## 3 Results and Discussion
### Physical Characteristics: Slump Flow, Flow Time, Flow Velocity and Density  
The intent of this investigation was to find stable AAEC mixes with good workability considering the raw materials, curing conditions, and activator types used, as well as the optimum mix proportions [76]. Visual inspections were also conducted to observe segregation characteristics in terms of the separation between solid and liquid components of the mix. All the mixes showed stable performance with no segregation, as can be seen from the slump flow shown in Figure 4a. The fresh density of the AAECs ranged from 1911 kg/m\({}^{3}\) to 1954 kg/m\({}^{3}\) while the dry (hardened) density ranged from 1984 kg/m\({}^{3}\) to 2176 kg/m\({}^{3}\) (Table 3). Figure 5 shows the influence of the MWCNT, rGO, and MgO content on the slump flow of the AAEC mixes. The slump flow value of the AAEC mixes decreased with an increase in MWCNT content (Figure 5a) from 0 to 0.6%, except for the binary mixes with reagent 2 (B2). The slump flow (Figure 5b) decreased with the increase in rGO content from 0 to 0.3% and then showed an increasing trend up to 0.6%, except for the binary mixes with reagent type 1 (B1). The binary and ternary mixes with 0.3% rGO content generated the minimum slump flow as compared to their control mixes (with 0% rGO or MWCNTs) and, mostly, those with 0.6% rGO content. However, for the binary and ternary mixes, the MgO content had an insignificant influence on the slump flow of the AAEC mixes, although a slight decrease in the slump flow with the addition of 5% MgO was observed (Figure 5c). Among all the mixes (Table 3), a ternary mix with 0.6% rGO (T2R6) showed the highest 800 mm slump flow while the lowest slump flow of 620 mm was recorded for the binary rGO mix (B2R6). As per the EFNARC (2002) [75] guidelines, concrete and composites possess good filling and self-consolidating ability if their slump flow ranges between 650 mm and 800 mm. Almost all the AAEC mixes satisfied the EFNARC [77] criteria by showing a slump flow value of \(\geq\)600 mm. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline AAECMix & \begin{tabular}{c} **Fresh** \\ **Density** \\ **(kg/m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Slump Flow** \\ **(mm)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Slump Flow** \\ **Time (s)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Sump Flow** \\ **Velocity** \\ **(mm/s)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} *** Hard/Dry** \\ **Density** \\ **kg/m\({}^{3}\)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} *** 28-Day** \\ **Compressive** \\ **VIP (m/s)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} *** 28-Day** \\ **Strength** \\ **(MPa)** \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline T1C3 & 1903 & 710 & 3 & 236.7 & 2016 & 3605 & 33.2 \\ \hline T2C3 & 1928 & 725 & 3 & 241.7 & 2096 & 4068 & 36.4 \\ \hline B1C6 & 1950 & 700 & 5 & 140.0 & 2044 & 3582 & 35.5 \\ \hline B2C6 & 1  
In the case of control AAECs, the ternary mixes (T1 or T2) exhibited higher slump flows (Table 3) than their binary counterparts (B1 or B2) due to the replacement of FA-C by FA-F with smooth round shape particles (associated with a decrease in FA-C and GGBPS contents as per Table 2) that enhance flowability. As discussed earlier, activator type 2 results in less viscous mixes owing to a lower silica ratio and low desolation rate, and, thus, can be theorized to yield a higher slump diameter. This trend can be observed for the control mixes made with activator type 2 (B2 and T2). However, the addition of MgO/MWCNTs/rGO, in almost all cases (specifically binary mixes), showed less significant but lower or almost similar slump values for the mixes with activator type 2 compared to the mixes with activator type 1 (Table 3). The increase in the solid load, finer surface of fine particles, water affinity, and agglomeration tendency of MgO, MWCNTs, and rGO can be theorized to contribute to such variations and the reduced workability.