# Considered Factors of Online News Based on Respondents' Eye Activity Using Eye-Tracker Analysis
## 3 Research Methodology
### Numerical Data Processing  
This experiment had two groups of data with numerical values. The first one was XY coordinates from tracking respondent's eye movement, and the second group was the value of BAI from respondent self-assessments. XY coordinates from each respondent were cleaned with Microsoft Excel to avoid empty rows of data as seen on Table 1. Table 2 showing clean data processed by R to obtain the gaze plot and heat map parameters. Lastly, these two groups of data were combined to find the impact of the gaze ratio with certain news on the anxiety level of respondents.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**X** & **Y** & **Timestamp** & **Time** & **x** & **y** & **Trial** & **Timestamp** \\ \hline
661.6834 & 670.3595 & 14.29.41.11 & 0 & 661.6834 & 670.3595 & 1 & 14.29.41.11 \\
663.3296 & 668.5508 & 14.29.41.22 & 0.11 & 663.3296 & 668.5508 & 1 & 14.29.41.22 \\
667.1603 & 669.0439 & 14.29.41.31 & 0.2 & 667.1603 & 669.0439 & 1 & 14.29.41.31 \\ End fixation at & & & 197.89 & 729.2287 & 665.2911 & 1 & 14.29.41.198 \\ NaN & NaN & 142.941.53 & 212.89 & 727.9133 & 664.5798 & 1 & 14.29.41.213 \\ Fixation duration: 00:00:00.098000 & & 220.89 & 725.2825 & 663.1573 & 1 & 14.29.41.221 \\  & & & & & & & & \\ Begin fixation & & & & & & & & \\
729.2287 & 665.2911 & 14.29.41.198 & & & & & & \\ During fixation & & & & & & & & \\
727.9133 & 664.5798 & 14.29.41.213 & & & & & & \\ End fixation at & & & & & & & & \\
725.2825 & 663.1573 & 14.29.41.221 & & & & & & & \\ Fixation duration: 00:00:00.0030000 & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Example of cleaning XY coordinate data.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Trial** & **Start** & **End** & **x** & **y** & **sd.x** & **sd.y** & **Peak.vx** & **Peak.vy** & **Dur** \\ \hline
0 & 1 & 0 & 0.78 & 1182.12 & 265.4796 & 0.70389 & 0.852212 & 4.684117 & 0.548849 & 0.78 \\
1 & 1 & 197.8 & 542.8 & 801.2844 & 358.9001 & 17.79049 & 0.499977 & 0.1636899 & -1.85816 & 345 \\
2 & 1 & 618.8 & 743.8 & 913.9492 & 372.4809 & 2.092233 & 5.763099 & -16.411 & -1.95224 & 125 \\
3 & 1 & 819.8 & 1197.69 & 1026.099 & 380.0458 & 10.98204 & 5.664614 & -8.10734 & 1.271641 & 377.89 \\
4 & 1 & 1275.69 & 1385.69 & 1126.201 & 358.4563 & 2.855695 & 1.351004 & -11.2702 & -3.11404 & 110 \\
5 & 1 & 1908.36 & 2093.5 & 827.9149 & 435.8427 & 6.490436 & 3.494508 & 6.63097 & 3.495846 & 185.14 \\
6 & 1 & 2172.5 & 2293.5 & 855.0868 & 282.5949 & 1.164571 & 11.66059 & -0.77965 & 4.074244 & 121 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Example of results from processing clean data with R to obtain the gaze plot and heat map.  
On Table 3, before finding the gaze ratio, we calculated how many XY coordinate points were included in text or image categories. Each row of XY coordinates was checked with Excel with the IF function, with a result of \"1\", or true, if it was included in the text area or image area (AOI text and image included in computations in the form of a vertical coordinate range). Below is an example of the IF formula in Excel for AOI text.  
\[=COUNTIF(B:B,\">650\") \tag{1}\]  
In the formula (1), B is the column for coordinate Y, which is the horizontal coordinate, and 650 is the horizontal coordinate point where text started on the bottom of the screen. The gaze ratio of image or text is the percentage of text or image COUNTIF to the total of both COUNTIF, as seen at formula (2).  
\[\textit{GazeRatioTextPercentage}=\textit{TextCOUNTIF}/\textit{(TextCOUNTIF }+\textit{ImageCOUNTIF}) \tag{2}\]  
As for gaze duration, it was determined based on the gaze ratio percentage multiplied by the duration of reading time (in seconds). Reading time was counted manually from recorded videos of each of respondent when reading news.  
\[\textit{GazeDuration}=\textit{GazeRatioTextPercentage}\ast\textit{ReadingDuration} \tag{3}\]