# Research on Pressure Exertion Prediction in Coal Mine Working Faces Based on Data-Driven Approaches
###### Abstract  
Coal is the main energy source in China, but coal mining is a high-risk industry, making the prevention and control of coal mining hazards an important topic. Constrained by the complexity and unpredictability of underground spaces, current research on coal mining disaster prevention and control technologies mainly focuses on the characteristics of overlying strata and the laws of mine pressure, resulting in significant deficiencies in accuracy. Given this, a data-driven pressure prediction method is proposed, which uses deep learning models to learn the patterns in existing data and generate the required predictions. This approach avoids the challenges of accurately extracting rock mass physical and mechanical parameters and geological structure modeling, thereby improving the accuracy of disaster prevention and control. The stage of working face pressure exertion is a period prone to disasters during coal mining. To achieve accurate prediction of working face pressure, the task is divided into three steps: the first step is to predict support resistance data ahead of the working face, the second step is to classify the pressure labels of coordinate units, and the third step is to predict the characteristic parameters of pressure exertion. Deep learning models were designed and trained separately for each of the three steps: For the first step, a deep Spatiotemporal sequence model was selected, and the trained model achieved a mean absolute error of 4.65 kN in prediction. For the second step, an image segmentation-based classification model was chosen, with the trained model reaching a classification accuracy of 97.77%. For the third step, a fusion model consisting of three LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks was designed. The trained model achieved a mean absolute error of 0.17 for the dynamic pressure coefficient, a maximum resistance error of 810.93 kN during the pressure period, an error of 9.96 cycles for the pressure duration, and a classification accuracy of 92.35% for the pressure type. Simulating the actual situation of application scenarios, the input data for the second and third steps were set as the output data from the previous step, and the model was evaluated. The model achieved a mean absolute error of 1035.21 kN for the prediction of support resistance and classification accuracy of 82.90% for the pressure labels of coordinate units. In the simulated scenario, there were 9922 instances of pressure exertion, and the model predicted 10,336 instances, with 9046 of them matching the actual instances. The prediction of characteristic parameters was evaluated for 4946 instances of pressure exertion, which included three complete pressure exertion cycles. The mean absolute error for the dynamic pressure coefficient was 0.21, the maximum resistance error during the pressure period was 1218.31 kN, the error for the duration of the pressure cycle was 11.03 cycles, and the classification accuracy for the pressure exertion type was 91.75%.  
data-driven; coal mine disasters; support resistance; pressure exertion prediction; spatiotemporal prediction; image segmentation