## 2 Background
### Machine Translaters
ALIA [34] is an artificial intelligence tool developed by the Government of Spain in collaboration with the Barcelona Supercomputing Center. It is distinguished by its specialization in natural language processing for Spanish and the country's co-official languages, offering open-source models accessible to the research community and for application development. Notable models within the ALIA framework include ALIA-40B, a model comprising 40 billion parameters trained on 6.9 trillion tokens, designed for advanced text generation tasks; Salamandra-7B, an optimized model with 7 billion parameters trained from scratch on 12.875 trillion tokens; and Salamandra-2B, a lightweight model with 2 billion parameters trained on 12.9 trillion tokens. The tool accepts text as its input format and generates output in plain text. Although it does not support the integration of customized corpora for specialized translations, its open-source nature facilitates external modifications and adaptations. Deep-Translator [35] is an open-source translation tool renowned for its flexibility, accessibility, and unrestricted usage. Designed to streamline translation between multiple languages, it enables the utilization of various translation services through a unified interface, enhancing both versatility and ease of access. Among the supported translation services are Google Translate, Microsoft Translate, Pons Translator, Linguee Translator, MyMemory Translator, Yandex Translator, Qcri Translator, DeepL Translator, LibreTranslate, and ChatGPT. OpenNMT [36] is an open-source neural machine translation platform that facilitates the training and deployment of neural network-based translation models. Originally developed in Lua and later ported to PyTorch, OpenNMT is recognized for its adaptability to various natural language processing requirements. However, the OpenNMT-py repository [36] is no longer under active development. Instead, the research team has introduced a new project, Eole [37], which extends and enhances the capabilities of OpenNMT-py. THUMT [38] is an open-source neural machine translation toolkit developed by the Natural Language Processing Group at Tsinghua University. It is designed to facilitate research and development in neural network-based machine translation systems. The toolkit has evolved to support multiple machine learning frameworks, including PyTorch, TensorFlow, and Theano, although the latter is no longer actively maintained. DeepSeek R1 [39] is a large language model developed by DeepSeek, released in January 2025. It represents an improved iteration of DeepSeek V3, which was trained with 671 billion parameters and 14.8 trillion tokens, utilizing approximately 2.788 million GPU hours. DeepSeek R1 emphasizes enhanced reasoning capabilities achieved through reinforcement learning. While it does not support multitasking, it provides API access for automation and integration into various applications. The model accepts text input and generates outputs in both text and JSON formats. While direct modifications are not permitted, the model supports fine-tuning for specialized tasks. DeepSeek R1 operates exclusively online and is categorized as a generalist AI model, receiving periodic updates to enhance its performance. Grok-3 [40] is a language model developed by xAI, the artificial intelligence company founded by [PERSON]. Released in February 2025, it was trained using computational resources ten times greater than those employed for its predecessor, Grok-2, leveraging approximately 200,000 GPUs housed within the Colossus data center. Grok-3 demonstrates exceptional proficiency in mathematical and scientific reasoning, surpassing models such as GPT-4o and DeepSeek R1 in multiple benchmark evaluations. It supports multitasking and offers API access for automation. The model processes text input and delivers output in text and JSON formats. While direct modifications are not permitted, some customization options are available.