## 4 Discussion
A patient comes for a consultation, their pictures are taken and processed using AI, and in a few moments, the clinician can have a roadmap or even ready-made solutions to the patient's aesthetics-related challenges. However, as utopian this may sound, with huge amounts of data being fed into the system for some time, including the pictures and rigorous assessments of all inputs (including intraoral scans, X-rays or CBCT scans, dental and medical history, and even body height), with treatment plans for those patients designed by state-of-the-art orthodontists, deep learning can make sense of these data and in the future possibly provide the best possible treatment plans all by itself. Many more studies need to be well-designed and executed, and their results analyzed with emphasis on comparison with the current treatment standards and best practices, in order to move forward on the AI highway. However, there are many underlying ethical, legal, and social implications to the use of AI in healthcare, and these need to be discussed further [95; 96; 97; 98; 99]. In fact, more than forty different ethical issues regarding the use of AI in dentistry were identified [100]. For example, reinforcing societal beauty biases and ensuring transparency in AI algorithms must be addressed. Privacy, anonymity, security, and informed consent are but a few of the most common challenges regarding novel digital technologies in dentistry [101]. Privacy and secrecy have special importance, since they are two cornerstones of healthcare ethics. The safety of data and ensuring privacy is of utmost importance in the field of healthcare. Most of today's AI system use the uploaded data and interactions to learn and better themselves, thus possibly incorporating parts of the data and interaction in their database and later replies. This must be considered when uploading healthcare information to the AI. The most unacceptable situation, where AI learns about healthcare issues of a person and then later uses that data for queries of third parties, must be avoided stringently. Thus, any software company using AI to handle patient data needs to have implemented the strictest comprehensive privacy and data control protocols and consistently prioritize privacy in building and maintaining their AI. The company running the AI is responsible for the actions of that AI and the fate of any sensitive data uploaded to the system [74]. Another significant concern is the variability in AI algorithm performance across different populations and clinical settings, necessitating adaptation for diverse patient groups [102]. Another important aspect is that AI is, as of now, unable to consider how realistic the facial changes shown by the software are. The limitations of orthodontic treatment should be observed and respected, and the patient needs to be informed about possible treatment options and limitations from the very beginning, to prevent their disappointment and unrealistic expectations based on AI-powered face enhancement. This is especially true in case of non-surgical orthodontics' effects on the face, but also when it comes to any orthodontic therapy [3]. AI enhanced pictures, like all predictions and plans, are inherently fickle and capricious. Implementing them is subject to many factors outside of the clinician's control when it comes to removeable appliances, fixed appliances, and aligners. This is something patients should be aware of [74]. It may be a challenge to compare the new AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment planning with their traditional counterparts. Standard measurements of facial beauty and proportions up to this point were often based on older anthropometric data, which were limited by the number of inputs that could be handled by human researchers--the number of photos, the number of patients, etc. [3]. AI can handle and acquire much larger and complex modern datasets. Furthermore, it can continuously improve and adapt the modern trends and concepts of beauty since it is possible to add more and more data constantly [93].