###### Abstract
CRDSA promotes the research on Aloha-based RA schemes, especially for the satellite communications scenario. Indicatively, some variants of CRDSA were presented in References [7; 8; 9; 10]. These RA schemes inherited the concept of time diversity by changing the packet repetition rate or combining with suitable coding schemes to further improve the throughput. Moreover, some RA protocols that adopted the train of thought of CRDSA but without time synchronization were researched in References [11; 12; 13]. The asynchronous mechanism makes the received packets probably collide partially with a specific packet. Consequently, the throughput of the network can be further boosted by adopting powerful FEC coding schemes, which are used to recover the packets with limited interference. These enhanced RA protocols exploited packet replicas to recover the collided packets, but transmitting extra replicas consumed more energy. Recent advances in energy harvesting (EH) technologies enable the devices supplying sustained energy by collecting energy from the surrounding environment, e.g., solar, wind, heat, etc. [14]. Many systems, such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and satellite communication networks, can take advantages of EH technologies [15]. Satellite terminals equipped with EH devices can execute tasks such as data acquisition and data transmission autonomously over a long period of time. Therefore, energy management for the satellite terminals is one of the significant and realistic issues in the RA procedure. Moreover, due to the unpredictable and random energy harvested, the design of appropriate RA schemes considering energy management is essential to minimize the negative impact of energy outage and to optimize the long-term network overall throughput. Unfortunately, the EH process and the problem of energy efficiency of the satellite terminals were not taken into consideration in the aforementioned satellite RA schemes. Various multiple access schemes with optimal energy management policies in terrestrial networks have been researched in the literature [16; 17; 18; 19]. In Reference [16], authors studied the tradeoff between throughput and the delay of a sensor node with an EH source. The authors of [17] proposed a policy to determine whether the EH device should transmit the data or not, according to its current energy level, so as to maximize the utility of the networks. The authors of [18; 19] characterized the stable region in the scenario of two bursty nodes with EH capability randomly accessing a common receiver. These studies are suitable for only one or two terminals, which are not realistic in the satellite networks. The design of medium access control (MAC) protocols that can support multiple EH sensors was presented in References [20; 21; 22; 23], focusing on time division multiple access (TDMA), framed Aloha, and dynamic framed Aloha. An EH contention tree-based access (EH-CTA) protocol was addressed in Reference [24], which exploited a tree-splitting algorithm to recover collisions and considered the energy availability. The authors of [25] put forward an EH aware reservation dynamic framed slotted Aloha (EH-RDFSA) protocol for the case of wireless M2M networks. The above works [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25] are considered in the terrestrial EH-WSNs scenario, and the access policies are decided by a central controller according to the energy levels of each EH sensor. The centralized schemes are expected to achieve the best performance because packet collisions can be avoided by proper management at the central controller. However, this kind of centralized policies is only appropriate for relatively small scales of networks [26]. For satellite communication networks, the number of EH satellite terminals (EH-STs) is much larger than that of sensor nodes in terrestrial EH-WSNs, and the energy state information uploaded by massive EH-STs to the central controller in every slot will lead to unaffordable communication overhead.