# Study on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Landslides in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River
## 4 Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Giant Landslides in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River
The spatial distribution patterns of giant landslides in the study area mainly have the following characteristics:  
C Giant landslides are mainly distributed in the area bounded by the Jishishian fault and the Laji Mountain fault in the West Qinling Mountains (Figure 9), and the Jianzha \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Distribution**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Landslide**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Landslide**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Langitude**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Relative**} & \\  & & & & & **Height** & & \\  & & & & & **Difference** & **Residual** & \\  & **Landslide** & **Name** & **Longitude** & **Latitude** & **between** & **Volume/** & **Slope** \\  & & & & & **Landslide** & \(\times\)**10\({}^{8}\) m\({}^{3}\)** & **Gradient/\({}^{\circ}\)** \\  & & & & & **Front and** & & \\  & & & & & **Back Edge** & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Jishi Gorge area} & \multirow{2}{*}{HP18} & Mengda & \multirow{2}{*}{102\({}^{\circ}\)38\({}^{\prime}\)19\({}^{\prime\prime}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{35\({}^{\circ}\)49\({}^{\prime}\)48\({}^{\prime\prime}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{250} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.16} & \multirow{2}{*}{18} \\  & & Township & landslide & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Ma Po Dong & \multirow{2}{*}{102\({}^{\circ}\)35\({}^{\prime}\)18\({}^{\prime\prime}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{36\({}^{\circ}\)49\({}^{\prime}\)31\({}^{\prime\prime}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{350} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.42} & \multirow{2}{*}{50} \\  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline Guanting basin & HP21 & Badashan & \multirow{2}{*}{102\({}^{\circ}\)55\({}^{\prime}\)03\({}^{\prime\prime}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{35\({}^{\circ}\)22\({}^{\prime}\)05\({}^{\prime\prime}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{350} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.66} & \multirow{2}{*}{35} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._basin is the most developed, accounting for about 1/3 of the total number, showing a concentrated distribution in the region. The topography of the upper reaches of the Yellow River is generally presented as a Neogene red bed basin bounded by the Jishi Mountain and the Lagi Mountain bedrock belt. The Yellow River runs through the basin and forms a deep valley. The phased uplift of the Tibetan Plateau causes the Yellow River to be sharply cut down in stages, and multistage terraces are formed along the valley [27]. 2 Restricted by river-side erosion, giant landslides in the study area mainly occur at the concave bank and bend of the Yellow River. For example, the mudflat landslide in the Qunke-Jianzha Basin, the Kangdong landslide, and the Golongbu landslide in the Jishi Gorge area all occur at the concave bank of the Yellow River. Meanwhile, landslides occurring at the bend of the river make it easy to block the Yellow River and form barrier lakes. On the other hand, after the occurrence of a landslide, the accumulation body changes the channel and accumulates in the convex bank. 3 The elevation of the giant landslide front is closely related to the terrace. Ac-cording to the distribution of the front elevation of 21 giant landslides, they are concentrated at an elevation of 2000-2200 m. Since the slope foot is the most concentrated part of shear stress, the front elevation of large landslides is usually located near the riverbed elevation [28].