## 6 Define
### Key Design Principles Extraction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c} \hline
**Accuracy** & **Description** & **Methods/Tools** & **Output** \\ \hline
**Pre-Project Refinement** & Refinement of pre-projects & Charrettes/(1), (3), (5) & **Refined Design** \\  & developed in the _Explore_ phase & & **Documents** \\ \hline
**Refined Pre-Project** & & & \\
**Assessment** & Evaluation of design flexibility & Scenario planning and analysis/(3), (5) & Adaptability Analysis Report \\ \hline User Experience Assessment & Evaluation of functionality and comfort from the end-user’s perspective & User Journey mapping and Usability testing/(3), (6) & User Experience Analysis Report \\ \hline Sustainability Assessment & Evaluation of environmental impact & LCA/(3), (7) & Sustainability Report \\ \hline Dimensional Adequacy Assessment & Evaluation of the appropriateness & Spatial analysis/(1), (3) & Dimensional Adequacy Report \\ \hline Materials Assessment & suitability, durability, and aesthetic value & Materials analysis and comparison/(3), (8) & Materials Analysis Report \\ \hline Technology Assessment & Evaluation of the impact of the construction techniques on building process, cost, and time & Construction simulations and technique & Technology Analysis Report \\ \hline General Assessment & Comparison of outputs from previous assessments & Comparative analysis/(2), (3) & **High-Potential Pre-Project Selection** \\ \hline
**Extraction** & & & \\ \hline High-Potential Pre-Projects & Breakdown of pre-projects into fundamental components and cross-design comparison & Comparative analysis/(2), (3) & Recurring Themes and Strategies Report \\ \hline Principles Extraction & Core concepts and strategies acquisition from identified patterns & Synthesis/(1), (2), (3) & **Key Design Principles** \\ \hline
**Integration of Digital Tools** & & & \\ \hline (1) Modeling and Visualization Software & Development and communication of spatial ideas & AutoCAD, Illustrator, Rhino & 2D and 3D Models \\ \hline (2) Data Analytics Software & Comparison and analysis of data & Alteryx, Tableau & Analytical Reports \\ \hline (3) Sharing Platforms & Information collection and sharing & Google Drive, Dropbox & Accessible Data \\ \hline (4) BIM Software & Construction simulations, construction techniques evaluation & Revit, Navisworks & Detailed 3D models, Construction Issues Models \\ \hline (5) Collaboration Software & Tasks management and tracking of project progress; Scenarios planning and analysis & Asana, Trello, Microsoft Team & Scenario Models \\ \hline (6) User Experience Software & User journey mapping and usability testing & Figma, Maze & Users’ Needs and Reaction Models \\ \hline (7) Sustainability Software & LCA & SimaPro, GaBi & LCA Report \\ \hline (8) Material Databases & Materials analysis and comparison & Material ConneXion, CES & Materials Maps \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Outline of the _Focus_ phase. * _Integration of Digital Tools_ The work of the design team can be aided by tools already utilized in the previous phases. 1. Modeling and Visualization Software, such as AutoCAD, Illustrator, and Rhino, can be used to develop and communicate spatial ideas. 2. Data Analytics Software, such as Alteryx and Tableau, can be used to process, compare, and analyze data. 3. Sharing Platforms, such as Google Drive and Dropbox, enable information collection and sharing. That said, the analyses that need to be conducted during the pre-project assessment process should employ more specialized software or familiar software in a highly specific way: 1. BIM Software, such as Revit and Navisworks, can be used to perform construction simulations and evaluate construction techniques. 2. Collaboration Software, such as Asana, Trello, and Microsoft Teams, can be used for scenario planning and analysis. 3. User Experience Software, such as Figma and Maze, can be employed for user journey mapping and usability testing. 4. Sustainability Software, such as SimaPro and GaBi, can be used to perform LCA. 5.