## 4 Discussion
Other factors such as soil type, nutrition, management practices, soil properties, plant age, and crop species affect diversity [17; 35; 36]. In our study, from the soil analysis, we noticed that R2 with a phosphorus value of 74.43 mg/kg was higher in the rhizosphere in comparison to the bulk soil (Figure 7). This could explain why diversity is higher in that habitat and most likely due to soil properties or soil type [37; 38]. The soil samples in this study are slightly acidic (with an interval of 5.78-6.60) and, this is also a major part of the microbial community predictor. This correlates with a similar finding reported by [PERSON] et al. [39], which indicates that bacterial diversity and composition have a positive relationship with pH between 4 and 7. pH is said to have an effect on the composition of other domains, but the influence was far weaker in fungi than for the bacterial community [39]. Profiling the functional microbiome unraveled many potential plant-beneficial, plant-growth-promoting, and biocontrol attributes implicated to be involved in functions such as synthesis of plant hormones, provision of nutrients, and signal molecule synthesis necessary for plant-microbe interaction [40]. Regarding the genomic insight into the R1, R2, B1, and B2 metagenomes, they all possess genes that encode nitrogen fixation _nifS_ and _sufS_ with the biological function of cysteine desulfurase. The enzymatic reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium, which is most needed for plant growth, is an important part of the nitrogen cycle, and this process is known as biological nitrogen fixation. Biological nitrogen-fixation-derived nitrogen plays a crucial role in crop production by substituting chemical fertilizers with biological nitrogen [41]. However, our metagenomes consist of other types of genes such as _isclUniflU_, _niflU_, _niflA_, _niflT_, _niflA_, _niflA_, _niflA_, _niflN_, _niflB_, _niflQ_, _niflW_, and _niflO_. Diazotrophic prokaryotes in the ecosystem have the ability to fix molecular nitrogen using a reaction known as nitrogenase enzymes. The _niflH_ gene encodes the Fe protein, which acts as nitrogenase reductase; therefore, the presence of this gene in all diazotrophic bacteria makes it an ideal molecular marker for the N-fixation pathway [42; 43]. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients needed in crop production. Interestingly, microbial nitrogen cycling was completely represented in our rhizosphere metagenomic samples, resulting in functional genes related to nitrogen fixation (_niflH_) and denitrification (_nirV_). In addition, genes responsible for nitrite transporter _nirC_, expression of nitric oxide, and nitrite reductase _nir_ and _nor_ were also discovered [44]. In a study by [PERSON] [45], 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase that encodes for _acdS_ genes was discovered. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria contain enzyme ACC deaminase, which improves the growth of plants by lowering the ethylene level under stress conditions. Ethylene is an important plant hormone because its synthesis is accelerated by biotic and abiotic stresses [46; 47]. The coping mechanism of a plant to abiotic stresses, for example, salt stress, can be attributed to the reduction of stress ethylene using ACC deaminase enzymes affected by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria [48; 49]. From previous studies, ACC deaminase has also been discovered and characterized in certain plant-associated fungi, for example, the biocontrol strain _Trichoderma asperellum_[50]. Interestingly, our results displayed the phylum _Ascomycota_ from the eukaryote domain, which _Trichoderma asperellum_ belongs to. Thus, microbial _acdS_ can be an approach to withstand stressed conditions. The metagenomes also contain quite large numbers of siderophore-producing genes, which assist in iron acquisition. Siderophores are small molecules synthesized and secreted by a wide range of microorganisms to scavenge iron [51]. There are two ways plants acquire iron.