## 4 Discussion  
The use of LiDAR technology led to the mapping and documentation of the building. The measurements needed to create the 3D models were collected quickly and with centimeter-level accuracy. Thanks to these data, the investigation team had a better understanding of the appearance of the building and its relationship to its surroundings. By creating complex 3D models of the heritage building's exterior, degraded areas were identified to track the structural health of the built elements. The models were used to assess local damage or indicators of decay and subsequently highlight areas for sampling analyzed in laboratory research. Figure 14: Distribution of CO\({}_{2}\)/H\({}_{2}\)O ratio values as a function of %CO\({}_{2}\) released during thermal treatment of investigated mortars in Section 3.1 with values presented in Table 4. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Temperature Interval (\({}^{\circ}\)C)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total Mass Loss**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\Delta\)**H**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**t**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ratio**} \\  & **35–625** & **625–900** & & & (\%) & (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & **CO\({}_{2}\)/H\({}_{2}\)O** \\ \hline
1 & 2.44 & 16.43 & 18.87 & \(-258.1\) & 764.0 & **6.73** \\
2a & 2.53 & 10.36 & 12.89 & \(-190.3\) & 752.2 & **4.09** \\
2b & 2.67 & 10.66 & 13.33 & \(-218.2\) & 722.5 & **3.99** \\
3 & 4.55 & 11.88 & 16.43 & \(-183.4\) & 734.3 & **2.61** \\
4 & 3.61 & 10.82 & 14.43 & \(-196.8\) & 711.7 & **3** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Thermal parameters for the investigated mortar samples. The researchers produced complex 3D models of the structure, which were subsequently used to develop conservation and restoration solutions. Furthermore, the 3D models generated by LiDAR will be used in the next stage to direct and evaluate the restoration project, thus achieving the accuracy necessary to respect the original design and construction methods. During the visual inspection of the building, the following types of degradation were identified: the disintegration of the mortar joints, erosion of surface mortars, degradation of structural walls (horizontal and vertical cracks with openings that may jeopardize the stability of the element under vertical loads, sliding between brick layers, disintegration of the section at the base of the element, large lateral displacements accompanied by the collapse of the edge masonry areas), as well as degradation of non-structural walls (horizontal and vertical cracks with openings that may jeopardize the stability of the element under vertical loads, visible displacements in plane or perpendicular to plane, bricks crushed at the corners of the element over large areas, step-like fractures in most of the joints, visible displacements and rotations along the shear plane, large lateral displacements accompanied by the collapse of the edge masonry areas). Excessive moisture, combined with the presence of natural salts, led to the depletion of the binder in the connecting mortars, thus drastically reducing the load-bearing capacity of the masonry. Analyzing the information from Table 5 and Figure 13, two distinct groups of mortars could be identified. One group consisted of four typical lime mortars with less than 3% chemically bound water in the hydraulic components, formed by Samples 2a, 2b, 3, and 4. This group corresponds to the area plotted on the abscissa in %CO2 values ranging from 10% to 12%, and CO2/H2O ratios between 2 and 4. It can be inferred that these were original mortars dating back to the construction period. The fifth mortar sample, Sample 1, could be considered a hydraulic masonry mortar. It had more than 3.5% chemically bound water in the hydraulic components, with an area plotted on the abscissa in %CO2 around 17%, and a CO2/H2O ratio of 6.73. This was most likely due to advanced carbonation and deterioration over time of the mortar exposed on the facade.