## 3 Results and Discussion  
We believe that a better understanding of existing systems is necessary for the effective design of energetic materials for the replacement of conventional hypergolic bipppellants. All oxidizers such as RFNA, NTO, cryogens, _etc._ are extremely hazardous by their nature and so reduction of those hazards is beneficial, even though the resulting materials might not be completely harmless. Due to the less-toxic vapor, high performance, and environmentally benign decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide, it appears to be a promising oxidizer with considerably fewer difficulties in handling than nitric acid and N\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\). Here, we synthesized TMH and EMT hypergolic chemicals to take an important step towards a lower-toxicity propulsion system with hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer. As you can see in Figure 1, the Sn2 nucleophilic substitution reactions of dimethylhydrazine with methyl iodide [8] and subsequent ion exchange reactions with sodium salt were easily performed. Here, [TMH]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\) was produced after the reaction of methyl iodide with dimethyl hydrazine and the ion exchange reaction was performed with NaX (X = CN\({}^{-}\), N\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\), NO\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\), NO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-}\), ClO\({}_{4}\)\({}^{-}\), AlCl\({}_{4}\)\({}^{-}\)). The formation of EMT salts by nucleophilic  
Figure 1: Schematic synthesis of \(N\),\(N\),\(N\)-trimethylhydraznium salts, [TMH]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\), (upper) and 1-ethyl-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole salts, [EMT]\({}^{+}\)[X]\({}^{-}\), (down) by ion-exchange reaction after SN\({}_{2}\) reaction. substitution reactions (two times) followed by ion exchange reaction was also performed. Methyl iodide (first) and ethyl iodides (second) were used in the two nucleophilic substitution reactions. Figure 2a shows the \({}^{1}\)H-NMR spectrum of the synthesized [TMH]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\). In the \({}^{1}\)H-NMR spectra of [TMH]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\) with CDCl\({}_{3}\) as solvent and tetramethyl silane (TMS) as an internal standard, two resonances were observed. The hydrogen atoms of the -CH\({}_{3}\) groups resonate at approximately \(\delta\) = 3.29 ppm, whereas the protons of the -NH\({}_{2}\) groups have resonances in the 6.10 ppm [7]. In the IR spectrum, Figure 2b, the most intense vibration corresponds to the out-of plane bending of the N-H and C-H bonds (v \(\approx\) 1090 and \(\sim\)900 cm\({}^{-1}\)). The remainder of the vibrations can be assigned as follows (v = stretching, \(\delta\) = in-plane bending, \(\gamma\) = out-of-plane bending): 2950-3005 [v\({}_{\text{s}}\)(N-H) and v\({}_{\text{as}}\)(N-H)], 2750-2860 [v\({}_{\text{s}}\)(C-H) and v\({}_{\text{as}}\)(C-H)], 1550-1760 [\(\delta\)\({}_{\text{s}}\)(N-H) and \(\delta\)\({}_{\text{as}}\)(N-H)], 1270-1490 [\(\gamma\)(N-H)], 1400-1510 cm\({}^{-1}\) v(C-N) and 730-860 cm\({}^{-1}\) [v(C-N) + v(N-N)] [7,8,27,28]. Figure 3 shows the \({}^{1}\)H NMR spectrum (**a**) and GC-mass data (**b**) of [EMT]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\) as a hypergolic chemical. The \({}^{1}\)H NMR spectrum of [EMT]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\) with CDCl\({}_{3}\) as solvent and TMS as an internal standard shows \(\delta\) = 1.43, 4.4, 9.1, 10.0, and 3.9 ppm for the protons located at the (**a**-**e**) positions of [EMT]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\) as shown in Figure 3a. The GC-mass spectrum of [EMT]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\) in Figure 3b shows the ionic fragments having weight 30, 39, 41, 46, 56, 62, 69, 75, 82, 96, and 111, in which the biggest fragment (weight 111) is equivalent to the M\({}^{+1}\) peak of [EMT]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\)[29]. All prepared [EMT]\({}^{+}\)[I]\({}^{-}\) is stable in air and can be stored for extended periods. The obtained hypergolic chemicals, [TMH]\({}^{+}\)[X]\({}^{-}\) (X = CN\({}^{-}\), N\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\), NO\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\), NO\({}^{-}\), ClO\({}^{4-}\), AlCl\({}^{4-}\)) were in solid form. In order to prepare liquid hypergolic chemicals, we dissolved 0.15 g solid [TMH]\({}^{+}\)[X]\({}^{-}\) in 0.85 mL of 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine.