## 7 Conclusions
The range of materials that are accessible is always being expanded through ongoing research and development, bringing new possibilities with distinctive features that improve the adaptability and practicality of 3D printing technologies. Current status of 3D printing in Industry 4.0: The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0, is redefining manufacturing by utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to automate tasks and decrease human intervention, as well as technologies that allow machines to connect with one another. Consequently, 3D printing is a key part of Industry 4.0, fitting well with its goals. Moreover, 4D printing, which uses smart materials, further boosts the importance of additive manufacturing. Industry 4.0 aims for systems that work on their own and better connections. Industry 4.0 aims for self-operating systems and better connectivity, with 3D printing facilitating digital transmission of data, remote operation, minimal manual involvement, and the ability to create complex shapes and utilize smart materials. This leads to a reduction in waste and the need for additional processing steps [203]. Advantages and limitations: Additive manufacturing is transforming the manufacturing industry with benefits such as personalization, less waste, quicker turnaround times, the ability to create complex designs, and making manufacturing more accessible. It customizes products to meet precise requirements, uses materials more efficiently, accelerates the making process, enables the creation of detailed designs, and opens up manufacturing to smaller companies and individual makers. These benefits showcase additive manufacturing's transformative potential in enhancing efficiency, customization, and accessibility in manufacturing. Disadvantages of additive manufacturing include limited material options, quality control challenges, higher costs compared to traditional methods, size limitations due to printing bed constraints, and negative environmental impact stemming from non-recyclable materials and significant energy consumption. Applications across diverse sectors: Important industries like the automotive sector, healthcare, aerospace, food, and construction have all seen revolutionary changes because of additive manufacturing. This cutting-edge technology's capacity to produce inexpensive, lightweight, and effective goods as well as intricate structures has resulted in important breakthroughs. These characteristics have been crucial in the growing application and significance of AM across numerous industries [46]. Innovations: Recent trends in additive manufacturing have revolutionized industries by offering customized, efficient, and material-efficient processes. AM techniques contribute to diverse applications, from aerospace to healthcare, with advancements in materials broadening capabilities. Multi-material printing enhances functionality, while software tools and AI streamline design and optimization. Overall, AM signifies a transformative shift in manufacturing, with ongoing advancements promising even greater efficiency, customization, and adoption across industries, driven by innovative materials and advanced technologies, including AI [46]. Current challenges and future prospects: While the industrial sector is crucial for economic growth, technological advancements and evolving production methods pose challenges for enterprises and workers alike. Industry 4.0 has faced criticism for its heavy reliance on technology, seemingly prioritizing machines over people. In response, Industry 5.0 has emerged, placing greater emphasis on the role of workers in production processes. This transition underscores the value of human contribution, which was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the role of workers was essential in keeping industrial operations productive and resilient. Industry 5.0 employs cutting-edge technology to address these issues, including cyber-physical cognitive systems, collaborative robotics, hyper-customization, and predictive maintenance.