## 4 Analysis of Influencing Factors of Surface Deformation Around Foundation Pit Excavation  
According to earlier research, the surrounding surface settlement stays under the safety threshold when the foundation pit's excavation depth reaches 50 m and the slope's design angle is 30 degrees. Because of a variety of circumstances including local geology, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock and soil in the foundation pit excavation area may alter throughout real foundation pit operations. At the same time, the foundation pit's geometrical characteristics may be changed in accordance with how the excavation operation is going. This work discusses the deformation law of the surrounding surface under various parameter changes using the derived elastic theory solution in order to better direct the design of the foundation pit excavation plan. The deformation law of the surrounding surface under various elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios of the rock and soil in the foundation pit excavation region was examined while maintaining the slope's geometric characteristics constant. Details are shown in Figures 9 and 10. The inclined displacement, vertical displacement, and horizontal displacement of the surrounding surface exhibited an almost inverse proportional function connection with rises in elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio while the foundation pit's geometric parameters were maintained. As the distance from the monitoring point to the slope top increased, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and inclined displacement of the surrounding ground surface gradually decreased, as illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, provided that a specific elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio were met. The surrounding ground surface's horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and inclined displacement all exhibited declining trends as the elastic modulus increased. The surrounding ground surface's horizontal  
Figure 8: Comparison curve graph of numerical simulation results and analytical solution data. displacement, vertical displacement, and inclined displacement all steadily diminished as Poisson's ratio rose. Figure 10: Deformation laws of the surrounding ground surface around the foundation pit under different Poisson’s ratios: (**a**) horizontal displacement; (**b**) vertical displacement; (**c**) inclined displacement. Figure 9: Laws of deformation of the ground surface around the foundation pit under various elastic moduli: (**a**) horizontal displacement; (**b**) vertical displacement; (**c**) inclined displacement. Within a fixed foundation pit excavation area, rock and soil's physical and mechanical parameters usually remain constant. However, the geometric properties of the foundation pit also alter as foundation pit excavation technology advances and engineering needs change. In engineering design, this is often the deciding element that is prioritized. Under the conditions of certain elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of rock and soil, the relationship curves of excavation depth, foundation pit slope angle, and surrounding ground surface deformation were drawn. Figures 13 and 14 show that the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and inclined displacement of the surrounding ground surface gradually increased with increasing slope angle and excavation depth. When the slope angle remained constant, the deformation of the surrounding ground surface decreased with increasing distance from the slope top; when the excavation depth was continuous, the deformation of the surrounding ground surface increased significantly with increasing distance from the slope top. Figure 15 shows that the degree of deformation of the surrounding ground surface steadily rose with the depth of excavation. The surrounding ground surface's deformation may be efficiently controlled and maintained within the safety threshold range by appropriately reducing the slope angle.