## 3 Results
### Classification of Village Development Types  
Based on the aforementioned indices, we identified four types of villages; these are core, sub-core, connectivity villages, and sub-villages. The strategy used to classify villages into the four types showed in Table 4.  
The Village Development Index, Comprehensive Transport Index, and Transport Development Index are taken as the evaluation criteria for identifying the core villages. As the core villages are downstream of the town-level market and need to facilitate the surrounding villages, their land transportation accessibility and their own development condition are equally important. Similar indices, especially the transportation accessibility in a smaller range (calculated by local centralities dimensionality reduction), are also employed as criteria for identifying sub-core villages, which are complementary to core villages and require local transportation advantages and their own development. Connectivity villages are identified using the Comprehensive Transport Index, as they are a transit point in the land transportation system and require strong transportation advantages. The rest are classified as sub-villages.  
All villages are categorized by the criteria above and then the results are adjusted to keep a reasonable proportion and spatial layout among four types (Figure 14). The adjustment process obeys three rules. First, for core villages and sub-core villages, their quantity should be strictly controlled, and they ought to be distributed evenly over the whole county to provide balanced market services. For instance, Laicheng Village has a high rank in all aspects, making it an appropriate core village. Sub-core villages focus on their own development and local transportation accessibility. They are chosen to complement the core villages. For example, Beiliu Village could serve as a complement to the core village catchment area on the north shore of Baiyangdian Lake. Second, connectivity villages should keep their distance from core and sub core villages, in order to maintain contact  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Target** & **Type** & **Type Characteristics** & **High-Value Index** & **Representative Village** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Core villages} & \multirow{3}{*}{Core villages} & Transport advantage, self-development, potential & Comprehensive Transport Index, Village Development Index, Transport Index & \multirow{3}{*}{Laicheng} \\  & & Local transport advantage, self-development, potential & Local centrality dimension reduction, Development Index, Transport Development Index & \multirow{3}{*}{Beiliucun} \\  & & Transport advantage, self-development, potential & Comprehensive Transport Index & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & Transport advantage, water proximity & Comprehensive Transport Index & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Identification criteria of village types.  
Figure 13: Transport Development Index of villages in (a) 1964, (b) 1996, and (c) 2008.  
with different village groups. For instance, Dazhaozhuang Village links the north and south lake shores; and Sanyi Village links villages in Liulizhuang Town and village groups in the west. It helps Liulizhuang Town to break the restriction of water body. Moreover, more semi-waterside villages are designated as connectivity villages in the fine-tuning process because they are intermediaries in transportation between land and water and would play an important role in modern transport systems.