# Atlas of Defects within a Global Building Inspection System
## 3 Results  
Figures 3 and 4 show excerpts of the atlas of defects of the global building inspection system. Figure 3 partially shows the page of defect \"A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\" with columns corresponding to external claddings of pitched roofs, door and window frames, and wall renders. Figure 4 shows a part of the page of defect \"A-C2 Oriented cracking on the current surface\", presenting the columns for adhesive ceramic tiling, natural stone claddings and architectural concrete surfaces. Figure 2: Structure of the atlas of defects. Figure 3: Excerpt of the atlas of defects: page of defect “A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris” with columns corresponding to three different types of building elements/materials. Figures 3 and 4 show that not all levels of urgency of repair apply to a type of defect in every type of building element/material. For instance, in Figure 3, for external claddings of pitched roofs,  
Figure 4: Excerpt of the atlas of defects: page of defect “A-C2 Oriented cracking on the current surface” with columns corresponding to three different types of building elements/materials. only levels 2, 3 and 4 are defined. In the same figure, for door and window frames, only levels 2 and 3 are determined. This is associated with the effects of a defect in different building elements/materials. In these cases, \"dirt and accumulation of debris\" (A-A3) in claddings of pitched roofs or in door and window frames is considered to only result in interventions in the short term in the most urgent cases, as this defect does not usually raise safety concerns. In pitched roofs, lighter cases of dirt and accumulation of debris are even considered to only require monitoring in subsequent inspections (level 4). However, in the case of \"Oriented cracking on the current surface\" (A-C2) on natural stone claddings, defects may go from levels 0 to 2 of urgency of repair (Figure 4). The occurrence of cracks on natural stone claddings is considered to endanger users and passers-by in severe situations, requiring contingency measures (level 0). Considering the number of types of defects (38) included in the corresponding classification list and the (varying) number of building elements/materials each one applies to, the atlas of defects has a total of 179 columns (combination defect-building element/material). Of the latter, 94% are filled in the row corresponding to level 2 of urgency of repair, while only 1% are filled in the row corresponding to level 4. The row of level 0 is also sparsely filled, with only 13% of columns filled. Levels 1, 2 and 3 are those more often defined for defect-building element/material combinations, with rows filled in more than 50% of columns. Additionally, out of the 23 defect-building element/material combinations that are defined in level 0, 14 (61%) refer to defects occurring in natural stone claddings. The possibility of detachment of a stone slab from a facade is regarded as a menace to the safety of passers-by due to its weight, thus increasing the prospective level of urgency of repair of defects on natural stone claddings. Observing the descriptive contents of Figures 3 and 4, different types of criteria may be distinguished. Some refer to the simultaneous occurrence of other defects (e.g., leakage), some to the context of the defect (e.g., the aesthetical value of affected areas), some to the characteristics of the defect (e.g., extent) and others to the effects of the defect (e.g., safety issues). Many criteria are not identifiable through exemplificative photographs. It is the case of the phenomenon's conditions to progress, aesthetical value of the affected areas, safety risks for passers-by and percentage quantification of the affected area. A phenomenon's conditions to progress can only be conclusively analysed on-site. Data like temperature, relative humidity, aggressiveness of the environment and maintenance means, among others, should be taken into account.