## 2 Detailed Analysis of the Literature
### Prosumer Relationships
#### 2.2.3 Socio-Economic-Technological Aspect  
Prosumer management has three important dimensions--social, economic, and technological. Factors under all three aspects may affect demand response in smart grid either as a barrier or as an enabler [84]. A smart grid involves different stakeholders and components in an interconnected world of these three dimensions [85]. There are different types of studies on smart grid, e.g., some cover only one aspect such as social [80; 81; 86; 87; 88; 89] or economic [90; 46; 91], or technological, while others cover multiple aspects such as socio-economic [85; 92], or socio-technical [93], or techno-economic [28], or all three aspects [74; 83]. Although this paper does not cover the technological aspect in detail, other existing research examines this technological aspect spanning various areas such as PV systems, VPPs, storage, DERs, and demand-side management. However, research integrating all the three aspects is limited. We now evaluate the research on the social aspect of prosumer groups and smart grids. There is a need for understanding social interactions in social networks because social interactions are critical for smart grid adoption [80; 81]. An ethnographic study examined the exchanges of energy between households in rural India for three months [86]. The concept of \"circle of mutual energy exchange\" is introduced and describes \"mutual energy sharing\" and \"mutual energy trading\" as co-existing modes of energy exchanges. The analysis shows that \"social relations and cultural values influence energy exchanges between households\" [86]. Similarly, other existing research covers the social aspect of the effective implementation of smart energy in households [87]. Social context drives energy-related behavior, and pro-environmental social norms highly influence energy conservation [88]. Likewise, in the human collaboration aspect, human and social dimensions in an energy system should not be ignored [89]. Consequently, in one research work, the authors incorporate the social domain aspect in their proposed consumer-centered energy system architecture [89]. The economic aspect covers elements such as investment costs, maintenance and operational costs, and energy management in wind energy systems in the smart grid [90]. Along with security, economic viability is a major challenge in the adaptability and sustainability of wind turbines [90]. One research discusses the economic aspect of pooling small local prosumers in the UK market context [46]. It focuses on two elements namely Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and self-consumption. Findings reveal that pooling of prosumers associated with lower load profile volatility improved self-consumption levels indicating that effective coordination among prosumers leads to economic benefits. Also, LCOE reached grid parity. These results suggest the viability of electricity prosumer models for economic gains [46]. Another study arrived at similar findings regarding the economic operations of the future retail energy system with high prosumer participation [91]. Using novel game-theoretic algorithms this study investigated several case studies, and the results reveal that prosumer group coalitions cleared the retail electricity market price. Based on a literature review of related journal articles, categories for the socio-economic aspects include costs, consumers' perception, privacy, cybersecurity, and regulation that influence smart grid technologies and public acceptance [92]. Analysis revealed that majority of the literature addresses costs issues [96; 97; 98], cyber security [76; 99; 100], regulatory aspects [97; 101; 102], customer privacy [103; 3; 104], and consumers' perception [105; 106; 107]. Furthermore, it is recommended to acquire support from information science and engineering to devise methods for automated operational monitoring, assessment, control, and decision-making to meet social, economic and environmental needs [85].