## 2 Results and Discussion
### Reference Chemical Profiles of Genuine Essential Oils
** \\ \hline
4 & 3-octanone & 989 & 986 & 0.4 & 1.3 & 0.9 & 0.3 & 0.1–5.0 \\
9 & limonene & 1031 & 1031 & 0.4 & 1.1 & 0.7 & 0.2 & max 1.0 \\
10 & 1,\(\beta\)-cineole & 1033 & 1033 & 1.3 & 2.6 & 2.4 & 1.2 & max 2.5 \\
11 & _cis_-\(\beta\)-ocimene & 1041 & 1040 & 0.7 & 3.2 & 2.4 & 0.6 & \\
12 & _trans_-\(\beta\)-ocimene & 1051 & 1050 & 0.2 & 2.2 & 1.8 & 0.5 & \\
15 & linalool & 1100 & 1098 & 23.8 & 33.0 & 29.5 & 2.5 & 20.0–45.0 \\
16 & 1-octen-3-yl acetate & 1116 & 1110 & 0.4 & 1.1 & 0.7 & 0.2 & \\
17 & camphor & 1147 & 1143 & 0.6 & 1.2 & 1.0 & 0.2 & max 1.2 \\
18 & lavandulol & 1171 & 1166 & 0.6 & 1.7 & 0.9 & 0.4 & min 0.1 \\
19 & 4-terpineol & 1178 & 1177 & 2.6 & 6.0 & 3.6 & 1.0 & 0.1–8.0 \\
20 & \(\alpha\)-terpineol & 1191 & 1189 & 0.1 & 2.0 & 1.0 & 0.6 & max 2.0 \\
22 & linaly acetate & 1264 & 1257 & 25.1 & 40.7 & 35.4 & 4.0 & 25.0–47.0 \\
24 & lavanduly acetate & 1293 & 1289 & 2.7 & 5.3 & 3.5 & 0.7 & min 0.2 \\
27 & _trans_-\(\beta\)-caryophyllene & 1419 & 1418 & 1.8 & 5.1 & 3.5 & 1.0 & \\
29 & _trans_-\(\beta\)-farnesene & 1460 & 1458 & 1.2 & 5.2 & 2.5 & 1.0 & \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_Melaleuca alternifolia_ **(Maiden \& Bethe) Cheel**} \\ \hline  & **Compounds** & **1\({}^{\mathbf{t}}\)sexp** & **1\({}^{\mathbf{t}}\)slit** & **Min** & **Max** & **Average** & \(\mathbf{\sigma}\) & **Eur. Ph. ** \\ \hline
1 & \(\alpha\)-pinene & 936 & 939 & 1.8 & 6.0 & 3.8 & 1.8 & 1.0–6.0 \\
3 & \(\beta\)-pinene & 978 & 980 & 0.1 & 1.1 & 0.6 & 0.3 & \\
5 & \(\beta\)-myrcene & 992 & 991 & 0.1 & 1.1 & 0.5 & 0.4 & \\
6 & \(\alpha\)-phellandrene & 1004 & 1005 & 0.0 & 0.6 & 0.3 & 0.2 & \\
7 & \(\alpha\)-terpinene & 1018 & 1018 & 7.7 & 10.5 & 9.2 & 0.7 & 5.0–13.0 \\
8 & \(p\)-cymene & 1028 & 1026 & 0.7 & 3.6 & 2.1 & 0.8 & 0.5–12.0 \\
9 & limonene & 1031 & 1031 & 0.8 & 3.7 & 2.5 & 1.0 & 0.5–4.0 \\
10 & 1,\(\beta\)-cineole & 1033 & 1033 & 1.9 & 7.1 & 3.9 & 1.5 & max 15.0 \\
13 & \(\gamma\)-terpinene & 1061 & 1062 & 14.3 & 22.4 & 19.2 & 2.4 & 10.0–28.0 \\
14 & \(\alpha\)-terpinolene & 1089 & 1088 & 2.0 & 4.7 & 3.1 & 0.8 & 1.5–5.0 \\
19 & 4-terpineol & 1178 & 1177 & 32.4 & 47.1 & 40.5 & 3.4 & min 30.0 \\
20 & \(\alpha\)-terpineol & 1191 & 1189 & 2.6 & 7.1 & 5.0 & 1.4 & 1.5–8.0 \\
28 & aromadendrene & 1439 & 1439 & 0.1 & 5.8 & 1.3 & 1.4 & max 7.0 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_I\({}^{\mathbf{t}}\)sexp: experimental programmed temperature retention index; \({}^{\mathbf{t}}\)slit: tabulated programmed temperature retention index._} \\ \hline  & **Compounds** & **1\({}^{\mathbf{t}}\)sexp** & **1\({}^{\mathbf{t}}\)slit** & **Min** & **Max** & **Average** & \(\mathbf{\sigma}\) & **Eur. Ph. ** \\ \hline
1 & \(\alpha\)-pinene & 936 & 939 & 1.8 & 6.0 & 3.8 & 1.8 & 1.0–6.0 \\
3 & \(\beta\)-pinene & 978 & 980 & 0.1 & 1.1 & 0.6 & 0.3 & \\
5 & \(\beta\)-myrcene & 992 & 991 & 0.1 & 1.1 & 0.5 & 0.4 & \\
6 & \(\alpha\)-phellandrene & 1004 & 1005 & 0.0 & 0.6 & 0.3 & 0.2 & \\
7 All of the analysed batches were in agreement with the Italian or European Pharmacopoeia, as it is evident from the minimum and maximum normalised % areas, respectively, and the ranges that were narrower than those of the pharmacopoeias for the selected markers, which indicates the high homogeneity of the selected samples. The average reference composition of bergamot EO was also in agreement with [PERSON] et al. [14], who analysed 1082 genuine samples. Table 2 reports the percentage enantiomeric composition (EC%) of some representative chiral markers in the investigated genuine EO. They were determined using the same number of samples as those used to build up the reference profiles (\(n=20\)). Tables S1-S3 in the Supplementary Materials report the EC% of all the enantiomeric compounds in the investigated genuine EO. The EC% values were calculated using the following formula:  
\[\text{EC}\%=[\text{Area enantiomer R or S}/\text{Area enantiomer R }+\text{Area enantiomer S}]\times 100\]  
The results obtained for bergamot were compared to those reported by [PERSON] et al. [15], which were obtained via the analysis of about 100 genuine EO samples.