# A Detailed Review on Foam Concrete Composites: Ingredients, Properties, and Microstructure
## 8 Conclusions  
Today, understanding the properties of foam concrete is of interest to researchers, and many studies focusing on different properties of foam concrete are being conducted. The properties of foam concrete vary depending on many factors. Factors such as foam type, cement type, mineral additives, aggregate type, and the properties of the air spaces created directly affect the strength, fresh and hardened properties of foam concrete. This article examines the materials that make up foam concrete, their fresh and hardened properties, and the changes in their strength and microstructure.  
Based on the review presented in this study, the following conclusions can be drawn:  
1. Foam stability affects the strength properties of foam concrete. The foam stability affects properties, such as the selected foaming agent, aggregate, and water amount used.
2. The increase in the foam volume significantly reduces the consistency, and the increased air voids overlap and increase the amount of combined pore. The distance between the air voids, pore structure, and pore size affect strength.
3. The increase in the amount of foam also affects the density of the foam concrete.
4. An increase in the amount of paste increases the amount of drying shrinkage.
5. The thermal conductivity coefficients of the materials preferred in foam concrete production affect the thermal conductivity of the foam concrete.
6. The use of wastes, such as fly ash as a filler, has a positive effect on strength properties. However, due to its pozzolanic properties, it provides late strength gain. This may cause a decrease in strength, especially at early ages, when used as cement replacement.  
To better understand the fresh state properties of foam concrete, the factors affecting the fresh state properties should be examined in future studies. In addition, the effects of the materials that make up the foam concrete on the durability properties require further research to be better understood. In particular, the evaluation of waste aggregates and the effects of the use of various aggregates should be included in this research. Models should continue to be developed in order to be able to prepare mixtures easily and to produce the aimed foam concretes. In this way, the mechanical and strength properties of foam concrete can be determined faster and easier, and researchers can make reliable predictions. Acoustic foam concrete is the least researched subject, and in this respect, it is necessary to focus more on acoustic properties.  
This research received no external funding.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
**Nomenclature**  
ACP -- Acoustic Properties  
ANN -- Artificial Neural Network  
AS -- Animal Surfactant  
AVC -- Air Void Content  
BF -- Basalt Fiber  
BFS -- Blast Furnace Slag  
BT -- Bentonte  
CBP -- Clay Brick Powder  
CDW -- Construction and Demoition Waste  
CTAB -- Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide  
DS -- Drying Shrinkage  
EPS -- Expanded Polystyrene  
EVP -- Expanded vermiculite powder