# Role of Nutribiotics in Skin Care
## 4 Skin Microbiome and Dermatological Disorders
Increased vascularization can also be found, which allows the accumulation of inflammatory subpopulations of neutrophils, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. Sporiasis is frequently associated with inflammation in other organ systems. Thus, 7-11% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are also diagnosed with psoriasis, reflecting a strong association with gastrointestinal inflammation. Changes in the gut microbiome in psoriasis are similar to those observed in patients with IBD; in both diseases, _Faecalibacterium prausnitzii_, _Bifdobacterium_ spp., _Lactobacillus_ spp., Parabacteroides, and Cobproacillus were underrepresented, while the abundance of _Salmonella_ sp., _Campylobacter_ sp., _Helicobacter_ sp., _Escherichia coli_, _Alcaligenes_ sp., and _Mycobacterium_ sp. was increased [111]. Other studies showed that psoriatic exacerbation was considered to be associated with increased colonization of _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Candida albicans_, and _Malassezia_ in the skin and gut [112]. Another similarity between psoriasis and IBD is the reduced abundance of two beneficial bacteria species (_Parabacteroides_ and _Coproacillus_) observed in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and in those with IBD [113]. Thus, it is generally accepted that the inflammatory and immune mechanisms of psoriasis are based on the dysregulation of the gut-brain-skin axis [114]. Additionally, a decrease in _Bacteroidetes_ and an increase in _Firmicutes_ in the intestines of patients with psoriasis compared to control patients were also found [115]. Similar findings were reported by other authors who found an increased abundance of _Firmicutes_, _Protebacteria_, and _Actinobacteria_, together with a decrease in _Bacteroidetes_ in the gut microbiome of patients with psoriasis [116, 117]. Other recent studies confirmed this relationship between the gut microbiota and psoriasis. [PERSON] et al. [118] identified nominal protective roles of _Bacteroidetes_ and _Prevotella_ in the risks of acquiring psoriasis. Moreover, some bacterial taxa were recognized as risk factors, including _Lactococcus_, _Ruminiclostridium_ 5, and _Eubacterium fissicatena_; but _Odoribacter_ demonstrated a protective effect against psoriasis [119]. When revising the role of the skin microbiome in psoriasis, studies have shown relative increases in _Streptococcus_ and _Staphylococcus_ and decreases in _Malassezia_ and _Cutibacterium_[92]. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [93], comparing swap samples of patients with psoriasis and healthy controls, demonstrated that the microbiome of psoriatic lesionsis characterized by an increase in _Firmicutes_ and _Actinobacteria_ and a general taxonomic diversity reduction. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. [94] found that the microbiome of psoriatic skin has reduced stability compared to the microbiome of healthy skin. Further, the loss of community stability and decrease in immunoregulatory bacteria such as _Staphylococcus epidermidis_ and _Propionibacterium acnes_ may result in increased colonization with pathogens, such as _Staphylococcus aureus_, which can exacerbate skin inflammation along the Th17 axis [94]. Rosacea is an inflammatory chronic skin disease that appears exclusively on the central area of the face, such as the cheeks, nose, and chin, symmetrically, and on the central forehead. It is characterized by flushing, papules and pustules, telangiectasia, and sometimes phytatous alterations, which are accompanied by stinging or itching [120]. Generally, rosacea is classified into four morphologic subtypes: phytamous rosacea, papulopustular rosacea, erythematosusATodelangiectatic rosacea, and ocular rosacea [121]. The clinical manifestations of rosacea are multifactorial and are linked to abnormal neurovascular activation, dysregulated production and release of inflammatory molecules, and overgrowth of microorganisms that naturally inhabit the skin [122].