# Photocatalytic Activity of TiNbC-Modified TiO2 during Hydrogen Evolution and CO2 Reduction  
[PERSON]  
1 Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia, [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.I.T. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (V.V.) [PERSON]  
2 Department of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (V.V.) [PERSON]  
4 Federal Research Center Boreskoy Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.A.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.Y.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.V.Z.) [PERSON]  
4 Federal Research Center Boreskoy Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.Y.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.V.Z.) [PERSON]  
4 Federal Research Center Boreskoy Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.Y.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.V.Z.) [PERSON]  
5 Kosygin Institute of Teotonics and Geophysics FEB RAS, Khabarovsk 68000, Russia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (V.V.) [PERSON]  
3 Institute of High Technology and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.Y.K.) [PERSON]  
6 Kosygin Institute of Teotonics and Geophysics FEB RAS, Khabarovsk 68000, Russia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.Y.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.A.); vsv.mipt@gmail. interfacial charge transfers/reactions are a sequence of key events that occur in any photocatalytic system. Improving the efficiency of any of these events would ultimately increase the overall performance of the photocatalytic reaction or lead to efficient utilization of solar energy. Therefore, a great deal of research has been devoted to preparing photocatalytic materials with a broader spectrum of sunlight absorption; multiple active centers on the surface of the photocatalytic material; and effective charge separation capability in the volume and on the surface of the photocatalytic material, using various strategies and designs to maximize the use of solar energy. Traditional semiconductor photocatalysts, including TiO\({}_{2}\), g-C\({}_{3}\)N\({}_{4}\), and CdS, usually have drawbacks such as the inability to absorb visible and near-infrared light, solar illumination, and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers [6]. Heteroatomic doping using co-catalysts and the designs of heterostructures are accepted as possible strategies to overcome the drawbacks associated with traditional single-photocatalyst materials. Co-catalyst materials, which have many traps for photogenerated charge carriers and have excellent electrical conductivities, lead to efficient charge separations in combination with photocatalytic materials. In addition, the presences of co-catalysts on the surfaces of semiconductor photocatalysts reduce activation energy, which contributes to the acceleration of reactions. There are a number of requirements for confident photocatalytic reactions, such as the presence of abundant surface functional groups to form sufficient chemical bonds with the photocatalyst--a necessary condition for the effective extraction of charge carriers from a photocatalyst to thereby slow down the recombination kinetics in the photocatalyst; good electrical conductivity of a photocatalyst favors easy charge migration in its volume, which promotes efficient photocatalytic reactions; the presence of hydrophilic surface functional groups contribute to their interactions with water, which lead to good photocatalytic efficiencies; and good chemical stabilities and/or the need for non-aqueous media. In addition, the size and shape of the co-catalyst intend to demonstrate its influence on the photocatalytic reaction spectra. A new class of two-dimensional materials, known as Mxenes, meets all these requirements. MXenes typically include atomic layers of transition metals as their upper and lower layers; these metal sites can give a strong redox potential.