## 4 Conclusions and Discussions  
One of the most crucial advantages of this research on the SuperPin Plus curved reflex-reflector can decrease the production cost of the reflex reflector severely, as the design can reflect one incident beam as two groups of beams to 0.20\({}^{\circ}\) and 0.33\({}^{\circ}\), respectively, as shown in Figure 5. This allows the SuperPin Plus to meet both SAE and ECE standards while using the same type of pins with the same dimension and shape. Function switching between SAE and ECE standards only needs CCRs to rotate 45\({}^{\circ}\). The new optimal CCR design is shown to surpass the performance of the typical one. By using double-pin groups to build the SuperPin Plus curved CCR, reflection efficiency can be improved. Through using OptisWork software to find out the optimized SuperPin Plus curved CCR, \(\mathbf{R_{I}}\) can be increased further; however, this does sacrifice the reflection efficiency, \(\mathbf{R_{A}}\). Using an efficient working area ratio, reflection efficiency \(\mathbf{R_{A}}\), and coefficient of luminous intensity \(\mathbf{R_{I}}\) as the evaluation indices of curved CCR to compare a commercial regular curved CCR with the proposed new design. It can be inferred that the optimized SuperPin Plus curved CCR redistributes the reflected light beam energy of the initial SuperPin Plus curved CCR design, which takes more energy from other retro-reflected beams into the up 0.2\({}^{\circ}\) (SAE) or up 0.33\({}^{\circ}\) (ECE). After computer simulations and optical experiments, we demonstrated that the proposed SuperPin Plus curved CCR is not only above the SAE and ECE standard but also has a 32% larger working area and much better reflection efficiency than the commercial CCR, whose posterior region is not effective at all. Figure 21: Comparison of the commercial regular CCR and the optimized design SuperPin Plus CCR’s coefficient of luminous intensity \(\mathbf{R_{I}}\) by region. (SAE curved CCR). Figure 20: Comparison of the commercial regular CCR with the optimized design SuperPin Plus CCR’s coefficient of luminous intensity \(\mathbf{R_{I}}\) by region. (ECE curved CCR). Based on the data in Figures 20 and 21, it can be computed that the ratio of averaged \(\mathbf{R_{I}}\) of the optimized SuperPin Plus SAE curved CCR to that of the commercial SAE curved CCR is (10,172/7,380, 0\({}^{\circ}\)), (8,489/5,972, 10\({}^{\circ}\)U), (7,826/5,268, 10\({}^{\circ}\)D), (7,479/5,322, 20\({}^{\circ}\)L), and (6,678/4,427, 20\({}^{\circ}\)D), which means 27.4% (0\({}^{\circ}\)), 29.6% (10\({}^{\circ}\)U), 32.7% (10\({}^{\circ}\)D), 28.8% (20\({}^{\circ}\)L), and 33.7% (20\({}^{\circ}\)R) higher retro-reflection efficiency can be accomplished by the proposed SuperPin Plus SAE curved CCR. In addition, the ratio of averaged \(\mathbf{R_{I}}\) of the optimized SuperPin Plus ECE curved CCR to that of the commercial ECE curved CCR is (13,446/8,145, 0\({}^{\circ}\)), (11,306/6,203, 10\({}^{\circ}\)U), (10,194/5,888, 10\({}^{\circ}\)D), (9,451/5,457, 20\({}^{\circ}\)L), and (9,139/5,093, 20\({}^{\circ}\)D), which means 39.4% (0\({}^{\circ}\)), 45.1% (10\({}^{\circ}\)U), 42.2% (10\({}^{\circ}\)D), 42.3% (20\({}^{\circ}\)L), and 44.28% (20\({}^{\circ}\)R) higher retro-reflection efficiency can be accomplished by the proposed SuperPin Plus ECE curved CCR. In conclusion, we proposed a reflex reflector with a new corner cube structure. Compared with conventional ECE regular retro-reflectors, we found that not only can a 41% higher retro-reflection efficiency be achieved with the ECE SuperPin Plus flat reflex reflector, but also that the SuperPin Plus can act as a reflex reflector for the SAE standard. By using genetic algorithms for optimization, the angles and the positions of the pins considered as the building parameters of corner cube reflectors can influence the performance of a curved reflex reflector.