## 6 Industrial Efforts to Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Management: Tools
### Efforts against Communication Attacks
#### 6.1.2 Security of Financial Transactions  
Some of industrial tools mainly emphasis on the reliability and governance of digital trading-system using blockchain, especially in cargo and financial trading businesses. These tools employed a secure and traceable payment system, which is compliant with the directives to achieve traceability. For a secure financial trading, parties can anonymously compete for fair financial trade through establishing blockchain-based transparent and traceable interactions among each other. For instance, OriginTrail [73] protocol was developed, which brought a trusted data sharing environment to supply chains by utilizing blockchain technology. The goal of OriginTrail is to establish a foundation for the next generation of business supply chain applications. In principle, OriginTrail ensures data integrity and validation in inter-organizational environments of supply chain, based on globally recognized standards and powerful graph data structures. The solution stack of the OriginTrail consists of the four layers, including application layer, ODN layer, ODN data layer, and blockchain layer. The _application layer_ provides seamless integration for a broad ecosystem of supply chain management tools. Decentralized applications running on top of OriginTrail increases efficiency and integrity in supply chain management, insurance, banking, and other industries. Next, the _ODN_ (_OriginTrail decentralized network_) _layer_ supports scalability with its own off-blockchain network. A decentralized network of nodes enables key blockchain-like capabilities that are particularly relevant for supply chains focused on data governance and accessibility. Whereas, the _ODN data layer_ providesa highly performance and decentralized graph-database that connects data sets across supply chains. The layer establishes interoperability by supporting global standards for data exchange, while sensitive data is protected using a zero-knowledge privacy sublayer. Interoperability is established by building upon globally recognized GS1 standards for master data (descriptive attributes for products), transaction data (related to business relations), and visibility data (related to tracing and tracking) in addition to IoT and compliance data. In principle, data from different IT systems is transformed in a unified way, so the protocol can take full advantage of the relational nature of supply chain data. Once the data is aligned throughout the supply chain, consensus mechanism and the verification of data can take place. Furthermore, the privacy sublayer in ODN provides a zero-knowledge way for validating sensitive data elements in successive events in the supply chain. It supports data encryption for sensitive data with specific publicly verifiable properties, which provides very powerful way to unlock great value from information that is deemed unshareable. On thsi account, the OriginTrail protocol is able to validate a whole supply chain in terms of quantity, based on the encrypted data shared between stakeholders involved in one supply chain. Finally, the _blockchain layer_ stores data that cannot be tampered. To this end, each data set is immutably fingerprinted on the blockchain with cryptographic hashes. Furthermore, by virtualizing the blockchain layer, OriginTrail can be used with different blockchains. This ensures flexibility and longevity of the protocol. Despite, OriginTrail network is a special purpose network to ensure data security and privacy, it only supports security and privacy of data at network layer. It cannot be directly applied to establish end-to-end security and privacy of data along its journey across the supply chain. This limitation is because of the involvement of several other layers like application layer, which is software specific and requires different techniques to protect data against security and privacy breaches. Daimler AG and Landesbank Baden-Wurttemberg (LBBW) [71] have jointly developed a blockchain-based platform to execute a financial transaction.