# Mining of Potential Gene Resources for Breeding Nutritionally Improved Maize
## 3 Identification of Maize Potential Gene Resources for Oil Content Improvement
The TAG synthesis pathway and key enzymes are shown in Figure 2. Sixty-one homologous genes involved in TAG synthesis were identified from the maize genome (Table 2). Figure 2: Schematic representation of the TAG biosynthetic pathway in plants. (GAPC, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PEPC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; GPDH, Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate; A-CoA, acetyl-CoA; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; DGAT, diacylglycerol acyltransferase; PC, phatidylcholine; PDAT, phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase; TAG, triacylglycerol). Dash lines represent transmembrane transport. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Genes** & **Protein Function** & **Maize Orthologs** & **Gene ID** & **Strategy** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_GAPC_} & glyceroldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase & _GPC1_ & _Zm00001 eb173410_ & & \\  & glyceraldehyde-3- & _GPC2_ & _Zm00001 eb261430_ & & \\  & phosphate dehydrogenase & _GPC3_ & _Zm00001 eb184000_ & & \\  & dehydrogenase & _GPC4_ & _Zm00001 eb246370_ & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_PEPC2_} & phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase & _PEP1_ & _Zm00001 eb383680_ & knockout & [26] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_GPDH_} & GPDH1 & _Zm00001 eb141610_ & & \\  & GPDH2 & _Zm00001 eb369390_ & & \\  & glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase & _GPDH3_ & _Zm00001 eb352530_ & & \\  & dehydrogenase & _GPDH4_ & _Zm00001 eb139850_ & & \\  & & _GPDH5_ & _Zm00001 eb303710_ & & \\  & & _GPDH6_ & _Zm00001 eb419210_ & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_ACCI_} & & _ACC1_ & _Zm00001 eb419400_ & & \\  & acetyl-CoA carboxylase & _ACC1_ & _Zm00001 eb086560_ & & \\  & acetyl-CoA carboxylase & _ACC2_ & _Zm00001 eb223980_ & & \\  & & _TIDP3607_ & _Zm00001 eb028920_ & & \\  & & _Zm00001 eb189990_ & & & \\  & & _Zm00001 eb367400_ & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_GPAT9_} & glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase & _GPAT14_ & _Zm00001 eb396350_ & & \\  & acyltransferase & _GPAT19_ & _Zm00001 eb323170_ & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_DGAT1_} & diacylglycerololcerol acyltransferase & _LN1_ & _Zm00001 eb277490_ & & \\  & acyltransferase & _DGAT12_ & _Zm00001 eb284200_ & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_PDDAT_} & phospholipid & & _Zm00001 eb100310_ & & \\  & diacylglycerolol glycerol & _PZA01735_ & _Zm00001 eb118700_ & & \\  & acyltransferase & _TIDP3675_ & _Zm00001 eb148010_ & & \\  & acyltransferase & & _Zm00001 eb331670_ & & \\  & & _Zm00001 eb342120_ & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_MYB89_} & transcription factor & _MYB136_ & _Zm00001 eb128770_ & knockout & [32] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_MYB96_} & & _FDL1_ & _Zm00001 eb328280_ & & \\  & & _MYB33_ & _Zm00001 eb041330_ & & \\  & & _MYB35_ & _Zm00001 eb099570_ & & \\  & & _MYB52_ & _Zm00001 eb392230_ & & \\  & & _MYB70_ & _Zm00001 eb109860_ & & \\  & & _MYB83_ & _Zm00001 eb41320_ & & \\  & & _MYB162_ & _Zm00001 eb31260_ & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_LEC1_} & transcription factor & _LEC1_ & _Zm00001 eb253260_ & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_LEC2_} & transcription factor & _ABI19_ & _Zm00001 eb361390_ & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_GL2_} & transcription factor & _OCL1_ & _Zm00001 eb126140_ & knockout & [38; 39] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_FUS3_} & transcription factor & _ABI19_ & _Zm00001 eb361390_ & overexpression & [40] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_HB2_} & transcription factor & _HB2_ & _Zm00001 eb293010_ & overexpression & [41] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_FAX1_} & & _Zm00001 eb301150_ & & \\  & carrier protein & _FAX1_ & _Zm00001 eb379540_ & & \\  & & _ZIM25_ & _Zm00001e317650_ & & \\  & & _Zm0001 eb424650_ & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_ABCA9_} & carrier protein & & _Zm00001 eb042110_ & overexpression & [49] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_OLE_} & & _OLE1_ & _Zm00001 eb074940_ & & \\  & delta-9 desaturase & _OLE3_ & _Zm00001 eb216880_ & & \\  & & _OLE4_ & _Zm00001 eb053890_ & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: List of potential gene resources for enhancing lipid yield in maize.