## 3 Results  
### Case Studies in the Spanish Market  
The film and audiovisual market in Spain has experienced significant growth, propelling the country to the sixth rank globally for exporting movies, music, and series. The contributing factors include qualified professionals, state-of-the-art technology, diverse filming locations, and tax incentives. In 2020 and 2021, revenues from fictional series productions amounted to almost EUR 4.3 billion, generating approximately 72 series, 18,443 jobs, and EUR 264 million in tax revenue. The \"Spain AVS Hub\" plan aims to make Spain the main European audiovisual hub by 2025, with a public investment of EUR 1.6 billion, targeting a 30% increase in film, series, shorts, advertising, videogames, and animation production [54; 55]. Spain is evolving into an international hub for films and series, necessitating an understanding of how virtual production is being implemented in the Spanish market. To explore this, four interviews were conducted with production-proven professionals experienced in Virtual Production (VPX). Q1--What is Virtual Production? Virtual production serves as a pivotal method for bridging the gap between post-production and pre-production, intertwining these two cinematic realms [36]. Through effective pre-production employing Virtual Production (VPX), a film crew can streamline the shooting process across multiple locations, enhancing the narrative compared to traditional production methods. Within a virtual production studio, locations can be seamlessly altered with a simple click, allowing for rapid transitions. The lighting of live-action scenes harmonizes with LED wall backdrops, or it can be aligned using the appropriate lighting setup and laser projectors in a greenscreen backdrop scenario, with the final composite image continuously visible on monitors in real time. In VPX pre-production, cameras, lights,and actors can be staged in a virtual setting, establishing the movie's mood and efficiently conveying that information to the entire crew without the need to capture any frames. This synergy empowers directors and film crews to adapt and explore improvements to the story, iterating the original idea when necessary, especially post-pandemic, where filmmakers have adjusted their approaches to comply with restrictions and safety measures. Virtual production allows for the application of digitized physical locations in a controlled environment, such as a TV set [49]. This significantly reduces post-production efforts, as elements like chroma keys are replaced by expansive screens, resulting in recordings that closely resemble the final shot [52]. Budget constraints, travel restrictions, or logistics may force directors or producers to cut scenes, potentially compromising the narrative. However, with VPX, the cast and crew can virtually transport to any location worldwide without leaving the studio [52]. A major challenge lies in integrating a 3D backdrop with an actor on a green screen. A Director of Photography (DOP) can experiment with lighting in various ways, but the traditional process entails waiting for days, weeks, or even months to see the final shot and discover that the two worlds do not align. In traditional shooting, an experienced crew can handle one or two locations a day. In contrast, a virtual production pipeline can manage six or more locations, significantly reducing shooting time [52]. In some instances, a VFA supervisor on set can provide guidance to the director or DOP for a more accurate scenario in postproduction. In VPX, the DOP can adjust lights as many times as necessary, observing real-time results, either as an in-camera final using LED walls or as real-time compositing with a green screen to achieve a flawless composite shot. All assets used in previz and during shooting can be reused in post-production as references for final assets [36]. Real-time composition offers creative freedom and various benefits, including cost and scheduling efficiency, providing a profound understanding of the production [39].