## 4 Structural Analyses for Selected Materials
### Performance Levels of Minaret (\(H\) = 25.40 m)  
In this study, the performance levels of different materials were determined by using the roof drifts of the minaret model. For this, the limit value assumptions specified in the Turkiye Earthquake Risk Management Guide for Historic Buildings (TERMFHB-2017) [104] were taken into account, and these limit states are given in Figure 16. It is remarked that it is adequate to conduct linear calculation for the Damage Limitation (DL) performance level and one of the linear or non-linear calculation methods for the Controlled Damage (CD) and Prevention of Collapse (PC) performance levels. In the case of DL, the drift ratio under earthquake does not exceed the 0.3% limit. In the case of CD, the drift ratio under  
A response spectrum analysis was performed using the Abaqus finite element model. This analysis can be used to calculate the peak response (stress, displacement, etc.) of the minaret to a particular base motion. Linear analyses were performed on the minaret's models. In structures with sufficient ductility, the horizontal part of the curve is prominent and long. However, in cases where ductile behavior is limited, as in masonry structures in general, the Controlled Damage (CD) and Prevention of Collapse (PC) performance levels are in close proximity. In the fully brittle behavior, the structure reaches power exhaustion without inelastic deformation. In this type of brittle behavior, evaluation according to deformation is insignificant, so a small earthquake load reduction coefficient is accepted, and the structure is evaluated according to strength. The performance levels obtained for the DD-2 earthquake predicted in TBEC-2018 and specified as the design earthquake ground motion level are given in Table 14.  
Here, the \(\times\) sign indicates that the performances are not insufficient, and the \(\surd\) sign indicates that the performances are sufficient. All materials except adobe were found to be sufficient for the prevention collapse performance level for the standard earthquake ground motion level. Cut stone, brick, Bitlis stone, and adobe materials did not provide the recommended performance level for controlled damage. All other materials provided this level of performance. While C25 concrete, Diyarbakir, and Suphan basalt had a sufficient performance for the damage limitation, other materials were not sufficient at this performance level. Figure 16: Pushover curve and limit states [104]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Material Type** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Roof Displacement** \\ **(mm)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Peak Drift Ratio** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **DL \textless{} 0.3\%** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **CD \textless{} 0.7\%** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **PC \textless{} 1\%** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Adobe & 384.8 & 1.51 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\times\) & 254 & \(\times\) \\ Brick & 210.1 & 0.83 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\times\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Cut stone & 219.8 & 0.87 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\times\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Bitlis stone & 190.2 & 0.75 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\times\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Ahlat stone & 175.5 & 0.69 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Natural stone & 129.9 & 0.51 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Andesite stone & 105.4 & 0.41 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Edremit taverntine & 92.6 & 0.36 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Karamursel Od stone & 81.8 & 0.32 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Küfeki stone & 83.4 & 0.33 & 76.2 & \(\times\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ C25 concrete & 71.8 & 0.28 & 76.2 & \(\surd\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Diyarbakir basalt & 72.4 & 0.29 & 76.2 & \(\surd\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ Suphan basalt & 50.9 & 0.20 & 76.2 & \(\surd\) & 178 & \(\surd\) & 254 & \(\surd\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}