## 1 Introduction  
Aluminum and its alloys are known for their outstanding characteristics, including being light in weight, weldable, and corrosion resistant. These properties make them ideal to be applied in different industrial engagements such as aerospace, defense, automotive, etc. Aluminum-silicon-based alloys (Al-Si), notably AlSi12, AlSi10 Mg, A357 (AlSi7 Mg0.7), and A356 (AlSi7 Mg0.3), have been hugely employed in the selective laser melting (SLM) mechanism due to their fabricability [1]. However, AlSi12 alloy still has many disadvantages such as a high content level of silicon and being weaker and susceptible to wear, tear, and thermal expansion [2]. To break the bottleneck, new manufacturing techniques like selective laser melting have been developed [3]. SLM is the mostly utilized technique for AlSi12 material. In this additive manufacturing process, metal powder is melted via a laser. The laser passes over the powder, forming a solid object one layer at a time. During selective laser melting, the AlSi12 alloy goes through rapid melting and solidification cycles. These cycles allow for grain refining, which is necessary for producing a strong alloy. The SLM method enables the creation of almost completely dense materials. This is crucial for reducing porosity and improving the mechanical features of the alloy. The SLM process includes layering the AlSi12 alloy. This can result in direction-dependent mechanical characteristics. This attribute can vary along and perpendicular to the building's direction [2]. A recent review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminum alloy powders found that processing parameters, powder properties, and the type of laser used do contribute to the densification of the produced part. [PERSON] et al. [4] investigated a multi-component reinforced aluminum-based metal matrix composite produced in situ by SLS process. Laserpower, layer thickness, scanning speed, powder combination, and scanning speed were varied to optimize the parameters and achieve components with higher density and lower porosity. Their results revealed that the density of the component is mainly influenced by the scan spacing layer thickness and composition, while scan spacing, laser power, and layer thickness are the parameters of importance that influence the porosity. On the other hand, According to [PERSON] et al. [5], the porosity development in the AlSi10 Mg alloy structures treated by SLM is significantly influenced by laser power, scan speed, and the interplay between scan speed and scan spacing. In the work by [PERSON] et al. [6], the density of a part was decreased by using a constant laser power of 240 W, with an increase in hatch spacing. It was discovered that the statement made by [PERSON] et al. [6] (that densification improves with increasing laser power and with decreasing scan speed) was also valid for other materials using SLM. In fact, scanning speed had a bigger impact on the mechanical qualities and microstructure of the produced components than hatch spacing or powder layer thickness [7]. [PERSON] et al. [8] used the SLM approach to create 2205 samples with a densification of 98.6% by optimizing the scanning speed range. [PERSON] et al. [9] discovered a considerable rise in the SLM 2507 material's Vickers hardness as the scanning speed was reduced. In the investigation of the impact of scanning speed on the mechanical and microstructure characteristics of SLM-formed Inconel 718 specimens, [PERSON] et al. [10] discovered that the grain size could be influenced by the high laser scanning speeds, thereby lessening the mechanical properties' anisotropy and decreasing the intensity of the \(<\)001\(>\) texture. [PERSON] et al. [11] studied the 316 L samples, which had an overall elongation to failure of 55% and good ductility. It was found that reduced scanning speed removed melting pool borders and remaining pores, which resulted in excellent ductility of the samples. To minimize porosity, numerous research have optimized the SLM parameters for various materials.