## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Chemical Composition of Yarrow Essential Oils  
#### 3.1.1 Chemical Composition of Self-Prepared Yarrow Essential Oils  
Yarrow essential oil compositions obtained in two consecutive years (2021 and 2022) were determined by GC-MS analyses. Obtained results are presented in Table 1.  
In yarrow essential oil obtained in the year 2021, 43 compounds were identified, while in the case of that obtained in the year 2022, 37 compounds were identified by GC-MS analyses. In both cases, the essential oil was characterized by high chamazulene, germacrene D, and caryophyllene content, and the same six compounds were in the highest quantity. The order of the major compounds according to their amount was the same in the essential oils obtained in two consecutive years. Germacrane D, eucalypt, and caryophyllene oxide were almost in the same quantities. Higher variation was noticed in the level of chamazulene, caryophyllene, and \(\beta\)-pinene. While caryophyllene was present in a higher quantity in the case of essential oil obtained in 2021, the essential oil obtained in 2022 contained higher amounts of chamazulene and \(\beta\)-pinene.  
According to the GC-MS determination, the major constituents of _Achillea millefolium_ L. essential oils were as presented in Figure 2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Obtained in**} & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Obtained in**} \\
**No.** & **Component** & **2021** & **2022** & **No.** & **Component** & **2021** & **2022** \\  & & **\%** & **0** & **\%** & **\%** & **\%** \\ \hline
1. & alpha-pinene & 0.64 & 0.85 & 24. & **caryophyllene** & **16.39** & **12.88** \\
2. & **beta pinene** & **6.10** & **12.45** & 25. & beta copaene & 0.29 & 0.26 \\
3. & beta myrcene & 0.11 & 0.14 & 26. & humulene & 2.56 & 1.99 \\
4. & d-carene & 0.11 & 0.09 & 27. & cis beta farnesene & 0.14 & - \\
5. & o-cymene & 0.13 & 0.23 & 28. & **germacene D** & **21.28** & **21.13** \\
6. & beta terpinene & - & 0.47 & 29. & beta seiline & - & 0.16 \\
7. & **eucalypt** & **3.38** & **3.81** & 30. & bicyclo germacene & 2.08 & 1.62 \\
8. & trans beta cipme & 0.13 & 0.49 & 31. & alpha muroulene & 0.21 & 0.13 \\
9. & beta ocimene & 0.15 & 0.40 & 32. & alpha farnesene & 0.16 & - \\
10. & gamma terpinene & 0.49 & 0.38 & 33. & gamma muroulene & 0.42 & 0.27 \\
11. & linaololol & 0.45 & 0.13 & 34. &adiene & 1.04 & 0.64 \\
12. & alpha campholenal & - & 0.29 & 35. & neurofold & 0.61 & 0.14 \\
13. & pinocravel & 0.25 & 0.23 & 36. & aromadendrane & 0.52 & 0.75 \\
14. & camphor & 0.11 & 0.15 & 37. & **caryophyllene oxide** & **3.02** & **3.38** \\
15. & pinocarvone & 0.78 & 1.13 & 38. & valerena-4,7(11)-diene & 0.35 & - \\
16. & terpinene-4-ol & 0.49 & - & 39. & alpha algemeeme & 0.22 & - \\
17. & alpha terpineol & 1.05 & 0.43 & 40. & alloarandendrene & 0.17 & 0.1 \\
18. & 3-carene & 1.16 & 0.29 & 41. & tau cadinol & 0.53 & 0.42 \\
19. & lavandulyl propionate & 0.22 & - & 42. & alpha cadinol & 0.36 & 0.47 \\
20. & eugenol & 0.13 & - & 43. & **chanzalene** & **21.97** & **25.37** \\
21. & gamma limonene & 0.68 & - & 44. & homosolate & 0.14 & - \\
22. & alfa copaene & 0.21 & 0.29 & 45. & gerani alpha terpinene & 0.43 & 1.45 \\
23. & beta bourbonene & 0.45 & 2.09 & 46. & trans alpha & 0.23 & 0.59 \\  & & & & & **Total identified** & **90.34** & **96.09** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Composition of yarrow essential oil obtained in two consecutive years.  
Figure 2: Major components of _Achillea millefolium_ L. essential oil obtained by steam distillation in two consecutive years.