# Enhancing Communication Security in Drones Using QRNG in Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
## 7 Evaluations
### Results and Observations
Frequencies within a 200 Hz range of this jamming frequency were adjusted by adding a random offset between \(-500\) Hz and 500 Hz, effectively simulating an active jammer's impact on the communication system. These parameters were chosen to provide a test of the system's anti-jamming capabilities, ensuring that the FHSS sequences generated by the drones could adapt and maintain secure communications even in the presence of targeted interference. Figure 5: Diagram illustrating the methodology of using a QRNG for true random frequency hopping in a multi-drone FHSS system. The QRNG generates truly random numbers, which are distributed to multiple drones through a shared memory system. A concurrent access protocol manages access to the QRNG, ensuring efficient use of the device. Each drone implements its own FHSS system using the shared random numbers, enhancing anti-jamming capabilities and resistance to eavesdropping across the entire network. A particular aspect of our implementation that warrants clarification is the method by which random numbers from the QRNG were transformed into frequency hopping sequences. We collected random bytes from the QRNG and assembled them into 32-bit unsigned integers to maximize the range and uniformity of the random values. Each integer was then normalized by dividing by \(2^{32}\) and scaled to fit within our desired frequency range. This careful mapping was crucial to ensure a truly uniform distribution of frequencies, eliminating any biases that could arise from improper normalization or scaling. Figure 6: Drone 0: Autocorrelation. Figure 7: Drone 0: Frequency Distribution, where a noticeable dip around 5500 Hz indicates a reduced frequency count in the jammed region. The experimentation yielded several key insights:  
* Data Security: The AES encryption and HMAC verification successfully protected the frequency sequence and synchronization data from interception and tampering. No unauthorized access or data modification was detected during the experiment. * System Resilience: The implementation of true random frequency hopping demonstrated a potential high degree of resilience to jamming, given by the spectral analysis of the frequency hopping sequences. The unpredictability of the sequence made it difficult for potential adversaries to disrupt communication. Figure 8: Drone 0: Frequency Sequence over 100 hops of the total 100,000 hops. Figure 9: Drone 0: Spectral Analysis. Although this is a simplified setup for illustration purposes, and given that QRNG are still at their early stage of development and deployment, to address the practical implementation of distributing true random numbers to drones that are airborne, we could adapt the concept of a shared memory system to a distributed model suitable for a flying multi-drone environment. Instead of relying on a physical shared memory, which is not feasible for drones in flight, we would need to implement a virtual shared memory system facilitated through secure wireless communication channels. The QRNG device would be stationed at a central ground control unit or a leading drone acting as a coordinator. This QRNG would generate true random numbers, which are then securely transmitted to each drone in the network using encrypted communication links prior to  
Figure 11: Drone 1: Frequency Distribution, where a noticeable dip around 5500 Hz indicates a reduced frequency count in the jammed region. Figure 10: Drone 1: Autocorrelation. or during the mission. Each drone maintains a local buffer to store the received random numbers for its FHSS operations. To manage the distribution and synchronization of the random numbers, we would need to implement a concurrent access protocol as a network protocol that ensures all drones receive the necessary random data in a timely and secure manner. This protocol handles requests for random numbers, manages the transmission schedules to avoid collisions, and verifies the integrity of the received data using cryptographic techniques such as digital signatures or message authentication codes (MACs).