# Visual Perception of Peripheral Screen Elements: The Impact of Text and Background Colors
## 1 Introduction
He examined the readability of websites used for learning, testing three fonts: Verdana, Times New Roman, and Courier New, along with various background and text color combinations. Black or blue text on a white background was the most legible color combination, with contrast playing a key role in web design. High color contrast between the text and background significantly improves text readability. [PERSON] designed the fonts Verdana and Georgia for Microsoft in 1996. These fonts were specifically created for on-screen display and internet use. At the time, they were among the few fonts reliable for web applications [8]. Proper use of typography, color, and animation in the peripheral screen area can draw the subject's attention to that part, improving its functionality. The perception of objects, visual acuity, resolution, and color vision decrease as one moves from the fixation point toward the peripheral space or away from the fixation point [9]. To help users find information in the peripheral area, moving elements are designed to ensure excellent peripheral readability [10]. [PERSON] et al. [11], in their research at the Ohio State University, showed that participants experienced stronger emotions with moving typography compared to static text. Unlike static text, moving typography can evoke more emotions while also improving visual form, meaning, and communication. This approach makes reading a message a richer and more memorable experience. The speed of reading is most affected by overly small letters [12] and the brightness contrast between the text and background color [12; 13]. In their work, [PERSON] et al. [14] showed that elevated luminance contrast ratios are associated with a reduction in visual fatigue and are preferred by users. [PERSON] et al. [15] concluded that combining achromatic text with a chromatic background was the most effective way to improve the readability of promotional text. [PERSON] et al. [16] demonstrated a strong connection between background color and memory capacity in their study. Their measurements confirmed that chromatic colors improve visibility and retention more than black and white. They tested red, blue, and white colors, using black letters on a red background and black letters on a blue background. The results showed that a red background enhances short-term memory and attention more than blue or white colors. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17] investigated the role of color in the visual field during object search in a scene. They used eye-tracking technology to study color's impact on central and peripheral vision in object search and recognition. Their findings show that color in the peripheral area helps locate objects more easily, making it simpler to identify an object's position compared to grayscale. Participants' gaze lingers longer on areas with color. Additionally, the time needed to search for objects increases as the amount of color in the scene decreases. Similar conclusions were reached in a study by [PERSON] [18], which found that a user interface with a monochromatic color scheme has lower usability than multi-colored interfaces. What sets our work apart is its integrated focus on peripheral perception under dynamic and cognitively demanding conditions. Unlike previous studies that have primarily examined static stimuli or central attention tasks in isolation, our experimental design combines the detection of moving text in the peripheral visual field with varying text-background color contrasts, all while participants are engaged in a concurrent, attention-demanding central task. This combination of variables allows us to explore an under-examined aspect of user experience that is increasingly relevant for modern graphical user interfaces.