# Creating Smart Cities: A Review for Holistic Approach
## 5 Analysis and Findings
Interdisciplinary studies are becoming more common as the non-technical concerns of smart cities that are management oriented are more recently being considered in other diverse domains such as Architecture, Urban Planning, Transportation and Geography. Hence, we conducted a further analysis using keywords and themes to gain more data insights as shown in Tables 2 and 3. We provide more coverage of the themes and keywords-based search results in the Appendix A to serve as an illustration of our data analysis for publications under the IT domain. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c c c|} \hline
**Words/Themes** & **Count N** & **Weighted \%\textgreater{}1\%** & **Group** \\ \hline smart, smartness & 2177 & 6.45 & IT \\ internet & 776 & 2.30 & IT \\ thing, things & 708 & 2.10 & IT \\ network, networked, networking, networks & 665 & 1.97 & IT \\ cities & 651 & 1.93 & IT \\ system, systems & 563 & 1.67 & IT \\ computation, computational, computationally, & 505 & 1.50 & IT \\ computer, computers, computing & 2639 & 6.85 & Eng. \\ smart, smartness & 2639 & 2.17 & Eng. \\ cities, cities’ & 837 & 2.17 & Eng. \\ network, networked, networking, networks & 636 & 1.65 & Eng. \\ system, systemic, systems & 636 & 1.65 & Eng. \\ energies, energy & 594 & 1.54 & Eng. \\ internet, ‘Internet & 581 & 1.51 & Eng. \\ urban, urbanism, urbanization & 564 & 1.46 & Eng. \\ thing, things, things’ & 583 & 1.38 & Eng. \\ sustainability, sustainability, sustainable & 423 & 1.1 & Eng. \\ sensor, sensorized, sensors & 420 & 1.09 & Eng. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: IT and engineering themes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c c c|} \hline
**Words/Themes** & **Count N** & **Weighted \%** & **Group** \\ \hline smart, smartness & 1993 & 9.05 & Mgmt. \\ cities, cities’ & 750 & 3.41 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\)urban, urbanism, urbanization & 697 & 3.16 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) sustainability, sustainability, sustainable & 442 & 2.01 & Mgmt. \\ governance, government, governments’ & 301 & 1.37 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) Technological, technologically, & 249 & 1.13 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) system, systemic, systems & 235 & 1.07 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) developers, developing, development & 197 & 0.89 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) planned, planning plans & 196 & 0.89 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) internet, internet & 183 & 0.83 & Mgmt. \\ management, manager, managing & 183 & 0.83 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) network, networked, networking, networks & 176 & 0.80 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) innovation, innovations, innovativeness & 163 & 0.74 & Mgmt. \\ public, publication, publicness, public & 156 & 0.71 & Mgmt. \\ informal, informality, information, & 148 & 0.67 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) digital, digitalization, digitization & 137 & 0.62 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) mobile, mobilities, mobility, mobilization & 135 & 0.61 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) communication, communications, & 129 & 0.59 & Mgmt. \\ communicative, communities, community & 128 & 0.58 & Mgmt. \\ social, sociality & 119 & 0.54 & Mgmt. \\ policies, policy & 118 & 0.54 & Mgmt. \\ service, services, services’ & 118 & 0.54 & Mgmt. \\ learning & 116 & 0.53 & Mgmt. \\ citizen, citizens, citizens’, citizens’ & 108 & 0.49 & Mgmt. \\ intelligence, intelligences, intelligent & 102 & 0.46 & Mgmt. \\ \({}^{*}\) computation, computational, computer, & 87 & 0.40 & Mgmt. \\ participation & 72 & 0.33 & Mgmt. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Management themes. The number of multi-disciplinary themes and their significance in Table 3 implies IT and engineering domains dominate the studies on smart cities. This is also evident from only 0.17% weight for keywords related to studies focusing on people (human, humans etc.,) that is at the bottom of the list. This also raises the concern that the focus of the studies within the management domain is skewed and the researchers' interest in creating value for people is uncertain. This leads to the following questions: To what extent the studies in management have prioritised the measurements of improving the wellbeing of the people over promoting the technologies to the people?