## 1 Introduction  
The decline in crude oil production is a persistent challenge in the oil industry. The rate of production decreases over time, often caused by damage located in both the rock formation and the surface facilities. Close to 85% of those damages are resultant from oil wax congealing at the wellbore, in production string, and all through the surface pipelines [1]. The majority of crude oil and its products contain large amounts of oil wax called paraffin. Paraffin is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed from linear or normal chains, which are mainly composed of 20 to 40 carbon atoms [2]. Paraffin wax deposition causes equipment failure, upstream and downstream flow congestion, and loss of production, transportation capacity, and storage [3]. Due to the deposition of paraffin wax, plenty of wells are shut-in, countless pipelines blocked, transport vessels taken out of services, and refinery equipment closed at certain times, all resulting in a loss of income [1]. Once formed, the paraffin in which the liquid is transported is deposited on the wall of the pipes.  
Paraffin deposition in hydrocarbon production systems is a major challenge for the development of oil and gas fields in cold environments or in deep waters [4; 5; 6] where nucleation and adhesion of the wax to the wall of the pipe occur [7]. Paraffin deposition in oil production is a critical problem that is difficult to control in terms of productivity and production operating costs. It begins from the reservoir then progresses to surface facilities [4]. A common method used to mitigate the problem is increasing the temperature of deposit wax. The problem must be handled as early as possible to prevent the decrease in oil production due to solids blocking the flow in the pipe. The primary target of heating the wax is to reduce the viscosity of the fluids. This can also be achieved by the use of some additives. Solvents generated from biomass can act as wax inhibitors.  
Research on the application of biomass has mainly focused on the pharmaceutical industry, fuel reserves, and others [8]. However, there has been little discussion about the application of biomass to the crude oil in below surface conditions or near the wellbore. This study systematically reviews the expectations and challenges of using biomass in the prevention and slowing of paraffin wax deposition that occurs during the crude oil production process. Firstly, the review discusses the availability of raw materials in which the types and the area distribution of each material are shown. Secondly, this paper assesses the bioethanol production process consisting of three steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Thirdly, this paper examines the problems that occur due to the appearance of paraffin wax and how the solvent is frequently used in the oil industry. Biomass is a renewable energy source that has received attention; various types of biomass have been used such as coffee grounds [9], tea waste, and palm shells [10; 11]. Bio-solvents are solvents that can be produced easily and economically where the production process consists of several stages: hydrolysis, fermentation, and the purification process through distillation [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. One type of bio-solvent that can be produced from biomass is bioethanol [19; 20; 21]. The raw materials for bioethanol can be sourced from: (1) biomass starch such as corn, cassava, and sorghum [12]; (2) sugar sources, such as cane crops, sugar cane juice, coconut sap, and gum [22; 23]; and (3) source of cellulose including rice husks, bagasse, and corncobs [24; 25]. In general, biomass basically consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [19; 26; 27] which the availability of its raw materials is a great potential to be utilized.