###### Abstract  
Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is an important trend for future commutation networks. The Communication Base Station (CBS) can be used as a Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-SAR). By using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images obtained at a different time, GB-SAR will have the ability to detect millimeter-level ground deformations with Interferometric SAR (InSAR) processing through a phase difference operation. In this paper, we investigated the observation and performance for millimeter-level ground deformation detection based on the CBS with Differential InSAR (D-InSAR) for the first time. Building on the characteristics of short temporal sampling intervals, an in-depth investigation was conducted into the process of detecting deformations using the CBS. A practical experimental scenario was established, and the high coherence between adjacent images resulting from short temporal sampling intervals was leveraged to enhance the phase Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) through time series Differential Interferometric Phase sample averaging. On this basis, the first experimental result is given, which indicates that CBS can accurately capture millimeter-level deformations with a maximum error of 0.3437 mm. The experimental results confirm the feasibility and accuracy of employing CBSs as GB-SAR systems for monitoring ground deformations. a Article  
10 March 202  
into three categories: communication-centric waveform design, sensing-centric waveform design, and joint waveform optimization and design, as detailed in [8]. Several novel waveform design methods have been developed to enhance the performance of both sensing and communication [9; 10; 11; 12], addressing the limitations of existing approaches. In addition to investigating ISAC methodologies, the exploration of ISAC application scenarios constitutes a significant aspect of research. Within the domain of autonomous driving, ISAC is capable of perceiving the surrounding environment and the movement parameters of other vehicles while facilitating communication with system devices. This integration provides substantial data support and precise control directives for autonomous driving, thereby markedly enhancing safety [13; 14]. In the context of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), ISAC can enhance both communication and cooperative sensing capabilities within the UAV network. An individual UAV can detect changes in the surrounding environment to optimize its flight path while coordinating with other UAVs [15; 16; 17; 18]. In remote sensing applications, ISAC is characterized by higher frequency bands and a more resilient infrastructure. High-frequency electromagnetic waves empower the ISAC system with enhanced superior spatial resolution. This robust infrastructure facilitates intricate observations of target areas across a broader spectrum of scenarios. Furthermore, during the observation process, ISAC can incorporate Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) signal processing techniques to obtain multi-dimensional SAR imagery of the target area [19; 20; 21]. Therefore, ISAC can significantly enhance sensing and communication capabilities, broaden application scenarios, and catalyze a paradigm shift in the evolution of these fields [22]. In the aforementioned discussion, the significant enhancement of communication and sensing performance by ISAC has been underscored, with waveform design methods recognized as the prevailing research direction that provides crucial support for system optimization. However, the challenges faced in waveform design, such as limited efficiency, high complexity, and insufficient adaptability, must be taken into account [8]. Therefore, a novel approach is proposed, leveraging TDM to realize ISAC, thereby enhancing the system's flexibility and scalability to better meet the demands of various application scenarios. During its operational process, the Communication Base Station (CBS) may experience underutilization of time resources due to various factors.