## 5 Conclusions  
This study utilizes the Jinan Fenghuangshan Road Bridge as the research object. It uses close-range photogrammetry and GB-RAR technology to remotely monitor the dynamic deformation law of the bridge under a dynamic load. The deformation characteristics of the bridge are analyzed from multiple dimensions, and the main conclusions are as follows:  
1. Remote monitoring using close-range photogrammetry measuring equipment based on the isometric virtual plane method was adopted for monitoring at 250 m, 225 m, 200 m, 175 m, and 150 m. The measuring errors are 0.56 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.38 mm, and 0.33 mm, which can meet the accuracy requirements of deformation monitoring.
2. Herein, the maximum deformation of the Fenghuangshan Road Bridge is measured at a 1/4 bridge span, the maximum deformation along the gravity direction is -43.8 mm, and the maximum deformation in the anti-gravity direction is 38.0 mm. Under the resonance of the bridge and the dynamic load of vehicles, the deformation law pertaining to the local position of the bridge is positive or exhibits an inverted \"V\" shape, and the deformation law of the bridge is a horizontal straight line and sine and cosine curves.
3. Based on the interferometric technique and digital photography technique, it is observed that the dynamic load of the vehicles is transmitted in the form of a stress wave inside the Fenghuangshan Road Bridge, and that the wavelength is approximately 44 m, the amplitude is approximately 44.93 mm, the vibration period is approximately 0.088 s, and the vibration is more significant in the 1/4-1/2 bridge-span range.  
Although close-range photogrammetry has achieved good results in bridge monitoring in this paper, it also exposes the limitations of this technology. For example, when the technology is used for remote monitoring, the monitoring range is too small to measure the whole dynamic deformation of the monitored body at the same time. When multiple photographic equipment is used to monitor at the same time, cooperation between the monitoring equipment cannot be fully realized. Therefore, in the future, it will be necessary to develop large-scene photography equipment to overcome the limitations of the current technology.  
Writing--review and editing, Y.Z. and G.Z. ([PERSON]); formal analysis, G.Z. ([PERSON]) and G.Z. ([PERSON]); writing--original draft, W.S. and S.Z.; investigation, W.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of JiNan Digital Twins and Intelligent Water Conservancy (grant no. 37H2022 KY040117), Shandong Jianzhu University Research Found Project for PhD (grant no. XNBS1635), Shandong Province Department of Housing and Urban Rural Development Science and Technology Project (grant no. 2017K2001), the Horizontal Subject of 2021 (grant no. H21009Z), and the National Natural Science Foundation Item (grant nos. 52204097 and 42374049).  
You can get the test data from the corresponding author.  
The authors gratefully acknowledge the experimental site support from Jinan project department of Shandong Hi-Speed Group Co., Ltd. and the staff who work in the lab. They helped us transport experimental materials and set up experimental equipment. We also thank [PERSON]'s team, Shandong Jianzhu University for their guidance in revising the paper.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.