## 4 Results
### Research Interest Shift of Stolars
Results reveal that about 63.8% of scholars move closely toward mHealth regions in the semantic space after participating in mHTI. Combined with the observation in Figure 8, we note that the number of scholars moving toward mHealth-related semantic regions consistently exceeds those moving away. This means that, although most scholars are outside of the medical field, as shown in Table 1 in the mHTI scholar pool, mHTI promotes the attractiveness of the mHealth field to scholars. To establish statistical significance, two null models were developed based on random movement assumptions in the constructed semantic space. Both models initialize scholars at their average semantic locations derived from [\(-\)3,0) year publications. The empirical displacement vectors \(\Delta\mathbf{v}\) were calculated between these starting positions and positions derived from (0,3) year publications, maintaining consistency with the previous trajectory analysis. The first null model preserves the observed displacement magnitudes \(||\Delta\mathbf{v}||\) while randomizing movement directions. The second model introduces additional variability by randomizing both direction and distance, sampling displacements uniformly from \([0,1.2||\Delta\mathbf{v}||]\). For each simulation, movement outcomes were evaluated by comparing pre- and post-movement KDE values for mHealth topic distributions. The fixed-distance model (10,000 iterations) and variable-distance model (50,000 iterations) both yielded null distributions where the observed 63.8% attraction rate fell in the extreme upper tail (\(p<0.001\), see Figures 9 and 10). This confirmation across both randomization approaches demonstrates that the observed trajectory shifts toward mHealth topics significantly exceed chance expectations, substantiating the program's influence on research directions. Figure 8: mHTI scholars’ migration in semantic space. The left subplot shows scholars moving toward higher probability density regions (dark blue), while the right subplot shows scholars moving away from the high-density regions. The arrows indicate migration direction. For scholars whose research interests shifted toward mHealth, we further examine demographic-level topic migration by analyzing patterns based on scholars' disciplinary backgrounds (see Figure 11). Overall, most scholars' research trajectories remain anchored in their original disciplines. For example, scholars from technology-related fields tend to cluster in the upper-right quadrant of the semantic space, while those from medical or nursing backgrounds are concentrated near the center. Scholars with psychology backgrounds are typically located in the lower-right quadrant, which is densely populated with mental health publications. As shown in Figure 11, during the given relatively short time windows (three years before and after participating in mHTI), scholars often migrate toward nearby high-density regions of mHealth-related topics--represented by the darkest blue areas. These \"peaks\" indicate regions in the semantic space where mHealth publications are most densely concentrated, reflecting prominent or well-established subfields. Rather than shifting broadly across disciplines, scholars tend to move toward mHealth topics that are semantically close to their existing research interests. This pattern suggests a tendency toward disciplinary continuity, where scholars integrate mHealth themes that align with their prior expertise. We also observe instances of long-distance migration in the figure, indicating more substantial shifts in research direction following participation in mHTI. These cases reflect a deeper reorientation of scholarly focus and highlight the program's potential to catalyze significant topic-level transformations. Figure 10: Comparison of the actual increase ratio with the null distribution under a random distance setting. Figure 9: Comparison of the actual increase ratio with the null distribution under a fixed distance setting.