## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, the integration of digital transformation applications into healthcare services has led to significant advancements in hospital service management. These advancements not only focus on patient care and treatment processes but also play a critical role in improving hygiene and cleaning processes in healthcare environments [1]. The lack of digital support in cleaning processes poses certain risks in terms of patient safety and operational efficiency, creating obstacles to achieving optimal healthcare outcomes. The integration of digital technologies into cleaning operations transforms practices into faster, more traceable, and more efficient processes. These technologies provide a suitable infrastructure for monitoring, reporting, and detecting disruptions in cleaning services. Digital cleaning processes enable a proactive approach to potential issues, minimizing resource waste and reducing operational costs. The standardized planning of hospital cleaning process management and the integration of these processes with digital technologies not only improve service quality but also ensure the sustainability of these processes. Digital technologies enable the effective planning, monitoring, and auditing of cleaning activities. They also ensure the secure recording and storage of data generated throughout the process. The measurability of service quality and the optimization of processes depend on the accessibility of this data. In the literature, it has been observed that the integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and Big Data analytics into healthcare services supports the monitoring and improvement of cleaning/hygiene practices in these environments [2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. For example, the use of sensors enables real-time monitoring of room occupancy and cleaning processes, facilitating the instant sharing of information [7]. Automated hand hygiene monitoring systems track compliance with established standards, supporting performance improvements [8]. Additionally, IoT-based applications allow for the monitoring of cleaning equipment and the verification of sterilization processes [9]. Cleaning activities are facilitated by aligning the routes of areas to be cleaned with autonomous robots [8]. The implementation of technologies such as sensors and wearable devices contributes to the precise monitoring and analysis of cleaning-related data [10]. The reviewed studies indicate that healthcare institutions leveraging these innovations have improved their cleaning/hygiene processes and ensured their efficient implementation. The proper management of cleaning and hygiene processes is crucial not only for operational efficiency but also as a critical factor that directly affects patient safety. In this context, findings related to the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) clearly demonstrate the importance of the issue. HAIs pose a serious threat to patient safety and place a significant financial and resource burden on healthcare systems. In the United States alone, a total of 721,800 HAI cases were recorded in 2011, resulting in the deaths of 75,000 patients. Various studies have shown that surfaces in patient rooms--such as curtains, bed rails, and equipment--are frequently contaminated with pathogens like Clostridioides difficile, MRSA, or Acinetobacter baumannii, and that inadequate cleaning practices allow these pathogens to be transmitted directly or indirectly between patients and healthcare workers. According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) guidelines, individuals who occupy a room after an infected patient have a significantly higher likelihood of developing an infection [11]. Furthermore, it has been reported that pathogens can survive for extended periods on insufficiently disinfected surfaces and cause serious infections [12]. These findings demonstrate that cleaning procedures are not merely a support service but are in fact a critical safety practice with a direct impact on patient health.