## 5 Discussion  
GWO has been used to minimize the amount of power loss in power systems. Most previous work has relied on the reconfiguration of the IEEE 33- and IEEE 69-bus radial distribution systems. However, due to their widespread use in power systems, some work has focused on using PV DGs during the reconfiguration process using the IEEE 33- and IEEE 69-bus systems. Optimal allocations and sizes of PVs and wind turbines (WTs) are presented in Table 1. In this section, we present the optimal data of the IEEE 33-bus systems in Tables 2-5 [1]. Furthermore, we present the optimal data regarding IEEE 69-bus systems in Tables 6-9 [1]. The device is being used to test and compare the many kinds of DGunits. This is accomplished via the use of the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution scheme (RDS). Configuring the electric power distribution system is a critical activity for improving the efficiency of electric power distribution networks and should not be disregarded. As the reconfiguration problem has discrete choice variables in it, it is sometimes thought of as a hard combinatorial optimization problem. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Case** & **No of DGs** & **PV1 Size (kW)** & **WT2 Size (kW)** & **WT3 Size (kW)** & **WT4 Size (kW)** \\ \hline
1 & 1 & 1000 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
2 & 2 & 1000 & 456 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
3 & 1 & 1000 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
4 & 2 & 441 & 1000 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
5 & 3 & 418 & 659 & 708 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
6 & 2 & 717 & 460 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
7 & 3 & 718 & 434 & 589 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
8 & 4 & 513 & 517 & 411 & 338 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Optimal wind turbine (WT) DG sizes for the IEEE 33-bus test system using GWO. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Case** & **No of DGs** & **PV1 Size (kW)** & **PV2 Size (kW)** & **PV3 Size (kW)** & **PV4 Size (kW)** \\ \hline
2 & 1 & 1000 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
3 & 2 & 31 & 14 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
4 & 2 & 31 & 25 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
5 & 2 & 6 & 19 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
6 & 3 & 25 & 7 & 17 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
7 & 3 & 32 & 7 & 11 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
8 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 30 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Optimal photovoltaic (PV) DG locations for the IEEE 33-bus test system using GWO. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Case** & **No of DGs** & **PV1 Size (kW)** & **PV2 Size (kW)** & **PV3 Size (kW)** & **PV4 Size (kW)** \\ \hline
2 & 1 & 1000 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
3 & 2 & 31 & 14 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
4 & 2 & 31 & 25 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
5 & 2 & 6 & 19 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
6 & 3 & 25 & 7 & 17 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
7 & 3 & 32 & 7 & 11 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
8 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 30 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Optimal photovoltaic (PV) DG sizes for the IEEE 33-bus test system using GWO. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Case** & **No of DGs** & **WT1 Size (kW)** & **WT2 Size (kW)** & **WT3 Size (kW)** & **WT4 Size (kW)** \\ \hline
1 & 1 & 1000 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
2 & 2 & 1000 & 456 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
3 & 1 & 1000 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
4 & 2 & 441 & 1000 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
5 & 3 & 418 & 659 & 708 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
6 & 2 & 717 & 460 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
7 & 3 & 718 & 434 & 589 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\
8 & 4 & 513 & 517 & 411 & 338 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}