## 3 Results, Discussion and Outlook
### Categories of Research Studies  
1. Maritime law and review studies--This category of studies has received much attention in research. Since the MASS is a new technology, legal scholars and lawyers are concerned with new concepts and the possibilities of legal regulation of new terms. The review studies were described in the introductory section of this article to establish the novelty of the present study, and therefore, the discussion of this category of studies will not be repeated here. We have linked the aforementioned scholarly work to develop the possibilities of the topic in the context of maritime education related to autonomous ships (18 papers were included in this section).
2. Development and adaption of existing curricula--These studies discuss the need to update international conventions, such as the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), to reflect autonomous ships. It also mentions discussions on adapting the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) for autonomous ships and the challenges involved. It highlights the importance of studying human-machine interactions between autonomous and conventional ships and the need for revised training and education programs (20 papers).
3. Methods of training and techniques--These studies address a number of issues, including the need for effective training methods for crew members and operators of autonomous ships, the importance of generic skills such as rapid learning and teamwork, concerns about potential employment disruption and the impact of tech  
Figure 8: Term analysis map using full counting method, including 29 out of 254 keywords (VOS viewer).  
nological advances on seafaring. The studies emphasize the need to adapt maritime training to the changing nature of work on board and to incorporate new knowledge and skills related to automated control systems. They discuss the potential benefits of autonomous technology, such as improved navigation accuracy and a shift to highly skilled service personnel. However, the studies warn against rushing the development of autonomous shipping and emphasize the importance of gradual and well-planned development to ensure safety and cooperation between seafarers and automation experts. In addition, the studies look at the use of simulators and modern technologies, such as augmented and virtual reality, to improve training and close the gap between theoretical and practical components in maritime training (27 papers).
* Surveys and studies of collaboration between industry stakeholders, educational institutions and training providers--The studies discussed in this section examine the transformative impact of autonomous technologies on the maritime industry. The researchers examine the challenges arising from the integration of autonomous systems and emphasize the need for educational institutions to proactively close the skills gap through the development of infrastructures and innovative training programs. The perceptions of seafarers are analyzed and show that there are differing opinions in regard to autonomous technologies, including concerns about employment stability and trust in the systems. The studies also highlight the competency issues that are important for future navigators in autonomous shipping, as well as the importance of adapting leadership practices and competency requirements to the evolving technological landscape (16 papers).  
As can be seen in Figure 9, the analysis shows that the focus in maritime education in relation to autonomous ships is primarily on maritime law and revision studies, highlighting the need to adapt existing curricula and training methods to effectively address the evolving challenges and opportunities of autonomous shipping.