## 3 Results and Discussion
### Determination of the Antioxidant Potential of the Extracts and Correlation Analysis
It is indeed an attractive and reliable eukaryotic model, whose defense and adaptation mechanisms to oxidative stress are well known and can be extrapolated to human cells presenting mechanisms certainly more complex but well conserved with this model [55; 56]. Here, measured in vivo anti-lipoperoxidation activity (inhibition of malondialdehydedehyde (MDA) formation), determined using the TBARS assay, ranged from 50.62 \(\pm\) 2.46 to 69.12 \(\pm\) 0.34%. Therefore, this in \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample ID**} & **ABTS** & **DPPH** & **CUPRAC** & **TBARS** \\  & **(uM TEAC/g DW 1)** & **(uM TEAC/g DW 1)** & **(uM TEAC/g DW 1)** & **(\% inhibition)** \\ \hline SID@1 & 233.10 \(\pm\) 12.52 \({}^{\rm d}\) & 323.51 \(\pm\) 19.12 \({}^{\rm a}\) & 198.07 \(\pm\) 22.97 \({}^{\rm ab}\) & 51.81 \(\pm\) 1.13 \({}^{\rm c}\) \\ SID@2 & 361.81 \(\pm\) 14.48 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 347.40 \(\pm\) 7.73 \({}^{\rm a}\) & 141.04 \(\pm\) 2.16 \({}^{\rm c}\) & 66.95 \(\pm\) 1.74 \({}^{\rm a}\) \\ SID@3 & 366.49 \(\pm\) 12.97 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 341.17 \(\pm\) 5.49 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 129.69 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\rm d}\) & 58.73 \(\pm\) 1.18 \({}^{\rm b}\) \\ AlNN1 & 216.94 \(\pm\) 12.32 \({}^{\rm d}\) & 275.84 \(\pm\) 34.88 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 205.92 \(\pm\) 17.11 \({}^{\rm a}\) & 50.62 \(\pm\) 2.46 \({}^{\rm c}\) \\ AlN@2 & 226.73 \(\pm\) 13.12 \({}^{\rm c}\) & 326.88 \(\pm\) 30.16 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 164.79 \(\pm\) 14.02 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 51.81 \(\pm\) 1.45 \({}^{\rm c}\) \\ AlN@3 & 401.52 \(\pm\) 11.44 \({}^{\rm a}\) & 357.33 \(\pm\) 24.24 \({}^{\rm a}\) & 178.73 \(\pm\) 19.10 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 69.12 \(\pm\) 0.34 \({}^{\rm a}\) \\ RIS@1 & 238.07 \(\pm\) 15.86 \({}^{\rm d}\) & 319.73 \(\pm\) 14.74 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 160.93 \(\pm\) 13.74 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 53.13 \(\pm\) 1.01 \({}^{\rm c}\) \\ RIS@2 & 244.91 \(\pm\) 12.02 \({}^{\rm d}\) & 315.60 \(\pm\) 7.43 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 143.76 \(\pm\) 5.24 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 52.63 \(\pm\) 1.65 \({}^{\rm c}\) \\ RIS@3 & 391.29 \(\pm\) 9.64 \({}^{\rm b}\) & 351.07 \(\pm\) 2.89 \({}^{\rm a}\) & 173.47 \(\pm\) 26.29 \({}^{\rm a}\) & 66.85 \(\pm\) 2.57 \({}^{\rm a}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* TEAC: C: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC); Samples were AOR from three different native _Beli_ genotypes (#1 to #3) cultivated at three different pilot locations in the Eastern Morocco; Sidi Bouhria (SID); Ain Sfa (AIN); Rislane (RIS). Values are means \(\pm\) SD of 3 independent replicates. Different letters represent significant differences between the various extraction conditions (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 8: Variations in in vitro cell free (ABTS, DPPH and CUPRAC) and cellular (TBARS) antioxidant potential of extracts obtained from USAE of AOR from three different native _Beli_ genotypes produced at three different pilot locations in Eastern Morocco. vivo antioxidant evaluation assay confirmed the trend observed with the HAT-based in vitro assay, and confirmed that the AOR extract from the genotype #3 produced at Ain Sfa showed the highest antioxidant capacity, particularly as compared to extracts obtained from the genotype #1 produced at the same location. As shown in Figure 5, higher antioxidant capacity measured with HAT-based antioxidant assay appeared systematically associated with a higher accumulation of phenolics, whereas association with the ET-based antioxidant assay (i.e., CUPRAC) appeared more complex and not directly linked to the accumulation of theses phenolics (Figure 5a). Principal component analysis was performed to further discriminate these nine samples (Figure 5b). The resulting biplot representation accounts for 92.64% (F1 + F2) of the initial variability of the data as shown in Figure 4b. The discrimination occurs mainly in the first dimension (PC1) which explains 85.76% of the initial variability. The loading plots (F) confirmed the strong link between phytochemical composition, in particular the presence of the phenolics, and the HAT-based as well as cellular antioxidant capacity.