# Nanomaterial Databases: Data Sources for Promoting Design and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials
## 2 Brief Description of the Databases
In eNanoMapper, physicochemical properties such as size distribution, surface area, stability, freezing/melting point, zeta potential, shape, and aspect ratio are included. Furthermore, the availability and completeness of some nanomaterials and their physicochemical properties determined by experiments have been assessed [51]. eNanoMapper also contains a variety of toxicological experimental data such as cell viability, oxidative stress, immunotoxicity, genetic toxicity, and omics data. The detailed experimental protocols that were used to generate the toxicological data can be retrieved via the references included in this database. Various database functionalities have been implemented in eNanoMapper, including search, ontology annotation, data import and export through a web browser interface, and a REpresentational State Transfer (REST) web services application programming interface (API) ([[http://enanomapper.github.io/API/](http://enanomapper.github.io/API/)]([http://enanomapper.github.io/API/](http://enanomapper.github.io/API/)), accessed on 16 February 2021), facilitating the building of user-friendly features. Data in eNanoMapper can be exported in JSON, CSV, XML, JSON-LD, and XLSX formats. NR is a public and fully curated database that is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [52]. It archives experimental data such as biological and environmental effects of nanomaterials. The data are curated from multiple sources including caNanoLab, NBIK, and NIL. This database provides links to the original data sources. In this database, the nanomaterials can be browsed by their material type (e.g., metal, metal oxide, carbon, polymer), size (e.g., <25 nm, 25-74 nm, 75-149 nm, 150-300 nm, and >300 nm), shape (1D, 2D, and 3D), or surface area (e.g., <10 m\({}^{2}\)/g, 10-49 m\({}^{2}\)/g). NR contains a variety of physiochemical characterizations such as size, size distribution, aggregation, surface area, shape, composition, purity, surface charge, surface chemistry, surface reactivity, solubility, and stability. In addition, 608 biological studies (82% in vitro and 18% in vivo) are recorded in this database. The data can be downloaded in an easy-to-analyze Excel spreadsheet format. This database supports search, browse, comparison, and data retrieval of nanomaterials. Nanowerk is an online portal that provides rich information on nanoscience and nanotechnologies. The nanomaterial database in Nanowerk contains commercially available nanomaterial products and information on their vendors worldwide. This database comprises hundreds of suppliers of 3872 unique nanomaterials, including fullerene, graphene, nanofibers, nanoparticles (e.g., binary compound nanoparticles, complex compound nanoparticles, and single element nanoparticles), nanotubes (carbon nanotubes and non-carbon nanotubes), nanowires, and quantum dots. The data recorded in this database include component, size, and phase of the manufactured nanomaterials. Moreover, users can request a quote or contact the suppliers directly using the provided links after finding the nanomaterials of interest. NBIK is a knowledgebase established by Oregon State University for understanding nanomaterial exposure risks by exploring the relationship between the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and the biological interactions caused by exposure to nanomaterials. NBIK has 147 unique nanomaterials covering seven material types, including carbon, cellulose, dendrimer, metal, metal oxide, polymer, and semiconductor. The nanomaterials can be searched using material type, core (e.g., copper, gold, carbon), surface chemistry (shell composition and functional groups), shape (e.g., conical, cubic, dendritic), size range, and charge (e.g., +, \(-\) and 0). In NBIK, the biocompatibility data of the nanomaterials are obtained from testing with zebrafish embryos as the metric. The zebrafish embryo testing data for all the nanomaterials are presented in a heatmap. Similar to NR, NBIK also supports data export in the XLSX format.