# A Novel Energy-Efficient Reservation System for Edge Computing in 6G Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
## 3 Methodology
### Simulation Environment  
The simulations were carried out using Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) [47], employing realistic scenarios exported from the Open Street Maps (OSM) [48] tool. The trace files created by SUMO are utilized in NS-3 [49] for additional simulation. The simulation results are provided and thoroughly examined. In the high-mobility VANET environment, an effective routing system is required for appropriate data transmission. Topology-based, location-based, reactive-based, proactive-based, cluster-based, and opportunistic-based are some of the routing protocols that have been suggested in the past. This research examines the performance of the AODV [50] reactive protocol for both the mRSU and the sRSU in a  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{I_{1}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{V_{1}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{P_{1}}\) = VI} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{I_{2}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{V_{2}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{P_{2}}\) = VI} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{P_{1}}\) \(-\)\(\mathbf{P_{2}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Time**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Distance**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **E = P \(\times\) T** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **per Day** \\ **kJ/Day** \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ \hline
1 & 480 & 4.01 & 1.92 & 362 & 4.00 & 1.44 & 0.47 & 2 & 60 & 0.9581 & 14.3721 \\
2 & 445 & 4.02 & 1.78 & 314 & 4.01 & 1.26 & 0.52 & 20 & 130 & 10.581 & 158.724 \\
3 & 467 & 4.00 & 1.86 & 332 & 4.00 & 1.32 & 0 workable VANET scenario. Additionally, route loss owing to impediments (such as cars, buildings, road curvature, and so on) along the path of signal transmission from one vehicle to another must be considered, as shown in Figure 7.  
Data packet loss reflects the network channel properties, while route loss is estimated using propagation models. As a result, route loss and fading models, as well as correct routing protocol selection, are examined. The IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 1609.14 standards are included in the WAVE. CSMA/CA [51] is implemented in the IEEE standard with QoS and reliable communication. As a result, interface protocols such as IEEE 802.11p and 1609.x allow effective short-range transmission in this context. At each channel, different traffic is generated and we analyze the energy consumption for each node. In this scenario, there is a \"tcp\" agent that is integrated with n0 as well as n2, and communication takes place to a \"TCP\" \"sink\" agent connected to n1 and n3. The maximum size of a packet created by a \"TCP\" agent is 1 KByte by default. A tcp \"sink\" agent produces and transmits ACK packets to the sender (tcp agent), and then frees the packets that it has obtained. A \"UDP\" agent connected to n4 and n5 is linked to a \"null\" agent connected to n6 and n7, respectively. A \"null\" agent simply frees the packets that have been received. To the \"TCP\" and \"UDP\" agents, an \"FTP\" and a \"CBR\" traffic generator are connected, respectively. The \"CBR\" is configured to produce 1 KByte packets at a 1 Mbps rate. \"CBR\" is planned to begin and stop, while \"FTP\" is set to begin at 1.0 s and end at 15.0 s.  
Here, at the start, the NS-3 script generates an object instance and assigns it to a variable; then, we initialize the packet format. After this, we create a scheduler and then select the default address format. The simulator object has member functions that create compound objects such as nodes and links; it then connects the network component objects created. After this, it sets the network component parameters and then creates connections between agents (forming a connection between \"tcp\" and \"sink\"). Similarly, the \"Cell Breathing\" concept of the varying coverage area of mRSU will be considered, as it appears in UMTS.