esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Methods and Technologies
### Designing and 3D-Printing the 3 DSC  
Object casting, 3D-scanning, 3D-mechanical modelling, and 3D-printing process were established for making 3 DSC. Since every patient showed different grasp patterns and posture, we casted each hand in controlling position from every single subject using cured resin clay (object casting). The resin size was approximately 150% of the volume (oz.) of the subject's target hand, and prehension was performed for 10 s, followed by 3D scanning based on the naturally acquired shape. Most of the measurements were made in the neutral position from anatomical hand posture, but if the deformation has already progressed and it is irreversible, the measurement was made in the posture as it is at the time. The researcher used Precision Laser Probe SLP-500 (SURVEYOR(r) 3D Laser Probes, LDI) (DarTec-Reverse-Engineering-Service, n.d.) (Figure 1) which is 3D Short-Range Laser/CMM Scanning +/ - 0.08 mm (0.003\({}^{\prime\prime}\)) accuracy and supports 63 mm depth of field, accuracy around 20\(\upmu\)m and sampling rate at 75,000 total points per second for reverse engineering on each resin cast(3D-scanning, Figure 2). We also conduct mechanical modelling with SOLIDWORKS 2015 version (Dassault Systemes, French) for cutting, shaping, and part designing, including the post reverse design process (3D-mechanical modelling, Figure 3). Stratasys Object Connex350 was used for fabricating and rapid prototyping the final 3 DSC handle modelling CAD (computer-aided design) files (3D-printing).  
The printing duration for each STL file produced in the 3D modeling phase averaged 4.5 h, representing a layering thickness with an average in 0.3 mm, 40% of stacking density. The injection diameter was 0.3 mm in size and 421 g of ABS resin was consumed for the manufacturing of the subjects. The ABS resin used in the trial is styrene resin, consists of acrylonitrile, poly-butadiene, and styrene.  
Most wheelchairs provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, a government-affiliated organization in South Korea, follow the VR-2 joystick module and R-net joystick module system, and these joystick mounting bars have common dimensions of 4.0-4.5 mm in diameter and 16.0-17.0 mm in length. Whenever 3 DSC was manufactured, the hole size could be easily applied with the basic tolerance within 0.3 mm.  
The researchers employed chemicals process (fumigating with dimethylglyoxime 1% ethanol) on printed outputs and performed post-processing to smooth the surfaces of the parts in contact with the human body. In the case of commercialized products are developed in the future, additional layers of other materials would be considered, on the contrary to this, in this experiment, we solely accepted 3D printing materials aimed of minimizing the impact from confounding variables on experiments.  
Figure 3: Designing and modelling for 3D printing process of steering controller.  
Figure 2: Casting hand grasp formation and 3D scanning.  
Participants in the experiment had to give time to adapt to controllers built in a new method, we gave them a total of five days of experience in use.
# A Multi-Channel Data Simulator Based on the Time Unification System
## 5 Experimental Results
### Storage Mode Loopback Test  
The storage mode loopback test is shown in Figure 8. The simulator generates the PPS signal through the internal PPS generator and connects the output interface to the input interface. The host computer imports test data to the simulator through the PCIe interface and sends them synchronously according to the PPS to test the delay between the data and PPS. The host computer exports the received data through the PCIe interface after sending the data and compares the received data with the transmitted data to test their consistency.  
The simulator proposed in this study can achieve a 4.2 Gbps and 1.6 Gbps high-speed data output and input capacity, as observed in actual tests. The received data obtained through loopback are found to be consistent with the transmitted data. The delay between the high-speed and low-speed interfaces and the time reference input is approximately 4.8 us and 3.9 us, as shown in Figure 9. The bandwidth and delay can meet the processing and synchronous receiving demands of the target system.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Colour Attributes  
The colour attributes, including lightness (\(L^{*}\)), redness (\(a^{*}\)) and yellowness (\(b^{*}\)) values of watermelon pectin, are shown in Table 5. Samples obtained using MAUPE had a darker appearance than samples obtained from MAE, with less \(L^{*}\).  
The colour of pectin powder and or solution of pectin is one of the most important factors affecting the appearance of pectin gel. Indeed, a dark colour can limit the application of the products is some formulations. The ultrasonic pretreatment before the extraction affected the colour of the extracted pectin, which showed a darker appearance, and decreased the \(L^{*}\) value of these samples. Moreover, the results did not show a difference in the redness value of the samples. The sample yellowness value was obtained by using  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & **MAE** & & & **MAUPE** & \\  & **0 W** & **150 W–10 min** & **150 W–20 min** & **300 W–10 min** & **300 W–20 min** \\ \hline Intrinsic viscosity (mL/g) & 37.7 \(\pm\) 0.3 b & 33.1 \(\pm\) 0.3 b & 29.6 \(\pm\) 0.4 a & 30.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 a & 28.9 \(\pm\) 0.4 a \\ Mw (KDa) & 322.8 \(\pm\) 2.0 b & 318.1 \(\pm\) 2.3 b & 292.8 \(\pm\) 2.7 a & 298.1 \(\pm\) 2.1 a & 287.2 \(\pm\) 2.7 a \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values in the same row with different letters are significantly different (\(p\) < 0.05).  
\end{table}
Table 4: Molecular characteristics of pectins from watermelon rind.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & **MAE** & & & **MAUPE** & \\  & **150 W–10 min** & **150 W–20 min** & **300 W–10 min** & **300 W–20 min** \\ \hline \(L^{*}\) & 66.4 \(\pm\) 0.2 b & 62.5 \(\pm\) 1.0 a & 62.4 \(\pm\) 0.5 a & 60.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 a & 61.1 \(\pm\) 0.2 a \\ \(a^{*}\) & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 a & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.2 a & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.2 a & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 a \\ \(b^{*}\) & 17.3 \(\pm\) 0.7 a & 18.4 \(\pm\) 0.5 a & 18.6 \(\pm\) 0.8 a & 22.3 \(\pm\) 0.8 b & 25.3 \(\pm\) 0.7 b \\ \(\Delta E\) & - & 4.05 & 4.22 & 7.65 & 9.60 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values in the same row with different letters are significantly different (\(p\) < 0.05).  
\end{table}
Table 5: Colour property of pectin powder.  
MAUPE with ultrasonication at 300 W, which was more than the other. The \(L^{*}\) value of watermelon pectin powder was higher than the \(L^{*}\) value of sugar beet pectin (41.27) and tomato pectin (50.96), which were previously extracted using MAE [27,28]. As can be seen, the colour difference, was increased using MAUPE as an increase in \(\Delta E\) values. The power of extraction pretreatment was a dominant factor affecting this parameter. The colour difference between the samples indicated the magnitude of the colour difference between samples obtained from the MAE and MAUPE methods. These results were probably due to the degradation of the side chains, followed by a higher monosaccharide content, and a partial demethylation of the samples using intense extraction pretreatment (300 W) that influenced the colour properties of the samples, as reported by [PERSON] [29].
# Magnetic Nanomaterials for Magnetically-Aided Drug Delivery and Hyperthermia
## 7 Iron/Iron Oxide Core/Shell Nanoparticles  
[PERSON] and co-workers have developed fluorescence-based nanobiosensors for the detection of solid tumors in liquid biopsies and protease detection in blood [18; 22; 76; 77; 78]. These nanobiosensors feature Fe/Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) core/shell nanoparticles, which were synthesized by using thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)\({}_{5}\) in the presence of oleylamine and hexadecylammonium chloride (HADxHCl) using 1-octadecene (ODE) as solvent [79]. The nanoparticles have a well-defined core/shell structure. These nanoparticles are characterized by a Fe(0) core diameter of \(13\pm 0.5\) nm, and the Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) shell thickness of \(2.0\pm 0.5\) nm (Figure 7). They are coated with dopamine, which enhances the water solubility of the nanoparticles. To these dopamine-coated core/shell nanoparticles a FRET (Forster resonance energy transfer) pair is attached. While the FRET donor is attached by means of a protease or arginase-modifiable peptide sequence, the FRET acceptor is tethered by a stable amide bond to the dopamine ligands. The result is enzymatic activation of nanoplatform fluorescence, which enables the detection of protease activity down to sub-femtomolar limits of detection.
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Flow Test  
Table 6. Flow test results using flow table following American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1437. shows the measured diameters of spread fresh paste samples in the flow test. The diameters of the samples with purified water could not be measured because the samples overflowed out of the flow table (the diameter of flow table = 253 mm). In the results, the use of RO reject water showed the smallest flow values in each group of samples compared to the other types of mixing waters, implying the increased viscosity, possibly due to the greatest ion concentrations of RO reject water; a mixing water with higher concentrations of ions may lead to faster stiffening of fresh paste by more reaction of ions with cement compounds. [PERSON] et al. [33] reported a similar trend that PC pastes using seawater were stiffer than using deionized water.  
It is worth noting, that a stiffer mortar is more advantageous for brick production when considering common production processes of cement bricks. In addition, although the use of RO increased the viscosity of pastes to some extent, no coagulation was observed during mixing.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Binder**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Sand**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**RO Reject Water**} \\ \hline
**CSA Cement** & & & \\ \hline
400 & 68 & 1412 & 282 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Mixture proportion of bricks (kg/m\({}^{3}\)).
# Progress on Single-Feed Quality Wideband Linear Wire Array
## 2 QWL Antenna  
Despite the many advances, achieving a wide bandwidth while maintaining all the mechanical advantages of the classic Yagi-Uda antenna remains a significant challenge. To the best of our knowledge, this challenge has yet to be fully addressed in current research. The development of a new and high-QWL array has been proposed to substantially increase the bandwidth of a single-feed linear array while maintaining its rugged design. One of the primary factors that limit the bandwidth of a linear array antenna is the driven element. To overcome this limitation, a wideband structure was proposed by [PERSON], and more recently, [PERSON] and his colleagues increased the bandwidth of a bidirectional antenna element to 158% [18; 19]. This antenna element has been termed the WHEMS [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28].
## 3 Model Construction and Solving Algorithm  
### Model Construction  
#### 3.1.1 Objective Functions  
The optimal operation for Jiaoyan-Shimen parallel reservoirs needs to consider urban-rural, irrigation, ecology, power generation, and so on. The power generation objective was completely obedient to urban-rural water, irrigation water, and ecological water of river channels. The flood control objective can be satisfied by limiting the water level. The comprehensive water use and ecological water use are the main objectives for the establishment of MOOM. Therefore, the objective functions of MOOM for Jiaoyan-Shimen parallel reservoirs are the maximum comprehensive water supply and the minimum amended annual proportion flow deviation (ecological AAPFD value) [43].  
(1) Maximum comprehensive water supply.  
\[f_{1}=max\sum_{t=1}^{T}\sum_{p=1}^{p}q_{z}(p,t)\Delta t \tag{1}\]  
where \(f_{1}\) denotes the maximum comprehensive water supply; \(p\) denotes the index of reservoirs; \(t\) denotes the index of the operational period; \(\Delta t\) denotes the duration of  
Figure 4: Comprehensive water demand processes.  
Figure 3: Ecological water demand processes.  
the operational period; \(q_{z}(p,t)\) denotes the comprehensive water supply flow for reservoir \(p\) during period \(t\); \(P\) denotes the number of reservoirs; and \(T\) denotes the number of operational periods.
2. Minimum ecological AAPFD value. The larger the ecological AAPFD value, the greater the influence of the reservoir on the downstream ecosystem, and vice versa. \[AAPFD_{p}=min\left\{\sum_{t=1}^{T}\left(\frac{Q(p,t)-Q^{n}(p,t)}{\overline{Q} ^{n}}\right)^{2}\right\}^{0.5}\] (2) \[f_{2}=\max\{\text{AAPFD}_{1},\ldots,\text{AAPFD}_{p}\}\] (3) where \(AAPFD_{p}\) denotes the minimum ecological AAPFD value for reservoir \(p\); \(Q(p,t)\) denotes the outflow for reservoir \(p\) during period \(t\); \(Q^{n}(p,t)\) denotes the natural flow for reservoir \(p\) during period \(t\); \(\overline{Q}^{n}\) denotes the average natural flow for reservoir \(p\) during the operation period; and \(f_{2}\) denotes the final ecological AAPFD value.
# Evaluation of Keratin/Bacterial Cellulose Based Scaffolds as Potential Burned Wound Dressing
## 1 Introduction
The hydrogels are cell friendly environment and they represent an appropriate medium for proliferation, migration and differentiation of the cells. In order to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the polymeric hydrogels, while stimulating the healing process of the wounds, the hydrogels chemistry and morphology has been modified by using blends of natural and synthetic polymers, cross linkers, or drugs for preparing bioactive scaffolds and hydrogels [37, 38, 39]. Keratin-containing compounds have been tested, as a local therapeutic support for burned wounds, since ancient times. The choice of keratin as the second component of biomaterial is based on information from traditional Chinese medicine, which through millennial experience, has verified the therapeutic potential of using keratin as a remedy for burns. This, according to tradition, involves the removal of the hair from the patient, which, then, by burning, becomes an aseptic, opaque mass, of a dark color, and by grinding, a powder is obtained, based on keratin. The powder was deposited on the wound, the procedure being an archaic wound therapy, verified for about 2300 years in China [40]. Humanhair-derived keratin protein has been recognized as biomaterial with high potential due to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility and keratin-based hydrogels accelerated re-epithelialization and wound healing process in a full-thickness tissue [41; 42]. Recently, data about a new biomaterial obtained from bacterial cellulose (BC) and keratin, efficient for stimulating the wound repair and re-epithelialization were published [43; 44]. In the surgical practice of burned wounds of large surface and depth, there is a severe deficiency of grafted skin. The paper offers an alternative to solve the issue. The aim of the study was to obtain a biomaterial from BC and keratin hydrogel, and to evaluate the effect of the cells inclusion (adipose stem cells) on the biological performances. The keratin component of the biomaterial directs the tissue development of stem cells to a grafting skin. Bacterial cellulose is the second component of the biomaterial being in the form of nanometric bundles and it offers the advantage of lack of chemical contaminants; as well, it reinforces scaffold for cell growth. CB allows obtaining a mechanically resistant biomaterial for wound grafting surgery. The result was a bio artificial material, later grafted on a burned wound. The grafted wound (in an in vivo study on rabbit), was monitored daily, both clinically and anatomic pathologically, and the biocompatibility was evaluated.
# Polynomial Modeling of Noise Figure in Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Computational Efficiency and Memory Usage of the Model
#### 4.7.2 Memory Usage  
This section evaluates the model's performance in terms of disk space and RAM consumption. The total size of the two Python scripts is approximately 36 kB. Each model file has a size of about 10 kB. These files contain 720 64-bit floating-point coefficients, each associated with a four-character string key. Given that each key and coefficient occupy 4 and 8 bytes, respectively, the storage size for the information in each model file can be  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Array Length** & **Exec. Time per Sample [μs]** \\ \hline
1 & 1479.72 \\ \hline
2 & 746.99 \\ \hline
5 & 298.97 \\ \hline
10 & 150.46 \\ \hline
20 & 76.76 \\ \hline
33 & 47.39 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Execution time of the array estimation function for the noise figure, as a function of array length.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Class Method(s)** & **Exec. Time [ms]** & **Exec. Time [μs]** & **Exec. Time [ns]** \\ \hline Initialization & 40.76 & 40,759.31 & 40,759,306.60 \\ \hline NF evaluation (single) & 0.05 & 47.60 & 47,600.11 \\ \hline NF evaluation (array) & \textless{}0.01 & 0.61 & 613.81 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Execution time of the model evaluation Python class, categorized by function.  
calculated as \((4+8)\times 720=8640\) bytes, or roughly \(8.43\,\mathrm{kB}\). The discrepancy between this calculated size and the actual file size is due to the overhead from the _.parquet_ file structure. Thus, the model can be considered very lightweight for typical computing systems. To assess the RAM usage of the EDFA class, the sys.getsizeof method from the standard Python 3 library was employed. This method was applied to both the class instance and its internal attributes, yielding a result of \(25.72\,\mathrm{kB}\). A more detailed analysis using a memory profiler could provide further insights into memory usage during noise figure calculations. However, such an analysis would include other memory contributors, such as linked libraries, which makes it difficult to isolate the exact memory usage of the EDFA_NF class instance.
# Correction Strategy of Online Midcourse Guidance for High-Speed Gliding Target Interceptor
## 2 Model Description  
### Introduction of Coordinate System  
1. East-North-Up coordinate system  
The East-North-Up coordinate system takes a local observation point as the origin, with the northward direction, eastward direction, and upward direction as its coordinate axes. It can accurately describe the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of a geographic location. Using the East-North-Up coordinate system, one can determine the distance,angle, and orientation between the current location and the target location, which enables navigation and positioning functions.  
The geocentric coordinate system is a spatial Cartesian coordinate system constructed with the Earth's center as the origin, the unit vector direction from the Earth's center to a specific location as the Z axis, and a reference plane as the X-Y plane. The geocentric coordinate system can be used for celestial dynamics calculations. By calculating the motion trajectory, velocity, acceleration, and the other parameters of celestial bodies in the geocentric coordinate system, the future paths of celestial bodies can be predicted.
# Char from Pyrolysis of Waste Tires to Increase Bitumen Performances
###### Abstract  
Road pavement characteristics can be improved by modifying bitumens through addition of fine particles. To avoid environmental issues, attention is recently being paid to bio-materials. In this study, a 50/70 bitumen was modified through the addition of char obtained from the pyrolysis of waste tires. Char addition causes an increase in transition (gel to sol) temperature of up to 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C and an increase in rigidity under working conditions (50 \({}^{\circ}\)C) of up to about one order of magnitude. The effect of the gas type flowing under the pyrolysis process (CO\({}_{2}\), N\({}_{2}\) and CO\({}_{2}\) + N\({}_{2}\)) on the mechanical characteristics of the bitumen was also investigated. More marked effects on the rheological performances were found if char coming from pyrolysis under CO\({}_{2}\) was used (the gel-to-sol transition temperature is increased by about 4.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C) compared to that coming from pyrolysis under N\({}_{2}\) (gel-to-sol transition temperature is increased by about 3 \({}^{\circ}\)C). The effect is at a maximum for char from CO\({}_{2}\) at 3% wt/wt, whereas regarding char from N, a lesser effect is seen with a more uniform (flat) effect as a function of char% and with an increase in gel-to-sol transition temperature of about 3 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Coherently, char obtained from pyrolysis under CO\({}_{2}\) was found to possess a higher surface area constituted by smaller particles than that coming from pyrolysis under N\({}_{2}\). In fact, the BET-specific surface passes 79 m\({}^{2}\)/g for N\({}_{2}\)-char to 174 m\({}^{2}\)/g for CO\({}_{2}\)-char and the microprobe volume fraction increases from 2 to 9. The observed differences can be attributed to the oxidizing environment (CO\({}_{2}\)) that is more aggressive and reactive in the synthesis phase compared to an inert environment (N\({}_{2}\)). Char also showed an anti-aging effect, hindering the increase in rigidity typically associated with the aging process. This effect was explained in terms of the compatibility of char with bitumen's organic nature, and presumably its more effective hosting in a bituminous structure, which is presumably higher when char is produced under CO\({}_{2}\) rather than N\({}_{2}\). This study quantitatively indicates how a residue derived from the pyrolysis of a waste material can be efficiently re-used to increase the mechanical characteristics of bitumen, accomplishing the recent circular-based needs for environmental protection.  
activated carbon bitumen; anti-aging effect; char; rheology; waste pyrolysis 2023