###### Abstract  
To systematically and comprehensively investigate the metabolic characteristics of coloring substances and floral aroma substances in _Camellia oleifera_ petals with different colors, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) metabolomics methods were applied to determine the metabolic profiles of white, candy-pink and dark-red petals. The results revealed that 270 volatile organic compounds were detected, mainly terpenoids, heterocyclic, esters, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and alcohols, in which phenylethyl alcohol, lilac alcohol, and butanoic acid, 1-methylhexyl ester, hotrienol, alpha-terpinel and 7-Octen-4-ol, 2-methyl-6-metribylene, (S)-, butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester, 2,4-Octadenal, (E,E)- could act as the floral scent compounds. A total of 372 flavonoid compounds were identified, and luteolin, kaempfer, cyanidin and peonidin derivatives were considered as the main coloring substances for candy-pink and dark-red petal coloration. In conclusion, this study intuitively and quantitatively exhibited the variations in flower color and floral scent of _C. oleifera_ petal with different colors caused by changes in variations of flavonoids and volatile organic compound composition, and provided useful data for improving the sensory quality and breeding of _C. oleifera_ petals. C 2023  
_Camellia_ petals are mainly flavonoids (especially anthocyanins), which are contributed to the formation of pink and red petals [7; 13]. Cyandin-core structure pigments (such as cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucose) have the potential to produce the most dominant phenotype among wild red-flowered _Camellia_ species in China [14]. Cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)glucoside was the main anthocyanin component in the _Camellia japonica_ petals, while cyanidin-3-\(O\)-rutinoside, peonidin-3-O-glucose, cyanidin-3-Oglucoside, and pelargonidin-3-\(O\)-glucose were responsible for the color intensity of the _C. japonica_ petals [7]. Further research on these pigments will have important guiding significance for exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of flower color change in _C. oleifera_. Flower fragrance is an important trait of ornamental plants and the main basis for evaluating the quality of flowers [15; 16]. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from flowers are mainly divided into three groups: terpenoids, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, and fatty acid derivatives [17; 18]. The content of volatile substances in _C. oleifera_ petals is obviously different due to different flowering periods and varieties. Amounts of 22 fatty acid derivatives, 12 aromatic compounds and 2 terpenoids were identified from _C. oleifera_ flowers, while the VOCs in nectar were mainly fatty acid derivatives. Amounts of 26, 36 and 48 aroma compounds were identified from _C. japonica_, _C. oleifera_, and _Camellia sinensis_, in which eugenol and decylacetate were the characteristic compounds in _C. japonica_ petal, dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone and myrcene were the characteristic compounds in _C. oleifera_ petal, and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone and citral were the characteristic compounds in _C. sinensis_ petals [19]. A total of 5 terpen, 1 aromatic hydrocarbons, 1 alkanes and 1 esters were found in _Siraitia grosverovii_, in which the terpen occupied a relative content of 71.07%, ranking the highest content [20]. [PERSON] et al. found that the contents of volatile substances such as linalool, geranyl, linalool oxide, acetophenone, pentadienal, benzaldehyde and caproic acid were higher in tea flower petals during the flowering phase [21]. The five most abundant compounds, including beta-cis-ocime, cis linalool oxide, lilac alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, and 6-ethenyldihydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-2H-Pyramid-3(4 H)-one were identified from 22 species within genus _Camellia_.