## 3 Results
### Statistical Analysis
The EBF showed the highest value of 52.90 gC m\({}^{-2}\) and an outlier above the maximum values was observed, of 55.43 gC m\({}^{-2}\), in 2018. The PW had the lowest GPP values, of 0.6 gC m\({}^{-2}\). The amounts of total carbon absorbed in an area is related to the area extension and these were, on average, 176.63, 25.54, 11.46, 8.80, 1.17, 0.47, and 0.07 Tg C year\({}^{-1}\) for EBF, SV, GL, WSV, CL, DBF, and MF classes, respectively. The UBL and WB classes did not absorbed any carbon as these do not represent vegetation areas, and the PW class absorbed only 0.03 Tg C year\({}^{-1}\) (Figure 4a and Table S1). For the CO\({}_{2}\)Flux variable, the Dunn test and the boxplot showed a difference between EBF and CL, GL, UBL, PW and WB, and a similarity between forest classes DBF, MF and WSV, except for SV, with values of \(-\)3.09, \(-\)0.06, \(-\)0.26, \(-\)0.65 and 0.28 umol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\), respectively. DBF and MF classes were different from CL, UBL and WB. The WSV class was  
Figure 4: Boxplot of the median, 25% and 75% quartiles and outliers’ data for classes (in alphabetical order CL, DBF, EBF, MF, GL, PW, SV, UBL, WB and WSB) of the **(a)** GPP, **(b)** CO\({}_{2}\)Flux and **(c)** Rainfall variables and for years for **(d)** GPP, **(e)** CO\({}_{2}\)Flux and **(f)** Rainfall variables. Croplands (CL); Deciduous Broadleaf Forests (DBF); Evergreen Broadleaf Forests (EBF); Grasslands (GL); Mixed Forests (MF); Permanent Wetlands (PW); Savannas (SV); Urban and Built-up Lands (UBL); Water Bodies (WB) and Woody Savannas (WSV). different from CL, GL, SV, UBL, PW and WB, while SV was also different from WB. PW was different from WB but similar to UBL. The DBF, MF and SV classes oscillated between negative and positive values, while PW was positive, but also close to zero. Certainly, these values made DBF and MF more similar, as also occurred for SV and PW, as CO\({}_{2}\)Flux values increased from forest classes to more anthropic-use classes, following the order EBF, WSV, MF, DBF, SV, PW, GL, CL and UBL (Figure 4b and Table S1). In the Rainfall, the Dunn test specified that there was a difference between EBF and DBF, CL, GL, MF, SV, and PW, but not for UBL and WB, which had values above 1605 mm. In addition, the DBF, MF and SV classes was different from WB, and DBF was also different from WSV, because DBF, MF, SV, GL, and CL were the classes with the lowest precipitation, with values below 1533 mm. WSV, PW and UBL had averages between 1902 and 1929 mm, while EBF and WB were 2473 and 2234 mm (Figure 4b and Table S1). The Cluster analysis was carried out to improve the visualization of the groupings, which demonstrated that EBF was the most distant grouping amongst the land use and land cover types of the BLA, and that it was closest to DBF and WSV for those variables capable of measuring absorption and above ground carbon stock, finally being grouped according to the rainfall regime of these classes (Figure S6). The GL and CL classes were similar because, despite representing median GPP values of 25.71 and 21.44 gC m\({}^{-2}\), CO\({}_{2}\)Flux values were always positive at 2.83 and 3.50 umol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\), respectively. The UBL and WB groups represented the highest emissions through CO\({}_{2}\)Flux, of 5.76 and 15.92 umol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\), respectively, and no biomass production (GPP = 0), and PW merged with this group, mainly due to not producing biomass efficiently, with only 0.6 gC m\({}^{-2}\) over the years (Figures 4a,b and S3). The MF and SV classes were similar because they produced more biomass than the GL and CL groups, 31.53 and 31.32 gC m\({}^{-2}\), but oscillated between carbon absorption and emission, by CO\({}_{2}\)Flux, between 0.11 and \(-\)0.53, and 0.69 and \(-\)0.08 umol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\), respectively, as well as what is observed for DBF, with GPP only a little higher, at 34.68 gC m\({}^{-2}\).