## 1 Introduction
For non-isolated high gain converters, in [17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26], a design integrating a dual boost converter with a switched inductor structure was proposed to reach high conversion ratios. In [19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28], a comprehensive DC-DC converter is presented, combining a switched inductor, a switched capacitor, and voltage multiplier stages with a traditional boost converter to enhance voltage conversion capabilities. Moreover, in [14], a hybrid non-isolating cluster switched inductor boost with a hybrid DC-DC converter is introduced, aiming to achieve remarkable voltage gains. These advancements showcase diverse strategies for achieving superior voltage performance in DC-DC conversion. Conversely, other researchers have explored alternative approaches, resulting in the development of non-isolation DC-DC converters capable of achieving high voltage gains without relying on transformers and coupled inductors. These converters are based on the switched inductor and switched capacitor techniques. For electric vehicles (EVs) and solar PV installations, a bidirectional DC-DC converter based on a switched inductor is presented in [9], combining MOSFET switches and bidirectional switches to achieve a high voltage gain. Building upon this concept, refs. [16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22] propose a bidirectional hybrid DC-DC converter that combines a switched capacitor and a switched inductor, resulting in higher voltage conversion ratios. In [23; 24; 25], a high voltage gain boost converter is proposed that incorporates switched inductor and switched capacitor techniques in conjunction with a modified voltage multiplier cell and a double voltage multiplier cell configuration, which was first introduced in [31]. Despite their remarkable capacity to verify substantial voltage gain, these previous converters exhibit limitations. The elevated voltage gain necessitates an excessively high duty cycle, resulting in amplified MOSFET conduction and switching losses and diminished efficiency [1; 1; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34]. Additionally, the heightened duty cycle places substantial voltage strain on essential components such as power switches, diodes, and inductors, potentially affecting their longevity. Furthermore, these converters operate at a low switching frequency, often integrating numerous inductors [5; 36]. This inadvertently introduces elevated levels of parasitic resistance, limiting their effectiveness in practical applications. Further modifications are proposed. In [3; 4], a non-isolated extendable DC-DC converter is presented, employing (APIC) active-passive inductor cells to optimize voltage conversion. Moving converter topologies in [11] describe a switched capacitor with a large count of components offering step-up voltage. A DC-DC converter based on an (ANC) active-network converter with a switched capacitor technique is proposed in [15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31], emphasizing performance enhancements in RESs. In the pursuit of high-gain configurations, ref. [19] introduces a high-gain boost converter employing an extended single-switch high-gain topology, utilizing multi-cell configurations for RESs. Similarly, [20; 33] presents a high-gain DC-DC converter based on a multi-cell hybrid switched-inductor (HLS) topology, specifically designed to achieve high voltage ratios. In [29], three types of converters are developed: the switched inductor-boost, SC-boost, and ANC converters, each offering voltage regulation. In [30], a novel switched-inductor double-switch DC-DC converter (SL-DS-DC) is introduced with a redesigned switched inductor arrangement, aiming to enhance efficiency in PV systems. In [17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27], improved hybrid switched inductor switched-capacitor DC-DC converters are introduced, with a high number of power switches.