# An IoT-Based Computational Framework for Healthcare Monitoring in Mobile Environments
## 2 Related Work
### Biomedical Sensing and Health Monitoring
Another method for monitoring the athletes' performance consists in the Time-Motion Analysis (TMA). This technique analyses the sequence of movements made by the athletes during the competition using Global Position System (GPS) tracking and advanced movement pattern analysis via digital video [48; 49]. The sports intensity may differ according to the playing position and, as a consequence, it has a different impact on the athlete's stress level and the effort required. The heart monitoring gives precise information on the physical effort that is taking place at each time. A simple analysis method consists in checking that the heart rate is within a safe range. In this case the system knows that all heart rates for each athlete should be between a lower and an upper threshold. Therefore, if one of the heart rates exceeds the upper threshold or its value is lower than the lower threshold, the system alerts the medical staff. However, other papers on anomaly detection from ECG data are using inference methods based on dynamic programming techniques [50] and other mathematical operations [51] in order to detect deeper heart anomalies that may cause injuries, even when the heart rate is within safe ranges. The training impulse (TRIMP) is often considered a useful means of assessing training load [52]. A TRIMP is a unit of physical effort that is calculated using training duration and maximal, resting, and average Heart Rate (HR) during the exercise session. There are many research works focused on monitoring of physical activity using HR measures [53; 54]. The research work developed by [PERSON] et al. [55] uses Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) defined as the rate at which HR declines at the cessation of exercise and has been suggested to be a marker of autonomic function and training status in athletes. HRR can be calculated over varying timeframes, usually between 30 s and 2 min, with the difference between end of exercise HR and HR at 60 s post-exercise being most commonly used. The analysis of the electrocardiographic wave is a powerful method for analysing the performance in sport and detecting heart diseases [56]. There are several risk situations for sport practice that can be inferred from the ECG such as Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) [57], Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD) [58], commotio cords [59], coronary artery anomalies (CAA) [60], or left ventricular hypertrophy (LHV) [61]. An important part of the risks associated with physical activity comes from cardiovascular disease and heart failure [62; 63], especially, those that can cause the unexpected and SD of the subject. This is known as SD situations in sport. Despite all the recognized health benefits of sport and general physical activity, it has been proven that the practice of sport in an overly intensive way increases the risk of SD. SD occurs in approximately one in 200,000 athletes annually [64]. Recently, the sudden and unexpected deaths suffered by athletes while exercising their respective professional sports have caused some alarm. The phenomenon has been mainly associated with footballers: [PERSON] (Sevilla FC, Sevilla, Spain), [PERSON] (Yaunde, Cameroon), [PERSON] (Benfica, Guimaraes, Portugal) and [PERSON] (Dinamo Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania). This cause of death is also seen in other professional sports such as basketball, cycling, rugby, volleyball, running, etc. Physical activity is considered a true reflection of the health and quality of life of a society and so the public has trouble understanding how an apparently healthy young person can die while showing great vitality in performing his usual sport. Cases of SD in the headlines of the sports press, especially when it happens to highly-trained athletes with excellent athletic performance, show that the athletes were not aware that they were carriers of a silent yet potentially lethal cardiovascular disease, despite having been subjected to different medical checks throughout their professional sporting lives. The work presented by [PERSON] et al.