## 2 Literature Review
### Multi-Criteria Analysis  
The Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a multi-criteria analysis approach that methodically uses benefit and non-benefit decision criteria to select an optimum alternative from a list of alternatives [66]. There are different MCDM tools, such as AHP, ELECTRE, and TOPSIS, which can be used to rank alternatives based on decision criteria in diverse decision problems in various fields and industries [67]. The majority of papers in the body of literature showed that MCDM tools can significantly improve decision-making in scenarios involving multiple conflicting decision criteria [67; 68; 69]. [PERSON] et al. [66] state that the hybrid method integrating more than one MCDM tool is the most frequently used approach in all fields and applications. The Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is an MCDM tool that has been validated for identifying the ideal solution among a list of alternatives. TOPSIS considers the proximity to the best option and the remoteness from the worst option while identifying the optimum alternative based on these two factors. TOPSIS has proven to be a reliable, effective, and robust MCDM tool due to its solid theoretical foundation and numerous successful applications in various domains [70]. [PERSON] [70] introduced an extension of the traditional TOPSIS method in a fuzzy environment, known as the FTOPSIS methodology. In circumstances of high uncertainty in the decision-making process, the use of fuzzy logic grows more important to clear out this uncertainty and vagueness, and hence, FTOPSIS can be used to select one or more alternatives with reference to multiple criteria. FTOPSIS is particularly beneficial when the information known about the alternatives and their application in the field of study is either imprecise or ambiguous and vague. In such cases, the input of the experts into the TOPSIS decision matrix will provide a subjective judgment using linguistic variables based on a realistic representation of the effectiveness of alternatives in serving the goal of the study with reference to the identified criteria [71]. Several research papers have used TOPSIS in the ranking of alternatives related to digital technologies and applications in several fields. For example, [PERSON] et al. [72] used FTOPSIS to select digital technologies in circular supply chains. Moreover, [PERSON] [73] used entropy weight TOPSIS to compare the criteria affecting digital innovation performance and investigate its importance in SMEs. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [74] developed a TOPSIS-based decision support system to explore Industry 4.0 technologies to improve manufacturing enterprise safety management. With more relevance to the digital infrastructure addressed in this research, [PERSON] [75] used TOPSIS to evaluate the impact of the variables of organizational culture on the success of knowledge management in organizations while addressing the challenges and opportunities presented in a digital transformation environment. The FAHP and FTOPSIS methods are among the most influential MCDM tools in criteria and alternative assessments [76]. [PERSON] et al. [77] used this hybrid FAHP-FTOPSIS approach to rank the practices of mercury risk reduction, and [PERSON] et al. [78] used the same hybrid approach to rank the strategies and practices to overcome the bar