## 4 Results and Discussions
### DMB Comparisons to the FINN and GFAS  
The emission estimation results of FRP generated by VIIRS and Himawari-8 are compared with those of the GFAS and FINN. DMB is used as a common comparison indicator because it eliminates the difference in emission factors between different datasets. Overall, compared with the results of the GFAS and FINN, the estimated results of this study are of a very similar consistency with the former two in terms of time variation (Figure 5). Figure 4: Weighted mean values of parameters of the optimally fitted Gaussian function for each 2 km grid cell: (**a–c**) The peak time of fire activity (local time). (**d–f**) \(\sigma\), depending on the fire duration over the day, or width of the fire diurnal cycle. Figure 5: Daily (7 November 2019–15 January 2020) time series of total dry matter burned (DMB) retrieved using VIIRS and Himawari-8 FRP product developed in this study, along with comparable GFAS and FINN DMB totals. The estimated DMB based on the research method in this paper has four centralized production periods, namely, from 7 November to 13 November 2019, from 3 December to 7 December 2019, from 16 December to 21 December 2019, and from 30 December 2019 to 4 January 2020(Table 3). In the last concentrated production period, 37.97 Tg DMB was produced, accounting for about 26% of the total DMB. The first three concentrated output periods produced 25 Tg, 23 Tg and 18 Tg DMB, respectively. The DMB obtained through this paper during the study period is about 1.13 times higher than that reported by the GFAS. As described in Section 4.1, the MODIS data used by the GFAS have been confirmed to have a large number of small fire omissions, which makes the GFAS underestimate the emission results to some extent. The estimation result of pollutant dataset FINN based on burned area is higher than that of this study and the GFAS, which is about 1.4 times the estimated results of this study. [PERSON] et al. [58] pointed out that FB is usually overestimated when used for pollutant estimation. As described in Equation (1), FB is the key parameter in the estimation of pollutant emissions [59]. The combustion efficiency of biomass always changes during the combustion process, and is affected by the surrounding environment, such as wind speed, combustibles, humidity, etc., which is difficult to accurately measure [27], so it may be the source of the reason why the FINN result is higher. Furthermore, we focused on comparing the spatial distribution of emissions from the three datasets. The spatial resolution of our DMB is 2 km \(\times\) 2 km, the spatial resolution of GFAS is 0.1\({}^{\circ}\)\(\times\) 0.1\({}^{\circ}\), the spatial resolution of FINN is 1 km \(\times\) 1 km. The third one seems to be sparser than the former two, the reason being that the spatial distribution of FINN obtained by resampling the combustion biomass of each fire to a grid of 1 km \(\times\) 1 km from the center of the fire, and so the actual range will be wider than Figure 6g-i. It can be seen that our results are consistent with the spatial distribution of GFAS and FINN (Figure 6). The regions with higher DMB in November 2019 were mainly located in the northeast of NSW, Australia, and the major regions with higher DMB include Clarence Valley, Greater Taree, Hawkerbury, Kempsey, Lithgow, Port Macquarie-Hastings Richmond Valley, Tenterfield and Walcha, which produced about 45 Tg of DMB. GFAS is slightly overvalued compared with the results of this study in Shoalhaven. In December 2019, the regions with higher DMB were mainly located in the east, middle and southeast of New South Wales, including Bega Valley, Eurobodalla, Lithgow, Muswellbrook, Shoalhaven, Singleton and Wollondilly, which produced a total of 74 Tg of DMB. In January 2020, the areas with higher DMB were mainly located in the southeast of New South Wales and the northeast of Victoria. The major cities with higher DMB included Bega Valley, Eurobodalla, Tumbarumba, Tumut, Alpine, East Gippsland and Towong, which produced about 28 Tg of DMB.