# Using Long-Range Wireless Sensor Network to Track the Illegal Cutting Log
## 4 Conclusions  
This paper aimed to design a prototype and implementation of an IoT application that can detect the illegal cutting of trees and perform tracking using GPS in LoRA HAT. This proposed system is expected to increase the awareness and help the forest police to identify the occurrence of logging trees in the forest and to track the cutting of logs. Therefore, this system can help to reduce and obtain the process of forest degradation. Based on the testing result, the communication module LoRA was applied in the illegal logging application using the topology STAR of STAR. The LoRA communication performance between the node and the gateway measured the RSSI (dB) value and the distance (m). The resulting testing determined that sensor node TX1 connected with the gateway in the range of 0-900 m while sensor node Tx2 was in the range of 750 m in LoS area. At the small forest in the urban area as N-Los measurement, sensor nodes Tx1 and Tx2 can reach between 0 and 350 m. Meanwhile, in the N-LoS area at the suburb forest, sensor node Tx1 and Tx2 connected with the gateway in the maximum range of 0-300 m. The result of LoRa performance signal testing in N-LoS area is much shorter than LoS area. It is because there are many obstacles, such as the density of trees and high building. The placement of the gateway position must be located between 1.8 and 2.2 m, wherein that position, the signal can transmit further distance. If it is located too high or too low, the signal will meet more obstructions such as a bush, tree trunk, dense trees or the differences in Meters Above Sea Level (MASL). Figure 16: Telegram Display of Illegal Logging Tracking Application. Meanwhile, for tracking the moving log, the sensor node can be tracked by the system as long as the new location is in the range of gateway OLG01 location by identifying the new location of GPS. The delivery of information regarding the occurrence of illegal logging can be monitored and received by the users at a distance of more than 7 km. The processing time for captured information in LoS area adheres to real-time conditions, meanwhile, in N-LoS area it takes about 10-46 s to process the information. It is because the farther the transmitter and receiver are, the more power the device must consume and the weaker the signal is. The comparison between the previous study [40] stated that LoRa has a more extended range of communication than ZigBee. LoRa also has better energy consumption than ZigBee. For future work, the system can be built in a larger prototype and embedded into a whole logging process stage. In this research, the energy consumed by LoRa/GPS HAT for Raspberry Pi, is still not optimal. However, LoRa/GPS HAT for Raspberry Pi still consumes less power and is better compared to ZigBee. So, the component can be replaced with other types of LoRa series that are compatible with Arduino. The system can be extended with the extra antenna to have a farther range; however, energy consumption must be considered because the extended antenna will consume extra energy. Besides, The GPS-free geolocation can be enhanced in the system for future work. The implementation of web applications will be advantageous for the user in order to track in an exemplary of Graphical User Interface (GUI). Considering the wide-area network in the illegal cutting region, the study of the efficient energy consumption at each node sensor needs further exploration. Conceptualization, G.A.M. and N.S.H. ; methodology, G.A.M. ; software, G.A.M. ; validation, G.A.M., N.S.H. and O.M. ; formal analysis, G.A.M. ; investigation, G.A.M. ; resources, G.A.M. ; data curation, G.A.M., writing--original draft preparation, G.A.M. ; writing--review and editing, G.A.M., N.S.H. and O.M. ; visualization, G.A.M. ; supervision, N.S.H., and O.M. ; project administration, G.A.M. ; funding acquisition, G.A.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received publication funding from Telkom University.