# GIS-Based Evaluation Method for Accessibility of Social Infrastructure Facilities
## 5 Discussions  
From the results, we can evaluate the overall accessibility of social infrastructure for residents. From the AIs, we found that neighborhood libraries are needed in Unyeon-dong, Jangsu-dong, and Namchon-dong. For example, the residents in Unyeon-dong spend 24.7 min on average to use neighborhood libraries. As previously mentioned, the South Korean government recommends 10 to 15 min to reach a neighborhood library from home. In particular, Unyeon-dong demonstrated poor accessibility in most facility types, such as parks, sports facilities, and childcare centers. Jangsu-dong also has poor accessibility to kindergartens and elementary schools. It was found that more kindergartens should be built in Mansu-dong to improve accessibility. Most of the dongs in Namdong-gu had satisfactory AIs for city-level facilities. They have reasonable accessibility to city libraries, city parks, and sports facilities. However, the AIs show that Gangeok1-dong, Gangeok2-dong, Gangeok4-dong, and Jangsu-dong have poor accessibility to city parks. Therefore, the Namdong-gu authorities should consider city parks first among city libraries, city parks, and sports facilities for social infrastructure planning. As shown in the social infrastructure blind maps in Figure 5, it was found that residents in the left bottom area of Namdong-gu have poor access to libraries, sports facilities, childcare centers, kindergartens, and elementary schools. This is because there are industrial complexes in the area. In this case, it is necessary to interpret the map carefully. For city-level facilities, the left bottom area of the map shows poor access to city libraries (Figure 6a), whereas the top area of the map shows poor accessibility to city \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Facility Type** & **National Recommendation (min)** & **Population** & **Percent** \\ \hline City Library & TT * \(\leq\) 10 & 504,082 & 95\% \\  & TT * 10 & 26,531 & 5\% \\ \hline City Park & TT * \(\leq\) 10 & 408,572 & 77\% \\  & TT * 10 & 122,041 & 23\% \\ \hline  & TT \(\leq\) 15 & 530,613 & 100\% \\ Sports Facility & 15 * TT \(\leq\) 30 & 0 & 0\% \\  & TT * 30 & 0 & 0\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* TT: travel time.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Population by legend—vehicle time. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Facility Type** & **National Recommendation (min)** & **Population** & **Percent** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Library} & TT * \(\leq\) 10 & 435,103 & 82\% \\  & 10 * TT \(\leq\) 15 & 68,980 & 13\% \\  & TT * 15 & 26,531 & 5\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Park} & TT \(\leq\) 10 & 509,389 & 96\% \\  & 10 * TT \(\leq\) 15 & 19,102 & 3.6\% \\  & TT * 15 & 2122 & 0.4\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Sports Facility} & TT \(\leq\) 10 & 509,389 & 96\% \\  & TT * 10 & 21,225 & 4\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Childcare Center} & TT \(\leq\) 5 & 419,184 & 79\% \\  & TT * 5 & 111,429 & 21\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Kindergarten} & TT \(\leq\) 5 & 233,470 & 44\% \\  & 5 * TT \(\leq\) 10 & 244,082 & 46\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & TT * 10 & 53,061 & 10\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Elementary School} & TT \(\leq\) 10 & 451,021 & 85\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & 10 * TT \(\leq\) 15 & 68,980 & 13\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & TT * 15 & 10,612 & 2\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* TT: travel time.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Population by legend—walking time. parks (Figure 6b). Therefore, urban planners should consider geographical and social situations. For example, the type of facilities that residents mainly use may vary depending on the age distribution of the residents. Parks and libraries are facilities for all ages, while kindergartens, elementary schools, and childcare centers are facilities for specific ages. The comprehensive accessibility evaluation method proposed in this study provides the following advantages:  
1. The travel time used in this study was obtained by navigation API that provided more accurate travel time and distance than those by any other tools. Therefore, the results in this study are closer to the actual value.