# Analysis of the Impact of Small Group Behavior on Cruise Ship Emergency Evacuation
## 4 Cruise Ship Evacuation Simulation Model Construction
### Determination of Evacuation Speed  
In the evacuation process of cruise ships, the passenger characteristics significantly impact the movement speed of each functional area. Among these characteristics, age and gender are particularly influential factors. In this paper, different movement speed is set based on the passenger characteristics of each functional area, and the age range of general passengers is from 20 to 65 years old, and for special passengers, the range is under 20 years or over 65 years old. Among them, the cruise lines are summarized based on the 2016-2018 Global Cruise Crew Consumer Survey Report (see Figure 3) compiled by the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) and the characteristics of cruise cabin crew members surveyed by [PERSON] [38]. The age composition characteristics of the total crew and each functional area are shown in Table 3, and the ratio of male to female cruise crew members is approximately 1:1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline
**Lower Deck** & **Upper Deck** & **Deck Connecting Stairs** & **Width/m** & **Height/m** \\ \hline Deck 1 & Deck 2 & Stairs 1/Stairs 5 & 1.0 & 3.0 \\ Deck 1 & Deck 2 & Stairs 2/Stairs 6 & 1.35 & 3.0 \\ Deck 1 & Deck 2 & Stairs 3/Stairs 7 & 1.35 & 3.0 \\ Deck 1 & Deck 2 & Stairs 4/Stairs 8 & 1.35 & 3.0 \\ Deck 2 & Deck 3 & Stairs 6/Stairs 9 & 1.35 & 3.0 \\ Deck 2 & Deck 3 & Stairs 7/Stairs 10 & 1.2 & 3.0 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Connections between each deck. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline
**Passenger Initial Distribution** & **Number of People** \\ \hline Level 1-Bar & 104 \\ Level 1-Storage area & 243 \\ Level 1-Shopping area & 52 \\ Level 1-General area & 163 \\ Level 2-Bar & 98 \\ Level 2-General area & 157 \\ Level 2-Restaurant area & 271 \\ Level 3-Seating area & 132 \\ Level1-Assembly Station A & 150 \\ Level1-Assembly Station B & 71 \\ Level1-Assembly Station C & 66 \\ Level2-Assembly Station D & 210 \\ Total number of evacuees & 1717 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Initial personnel distribution by functional area. Using the composition characteristics of passengers in each functional area summarized in Table 3, combined with the classification of passenger types and walking speeds in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) \"Guide\", the evacuation speed of passengers in each functional area is determined. Taking the bar area as an example, the age of general passengers in the bar is divided into three categories: 20-30 years old, 30-50 years old, and 50-65 years old. Based on the proportion of occupants in each age group presented in Figure 3, we obtained the occupancy ratio for different classes. \[\mathrm{P(B_{20-30})}=\mathrm{P(B)\frac{P_{20-30}}{P_{20-65}}} \tag{12}\]  
where \(\mathrm{P(B_{20-30})}\) is the proportion of passengers aged 20-30 years old in the bar area, \(\mathrm{P(B)}\) is the total proportion of general passengers in the bar area, and \(\mathrm{P_{20-30},P_{20-65}}\) are the proportions of occupants in the two age groups in the CLIA statistics. Based on Equation (13), the calculation was obtained \(\mathrm{P(B_{20-30})}=0.13\). Table 3 shows the proportion of passengers of different age groups in each functional area. According to the evacuation speed range of age group and gender passengers stipulated by IMO in the \"Guidelines\", this paper sets the average evacuation speed of passengers of different gender and age groups, and the specific parameters are shown in Table 4.  
The simulation program can estimate the evacuation speed of passengers in each functional area based on the proportion of passengers in each age group summarized in Table 3 and the evacuation speed of passengers in each age group shown in Table 4.