## 1 Introduction  
Most areas of Caofeidian (Tangshan Caofeidian New District in Hebei Province, China) were formed by land reclamation. The reclamation area has reached 380 km\({}^{2}\). The common method of shallow foundation treatment in Caofeidian area is the squeezing of silt with broken rocks. This can straightforwardly damage underground pipelines. Furthermore, a large amount of broken rocks is required, and these need to be transported from places that are 200 km away. Both the breaking of mountains to extract stones or rocks and the long-distance transport are hazardous to the environment and unconconical. In addition, the dredger soil in this area was extracted from the offshore sand, which has a large salt content. The groundwater level in this area is high, and the seawater erosion is significant, which results in severe soil salinization. As a result, the engineering characteristics of dredger soil, such as short consolidation time, high water content, and salinization, have significantly hindered the construction and development of the Caofeidian area project. Recently, soil solidifying agents have been developed and widely used in the construction of infrastructure such as ports, roads, and water conservancy facilities because of their remarkable properties, low prices, and good treatment effects [1]. Lime and cement were the earliest solidifying agents used by humans and are widely applied worldwide. These agents have been applied and studied by many researchers. [PERSON] et al., [PERSON] et al., and [PERSON] et al. used lime to solidify clay [2; 3; 4]. [PERSON] et al., [PERSON], and [PERSON] et al. used lime to strengthen sulphated coastal -clay [5; 6; 7; 8; 9]. [PERSON] et al. conducted experimental research (on-site and laboratory) on cement kiln dust (CKD) as a soil stabilizer [10]. [PERSON] et al. studied dredged marine clay solidified with cement and fly ash and other binders [11]. In addition, certain new solidifying materials have been examined by a few researchers: [PERSON] investigated the use of lime-combined PFA (pulverised fuel ash) and cement-combined PFA to solidify clay soil [12]. [PERSON] et al. proposed the use of burned olive waste as a new soil solidifying agent [13]. However, it has been demonstrated that conventional solidifying agents have a low solidifying effect on coastal dredger soils with high water content and salinization. [PERSON] et al. observed that the strength of cement-solidified soil increases slowly in a saline environment over the long term, and that durability is reduced significantly owing to the corroding effect of salt [14]. [PERSON] et al. demonstrated that the use of lime as solidifying agent cannot effectively improve the strength and durability of dry saline soil [15]. Therefore, a few researchers improved conventional solidifying agents with additives for saline environments. For example, [PERSON] et al. used ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) to replace part of the lime to solidify sulphate-containing Kimmeridge clay [16]. The results revealed that the strength of solidified clay soil was improved significantly. [PERSON] et al. proposed that industrial wastes such as lime, volcanic ash, and their mixtures are good solidifying materials for saline clay soil [17]. [PERSON] et al. proposed that industrial waste slag mixed with aluminium slime can enhance the early strength of saline soil [18]. Simultaneously, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other microscopic test methods have been applied in different research studies to clarify the mechanism of saline soil solidification and to select good solidifying agents. For example, based on these microscopic analyses, [PERSON] et al. discussed the formation mechanism of [PERSON]'s salt (3 CaO\(\cdot\)Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)CaCl\({}_{2}\cdot\)10H\({}_{2}\)O) and the analogues in C\({}_{3}\)A-rich (3 CaO\(\cdot\)Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)) cement soil [19]. [PERSON] et al.