# Conscious Inhalation Sedation with Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen in Children: A Retrospective Study
## 4 Discussion  
Dealing with children who suffer from dental anxiety plays a crucial role in pediatric dentistry. Given the special conditions that characterize childhood, finding therapeutic approaches that increase the child's confidence in his or her own denti and reduce feelings of insecurity about all dental procedures is an important first step toward appropriate \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Gender**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Age Range**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Venham Score** & **Female** & **Male** & \(p\)**-Value** & **4–6** & **7–10** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{T0} & 0 (Relaxed) & 50 (28.6\%) & 63 (32.1\%) & 0.922 & 45 (20.6\%) & 68 (44.4\%) & \textless{}0.001 \\  & 1 (Uneasy) & 39 (22.3\%) & 43 (21.9\%) & & 50 (22.9\%) & 32 (20.9\%) & \\  & 2 (Tense) & 37 (21.1\%) & 38 (19.4\%) & & 53 (24.3\%) & 22 (14.4\%) & \\  & 3 (Reluctant) & 20 (11.4\%) & 24 (12.2\%) & & 30 (13.8\%) & 14 (9.2\%) & \\  & 4 (Interference) & 17 (9.7\%) & 19 (9.7\%) & & 24 (11.0\%) & 12 (7.8\%) & \\  & 5 (Out of contact) & 12 (6.9\%) & 9 (4.6\%) & & 16 (7.3\%) & 5 (3.3\%) & \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{T1} & 0 (Relaxed) & 119 (68.0\%) & 139 (70.9\%) & 0.978 & 143 (65.6\%) & 115 (75.2\%) & 0.024 \\  & 1 (Uneasy) & 16 (9.1\%) & 18 (9.2\%) & & 22 (10.1\%) & 12 (7.8\%) & \\  & 2 (Tense) & 15 (8.6\%) & 15 (7.7\%) & & 14 (6.4\%) & 16 (10.5\%) & \\  & 3 (Reluctant) & 11 (6.3\%) & 12 (6.1\%) & & 17 (7.8\%) & 6 (3.9\%) & \\  & 4 (Interference) & 8 (4.6\%) & 6 (3.1\%) & & 12 (5.5\%) & 2 (1.3\%) & \\  & 5 (Out of contact) & 6 (3.4\%) & 6 (3.1\%) & & 10 (4.6\%) & 2 (1.3\%) & \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{T2} & 0 (Relaxed) & 112 (64.0\%) & 128 (65.3\%) & 0.837 & 125 (57.3\%) & 115 (75.2\%) & 0.002 \\  & 1 (Uneasy) & 20 (11.4\%) & 20 (10.2\%) & & 31 (14.2\%) & 9 (5.9\%) & \\  & 2 (Tense) & 12 (6.9\%) & 18 (9.2\%) & & 18 (8.3\%) & 12 (7.8\%) & \\  & 3 (Reluctant) & 12 (6.9\%) & 13 (6.6\%) & & 15 (6.9\%) & 10 (6.5\%) & \\  & 4 (Interference) & 14 (8.0\%) & 10 (5.1\%) & & 18 (8.3\%) & 6 (3.9\%) & \\  & 5 (Out of contact) & 5 (2.9\%) & 7 (3.6\%) & & 11 (5.0\%) & 1 (0.7\%) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: [PERSON] score per age range and gender. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Total** & **Male** & **Female** & \(p\)**-Value** & **4–6 Years** & **7–10 Years** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline No side effect & 361 (97.3\%) & 190 (96.9\%) & 171 (97.7\%) & 0.664 & 212 (97.3\%) & 149 (97.4\%) & 0.680 \\ Nausea or vomiting & 3 (0.8\%) & 1 (0.5\%) & 2 (1.1\%) & & 1 (0.5\%) & 2 (1.3\%) & \\ Asthma or cough & 1 (0.3\%) & 1 (0.5\%) & 0 (0.0\%) & & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (0.7\%) & \\ Headache & 3 (0.8\%) & 2 (1.0\%) & 1 (0.6\%) & & 2 (0.9\%) & 1 (0.7\%) & \\ Hyperexcitability & 1 (0.3\%) & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (0.6\%) & & 1 (0.5\%) & 0 (0.0\%) & \\ Sleepiness & 2 (0.5\%) & 2 (1.0\%) & 0 (0.0\%) & & 2 (0.9\%) & 0 (0.0\%) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 5: Side effects within 48 h after dental treatment. management of the child's own healthcare. According to a recent study examining the potential reduction in the need for general anesthesia in 228 precooperative or anxious patients aged 3 to 12 years, nitrous oxide sedation combined with behavioral management techniques can play a critical role in invasive dental procedures and could be considered a reliable alternative to general anesthesia [39]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of N2O/O2 sedation in a sample of children aged 4-10 years who required conservative treatment of deciduous teeth. Throughout the observation period, a statistically and clinically significant improvement in Venham score from baseline was observed, with a strong relaxation and a strong reduction in anxiety and fear because of the analgesic and anxiolytic effects of N2O sedation, which led to a reduction or elimination of pain, anxiety, and discomfort, although local anesthesia was not performed.