## 1 Introduction  
As discoveries of world-class mineral deposits continue to decline, shallow deposits are no longer enough to meet the daily needs of human beings [1], and people turn their attention to the deep formation and pay more and more attention to geochemical exploration technology specially designed for the terrain covered by thick regolith. These techniques include: partial extraction, geogas analysis, electrogeochemistry, biogeochemistry, hydro-chemistry, and soil fine particle separation [2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15]. Among the numerous geochemical exploration techniques, soil fine particle separation is an important method with which to find concealed deposits in thickly covered terrain. It is thought that this method mainly believes that in the process of the upward migration of elements from deep minerals, earth gas can carry ultra-fine particles containing metals or metal elements in the form of tiny bubbles or microflows to migrate upward and reach the surface, so the faults above the deep concealed minerals, fault muds, and topsoil contain metallic elements that can reflect anomalies in deep ore bodies. The best way to test this theory is to find ultrafine metal-bearing particles in soils and fault muds that must have come from deep ore bodies. After years of research, metal-bearing ultrafine particles from nanoscale studies have been widely used in soils and fault muds of different types of concealed minerals [7; 10; 16; 17]. [PERSON] et al. [1] observed the existence of metallogenic metal nanoparticles in the soils and fault muds of the Shenjiayao gold deposit; [PERSON] et al. [18] observed mineralization in the ore rocks, fault muds, and soils of the Shanggong gold deposit in Henan, with the presence of metal nanoparticles. Often, the only source of anomalies in fault zones and surface soilssurrounding a mine is the deep ore body. In order to explain the formation mechanism of the anomaly, the key is to determine the occurrence state and genesis of the ore-forming elements in the fault zone above the concealed mineral deposits and in the soil. The geochemical gene is a new developing concept recently proposed in the identification and traceability of geological materials [19; 20]. The term \"gene\" has been adopted in geochemistry from biology for two decades by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [21] who proposed that the element is the gene of the earth and the geochemical map is the gene map of the earth surface. This is the \"embryo\" concept of the geochemical gene. Another term related to genes is the \"gene-profile curve of geochemical elements\" presented by [PERSON] et al. (2015, 2016) [22; 23] in geochemistry which is like the REE pattern or spider diagram without gene properties [24]. Therefore, this idea can be viewed as the \"fetal\" stage of the geochemical gene concept. Although those primitive ideas were inspiring, the geochemical gene with tangible properties such as codes, heredity, inheritance, variability, and similarity has been proposed only recently [24; 25; 26]. The quantitatively defined geochemical gene was firstly presented by [PERSON] et al. (2018) with an illustration on a geochemical lithogene [25]. It is proposed firstly as a lithogene named LG02 [25], and then followed by lithogenes called LG01 [26] and LG03 [27], gold metallogene (MGAu) [24], tungsten metallogene (MGW) [28], and tungsten metallogene (MGW11) [29], and REE (rare earth element) genes called REEG01 and REEG02 [26]. Therefore, there are a total of eight geochemical genes reported now, which were introduced and reviewed by [PERSON] et al. (2022) [19] and the lithogene named MGW11 was introduced by [PERSON] et al. (2023) [29] recently. These genes all have different codes and can represent the heritage, inheritance, variability, and similarity of different samples. According to the 39 elements or oxides analyzed by the RGNR project [30] and the NMPRGS project [31] in China, the geochemical gene is constructed in five steps. The first step is to select elements.