## 1 Introduction  
In deep foundation pit engineering, part of the internal structure of the foundation pit will be implemented before the earthwork excavation, such as engineering piles [1] and underground continuous walls [2]. The unloading effect produced during earthwork excavation presents a \"space-time effect\" with the progress of the construction time sequence [3]. On the one hand, with the different construction processes, the amount of earthwork affectsthe soil properties in and around the foundation pit as well as the deformation of the pile foundation and the internal envelope structure inside the foundation pit [4,5], thus showing a \"time effect\". On the other hand, due to the deformation of the internal structure of the foundation pit caused by earthwork excavation, the surrounding strata move, resulting in different degrees of settlement of the ground surface around the foundation pit as well as deformation and damage of existing facilities in the vicinity [6]. In an urban center area with high building density, the relationship between the position of foundation pit and adjacent structures is complicated and diverse. At the same time, due to different design schemes, the spatial distribution of the internal structure of the foundation pit is also relatively complicated, thus showing significant spatial effects [7]. Therefore, most scholars pay more attention to the \"space-time effect\" caused by foundation pit construction on the deformation of foundation pit structure and the surrounding surface settlement. [PERSON] [8] proposed a whole-process control method for the corresponding possible deformation mode of a foundation pit by summarizing the deformation characteristics at each stage of excavation under different hydrogeological conditions and foundation pit scales and their impact on the surrounding environment. [PERSON] et al. [9] combined the site monitoring data of a foundation pit project and concluded that the composite support structure of an underground continuous wall is suitable for deep water cut foundation pit projects. [PERSON] et al. [10] obtained the influence of construction sequence on the above monitored values by monitoring the displacement of supporting structure and the settlement of surrounding buildings in the shaft and platform tunnel in a complex construction environment in loose strata and tuff strata during the whole construction process. [PERSON] et al. [4] established a finite element model for excavation calculations for deep foundation pits and compared the calculated results with the actual monitoring values to further analyze the impact of foundation pit excavation on adjacent structures. [PERSON] et al. [11] proposed an automatic monitoring system through real-time monitoring of structural responses in tunnels and foundation pits and used it to automatically control the tunnel construction sequence. This method can help better control the surrounding environment and structural deformation. [PERSON] et al. [12] proposed Adjusted-Logistic time function model, which can predict the deformation of supporting piles under different geological engineering conditions. [PERSON] et al. [13] proposed an improved clustering method based on GMM and combined it with long- and short-term memory neural networks to analyze and predict the deformation caused by the next construction step. Based on a large number of monitoring data, [PERSON] et al. [14] concluded that structural deformation is closely related to the change of land surface settlement over time, showing strong spatial coordination, and established a deformation control evaluation method for large deep circular foundation pits in soft soil foundations. Based on empirical mode decomposition and recurrent neural networks, [PERSON] et al. [15] developed a method for predicting lateral deformation analysis of support structures. [PERSON] et al.