## 4 Conclusions  
The development of eco-friendly green techniques for creating nanoparticles is a crucial step in the progress of nanotechnology as a dependable, environmentally sustainable method for producing a large variety of biocompatible materials and nanomaterials, including metal/metal oxide nanomaterials and nanocomposites. Therefore, green synthesis is viewed as a crucial technique to minimize the adverse effects related to the conventional methods of synthesis for nanoparticles that are frequently used in laboratories and industry. The green synthesis method offers a fast, safe, and affordable alternative when compared to other available physical and chemical approaches. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a global problem, but silver nanoparticles may provide a way to combat this problem. Making silver  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bacteria** & **Ag NPs** &
\begin{tabular}{c} _Flaxseed_ \\ **Extract** \\ \end{tabular} & **Ag NO3** & **D.W** \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & 11.0 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 7.4 \(\pm\) 2.0 & 10.5 \(\pm\) 4.0 & 6.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ _Klebsiella pneumoniae_ & 10.8 \(\pm\) 1.02 & 7.3 \(\pm\) 2.5 & 10.2 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 6.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ _Staphylococcus aureus_ & 8.9 \(\pm\) 1.08 & 6.8 \(\pm\) 2.0 & 8.3 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 6.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ _Streptococcus pyogenes_ & 8.7 \(\pm\) 1.04 & 6.6 \(\pm\) 7.0 & 8.2 \(\pm\) 2.4 & 6.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Antimicrobial activity of flaxseed extract and green synthesized AgNPs.  
nanoparticles through synthesis provides access to a vast new realm of possibilities. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using reducing and capping agents derived from biological sources such as plants, plant extracts, and microbes has gained a great deal of attention during the past ten years. Since no harmful or poisonous chemicals are used in natural green synthesis, it is also very cost-effective. When trying to create better treatments for bacterial infections, knowing how an antibacterial system works is a crucial first step. In general, nanoparticles have proven to be an effective replacement for antibiotic therapy and combinational therapy due to their astounding potential to address the issue of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms [59, 60]. In conclusion, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a product with potential uses in medicine and hygiene, and their eco-friendly synthesis can open the way for these applications. According to the findings of our research, _flaxseed_ extract was a powerful reducing and capping agent for the production of AgNPs. Analytical methods such as FTIR, SEM, XRD, Zeta potential, and DLS were used to characterize the produced AgNPs. The spherical and triangular shapes of AgNPs, which have a size of roughly 46.9812.45 nm, were discovered using SEM research. According to the antibacterial tests, flaxseed extract shows promising antioxidant activity as well as antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.  
Conceptualization and methodology, A.K.A. and W.J.A.-K.; formal analysis, A.A.A., H.A.-K. and M.A.; investigation and data curation, S.A. and G.M.S.; validation, Y.K.; visualization, original draft preparation, S.A., Y.K. and W.J.A.-K.; writing--review and editing, S.A., G.M.S., A.K.A. and A.A.A.; supervision, A.A.A., S.A. and G.M.S.; project administration, A.K.A. and W.J.A.-K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The authors extend their appreciation to the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; College of Agriculture, University of Misan, Mayasn, Iraq; Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq; and Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq for their technical support. The authors declare no conflict of interest.