# Mapping Noise from Motorised Transport in the Context of Infrastructure Management
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Related Studies and Guidelines  
Urban development requires effective noise management strategies [42; 43; 44]. While the implementation of noise regulations is a key element of a comprehensive noise management approach [3; 14], there is currently insufficient control [45]. The simplest solution applied to multi-lane roads is the introduction of noise barriers [46; 47], while for single-lane roads, applying the indicated solution is economically and visually unfeasible. Therefore, research and application of road noise-mitigation pavements are essential [48; 49]. Transport development is also related to using quieter engines and implementing tyres that reduce noise emissions from motor vehicles [14; 50]. The electrification of transport is also an essential aspect of combating noise emissions [51; 52; 53], as electric motors operate much quieter than traditional internal combustion engines [14; 50]. An interesting conclusion of the study is that traffic control should be considered to reduce road noise emissions. Traffic reduction measures like priority for public transport, development of cycling infrastructure [54], the concept of the 15-minute city, and promotion of walking [52; 55] are crucial. Educating residents about the health impacts of noise and encouraging community involvement in local planning decisions can foster a collective approach to noise reduction [54]. In addition, policies that promote public transport and non-motorised modes can help shift social norms towards quieter, more sustainable transport options [14; 54]. Awareness campaigns can also educate communities about the health impacts of noise pollution and encourage them to engage in noise reduction initiatives [56]. Measuring and mapping road transport noise is essential for establishing areas of harmful exposure and is key to verifying noise standards [7; 57]. One of the primary methods for mapping road noise involves using statistical models that correlate noise levels with various urban parameters, such as traffic volume, road geometry, and environmental conditions. For example, [PERSON] et al. [58] used a statistical approach to generate high-resolution health risk maps related to road noise. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. [59] employed Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to investigate the combined effects of road noise and air quality according to the UK Road Noise Calculation Method (CRTN). This research highlights the importance of integrating statistical analysis with spatial data to improve the accuracy of noise mapping. [PERSON] emphasises the necessity of using noise data to update noise maps and produce mapping work that reflects the changing urban landscape [60]. The systematic collection of noise data is essential for accurately representing noise exposure in urban environments based on actual measurement data [61; 62]. By the regulations in force, the assessment was carried out for one-hour indicators. The basis of the evaluation is the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 14 June 2007 on permissible noise levels in the environment and the requirements contained therein [63]. According to the Environmental Protection Law, the basis for categorising areas subject to noise protection is the provisions of local spatial development plans. Article 114 (1) of the Act states that when drawing up a local spatial development plan, when differentiating between areas with different functions or development principles, it shall be indicated which of them belong to the particular types of areas referred to in Article 113 (2) para. 1 (i.e., the areas specified in the Decree of 14 June 2007 [63]). The applicable values of permissible sound levels in the environment are presented in Tables 1 and 2.