## 3 Results  
We enrolled a total of 50 menopausal women with a mean age of 61.92 \(\pm\) 7.77 years who had undergone total thyroidectomy. Table 1 shows comparisons of the baseline and DXA characteristics between the patients with abnormal (\(\leq\)5.4 kg/m\({}^{2}\)) and normal (>5.4 kg/m\({}^{2}\)) ASM/ht\({}^{2}\). Compared to the patients with normal ASM/ht\({}^{2}\), those with abnormal ASM/ht\({}^{2}\) had lower ASM/ht\({}^{2}\), lower upper and lower extremity lean mass percentage, and lower handgrip strength. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Characteristics**} & **ASM/Height\({}^{2}\) \textgreater{} 5.4 kg/m\({}^{2}\)** & **ASM/Height\({}^{2}\)\textless{} 5.4 kg/m\({}^{2}\)** & \\  & **(\(n\) = 46)** & **(\(n\) = 4)** & **\(p\)** \\ \hline Age (year) & 61.96 \(\pm\) 7.99 & 61.50 \(\pm\) 5.45 & 0.912 \\ Thyroid cancer (\%) & 60.87 & 75.00 & 0.577 \\ Menopausal years (year) & 12.50 (8.75–20.25) & 13.00 (8.50–22.00) & 0.718 \\ GNRI (score) & 112.69 \(\pm\) 7.54 & 112.48 \(\pm\) 6.11 & 0.956 \\ BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 24.70 \(\pm\) 3.44 & 22.81 \(\pm\) 1.12 & 0.284 \\ DXA Parameters & & & \\ Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm\({}^{3}\)) & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 1.02 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.890 \\ T score & \(-\)1.44 \(\pm\) 1.80 & \(-\)1.38 \(\pm\) 1.46 & 0.945 \\ Femoral neck BMD (g/cm\({}^{3}\)) & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 0.781 \\ T score & \(-\)1.61 \(\pm\) 1.25 & \(-\)1.83 \(\pm\) 1.04 & 0.736 \\ Total hip BMD (g/cm\({}^{3}\)) & 0.89 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 0.864 \\ T score & \(-\)0.92 \(\pm\) 1.44 & \(-\)1.10\(\pm\) 1.06 & 0.809 \\ Body composition & & & \\ ASM/height\({}^{2}\) (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 6.21 \(\pm\) 0.59 & 5.13 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 0.001 \\ Lean mass (trunk, \%) & 47.97 \(\pm\) 1.74 & 49.05 \(\pm\) 1.22 & 0.235 \\ Lean mass (upper and lower extremity, \%) & 43.01 \(\pm\) 1.95 & 40.72 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 0.002 \\ Fat (trunk, \%) & 54.70 \(\pm\) 4.84 & 52.25 \(\pm\) 2.36 & 0.325 \\ Fat (upper and lower extremity, \%) & 41.06 \(\pm\) 4.65 & 43.68 \(\pm\) 1.84 & 0.273 \\ Laboratory parameters & & & \\ Albumin (g/dL) & 4.43 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 4.65 \(\pm\) 0.32 & 0.063 \\ eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m\({}^{2}\)) & 85.62 \(\pm\) 16.47 & 92.38 \(\pm\) 12.19 & 0.429 \\ Total calcium (mg/dL) & 8.91 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 9.00 \(\pm\) 0.41 & 0.642 \\ TSH (mL/L) & 0.21 (0.03–1.74) & 0.03 (0.03–2.85) & 0.427 \\ Free T4 (mg/dL) & 1.69 (1.44–2.00) & 1.61 (1.39–2.03) & 0.762 \\ T3 (mg/mL) & 74.20 (66.01–88.10) & 93.90 (72.17–115.02) & 0.108 \\ PTH (pg/mL) & 28.18 (21.95–32.21) & 34.58 (21.17–41.17) & 0.414 \\ Vitamin D (mmol/L) & 25.25 (20.90–30.98) & 32.80 (29.40–33.00) & 0.242 \\ Bone ALP (\(\mu\)g/L) & 14.15 (11.00–17.75) & 11.40 (6.20–20.30) & 0.391 \\ CTX (ng/mL) & 0.26 (0.17–0.33) & 0.29 (0.11–0.60) & 0.782 \\ FSH (mlIU/mL) & 41.81 (27.19–34.54) & 35.68 (28.22–51.10) & 0.953 \\ Estradiol (pg/mL) & 19.68 (15.48–25.37) & 26.68 (20.46–31.91) & 0.514 \\ Cortisol (mg/dL) & 10.63 (8.16–12.33) & 11.49 (9.34–13.23) & 0.583 \\ IGF-1(ng/mL) & 114.54 (92.56–159.65) & 105.24 (94.58–118.54) & 0.404 \\ Testosterone (ng/dL) & 33.90 (24.05–43.35) & 43.40 (32.65–47.63) & 0.309 \\ Thyroidbumin (IU/mL) & 0.16 (0.16–0.16) & 0.16 (0.16–0.16) & 0.521 \\ Microsomal Ab (IU/mL) & 13.1 (10.00–24.15) & 13.25 (10.48–20.08) & 0.594 \\ Thyroidbumin Ab (IU/mL) & 20.00 (20.00–20.00) & 20.00 (20.00–20.00) & 0.556 \\ Handgrip strength (kg) & 20.22 \(\pm\) 4.00 & 17.98 \(\pm\) 2.33 & 0.278 \\ Gait speed (m/s) & 5.89 \(\pm\) 1.13 & 5.08 \(\pm\) 0.24 & 0.001 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; CTX, C-terminal telopeptide; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; GNRI, geriatric nutrition risk index; IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor-1; PTH, parathyroid hormone; TSH, Thyroid-stimulating hormone.  
\end{table}