## 3 Extraction of Phenolic Compounds  
There are several extraction techniques available for obtaining phenolic compounds; two general techniques are found: conventional and nonconventional extraction techniques. The conventional techniques include simple solid solvent extraction, whereas nontraditional techniques include microwave-assisted extraction, subcritical CO\({}_{2}\) extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction, among others. The extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds from marine algae reported an interesting result as in Figure 5 [44; 45; 46; 47; 48]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Name of Marine Algae** & **Searowed-Based Bioactive Compounds** & **Cosmic Properties/Benefits** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{38} & _Eisenia bicyclis, Ecklonia cara_ subsp. & & & Hyaluronidase inhibition & \\  & _kurome_ (as Ecklonia kurome), & & Phlorofucofuroeckol-A, Phlorotannins & Anti-inflammatory & [202] \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ (B) & & Inhibit melanin & \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ (B) & & synthesis, Antioxidant & \\  & _Ecklonia stolonifera_ (B) & & Anti-inflammatory, Antigamma & [203] \\  & _Sargassum fusiforme_ & & Antiag, & \\  & (as _Hzikia fusiformis_) (B) & & Metalloproteines inhibitors & [204] \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ (B) & & Eckol, dieckol & Skin whitener & [204] \\  & _Ecklonia_ & & Downregulation of tyrosinase and & \\  & _Ishige foliaca_ (B) & & Phlorotannin & melanin & [205,206] \\  & _Laminaria acroleuca_ (B) & & synthesis & \\  & _Macrocystis pyrifera_ (B) & & Phlorotannin & Antioxidant, ROS scavenger & [208] \\  & _Saccharina latissima_ (B) & & Phenol & Antioxidant & [209] \\  & _Sargassum serratifolium_ (B) & & Sargachromenol & Anti-melanogenic & [210] \\  & _Schizophrenia dubyi_ (R) & & Phenol & inhibition & [210] \\  & _Sargassum thunbergia_ (B) & & Thunbergol & Antioxidant & [211] \\  & _Pyropia calombunia_ (R) & & Phenol & Antioxidant & [212] \\  & _Rhodenda corretores_ (R) & & Bromophenol & Antioxidant & [213] \\  & _Ultra prolifera_ (G) & & Phenol, flavonoid & Antioxidant & [214] \\  & _Ullra rigida_ (G) & & Phenol & Antioxidant & [215] \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ (B) & & Dioxinodehydroeckol & UVB protector & [216] \\  & _Eisenia bicyclis,_ & & Anti-inflammatory, & \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ subsp. stolonifera_ & & Ecokol & Tyrosine inhibition & [217; 218; 219] \\  & (as _E. stolonifera_) (B) & & Fucofuroeckol-A & UVB protector & [220] \\  & _Cystoseira compress_ (B) & & Fuhalol & Antioxidant & [221] \\  & _Facus vesicususus_ (B) & & Fuchiprohetohl & Antioxidant & [222] \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ (B) & & Eckstololol & Antioxidant & [223] \\  & _Ishige foliaca_ (B) & & Octaphlorethol-A & Antioxidant effects & [224] \\  & _Eisenia bicyclis,_ & & & \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ subsp. stolonifera_ & & Phlorofucofuroeckol-A & Hepatoprotective against oxidative & \\  & (as _E. stolonifera_) (B) & & stress, Tyrosine inhibition & [225,226] \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ (B) & & 2-phloroeckol, & \\  & _Ascophyllum nodosum, Ficus serntus,_ & & & \\  & _Himanthalia elongata,_ & Phlorotannins & Antioxidant, Photoprotective & [228; 229; 230] \\  & _Halidrys siliquosa_, (B) & & & \\  & _Ecklonia cara_ subsp. stolonifera_ & & Dioxinodehydroeckol & Downregulation of melanogenic & \\  & (as _E. stolonifera_) (B) & & enzymes that are namely YYR, TRP1, & [231] \\  & & & and TRP2 & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._The most important step is to select an appropriate extraction method, since many procedures of extraction are available nowadays. Traditional methods include heat-assisted extraction or macceration, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction as reported by [PERSON] [233]. One of the classical methods is macceration, in which the components are extracted by submerging marine algae in an appropriate solvent or solvent combinations [234]. On a large scale, at the industrial level, ethanol is preferred as a solvent for extraction because of its economic benefit [235]. This procedure is widely applicable in current practice.