###### Abstract
Conducting experiments (e.g., shaking table tests and centrifuge tests) is another effective way [23; 24], in which the tunnel model can be manufactured with more local details such as the bolts, gaskets, longitudinal and circumferential joints. [PERSON] et al. [25] carried out shaking table tests to identify the consecutive damage of the tunnel linings, and the test phenomena were compared with those observed in field exploration. [PERSON] et al. [26] examined the dynamic properties of two shallow-buried tunnels. From their findings, there are great differences in the responses of displacement and acceleration of the two different tunnels. Additionally, the numerical method has also gained wide adoption because of its advantages of cost-effectiveness, and flexible behavior in modeling the refined or simplified structures [27; 28; 29]. As the shield tunnel is a prefabricated structure consisting of numerous segments connected by joints, its mechanical behavior is highly different from those constructed with in-situ casting. There are many available publications about the weakened effect of the joint under static action [30; 31; 32], while that under seismic action is in need of further study. For this purpose, [PERSON] et al. [33] established a 3D finite element model (FEM) to analyze the dynamic characteristics of different types of bolt joints in shield tunnels. [PERSON] et al. [34] studied the strength degradation, hysteresis behavior, energy dissipation, and the failure modes of the joints between prefabricated segments and cast-in-site structures under conditions of several earthquake excitations. [PERSON] et al. [35] checked the distribution features of the joint opening on the basis of a FEM under multidirectional input waves to grasp the impact of seismic loading. [PERSON] et al. [36] obtained the contact pressure, opening, and offset of the joint in a shield tunnel subjected to seismic loading so that the waterproof behavior of the joint can be considered under such conditions. Overall, the research mentioned above has made great contributions to the comprehensive understanding of the seismic response of the segmental joint. However, the existing studies only cover the conventional bolt joints, while there are few reports on the seismic performance of the newly developed joints with a more complicated structural system, such as the anchor joint, FRP-Key joint, and CT joint [37; 38; 39]. These new joints have the characteristics of great strength, high precision, and quick connection [40], which will be the main trend of shield tunneling. Therefore, it is critical to conduct seismic response analysis of these new types of joints. Nevertheless, there are great challenges to directly reflecting the complex geometric features of the new joints during the dynamic numerical simulation, which may lead to too much increase in degrees of freedom to obtain computational convergence. On the other hand, neglecting the local details of the new joints may result in an unexpected negative influence on the final seismic response. Consequently, it is essential to propose more advanced methods for the seismic analysis of the new joints so that a good balance can be reached between the reliability and implementation difficulty. This paper aims at investigating the seismic response of the anchor joint in shield tunnels considering soil-structure interaction. An improved method was first introduced to achieve this target, in which a 3D finite element model for the soil-tunnel system should be established to obtain the overall performance response under excitations of different input waves. The circumferential anchor joint was simulated using the multidirectional springs, while the longitudinal bolt joint was replaced by the beam. Based on the joint opening and offset obtained from the integral model, a refined model of the anchor joint was then set up to further examine its mechanical behavior under the seismic action.