## 4 Conclusions  
Carboxyl cation exchangers with very high ion exchange capacity can be used as host materials for receiving copper-rich hybrid ion exchangers. Using simple transformations in ambient conditions, macroreticular and gel-like HIXs with CuO particles with up to 195.0 and 233.0 mg Cu/g content were obtained. As carboxyl groups in CCEs are weakly acidic, using a dilute acetic acid solution HIXs containing both the CuO deposit and the functional groups in the H\({}^{+}\) form can be obtained. HIXs enriched with copper, containing the CuO deposit and the functional groups in the Cu\({}^{2+}\) form, could also be obtained (such materials contained up to 35.0 wt% Cu). All composites (regardless of the ionic form of functional groups) were extremely electrified (attached to paper, \"jumped\" from the dish). Samples of both starting materials (M/H and G/H) and also M/Cu, M/Cu#CuO, and M/H#CuO can be thermally analyzed in natural form (beads). G/Cu, G/Cu#CuO, and G/H#CuO samples were ground before measurement (otherwise they \"pop out\" from the measuring crucible). The TG/DTG curves both CCEs and HIXs with the cupric deposit had a peculiar, characteristic course. Carboxyl groups attached to a skeleton with different structures (with polymer chains located close to each other or separated by macropores in the macromolecule) dehydrated/decarboxylated in different ways to intermolecular or intramolecular dehydration. Under air, the copper deposit significantly accelerated the decomposition of CCEs in such a way that subsequent changes occurred at a lower temperature, and the end temperature of ultimate polymeric matter decomposition was also lower (551.7 vs. 427.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C). For CCE in the Cu\({}^{2+}\) form and for CCE containing dispersed CuO, the TG/DTG curves had a similar course. Materials with both Cu\({}^{2+}\) and CuO contained the most copper and decomposed the fastest. For all analyses carried out under air, CuO was the solid residue. Its mass was up to 46.3%. Under N\({}_{2}\), all HIXs decomposed much faster than the reference material (pure resin) and slightly slower (at a slightly higher temperature) than in air. During pyrolysis, pyrolysates were formed with mass that represented as much as 50 wt% of the sample's starting mass, consisting mainly of the inorganic phase (not organic as is usually the case), which was metallic copper (60-80% Cu). The creation of metallic copper was due to the reduced division into the cupric deposit of the products of polymer matrix thermal decomposition (free radicals and hydrogen). Simultaneously, free radicals participated in  
Figure 8: XRD patterns of residues in N\({}_{2}\). the creation of an additional amount of carbon char due to the consumption of a certain amount of hydrogen to reduce Cu(II) to Cu\({}^{0}\). CCEs, despite their high oxygen content (about 40.0 wt%), have proven to be very effective reducers in the pyrolysis process. Conceptualization, E.K.-B. ; methodology E.S., I.J.-S., and I.M. ; software, I.M. ; formal analysis I.J.-S. and I.M. ; investigation, E.S. and I.M. ; resources, E.S. ; validation, I.M. ; writing-original draft preparation, E.K.-B., I.J.-S., and I.M. ; writing-review and editing, E.K  
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