## 5 Conclusions  
1. In order to evaluate the geo-environment suitability for urban construction in Rongcheng district of Xiong'an New Area, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) integrated GIS overlay analysis was used, based on the construction of a comprehensive evaluation frame. Moreover, two criteria, consisting of geological conditions and resource conditions, were taken into consideration for suitability evaluation, including four subcriteria, i.e., engineering geological status, environmental geological status, hydrogeological status, and resource guarantee status, which involved 15 indicators. Regrettably, the evaluation did not include the compressibility indicator of foundation soils due to a lack of data. When evaluating the suitability of the geo-environment for urban construction in other areas with the AHP method, more indicators of foundation soils could be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the analytic hierarchy process has certain advantages compared to other methods, such as the artificial neural network method and grey comprehensive evaluation method. It not only provides a quantitative mathematical calculation, but also incorporates the comparative judgment of geological experts regarding the importance of different geological indicators. 2. The evaluation results showed that the geo-environment suitability for urban construction in most areas was in high and very high grades, of which, the very high zone covered an area of about 98 km\({}^{2}\), and the high zone was nearly 182 km\({}^{2}\). The average of the moderate grade was approximately 5.5 km\({}^{2}\), and the low grade was close to 28.5 km\({}^{2}\). The most suitable areas for urban construction, with an acreage percentage of 31.2%, were mainly located in the central parts of the study area. In the meantime, the least suitable areas, with an acreage percentage of 9.1%, were situated in the southeast corner and three linear belts. 3. It is crucial to emphasize that faults, land subsidence rate, and potential liquefied sands are the primary factors that influence decision-making regarding future construction activities. When urban construction takes place in areas close to faults, buildings should maintain a certain distance from them, and these areas should be designated as green spaces. In regions experiencing a land subsidence rate of more than 30 mm/a, it is advisable to reduce groundwater extraction and lower the height of planned buildings. Additionally, engineering protection measures should be implemented in areas with potential liquefied sands. By addressing these issues, the study area can reduce infrastructure construction costs, and minimize the risk of geological disasters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Grade** & **Acreage** & **Percentage** & **Main Affecting Factors** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Very high} & \multirow{3}{*}{98} & \multirow{3}{*}{31.2\%} & Geothermal resource \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Enrichment of deep groundwater \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Characteristic value of bearing capacity of foundation soil \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{High} & \multirow{3}{*}{182} & \multirow{3}{*}{58\%} & Characteristic value of bearing capacity of foundation soil \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Quality of groundwater chemistry \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Moderate} & \multirow{3}{*}{5.5} & \multirow{3}{*}{1.7\%} & Ground fissures \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Chemical corrosion of concrete by groundwater \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Chemical corrosion of steel by groundwater \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Quality of soil chemistry \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Low} & \multirow{3}{*}{28.5} & \multirow{3}{*}{9.1\%} & Geological faults \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Land subsidence rate \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Potential liquefied sands \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The evaluation results for geo-environment suitability for urban construction in Rongcheng. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization and methodology, H.L. ; validation, B.H. ; investigation, H.L. and B.H. ; writing--original draft preparation, H.L. ; writing--review and editing, H.L.