## 6 Case of Study: IPS at St. Olavs Hospital  
As previously mentioned, Central Norway Regional Health Authority has an overall EBIM (enterprise BIM) strategy in which all buildings in the health enterprises are described and communicated virtually on a uniform openBIM standard throughout the entire life cycle of the building. The purpose is to strive for a comprehensive and rational digital management of the building stock that reflects to the best possible level the real building structures and functions. The main difference between BIM (which is mainly project- and FM-oriented) and EBIM is that EBIM is a building aspect structure that puts the core business into focus (owner, director, personnel, patient, authorities, manager and builder). In order to meet this objective, a BIM server has been acquired for St. Olavs Hospital, and is used as the main tool for validating, storing and retrieving all building technical information. The system has features that support operation and maintenance, rental agreements, retrieval and tracking of mobile equipment and people, as well as an in-house web-based real-estate portal and wireless communications in the field. St. Olav's Hospital has a strong focus on how EBIM can support its core business operationally and strategically [28]. To make EBIM more knowledge-based, central operation monitoring with the help of sensor technology, such as the IoT, will have a fundamental role on decision-making, object tracking, optimizing inventory space and labor and operational costs [20].  
In order to develop and enhance the quality of the FM, St. Olavs Hospital has a need to locate medical equipment. Big and massive equipment like AGV (automated guided vehicle) robots, hospital beds and wheelchairs tend to move relatively frequently (Figure 3). Although these are easy to spot, it still takes time to locate and position them across a building. Smaller medical apparatus and equipment are often borrowed from one section within the hospital to another and, in some cases, they are never returned. This causes the facility managers to seek them, wasting valuable time. Hence, a system for locating and positioning the apparatus and equipment faster is very welcome from all the sections of the hospital. Accordingly, facility managers and hospital architects are also interested and concerned in the historical data related to the locating system, because they can employ it to evaluate the requirements for equipment maintenance or building upgrades. In the next steps, it is possible to track the doctors and the patients, (there are obvious security issues related to this that one must be aware of) for example, to check in which room they were or moved to and from. This would require a more precise triangulation in the system, unlike positioning medical apparatus and equipment, notably in emergency cases. Positioning systems are costly and should cover a large indoor space. Wi-Fi is usually installed in large building complexes before developing IPS. This is also the case at the hospital, where the managers show enthusiasm in regard to utilizing the technology as closely as possible [26].  
St. Olavs Hospital employs useful techniques and technologies in the field of IPS and most of them rely on the utilization of 2D floor plans, projected from 3D IFC (industry foundation classes) [29; 30] models. In this case, St. Olavs Hospital uses a database system to manage life cycle information from planning to FM that is built to handle complex openBIM models (Figure 3).