# A Novel Hybrid Harris Hawk-Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks
## 1 Introduction
### Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm  
The AOA is a recently designed mathematics-inspired metaheuristic optimization technique that draws inspiration from the distribution behavioral nature of arithmetic functions from the mathematics proposed by [PERSON] et al. (2018). It uses basic arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as the primary operator to explore the desired objective function and the optimal solution. AOA is also a population-based optimization technique, a set of solutions, called individuals, are generated randomly and evaluated based on their fitness concerning the considered problem. The best-fit individuals are chosen and subjected to various mathematical operations to generate new individuals based on the desired objective values in both phases. These new individuals are then evaluated for their fitness and the process is repeated until the desired optimization level is reached ([PERSON] et al., 2018). A key advantage of AOA is that it can prevent getting stuck in local minima, a common issue many optimization algorithms face. AOA achieves this by employing a mechanism called elitism, which ensures that the best solutions in the population are always preserved \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Technique** & **Application** & **Improvements** & **Performance Metrics** & **Comparing Techniques** & **Results** \\ \hline
[30] & RLHHO & Complex engineering problems & Enhancement of the exploration and exploitation & 23 standard functions and 30 CEC 2014 test problems & WHO, ABC, GOA, SSA, ALO, BLPSO, PPPSO, SADE, JDE, HHO-DE, DHHO/M & Good stability and prediction accuracy than other algorithms \\ \hline
[38] & HHO-JOS & Engineering design problems & Balancing of the exploration and exploitation phase & 30 functions of CEC 2014 29 functions of CEC 2017 & HHO, HHO-DO, HHO-SO & Good search space identification, better ability to escape from local optima \\ \hline
[31] & Binary HHO, Quadratic Binary BHO & Engineering problems & Binary variables with the feature selection improves phase transition & 22 benchmark datasets & BDE, BFPA, BMVO, BBSA, GA & High classification accuracy with improved feature selection \\ \hline
[32] & multi-objective & Real-world problems & New discrete operators for enhancing the hunting technique & 13 benchmark datasets and COVID-19 patient datasets & GWO, ABC, GSA, TLOB, BOA & Higher prediction accuracy up to 11.5\% with 83.8\% better feature selection \\ \hline
[33] & MHHO & Real-world problems & Reconfigured switching techniques for each phases & 9 \(\times\) 9 photovoltaic array & Excellent photovoltaic array reconfiguration with 12.5\% on energy saving \\ \hline
[34] & Long-Term Memory HHO & Complex engineering problems & Enhances the diversity of search agents until search termination & 10 benchmark functions and Optimal power flow problem & HHO, PSO, ABC, FA, EHO, TEO, BSDE, GOA,GWO & Up to 68\% superior performance increase, minimized fuel cost, power loss and emission \\ \hline
[35] & HHO & Large-scale wireless sensor network & None & WSN nodes & EC, PSO, FPA, GWO, SCA, MVO, WOA & Improved network topology for for sink node placement \\ \hline
[36] & Hybrid HH-SS & Wireless sensor networks & A novel fitness function to control the balance between phases & WSN nodes & EAD, EASER, SEAR & Enhanced the packet delivery of 98\% with 0.1 s delay \\ \hline
[37] & HHO & Controller tuning & None & DC motor control & HHO, GWO, SFS, IWO, & Improved steady-state error, rise time, overshoot, and settling time. \\ \hline
[39] & MOHHO, HMOHHO & Multi-objective Controller tuning & Hybrid strategies to promote global searching capability & 7 test functions and hydraulic turbine governing system & NSGA-III, MOPSO, MOGWO & Better performance during varying load operating conditions \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of different modifications in the HHO technique.