Question: Suddenly today, Selenium could not be launched in my project. The error messages are as follows: main.py:11: DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options,executable_path='drivers/chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver') Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/runpy.py", line 196, in _run_module_as_main return _run_code(code, main_globals, None, File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code exec(code, run_globals) File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/adapter/../../debugpy/launcher/../../debugpy/__main__.py", line 39, in <module> cli.main() File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/adapter/../../debugpy/launcher/../../debugpy/../debugpy/server/cli.py", line 430, in main run() File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/adapter/../../debugpy/launcher/../../debugpy/../debugpy/server/cli.py", line 284, in run_file runpy.run_path(target, run_name="__main__") File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/_vendored/pydevd/_pydevd_bundle/pydevd_runpy.py", line 321, in run_path return _run_module_code(code, init_globals, run_name, File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/_vendored/pydevd/_pydevd_bundle/pydevd_runpy.py", line 135, in _run_module_code _run_code(code, mod_globals, init_globals, File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/_vendored/pydevd/_pydevd_bundle/pydevd_runpy.py", line 124, in _run_code exec(code, run_globals) File "/app/main.py", line 11, in <module> driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options,executable_path='drivers/chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver') File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__ super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog", File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 89, in __init__ self.service.start() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 98, in start self.assert_process_still_running() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 110, in assert_process_still_running raise WebDriverException( selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Service drivers/chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver unexpectedly exited. Status code was: 255  The settings of my Dockerfile are as follows: FROM python:3.10-buster # Install necessary packages RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \ curl unzip gettext python-babel \ ffmpeg \ poppler-utils \ fonts-takao-* fonts-wqy-microhei fonts-unfonts-core # Install Chrome RUN wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb && \ dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb; apt-get -fy install \ && rm google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb # Download and extract the latest version of ChromeDriver RUN CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION=$(curl -sL "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE") && \ curl -sL "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION/chromedriver_linux64.zip" > chromedriver.zip && \ unzip chromedriver.zip -d /usr/local/bin && \ rm chromedriver.zip # Install Python dependencies COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip && pip install -r requirements.txt # Set and move to APP_HOME ENV APP_HOME /app WORKDIR $APP_HOME ENV PYTHONPATH $APP_HOME # Copy local code to the container image COPY . .  requirements.txt selenium==4.15.1  And, I created a simple main.py to just launch Selenium. from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage') driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) driver.get('https://www.google.com') print(driver.title) driver.quit()  What I did I downloaded the drivers of version 119 and 120 from this link, set them in executable_path, and executed it, but the same error was returned. https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/#stable Please help me! Environment MacOS 13.6 Apple M2 Docker desktop 4.21.1

Answer: In Selenium 4 executable_path is deprecated you have to use an instance of the Service() class with ChromeDriverManager().install()   Deprecate all but Options and Service arguments in driver instantiation. (#9125,#9128)   https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/d6acda7c0254f9681574bf4078ff2001705bf940/py/CHANGES#L101 You can try: from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())) driver.get("https://www.your_website_.com")   Edit: After looking at your example I think you can try: from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service service = Service(r"C:\chromedriver.exe") # your path to chromedriver executable file options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options) driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) driver.get('https://www.google.com') print(driver.title) driver.quit()