# Optimization of Wiring Harness Logistics Flow
## 1 Introduction
As a result, manufacturers must adhere to stringent quality standards and regulatory requirements, often necessitating rigorous testing and certification processes. Furthermore, the wiring harness industry is subject to continuous technological innovation and advancements. This includes developing new materials, such as high-performance insulating and shielding materials, as well as integrating advanced technologies, such as data transmission capabilities and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Additionally, the industry is increasingly focused on sustainability and environmental responsibility, driving the development of eco-friendly materials and manufacturing processes. However, comparing the process assembly flow from twenty years ago in relation to the contemporary process of assembly flow implemented in wiring harness manufacturing, we can observe an important similarity between then and now; even though the assembly tables and electrical check table have evolved, the lines are mainly following the same structure, with a dynamic assembly line or rotary line (carousel), depending on the complexity of the wiring harness, and manual assembly operations still represent over 90% of the wiring harness price. Optimizing the processes is necessary to increase the activity's added value in this context. Math elements are widely used to describe different technological processes. The Simplex algorithm can be effectively used to control the values of the technological process parameters [6]. Engineering optimization is a global subject of interest for many scientific research teams. It is part of today's mathematical modeling and approaches to the control of processes and systems. An effective approach is applying nonlinear programming methods (NLP) to optimize solving a specific problem in engineering practice [7]. Also, the Simplex algorithm, a linear programming element by nature, can optimize a process to be profitable [8]. The use of WITNESS Horizon simulation software to optimize production systems within the enterprise can effectively simulate processes and workflows [9]. WITNESS Horizon simulation can dynamically adjust parameter changes in real time. These changes impact the simulation results and improve their accuracy [10]. Integrating the simulations made with the WITNESS Horizon software with the Simplex algorithm represents a powerful approach for analyzing and optimizing complex systems. This integration obtains valuable information that improves the company's operational performance. In the context of this paper, the Simplex algorithm is used as a complementary analysis tool to support the results obtained with the help of the WITNESS Horizon software. Previous research has highlighted the impact of having a production process mainly composed of manual assembly operations on wiring harness assembly productivity, as well as the challenges the harness makers meet in increasing the automation degree. [PERSON] and [PERSON] also studied the impact of having a production process composed mostly by manual operations, and after a deep analysis of each operation, they applied the lean production concept and IE method to identify the bottlenecks and optimize a wiring harness assembly line. They applied the ECRS principles to reorganize each workstation, reduce the unnecessary waiting time and apply the needed layout modifications. The improved production process generated a production rate increase of 22.18%, and required a reduction of six operators [11]. In analyzing research papers related to wire harness assembly and human-robot collaboration (HRC), several key themes and correlations emerge that highlight advancements in manufacturing efficiency and workplace ergonomics, as follows:  
* Human-robot collaboration--Several studies emphasize the integration of robots into manual assembly processes, with a focus on enhancing productivity and safety. [PERSON] et al.