## 6 Case Studies
### UAM Model and Flight Missions  
The UAM considered in this paper is a KP-1 PAV aircraft, which was designed at KADA, Konkuk University [29]. The parameters for the aircraft are listed in Table 5. The mission profile of an aircraft can be defined based on each flight segment and the flight conditions, as shown in the standard mission profile [30]. The mission data were obtained from the inputs and include UAM corridor data and vehicle data (including the available velocity range, vertiport data and UAM operation scenarios) and assigned an arbitrary situation to possible missions in consideration of the current position of the vehicle. The mission for the aircraft is defined based on the flight segments from takeoff to landing; in this study, hovering and transition flight segments are not considered. Each flight segment was defined based on the related airspeed and flight altitude. The mission profile for KP-1 is shown in Figure 6b. Each flight segment consists of an initial altitude, initial velocity, final altitude and final velocity. The speeds used to climb, descend and take off are fixed for all mission profiles, whereas the cruise speed varies from its minimum value to its maximum in intervals of 5 m/s. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Depature** & **Arrival** & **Distance (m)** \\ \hline Gimpo & Yongsan & 15,405.1945 \\ Gimpo & Bus Express Terminal & 16,854.3812 \\ Gimpo & Jamsil & 23,097.4728 \\ Gimpo & Incheon & 42,297.4791 \\ Yongsan & Gimpo & 15,405.3166 \\ Yongsan & Bus Express Terminal & 3141.2371 \\ Yongsan & Jamsil & 9280.9207 \\ Yongsan & Incheon & 34,703.0307 \\ Bus Express Terminal & Gimpo & 16,854.4422 \\ Bus Express Terminal & Jamsil & 7483.5077 \\ Bus Express Terminal & Yongsan & 3141.2984 \\ Bus Express Terminal & Incheon & 36,347.4148 \\ Jamsil & Gimpo & 22,447.0629 \\ Jamsil & Yongsan & 8630.5112 \\ Jamsil & Bus Express Terminal & 6833.0981 \\ Jamsil & Incheon & 35,032.6843 \\ Incheon & Gimpo & 49,267.0353 \\ Incheon & Bus Express Terminal & 35,581.0653 \\ Incheon & Jamisl & 35,032.6843 \\ Incheon & Yongsan & 35,350.0857 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Matrix of distances between vertiports. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**UAM Model**} \\ \hline
**Name** & **KP-1 UAM (In-House Model)** \\ \hline MTOW & 1566 kg \\ Length & 7 m \\ Wingspan & 8.6 m \\ Max range & 1025 km \\ Stall speed & 96 km/h \\ Maximum speed & 240 km/h \\ Cruise speed & 200 km/h \\ Power system & Hydrogen fuel cell (110 kW max cont. power) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Parameters for the KP-1 PAV model aircraft [28; 29]. One route has seven cruise speeds and a mission flight time. The cruise speed is chosen from the range [210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235, 240] m/s. In this paper, the fuel consumption and charge consumption are not considered for the UAM flight when creating different mission profiles and flight segments. The parameters for the optimised formulation are set, together with the mission library, which includes different mission profiles, flight times and flight distances. Each flight route is set with a different cruise speed from the range [210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235, 240] m/s, and there are seven flight missions for each corridor. Each mission name from one vertiport to another is stored with respect to the mission speed and the departure and arrival locations. The development of the mission name (key) involves selecting the mission with input variables of departure, arrival and vehicle speed in the optimisation module. Based on the mission name, the total flight time can be calculated for the given mission based on the speed profile, mission segment and distance travelled. The development of mission selection is shown in Figure 7, and the scheme used to define the mission keys is shown in Table 6, and the mission speed profiles are shown in Figure 8. Table 6 shows the mission names for the Gimpo-to-Jamsil corridor, which are created based on the speed, departure location and arrival location.