## 2 Research Background and Related Work
### Types and Classification of Cyberattacks  
Cyberattacks are becoming widespread in the realm of technology today. Criminals attack internet users' information for their advantage. They are signed into the dark web to buy and sell illicit things and services [26]. Cybercriminals also have access to classified government data. Cyberattacks are rapidly high impacting, costing businesses and individuals billions of dollars annually [27]. Cyberattack targets organizations and individuals, where the attackers usually target businesses for straight financial benefit or to sabotage or undermine operations. They select individuals as a significant part of large-scale scans, or to deal with their devices and use them as a stage for criminal activity, as shown in Table 1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cyberattack Category** & **Types of Cyberattack** & **Classifying** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Target networks or devices} & \multirow{3}{*}{Malware} & \begin{tabular}{c} Comprised of code created by cyber-attackes, intended to make broad harm to \\ information and systems or to increase unauthorized access to a system through \\ delivery as a connection or document over email and it is vital for the client to tap on \\ the connection or open the record to execute the malware. \\ \end{tabular} & [4, 28] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \multirow{3}{*}{Viruses} & \begin{tabular}{c} Computer programs that join themselves to or contaminate a system or documents and \\ tend to move to other computers on a system by disrupting the computer activity and \\ influencing the information stored by changing it or by erasing it. \\ \end{tabular} & [29, 30] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & DoS Attacks & \begin{tabular}{c} Used to make a web-based service unavailable and bring the model down by \\ overpowering the webpage with traffic from a variety of sources and saving malware \\ on users’ computers for hacking into the system once the network is down. \\ \end{tabular} & [31, 32] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Using devices criminal activities} & \multirow{3}{*}{Plishing emails} & Hackers send malicious email connections or URLs to clients to obtain access to their \\  & & records or computer through emails that are not hailed as spam and clients are fooled \\  & & into messages asserting that they must commute their secret key or update their data, \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \multirow{3}{*}{Identity theft} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Accessing a user’s personal information to take funds, obtaining confidential data for \\ planning a criminal activity, and claiming government benefits from the user’s name \\ through discovering user’s passwords by hacking, recovering individual data from \\ web-based, or sending phishing messages. \\ \end{tabular} & [4, 35] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & Cyberstalking & \begin{tabular}{c} Includes online badgering, where the client is exposed to plenty of web-based emails \\ and messages that threaten a user and impart fear by hoving them and causing the \\ individual to feel radial or worried about their safety. \\ \end{tabular} & [36, 37] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Advanced threats in cloud and smart phone applications} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Threats in the cloud \\ system environment \\ \end{tabular} & It includes the most common threats in the cloud system, which are account hijacking, \\  & & data sanitization, data control and malicious insider. & [38, 39, 40] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & &
\begin{tabular}{c} It includes (a) smartphone attacks at the physical device domain, (b) smartphone \\ attacks at the network connectivity domain and (c) smartphone attacks at the \\ application domain. \\ \end{tabular} & [41, 42] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The types of cyberattacks. Based on Table 1, these types of cyberattacks caused a critical risk to the people who use the internet, with a great attack on user information. Cyberattacks are the greatest threat to every profession, every industry, and every organization that needs preventive measures encountering them.