## 1 Introduction  
The built environment is responsible for about 39% of global carbon dioxide emissions [1, 2]. According to the worldwide status report in 2017, published by the UN Environment and the International Energy Agency, 28% of carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the energy required for cooling, heating and lighting buildings. In contrast, 11% of the remaining carbon dioxide emissions are linked to the operation of construction material production. Concrete is one of the most commonly used construction materials, with an estimated annual use rate of 1.4 m\({}^{3}\) per person [3]. Cement material production only is responsible for around 7% of worldwide carbon dioxide emissions [4, 5, 6, 7]. In Australia, concrete accounts for more than half of construction material. Approximately 30 million tonnes of building materials are produced yearly to meet the demands of population growth and economic progress. Due to the ozone depletion and global warming challenge, the building industry has recently become more conscious of the importance of using environmentally sustainable construction materials. Immense interest in sustainable construction materials has recently arisen. It aligns with the pioneering vision of the World Green Building Council's (WorldGBC) approach to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Geopolymer concrete is synthesised by the chemical reaction of by-product compounds, including fly ash, slag, metakaolin, high calcium wood ash and rice husk ash, with an alkaline solution, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na\({}_{2}\)SiO\({}_{3}\)) [8]. Geopolymer concrete as a replacement for cementitious concrete has been the focus of many researchers in the last few decades. It mainly returns to the low negative environmental impact, as carbon dioxide emissions are 80% less than normal concrete [9; 10; 11], along with recycling by-products waste materials, such as fly ash and slag, which cause serious harm to the environment if not stored properly. For example, 12 million tons of fly ash are produced yearly in Australia by coal-fired power plants, which constitute 18% of the total waste stream in Australia. Several studies concluded that geopolymer concrete has excellent mechanical properties, including high compressive strength and adequate flexural strength [12; 13], high chemical resistance [14; 15], and excellent bond strength with steel reinforcement [16; 17]. Moreover, fly ash/slag-based geopolymer concrete (FSGC) has excellent resistance to the freeze-thaw cycle, comparable to normal concrete [18]. In addition, geopolymer concrete has better chemical stability, which culminates in its performance with better mechanical characteristics and durability during intense heat than its counterparts [19]. Despite many advantages of geopolymer concrete, its utilisation in the construction industry is minimal, mainly because of two obstacles that hinder its usage beyond the structural precast elements. Geopolymer concrete must be cured at a temperature range of 60-85 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 24 h to achieve a comparable compressive strength to conventional concrete [20; 21; 22]. In addition, alkali-activator solutions must be prepared before the day of casting, and they have a high corrosive property that necessitates special handling and storage techniques [23; 24; 25; 26]. Recently, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2021) [13] developed a self-compacted geopolymer concrete (SCGC) cured at ambient temperature with compressive strength of 40 MPa and tensile strength of 3 MPa. The binders used to synthesise the geopolymer concrete were a fly ash/slag ratio equal to 60/40, micro fly ash (5%), anhydrous sodium metasilicate solid powder as the alkali-activator and water/solid content ratio equal to 0.45. This newly developed SCGC eliminates the need for high corrosive alkali activator solutions for production and elevated temperatures for curing.