## 3 Uses of Cold Plasma in Food Industry
### Germination  
The procedure by which the embryo in the grain evolves to be a plumule and radiate is known as seed germination. Grains take up water, which causes non-active tissues to swell and cell division to begin. The radiate develops from micropylar and begins to move into the growing medium. These eventually develop into the root system, which provides nonwithstanding and water to the plants during their lifetimes [30]. Seed dormancy is a naturally occurring grain feature that allows a species to reproduce in order to survive [31]. Plasma treatment generates a variety of agents capable of breaking dormancy (e.g., UV radiation, radicals, chemical reactions). According to reports, CP has previously been evaluated with different plants:  
CP treatments remedy drought stress damage to oilseed rape. The CP method and techniques have remarkably improved seedling growth and germination due to improved seed wettability, antioxidant enzyme activities, soluble sugar and protein contents, and reduced lipid peroxidation-linked membrane deterioration [32]. Therefore, CP treatment can be used to protect seeds from the damage caused by drought stress. The CP treatment can be effective in reducing seedling mortality and improving seed germination rate. Seed germination rates were found to be faster after plasma treatment. Plasma reactive species have been shown to be capable of penetrating into the seed coat and having  
Figure 2: Cold plasma technology is used in various stages of food production. a significant impact on the cells within. Furthermore, plasma exposure causes surface ablation on the seed coat, which actively encourages moisture and oxygen entry into the embryo and stimulates seed germination. Plasma has also been shown to destabilize the cell wall and influence the enzyme activity that brings the seed out of dormancy and encourages germination [33]. Germination and early growth are aided by cold plasma. These effects are linked to decreases in the percentage of fungi-infected seeds, modifications in the physiochemical parameters and biochemical properties of seedcoats (higher hydrophilicity), as well as modifications in antioxidant and phytohormone profiles [34]. Cold helium plasma seed treatment can potentially increase wheat yield by improving germination, promoting wheat development, and raising its physiological quality, resulting in improved grain production and better resistance to pests and mycotoxins [35]. CP treatments have been shown to increase soybean germination and seedling productivity. The improvement in soybean seed germination and seedling growth in response to CP treatment appears to be due to an increase in water absorption, seed supply consumption, and soluble carbohydrate and protein contents [36]. Peanut seed germination and plant growth also improved with CP treatment. CP treatment significantly increased seedling growth parameters, improved plant growth potential, germination percentage, dry mass, enhanced vegetative growth, and dry weight at the fruiting stage. Additionally, it improved plant length, stem dimension, root dry mass at maturity level, and yield in field conditions [37]. Brief plasma procedures (30-60 s) have been shown in studies to significantly improve wheat seeds' germination properties and seedling growth parameters; the mechanism of plasma exposure and spending time in an enclosed reactor after the procedure determined these effects. The most effective treatment was an indirect plasma treatment for 60 s, followed by 24 h of contact time between plasma-produced compounds and grains after treatment. When compared to control samples, this was found to enhance wheat germination by 14.7%. Numerous different growth factors have also been enhanced. CP can be a suitable replacement for pre-sowing grain procedures used in farming to enhance germination [38]. In optimized conditions, plasma treatment causes the functionalization of the wheat seed surface with oxygen functional groups, primarily oxidizing the lipid molecules found naturally on the target surface.