# IoT-Enabled Smart Cities: Evolution and Outlook
## 2 IoT-Enabled Smart Cities Landscape
### Busan  
Busan adopted ICT technologies since 2005 under the name of ubiquitous city (u-City). At that time the Busan council focused on the deployment of various sensors to capture valuable data to enhance existing city services. Even at that time u-City used a cloud-based infrastructure delivered by collaboration among participating member companies. However, u-City used proprietary solutions for sensors deployment and cloud platforms. Therefore, devices and platforms used in u-City cannot be reused in other cities. In addition, collected data were stored using non-standardized mechanisms. After 8 years of development of u-City in Busan, the city council learnt that the adoption of global IoT/M2M standards to their smart city can be a key factor to success and develop a sustainable smart city [22].  
The Busan smart city, which is the second most populous city in South Korea, initiated its second phase project for the establishment of an open smart city platform based on a global IoT/M2M standards. The second phase of the smart city project was started in 2016 with government funds to achieve interoperability between Service, Platform, Network, Device and Security ecosystem. The smart city introduced seven experimental applications in 2017 as follows:  
* **Smart street light**: A service that contributes to energy saving, enhancing street aesthetics, strengthening public safety and crime prevention functions, and building'smart lighting' with energy-saving LED lighting, CCTV, and wireless Internet relay functions.
* **Smart crosswalk:** A service that reduces the number of traffic accidents, and loss rates with a pedestrian detection and car stop detection system to prevent traffic accidents near the crosswalks, thereby reducing social and economic losses caused by traffic accidents.
* **Smart parking:** A service that contributes to the reduction of traffic congestion in the city and the environment by improving the efficiency and convenience of parking so that drivers can check and use empty parking spaces in Busan in real time through mobile app and web service.
* **Building energy management:** A service that establishes an efficient energy saving plan and energy management system through monitoring and analysis of energy consumption by installing a smart meter and sensor in the Busan City Hall.
* **Socially disadvantaged individuals:** A service that delivers the location of the weak people to the guardians and operators based on an IoT specialized network for safety.
* **Lost child prevention:** A service that informs guardians of the location of children in Busan based on an IoT specialized network.
* **Smart store management system:** A service that enables effective store management by monitoring the usage status of various electronic devices used in the store, store environment (temperature, humidity, illumination, fire detection), and visitor trends in real time.  
The Busan city council started its third phase smart city project with the concept of data and augmented reality to build a cutting-edge waterfront city through 10 innovative factors such as robots, water, and energy. In particular, it is a city specializing in water by applying smart water management technology in the entire urban water cycle and will also focus on developing a zero-energy system. The third phase of the smart city project also focuses on the development of a data-driven IoT enabled smart city platform.