# Challenges Associated with Implementing 5G in Manufacturing
## 8 Standards and Industry Associations  
The 5G wireless standard aims to be global which is difficult due to different implementation approaches in multiple countries, e.g., Russia, China and South Korea or an amalgamated body of countries (e.g., the European Union (EU)) outlining their own definition of 5G networks, speeds and regulations outlining where 5G transmissions may occur. In broad terms, standards benefit innovation, the environment, safety and the economy. Many standards bodies are contributing to the development of 5G for manufacturing, e.g., The 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation (5G-ACIA) is a global forum for collaboration. A summary list is given below.  
* Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), [[https://www.iiconsortium.org/index.htm](https://www.iiconsortium.org/index.htm)]([https://www.iiconsortium.org/index.htm](https://www.iiconsortium.org/index.htm)).
* The 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP), [https://www.3 gpp.org/](https://www.3 gpp.org/).
* The 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation (5G-ACIA), [https://www.5 gacia.org/about-5g-acia/](https://www.5 gacia.org/about-5g-acia/).
* EU 5 GPPP, [[https://5g-ppp.eu/](https://5g-ppp.eu/)]([https://5g-ppp.eu/](https://5g-ppp.eu/)).  
Industry, whilst working in conjunction with standards, has many open questions still to investigate, such as:  
* Co-existence of different wireless protocols and systems;
* Co-existence of different wired protocols;
* Interoperability between wired and wireless communication systems;
* Seamless engineering taking into account collected real-life data;
* Missing capabilities for plug-and-produce integration of sensors, machinery and people;
* Missing capabilities for cost-effective network and service management by factory operator;
* Managing workflows and data interaction patterns between an increasing number of sensors, machines, robots, wearables, etc.;
* Allocating the proper computing resources in the cloud, on the edge or at sensor levels to ensure compliance with application-level service agreements;
* Leveraging machine-learning and data analytics capabilities distributed in the network, to a multitude of vendor-specific platforms, contributing to a unified, intelligent data intelligence platform;
* Managing and optimizing the wireless network topology and performance, according to real-time changing networking conditions.  
_Future Improvements of 5G towards 6G_  
While 5G will be improved upon, 6G is expected to be launched commercially in 2030. It is a technology that is being developed in response to the increasing availability of distributed radio access network (RAN) and the desire to take advantage of the terahertz spectrum (THz) to further increase capacity and reduce latency. It is expected that many of the perceived problems associated with deploying millimeter-wave radio for 5G radio will be resolved in time for network designers to address the challenge of implementing a 6G offering. 6G connectivity is expected to support speeds of 1 terabyte per second (Tbps). This level of capacity and latency will be unprecedented and will extend the performance of 5G applications along with expanding the scope of capabilities in support of increasingly new and innovative tools in the areas of wireless cognition, detection and imaging. In addition, 6G wireless sensing solutions are expected to selectively use different frequencies to measure absorption and adjust frequencies accordingly in order to maximize signal penetration and transmission distances.