## 4 Experiment Result and Analysis
### The Working Mechanism of Motion Information Channel  
To demonstrate the working mechanism of the \(\mathcal{CISTMD}\) model precisely, we use a simulation image data sequence generated by vision agg to help us visualize the information processing flow of the system. Figure 7a provides a visual representation of a data image from the simulation dataset, showing the small object and complex background moving in reverse orientations. The object and background exhibit speeds of 250 pixels per second and 150 pixels per second, respectively, while the indicators \(V_{T}\) and \(V_{B}\) represent their respective movement orientations. Moreover, the tree and the artificial characteristic are regarded as a large object and a false positive in the background, both moving in concert with the backdrop. Figure 7b visually displays the target's motion trajectory. We take a frame of the test video at time \(t_{0}=500\) ms, and display each neuron response output of \(x\) concerning \(y_{0}=126\),68 pixels. The incoming brightness data \(I(x,y_{0},t_{0})\) and ommatidia response \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Equations** & **Parameters** \\ \hline (1) & \(\sigma_{1}=1\) \\ (3) & \(n_{1}=2,\tau_{1}=3,n_{2}=6,\tau_{2}=9\) \\ (7) & \(n_{3}=5,\tau_{3}=25\) \\ (10) & \(\sigma_{2}=1.5,\sigma_{3}=3\) \\ (11) & \(\varphi=1,\psi=3,e=1,\rho=0\) \\ (13) & \(k=5,z=25\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Model coefficients. \(P(x,y_{0},t_{0})\) are displayed in Figure 8a-d, where Figure 8a,c signifies the input brightness and ommatidia response that includes a column with a true small target, Figure 8b,d denotes the input brightness and ommatidia response that includes a column with a fake target. It is easily identifiable that the input stimuli has a lot of backdrop noise and the true small object is hidden in the detailed backdrop interference. It is powerless to discriminate small target motion from backdrop noise. From Figure 8c,d, we can see that the ommatidia output signal is smoother than the input signal. This is because the ommatidia output signal is obtained by Gaussian denoising in the ommatidia neuron. As demonstrated in Figure 8e,f, the LMCs' output signals are extremely complex and they are generated by computing the change in ommatidia output signal over time \(t\). A positive value signal from the LMC reflects an increase in brightness, while a negative value signal indicates a decrease in brightness at time \(t_{0}\). Figure 8e,f only shows the change of the signal at time \(t_{0}\) and does not point out the traits of the small object, so it cannot be used to identify the movement of the small target or suppress the false target. Figure 6: **(a)** The spatial dimensions of the small target and its surrounding local neighborhood, where \(w\) and \(h\) denote the width and height of the target, respectively. **(b–e)** The STMD model’s responsiveness to the dynamics of objects with assorted Weber contrast, movement velocity, width, and height attributes. Figure 7: **(a)** A \(300\times 250\) pixel frame sampled from the synthetic dataset. A small, dark object (the target) is observed moving in a direction opposite to the complex background. Both the target and background exhibit constant velocities of 250 and 150 pixels per second, respectively. The markers \(V_{T}\)and \(V_{B}\) denote the direction of movement for the true object and the backdrop, respectively. **(b)** The trajectory of the small target over a duration of 800 ms. The Tm3 and Tm1 neuron outputs are given in Figure 9a-d. The Tm3 and Tm1 neuron's output signals are acquired by separating the positive and negative signals of LMCs' output signals. We observe that the Tm3 neuron output is determined by the upward component of the LMC response result, whereas the Tm1 neuron output reflects the negative component of the LMC response result in its delayed state. Within the motion detection channel, the STMD processes the signals emitted by the Tm3 and Tm1 neurons, with the result displayed in Figure 10a,b.