## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Men**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Women**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Normal** & **Hypertension** & **Normal** & **Hypertension** \\ \hline Subjects, no. (\%) & 1343 (72.9\%) & 500 (27.1\%) & 1249 (73.6\%) & 448 (26.4\%) \\ \hline Age, mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 61.08 (8.43) & 64.72 (8.54) & 59.84 (8.54) & 65.04 (9.04) \\ \hline Systolic BP (mmHg), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 124.90 (17.16) & 134.39 (16.14) & 122.55 (17.44) & 136.24 (16.39) \\ \hline Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 80.05 (10.65) & 82.02 (10.68) & 77.03 (10.00) & 81.31 10.83) \\ \hline Height (HT), (cm), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 166.84 (6.05) & 165.75 (5.85) & 153.93 (5.95) & 152.35 (6.10) \\ \hline Weight (WT), (kg), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 65.09 (9.34) & 66.85 (9.21) & 55.43 (8.18) & 57.10 (9.00) \\ \hline Waist circumference (WC), (cm), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 83.77 (7.93) & 86.70 (8.02) & 79.43 (8.61) & 83.59 (8.88) \\ \hline Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 0.502 (0.046) & 0.523 (0.049) & 0.517 (0.057) & 0.549 (0.059) \\ \hline Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m\({}^{2}\)), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 23.33 (2.75) & 24.30 (2.84) & 23.36 (2.93) & 24.55 (3.29) \\ \hline Glucose (mg/dL), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 97.68 (15.38) & 102.08 (16.62) & 94.83 (14.35) & 99.04 (15.44) \\ \hline Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean, (SD) \({}^{\star}\) & 190.46 (35.12) & 185.41 (33.80) & 202.47 (33.82) & 203.99 (35.61) \\ \hline High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dL), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 46.27 (11.63) & 44.35 (11.31) & 49.73 (11.03) & 47.32 (10.72) \\ \hline Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dL), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 113.70 (32.01) & 110.98 (31.16) & 127.70 (29.43) & 129.14 (29.48) \\ \hline Triglycerides (mg/dL), mean, (SD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 155.98 & 163.61 & 121.76 (74.53) & 147.30 (95.62) \\ \hline Body fat mass (g), mean, (SD) & & & & \\ \hline Head fat mass (HDF) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 976.74 & 997.59 & 854.72 (99.12) & 863.06 (100.96) \\ \hline Left arm fat mass (LAF) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 723.80 & 794.90 & 1111.48 & 1198.91 (388.46) \\ \hline Right arm fat mass (RAF) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 734.12 & 801.82 & 1116.30 & 1208.20 (397.23) \\ \hline Trunk fat mass (TF) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 7749.64 & 9012.72 & 9577.91 & 10,961.25 (394.93) & (397.58) \\ \hline Left leg fat mass (LLF) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 1868.20 & 2009.38 & 2806.96 & 2860.79 (623.90) & \\  & (623.90) & (618.33) & (814.50) & (862.72) \\ \hline Right leg fat mass (RLF) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 1910.86 & 2043.92 & 2875.70 & 2917.87 (844.39) & (883.51) \\ \hline Total body fat mass without the head (TBFWH) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 12,986.62 & 14,662.74 & 17,488.34 & 19,147.02 (4998.85) & (5467.79) \\ \hline Total body fat mass (TBF) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 13,963.36 & 15,660.34 & 18,343.06 & 20,010.08 (4552.24) & (5045.80) & (5515.59) \\ \hline Bone mineral density (g/cm\({}^{2}\)), mean, (SD) & & & & \\ \hline Head BMD (HDBMD) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 2.23 (0.38) & 2.20 (0.35) & 2.13 (0.44) & 2.04 (0.41) \\ \hline Left arm BMD (LABMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.81 (0.08) & 0.81 (0.08) & 0.64 (0.07) & 0.63 (0.07) \\ \hline Right arm BMD (RABMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.82 (0.07) & 0.82 (0.07) & 0.65 (0.07) & 0.64 (0.08) \\ \hline Left Rib BMD (LRibBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.69 (0.09) & 0.70 (0.12) & 0.60 (0.09) & 0.59 (0.07) \\ \hline Right Rib BMD (RRibBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.69 (0.08) & 0.70 (0.08) & 0.60 (0.08) & 0.59 (0.07) \\ \hline Thoracic spine BMD (TSBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.92 (0.15) & 0.95 (0.16) & 0.76 (0.14) & 0.76 (0.20) \\ \hline Lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 1.06 (0.24) & 1.09 (0.26) & 0.95 (0.27) & 0.92 (0.21) \\ \hline Pelvis BMD (PlvBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 1.08 (0.15) & 1.10 (0.18) & 0.98 (0.16) & 0.97 (0.17) \\ \hline Left leg BMD (LLBMD) & 1.23 (0.16) & 1.22 (0.14) & 1.01 (0.12) & 1.00 (0.18) \\ \hline Right leg BMD (RLBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 1.22 (0.14) & 1.23 (0.14) & 1.01 (0.14) & 1.00 (0.16) \\ \hline Total BMD without the head (TSMDWH) \({}^{\star}\) & 1.00 (0.10) & 1.00 (0.10) & 0.83 (0.10) & 0.82 (0.10) \\ \hline Total BMD (TSBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 1.16 (0.12) & 1.16 (0.11) & 1.02 (0.13) & 0.99 (0.12) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p<0.05\) and \({}^{\ddagger}\)\(p<0.0001\) indicate significant difference between men and women using the two-sample \(t\)-test.  
The results are presented as the means (standard deviation [SD]) or as the number of participants N (\(\%\)).  
\end{table}