## 3 Results
### Roles and Actions of Artificial Intelligence
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**AI Role** & **Actions** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Guidance} & Help and guidance on programming tasks, creates explanations & [7; 9; 10; 13; 20; 22; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30] \\  & Help, guidance, and advice on solving problems & [11; 16; 17; 18; 20; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 35; 36] \\  & Solutions and examples to difficult programming tasks & [13; 20; 22; 29; 30] \\  & Real-time answers, help, advice, and explanations & [14; 21; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 35] \\  & Guides and advises students on the correct & [23; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30] \\  & formulation of SQL questions & [26; 27; 28; 29; 30] \\  & Provides comparison and iterative feedback on & [26; 27; 28; 29; 30] \\  & different solutions to programming problems & [26; 27; 28; 29; 30] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Code Writing} & Creates ready-made code & [11; 12; 13; 15; 16; 17; 18; 20; 22; 24; 25; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37] \\  & Modifying incomplete or incorrect code & [10; 11; 13; 15; 17; 18; 20; 21; 26; 27; 29; 30; 31; 32] \\  & Provides examples of best practices in SQL coding & [29; 30] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Question Generation} & Creates exercises and quizzes for better & [11; 18; 20; 27; 29; 30] \\  & understanding & [11; 19; 20; 27; 29; 30] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Creates multiple-choice questions & [8; 27; 29; 30] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Generates true/false questions to assess & [29; 30] \\ \cline{1-1}  & comprehension & [29; 30] \\ \hline Progress Monitoring & Monitors student progress and generates statistics & [14; 30] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Enhancing Learning} & Immediate feedback and help & [7; 9; 11; 15; 19; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 27; 29; 30; 32; 34; 36] \\  & Better understanding of concepts & [7; 9; 11; 12; 27; 29; 30; 32; 34; 35; 37] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Efficient learning and teaching & [8; 11; 20; 27; 29; 30; 32; 34; 35; 36; 37] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Improved performance and creativity & [10; 16; 29; 30; 32; 37] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Real-time gamified experience & [14] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: AI roles and actions in computer science education. The most frequently utilized AI action is help and guidance on code writing, reinforcing AI's role in providing real-time explanations, debugging support, correct formulation of SQL questions, and problem-solving assistance. Similarly, generating ready-made code is a dominant AI action in code writing, enabling students to efficiently develop and refine coding solutions. AI also plays a significant role in personalized learning, where it adapts responses and support to individual students' needs. For the enhancing and accelerating learning role, the most cited action is providing immediate feedback and real-time assistance, helping students correct mistakes and refine their understanding on demand. AI-driven performance/quality assessment, while less frequently, it is primarily focused on evaluating the correctness and effectiveness of students' solutions, ensuring that responses are accurate and aligned with learning objectives. It also assists with solution quality assessment and SQL query feedback. Progress monitoring, the least explored function, is limited to two studies [14; 30], indicating that AI's potential in tracking student learning progress, generating analytics, and providing data-driven insights is largely untapped. Automated question generation remains an emerging application, with AI used to create quizzes and multiple-choice questions for better assessment alignment.