# Study on Electromagnetic Radiation Interference Caused by Rocket Fuel
## 1 Introduction  
On 30 May 2020, SpaceX successfully launched the Falcon 9 Rocket \"Crew Dragon\" from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, and two NASA astronauts were sent into space, which is the first time in human history that a commercial company completed a named spaceflight mission. A very important step during the launch process is the first-stage rocket recovery process, as shown in Figure 1. The task of first-stage rocket recovery was carried out at sea. During the live broadcast, it was noticed that the broadcast was interrupted for a few seconds when the rocket approached the recovery ship and was about to land. In fact, most live broadcasts of first-stage rocket recoveries are temporarily interrupted during rocket landings at sea. While a dedicated video cable is used to transmit video signals during rocket recoveries on land, video signals are transmitted to broadcast rooms using satellite communications during rocket recoveries at sea. When a rocket approaches a recovery ship at sea, the rocket fuel burns to produce intense electromagnetic radiation, which causes electromagnetic interference with wireless communication so that live broadcast signal interruption always occurs during the process of first-stage rocket recovery at sea. Energetic material combustion can produce electromagnetic radiation that is enough to cause the malfunction of electronic equipment in spacecraft [1, 2]. Affecting the live video signal is not enough to have a large adverse effect, but the heat generated by violent combustion can cause the plasma state around the spacecraft to change so that the electromagnetic radiation generated by deflagration can adversely affect electronic equipment in spacecraft, especially communication equipment [3, 4]. In 1954, [PERSON] first discovered the phenomenon in which electric pulses appeared during the explosion of energetic materials [5]. In the following decades, related studies on electromagnetic radiation produced by explosions of energetic materials were carried outone after another. However, due to the high cost, difficulty and reproducibility of experiments, the progress of related studies has been slow. In 1982, [PERSON] used broadband low-frequency, narrowband VHF and ultrahigh frequency sensitive sensors to measure the electromagnetic radiation generated by fuel deflagration [6; 7]. The experimental results proved that the fireball and air impact areas around fuel deflagration contained a large radial electric field. The frequency of the electromagnetic signal observed in the experiment was mainly concentrated at 57 MHz, and the average electric field was 10\({}^{5}\) V/m. In 1990, [PERSON] studied the physical mechanism of an electromagnetic field generated by the deflagration of condensed fuel [8]. [PERSON] suggested that at the initial moment of metal deformation and failure, potential energy, in both gaseous and solid state, flowed out from cracks, then electrokines and potential energy friction resulted in the electrical polarity of the gaseous and solid shells being opposite, and the space charge of the gas and solid potential energy formed effective dipoles because of the asymmetrical scattering of the potential energy. The viewpoint that the mechanism of generating radio-radiation through deflagration is related to the acceleration or deceleration of certain electron genes in the ionized air layer at the front of a shock wave is called the \"Boronin Effect\" [9]. In 2011, [PERSON] used pole antennas and real-time spectrometers to measure the electromagnetic radiation caused by the deflagration of aerospace explosives. [PERSON] found that the electromagnetic radiation generated by the deflagration of shaped fuel had multi-pulses and broadband characteristics, an electronic pulse duration of approximately tens of microseconds, and a frequency distributed below megahertz.