# Energy Consumption Analysis of ISO/IEC 29192-2 Standard Lightweight Ciphers
## 7 Conclusions  
Information security will become more important as the IoT ecosystem advances in the immediate future. Most of the time, communication protocols could be used to offer security. At the IoT application level, however, encryption is required to assure data transmission safety. Conventional encryption algorithms cannot be employed in IoT devices with low processing and memory capacity for various reasons. Even if they are used, they can cause performance issues. As a result, lightweight encryption algorithms have been developed that are better suited for deployment on IoT secure applications. The energy consumption of three lightweight encryption algorithms suggested in the ISO/IEC 29192-2:2019 document was investigated in real-time throughout this research. The results of the study are similar to the measurements made on other block cipher algorithms that are not included in the standard list in different studies in the literature [39; 40]. However, there is no comparison on ISO standards in the literature on this subject. The implementation of ISO standards in the IoT domain is essential to guarantee secure and reliable data exchange among interconnected devices. They provide a common framework for interoperability, enabling seamless integration of products from different manufacturers. Additionally, ISO standards help IoT solutions meet regulatory requirements and improve market acceptance by ensuring consistent quality and performance. In this context, the algorithms accepted in ISO standards were compared in this study. As a result of the study, it has been observed that lightweight encryption algorithms such as PRESENT and CLEFIA, which are included in the ISO standards, do not perform as expected when compared to AES, especially in terms of energy consumption and security. Although these algorithms are optimized for use in resource-constrained environments, they lag behind AES in terms of runtime and energy efficiency. However, this does not mean that AES is better for IoT applications since AES is not designed for IoT systems. This may necessitate a re-evaluation of these algorithms, especially for applications in IoT and embedded systems. Therefore, it is recommended that the authorities reconsider whether the ISO standards meet the requirements in this area and make these standards more efficient with possible updates. Given that CLEFIA and PRESENT consume significantly more power and require longer processing times compared to LEA, the LEA algorithm stands out as a particularly advantageous choice for industrial IoT applications. Its consistently lower energy consumption and faster execution times compared to other ISO/IEC 29192-2 algorithms make it well-suited for applications where power efficiency and real-time processing are essential. In environments such as remote monitoring systems and sensor-driven automation, where devices often operate on limited battery resources, LEA's performance characteristics can significantly extend operational lifespan and reduce maintenance frequency. These practical benefits reinforce its viability as a preferred encryption solution in energy-constrained industrial IoT ecosystems. On the other hand, the future of lightweight cryptography, particularly within the scope of ISO/IEC 29192-2, appears promising as industries increasingly adopt IoT, embedded systems, and edge computing. As connected devices continue to grow in number and complexity, the demand for efficient, secure, and low-power cryptographic solutions becomes more critical. In terms of hardware development, microcontroller manufacturers and chip designers are expected to integrate hardware-accelerated encryption modules for PRESENT, CLEFIA, and LEA. Future IoT processors and embedded systems may feature specialized cryptographic units optimized for these lightweight algorithms, ensuring minimal power consumption while maintaining robust security levels. From an industry perspective, lightweight cryptography will play a crucial role across various domains.