Evaluation of In Vitro Wound-Healing Potential, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antimicrobial Activity of _Stellaria media_ (L.) [PERSON] ([PERSON])  
1 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 Pt-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania, [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (F.M.); [PERSON]ADDRESS] (L.F.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Z.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Z.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.G.); [PERSON]] (P.P.); [PERSON](A.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.V.)  
[PERSON]  
1 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 Pt-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania, [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (F.M.); [PERSON]ADDRESS] (L.F.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Z.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Z.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.G.); [PERSON]] (P.P.); [PERSON](A.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.V.)  
[PERSON]  
1 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 Pt-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania, [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (F.M.); [PERSON]ADDRESS] (L.F.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Z.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Z.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.G.); [PERSON]] (P.P.); [PERSON](A.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.V.)  
[PERSON]  
1 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 Pt-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania, [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (F.M.); [PERSON]ADDRESS] (L.F.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Z.); marcelzdrinca@yahoo.  
In the case of a lesion, healing takes place in three complex phases (Figure 1).  
According to Figure 1, the first phase represents the moment of inflammation and cessation of bleeding, involving processes such as vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and subsequent coagulation of the aseptic wound by phagocytosis and debridement (it can take up to five days depending on the treatment applied). The second phase represents the actual healing, being the stage of cell proliferation. In this phase, the fibroblasts determine the synthesis of collagen, which \"fills\" the wound, and then the formation of angiogenesis takes place. Subsequently, the size of the wound decreases due to the contraction process--the collagen fibers are reorganized so that later, the epithelialization takes place (this process requires between 2 and 10 days depending on the treatment applied). The last phase is the remodeling phase, when the collagen synthesis is low but the collagen fibers generated by fibroblasts are firmer and more elastic, and the skin regains its elasticity [5].  
The classic therapy used to heal wounds involves various synthetic drugs (antibiotics and antifungals) that, over time, can cause tolerance, with the need to increase the dose applied to decrease the sensitivity of microorganisms to these substances and thus the appearance of infections [6; 7; 8]. In general, adult dermal cells cannot migrate and proliferate in the case of injury without leaving traces (scars), but young papillary fibroblasts have this potential [3]. The interest of research [9; 10; 11] is focused on identifying new plant sources that stimulate the development and proliferation of fibroblasts [12; 13].  
Our study investigated the wound-healing effect in vitro by SM extract in NHDF cells using a scratch assay. The rate of migration and proliferation inside the wound of fibroblast cells were quantitatively evaluated by complex statistical analysis. Microscope images of fibroblast cells subjected to various SM extract doses were processed in order to determine the width of the wound, the area of the wound, and the density of cells inside the wound. In addition, SM extract was characterized in terms of bioactive compounds (total phenols and flavonoids content), antioxidant capacity by FRAP assay and an electrochemical method, and antimicrobial activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to highlight the wound-healing potential of SM extract.  
Figure 1: Stages of wound healing and the implications of fibroblasts in this process.