## 4 Discussion
identified VEGF-A as the principal mediator of cerebral angiogenesis, with increased levels observed after stroke in both rodent models and humans. Angiogenesis in the brain is a tightly regulated process governed by neuroocteddermal-derived growth factors that activate tyrosine kinase receptors on endothelial cells. Studies by [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. validated the S100B protein as a biomarker for brain injury [22]. The current study confirmed its significance in IS, demonstrating that higher S100B levels are associated with more severe brain injuries and longer recovery times. These findings align with previous research, underscoring S100B's role in promoting inflammation. A notable clinical and fundamental contribution of this study is the dysregulation of angiogenesis mechanisms in pediatric IS, evidenced by low endoglin levels, alongside disrupted thrombotic mechanisms indicated by increased antiphospholipid antibody (APA) levels. Elevated APA levels reflect the activation of coagulation cascades, contributing to thrombogenesis. Additionally, the study assessed and described the activation of ischemic remodeling processes, marking a significant advancement in understanding pediatric IS pathophysiology. Increased levels of VEGF, CNTF, and S100B proteins contribute to promoting neuronal plasticity and stimulating angiogenesis in the context of inflammation. The practical implications of these novel pathophysiological mechanisms include the potential to predict ischemic stroke in children by evaluating inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6, S100B, and CNTF. Irregularities in the serum concentrations of these markers reveal common features of the acute phase of pediatric IS, including inflammation and toxicity characterized by significant elevations in IL-6, S100B, and CNTF. These changes contribute to early neurological depression and infarct expansion. Another key practical application of the study's findings is the ability to assess the severity of IS in children by analyzing disruptions in homeostasis, as evidenced by the elevated serum levels of VEGF, CNTF, and S100B. The clinical utility of S100B lies in its role as a marker for brain injury and its predictive value for neurorecovery processes. Higher levels of S100B are associated with more severe recovery trajectories and increased neurological complications. This biomarker can guide the selection of appropriate neurorehabilitation strategies on a case-by-case basis. So, as the results of the given study showed, IS in children is a progressing problem worldwide, and the literature analysis on this subject also confirms that. Addressing this challenge requires the integration of computing algorithms supported by AI technologies into routine clinical practice. Such modern diagnostic approaches have the potential to significantly enhance human decision-making for the timely recognition of stroke-related warning signs [15; 23; 24; 25]. Establishing efficient pediatric diagnosis and monitoring systems necessitates reliable and recent data sets. This pilot study aimed to identify critical immunoenzymatic parameters that can serve as early predictors of pediatric stroke, facilitating the creation of a meaningful database for machine learning applications and artificial neural network development [15; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30]. Examples of such a successful approach that includes the integration of medical data sets and machine learning for prediction construction were shown in predictive cardiology, when step-by-step data set development--from the discovery of new fundamental cardiovascular mechanisms [28] to their recognition in biosignal registrations and testing under different psychoemotional conditions [29; 30]-- was transformed into predictive construction models that provided the clinical decision-makers with essential information. So, the important results of the present study show that IL-6, VEGF, CNTF, the S100B protein, CD105 (endoglin), and APAs play a significant role in promoting mechanisms that characterize pediatric ischemic stroke.