# Bioactive Compounds and Nanodelivery Perspectives for Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
## 1 Introduction  
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major disorders leading to death. It is mostly seen in both technologically advanced countries as well as in the evolving world, and it is accountable for high economic healthcare expenses [1]. Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, malnutrition, inadequate physical exercise, and obesity can all increase the risk of CVD. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition caused by atherosclerosis as a result of the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis is a result of cholesterol and fatty deposits (plaques) inside the arteries. Congestive heart failure, heart rhythm complications, congenital heart disease (heart disease that develops at birth), and endocarditis are just a few CV disorders [2, 3]. The worldwide CVD deaths escalated by 21% from 2007 to 2017 because of population growth and aging; most deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries [4]. The World Health Organization (WHO) expresses that by 2030, CVD would be the major reason for around 23.3 million deaths [5]. The progress of CVD is accelerated by certain threat elements (smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight). Fortunately, by adding prevention strategies, these can be avoided [6, 7]. A transition to a healthier diet is a major key factor in preventing CVD and thus a shift to an ailment-free time [8]. An unhealthy diet is indeed one of the primary causes of CVD death, with about 72% of all CVD deaths [9]. Recent epidemiological data show that plant-based intakes are proficient and effective against CVD and cancer [10]. The term \"plant-based diet\" refers to a broad range of eating habits that include fewer animal products (such as meat and dairy products) and much more plant-source foods [11]. According to the recent literature [12], there is no consensus to describe \"bioactive compound\". However, it is broadly acknowledged that these \"complexes have the proficiency and aptitude with one or more parts of active tissue by predicting most of the effects\" [13]. They provide a beneficial health-boosting impact and are being investigated for deferent pathologies prevention: cancer, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, etc. Lycopene, resveratrol, lignan, tannins, and indoles are only a few examples of bioactive compounds [14]. Bioactive compounds are grouped according to their biochemical configuration and functions. These compounds have been shown to have a protective nature against certain pathologies correlated with the immune system, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and they also can lower LDL cholesterol oxidation and control endothelial nitric oxide amalgamation; some of them have poor estrogenic properties [15]. These compounds might contribute significantly to minimizing the onset of age-related chronic illnesses and to control the glucose metabolic rate [16]. Abundant epidemiologic studies show that enhancing vegetable and fruit intake is linked to a reduction in the rate of CVD [17]. Considerable data indicate the protective mechanism of fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, whole grains, and seafood in the prevention and treatment of various cancer and heart diseases [18; 19]. The ocean's ecosystem accounts for half including all diversity in the world, rendering aquatic microbes a potential long-term reservoir of unique bioactive metabolites [20; 21]. These dietary oral nutrients, when combined along with a regular meal, will help people get more of the components that are thought to have therapeutic outcomes [22]. It is well known that tea and coffee, the most consumed drinks worldwide, have certain beneficial properties. The caffeine present in the coffee seed is a purine alkaloid, i.e., 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, with its latent properties, which are of some debated topics [23]. Meanwhile, components obtained from Allium sativum, also identified as garlic, is an herb belonging to the Alliaceae family that is frequently used as a seasoning in Southeast Asia and Europe.