# Virtual Reality Training Application for the Condition-Based Maintenance of Induction Motors  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad de Burgos, Avda Cantabria s/n, 09006 Burgos, Spain; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
2 HSPdigital CA-Mectronica, Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76800, Mexico; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.S.-D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.A.O.-R.)  
3 Instituto Tecnologico de la Energia, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
4 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
2 HSPdigital CA-Mectronica, Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76800, Mexico; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.S.-D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.A.O.-R.)  
2 HSPdigital CA-Mectronica, Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76800, Mexico; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.  
skills in a risk-free environment is enhanced [2; 3; 4]. However, access to virtual reality (VR) environments had been excluded from training environments, due to the high cost of VR equipment. Their use over the last 50 years has been limited to military applications and research institutes [5]. Recent advances in VR technology have improved interaction and reduced costs, making them even more attractive for training. Such democratization of technology encourages the development and research of new training applications to provide effective and powerful teaching and training tools. These advantages offered by VR are partially found in training applications based on 2D interactive systems. On-screen systems are designed to operate with a keyboard and mouse, which is a major constraint in terms of interaction and immersion [6]. Other examples offer a 3D visualization of the environment, also using a screen, which allows them to be more realistic in appearance, usable and immersive, but their interaction is still limited [7; 8]. Through these applications that are displayed on screens, the great benefits that virtual reality offers, such as immersion and presence, which are identified as key factors for the enhancement of learning rates [9], are reduced. Likewise, to achieve high learning rates, a second element is required: interactivity. VR applications allow the user to interact with the environment in a natural way, thus enabling the user to learn and train in well-defined areas and tasks. Unlike traditional training environments, where the trainer controls the learning, these VR tools present a trainee-centered approach to training. The user feels in control of an interactive learning process, thus facilitating active and critical learning [10]. Moreover, VR-based simulated environments achieve better learning outcomes compared to those based on 2D interfaces [11]. From a training point of view, thanks to VR environments, the virtual environments of laboratories and test benches can be reproduced with a high rate of similarity to real environments. In addition, it avoids the need for investment and economic losses, as well as unnecessary damage to laboratory equipment and process shutdowns in the industry for capacitation. It also safeguards the integrity of the trainees, so the use of VR environments for teaching and training is of special interest in those specific applications that require experimental practice that may compromise the safety of the users and companies that need to train their technical personnel on specific problems. As a clear example, most industrial processes involve the use of electric rotating machines, such as induction motors. In fact, induction motors represent the most common and essential element in any industrial application [12]. Additionally, induction motors have become part of the everyday equipment used by the entire population, and, for that reason, they are extensively used in a wide range of applications. The most relevant applications are associated with industry, but they are also at home, in remote research applications on land, air, water, and even in space.