## 1 Introduction
Thus, renewable thermal energy for powering the MD process for absorption cooling systems shows considerable potential. Using membrane modules as desorbers for absorption heat pump applications has been widely studied and reported, and two configurations have been studied, namely hollow fiber membrane modules and flat membrane modules. In the first category, there are the following reports: [PERSON] et al. [9] proposed and analyzed a hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane (HFM) module for heat and mass transfer using numerical simulation to replace a conventional heat exchanger (called an economizer) in absorption cooling systems. The driving forces in this module are the differences in concentration and temperature between the hot concentrated solution and the cold diluted solution that flow inside the hollow fiber membranes and the shell side of the HFM device, respectively. Two configurations were simulated: direct contact and vacuum pressure. In the first case, the heat transfer via conduction through the HFM layers causes a decrease in the temperature difference between the two feed solutions, resulting in a decrease in the vapor mass transfer. In the second case, heat transfer via conduction can be considered negligible when the LiBr solution streams flow inside the hollow fibers and the shell side is filled with water vapor. Under this condition, the vapor mass transfer is higher. [PERSON] et al. [10; 11] provided an experimental and theoretical analysis of a HFM desorber. As solution temperature increased, the vapor pressure increased exponentially, thereby enhancing the vapor mass transfer. The temperature polarization coefficient increased as the solution mass flux increased, indicating that the thermal difference between the solution channel and membrane decreased. The experimental desorption rate increased from 2.5 to 4 kg/m\({}^{2}\) h when the solution mass flux increased from 157.3 to 239.8 kg/m\({}^{2}\) s. The LiBr concentration in the solution was 51% _w/w_. The authors found that the vapor mass flux was enhanced when the condenser pressure was lower. The number of hollow fiber membranes can be adjusted for a specific volume of the module; therefore, a new lighter system is feasible. In the literature, there are more reports about flat membrane modules: [PERSON] et al. [12] evaluated a membrane micro-desorber prototype operated with a heat source at 62 and 66 \({}^{\circ}\)C and H\({}_{2}\)O/LiBr solution as the working mixture. The micro-desorber included a stainless steel plate with 50 rectangular microchannels 3 mm wide, 0.15 mm tall, and 58 mm long, and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane with a 0.45 \(\upmu\)m pore diameter. The desorption rate ranged from 1.60 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) to 4.20 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) kg/m\({}^{2}\) s. In another study, [PERSON] et al. [13] completed a parametric analysis of a membrane micro channel desorber working in direct diffusion and boiling modes with a H\({}_{2}\)O/LiBr mixture. For membrane desorber design, the major parameters that must be considered include solution channel height and thickness of the heat exchange plate, regardless of operation mode. However, during operation, the inlet LiBr concentration restricts water vapor mass transfer in both cases. To maximize the desorption rate, the highest viable temperature of the thermal source must be selected. [PERSON] et al. [14] described a simplified model of a plate and frame membrane desorber with confined microchannels. It consisted of a hydrophobic membrane used to separate the water vapor and the H\({}_{2}\)O/LiBr solution. The mean absolute error of the theoretical results was 26.4% compared with the experimental data. This result indicated the ability of the mathematical model to predict membrane desorber behavior. [PERSON] et al. [15] proposed a new intermittent absorption cooling system including a membrane desorber/condenser coupled to a solar system.