## 1 Introduction
The index provides an overall picture of the state and performance of individual Member States. As Table 1 shows, there are a number of indices focusing on different areas of digitization. A less common area tends to be e-Government [20]. The level of the DESI across the EU is shown in Figure 1.  
Table 3 shows the overall digitization scores for Germany, Romania, Lithuania, and Spain from 2018 to 2022 compared to the European average. The overall degree of digitization in the EU is high, but some countries are lagging behind, such as Romania. The pandemic caused a reduction in the adoption of digitization across Europe [20]. The appropriate DESI score dropped in 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the selected countries, Spain only managed to drop by 0.1. In 2022, all countries except Romania were above the EU average [20]. The Recovery and Resilience Facility is the key instrument at the heart of Next Generation EU, which will support economies in all Member States. Each country focuses on a different area of digitization that is needed in the country. The document focuses on areas such as digital services, data transformation, public procurement, and cyber and information security [20; 21]. Germany's recovery and resilience plan supports the digital transition with several investments and reforms. Digital challenges for Germany include lagging investments in digital infrastructure. Germany is investing EUR 3 billion to make public services digitally accessible at federal and regional levels [22]. Lithuania's recovery and resilience plan supports the digital transition with reforms and investments in connectivity of EUR 73 million. The plan also includes substantial reforms and investments to digitalize the public sector (EUR 117 million), to promote digital skills for children, employees, civil servants, senior citizens, etc. [23]. Figure 1: The level of the DESI across the EU. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**DESI Level** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Germany**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Lithuania**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Spain**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Romania**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Europe Union**} \\ \cline{2-10} _over Time_ & **Rank** & **Score** & **Rank** & **Score** & **Rank** & **Score** & **Rank** & **Score** \\ \hline DESI 2022 & 13 & 52.9 & 14 & 52.7 & 7 & 60.8 & 27 & 30.9 & 52.3 \\ \hline DESI 2021 & 11 & 54.1 & 14 & 51.8 & 9 & 57.4 & 27 & 32.9 & 50.7 \\ \hline DESI 2020 & 12 & 56.1 & 14 & 53.9 & 11 & 57.5 & 26 & 40.9 & 52.6 \\ \hline DESI 2019 & 13 & 51.2 & 12 & 51.8 & 10 & 53.6 & 26 & 36.5 & 49.4 \\ \hline DESI 2018 & 14 & 47.9 & 12 & 49.4 & 10 & 50.2 & 26 & 35.1 & 46.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Overall level of the DESI. Spain's recovery and resilience plan supports the digital transition with investments in the digitalization of the public administration, in digital skills and digital inclusion, in cyber security, and in connectivity. It will invest EUR 3.6 billion in digital skills training. The plan includes investment of EUR 3.2 billion in the digital transformation of the public administration [24]. Romania's recovery and resilience plan has the objective of addressing most of the country's digital technology. Public administration digitalization investments amount to EUR 1.5 billion. In addition, digitalization of health includes investments of EUR 470 million for developing an integrated e-Health system. In addition, investments for digitalization of education (EUR 881 million) aim at improving digital pedagogical skills, educational content, and educational equipment [25]. In addition to the partial results of Germany, Romania, Spain, and Latvia in the DESI, it is necessary to look at the overall picture of all EU countries. A slight increase in DESI is occurring across the EU, so it is important to see the overall picture of EU digitization. A number of countries, such as Estonia, Denmark, and Finland, are leaders in digitalization.