# Role of Nutribiotics in Skin Care
## 5 Nutribiotics: An Opportunity to Improve Skin Health
### Aging and Photoaging  
Since [PERSON] proposed that all microorganisms are not harmful and that several intestinal bacteria \"produce useful substances against a premature aging\", favoring instead a \"healthy aging\" [11], several studies were carried out to investigate the effects of oral probiotic supplementation on skin aging and photoaging [244]. Thus, protection and recovery from sunburn have been one of the first research objectives of probiotics for the skin. These first studies were carried out with fractions of bifidobacteria applied to the skin, with contradictory results [245]. The oral administration of _Lactobacillus jolnsonii_ (La1) at \(10^{8}\) CFU/day for 10 days protected against the UVR-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity, increasing IL-10 serum levels and decreasing epidermal Langerhans cell density [246]. Additionally, another study demonstrated that _Lactobacillus sakei_ lipoteichoic acid inhibited MMP-1 induced by UVA in normal human dermal fibroblasts [247]. [PERSON] et al. [248] evaluated the effect of _Lactobacillus plantarum_ HY7714 against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts and hairless mice. The results showedthat treatment with _L. plantarum_ HY7714 effectively recovered UVB-reduced procollagen expression by inhibiting UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the oral supplementation of _L. plantarum_ HY7714 showed an inhibition of the number and depth of wrinkles in hairless mouse skin and also was able to inhibit UVB-induced epidermal thickness in mice. In addition, zymography western blot data also demonstrated that _L. plantarum_ HY7714 effectively inhibited MMP-13 expression as well as MMP-2 and -9 activities in dermal tissue [248]. Additionally, a randomized double-blind clinical trial demonstrated the antiaging effect of the oral administration of _L. plantarum_ HY7714 (10\({}^{10}\) CFU/day for 12 weeks), with a significant improvement in the hydration, shine, and elasticity of the skin and also in the reduction in the depth of wrinkles [163]. [PERSON] et al. [246] showed that oral supplementation with _Lactobacillus jolnsoniii_ at 10\({}^{8}\) CFU/day for 10 days was able to protect against the UVR-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity, decreased epidermal Langerhans cell density, and increased IL-10 serum levels. Furthermore, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial, the oral administration of _Lactobacillus jolnsoniii_ La-1 demonstrated a restoration of CD1a Langerhans cell markers compared to placebo on day 4 after UV irradiation [164]. [PERSON] et al. [249] investigated the effect of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from _Lactobacillus rhammosus_ GG against UV-induced carcinogenesis in hairless mice. The results showed that T-cells in the inguinal lymph node of LTA-treated mice produced higher levels of interferongamma in lymph nodes and numbers of total, helper, and cytotoxic T-cells compared to controls. A delay in tumors induced by ultraviolet radiation was also found. Other studies confirmed the use of _Lactobacillus_ to prevent aging. Tyndallized _Lactobacillus acidophilus_ was shown to suppress matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for wrinkle prevention in photoaged skin through the inhibition of elastase activity [250,251] and also exerted anti-mendogenesis activity by inhibiting the cAMP pathway and suppressing melanin secretion [251]. _Bifidobacterium breve_ strain Yakult (BBY) was also investigated in hairless mice and was shown to be able to suppress UV-induced elastase and IL-1 beta production and prevent the loss in elasticity associated with exposure to UV [252]. Similar studies demonstrated that the administration of _Bifidobacterium breve_ B-3 to hairless mice suppressed changes in transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, and epidermal thickening and reduced damage to the basement membrane and tight junction structure induced by chronic UVB irradiation, showing a protective effect on skin photoaging [253].