# Reliable Integrity Preservation Analysis of Video Contents with Support of Blockchain Systems
###### Abstract  
In this article, we propose an integrity preservation analysis scheme of video contents working on the blockchain systems. The proposed scheme stores the core points of video contents analysis in the blockchain system permanently so that any user can easily verify the results of the proposed analysis procedure and their reliability. The scheme first examines the codec software characteristics of digital camera devices and video editing tools in advance, and stores them in the blockchain systems. Next, the scheme extracts the codec software characteristic from the target video file and compares it with the prepared characteristics in the blockchain system. With a matched characteristic, the scheme finds out the source camera device or the source video editing tool that generates the target video file. We also propose an integrity preservation trace scheme to record the transformation history of video contents into the blockchain systems. This scheme compares the original video and its transformed video frame by frame, and stores the comparison result with a hash value of the transformed video in the blockchain system. Then, the integrity analysis and transformation history of the target file can be easily searched in the blockchain system, where the hash value of the video file is used as the index of searching operation. We implement the proposed scheme into a practical tool upon a commercial blockchain system, Klaytn. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme carries out the integrity analysis of video contents with 100% accuracy, and provides the transformation history of non-original video contents with 100% accuracy when a proper parameter is given. It is also shown that the proposed scheme completes the integrity analysis within at most one second, and the search operation for transformation history within at most four seconds. integrity analysis; integrity preservation trace; video contents; blockchain; digital video forensic +
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trace such as a signature or watermark is embedded imperceptibly into the video contents at the recording time, and it is utilized to discover tampering evidence of the forged video [4]. In the passive blind approach, descriptive features such camera sensor artifacts, coding artifacts and material object features are extracted from the video data without the help of signatures or watermarks, and they are analyzed to detect abnormal patterns of forged multimedia [5; 6]. The studies for the recovery of deleted/hidden videos design the mechanism of how to search and extract frame artifacts of deleted video upon unallocated storage space of camera devices, and how to assemble found video fragments [3; 7]. The studies for the source authentication of video focus on identifying the specific model of source digital devices or video editing tools by examining unique characteristics of digital video devices, such as parameters of software codecs, lens radial distortion, and sensor imperfections [1; 8; 9]. The proposed scheme handled in this article belongs to the category of source authentication of videos. In order to verify whether the target video file is generated by a digital camera device or by a video editing tool, the proposed scheme examines the characteristics of codec software used to compress the image stream into a small-size video file. The scheme prepares the codec characteristics of as many camera devices and editing tools as possible, and stores them in a form of signatures database in the blockchain system. Next, the scheme extracts the codec characteristic from the target video file and compares it with the prepared characteristics in the blockchain system. If the extracted characteristic is matched with one of the digital camera devices, the scheme determines if the target video file is original. On the other hand, if the extracted characteristic is matched with one of the video editing tools, the scheme determines if the target video file is edited, i.e., not original.