# Converging Telco-Grade Solutions 5G and beyond to Support Production in Industry 4.0
## 4 5G Functions and Features to Support the Information Flow within Industry 4.0
### Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)  
SCADA systems were designed to allow operators to track the machines in operation with an effective notification control room and delegate individuals. SCADA is responsible for coordination between substations and control rooms, organizing, and monitoring actions. It can automatically control all sorts of industrial processes. It is a real-time process that communicates directly via HMI and PLC with industrial automation plants to capture and collect all the event log data. The characteristics of various industrial automation types regarding SCADA systems are shown in Table 5 along with their 5G communication requirements. The numerous categories of active and intelligent packaging systems in the industrial automation field are constantly evolving in response to the increasing challenges of modern society. This type of automation plays a major role in manufacturing, and the related requirements are the most strict ones [133; 134; 135; 136]. Machine Tools 4.0 has had a huge effect since the industrial revolution in productivity in the manufacturing sector, and in most cases, it has very similar characteristics to the ones of packaging [137; 138; 139]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline
**Automation Type** & **Cycle Time (CT)** & **Data Rate** & **Payload** & **Jitter** & **Number of Nodes** & **Node Mobility** & **Refs.** \\ \hline Packaging Machine & \(\sim\)1 ms & \(\sim\)1 Mbps & 40 B & \(\sim\)1 \(\mu\)s & \(\sim\)50 & \(\sim\)20 ms & [133; 134; 135; 136] \\ \hline Machine Tool & \(\sim\)0.5 ms & \(\sim\)1 Mbps & 50 B & \(\sim\)1 \(\mu\)s & \(\sim\)20 & \(\sim\)20 ms & [137; 138; 139] \\ \hline Printing Machine & \(\sim\)2 ms & \(\sim\)1 Mbps & 20 B & \(\sim\)1 \(\mu\)s & \(\sim\)100 & \(\sim\)20 ms & [140; 141; 142] \\ \hline Controllers communication & 4–10 ms & 5–10 Mbps & \(\sim\)1 KB & \(\sim\)1 \(\mu\)s & 5–10 & - & [143; 144; 145; 146] \\ \hline Closed-loop supply chains & 10–100 ms & - & few Bytes & 1–10 ms & 10–1000 & low & [147; 148; 149] \\ \hline Process monitoring & 50 ms & - & - & - & \(\sim\)10,000 & low & [150; 151; 152; 153] \\ \hline Plant Asset & 50 ms & - & - & - & \(\sim\)10,000 & low & [154; 155; 156] \\ \hline Precise co-operation & 1 ms & \(\sim\)10 Mbps & 40–250 B & \(\sim\)50\% of CT & \(\sim\)100 & \(\sim\)50 kmph & [157; 158] \\ \hline Machine Control & 1–10 ms & \(\sim\)10 Mbps & 40–250 B & \(\sim\)50\% of CT & \(\sim\)100 & \(\sim\)50 kmph & [159; 160; 161] \\ \hline Co-operative Driving & 10–50 ms & \(\sim\)10 Mbps & 40–250 B & \(\sim\)50\% of CT & \(\sim\)100 & \(\sim\)50 kmph & [162; 163] \\ \hline Video over remote control & 10–100 ms & \(\sim\)10 Mbps & 15–150 B & \(\sim\)50\% of CT & \(\sim\)100 & \(\sim\)50 kmph & [164; 165] \\ \hline Traffic management & 40–500 ms & \(\sim\)10 Mbps & 40–250 B & \(\sim\)50\% of CT & \(\sim\)100 & \(\sim\)50 kmph & [166; 167; 168] \\ \hline Safety Panels & 4–8 ms & \(\sim\)5 Mbits/s & 40–250 B & 4 ms & 4–8 & medium & [169; 170] \\ \hline Augmented Reality & \(\sim\)10 ms & - & 20–50 Mbits & - & vary & low & [171; 172; 173; 174] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Communication requirements in industrial automation. Additive manufacturing technology has been highly oriented in recent years with its strong capability in the manufacture of complex geometry and great suitability for personalized product manufacture. Researchers have recognized the main role of additive manufacturing in leading next-generation manufacturing, and extensive research has been conducted on various aspects, including product design, process growth, material modeling and many others [140, 141, 142], not to mention machine learning-based solutions [175]. Regarding the communication requirements, this type of automation shares the same characteristics as the aforementioned ones.