## 6 Simulation Results and Discussions
### Simulation Scenarios and Results
#### 6.3.3 Simulation Scenario 3: Energy Consumption Evaluation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Items**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Protocols Considered in Comparision**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**HND**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & PSO-EEC & 1310 & 235\% & 314\% & 1933 & 135\% & 261\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & LDIWPSO & 1288 & 241\% & 321\% & 1352 & 236\% & 416\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & OFCA & 1415 & 211\% & 283\% & 1776 & 156\% & 293\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & NPSOP & 1465 & 200\% & 270\% & 2078 & 119\% & 236\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Network area: 100 \(\times\) & Proposed protocol without routing & 4895 & NA & 23\% & 4546 & NA & 53\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Proposed protocol with multi-hop routing & 5423 & NA & NA & 6977 & NA & NA \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & PSO-EEC & 1208 & 264\% & 349\% & 1749 & 160\% & 299\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & LDIWPSO & 1040 & 323\% & 421\% & 1917 & 137\% & 264\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & SNS 100 & OFCA & 1184 & 271\% & 358\% & 1717 & 165\% & 306\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & DFHs: 5\% & NPSOP & 1221 & 260\% & 344\% & 2000 & 127\% & 249\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Network area: 100 \(\times\) & Proposed protocol without routing & 4395 & NA & 23\% & 4546 & NA & 53\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Proposed protocol with multi-hop routing & 5423 & NA & NA & 6977 & NA & NA \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & PSO-EEC & 256 & 414\% & 811\% & 396 & 517\% & 1030\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & ICDWPSO & 277 & 375\% & 742\% & 380 & 543\% & 1078\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & OFCA & 307 & 329\% & 659\% & 367 & 566\% & 1120\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & DFHs: 10\% & NPSOP & 318 & 314\% & 633\% & 397 & 515\% & 1027\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Network area: 500 \(\times\) & Proposed protocol without routing & 1316 & NA & 77\% & 2443 & NA & 83\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Proposed protocol with multi-hop routing & 2331 & NA & NA & 4476 & NA & NA \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & PSO-EEC & 302 & 336\% & 672\% & 819 & 198\% & 447\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & LEDIWPSO & 252 & 422\% & 825\% & 541 & 352\% & 727\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & SNS 300 & OFCA & 278 & 373\% & 738\% & 361 & 577\% & 1140\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & NPSOP & 310 & 325\% & 652\% & 1000 & 144\% & 348\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Proposed protocol without routing & 1316 & NA & 77\% & 2443 & NA & 83\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & PSO-EEC & 302 & 36\% & 672\% & 819 & 198\% & 447\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & LDIWPSO & 252 & 422\% & 825\% & 541 & 352\% & 727\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & SNS 300 & OFCA & 278 & 373\% & 738\% & 361 & 577\% & 1140\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & NPSOP & 310 & 325\% & 652\% & 1000 & 144\% & 348\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Proposed protocol without routing & 1316 & NA & 77\% & 2443 & NA & 83\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & PSO-EEC & 302 & 36\% & 672\% & 819 & 198\% & 447\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & LDIWPSO & 252 & 422\% & 825\% & 541 & 352\% & 727\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & SNS 300 & OFCA & 278 & 373\% & 738\% & 361 & 577\% & 1140\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & NPSOP & 310 & 325\% & 652\% & 1000 & 144\% & 348\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Proposed protocol without routing & 1316 & NA & 77\% & 2443 & NA & 83\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & PSO-EEC & 302 & 36\% & 672\% & 819 & 198\% & 447\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & LDIWPSO & 252 & 422\% & 825\% & 541 & 352\% & 727\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & SNS 300 & OFCA & 278 & 373\% & 738\% & 361 & 577\% & 1140\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & NPSOP & 310 & 325\% & 652\% & 1000 & 144\% & 348\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Proposed protocol without routing & 1316 & NA & 77\% & 2443 & NA & 83\% \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & Proposed protocol with multi-hop routing & 2331 & NA & NA & 4476 & NA & NA \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* NA: means not available, as the protocol is compared with itself, which is not meaningful.  
\end{table}