# State of Industry 5.0--Analysis and Identification of Current Research Trends
## 1 Introduction  
Today's manufacturing industry is currently experiencing a rapid transformation due to the onset of fast-growing digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based solutions. Manufacturers throughout the world are faced with the challenge of increasing productivity while keeping humans in loop at manufacturing industries. This task becomes even more difficult as robots become more crucial to the manufacturing process by means of emerging technologies such as brain-machine interfaces and advances in AI. These challenges can be addressed by the next industrial revolution, known as Industry 5.0. In short, the concept of Industry 5.0 refers to humans and robots working as collaboratorsrather than competitors [1]. This follows the previous revolutions Industry 1.0, Industry 2.0, Industry 3.0, and Industry 4.0. Industry 1.0 came about in the 18 th century and focused on the sectors of textiles, steam power, iron, tools, cement, chemicals, gas, lighting, glass, paper, mining, agriculture, and transportation. The achievements of this revolution include employability, agriculture development, transportation, and sustained growth. The noted drawbacks to Industry 1.0 include pollution and the time needed to implement the associated methodologies. Industry 1.0 utilized the mathematical tools of linear programming and geometry [2]. Industry 2.0 started in the 19 th century and focused on iron, steel, rail, electrification, machine tools, paper, petroleum, chemical, maritime technology, rubber, bicycles, automobiles, applied science, fertilizer, engines, turbines, telecommunications, and modern business management. The achievements of this revolution include the emergence of the electrical power grid, telephones, telegraph, and internal combustion engines. The primary drawback of Industry 2.0 is the high cost to consume electrical power. Industry 2.0 utilized the mathematical tools of differential equations, linear equations, and geometry [2]. Industry 3.0 started in the 20 th century and focused on the semiconductor industry, digital circuits, programmable integrated circuits, telecommunication, wireless communication, the renewable energy sector, and automation [2]. The achievements of this revolution include telecommunication, renewable energy, automated industries, and robots. The primary drawback to Industry 3.0 is that automated system would not work in certain situations [2]. For example, one of the primary aspects of Industry 3.0 involved implementing Flexible manufacturing Systems. (FMS). However, these systems are very complex and added extra operational costs that were not feasible for some organizations. The complexity and added costs deterred many companies [3]. Industry 3.0 utilized the mathematical tools of differential equations, linear programming, and logical controllers. Industry 4.0 came about in the 21 st century and focused on all types of industries with intelligent systems. The achievements of this revolution include fully automated systems, artificial intelligent systems that work in uncertain situations, with machine learning having a positive influence on the fourth industrial revolution. The drawbacks of Industry 4.0 are that all the data in the cloud may not be protectable, and fully expert systems are not yet developed for industries. The mathematical tools utilized by Industry 4.0 include optimization techniques and network theory [2]. The term \"Industry 5.0\" was coined by [PERSON] [4]. One of the key aspects which Industry 5.0 entails is the use of collaborative robots that will help mitigate risk. These robots can notice, understand, and feel the human operator as well as the goals and expectations for the tasks being performed. The intention is that these robots will watch and learn how an individual performs a task and help human operators in performing the task. Furthermore, Industry 5.0 entails the penetration of AI into human life with the aim of enhancing the man capacity.