# Role of Blockchain Technology in Combating COVID-19 Crisis
## 4 Results
### Blockchain and COVID-19 Crisis-Previous Research  
Since the very first beginning of 2020, in conjunction with the outbreak of the Coronavirus, the world has been trying many ways to obtain the best resolutions regarding the improvement and experimentation of vaccines to stop or limit the spread of disease. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Characteristics** & **Number of Studies** \\ \hline Submission month & April: 2 May: 3 July: 1 August: 1 September: 3 October: 1 \\ Country of publication & India: 2 UAE: 2 China: 1 Australia: 1 Egypt: 1 KSA: 1 Colombia: 1 UK: 1 Italy: 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Characteristics of the included studies. This is in addition to the immediate diagnosis of COVID-19 cases as the Coronavirus is exceptionally infectious. The blockchain's possible implementations in healthcare sectors diversify to provide different needs (e.g., access, security, and data sharing). Other forms of blockchain technologies are also built for performing some forms of clinical observations. In the case of the current pandemic control, blockchain and its applications are emerging as a promising and effective way of providing a genuine, trustworthy, and reasonable-cost resolution to aid epidemic management, which could efficiently take place in offering a more progressive action against this ongoing pandemic. Blockchain is yielding good prospects to be an invaluable technology for stopping the spread of the Coronavirus. Its implementation would facilitate rapid observation explosions, guarantee a direct supply chain of essential goods and contributions, and safe, protected payments. [PERSON] et al. [37] investigated how diverse modern technologies could help control the expansion of the COVID-19 illness. Specifically, the researchers in this paper note how blockchain technology; artificial intelligence (AI), besides big data technology; and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology can contribute to designing simulation patterns that predict the disease scope's expanse; these methods can support establishing a monitoring instrument that can help diagnose and observe the virus's range. Concerning real-life or daily use-cases, the authors said that the blockchain's adoption improves the tracking process of shipments of medicines to China's cases' houses. The core of this study is to state the possible use of cutting-edge methods to minimize the disease's infection. However, this research did not present aspects of specific technical applications or implementations. In contrast, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [38] suggest a proposal to employ blockchain to automatically identify COVID-19 infected patients and determine the outbreak risk of the COVID-19 among the public. The writers employed the decentralization characteristic of blockchain to collect the information of the approved COVID-19-patients. The identification of positive-tested records relies on using extra methods, e.g., a disease verifier subsystem. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [39] recommend an advance to help forecast the extent of the COVID-19 infection and other related pandemics. They advised utilizing AI accompanying blockchain to treat a considerable size of medicinal data with a complicated design. The research illustrated a blockchain-based methodology to support the healthcare supply chain and some donation follow-up. Nevertheless, it does not give professional details about the application of this method. [PERSON] et al. proposed a blockchain-based structure to enhance the robustness of the healthcare management systems as well as to avoid noted security shortcomings in presently applied architectures towards smart healthcare systems [40]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [41] explained the use of blockchain in generating online immunity documents. The writers suggested using the immutability attribute of such technology to circumvent the extent of misinformation. The proposed clarification also tries to discuss the problem of secrecy and anonymity of the test-doors.