## 3 Results
### Summary of the Selected Articles
#### 3.1.4 Medicine  
AR in medicine is potentially useful in scenarios where doctors need extra help to virtually observe organs in places where it is not possible to do so. During the research of AR medicine, it was possible to analyze articles relating to plastic surgeries, medical treatments where movements and eye perception are important to implement, medical procedures such as laparoscopies, and psychological therapies among other operations that were successfully implemented with certain improvements to manage in the future. First, studies using AR and VR were carried out to induce anxiety as a possible treatment for claustrophobic patients. The tests were applied to 34 randomly selected participants, where the variables considered were skin behavior and heart rate through a subjective anxiety scale; the data were taken at the end of each activity. The VR and AR systems effectively induced anxiety, and although no significant differences were found between which system was better to simulate these scenarios, it was considered that the AR had a slightly higher score [49]. The following article pointed out the importance of AR for medical personnel training in thoracoscopic surgeries. The necessity of AR in this procedure originated from the difficulty in specializing in or improving surgical processes and enhancing surgeons' skills. For the study, it was necessary to replicate scenarios through 3D models in the concept of the visual and reproduction of physical models, pressure gauges, and sensations for the kinesthetic aspect, demonstrating that the simulator is useful for improving the practices of experimented surgeons and beginners. The AR-based video-assisted thoracoscopic system developed in this study was effective and can be used as a training device to aid in the development of thoracoscopic skills for surgeons that are in their initial stages [17]. Additionally, another of the studies analyzed a presented problem corresponding to visuospatial deficiency manifested at the end of cardiovascular accidents in patients. In this case, visual scanning training is used for rehabilitation, making it very intensive and less attractive for patients. Nevertheless, AR helps facilitate treatment by increasing natural interactions with the environment [50]. An AR tool for the monoscopic projection of the liver on a phantom surface in a 3D model is proposed, allowing the simulation of syringe insertion into the liver, thereby reducing the number of errors made from 50% to 30%. Although it was effective, it still has problems to be solved, for example, the user must pay attention to avoid the occlusion of the phantom edge of the camera. In addition, single-marker head tracking makes the system sensitive to yaw/pitch/roll rotations of the head, and significant rotations can lead to inaccuracy and distortion in the projected image [51]. Talking about medical diagnostics guidelines, a print run with 40 volunteers based on 30 fictitious descriptions of the patient was developed, where AR smart glasses and a tablet were compared. The precision in decision making was recorded and the results between both devices were contrasted. Significantly faster overall triage time was achieved with the tablet PC (median 12.8 s, IQR 9.4-17.7, 95% CI 14.1-14.9) compared with smart glasses (median 17.5 s, IQR 13.2-22.8, 95% CI: 18.4-19.2; \(p=0.001\)). Taking into account the difference in triage time between both devices, the additional time needed with the smart glasses could be significantly reduced over the course of the tests (21.5 s, IQR 16.5-27.3, 95% CI: 21.6-23.2) in the first run, 17.4 s (IQR 13-22.4, 95% CI: 17.6-18.9) in the second run, and 14.9 s (IQR 11.7-18.6, 95% CI: 15.2-16.3) in the third run (\(p=0.001\)). Regarding the accuracy of guideline decisions, there were no significant differences between the two devices [52]. Another way of being able to work with AR in medicine is in laparoscopy, where the study analyzed applies two methodologies in the implementation of AR.