## 4 Discussion
However, as the reaction progresses, the rate slows and may eventually align with conventional processes. This difference in kinetics--initially fast, then logarithmic--could pose challenges in batch reactors due to diminishing degradation efficiency over time. However, this could be an advantage in continuous flow reactors, where the high initial degradation rate would ensure efficient treatment without requiring long residence times, making it a promising option for large-scale industrial applications. Finally, the efficiency parameters of the batch reactor were evaluated for its operation without and with UV light, respectively. As observed in Table 3, the cell potentials are 13.7 and 13.05 V, respectively, and the decrease can be attributed to the contribution of ultraviolet energy in the electrochemical system operation. The energy consumption per unit of degraded mass has values of 6.20 and 3.71 kW \(\times\) h \(\times\) kg\({}^{-1}\), and it can be noted that the photoelectrochemical system demonstrates better efficiency within the same effective area of 33.3 m\({}^{-1}\). Meanwhile, the space-time efficiency presents 31.6 and 52.73 g \(\times\) mL \(\times\) h\({}^{-1}\), achieving a degradation of 1.7 times more dyes using the same amount of electrical current density. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) have proven highly effective in degrading textile dyes. [PERSON] et al. (2015) demonstrated that the photo-Fenton process outperformed the UV/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) and Fenton methods in decolorizing Reactive Orange 4 and Reactive Blue 19. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. (2019) emphasized the role of sulfate radicals, generated via UV-C-activated peroxdisulfate, in improving dye degradation. [PERSON] et al. (2022) showcased the effectiveness of plasma-modified CeO\({}_{2}\) catalysts for catalytic and photocatalytic dye removal, achieving significant Total Organic Carbon (TOC) reduction and process stability. In comparison, the current study explores an electrochemical approach, both with and without UV light, achieving competitive degradation rates and efficiency parameters. Unlike traditional AOPs like \(\mathrm{UV/H_{2}O_{2}}\) and photocatalytic methods, this electrochemical system utilizes anodic and cathodic reactions to degrade dyes. While AOPs such as photo-Fenton and plasma-catalysis have demonstrated strong performance, they often depend on specific reagents, catalysts, or irradiation conditions that may hinder their scalability. In contrast, the electrochemical method studied here offers operational simplicity and adaptability, making it a promising complementary technology for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this approach can be optimized for continuous flow systems, where the synergy between electrochemical and UV activation presents a significant operational advantage. This electrochemical method provides a more flexible and scalable option compared to conventional AOPs. By leveraging anodic and cathodic reactions in combination with UV light, the system offers advantages in terms of operational simplicity, adaptability, and potential for integration into continuous flow reactors. This characteristic makes it an attractive alternative for large-scale wastewater treatment applications, where efficiency and cost-effectiveness are critical. Additionally, its ability to operate without the need for specific reagents or catalysts enhances its applicability across a wide range of wastewater types.