## 3 Application of TCP Panels in the Museum of the University of Alicante
### Comparison of Operating Temperatures \(T_{o}\)  
To compare the energy efficiency of both options, the user's comfort conditions must be similar. For this, we adjusted the similar operating temperature parameter \(T_{o}\), and relative humidity RH in both scenarios. \(T_{o}\) is defined as \"the uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure in which a body exchanges the same dry heat (without taking into account latent loads) by radiation and convection than in an identical real environment\". Once we determined experimentally and sufficiently closely, both the convection coefficients \(h_{c}\) according to the expression (1), and the radiation \(h_{r}\)--which adopts approximate values of 4.7 W/m\({}^{2}\)K at an estimated human body temperature \(T_{i}\) of 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C--we proceeded to calculate, for both established options, the operating comfort temperature \(T_{o}\), values according to the expressions:  
\[h_{c}=14.11\cdot r^{0.24}\left(\text{W}/\text{K}\right) \tag{1}\]  
\[T_{mrt}=T_{1}\cdot F_{P-1}+T_{2}\cdot F_{P-2}+\cdots+T_{N}\cdot F_{P-N} \tag{2}\]  
\[T_{o}=\frac{h_{r}T_{mrt}+h_{c}T_{a}}{h_{r}+h_{c}} \tag{3}\]  
The interpretation of this last expression (3) helps to understand how radiant surface conditioning systems work. An individual's feeling of comfort in closed spaces, with prior control of relative humidity and air velocity following Spanish Regulations on Heating Installations in Buildings (or RITE by its Spanish acronym) (between 40% and 60%, and 0.15 to 0.24 m/s respectively, according to the winter or summer regime), depends on the air temperature surrounding it and the surface temperature of the walls making up the space. As shown, in the case of the MUA, the indoor air temperature was about 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C higher in radiant systems compared to convective systems.  
In Scheme 1, summer temperature values are observed for the 2 August 2015. They were obtained by monitoring the building, and by means of a Design Builder simulation for radiant systems with  
Figure 6: Ceramic thermal conditioning panel applied to the MUA floor. 01: Large-format porcelain stoneware piece. \(300\times 100\times 2\) cm. 02: Adhesive layer. Beka Thermal Conductive Paste V. WLP. 1. Thickness: 6 mm. 03: PPR capillary mat. Diameter: 3 mm. Separation: 10 mm. 04: Polyurethane foam thermal insulator. Thickness: 10 mm. 05: Regulatory layer. Self-levelling cement mortar. Average thickness: 10 mm. 06: Coating of screed: expanded clay. Thickness: 80 mm. 07: Aluminium channels to pass the PPR distribution pipes through. 08: PPR distribution pipes. Diameter: 32 mm. 09: Thermal insulator. Type IV expanded polystyrene. Thickness: 40 mm. 10: Reinforced concrete slab with electrowelded mesh \(150\times 150\) mm. Thickness: 150 mm.  
TCP panel options. The outside air temperature values, the indoor air temperatures of the occupancy zone's points 1 and 3 are shown for the current convective system (OP1) and the floor radiant panels system (OP2), and for indoor air temperature values in the event that the air conditioning system is not operating.  
As can be seen in Table 1, the operating temperatures \(T_{o}\) get close to the values of 23 \({}^{\circ}\)C introduced in the Design Builder simulations for the summer regime, as required by the RITE. By providing a large surface focal spot on the floor, ceiling or wall, the surface temperatures of the heat or cold-emitting focal spot become more moderate in these systems. The same emission power is achieved in the other systems and with similar operating temperature. As we will see, this difference generates substantial energy savings, and allows using alternative energies, such as solar [17; 18], aerothermal or geothermal [19; 20].