# Enhancing Industrial Processes Through Augmented Reality: A Scoping Review
## 3 Results
### Literature Review
Hardware such as cameras, monitors, laptops and projectors have a more specific and limited use, but are still important in certain AR contexts. In terms of graphics engines, Unity 3D is the most widely used due to its versatility and ability to support multiple SDKs, such as Vuforia, ARCore and the Mixed-Reality Toolkit (MRTK). This allows developers to create robust and functional applications for a variety of hardware. Other graphics engines and SDKs are also used, albeit to a lesser extent, for specific applications that require particular capabilities. Appendix C presents an analysis of the impact of AR implementation in industrial processes. It compares the state before and after the adoption of AR, highlighting the percentage of optimisation achieved. This information provides a clear view of the quantitative benefits that AR can bring to efficiency and productivity in industrial environments. Figure 4: Hardware used in the processes. The results show the significant benefits of applying AR in various industrial processes. The implementation of AR has shown a remarkable reduction in task execution time. For example, a reduction in design time by 45.22% and assembly by 25% was observed. Item collection time decreased by 9% for 10-item lists and 12.55% for 20-item lists. For inspection and documentation, inspection time was reduced by as much as 50 percent and fault documentation time by 66 percent. In addition, training and maintenance also showed significant reductions, with training time decreasing by 75 percent and maintenance time decreasing by 46 percent. Productivity and efficiency also improved significantly with AR. Trainer productivity increased by 10 percent by reducing interruptions during work. Efficiency in both simple and complex tasks increased, with task completion time reduced by 30.31% through the use of HMD hardware. Additionally, the efficiency of disc brake system maintenance increased by 32.53%. Work quality also benefited, reducing the duration of the quality control process by 24.63% for expert operators and 49.08% for non-expert operators. Error reduction is another significant benefit of AR implementation. A 32.35% decrease in errors during spindle assembly and an 81.08% reduction in errors during assembly with AR warnings were observed. In addition, spot-weld accuracy increased by 52%, improving the accuracy of the work performed. Product quality also improved with AR, with product porosity reduced by 14.94% over previous studies, indicating an improvement in final product quality. In terms of costs, maintenance personnel costs per vehicle were reduced by 0.32%, representing a small but significant reduction in operating costs. Optimisation in inspection and repair processes also benefited from AR. The inspection time of highway structures was reduced by 78% and the repair of compressors with an AR MARMA system showed a reduction in repair time by 30%. Thus, it is demonstrated that applying AR in industrial processes provides remarkable benefits, including reduced task execution time, improved productivity and efficiency, reduced errors, improved product quality, and cost savings. These benefits are reflected in an overall optimisation of operational performance and increased efficiency in performing critical tasks in the industrial environment.