esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction  
The two-spotted spider mite, _Tetranychus urticae_, is known as a major pest that causes economic loss in agriculture and floriculture not only in Korea, but also worldwide, because it has a short life cycle and develops rapid resistance to acaricides [1, 2, 3]. _T. urticae_ has developed resistance to most acaricides [4]. The resistance of mites has shifted from simple to complex, and cross-resistance has become quite complex [5].  
Recently, ionizing radiation has become one of the most common quarantine treatments for insect pests, and it includes gamma-ray, X-ray, and electron beam radiation. Gamma radiation consists of high-energy photons that penetrate living cells and cause ionization. Electron beams and X-rays consist of electromagnetic radiation, ionizing radiation, and photons with energies similar to those of gamma rays. These ionizing radiations produce free radicals in cells when they interact with atoms or molecules. Ionizing radiation is used as a quarantine disinfection method against fruit flies before 10 different types of fruits and 5 types of vegetables are transported from Hawaii to mainland United States and is practically applied in many countries, including Thailand, Mexico, and India [6]. In Korea, ionizing radiation has been used for the disinfection of medical supplies, foods, and processed products, and in the semiconductor industry [7; 8]. However, its active recent applications relate to the control of insect pests. According to the results of a previous study, ionizing radiation treatment causes abnormal development and reproduction rather than an immediate insecticidal effect, leading to infertility [9]. Ionizing radiation has a great advantage as a quarantine treatment method because it has a shorter processing time than fumigation treatment and does not leave behind any residues [10].  
In previous studies, the susceptibility of insecticide-resistant insect pests to electron beams was studied with _Rhyzopertha dominica_[11]. Phosphine (PH3)-resistant _R. dominica_ was more resistant than PH3-susceptible _R. dominica_ to electron beam treatment. In other studies, there was no significant difference in the effect of electron beam irradiation between imidalcoprid-susceptible and imidalcoprid-resistant _Aphis gossypii_[12]. Therefore, we compared the effects of electron beam irradiation on the development and reproduction of strains of _T. urticae_ that are susceptible or resistant to acequinocyl, bifenazate, and etoxazole. Our studies provide basic data for disinfection using ionizing radiation for floriculture and agricultural quarantine.
## 5 Discussion
For object detection, the system can be configured for custom ML identifiers such as the vermin identifier model demonstrated in Figure 19. Certain microcontroller boards with stronger processors than the ESP32-CAM can be used to run MicroPython with ML frameworks like TensorFlowLite [60] and cut out the need for a middleman processor. A variety of interfaces could be suggested to account for the level of maintenance knowledge and age group of the users. The cooperation of several microrobots could be beneficial in inspections where viewing different angles provides valuable structural information. Additionally, future HoloLens UI alterations could involve consolidating all detected objects into one token, with an associated bounding box around the detected object and correlating telemetry embedded into the actual frame of detection. Other methods can be used to toggle between the video stream provided by microrobots in AR, such as a dedicated field within a UI via MRTK on top of the Unity framework, gesture interactions, and vocal input. However, a physical QR code provides the convenience of real-world accessibility without the overhead that other complex switching techniques entail. Current limitations include a lack of human user studies with different backgrounds, age groups, and maintenance education in interpreting the represented data and the availability of the universal interface to incorporate all available data using each type of hardware. While end-user feedback would provide invaluable information for improving our systems, it is not within the scope of this study and the experiments are conducted in a controlled environment. It is important to note that technology cannot replace human intervention completely. Homeowners must still remain vigilant and attentive to their surroundings, especially in identifying and addressing potential maintenance problems. Additionally, regular maintenance check-ups and servicing by professionals are still necessary to ensure the safety and longevity of the infrastructure. Although this paper discusses the cyber-physical systems for small houses, the methods can be generalized and extend well beyond homes to most types of infrastructures. The only consideration is that the systems aim for non-specialized users, as opposed to the industrial buildings that have specialized maintenance personnel. Homeowners and technology developers must also keep in mind the importance of data privacy and security, especially when using interconnected devices and sensors. By taking these necessary reminders into account, homeowners can fully enjoy the benefits of technology in home maintenance while also ensuring a safe and sustainable living environment.
## 3 Experimental Results and Simulation Analysis
### Simulation Optimization Analysis  
#### 3.3.1 Model Optimization  
To more accurately reflect the multi-physical field situation inside the cable room, the simulation model was improved to consider the influence of internal structure on the multi-physical field of the cable cabinet. Based on mutual verification experiments, only the internal electric heating wire and heating rod were replaced with three-phase cables and sleeve joints, while the outer cabinet remained unchanged. The geometric structure and dimensions of the simplified cable room model are shown in Figure 2b.  
Figure 8: (a) Distribution of relative humidity data at 75% bottom inlet humidity; (b) distribution of dew point temperature data at 75% bottom inlet humidity.
# Attention-Based Background/Foreground Monocular Depth Prediction Model Using Image Segmentation
## 2 Related Works
### Unsupervised Learning  
The authors of [16] demonstrated an unsupervised deep neural network for single-image depth estimation. Instead of using the rare and resource-consuming method of  
Figure 1: In scenes with significant variations in depth, the multi-scale depth estimation technique SACRF [35] cannot adequately predict individual background/foreground depth maps, whereas our model could improve individual foreground and background depth map prediction using an attention mechanism and image segmentation.  
aligned ground truths, the authors used the collected binocular stereo data and proposed a consistency loss that enhanced the consistency of the predicted depth maps across views. The authors of [17] proposed a monocular depth estimation method that did not require many labeled training samples, mainly using the autoencoder method. To train the model, they used sets of two images with known displacements as stereo pairs; however, due to the limitations of the selected sensor, not every pixel in the images had corresponding ground truth depth values. The authors of [41] proposed a method that could integrate supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Pixels with corresponding ground truth depth values in images were used for supervised learning, while those without corresponding ground truth depth values were used for unsupervised learning. This combination avoided the model predicting the locally optimal solution and improved learning speed. SfMLearner [22] was proposed as an end-to-end unsupervised learning method that could estimate image depth and camera pose from video sequences. It used depth and poses for wrapping and then used the target and wrapped images to calculate the loss.
## 4 Possible Mechanism of Action of Ribosome Engineering
### The Stringent Response, ppGpp, and Ribosome Engineering  
In 1969, [PERSON] and [PERSON] first observed the presence of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate ppGpp, the signaling molecule of the stringent response, in starved _E. coli_[91]. The cellular centration of ppGpp is normally relatively low. Once stimulated by environmental stress such as nutrient starvation, its massive accumulation triggers an emergency response in cells. Since ppGpp was found to bind to RNA polymerases, [PERSON] et al. suggested that the RNA polymerases with certain mutations on _rpoB_ may mimic the RNA polymerase bound with ppGpp in the wild-type _S. coelicolor_ A3(2) [28]. The _relA_ gene encodes the bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase, while _relC_ gene encodes the 50S ribosomal protein L11. In _relA_- or _relC_-knockout _S. coelicolor_ A3(2) mutant strains, incapable of producing ppGpp and Act (\(<\)0.03 in OD633), they identified more than a dozen _rif_ mutants with mutations in _rpoB_ that produced higher levels of Act than the wild-type strains M400 and 1147, respectively (0.43 or 1.71 in OD633). Similarly, a _relC_-knockout mutant of _S. lividans_ 1326 lost the ability to produce ppGpp and Act, while _rif_ mutants with certain mutations in _rpoB_ could restore Act production [92]. _Actinomadura_ sp. ATCC 39727 (renamed as _Nonomuraa_ sp. strain 39 727) contains duplicated _rpoB_ alleles, in which one _rpoB_, rpoB\({}^{\text{R}}\), harbored the H426N missense mutation [93]. The fact that the production of the glycopeptide antibiotic A40926 in _Nonomuraa_. sp. ATCC 39727 was not controlled by the stringent response and the presence of _rpoB_ gene polymorphism in 5 out of 75 rare actinomycetes [94] is consistent with the proposal that certain _rif_ mutants may mimic the stringent response. In _S. mauvecolor_, [PERSON] et al. further showed that the mutant RNA polymerases isolated from stationary-phase cells have enhanced affinity towards three _S. coelicolor_ promoters ACTII-ORF4p, SIGNp1, and SIGNp2 in vitro [79]. Structure studies of the binding between these mutant RNA polymerases and promoters would provide further insights into these important interactions [95].
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Changes of Physical Properties
#### 3.1.2 Changes in Volume, Porosity and Permeability
The sample surface observed under SEM showed dissolution-precipitation features during the reaction (seen in Figure 10a, the date of Group CO\({}_{2}\) is 6 day) because the calcium bicarbonate was quite unstable. The secondary minerals calcite usually settles on the surface of the sample and may clog some micropores, which results in a tiny decrease of the porosity, enhancing its ability to serve as a fluid barrier, and the permeabilities slightly decrease after 6 days [43; 44] (in Figure 9). However, the influences of the precipitates are likely to be transient. According to the results in all figures and tables, the CO\({}_{2}\)-seawater-rock chemical reaction processes were dominated by the dissolution. There was only a small number of visible precipitates on the surface on day 6. The formed crystals were not very stable and would have been dissolved by an influx of new water [45]. Then pores became larger, connected with each other, and further developed into wider pore channels or fractures (seen in Figure 10, dates of Group CO\({}_{2}\) are 12 day and 15 day). Therefore, the permeability of the rock samples improved again because of the new percolation channels. Figure 10: _Cont._  
Figure 11: Corrosion pore size distribution of surface of the BS samples in Group CO\({}_{2}\). Black circles are the pores of sample at 3 day, red triangles are the pores of sample at 6 day, green crosses are the pores of sample at 12 day and purple pentagrams are the pores of sample at 15 day, respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Reaction** & **Pore** & **Average** & **Corrosion** & **Surface** \\
**Time (Day)** & **Count** & **Size (\(\upmu\)m\({}^{2}\))** & **Area (\(\upmu\)m\({}^{2}\))** & **Porosity (\%)** \\ \hline
3 & 11,897 & 0.15 & 1837.92 & 6.08 \\
6 & 3388 & 0.74 & 2491.90 & 17.73 \\
12 & 3381 & 1.20 & 4043.15 & 28.76 \\
15 & 5059 & 1.38 & 6979.61 & 49.65 \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Probability statistics table of the corrosion pores of the BS samples. Figure 10: Scanning electron microscopy images of the cube samples: (**a**) Corrosion evolution of the Group CO\({}_{2}\) for 15 days, showing dissolution after the reaction at 3 day, 6 day, 12 day and 15 day, respectively. There are few CaCO\({}_{3}\) precipitates in the image of 6 day. (**b**) The corresponding binary images of (**a**), with the rock matrix indicated in white and corrosion pores in black. (**c**) The image of Group control after the reaction at 15 day, showing no dissolution. The scale bar applies to all images.
# Fault Detection and State Estimation in Automatic Control
###### Abstract  
We propose fault detection and state estimation of fault detection and state estimation in Automatic Control. We propose fault detection and state estimation of fault detection and state estimation in Automatic Control.  
parameters [6]. Deep learning, on the other hand, proves instrumental in extracting features and patterns from high-dimensional data, thereby improving fault classification [7].  
Another prospective direction involves the integration of diverse methods and models for fault detection and state estimation. This integration enhances the robustness and reliability of solutions by leveraging the strengths of different approaches. For instance, an interval analysis can adeptly handle uncertain state perturbations and measurement noise by computing guaranteed bounds on state estimates [8]. Kalman filtering facilitates the fusion of multiple information sources and continuously updates state estimates based on measurement data [9]. Hybrid systems provide a modeling framework for capturing interactions between continuous and discrete dynamics and events. This facilitates control, verification, state estimation, and fault detection in complex systems [10].  
Nevertheless, numerous challenges still require attention, including scalability, computational efficiency, online implementation, fault isolation, fault recovery, and fault-tolerant control. Hence, additional research efforts are imperative to propel this critical field forward, both in theory and practice.
###### Abstract  
Background: Aerobic exercise reduces pain sensitivity, a phenomenon known as exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH); however, little is known about EIH when the upper limbs are aerobically exercised. This study aimed to test the acute effect of a single aerobic upper-limb exercise on pain threshold and pain intensity in healthy participants, with two different protocols for controlling intensity. **Methods:** 31 participants performed two 20 min exercise sessions a week apart. In each session, the intensity was controlled by a target heart rate (THR) of 60% of heart rate reserve or by a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of 7/10 on the Borg scale. Pain threshold for pressure (PPT) heat (HPT) and pain intensity in response to Tonic Heat Pain (THP) were measured pre- and post-exercise. To examine the effect of exercise in each protocol on pain sensitivity, rmANOVA was conducted. **Results:** Pain sensitivity remained unchanged following arm exercise in both protocols (PPT, \(p\) = 0.67; HPT, \(p\) = 0.56; and THP \(p\) = 0.39). Higher HR in the THR protocol was demonstrated with a significant protocol X time, interaction effect (F\({}_{\text{(G)}}\) = 11.194 \(p\) < 0.004). **Conclusions:** Moderate-high-intensity upper-limb aerobic exercise did not affect pain sensitivity in healthy individuals. Exercise intensity when controlled by THR showed a higher mean heart rate compared to exercise intensity based on RPE.  
exercise-induced hypoalgesia; pain sensitivity; aerobic exercise; intensity; target heart rate; rate perceived exertion Article
# Identification of Key Performance Indicators for T20--A Novel Hybrid Analytical Approach
## 4 Discussion
### Strengths of the Study  
This study contributes to the existing literature on sports analytics and hybrid models, especially in T20 cricket by providing clear definitions for a wide range of performance indicators, including general match indicators, batting, bowling, and fielding. This study is particularly relevant, as it includes novel KPIs, such as batting strike rate and the number of overs bowled by seam bowlers in the different phases of the game, especially in the last six overs of the second innings, which have not been identified in the previous literature. These KPIs provide unique insights into the game, particularly in phase-specific strategies of T20 matches. The study also analyses the KPIs in both innings, considering the dynamic nature of cricket, and brings this novel perspective to performance analysis in predicting match outcomes. Another unique feature of this study is that it provides context-specific analysis, which assists in understanding the situational relevance of each KPI.
## 3 Results and Discussion  
We used 20 strains of fungi belonging to two divisions of the kingdom of Fungi (Basidiomycota and Ascomycota): 16 strains of ligninolytic basidiomycetes (15 strains of wood-inhibating and 1 strain of soil-inhibiting, litter-decomposing, fungi) and 4 strains of ascomycetes.  
Fungi of the genera _Pleurotus_ and _Trametes_, and _Bjerkandera adusta_ are common objects of biodegradation studies [14; 24; 37; 38]. In our experiments, five strains of _P. ostreatus_ were used for the detection of strain-specific differences in degradative properties. Six members of genus _Trametes_, including two strains of _T. versicolor_, were used also. In this case, the differences in the degradative properties of different species of _Trametes_ were found. Some other wood-inhibating basidiomycetes, including _Lenzites betulina_, _Schizophrenia commune_, and _Stecherinum murashkinskyi_, were used. _Pleurotus ostreatus_ f. Florida and _Schizophrenia commune_ were isolated from creosote-contaminated railway sleeper wood and identified using a polyphasic approach, combining morphophysiological observation of the colonies with molecular tools (data not presented).  
Litter-decomposing fungi are another ecophysiological group of basidiomycetes, which can cause the so-called white rot of humus. Some genera of this group are promising organisms for use in soil remediation. The agar basidiomycetes _Stropharia rugosanumulata_and _Stropharia coronilla_ are efficient PAH degraders, and bisphenol A [39; 40]. _S. rugosaumulata_ strain DSM11372 was used in our studies.  
The participation of ascomycetes in the degradation of pollutants is known. _Fusarium oxysporum_ is able to significantly reduce the concentration of oil and to degrade and mineralize anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene [41; 42]. _Geotrichum candidium_ decolorized 21 types of reactive dyes, including azo and anthraquinone dyes [43]. Among the _Cladosporium_ species, known to degrade hydrocarbons, _C. resinae_ has the name the \"ketosene\" or \"cresoote\" fungus, because it occurs in aviation fuel and causes damage by clogging filters and corroding pumps and tanks. _C. herbarum_, isolated from polluted sites, is able to degrade PAHs in a liquid medium [44]. The degradative properties of the entomophogenic _Lecanicillium_ species have been poorly studied. For example, _L. saksenae_ is an active decomposer of the pesticide pendimethalin, and _V. lecaniti_ is a decomposer of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacyacetic acid and anthracene [45; 46; 47].  
On the basis of these literature data, four species of ascomycetes (_C. herbarum_, _F. oxysporum_ [PERSON], _G. candidium_, and _L. aphanocladii_ [PERSON]) were used in our experiments. _F. oxysporum_ [PERSON] and _L. aphanocladii_ [PERSON] & [PERSON] were isolated from creosote-contaminated samples. The fungi were identified by a polyphasic approach, combining morphophysiological observation of the colonies with molecular tools. The accession numbers of the sequences deposited in GenBank are _F. oxysporum_--MG593980; _L. aphanocladii_--MG593981 [48].
## 1 Introduction
[27] used data management techniques to select the most appropriate option based on the relative position of the vehicles to the task assignment location, to link tasks and resources in the flight plan. [PERSON] et al. [28] analyzed the cooperative scheduling problem of airport ferry vehicles and tractors and established a dual-objective mixed-integer programming model to solve this problem. [PERSON] et al. [29] used a particle swarm optimization algorithm to find the optimal position and global optimal position of each vehicle so as to obtain the aircraft sequence and service schedule that the vehicle should follow. The research conducted in the above-mentioned literature mainly aimed at the operation scheduling of a single support vehicle, and there is a lack of complete research on how to configure multiple support vehicles in the case of multi-aircraft support and how to coordinate support operations for multiple support vehicles. In comparison with the traditional support vehicle scheduling problem, this paper analyzes the problems of different aircraft quantities, different support vehicle quantities, and different support processes and optimizes the number of scheduling objects and processes by designing a multi-layer coding genetic algorithm. Meanwhile, the model is constrained according to the actual guarantee requirements, and the problem of variable change is solved by improving the coding method. Intelligent algorithms have been widely used in solving such problems, including the genetic algorithm [30; 31], tabu search algorithm [32], ant colony algorithm [33], decentralized search algorithm [34], etc. The genetic algorithm features excellent global optimization ability and strong robustness and is one of the best algorithms for solving global problems [30; 35]. The genetic algorithm has become one of the best algorithms to deal with global problems because of its excellent global optimization ability, strong robustness, strong universality, and computational performance. However, the genetic algorithm also has the problems of premature convergence and low searching efficiency in the later stage. At the same time, the information cannot be expressed when the genetic algorithm solves complex problems. The multi-layer coding method is suitable for complex research objects; it divides individuals into multiple layers, and each layer represents different meanings. Chromosomes can better and fully express the information about the number of vehicles and the guarantee process. The results of this paper confirm the feasibility of the algorithm. With the full dispatching of the support vehicles, the support time is reduced, the vehicle utilization rate is improved to the greatest extent, and the departure efficiency of the aircraft is increased, providing a solution for the operation scheduling problem of apron support vehicles. The main structure of this paper is as follows: Section 2 explains the expression and symbol of the problem; Section 3 describes the proposed algorithm; Section 4 mainly analyzes the vehicle scheduling in a case in detail, and Section 5 summarizes this paper.