## 5 Implementation and Results
### IEEE 34 Bus Test System  
In this case study, seven faults are assumed in the IEEE 34 bus test system. The structure of the IEEE 34 bus test system is shown in Figure 3. In this case, two depots (each depot has two crews) are considered. As shown in Figure 3, four DGs are considered in the case study. The important parameters of the DGs are presented in Table 1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**DGs** & **Min (kW)** & **Max (kW)** & **Operation Cost for DGs per kW (USD/kW)** \\ \hline DG 1 & 0 & 200 & 5 \\ DG 2 & 0 & 210 & 7 \\ DG 3 & 0 & 120 & 8 \\ DG 4 & 0 & 220 & 9 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Parameters of DG. Regarding the load type, the penalty factor for the load shading programs and unwilling outages for each load point is assumed to be between 10 and 14 USD/kWh. Electricity supply interruptions have financial and social impacts on customers that can vary by season, time of day, customer type and customer load. Furthermore, it can be said that industrial customers are very sensitive customers from an economic point of view in comparison with other types of customers. In this regard, the penalty factor for industrial-load-type supply interruption was considered to be equal to 14 USD/kWh. Additionally, the penalty factor for commercial and residential loads was considered to be equal to 12 and 10 USD/kWh, respectively. The indexes of public hazard for Outages 2 and 7 are assumed to be 2 and for other outages are considered to be 1. The resources and time to repair the outages are listed in Table 2.  
The capacity of Crews 1, 2, 3 and 4 to carry the resources is assumed to be 20, 20, 30 and 20, respectively. In this paper, the EDRP cost was considered in four steps. The step cost of the EDRP is shown in Table 3. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Damage**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Repair Time (30 min Step)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Needed Resources**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-6}  & **Crew 1** & **Crew 2** & **Crew 3** & **Crew 4** & \\ \hline M 1 & 2.5 & 1.2 & 1.1 & 1.1 & 10 \\ M 2 & 3 & 2.3 & 2.1 & 2.2 & 8 \\ M 3 & 1.7 & 1.4 & 1.5 & 2 & 9 \\ M 4 & 1 & 2.1 & 1.2 & 1 & 6 \\ M 5 & 2 & 1.2 & 1 & 1.3 & 8 \\ M 6 & 1.3 & 2.1 & 2.1 & 1 & 12 \\ M 7 & 1 & 1.1 & 1.5 & 2 & 10 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Needed resources and time for damage. Figure 3: IEEE 34 bus test system. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Step** & **Demand Response Price Block (USD/kW)** \\ \hline
1 & 0 \\
2 & 1 \\
3 & 2 \\
4 & 3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: EDRP step cost. The total maximum capacity of the demand response in each demand response bus is assumed to be 30% of each demand response load. The maximum travel time between damaged components (outages) is considered to be 2.3 (time step). In this case study, the first stage of the proposed framework is neglected because the numbers of outages and buses are low. One of the important outputs of the implementation of the outage management system is the RRC scheduling, which is shown in Figure 4.  
Regarding Figure 4, four crews are dispatched in the distribution system to repair the damaged components, and all of them start from depots and are returned to the depots. The optimal RRC problem is a very effective problem for decreasing the time and cost of the system outages. According to the ability of the crews for repairing the outages, the resource capacity of the vehicle crews and the other constraints, the RRC problem is provided. Figure 5 shows sensitivity analyses of the effects of the number of faults and location in the routing process. In this figure, the number of outages and the location of them are different from the base assumptions. The result shows that the proposed outage management system changes the tasks of crews to access the optimal solution. One of the important problems in a time of crisis is the problem of the assignment of the optimal resource number to each crew for repairing the damaged component in the distribution system.