## 1 Introduction  
Electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths are found at virtually every point on Earth. They are of natural or industrial origin. Their impact on plants and animals still raises much controversy, which results in various studies being conducted to try to determine changes in the structure and behavior of organisms under the influence of radiation. With the development of civilization, many sources of electromagnetic fields of different frequencies and intensities have been created. One of the greatest inventions of civilization in the field of access to information are mobile phones that use radio waves for transmission. In addition to making and receiving calls and sending text messages, they also allow access to information on the Internet. Today's telephones, despite many advantages associated with the facilitation of daily activities, generate electromagnetic radiation that can be harmful to the human body. It can induce thermal and non-thermal effects in living organisms [1]. Radio frequency electromagnetic fields have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) [2]. This means that there may be a risk of carcinogenicity, so additional research is required on the long-term, heavy use of wireless devices. A mobile phone, through an antenna, generates electromagnetic waves used in the transmission from the radio frequency spectrum in the GSM 900/1800 MHz band (GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications) [3]. It is not ionizing radiation, which means there is not enough energy to separate electrons from atoms or molecules, to ionize them, or break chemical bonds. One of the main effects of long-term exposure is the thermal effect [4]. However, unlike infrared waves, which are absorbed mainly at the surface of objects and cause heating, radio waves can penetrate the surface and give off their energy inside biological materials and tissues. There are many results from developed research [1], from one of which it was found that a telephone conversation lasting several dozen minutes heats the head area. The temperature increase in the cranial region is temporary due to the circulatory system that acts as a thermoregulatory mechanism. Because the effect of heating is essentially no different from other sources of heat, most research on the possible health risks associated with exposure to radio waves has focused on non-thermal effects, specifically whether radio waves have other effects on tissues besides those caused by heating. So far, no negative impact of the non-thermal effect on the human body has been confirmed [1]. The topics of current research are very broad and include, for example, carcinogenicity, cellular changes (chromosomes, genes), sleep disorders, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, effects on the reproductive system, etc. [5]. The obtained results for non-thermal effects are often related to the response of cells to temperature increases; moreover, they are usually controversial and poorly reproducible. An example may be the simultaneous research on the positive impact of the electromagnetic field on the human body. The results are inconclusive, as some have determined that several years of mobile phone use slow the development of Alzheimer's disease by 40%, while others have determined that high-frequency electromagnetic fields increase the risk factor for the disease by increasing beta amyloid levels in the brain [6]. Studies using real exposures from devices available on the market (mobile phones or other telecommunication devices) and studies using simulated exposures from generators or \"test\" phones with similar but unchanging parameters, such as intensity, frequency, etc., are extremely important [7]. Exposure in real life to a similarly wide variety of animals and biological samples exposed in vivo [8] and in vitro [9] has already been found to produce a wide variety of biological and clinical effects [10].