esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction
Despite the potential advantage of using PL to process beer, there are also complex challenges that could have an adverse effect on beer quality; hence, any modification of this application requires an evaluation of the equipment used to enable microbial reduction without changing quality parameters. First, beer has a low UV transmittance and short penetration depth, requiring specialized systems capable of handling liquids in thin profiles. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17] developed continuous-flow pulsed UV light reactors for processing liquid foods in annular tube and coiled tube configurations and found that coiled tube reactors offered a higher efficiency compared to annular tube reactor designs. However, research has also established that beer exposure to UV and visible light (up to 500 nm) can trigger the degradation reactions of the iso-\(\alpha\)-acids present in beer leading to the formation of 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol (3-MBT), a phenomenon commonly known as \"lightstruck\" [18; 19]. 3-MBT is an undesirable volatile compound with an aroma associated with skunk spray and has an extremely low sensory threshold of 2-7 ng/L [20; 21]. Limiting the exposure to UV wavelengths is critical in the successful deployment of a PL design system on light-sensitive beverages such as beer. To limit the formation of 3-MBT by removing wavelengths below 400 nm, clear and bronze-tinted polycarbonate solid sheets (PSS) were tested as optical filters in this study. The overall objective of this research was to investigate the effect of filtering out the UV part of the wavelengths of PL on the microbial reduction in _L. brevis_, concentrations of 3-MBT, and changes in the physicochemical properties of beer, namely color, bitterness, pH, and total soluble solids (TSS). It was hypothesized that the PL treatment of beers with UV filters would limit 3-MBT concentrations compared to treatment without any filters. The use of a bronze-tinted filter was hypothesized to reduce 3-MBT more effectively than the clear filter, since the bronze-tinted filter not only removes UV akin to a clear filter but also inhibits visible light transmission between 400 and 500 nm, a known trigger wavelength range for 3-MBT formation, and reduces the transmission of other visible and infrared wavelengths. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study of pulsed light on beer.
# Design and Validation of a U-Net-Based Algorithm for Star Sensor Image Segmentation
## 4 Discussion
### ARCSEC SPACE Sagitta Star Tracker  
The SAGITTA Star Tracker from ARCSEC SPACE (Figure 16) was chosen due to its good features both for AD and RSO detection purposes. Its most important features for these purposes are the following:  
* FOV: 24.8 deg (squared);
* Sensor Size: 2048 \(\times\) 2048 px
* Cut Off Magnitude: 7;
* Working Frequency: Up to 10 Hz;
* Accuracy: 2 arc seconds (1 sigma) cross-boresight, 10 arc seconds (1 sigma) around boresight.  
It is compact and suitable for microsatellites and cubesats missions with dimensions of 45 \(\times\) 50 \(\times\) 95 mm\({}^{3}\), a mass of 275 g and a low power consumption of 1.4 W. This device will be customized for the intended missions and used just as OH.  
Figure 15: Payload architecture and the role of the BOSS algorithms (for the OH SAGITTA, Credits to ARCSEC SPACE).
## 1 Introduction
Also, by using the non-linear least squares method, the authors found that the effective disruption volume increased with the increase in bead diameter (the proportionality constant \(\beta\) increased from \(3.45\times 10^{-8}\) mm\({}^{3}\) at a bead diameter of 0.375 mm to 1.61 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-7}\) mm\({}^{3}\) at a 0.625 mm diameter) [13]. In another paper, [PERSON] et al. (2014), used glass beads with diameters between 0.5-1 mm, in addition to other methods of cell rupture. The study showed that the solubilized material content after cell rupture did not vary significantly, but the content in \(\beta\)-glucans clearly increased (14.10%) by using glass beads with a diameter of 0.5 mm, compared to an increase of 12.4% using beads 1 mm in diameter [14]. Considering these critical factors presented above, the aim of this study was to optimize the lysis of spent brewer's yeast, _S. cerevisiae_ cells, by using as variables three different yeast suspension concentrations, yeast/glass bead ratios, and vortexing times. Furthermore, we analyzed the molecular characteristics and the content of insoluble \(\beta\)-glucan extracted by the conventional alkaline acid method from the optimal sample.
# Power Battery Scheduling Optimization Based on Double DQN Algorithm with Constraints
## 4 Methodology
### The Relationship between the Optimization Problem and Double DQN  
The double DQN algorithm is used to determine the function \(f(m,x)\), which is a method for collaborative tasks such as target detection [39] and internet scheduling [40]. We define the state space according to Equations (1) and (2), as follows:  
\[\begin{split} S=[point_{data},time_{test},time_{data},time_{step},index_{step},index_{cycle},current,\\ voltage,capacity_{charge},capacity_{discharge},energy_{charge},\\ energy_{discharge},\frac{dV}{dt},IR,Temperature]\end{split} \tag{26}\]  
It is a high dimensional continuous space. Therefore, principal component analysis is chosen for dimensionality reduction, which is transformed into three principal components and then input into the double DQN algorithm. Since whether to charge the battery is highly operational in reality, and the number of charging protocols in the dataset limits our decision accuracy, we chose to schedule charging, discharging, and rest during the battery cycle aging process. The action space is written as:  
\[A=[0,1,2] \tag{27}\]  
where 0 is for resting, 1 is for discharging, and 2 is for charging. The current action space is set for constant current. Suppose the directly available capacity of the battery is below 80% of the nominal capacity. In that case, the battery is considered severely discharged, at which point this episode ends, and the state of the battery is reinitialized in the next episode. In this study, the duration of each action step is 5 min.  
During the learning process of the agent, the environment accepts the action of the battery agent, processes the battery, and generates rewards. The reward function is designed based on the optimization problem in the mathematical description to maximize the battery's cycle life.  
It is well known that both the internal resistance and temperature of the battery are essential factors affecting battery aging. However, the battery aging dataset used in this paper mainly affects the cyclic aging process by controlling charging and discharging current. Temperature and internal resistance are secondary factors in this dataset, and  
Figure 8: (**a**) Contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate results; (**b**) overall results of PCA.
# Intersection and Complement Set (IACS) Method to Reduce Redundant Node in Mobile WSN Localization
## 1 Introduction
Then, the average filtering stage will only select neighbor nodes with a higher number of elements in the intersection or complement sets. This will further reduce the excessive data, which is not needed to estimate the location information. To ensure the reliability of our proposed method, we evaluate our proposed method with Mobile and Static sensor network Localization* (MSL*) and LCC scheme. In the evaluation, all methods are tested in various scenarios that consist of default parameter, different maximum number of samples, different nodes mobility speed, different degree of irregularity, and different node density. Their performances are evaluated and compared in terms of localization accuracy, closeness value, computation cost, communication cost, and energy consumption. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 reviews the literature on WSN Localization. Section 3 discusses the problem analysis on the benchmarks. Section 4 describes the details of the proposed IACS method and the experimental setup for the simulation. Section 5 presents the description of the evaluation metrics follows with the evaluation results. Discussion and conclusion follows in Sections 6 and 7.
## 3 Fault Diagnosis Method of Planet Gear Based on CVS and MED  
Analysis in Section 2 indicates that challenges of planet gear fault diagnosis mainly include planetary movements-caused modulation effects and regular vibrations-caused signal overwhelming for fault-induced impulsive signals. To address these challenges while overcoming shortage of vibration separation, continuous vibration separation (CVS) for planet gear is proposed after meshing regularity analysis, then minimum entropy deconvolution (MED) filter method is used for enhancement detection of fault-induced impulses, and at last, a fault diagnosis method of planet gear using CVS and MED is proposed.
## 5 Application of the Approach
### Integration of Preventive and Reactive Measures in the Production Schedule  
Figure 7 shows the result of the scheduling in the form of a risk-treated production plan for the allocation of orders on the workstations.  
In order to counter R7, the failure of furnace 4, causing a delayed melting, the reactive measure M5 was implemented in the backup plan, which is only used when the risk arises. Measure M5, the utilization of another unoccupied furnace, can then be implemented by the switch from furnace 4 (workstation 8) to furnace 1 (workstation 5) if R7 occurs.  
In addition, M6 and M7 were implemented in the plan as preventive measures, which means that they replace the original production plan.  
1. M6 (adjustment of the process start) is implemented in the melting process on furnace 2 (workstation 6). This avoids possible warm-up times in furnace 2 due to a delayed casting time in the event of the occurrence of R7, as furnace 2 is used for the pre-melting for furnace 4.
2. M7 is implemented by the adjustment of temperature (decreased) and thus an extended duration of the melting process on furnace 3 (workstation 7). This is necessary in order to synchronize the termination of the melting processes on the furnaces for the casting.  
As a reaction to a faulty core, which was identified as R4, the reactive measure M4, the preparation of an additional core, was scheduled in the backup plan to create a replacement core on workstation 3. Since the core creation can be carried out flexibly in a longer time interval, it was placed at times with lower reBAP prices.  
Figure 7: Risk-treated production schedule Gantt chart with marked reactive and preventive measures.  
Figure 8 shows the electrical load curve across the TU. The yellow dashed line shows the original load profile. The reBAP forecasts, which affect the timing of measures, are shown in red for orientation. The green load profile represents the risk-treated load. The short-term peaks for the creation of the additional core (M4), as well as the reduction of the load by adjusting parameters (M7), are the effects when the reactive measures are used. With the preventive measure M6, the load profile changes as an effect of the delayed start. Measure M5 with the changed utilization of the furnaces has no effect on the electrical load profile.
# Horizontal Bending Angle Optimization Method for Scraper Conveyor Based on Improved Bat Algorithm
###### Abstract  
The horizontal bending angle of scraper conveyor has a great influence on the running resistance, the current consumption, coal winning efficiency of the working surface, etc. Approximately 1-3\({}^{\circ}\) is usually the range of horizontal bending angle, but does not indicate the optimum bending angle of the coal mining face. To find the optimal horizontal bending angle, an optimization method is proposed. A mathematical calculation model of the running resistance of the scraper is established based on the direction of the shearer operation. Then, a method of adjusting the step size of the search by inertia weight and expanding fly distance range obeying the t-distribution is proposed based on the basic bat algorithm (BA). Finally, an industrial application was conducted in 21220 Changcun fully mechanized coal mining face, Henan Province. The results show that the current consumption by the scraper conveyor was reduced by 31% when the horizontal bending angle of the S-bending area was 0.66\({}^{\circ}\). Meanwhile, the theoretical current has good consistency with the experimental data, and the average absolute error was 3%.  
scraper conveyor; S-bending area; horizontal bending angle; improved bat algorithm; inertia weight; t-distribution +
Footnote †: journal:  
Article
# Design, Simulation, and Comparison of Advanced Control Strategies for a 3-Degree-of-Freedom Robot
## 5 Results
### Classical Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control  
To compare the effectiveness of the controllers, PID control is implemented and defined in (53) and (54).  
\[\dot{\varepsilon}=\mathrm{e} \tag{53}\]  
\[\tau=\mathrm{K_{p}e}+\mathrm{K_{i}\varepsilon+K_{v}\dot{e}} \tag{54}\]  
Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control  
When simulating the PID controller with trajectory A, the graph in Figure 27 is obtained.  
Figure 28 shows the graph of the actual trajectory in 3D.
Figure 27-29 indicate that the controller achieved the desired trajectory, although a notable displacement was observed in the Z coordinate axis.
# Connectivity Maintenance Based on Multiple Relay UAVs Selection Scheme in Cooperative Surveillance
###### Abstract  
For the purpose of remote command and situation awareness, multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) cooperative surveillance with a ground station via multihop communications is presented in this paper. Considering limited communication capacities, a reliable UAV-to-UAV communication relay chain is dynamically established for connectivity maintenance and real-time surveillance information transmission. Firstly, a multiple UAVs cooperative surveillance framework is constructed with history detection information and surveillance payoff estimation. Secondly, four attributes are proposed to characterize differences among UAV alternatives in communication network containing a ground station, and a novel multiple relay UAVs selection scheme based on fuzzy optimum selection is developed to achieve tradeoff between surveillance mission and connectivity maintenance. Furthermore, satisfied with collision avoidance, limited communication and UAV kinematic constraints, the optimal UAV motion plan is obtained by decentralized receding horizon control, which is solved by particle swarm optimization with elite mechanism. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in multi UAVs cooperative surveillance.  
unmanned aerial vehicles; cooperative surveillance; multiple relay UAVs selection scheme; fuzzy optimum selection; particle swarm optimization with elite mechanism +
Footnote †: journal: Applied  
_Article_
## 1 Introduction
Under the IoT OTH maritime surveillance service we consider the raw data gathering from the open sea, data processing by HFSWRs at remote sites and, at the end, the data transfer to the server on a Command and Control Center (C2) location, via the satellite network. Validity of the proposed approach will be demonstrated with the data gathered from the IoT OTH maritime surveillance service deployed in the Gulf of Guinea. It is shown that the satellite link can be a valid solution for IoT OTH maritime surveillance service, when the whole IoT OTH sensor network and service are designed with environmental communication constraints in mind. The main contribution of the paper lies in the description and analysis of the IoT OTH maritime surveillance service, based on HFSWRs, that uses satellite communications as the communication backbone in the equatorial region (the Gulf of Guinea). Research presented in this paper quantifies and proves that communication via satellite link is still highly reliable without affecting service availability and accuracy, despite satellite link performance degrading in the critical weather conditions. The highlight of this paper is a mathematical model for IoT OTH maritime surveillance service that provides constraints for the IoT OTH service design that encompass even the worst weather conditions and thus presents a basis for data fusion algorithm design. In the end, the experience gained from the deployed operating maritime surveillance network and analysis provided in this paper can be used to design and deploy similar systems in other equatorial regions of the world. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: various types of communication infrastructure are analyzed in Section 2. Section 3 presents a description of the whole IoT maritime surveillance sensor network in the Gulf of Guinea, whose IoT OTH maritime surveillance service is an integral part. The Section 4 presents an analysis of typical environmental (weather) conditions which can be found in the area and have an impact on IoT OTH maritime surveillance service. Statistical analyses of the IoT OTH maritime surveillance service behavior over the year are presented in Section 5. The conclusions and future work are summarized in Section 6.
## 3 Methodology
### Tcm-Abc-Lstm
From this point of view, TCM-ABC intelligently chooses the hyperparameters of LSTM. The proposed model uses LSTM as the objective function of TCM-ABC and evaluates its solution in the training phase. This evaluation uses the current solution as hyperparameters, passes it to the LSTM, and subsequently calculates the fitness based on the predictive performance of the LSTM. This scenario is repeated until the maximum number of iterations is reached. The best solution is finally passed to the LSTM as a hyperparameter vector for the testing phase. Using an improved artificial bee colony technique, we were able to determine the hidden layer size, number of hidden layers, time step, batch size, and epoch of LSTM in our work. Determining these ideal settings is crucial since, for instance, if the time step size is set to 1, hardly any information is transmitted. If we consider a large time step, then this means that early-sequence terms will act as noise. Thus, the appropriate optimization of these hyperparameters is indispensable for ensuring the efficacy and reliability of LSTM network models. Figure 3 displays the TCM-ABC-LSTM model's concrete flowchart.
## 5 Conclusions  
To enhance the quality of forgings and decrease energy consumption in the disc forging process, this study conducted MPO for forming load, equivalent stress, and damage value.  
Figure 8: Particle swarm optimization results: (**a**) fitness value iteration curve; (**b**) final distribution state of the particle swarm.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Initial Parameters** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Optimal Process**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Verification**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Comparison**} \\ \cline{2-5} F & 0.3 & 0.3 & 0.3 & — \\ T & 1200 & 1250 & 1250 & — \\ V & 7.5 & 7.5 & 7.5 & — \\ Y & 447 & — & 361 & 86 \\ S & 32.4 & — & 29.9 & 2.5 \\ Z & 0.748 & — & 0.560 & 0.188 \\ GRD & 0.8437 & 0.8936 & 0.9014 & 0.0577 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Comparisons of initial process parameters with optimal process parameter results.  
Firstly, experiments were designed according to the BBD principle, and the MPO problem was transformed into a GRD optimization problem using entropy weight-based GRA. Then, RSM was utilized for the polynomial fitting of the GRD, and we searched for the best solution within the feasible area using PSO. Finally, simulations using the optimized process parameters validated their effectiveness. The results demonstrate that, compared to the initial parameters, the optimal parameters predicted by the proposed RSM combined with BBD and GRA effectively reduced forming load, equivalent stress, and damage values.  
1. PSO was employed to find the optimal process parameters within the feasible region, namely a friction coefficient of 0.3, an initial temperature of 1250 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and a downward pressing speed of 7.5 mm/s. The experimental verification results showed that the GRD was improved, and the forming load, equivalent stress, and damage value were all reduced.
2. The process parameter prediction model proposed in this paper demonstrated good accuracy, providing an effective reference for enhancing forging quality and diminishing energy utilization in actual production.  
Conceptualization, S.W. and Y.L.; methodology, H.L.; software, J.Z.; validation, H.L., G.X. and S.W.; formal analysis, Y.L.; investigation, Y.L.; data curation, Y.L.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.L.; writing--review and editing, G.X.; visualization, F.M.; supervision, G.X.; project administration, H.L.; funding acquisition, S.W. and H.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by a Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Joint Fund Project (No. 225200810029) and a Major Science and Technology Project of Longmen Laboratory (No. 231100220400).  
Not applicable.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.  
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
# Burst Channel Error Reduction Based on Interleaving for Efficient High-Speed Wireless Communication
## 2 Burst Error, OFDM, and Interleaving
### Dwt-Ofdm  
The inverse discrete wavelet transformation (IDWT) and the DWT take the place of the IFFT and FFT, respectively, in the DWT-OFDM system. The output of the IDWT can be represented as [25]:  
\[s(k)=\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}S_{m}^{n}2^{m/2}\psi(2_{k}^{m}-n) \tag{3}\]  
Figure 1: OFDM transceiver [18].  
where \(S_{m}^{n}\) are the wavelet coefficients and \(\psi(t)\) is the wavelet function with compression factor \(m\) and shift \(n\) for each sub-carrier. The process is reversed at the receiver side. The output of the DWT could be formed as shown in Equation (4).  
\[S_{m}^{n}=\sum_{k=0}^{N-1}s(k)2^{m/2}\psi(2_{k}^{m}-n) \tag{4}\]  
In the wavelet-based OFDM system, the MMSE equalizer achieves a significantly lower BER compared to that of the zero-forcing (ZF) equalizer. Therefore, it is considered in our work.