# Effect of Selected _Trichoderma_ Strains and Metabolites on Olive Drupes
## Results
### Targeted Metabolomics Analyses of Phenolics in Olive Drupes  
Oleuropein (secoiridoid) and luteolin (flavonoid) concentrations were considered to evaluate the phenolics' level trends. Oleuropein content increased in the drupes of plants treated with 6 PP, GV41, and T22 (Figure 3).  
The secondary metabolite 6 PP and the _Trichoderma_ strains GV41, KV906, HA, and M10, increased the luteolin's level in drupes (Figure 4).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Regulation against Control Group (CTRL)**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **M10** & **KV906** & **GV41** & **TH1** & **T22** & **6 PP** & **HA** \\ \hline Oleuropein aglycon & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ Oleuropein isomer a & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ Oleuropein isomer b & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\
2-Mehoxyoleuropein & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ Ligstroside & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ Luteolin & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ Luteolin rutinoside & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ Luteolin di-glucosidase & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ Rutin & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ Hydroxyol & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ glucoside & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ Cybascoside & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ Oleoside methyl ester & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ Secologanoside & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \(\dagger\) Increased production of the metabolite in treated vs. control. \(\downarrow\) Decreased production of the metabolite in treated vs. control.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Metabolites identified in the drupe extracts of olive trees subjected to field applications of biological treatments. Samples are indicated by treatments with _Trichoderma_ strains (TH1, GV41, T22, M10, and KV906) or secondary metabolites (HA and 6 PP). Identifications were confirmed by comparing results with known compounds in an in-house database/standards and selecting matching (\(\geq\)95%).  
Figure 2: Venn diagrams of phenolic compounds whose abundance in the olive drupe metabolome is lower (**DOWN**) or higher (**UP**) compared to the control (CTRL). Samples treated with T22 are reported in green; with M10 in blue and with HA in red.