Question: I'm trying to output a Pandas dataframe into an excel file using xlsxwriter. However I'm trying to apply some rule-based formatting; specifically trying to merge cells that have the same value, but having trouble coming up with how to write the loop. (New to Python here!) See below for output vs output expected:   (As you can see based off the image above I'm trying to merge cells under the Name column when they have the same values).  Here is what I have thus far: #This is the logic you use to merge cells in xlsxwriter (just an example) worksheet.merge_range('A3:A4','value you want in merged cells', merge_format) #Merge Car type Loop thought process... #1.Loop through data frame where row n Name = row n -1 Name #2.Get the length of the rows that have the same Name #3.Based off the length run the merge_range function from xlsxwriter, worksheet.merge_range('range_found_from_loop','Name', merge_format) for row_index in range(1,len(car_report)): if car_report.loc[row_index, 'Name'] == car_report.loc[row_index-1, 'Name'] #find starting point based off index, then get range by adding number of rows to starting point. for example lets say rows 0-2 are similar I would get 'A0:A2' which I can then put in the code below #from there apply worksheet.merge_range('A0:A2','[input value]', merge_format)  Any help is greatly appreciated! Thank you!

Answer: Your logic is almost correct, however i approached your problem through a slightly different approach: 1) Sort the column, make sure that all the values are grouped together. 2) Reset the index (using reset_index() and maybe pass the arg drop=True). 3) Then we have to capture the rows where the value is new. For that purpose create a list and add the first row 1 because we will start for sure from there. 4) Then start iterating over the rows of that list and check some conditions: 4a) If we only have one row with a value the merge_range method will give an error because it can not merge one cell. In that case we need to replace the merge_range with the write method. 4b) With this algorithm you 'll get an index error when trying to write the last value of the list (because it is comparing it with the value in the next index postion, and because it is the last value of the list there is not a next index position). So we need to specifically mention that if we get an index error (which means we are checking the last value) we want to merge or write until the last row of the dataframe. 4c) Finally i did not take into consideration if the column contains blank or null cells. In that case code needs to be adjusted. Lastly code might look a bit confusing, you have to take in mind that the 1st row for pandas is 0 indexed (headers are separate) while for xlsxwriter headers are 0 indexed and the first row is indexed 1. Here is a working example to achieve exactly what you want to do: import pandas as pd # Create a test df df = pd.DataFrame({'Name': ['Tesla','Tesla','Toyota','Ford','Ford','Ford'], 'Type': ['Model X','Model Y','Corolla','Bronco','Fiesta','Mustang']}) # Create the list where we 'll capture the cells that appear for 1st time, # add the 1st row and we start checking from 2nd row until end of df startCells = [1] for row in range(2,len(df)+1): if (df.loc[row-1,'Name'] != df.loc[row-2,'Name']): startCells.append(row) writer = pd.ExcelWriter('test.xlsx', engine='xlsxwriter') df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet1', index=False) workbook = writer.book worksheet = writer.sheets['Sheet1'] merge_format = workbook.add_format({'align': 'center', 'valign': 'vcenter', 'border': 2}) lastRow = len(df) for row in startCells: try: endRow = startCells[startCells.index(row)+1]-1 if row == endRow: worksheet.write(row, 0, df.loc[row-1,'Name'], merge_format) else: worksheet.merge_range(row, 0, endRow, 0, df.loc[row-1,'Name'], merge_format) except IndexError: if row == lastRow: worksheet.write(row, 0, df.loc[row-1,'Name'], merge_format) else: worksheet.merge_range(row, 0, lastRow, 0, df.loc[row-1,'Name'], merge_format) writer.save()  Output: