## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methodology
#### 2.2.1 Delimitation of Study Areas  
Both the Tecnologico de Monterrey and Stanford campuses are encompassed by metropolitan areas. As a consequence, they are subject to social, environmental, economic, and political decisions and factors that go well beyond their immediate surroundings. In addition, both universities are important educational institutions in their cities, attracting a broad variety of students, professors, and personnel from different parts of their metropolitan areas. Conscious of the metropolitan impact on both campuses, the current research project was based on the analysis, from a general perspective, of how each metropolitan area performs in terms of demographics, mobility, GHG emissions, economy, and dwellings. By doing so, it is possible to comprehend and provide a brief characterization of each study area, which is crucial to understanding what happens on smaller scales.  
Distrito Tec is an urban regeneration initiative that started in 2012 by the Tecnologico de Monterrey [21] in collaboration with citizens, authorities, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The delimitation of the district polygon was performed by the stakeholders involved and was based on areas that have a direct urban socio-spatial relationship with the university campus (see Figure 5). As a result, the polygon has an area of 4.52 km\({}^{2}\) with 26,371 inhabitants, 24 neighborhoods, and 11,206 households [21].  
In contrast with Distrito Tec, there is not a formally defined district for Stanford beyond the university's campus grounds. Hence, the current research project defined a polygon called \"Stanford District\" that includes some of the surrounding areas of the university campus (see Figure 6). As mentioned before, there are two cities located around Stanford: Palo Alto and Menlo Park. From each city, a given number of neighborhoods were selected to form Stanford District, based on their urban socio-spatial relationship to the campus. As a result, 7 constituent neighborhoods were selected from Menlo Park and 10 from Palo Alto. Stanford District has an area of 56.54 km\({}^{2}\) with 113,378 inhabitants (2010), 17 constituent neighborhoods, and 46,686 households [30].  
Even though both districts, Distrito Tec and Stanford District, are significantly different in size (see Table 1), the comparison was considered valid because they are comparable as local areas based on their relative scales within their respective metropolitan areas (see Figures 7 and 8).  
Figure 4: Population by block in Stanford District, San Francisco Bay Area.  
Figure 5: Delimitation of the Distrito Tec area within Monterrey, Mexico. Tec campus, parks, main roads, rivers, and urban blocks are also shown.  
Figure 6: Delimitation of the Stanford District area within the San Francisco Bay Area, CA, USA. Stanford campus, parks, main roads, water bodies, and urban blocks are also shown.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Characteristic** & **Distrito Tec** & **Stanford District** \\ \hline Neighborhoods & 24 & 17 \\ Households & 11,206 & 46,686 \\ Area & 4.52 km\({}^{2}\) & 56.54 km\({}^{2}\) \\ Population & 26,371 & 113,378 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Essential characteristics of the two study areas.