## 1 Introduction
They reported on the concept of bioconvection, bio-nanofluid (green nanofluid), ionic nanofluid, and hybrid nanofluid under natural convection conditions. Special cases of MHD natural convection in cavities involving micropolar and hybrid nanofluids were also presented by reference [16]. It has been demonstrated that convective heat transfer in square cavities can be altered due to the presence of magnetic fields\". \"The study presented by [PERSON] et al. [17] developed a magnetic nanofluid (MNF) heat pipe (MNFHP) with magnetically enhanced thermal properties. It was reported that the porous iron nozzle in the evaporator and the condenser formed a unique flowing pattern of MNF slugs and vapor and magnetically shielded the magnet attraction on MNF flow. The results showed that an optimal thermal conductivity existed in the applied field of 200 Oe. Furthermore, the minor thermal performance of MNF at the condenser limited the thermal conductivity of the entire MNFHP, which was 1.6 times greater than that filled with water, which needed input power of 60 W. The feasibilities of using the MNFHP with the magnetically enhanced heat transfer and for vertical operation were proved to be promising for heat dissipation devices and energy architecture integrated with additional energy systems\". In a recent paper published by reference [18], \"the effects of using nanofluids of various kinds on improving heat transfer and increasing the efficiency of solar collectors were reviewed and presented regarding the effect of electromagnetic fields on improving heat transfer and its effect on solar collectors. In their study, the electromagnetic effect of the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior of nanofluids was examined and reported. The results of the previous research were reviewed and showed that the use of nanofluids has a clear effect on improving the thermal efficiency of solar collectors and improving heat transfer. The effect of electromagnetic overflow on solar collector systems has had a positive effect in improving heat transfer and properties physical fluid\". [PERSON] [19] \"studied the magnetic properties of four water-based nanofluids consisting of Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), CuO, Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\), and SiO\({}_{2}\) in his master's thesis and analyzed the effect of the application of an external magnetic field on the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. He reported that when the magnetic field was applied, the magnetic dipole moments of the particles aligned and the particles came in contact with each other to form chains in the direction of the applied magnetic field. He reported that when the magnetic field was applied parallel to the direction of heat flow, it caused the effective thermal conductivity in the direction of the magnetic field to increase. It was also suggested by [PERSON] [19] that a more thermally conductive fluid can be applied to solve numerous heat transfer problems\". It was reported by [PERSON] et al. [20] that \"a magnetic field induced augmented thermal conductivity of a magnetonanocolloid involving magnetic oxide nanoparticles, Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\), nickel oxide (NiO), and cobalt oxide (Co\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)) dispersed in different base fluids such as heat transfer oil, kerosene, and ethylene glycol. Experiments revealed that the augmented thermal transport under the external applied magnetic field, with kerosene-based MNCs, showed relatively low magnetic field (~600 G) intensities as compared to the heat transfer oil and EG-based MNCs. Additionally, it was observed that Conanoparticles showed an insignificant effect on the thermal conductivity enhancement of MNCs due to their minimal magnetic moment\". [PERSON] et al. [20] \"proposed an analytical approach to understanding the mechanism and physics behind the thermal conductivity enhancement under the external applied magnetic field, in tune with the near field magnetostatic interactions as well as Neel relaxivity of the magnetic nanoparticles.