## 4 Pharmacological Properties
### Anti-Cardiovascular and Anti-Cancer Properties  
Previous studies revealed that tea consumption is inversely associated with the development of cardiovascular disease by reducing cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia [103]. Decaffeinated GT extracts significantly decreased the ROS formation and NADPH oxidase activity in the vascular system, stimulated the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Akt in the immunoblotting of aortas, and improved endothelium-dependent relaxations in the thoracic aorta of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats [104]. The procyanidins (dimer and hexamer) and epigallocatechin in tea significantly inhibited the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) to decrease the blood pressure [105]. The GT EGCG inhibited ileal apical sodium bile acid transporter activity, and increased the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor in rats [106].  
Tea polyphenols reduce the risk of skin cancer [107]. EGCG inhibited oral cancer by producing mitochondrial ROS and dysfunction [108]. Ingesting a dosage of EGCC significantly improved the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients [109]. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of the combination of tea polyphenols and other drugs was investigated [110]. Tea polyphenol with taurine can reduce the level of lipopolysaccharideacharides in rats and protect  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Polyphenols**} & **Free Amino Acids** & **Caffeine** & **Polysaccharides** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Function**} & Antitumorigenesis A & Sleep peacefully, relieve & \multirow{2}{*}{Anti-fatigue L} & \multirow{2}{*}{Scavenging free radicals Q} \\  & & tension G & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & Antioxidant activity B & Decrease blood pressure H & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Promote relaxation, & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & Anti-cancer C,D & concentration and learning & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & & ability 1 & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Anticardiovascular & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & disease E & Reduce hypertension J & Improve attention O & Anticancer T,U \\ \cline{3-3}  & AntioxidantsxocoxPrecvent & & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & oxidative stress, & & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & modulate carcinogen & Anti-obesity K & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & metabolism F & & & \\ \cline{3-3}  & - & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note.: A.; [74]; B. [75]; C. [76]; D. [77]; E. [78]; F. [79]; C. [80]; H. [81]; I. [82]; J. [83]; K. [84]; L. [85]; M. [86]; N. [87]; O. [88]; P. [89]; Q. [90]; R. [91]; S. [92]; T. [93]; U. [94]; V. [95]; W. [46].  
\end{table}
Table 2: The biological functions of main secondary metabolites in tea.  
the liver [111]. Tea polyphenols and Trolox inhibit gene mutations, base detachment, and breaks in DNA strands caused by an excessive number of oxygen free radicals [96]. In addition, tea also exhibited anticancer activity in vivo. [PERSON] et al. (2018) found that GT possessed anticancer effects in HL-60 human leukemia xenograft mice, reduced tumor growth via mediation of the G1 phase cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis via the regulation of caspase-3, Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma extra large), Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein), MCL-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II, and initiated autophagic progression via the activation of autophagy proteins [112]. The GT catechins inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer cells (HCT-116 and SW-480) [113]. Tea played an important role in anti-cardiovascular and anti-cancer activities, which laid solid foundations for the applications of tea extracts in medicine.