# Analyzing the Alignment between AI Curriculum and AI Textbooks through Text Mining
## 1 Introduction  
In the era of digital transformation, computational thinking, artificial intelligence (AI) knowledge, and digital literacy are recognized as core competencies for students and professionals. Informatics education plays a crucial role in strengthening basic competencies in the computing field and cultivating essential individual capabilities in the modern world [1; 2; 3]. As a result of the social changes induced by the data revolution and the advances in computing technology, the AI field, in particular, has been increasingly incorporated into the educational systems of several countries worldwide. AI traces its roots back to the 1950s but has truly flourished over the past 13 years, alongside related computing fields like robotics [4]. Notably, there has been a growing focus on developing and reinforcing AI curricula in various organizations and countries, including the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)/IEEE, UNESCO, the United States, India, China, and Korea [4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10]. The ACM introduced the Computing Curricula 2020 (CC 2020), which includes data science as a computing field and incorporates AI-related content within three of the eleven data science knowledge areas -- artificial intelligence, data mining, and machine learning -- and theAI body of knowledge within one of the eleven computer science field areas\(-\)intelligent systems [4; 5; 6]. Regarding the K-12 standard curriculum, UNESCO published a K-12 AI Curriculum founded on competency-based education [3]. Additionally, the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) and the Computer Science Teacher Association (CSTA) jointly launched the AI for K-12 Students (AI4K12) initiative and introduced K-12 AI Guidelines based on the 5 big ideas for AI education [7]. At the national level, the CBSE of India has designated AI as a skill subject for senior secondary levels XI and XII [8], whereas China has implemented a mandatory elective module for high school students, titled \"Preliminary Artificial Intelligence\" (\"). In 2020, Korea established \"Introduction to AI\" as a career elective subject in high schools, leading to the development of eight types of \"Introduction to AI\" textbooks [10]. Curricula can be classified into two categories: national-level curriculum systems, in which curricula are developed and evaluated by the national government; and localized curriculum systems, in which curricula are structured by local governments or individual schools [11; 12]. In K-12 education, school curricula are realized through textbooks, i.e., textbooks serve as the primary learning materials through which students engage with educational content in both national-level and localized curriculum systems. Consequently, textbooks constitute important indicators that guide teachers in the design of teaching and learning strategies. Research on textbook analysis has adopted diverse approaches that involve multiple analysis and data consistency perspectives depending on the research objectives and academic characteristics of the subject. Studies have explored textbooks from a \"knowledge perspective\", analyzing the discipline or subject matter addressed in the content, as well as from a \"social perspective\", examining how educational content reflects social issues or cultural and historical changes. Most studies have focused on analyzing the textual content of textbooks. In cases where textbooks are developed and supplied based on a national-level curriculum system, the studies investigated the changes in content between textbooks published after different curriculum revisions. Previous research has employed various analysis methods, including \"semantic analysis through content analysis\", \"statistical analysis\", and \"mixed methods research\". Applying information technology to textbook data opens new perspectives for fundamental questions in educational research. Consequently, text mining has emerged as an effective tool for analyzing textbooks.