# The Effect of Web Augmented Reality on Primary Pupils' Achievement in English
## 2 Background and Related Works
### Review of Web Ar Technologies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline
**API Tech. Lib.** & **Short Description** \\ \hline Awe.js [43] & JavaScript-based API released in 2012, relies on Jthree.js, JSAToolkit, ARToolkit [44]. Hello world time required less than 10 min [45]. Support marked-based AR, all standard browsers and can operate with desktop PC. \\ \hline A-Frame AR & JavaScript-based API released in 2016, relies on A-Frame, three.ajs, WebARonARKit/Core, and WebXR. Hello world time require less than 30 min [46]. Does not support marked-base AR and desktop PC. Does not operate on all web browsers. \\ \hline Arjs [42] & JavaScript-based API released in 2017, relies on A-Frame, three.js, and ARToolKit. Hello world time require less than 10 min [47]. Support marked-based AR, all standard browsers and can operate with desktop PC. \\ \hline mind-AR-JS [48] & JavaScript-based API released in 2022, relies on A-Frame, three.js, and ARToolKit. It supports image tracking and face tracking. Support marked-based AR, all standard browsers and can operate with desktop PC. \\ \hline Wikitude [49] & A browser kernel-based solution for Web AR was released in 2008. Can provide the experience of Location-based AR, image recognition and tracking, and geolocation technology. Can operate on Android, IOS, and Windows. \\ \hline BlippAR [50] & A browser kernel-based solution for Web AR was released in 2011. Can provide the experience of image recognition and tracking, and support Google glasses. Can operate on Android and IOS. \\ \hline Argon4 [51] & A browser kernel-based solution for Web AR was released in 2016. Can provide the experience of any 3D view of reality to be augmented and viewing many WebAR at the same time. Can operate on Android and IOS. \\ \hline Three.js [52] & A cross-browser JavaScript framework and application programming interface (API) called Three.js was launched in 2010 and is used to produce and display animated 3D computer graphics in a web browser using WebGL. Three is referred to as 3D animation. \\ \hline WebGL & WebGL (Web Graphic Library) it is a Java-based API cross-platform, royalty-free API released in 2011, used to create 2D and 3D graphics in a Web browser [52] this provides a hardware-based (Graphic Processing Unit) rendering acceleration approach on the Web [53]. \\ \hline WebRTC & WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communications) Free open source project comprises a set of technologies and standards that provide real-time communication with web browsers released in 2011 [54]. It allows audio and video communication to work inside web pages by allowing direct peer-to-peer communication, eliminating the need to install plugins or download native apps [55]. \\ \hline a-frame & Open-source web entity component system framework for Three.js where developers can create 3D and Web VR scenes using HTML released in 2015 [56]. In the middle of 2015, the Mozilla VR team created A-Frame. A-Frame is a Web VR framework that speeds up and simplifies the creation of virtual reality experiences by allowing HTML coding instead of the robust but difficult WebGL. \\ \hline WebXR & API that supports devices for accessing and presenting AR and VR on the web browser. released in 2018 [57]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Webar Solution and Enabling Technologies. These cloud-based Web AR platforms empowered off-computation fetcher to accelerate the computing process [55]. In this study, mywebar platform [58] adopted for the reasons and justifications that will be discussed in the following section.