# Biodeterioration of Salon de Reinos, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Ecology of Bacterial Isolates  
The abundance of strains of the genus _Bacillus_ and bacteria phylogenetically related to that genus (Cytobacillus, _Peribacillus_, _Pristia_), which produce spores, as well as the species _Streptomyces_ tinghiensis_, was remarkable. Most of these species were not previously found on wall paintings (e.g., _Pristia argabhattai_, _Bacillus tequilensis_, _Bacillus paralicheniformis_, _Pristia endophyticus_) but on plants and soils [27; 28; 29; 30; 31]. The habitat of _Streptomyces_ tinghiensis is also the soil rhizosphere [32]. The possibility of the transport of spores by the air should \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Samples** & **Accession Number** & **Strains** & **Identification and Accession Number (\% Identity)** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{M1} & M282782 & MP1B-4 & _Penicillium chrysogenum_ MF422150 (100\%) \\  & M2827829 & MP1B-5 & _Penicillium chrysogenum_ MF422150 (99.7\%) \\  & M2827830 & MP1H-1 & _Alternaria angustitisoudica_ MG0070 (100\%) \\  & M2827831 & MP1H-2 & _Cladosporium xylophilum_ MF468375 (100\%) \\  & M2827832 & MP1H-3 & _Penicillium fuscolaucum_ NR163669 (100\%) \\  & M2827833 & MP1H-4 & _Mucor racemosus_ NR126135 (99.0\%) \\  & M2827834 & MP1H-5 & _Cladosporium macrocarpum_ NR119657 (100\%) \\  & M2827835 & MP1H-6 & _Penicillium chrysogenum_ MF422150 (100\%) \\ \hline M2 & M2827836 & MP2H-1 & _Stagonosporopsis lupini_ NR160205 (98.3\%) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{M3} & M2827837 & MP3B-5 & _Penicillium chrysogenum_ MF422150 (99.7\%) \\  & M2827838 & MP3H-1 & _Mucor racemosus_ NR126135 (99.0\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & M2827839 & MP3H-2 & _Penicillium chrysogenum_ MF422150 (100\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & M2827840 & MP3H-3 & _Penicillium chrysogenum_ MF422150 (100\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & M2827841 & MP3H-5 & _Botryotrichum domesticum_ NR169944(98.6\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Identification of fungi isolated from _Salón de Reinos_. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Medium** & **Composition \({}^{*}\)** & **Analysis** & **Reference** \\ \hline GH & TSA/MEA + 1\% gelatin & Proteolytic activity & [24] \\ LH & 1\% Tween 80 & Lipolytic activity & [25] \\ CH & Nutrient Casein Agar & Proteolytic activity & [26] \\ CaS & TSA/MEA + 1\% CaCO\({}_{3}\) & Calcite solubilization & [24] \\ CyS & TSA/MEA + 1\% CaCO\({}_{4}\) & Gypsum solubilization & [24] \\ AAP & Czapek-Dox broth & Acid/Alkali production & [26] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\)TSA/MEA: TSA or MEA was used for testing bacterial or fungal strains, respectively.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Culture media and metabolic activities analyzed. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Samples** & **Accession Number** & **Strains** & **Identification and Accession Number (\% Identity)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{M1} & M2827450 & MP1B-1 & _Pristia argabhattai_ EF114313 (99.7\%) \\  & M2827451 & MP1B-2 & _Bacillus tequilensis_ ATO01000043 (99.9\%) \\  & M2827452 & MP1B-3 & _Bacillus paralicheniformis_ KY694465 (99.7\%) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{M2} & M2827453 & MP2B-2 & _Bacillus frigoritorulans_ AM748713 (99.7\%) \\  & M2827454 & MP2B-3 & _Bacillus paralicheniformis_ KY694465 (99.7\%) \\  & M2827455 & MP2B-4 & _Bacillus cereus_ AE016877 (99.6\%) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{M3} & M2827456 & MP3B-1 & _Cytobacillus ocanisedtimitis_ GQ292772 (99.4\%) \\  & M2827457 & MP3B-2 & _Streptomyces tinghiensis_ FM202482 (99.6\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & M2827458 & MP3B-3 & _Pristia endophyticus_ AF295302 (99.4\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & M2827459 & MP3B-6 & _Bacillus trifluoritorulans_ AM748713 (99.7\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Identification of bacteria isolated from _Salón de Reinos_. not be excluded, given the proximity of _Salon de Reinos_ to the Retiro Park and Botanical Garden. Other bacilli (_Bacillus cereus_, _Bacillus frigoritolerans_) were commonly found in wall paintings [7; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38]. _Cytobacillus oceanisediminis_ was previously found in caves and mines [39; 40].