## 3 Results and Discussion
### CMM Measurements
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**ABS FDM Absolute**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ABS-Injection**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Injection—FDM**} \\  & **Measurement (mm)** & **Absolute Measurement (mm)** & **Absolute Measurement (mm)** & **Deviation** (mm)** & **PLA** \\ \hline POINT16 & \(-\)0.19 & \(-\)0.086 & 0.104 & 0.191 \\ POINT17 & 0.047 & \(-\)0.212 & \(-\)0.259 & \(-\)0.044 \\ POINT18 & 0.144 & \(-\)0.21 & \(-\)0.354 & \(-\)0.132 \\ POINT19 & \(-\)0.099 & \(-\)0.331 & \(-\)0.232 & 0.022 \\ POINT20 & \(-\)0.181 & \(-\)0.214 & \(-\)0.033 & 0.039 \\ POINT21 & \(-\)0.154 & \(-\)0.103 & 0.051 & 0.062 \\ POINT22 & \(-\)0.274 & \(-\)0.119 & 0.155 & 0.069 \\ POINT23 & 0.233 & 0.052 & \(-\)0.181 & \(-\)0.236 \\ POINT24 & \(-\)0.171 & \(-\)0.252 & \(-\)0.081 & 0.056 \\ POINT25 & \(-\)0.089 & \(-\)0.186 & \(-\)0.097 & 0.092 \\ POINT26 & 0.216 & 0.183 & \(-\)0.033 & \(-\)0.304 \\ POINT27 & 0.59 & 0.265 & \(-\)0.325 & \(-\)0.056 \\ POINT28 & \(-\)0.107 & 0.075 & 0.182 & 0.073 \\ POINT29 & \(-\)0.27 & \(-\)0.225 & 0.045 & 0.202 \\ POINT30 & \(-\)0.069 & \(-\)0.201 & \(-\)0.132 & 0.043 \\ POINT31 & 0.196 & \(-\)0.032 & \(-\)0.228 & \(-\)0.199 \\ POINT32 & \(-\)0.226 & \(-\)0.243 & \(-\)0.017 & 0.11 \\ POINT33 & \(-\)0.289 & \(-\)0.093 & 0.196 & 0.218 \\ POINT34 & \(-\)0.123 & \(-\)0.349 & \(-\)0.226 & \(-\)0.181 \\ POINT35 & \(-\)0.355 & \(-\)0.411 & \(-\)0.056 & \(-\)0.01 \\ POINT36 & \(-\)0.534 & \(-\)0.415 & 0.119 & 0.135 \\ POINT37 & \(-\)0.899 & \(-\)0.675 & 0.224 & 0.155 \\ POINT38 & \(-\)1.066 & \(-\)0.966 & 0.1 & 0.21 \\ POINT39 & \(-\)1.108 & \(-\)1.044 & 0.064 & 0.203 \\ POINT40 & \(-\)1.114 & \(-\)0.985 & 0.129 & 0.234 \\ POINT41 & \(-\)0.648 & \(-\)0.594 & 0.054 & 0.126 \\ POINT42 & \(-\)0.287 & \(-\)0.286 & 0.001 & 0.007 \\ POINT43 & \(-\)0.262 & \(-\)0.139 & 0.123 & \(-\)0.018 \\ POINT44 & \(-\)0.75 & \(-\)0.617 & 0.133 & 0.214 \\ POINT45 & \(-\)0.668 & \(-\)0.647 & 0.021 & 0.218 \\ POINT46 & \(-\)0.741 & \(-\)0.573 & 0.168 & 0.246 \\ POINT47 & \(-\)0.831 & \(-\)0.586 & 0.245 & 0.227 \\ POINT48 & \(-\)0.567 & \(-\)0.667 & \(-\)0.1 & \(-\)0.161 \\ POINT49 & \(-\)0.885 & \(-\)0.872 & 0.013 & 0.304 \\ POINT50 & \(-\)0.803 & \(-\)0.937 & \(-\)0.134 & 0.241 \\ POINT51 & \(-\)1.205 & \(-\)0.912 & 0.293 & 0.518 \\ POINT52 & \(-\)0.692 & \(-\)0.702 & \(-\)0.01 & 0.233 \\ POINT53 & \(-\)0.392 & \(-\)0.293 & 0.099 & 0.153 \\ POINT54 & \(-\)0.141 & \(-\)0.064 & 0.077 & \(-\)0.102 \\ POINT55 & \(-\)0.209 & \(-\)0.025 & 0.184 & \(-\)0.039 \\ POINT56 & \(-\)0.045 & \(-\)0.15 & \(-\)0.105 & \(-\)0.127 \\ POINT57 & \(-\)0.127 & \(-\)0.265 & \(-\)0.138 & \(-\)0.101 \\ POINT58 & \(-\)0.379 & \(-\)0.542 & \(-\)0.163 & \(-\)0.2 \\ POINT59 & \(-\)0.462 & \(-\)0.6 & \(-\)0.138 & \(-\)0.083 \\ POINT60 & \(-\)0.852 & \(-\)0.891 & \(-\)0.039 & 0.019 \\  & & Average & 0.0025 & 0.0426 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._As detailed in Table 3, out-of-tolerance measurements were recorded at four distinct points for the sample produced via ABS 3D printing, whereas only one point was out of tolerance for the ABS plastic injection-molded sample. Specifically, for POINT39, the measurement was considered erroneous across all samples, likely due to a measurement anomaly rather than a manufacturing defect. Excluding this outlier, the largest deviation observed in the injection-molded part was \(-1.044\) mm at POINT39. However, the average deviation across all other points was significantly lower, confirming the overall high dimensional accuracy of injection molding. An analysis of the reference points POINT38, POINT39, and POINT40 for 3D-printed samples revealed that those produced from an ABS filament exhibited a lower incidence of measurement inaccuracy compared with samples produced from a PLA filament. When comparing samples obtained from injection molding and 3D printing, an average discrepancy of 0.0025 mm was observed in ABS.