# Seismic Assessment and Strengthening of a Load-Bearing Masonry Structure Considering SSI Effects
## 5 Results  
### Maximum SMAX Stress Values per Elevation  
The distribution of maximum tensile stresses (SMAX) was evaluated across all four elevations for each model. The results offer an overview of the seismic stress demands imposed on the building and facilitate a comparative assessment between fixed-base and SSI conditions, as well as between the two different strengthening methods (Tables 11 and 12). Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the SMAX stress distribution for the Kahramanmaras1 event at selected elevations. Figure 9: Spectral matching of the mean spectrum of selected earthquakes (x—axis) to the target spectrum (ECS). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**M1** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SMAX**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**M2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SMAX**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\% Change**} \\ \hline
**Shell 7587** & **At (s)** & **Value (kPa)** & **\% Change** & **Shell6939** & **At (s)** & **Value (kPa)** & **\% Change** & **M1 vs. M2** \\ \hline
**1 fkah1** & 11.93 & 1024.00 & 123.24\% & **2 fkah1** & 19.22 & 1014.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{17.46\%} & \(-0.98\%\) \\
**1 skah1** & 11.94 & 2286.00 & 123.24\% & **2 zkah1** & 19.21 & 1191.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1.08\%} & 31.08\% \\
**1 fkah2** & 11.04 & 777.40 & **2 zkah2** & 11.09 & 1019.00 & & \(-26.27\%\) \\
**1 fkah2** & 11.02 & 1397.00 & **79.70\%** & **2 fkah2** & 11.09 & 1030.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1.08\%} & 31.08\% \\
**1 fnor1** & 8.96 & 1078.00 & **2 fnor1** & 11.22 & 1088.00 & & \(-25.74\%\) \\
**1 fnor1** & 9.34 & 1919.00 & **80.66\%** & **1 fnor2** & 11.22 & 1137.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{30.97\%} & 4.22\% \\
**1 fnor2** & 9.34 & 1971.00 & **80.66\%** & **2 fnor2** & 10.67 & 1499.00 & & \(-23.95\%\) \\ \hline
**1 fkoc1** & 9.31 & 976.00 & **2 fkoc1** & 9.13 & 1112.00 & & \(-13.93\%\) \\
**1 skoc1** & 9.31 & 1731.00 & **77.36\%** & **2 fkoc1** & 10.18 & 1470.00 & & \(-15.08\%\) \\ \hline
**1 fkoc2** & 9.21 & 1133.00 & **88.08\%** & **2 fkoc2** & 9.34 & 941.50 & & \(-16.90\%\) \\
**1 skoc2** & 11.26 & 2131.00 & **88.08\%** & **2 fkoc2** & 11.3 & 1409.00 & & \(-33.88\%\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: SMAX for shells 7587 (M1) and 6724 (M2) on ground floor. Figure 10: SMAX stress results on the main (1) elevation. The minimum values on the chromatic scales correspond to the tensile strength at the ground floor, while the maximum values represent the tensile strength at the 1 st and 2 nd floors. Stress exceedance at 1 st floor and 2 nd floor occurs only in areas indicated by blue coloration: M1 fix (**a**); M2 fix (**b**); M1 ssi (**c**); M2 ssi (**d**). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**M1** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SMAX**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**M2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SMAX**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\% Change**} \\ \hline
**Shell 7587** & **At (s)** & **Value (kPa)** & **\% Change** & **Shell6939** & **At (s)** & **Value (kPa)** & **\% Change** & **M1 vs. M2** \\ \hline
**1 fkah1** & 11.93 & 1024.00 & 123.24\% & **2 fkah1** & 19.22 & 1014.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{17.46\%} & \(-0.98\%\) \\
**1 skah1** & 11.94 & 2286.00 & 123.24\% & **2 zkah1** & 19.21 & 1191.00 & & \(-47.90\%\) \\
**1 fkah2** & 11.04 & 777.40 & **2 fkah2** & 11.09 & 1019.00 & & \(-26.27\%\) \\
**1 fkah2** & 11.02 & 1397.00 & **79.70\%** & **2 fkah2** & 11.09 & 1030.00 & & \(-26.27\%\) \\ \hline
**1 fnor1** & 8.96 & 1078.00 & **2 fnor1** & 11.22 & 1088.00 & & \(-0.93\%\) \\
**1 sonr1** & 9.34 & 1919.00 & **2 sonr1** & 10.67 & 1425.00 & & \(-25.74\%\) \\ \hline
**1 fnor2** & 8.96 & 1091.00 & **80.66\%** & **1 fnor2** & 11.22 & 1137.00 & & \(-31.84\%\) \\
**1 sor2** & 9.34 & 1971.00 & **77.36\%** & **2 fkoc1** & 9.13 & 1112.00 & & \(-23.95\%\) \\ \hline
**1 fkoc1** & 9.31 & 976.00 & **2 fkoc1** & 9.13 & 1112.00 & & \(-13.93\%\) \\
**1 skoc1** & 9.31 & 1731.00 & **2 fkoc1** & 10.18 & 1470.00 & & \(-15.08\%\) \\ \hline
**1 fkoc2** & 9.21 & 1133.00 & **88.08\%** & **2 fkoc2** & 9.34 & 941.50 & & \(-16.90\%\) \\
**1 skoc2** & 11.26 & 2131.00 & **2 fkoc2** & 11.3 & 1409.00 & & \(-33.88\%\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}