## 4 Results  
The P-SBAS jobs for the whole processing area lasted 2.5 and 2.9 days for the Sentinel-1 IW ascending and descending datasets displayed in Figure 3, respectively. Therefore, these were the total times to process the stacks at full frame scale. In this particular experiment, two sub-swaths were processed for each geometry, given that the third covered only open waters (see Figure 3). The duration also includes the time required for sourcing the Sentinel-1 images to input into the processor from ESA's repositories. Therefore, based on the above numbers, it can be well appreciated how advantageous and well-performing the P-SBAS parallel processing and GEP infrastructure were to ingest such high number of images, co-register, multi-look, build highly interconnected interferogram networks, and analyze them to extract thousands of coherent targets and their associated deformation time series. Within the whole processed area (Figure 4), the retrieved number of targets using equal temporal coherence threshold of 0.85 was of 47,400 across 3800 km\({}^{2}\) land area for the ascending mode (\(\sim\)12.5 targets/km\({}^{2}\)), and 12,600 across 2000 km\({}^{2}\) for the descending mode (\(\sim\)6.3 targets/km\({}^{2}\)). The distribution and density of coherent targets reflected the land cover of the region (Figure 5), with vast expanses of forested areas of the Sila Massif, rural, and agricultural lands in the Crotone basin (where the step of phase-unwrapping was also more challenging), determining smaller densities of targets (e.g., 30-40 targets/km\({}^{2}\); Figure 5b) with respect to densely covered urbanized sectors, coastal infrastructure and shipyards (e.g., 180-200 targets/km\({}^{2}\)), e.g., the city of Crotone (Figure 6). Coherent targets were also found at four offshore platforms (see Section 2; Figure 1b) thanks to their good coherence across the differential interferograms. Figure 5: **(a)** Detail of the land cover of the area between Crotone and the Capo Colonna promontory, referred to year 2018, according to the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service–Coastal Zones dataset [85]. Notation: CLMS = Copernicus Land Monitoring Service; IMD = imperviousness density. **(b)** Average density of targets observed within each land cover class. Figure 6: Overview of the output datasets in the Crotone province after P-SBAS InSAR processing of the Sentinel-1 IW SAR stacks acquired in 2014–2020 in **(a)** ascending and **(b)** descending mode, overlapped onto Sentinel-2 optical imagery from 2020. LOS velocity in 2014-2020 spanned between \(-3.7\) and \(+1.6\) cm/year in the ascending dataset, and between \(-2.0\) and \(+1.9\) cm/year in the descending dataset. Negative velocity values indicated movement away from the satellite sensor (yellow to dark red points in Figure 6a,b), while positive values indicated movement toward the sensor (light to dark blue points). Standard deviations with respect to a linear deformation model were 0.01 cm/year on average across the dataset of coherent targets, for both the ascending and descending mode. Maximum values of 0.09 and 0.05 cm/year were recorded for the ascending and descending datasets, respectively. The deformation histories were characterized by 0.3 cm standard errors on average across both datasets. These values provided an estimate of the precision of the P-SBAS datasets, and guided through the setting of the velocity range to identify coherent targets that could be considered stable (green points in Figure 6a,b). Standard errors for the time series were influenced by the presence of nonlinearities in the long-term deformation trend, as discussed in Section 5. The vertical velocity field after combination of the two datasets showed widespread presence of negative velocities indicating subsidence, with observed rates as high as \(-4.7\) cm/year. The largest subsiding zone was located at Capo Colonna promontory, where the rates reached \(-2.3\) cm/year (Figure 7a).