# Movement Compensated Driver's Respiratory Rate Extraction
## 5 Conclusions  
Accurate driver vital signal monitoring during driver movements is a very useful technology for the prevention of major driving accidents caused by respiratory abnormalities. For limited driving situations in an experimental environment, we acquired driver vital signals using a highly portable FMCW radar, which can be packaged in small sizes. Because the accuracy of driver vital signal detection and respiration rate estimation varies greatly depending on the driver's movement, a distorted signal compensation index based on motion quantification is newly introduced for more accurate respiration rate estimation in movement situations. Using the experimental results, we proved that the driver's respiration signal distorted by movement can be accurately compensated using the proposed signal compensation method. The results showed that the respiration rate estimated by the proposed method had improved accuracy compared to that of conventional methods. The proposed signal compensation method is useful for monitoring vital signs in all fields where movement exists during monitoring. The limitation of this work is that it has been performed offline. To make it be performed in real time, radar needs to be installed in a vehicle, and all the signal processing modules also need to be embedded in the radar sensor module. More experiments and sensitive analysis of the threshold values in real road under driving situations remain for future works for rigorous demonstration. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Driving** \\ **Situation** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Subject \#**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Respiration Rate Error**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **Before Compensation** & **After Compensation** & \(p\)**-Value(ANOVA)** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Left Turn} & 1 & 2.778 \(\,\pm\,\)5.201 & 0.374 \(\,\pm\,\)0.489 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0003} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 2 & 1.415 \(\,\pm\,\)1.542 & 1.077 \(\,\pm\,\)1.292 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0003} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 3 & 1.210 \(\,\pm\,\)1.588 & 1.091 \(\,\pm\,\)1.380 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0003} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Mean value \(\pm\) SD & 1.801 \(\,\pm\,\)2.777 & 0.847 \(\,\pm\,\)0.987 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0106} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1 & 2.097 \(\,\pm\,\)1.686 & 1.369 \(\,\pm\,\)1.282 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0016} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 2 & 1.234 \(\,\pm\,\)1.767 & 0.936 \(\,\pm\,\)1.492 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0106} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 3 & 2.134 \(\,\pm\,\)2.095 & 1.488 \(\,\pm\,\)1.267 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.00372} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Mean value \(\pm\) SD & 1.822 \(\,\pm\,\)1.849 & 1.264 \(\,\pm\,\)1.347 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0075} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1 & 1.541 \(\,\pm\,\)2.645 & 1.062 \(\,\pm\,\)1.338 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0075} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 2 & 1.888 \(\,\pm\,\)1.933 & 1.526 \(\,\pm\,\)1.698 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.00372} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 3 & 3.654 \(\,\pm\,\)2.921 & 2.961 \(\,\pm\,\)2.026 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.00372} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Mean value \(\pm\) SD & 2.361 \(\,\pm\,\)2.500 & 1.850 \(\,\pm\,\)1.687 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0075} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1 & 1.260 \(\,\pm\,\)1.940 & 0.546 \(\,\pm\,\)0.753 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0075} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 2 & 1.426 \(\,\pm\,\)2.468 & 1.185 \(\,\pm\,\)1.935 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0075} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 3 & 1.240 \(\,\pm\,\)1.947 & 0.694 \(\,\pm\,\)0.843 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0075} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Mean value \(\pm\) SD & 1.309 \(\,\pm\,\)2.118 & 0.808 \(\,\pm\,\)1.177 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0022} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 1 & 2.536 \(\,\pm\,\)2.118 & 1.012 \(\,\pm\,\)1.047 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0022} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 2 & 0.884 \(\,\pm\,\)1.849 & 0.485 \(\,\pm\,\)0.779 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0022} \\ \cline{2-5}  & 3 & 0.587 \(\,\pm\,\)0.973 & 0.522 \(\,\pm\,\)0.657 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0022} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Mean value \(\pm\) SD & 1.336 \(\,\pm\,\)1.647 & 0.673 \(\,\pm\,\)0.828 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.0022} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Respiratory rate accuracy analysis according to each driving situation. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Y.-K.Y. ; Data curation, Y.-K.Y. ; Formal analysis, Y.-K.Y.