# Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G
## 3 Analysis and Results
### Current Networks
Full MVNOs have a more advanced billing service and their switching infrastructure, and only lease the radio transmission service, which allows them to offer additional services [58]. Regardless of the modality, MNOVs have been drivenby the need to increase competition for the benefit of users. Table 4 shows the operators offering the service in the two categories. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Year** & **Frequency** & **Amount of Spectrum** & **Allocation Value** & **Supplier** \\  & **(MHz)** & **Assigned** & **(USD)** & **Supplier** \\ \hline
2010 & 2500–2690 & 50 MHz & 41.164.757 & UNE \\ \hline  & 1850–1852.5 & 5 MHz & 16.099.999 & Colombia Móvil S.A. E.S.P. (Tigo) \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1930–1932.5 & 5 MHz & 16.099.999 & Comunicación Celular S.A. (Claro) \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1852.5–1855 & 1932.5–1935 & 5 MHz & 16.099.999 & Comunicación Celular S.A. (Claro) \\ \cline{2-5}
2011 & 1867.5–1870 & 5 MHz & 15.900.000 & \\  & 1947.5–1950 & 5 MHz & 15.900.000 & Telefonica moviles Colombia S.A. (Motivar) \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1885–1887.5 & 5 MHz & 15.900.000 & \\  & 1965–1967.5 & 5 MHz & 15.900.000 & \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1710–1725 & 30 MHz & 55.987.819 & Avantel S.A.S. \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1725–1740 & 30 MHz & 103.103.657 & Telefonica moviles Colombia S.A. (Motivar) \\ \cline{2-5}
2013 & 1740–1755 & 30 MHz & 101.983.901 & Union Temporal Colombia Móvil ETB \\ \cline{2-5}  & 2525–2540 & 30 MHz & 62.516.732 & Comunicación Celular S.A. (Claro) \\ \cline{2-5}  & 2555–2570 & 2675–2690 & 30 MHz & 37.436.499 & Direct TV Colombia Ltd.a \\ \cline{2-5}  & 2575–2615 & 40 MHz & 40.410.795 & \\ \hline  & 835.02–844.98 & & & \\  & 846.51–848.97 & & & \\  & 880.02–889.98 & & & \\  & 891.51–893.97 & & & \\  & 1875.0–1882.5 & & & \\  & 1955.0–1962.5 & 15 MHz & & \\
2014 & 824.04–825 & & & \\  & 825.03–834.99 & & & \\  & 845.01–846.08 & & & \\  & 869.04–870 & & & \\  & 870.03–879.99 & & & \\  & 890.01–891.48 & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1850–1852.5 & & & \\  & 1855–1860 & 15 MHz & & \\  & 1935–1940 & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Summary of spectrum allocations by auction for mobile telephony services in Colombia. Source: [54]. Although MVNOs have been offering the service in Colombia for several years and usually at relatively low tariffs, they have not been able to gain a significant market share. This may be due to several factors, including (1) limited capacity to offer broader services (lower speed or download rates), (2) little or no integration with other telecommunications services (TV and fixed internet), and (3) limited or no capacity in infrastructure operation and planning. The possibility of being able to use spectrum in large proportions is an advantage when offering mobile telecommunications services. Figure 5 shows that in 2022 the market share of the operators with the largest amount of allocated spectrum (Claro, Tigo, and Movistar) is significantly higher compared to the rest of the operators that have fewer spectrum resources or offer services through MVNOs. Furthermore, in the same period, of the total mobile internet traffic in Colombia (448,046 GB in total), only 6% was carried via MVNOs, while the remaining 94% was carried by licensed spectrum companies