## 3 Results  
ANOVA results were significant for both main effects (\"environment\" and \"measurement\"), and for their interaction (Table 1). Post hoc analyses revealed a decrease in PAL for the total sample (from 2.97 \(\pm\) 0.61 to 2.63 \(\pm\) 0.68, \(p\) \(<\) 0.01) and urban adolescents (from 3.11 \(\pm\) 0.64 to 2.68 \(\pm\) 0.67, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001). Significant differences (\(p\) \(<\) 0.01) between adolescents living in urban and rural environments were observed for baseline-PAL, with higher baseline-PAL in urban adolescents (3.11 \(\pm\) 0.64 and 2.82 \(\pm\) 0.58, for urban and rural adolescents, respectively) (Figure 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Main Effects**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Interaction**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Environment**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Measurement**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Environment x Measurement**} \\ \hline PAL & \(F\)-test & \(p\) & \(F\)-test & \(p\) & \(F\)-test & \(p\) \\  & 4.11 & 0.01 & 4.29 & 0.04 & 2.98 & 0.05 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Factorial analysis of variance for repeated measures. Pearson product-moment coefficients reached statistical significance for associations between most of the anthropometric and physical fitness variables with baseline PAL. The number of significant coefficients was lower when anthropometrics and physical fitness variables were correlated with follow-up-PAL (Table 2). In general, better physical fitness was associated with higher PAL in both testing waves. The correlations between the anthropometric values and physical fitness with differences in PAL were negligible, showing a low influence of baseline anthropometric values and physical fitness on changes in PAL that occurred as a result of COVID-19 and social distancing. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline  & **Total** & **Rural** & **Urban** \\  & **(_n_ = 823_)** & **(_n_ = 381_)** & **(_n_ = 442_)** \\ \hline Physical activity at baseline & & & \\ Body height & 0.21 * & 0.28 * & 0.19 * \\ Body mass & 0.17 * & 0.19 * & 0.21 * \\ Body mass index & 0.13 * & 0.05 & 0.14 * \\ Broad jump & 0.23 * & 0.35 * & 0.26 * \\ Sit-ups & 0.21 * & 0.28 * & 0.25 * \\ Sit-and-reach & 0.01 & \(-\)0.03 & 0.06 \\ Bent-arm-hang & 0.28 * & 0.27 * & 0.35 * \\ Run-400 m & 0.02 & \(-\)0.31 * & 0.07 \\ Multi-level-test & 0.39 * & 0.32 * & 0.38 * \\ Physical activity at follow-up & & & \\ Body height & 0.07 * & 0.13 * & 0.01 \\ Body mass & 0.03 & 0.05 & 0.01 \\ Body mass index & \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)0.01 \\ Broad jump & 0.16 * & 0.05 & 0.16 * \\ Sit-ups & 0.19 * & 0.08 & 0.19 * \\ Sit-and-reach & 0.11 * & 0.09 & 0.05 \\ Bent-arm-hang & 0.11 * & 0.05 & 0.18 * \\ Run-400 m & 0.09 & \(-\)0.05 & 0.08 \\ Multi-level-test & 0.11 * & 0.04 & 0.17 * \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficients between anthropometric, physical fitness, and physical-activity-level variables (* indicates significant correlation at \(p<0.05\)). Figure 2: Descriptive statistics for physical activity levels at baseline (before the COVID-19 pandemic), and at follow-up (during the COVID-19 pandemic) with significant \(t\)-test differences (\(\Psi\) indicates significant (\(p<0.05\)) differences between groups, * indicates significant (\(p<0.05\)) differences within groups); dotted line presents normal PAL.