-00417-00104454-00104656 some element of the tax system we are
+6qDr6193B-A-00418-00104657-00104921 getting more people into more complex
+6qDr6193B-A-00419-00104922-00105107 parts of the tax system
+6qDr6193B-A-00420-00105108-00105575 so an example uh of this is obviously uh
+6qDr6193B-A-00421-00105576-00105778 more people who start to see their
+6qDr6193B-A-00422-00105779-00105977 personal allowance tapered away which
+6qDr6193B-A-00423-00105978-00106151 begins at a hundred thousand a hundred
+6qDr6193B-A-00424-00106152-00106325 thousand pounds and that adds a degree
+6qDr6193B-A-00425-00106326-00106547 of complexity to that that their tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00426-00106548-00106775 Affairs so you're seeing more receipts
+6qDr6193B-A-00427-00106776-00107086 but then also sometimes more cost for or
+6qDr6193B-A-00428-00107088-00107308 for taxpayers in terms of more
+6qDr6193B-A-00429-00107309-00107578 complexity and also sometimes more cost
+6qDr6193B-A-00430-00107579-00107819 for us in administering parts of the tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00431-00107820-00108143 system that require taxpayers to to do
+6qDr6193B-A-00432-00108144-00108371 more to make something they're compliant
+6qDr6193B-A-00433-00108372-00108731 okay I mean the um yeah I mean one of
+6qDr6193B-A-00434-00108732-00108899 the things that we as the um public
+6qDr6193B-A-00435-00108900-00109019 audit Committee of the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00436-00109020-00109204 parliament are interested in is whether
+6qDr6193B-A-00437-00109205-00109397 or not there is any differential fiscal
+6qDr6193B-A-00438-00109398-00109697 drag in Scotland compared to other parts
+6qDr6193B-A-00439-00109698-00109877 of the UK I don't know whether you've
+6qDr6193B-A-00440-00109878-00110093 got any data that would help illuminate
+6qDr6193B-A-00441-00110094-00110321 that for us so uh but part of that will
+6qDr6193B-A-00442-00110322-00110549 be due to the the sort of the sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-00443-00110550-00110716 two two parts two components to that
+6qDr6193B-A-00444-00110717-00110927 fiscal drag uh thinking one is the sort
+6qDr6193B-A-00445-00110928-00111197 of macroeconomic picture and Allison's
+6qDr6193B-A-00446-00111198-00111436 already spoken to to to elements of that
+6qDr6193B-A-00447-00111438-00111719 so if earnings growth is is higher in
+6qDr6193B-A-00448-00111720-00111893 Scotland or or lower in Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-00449-00111894-00112031 compared to the rest of the UK you would
+6qDr6193B-A-00450-00112032-00112199 see either higher levels of fiscal drag
+6qDr6193B-A-00451-00112200-00112528 or or or not and obviously the other
+6qDr6193B-A-00452-00112529-00112739 aspects and just to pick up on the the
+6qDr6193B-A-00453-00112740-00112936 oil and gas industry
+6qDr6193B-A-00454-00112938-00113081 um obviously many of the jobs in the oil
+6qDr6193B-A-00455-00113082-00113308 and gas industry are very highly paid so
+6qDr6193B-A-00456-00113309-00113483 it's not just the average but also the
+6qDr6193B-A-00457-00113483-00113639 distribution so if you're having more
+6qDr6193B-A-00458-00113640-00113752 people at the top of the income
+6qDr6193B-A-00459-00113753-00113933 distribution or fewer because of changes
+6qDr6193B-A-00460-00113933-00114143 in the oil of gas industry that will
+6qDr6193B-A-00461-00114144-00114365 feed through so that's one
+6qDr6193B-A-00462-00114366-00114557 one one element the other element is
+6qDr6193B-A-00463-00114558-00114790 then what's happening with
+6qDr6193B-A-00464-00114791-00114971 um with the personal allowance and then
+6qDr6193B-A-00465-00114972-00115240 the income tax bans and I don't really
+6qDr6193B-A-00466-00115241-00115445 see huge differences in kind of overall
+6qDr6193B-A-00467-00115446-00115619 policies obviously there are more tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00468-00115620-00115834 bands in Scotland but the way they have
+6qDr6193B-A-00469-00115835-00116123 changed has broadly been consistent with
+6qDr6193B-A-00470-00116124-00116260 what's happening in the rest of the UK
+6qDr6193B-A-00471-00116261-00116602 so the additional rate band now starting
+6qDr6193B-A-00472-00116603-00116945 at 125 000 rather than 150 000 that is
+6qDr6193B-A-00473-00116946-00117251 the same in in Scotland as in as in the
+6qDr6193B-A-00474-00117252-00117449 rest of the UK so while the band
+6qDr6193B-A-00475-00117450-00117677 structure is different I don't think
+6qDr6193B-A-00476-00117678-00117766 that's
+6qDr6193B-A-00477-00117767-00118084 having hugely uh to to the fiscal drag
+6qDr6193B-A-00478-00118085-00118373 probably the key key determinant is the
+6qDr6193B-A-00479-00118374-00118595 fact that most bounds and rates are
+6qDr6193B-A-00480-00118596-00118733 Frozen
+6qDr6193B-A-00481-00118733-00119002 um in in in cash terms and also then
+6qDr6193B-A-00482-00119003-00119147 what's happening to the underlying
+6qDr6193B-A-00483-00119148-00119339 economy where again you will see a
+6qDr6193B-A-00484-00119340-00119471 difference between Scotland and the rest
+6qDr6193B-A-00485-00119472-00119639 of the UK for the reasons I wasn't set
+6qDr6193B-A-00486-00119640-00119915 out thanks I mean again
+6qDr6193B-A-00487-00119916-00120119 just to be clear about it I mean do you
+6qDr6193B-A-00488-00120120-00120365 have uh data to back up that analysis
+6qDr6193B-A-00489-00120366-00120628 and to help you reach that conclusion
+6qDr6193B-A-00490-00120629-00120827 that there doesn't appear to be much of
+6qDr6193B-A-00491-00120828-00121013 a differential impact in Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-00492-00121014-00121186 compared to the rest of the UK we will
+6qDr6193B-A-00493-00121188-00121493 certainly see that in our turn part of
+6qDr6193B-A-00494-00121494-00121763 the challenge with uh the tax system and
+6qDr6193B-A-00495-00121764-00122075 it's something Allison alluded to is
+6qDr6193B-A-00496-00122076-00122290 that for paye we get data on a regular
+6qDr6193B-A-00497-00122291-00122531 basis and actually that that data is
+6qDr6193B-A-00498-00122532-00122836 reported uh monthly
+6qDr6193B-A-00499-00122838-00123071 um now and there's some various
+6qDr6193B-A-00500-00123072-00123310 cuts of that data is now now available
+6qDr6193B-A-00501-00123311-00123586 some of that is now being provided uh to
+6qDr6193B-A-00502-00123588-00123797 to to the Scottish government but the
+6qDr6193B-A-00503-00123798-00124060 challenge is with self-assessment income
+6qDr6193B-A-00504-00124061-00124289 tax we do not get people's
+6qDr6193B-A-00505-00124290-00124504 self-assessment tax returns until sort
+6qDr6193B-A-00506-00124505-00124678 of nine or ten months after the year in
+6qDr6193B-A-00507-00124679-00125004 question so while inflation is high now
+6qDr6193B-A-00508-00125005-00125297 uh we won't get the final uh with the
+6qDr6193B-A-00509-00125298-00125554 self-assessment tax returns for 22.23
+6qDr6193B-A-00510-00125555-00125908 until January 24 so some of that data is
+6qDr6193B-A-00511-00125909-00126101 always lagged and particularly when
+6qDr6193B-A-00512-00126102-00126371 we're talking about higher income groups
+6qDr6193B-A-00513-00126372-00126563 self-assessment is very important for
+6qDr6193B-A-00514-00126564-00126778 those for for those groups so we will
+6qDr6193B-A-00515-00126779-00127060 have some data for paye but the data for
+6qDr6193B-A-00516-00127061-00127204 self-assessment will inevitably be
+6qDr6193B-A-00517-00127205-00127343 lagged but once that's it once that's
+6qDr6193B-A-00518-00127344-00127516 there you can then do that sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-00519-00127517-00127690 analysis yes
+6qDr6193B-A-00520-00127691-00127936 so again just one final question in this
+6qDr6193B-A-00521-00127938-00128057 area
+6qDr6193B-A-00522-00128058-00128345 um do you expect there to be
+6qDr6193B-A-00523-00128346-00128578 um a higher level of income tax per head
+6qDr6193B-A-00524-00128579-00128927 in Scotland as a result of this process
+6qDr6193B-A-00525-00128928-00129208 of fiscal drag wages going up inflation
+6qDr6193B-A-00526-00129209-00129484 rising and so on yes we would see
+6qDr6193B-A-00527-00129485-00129652 um you know depending on whether the
+6qDr6193B-A-00528-00129653-00129851 denominator is everyone working in
+6qDr6193B-A-00529-00129852-00129995 Scotland or everyone with the incoming
+6qDr6193B-A-00530-00129996-00130199 score income in Scotland you would
+6qDr6193B-A-00531-00130200-00130534 expect to see sort of tax per
+6qDr6193B-A-00532-00130535-00130816 Capital Income Tax per capita grow over
+6qDr6193B-A-00533-00130817-00131021 time because of these elements of fiscal
+6qDr6193B-A-00534-00131022-00131327 drag now the only caveat to that is what
+6qDr6193B-A-00535-00131328-00131585 happens to employment at the moment
+6qDr6193B-A-00536-00131586-00131771 employment is staying relatively
+6qDr6193B-A-00537-00131772-00132004 relatively robust but if there are
+6qDr6193B-A-00538-00132005-00132166 changes in employment then that might
+6qDr6193B-A-00539-00132167-00132437 might change it but other things equal
+6qDr6193B-A-00540-00132438-00132754 fiscal drag will increase the the tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00541-00132755-00133114 take per capita or per worker
+6qDr6193B-A-00542-00133115-00133397 okay thank you um we are a bit pressed
+6qDr6193B-A-00543-00133398-00133595 at times so I'm going to move on now to
+6qDr6193B-A-00544-00133596-00133793 another area that's been of special
+6qDr6193B-A-00545-00133794-00134002 interest to the committee and uh Craig
+6qDr6193B-A-00546-00134003-00134140 how he's going to ask about that Craig
+6qDr6193B-A-00547-00134141-00134327 thank you I can feel it and good morning
+6qDr6193B-A-00548-00134328-00134614 I'm obviously in the in recent years the
+6qDr6193B-A-00549-00134615-00134752 main concern in Scotland has been the
+6qDr6193B-A-00550-00134753-00134951 different thresholds and uh in relation
+6qDr6193B-A-00551-00134952-00135113 to tax but now we're getting different
+6qDr6193B-A-00552-00135114-00135407 rates uh potentially uh impacting
+6qDr6193B-A-00553-00135408-00135640 behavioral patterns I just wanted to put
+6qDr6193B-A-00554-00135641-00135773 very quickly to just four quick
+6qDr6193B-A-00555-00135774-00135916 scenarios just to make sure that my mind
+6qDr6193B-A-00556-00135917-00136145 is correct and perhaps to assist anybody
+6qDr6193B-A-00557-00136146-00136283 who's watching assuming if somebody's
+6qDr6193B-A-00558-00136284-00136528 living in Berwick upon Tweed but working
+6qDr6193B-A-00559-00136529-00136702 in Edinburgh and commuting into to
+6qDr6193B-A-00560-00136703-00136961 Scotland uh to to do their job they
+6qDr6193B-A-00561-00136962-00137177 wouldn't require an S tax code is that
+6qDr6193B-A-00562-00137178-00137399 correct as long as they're they are
+6qDr6193B-A-00563-00137400-00137675 properly resident in in Beric yes that
+6qDr6193B-A-00564-00137676-00137801 would be the uh that would be the case
+6qDr6193B-A-00565-00137802-00137914 fine
+6qDr6193B-A-00566-00137915-00138119 um and if the um if somebody was living
+6qDr6193B-A-00567-00138120-00138395 in in Beric and working remotely for a
+6qDr6193B-A-00568-00138396-00138664 Scottish company again it would be
+6qDr6193B-A-00569-00138665-00138827 entirely applicable for them to have a
+6qDr6193B-A-00570-00138828-00139102 UK tax yes it is where they are ready
+6qDr6193B-A-00571-00139103-00139385 didn't rather than where they are
+6qDr6193B-A-00572-00139386-00139649 working that determines broadly speaking
+6qDr6193B-A-00573-00139650-00139813 there are some exceptions
+6qDr6193B-A-00574-00139814-00140063 but broadly speaking for most people is
+6qDr6193B-A-00575-00140064-00140285 residents obviously there are special
+6qDr6193B-A-00576-00140286-00140527 rules for example for MPS representing
+6qDr6193B-A-00577-00140528-00140831 Scotland uh Scottish constituencies in
+6qDr6193B-A-00578-00140832-00141114 Westminster for example so yeah but
+6qDr6193B-A-00579-00141115-00141401 including those special cases it is
+6qDr6193B-A-00580-00141402-00141575 mainly based on residents and if I was
+6qDr6193B-A-00581-00141576-00141695 the chief executive of a Scottish bank
+6qDr6193B-A-00582-00141696-00141863 but lived in London and commuted up from
+6qDr6193B-A-00583-00141864-00142043 London and stayed in a hotel five days a
+6qDr6193B-A-00584-00142044-00142211 week even otherwise we're spending more
+6qDr6193B-A-00585-00142212-00142445 time in Scotland than England I would
+6qDr6193B-A-00586-00142446-00142654 still be resident in England I would
+6qDr6193B-A-00587-00142655-00142902 need to look at the very detailed
+6qDr6193B-A-00588-00142903-00143237 rules about what determines residents we
+6qDr6193B-A-00589-00143238-00143416 have got specific rules for specific
+6qDr6193B-A-00590-00143417-00143597 circumstances so there might well be
+6qDr6193B-A-00591-00143598-00143825 cases where people because they are over
+6qDr6193B-A-00592-00143826-00143957 the amount of time they're spending in
+6qDr6193B-A-00593-00143958-00144178 Scotland could be deemed to be residents
+6qDr6193B-A-00594-00144179-00144311 not necessarily just linked to where
+6qDr6193B-A-00595-00144312-00144487 your primary residences
+6qDr6193B-A-00596-00144488-00144785 again it's it's uh we look at residents
+6qDr6193B-A-00597-00144786-00145054 in the round essentially
+6qDr6193B-A-00598-00145055-00145181 um and there are a number of tests we
+6qDr6193B-A-00599-00145182-00145402 would look at around that and there are
+6qDr6193B-A-00600-00145403-00145619 obviously detailed rules given people's
+6qDr6193B-A-00601-00145620-00145816 different circumstances
+6qDr6193B-A-00602-00145817-00145954 um obviously also you've got people for
+6qDr6193B-A-00603-00145955-00146099 example who spent a lot of time offshore
+6qDr6193B-A-00604-00146100-00146297 for example as well so we need to have
+6qDr6193B-A-00605-00146298-00146501 special particular rules to catch a wide
+6qDr6193B-A-00606-00146502-00146764 range of of purposes but you could have
+6qDr6193B-A-00607-00146765-00147052 somebody who as you say lives in lives
+6qDr6193B-A-00608-00147053-00147233 in uh lives in the rest of the UK but
+6qDr6193B-A-00609-00147234-00147419 spends a large proportion of their time
+6qDr6193B-A-00610-00147420-00147659 in Scotland who could be who would be
+6qDr6193B-A-00611-00147660-00147928 considered resident uh outside Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-00612-00147929-00148145 okay fine and the reason I improve this
+6qDr6193B-A-00613-00148146-00148301 scenariosity is just poor School
+6qDr6193B-A-00614-00148302-00148457 obviously behavioral patterns and
+6qDr6193B-A-00615-00148458-00148631 working patterns have changed quite
+6qDr6193B-A-00616-00148632-00148769 dramatically and you no longer have to
+6qDr6193B-A-00617-00148770-00148907 live near to your work and remote
+6qDr6193B-A-00618-00148908-00149164 working is far more common to what
+6qDr6193B-A-00619-00149165-00149428 extent are you or either governments
+6qDr6193B-A-00620-00149429-00149561 looking at the impact of remote working
+6qDr6193B-A-00621-00149562-00149740 in relation to the operation of the tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00622-00149741-00149993 system so um obviously remote working
+6qDr6193B-A-00623-00149994-00150143 has a number of different different
+6qDr6193B-A-00624-00150144-00150299 aspects
+6qDr6193B-A-00625-00150300-00150587 um uh to to to to to to
+6qDr6193B-A-00626-00150588-00150947 um affecting income tax um and so it's
+6qDr6193B-A-00627-00150948-00151277 much why than simply kind of where where
+6qDr6193B-A-00628-00151278-00151427 you where you live there are a number of
+6qDr6193B-A-00629-00151428-00151702 sort of rules around benefits and kind
+6qDr6193B-A-00630-00151703-00151852 and other other such things that are
+6qDr6193B-A-00631-00151853-00152033 very very important so there is a number
+6qDr6193B-A-00632-00152034-00152266 of aspects to which this new way of
+6qDr6193B-A-00633-00152267-00152452 working is going to affect affect affect
+6qDr6193B-A-00634-00152453-00152711 tax one of the things we are doing is we
+6qDr6193B-A-00635-00152712-00153028 are building a longitudinal data set
+6qDr6193B-A-00636-00153029-00153197 because we are very keen to make certain
+6qDr6193B-A-00637-00153198-00153478 we understand what patterns have how how
+6qDr6193B-A-00638-00153479-00153701 Behavior changes over time and as you
+6qDr6193B-A-00639-00153702-00153911 said particularly with changing rates we
+6qDr6193B-A-00640-00153912-00154116 want to understand kind of longitudinal
+6qDr6193B-A-00641-00154117-00154373 studies so kind of understanding who's
+6qDr6193B-A-00642-00154374-00154540 currently registered as a Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00643-00154541-00154775 taxpayer and how that changes over time
+6qDr6193B-A-00644-00154776-00155063 so that will allow us to monitor what
+6qDr6193B-A-00645-00155064-00155309 happens uh with with the number of
+6qDr6193B-A-00646-00155310-00155537 people who are Scottish taxpayers and
+6qDr6193B-A-00647-00155538-00155728 what happens to them so we will be able
+6qDr6193B-A-00648-00155729-00156047 to monitor those uh those those sorts of
+6qDr6193B-A-00649-00156048-00156304 patterns we will also see it I think
+6qDr6193B-A-00650-00156305-00156485 through uh
+6qDr6193B-A-00651-00156486-00156671 through more generally
+6qDr6193B-A-00652-00156672-00156893 um uh patterns in and you know some of
+6qDr6193B-A-00653-00156894-00157114 the postcode matching we already do so
+6qDr6193B-A-00654-00157115-00157313 we'll be looking at looking at that
+6qDr6193B-A-00655-00157314-00157493 some of this I think and I was
+6qDr6193B-A-00656-00157494-00157673 reflecting on this earlier will also
+6qDr6193B-A-00657-00157674-00157901 depend on on how employers understand
+6qDr6193B-A-00658-00157902-00158111 the operation of Scottish income tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00659-00158112-00158249 system
+6qDr6193B-A-00660-00158250-00158411 um if they are better understanding that
+6qDr6193B-A-00661-00158412-00158566 they'll be better able to keep records
+6qDr6193B-A-00662-00158567-00158716 up to date so there are a number of ways
+6qDr6193B-A-00663-00158717-00158861 we'll be able to monitor monitor this
+6qDr6193B-A-00664-00158862-00159059 but I'm hoping the longitudinal data in
+6qDr6193B-A-00665-00159060-00159197 particular will allow us to understand
+6qDr6193B-A-00666-00159198-00159425 what happens over time and what are
+6qDr6193B-A-00667-00159426-00159689 those kind of emerging uh Trends and
+6qDr6193B-A-00668-00159690-00159821 what is the emerging evidence telling
+6qDr6193B-A-00669-00159822-00159976 you about behavioral patterns in
+6qDr6193B-A-00670-00159977-00160163 Scotland is it is it too early to
+6qDr6193B-A-00671-00160164-00160295 capture anything or can we see for
+6qDr6193B-A-00672-00160296-00160439 example that people aren't taking
+6qDr6193B-A-00673-00160440-00160564 promotion or aren't doing the extra
+6qDr6193B-A-00674-00160565-00160804 shift because the rate of tax perhaps so
+6qDr6193B-A-00675-00160805-00161063 discouraging them so at the moment we're
+6qDr6193B-A-00676-00161064-00161333 not seeing I think anything particularly
+6qDr6193B-A-00677-00161334-00161537 um marked in terms of behavior in
+6qDr6193B-A-00678-00161538-00161693 Scotland that we would not expect to see
+6qDr6193B-A-00679-00161694-00162016 else elsewhere in the in in the UK so
+6qDr6193B-A-00680-00162017-00162221 Scottish fiscal commission obviously
+6qDr6193B-A-00681-00162222-00162604 does the forecasts and also costs to use
+6qDr6193B-A-00682-00162605-00162923 the jargon how much additional Revenue
+6qDr6193B-A-00683-00162924-00163169 tax rates will have been brought in they
+6qDr6193B-A-00684-00163170-00163471 make judgments about how people respond
+6qDr6193B-A-00685-00163472-00163771 uh to higher tax rates whether that's
+6qDr6193B-A-00686-00163772-00164125 changing their tax planning Behavior or
+6qDr6193B-A-00687-00164126-00164440 changing for example their economic
+6qDr6193B-A-00688-00164441-00164609 activity not taking a promotion those
+6qDr6193B-A-00689-00164610-00164795 sorts of things so that will already be
+6qDr6193B-A-00690-00164796-00165226 factored into uh into the the that that
+6qDr6193B-A-00691-00165227-00165443 analysis is something we sort of look at
+6qDr6193B-A-00692-00165444-00165695 more generally across the whole of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00693-00165696-00165935 the UK tax system when there are changes
+6qDr6193B-A-00694-00165936-00166247 we make allowances for Behavioral change
+6qDr6193B-A-00695-00166248-00166409 and as I said that behavioral change is
+6qDr6193B-A-00696-00166410-00166601 not always just economic change but can
+6qDr6193B-A-00697-00166602-00166854 be changes in people's tax planning
+6qDr6193B-A-00698-00166855-00167099 planning Affairs but again that will all
+6qDr6193B-A-00699-00167100-00167345 be monitor be able to be monitored
+6qDr6193B-A-00700-00167346-00167476 um you know you'll be able to evaluate
+6qDr6193B-A-00701-00167477-00167699 that by looking at changing patterns or
+6qDr6193B-A-00702-00167700-00167951 of receipts and there has been some work
+6qDr6193B-A-00703-00167952-00168059 already been done
+6qDr6193B-A-00704-00168060-00168304 uh in connection uh I think the Fraser
+6qDr6193B-A-00705-00168305-00168539 Island Institute to look at some of
+6qDr6193B-A-00706-00168540-00168749 these behavioral responses would it be
+6qDr6193B-A-00707-00168750-00168863 fair to see that the greeted the
+6qDr6193B-A-00708-00168864-00169019 Divergence the greater risk is that
+6qDr6193B-A-00709-00169020-00169181 people's behavioral patterns do start to
+6qDr6193B-A-00710-00169182-00169451 change yes I I as I said in my opening
+6qDr6193B-A-00711-00169452-00169607 opening remarks
+6qDr6193B-A-00712-00169608-00169835 um obviously with the financial year
+6qDr6193B-A-00713-00169836-00170026 just just beginning the the differential
+6qDr6193B-A-00714-00170027-00170189 in the additional rate has gone from one
+6qDr6193B-A-00715-00170190-00170459 percent to two percent and obviously for
+6qDr6193B-A-00716-00170460-00170704 very highly remunerated uh individuals
+6qDr6193B-A-00717-00170705-00171095 uh that could uh amount to to a you know
+6qDr6193B-A-00718-00171096-00171197 significant amount of additional
+6qDr6193B-A-00719-00171198-00171425 additional tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00720-00171426-00171575 um and one of the things we need to be
+6qDr6193B-A-00721-00171576-00171754 mindful of is kind of are we seeing
+6qDr6193B-A-00722-00171755-00172085 behavioral change are we seeing uh
+6qDr6193B-A-00723-00172086-00172301 concern you know in particular
+6qDr6193B-A-00724-00172302-00172457 what we would be interested in in
+6qDr6193B-A-00725-00172458-00172625 particular is non-compliance people
+6qDr6193B-A-00726-00172626-00172847 trying to present themselves as being
+6qDr6193B-A-00727-00172848-00173063 resident outside Scotland when they are
+6qDr6193B-A-00728-00173064-00173195 actually resident in Scotland that would
+6qDr6193B-A-00729-00173196-00173416 be a key concern for us or whether it
+6qDr6193B-A-00730-00173417-00173740 drives other forms of non-compliance
+6qDr6193B-A-00731-00173741-00174047 um and as I said as an organization we
+6qDr6193B-A-00732-00174048-00174283 experience lots of
+6qDr6193B-A-00733-00174284-00174599 unfortunate creativity in how people try
+6qDr6193B-A-00734-00174600-00174839 and circumvent their tax obligations and
+6qDr6193B-A-00735-00174840-00175078 we need to be on top of that obviously
+6qDr6193B-A-00736-00175079-00175402 um the discussion around the impact and
+6qDr6193B-A-00737-00175403-00175625 this uh this whether it's sensible to
+6qDr6193B-A-00738-00175626-00175721 have
+6qDr6193B-A-00739-00175722-00175978 um very diversion tax rates is effective
+6qDr6193B-A-00740-00175979-00176176 romantic from ministers but then Alison
+6qDr6193B-A-00741-00176177-00176435 if you perhaps want to comment upon what
+6qDr6193B-A-00742-00176436-00176602 work is being undertaken because
+6qDr6193B-A-00743-00176603-00176902 presumably it could be that we only find
+6qDr6193B-A-00744-00176903-00177064 out once about the problem once it's too
+6qDr6193B-A-00745-00177065-00177221 late that too many upper re-tax pairs
+6qDr6193B-A-00746-00177222-00177407 are moved or too many individuals are
+6qDr6193B-A-00747-00177408-00177581 Incorporated and therefore all of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00748-00177582-00177749 tax receipts go to the UK government
+6qDr6193B-A-00749-00177750-00177923 rather than the Scottish government so
+6qDr6193B-A-00750-00177924-00178093 what work is presently been undertaken
+6qDr6193B-A-00751-00178094-00178373 to uh make sure we're alert to the fact
+6qDr6193B-A-00752-00178374-00178637 that we don't uh come to this issue once
+6qDr6193B-A-00753-00178638-00178769 it's too late and it has a material
+6qDr6193B-A-00754-00178770-00179099 impact on tax receipts in Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-00755-00179100-00179416 one of the particular key things is
+6qDr6193B-A-00756-00179417-00179645 actually it's still drawing on evidence
+6qDr6193B-A-00757-00179646-00179914 that was done looking at when Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-00758-00179915-00180202 introduced the five tax bans that was a
+6qDr6193B-A-00759-00180203-00180635 a major change a major policy shift to a
+6qDr6193B-A-00760-00180636-00180899 more progressive tax regime here in
+6qDr6193B-A-00761-00180900-00180995 Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-00762-00180996-00181276 and as Jonathan was mentioning that
+6qDr6193B-A-00763-00181277-00181559 involved academics from the Fraser of
+6qDr6193B-A-00764-00181560-00181769 allender but other institutes as well it
+6qDr6193B-A-00765-00181770-00181990 was a collaboration across hmrc and the
+6qDr6193B-A-00766-00181991-00182225 Scottish government
+6qDr6193B-A-00767-00182226-00182578 um and that's uh policy evaluation
+6qDr6193B-A-00768-00182579-00182819 um actually was a it was a published
+6qDr6193B-A-00769-00182820-00183016 policy evaluation so that's available
+6qDr6193B-A-00770-00183017-00183238 for all to see
+6qDr6193B-A-00771-00183239-00183478 um and interesting enough as well when
+6qDr6193B-A-00772-00183479-00183766 we look at the even more recently the
+6qDr6193B-A-00773-00183767-00183983 use of the independent expert panel
+6qDr6193B-A-00774-00183984-00184252 which was commissioned in November last
+6qDr6193B-A-00775-00184253-00184552 year that was to reflect on what had
+6qDr6193B-A-00776-00184553-00184847 been set out in the emergency budget and
+6qDr6193B-A-00777-00184848-00185123 the tax changes in the UK government
+6qDr6193B-A-00778-00185124-00185501 around that time that the empirical
+6qDr6193B-A-00779-00185502-00185728 studies suggest that tax induced
+6qDr6193B-A-00780-00185729-00185963 cross-border migration is small in
+6qDr6193B-A-00781-00185964-00186209 magnitude and that is certainly the case
+6qDr6193B-A-00782-00186210-00186409 that was coming through in the
+6qDr6193B-A-00783-00186410-00186725 2018-19 income tax policy change found
+6qDr6193B-A-00784-00186726-00186881 that there was no evidence of
+6qDr6193B-A-00785-00186882-00187126 significant behavioral change from that
+6qDr6193B-A-00786-00187127-00187423 perspective I mean as Jonathan says
+6qDr6193B-A-00787-00187424-00187751 there are people who are at the higher
+6qDr6193B-A-00788-00187752-00188128 end of the earning Spectrum can afford
+6qDr6193B-A-00789-00188129-00188495 to pay for advice and can legitimately
+6qDr6193B-A-00790-00188496-00188747 change their tax Affairs those
+6qDr6193B-A-00791-00188748-00188969 behavioral factors are taken into
+6qDr6193B-A-00792-00188970-00189245 account they're taken into account when
+6qDr6193B-A-00793-00189246-00189466 policies are being shaped with the
+6qDr6193B-A-00794-00189467-00189688 estimates that we have but equally in
+6qDr6193B-A-00795-00189689-00189911 the information that we all see
+6qDr6193B-A-00796-00189912-00190175 government and Parliament at the same
+6qDr6193B-A-00797-00190176-00190343 time from the Scottish fiscal commission
+6qDr6193B-A-00798-00190344-00190685 about those behavioral impacts so um as
+6qDr6193B-A-00799-00190686-00190888 I say the the most dramatic change in
+6qDr6193B-A-00800-00190889-00190985 the tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00801-00190986-00191257 shape and Landscape in Scotland was in
+6qDr6193B-A-00802-00191258-00191543 2018-19 and that's given us then a sort
+6qDr6193B-A-00803-00191544-00191771 of further basis to work through and the
+6qDr6193B-A-00804-00191772-00191951 where that was helpful in terms of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00805-00191952-00192245 collaboration with hmrc and ourselves is
+6qDr6193B-A-00806-00192246-00192383 that it was
+6qDr6193B-A-00807-00192384-00192683 um it was against a fairly static
+6qDr6193B-A-00808-00192684-00192959 environment in the rest of the UK so
+6qDr6193B-A-00809-00192960-00193145 that gave us you know some of the the
+6qDr6193B-A-00810-00193146-00193337 better insights at that particular point
+6qDr6193B-A-00811-00193338-00193721 in time as Jonathan's explained the the
+6qDr6193B-A-00812-00193722-00194107 actual impacts compared with the sfcs
+6qDr6193B-A-00813-00194108-00194357 assessment of those impacts will only
+6qDr6193B-A-00814-00194358-00194597 really be tested by the time we actually
+6qDr6193B-A-00815-00194598-00194873 get those outputs but um so there is
+6qDr6193B-A-00816-00194874-00194993 there is a risk that there's a sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-00817-00194994-00195131 lag here and that actually public
+6qDr6193B-A-00818-00195132-00195299 policies continuing to go in the more
+6qDr6193B-A-00819-00195300-00195521 Progressive higher tax Direction but
+6qDr6193B-A-00820-00195522-00195652 actually the impact of it wouldn't
+6qDr6193B-A-00821-00195653-00195851 actually be felt until two or three
+6qDr6193B-A-00822-00195852-00196097 years after any fiscal changes taking
+6qDr6193B-A-00823-00196098-00196301 place all I would say is that Aaron
+6qDr6193B-A-00824-00196302-00196451 Jonathan may wish to comment as well
+6qDr6193B-A-00825-00196452-00196576 from the point of view of the the
+6qDr6193B-A-00826-00196577-00196828 analysis work that you do South of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00827-00196829-00197081 Border as well but I mean that's very
+6qDr6193B-A-00828-00197082-00197357 much the sort of area though that the
+6qDr6193B-A-00829-00197358-00197604 Scottish fiscal commission look at
+6qDr6193B-A-00830-00197605-00197945 there is sort of data feeds that are
+6qDr6193B-A-00831-00197946-00198185 around the surveys of personal income
+6qDr6193B-A-00832-00198186-00198599 they are on a more regular basis and
+6qDr6193B-A-00833-00198600-00198899 there is a particular feed of data that
+6qDr6193B-A-00834-00198900-00199116 can go to the Scottish fiscal commission
+6qDr6193B-A-00835-00199117-00199385 it's just put and I'm now trying to
+6qDr6193B-A-00836-00199386-00199511 remember what all the initials stands
+6qDr6193B-A-00837-00199512-00199699 for but someone will tell me from hmrc
+6qDr6193B-A-00838-00199700-00200057 but so there there are other sources of
+6qDr6193B-A-00839-00200058-00200254 data that the Scottish fiscal commission
+6qDr6193B-A-00840-00200255-00200650 draw on so that there's a combination of
+6qDr6193B-A-00841-00200651-00200969 looking at history looking at those more
+6qDr6193B-A-00842-00200970-00201347 recent survey data feeds and also then
+6qDr6193B-A-00843-00201348-00201604 obviously we'll be doing that post
+6qDr6193B-A-00844-00201605-00201797 evaluation as well
+6qDr6193B-A-00845-00201798-00202000 just in terms of the overall Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00846-00202001-00202181 tax base there is a heavy Reliance and a
+6qDr6193B-A-00847-00202182-00202414 very small number of operate taxpayers
+6qDr6193B-A-00848-00202415-00202540 and it wouldn't take too many at the
+6qDr6193B-A-00849-00202541-00202775 high end to quite significantly distort
+6qDr6193B-A-00850-00202776-00203045 the overall tax take to what extent do
+6qDr6193B-A-00851-00203046-00203225 you think this should be on Minister's
+6qDr6193B-A-00852-00203226-00203464 radar both in terms of Behavioral change
+6qDr6193B-A-00853-00203465-00203735 but also the impact of both Inward and
+6qDr6193B-A-00854-00203736-00203885 outward migration fewer people coming
+6qDr6193B-A-00855-00203886-00204095 here and perhaps more higher rate
+6qDr6193B-A-00856-00204096-00204340 taxpayers leaving if that differential
+6qDr6193B-A-00857-00204341-00204569 becomes too significant are you picking
+6qDr6193B-A-00858-00204570-00204700 up that ministers are alert to the
+6qDr6193B-A-00859-00204701-00204886 potential double risks that could have a
+6qDr6193B-A-00860-00204887-00205114 high impact on the particularly the
+6qDr6193B-A-00861-00205115-00205336 upper rate tax take in Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-00862-00205337-00205529 um so as I say in terms of that sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-00863-00205530-00205721 geographical shift
+6qDr6193B-A-00864-00205721-00205981 both in terms of what was a more recent
+6qDr6193B-A-00865-00205982-00206219 commentary from the experts last
+6qDr6193B-A-00866-00206219-00206538 November and also that what we've seen
+6qDr6193B-A-00867-00206539-00206879 that geographical shift of place to live
+6qDr6193B-A-00868-00206880-00207094 and as we know people base their
+6qDr6193B-A-00869-00207096-00207305 decisions on where to live and work on a
+6qDr6193B-A-00870-00207306-00207634 range of factors not just tax so at this
+6qDr6193B-A-00871-00207635-00207796 you know with the data that we have at
+6qDr6193B-A-00872-00207798-00208057 the moment that's not something that is
+6qDr6193B-A-00873-00208058-00208355 borne out by these other independent
+6qDr6193B-A-00874-00208356-00208625 assessments but like you say
+6qDr6193B-A-00875-00208626-00208871 um there's there's a huge emphasis if
+6qDr6193B-A-00876-00208871-00209182 you look at the national
+6qDr6193B-A-00877-00209183-00209455 strategy on economic transformation
+6qDr6193B-A-00878-00209456-00209698 there is an emphasis within that about
+6qDr6193B-A-00879-00209700-00209873 actually recognizing the role of
+6qDr6193B-A-00880-00209873-00210148 entrepreneurs and how actually and we've
+6qDr6193B-A-00881-00210150-00210341 seen very recently over these last few
+6qDr6193B-A-00882-00210342-00210569 weeks some real successes of inward
+6qDr6193B-A-00883-00210569-00210803 investment into Scotland the inward
+6qDr6193B-A-00884-00210804-00211055 investment statistics that are produced
+6qDr6193B-A-00885-00211056-00211319 separately by ey you know we're showing
+6qDr6193B-A-00886-00211319-00211691 that that is still a vibrant space so I
+6qDr6193B-A-00887-00211692-00211877 think there are other activities other
+6qDr6193B-A-00888-00211878-00212039 things that are happening in Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-00889-00212040-00212242 that's not that's a more holistic
+6qDr6193B-A-00890-00212244-00212555 approach and not just looking at tax and
+6qDr6193B-A-00891-00212556-00212701 all of these things are obviously
+6qDr6193B-A-00892-00212702-00212956 important to ministers as they shape how
+6qDr6193B-A-00893-00212957-00213358 we can in effect raise money in a
+6qDr6193B-A-00894-00213359-00213641 progressive manner to support the
+6qDr6193B-A-00895-00213642-00213839 valuable investment in public services
+6qDr6193B-A-00896-00213840-00214246 across Scotland okay thank you very much
+6qDr6193B-A-00897-00214248-00214427 well directly generally you're in danger
+6qDr6193B-A-00898-00214428-00214619 there of straying into an area of policy
+6qDr6193B-A-00899-00214619-00214763 which is of great interest to me which
+6qDr6193B-A-00900-00214764-00214937 is the extent to which we have to rely
+6qDr6193B-A-00901-00214938-00215134 on foreign direct investment versus the
+6qDr6193B-A-00902-00215135-00215279 extent to which we are boosting our
+6qDr6193B-A-00903-00215280-00215513 indigenous business space but that's not
+6qDr6193B-A-00904-00215514-00215771 for the small next conversation uh
+6qDr6193B-A-00905-00215771-00216089 yeah absolutely any any time
+6qDr6193B-A-00906-00216090-00216251 um Bill Kidd has got some questions to
+6qDr6193B-A-00907-00216252-00216491 put to you around transparency Bill yes
+6qDr6193B-A-00908-00216492-00216694 um thanks very much
+6qDr6193B-A-00909-00216696-00216965 um no over injecting the wee bit of
+6qDr6193B-A-00910-00216966-00217246 excitement into the morning and having a
+6qDr6193B-A-00911-00217248-00217384 couple of questions about Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00912-00217385-00217606 income tax administration because that's
+6qDr6193B-A-00913-00217607-00217858 always something to get you on your toes
+6qDr6193B-A-00914-00217859-00218008 um so
+6qDr6193B-A-00915-00218009-00218237 the committee is already familiar with
+6qDr6193B-A-00916-00218238-00218494 this service level agreement
+6qDr6193B-A-00917-00218496-00218621 um between the Scottish government and
+6qDr6193B-A-00918-00218621-00218896 hmrc and that's publicly available and
+6qDr6193B-A-00919-00218898-00219131 reviewed annually and changed as
+6qDr6193B-A-00920-00219132-00219275 necessary
+6qDr6193B-A-00921-00219276-00219371 um
+6qDr6193B-A-00922-00219371-00219694 so I'm wondering whether
+6qDr6193B-A-00923-00219696-00219953 um the terms of reference of the board
+6qDr6193B-A-00924-00219954-00220181 or details of meetings and minutes of
+6qDr6193B-A-00925-00220182-00220456 the board are publicly are available at
+6qDr6193B-A-00926-00220457-00220708 least that was wondered um and asked and
+6qDr6193B-A-00927-00220709-00220973 the answer that was given to us was that
+6qDr6193B-A-00928-00220973-00221315 there were no details of the income tax
+6qDr6193B-A-00929-00221316-00221753 board on minutes and the public domain
+6qDr6193B-A-00930-00221754-00221848 um
+6qDr6193B-A-00931-00221850-00222263 and can we ask uh
+6qDr6193B-A-00932-00222264-00222587 in terms of this why is there no
+6qDr6193B-A-00933-00222588-00222760 publicly available information on the
+6qDr6193B-A-00934-00222761-00223013 Scottish income tax board and would it
+6qDr6193B-A-00935-00223014-00223282 be possible to publish details around
+6qDr6193B-A-00936-00223283-00223558 agenda items and minutes from the
+6qDr6193B-A-00937-00223559-00224117 Scottish income tax boards meetings
+6qDr6193B-A-00938-00224117-00224296 what's your question obviously Donaldson
+6qDr6193B-A-00939-00224298-00224542 can come in as well if if uh if helpful
+6qDr6193B-A-00940-00224544-00224705 so
+6qDr6193B-A-00941-00224706-00224921 um just to say and update the committee
+6qDr6193B-A-00942-00224921-00225232 today both hmrc and the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00943-00225233-00225455 government are content to publish the
+6qDr6193B-A-00944-00225456-00225760 minutes from future board meetings to
+6qDr6193B-A-00945-00225761-00226013 help as you say the transparency of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00946-00226014-00226223 governance Arrangements of Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-00947-00226223-00226487 income tax so we'll start publishing
+6qDr6193B-A-00948-00226488-00226758 from the current tax year
+6qDr6193B-A-00949-00226759-00227053 2023-24 I'm sure you'll appreciate the
+6qDr6193B-A-00950-00227054-00227284 appropriate governance that minutes will
+6qDr6193B-A-00951-00227285-00227494 obviously go to the subsequent meeting
+6qDr6193B-A-00952-00227496-00227692 for approval and agreement I'm sure it's
+6qDr6193B-A-00953-00227694-00227873 something that you adopt as good
+6qDr6193B-A-00954-00227873-00228167 practice within the committee here so it
+6qDr6193B-A-00955-00228167-00228358 will be during this this year that those
+6qDr6193B-A-00956-00228359-00228551 minutes will be made available and
+6qDr6193B-A-00957-00228552-00228725 obviously as part of that it will be
+6qDr6193B-A-00958-00228726-00228934 clear then in terms of attendance who
+6qDr6193B-A-00959-00228935-00229096 the members and what have you are of the
+6qDr6193B-A-00960-00229098-00229306 board okay
+6qDr6193B-A-00961-00229307-00229427 um well that's that's perfectly
+6qDr6193B-A-00962-00229428-00229732 reasonable and just um so that's within
+6qDr6193B-A-00963-00229733-00230098 a year of this tax year anyway yes
+6qDr6193B-A-00964-00230100-00230153 um
+6qDr6193B-A-00965-00230154-00230369 and the interim period
+6qDr6193B-A-00966-00230369-00230537 um would it be possible for the
+6qDr6193B-A-00967-00230538-00230717 committee this committee to receive a
+6qDr6193B-A-00968-00230717-00230921 summary of issues covered by the board
+6qDr6193B-A-00969-00230921-00231287 meetings by correspondence such as there
+6qDr6193B-A-00970-00231288-00231508 is such an arrangement and the finance
+6qDr6193B-A-00971-00231509-00231677 public administration committee receive
+6qDr6193B-A-00972-00231678-00231839 a summary letter
+6qDr6193B-A-00973-00231840-00231971 um from the cabinet secretary for
+6qDr6193B-A-00974-00231971-00232231 finance when you came Finance ministers
+6qDr6193B-A-00975-00232232-00232481 quadrilateral meetings occur
+6qDr6193B-A-00976-00232482-00232691 um could that sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-00977-00232692-00232939 um correspondence with this committee be
+6qDr6193B-A-00978-00232940-00233165 introduced to cover the period between
+6qDr6193B-A-00979-00233166-00233425 now and when
+6qDr6193B-A-00980-00233426-00233765 just just this sort of interim of giving
+6qDr6193B-A-00981-00233766-00234023 you some insight as to what the we've
+6qDr6193B-A-00982-00234023-00234455 had there's been one meeting so far so
+6qDr6193B-A-00983-00234456-00234706 um it meets quarterly right all right
+6qDr6193B-A-00984-00234707-00234856 okay so
+6qDr6193B-A-00985-00234857-00235042 um and therefore the next meeting will
+6qDr6193B-A-00986-00235044-00235331 be in July and therefore you would get
+6qDr6193B-A-00987-00235332-00235642 the minutes from that first meeting in
+6qDr6193B-A-00988-00235644-00236069 after that July board yeah so if that's
+6qDr6193B-A-00989-00236069-00236339 sort of if that will meet your needs
+6qDr6193B-A-00990-00236340-00236434 then
+6qDr6193B-A-00991-00236435-00236627 um you know we can work to that sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-00992-00236628-00236867 timetable it's very very admirable
+6qDr6193B-A-00993-00236867-00237071 transparency thank you very much um I
+6qDr6193B-A-00994-00237071-00237241 don't know if jonathanato
+6qDr6193B-A-00995-00237242-00237605 I'm very happy to support that we want
+6qDr6193B-A-00996-00237606-00237773 to be as as transparent as we can be
+6qDr6193B-A-00997-00237773-00237989 sometimes we do talk about
+6qDr6193B-A-00998-00237990-00238217 sort of sensitive operational compliance
+6qDr6193B-A-00999-00238217-00238396 issues and there might need to be some
+6qDr6193B-A-01000-00238398-00238619 discretion exercised around around that
+6qDr6193B-A-01001-00238619-00238829 but in general we wish to be as open and
+6qDr6193B-A-01002-00238830-00239044 transparent as we can be right well I
+6qDr6193B-A-01003-00239046-00239206 seem to have been successful this
+6qDr6193B-A-01004-00239207-00239375 morning thank you very much and not on
+6qDr6193B-A-01005-00239376-00239560 my behalf I knew you did it but thank
+6qDr6193B-A-01006-00239561-00239729 you very much for that thank you thank
+6qDr6193B-A-01007-00239730-00239915 you thank you and but just for
+6qDr6193B-A-01008-00239916-00240041 completeness it will be helpful if you
+6qDr6193B-A-01009-00240042-00240203 could perhaps notify the committee when
+6qDr6193B-A-01010-00240204-00240394 they are going to be published on on the
+6qDr6193B-A-01011-00240396-00240569 website just so we've got a warning of
+6qDr6193B-A-01012-00240569-00240767 it and just again that it will be
+6qDr6193B-A-01013-00240767-00241096 published in two locations given the um
+6qDr6193B-A-01014-00241098-00241277 it's a partially devolved tax and the
+6qDr6193B-A-01015-00241278-00241553 administration we rely on hmrc so it
+6qDr6193B-A-01016-00241554-00241810 will be both on the Scottish Parliament
+6qDr6193B-A-01017-00241811-00242027 website and well Scottish Government
+6qDr6193B-A-01018-00242028-00242237 website and the UK Government website as
+6qDr6193B-A-01019-00242238-00242363 well so we'll make sure that happens
+6qDr6193B-A-01020-00242364-00242663 simultaneously to respect both houses
+6qDr6193B-A-01021-00242664-00242860 thank you and one of the questions that
+6qDr6193B-A-01022-00242861-00243005 we've had previously
+6qDr6193B-A-01023-00243006-00243215 um uh just around the Scottish income
+6qDr6193B-A-01024-00243216-00243491 tax bodies uh we couldn't find anywhere
+6qDr6193B-A-01025-00243492-00243808 published its terms of reference
+6qDr6193B-A-01026-00243809-00244048 would you be able to supply those to us
+6qDr6193B-A-01027-00244050-00244325 as well
+6qDr6193B-A-01028-00244326-00244510 same publication
+6qDr6193B-A-01029-00244511-00244751 yeah send it to the committee yeah or or
+6qDr6193B-A-01030-00244752-00244967 before that if possible yeah no so we've
+6qDr6193B-A-01031-00244967-00245206 got that sense of what the um object of
+6qDr6193B-A-01032-00245207-00245429 the board is before we get the first set
+6qDr6193B-A-01033-00245430-00245531 of minutes that we're going to be able
+6qDr6193B-A-01034-00245532-00245753 to view we'll take that as an actor
+6qDr6193B-A-01035-00245754-00245932 thank you thank you very much I'm now
+6qDr6193B-A-01036-00245933-00246082 going to move things on and invite
+6qDr6193B-A-01037-00246083-00246269 Willie coffee to put some questions to
+6qDr6193B-A-01038-00246269-00246521 you thanks very much I wonder if I could
+6qDr6193B-A-01039-00246521-00246773 just ask a couple of questions on issues
+6qDr6193B-A-01040-00246773-00247192 about data Gathering data Integrity a
+6qDr6193B-A-01041-00247194-00247463 methodology and so on and so forth and I
+6qDr6193B-A-01042-00247464-00247625 think you touched on it at the beginning
+6qDr6193B-A-01043-00247626-00247841 Allison and your remarks to ask both of
+6qDr6193B-A-01044-00247842-00248081 you are you broadly satisfied that how
+6qDr6193B-A-01045-00248082-00248321 we do what we do is providing the
+6qDr6193B-A-01046-00248321-00248639 accuracy that we expect and that we need
+6qDr6193B-A-01047-00248640-00248771 um we had a couple of comments at
+6qDr6193B-A-01048-00248771-00249101 previous session from Dan Stewart from
+6qDr6193B-A-01049-00249102-00249263 the National Audit office suggesting
+6qDr6193B-A-01050-00249264-00249460 that we might want to look at more and
+6qDr6193B-A-01051-00249461-00249748 more frequent third-party data Gathering
+6qDr6193B-A-01052-00249750-00249892 exercises and I think you may have
+6qDr6193B-A-01053-00249894-00250108 touched in it earlier on Allison about
+6qDr6193B-A-01054-00250109-00250373 the methodologies that we use
+6qDr6193B-A-01055-00250373-00250721 and the controller as well said that he
+6qDr6193B-A-01056-00250721-00250984 had identified limitations in the
+6qDr6193B-A-01057-00250985-00251206 methodology so that sampling data being
+6qDr6193B-A-01058-00251207-00251453 UK wide and then a proportion of that
+6qDr6193B-A-01059-00251454-00251669 being taken as Scottish data didn't
+6qDr6193B-A-01060-00251669-00251855 really accurately reflect the
+6qDr6193B-A-01061-00251856-00252023 circumstances in Scotland with the tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01062-00252023-00252215 variations advance and so on so could
+6qDr6193B-A-01063-00252216-00252394 you just talk a little bit about how
+6qDr6193B-A-01064-00252396-00252598 satisfies you are about third-party data
+6qDr6193B-A-01065-00252600-00252803 and how accurate it is and within the
+6qDr6193B-A-01066-00252804-00253060 scope to to improve it okay thanks thank
+6qDr6193B-A-01067-00253061-00253175 you very much I'm actually getting to
+6qDr6193B-A-01068-00253176-00253475 ask Lorraine to respond because
+6qDr6193B-A-01069-00253476-00253756 um the very sort of specific operational
+6qDr6193B-A-01070-00253757-00254105 elements as to actually what the other
+6qDr6193B-A-01071-00254106-00254434 processes that hmrc go through to
+6qDr6193B-A-01072-00254435-00254669 actually make sure that we can have a
+6qDr6193B-A-01073-00254669-00254951 high level of confidence in the taxpayer
+6qDr6193B-A-01074-00254952-00255155 base being identified you know that's
+6qDr6193B-A-01075-00255156-00255401 all rooted in some particular data
+6qDr6193B-A-01076-00255402-00255713 exercises so all right thanks Alison uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01077-00255714-00255863 the data quality exercise currently
+6qDr6193B-A-01078-00255864-00256079 takes place every two years for one
+6qDr6193B-A-01079-00256080-00256289 agreement between hmrc and the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01080-00256290-00256451 government and this was previously
+6qDr6193B-A-01081-00256452-00256625 judged to be appropriate striking the
+6qDr6193B-A-01082-00256626-00256798 right balance between resource and the
+6qDr6193B-A-01083-00256800-00257015 additional Assurance of identification
+6qDr6193B-A-01084-00257016-00257369 that takes place and the last data Clash
+6qDr6193B-A-01085-00257369-00257651 took place in 2021 and showed that
+6qDr6193B-A-01086-00257652-00257771 proportional correctly identified
+6qDr6193B-A-01087-00257771-00258121 Scottish taxpayers was around 98 to 99
+6qDr6193B-A-01088-00258121-00258353 when considering records that were
+6qDr6193B-A-01089-00258354-00258665 active in self-assessment or Pye systems
+6qDr6193B-A-01090-00258666-00258887 and that doesn't mean that one two one
+6qDr6193B-A-01091-00258888-00259055 the one to two percent of cases were
+6qDr6193B-A-01092-00259056-00259282 found to be wrong the exercise Compares
+6qDr6193B-A-01093-00259283-00259487 a snapshot in time from each of our C
+6qDr6193B-A-01094-00259488-00259798 data against a multitude of the shorts
+6qDr6193B-A-01095-00259800-00260056 from third-party data sources and the
+6qDr6193B-A-01096-00260057-00260230 one to the one to two percent are
+6qDr6193B-A-01097-00260231-00260489 uncorroborated and rather Incorrect and
+6qDr6193B-A-01098-00260490-00260758 in many cases they are due to ceased or
+6qDr6193B-A-01099-00260759-00260956 inactive records
+6qDr6193B-A-01100-00260957-00261160 um the next data Clash will take place
+6qDr6193B-A-01101-00261161-00261467 this year and Phil from hmrc may be able
+6qDr6193B-A-01102-00261467-00261610 to find more information on when exactly
+6qDr6193B-A-01103-00261611-00261755 it will take place but we'd expect to
+6qDr6193B-A-01104-00261756-00261941 have the results from that within the
+6qDr6193B-A-01105-00261942-00262265 next couple of months and once we um
+6qDr6193B-A-01106-00262266-00262456 have those results be able to take an
+6qDr6193B-A-01107-00262457-00262763 assessment of whether any taking the
+6qDr6193B-A-01108-00262764-00262997 having the data Clash undertaking on an
+6qDr6193B-A-01109-00262998-00263165 annual basis might be appropriate now
+6qDr6193B-A-01110-00263166-00263387 given the forthcoming Divergence and the
+6qDr6193B-A-01111-00263388-00263629 income tax systems and we currently
+6qDr6193B-A-01112-00263630-00263837 undertake our data cache at the same
+6qDr6193B-A-01113-00263838-00264047 time as Welsh government so if we were
+6qDr6193B-A-01114-00264048-00264208 to move to an annual basis there would
+6qDr6193B-A-01115-00264209-00264347 be some increased course for the
+6qDr6193B-A-01116-00264348-00264491 Scottish government government for us to
+6qDr6193B-A-01117-00264492-00264629 be here they wouldn't necessarily be
+6qDr6193B-A-01118-00264630-00264767 prohibitive but that would be something
+6qDr6193B-A-01119-00264768-00264953 to be reminded I would need to consider
+6qDr6193B-A-01120-00264954-00265132 whether it offered value for money from
+6qDr6193B-A-01121-00265133-00265301 doing that
+6qDr6193B-A-01122-00265302-00265441 Jonathan
+6qDr6193B-A-01123-00265442-00265858 so I would just say um obviously in some
+6qDr6193B-A-01124-00265859-00266015 areas and particularly around sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-01125-00266016-00266255 when we use uk-wide estimates for
+6qDr6193B-A-01126-00266256-00266465 Scotland wherever possible we can't
+6qDr6193B-A-01127-00266466-00266741 avoid doing that so I I think for
+6qDr6193B-A-01128-00266742-00266879 self-assessment
+6qDr6193B-A-01129-00266880-00267130 uh debt I think we look at Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01130-00267131-00267406 specific specific data however there are
+6qDr6193B-A-01131-00267407-00267715 sometimes limitations that certain data
+6qDr6193B-A-01132-00267716-00267929 for Scottish taxpayers is not available
+6qDr6193B-A-01133-00267930-00268199 or not available in a timely way but you
+6qDr6193B-A-01134-00268200-00268360 know these are areas we constantly look
+6qDr6193B-A-01135-00268361-00268547 look at these are things that will come
+6qDr6193B-A-01136-00268548-00268775 to the Scottish Income Tax Board
+6qDr6193B-A-01137-00268776-00269008 um and you know are scrutinized so
+6qDr6193B-A-01138-00269009-00269189 simply because what we're doing at the
+6qDr6193B-A-01139-00269190-00269321 moment doesn't mean it will always be
+6qDr6193B-A-01140-00269322-00269579 that you know be that way but again we
+6qDr6193B-A-01141-00269580-00269760 just need to work out what is the most
+6qDr6193B-A-01142-00269761-00270095 sensible areas to to look at look at
+6qDr6193B-A-01143-00270096-00270232 next
+6qDr6193B-A-01144-00270233-00270491 um and on the third third party data uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01145-00270492-00270701 you know that is something I should say
+6qDr6193B-A-01146-00270702-00270845 third-party data is something more
+6qDr6193B-A-01147-00270846-00271127 generally hmrc is is is is interested in
+6qDr6193B-A-01148-00271128-00271439 it allows us to to double check much
+6qDr6193B-A-01149-00271440-00271660 more than simply addresses but also
+6qDr6193B-A-01150-00271661-00271879 income and other other aspects so
+6qDr6193B-A-01151-00271880-00272063 third-party data is something that will
+6qDr6193B-A-01152-00272064-00272249 be most growing of growing importance to
+6qDr6193B-A-01153-00272250-00272530 us at a most strategic level
+6qDr6193B-A-01154-00272531-00272741 um and um I completely agree with
+6qDr6193B-A-01155-00272742-00272993 Lorraine we'll need to keep under review
+6qDr6193B-A-01156-00272994-00273232 how often we do the current
+6qDr6193B-A-01157-00273233-00273527 sort of matching exercise for Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-01158-00273528-00273677 and whether there is a grounds for
+6qDr6193B-A-01159-00273678-00273869 increasing the the frequency of that
+6qDr6193B-A-01160-00273870-00274091 that obviously has a cost attached to it
+6qDr6193B-A-01161-00274092-00274247 so you want to make certain you're being
+6qDr6193B-A-01162-00274248-00274469 proportionate to the risk that's being
+6qDr6193B-A-01163-00274470-00274787 presented as a ever possible to get
+6qDr6193B-A-01164-00274788-00275056 better performance than those 19 99
+6qDr6193B-A-01165-00275057-00275345 figures that you mentioned there I mean
+6qDr6193B-A-01166-00275346-00275508 you're ultimately are trying to get
+6qDr6193B-A-01167-00275509-00275747 forecasts and it turned to be as close
+6qDr6193B-A-01168-00275748-00276023 as possibly can be and maybe that's an
+6qDr6193B-A-01169-00276024-00276347 impossible task but to use Scottish data
+6qDr6193B-A-01170-00276348-00276580 only to to try to achieve that accuracy
+6qDr6193B-A-01171-00276581-00276719 is that something that you would
+6qDr6193B-A-01172-00276720-00276845 consider doing or do you still think
+6qDr6193B-A-01173-00276846-00277030 it's appropriate to draw in UK data
+6qDr6193B-A-01174-00277031-00277343 together so I think we would look at it
+6qDr6193B-A-01175-00277344-00277547 on a case-by-case basis is the data good
+6qDr6193B-A-01176-00277548-00277751 enough and part of the reason sometimes
+6qDr6193B-A-01177-00277752-00277984 we have discrepancies for this 98 or 99
+6qDr6193B-A-01178-00277985-00278308 of matching and the others is sometimes
+6qDr6193B-A-01179-00278309-00278453 because
+6qDr6193B-A-01180-00278454-00278621 um we end up with
+6qDr6193B-A-01181-00278622-00278758 um people not knowing for example their
+6qDr6193B-A-01182-00278759-00278891 National Insurance number and they're
+6qDr6193B-A-01183-00278892-00279089 giving a temporary number so that can't
+6qDr6193B-A-01184-00279090-00279269 be matched very easily in our our
+6qDr6193B-A-01185-00279270-00279532 records so there is always going to be a
+6qDr6193B-A-01186-00279533-00279856 degree of churn in in the in in the
+6qDr6193B-A-01187-00279857-00280019 labor market people moving in and out of
+6qDr6193B-A-01188-00280020-00280277 jobs which will create some of this some
+6qDr6193B-A-01189-00280278-00280571 of this noise people moving between uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01190-00280572-00280823 Scotland and the rest of the UK in
+6qDr6193B-A-01191-00280824-00281069 either direction and lags in in that so
+6qDr6193B-A-01192-00281070-00281297 I think there will always be a residual
+6qDr6193B-A-01193-00281298-00281608 of cases that will be very difficult for
+6qDr6193B-A-01194-00281609-00281830 us to match using our existing existing
+6qDr6193B-A-01195-00281831-00282113 data but hopefully over time we will be
+6qDr6193B-A-01196-00282114-00282310 able to sort of identify the sources of
+6qDr6193B-A-01197-00282311-00282605 those things and Tackle them as I sort
+6qDr6193B-A-01198-00282606-00282737 of alluded to in one of my earlier
+6qDr6193B-A-01199-00282738-00283049 comments I I think there is hopefully
+6qDr6193B-A-01200-00283050-00283321 some you know over time particularly
+6qDr6193B-A-01201-00283322-00283601 employers who we rely on for example for
+6qDr6193B-A-01202-00283602-00283895 for address data will realize that this
+6qDr6193B-A-01203-00283896-00284110 is more in that having accurate address
+6qDr6193B-A-01204-00284111-00284243 data for their employees is more
+6qDr6193B-A-01205-00284244-00284573 important because if they don't uh one
+6qDr6193B-A-01206-00284574-00284710 of Phil's colleagues will phone them up
+6qDr6193B-A-01207-00284711-00284867 and say why are you not applying an S
+6qDr6193B-A-01208-00284868-00285173 code in this particular particular case
+6qDr6193B-A-01209-00285174-00285358 um so I would also hope there will be
+6qDr6193B-A-01210-00285359-00285503 some behavioral change over time as
+6qDr6193B-A-01211-00285504-00285682 people get employers understand the
+6qDr6193B-A-01212-00285683-00285880 importance of good address data so I
+6qDr6193B-A-01213-00285881-00285982 think there are lots of reasons for
+6qDr6193B-A-01214-00285983-00286234 thinking the situation might improve but
+6qDr6193B-A-01215-00286235-00286397 there will always be that at the margins
+6qDr6193B-A-01216-00286398-00286577 people who don't have the right don't
+6qDr6193B-A-01217-00286578-00286691 have their National Insurance number
+6qDr6193B-A-01218-00286692-00286937 people who are moving and and take a
+6qDr6193B-A-01219-00286938-00287087 little time to update their addresses
+6qDr6193B-A-01220-00287088-00287267 okay thank you very much for that I hope
+6qDr6193B-A-01221-00287268-00287555 I can come I think my colleague might
+6qDr6193B-A-01222-00287556-00287734 raise in a moment thank you
+6qDr6193B-A-01223-00287735-00287915 thank you can I just raise something
+6qDr6193B-A-01224-00287916-00288065 with you that I think we're raised with
+6qDr6193B-A-01225-00288066-00288353 you last year and and that is this it's
+6qDr6193B-A-01226-00288354-00288563 pointed out in the report from the
+6qDr6193B-A-01227-00288564-00289037 National Audit office in paragraph 2.32
+6qDr6193B-A-01228-00289038-00289234 um it says the tax Gap is the difference
+6qDr6193B-A-01229-00289235-00289439 between the amount of tax that should be
+6qDr6193B-A-01230-00289440-00289834 paid and what is actually paid hmrc does
+6qDr6193B-A-01231-00289835-00289997 not currently produce a Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-01232-00289998-00290369 specific tax Gap why don't we know what
+6qDr6193B-A-01233-00290370-00290693 the tax Gap is Alison Stafford
+6qDr6193B-A-01234-00290694-00290932 okay so um
+6qDr6193B-A-01235-00290933-00291269 the tax Gap and obviously Jonathan can
+6qDr6193B-A-01236-00291270-00291480 describe a lot more what goes into
+6qDr6193B-A-01237-00291481-00292043 calculating a tax Gap overall for the UK
+6qDr6193B-A-01238-00292044-00292313 um but it is it's it's broad it will
+6qDr6193B-A-01239-00292314-00292751 cover all aspects of Taxation and we're
+6qDr6193B-A-01240-00292752-00293027 obviously just looking at Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01241-00293028-00293255 income tax so it will go on to cover
+6qDr6193B-A-01242-00293256-00293465 other aspects of employment type tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01243-00293466-00293765 like National Insurance and and broader
+6qDr6193B-A-01244-00293766-00293939 taxes as well
+6qDr6193B-A-01245-00293940-00294143 um across that piece
+6qDr6193B-A-01246-00294144-00294358 so should I come in to say a little bit
+6qDr6193B-A-01247-00294359-00294629 about so as you say the tax Gap is is a
+6qDr6193B-A-01248-00294630-00294756 sort of level of
+6qDr6193B-A-01249-00294757-00295151 non-compliance We Are one of the few uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01250-00295152-00295421 jurisdictions that estimates a tax cap
+6qDr6193B-A-01251-00295422-00295637 on an annual basis for pretty much the
+6qDr6193B-A-01252-00295638-00295889 whole of the the tax tax system
+6qDr6193B-A-01253-00295890-00296105 the challenge with providing more
+6qDr6193B-A-01254-00296106-00296273 granularity
+6qDr6193B-A-01255-00296274-00296471 um in terms of Scotland or any other
+6qDr6193B-A-01256-00296472-00296777 aspect of geography is the way in which
+6qDr6193B-A-01257-00296778-00297079 we undertake elements of that tax Gap so
+6qDr6193B-A-01258-00297080-00297382 an example of something example of what
+6qDr6193B-A-01259-00297383-00297479 we do is something called a random
+6qDr6193B-A-01260-00297480-00297719 inquiry so we would take a group of
+6qDr6193B-A-01261-00297720-00298127 maybe a thousand taxpayers at random and
+6qDr6193B-A-01262-00298128-00298306 we would investigate their tax Affairs
+6qDr6193B-A-01263-00298307-00298630 and say we find 90 of them are fully
+6qDr6193B-A-01264-00298631-00298871 fully compliant we would assume that 90
+6qDr6193B-A-01265-00298872-00299147 of the entire population is fully fully
+6qDr6193B-A-01266-00299148-00299315 compliant so that's the Pro-Tech process
+6qDr6193B-A-01267-00299316-00299441 you go through
+6qDr6193B-A-01268-00299442-00299669 what we do at the moment is we take that
+6qDr6193B-A-01269-00299670-00299932 that that thousand as representative of
+6qDr6193B-A-01270-00299933-00300106 the UK as a whole
+6qDr6193B-A-01271-00300107-00300275 if we were to try and do something for
+6qDr6193B-A-01272-00300276-00300455 Scotland we would have to have a
+6qDr6193B-A-01273-00300456-00300677 separate say thousand taxpayers in
+6qDr6193B-A-01274-00300678-00300832 Scotland that would be much more
+6qDr6193B-A-01275-00300833-00301075 intensive for us to do be extreme
+6qDr6193B-A-01276-00301076-00301313 expensive in terms of the number of tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01277-00301314-00301487 inspectors we would need to do it and
+6qDr6193B-A-01278-00301488-00301613 also it would be diverting them from
+6qDr6193B-A-01279-00301614-00301949 other work so in theory it is possible
+6qDr6193B-A-01280-00301950-00302291 to do in practice it is very challenging
+6qDr6193B-A-01281-00302292-00302495 uh to do it and would be very costly
+6qDr6193B-A-01282-00302496-00302771 what we can do is look at other other
+6qDr6193B-A-01283-00302772-00303041 sources of data so you know the the the
+6qDr6193B-A-01284-00303042-00303323 the the work we do with through the
+6qDr6193B-A-01285-00303324-00303484 Scottish Income Tax Board in other areas
+6qDr6193B-A-01286-00303485-00303641 to look at kind of what are the risks
+6qDr6193B-A-01287-00303642-00303815 are there particular risks in Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-01288-00303816-00304091 are there particular
+6qDr6193B-A-01289-00304092-00304360 um groups of taxpayers who we think are
+6qDr6193B-A-01290-00304361-00304582 more likely to be non-compliant in in
+6qDr6193B-A-01291-00304583-00304756 Scotland we can look at those those
+6qDr6193B-A-01292-00304757-00305027 sorts of things so we will address the
+6qDr6193B-A-01293-00305028-00305249 underlying issue of the risk but we
+6qDr6193B-A-01294-00305250-00305434 don't think it's proportionate at the
+6qDr6193B-A-01295-00305435-00305647 moment to do a separate tax Gap
+6qDr6193B-A-01296-00305648-00305921 calculation for Scotland it's better to
+6qDr6193B-A-01297-00305922-00306082 look at the underlying underlying data
+6qDr6193B-A-01298-00306083-00306413 and use that to action the work we do to
+6qDr6193B-A-01299-00306414-00306521 make certain we're tackling
+6qDr6193B-A-01300-00306522-00306653 non-compliance
+6qDr6193B-A-01301-00306654-00306917 but if if the fee attached to the
+6qDr6193B-A-01302-00306918-00307193 service level agreement or other parts
+6qDr6193B-A-01303-00307194-00307373 of the memorandum of understanding were
+6qDr6193B-A-01304-00307374-00307577 revised it's something you could do if
+6qDr6193B-A-01305-00307578-00307804 you had the resources to do it it it it
+6qDr6193B-A-01306-00307805-00308153 is I I would just stress it's not a
+6qDr6193B-A-01307-00308154-00308404 simple undertaking so for example we've
+6qDr6193B-A-01308-00308405-00308543 recently recruited a large number of
+6qDr6193B-A-01309-00308544-00308777 extra compliance officers tax inspectors
+6qDr6193B-A-01310-00308778-00309029 I will use as a as a as a term of that
+6qDr6193B-A-01311-00309030-00309191 but it takes many years for them to be
+6qDr6193B-A-01312-00309192-00309377 trained up
+6qDr6193B-A-01313-00309378-00309569 um you know you you know to be a tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01314-00309570-00309719 inspector obviously sometimes you might
+6qDr6193B-A-01315-00309720-00309851 be taking a case to a criminal
+6qDr6193B-A-01316-00309852-00310097 prosecution so you need to be you know
+6qDr6193B-A-01317-00310098-00310421 fully trained in in all aspects of uh of
+6qDr6193B-A-01318-00310422-00310637 Law and for many aspects of law
+6qDr6193B-A-01319-00310638-00310949 enforcement so it's a really
+6qDr6193B-A-01320-00310950-00311129 quite you know it's not something where
+6qDr6193B-A-01321-00311130-00311369 we can go and easily recruit and and
+6qDr6193B-A-01322-00311370-00311579 bring in extra people to to do this so
+6qDr6193B-A-01323-00311580-00311741 again if you were doing it in as I said
+6qDr6193B-A-01324-00311742-00311927 in theory it could be done however it
+6qDr6193B-A-01325-00311928-00312119 would be significant undertaking with
+6qDr6193B-A-01326-00312120-00312413 significantly significant costs and just
+6qDr6193B-A-01327-00312414-00312682 one aspect of that cost uh just to to
+6qDr6193B-A-01328-00312683-00312917 emphasize is obviously if we're going
+6qDr6193B-A-01329-00312918-00313163 for a random selection of
+6qDr6193B-A-01330-00313164-00313427 um of taxpayers that random thousand the
+6qDr6193B-A-01331-00313428-00313571 tax inspectors working that are not
+6qDr6193B-A-01332-00313572-00313780 working the highest risk cases so
+6qDr6193B-A-01333-00313781-00314075 there's also we also risk uh not
+6qDr6193B-A-01334-00314076-00314195 collecting all the receipts we need
+6qDr6193B-A-01335-00314196-00314321 because we're doing those random
+6qDr6193B-A-01336-00314322-00314632 inquiries so it's something you you we
+6qDr6193B-A-01337-00314633-00314843 we do it because it's very important for
+6qDr6193B-A-01338-00314844-00315058 us to do for a UK wide basis because it
+6qDr6193B-A-01339-00315059-00315287 informs a lot of our risking but at the
+6qDr6193B-A-01340-00315288-00315479 moment we don't see the case for that
+6qDr6193B-A-01341-00315480-00315623 significant investment of course it
+6qDr6193B-A-01342-00315624-00315797 could be done if there was the time
+6qDr6193B-A-01343-00315798-00316060 effort and money put it put into it but
+6qDr6193B-A-01344-00316061-00316193 at the moment it's not something we see
+6qDr6193B-A-01345-00316194-00316480 it would be would be uh give sufficient
+6qDr6193B-A-01346-00316481-00316697 benefit okay I mean but to Alison
+6qDr6193B-A-01347-00316698-00316882 Stafford do you not see a benefit would
+6qDr6193B-A-01348-00316883-00317039 there not be a benefit to the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01349-00317040-00317213 government in having that in having that
+6qDr6193B-A-01350-00317214-00317471 data I mean we're talking what is it 11
+6qDr6193B-A-01351-00317472-00317723 12 billion pounds worth of Revenue
+6qDr6193B-A-01352-00317724-00317854 collection
+6qDr6193B-A-01353-00317855-00318065 as a fairly basic I mean we are the
+6qDr6193B-A-01354-00318066-00318203 public audit committee but even on a
+6qDr6193B-A-01355-00318204-00318467 basic kind of housekeeping level uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01356-00318468-00318641 would it not be sensible to know the
+6qDr6193B-A-01357-00318642-00318808 difference between what should be paid
+6qDr6193B-A-01358-00318809-00318995 and what is actually paid in Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01359-00318996-00319271 income tax so the the particular areas
+6qDr6193B-A-01360-00319272-00319534 that we look at are jointly with hmrc
+6qDr6193B-A-01361-00319535-00319804 about the risk assessment around either
+6qDr6193B-A-01362-00319805-00320087 non-compliance or non-payment and that
+6qDr6193B-A-01363-00320088-00320273 is done and that is refreshed on an
+6qDr6193B-A-01364-00320274-00320584 annual basis and the risk around this
+6qDr6193B-A-01365-00320585-00320837 particular area is deemed as one that is
+6qDr6193B-A-01366-00320838-00321203 low the area though that has real Merit
+6qDr6193B-A-01367-00321204-00321467 and where we are making an investment to
+6qDr6193B-A-01368-00321468-00321730 use that phrase is on this longitude
+6qDr6193B-A-01369-00321731-00322025 longitudinal data set so Jonathan's
+6qDr6193B-A-01370-00322026-00322271 already in response to Mr Hoy said a
+6qDr6193B-A-01371-00322272-00322534 little bit more about that but that will
+6qDr6193B-A-01372-00322535-00322715 really enable us to analyze and
+6qDr6193B-A-01373-00322716-00323027 understand those movements across the UK
+6qDr6193B-A-01374-00323028-00323182 and
+6qDr6193B-A-01375-00323183-00323441 um and also we have requested additional
+6qDr6193B-A-01376-00323442-00323734 risk-based analysis on the behaviors
+6qDr6193B-A-01377-00323735-00323999 that may be very specific Scotland so
+6qDr6193B-A-01378-00324000-00324239 we're targeting on the areas that are
+6qDr6193B-A-01379-00324240-00324449 the ones that offer this committee does
+6qDr6193B-A-01380-00324450-00324658 ask us about and the things that
+6qDr6193B-A-01381-00324659-00324982 actually are likely to be more of a risk
+6qDr6193B-A-01382-00324983-00325271 that needs to be either addressed
+6qDr6193B-A-01383-00325272-00325523 through the work of hmrc obviously we've
+6qDr6193B-A-01384-00325524-00325679 heard already in response to some of the
+6qDr6193B-A-01385-00325680-00325901 other questions about the sort of small
+6qDr6193B-A-01386-00325902-00326141 relative margins that we are then
+6qDr6193B-A-01387-00326142-00326560 looking at but that extra work including
+6qDr6193B-A-01388-00326561-00326908 looking at taxpayers that own more than
+6qDr6193B-A-01389-00326909-00327239 one property across the UK so
+6qDr6193B-A-01390-00327240-00327460 um you know to see whether there is any
+6qDr6193B-A-01391-00327461-00327851 risk of some form of paper migration to
+6qDr6193B-A-01392-00327852-00328054 avoid paying Scottish income tax so
+6qDr6193B-A-01393-00328055-00328306 we're targeting our investment in the
+6qDr6193B-A-01394-00328307-00328529 areas that the risk assessments are
+6qDr6193B-A-01395-00328530-00328817 informing and this particular one that
+6qDr6193B-A-01396-00328818-00329039 you're asking about is not seen as
+6qDr6193B-A-01397-00329040-00329213 something that has that same risk
+6qDr6193B-A-01398-00329214-00329467 exposure you'd expect us to be making
+6qDr6193B-A-01399-00329468-00329813 risk-based judgments and investments in
+6qDr6193B-A-01400-00329814-00330034 what we're doing in and continuing to
+6qDr6193B-A-01401-00330035-00330317 get the robustness and build on the the
+6qDr6193B-A-01402-00330318-00330527 work that's happened from hmrc and
+6qDr6193B-A-01403-00330528-00330719 clearly as we've seen from the National
+6qDr6193B-A-01404-00330720-00330953 Audit office
+6qDr6193B-A-01405-00330954-00331169 um they they have placed um High
+6qDr6193B-A-01406-00331170-00331432 Assurance on the processes and systems
+6qDr6193B-A-01407-00331433-00331715 on hmrc I have to take some comfort from
+6qDr6193B-A-01408-00331716-00331919 that and I do and equally the auditor
+6qDr6193B-A-01409-00331920-00332134 general for Scotland has placed Reliance
+6qDr6193B-A-01410-00332135-00332356 on the systems and processes that
+6qDr6193B-A-01411-00332357-00332506 National Audit office have gone through
+6qDr6193B-A-01412-00332507-00332777 to make their conclusions yeah and I
+6qDr6193B-A-01413-00332778-00332932 accept that but it's the National Audit
+6qDr6193B-A-01414-00332933-00333095 office report I'm reading out the
+6qDr6193B-A-01415-00333096-00333280 quotation from which points out I mean
+6qDr6193B-A-01416-00333281-00333473 so it's obviously an issue it may be a
+6qDr6193B-A-01417-00333474-00333689 low priority it may be a low risk in the
+6qDr6193B-A-01418-00333690-00333839 estimations that you've made but
+6qDr6193B-A-01419-00333840-00334054 nonetheless it's something which uh the
+6qDr6193B-A-01420-00334055-00334234 National Audit office has drawn to our
+6qDr6193B-A-01421-00334235-00334469 attention has been something that's
+6qDr6193B-A-01422-00334470-00334732 worth commenting on and I think for us
+6qDr6193B-A-01423-00334733-00335027 um it's a matter of we understand that
+6qDr6193B-A-01424-00335028-00335206 there are priorities and risks to be
+6qDr6193B-A-01425-00335207-00335423 assessed but it just seems to be a
+6qDr6193B-A-01426-00335424-00335651 pretty fundamental piece of data that
+6qDr6193B-A-01427-00335652-00335795 would be useful for the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01428-00335796-00335939 government to have and for the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01429-00335940-00336197 Parliament uh indeed which sets the
+6qDr6193B-A-01430-00336198-00336425 rates of income tax to have to
+6qDr6193B-A-01431-00336426-00336682 understand what the tax Gap is but I'm
+6qDr6193B-A-01432-00336683-00336856 going to move on now and invite the
+6qDr6193B-A-01433-00336857-00337043 actually convener Sharon dowie to put
+6qDr6193B-A-01434-00337044-00337199 some questions to you thank you good
+6qDr6193B-A-01435-00337200-00337384 morning can I ask a quick question first
+6qDr6193B-A-01436-00337385-00337571 following one from clay Coy's question
+6qDr6193B-A-01437-00337572-00337780 and do you have just now that
+6qDr6193B-A-01438-00337781-00338003 show how many people are actually
+6qDr6193B-A-01439-00338004-00338243 working for a Scottish based company but
+6qDr6193B-A-01440-00338244-00338482 live in England and vice versa how many
+6qDr6193B-A-01441-00338483-00338747 people work for an english-based company
+6qDr6193B-A-01442-00338748-00339053 that live in Scotland and just to do a
+6qDr6193B-A-01443-00339054-00339269 hybrid work and and also are there any
+6qDr6193B-A-01444-00339270-00339430 figures to show because if you're
+6qDr6193B-A-01445-00339431-00339587 working hybridly you could work in any
+6qDr6193B-A-01446-00339588-00339749 country so is there any figures to show
+6qDr6193B-A-01447-00339750-00340013 how many people probably pre-pandemic
+6qDr6193B-A-01448-00340014-00340295 would have worked in the UK but are now
+6qDr6193B-A-01449-00340296-00340517 working are living abroad but still
+6qDr6193B-A-01450-00340518-00340829 working in the UK so I I'm I'm
+6qDr6193B-A-01451-00340830-00341153 this is an area so um I'll take you back
+6qDr6193B-A-01452-00341154-00341410 to the bit so we know where people live
+6qDr6193B-A-01453-00341411-00341603 um well I hope we hope we know where
+6qDr6193B-A-01454-00341604-00341837 people live and that's why we do all the
+6qDr6193B-A-01455-00341838-00342023 the exercises we've been we've been
+6qDr6193B-A-01456-00342024-00342137 talking about
+6qDr6193B-A-01457-00342138-00342419 often we don't know the place of work we
+6qDr6193B-A-01458-00342420-00342671 will often know uh that where the
+6qDr6193B-A-01459-00342672-00342893 company head office is because that will
+6qDr6193B-A-01460-00342894-00343079 be where the payroll is administered
+6qDr6193B-A-01461-00343080-00343301 from
+6qDr6193B-A-01462-00343302-00343456 um but often not necessarily the place
+6qDr6193B-A-01463-00343457-00343745 of work now this arose as a particular
+6qDr6193B-A-01464-00343746-00343979 issue during the pandemic uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01465-00343980-00344206 particularly when there were varying
+6qDr6193B-A-01466-00344207-00344663 geographical restrictions uh ministers
+6qDr6193B-A-01467-00344664-00344849 asked us to look at whether there are
+6qDr6193B-A-01468-00344850-00345029 ways in which we could Target for
+6qDr6193B-A-01469-00345030-00345208 example the furlough scheme in
+6qDr6193B-A-01470-00345209-00345473 particular particular employers at the
+6qDr6193B-A-01471-00345474-00345647 time said because of those limitations
+6qDr6193B-A-01472-00345648-00345832 we didn't think that would be robust
+6qDr6193B-A-01473-00345833-00346145 we'd only be getting the head office and
+6qDr6193B-A-01474-00346146-00346367 so for some very large employers you
+6qDr6193B-A-01475-00346368-00346547 know some of the large supermarkets it
+6qDr6193B-A-01476-00346548-00346691 would all be their their where their
+6qDr6193B-A-01477-00346692-00346919 head office is so not particularly
+6qDr6193B-A-01478-00346920-00347117 reliable so it's an area we've looked at
+6qDr6193B-A-01479-00347118-00347291 as whether we can collect that data in
+6qDr6193B-A-01480-00347292-00347615 future so if we were needing in in some
+6qDr6193B-A-01481-00347616-00347932 future National Emergency uh to uh to
+6qDr6193B-A-01482-00347933-00348065 put in place some sort of financial
+6qDr6193B-A-01483-00348066-00348413 support we would be able able to do so
+6qDr6193B-A-01484-00348414-00348641 but Phil you were closer to the to to
+6qDr6193B-A-01485-00348642-00348797 that so you might want to speak a little
+6qDr6193B-A-01486-00348798-00348977 bit about some of those challenges yeah
+6qDr6193B-A-01487-00348978-00349258 certainly so I I think the probably the
+6qDr6193B-A-01488-00349259-00349547 the first point T to make is that the
+6qDr6193B-A-01489-00349548-00349763 liability to Scottish income tax as
+6qDr6193B-A-01490-00349764-00349906 Jonathan was saying really is based on
+6qDr6193B-A-01491-00349907-00350141 your your residence as opposed to your
+6qDr6193B-A-01492-00350142-00350315 to your place of work so we wouldn't
+6qDr6193B-A-01493-00350316-00350429 expect
+6qDr6193B-A-01494-00350430-00350556 um
+6qDr6193B-A-01495-00350557-00350932 you wouldn't expect to see differences
+6qDr6193B-A-01496-00350933-00351130 in the level of Scottish income tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01497-00351131-00351353 collected as a result in these changes
+6qDr6193B-A-01498-00351354-00351515 that might be affecting people's place
+6qDr6193B-A-01499-00351516-00351610 of work
+6qDr6193B-A-01500-00351611-00351749 um so definitely important to recognize
+6qDr6193B-A-01501-00351750-00351934 that that residents
+6qDr6193B-A-01502-00351935-00352108 um is the factor that determines your
+6qDr6193B-A-01503-00352109-00352384 liability to to Scottish income tax and
+6qDr6193B-A-01504-00352385-00352613 in terms of that employed data
+6qDr6193B-A-01505-00352614-00352882 um as Jonathan was saying and the way
+6qDr6193B-A-01506-00352883-00353093 that we're organized is based around
+6qDr6193B-A-01507-00353094-00353375 poye schemes and particularly for for
+6qDr6193B-A-01508-00353376-00353584 larger employers that may operate um
+6qDr6193B-A-01509-00353585-00353849 cross-border that payroll that POA
+6qDr6193B-A-01510-00353850-00354143 scheme won't include the granularity of
+6qDr6193B-A-01511-00354144-00354293 data and that would specify whether
+6qDr6193B-A-01512-00354294-00354443 they're working North or South of the
+6qDr6193B-A-01513-00354444-00354641 Border or indeed whether their duties
+6qDr6193B-A-01514-00354642-00354982 are currently taking them overseas
+6qDr6193B-A-01515-00354983-00355175 so we don't have fecals at the moment so
+6qDr6193B-A-01516-00355176-00355306 we wouldn't have figures at the moment
+6qDr6193B-A-01517-00355307-00355456 on that but it is an area where our
+6qDr6193B-A-01518-00355457-00355619 thinking of whether we can collect that
+6qDr6193B-A-01519-00355620-00355853 data whether employers actually hold it
+6qDr6193B-A-01520-00355854-00356158 and obviously for some employee for some
+6qDr6193B-A-01521-00356159-00356489 employees you can imagine if you are uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01522-00356490-00356728 you know a somebody who who repairs
+6qDr6193B-A-01523-00356729-00356987 lifts uh kind of where you work is is
+6qDr6193B-A-01524-00356988-00357184 actually quite an interesting
+6qDr6193B-A-01525-00357185-00357491 i i i idea uh you know you you may be
+6qDr6193B-A-01526-00357492-00357671 traveling around quite quite quite a lot
+6qDr6193B-A-01527-00357672-00357821 anyway so some of this we want to ask
+6qDr6193B-A-01528-00357822-00358025 employers is it meaningful to collect
+6qDr6193B-A-01529-00358026-00358199 that data obviously for many employees
+6qDr6193B-A-01530-00358200-00358360 it is
+6qDr6193B-A-01531-00358361-00358601 um uh if you're working at a supermarket
+6qDr6193B-A-01532-00358602-00358804 in in Edinburgh we you know that's
+6qDr6193B-A-01533-00358805-00358937 pretty straightforward but as I said
+6qDr6193B-A-01534-00358938-00359051 there will always be a category of
+6qDr6193B-A-01535-00359052-00359219 employees which that is difficult so we
+6qDr6193B-A-01536-00359220-00359471 have asked employee employers whether
+6qDr6193B-A-01537-00359472-00359632 they would be able to collect that data
+6qDr6193B-A-01538-00359633-00359903 and provide it to us to allow us in
+6qDr6193B-A-01539-00359904-00360119 future to be more Nimble and responding
+6qDr6193B-A-01540-00360120-00360353 to events such as a pandemic or any
+6qDr6193B-A-01541-00360354-00360623 other time when we would need to put in
+6qDr6193B-A-01542-00360624-00360815 place additional financial support so
+6qDr6193B-A-01543-00360816-00360947 it's not available at the moment but
+6qDr6193B-A-01544-00360948-00361139 something we are pursuing for the future
+6qDr6193B-A-01545-00361140-00361265 in which case he would be able to
+6qDr6193B-A-01546-00361266-00361445 understand exactly those sort of yeah I
+6qDr6193B-A-01547-00361446-00361606 think it was more for the behavioral
+6qDr6193B-A-01548-00361607-00361847 impact so obviously the first Minister
+6qDr6193B-A-01549-00361848-00362039 spoken about progressive tax measures
+6qDr6193B-A-01550-00362040-00362225 and it was to go further so if there's
+6qDr6193B-A-01551-00362226-00362458 further diverse yes it was basically to
+6qDr6193B-A-01552-00362459-00362627 see if more people were actually going
+6qDr6193B-A-01553-00362628-00362932 to discuss the border so we would we
+6qDr6193B-A-01554-00362933-00363065 would as I said there's longitudinal
+6qDr6193B-A-01555-00363066-00363275 data will look at residence so we'll be
+6qDr6193B-A-01556-00363276-00363449 able to understand how patterns of
+6qDr6193B-A-01557-00363450-00363749 residence might change over time but
+6qDr6193B-A-01558-00363750-00363982 that dynamic between where people were
+6qDr6193B-A-01559-00363983-00364253 resident and and where they are working
+6qDr6193B-A-01560-00364254-00364451 at the moment we wouldn't have that data
+6qDr6193B-A-01561-00364452-00364595 right and do you have anything to show
+6qDr6193B-A-01562-00364596-00364780 any of you that would like now live
+6qDr6193B-A-01563-00364781-00365051 abroad but I I I'll have to take away
+6qDr6193B-A-01564-00365052-00365273 that and have a look at that as to kind
+6qDr6193B-A-01565-00365274-00365482 of how how well that's uh well that's
+6qDr6193B-A-01566-00365483-00365627 that's estimated there might well be
+6qDr6193B-A-01567-00365628-00365806 some survey data or something else that
+6qDr6193B-A-01568-00365807-00366010 allows us to understand understand that
+6qDr6193B-A-01569-00366011-00366232 but let me take that one away so you
+6qDr6193B-A-01570-00366233-00366358 have your tax work with that where would
+6qDr6193B-A-01571-00366359-00366743 they be taxed so again residence is the
+6qDr6193B-A-01572-00366744-00366889 primary way in which
+6qDr6193B-A-01573-00366890-00367091 types would repeat in the country the
+6qDr6193B-A-01574-00367092-00367528 eleven yes indeed yes and that's both uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01575-00367529-00367651 internationally
+6qDr6193B-A-01576-00367652-00367954 and within the UK that would be the
+6qDr6193B-A-01577-00367955-00368171 basis the broad basis is one of
+6qDr6193B-A-01578-00368172-00368434 residents as I said with some minor uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01579-00368435-00368680 minor special rules for certain groups
+6qDr6193B-A-01580-00368681-00368873 yeah okay thanks okay so moving on to
+6qDr6193B-A-01581-00368874-00369119 identifying Scottish taxpayers although
+6qDr6193B-A-01582-00369120-00369328 it's only a small percentage of cases
+6qDr6193B-A-01583-00369329-00369551 that are still employers who issue
+6qDr6193B-A-01584-00369552-00369737 incorrect tax codes and the committee's
+6qDr6193B-A-01585-00369738-00369904 been informed that this is usually the
+6qDr6193B-A-01586-00369905-00370103 result of a software error because you
+6qDr6193B-A-01587-00370104-00370319 tell us more about what the software
+6qDr6193B-A-01588-00370320-00370619 error is and who the software belongs to
+6qDr6193B-A-01589-00370620-00370853 and what if anything's been done at the
+6qDr6193B-A-01590-00370854-00370984 moment to try and prevent it happening
+6qDr6193B-A-01591-00370985-00371177 in the first point so let me let me
+6qDr6193B-A-01592-00371178-00371356 start and then I'll hand over to Phil to
+6qDr6193B-A-01593-00371357-00371569 talk about this so
+6qDr6193B-A-01594-00371570-00371939 administering uh the pay system is the
+6qDr6193B-A-01595-00371940-00372203 responsibility of employers we provide
+6qDr6193B-A-01596-00372204-00372593 obviously guidance and and rules uh and
+6qDr6193B-A-01597-00372594-00373060 codes uh for for uh for uh you know pay
+6qDr6193B-A-01598-00373061-00373451 schemes to to operate so primarily it is
+6qDr6193B-A-01599-00373452-00373799 uh with those providers now the
+6qDr6193B-A-01600-00373800-00374080 challenge is that there are a huge range
+6qDr6193B-A-01601-00374081-00374428 of uh soft software available for
+6qDr6193B-A-01602-00374429-00374758 employers to run paye schemes
+6qDr6193B-A-01603-00374759-00375023 um and we see this when we make changes
+6qDr6193B-A-01604-00375024-00375239 to income tax or National Insurance more
+6qDr6193B-A-01605-00375240-00375587 generally so there are some providers
+6qDr6193B-A-01606-00375588-00375863 um who it's very straightforward it's
+6qDr6193B-A-01607-00375864-00375977 you know the most Cutting Edge
+6qDr6193B-A-01608-00375978-00376247 technology is cloud-based so they can
+6qDr6193B-A-01609-00376248-00376619 just change change a a parameter in the
+6qDr6193B-A-01610-00376620-00376847 program and everything flows through but
+6qDr6193B-A-01611-00376848-00376973 then there are sort of people who are
+6qDr6193B-A-01612-00376974-00377323 still using more traditional uh payroll
+6qDr6193B-A-01613-00377324-00377753 software uh that might be quite old or
+6qDr6193B-A-01614-00377754-00378028 or and might struggle sometimes to deal
+6qDr6193B-A-01615-00378029-00378328 with changes or to deal with particular
+6qDr6193B-A-01616-00378329-00378508 particular circumstances but Phil did
+6qDr6193B-A-01617-00378509-00378665 you want to say a little bit more yeah
+6qDr6193B-A-01618-00378666-00378832 so
+6qDr6193B-A-01619-00378833-00379006 um this is certainly an area we've seen
+6qDr6193B-A-01620-00379007-00379247 an improvement of performance so
+6qDr6193B-A-01621-00379248-00379595 um 1920 about four percent uh of
+6qDr6193B-A-01622-00379596-00379823 Employments might have an S code played
+6qDr6193B-A-01623-00379824-00380008 incorrectly that's down to Something in
+6qDr6193B-A-01624-00380009-00380141 the region of one percent now that's
+6qDr6193B-A-01625-00380142-00380339 still higher and that we'd like and we
+6qDr6193B-A-01626-00380340-00380537 continue to work with employers to and
+6qDr6193B-A-01627-00380538-00380675 to improve that
+6qDr6193B-A-01628-00380676-00380897 um as Jonathan said it can be a range of
+6qDr6193B-A-01629-00380898-00381071 situations say particularly if you've
+6qDr6193B-A-01630-00381072-00381377 got a large employer and even a
+6qDr6193B-A-01631-00381378-00381575 relatively sort of minor glitch in
+6qDr6193B-A-01632-00381576-00381719 applying the codes
+6qDr6193B-A-01633-00381720-00381928 um that we've put out can affect a large
+6qDr6193B-A-01634-00381929-00382169 number of employees uh you know
+6qDr6193B-A-01635-00382170-00382354 essentially as Jonathan was saying if
+6qDr6193B-A-01636-00382355-00382493 they've recently put in a new complex
+6qDr6193B-A-01637-00382494-00382673 payroll system and there's a glitch
+6qDr6193B-A-01638-00382674-00382871 there um to do with how it's applying
+6qDr6193B-A-01639-00382872-00383087 the codes that we tell them to um to
+6qDr6193B-A-01640-00383088-00383351 operate and then that can flow through
+6qDr6193B-A-01641-00383352-00383525 into you know quite a large number of
+6qDr6193B-A-01642-00383526-00383795 Employments in a year
+6qDr6193B-A-01643-00383796-00383999 um so two things to exercise is that
+6qDr6193B-A-01644-00384000-00384184 firstly in every case we're putting
+6qDr6193B-A-01645-00384185-00384389 these right so we can tell from the
+6qDr6193B-A-01646-00384390-00384580 real-time information reports that they
+6qDr6193B-A-01647-00384581-00384851 send back to us we can identify the ones
+6qDr6193B-A-01648-00384852-00385091 who failed to apply the correct s code
+6qDr6193B-A-01649-00385092-00385349 and and certainly subsequently that will
+6qDr6193B-A-01650-00385350-00385523 be put right so by the time we get to an
+6qDr6193B-A-01651-00385524-00385678 upturn figure for the for the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01652-00385679-00385943 government those issues will all be
+6qDr6193B-A-01653-00385944-00386063 corrected
+6qDr6193B-A-01654-00386064-00386237 um however there is an impact on the
+6qDr6193B-A-01655-00386238-00386417 employee in in the meantime he's been
+6qDr6193B-A-01656-00386418-00386608 paying the wrong amount of tax in year
+6qDr6193B-A-01657-00386609-00386837 and that's why we do have quite an
+6qDr6193B-A-01658-00386838-00387071 intensive program of employer education
+6qDr6193B-A-01659-00387072-00387317 and to try to get them to to improve how
+6qDr6193B-A-01660-00387318-00387532 that's that's going what reserving is
+6qDr6193B-A-01661-00387533-00387803 that after we've gone out and you know
+6qDr6193B-A-01662-00387804-00387910 made contact
+6qDr6193B-A-01663-00387911-00388073 UM with an employer it's relatively
+6qDr6193B-A-01664-00388074-00388295 seldom that we see that happen again
+6qDr6193B-A-01665-00388296-00388613 um so those education activities are
+6qDr6193B-A-01666-00388614-00388787 successful and as I say we do have quite
+6qDr6193B-A-01667-00388788-00388997 a major reduction in the number of s
+6qDr6193B-A-01668-00388998-00389249 codes that are being applied incorrectly
+6qDr6193B-A-01669-00389250-00389351 oops
+6qDr6193B-A-01670-00389352-00389608 how much does it cost hmrc chasing
+6qDr6193B-A-01671-00389609-00389837 employers about incorrect tax codes do
+6qDr6193B-A-01672-00389838-00390106 you have a course for them ah sorry Phil
+6qDr6193B-A-01673-00390107-00390263 I I date I think that's part of the
+6qDr6193B-A-01674-00390264-00390623 national activity yeah yeah yeah so
+6qDr6193B-A-01675-00390624-00390856 again obviously we we're very
+6qDr6193B-A-01676-00390857-00391013 transparent about the costs of operating
+6qDr6193B-A-01677-00391014-00391210 the Scottish income tax system but
+6qDr6193B-A-01678-00391211-00391319 obviously there's a huge amount of work
+6qDr6193B-A-01679-00391320-00391565 we do normally to make certain employers
+6qDr6193B-A-01680-00391566-00391906 a a compliant I mean in general paye is
+6qDr6193B-A-01681-00391907-00392008 a very
+6qDr6193B-A-01682-00392009-00392225 he's a very good system in terms of low
+6qDr6193B-A-01683-00392226-00392347 levels of
+6qDr6193B-A-01684-00392348-00392627 non-compliance the tax Gap there is
+6qDr6193B-A-01685-00392628-00392843 normally around one percent
+6qDr6193B-A-01686-00392844-00393071 um so normally it's very very very very
+6qDr6193B-A-01687-00393072-00393232 low but there's a whole set of
+6qDr6193B-A-01688-00393233-00393377 activities we have to do with the
+6qDr6193B-A-01689-00393378-00393563 employers to make certain they're
+6qDr6193B-A-01690-00393564-00393863 operating the income tax uh and National
+6qDr6193B-A-01691-00393864-00394091 Insurance system and sometimes student
+6qDr6193B-A-01692-00394092-00394408 loan payments as as well so there was a
+6qDr6193B-A-01693-00394409-00394637 whole set of activity we do which we
+6qDr6193B-A-01694-00394638-00394943 call employer compliance which goes out
+6qDr6193B-A-01695-00394944-00395141 and a lot of that is about education and
+6qDr6193B-A-01696-00395142-00395345 supporting people to get things things
+6qDr6193B-A-01697-00395346-00395530 right many of you know very few of the
+6qDr6193B-A-01698-00395531-00395710 errors or problems we find are
+6qDr6193B-A-01699-00395711-00395963 deliberate they are often just
+6qDr6193B-A-01700-00395964-00396154 um glitches in the system or people not
+6qDr6193B-A-01701-00396155-00396323 fully understanding how they should be
+6qDr6193B-A-01702-00396324-00396617 uh operating the system right so so it's
+6qDr6193B-A-01703-00396618-00396845 various software packages depending what
+6qDr6193B-A-01704-00396846-00397204 package the the company uses so is there
+6qDr6193B-A-01705-00397205-00397391 any kind of characteristics of the
+6qDr6193B-A-01706-00397392-00397541 employers that are making the Eros like
+6qDr6193B-A-01707-00397542-00397858 it's a big employer small employers we
+6qDr6193B-A-01708-00397859-00398087 see just a whole whole range of activity
+6qDr6193B-A-01709-00398088-00398434 as I said sometimes we know people who
+6qDr6193B-A-01710-00398435-00398680 are operating older it systems it can be
+6qDr6193B-A-01711-00398681-00398875 more difficult
+6qDr6193B-A-01712-00398876-00399143 so that that is often a particular
+6qDr6193B-A-01713-00399144-00399395 particular particular challenge it could
+6qDr6193B-A-01714-00399396-00399617 be sort of fast growing businesses that
+6qDr6193B-A-01715-00399618-00399797 are you know scaling up and therefore
+6qDr6193B-A-01716-00399798-00400006 you know they they had a payroll system
+6qDr6193B-A-01717-00400007-00400187 designed or a payroll department
+6qDr6193B-A-01718-00400188-00400565 designed for a a small uh a smaller
+6qDr6193B-A-01719-00400566-00400702 organization so there are a number of
+6qDr6193B-A-01720-00400703-00401021 just factors beyond you know that they
+6qDr6193B-A-01721-00401022-00401201 would you would expect so we're not
+6qDr6193B-A-01722-00401202-00401351 seeing any particular areas or
+6qDr6193B-A-01723-00401352-00401656 particular areas of concern uh around
+6qDr6193B-A-01724-00401657-00401854 that it's just an ongoing challenge for
+6qDr6193B-A-01725-00401855-00402082 us in terms of operating the tax system
+6qDr6193B-A-01726-00402083-00402317 when there are hundreds if not thousands
+6qDr6193B-A-01727-00402318-00402532 of separate software products out there
+6qDr6193B-A-01728-00402533-00402797 that people are operating uh to get that
+6qDr6193B-A-01729-00402798-00403043 their tax system right and it it has
+6qDr6193B-A-01730-00403044-00403301 consequences for us in terms of when we
+6qDr6193B-A-01731-00403302-00403630 want to make changes to the tax system
+6qDr6193B-A-01732-00403631-00403756 um we want to give we have to give
+6qDr6193B-A-01733-00403757-00403913 people a lot of notice because if you're
+6qDr6193B-A-01734-00403914-00404147 working on an old system changing those
+6qDr6193B-A-01735-00404148-00404369 those tax systems take some time so
+6qDr6193B-A-01736-00404370-00404645 there are some real challenges here and
+6qDr6193B-A-01737-00404646-00404956 and it will for example if the Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-01738-00404957-00405178 government wished to make changes to tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01739-00405179-00405382 rates or thresholds you know we would
+6qDr6193B-A-01740-00405383-00405539 then make certain we communicate that as
+6qDr6193B-A-01741-00405540-00405725 early as possible the early we can
+6qDr6193B-A-01742-00405726-00406001 communicate it uh the the less chance
+6qDr6193B-A-01743-00406002-00406210 there are of Errors so it's a number of
+6qDr6193B-A-01744-00406211-00406408 factors that the driving nothing I would
+6qDr6193B-A-01745-00406409-00406528 think this
+6qDr6193B-A-01746-00406529-00406697 suggest there's particular concerns in
+6qDr6193B-A-01747-00406698-00406960 particular areas or particular practices
+6qDr6193B-A-01748-00406961-00407243 Okay so go back and inform employers if
+6qDr6193B-A-01749-00407244-00407477 there's any issues is there any evidence
+6qDr6193B-A-01750-00407478-00407704 of repeat offenders
+6qDr6193B-A-01751-00407705-00407915 and if there is energy offenders and
+6qDr6193B-A-01752-00407916-00408034 it's been deliberately is there any
+6qDr6193B-A-01753-00408035-00408334 action taken so if people are not
+6qDr6193B-A-01754-00408335-00408677 operating the pay correctly we can take
+6qDr6193B-A-01755-00408678-00408928 take action but it is very rare we find
+6qDr6193B-A-01756-00408929-00409219 uh we find we find that
+6qDr6193B-A-01757-00409220-00409475 there are
+6qDr6193B-A-01758-00409476-00409672 some people who use avoidance schemes
+6qDr6193B-A-01759-00409673-00410009 where we do see people not operating
+6qDr6193B-A-01760-00410010-00410291 um pay correctly or
+6qDr6193B-A-01761-00410292-00410489 they're operating POI correctly but only
+6qDr6193B-A-01762-00410489-00410728 on a portion of people's people's income
+6qDr6193B-A-01763-00410729-00410891 so there are some issues issues there
+6qDr6193B-A-01764-00410892-00411053 but in general
+6qDr6193B-A-01765-00411054-00411280 as I said Pay we see work very
+6qDr6193B-A-01766-00411281-00411437 efficiently I don't know Phil if you
+6qDr6193B-A-01767-00411438-00411689 wanted to add any color to that only
+6qDr6193B-A-01768-00411689-00411916 that we see no evidence of uh you know
+6qDr6193B-A-01769-00411917-00412120 recidivism as it were repeat offenders
+6qDr6193B-A-01770-00412121-00412337 in the application of s codes amongst
+6qDr6193B-A-01771-00412338-00412522 amongst employers
+6qDr6193B-A-01772-00412523-00412768 um we we concentrate on on the large
+6qDr6193B-A-01773-00412769-00412972 ones not because they're any sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-01774-00412973-00413164 less compliant per se but just because
+6qDr6193B-A-01775-00413166-00413374 that has an effect on a larger number of
+6qDr6193B-A-01776-00413375-00413566 Employments and a large number of
+6qDr6193B-A-01777-00413567-00413789 individuals so that's if we're sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-01778-00413789-00413951 prioritizing our attention that's where
+6qDr6193B-A-01779-00413952-00414178 we prioritize them okay thanks and just
+6qDr6193B-A-01780-00414179-00414574 one last question and addresses who's um
+6qDr6193B-A-01781-00414575-00414749 who has it that's responsible for
+6qDr6193B-A-01782-00414750-00414953 notifying hmrc if somebody moves house
+6qDr6193B-A-01783-00414954-00415313 or changes address so it it depends on
+6qDr6193B-A-01784-00415314-00415601 which income tax regime you're in so for
+6qDr6193B-A-01785-00415602-00415984 paye we rely primarily on employers
+6qDr6193B-A-01786-00415985-00416339 uh for that and certainly for people if
+6qDr6193B-A-01787-00416339-00416560 you are recruiting somebody new to your
+6qDr6193B-A-01788-00416562-00416776 company we expect you to have to to to
+6qDr6193B-A-01789-00416777-00417149 have an address uh for for that uh for
+6qDr6193B-A-01790-00417150-00417413 for that person the challenge comes I
+6qDr6193B-A-01791-00417414-00417647 think when people move and don't always
+6qDr6193B-A-01792-00417647-00417947 tell their employers or take some time
+6qDr6193B-A-01793-00417947-00418205 to tell their that that that that their
+6qDr6193B-A-01794-00418206-00418499 their employers for self-assessment we
+6qDr6193B-A-01795-00418500-00418672 primarily rely on
+6qDr6193B-A-01796-00418673-00418984 uh the uh uh the the individual
+6qDr6193B-A-01797-00418985-00419201 themselves because that's how we how we
+6qDr6193B-A-01798-00419202-00419416 communicate with them
+6qDr6193B-A-01799-00419417-00419633 um or traditionally been how we've
+6qDr6193B-A-01800-00419634-00419770 communicated with people through uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01801-00419771-00420064 through posts so it varies between the
+6qDr6193B-A-01802-00420066-00420268 tax regime but employers are very
+6qDr6193B-A-01803-00420269-00420485 important in the in in this in this in
+6qDr6193B-A-01804-00420485-00420653 this process
+6qDr6193B-A-01805-00420654-00420887 um and as I said I think
+6qDr6193B-A-01806-00420888-00421060 through the operation of Scottish income
+6qDr6193B-A-01807-00421062-00421283 tax I think you know employers have
+6qDr6193B-A-01808-00421284-00421553 become more aware of the importance of
+6qDr6193B-A-01809-00421554-00421799 address data in getting uh and getting
+6qDr6193B-A-01810-00421800-00421979 that and getting their employees tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01811-00421980-00422249 right so I think there's been a bit of a
+6qDr6193B-A-01812-00422250-00422495 learning curve I'm hopeful there's been
+6qDr6193B-A-01813-00422496-00422668 a bit of a learning curve and that
+6qDr6193B-A-01814-00422669-00422897 employers are now more sensitive to uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01815-00422897-00423047 to this than they have been in the past
+6qDr6193B-A-01816-00423047-00423335 yeah relying an employees to inform them
+6qDr6193B-A-01817-00423335-00423509 but there's nothing in place for like
+6qDr6193B-A-01818-00423510-00423707 estate agents or letting agents or
+6qDr6193B-A-01819-00423708-00423941 anything to notify anyone of changes of
+6qDr6193B-A-01820-00423942-00424295 address or anyone buying properties no
+6qDr6193B-A-01821-00424296-00424666 um we don't have we don't use use that
+6qDr6193B-A-01822-00424667-00424931 um uh again we are looking at kind of
+6qDr6193B-A-01823-00424932-00425099 how we can use third-party data more
+6qDr6193B-A-01824-00425100-00425243 generally
+6qDr6193B-A-01825-00425243-00425555 um and as we said sometimes the clashing
+6qDr6193B-A-01826-00425556-00425803 exercise that we do does yield
+6qDr6193B-A-01827-00425804-00425975 inconsistencies and then we try and
+6qDr6193B-A-01828-00425976-00426179 contact contact people to try and get
+6qDr6193B-A-01829-00426180-00426460 those right so but it's not an automatic
+6qDr6193B-A-01830-00426462-00426581 process
+6qDr6193B-A-01831-00426582-00426809 um quite in that way the primary way in
+6qDr6193B-A-01832-00426810-00427164 which we get addresses is through
+6qDr6193B-A-01833-00427165-00427439 employers or the individuals themselves
+6qDr6193B-A-01834-00427439-00427607 okay thank you
+6qDr6193B-A-01835-00427608-00427781 I think Willie coffee wanted to come
+6qDr6193B-A-01836-00427782-00427966 back in on this area too so Willie
+6qDr6193B-A-01837-00427967-00428218 thanks could I just prove a little
+6qDr6193B-A-01838-00428219-00428416 further about the the numbers that are
+6qDr6193B-A-01839-00428417-00428531 not
+6qDr6193B-A-01840-00428532-00428687 um properly
+6qDr6193B-A-01841-00428688-00428849 um do not properly have an escort
+6qDr6193B-A-01842-00428850-00429191 attached it's something like 41 000. uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01843-00429192-00429664 stated in March 22 in March 21 it was 39
+6qDr6193B-A-01844-00429665-00429839 000 so the percentage might were going
+6qDr6193B-A-01845-00429839-00430001 to be but full but the actual numbers
+6qDr6193B-A-01846-00430002-00430247 are going up real yes codes aren't
+6qDr6193B-A-01847-00430247-00430522 annoyingly not being apply applied
+6qDr6193B-A-01848-00430523-00430781 correctly firstly is it an offense for
+6qDr6193B-A-01849-00430782-00431075 an employer and not to apply the S code
+6qDr6193B-A-01850-00431076-00431345 correctly when they know they should do
+6qDr6193B-A-01851-00431346-00431464 so
+6qDr6193B-A-01852-00431465-00431609 um
+6qDr6193B-A-01853-00431610-00431891 I I think most of the time we wouldn't
+6qDr6193B-A-01854-00431892-00432287 see it as as as as as a offense in terms
+6qDr6193B-A-01855-00432288-00432455 of not operating the the tax code
+6qDr6193B-A-01856-00432456-00432653 correctly
+6qDr6193B-A-01857-00432654-00432913 um as I said our aim is to primarily
+6qDr6193B-A-01858-00432914-00433301 it's it's a question of Education
+6qDr6193B-A-01859-00433302-00433613 um and at the end of the year even if a
+6qDr6193B-A-01860-00433614-00433793 employer had not operated as hex code
+6qDr6193B-A-01861-00433793-00434051 tax code correctly we will correct it to
+6qDr6193B-A-01862-00434052-00434320 make certain it it it it is right
+6qDr6193B-A-01863-00434321-00434572 however if we were to see
+6qDr6193B-A-01864-00434573-00434920 um an employer's you know serially not
+6qDr6193B-A-01865-00434921-00435149 meeting their obligations
+6qDr6193B-A-01866-00435150-00435359 that would be a concern for us and there
+6qDr6193B-A-01867-00435360-00435599 are potential penalties uh we we could
+6qDr6193B-A-01868-00435600-00435868 we we could apply but as Phil has said
+6qDr6193B-A-01869-00435869-00436210 we don't see that it's more a
+6qDr6193B-A-01870-00436212-00436463 a challenge of sort of people not being
+6qDr6193B-A-01871-00436464-00436870 aware or having you know slightly clunky
+6qDr6193B-A-01872-00436871-00437153 I.T systems that don't fully fully
+6qDr6193B-A-01873-00437154-00437416 operate but in in general our approach I
+6qDr6193B-A-01874-00437417-00437560 said particularly with employers where
+6qDr6193B-A-01875-00437562-00437663 we know
+6qDr6193B-A-01876-00437664-00437849 there's very little deliberate
+6qDr6193B-A-01877-00437850-00438029 non-compliance
+6qDr6193B-A-01878-00438030-00438281 um uh you know our approach is based
+6qDr6193B-A-01879-00438282-00438516 around education and support rather than
+6qDr6193B-A-01880-00438517-00438905 uh rather than uh penalties or even the
+6qDr6193B-A-01881-00438906-00439133 threat of prosecution okay
+6qDr6193B-A-01882-00439134-00439283 um it says in the report that it's a
+6qDr6193B-A-01883-00439284-00439409 small number
+6qDr6193B-A-01884-00439410-00439649 of employers that are involved here but
+6qDr6193B-A-01885-00439650-00439864 it's 41 000 yeah
+6qDr6193B-A-01886-00439865-00440099 so there must be a large number of
+6qDr6193B-A-01887-00440100-00440405 people working for a single employer who
+6qDr6193B-A-01888-00440406-00440716 are not paying their proper s code tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01889-00440717-00440905 code so it's
+6qDr6193B-A-01890-00440906-00441287 yeah exactly so as Phil said it can be
+6qDr6193B-A-01891-00441288-00441485 sometimes a large employee get you know
+6qDr6193B-A-01892-00441485-00441647 has a problem and because they're a
+6qDr6193B-A-01893-00441647-00441785 large employer it will affect a large
+6qDr6193B-A-01894-00441785-00442109 number of uh large number of people and
+6qDr6193B-A-01895-00442110-00442427 often as I said it it it's because it's
+6qDr6193B-A-01896-00442428-00442660 not necessarily the same employers every
+6qDr6193B-A-01897-00442662-00442960 every year it's a sort of Simply a churn
+6qDr6193B-A-01898-00442962-00443207 of you know a problem arises something
+6qDr6193B-A-01899-00443208-00443410 is not perhaps handled properly in their
+6qDr6193B-A-01900-00443412-00443620 ID I.T system and they need to correct
+6qDr6193B-A-01901-00443621-00443975 it so it it some of this I think is
+6qDr6193B-A-01902-00443976-00444095 going to be quite interesting as to kind
+6qDr6193B-A-01903-00444096-00444335 of how much of that we will get will get
+6qDr6193B-A-01904-00444335-00444557 better over time as employers learn and
+6qDr6193B-A-01905-00444558-00444887 how much of it is just natural because
+6qDr6193B-A-01906-00444888-00445066 every you know you make a change and the
+6qDr6193B-A-01907-00445067-00445270 IT system doesn't quite respond in the
+6qDr6193B-A-01908-00445271-00445468 way you you you expect
+6qDr6193B-A-01909-00445469-00445643 um so I think there's just a bit of a we
+6qDr6193B-A-01910-00445643-00445810 will learn a bit more as we go through
+6qDr6193B-A-01911-00445812-00445943 this as I said hopefully we're seeing
+6qDr6193B-A-01912-00445943-00446129 encouraging signs of things going in the
+6qDr6193B-A-01913-00446130-00446405 right direction but it remains it remain
+6qDr6193B-A-01914-00446406-00446675 remains a challenge and there's and and
+6qDr6193B-A-01915-00446676-00446809 just
+6qDr6193B-A-01916-00446810-00447239 go go back the primary I think problem
+6qDr6193B-A-01917-00447239-00447539 here is that the employee is not playing
+6qDr6193B-A-01918-00447539-00447718 the correct tax during the year and that
+6qDr6193B-A-01919-00447719-00447868 either means they end up with a
+6qDr6193B-A-01920-00447869-00447989 potentially a little bit of a windfall
+6qDr6193B-A-01921-00447989-00448139 at the end of the year or
+6qDr6193B-A-01922-00448139-00448355 uh having to pay a bit more
+6qDr6193B-A-01923-00448356-00448553 um than they expect so it doesn't affect
+6qDr6193B-A-01924-00448554-00448907 the receipts being collected but it does
+6qDr6193B-A-01925-00448908-00449014 have
+6qDr6193B-A-01926-00449015-00449279 um a you know an impact on on that
+6qDr6193B-A-01927-00449280-00449597 employee so that's the primary uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01928-00449597-00449866 primary way in which that that incorrect
+6qDr6193B-A-01929-00449867-00450016 application of the S codes would affect
+6qDr6193B-A-01930-00450017-00450185 uh would affect the operation of the tax
+6qDr6193B-A-01931-00450185-00450449 system and the employers that involved
+6qDr6193B-A-01932-00450450-00450677 here is it publicly available to know
+6qDr6193B-A-01933-00450678-00450935 who they are or is it confidential that
+6qDr6193B-A-01934-00450935-00451222 we will never know who they are so we we
+6qDr6193B-A-01935-00451223-00451351 did we
+6qDr6193B-A-01936-00451352-00451613 the the the the the the rules under
+6qDr6193B-A-01937-00451614-00451883 which we operate give us very little
+6qDr6193B-A-01938-00451884-00452213 discretion to name uh any taxpayer or
+6qDr6193B-A-01939-00452214-00452435 any uh any organization involved
+6qDr6193B-A-01940-00452435-00452645 involved so
+6qDr6193B-A-01941-00452646-00452866 um uh yeah we wouldn't be able to uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01942-00452867-00453172 disclose that disclose that information
+6qDr6193B-A-01943-00453173-00453341 um obviously we we do sometimes have
+6qDr6193B-A-01944-00453342-00453497 powers to disclose but that's only for
+6qDr6193B-A-01945-00453497-00453695 the most egregious behavior and as I
+6qDr6193B-A-01946-00453696-00453983 said in this scenario we are seeing this
+6qDr6193B-A-01947-00453984-00454259 as more inadvertent
+6qDr6193B-A-01948-00454260-00454516 um error or problems with their systems
+6qDr6193B-A-01949-00454517-00454720 rather than anything deliberate so I
+6qDr6193B-A-01950-00454721-00454870 think we would see it's disproportionate
+6qDr6193B-A-01951-00454871-00455081 to try and uh to try and name people
+6qDr6193B-A-01952-00455082-00455303 involved in this so that employers can
+6qDr6193B-A-01953-00455304-00455657 not apply the correct tax code to
+6qDr6193B-A-01954-00455658-00455945 employees and remain anonymous if if
+6qDr6193B-A-01955-00455946-00456179 they were doing this systematically and
+6qDr6193B-A-01956-00456180-00456577 repeatedly we would look to penalties or
+6qDr6193B-A-01957-00456578-00456857 prosecution but what we're seeing at the
+6qDr6193B-A-01958-00456858-00457037 moment is
+6qDr6193B-A-01959-00457038-00457120 um
+6qDr6193B-A-01960-00457121-00457397 administrative problems challenges with
+6qDr6193B-A-01961-00457397-00457637 the administration and we think that
+6qDr6193B-A-01962-00457638-00457787 would you know that's a very different
+6qDr6193B-A-01963-00457788-00458039 sort of behavior to the harder Edge you
+6qDr6193B-A-01964-00458039-00458351 know we in hmrc we see a wide range of
+6qDr6193B-A-01965-00458352-00458620 behaviors from error simple error
+6qDr6193B-A-01966-00458621-00458831 you know things going wrong right
+6qDr6193B-A-01967-00458832-00459083 through to hard-edged organized criminal
+6qDr6193B-A-01968-00459084-00459359 gangs you know we are talking all the
+6qDr6193B-A-01969-00459360-00459545 things are on the S code are all in that
+6qDr6193B-A-01970-00459546-00459875 that end of the spectrum of of error so
+6qDr6193B-A-01971-00459876-00460109 that's that's that's how we treat uh
+6qDr6193B-A-01972-00460110-00460295 this particular issue the last last few
+6qDr6193B-A-01973-00460296-00460516 years is it a value at all attached to
+6qDr6193B-A-01974-00460517-00460787 the 41 000 who are not paying the proper
+6qDr6193B-A-01975-00460788-00461068 Scottish other value an overall value of
+6qDr6193B-A-01976-00461069-00461351 a loss uh so as I said it I don't know
+6qDr6193B-A-01977-00461352-00461549 if we've got that that number as I said
+6qDr6193B-A-01978-00461550-00461813 it wouldn't be a loss to the and often
+6qDr6193B-A-01979-00461814-00461963 what we're doing is it might only be one
+6qDr6193B-A-01980-00461964-00462245 month or two months that it might apply
+6qDr6193B-A-01981-00462246-00462509 to so but again I think I'd have to
+6qDr6193B-A-01982-00462510-00462743 we'll have to look as to whether we've
+6qDr6193B-A-01983-00462743-00462922 got the data as to how I mean I think
+6qDr6193B-A-01984-00462923-00463145 what you might be interested in is of
+6qDr6193B-A-01985-00463146-00463445 that 41 000 actually if if 40 000 is
+6qDr6193B-A-01986-00463446-00463618 only one month that's out then that's
+6qDr6193B-A-01987-00463619-00463787 different so let's go away and see if we
+6qDr6193B-A-01988-00463788-00464033 can find some data around the 41 000 or
+6qDr6193B-A-01989-00464034-00464345 whatever the number is to uh to give you
+6qDr6193B-A-01990-00464346-00464585 a bit more bit more insight anyway
+6qDr6193B-A-01991-00464585-00464807 thanks for that thanks again thank you I
+6qDr6193B-A-01992-00464808-00464963 think Craig I want you to come in with a
+6qDr6193B-A-01993-00464964-00465427 very quick question on
+6qDr6193B-A-01994-00465428-00465622 if you don't mind me just crunching
+6qDr6193B-A-01995-00465623-00465749 introversely just going back to the
+6qDr6193B-A-01996-00465750-00466043 issue of behavioral patterns
+6qDr6193B-A-01997-00466043-00466181 um just uh there were some figures I was
+6qDr6193B-A-01998-00466182-00466313 looking for earlier but I couldn't keep
+6qDr6193B-A-01999-00466314-00466481 I've located them now there was a report
+6qDr6193B-A-02000-00466482-00466745 that the hmrc produced that said that
+6qDr6193B-A-02001-00466746-00466960 for a one percent reduction in the
+6qDr6193B-A-02002-00466962-00467249 proportion of income uh that uh operate
+6qDr6193B-A-02003-00467250-00467489 taxpayers and earning 150 000 pounds
+6qDr6193B-A-02004-00467489-00467722 routine so one percent reduction in
+6qDr6193B-A-02005-00467723-00467851 their income
+6qDr6193B-A-02006-00467852-00468137 that leads to reduction of between 0.52
+6qDr6193B-A-02007-00468138-00468581 and 0.75 7 in the level of income needed
+6qDr6193B-A-02008-00468582-00468713 clear now it was quite clear that that
+6qDr6193B-A-02009-00468714-00468899 report I think said that wasn't done in
+6qDr6193B-A-02010-00468900-00469051 non-compliance that was down to
+6qDr6193B-A-02011-00469052-00469259 behavioral change
+6qDr6193B-A-02012-00469260-00469445 um on the basis of that it don't we
+6qDr6193B-A-02013-00469446-00469541 already have some quite empirical
+6qDr6193B-A-02014-00469542-00469714 evidence that suggests that those
+6qDr6193B-A-02015-00469715-00469931 increases will lead to behavioral change
+6qDr6193B-A-02016-00469932-00470129 and who should be advising ministers in
+6qDr6193B-A-02017-00470130-00470363 relation to that is hmrc is it the
+6qDr6193B-A-02018-00470364-00470560 Scottish exchecker or should it be the
+6qDr6193B-A-02019-00470562-00470675 Scottish Festival Commission because
+6qDr6193B-A-02020-00470676-00470975 those figures seem very clear to me so
+6qDr6193B-A-02021-00470976-00471247 um those numbers uh were reflected
+6qDr6193B-A-02022-00471247-00471479 fiscal commissions
+6qDr6193B-A-02023-00471480-00471709 um estimate of how much additional
+6qDr6193B-A-02024-00471710-00471959 income would be brought in and so they
+6qDr6193B-A-02025-00471960-00472313 they apply their judgment on on that
+6qDr6193B-A-02026-00472314-00472522 um as as you said there's quite a lot of
+6qDr6193B-A-02027-00472523-00472618 research
+6qDr6193B-A-02028-00472619-00473110 uh um now on on on those parameters
+6qDr6193B-A-02029-00473112-00473345 um and to to avoid risk of going to
+6qDr6193B-A-02030-00473346-00473518 jogging that's called a taximum taxable
+6qDr6193B-A-02031-00473519-00473789 income elasticity or a tie so there is a
+6qDr6193B-A-02032-00473789-00473975 considerable evidence out there
+6qDr6193B-A-02033-00473976-00474203 um and uh it's quite a special fiscal
+6qDr6193B-A-02034-00474204-00474520 commission took a judgment on on that
+6qDr6193B-A-02035-00474521-00474833 but um normally what happens is you know
+6qDr6193B-A-02036-00474834-00475229 as as operators of the the tax system we
+6qDr6193B-A-02037-00475230-00475439 do research ourselves we allow others to
+6qDr6193B-A-02038-00475439-00475666 do research it's then really for policy
+6qDr6193B-A-02039-00475667-00475913 makers to determine how they take into
+6qDr6193B-A-02040-00475914-00476285 account uh those those judgments around
+6qDr6193B-A-02041-00476285-00476501 those particular particular parameters
+6qDr6193B-A-02042-00476502-00476843 so um but you know as I said our our job
+6qDr6193B-A-02043-00476843-00476993 is to make certain that that that's that
+6qDr6193B-A-02044-00476993-00477239 that information is is available it's
+6qDr6193B-A-02045-00477239-00477491 then for policy makers to decide how
+6qDr6193B-A-02046-00477492-00477743 they wish to weigh up the different
+6qDr6193B-A-02047-00477743-00478049 um uh factors that they would take into
+6qDr6193B-A-02048-00478050-00478259 account into into setting or setting
+6qDr6193B-A-02049-00478260-00478439 policy but in terms of I know you've got
+6qDr6193B-A-02050-00478439-00478570 thanks to saying in your teachers in
+6qDr6193B-A-02051-00478571-00478745 terms of tax saying that that's a pretty
+6qDr6193B-A-02052-00478746-00478960 clear piece of the jigsaw that you were
+6qDr6193B-A-02053-00478962-00479101 building today
+6qDr6193B-A-02054-00479102-00479441 indeed and if I go back to a sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-02055-00479442-00479849 uk-wide policy announcement this was a
+6qDr6193B-A-02056-00479850-00480047 key that that particular set of that
+6qDr6193B-A-02057-00480047-00480268 particular parameter was a key issue in
+6qDr6193B-A-02058-00480269-00480610 deciding about the future of the 50 tax
+6qDr6193B-A-02059-00480612-00480977 rate that was uh uh that went that was
+6qDr6193B-A-02060-00480978-00481216 introduced and then was reduced to 45 so
+6qDr6193B-A-02061-00481217-00481475 all of those sort of decisions
+6qDr6193B-A-02062-00481476-00481685 take into account those sort of
+6qDr6193B-A-02063-00481685-00481937 Behavioral responses and then it's for I
+6qDr6193B-A-02064-00481938-00482281 mean it's just a way up the varying
+6qDr6193B-A-02065-00482282-00482572 competing uh issues that they wish to
+6qDr6193B-A-02066-00482573-00482837 take account of in terms of and that's a
+6qDr6193B-A-02067-00482838-00483047 matter for Scottish government ministers
+6qDr6193B-A-02068-00483047-00483214 to take into account thanks thanks for
+6qDr6193B-A-02069-00483215-00483353 the clarification
+6qDr6193B-A-02070-00483354-00483520 thank you thank you
+6qDr6193B-A-02071-00483521-00483718 um my final question is to Alison
+6qDr6193B-A-02072-00483719-00484001 Stafford and that is to ask if you could
+6qDr6193B-A-02073-00484002-00484168 tell us what the Scottish government's
+6qDr6193B-A-02074-00484169-00484468 position is on the deployment of private
+6qDr6193B-A-02075-00484469-00484787 debt collection agencies
+6qDr6193B-A-02076-00484788-00485213 so um in relation to Scottish income tax
+6qDr6193B-A-02077-00485214-00485489 the administration and the collection of
+6qDr6193B-A-02078-00485489-00485722 that is actually all part of what hmrc
+6qDr6193B-A-02079-00485723-00486091 does and that's part of the the
+6qDr6193B-A-02080-00486092-00486522 arrangement to maximize fairly the tax
+6qDr6193B-A-02081-00486523-00486983 collection that's due to Scotland I'm
+6qDr6193B-A-02082-00486984-00487114 aware that
+6qDr6193B-A-02083-00487115-00487343 um because of the level of debt that
+6qDr6193B-A-02084-00487343-00487553 built up through the pandemic that
+6qDr6193B-A-02085-00487554-00487810 colleagues in hmrc have not only
+6qDr6193B-A-02086-00487812-00488039 increased their own capacity but also
+6qDr6193B-A-02087-00488039-00488563 used on particular situations the use of
+6qDr6193B-A-02088-00488564-00488910 outsourced debt collection Arrangements
+6qDr6193B-A-02089-00488912-00489263 we would expect in the way that hmrc
+6qDr6193B-A-02090-00489264-00489503 commission that activity that they do so
+6qDr6193B-A-02091-00489504-00489743 in a way that is compassionate and
+6qDr6193B-A-02092-00489743-00489977 proportionate a response you know to be
+6qDr6193B-A-02093-00489978-00490241 taken in relation to the areas and I'm
+6qDr6193B-A-02094-00490242-00490541 also aware that it may well be that hmrc
+6qDr6193B-A-02095-00490542-00490739 are not only seeking through those
+6qDr6193B-A-02096-00490739-00490949 measures to collect tax that's fairly
+6qDr6193B-A-02097-00490950-00491237 due for Scotland but also other tax that
+6qDr6193B-A-02098-00491238-00491381 maybe due as well
+6qDr6193B-A-02099-00491382-00491627 so we recognize that there is a
+6qDr6193B-A-02100-00491628-00491718 challenge
+6qDr6193B-A-02101-00491719-00492145 and that we do not have a particular
+6qDr6193B-A-02102-00492146-00492520 direct link in this is part of what is
+6qDr6193B-A-02103-00492521-00492737 still part of the overall Administration
+6qDr6193B-A-02104-00492738-00492947 Arrangements that hmrc have to apply
+6qDr6193B-A-02105-00492947-00493235 across the board to the UK
+6qDr6193B-A-02106-00493235-00493409 um I think it's fair to invite Jonathan
+6qDr6193B-A-02107-00493410-00493727 to say about how they administer those
+6qDr6193B-A-02108-00493728-00493949 contracts but I think
+6qDr6193B-A-02109-00493950-00494153 um we recognize there has to be a mixed
+6qDr6193B-A-02110-00494154-00494435 economy in how tax debt is followed up
+6qDr6193B-A-02111-00494435-00494651 I'm very much aware of the fact that um
+6qDr6193B-A-02112-00494652-00494879 tax debt is generated on income that has
+6qDr6193B-A-02113-00494880-00495305 already been earned by individuals and
+6qDr6193B-A-02114-00495306-00495557 and obviously we will want to make sure
+6qDr6193B-A-02115-00495558-00495797 that where their liability has been
+6qDr6193B-A-02116-00495797-00496043 assessed that it is actually fairly
+6qDr6193B-A-02117-00496043-00496181 collected but as I say in a
+6qDr6193B-A-02118-00496182-00496368 compassionate and proportionate way
+6qDr6193B-A-02119-00496369-00496643 because I'm very much aware that the tax
+6qDr6193B-A-02120-00496643-00496955 is something that is then paying for
+6qDr6193B-A-02121-00496956-00497255 public services in Scotland and paying
+6qDr6193B-A-02122-00497256-00497614 for public servants like yourselves so
+6qDr6193B-A-02123-00497615-00497933 it's uh it's about keeping that uh the
+6qDr6193B-A-02124-00497934-00498077 flow through so Jonathan I don't know if
+6qDr6193B-A-02125-00498078-00498287 you would like to just add a little more
+6qDr6193B-A-02126-00498288-00498575 about how you oversee
+6qDr6193B-A-02127-00498576-00498875 um that debt collection Arrangement but
+6qDr6193B-A-02128-00498876-00499037 before we do that can I just ask you
+6qDr6193B-A-02129-00499038-00499216 then you you said that you were in the
+6qDr6193B-A-02130-00499217-00499349 Scottish government's position is in
+6qDr6193B-A-02131-00499350-00499553 favor of a mixed economy
+6qDr6193B-A-02132-00499554-00499703 but I mean for example it doesn't have a
+6qDr6193B-A-02133-00499704-00499943 mixed economy in the recovery of all the
+6qDr6193B-A-02134-00499943-00500105 payments of Social Security it's got
+6qDr6193B-A-02135-00500106-00500441 very clear policy uh that um any uh
+6qDr6193B-A-02136-00500442-00500699 overpayments through the Social Security
+6qDr6193B-A-02137-00500700-00500933 Scotland agency are recovered by
+6qDr6193B-A-02138-00500934-00501143 in-house teams it's not outsourced to
+6qDr6193B-A-02139-00501143-00501341 private debt agencies so why is this
+6qDr6193B-A-02140-00501342-00501449 different
+6qDr6193B-A-02141-00501450-00501689 um so this is based on the fact that the
+6qDr6193B-A-02142-00501689-00502187 administration of income tax is by hmrc
+6qDr6193B-A-02143-00502188-00502487 and we rely on the administration by
+6qDr6193B-A-02144-00502488-00502877 hmrc deploying their their Arrangements
+6qDr6193B-A-02145-00502878-00503164 on behalf of Scotland for Scottish
+6qDr6193B-A-02146-00503165-00503405 income tax so there's a distinction
+6qDr6193B-A-02147-00503406-00503663 between having something that is part of
+6qDr6193B-A-02148-00503664-00503903 a Scottish Administration directly by
+6qDr6193B-A-02149-00503904-00504113 Scotland and an Administration that
+6qDr6193B-A-02150-00504114-00504395 relies on the on the systems processes
+6qDr6193B-A-02151-00504396-00504689 and services that are part of hmrc it's
+6qDr6193B-A-02152-00504689-00504868 quite a distinct thing and as I say
+6qDr6193B-A-02153-00504869-00505181 individuals who owe tax have already had
+6qDr6193B-A-02154-00505182-00505420 the income and obviously you want to
+6qDr6193B-A-02155-00505421-00505570 make sure that the tax that's due on
+6qDr6193B-A-02156-00505571-00505943 that income is is fairly collected
+6qDr6193B-A-02157-00505943-00506213 um but as I say it's important to us
+6qDr6193B-A-02158-00506214-00506405 that that is still carried out in a
+6qDr6193B-A-02159-00506406-00506668 compassionate and proportionate way
+6qDr6193B-A-02160-00506669-00506891 okay right I mean we've got just a
+6qDr6193B-A-02161-00506892-00507022 couple of minutes left uh Jonathan
+6qDr6193B-A-02162-00507023-00507185 Arthur if you want to add to that please
+6qDr6193B-A-02163-00507185-00507575 yeah so um so uh as Alison said
+6qDr6193B-A-02164-00507576-00508055 um we operate a a debt uh service that
+6qDr6193B-A-02165-00508056-00508391 is based on all uh debts owed to hmrc so
+6qDr6193B-A-02166-00508392-00508660 uh in theory a number of different taxes
+6qDr6193B-A-02167-00508662-00508864 could have given a risen to the debt so
+6qDr6193B-A-02168-00508865-00508997 it could have been Scottish income tax
+6qDr6193B-A-02169-00508997-00509207 or it could have been other uh other
+6qDr6193B-A-02170-00509208-00509518 taxes or a mix uh mix of the two we only
+6qDr6193B-A-02171-00509519-00509818 use debt collection agencies uh in
+6qDr6193B-A-02172-00509819-00510113 certain uh certain roles so they they do
+6qDr6193B-A-02173-00510114-00510307 desk based work so they can they can
+6qDr6193B-A-02174-00510308-00510563 make telephone calls they can write
+6qDr6193B-A-02175-00510564-00510803 letters they can send text messages they
+6qDr6193B-A-02176-00510804-00511168 never go out to visit uh uh visit
+6qDr6193B-A-02177-00511169-00511516 taxpayers or or claimants and they don't
+6qDr6193B-A-02178-00511517-00511793 take in don't take enforcement action uh
+6qDr6193B-A-02179-00511793-00511997 through the courts or those those sorts
+6qDr6193B-A-02180-00511997-00512243 of things so their role is is limited we
+6qDr6193B-A-02181-00512243-00512399 also oversee them
+6qDr6193B-A-02182-00512400-00512627 um they are regulated by the financial
+6qDr6193B-A-02183-00512628-00512927 conduct Authority and we also audit
+6qDr6193B-A-02184-00512928-00513118 their behaviors to make certain they are
+6qDr6193B-A-02185-00513119-00513479 abiding by our rules and processes
+6qDr6193B-A-02186-00513480-00513791 um I I one of the challenges we have at
+6qDr6193B-A-02187-00513792-00514097 the moment is as an organization at any
+6qDr6193B-A-02188-00514097-00514325 one time we have about 40 billion pounds
+6qDr6193B-A-02189-00514326-00514585 of outstanding debt
+6qDr6193B-A-02190-00514585-00514883 and what we wanted to avoid is any of
+6qDr6193B-A-02191-00514884-00515170 that debt becoming non-payment and that
+6qDr6193B-A-02192-00515171-00515405 being lost lost to the exchequer so for
+6qDr6193B-A-02193-00515406-00515614 us it's really important we collect the
+6qDr6193B-A-02194-00515615-00515879 money that is due but we also need to
+6qDr6193B-A-02195-00515880-00516083 make certain we do it in a proportionate
+6qDr6193B-A-02196-00516084-00516347 a proportionate way and you know one of
+6qDr6193B-A-02197-00516347-00516479 the challenges we sometimes face
+6qDr6193B-A-02198-00516480-00516718 actually with with is people not coming
+6qDr6193B-A-02199-00516719-00516887 forward if people come forward we can
+6qDr6193B-A-02200-00516888-00517049 offer them time to pay arrangements or
+6qDr6193B-A-02201-00517050-00517289 do other things to support them so we
+6qDr6193B-A-02202-00517289-00517499 are mindful of of the challenges here
+6qDr6193B-A-02203-00517500-00517709 and also given the wider economic
+6qDr6193B-A-02204-00517710-00517895 circumstances that many people are
+6qDr6193B-A-02205-00517896-00518189 feeling uh financially squeezed at the
+6qDr6193B-A-02206-00518189-00518368 moment so I hope that gives you a bit
+6qDr6193B-A-02207-00518369-00518603 more context as to how we operate with
+6qDr6193B-A-02208-00518604-00518705 debt collection
+6qDr6193B-A-02209-00518706-00518945 okay thank you we are really out of time
+6qDr6193B-A-02210-00518946-00519095 so if I could just make one final
+6qDr6193B-A-02211-00519096-00519251 request and that is I wonder whether you
+6qDr6193B-A-02212-00519252-00519431 could supply to the committee in writing
+6qDr6193B-A-02213-00519432-00519677 a list of those private debt collection
+6qDr6193B-A-02214-00519678-00520018 agencies who are operational in Scotland
+6qDr6193B-A-02215-00520019-00520247 um that'll be helpful look that's um
+6qDr6193B-A-02216-00520247-00520481 that's been a very um useful session for
+6qDr6193B-A-02217-00520482-00520733 us uh and uh can I thank um Allison
+6qDr6193B-A-02218-00520734-00521039 Stafford Lorraine King uh Jonathan athar
+6qDr6193B-A-02219-00521039-00521297 and Phil Batchelor for your uh evidence
+6qDr6193B-A-02220-00521297-00521483 this morning uh we will of course
+6qDr6193B-A-02221-00521484-00521633 consider whether there are any further
+6qDr6193B-A-02222-00521634-00521818 steps that we would like to take but um
+6qDr6193B-A-02223-00521819-00522010 for the time being can I thank you very
+6qDr6193B-A-02224-00522012-00522305 much for your uh for your evidence and
+6qDr6193B-A-02225-00522306-00522514 I'll now draw the public part of this
+6qDr6193B-A-02226-00522515-00522926 morning's meeting to a close thank you