## 2 Research Background and Related Work
### New Proposed Cyberattack Prevention Factors
#### 2.5.3 Cybersecurity Leadership Role and Impact  
In recent years, cybersecurity leadership was rarely highlighted in the research as an essential part of organization culture. This is because cybersecurity concerns were limited to certain technical people in the organization. Moreover, people inside the organization deal with cybersecurity as a technological issue [18]. However, with dramatic advancements in ICT, internet, knowledge of social engineering and their applications, cybersecurity is no longer solely a technological matter. Therefore, cybersecurity issues are no longer limited to technical measures to be followed in the organizations that involve users' sensitive financial \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Cyberattack** & **Definition** & **Impacts on Organization** & **References** \\ \hline Organization frequent training & Cybersecurity training that assists workers to protect themselves and the organization from cyberattacks and threats. & Enhancing service efficiency and effectiveness in sustaining long-term viability in preventing cyber-attacks and threats. & [73; 74; 75] \\ \hline Government frequent alerting & The government provides an assortment of data for clients in cyberattacks and alerts them. & Increase competitiveness capability in government that obtains knowledge on the cyberattacks and threats. & [76; 77; 78] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Cyberattack prevention; new proposed and emerged factors. information and data transactions [79; 80]. We believe that cybersecurity is a sociotechnical issue and in some cases, irresponsible human related behavioral factors often represent the most breakable link in the chain in the organization that deter creating a safe digital environment. In other words, \"cybersecurity is no longer the concern of just the IT department. Within organizations, it needs to be everyone's business including the organization leaders and top management\" [81]. Cybersecurity is now an essential matter in every organization, not only those that are involved in money transactions, but also sensitive information flow, and leveraging cybersecurity awareness should be the responsibility of the organizations' top-level managers and leaders. Given that, cybersecurity leadership was defined in some previous studies as the role of organization leaders in mitigating risk and preventing organizational exposure to cyberattacks by leveraging cybersecurity awareness through setting, measuring and evaluating cybersecurity goals, strategies and policies within the organization [81; 82; 83]. As an authors of this research, we try to introduce the concept of cybersecurity leadership in a more simple and comprehensive way as the capability of organization's top-level managers to enculture cybersecurity awareness, technical skills and practical knowledge in the employees' mindset through setting, monitoring and evaluating some cybersecurity leadership indicators and components. Essential parts of these cybersecurity leadership components as shown in Table 4: first, setting the cybersecurity goal and strategy; second, positioning the cybersecurity functions; and third, implementing and evaluating the cybersecurity activity. Cybersecurity leadership must take stronger and essential influential leadership positions inside their organizations during crisis conditions [84]. Additionally, cybersecurity leadership needs to be exceptional with basic information on arising patterns in cybercrime and the cybersecurity climate. Cybersecurity leadership plays a mediating role in risk exposure awareness that identifies continuity planning within the organization. Numerous businesses are battling to build cybersecurity as a proactive piece of their day-to-day activity [55]. The financial organization has been a popular target for cybercriminals for a long time. According to [PERSON] (2019), in the past years alone, financial organizations suffered more than 1509 incidents with 184 confirmed data disclosures [85].