# Seismic Response Analysis of a Curved Bridge under Near-Fault and Far-Field Ground Motions
## 1 Introduction  
A number of investigations have indicated that near-fault earthquakes around the world have brought heavy losses to human life and property. Many earthquakes show that near-fault earthquakes have a great impact on the response of building structures, such as the Los Angeles Northridge earthquake in the USA in 1994, the Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake in Japan in 1995, and the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan in 1999, all of which caused great disasters and losses; consequently, near-fault earthquakes have attracted the attention of many scholars [1; 2; 3]. In many near-fault earthquakes, near-fault pulse (NP) ground motions have a significant velocity pulse and capacity for destruction, which result in the damage of building structures [4; 5; 6; 7]. To study the characteristics of near-fault earthquakes, researchers have artificially synthesized NP ground motions. For example, [PERSON] et al. [8] synthesized NP seismic waves from long-period pulse and high-frequency non-pulse components by using the moving average filtering method. The effectiveness of the method was verified using the wavelet method, and it was applied to the seismic response analysis of engineering structures. [PERSON] et al. [9] synthesized near-fault ground motions with local pulse characteristics by using the STransform method, which proved that the synthesized near-fault ground motions agree well with the parent ground motions and code for the seismic design of buildings in China. [PERSON] et al. [10] synthesized near-fault ground motions by using the hybrid Green's function, which can reflect the source, wave path, and local site, and verified the effectiveness of the method by comparing the empirical formulas with the recorded ground motions. [PERSON] et al. [11] used the continuous wavelet transform to extract the pulse component and generated the non-pulse component through the wavelet-based nonstationary model. Lastly, the discrete wavelet transform was used to reconstruct the two components to synthesize NP ground motions, which were compared with actual records to verify the accuracy of the method. Many researchers have used numerical analyses to study the seismic performance of bridges, analyzed the influence laws of near-fault and far-field (FF) ground motions, and achieved considerable research results. For instance, [PERSON] et al. (2019) analyzed a simply supported bridge with finite element software. The results showed that the bearing is more likely to be damaged in the excitation of NP ground motions, and the impact of NP ground motions on the bridge pier displacement is more significant than that of FF ground motions. [PERSON] et al. (2019) established a new composite tall pier bridge model by using midas Civil 2019 finite element software and found that the seismic performances of the new composite bridge for NP ground motion were significantly smaller than those of traditional bridges, indicating better seismic resilience. [PERSON] et al. (2019) established a reinforced arch bridge finite element model, discussed the seismic response characteristics for near-fault and FF ground motions, and determined that the response of the bridge structure was greater under NP ground motion. [PERSON] et al. (2019) conducted a numerical analysis on a super-span cable-stayed bridge and found that a near-fault earthquake was highly unfavorable to the structure, especially the high-frequency components of NP ground motion. [PERSON] et al. (2019) established an asymmetrical suspension bridge model and found that NP ground motion is considerably unfavorable to the structure. With the improvement of shaking table equipment and experimental technology, many scholars have carried out experimental research on the seismic performance of bridges under near-fault earthquakes. Specifically, [PERSON] et al. (2017) established a novel segmental single-span simply supported beam bridge model with a scale of 1:2.39 and analyzed the structural response characteristics under near-fault and FF ground motions.