## 3 Results
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **KAM1** & **KAM2** & **HAM1** & **HAM2** & **FO** & **HKA** & **HKS** & **NSA** & **FMA** \\ \hline
**FO** & **0.686 **\(\mathbf{\ast}\)****** & **0.706 **\(\mathbf{\ast}\)****** & 0.270 & 0.253 & 1.000 & **–0.512 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & 0.457 & **–0.895 *** & \(-\)0.345 \\
**HKA** & **–0.676 **\(\mathbf{\ast}\)****** & \(-\)0.480 & \(-\)0.376 & \(-\)0.070 & **–0.512 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & 1.000 & \(-\)0.384 & **0.532 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & **0.594 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** \\
**HKS** & **0.407 **\(\mathbf{\ast}\)****** & 0.345 & 0.201 & 0.157 & 0.457 & \(-\)0.384 & 1.000 & \(-\)0.386 & **–0.780 *** \\
**NSA** & **-0.626 **\(\mathbf{\ast}\)****** & **–0.535 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & \(-\)0.205 & \(-\)0.198 & **-0.895 *** & **0.532 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & \(-\)0.386 & 1.000 & 0.285 \\
**FMA** & \(-\)0.477 & \(-\)0.353 & \(-\)0.445 & \(-\)0.227 & \(-\)0.345 & **0.594 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & **–0.780 *** & 0.285 & 1.000 \\
**FFA** & \(-\)0.273 & \(-\)0.085 & \(-\)0.205 & \(-\)0.090 & \(-\)0.077 & 0.424 & 0.347 & 0.191 & \(-\)0.029 \\
**Knee\_Flex** & \(-\)0.019 & 0.047 & \(-\)0.354 & \(-\)0.407 & 0.001 & \(-\)0.265 & 0.250 & 0.016 & \(-\)0.182 \\
**Knee\_Ext** & \(-\)0.081 & \(-\)0.043 & \(-\)0.396 & -0.558 \(\mathbf{\ast}\) & 0.073 & \(-\)0.301 & 0.164 & \(-\)0.093 & \(-\)0.164 \\
**Knee\_RoM** & 0.095 & 0.121 & 0.137 & 0.307 & \(-\)0.104 & 0.110 & 0.072 & 0.156 & 0.013 \\
**LTD** & 0.264 & 0.243 & \(-\)0.007 & \(-\)0.219 & 0.200 & \(-\)0.335 & 0.131 & 0.049 & \(-\)0.248 \\
**Hip\_Add1** & 0.060 & 0.044 & **0.761 *** & **0.687 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & \(-\)0.095 & \(-\)0.072 & 0.050 & 0.112 & \(-\)0.087 \\
**Hip\_Add2** & 0.163 & 0.180 & **0.759 *** & **0.732 *** & 0.051 & \(-\)0.095 & 0.085 & \(-\)0.056 & \(-\)0.085 \\
**Hip\_Flex** & 0.105 & 0.106 & \(-\)0.355 & \(-\)0.446 & 0.251 & \(-\)**0.601 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & 0.178 & \(-\)0.329 & \(-\)0.266 \\
**Hip\_Ext** & 0.175 & 0.139 & \(-\)0.287 & \(-\)0.408 & 0.424 & \(-\)**0.492 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & 0.166 & \(-\)**0.493 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & \(-\)0.242 \\
**Hip\_RoM** & \(-\)0.172 & \(-\)0.113 & 0.086 & 0.186 & \(-\)0.421 & 0.156 & \(-\)0.080 & 0.451 & 0.109 \\
**Pelvic\_Drop** & **-0.621 *** & \(-\)0.461 **\(\mathbf{\ast}\)****** & **-0.425 \(\mathbf{\ast}\)** & \(-\)0.425 & \(-\)0.164 & \(-\)0.406 & \(-\)0.095 & 0.181 & 0.062 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}   
Significant correlations are highlighted in bold: \(\mathbf{\ast}\)\(\mathbf{\geqslant}\) 0.05, \(\mathbf{\ast}\)\(\mathbf{\geqslant}\) 0.01, ***\(\mathbf{\geqslant}\) 0.001. Abbreviations: maximum external adduction moment for knee and hip in the first half of the stance phase (KAM1, HAM1) and the second half of the stance phase (KAM2, HAM2); PO—femoral offset; HKA—hip–knee angle; HKS—hip–knee–shaft angle; NSA—neck–shaft angle; FPA—mean foot progression angle (external rotation as negative); Knee_Flex —maximum knee extension (extension as negative); Knee_Rad—knee range of motion in the sagittal plane; LTD—maximum lateral trunk displacement in the frontal plane (toward the stance limb as negative); maximum hip adduction during first (Hip_Add2) halves of the stance phase (addduction as positive); Hip_Flex —maximum hip flexion (flexion as positive); Hip_Ext—maximum hip extension (extension as negative); Hip_Flex —maximum hip extension (extension  
The correlations between the clinical leg parameters, the kinematics, and the external joint adduction moments for the involved and non-involved legs are also shown in Tables 4 and 5. For the involved side, the parameters FO, HKA, and NSA showed a significant correlation with KAM1, whereas only the FO and the NSA showed a correlation with KAM2. The FMA and the HKA showed a trend toward a significant correlation with KAM1 and KAM2, respectively (\(p<0.053\)). For the non-involved leg, the HKS and the FMA showed significant correlations with KAM1. The FMA also showed a significant correlation with KAM2 of the non-involved leg.