than 100 million jobs across the globe with a contribution of 6% of global GDP. In addition to this, it contributes 5%, and nearly 8%, of the GDP in developed countries and developing countries, respectively [3]. As per the report of the International Labor Organization (ILO), close to 270 million people across the world fall victim to occupational injuries, fatal and nonfatal, per annum [4; 5; 6]. According to the Construction Worker Safety Report of OSHA, every year a minimum of sixty-thousand fatal accidents occur on construction sites throughout the world. From the statistics, it is concluded that construction is one of the highest risk jobs for accident-related fatalities and injuries globally [7]. From the previous studies, it is concluded that untrained or inexperienced workers were responsible for 40% of the work-related accidents [8]. A Health and Safety Executive (HSE) report concluded that inadequate working experience, knowledge, and safety awareness were the key causes of fatal accidents in the construction industry [9]. Digitalization offers tremendous potential for the construction industry's growth. Construction processes could be transformed by building information modeling (BIM), wireless sensing, and data analytics [10]. Furthermore, implementing new technologies provides numerous economic benefits for the construction industry, particularly enhanced safety [11]. The rise of the IoT and its associated technologies has stimulated involvement in the construction industry, where advantages can be obtained by incorporating intelligence into buildings [12]. The IoT can help management execute real-time decisions and increase construction sector productivity [13; 14]. IoT-facilitated wearable sensing devices (WSDs) enable management to monitor and control workers' health status via real-time reporting, enabling the early indicators of safety hazards caused by health problems to be detected and addressed [15]. In the IoT, wireless communication technologies play a significant role in connecting the sensor nodes of the construction site to the cloud server for real-time monitoring. Previously, wireless communication technology such as the global system for mobile communication (GSM) was implemented for the IoT-based monitoring of the workers' health parameters [16]. As GSM requires continuous availability of mobile network and it also consumes high power during transmission, it limits the integration of GSM into an IoT-based system. As IoT devices are energy-constrained they demand low power and long-range transmission-based communication technologies for the transmission of data. At present, low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies meet the requirements of the IoT, whereas Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology has drawn much attention from both academia and industry, as it consumes low power, and transmits long distances with low data rates [17]. Inspired by the above aspects, this study aims to integrate 433 MHz LoRa, 2.4 GHz Zigbee communication, and Wi-Fi for establishing an IoT-based system on the construction site for monitoring workers and construction site health in real-time. As part of the system implementation in real-time, a hybrid architecture is proposed in this study, where it comprises multiple nodes that are based on 2.4 GHz Zigbee communication for monitoring the health parameters of workers (such as temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure) and construction site health parameters (such as temperature, humidity, vibration, and smoke). A coordinator node is included in the architecture to supervise all of the nodes and also to receive the health data of workers and the construction site through 2.4 GHz Zigbee communication and transmit it to the gateway so that the gateway logs the data on the cloud server through Wi-Fi for real-time visualization and monitoring. The hardware of the multiple nodes, coordinator node, and gateway are customized, based on the requirement of the construction site and application.