## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Subfamily**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Genus**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Species**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Year of First**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Arboreal**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ground**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Subterranean**} \\  & & & & & **Rerecord** & & & \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{_Euponera_} & _Buniapone_ & _amblyops_* & native & 2021 & - & - & X \\  & _Diacamma_ & sp. 1 & native & 2017 & X & X & - \\  & _Ectomomymrex_ & _amamnitus_* & native & 2021 & - & - & X \\  & _astittus_ & native & 2001 & - & X & - \\  & _leavenhoecki_ & native & 2017 & - & - & X \\  & _Epuonera_ & _pilosior_ & native & 2017 & - & - & X \\  & _sharpi_ & native & 1928 & & - & - \\  & _Harpengathos_ & _venator_ & native & 2001 & - & X & - \\  & _venator rugosus_ & native & 1928 & & & \\  & _Hypoponera_ & _exocata_ & native & 2017 & - & X & - \\  & & sp. mo01 & native & 2017 & X & X & - \\  & _Leptogensys_ & _chitensis_ & native & 2017 & & & \\  & _peuquet_ & native & 1928 & - & X & - \\  & _Odontoponera_ & _dentiulata_ & native & 2017 & - & X & - \\  & _Pseudoneopenera_ & _ruftpes_ & native & 1930 & - & X & - \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**PROCEARTIINAE**} & _Probolomyrmae_ & _dabermanti_* & native & 2021 & & & \\  & _Proceratum_ & sp. cf. _bruelleidei_ & native & 2021 & - & X & - \\  & & * & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**PSEUDOMYR- MICINAE**} & _Tetraponera_ & _allaborans_ & native & 2017 & & & \\  & & _binghami_* & native & 2021 & X & X & - \\  & & _nittida_* & native & 2021 & X & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._At least five of the species collected during our 2019 survey, which belong to the genera _Strumigenys_, _Sylplophopsis_, _Tetramorium_, and _Vollenhovia_, were considered potentially novel to science at the time of collection. We found three of the undescribed species in subterranean traps (i.e., _Strumigenys subterranean_, _Sylplophopsis_ nr. _Cryptobia_, and _Tetramorium_ sp. 9 JF), one in leaf litter samples (i.e., _Vollenhovia_ sp. 2 BG), and one in arboreal traps (i.e., _Tetramorium_ sp. 2 JF). Several of the new records have rarely been reported in the literature and represent extensions of their known range. First, we found workers of _Dilobocondyla propritiangulata_, an arboreal species described from Vietnam [197], at two different sites in Macao, which represents the third and fourth records of the species worldwide. Second, we found workers and a queen of _Mayriella granulata_, also described from Vietnam [198], which represents the first record of this species in China. Lastly, we found a worker of _Probolomyrmex_ (_P. dammermaui_), a pantropical but rarely collected genus [199, 200, 201], which represents the first record of this species in China. Before our survey, 14 tramp and 14 exotic species were known to occur in Macao. Here, we report four additional exotic species records: _Brachymyrmex patagonicus_, _Plagiolepis alluviali_, _Tetramorium insolens_, and _T. tonganum_. We also report three additional tramp species records: _Cardiocondyla proytofonii_, _Iridomyr mex_ sp. _anceps_ complex, and _Monomorium intrudens_. Moreover, we report new localities in Macao for several exotic species: _Anoplepis gracilipes_, _Cardiocondyla minutior_, _Monomorium phanonis_, _Occerea biroi_, _Paratrechuna longicornis_, _Pheidole megacephala_, _Solenopsis invicka_, _Strumigenys enmae_, _S. membrananifera_, _S. nepalensis_, and _Tetramorium languinosum_. Nevertheless, despite achieving a high sampling coverage (i.e., between 80 to 98% depending on the method), species accumulation curves indicate that further sampling should uncover several more species on Coloane Island (Figure 5, Table 4). Indeed, estimates predict that each sampling method could collect from 2 to 25 additional species each. We identified 112 studies, representing 109 cities, that focused on ants within urban environments (Figure 1, Table 1). Among those, 23 studies provided species checklists, while 88 represented ecological surveys.