## 3 Results
### Histomorphometric Findings  
#### 3.4.1 New Bone Formation  
Regarding the effect of the vitamin D level on the ossification of graft material, an increase in the vitamin D level was observed to cause an increase in the number of new bone formations in all groups. The number of new bone formations in all four defect types was found to be statistically significantly higher in group H compared to group C and group L. The highest new bone formation ratio was observed in the AIG group (1.48 \(\pm\) 0.07) in group H. The XG group was found to have a ratio close to the AIG group (1.46 \(\pm\) 0.08 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Inflammation Score**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**High Vit D**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Normal Vit D**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Low Vit D**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Test Value**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & **n (\%)** & & & **n (\%)** & **n (+)** & **\(p\)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\({}^{1}\) Empty Defect (ED)} & Negative & 8 (66.7) & 10 (83.3) & 9 (75.0) & \(\chi^{2}\): 3.810 \\  & + & 4 (33.0) & 1 (8.3) & 3 (25.0) & \({}^{\text{c}}\) 0.469 \\  & ++ & 0 (0.0) & 1 (8.3) & 0 (0.0) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\({}^{2}\) Autogenous Graft (AuG)} & Negative & 9 (75.0) & 9 (75.0) & 10 (83.3) & \(\chi^{2}\): 0.461 \\  & + & 3 (25.0) & 3 (25.0) & 2 (16.7) & \({}^{\text{c}}\) 1.000 \\  & ++ & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\({}^{3}\) Xenograft (XG)} & Negative & 9 (75.0) & 7 (58.3) & 7 (58.3) & \(\chi^{2}\): 5.677 \\  & + & 3 (25.0) & 5 (41.7) & 2 (16.7) & \({}^{\text{c}}\) 0.184 \\  & ++ & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & 3 (25.0) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\({}^{4}\) Allograft (AIG)} & Negative & 11 (92.0) & 8 (66.7) & 7 (58.3) & \(\chi^{2}\): 3.645 \\  & + & 1 (8.0) & 4 (33.3) & 5 (41.7) & \({}^{\text{c}}\) 0.256 \\ \cline{1-1}  & ++ & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Fisher–Freeman–Halton test.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Inflammation scores. Negative: no inflammation, + = mild inflammation, ++ = moderate inflammation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Fibrosis Score**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**High Vit D (H)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Normal Vit D (C)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Low Vit D (L)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Test Value**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & **(n = 12)** & **(n = 12)** & **(n = 12)** & **(n = 12)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\({}^{1}\) Empty Defect (ED)} & + & 9 (75.0) & 6 (50.0) & 10 (83.3) & \(\chi^{2}\): 3.157 \\  & ++ & 3 (25.0) & 6 (50.0) & 2 (16.7) & \({}^{\text{c}}\) 0.290 \\  & +++ & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\({}^{2}\) Autogenous Graft (AuG)} & + & 5 (41.7) & 5 (41.7) & 8 (66.7) & \(\chi^{2}\): 2.000 \\  & ++ & 7 (58.3) & 7 (58.3) & 4 (33.3) & \({}^{\text{d}}\) 0.368 \\  & +++ & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\({}^{3}\) Xenograft (XG)} & + & 6 (50.0) & 3 (25.0) & 9 (75.0) & \(\chi^{2}\): 6.000 \\  & ++ & 6 (50.0) & 9 (75.0) & 3 (25.0) & \({}^{\text{c}}\) 0.049 * \\ \cline{1-1}  & +++ & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\({}^{4}\) Allograft (AIG)} & + & 4 (33.3) & 4 (33.3) & 8 (66.7) & \(\chi^{2}\): 8.088 \\  & ++ & 8 (66.7) & 5 (41.7) & 2 (16.7) & \({}^{\text{c}}\) 0.066 \\ \cline{1-1}  & +++ & 0 (0.0) & 3 (25.0) & 2 (16.7) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Fisher–Freeman–Halton test; \({}^{\text{d}}\) [PERSON]’s chi-square test
* \(p\) < 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Fibrosis scores. + = mild fibrosis, ++ = moderate fibrosis, ++ = severe fibrosis. \(p\) = 0.527), followed by the AuG and ED groups, respectively. The new bone formation area in the AlG group in group H was observed to be statistically significantly higher compared to the AuG group (\(p\) = 0.014).