## 1 Introduction  
More than 96% of all registered passenger vehicles in the Slovak Republic are internal combustion engine vehicles. These percentage shares represent the number of registered passenger vehicles as of the end of 2023. By the end of 2023, there were 80,592 registered hybrid passenger vehicles, 8299 electric passenger vehicles, and as many as 2,554,863 passenger vehicles with other propulsion systems. Over the last 8 years, we identified an increase in registered electric passenger vehicles by 8016 and hybrid passenger vehicles by as much as 79,831. The increase in the number of vehicles is shown in Figure 1. The data were obtained from the Presidium of the Police Force of the Slovak Republic [1,2]. These facts indicate the ongoing development of electromobility in the Slovak Republic. However, as stated, statistical surveys show that internal combustion engine vehicles still represent most passenger vehicles in Slovakia. According to the statistics from the Presidium of Fire and Rescue Corps of the Slovak Republic [3], the group with the most fire incidents of vehicles in road transport represents passenger vehicles and vans. We found that over the last 8 years, there have been 6174 fires in road traffic, of which 81% represent fires of passenger vehicles and vans. Specifically,fires of passenger vehicles and vans account for approximately 80% of the total fires in road traffic each year. The comparison of fires is shown in Figure 2, where we can also see a decreasing trend in the fire rate of vehicles in road transport. From the perspective of extinguishing internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) fires, the fire units in Slovakia are adequately equipped. However, the introduction of electric propulsion brings new challenges in terms of extinguishing their fires. Currently, the focus is shifting towards car fire blankets as a solution for extinguishing vehicles with various propulsion systems. Several researchers have dedicated their attention to this issue [4; 5; 6; 7] with various conclusions. Based on the results, it can be deduced that the use of these tools has the potential to be effective in fires involving both electric and conventional propulsion vehicles. The research concept presented in this article was based on testing the effect of the separate application of a car fire blanket to an ICEV fire and high-voltage traction battery  
Figure 1: Number of registered passenger battery electric and hybrid vehicles in Slovakia from 2016 to 2023 [2]. Figure 2: Comparison of overall vehicle fires in road transport and fires of passenger vehicle and vans in Slovakia from 2016 to 2023 [3]. (HTB) fire. Although the ICEV was within this study, we aimed to establish the research on comprehensive application. For this reason, a car fire blanket test focused on extinguishing HTB fires was conducted. This type of energy storage system is widely used in electric vehicles [8]. According to several researchers [9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14], energy storage systems in electric vehicles pose safety challenges, especially in terms of the complex fire suppression of HTB fires. We hypothesized that if the fire blanket application proves effective individually on ICEV and HTB fires, it has the potential to be effective on battery electric vehicle (BEV) and PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) fires as well. Simultaneously, the effectiveness of these tools in suppressing HTB fires in storage facilities was also identified. After conducting the survey of the addressed issue, we found that fires involving PHEVs, BEVs, and ICEVs share certain similarities. Researchers [15; 16] found that the general behavior of BEVs and ICEVs subjected to the same external thermal stress was similar. However, compared to ICEV fires, BEV fires are characterized by rapid changes in energy release and overall higher heat release rates (HRRs) due to the presence of an HTB. Researchers in publications [14; 16] did not identify significant differences in HRR and total heat release (THR) peaks between BEV and ICEV fires.