## 5 Results: Quantitative Analysis and Most Important Publications
### Geographical Analysis Results  
This section presents the geographical analysis focused on attention of each country to the technologies related to _LLM_s and their applications in health. To facilitate this analysis, each paper was linked to one or more countries based on the affiliations of the authors, as provided in Scopus. When multiple authors of the same paper were affiliated with the same research center or university, the corresponding country was included only once in the list of affiliations for that paper. The contribution of each country was then quantified by aggregating the number of papers where the country appeared in the affiliation list. A higher count indicates a greater level of research activity and interest in the topic. Figure 6 presents a pie chart depicting the 15 countries with the highest research impact, collectively accounting for approximately 25% of the total contributions. The remaining countries are consolidated into a single category labeled as \"Others\". From these charts, it is evident that China, India, and the United States contribute most significantly (though in varying order) and collectively account for about 30% in the first period (see Figure 5(a)) and approximately 40% in more recent periods (Figure 5(b),c). Some countries, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, Italy, and South Korea, are consistently present across all periods. Other countries, like Japan and Taiwan, appear in the earlier periods but are no longer present in recent years. While it might seem surprising to find less developed countries in this ranking, scientific research is becoming increasingly global, with researchers from diverse nations  
Figure 5: Distribution of the _Review_ datasets. collaborating. Despite advancements, a digital divide continues to separate developed and developing countries. The intense competition for leadership in this field is evident in government policies, investments, and the movement of skilled workers. Nevertheless, the participation of less developed countries highlights AI's potential to drive development and bridge gaps. Finally, new countries emerge in the most recent period: Iraq and Saudi Arabia, reflecting a growing interest in _LLM_ technologies applied to medicine across a broader range of regions. Performing the same analysis on \"Review\" publications reveals that the primary interest remains centered in the same countries, as shown in Figure 7. Since authors of review articles often aim to disseminate and popularize new research topics, this is likely correlated with the emergence of new areas of interest in _LLM_s in medicine in different countries. In the first period (see Figure 5(a)), the United States dominates with 17% of the publications. Besides the United States, notable contributors include Germany (8%), Italy (6%), and the United Kingdom (5%). Asia is represented by China (5%) and India (4%). During this period, the landscape of publications appears relatively distributed, with limited concentrations of dominance and significant contributions from European countries. The main changes in the intermediate period (Figure 5(b)) include an increase in contributions from the United States, while India (8.5%) and Australia (7%) become more prominent actors. New contributors emerge, such as Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Ethiopia, reflecting a global expansion of interest in _LLM_s applied to medicine. Figure 6: The 15 countries with the highest research impact for _All_. Figure 7: The 15 countries with the highest research impact in review-type publications. In the most recent period (Figure 6c), the United States further increased its contribution, reaching 25.9%. China became the second most significant contributor with 8.2%, surpassing India and Germany. Additionally, in this recent period, new countries such as Nigeria, Poland, and Israel appear, showing an increasing interest in publishing review articles.