# What Went Wrong? Predictors of Contact Tracing Adoption in Italy during COVID-19 Pandemic
## 4 Discussion and Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Country**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**CTS Name**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Deployment Date**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Source for**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**People That Downloaded the CTS**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Infected People in Each**} \\  & & & **CTS Download Data** & **in Each Country until May 2021** & **Country until May 2021** \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & **Rav Number** & **\%** & **Raw Number** & **\%** & **Raw Number** & **\%** \\ \hline Colombia & CoronapP & 03 March 2020 & N/A & N/A & N/A & 3,048,719 & 5.9 \\ \hline Ghana & GH COVID-19 & N/A & N/A & N/A & 93,125 & 0.3 \\ \hline Hungary & VirusRadar & 13 May 2020 & [[https://investigigutvedex.com/data-covid-19](https://investigigutvedex.com/data-covid-19)]([https://investigigutvedex.com/data-covid-19](https://investigigutvedex.com/data-covid-19)) & N/A & N/A & 793,784 & 8.1 \\  & & & -tracing-apps (20 May 2021) & N/A & N/A & 49,000 & 5.5 \\ \hline Cyprus & CovTracor-EN & 11 March 2021 & [[https://investigigutvedex.com/data-covid-19](https://investigigutvedex.com/data-covid-19)]([https://investigigutvedex.com/data-covid-19](https://investigigutvedex.com/data-covid-19)) & N/A & N/A & 23,703,665 & 1.7 \\  & & & -tracing-apps (20 May 2021) & N/A & N/A & 102,671 & 0.007 \\ \hline India & Angeoya Setu & & & & & & \\ COVID-19 & 04 April 2020 & N/A & N/A & N/A & 23,703,665 & 1.7 \\ \hline China & Alipay Health Code & N/A & N/A & N/A & N/A & 102,671 & 0.007 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: N/A = not available (i.e., data was not produced, shared, or properly updated, OR there was no single source that combined and/or integrated downloads for different mobile device operating systems).  
\({}^{*}\) = download data updated to April 2021; ** = download data updated to November 2020; ** = download data updated to February 2021.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._  
\begin{table} \begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Total Sample** & **Adopters** & **Non-Adopters** \\ \hline
**Variable** & **M(ds) or \%** & **M(ds) or \%** & **M(ds) or \%** \\ \hline
**Age** & 34.61 (14.14) & 34.87 (13.74) & 34.10 (14.92) \\ \hline
18–44 years old & 74.9\% & 76.0\% & 72.7\% \\ \hline
45–64 years old & 23.0\% & 22.2\% & 24.4\% \\ \hline \(>65\) years old & 2.2\% & 1.8\% & 2.9\% \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Gender**} \\ \hline Male & 22\% & 22.8\% & 20.3\% \\ \hline Female & 78\% & 77.2\% & 79.7\% \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Yearly Income**} \\ \hline EUR \(<10\) k \(\mathbf{\xi}\) & 35.7\% & 35.3\% & 36.6\% \\ \hline EUR 10 k–40 k \(\mathbf{\xi}\) & 50.5\% & 49.5\% & 52.3\% \\ \hline EUR 40 k–70 k \(\mathbf{\xi}\) & 10.0\% & 11.2\% & 7.6\% \\ \hline EUR 70 k–120 k \(\mathbf{\xi}\) & 3.4\% & 3.6\% & 2.9\% \\ \hline EUR \(>120\) k \(\mathbf{\xi}\) & 0.4\% & 0.3\% & 0.6\% \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Education level**} \\ \hline Elementary school diploma & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ \hline Lower secondary school diploma & 3.4\% & 3.3\% & 3.5\% \\ \hline High school diploma & 41.5\% & 36.5\% & 51.2\% \\ \hline Bachelor’s degree & 18.8\% & 21.0\% & 14.5\% \\ \hline Master’s Degree & 26.3\% & 28.0\% & 23.3\% \\ \hline University Master & 3.8\% & 4.3\% & 2.9\% \\ \hline Ph.D. & 6.2\% & 7.0\% & 4.7\% \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Occupational Status**} \\ \hline Unemployed & 9.6\% & 10.3\% & 8.1\% \\ \hline Student & 37.9\% & 35.0\% & 43.6\% \\ \hline Self-employed & 18.0\% & 21.0\% & 12.2\% \\ \hline Public employee & 4.6\% & 4.0\% & 5.8\% \\ \hline Fixed-term employee & 7.0\% & 7.0\% & 7.0\% \\ \hline Permanent employee & 19.4\% & 18.8\% & 20.3\% \\ \hline Retired & 3.6\% & 4.0\% & 2.9\% \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Housing condition**} \\ \hline Alone & 9.6\% & 8.8\% & 11.0\% \\ \hline With partner & 21.6\% & 26.4\% & 12.2\% \\ \hline With family & 59.7\% & 55.0\% & 68.6\% \\ \hline Friends/Roommates & 9.2\% & 9.7\% & 8.1\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  Note: N(Non-adopters): 172, N(Adopters): 329.