## 3 Results
### Antibacterial Assays  
The findings of the antibacterial activity of the _CEO_ against the clinically isolated _P. gingivalis_ and _P. intermedia_ by the agar disc diffusion assay are presented in Table 3. The clinical strains were sensitive to _CEO_ at 2.5%, 5%, and 10% concentrations used in this present study and produced inhibition zones ranging from 6.5 \(\pm\) 0.27 mm to 16.8 \(\pm\) 0.4 mm for _P. gingivalis_ and from 10.5 \(\pm\) 0.6 mm to 18.55 \(\pm\) 0.35 mm for _P. intermedia_. Chlorkeidine (CHX) produced mean inhibition zones of 14.12 \(\pm\) 0.26 mm and 15.05 \(\pm\) 0.38 mm against clinically isolated _P. gingivalis_ and _P. intermedia_, respectively, as presented in Figure 2A,B. Figure 1: Black pigmented colonies of (**A**) _P. gingivalis_ and (**B**) _P. intermedia_ on blood agar after ten days of anaerobic incubation. (**C**) PCR products in agarose gel electrophoresis showed multiple bands localized at 575 base pairs, similar to the template size of _P. intermedia_ (100 BP ladder). (**D**) 165 rRNA gene sequence graph of the purified colonies of _P. intermedia_ performed in Macrogen-Republic of Korea. (**E**) 165 rDNA gene sequence of the purified colonies of _P. gingivalis_ conducted in Macrogen, Republic of Korea. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Peak** & **Area\%** & **Compound Name** & **CAS\#** & **MW** & **MF** \\ \hline
1 & 1.17 & \(\alpha\)-Pinene & 80-56-8 & 136.23 & C10H16 \\
2 & 19.75 & \(\beta\)-Pinene & 127-91-3 & 136.23 & C10H16 \\
3 & 0.53 & \(\alpha\)-Phellandrene & 99-83-2 & 136.23 & C10H16 \\
4 & 6.73 & 1,4-Diethylbenzene & 105-05-5 & 134.22 & C10H14 \\
5 & 5.24 & O-Cymene & 934-80-5 & 134.22 & C10H14 \\
6 & 20.08 & \(\gamma\)-Terpinene & 99-85-4 & 136.23 & C10H16 \\
7 & 0.20 & cis-Limonene hydrate & 7299-41-4 & 186.33 & C12H26O \\
8 & 0.31 & 2-Octen-4-ol & 4798-61-2 & 128.21 & C8H16O \\
9 & 0.25 & Terpinen-4-ol & 562-74-3 & 154.25 & C10H18O \\
10 & 2.01 & 10-Camphorsulfonyl chloride & 1000194-76-1 & 250.74 & C10H15 CloS5 \\
11 & 20.74 & Cumin aldehyde & 122-03-2 & 148.20 & C10H12O \\
12 & 18.54 & 2-Caren-10-al & 151-85-9 & 150.22 & C10H14O \\
13 & 0.20 & p-Mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol & 22539-72-6 & 152.23 & C10H16O \\
14 & 0.22 & 3-Methyl-6-propyl-phenol & 31143-55-2 & 150.22 & C10H14O \\
15 & 0.43 & \(\beta\)-Gurjunene & 17334-55-3 & 204.35 & C15H24 \\
16 & 0.23 & Caryophyllene & 87-44-5 & 204.35 & C15H24 \\
17 & 0.16 & alpha-Bergamotene & 17699-05-7 & 204.35 & C15H24 \\
18 & 0.45 & cis- beta. -Farnesene & 28973-97-9 & 204.35 & C15H24 \\
19 & 0.44 & \(\gamma\)-Muurolene & 30021-74-0 & 204.35 & C15H24 \\
20 & 0.24 & \(\beta\)-Bisabolene & 495-61-4 & 204.35 & C15H24 \\
21 & 0.21 & Carotol & 465-28-1 & 222.37 & C15H26O \\
22 & 0.29 & Methyl Palmitate & 112-39-0 & 270.45 & C17H34O2 \\
23 & 019 & Palmitic acid & 57-10-3 & 256.42 & C16H32O2 \\
24 & 0.15 & Methyl eladate & 1937-62-8 & 296.5 & C19H36O2 \\
25 & 0.16 & Methyl stearate & 112-61-8 & 298.5 & C19H38O2 \\
26 & 0.15 & Asclepic acid & 506-17-2 & 282.5 & C18H34O2 \\
27 & 0.15 & Oleic acid & 112-80-1 & 282.5 & C18H34O2 \\
28 & 0.76 & Clionasterol & 83-47-6 & 414.71 & C29H50O \\ \hline \end{tabular} Area\%: Compound percentage; CAS\#: Registry number; MW: Molecular weight (g/mol); MF: Molecular formula.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The FEO components according to GC-MS analysis.