# Comparing the Performance of Vivotless Tracking and Fixed-Type Floating Solar Power Systems
## 3 Results and Discussion  
Figure 3 shows a three-dimensional rendering image of the pivotless tracking-type floating solar power system and installed PV system, respectively. The pontoon was used as a floating body and 5 PV modules were installed on a pontoon to float the panels on the water. The floating body, which consisted of panels and a pontoon, was connected by the winding system and the position of the floating body was adjusted by increasing or decreasing the length of the wire. Besides, the floating body was surrounded by four mooring systems to stabilize and rotate the PV system, and each mooring system was connected to a buoy, sinker, and anchor to settle the mooring system on the water. For generation quantity comparison, the fixed and tracking types of the solar power system were installed in the Irwol reservoir, which is located in Suwon, Republic of Korea, at a latitude and altitude of 37.2880\({}^{\circ}\) N and 126.9726\({}^{\circ}\) E, respectively. The system was 50 m off the land and the length of the connected power cable was about 70 m. The setups of the two systems were almost same, such as the location of the systems and the inclination angle of the panels. However, the tracking-type had an additional winding system to rotate  
Figure 2: Layout of the pivotless tracking-type floating photovoltaic system.  
270\({}^{\circ}\) of the overall floating body for tracking. This tracking-type system does not have a pylon, the cost of construction is reduced, and maintenance is easy because there is no collision between the pylon and structure. In addition, in the event of a typhoon, it is fixed with a mooring system to strengthen its resilience; thus, it is safe, even in strong winds, and the power generation facilities can be protected from floating objects resulting from floods. Figures 4-10 shows the produced energy output of each system from May 2019 to June 2020. As the figures show, the tracking-type solar system generates more energy than the fixed-type system. The tracking-type solar system showed much better performance between March and September compared to other months. In addition, during winter, not only was the energy output small, but the difference between the two systems was small. These results correspond to the amount of solar radiation and the sun-path of the period [42]. Figure 11 shows  
Figure 5: Energy output comparison between fixed vs. tracking type in July 2019 (**left**) ad August 2019 (**right**).  
Figure 6: Energy output comparison between fixed vs. tracking type in September 2019 (**left**) and October 2019 (**right**).  
Figure 7: Energy output comparison between fixed vs. tracking type in November 2019 (**left**) and December 2019 (**right**).  
Figure 8: Energy output comparison between fixed vs. tracking type in January 2020 (**left**) and February 2020 (**right**).  
Figure 10: Energy output comparison between fixed vs. tracking type in May 2020 (**left**) and June 2020 (**right**).  
Figure 9: Energy output comparison between fixed vs. tracking type in March 2020 (**left**) and April 2020 (**right**).  
As shown, the tracking-type system worked more efficiently during certain periods of exposure to high insolation, such as in spring and summer. The tracking-type system rotates 270\({}^{\circ}\) along the horizontal axis to track the sun. As the amount of insolation increases, the amount of electricity produced by solar power generation also increases. Previously reported comparison between the fixed and tracking-type PV system on the ground showed that a tracking-type has 30% more energy output than a fixed-type [43]. The performance of our floating system is close to the previous results and considering characteristics of floating PV system, the pivotless tracking-type floating system has advantages. Table 1 presents the total energy output during the entire monitoring period from May 2019 to June 2020.  
As shown in the table, the tracking-type generated 371.39 kWh more than the fixed-type solar system, which had 13.83% better performance during the period.