Question: After installing in my Jupyter Notebook (as a container of JupyterLab as jovan user without access to root) the libmagic while having cmake 3.26.4 already installed in the conda env. I try to install install libmagic with pip: pip install python-libmagic  but I keep getting error: Collecting python-libmagic Using cached python_libmagic-0.4.0-py3-none-any.whl Collecting cffi==1.7.0 (from python-libmagic) Using cached cffi-1.7.0.tar.gz (400 kB) Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done Requirement already satisfied: pycparser in /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from cffi==1.7.0->python-libmagic) (2.21) Building wheels for collected packages: cffi Building wheel for cffi (setup.py) ... error error: subprocess-exited-with-error × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully. │ exit code: 1 ╰─> [254 lines of output] running bdist_wheel running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/cffi running build_ext building '_cffi_backend' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310 creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/c gcc -pthread -B /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/compiler_compat -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -fPIC -O2 -isystem /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include -fPIC -O2 -isystem /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/c/_cffi_backend.o In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:274: c/minibuffer.h: In function ‘mb_ass_slice’: c/minibuffer.h:66:5: warning: ‘PyObject_AsReadBuffer’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 66 | if (PyObject_AsReadBuffer(other, &buffer, &buffer_len) < 0) | ^~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/genobject.h:12, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:110, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/abstract.h:343:17: note: declared here 343 | PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsReadBuffer(PyObject *obj, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:277: c/file_emulator.h: In function ‘PyFile_AsFile’: c/file_emulator.h:54:14: warning: assignment discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] 54 | mode = PyText_AsUTF8(ob_mode); | ^ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:281: c/wchar_helper.h: In function ‘_my_PyUnicode_AsSingleWideChar’: c/wchar_helper.h:83:5: warning: ‘PyUnicode_AsUnicode’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 83 | Py_UNICODE *u = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(unicode); | ^~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:45: note: declared here 580 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:281: c/wchar_helper.h:84:5: warning: ‘_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 84 | if (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(unicode) == 1) { | ^~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:446:26: note: declared here 446 | static inline Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length(PyObject *op) { | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:281: c/wchar_helper.h:84:5: warning: ‘PyUnicode_AsUnicode’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 84 | if (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(unicode) == 1) { | ^~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:45: note: declared here 580 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:281: c/wchar_helper.h:84:5: warning: ‘_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 84 | if (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(unicode) == 1) { | ^~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:446:26: note: declared here 446 | static inline Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length(PyObject *op) { | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:281: c/wchar_helper.h: In function ‘_my_PyUnicode_SizeAsWideChar’: c/wchar_helper.h:99:5: warning: ‘_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 99 | Py_ssize_t length = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(unicode); | ^~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:446:26: note: declared here 446 | static inline Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length(PyObject *op) { | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:281: c/wchar_helper.h:99:5: warning: ‘PyUnicode_AsUnicode’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 99 | Py_ssize_t length = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(unicode); | ^~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:45: note: declared here 580 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:281: c/wchar_helper.h:99:5: warning: ‘_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 99 | Py_ssize_t length = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(unicode); | ^~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:446:26: note: declared here 446 | static inline Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length(PyObject *op) { | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:281: c/wchar_helper.h: In function ‘_my_PyUnicode_AsWideChar’: c/wchar_helper.h:118:5: warning: ‘PyUnicode_AsUnicode’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 118 | Py_UNICODE *u = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(unicode); | ^~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:45: note: declared here 580 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c: In function ‘ctypedescr_dealloc’: c/_cffi_backend.c:352:23: error: lvalue required as left operand of assignment 352 | Py_REFCNT(ct) = 43; | ^ c/_cffi_backend.c:355:23: error: lvalue required as left operand of assignment 355 | Py_REFCNT(ct) = 0; | ^ c/_cffi_backend.c: In function ‘cast_to_integer_or_char’: c/_cffi_backend.c:3331:26: warning: ‘_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 3331 | PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(ob), ct->ct_name); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:446:26: note: declared here 446 | static inline Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length(PyObject *op) { | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c:3331:26: warning: ‘PyUnicode_AsUnicode’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 3331 | PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(ob), ct->ct_name); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:45: note: declared here 580 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c:3331:26: warning: ‘_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 3331 | PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(ob), ct->ct_name); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:446:26: note: declared here 446 | static inline Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length(PyObject *op) { | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c: In function ‘b_complete_struct_or_union’: c/_cffi_backend.c:4251:17: warning: ‘PyUnicode_GetSize’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 4251 | do_align = PyText_GetSize(fname) > 0; | ^~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:177:43: note: declared here 177 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_GetSize( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c:4283:13: warning: ‘PyUnicode_GetSize’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 4283 | if (PyText_GetSize(fname) == 0 && | ^~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:177:43: note: declared here 177 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_GetSize( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c:4353:17: warning: ‘PyUnicode_GetSize’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 4353 | if (PyText_GetSize(fname) > 0) { | ^~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:177:43: note: declared here 177 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_GetSize( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c: In function ‘prepare_callback_info_tuple’: c/_cffi_backend.c:5214:5: warning: ‘PyEval_InitThreads’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 5214 | PyEval_InitThreads(); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:130, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/ceval.h:122:37: note: declared here 122 | Py_DEPRECATED(3.9) PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyEval_InitThreads(void); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c: In function ‘b_callback’: c/_cffi_backend.c:5255:5: warning: ‘ffi_prep_closure’ is deprecated: use ffi_prep_closure_loc instead [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 5255 | if (ffi_prep_closure(closure, &cif_descr->cif, | ^~ In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:15: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/ffi.h:347:1: note: declared here 347 | ffi_prep_closure (ffi_closure*, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/unicodeobject.h:1046, from /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/Python.h:83, from c/_cffi_backend.c:2: c/ffi_obj.c: In function ‘_ffi_type’: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:744:29: warning: initialization discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] 744 | #define _PyUnicode_AsString PyUnicode_AsUTF8 | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c:72:25: note: in expansion of macro ‘_PyUnicode_AsString’ 72 | # define PyText_AS_UTF8 _PyUnicode_AsString | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/ffi_obj.c:191:32: note: in expansion of macro ‘PyText_AS_UTF8’ 191 | char *input_text = PyText_AS_UTF8(arg); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/lib_obj.c: In function ‘lib_build_cpython_func’: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:744:29: warning: initialization discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] 744 | #define _PyUnicode_AsString PyUnicode_AsUTF8 | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c:72:25: note: in expansion of macro ‘_PyUnicode_AsString’ 72 | # define PyText_AS_UTF8 _PyUnicode_AsString | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/lib_obj.c:129:21: note: in expansion of macro ‘PyText_AS_UTF8’ 129 | char *libname = PyText_AS_UTF8(lib->l_libname); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/lib_obj.c: In function ‘lib_build_and_cache_attr’: /opt/conda/envs/cho_env/include/python3.10/cpython/unicodeobject.h:744:29: warning: initialization discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] 744 | #define _PyUnicode_AsString PyUnicode_AsUTF8 | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/_cffi_backend.c:71:24: note: in expansion of macro ‘_PyUnicode_AsString’ 71 | # define PyText_AsUTF8 _PyUnicode_AsString /* PyUnicode_AsUTF8 in Py3.3 */ | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c/lib_obj.c:208:15: note: in expansion of macro ‘PyText_AsUTF8’ 208 | char *s = PyText_AsUTF8(name); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from c/cffi1_module.c:16, from c/_cffi_backend.c:6636: c/lib_obj.c: In function ‘lib_getattr’: c/lib_obj.c:506:7: warning: assignment discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] 506 | p = PyText_AsUTF8(name); | ^ In file included from c/cffi1_module.c:19, from c/_cffi_backend.c:6636: c/call_python.c: In function ‘_get_interpstate_dict’: c/call_python.c:20:30: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type ‘PyInterpreterState’ {aka ‘struct _is’} 20 | builtins = tstate->interp->builtins; | ^~ c/call_python.c: In function ‘_ffi_def_extern_decorator’: c/call_python.c:73:11: warning: assignment discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] 73 | s = PyText_AsUTF8(name); | ^ error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1 [end of output] note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip. ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi Running setup.py clean for cffi Failed to build cffi ERROR: Could not build wheels for cffi, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects``` how can I fix this? 

Answer: Correct me, if I'm wrong, but I guess you want to install the python bindings for libmagic. Find them here: https://pypi.org/project/python-magic/ and here https://github.com/ahupp/python-magic pip install python-magic  There was an issue request 6 years ago by its maintainer to the person sitting on the abandoned "python-libmagic" name to change it, to no avail. The pip package "libmagic" from here https://pypi.org/project/libmagic/ is an even older bindings (basically a python interface to the library) and not the same as the library either. This package looks abandoned as well. And this abandoned pip package seems to interfere with the conda package that you need to install, so: pip uninstall libmagic  And with conda install the actual library like you did: conda install -c conda-forge libmagic  Just for reference in other cases, one can install system packages for libmagic, for instance: apt install libmagic1 libmagic-dev