esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
_Appl. Sci._**2013**, \(3\), 593-613; doi:10.3390/app3030593  
_Applied sciences_  
**ISSN 2076-3417**  
www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci  
_Article_  
Routine Production of \({}^{89}\)Zr Using an Automated Module  
**[PERSON]. [PERSON] \({}^{1,2}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1,3}\) and [PERSON] \({}^{1,2,*}\)**  
\({}^{1}\) Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine,  
660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; E-Mails: [PERSON]A.L.W.);  
[PERSON]ADDRESS] (E.M.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.D.S.);  
[PERSON]DRESS] (L.A.L.); [PERSON]DRESS] (E.M.);  
[PERSON]ADDRESS] (B.C.L.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.E.L.)  
\({}^{2}\) Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097,  
1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  
\({}^{3}\) Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1105,  
1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  
\({}^{*}\) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [EMAIL_ADDRESS];  
Tel.: +1-314-362-4696; Fax: +1-314-362-9940.  
_Received: 9 May 2013; in revised form: 12 June 2013 / Accepted: 24 June 2013 / Published: 12 July 2013_  
**Abstract:**\({}^{89}\)Zr has emerged as a useful radioisotope for targeted molecular imaging via positron emission tomography (PET) in both animal models and humans. This isotope is particularly attractive for cancer research because its half-life (\(t_{1/2}\) = 3.27 days) is well-suited for _in vivo_ targeting of macromolecules and nanoparticles to cell surface antigens expressed by cancer cells. Furthermore, \({}^{89}\)Zr emits a low-energy positron (\(E_{\beta^{+},mean}\) = 0.40 MeV), which is favorable for high spatial resolution in PET, with an adequate branching ratio for positron emission (BR = 23%). The demand for \({}^{89}\)Zr for research purposes is increasing; however, \({}^{89}\)Zr also emits significant gamma radiation (\(\Gamma_{IS\ keV}\) = 6.6 R\(\cdot\)cm\({}^{2}\)/mCi\(\cdot\)h), which makes producing large amounts of this isotope by hand unrealistic from a radiation safety standpoint. Fortunately, a straightforward method exists for production of \({}^{89}\)Zr by bombarding a natural Y target in a biomedical cyclotron and then separation of \({}^{89}\)Zr from the target material by column chromatography. The chemical separation in this method lends itself to remote processing using an automated module placed inside a hot cell. In this work, we have designed, built and commissioned a module that has performed the chemical separation of \({}^{89}\)Zr safely and routinely, at activities in excess of 50 mCi, with radionuclide purity \(>\) 99.9% and satisfactory effective specific activity (ESA).  
keywords: \({}^{89}\)Zr; isotope production; automation; cyclotron; positron emission tomography
###### Abstract  
Introduction: In youth soccer, for examining injury prevention and exercise performance, most of the interventional studies concerning corrective postural asymmetries have applied general intervention programs, ignoring the specific individual corrective needs of each youth player separately. The aim, therefore, of the present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks of an individualized corrective exercise intervention program on musculoskeletalal asymmetries in young soccer players. Materials and Methods: Eighty young male soccer players (age: 14.4 \(\pm\) 1.2 years; body height: 166.3 \(\pm\) 9.6 cm; body mass: 59.1 \(\pm\) 11.5 kg) participated in the current laboratory-based study. A battery of postural and musculoskeletalal asymmetry evaluations were initially performed. After the completion of the initial assessment, each player was provided with an individual musculoskeletal asymmetry corrective exercise intervention program which lasted for 8-weeks, with the aim of restoring muscular asymmetries. Following the application of the intervention program, a re-evaluation of their musculoskeletalal asymmetries was performed. Results: There was a significant improvement in the primary angle of trunk rotation (\(r=-0.56\), \(p<0.001\)), hamstring flexibility (right: \(r=-0.55\), \(p<0.001\); left: \(r=-0.48\), \(p<0.001\)), hip external rotation (right: \(r=-0.46\), \(p<0.001\); left: \(r=-0.26\), \(p=0.020\)), hip internal rotation (right: \(r=-0.26\), \(p=0.021\); left: \(r=-0.35\), \(p=0.002\)), the opened-eyse Stork Test (right: \(r=-0.33\), \(p=0.003\); left: \(r=-0.33\), \(p=0.003\)), the closed-eyse Stock Test (right: \(r=-0.39\), \(p<0.001\); left: \(r=-0.43\), \(p<0.001\)), the Thomas test [right: (\(\chi^{2}(3)=52.281\), \(p=0.001\), \(\hat{\gamma}=-0.751\); left: (\(\chi^{2}(3)=45.832\), \(p=0.001\), \(\hat{\gamma}=-0.696\))] and of ankle prone passive dofflexion (flexed knees) (\(\chi^{2}(2)=13.019\), \(p=0.005\), V = 0.285). Conclusions: An 8-week individual corrective intervention exercise program may improve postural and musculoskeletal asymmetry status in young male soccer players.  
postural asymmetries evaluation; youth soccer; corrective exercise program
# A 28 GHz 5G Phased Array Antenna with Air-Hole Slots for Beam Width Enhancement
## 1 Introduction  
With the rapid development of wireless mobile communication technologies, the demand for higher data rate services has significantly increased over the recent years. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system [1] was introduced and has been receiving considerable interest from various industrial fields. Among many frequency bands, the millimeter band has been considered a good candidate for 5G communication, since it provides higher data rate services because of increased channel bandwidth compared to lower frequency bands [2]. A promising technology for utilizing millimeter band communications is the phased array antenna with beam steering capability [3]. Most studies have focused on the high peak gain, the wide reflection coefficient bandwidth, the wide scan angle, or the low side lobe level, which are typical specifications of the phased array antenna for mobile devices [4; 5; 6].  
Very few, however, are interested in the half power beam width (HPBW) in the elevation plane [7; 8; 9], which is normal to the azimuth plane (beam scanning plane), as illustrated in Figure 0(a). Since mobile communications require hemispheric beam coverage, as shown in Figure 0(b) [10], HPBW in the elevation plane (XZ plane) is a crucial specification of the phased array antenna needed to minimize the fading caused by the shaded area [11]. The antennas proposed in [7; 8] employ substrate-integrated waveguide structure as a cavity and used posts in order to shape the beam pattern of the antenna. The HPBWs in the elevation plane of the antennas are 133.1 degree and 180 degree, respectively. The antenna proposed in [9] introduced parasitic loop and mushroom-like element in order to broaden the beam width up to 130 degree. However, such work either has high cost structure [7; 8] or beam width which is not wide enough for 5G application [9].  
This paper proposes a \(1\times 8\) phased array antenna for 5G applications operating at 28 GHz with enhanced HPBW in the elevation plane using air-hole slots. While showing adequate performances of the reflection coefficient bandwidth, the peak gain, the scan angle, and the side lobe level [12], the proposed antenna provides excellent HPBW in the elevation plane above 219 degree. The proposed array antenna has a relatively cost-effective structure compared with [7,8] and has the widest HPBW (up to 39 degree) among the three studies [7, 8, 9, 10]. Therefore, the proposed work can play an important role as array antenna for a modern 5G mobile handset device.
# Improving Air Pollution Prediction System through Multimodal Deep Learning Model Optimization
## 3 Dataset
### Cropped Satellite Image Dataset  
Cropping means the act of removing unwanted areas from an image. Figure 1 presents aerosol data for Korea and other countries. However, the rest of the area in the satellite image is removed since the numerical data constructed is only for the Korean Peninsula, as shown in Figure 2. We later show how the prediction performance varies depending on the satellite image datasets. We later show how the prediction performance varies depending on the satellite image datasets.  
Figure 1: Satellite image with aerosol particle size information. (Source: Data from National Meteorological Satellite Center).
## 4 Discussion
The large amount of MGs observed in _Oreochromis niloticus_ erythrocytes, after applying different treatments, is due to the fact that not all cell nuclei suffer the same damage [41]. The MG helps to identify groups with the highest number of comets and the number of cells per group [22], which could be the subpopulations most affected by each treatment and could be related to the specific damage that provokes each agent. In the erythrocytes of _Ambystoma mexicanum_, we did not observe this behavior with MGs; despite the genetic damage observed, the erythrocytes did not show great heterogeneity of genetic damage, which could be due to the fact that this species has a large number of mechanisms to preserve genome stability [42]; however, we currently have little information about it. This is of great importance [10] because a genotoxic agent might damage only a small fraction of the cells in a tissue, but it is those cells that are most likely to cause a tumor. AA has been reported as an antigenotoxic agent [43; 44]; therefore, it was used in this study and the MG was able to detect a decrease in genetic damage. In _Oreochromis niloticus_, a reduction in genetic damage was observed through the tail length and MG parameters, as has been reported for other bioassays or comet test parameters. Cases where no reduction is observed could be related to poor DNA repair in fish compared to mammals [45; 46; 47; 48]. _Ambystoma mexicanum_ erythrocytes, it was not possible to evaluate differences between treatments and MGs also showed the ability to detect UV-C-induced genetic damage and post-treatment using AA in erythrocytes from both organisms. Furthermore, tail length could not detect a decrease in tail magnitude with respect to PC. These results agree with what was reported by [PERSON] et al. [22]. The MG containing the highest number of comet cells significantly increased (\(p\leq 0.05\)) the number of cells compared to the PC. This may be due to the specific damage that is manifested by the action of high-concentration AA [49]. AA antigenotoxicity is notable at concentrations as low as 5 mM, as observed using MGs, but AA concentrations equal to or greater than 10 mM do not show an antigenotoxic effect. Despite the average effect of the comet test, the number of MGs observed through the tail length parameter is directly proportional to the genetic damage, which coincides with that reported by [PERSON] et al. [22], indicating that the frequency of comets per group is related to the damage and depends specifically on the genotoxic agent and not only on the concentration. A limitation of the comet assay is that the cellular response to a genotoxic treatment not only depends on the average amount of DNA damage in the cells; it also depends on the response of a small population of cells [10]. This work shows that MGs allow the subpopulations most affected by agents that damage the genetic material to be observed, which increases the sensitivity of the comet test and complements the existing parameters.
# Remote Control Device to Drive the Arm Gestures of an Assistant Humanoid Robot
## 5 Experimental Evaluation
### Measurement of the Telecontrol Delay
The gestures analyzed are upwards, upwards-lateral, downwards, circular-inwards, circular-clockwise, wave and clap. The movement column of Table 4 provides a short description of the gesture performed. To simplify the interpretation of the results, the structural delay (established in the experiment described in Section 5.2) is assumed as a fixed value in all the gesture experiments. The telecontrol delay shows the motion delay observed by visually comparing the gesture of the human operator and the robot. The telecontrol delay is in a range from 340 ms to 900 ms with an average value of 549 ms, which is very similar to the value estimated from the average structural delay and the average communication delay (540 ms). This delay does not compromise the dynamic visual perception of the remote operator controlling the humanoid robot or the user interacting with the robot. A video showing the telecontrol of the APR-02 robot can be found in [76] and in the Supplementary Materials.
## 3 Application to Gimpo Airport  
### Size of Gimpo Airport First Parking Lot  
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of Korea announced a road map to utilize airport control, radar, and navigation safety facilities considering the utilization of existing air traffic infrastructure such as at Incheon Airport and Gimpo Airport in Korea. Since vertiports in the airport have the advantage of utilizing the airport's professional manpower and infrastructure in case of emergency and the initial market for UAM is air ambulances and airport shuttles, this study analyzed three types of layouts for Gimpo Airport. The dimensions were calculated using the distance measurement function of Naver Map [20] for analysis, and the previously determined sizes of the vertiport components were used. The parking space was measured for the current parking space at Gimpo Airport's current parking lot and the expanded parking space including the surrounding vacant lot. The FAA's on-airport location of a FATO was reviewed because it is a vertiport to be installed close to the airport runway. The distance between the runway and the center of the FATO requires a minimum separation of 300 ft (91 m) for aircraft weighing less than 12,500 pounds (5670 kg) [14]. The distance between the space considered and the runway is more than 700 m, so it satisfies the requirements.  
In this study, a single floor parking space was used. The Korea Airports Corporation presents a double-decker vertihub as shown in Figure 15, and each floor can share aircraft with the others through an elevator.  
Figure 14: Example of pier topology that complies with the EASA’s new regulations.  
Figure 13: Example of pier topology that complies with the FAA’s new regulations.  
When the vertiport consists of only a single floor, the efficient layout was estimated by classifying the vertiport components into three types in the measured space. The passenger waiting space was considered as an additional component, and for efficient aircraft turnover, a constraint was given to connect at least two gates per one TLOF pad to the remaining space except for the passenger waiting area. Since there is an airport runway in the southwest as shown in Figure 16, the TLOF pad was placed to take off and land except in the southwest direction.
# Overview of Startups Developing Artificial Intelligence for the Energy Sector
## 2 Artificial Intelligence
Overall, the chart underscores AI's critical role in driving technological advancements and sustainability across multiple industries [41]. Artificial intelligence, closely linked with big data analysis, is increasingly being recognized as a pivotal emerging technology. Governments and businesses alike acknowledge its potential applications in the energy sector. Over the past two decades, research has surged in combining big data, AI, and energy across various disciplines. Big data serves as the fundamental basis for AI, enabling computers to emulate human intelligence through algorithmic training. The integration of distributed processing, cloud storage, and IoT technologies has fueled a substantial rise in data influx within the energy sector, driven by technologies like sensors and cloud computing [42]. Artificial intelligence is increasingly being recognized for its transformative potential in the energy sector, enabling analyses of historical data, optimization of current operations, and prediction of future trends. As the utility industry leans towards a technology-driven environment, AI holds promise for revolutionizing energy provision and other related industries [43]. Power systems' intricate nature exposes them to security vulnerabilities, particularly with the integration of complex algorithms and real-time operating equipment. Mitigating these risks is crucial, as underscored by historical events like national blackouts [44]. Integrating AI technology into power system development presents an avenue for enhancing decision-making across all stages of power grid development. In the energy market, intelligent systems incorporating ML are utilized for various activities such as alarm processing, problem diagnostics, forecasting, and security evaluation [45]. ML finds extensive application in energy analytics and computing, with utilities employing it for customer segmentation, pricing anticipation, fraud detection, and maintenance estimation [46]. ML techniques are also deployed by utilities like Pacific Gas & Electric and San Diego Gas & Electric for load estimation and anomaly detection [47]. Figure 3: Impact of AI on energy transition (data taken from [41] and bar chart developed by the authors). Deep learning (DL), a specific AI branch, plays a crucial role in enhancing energy planning efficiency and predicting energy usage. Brazilian researchers propose leveraging deep learning models for energy usage prediction, yielding significantly improved precision compared to conventional methods [48].
## 5 Simulation Results and Prototype Implementation
### Simulation Results and Discussion
It can be deduced from the figures that the cost wise (time and energy) of our proposed system can achieve better performance and able to maintain a lower overhead in comparison with the other policies. In addition, the edge execution policy exceeds the local execution as the number of data size increases (i.e., data size > 8 MB). This is due to our proposed model can select some appropriate tasks to be executed remotely (i.e., at edge or cloud server) while rejecting others in an optimal way, which minimizes the sum cost of the entire system.
# A Very High-Resolution Urban Green Space from the Fusion of Microsatellite, SAR, and MSI Images
## 4 Discussion
### Advantages  
The availability of PlanetScope data through the standard education and research license, along with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data in the GEE data catalog, opens up diverse possibilities for mapping and monitoring the environment. Specifically, the high resolution of PlanetScope data provides researchers and stakeholders with the means to enhance the level of detail in urban green space analysis in developing countries. In this context, this research seeks to evaluate the potential of PlanetScope data combined with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for classifying urban green spaces in Jakarta with great precision and efficiency in terms of computation time.  
Prior to conducting the analysis using GEE, attempts were made to process a massive 4.5 GB mosaic of PlanetScope data to classify urban green spaces in Jakarta using QGIS. After waiting for two days, the results proved inadequate, as QGIS encountered an error and became unresponsive. In stark contrast, when utilizing the GEE platform, all that was required was uploading the data to the cloud project. With a user-friendly programming interface and intuitive JavaScript code, the process was completed in a matter of minutes, yielding highly satisfactory results.
# Optical OFDM for SiPM-Based Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Links
## 6 Performance Study of the UWOC Link
### Impact of Bias Selection for DCO-OFDM  
For the sake of completeness, we provide here clarification on the impact of DC bias selection for the case of DCO-OFDM signaling. For this, consider the typical case of \(P_{\mathrm{Tx,e}}=50\,\mathrm{mW}\), \(R_{b}=20\,\mathrm{Mbps}\), and 4-QAM signal constellation. We have compared in Figure 13 the BER performance when using the optimal bias (see Section 5.5), with the case where \(B_{\mathrm{DC}}\) is calculated based on considering a clipping factor, see Equation (11). It can be clearly seen that the best energy efficiency is obtained for the case of optimized bias. For \(\mathcal{K}_{\mathrm{dB}}=7\,\mathrm{dB}\), the BER performance is relatively close to the optimum bias case. Indeed, for a too low \(\mathcal{K}_{\mathrm{dB}}\), the performance is limited by the clipping noise, whereas for a relatively large \(\mathcal{K}_{\mathrm{dB}}\), the system suffers from a poor energy efficiency due to using a too large bias. We have provided in Appendix B a more detailed analysis of the link performance when using the optimal bias and that based on \(\mathcal{K}_{\mathrm{dB}}=7\,\mathrm{dB}\).  
Although the interest of optimal bias setting is obvious, its calculation (which is done numerically, see Appendix A) needs a high precision (and therefore, a high computational cost), which is explained in detail in Appendix C. Therefore, in the case of changing transmit power, for instance, in an adaptive  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(\boldsymbol{\eta\approx 1\,\mathrm{bps}/Hz}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\boldsymbol{\eta\approx 2\,\mathrm{bps}/Hz}\)} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\boldsymbol{R_{b}\,(Mbps)}\)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**LBI (m)**} & \(\boldsymbol{Z_{\mathrm{max}}\,(m)}\) & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**LBI (m)**} & \(\boldsymbol{Z_{\mathrm{max}}\,(m)}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{DCO} & 20 & 93.7 & 127.5 & 77.5 & 115.5 \\  & 50 & 76.5 & 110.1 & 66.5 & 104.3 \\  & 100 & 58.5 & 91.6 & 53.3 & 90.9 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ACO} & 20 & 91.2 & 135.4 & 6.3 & 57.9 \\  & 50 & 74.5 & 118.4 & 2.88 & 55.5 \\  & 100 & 57.3 & 99.9 & – & – \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{LACO} & 20 & 89.32 & 131.8 & 28.3 & 75.1 \\  & 50 & 73.2 & 114.5 & 25.9 & 72.4 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 100 & 55.6 & 95.9 & 23 & 69.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: LBI and maximum attainable range for DCO, ACO, an LACO-OFDM transmission schemes according to Figure 12; \(\mathrm{BER}=10^{-3}\).  
UWOC transmission system, where the bias needs to be adjusted dynamically (based on the estimated channel state information), it would be preferable to fix the bias simply by setting the clipping factor.