## 1 Introduction  
As a main way to obtain important ground information, aerial photography technology has the advantages of good maneuverability, high timeliness, low investment, etc. In addition to observing geomorphology, resources, environment, weather, and natural disasters of the earth, aerial photography technology has also made significant contributions to the safety and progress of human society, such as accurate and targeted reconnaissance of sensitive military targets to obtain target data [1, 2, 3]. Aerial camera performance depends largely on the aerial camera optical system. Imaging quality is an important standard to measure the performance of aerial cameras, which is mainly affected by the performance of the optical system and imaging system. At present, various methods to improve the image quality of the optical performance have been used, while the environmental factors are still unavoidable [4, 5, 6]. Asspheric lenses have a more suitable curvature, and their performance can be improved by correcting aberrations [7]. The current aspheric design can correct images, solve problems such as visual distortion, and has excellent clarity and higher resolution [8]. Lens miniaturization can also be achieved with aspheric lenses. With the continuous breakthrough of aspheric lens manufacturing inspection technology, the manufacturing cost of aspheric lenses has gradually decreased, which is conducive to improve the utilization and manufacturing accuracy of lenses. Therefore, the development of aspheric manufacturing technology makes the application of aspheric surfaces in aerial cameras possible [9, 10, 11, 12]. In the development and design of optical systems of aerial cameras, the presence of stray light is an obstacle to the improvement of the imaging performance of some high-end precision optical systems [13; 14; 15]. Therefore, the design of stray light suppression is an important task [16; 17]. In addition, stray light evaluation has always been an important link in the development of optical instruments. The research methods generally include theoretical simulation, stray light testing, and correction [18; 19; 20; 21]. General evaluation functions of stray light are source transmission, stray light coefficient, etc. Different evaluation methods are related to the characteristics of the instrument and the means of stray light suppression. [PERSON] et al. [22] analyzed the stray light situation of an SNAP telescope. The stray light was suppressed by means such as an outer baffle and vanes, and the model was established and analyzed using ASAP software. [PERSON] et al. [23] conducted an in-depth study of the stray light of the ASPIICS corona observer. They analyzed the sources of stray light, designed an outer baffle and built-in baffle structure to eliminate stray light, and simulated the distribution of diffraction spots formed on the edge of the outer baffle. [PERSON] et al. [24] tested and corrected the stray light of a polarized multi-angle sensor and divided the stray light on the image surface into one type of stray light and two types of stray light. At the same time, the algorithm was used to correct the stray light, but no quantitative theoretical analysis results were given. Although some scholars have studied the stray light suppression of aspheric optical systems, the structure of optical mechanical systems will also affect the effect of stray light suppression [18; 25]. The existence of stray light will reduce the image plane contrast of the optical system, optical transfer function, and signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the stray light to improve the performance of different aspherical camera optical systems. This article contains the following sections: the second part mainly introduces the theoretical basis of stray light and the structural design of the optomechanical system. In order to eliminate stray light, extinction coating and structural factors were comprehensively considered and the design of baffle and vanes was optimized based on the camera structure.