## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Composition**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Chemical Composition/\%**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Loss on**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **SO\({}_{2}\)** & **Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)** & **CaO** & **K\({}_{2}\)O** & **MgO** & **Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)** & **Na\({}_{2}\)O** & **Ignition/\%** \\ \hline Fushun, Liaoning & 43.11 & 17.40 & 0.96 & 0.65 & 0.89 & 10.39 & 0.18 & 23.02 \\ Jixi, Heilongjiang & 54.09 & 21.62 & 0.23 & 1.75 & 0.44 & 2.28 & 0.13 & 18.42 \\ Xingtai, Hebei & 26.94 & 17.7 & 0.36 & 0.44 & 0.19 & 2.96 & 0.08 & 48.20 \\ Feicheng, Shandong & 46.20 & 16.82 & 4.24 & 1.60 & 1.88 & 7.38 & 0.87 & 16.75 \\ Huaiman, Anhui & 53.64 & 23.94 & 0.20 & 0.83 & 0.31 & 1.17 & 0.07 & 15.12 \\ Sichuan, Panzhihua & 46.32 & 19.24 & 0.96 & 3.57 & 276 & 5.63 & 0.18 & 19.17 \\ Liuzhi, Guizhou & 38.55 & 13.48 & 8.79 & 1.51 & 2.94 & 11.41 & 1.22 & 17.60 \\ Xuzhou, Jiangsu & 54.30 & 14.90 & 3.80 & 0.77 & 0.90 & 10.80 & / & 14.00 \\ Yangquan, Shanxi & 48.57 & 23.29 & 1.81 & 1.33 & 0.98 & 5.66 & 0.12 & 16.54 \\ Datong, Shanxi & 48.33 & 19.87 & 1.85 & 1.65 & 0.73 & 9.85 & 0.10 & 16.52 \\ Pingxiang, Jiangxi & 52.56 & 16.57 & 1.24 & 2.39 & 2.01 & 3.35 & 0.21 & 20.71 \\ Shihezi, Xinjiang & 17.70 & 5.72 & 15.1 & 0.82 & 4.54 & 1.77 & 0.17 & 51.90 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Chemical composition of coal gangue in different producing areas. in secondary hydration reactions with cement, thus increasing the strength of the concrete. [PERSON] [22] and [PERSON] [23] identified a distinguishing trait in coal-gangue concrete during cube compressive strength tests; compared with regular concrete, coal-gangue concrete tends to experience sudden crushing failures due to its higher brittleness and lower deformability. Nevertheless, this concrete specimen exhibits weak resistance to deformation and offers no clear signs of expansion prior to failure. This observation reaffirms coal-gangue concrete's characteristics of high brittleness and limited ductility. [PERSON] et al. [24; 25; 26] examined the durability of coal-gangue concrete exposed to alternating freeze-thaw cycles and carbonization environments. Their experimental findings indicated a positive correlation between the water-cement ratio of coal-gangue concrete and carbonation depth. This relationship underscores the significance of brittleness and microcracks as key factors affecting carbonation depth. The collective findings of these studies suggest that the strength and ductility of coal-gangue concrete can be enhanced through the incorporation of suitable fibres. This approach has the potential to reduce the number of brittle deformations, control the occurrence of microcracks, minimize permeability, and enhance the carbonation resistance of coal-gangue concrete. To date, the addition of fibres is an internationally recognized method for effectively mitigating the brittleness of concrete materials and enhancing their toughness [27; 28; 29]. A combination of various types and sizes of fibres can effectively suppress the initiation and propagation of concrete cracks across different structural scales, significantly improving the toughness and crack resistance of concrete. Basalt fibre (BF) is made of basalt by high temperature and melting drawing. The preparation process of BF consumes less energy, but its elastic modulus and tensile strength can reach 93-115 GPa and 200-5000 MPa, respectively. Therefore, BF is a kind of green and high-performance fibre. In addition, it has good bonding properties with cement-based materials. These two characteristics make basalt fibre (BF) an ideal material to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete and has been widely studied and applied [30; 31; 32]. Polypropylene fibre (PF) is a kind of flexible fibre with high deformation properties, but its elastic modulus and tensile strength are relatively low. When mixed into concrete, the study shows that PF can effectively restrain the expansion of macroscopic cracks and improve the ductility of concrete [30; 32; 33; 34].