# Exploring the Green Design of Hakka Cultural Creative Textiles for Sustainable Development
## 3 Methods
### Experimental Design  
The experiment included three independent variables, detailed as follows:  
1. Blue dye colours: natural indigo dye colours could be divided into 22 colour shades from light to dark [48], including 7 shades of light blue (B1 Aishira, B2 Kamenozoki, B3 Mizuasagi, B4 Mihanada, B5 Asahanada, B6 Usuasagi, B7 Usu-ai), 8 shades of medium blue (B8 Usu-hanada, B9 Hanaasagi, B10 Hanada-iro, B11 Nando-iro, B12 Noshime-hanairo, B13 Tsuku, B14 Ai-iro, B15 Aitetsu-iro) and 7 shades of dark blue (B16 Tetsukon, B17 Tsuki-kae, B18 Koiai, B19 Tetsu-iro, B20 Kongkikyou, B21 Shikon, B22 Kon). The 7 shades of blue (B1-B7) are very light (light blue) and some of them are close to white (such as B1 and B2), so the effect of stonewashing may not be obvious (see Figure 2). Among the 8 shades of medium blue (B8-B15) and 7 shades of dark blue (B16-B22), B8 still appears to be too light. Although B12, B13, B15, B17, B19, B20, B21 are named blue dyes, they don't look like blue to the naked eye. Therefore, only B9, B10, B11, B14, B16, B18, B22 were chosen, resulting in a total of 7 blue dye colours for the experiment (see Table 1).
2. Floral pattern size: the length-width ratio of the Tung Blossom floral pattern was set at 11:10 and evenly distributed on the VDT (Visual Display Terminal) screen. Four  
Figure 1: Diagram of the product design and development process based on a cultural creative product design model. (Source: [46; 47]).  
sizes, i.e., Large (L): 99.0 mm \(\times\) 90.0 mm; Medium (M): 66.0 mm \(\times\) 60.0 mm; Small (S): 49.5 mm \(\times\) 45.0 mm; and Extra small (XS): 39.6 mm \(\times\) 36.0 mm, were designed.  
3. Pattern types: one-dimensional repetitive pattern (1-D pattern) or two-dimensional repetitive pattern (2-D pattern).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Blue Dye Colours**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Colour Value *} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**CIE (x, y, Y) **} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Colour Ratio **} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **R** & **G** & **B** & **x** & **y** & **Y** & **R** & **G** & **B** \\ \hline B9 (Hanaaasagi) & 30 & 136 & 168 & 0.212 & 0.268 & 20.710 & 11.8 & 53.3 & 65.9 \\ B10 (Hanada-iro) & 0 & 134 & 173 & 0.204 & 0.255 & 20.066 & 0 & 52.5 & 67.8 \\ B11 (Nando-iro) & 0 & 136 & 153 & 0.215 & 0.294 & 19.907 & 0 & 53.3 & 60.0 \\ B14 (Ai-iro) & 16 & 87 & 121 & 0.204 & 0.239 & 8.306 & 6.3 & 34.1 & 47.5 \\ B16 (Tetsukon) & 0 & 49 & 73 & 0.197 & 0.229 & 2.677 & 0 & 19.2 & 28.6 \\ B18 (Koai) & 0 & 46 & 78 & 0.189 & 0.202 & 2.504 & 0 & 18.0 & 30.6 \\ B22 (Kon) & 0 & 26 & 67 & 0.173 & 0.143 & 1.144 & 0 & 10.2 & 26.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: RGB, CIE (x, y, Y) and colour ratio of 7 blue dye colours.  
Figure 2: RGB (Red-Green-Blue) and corresponding CIE (Commission internationale de l’eclairage) chromaticity coordinates—CIE (x, y) and Luminance (cd/m\({}^{2}\)) Y data of 22 shades of blue dye, including 7 shades of light blue (B1–B7), 8 shades of medium blue (B8–B15) and 7 shades of dark blue (B16–B22). CIE (x, y, Y) based on [PERSON] [49] “ColorHexa—Color encyclopedia: Information and conversion”: [[http://www.colorhexa.com/](http://www.colorhexa.com/)]([http://www.colorhexa.com/](http://www.colorhexa.com/)) (accessed on 7 August 2018).  
In summary, a total of 7 blue dye colours \(\times\) 4 floral pattern sizes \(\times\) 2 pattern types = 56 images were investigated in this study to test subject preferences.