## 6 Simulation Results and Analysis
### Simulation Scenario and Parameter Settings  
The topology of the simulation system designed for this study is shown in Figure 4. The simulation system consists of 50 transmitting nodes representing spacecraft probe loads and 50 receiving nodes representing simulated ground terminal devices. After collecting various types of data and encapsulating and processing the data accordingly, the payloads divide the data packets into real-time data packets and non-real-time data packets. Then, the payloads send them to the communication satellite, respectively, entering the time-sensitive and non-time-sensitive service queues. Afterwards, corresponding to different service type queues, different frame generation algorithms are applied to complete the data transmission between communication satellites. Ultimately, based on the business type, the satellite transmits the data to multiple ground terminal devices for further analysis and processing. In order to simulate the complex space links and various services in the AOS, the communication satellite nodes transmit typical acquisition data and communication information collected by aerospace payloads to the receiving terminal nodes. The simulation focuses on the frame generation module in the system. Based on the random data generated by the ON/OFF source model, the link is simulated as the link type of the communication satellite. At the same time, AIFG in the AOS for differentiated QoS requirements is deployed on the transmitting communication satellite to perform data transmission between two satellite nodes. Figure 4: Topology diagram. To evaluate the performance of the proposed AIFG algorithm, a simulation environment was configured to emulate the data transmission scenario of Advanced Orbiting Systems. The specific simulation parameters settings are shown in Table 1, and they are summarized as follows. The simulation runs for 50 s, during which 100 real-time data streams and 110 non-real-time data streams are simultaneously transmitted. Real-time data include delay-sensitive services, such as voice or telemetry data, while non-real-time data include observation and video information. The bottleneck link bandwidth is set to 1 Mbps to model constrained access segments, while the satellite link bandwidth is configured as 6 Mbps, simulating higher-capacity backbone transmission. The simulation operates in discrete time steps, with each time slot spanning 50 ms, during which the agent observes system states and decides frame generation thresholds. The maximum MPDU size for all framing algorithms (RTFG, IFG, HEFG) is unified at 1500 bytes, corresponding to a standard Ethernet MTU, ensuring consistency across different service types. In the simulation case, to demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed algorithm in terms of network multiplexing efficiency, average queue delay, and throughput, the proposed algorithm is compared with the following four algorithms:  
* AFG + HEFG: The adaptive frame generation (AFG) algorithm is used for time-sensitive service queues, and the high-efficiency frame generation (HEFG) algorithm is used for non-time-sensitive service queues. Because of the requirements of AOS transmission frames, the frame generation length for the HEFG algorithm is fixed at 1500 bytes. * IFG + HEFG: For delay-sensitive business queues, the isochronous frame generation (IFG) algorithm is applied. For non-delay-sensitive business queues, the HEFG algorithm is used. The frame generation length for HEFG is also fixed at 1500 bytes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Simulation Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline Simulation Time & 50 s \\ Real-time Data Traffic & 100 streams \\ Non-real-time Data Traffic & 110 streams \\ Bottleneck Link Bandwidth & 1 Mbps \\ Satellite Link Bandwidth & 6 Mbps \\ Time Slot Size & 50 ms \\ Maximum MPDU Size in RTFG/IFG/HEFG & 1500 bytes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Simulation parameters.