## 1 Introduction
In 2008, for the first time in the US, the IC technology was adopted on the TH-64 reconstruction project in Minnesota [16]. This study guides the effective implementation of IC technology, and the challenges are still under study. In 2009, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT), in collaboration with FHWA and Trans Tech, used an IC roller to construct two miles of asphalt road. Since then, some studies have been exploring the IC for QA/QC in the US and Europe but still need to address many existing problems [2]. IC technology can still not measure the material density or stiffness directly, which has been used as a standard for QA/QC for decades [17]. To measure the compaction quality monitoring and control of the IC roller, it is essential to develop  
Figure 1: Major components of the IC roller. the empirical relationship between IC parameters and material density or stiffness. With the development of these established relationships, the IC roller can provide the QA/QC information without depending on conventional in situ measurements [18]. Research efforts have been put forward to investigate the indirect measurement of mechanical soil properties by accessing the benefits of IC technology in civil engineering projects. In 1980, one of the earliest studies in the field showed a linear correlation between CMV and soil strength [19]. This research provided the basis for multiple research projects for vibration-based monitoring by establishing the correlation between the drum vibration characteristics and traditional in situ strength measurement tests [4]. In 1989, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] developed a documentation management system for compaction based on oscillation and vibration measurements. [PERSON] et al. [21] performed a study showing a strong correlation between the CMV and dry density of clayy gravel. Several studies carried out by researchers have shown the strong relationship between CMV with the Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) test and density in different soil types [15; 22; 23; 24]. The Plate Load Test (PLT) is a known in situ test for determining the strength of soils by measuring the ultimate bearing capacity; few studies have been carried out to investigate the correlation between CMV and PLT [25; 26]. These relationships help the civil engineering industry to rely on IC roller technology for QA/QC and develop QA/QC standards. It is critical to investigate the correlation between the IC roller and in situ measurements, as their linear regression should have a coefficient of R > 0.7 [26]. However, studies have investigated and recognized the feasibility of IC rollers for earthwork operations. Surprisingly, this field is still immature and needs more comprehensive studies. This study set out to develop an intelligent compaction system to manage compaction operations efficiently and evaluate its effectiveness. It discusses the principle and components of an intelligent compaction system comprehensively. The data for this study were collected from in situ site measurements and IC roller operations from two real construction projects. One was an earthwork project for contaminated soil replacement, and the other was a land development project to construct an event stadium. Then, linear regression analysis investigated the empirical relationship between the IC Roller CMV and PLT in situ tests. Two implementation cases of the real-time project were presented to authenticate the feasibility of the proposed system. This work offers some important, fresh insights into the automation of the construction industry for compaction earthwork operations.