# Analysis on the Spatial-Temporal Distribution Patterns of Major Mine Debris Flows in China
## 6 Conclusions and Discussion  
1. China's major mine debris flow intra-annual statistics show that more than 90% of disasters occur from May to September; the largest number of disasters occur in July. Rainfall is the most important trigger of disasters, so the summer flood season is the key period of the year for mine debris flow prevention and control.
2. The analysis of interannual changes of mine debris flow shows that the number of major mine debris flow disasters from 1954 to 2019 demonstrated a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. At the same time, the proportion of mine debris flow in the total number of debris flow disasters also shows a changed trend of first increasing and then decreasing, which indicates that the disaster prevention and mitigation work for mines has achieved certain results.
3. The spatial distribution of major mine debris flows shows that the number of mine debris flows in Southwest China is significantly higher than that in other regions; Northwest China is the second most vulnerable area for major mine debris flows after Southwest China. The middle and high mountains and low mountain and hilly areas are the geological environment areas with high occurrence of mine debris flow, which not only occur with high frequency and intensity, but also cause serious damage. The above-mentioned areas should become the key prevention areas for disasters.
4. To determine the evaluation factors, such as topography, geological structure, meteorology and hydrology, degree of soil erosion and human factors; to establish a calculation model using the multi-factor integrated index method to comprehensively evaluate the regional distribution of mine debris flow; and to divide the grade according to the regional evaluation score \(F\)--which is useful for understanding the problems of mine geological environment, formulating prevention and control measures for mine debris flow according to local conditions, and promoting the development of mine development in China--has certain reference values for understanding the problems of mine geological environment, formulating prevention and control measures for mine debris flow, and promoting the development of disaster prevention and mitigation in China's mine development.  
Conceptualization, T.Y. and G.W.; methodology, T.Y.; software, T.Y.; resources, C.W. and H.C.; writing--original draft preparation, T.Y.; writing--review and editing, G.W.; supervision, G.W.; funding acquisition, Y.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China grant number 52174114 And International Technology Transfer Center for Mineral Resources Development and Solid Waste Resources Utilization in Yunnan Province, China grant number 202203 AE140012.  
Figure 5: Comprehensive evaluation model of mine debris flow distribution area.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Our research does not involve humans or animals.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Our research does not involve humans or animals.  
**Data Availability Statement:** No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.  
**Acknowledgments:** We thank [PERSON]'s contribution to this manuscript.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.