## 5 Cancer-Related Clinical Studies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Tanshinone**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Tanshinone**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Number of**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Clinical benefit**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**References**} \\
**tested/Tanshinone** & **Cancers** & **Treatment(s)** & **patients** & **Clinical benefit** & **References** \\
**containing formula** & & & & **patients** & **(p \(<\) 0.05).** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{l} Fufang Danshen \\ Injection \\ \end{tabular} } & Liver & Control: surgical resection only; & Control: 30 & 1- and 2-year recurrence rates & [282] \\  & carcinoma & Treatment: surgical resection plus & Treatment: 30 & (control _vs. treatment_): 60.7\% \\  & & chemotherapy and Fufang Danshen & & _vs. 15.3\% (p \(<\) 0.05) and_ \\  & & Injection (250 mL, TUV perfusion, once & & 75.1\% _vs. 30.0\%_ \\  & & per day for 7 days, repeat every & & (\(p<\) 0.05). \\  & & 3–4 week ) & & \\ Fufang Danshen & Liver & Control: TACE only; & Control: 37 & 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate & [283] \\  & carcinoma & Treatment: TACE plus Fufang Danshen & Treatment: 53 & (control _vs. treatment_): \\  & & Injection (16 mL, _i.v. once per day for & & 72.97\% _vs. 79.25\%, 43.24\%_ \\  & & 7 days) & & _vs. 66.04\% (p \(<\) 0.05) and_ \\  & & & & 24.32\% _vs. 45.28\%_ \\  & & & & (\(p<\) 0.05). \\ Fufang Danshen & Pancreatic & Control: chemotherapy only; & Control: 40 & CR + PR and CR + PR + SD \\  & carcinoma & Treatment: chemotherapy plus Fufang & Treatment: 41 & rates (control vs. treatment): \\  & & Danshen Dripping Pill (250 mg, _p.o._ & & 35.0\% _vs. 46.3\% and 50.0\% \\  & & 3 times per day) & & _vs. 73.2\% (p \(<\) 0.05)._ \\ RIF & Leukemia & Control: ATRA (30 mg per day) plus & Control: 59 & CR rate (control _vs._ & [285] \\ (formula) & & placebo for RIF. & (placebo & treatment): 94.9\% _vs. 96.7\%_ \\  & & Treatment: RIF (2.25–7.5 g per day, _p.o._) & controlled) & (\(p>\) 0.05). \\  & & plus placebo for ATRA & Treatment: 61 & \\ RIF & Leukemia & Alternating treatments with & Treatment: 62 & 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-year relapse- & [286] \\ (formula) & & chemotherapy and RIF & (no control group) & free survival rates: 68.41\%, \\  & & (6.0–7.5 g per day, _p.o._ 30 days of & & 48.15\%, 38.89\%, 18.52\%, \\  & & a cycle) & & respectively. \\  & & & & 3-year and 5 to 10-year \\  & & & & survival rates: 88.52\% and \\  & & & & 86.88\%. \\ RIF & Leukemia & RIF (3.75–9 g per day, _p.o._) & Multiple cases & CR rate: 91.67\%-100\%. & [287, 288, 289, 291] \\ (formula) & & & reports over many & \\  & & & years: \(n\) = 18 to & \\  & & & & 204/report & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine; CR: complete remission; PR: partial remission; SD: stable disease; RIF: Realgar-Indigo naturalis
* formula; TACE transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; TUV: trans-umbilical-vein; _i.v._: intravenous perfusion; _i.p._: intraperitoneal injection; _p.o._: oral administration.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._leukemia cells, and combination of the three active constituents (tetraarsenic tetrasulfide, TIIA and Indirubin) exerted synergistic effect in both cell culture and murine leukemia models [292]. Compared to chemotherapy alone, Fufang Danshen Injection (injectable formula made from Danshen and other herbs) could significantly attenuate chemotherapy-induced complications and increase the complete remission rate for acute leukemia [281]. Similarly, Fufang Danshen Dripping Pill combined with chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine and cisplatin increased objective response and clinical benefit response rates than chemotherapy alone (46.3% _vs._ 35.0% and 73.2% _vs._ 50.0%, respectively) [284]. In addition, Fufang Danshen Injection plus chemotherapeutic drug mitomycin and adriamycin through _trans_-umbilical-portal vein perfusion after surgical resection of the primary liver carcinomas significantly delayed the 1- and 2-year recurrence rates compared to the surgical resection alone [282].