## 3 Research Method
### Model Development
#### 3.2.2 Monitoring Scenario 2: Extraction of Soil and Water Conservation Measures  
To ensure the safe operation of SDAs and to mitigate their environmental impact and potential soil erosion risks, specific engineering and vegetative measures, known as soil and water conservation measures, are implemented around the SDAs. As construction progresses, it is crucial to monitor the current state of these soil and water conservation measures as part of effective SDAs management. The monitoring process primarily involves three steps: visual interpretation, manual verification, and spatial overlay analysis, using a combination of methods and techniques. Step 1: Visual interpretation  
This study employs visual interpretation of UAV imagery to preliminarily extract information on soil and water conservation measures within SDAs. UAV imagery provides high-resolution visual data that clearly delineate roads, construction vehicles, vegetation, and the soil and water conservation structures established around SDAs. By analyzing various features present in UAV imagery, including color, texture, structure, and size, ArcGIS is utilized to precisely delineate the spatial extent of these conservation measures through manual digitization. This manual mapping process involves directly tracing the identified conservation structures onto GIS layers, ensuring the accurate spatial representation of these measures. Step 2: Manual verification  
Although the method of information extraction through visual interpretation is relatively straightforward, it nevertheless requires substantial professional expertise and experience. Once the initial extraction is completed, multiple rounds of review are essential to ensure both the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the identified soil and water conservation measures. This iterative verification process is first conducted by experts with relevant domain knowledge, who meticulously examine the UAV imagery to detect and correct any potential omissions or misclassifications. For instance, these experts repeatedly confirm whether the extracted soil and water conservation structures correspond to actual field conditions, ensuring that all critical measures, such as drainage systems, slope protection structures, and vegetated areas, are accurately identified and recorded. In addition, auxiliary data sources--such as high-resolution topographic maps and historical construction records--are employed for cross-validation, further enhancing data reliability and consistency. Through this multi-tiered iterative review mechanism, human errors and subjective biases can be effectively minimized, ultimately ensuring that the final information on soil and water conservation measures achieves a high level of accuracy and credibility. Step 3: Overlay analysis  
By conducting spatial overlay analysis on information extracted from multiple time periods, this study comprehensively evaluates and monitors the dynamic changes in soil and water conservation measures within SDAs. Specifically, visual interpretation methods are employed to extract information on soil and water conservation measures from UAV imagery across different periods, including key elements such as drainage systems, slope protection structures, and vegetated areas. Subsequently, using the overlay analysis functions of ArcGIS, these multi-temporal data layers are spatially superimposed. Through a systematic comparison of the spatial positional differences and changes in spatial relationships of the extracted conservation measures across different periods, this study identifies trends in the addition, expansion, or reduction of soil and water conservation measures. Furthermore, spatial overlay analysis reveals the spatial distribution patterns of these measures at different time points, aiding researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of their maintenance and management effectiveness.