# Design of a Land Area Measuring Instrument Based on an STM32 and a BeiDou Positioning Chip
## 1 Introduction  
Geographic information system (GIS) technology has demonstrated unprecedented potential for enhancing geographic resource management efficiency and optimizing land resource allocation [1, 2, 3]. In land resource management and cartography, area measurement serves as a critical parameter that profoundly influences regional planning, resource allocation, and utilization efficiency. Consequently, developing novel area measurement technologies is essential for addressing land management challenges, advancing precision agriculture, and driving innovation in modern surveying and mapping. Traditional area measurement methods--predominantly reliant on manual techniques and conventional instruments--exhibit inefficiency and significant errors, failing to meet modern agriculture's precision management requirements. While satellite navigation-based area measurement instruments (e.g., GPS) have proliferated in recent years [4, 5], these systems remain limited in their dynamic environment adaptability, complex-terrain processing, and resource utilization efficiency. Under weak signal conditions, issues such as insufficient satellite distribution density and pronounced multipath effects further degrade measurement accuracy. To address these limitations, researchers globally have pursued continuous methodological refinements for complex scenarios and accuracy enhancement. In 2017, [PERSON] et al. utilized S720 handheld GIS equipment to validate forestland measurement data, achieving a 4.55% accuracy through region-specific sampling point optimization; however, their static memory allocation strategy proved environmentally constrained [6]. By 2019, [PERSON] et al. developed a land area measurement instrument using the S1216F8 module and \(\upmu\)C/OS-II system, incorporating a narrow-band bandpass filter to eliminate power-frequency interference and active potential shielding to mitigate weak signal leakage. While attaining 1.42% accuracy in open-field tests, persistent signal reception challenges under weak signal conditions remained unresolved [7]. In 2020, [PERSON] et al. proposed a dual-polarized antenna GPS signal reception algorithm that improved urban canyon positioning accuracy by 43.07% through multipath/non-line-of-sight (MP/NLOS) signal suppression, though area measurement applications were unexplored [8]. Concurrently, [PERSON] et al. combined Type II fuzzy sets with wavelet transforms to boost GPS signal reception accuracy by 28.6% in high-noise environments, albeit with embedded deployment limitations due to algorithmic complexity [9]. Collectively, these efforts prioritized hardware enhancements or signal-processing innovations to address weak signal constraints. Following the 2020 operationalization of the BeiDou-3 satellite constellation, research on BeiDou measurement accuracy has intensified, with growing applications in area measurement. For instance, [PERSON] et al. (2022) integrated the MC120M BeiDou module with Delaunay triangulation, achieving a 0.7% average error in multi-terrain farmland validation [10]. [PERSON] et al. (2025) further resolved forest canopy signal occlusion via a BeiDou/inertial navigation integrated system, attaining a 3% positioning accuracy in coniferous, broad-leaved, and mixed forests [11]. In this context, this design employs BeiDou navigation as its core positioning technology. The BeiDou system provides a physical layer solution for the weak signal environment through its unique technical architecture: its inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellite forms high elevation coverage in the Asia-Pacific region, increasing the minimum number of visible satellites to eight [12]. Its unique BDSBAS satellite-based augmentation service broadcasts differential correction parameters through GEO satellites, and the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracy is about 0.15 and 0.2 m [13].