## 4 Results Analysis
### Tupu Analysis of LUCs  
#### 4.2.1 Tupu Analysis from 2000 to 2010  
The spatial arrangement of Tupu units reflecting LUCs in Pution City from 2000 to 2010 exhibited considerable variation. The most prominent shifts within the Tupu units were characterized by the transitions from \"CL\(\rightarrow\)BL\" (code 16), \"GL\(\rightarrow\)BL\" (code 46), and \"CL\(\rightarrow\)UL\" (code 17), which constituted 28.56%, 23.79%, and 18.18% of all the land-use types that underwent conversion, respectively (Table 5). These particular types of Tupu units were observed in expansive, densely packed areas throughout the research region (as depicted in Figure 3a). Furthermore, the transitions \"CL\(\rightarrow\)FL\" (code 12) and \"FL\(\rightarrow\)CL\" (code 21) made up 6.70% and 6.03% of the total converted land-use types, respectively. Other significant Tupu units included \"CL\(\rightarrow\)WB\" (code 15) and \"CL\(\rightarrow\)GL\" (code 14), which accounted for 4.11% and 3.34% of the total converted land-use types, respectively. These latter land-use conversions were predominantly found across the southern and coastal regions of the study area.  
Based on the findings regarding the transition zones for each land category (as shown in Table 5), cultivated land exhibited the largest transfer-out area among all land types, amounting to 150.94 km\({}^{2}\). Within this area, 46.62% was converted into BL (70.37 km\({}^{2}\)), 29.68% into UL (44.80 km\({}^{2}\)), 10.94% into FL (16.52 km\({}^{2}\)), 6.71% into WB (10.12 km\({}^{2}\)), 5.45%  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Land Type**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2000**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2010**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2020**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Single Land-Use Dynamic Index/\%**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Area/km\({}^{2}\)** & **Ratio/\%** & **Area/km\({}^{2}\)** & **Ratio/\%** & **Area/km\({}^{2}\)** & **Ratio/\%** & **2000–2010** & **2010–2020** & **2000–2020** \\ \hline Cultivated land & 1261.15 & 32.14 & 1125.85 & 28.70 & 1003.29 & 25.57 & \(-\)1.07 & \(-\)1.09 & \(-\)1.02 \\ Forest land & 2071.01 & 52.78 & 2054.28 & 52.36 & 2046.22 & 52.15 & \(-\)0.08 & \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)0.06 \\ Orchard land & 12.76 & 0.33 & 15.73 & 0.40 & 19.25 & 0.49 & 2.33 & 2.24 & 2.55 \\ Grassland & 309.00 & 7.88 & 263.56 & 6.72 & 266.23 & 6.79 & \(-\)1.47 & 0.10 & \(-\)0.69 \\ Water body & 105.33 & 2.68 & 114.44 & 2.92 & 115.74 & 2.95 & 0.87 & 0.11 & 0.49 \\ Construction land & 109.15 & 2.78 & 245.61 & 6.26 & 335.65 & 8.55 & 12.50 & 3.67 & 10.37 \\ Unused land & 55.09 & 1.40 & 104.02 & 2.65 & 137.13 & 3.49 & 8.88 & 3.18 & 7.44 \\ Total & 3923.49 & - & 3923.49 & - & 3923.49 & - & 21.96 & 8.17 & 19.09 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Sources: Drawings from this study.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Land-use structure in Pution City from 2000 to 2020.  
into GL (8.23 km\({}^{2}\)), and 0.60% into OL (0.90 km\({}^{2}\)). Conversely, the transfer-in area of cultivated land was only 15.63 km\({}^{2}\), with 95.10% originating from FL (14.86 km\({}^{2}\)) and the remaining from GL (0.77 km\({}^{2}\)). When looking at where the CL was reallocated, it was predominantly transformed into BL, while in certain mountainous regions like Xianyou County and Hanjiang District, it was converted into FL and OL.