# Developing an Assisting Device to Reduce the Vibration on the Hands of Elders
## 4 Results and Discussion  
To verify the effectiveness of our approach, a test platform was built with our device's hardware model in a practical situation, as shown in Figure 9. The design mentioned in the previous section was realized to investigate the gyroscope-based anti-tremor action. Generally, it is necessary to create a unit that is compact and lightweight to enable the user to carry out their normal activities in their daily lives. To measure the system's performance precisely, sensor calibration is essential. In fact, most sensors also have corresponding tolerance in any direction. The accelerometer's calibration process in three axes was \(\pm\)1 g, while the root-mean-square value of the error was reduced to 0.10 m/s\({}^{2}\). Although we made an effort to produce high-quality testing equipment, it might not have simulated the exact data of [PERSON]'s patients presented in the above section. Due to some mechanical limitations, this equipment was programmed to emulate the tremor in a range of 1.41 \(\pm\) 2.58\({}^{\circ}\) and frequency from 4 to 6 Hz. The experimental setup was validated as above by a standard action, for instance, drinking water. This test's tremor was classified into three levels--easy, medium, and complex--which were attained by an accelerometer. The detailed results are verified in Figure 10 to visualize the differences in various levels. In each type, the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the tremor was chosen for comparison. For the easy level, at the frequencies of 4.32 Hz, 6.48 Hz, and 8.62 Hz, the RMS values of an earthquake were 0.59\({}^{\circ}\), 0.05\({}^{\circ}\), and 0.07\({}^{\circ}\), respectively. There were two considerable points in the medium range: the tremor had a 1.24\({}^{\circ}\) RMS value at 5.4 Hz and 0.14\({}^{\circ}\) at 10.78 Hz. Similarly, there was a 1.68\({}^{\circ}\) RMS value at 4.91 Hz and 0.2\({}^{\circ}\) RMS value at 9.79 Hz for hard tremors. Figure 9: Real-world model of the proposed wearable device: (**a**) top view and (**b**) side view. In an effort to validate the effective performance, the experimental scenario was compared between two cases: non-gyro and gyro-based tremor-less tests. The same levels (easy, medium, and hard) were also employed in both cases. In the non-gyro case such as that shown in Figure 11, it could be inferred that the average value of tremor amplitude was amplified while its frequency was kept constant. In detail, the amplitude varied from 0.59\({}^{\circ}\) to 0.78\({}^{\circ}\) at 4.32 Hz, from 0.05\({}^{\circ}\) to 0.4\({}^{\circ}\) at 6.48 Hz and from 0.07\({}^{\circ}\) to 0.17\({}^{\circ}\) at 8.62 Hz. At the medium level, the amplitude fluctuated from 1.24\({}^{\circ}\) to 2.98\({}^{\circ}\) and from 0.05\({}^{\circ}\) to 0.04\({}^{\circ}\) at 5.4 Hz and 10.78 Hz, respectively. The hard tremor case increased from 1.68\({}^{\circ}\) to 4.1\({}^{\circ}\) and decreased from 0.2\({}^{\circ}\) to 0.1\({}^{\circ}\) at tremor amplitudes at 4.91 Hz and 9.79 Hz, respectively. As a result, in the frequency range of 4 Hz to 9 Hz, the amplitude was enlarged, while it was lessened in the higher frequency of 9 Hz. The experimental tests on humans are illustrated in Figure 12, where the feasibility, effectiveness, and capability of our approach have been validated. For competitive purposes, our work was compared with a device for finger tremor suppression in [40]. Different designs for the driving mechanism, controller, peripheral instrument, etc., are briefly summarized in Table 3. A wearable device for vibration suppression is a feasible solution for [PERSON]'s patients who suffer severe medical problems and wish to avoid surgery. Our approach represents great advantages in being a lightweight, compact unit with a rapid response, high efficiency, and lower power consumption with respect to other devices. Figure 10: Experimental results of the gyro-based tremor-less case with respect to three levels: (**a**) easy, (**b**) medium, and (**c**) hard.