## 4 Conclusions  
In conclusion, despite the use of a specific and simple geological model, the uncertainty analysis conducted in this study allows for the expansion and generalization of the main conclusions, providing valuable insights into carbonate reactions and informing future research and experimentation in this field. They are summarized as follows:  
* The workflow employed in this study successfully mapped the uncertainty associated with the amount of CO2 mineralized in carbonate rocks. This is essential for defining mitigation measures to address the risk of leakage in storage targets containing reactive minerals within their matrix;
* Proxy models constructed using quadratic response surfaces effectively represented the objective functions used to evaluate CO2 injectivity and mineralization over extended periods of CO2 redistribution. These models performed well even with a relatively small number of runs, making them valuable decision-making tools;
* The development of proxy models allowed for an expanded parametric analysis and facilitated the examination of the relationships among kinetic parameters and other key properties, such as the CO2 injection rate, brine pH, and the initial percentage of calcite in the rock matrix. The findings highlight the significance of calcite dissolution as the primary mechanism of mineralization and the interplay between pH, available CO2, and dolomite and calcite kinetics for the formation of dolomite as a secondary mineral;
* The parametric assessment revealed that the rate constant emerges as the most significant kinetic parameter. This parameter holds direct control over the reaction rate, especially in the context of calcite dissolution. Therefore, the uncertainty on this parameter underscores the need for further research and data collection to improve our understanding and its characterization, as highlighted in our results;
* Both pH and the initial concentration of calcite exert significant control on dolomite precipitation, while the CO2 injection rate affects both calcite dissolution and dolomite  
Figure 10: Cross-sectional view of rock permeability gain in the representative models of P10, P50, and P90 estimates. generation. No changes in quartz content were observed in the conducted numerical experiments;
* The CO2 injectivity index has demonstrated its capability to reflect the uncertainty associated with carbonate mineral reactions. Therefore, tracking the injectivity index from field or lab tests provides a practical means of monitoring and quantifying the levels of uncertainty involved. These conclusions provide valuable support for the design of laboratory experiments, specifically regarding the measurement of geochemical reactions in corefloods. Parameters such as calcite amount, initial brine pH, and injection rate can be carefully controlled and varied in these experiments to enhance our understanding of carbonate mineral reactions. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy of existing databases for characterizing mineral reactions induced by CO2 injection in carbonate rocks, it is highly beneficial to further explore key parameters such as the rate constant and reactive area of the involved minerals. This can be achieved through the history matching of laboratory experiments, where these parameters are refined and adjusted to better align with observed data. By iteratively refining these parameters during the history-matching process, the precision and reliability of the current databases can be significantly improved. This, in turn, enhances our ability to accurately characterize and predict mineral reactions in carbonate rocks induced by CO2 injection. The findings yield valuable insights into the feasibility of CCS in carbonate saline aquifers by modeling the geochemical reactions and mapping the associated risks. This information is crucial for developing and implementing effective CCS strategies in geological formations that are not typically prioritized for carbon storage, such as carbonate rocks. Conceptualization, M.V.B.M. and A.K.