## 1 Introduction  
Remote sensing utilizes satellite and/or airborne-based sensors that can provide useful data for inventorying vegetation [1]. The population of individuals who have allergies to pollen has been consistently increasing, particularly in urban and industrial areas [2]. Allergies are the most prevalent chronic disease in Europe, affecting over 150 million European citizens, according to the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). It is projected that by 2025, more than 50% of all Europeans will suffer from at least one type of allergy, without distinction of age, social class, or geographical location. The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing rapidly in parallel with triggers such as urbanization, industrialization, pollution, and climate change [3]. These diseases lead to a reduction in productivity and an increase in sick leave among sensitive individuals, greatly impacting European business and healthcare economies. It is estimated that asthma and allergic rhinitis alone result in over 100 million lost workdays and missed school days in Europe annually [4]. Identifying and locating allerggenic tree species in highly urbanized areas is crucial as it allows for an understanding of their distribution and prevalence in urban areas. Urbanization can lead to changes in the tree species composition, which can significantly impact the health of residents, particularly those with allergies [5]. Pollen is defined as the strongest natural aeroallergen and the most common causative agent of allergic diseases of the respiratory system in Europe. The geographical distribution of plants has a significant influence on their allergenic impact, e.g., the trees of the family Betulaceae are widespread and shed large quantities of windborne pollen [6]. [PERSON] et al. [6] made an analysis of the pollen count distribution for the central part of Croatia (Zagreb). As mentioned in their research, the most common allergenic species in Croatia are particular tree species such as alder (_Almus_ sp. ), hazel (_Corylus avelana_ L.), and birch (_Betula pendula_ L.), weeds such as _Ambrosia_ sp., _Parietaria_ sp., and _Artemisia_ sp., and many types of grass, e.g., _Poacae_. In addition, these allergenic species are common in the temperate zones of Europe [7], and the developed methodology from this research could also be applicable to other areas of Europe. Furthermore, by identifying and mapping allergenic tree species, city planners and public health officials can make informed decisions about tree planting and management [8]. Many studies used optical remote sensing satellite data to map allergenic pollen vegetation on a large scale. [PERSON] et al. [9] developed the FlorTree model to evaluate the pollution-removal capabilities of 221 urban tree species in various cities. The model considers species-specific and local factors to maximize air quality improvements. Their findings emphasize the necessity for strategic urban tree selection based on local conditions. From the UK pollen network, [PERSON] et al. [10] used 12 major species and produced detailed maps of pollen-producing plants' locations. The results obtained demonstrate the varying geographical patterns of allergies and allergic asthma, and the maps can be utilized to investigate environmental exposure and its impact on human health. Integration of remote sensing data (i.e., Rapid Eye, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2 imagery) with in situ pollen measurements was investigated by [PERSON] et al. [1]. In this research, a top-down approach that combines the distribution of suitable habitats and airborne pollen concentrations was used, detailed crop classification maps were produced, and it was found that the strongest correlation between pollen and variation was in areas with high soya bean and sugar beet cultivation. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [11] examined trends in annual _Platanus_ pollen concentrations in central Spain from 2003 to 2019.