## 1 Introduction
Another study utilized DEM simulations to show that during rockfalls, the energy absorption of embankments depends on their geometric designs, such as crest thickness and slope inclinations, rather than material stiffness. It suggests thicker crests for efficient space use and comparable energy dissipation [12]. Ref. [13] found horizontal reinforcement more effective than vertical reinforcement in reducing deformation and preventing failures in soil embankments, offering guidance for optimizing rockfall protection designs. Ref. [14] evaluated the performance of a rockfall ditch in the prevention of rockfalls by three-dimensional rockfall analysis. Three-dimensional digital surface models of the study area were created by researchers using drones. Three-dimensional rockfall analyses were performed using RocPro3D (version 6.2) [15] three-dimensional rockfall analysis software. The paths, jump heights, and energies of the blocks in motion were determined. According to the 3D rockfall analysis, some parts of the rockfall ditch constructed at the upper elevations of the study area are insufficient to prevent rockfalls. Ref. [16] examined the rockfall hazard by two-dimensional rockfall analyses. In the rockfall analysis, the run-out distance, jump height, kinetic energy, and velocities of the blocks were determined. The results obtained from the rockfall analysis were used to map the areas of possible rockfall hazard zones. It was seen that due to the topographic, atmospheric, and lithological features of the study area, the precautions in the literature are insufficient. For this reason, the researchers suggested that the residents should be evacuated from the danger zones first and then the hanging blocks should be cleaned in reachable locations by taking safety precautions. Ref. [17] investigated the rockfall hazard around Afyon Castle (Turkey) by two-dimensional rockfall analysis. Fall distance, bounce height, kinetic energy of rocks, and velocity profile were simulated. They suggested installing a protective fence in the study area against the danger of rockfall. Ref. [18] obtained maps of the study area (Kilis in Turkey) using geographical information system techniques and remote sensing data to monitor possible rockfall risks. They overlapped the maps using geographical information systems and obtained a rockfall risk map. Ref. [19] assessed the rockfall hazard near Ankara Castle (Turkey) in order to propose appropriate solutions. Then, they presented precautions based on the analysis results and assessed the risk based on a rockfall hazard rating system. Two-dimensional rockfall analyses were performed to assess the danger area around the Citadel. Sincethere was a residential area nearby, they did not consider it possible to build ditches without disturbing the environment. Moreover, it was seen that rock bolt assembly was also impractical for the case. The researchers suggested catch barriers to protect settlements from rockfall events. Various scenarios were simulated to investigate the effectiveness of catch barriers in the event of a rockfall. In the worst-case scenario, they saw that catch barriers protected settlements from damage in the event of a rockfall. Ref. [20] investigated the geological characteristics of a study area in Zonguldak, Turkey. Laboratory and field studies were applied. Rockfall analyses were applied using computer software at the same time. They have stated that the capacity of the barrier is the amount of energy required to break the barrier by the falling rock. As a result of the analyses, it was decided to use a barrier of optimum distance and height to protect the road from rockfall. Ref. [5] aimed to examine the measures taken to mitigate rockfall hazards in the Sumela Monastery complex. The study involved several stages, including field studies, probabilistic rockfall analysis, finite element simulations, and cleaning and controlled removal of risky rock blocks.