## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Staff** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Annual Lens Dose** \\ **(mSv/Year)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Dosimeter (Detector Element)** & **Dosimeter Position** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [43] & PET nurses & 0.93 \(\pm\) 0.13 & \begin{tabular}{c} EPD® Mk2.3 *1 \\ (electronic personal dosimeter) \\ \end{tabular} & neck \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [44] & PET and RI radiological & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & EYE-DTM*2 (TLD) & near the eyes \\ \hline D. [PERSON] et al. [45] & \
\begin{tabular}{c} \({}^{18}\)F and \({}^{99m}\)Tc \\ preparation workers \\ \end{tabular} & 0.16–0.88 & EYE-DTM*2 (TLD) & near the eyes \\ \({}^{18}\)F and \({}^{99m}\)Tc & 0.33–218 & EYE-DTM*2 (TLD) & near the eyes \\ \({}^{18}\)F and administration workers & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [46] &
\begin{tabular}{c} PET nurses \\ (preparation-administration) \\ RI nurses \\ \end{tabular} & 5–9 & TLD & near the eyes \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [47] & nuclear medicine staff & 2.24 & TLD & near the eyes \\ \hline this study & PET nurses & 0.93 \(\pm\) 0.13 & DOSIRISTM & near the eyes \\ PET radiological technicians & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.41 & DOSIRISTM & near the eyes \\ RI radiological technicians & 1.10 \(\pm\) 0.53 & DOSIRISTM & near the eyes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{18}\)EPD® Mk2.3 (Thermo Electron Corporation Waltham, MA, USA). \({}^{192}\)EYE-DTM (Radcard, Poland).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Annual lens doses in previous studies. cholangiopancreteography (ERCP) procedures was 10.7 mSv. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [53] estimated that the mean annual lens dose of RTs assisting patients during computed tomography examinations was 8.47 mSv. As stated above, the annual lens doses estimated in this study were lower than the doses in previous investigations. In other words, while numerous studies have been conducted on these types of examinations or treatments, our results presented lower doses relative to previous research [54; 55; 56; 57]. Thus, NM examinations may be less likely than IVR, ERCP, and computed tomography examinations to result in excessive lens doses to healthcare workers. Overall, the eye-lens doses estimated by the glass badge dosimeter in this study were lower than those estimated by DOSIRIS, particularly those of PET nurses. [PERSON] et al. [47] reported a strong correlation between personal dosimeter [H\({}_{p}\)(10)]- and lens-dosimeter [H\({}_{p}\)(3); EYE-D; Gammadata Instrument AB, Uppsala, Sweden]-estimated lens doses of RTs performing NM examinations (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.81). Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [58] reported a positive correlation between the personal dosimeter [H\({}_{p}\)(10)]- and lens dosimeter [H\({}_{p}\)(3); EYE-D]-estimated lens doses of medical staff in an NM department (Pearson s r = 0.62). Our estimations of the doses received by PET and RI radiographers were similar to the findings in previous studies, although the results for PET nurses were not consistent with previous reports. This discrepancy could be explained by differences in the radiation shielding used during PET drug administration. In our study, the glass badge dosimeter was protected by a lead shield, whereas DOSIRIS was not (Figure 9). The angle dependence of the dosimeters may also have affected the results. Similarly, the weak correlation between H\({}_{p}\)(3) and H\({}_{p}\)(0.07) can be explained by the variation in protection conditions during drug administration. In this study, H\({}_{p}\)(10) and H\({}_{p}\)(0.07) values, as measured by the glass badge dosimeter, were similar, although H\({}_{p}\)(10) values were slightly higher in all cases. This difference potentially occurred because H\({}_{p}\)(10) is measured in a deeper skin layer. In facilities where \(\beta\)-ray sources are used for examinations or treatments, it may be better to estimate H\({}_{p}\)(0.07) values  
Figure 9: Protective measures used during PET drug administration. rather than H\({}_{p}\)(10) values because H\({}_{p}\)(10) values are not suitable for evaluating lens doses attributable to \(\beta\)-rays [59].