## 1 Introduction  
While electric vehicles (EVs) are being promoted as the mode of transportation of the future, the conventional model of battery-powered EVs faces numerous challenges which impact both the environment and the energy ecosystem. Specifically, the substantial size and weight of batteries needed for long-distance travel pose significant environmental risks. The batteries, due to their capacity, contribute to considerable CO\({}_{2}\) emissions during manufacturing, involve the use of non-renewable resources such as lithium, and generate a large quantity of hazardous waste when they reach the end of their life cycle. Furthermore, the weight of the batteries, sometimes constituting up to half of an EV's total mass, reduces the vehicle's energy efficiency. Therefore, the ability to reduce battery size and weight would result in a significant positive impact on the EV industry and market. Another critical issue is the slow charging process of EVs compared to refueling traditional combustion engine vehicles. The expectation for quick refueling is not being met by current fast-charging technology, which still has a long way to go. Additionally, the existing infrastructure for charging stations is considerably behind that of gasoline stations, making long-distance travel with EVs impractical. Moreover, EV charging, and in particular high-power fast-charging, demands a large amount of electrical power [1]. This surge in demand can strain the electrical grids of densely populated areas, potentially rendering EV charging unfeasible as the population of EVs grows. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology offers a more user-friendly approach to charging electric vehicles (EVs), i.e., charging in convenient locations, such as designated parking spots [2]. Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) technology presents a further revolutionary step by allowing EVs to charge while in motion, which could dramatically reduce the need for large and heavy on-board batteries. This innovation carries the potential to achieve an essentially unlimited driving range, with the vehicle's battery primarily serving to support brief diversions from equipped roads. The adoption of DWPT could lead to a leap in energy efficiency for EVs, both in terms of operational energy use and the environmental impact of battery production. With smaller batteries, DWPT systems significantly cut down on CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [3], reduce the generation of hazardous waste at the end of the battery's life [4], and save energy given the reduced weight of the EV [5]. The efficiency of energy transfer between the road and the EV is a significant issue. The EV-road infrastructure requirements dictate distances on the order of tens of centimeters between the transmitting and receiving coils (see an example in [6]). Therefore, WPT's reliance on electromagnetic coupling, which sees a dramatic reduction in energy transfer efficiency with distance, presents technical hurdles. While WPT can somewhat mitigate this using retractable receiver coils during stationary charging, such a solution is not feasible for DWPT during driving due to vehicle clearance regulations. The dynamic interaction between the road-embedded transmitting coils and the receiver coils attached to the moving vehicle's chassis in DWPT systems also requires careful consideration, given the variable coupling efficiency as the vehicle moves. Most important technology-related questions may be summarized under the umbrella of energy transfer efficiency. It is therefore a worldwide endeavor to achieve the highest efficiency possible. Figure 1 schematically illustrates the commonly used coil configuration for DWPT. More coil layout configurations with their cons and pros are reviewed in the full thesis manuscript presented in [7]. While several studies show that circular transmitter and receiver coils may exhibit a higher efficiency than rectangular coils [8], in this work we focus on the bipolar rectangular coil transmitter coil layout, which is already in use in DWPT pilot projects worldwide [9].