###### Abstract  
The phenomenon of flash droughs, marked by their fast onset, limited predictability, and formidable capacity for devastation, has elicited escalating concern. Despite this growing interest, a comprehensive investigation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of flash drought events within zones of ecological sensitivity, alongside their consequential ecological ramifications, remains elusive. The Songnen Plain, distinguished as both an important granary for commodity crops and an ecological keystone within China, emerges as an indispensable locus for the inquiry into the dynamics of flash droughs and their repercessions on terrestrial biomass. Through the application of daily soil moisture raster datasets encompassing the years 2002 to 2022, this investigation delves into the spatiotemporal progression of two distinct categories of flash droughs--those instigated by heatwaves and those precipitated by water deficits--within the Songnen Plain. Moreover, the ecosystem's response, with a particular focus on gross primary productivity (GPP), to these climatic variables was investigated. Flash drought phenomena have been observed to manifest with a relative frequency of approximately one event every three years within the Songnen Plain, predominantly lasting for periods of 28-30 days. The incidence of both heatwave-induced and water deficit-induced flash droughs was found to be comparable, with a pronounced prevalence during the summer and autumn. Nevertheless, droughs caused by water scarcity demonstrated a more extensive distribution and a heightened frequency of occurrence, whereas those rooted in heatwaves were less frequent but exhibited a propensity for localization in specific sectors. The sensitivity of GPP to these meteorological anomalies was pronounced, with an average response rate surpassing 70%. This spatial distribution of the response rate revealed elevated values in the northwestern segment of the Songnen Plain and diminished values towards the southeastern sector. Intriguingly, GPP's reaction pace to the onset of heatwave-driven flash droughs was observed to be more rapid in comparison to that during periods of water scarcity. Additionally, the spatial distribution of water use efficiency during both the development and recovery periods of flash droughs largely deviated from that of base water use efficiency. The insights from this study hold profound implications for the advancement of regional drought surveillance and adaptive management. soil moisture; flash drought; spatiotemporal evolution; ecological impacts; Songnen Plain 16408 (2024) 1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-there has been a notable escalation in both the frequency and severity of droughs, yielding increasingly adverse repercussions upon societal, economic, and ecological spheres [4; 5]. Of late, a novel classification of drought phenomena--the emergent 'flash droughs'--has garnered escalating scholarly intrigue. These flash drought episodes, in stark contrast to their traditional counterparts, are characterized by a fast onset, diminished forecast ability, and heightened disruptive potential [6; 7]. Often manifesting in concert with sustained periods of deficient precipitation, heatwaves, robust winds, and intense solar radiation, these flash droughs precipitate a swift diminution in soil moisture levels, thereby inflicting profound detriments upon agriculture and natural ecosystems [8; 9]. As the specer of global warming looms, these flash droughs may well evolve into the prevalent paradigm of global aridity [3; 10; 11]. Consequently, there is an exigent imperative to delve into the spatiotemporal dynamics and underlying drivers of these flash droughs [12], particularly within regions that are ecologically fragile and climatically sensitive.