## 1 Introduction
[24; 25; 26] designed a sowing depth measurement and electro-hydraulic control system to compare three downforce control algorithms, and the variability in the sowing depth measured in field experiments was reduced from 8 mm to 2 mm. [PERSON] et al. [27] performed a digital modeling simulation of the electro-hydraulic system to determine the PID controller parameters and investigated the dynamic characteristics of the system. The results of the field static tests of the system performance showed that the system overshoot was \(\leq\)29.0% and the control error was \(\leq\)5.0%. [PERSON] et al. [28; 29; 30] used an electro-hydraulic profiling device to obtain the sowing depth through sensors (e.g., ultrasonic sensors) and established a sowing depth monitoring model. The experiments verified that the electro-hydraulic profiling device can maintain a relatively stable sowing depth. [PERSON] et al. [31] comprehensively analyzed the control process of the sowing depth and compaction and designed the control system of the downforce and closing force based on hydraulic regulation. The user interface was built to allow the user to adjust and monitor the current downforce and closing force of the system in real time. Through the above scholars' studies, it can be found that the row unit downforce control system gradually matured, although there is more progress. However, most of the research is more independent, not yet combining sowing depth and compaction with the analysis, and it lacks comprehensive evaluation criteria of the seed groove environment. Secondly, the current electro-hydraulic profiling device is more scattered, complex and has a poorly integrated structure. Due to the narrow space of the four-bar linkage, the scattered hydraulic components not only affect the structure of the whole machine but also reduce the control effect of the downforce. Well-known agricultural companies such as Precision sowing, John Deere, AgLeader, Kinze, etc., already have more mature products for seeder downforce control (DeltaForce, SureForce et al.) [32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38]. These more integrated products are not tailor-made for the seeder we studied due to the different conditions of use (e.g., tractor model, model adaptation, etc.). They suffer from a small number of structural problems as well as performance matching. On the other hand, we currently have less theoretical analyses on designing the electro-hydraulic profiling mechanisms. In addition, an in-depth analysis is also essential for the research on sowing depth-compaction comprehensive control. For the above problems, through the force and motion analysis of the row unit, we designed the integrated pressure-reducing cylinder (IPRC) based on the model 470B seeder. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the relationship between the sowing depth and soil compaction and proposed the seed groove environmental qualification rate (SFEQ) for characterizing the effect of the sowing depth and compaction. To achieve a smooth ride as well as a consistent depth, the adaptive PID depth control algorithm was developed based on the CoDeSys V3.5 programming environment. To meet the needs of users, we built an IPRC-driven sowing depth control program and the interactive interface. Through the dynamic adjustment of the IPRC, we aim to realize the real-time regulation and control of the downforce and solve the problem of a scattered profiling structure so as to achieve the purpose of comprehensive control of the sowing depth and compaction.