# Adaptive Kinetic Scrolling: Kinetic Scrolling for Large Datasets on Mobile Devices
## 1 Introduction  
The storing and handling of large amounts of data on mobile devices is rather common at present [1]. People use their mobile devices every day, interacting with contact applications that store thousands of phone numbers or music applications that manage numerous songs. Scrolling is a typical widget that permits users to interact with a large amount of data, even on the limited viewport of a mobile device. Scrolling is a traditional Graphical User Interface (GUI) function familiar to users and is commonly used in desktop environments (e.g., web browsers and document viewers) [2]. However, scrolling is sometimes inconvenient to users. When there is excessive data to navigate, users are compelled to undergo an iterative, time-consuming scrolling process to access the necessary information. Moreover, when the viewport is small, such as on a mobile device, users generally experience inconvenience. For this reason, navigation and browsing have been considered important challenges in human-computer interaction design for mobile devices [3]. With the increasing popularity of mobile applications, scrolling in mobile devices has become considerably typical. At the same time, overcoming the inconvenience of scrolling through a large dataset has also become a considerably important challenge. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to solve this problem in a desktop environment. Several studies [4; 5] have suggested substantially effective scrolling techniques or widgets, whereas others [6; 7; 8] have conducted research on input facilities (i.e., track wheels, joysticks, etc.) to improve scrolling. However, these solutions are not appropriate for scrolling on mobile devices. Because of limitations in size and weight, which are intended for portability, input facilities on a mobile device are limited [3; 9]. Practically, all mobile devices, particularly smartphones, are designed as touch-based systems, which differ in the manner in which they interact with users compared with desktop environments [10]. Some studies have attempted to solve this problem through additional GUI widgets such as a search function [11]. However, in certain cases, implementing an additional GUI on a mobile device for scrolling is inadequate because the screen is comparatively small [3; 10; 12]. We attempted to solve this problem by developing an enhanced kinetic scrolling technique based on users' behaviors and scrolling environments. Kinetic scrolling is a popular technique whereby a scroll widget can automatically continue scrolling for a short time after the finger is lifted from the screen. This technique helps users navigate information more comfortably. At present, Google's Android and Apple's iOS provide developers with a scrolling GUI widget that supports kinetic scrolling in the native development environment. More recently, numerous applications on mobile devices are using kinetic scrolling to automatically support viewport sliding. Moreover, an effective scrolling technique in the mobile device is an interesting topic for many specialized environments. For example, in the automotive industry, interacting with the large amounts of data on a mobile device while driving is an important challenge, wherein scrolling is considered as one of the typical interactions [13; 14]. In this study, we present adaptive kinetic scrolling (AKS), a scrolling technique that permits rapid access to target information in an ordered large dataset based on the user's scrolling actions and the amount of data to be scrolled. We alleviate the user's trouble by amplifying the automatic scrolling feature of kinetic scrolling. We boosted the speed of automatic scrolling when users scroll to access target information that is located far away. Based on a user's scrolling actions, AKS determines their intent. Moreover, it amplifies the speed of kinetic scrolling on each occasion according to the dataset and current scroll position. The more data the scrolling widget contains, the more rapidly it scrolls so that the user can quickly reach the target.