# Adaptive Thermal-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Network
## 1 Introduction  
Internet-of-Things (IoT) is the network of interrelated physical objects embedded with electronic, software devices and wearable sensors that efficiently collect and exchange data with each other over the network [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. The emerging IoT technology plays a consequential role in various walks of life e.g., business, transport, education, etc., as well as healthcare system by providing health's facilities to the patient at low cost on his doorstep [7]. These IoT devices are harnessed to connect the patients and doctors around the world through Internet [8]. In many cases, health is one of the most important challenges and, therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) constitutions emphasize for most people to attain health facilities. In the current era, excessive rise of various chronic and acute diseases has put the life of many people at an immense danger, which has consequently caused many to maintain good health. A large number of doctors, nurses and allied staff constantly monitor the health of a patient [9]. Patients with chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, heart stock, high blood pressure, etc.) are required to be monitored on a regular basis. It is a requisite to monitor the vital signs of patients suffering from these diseases on a daily basis, which results in expenditure of huge amount of money. Due to the increase in the number of patients, more hospitals, doctors and greater amount of time is required to deal with them [9]. Moreover, to attain medical procedures, physical presence of patients in the hospitals is also important, which might affect the activities of daily life. As the health factor is of concern, many healthcare organizations (e.g., WHO [10]) emphasize on the use of IT technology (i.e., Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) [11], Telemedicine [10]). WHO reported that chronic diseases like cardiovascular and heart diseases will be one of the main causes of deaths all over the world by the year 2030 [11]. An analysis shows that the current health-care providing services to patients are insufficient and appropriate even in urban areas of many countries. Moreover, patients with multiple health problems are rapidly increasing the cost of the health-care system [10]. Health-care organizations (HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability), WHO, Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH)) [10; 12; 13] make use of advanced information technology techniques and communication gadgets to efficiently deal with the complex medical issues by maintaining low costs. It is possible to utilize the latest technology for early identification and precaution of potential diseases that have a high probability to infect the patients, e.g., Telemedicine and E-health, etc. [10; 14; 15; 16; 17]. Telemonitoring [15] plays a significant role in early remote monitoring, disease detection, preventions and knowledge-based feedback from medical professionals [17; 18]. Electronic prescription, Short Message Alerts (SMS) and emails are a part of patient monitoring systems that result in reliability and it diminishes the hurdles for patients to visit medical centers and recede the expenditure cost for hospitals or medical centers [19]. Nowadays, prevention of in-hospital morbidity and mortality is potentially a matter of prime interest [20]. The studies revealed that on-time diagnosis and treatment of severe diseases lessen the amount of patients at Intensive Care Units (ICUs) [21]. Contemplating all associated advantages, Telemonitoring is deemed as a paramount area of research because it renders the advanced technology to turn raw data into valuable information. It is recounted that an ideal Telemonitoring system must be capable of the (1) collection of correct medical data through bio-medical sensors, (2) conclusion and analysis on available physiological (vital sign) data (3) decision of appropriate actions with physician advice on the basis of composed information.