## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] explored the extension of response spectrum analysis concepts to nonlinear static analysis, evaluating their applicability in cases of irregular RC buildings. Their findings suggested that code-proposed loading profiles based on modal distributions can be efficient alternatives to traditional triangular patterns, particularly for buildings with geometric irregularities. Meanwhile, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32] addressed the influence of higher vibration modes and nonlinear non-structural components on floor acceleration demands in RC shear wall buildings, demonstrating the importance of the accurate representation of dynamic responses for performance-based assessments. Topographic effects have been widely recognized as a significant modifier of seismic ground motion, capable of amplifying demands on hillside structures. Several studies have demonstrated that amplification depends strongly on slope geometry, wave incidence, and subsurface heterogeneity. [PERSON] et al. [33] proposed a method to decouple the contributions of topography, stratigraphy, and valley effects, showing that amplification factors can locally exceed 1.7 depending on the terrain configuration. [PERSON] et al. [34] identified two distinct dynamic response patterns in single-surface slopes based on a critical height-to-wavelength ratio, highlighting the influence of slope height on peak ground acceleration. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [35] showed that simplified 2D models may underestimate amplification in asymmetric ridge topographies, advocating for full 3D simulations in seismic microzonation. Parametric analyses by [PERSON] et al. [36] and [PERSON] et al. [37] further confirmed that the shape ratio, wave polarization, and topographic complexity significantly affect the seismic response, often leading to amplification levels that exceed those captured by conventional code-based site classifications. These topographic effects are not explicitly incorporated into the FEMA P695 methodology. Topographic amplification is a well-documented phenomenon that can significantly affect the seismic demand on hillside structures. One of the earliest and most relevant case studies in Chile was presented by [PERSON] [38], who reported amplification effects during the 1985 Central Chile earthquake (Mw 7.8), particularly in the Canal Beagle subdivision near Vina del Mar. There, three- to five-story buildings located on ridges suffered extensive damage, which correlated with a recorded spectral amplification in the 2-4 Hz range, frequencies that matched the fundamental modes of the damaged structures. These observations, derived from dense temporary arrays, highlighted the importance of topographic features in altering ground motion characteristics and called for improved code provisions. Despite these findings, current Chilean seismic codes lack explicit mechanisms to account for slope-induced amplification. The present study built on this historical context by assessing the seismic performance of RC shear wall buildings located on sloping terrain using the FEMA P695 methodology, thereby addressing a critical gap between empirical evidence and design practice. This study focused on reinforced concrete buildings with shear walls constructed on sloped terrain, a typology that is widely used in residential developments in Chile. Despite its prevalence, the current Chilean seismic design code does not provide specific provisions to account for the effects of slope on the structural response of buildings. A review of major international seismic design standards also revealed a general lack of explicit guidance for structures located on inclined ground, with a few exceptions, such as Eurocode 8 [3]. In this context, while the FEMA P695 methodology has been extensively used to validate seismic design factors for various structural typologies, its original formulation does not explicitly consider the topographic effects or the geometric particularities of hillside buildings.