## 1 Introduction  
Fire is a natural agent present in most terrestrial biomes, contributing to the dispersion, evolution, and diversity of species, especially in biomes with intermediate primary productivity such as savannas [1, 2]. The regions with high primary productivity, such as tropical forests, present a low natural fire occurrence because of their high humidity. However, agricultural use has altered tropical forests, where the fire is one of the main types of land management [3]. Although the localized fire use in pastures and agriculture spreads over large areas during years of severe drought [4]. Moreover, fire in savanna areas generally does not obey the natural fire regime, occurring mainly at the end of dry periods, when there is a higher probability of high-severity fires [5]. Fires cause changes in surface albedo, nutrient cycling, energy exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere, ecological processes, and climate [6, 7, 8, 9]. The albedo change from the burning is due to the ash's vegetation cover, which directly influences the surface energy balance. Although albedo changes are short-lived, changes in plant cover can also cause albedo changes in the medium term, both in the increase of surface albedo in forest areas or the decrease in savannas, given the floristic differences [10, 11]. Fire intensifies the air and soil heat fluxes, increasing the surface temperature immediately after the fire. The temperature directly correlates with the fire severity, biomass converted to ash and exposed soil area [12]. Another critical parameter of vegetation dynamic is gross primary productivity (GPP), one of the main components in the carbon biogeochemical cycle. It represents carbon exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere [13]. The fire effects on GPP are related to the loss of vegetation biomass, and each biome's restoration rate [14]. Large-scale changes in GPP by burning impact carbon flux and, consequently, on the global climate [13; 15; 16]. Finally, the fires modify the structure, composition, distribution, and diversity of terrestrial biomes [17; 18], influencing the regeneration rates and phenological patterns. Studies of fire effects on environmental parameters mainly follow two approaches: (a) analysis of net productivity and radiation balance from ground measurements immediately after the occurrence of fire [6] or by flux towers that provide a nearly continuous dataset over a long-term experiment [10; 11]; and (b) quantification of biophysical changes from remote sensing time series [12; 19; 20]. Site-specific studies, with field or flux towers measurements, provide the primary data for analysis of vegetative processes. However, the point extrapolation for regional analysis is difficult, given its spatial and temporal restriction [13]. On the other hand, remote sensing data accuracy is related to its various resolutions, as temporal and spatial, critical to the continuous monitoring of the same area for several analyzes of post-fire dynamics [21; 22; 23; 24]. Despite the diversity of studies, few sought to compare the mid-term fire influence between forest-savanna, such as in the Amazon and Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna), and remote sensing products as alternatives to areas where no flux towers are available. This study aims to examine the post-fire impact in Amazon and Cerrado environments from remote sensing time series considering the following attributes: albedo, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), GPP, and surface temperature; and how these parameters behave over 15 years. The trend analysis of the time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) considered the period 2001-2016 in the Amazon (Ji-Parana river basin) and Cerrado (Cantao State Park and Araguaia National Park). Therefore, this research evaluates consistent changes in vegetation in the medium term and the response of phytophysiognones at different fire frequencies.