# Risk Factor Analysis of Elevator Brake Failure Based on DEMATEL-ISM
## 5 Conclusions  
1. Given the complexity of failures in elevator drum brake systems, the analysis is conducted from two perspectives: equipment-level failure risk factors and comprehensive failure risk factors. To address equipment-level failures, this paper introduced FMEA, an analysis method focused on identifying failures from a reliability standpoint, and determined the equipment-level failure risk factors by considering all possible failure modes and influencing factors in a comprehensive manner through the decomposition of the equipment structure, ensuring omission and repetition; for the analysis of comprehensive failure risk factors, the 24 Model methodology for solving complex system problems was introduced to determine comprehensive failure risk factors broken down by the four behavioral phases of Guiding Behavior, Operational Behavior, Habitual Behavior, Disposable Behavior and Physical State of internal causes, as well as by external causes. Finally, 16 important influencing factors were screened based on the expert scoring method and the affiliation function to form a comprehensive failure risk factor indicator system. 2. The causal attributes, level of importance of the 16 influencing factors were investigated using the DEMATEL method combined with grey system theory. The recursive hierarchical structure of these factors was determined through ISM, clarifying their logical relationships. 3. The grey DEMATEL analysis shows that among the 16 influencing factors, 9 are categorized as Cause Factors and 7 as Result Factors, and the 16 factors are classified into four categories; the 6-order ISM recursive hierarchical diagram was obtained through ISM analysis and the six strata were classified into Root Influence factors layer, Intermediate Influencing factors layer and Direct Influence factors layer. Combined with the results of grey DEMATEL-ISM analysis, three key control influences were identified, including policy planning, management control, and main responsibility. In response to the results of the study, suggested measures are proposed to enhance risk management for elevator brake failures based on these findings. * Comprehensive analysis of elevator brake failure factors enhances future maintenance and management, enabling prompt identification of fault origins and rational scheduling of inspections and maintenance. This reduces brake failure probability and improves elevator safety and reliability. Furthermore, it promotes advancements in elevator monitoring systems by prioritizing data collection and analysis of key factors, enabling early fault detection and providing technical support for safe operation. The proposed methodology is also applicable to analyzing similar fault determinants in other systems. * In future work, further investigation into the critical pathways of influencing factors is necessary. It is recommended to explore the integration of the methods used in this study with Bayesian networks to employ probabilistic inference techniques for identifying the most critical pathways of influence propagation. * In the process of grey DEMATEL-ISM analysis, although 16 influencing factors' causal attributes were successfully identified, these methods struggle to handle the complexity brought about by dynamic changes among the factors. The evaluations based on expert scoring may be limited by the knowledge and experience of the experts, leading to biases in the estimation of importance. Future research should attempt to use data-driven methods, such as cluster analysis, to more objectively determine the relative importance of the influencing factors. Conceptualization, J.F. ; methodology, J.F. ; validation, D.L. ; formal analysis, [PERSON]; investigation, J.F. ; data curation, [PERSON]; writing--original draft preparation, [PERSON] and W.L. ; writing--review and editing, J.D. and Y.W. ; visualization, W.L. ; supervision, Y.W. ; funding acquisition, J.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.