## 4 Results
### Human-Environment Coordinated Development Zoning Management of HF and EQ
#### 4.3.3 Human-Environment Coordinated Management Zoning of HF-EQ  
This study integrated the static and dynamic HF-EQ categories to classify eight subcategories and five major human-environment coordinated development management zones (Figure 10). Figure 10a illustrates the numerical distribution of human-environment coordinated management zones in China's lake-ring urban agglomerations. Overall, in China's lake-ring urban agglomerations, ECPZ represented the most significant proportion (45.74%), indicating that most areas remained in a low-development or restoration transition stage. HRSZ and HIRZ comprised 20.63% and 20.57%, respectively. In HIRZ, the proportion of SII-D2 was notably high, indicating that areas with initially good ecological conditions faced significant development pressure. HSEZ and HCAZ each represented less than 10%. For each urban agglomeration, (1) DTU and PYU had ECPZ as the dominant zone (45.38% and 55.60%, respectively), indicating potential for human-environment coordinated development. HIRZ exceeded 20% in both, with the combined SII-D2 proportion reaching 62.22%. This indicates that areas with relatively good ecological conditions were already experiencing significant development pressure. (2) CHU and HZU had similar human-environment management structures, with ECPZ exceeding half (52.99%  
Figure 9: Dynamic evolution zoning of HF-EQ.  
and 55.46%, respectively). HRSZ also represented a significant proportion (22.19% and 25.76%, respectively). HSEZ and HCAZ proportions were greater than those in DTU and PYU. (3) In THU, HRSZ accounted for the most significant proportion (45.93%), indicating that despite the poor current human-environment coordination, it has potential for restoration. HSEZ and HCAZ in THU had the highest proportions among the five urban agglomerations, accounting for 12.04% and 15.84%, respectively. This suggests that THU's human-environment system exhibits a governance pattern characterized by the coexistence of synergy restoration and conflict.  
To illustrate the dual-dimensional integrated matching of human-environment coordinated management zoning, this study conducted a raster-scale visualization analysis for each category (Figure 10b). The results indicate that (1) HSEZ formed a ring-shaped pattern around urban built-up areas, particularly in the lakeside plains of THU, HZU, and CHU. HSEZ demonstrated a diversified land use structure, indicating efficient human-environment synergy. (2) ECPZ was predominantly located in each urban agglomeration's hilly and forested peripheries, particularly widely spread in DTU, PYU, CHU, and HZU.  
Figure 10: Human–environment synergy management zoning of HF-EQ. (**a**) Proportional distribution of each zone; (**b**) Spatial distribution patterns of each zone.  
(3) HRSZ consisted of two subcategories: SIII-D1 and SIV-D1. SIII-D1 overlapped mainly with near-water croplands in DTU and PYU, as well as grain production areas in CHU and HZU. SIV-D1 was concentrated in the urban cores of DTU and PYU, as well as in the urban-rural fringe zones of THU, CHU, and HZU. (4) HIRZ was dominated by SII-D2, mainly distributed at the edges of DTU and PYU and in the southwestern ecological forest areas of CHU and THU. This indicates that areas with a good ecological foundation faced coordination imbalances during expansion. SI-D2 mostly appeared at the edges of urban core areas with relatively good ecological conditions, indicating that areas with high EQ under intense development pressure still struggled to achieve coordinated development. (5) HCAZ was primarily composed of the SIV-D2 subcategory, distributed in urban core areas, along major transportation corridors, and in lakeside development zones. SIII-D2 primarily occurred in degraded forest land and low-efficiency croplands. THU and CHU were the urban agglomerations with the highest proportions of these two subcategories. Being the most conflict-prone and high-risk area, HCAZ requires the prioritized implementation of strict human-environment intervention measures.