## 6 Conclusions  
This paper presented a real-time remote-control platform for small wind turbines (SWTs) equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The proposed system integrates customizable hardware components and open-source software technology, enabling efficient remote monitoring and control through an Arduino(r) microcontroller, a WebSocket server hosted on a Raspberry Pi(r), and a graphical interface developed with MATLAB(r) App Designer. Experimental results demonstrated that the system can precisely control the turbine's operating points, with deviations of less than 5% from theoretical values. This performance highlights the effectiveness of the approach in optimizing SWT operations, improving the integration of distributed small-scale renewable energy systems, and offering a flexible, scalable solution for renewable energy applications. The proposed architecture follows the IEC 61400-25 standard for wind power system communication, providing an accessible and low-latency communication framework using the WebSocket protocol for real-time bidirectional interaction between system components. The platform's responsiveness to power reference changes was validated through a controlled step test, during which a full communication and actuation cycle--from the supervisory app to the converter--was completed with a latency of approximately 180 ms.  
Figure 13: Transient response to the commanded change in power reference: (**a**) wind speed and power output; (**b**) voltage and current. This delay is well within acceptable limits defined by IEC 61400-25-5 for control tasks in distributed wind systems. The ability to perform such transitions in real time confirms the system's suitability for supervisory-level power control in addition to passive monitoring. Laboratory test results confirmed the system's ability to make fast and accurate operational adjustments, emphasizing its applicability in the remote monitoring and control of small wind turbines in real-world scenarios. As future work, the proposed communication platform could be extended to support Condition Monitoring Systems (CMSs) by integrating dedicated sensor nodes for vibration, temperature, or acoustic analysis. This would allow the same low-latency WebSocket-based infrastructure to transmit diagnostic data in real time, enabling fault detection capabilities to be embedded alongside supervisory control. Additionally, future validation campaigns will involve field testing on a real outdoor SWT to assess the platform's behavior under non-stationary wind conditions and confirm its robustness beyond laboratory scenarios. It is worth noting that the current experimental setup, based on indoor fan-driven airflow, cannot fully replicate the dynamics and turbulence of natural wind, which limits the representativeness of the measured power output. These efforts will be accompanied by the implementation of basic cybersecurity mechanisms--such as encrypted communication, authentication layers, and secure middleware interfaces--to ensure the platform's safe operation in real-world deployments. Conceptualization, [PERSON]-C. and [PERSON]-R.; methodology, R.S.-H.; software, J.C.-C. and N.M.; validation, [PERSON]-R. and [PERSON]-H.; formal analysis, J.C.-C., [PERSON]-R. and [PERSON]-H.; investigation, J.C.-C., [PERSON]-R., [PERSON]-H. and N.M.; resources, J.C.-C.; data curation, G.G.-R.; writing--original draft preparation, J.C.-C.; writing--review and editing, G.G.-R.; visualization, N.M.; supervision, [PERSON]-H.; project administration, R.S.-H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This paper is part of the project \"Integral control system to optimize the microgrids energy demand\", grant number PID2020-117828 RB-I00, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities. In addition, the author [PERSON] is enjoying an FPU grant, number FPU21/00468, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities for the training of university teaching staff during his PhD period.