# The Predictive Model of Surface Texture Generated by Abrasive Water Jet for Austenitic Steels
By sensing the motions by means of a high-velocity Charge-Coupled Device camera (CCD) camera on cuts in transparent materials, the mechanism of particle motion was studied by [PERSON] [25]. [PERSON]'s work is mostly associated with striation generation research. He developed a model to predict depths of cut that is based on a deep analysis of flow stress and a critical velocity [26]. A high-speed camera was also used by [PERSON] and [PERSON], who studied the macro mechanism of AWJ cutting and analyzed the formation of striations on the machined surface [27]. Machinability of nickel-based superalloy was studied by [PERSON] et al. [28]. Experiments were conducted to analyze the influence of Abrasive Water Jet Machining parameters (AWJM) as follows (water jet pressure, feed rate of jet nozzle, and standoff distance) at three different levels on surface quality. It was confirmed that the AWJ process is suitable for machining of difficult-to-cut materials. The work presented by [PERSON] et al. provides detailed information on the choice of process parameters while machining titanium (Ti-6 Al-4V) alloy [29]. The quality of the machined surface was significantly affected by the abrasive flow rate and standoff distance. Another trend in research of AWJ cutting technology was to strengthen knowledge in the field of thermal energy distribution in the workpiece during cutting. For this purpose, the technique of infrared thermography was used [30]. Monitoring of thermal energy distribution in the cut when increasing the water pressure showed the effect of increasing the workpiece temperature and the heat flux at the cut kerf. The peak temperature was reached near the cutting zone and was changing as the waterjet passed throughout the cut. Better understanding heat transfer and flow characteristics can be done by using models [31; 32]. A comprehensive literature review has been recently done by [33]. It is a collection of knowledge in the field of AWJ from the period of 1960-2019. This review summarizes the references to the research providing the reader with sufficient insight and understanding to operate and improve high-quality and cost-effective AWJ machining operations. The concerned searches also list the applications of AWJ technology for austenitic steel as the most widely used and applied material in the current market as high-quality stainless steel. The basic type of austenitic steels is AISI 304 steel, steel that has a low carbon content, so it is well weldable. When machining the surface with an AWJ beam, it is a cold cut, i.e., the material properties of the surface layer of the cut virtually do not change. Therefore, it can be stated that the presented measurements of steel type AISI 304 correspond to other types of austenitic steel. This material is characterized by excellent properties, has very good cold ductility, can be strengthened during forming, bends well, is well polishable, and can withstand temperatures up to 300-350 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Machinability is not good, but it is possible to machine with very sharp tools. This steel is especially resistant to water, water vapor, air humidity, edible acids, and weak organic and inorganic acids. For these reasons, it currently has a very wide range of applications. It is mainly used in the food and chemical industries, as well as in architecture and design [34]. The subject and main goal of this work are to create the simplest and most usable prediction model for a group of austenitic steels, based on the evaluation of practical results in the company Watting Presov Ltd (Budovate'ska 3598/38, Presov, Slovakia) during 20 years of operation and cooperation with customers from industrial practice. Therefore, the publication focuses on the procedure of evaluating the \(Ra\) parameter as the mean arithmetic deviation of the profile.