# A Full Technological Traceability System for Extra Virgin Olive Oil
## 4 Conclusions  
The present work examines the potential implementation impact of the application of a TTS, in comparison to conventional management, on an EVOO production system relying on a semi-mechanized harvesting system. The application of TTS showed good possibilities for implementation in terms of estimated surplus cost the consumer would be willing to pay for its implementation. The traceability system implementation provides information at different levels that are potentially helpful for the farmer, manufacturer and consumer. The economic analysis shows higher cost for the present farming system; however, its adoption is potentially viable and will score further benefits considering a farming system opting for a higher level of mechanization for olive harvesting, such as the use of a trunk-shaker equipped with a collecting umbrella. This mechanization level is typical of a farm of a larger scale. Indeed, the use of this machine, with a driver and an operator on the ground, can raise the productivity and reduce the harvesting costs by up to 50% in comparison with those examined in the present paper [19]. Additionally, the application costs of the TTS would decrease due to the lower times needed to load the tagged crates. By using this higher level of mechanization, the average incidence of the TTS application costs on the EVOO final price would be below 4%, making the application of this technological innovation even more sustainable. Thus, larger farm sizes with higher mechanization levels receive higher benefits from TTS implementation, which would have a lower economic impact. Another important and interesting aspect, which could be implemented in the future, is related to the possibility to remotely detect the minimum and maximum yields of a production area by using remote sensors and drones or other aerial vehicles to acquire images to process. The introduction of these monitoring systems could perfectly be integrated in a traceability system for fighting counterfeits related to the oil sector. This could be done by counting plants and estimating the production on the base of several parameters extracted by 3D or 2D reconstructions. The information would be stored along the chain given the presented technology suitable for the scope.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, F.P. and C.C.; Data curation, C.C., S.V. ([PERSON]) and G.S.; Formal analysis, S.V. ([PERSON]), G.S. and C.C.; Funding acquisition, F.P. and C.C.; Investigation, S.V. ([PERSON]), F.P., L.O. and C.C.; Methodology, S.F., S.V. ([PERSON]), F.T., L.O., G.S., G.I. and C.C.; Project administration, C.C.; Software, S.F., S.V. ([PERSON]) and F.T.; Supervision, F.P. and C.C.; Validation, S.V., C.C. and G.S.; Visualization, S.V. ([PERSON]), G.S., F.P. and C.C.; Writing--original draft, S.V. ([PERSON]), G.S., F.P. and C.C.; Writing--review and editing, F.P. and S.V. ([PERSON]). All authors have read and agree to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This study was funded and developed by the project INFOLIVA (D.M. n.12479) funded by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (MiPAAF).  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to acknowledge the farm \"[PERSON]\" in Montorio Romano for his precious support.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.