## 1 Introduction
### Applications of Numerical Codes for Pipe Whip Phenomenon  
The modeling methodology for predicting the dynamic structural response of the high-pressure filled pipes for simulating the pipe whipping phenomenon is complex and develops significant data when the pressure-velocity coupling is considered. The simulation of water hammers using numerical tools has largely been conducted in recent years owing to the new methods of solving for various phenomena.  
The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies are widely used to simulate valve closure effect while incorporating dynamic meshing techniques in ICAM. The various fluid parameters, like the velocity-pressure relationship, phase flows, and mass flow rate have been performed in the Ansys Fluent module over the years. Coupling the Fluent models with other numerical software is of major importance, as various solution methods solve multiple water hammer problems which can be a drawback in the classical methods.  
The pressure induced in high-pressure pipes from the reservoirs and tanks during failure causes catastrophic effects in the nearby structures when the pipe undergoes fractureat operating conditions. The failure caused by such high-pressure fluid transients causes large displacements of the pipe when their free ends are not restrained appropriately. The water hammer effect can be modelled by considering the pressure and velocity of the flow inside the fluid by controlling a set of parameters in the fluid domain.  
The structural response of the pipe due to fluid transients can be modelled using the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. The equilibrium between the solid and the fluid medium is considered during the FSI problem when the fluid forces cause a reaction force on the structure. The FSI model for solving impact behavior based on fast fluid transients was performed by [PERSON] et al. by considering the frequencies of the non-harmonic excitations, and they successfully solved the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the FSI model. The MOC-based frequency models with linear boundary conditions were attempted, and the major matrices were similar for the time-based arbitrary functions. [PERSON] et al. proposed a transfer matrix method for the FSI problem with a viscoelastic pipe with both Poisson and junction coupling models in the frequency domain. [PERSON] et al., provided an oscillatory flow domain to determine the strength of a two-way coupling though variable excitation frequencies and validated it using numerical simulations [6; 26; 27; 28; 29].  
The failure occurring at thermo-hydraulic conditions causes a whipping effect on the pipes and, hence, the appropriate modeling technique should be used with finite elements to define the non-linear behaviour of the material under transient conditions. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [30], proposed a finite volume method (FVM) approach based on Godunov model for solving compressible flows with both single- and two-phase media. A coupled model using FVM was solved for the governing equations of state for multi-dimensions for coupling one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) models. The time steps of the numerical simulations play a vital role in defining the equilibrium state and, hence, the Courant number should be satisfied considering the eigen frequency and the length of the beam and shell elements [6; 30].  
Computational time is one of the primary factors when modeling non-linearity and, hence, limited but efficient elements should be created in the domain of interest. The number of finite elements created in the domain of interest significantly affects the solution. The methodology used here is a coupled model containing both the one-dimensional (1D) beam elements and three-dimensional (3D) solid elements.  
The results of the coupled modeling approach are validated with the experimental results conducted in the CEA's Cadarache test facility [2; 4].