## 5 Conclusions  
This study provides an effective method for the rapid and accurate identification of geological hazards surrounding transmission line projects and other major engineering projects. Compared to traditional geological hazard identification methods, this approach enables the efficient detection of potential hazards over large areas, significantly saving time and labor. In this study, we employed a combination of InSAR technology and spatial statistical analysis to achieve early identification of geological hazards, providing guidance for the siting of transmission line projects. Specifically, we first used SBAS-InSAR technology to obtain surface deformation data along the transmission line routes in Weinan City and Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Subsequently, we introduced hotspot and kernel density analysis to evaluate the clustering characteristics of the deformation data, enabling more accurate identification of geological hazards along the transmission lines. The results indicate that the surface deformation rates along the transmission lines range from \(-35.80\) mm/y to \(13.65\) mm/y. While certain areas exhibit relatively large deformation rates, the majority fall within the range of \(-5\) mm/y to \(5\) mm/y. Based on the kernel density analysis of the deformation data, a total of \(52\) potential geological hazards were identified, primarily comprising landslides and land subsidence. Specifically, eight landslides and \(44\) land subsidence hazards were identified, accounting for \(15.4\%\) and \(84.6\%\) of the total hazards, respectively. Field investigation results indicate that the identified hazards exhibit high accuracy. There are obvious signs of damage at various disaster sites, among which the slope of landslide No. 9 is severely damaged and in a continuous deformation stage, with small-scale collapses, cracks, and sinkholes developed and low stability, posing challenges to the smooth construction of transmission towers \(5\)S\(29060\) and \(5\)S\(29061\). Additionally, at land subsidence site No. 29, distinct deformation features were observed, including two subsidence funnels. Proposed transmission towers \(5\)S\(27\)189G and \(5\)S\(27\)190G would be located between these funnels, where uneven surface subsidence on either side poses significant threats to the stability of the tower foundations. Therefore, it is necessary to relocate the transmission towers to the vicinity of low-stability hazard points to more stable locations to ensure the smooth operation of the transmission line project. Overall, the proposed method demonstrates strong applicability, offering technical guidance and theoretical support for the proper site selection, smooth operation, and disaster prevention and mitigation of engineering projects across various regions nationwide. Conceptualization, B.S., J.Q. and C.C. ; methodology, K.Z. and T.J.; software, Q.Y. and G.Y. ; validation, W.T., X.A. and C.C. ; formal analysis, B.S., X.A., G.Y. and C.C. ; investigation, G.Y. and Q.H. ; resources, B.S. ; data curation, B.S., J.Q. and Q.H. ; writing--original draft preparation, B.S., K.Z. and T.J.; writing--review and editing, B.S., K.Z. and C.C. ; visualization, W.T., Q.Y. and Q.H. ; supervision, B.S. ; project administration, B.S. ; funding acquisition, B.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Technology Project of Northeast Electric Power Design Institute CO., LTD. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, grant number 08N-2023 NEPDI-34. Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. Thanks go to the European Space Agency (ESA) for providing the Sentinel-1A data used in this study. Author [PERSON], [PERSON], W.T., [PERSON] and Q.H. were employed by the company Northeast Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group.