## 3 Results and Discussion
### Lipid Production and Fatty Acids Profiles
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fatty Acids** & **BBM (\%)** & **10\%WW (\%)** & **20\%WW (\%)** & **50\%WW (\%)** \\ \hline C11:0 & 2.80 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2.77 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\circ}\) & 3.62 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\circ}\) & 3.27 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ C16:0 & 48.52 \(\pm\) 5.85 \({}^{\circ}\) & 56.06 \(\pm\) 1.69 \({}^{\circ}\) & 63.17 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\circ}\) & 65.52 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ C16:1 & 2.35 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2.12 \(\pm\) 0.20 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2.62 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2.17 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ C18:0 & 3.45 \(\pm\) 0.14 \({}^{\circ}\) & 6.66 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\circ}\) & 7.38 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\circ}\) & 7.75 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ C18:1 (trans) & 6.73 \(\pm\) 1.06 \({}^{\circ}\) & ND & ND & ND \\ C18:1 (cis) & 7.28 \(\pm\) 1.98 \({}^{\circ}\) & 22.57 \(\pm\) 1.71 \({}^{\circ}\) & 20.47 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\circ}\) & 19.06 \(\pm\) 0.72 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ C18:2 & 15.39 \(\pm\) 1.82 \({}^{\circ}\) & 3.02 \(\pm\) 0.20 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2.74 \(\pm\) 1.29 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2.22 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ C18:3 & 13.48 \(\pm\) 0.84 \({}^{\circ}\) & 6.80 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\circ}\) & ND & ND \\ SFAs & 54.78 \(\pm\) 6.05 \({}^{\circ}\) & 65.50 \(\pm\) 1.69 \({}^{\circ}\) & 74.16 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\circ}\) & 76.55 \(\pm\) 0.20 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ MUFAs & 16.35 \(\pm\) 2.96 \({}^{\circ}\) & 24.68 \(\pm\) 1.88 \({}^{\circ}\) & 23.09 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\circ}\) & 21.23 \(\pm\) 0.72 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ PUFAs & 28.87 \(\pm\) 2.66 \({}^{\circ}\) & 9.82 \(\pm\) 0.30 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.91 \(\pm\) 1.29 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2.22 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} ND: not detected, SFAs: saturated fatty acids, MUFAs: monomsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Fatty acid profiles of _C. zofingiensis_ grown in whey wastewater (WW) compared to BBM medium (mean \(\pm\) standard deviation of three different tests, n = 3). Letters indicate statistical order of differences after one way ANOVA and post hoc tests (\(p\) < 0.05): a \(>\) b \(>\) c \(>\) d.  
Table 4 lists the FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) compositions of _Chromochloris zofingiensis_ grown in 10%, 20%, and 50% whey wastewater compared to BBM medium. In this study, eight fatty acids were detected in _C. zofingiensis_, primarily palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1 cis), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). Similar findings were reported in previous studies [16, 64, 65]. For instance, _Chlorella pyrenoidosa_ grown in diluted primary piggery wastewater exhibited nine fatty acids, with palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid being the most prevalent [65]. Likewise, _Chlorella vulgaris_ grown in dairy wastewater pretreated by UV irradiation and sodium hypochlorite showed a similar fatty acid profile [64]. [PERSON] et al. [16] found comparable results for _Chlorella_ sp., _Scenedesmus_ sp., and _Chromochloris zofingiensis_ grown in raw dairy wastewater, where the most abundant fatty acids were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. These findings highlight the consistency of fatty acid profiles across different wastewater types and microalgal species, underscoring their potential as feedstocks for biofuel production. Compared to BBM medium, there were notable increases in the relative contents of C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 (cis) and notable decreases in the relative contents of C18:1 (trans), C18:2, and C18:3 in the whey wastewater experiments. _Chlorella pyrenoidosa_ exhibited variations in fatty acid composition when grown in diluted piggery wastewater, with notable decreases in the relative contents of oleic acid (C18:1) and hexadecadienoic acid (C16:2), and an increase in the relative content of hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) compared to the standard medium [65]. Fatty acids with 16-18 carbon atoms are considered the best components for biodiesel production due to their ideal chain length and properties [22].