## 3 Literature Review
### History of EIA: Emergence, Evolution, Implementation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Year** & **Framework Legislation** & **EIA Procedure** \\ \hline
1973 & Law 9/1973 on environmental protection & The object of this law is to regulate environmental protection based on the principles and strategic elements which lead to the sustainable development of society. \\
1992 & Order 619/1992 & Procedure for establishing the minimum content of studies and environmental impact assessment. \\
1995 & Law 137/1995 on environmental protection & A new law on environmental protection is adopted, including provisions on EIA in Romania and the public debate procedure. \\
1996 & Order 125/1996 & Approval of Procedure for regulating economic and social activities with environmental impact—revoked Order 170/1990, Decision 113/1990, and Order 619/1992. \\
1999 & Order 214/1999 & Approval of procedure for the promotion of documentations and issues of environmental authorization for urban and spatial planning plans. \\
2002 & GD 918/2002 & Establishment of the framework procedure for EIA and approval of the list of public or private projects subjected to this procedure—revoked part of Order 125/1996. \\
2005 & Ordinance 195/2005 on the Environment & This ordinance aims to regulate activities with an impact on the environment, to promote the conservation of natural resources and the protection of public health and biodiversity. \\
2006 & Law 265/2006 approving & The object of this emergency ordinance is an assembly of legal regulations on environmental protection, an objective of the major public interest, based on the principles and strategic elements that lead to sustainable development. \\  & HG 1213/2006 & This decision establishes the framework procedure for environmental impact assessments of public and private projects that are likely to have significant effects on the environment. \\  & Ordinance 114/2007 for amending and supplementing & The aim of this emergency government ordinance is to improve the environmental factors in localities by ensuring a minimum area of 26 square meters for each inhabitant in the urban area. \\
2007 & Ordinance 164/200 for amending and supplementing & It creates a unitary and general framework laying down the principles governing all environmental protection activities, considering that these elements are of public interest and constitute emergencies and extraordinary situations, the regulations of which cannot be deferred. \\
2009 & HG 445/2009 & EIA of certain public and private projects—revoked HG 1213/2006. \\
2012 & GD 17/2012 amending and supplementing GD 445/2009 & It creates a unitary and general framework laying down the principles governing all environmental protection activities, considering that these elements are of public interest and constitute emergencies and extraordinary situations, the regulations of which cannot be deferred. \\
2014 & Law No 86/2014 & National framework for implementation of EIA procedure. \\  & EIA of certain public and private projects, establishes the conditions and measures for environmental protection, which must be respected in the case of a project, including the issuance of building permits, authorization for intensive agricultural land use, afforestation, and water management within the “Danube Delta” and “Romanian Waters” projects. \\
2018 & Law No 292/2018 & \\  & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Evolution of EIA in Romania (source: [[https://www.mmediu.ro/](https://www.mmediu.ro/)]([https://www.mmediu.ro/](https://www.mmediu.ro/)), [72,74]). the obligation to organize public debates. The procedural framework for EIA was further delineated and regulated by Order of the Ministry of the Environment no. 125/1996, which established the procedure for the assessment of socio-economic activities with potential environmental impact ([[https://www.mmediu.ro/](https://www.mmediu.ro/)]([https://www.mmediu.ro/](https://www.mmediu.ro/))) [73; 74]. The environmental impact assessment system in Romania has gradually evolved since 1973.