# Physical and Morphological Differences between Young Elite Taekwondo and Karate Players
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Taekwondo**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Karate**} & & \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **95\% CI** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **95\% CI** & \(p\) Value** & **Cohen’s \(d\)** \\ \hline Age (years) & 14.02 \(\pm\) 1.58 & 13.23–14.80 & 13.62 \(\pm\) 1.86 & 12.72–14.51 & 0.48 & 0.23 \\ APHV (years) & 13.85 \(\pm\) 0.56 & 13.57–14.13 & 13.77 \(\pm\) 0.81 & 13.38–14.16 & 0.74 & 0.11 \\ Maturity & 0.14 \(\pm\) 1.47 & \(-\)0.59–0.87 & \(-\)0.17 \(\pm\) 1.67 & \(-\)0.98–0.63 & 0.55 & 0.2 \\ Weight (Kg) & 57.52 \(\pm\) 13.70 & 50.70–64.33 & 50.41 \(\pm\) 9.25 & 45.95–54.87 & 0.07 & 0.61 \\ Height cm) & 164.77 \(\pm\) 10.85 & 159.38–170.17 & 159.94 \(\pm\) 9.90 & 155.17–164.71 & 0.17 & 0.47 \\ Sitting height (cm) & 84.81 \(\pm\) 5.80 & 81.93–87.70 & 84.33 \(\pm\) 7.44 & 80.75–87.92 & 0.83 & 0.07 \\ Arm span (cm) & 162.31 \(\pm\) 21.46 & 151.64–172.98 & 162.24 \(\pm\) 11.07 & 156.90–167.57 & 0.99 & 0 \\ \(\Sigma\) 6 skinfolds (mm) & 80.00 \(\pm\) 36.02 & 62.09–97.91 & 61.08 \(\pm\) 27.58 & 47.79–74.37 & **0.04** & 0.59 \\ \(\Sigma\) 8 skinfolds (mm) & 101.44 \(\pm\) 48.94 & 77.10–125.28 & 77.33 \(\pm\) 35.51 & 60.22–94.45 & 0.09 & 0.56 \\ FM percentage (\%) & 19.87 \(\pm\) 8.74 & 15.52–24.21 & 15.95 \(\pm\) 6.98 & 12.59–19.32 & 0.14 & 0.49 \\ MM percentage (\%) & 46.34 \(\pm\) 2.33 & 45.18–47.50 & 47.74 \(\pm\) 1.51 & 47.01–48.47 & **0.04** & 0.71 \\ Right hand grip (kg) & 21.74 \(\pm\) 10.94 & 16.30–27.18 & 26.22 \(\pm\) 10.89 & 20.80–31.63 & 0.23 & 0.41 \\ Left hand grip (kg) & 19.62 \(\pm\) 10.84 & 14.23–25.01 & 23.03 \(\pm\) 9.58 & 18.27–27.80 & 0.32 & 0.33 \\ CMJ (cm) & 28.80 \(\pm\) 7.28 & 24.60–33.00 & 31.55 \(\pm\) 7.04 & 28.16–34.94 & 0.28 & 0.38 \\ Medical calf skinfold (mm) & 14.15 \(\pm\) 6.53 & 10.91–17.40 & 10.61 \(\pm\) 5.13 & 8.13–13.08 & 0.07 & 0.6 \\ Head girth (cm) & 55.27 \(\pm\) 1.43 & 54.56–55.98 & 54.56 \(\pm\) 1.25 & 53.96–55.16 & 0.12 & 0.53 \\ Relaxed arm girth (cm) & 26.02 \(\pm\) 4.23 & 23.92–28.13 & 24.58 \(\pm\) 2.44 & 23.41–25.76 & 0.21 & 0.42 \\ Flexed and tensed arm girth (cm) & 28.59 \(\pm\) 4.41 & 26.40–30.79 & 26.47 \(\pm\) 2.58 & 25.23–27.71 & 0.08 & 0.59 \\ Corrected arm girth (cm) & 24.98 \(\pm\) 4.28 & 22.85–27.11 & 23.41 \(\pm\) 3.06 & 21.93–24.89 & 0.21 & 0.42 \\ Forearm girth (cm) & 24.02 \(\pm\) 2.48 & 22.79–25.26 & 23.43 \(\pm\) 1.93 & 22.50–24.35 & 0.42 & 0.27 \\ Wrist girth (cm) & 16.18 \(\pm\) 1.48 & 15.44–16.92 & 15.19 \(\pm\) 1.13 & 14.64–15.73 & **0.03** & 0.75 \\ Chest girth (cm) & 81.40 \(\pm\) 9.21 & 76.82–85.98 & 79.99 \(\pm\) 7.45 & 76.40–83.58 & 0.61 & 0.17 \\ Waist girth (cm) & 71.17 \(\pm\) 7.77 & 67.31–75.03 & 67.95 \(\pm\) 5.26 & 65.42–70.49 & 0.15 & 0.48 \\ Hip girth (cm) & 87.02 \(\pm\) 9.84 & 82.12–91.91 & 83.46 \(\pm\) 5.68 & 80.73–86.20 & 0.18 & 0.44 \\ Max thigh girth (cm) & 55.05 \(\pm\) 7.26 & 51.44–58.66 & 49.52 \(\pm\) 4.23 & 47.48–51.55 & **0.01** & 0.93 \\ Thigh girth (cm) & 47.56 \(\pm\) 6.87 & 44.15–50.98 & 45.82 \(\pm\) 3.38 & 44.19–47.44 & 0.33 & 0.32 \\ Medical calf girth (cm) & 34.02 \(\pm\) 3.37 & 32.35–35.70 & 33.83 \(\pm\) 6.19 & 30.85–36.82 & 0.91 & 0.04 \\ Corrected thigh girth (cm) & 29.58 \(\pm\) 2.99 & 28.09–31.06 & 30.50 \(\pm\) 5.69 & 27.76–33.25 & 0.54 & 0.2 \\ Ankle girth (cm) & 22.76 \(\pm\) 2.18 & 21.67–23.84 & 21.73 \(\pm\) 1.38 & 21.07–22.40 & 0.1 & 0.56 \\ Leg length (cm) & 79.96 \(\pm\) 6.35 & 76.80–83.11 & 75.61 \(\pm\) 5.99 & 72.72–78.49 & **0.04** & 0.71 \\ Anterior-posterior chest & 14.52 \(\pm\) 1.59 & 13.73–15.31 & 16.32 \(\pm\) 3.11 & 14.82–17.82 & **0.03** & 0.73 \\ breadth (cm) & 6.69 \(\pm\) 0.55 & 6.42–6.96 & 6.47 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 6.29–6.66 & 0.17 & 0.46 \\ Wrist breadth (cm) & 5.29 \(\pm\) 0.40 & 5.09–5.49 & 5.15 \(\pm\) 0.36 & 4.98–5.33 & 0.29 & 0.36 \\ Femur breadth (cm) & 9.83 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 9.48–10.18 & 9.26 \(\pm\) 0.45 & 9.04–9.48 & **0.01** &The comparison of anthropometric parameters, biological maturity, and the upper and lower body strength of female karate and taekwondo competitors is presented in Table 2. No significant differences were identified between disciplines except for maturity and head girth, observing significantly higher values and large effect sizes in taekwondo competitors (\(p<0.05\); \(d>1\)).