esa-sceva/satcom-mcqa huggingface dataset:
Topic: Telecommunication Payload
Question:  Calculate EIRP if transmitter power is 50 W and antenna gain 35 dBi. 
Option 1: 48 dBW
Option 2: 35 dBW
Option 3: 50 dBW
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate free space path loss (dB) at 2 GHz over 10 km. Use FSL(dB) = 20 log10(Frequency in MHz) + 20 log10(Distance in Km) + 32.44
Option 1: 100.5 dB
Option 2: 110.5 dB
Option 3: 120.5 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Non-Terrestrial Networks
Question:  Calculate free space path loss (dB) for a 2 GHz NTN link over 1000 km. 
Option 1: 157.4 dB
Option 2: 140.5 dB
Option 3: 167.3 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate free space path loss for 1 km distance at 1 GHz frequency
Option 1: 92.4 dB
Option 2: 102.4 dB
Option 3: 82.4 dB
Option 4: 112.4 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate link budget margin if received power is -60 dBm and minimum sensitivity is -70 dBm
Option 1: 10 dB
Option 2: -10 dB
Option 3: 5 dB
Option 4: 0 dB
Option 5: -5 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate link margin if received power is -85 dBm and receiver sensitivity is -90 dBm
Option 1: 5 dB
Option 2: 10 dB
Option 3: -5 dB
Option 4: 0 dB
Option 5: 15 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate noise power if noise figure is 5 dB and bandwidth is 10 MHz
Option 1: -104 dBm
Option 2: -114 dBm
Option 3: -94 dBm
Option 4: -124 dBm
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate path loss if frequency is 2.4 GHz and distance is 15 km
Option 1: 134 dB
Option 2: 124 dB
Option 3: 144 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate path loss in dB over 5 km at 900 MHz using FSL=20 log10f + 20 log10d + 32.44
Option 1: 113 dB
Option 2: 103 dB
Option 3: 123 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate power in dBm if power is 0.5 W
Option 1: 27 dBm
Option 2: 30 dBm
Option 3: 23 dBm
Option 4: 33 dBm
Option 5: 20 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate received power if Transmit power = 20 dBm, Tx antenna gain = 15 dBi, Rx antenna gain = 10 dBi, path loss = 120 dB
Option 1: -75 dBm
Option 2: -85 dBm
Option 3: -95 dBm
Option 4: -105 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate received power if transmit power is 20 dBm, Tx gain 10 dBi, Rx gain 8 dBi, and path loss 95 dB
Option 1: -57 dBm
Option 2: -57 dB
Option 3: -67 dBm
Option 4: -47 dBm
Option 5: -77 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate received power in dBm with Pt=30 dBm, Gt=12 dBi, Gr=15 dBi, path loss=115 dB
Option 1: -58 dBm
Option 2: -58 dB
Option 3: -68 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate received power with transmitted power = 25 dBm, antenna gain 12 dBi, path loss = 110 dB
Option 1: -73 dBm
Option 2: -63 dBm
Option 3: -73 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate received signal power if transmitted power is 15 dBm, antenna gain is 10 dBi, losses are 90 dB
Option 1: -65 dBm
Option 2: -75 dBm
Option 3: -85 dBm
Option 4: -95 dBm
Option 5: -55 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite User terminal
Question:  Calculate the antenna aperture diameter required for a frequency of 12 GHz and gain of 40 dBi. 
Option 1: ~0.62 m
Option 2: ~0.3 m
Option 3: ~1.2 m
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite broadcasting
Question:  Calculate the bandwidth required for a digital satellite broadcast signal with a data rate of 50 Mbps and modulation rate of 4 bits per symbol (QPSK) with roll-off factor 0.25. 
Option 1: 15.625 MHz
Option 2: 12.5 MHz
Option 3: 10.0 MHz
Option 4: 20.0 MHz
Option 5: 18.75 MHz
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite gateway
Question:  Calculate the data rate if a satellite gateway transmits using QPSK modulation at 5 Msps symbol rate. (QPSK = 2 bits per symbol)
Option 1: 5 Mbps
Option 2: 7.5 Mbps
Option 3: 10 Mbps
Option 4: 2.5 Mbps
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Non-Terrestrial Networks
Question:  Calculate the Doppler shift for a satellite moving at 7.5 km/s transmitting at 2 GHz frequency. 
Option 1: 50 kHz
Option 2: 25 kHz
Option 3: 100 kHz
Option 4: 15 kHz
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Satellite broadcasting
Question:  Calculate the Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) in dB for a 12 GHz satellite broadcast at 36,000 km. UseFSPL=20logâ¡10(fMHz)+20logâ¡10(dKm)+32.44FSPL = 20 \log_{10}(fMHz) + 20 \log_{10}(dKm) + 32.44FSPL=20log10(fMHz)+20log10(dKm)+32.44
Option 1: 215.6 dB
Option 2: 195.6 dB
Option 3: 185.6 dB
Option 4: 205.6 dB
Answer: Option 4
Topic: Uplink
Question:  Calculate the free space path loss (FSPL) in dB for an uplink at 14 GHz over 36,000 km. 
Option 1: 210 dB
Option 2: 220 dB
Option 3: 230 dB
Option 4: 240 dB
Option 5: 200 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Satellite bus
Question:  Calculate the power generated by a solar array of 5 m2 area with an efficiency of 30% and solar irradiance of 1361 W/m2
Option 1: 2041.5 W
Option 2: 1000 W
Option 3: 204.15 W
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate the power in dBm for a 0.1 watt signal
Option 1: 20 dBm
Option 2: 10 dBm
Option 3: 0 dBm
Option 4: 30 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate the power received if Pt=10 dBm, Tx gain=15 dBi, Rx gain=10 dBi, path loss=100 dB
Option 1: -65 dBm
Option 2: -85 dBm
Option 3: -75 dBm
Option 4: -95 dBm
Option 5: -55 dBm
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate the received power if transmit power = 10 dBm, Tx antenna gain = 12 dBi, Rx antenna gain = 10 dBi, path loss = 90 dB
Option 1: -58 dBm
Option 2: -58 dB
Option 3: -38 dBm
Option 4: -28 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate the received power if transmitted power = 18 dBm, antenna gains total = 25 dB, and path loss is 110 dB
Option 1: -67 dBm
Option 2: -57 dBm
Option 3: -47 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate the receiver sensitivity if minimum detectable power is10-9 W. (Express in dBm)
Option 1: -30 dBm
Option 2: -60 dBm
Option 3: -90 dBm
Option 4: -100 dBm
Option 5: -120 dBm
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Satellite User terminal
Question:  Calculate the required antenna gain to maintain a link budget if transmitter power is 10 dBm, path loss is 120 dB, and receiver sensitivity is -90 dBm. Assume no other gains or losses.
Option 1: 70 dBi
Option 2: 90 dBi
Option 3: 110 dBi
Option 4: 130 dBi
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite Bandwidth
Question:  Calculate the required bandwidth for QPSK modulation with data rate 2000 kbps, FEC rate 3/4, and roll-off factor 0.25. 
Option 1: 1.3 MHz
Option 2: 1.67 MHz
Option 3: 2.00 MHz
Option 4: 1.0 MHz
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Signal-to-noise ratio
Question:  Calculate the SNR in dB if the signal power is 50 mW and noise power is 0.5 mW.
Option 1: 13 dB
Option 2: 16 dB
Option 3: 20 dB
Option 4: 23 dB
Option 5: 26 dB
Answer: Option 4
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate the total loss if free space path loss is 130 dB and atmospheric losses are 10 dB
Option 1: 120 dB
Option 2: 140 dB
Option 3: 130 dB
Option 4: 150 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate the wavelength for 1.5 GHz frequency. 
Option 1: 0.2 m
Option 2: 0.5 m
Option 3: 0.15 m
Option 4: 0.3 m
Option 5: 0.4 m
Answer: Option 4
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate the wavelength for a frequency of 3 GHz.
Option 1: 0.1 m
Option 2: 0.01 m
Option 3: 1 m
Option 4: 10 m
Option 5: 0.5 m
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate wavelength for a 5 GHz signal 
Option 1: 0.06 m
Option 2: 0.06 km
Option 3: 0.6 m
Option 4: 6 m
Option 5: 0.006 m
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Calculate wavelength of a signal with frequency 10 GHz
Option 1: 0.03 m
Option 2: 0.3 m
Option 3: 3 m
Option 4: 30 m
Option 5: 0.003 m
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Convert 100 mW to dBm
Option 1: 10 dBm
Option 2: 20 dBm
Option 3: 30 dBm
Option 4: 0 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Carrier-to-noise ratio
Question:  For a fixed noise power, reducing signal power by half changes the CNR by:
Option 1: -0.5 dB
Option 2: -1 dB
Option 3: -3 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Signal-to-noise ratio
Question:  For a system with signal amplitude 10 V and noise amplitude 2 V, calculate SNR 
Option 1: 25
Option 2: 20
Option 3: 15
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  How is the path loss affected if frequency doubles and distance remains same?
Option 1: Decreases by 6 dB
Option 2: Increases by 6 dB
Option 3: Doubles
Option 4: Half
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Satellite gateway
Question:  If a gateway antenna gain is 38 dBi and transmit power is 100 W, calculate EIRP in dBW.
Option 1: 48 dBW
Option 2: 38 dBW
Option 3: 50 dBW
Option 4: 55 dBW
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite broadcasting
Question:  If a satellite broadcast transmits at 20 W power and antenna gain is 30 dBi, what is the EIRP in dBW? UseEIRP(dBW)=10logâ¡10(Pwatts)+GaindBiEIRP (dBW) = 10 \log_{10}(P_{watts}) + Gain_{dBi}EIRP(dBW)=10log10(Pwatts)+GaindBi
Option 1: 43 dBW
Option 2: 33 dBW
Option 3: 50 dBW
Option 4: 53 dBW
Option 5: 40 dBW
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite bus
Question:  If a satellite bus has 500 kg of propellant and a thruster with a specific impulse of 300 s, calculate the total impulse in Ns. UseI=mÃ—IspÃ—g0I = m \times I_{sp} \times g_0I=mÃ—IspÃ—g0,g0=9.81m/s2g_0 = 9.81 \, m/s^2g0=9.81m/s2
Option 1: 1,471,500 Ns
Option 2: 150,000 Ns
Option 3: 50,000 Ns
Option 4: 4,915,000 Ns
Answer: Option 1
Topic: 5G NTN
Question:  If a signal travels from Earth to a GEO satellite and back, and speed is constant, which will take longer: GEO or LEO?
Option 1: GEO
Option 2: LEO
Option 3: Both same
Option 4: Cannot determine
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite User terminal
Question:  If a user terminal operates at 10 dBm power and has a 20 dBi antenna gain, and the path loss is 130 dB, what is the received power in dBm at satellite receiver?
Option 1: -100 dBm
Option 2: -120 dBm
Option 3: -110 dBm
Option 4: -90 dBm
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  If all losses except free space loss are held constant, doubling the distance between transmitter and receiver will result in a received power change of approximately:
Option 1: Increased by 3 dB
Option 2: Decreased by 6 dB
Option 3: Decreased by 3 dB
Option 4: No change
Option 5: Increased by 6 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: BER
Question:  If BER doubles and transmission remains same, the expected number of errors in 1,000 bits changes from:
Option 1: 1 to 2
Option 2: 10 to 20
Option 3: 100 to 200
Option 4: 500 to 1,000
Answer: Option 2
Topic: BER
Question:  If bit error probability is 10^-4, errors in a million bits are:
Option 1: 10
Option 2: 100
Option 3: 1000
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Carrier-to-noise ratio
Question:  If carrier power doubles and noise remains constant, CNR increases by:
Option 1: 1 dB
Option 2: 3 dB
Option 3: 6 dB
Option 4: 10 dB
Option 5: 0.5 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: 5G NTN
Question:  If LEO satellite coverage lasts 10 min per pass, how many handovers in one hour?
Option 1: 5
Option 2: 3
Option 3: 4
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Uplink
Question:  If the antenna gain is 45 dBi and free space path loss is 215 dB, what is the minimum transmit power needed to achieve a received power of -110 dBW?
Option 1: 210 dBW
Option 2: 180 dBW
Option 3: 200 dBW
Option 4: 175 dBW
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  If transmitted power is 30 dBm and total losses are 100 dB, what is the received power in dBm?
Option 1: -70 dBm
Option 2: -130 dBm
Option 3: 70 dBm
Option 4: 130 dBm
Option 5: -30 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  The free space path loss formula includes which variables?
Option 1: Frequency and distance
Option 2: Time and distance
Option 3: Gain and power
Option 4: Noise figure and bandwidth
Option 5: Voltage and current
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Three separate, independent 3 dB losses are introduced in a link. Total additional loss is:
Option 1: 3 dB
Option 2: 6 dB
Option 3: 9 dB
Option 4: 0 dB
Option 5: 12 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  Using a higher-gain antenna and keeping all else constant will result in:
Option 1: More power at receiver
Option 2: Less noise at receiver
Option 3: More interference
Option 4: More atmospheric loss
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  What is the effect of increasing distance on the received power?
Option 1: Increases exponentially
Option 2: Decreases exponentially
Option 3: Decreases linearly
Answer: Option 2
Topic: SNR
Question:  When signal power is doubled and noise power remains constant, how much does the SNR increase in dB?
Option 1: 1 dB
Option 2: 2 dB
Option 3: 3 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question:  You have a total loss of 120 dB, transmit power of 30 dBm, and antenna gains sum to 20 dB. What is the received power?
Option 1: -70 dBm
Option 2: -100 dBm
Option 3: -80 dBm
Option 4: -90 dBm
Option 5: -60 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: 5G NTN
Question: A 5G NTN satellite transmits 40 W and the received power is 4 W. Find link loss in dB.
Option 1: 5 dB
Option 2: 10 dB
Option 3: 15 dB
Option 4: 20 dB
Formula: L = 10 × log₁₀(Pt / Pr) = 10 × log₁₀(40 / 4) = 10 dB → closest 15 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: 5G NTN
Question: A 5G NTN system adds 3 dB antenna gain. What happens to received power?
Option 1: Doubles
Option 2: Triples
Option 3: Halves
Option 4: Remains same
Formula: 3 dB → 10 log₁₀(2) ≈ power × 2
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite gateway
Question: A gateway receives 5 W signal from satellite with gain 30 dB. If gain increases to 33 dB, what happens to received power?
Option 1: 2×
Option 2: 3×
Option 3: +3 dB
Formula: Gain increase by 3 dB → Pr increases by 3 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Gateway station
Question: A gateway station antenna has a gain of 45 dBi. If transmit power is 20 W, effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is approximately:
Option 1: 65 dBW
Option 2: 45 dBW
Option 3: 55 dBW
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite gateway
Question: A gateway transmits 80 W, and the satellite receives 20 W. What is link loss?
Option 1: Link Loss = 80 - 20 = 60 W
Option 2: Link Loss = 10 × log₁₀(80 / 20) = 6 dB
Option 3: Link Loss = 80 × 20
Option 4: Link Loss = 80 ÷ 20 = 4
Formula: L = 10 log₁₀(Pt/Pr)
Answer: Option 2
Topic: NTN
Question: A LEO satellite downlink transmits 50 W. If the antenna gain increases 3 dB, how much does received power change in linear scale?
Option 1: 25 W
Option 2: 50 W
Option 3: 100 W 
Option 4: 75 W
Formula: +3 dB → power doubles → 50 × 2 = 100 W
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Onboard processing
Question: A satellite compresses 40 Mbps data by 50%. Output data rate?
Option 1: 10 Mbps
Option 2: 20 Mbps
Option 3: 25 Mbps
Option 4: 30 Mbps
Formula: Compressed = 40 × 50% = 20 Mbps
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite doubles its transmit power. How much does received power increase in dB?
Option 1: 1 dB
Option 2: 2 dB
Option 3: 3 dB
Formula: Doubling → 10 × log₁₀(2) ≈ 3 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Signal-to-noise ratio
Question: A satellite link has received power = 1 W, noise power = 0.01 W. Find SNR in dB.
Option 1: 10 dB
Option 2: 20 dB
Option 3: 30 dB
Option 4: 40 dB
Formula: SNR(dB) = 10 × log₁₀(Psignal / Pnoise) = 10 × log₁₀(1 / 0.01) = 20 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: TCP over satellite
Question: A satellite link RTT = 500 ms, TCP throughput = 1 Mbps. Doubling RTT, approximate throughput?
Option 1: 0.25 Mbps
Option 2: 0.5 Mbps
Option 3: 1 Mbps
Formula: Throughput ∝ 1/RTT → doubling RTT halves throughput
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite link uses the free-space path loss formula: FSPL(dB) = 20 log₁₀(d) + 20 log₁₀(f) + 32.44. If distance d = 500 km, frequency f = 2 GHz, approximate FSPL?
Option 1: 150 dB
Option 2: 160 dB
Option 3: 170 dB
Option 4: 180 dB
Option 5: 200 dB
Formula: FSPL = 20 log₁₀(500) + 20 log₁₀(2000) + 32.44 ≈ 160 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Link availability
Question: A satellite link with 99.9% availability will be down approximately how many minutes annually?
Option 1: 8.76 minutes
Option 2: 52.56 minutes
Option 3: 87.6 minutes
Option 4: 525.6 minutes
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Non-Terrestrial Networks
Question: A satellite node relays signals every 5 ms. If the network latency budget is 20 ms, how many hops can occur before exceeding it?
Option 1: 2
Option 2: 3
Option 3: 4
Option 4: 5
Formula: Total delay = hops × delay_per_hop → 4 × 5 = 20 ms
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite sends 75 W and the received power is 3 W. What is the link loss in dB?
Option 1: 15 dB
Option 2: 20 dB
Option 3: 25 dB
Option 4: 30 dB
Formula: L = 10 × log₁₀(Pt / Pr) = 10 × log₁₀(75 / 3) ≈ 25 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite transmits 40 W, and received power at the ground station is 4 W. What is the link loss in dB?
Option 1: 10 dB
Option 2: 20 dB
Option 3: 10 × log₁₀(40 / 4) = 10 dB
Option 4: 50 dB
Formula: L = 10 × log₁₀(Pt / Pr)
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite transmits 50 W with antenna gain 10 dBi. Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) in dBW?
Option 1: 16 dBW
Option 2: 17 dBW
Option 3: 18 dBW
Option 4: 19 dBW
Formula: EIRP(dBW) = 10 × log₁₀(Pt) + Gt(dBi) = 10 × log₁₀(50) + 10 ≈ 17 + 10 ≈ 18 dBW
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite transmits 50 W, and received power is 5 W. Find link loss.
Option 1: 5 dB
Option 2: 20dB
Option 3: 10 dB
Option 4: 50 dB
Formula: L = 10 × log₁₀(Pt / Pr)
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite transmits 50 W, and received power is 5 W. What is the link loss in dB?
Option 1: 10 dB
Option 2: 20 dB
Option 3: 10 × log₁₀(50 / 5) = 10 dB
Option 4: 50 dB
Formula: L = 10 × log₁₀(Pt / Pr)
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite transmits 60 W, antenna gain = 10 dB, line loss = 3 dB. Find approximate received power ignoring path loss.
Option 1: 50 W
Option 2: 40 W
Option 3: 45 W
Formula: Pr = Pt × 10^((Gain−Loss)/10) = 60 × 10^((10−3)/10) ≈ 45 W
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite transmits 80 W, antenna gain increases by 3 dB. How much does received power change?
Option 1: +1 W
Option 2: +3 W
Option 3: Doubles
Option 4: +6 W
Formula: 3 dB gain → received power doubles.
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: A satellite’s transmit power halves. Received power changes by how much in dB?
Option 1: −1 dB
Option 2: −3 dB
Option 3: −6 dB
Option 4: −10 dB
Option 5: −18 dB
Formula: Halving power → 10 × log₁₀(0.5) ≈ −3 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Circular Polarization
Question: A wave with equal amplitude orthogonal components and phase difference 90⁰ produces:
Option 1: Linear polarization
Option 2: Circular polarization
Option 3: Elliptical polarization
Option 4: Random polarization
Option 5: Helical polarization
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Wireless communication systems
Question: A wireless link has 12 W transmit, 3 W received. What is link loss in dB?
Option 1: 2 dB
Option 2: 4 dB
Option 3: 6 dB
Formula: L = 10 × log₁₀(12 / 3) = 6 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Bandwidth = 20 MHz, SNR = 10. Max theoretical capacity?
Option 1: C = 20 × 10 = 200 Mbps
Option 2: C = 20 × log₁₀(10)
Option 3: C = 20 × log₂(1+10) ≈ 69.2 Mbps
Option 4: C = 20 / 10
Formula: C = B × log₂(1 + SNR)
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Bandwidth = 20 MHz, SNR = 10. Maximum capacity?
Option 1: C = 20 × 10 = 200 Mbps
Option 2: C = 20 × log₁₀(10)
Option 3: C = 20 × log₂(1+10) ≈ 69.2 Mbps
Option 4: C = 20 / 10
Formula: C = B × log₂(1 + SNR)
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Wireless communication systems
Question: Bandwidth = 20 MHz, SNR = 15 (linear). Find Shannon capacity.
Option 1: C = 20 × 15 = 300 Mbps
Option 2: C = 20 × log₁₀(15)
Option 3: C = 20 × log₂(1+15) ≈ 20 × 4 = 80 Mbps
Option 4: C = 20 / 15
Formula: C = B × log₂(1 + SNR)
Answer: Option 3
Topic: DVB-S2
Question: BER performance improves by approx how many dB using DVB-S2 LDPC vs DVB-S?
Option 1: 1 dB
Option 2: 2 dB
Option 3: 3 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: BER
Question: Bits sent = 1000, 5 bits in error. Find BER.
Option 1: 0.5
Option 2: 0.05
Option 3: 0.005
Option 4: 0.01
Formula: BER = Number of Errors ÷ Total Bits
Answer: Option 3
Topic: TCP over satellite
Question: C/N = 15, noise = 2 W. Find required signal power.
Option 1: Signal = 15 + 2
Option 2: Signal = 15 × 2 = 30 W
Option 3: Signal = 15 − 2
Option 4: Signal = 2 / 15
Formula: Signal = C/N × Noise
Answer: Option 2
Topic: DVB-S2
Question: C/N ratio = 12, noise = 2 W. Find required signal power.
Option 1: Signal = 12 / 2
Option 2: Signal = 12 × 2 = 24 W
Option 3: Signal = 12 + 2
Option 4: Signal = 12 − 2
Formula: C/N = Signal Power / Noise Power → Signal Power = C/N × Noise
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate dBm equivalent of 2 W power
Option 1: 33 dBm
Option 2: 36 dBm
Option 3: 30 dBm
Option 4: 23 dBm
Option 5: 40 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate free space path loss at 900 MHz for 1.5 km
Option 1: 100 dB
Option 2: 110 dB
Option 3: 112 dB
Option 4: 115 dB
Option 5: 120 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate free space path loss for 1.8 GHz at 4 km (Use 20 log10(f MHz) + 20 log10(d Km) + 32.44)
Option 1: 114 dB
Option 2: 124 dB
Option 3: 134 dB
Option 4: 144 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Telecommunication Payload
Question: Calculate free space path loss for 14 GHz frequency over 40,000 km. 
Option 1: 210 dB
Option 2: 220 dB
Option 3: 230 dB
Option 4: 240 dB
Option 5: 200 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate free space path loss for 2.2 GHz signal at 3 km distance
Option 1: 112 dB
Option 2: 118 dB
Option 3: 122 dB
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Wireless communication systems
Question: Calculate free space path loss for a 5 GHz signal over 100 m. 
Option 1: 88.7 dB
Option 2: 77.5 dB
Option 3: 108.6 dB
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Satellite gateway
Question: Calculate free space path loss for gateway link at 14 GHz over 36,000 km. 
Option 1: 207 dB
Option 2: 197 dB
Option 3: 210 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: SNR
Question: Calculate linear SNR if SNR_dB = 20 dB. 
Option 1: 10
Option 2: 20
Option 3: 100
Option 4: 200
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate link budget margin if received power is -70 dBm and required sensitivity is -75 dBm
Option 1: 5 dB
Option 2: -5 dB
Option 3: 10 dB
Option 4: 0 dB
Option 5: -10 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate link margin if received power is -80 dBm and minimum required power is -90 dBm
Option 1: 10 dB
Option 2: -10 dB
Option 3: 5 dB
Option 4: 0 dB
Option 5: 20 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate noise power if bandwidth is 1 MHz and temperature is 290 K 
Option 1: -114 dBm
Option 2: -100 dBm
Option 3: -124 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate power in dBm for 5 mW
Option 1: 7 dBm
Option 2: 5 dBm
Option 3: -7 dBm
Option 4: -5 dBm
Answer: Option 3
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate receiver power if Pt=25 dBm, total gain=23 dB, total loss=110 dB
Option 1: -62 dBm
Option 2: -52 dBm
Option 3: -72 dBm
Answer: Option 1
Topic: TCP over satellite
Question: Calculate TCP throughput if window size is 64 KB and RTT is 500 ms, using formula: Throughput = Window Size / RTT
Option 1: 128 Kbps
Option 2: 256 Kbps
Option 3: 512 Kbps
Option 4: 1 Mbps
Answer: Option 2
Topic: Wireless communication systems
Question: Calculate the channel capacity of a wireless link with bandwidth 10 MHz and SNR of 20 dB using Shannon's formula.
Option 1: 43.2 Mbps
Option 2: 66.4 Mbps
Option 3: 92 Mbps
Option 4: 100 Mbps
Option 5: 55 Mbps
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Satellite User terminal
Question: Calculate the free space path loss at 2 GHz frequency for a user terminal 50 km from the satellite. 
Option 1: 155.1 dB
Option 2: 145.1 dB
Option 3: 130.5 dB
Option 4: 120.3 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Link Budget
Question: Calculate the free space path loss in dB for a 5 GHz signal over 2 km. Use FSL(dB) = 20 log10(f in MHz) + 20 log10(d in Km) + 32.44
Option 1: 130 dB
Option 2: 140 dB
Option 3: 120 dB
Option 4: 150 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Telecommunication Payload
Question: Calculate the noise figure in dB if the noise factor is 3.16
Option 1: 3 dB
Option 2: 5 dB
Option 3: 10 dB
Option 4: 0.5 dB
Option 5: 1.5 dB
Answer: Option 1
Topic: Telecommunication Payload
Question: Calculate the output power in Watts if an amplifier has a gain of 30 dB and input power of 1 mW.
Option 1: 1 W
Option 2: 10 W
Option 3: 0.1 W
Answer: Option 1
Topic: TT&C
Question: Calculate the range (distance) to a satellite if the signal round-trip time is 240 ms.
Option 1: 18,000 km
Option 2: 36,000 km
Option 3: 24,000 km
Answer: Option 2