## 3 Results
### Within-Group Effect  
Within-group comparison for SPADI score revealed that there was a significant decrease in post-treatment measurements in both groups (\(p\) < 0.001), while for shoulder flexion and abduction ROM revealed that there was a significant increase post-treatment in both groups (\(p\) < 0.05) except flexion ROM in group A (\(p\) > 0.05) as shown in Table 2.  
The results of the present study showed significant increase in FBG and PPBG at post-treatment measurements in group A (\(p\) < 0.001), with a greater increase at 3-month post-treatment measurement, with mean values of 196.9 \(\pm\) 25.49, 286.7 \(\pm\) 33.74 for FBG, PPBG, respectively. Additionally, as shown in Table 2, there was a significant increase in HbA1c after 3 months, with mean values of 6.53 \(\pm\) 0.85 vs. 8.71 \(\pm\) 1.01, (\(p\) < 0.001), at baseline and after 3 months, respectively. Regarding FBG and PPBG in Group B, the results found that the post-treatment measurements for FBG and PPBG decreased significantly only with \(p\) value \(p\) = 0.03 for FBG and \(p\) < 0.001, respectively, for PPBG as shown on Table 3, while in Group B, this study detected significant differences in HbA1c between the pretreatmentpre and post-treatment measurements (\(p\) > 0.21) as shown in Table 4. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Outcome Variables** & **Group A (\(n\) = 24)** & **Group B (\(n\) = 24)** & **MD(95\%CI)** & \(p\)**-Value ** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{SPADI Score} & _post 1 month_ & \(7.33\pm 1.03\) & \(7.04\pm 0.86\) & 0.29 (\(-0.26\), 0.84) & 0.29 \\  & _post 2 months_ & \(6.23\pm 1.13\) & \(4.23\pm 1.2\) & 2.0 (\(1.32\), 2.67) & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & _post 3 months_ & \(4.77\pm 1.34\) & \(1.98\pm 0.74\) & 2.79 (\(2.16\), 3.42) & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Shoulder Flexion**} & _Post 1 month_ & \(66.67\pm 15.23\) & \(113.8\pm 19.85\) & \(-47.1\) (\(-57.4\), \(-36.8\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & _Post 2 months_ & \(74.38\pm 18.32\) & \(136.3\pm 18.31\) & \(-61.9\) (\(-72.5\), \(-51.2\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & _Post 3 months_ & \(91.67\pm 21.2\) & \(151.7\pm 8.93\) & \(-60.0\) (\(-69.5\), \(-50.5\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Shoulder Abduction**} & _Post 1 month_ & \(51.25\pm 7.41\) & \(67.5\pm 13.19\) & \(-16.3\) (\(-22.5\), \(-10.0\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & _Post 2 months_ & \(56.67\pm 6.86\) & \(82.5\pm 15.46\) & \(-25.8\) (\(-32.8\), \(-18.9\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & _Post 3 months_ & \(62.21\pm 12.47\) & \(101.5\pm 15.78\) & \(-63.3\) (\(-44.5\), \(-28.0\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**FBG (mg/dL)**} & _Post 1 month_ & \(148.1\pm 22.93\) & \(146.5\pm 14.56\) & 1.67 (\(-9.49\), 12.83) & 0.77 \\  & _Post 2 months_ & \(181.3\pm 23.6\) & \(142.5\pm 12.94\) & 38.75 (\(27.69\), 49.81) & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & _Post 3 months_ & \(196.9\pm 25.49\) & \(136.7\pm 28.92\) & 60.21 (\(44.37\), \(76.05\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**PPBG (mg/dL)**} & _Post 1 month_ & \(201.7\pm 23.48\) & \(213.8\pm 24.99\) & \(-12.1\) (\(-26.2\), 2.01) & 0.09 \\  & _Post 2 months_ & \(252.5\pm 19.39\) & \(209.8\pm 22.48\) & 42.71 (\(30.51\), \(54.91\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & _Post 3 months_ & \(286.7\pm 33.74\) & \(195\pm 8.20.78\) & 90.83 (\(74.55\), \(107.1\)) & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**HbA1C (mg/dL)**} & _Post 3 months_ & \(8.71\pm 1.01\) & \(6.91\pm 0.66\) & 1.8 (\(1.3\), 2.29) & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Primary and Secondary Outcomes Data for 1-, 2-, and 3-months Follow-Up in Both Groups of the Study *.