## 2 Operation and Control
### Advanced Electrical Equipment
#### 2.1.3 The Development of Prediction and Self-Diagnosis Systems  
The SG must also develop and integrate new systems, which will be used for prediction and self-diagnosis. In this section, we will take care of this.  
Some works are based on linear estimates and AI. The techniques of AI, and specifically the genetic algorithms, can be used in wind farms, [PERSON] et al. [18] apply these methods to dampen the reactive power in an induction generator.  
As [PERSON] et al. [19] show, DG can include new levels of fault currents, these authors propose a system for its management based on non-linear programming (NLP) system. As is known, AC power transformers have failures at half the rate of high voltage direct current (HVDC) converter transformers, in this sense, [PERSON] et al. [20] present a model to evaluate HVDC based on a fuzzy system.  
[PERSON] et al. [21] propose an efficient and versatile system for the monitoring and evaluation of overvoltage. The system is used to classify, and it is composed by a fuzzy expert system and a support vector machine (SVM-AI) (similar strategy was used by [PERSON] et al. [22]). This is an example of AI application for self-diagnosis.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] study the problem of current balancing in a three-phase, to maximize the efficiency of the grid, and they use the \"ant colony optimization\" method (a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems, within swarm intelligence methods--AI). The authors say that their model improves other existing ones so far.  
To summarize, Table 1 shows all the work described in this section. In the rows the types of strategies used (AI, classification, expert systems, etc.) are shown, while in the columns the application rate on the operation and advanced electrical equipment (improvement of electrical equipment, incorporation of power electronics and prediction systems and self-diagnosis) are shown. This section has presented the main works in the area of advanced electrical equipment. The author has detected the existence of numerous works based on AI, classifiers, fuzzy logic, linear systems, systems of differential equations, etc.; therefore, it is interesting to appreciate the interrelation between new electrical equipment and classic and novel techniques of the computational field.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Operation and Control: Advanced Electrical Equipment**} \\ \cline{2-4}
**Summary of Advanced** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**The Improvement,**} & \\
**Electrical Equipment** & **Development and** & **The Incorporation of** & **The Development of** \\
**Electrical Equipment** & **Unification of Electrical** & **Power Electronics** & **Prediction and** \\
**Equipment Accessibility** & **Control Equipment** & **Self–Diagnosis Systems** \\ \hline
**Classification** & [9] & \\ \hline
**Linear systems and** & [10; 14] & [12; 13; 16; 17] & [11; 15] \\
**differential equations** & & & \\ \hline
**Expert systems, fuzzy** & & & \\
**systems, artificial intelligence and** & [19; 20] & [21; 22] & [23] \\
**nonlinear systems** & & & \\ \hline
**Linear estimator +** & & & \\
**artificial intelligence** & - & [18] & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Summary of Advanced Electrical Equipment.