## 3 Results
### Essential Oil Composition of Nepeta catararia  
A total of 41 scientific papers were found, referring to 154 samples, along with three samples from this study (TS), making a total of 157 accessions. The major marker compounds in catnip and Lemon catnip were repetalactone, geraniol, citronellol, caryophyllene oxide, nerol, _trans_-carophyllene, geraniol, and neral. These compounds were used to form chemotype clusters (Figure 5). Numerous studies (Table 3) have examined the influence of different taxagenotype, and cultivars, environmental conditions (e.g., radiation, drought, nitrogen stress, soil type), agrotechnical measures (e.g., fertilization), developmental stage and harvesting time, postharvest processing (fresh or dried plant material), as well as distillation methods and analytical techniques on essential oil composition. However, some of these studies only reported essential oil composition and biological activities. Using the data presented in Table 3, the topology of the unrooted phylogenetic tree was created to illustrate the similarities between the literature and the studied samples. Based on the topology of the unrooted phylogenetic tree, several distinct clades were evident, reflecting varying degrees of proximity within the factor space. Practically, it can be said that five different chemotypes of catnip are grouped, with two major groups being particularly noticeable: one comprising samples dominated by (1) repetalactones (below), and the other consisting of (2) geraniol-rich and (3) nerol-rich chemotypes (above), which include Lemon catnip. In addition, an intermediate chemotype (4) and a caryophyllene oxide-rich chemotype (5) were also observed. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[57]} & \multirow{6}{*}{Cultivars} & **144** & nd & 31.0 & 11.4 & 0.5 & 27.9 & nd & 9.3 & 6.8 & 86.9 & - \\  & & **145** & nd & 28.0 & 11.6 & 0.6 & 26.6 & 0.5 & 7.7 & 5.7 & 80.7 & 1.10 \\  & & **146** & nd & 27.2 & 13.0 & 0.3 & 26.7 & 1.3 & 6.7 & 0.4 & 75.4 & 1.20 \\  & & **147** & nd & 30.4 & 12.8 & 1.4 & 30.6 & 0.4 & 6.4 & 4.8 & 86.8 & 1.70 \\  & & **148** & nd & 30.8 & 12.5 & 0.4 & 28.2 & nd & 4.9 & 3.4 & 80.3 & 1.10 \\  & & **149** & nd & 30.3 & 12.3 & 1.3 & 30.7 & 0.2 & 6.3 & 4.6 & 85.6 & - \\  & & **150** & nd & 26.6 & 13.9 & 0.9 & 30.0 & 3.1 & 7.5 & 5.7 & 87.8 & - \\  & & **151** & nd & 30.1 & 13.4 & 0.2 & 29.3 & 2.2 & 9.9 & 7.1 & 92.2 & - \\ \hline
[18] & Populations & **152** & 84.0 & nd & nd & nd & nd & nd & nd & nd & 84.0 & 0.30 \\ \hline
[58] & - & **153** & 57.3 & nd & nd & 19.4 & nd & 8.1 & nd & nd & 84.8 & 0.93 \\ \hline
[59] & Developmental stages & **154** & 12.4 & nd & nd & 14.3 & nd & 24.6 & nd & nd & 51.3 & - \\  & & **155** & 59.7 & nd & nd & 18.2 & nd & 6.2 & nd & nd & 84.1 & - \\ \hline
[60] & Cultivars & **156** & 77.6 & nd & nd & nd & nd & 2.8 & nd & nd & 80.4 & 0.20 \\  & & **157** & 9.4 & 13.7 & 48.3 & nd & nd & 8.0 & 5.6 & 4.9 & 89.9 & 0.60 \\ \hline
**Average** & & **37.9** & **15.9** & **8.3** & **7.1** & **6.5** & **5.0** & **4.7** & **3.3** & - & 0.36 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
*Samples in which the eight selected compounds accounted for less than 50% were excluded from this review; nd—not detected.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._This chemotypic diversity is not only of botanical and biochemical relevance but also has practical importance. For example, nepetalactone-dominant essential oils may be used in insect repellent formulations, while geraniol- and citronellol-rich oils, typical of lemon catnip and its RO, have substantial market value in perfumery and aromatherapy. Consequently, chemotype-based selection of cultivars and recovery oil fractions can be tailored to target specific commercial niches, enhancing the profitability and sustainability of cultivation and processing efforts. A comprehensive study by [PERSON] et al.