## 4 Discussion
### Examining the Relationship of Additional Characteristics with the TUG Tests  
A positive direct proportional relationship was found between balance and TUG tests in the present study. That is, as the FSST test duration time increased, the TUG test duration time increased and vice versa. The FSST is more related to the simple TUG test and less related to the \(\text{TUG}_{\text{MC}}\) and \(\text{TUG}_{\text{VF}}\). Several studies have found a relationship between dual-task and balance tests. [PERSON] et al. [38] used the single lower limb standing test to test static balance and the tandem test to test dynamic balance. The DT tests were a motor test and a cognitive test combined with the TUG. In the cognitive DT test, participants performed the TUG test and simultaneously repeated the days of the week in reverse order starting from Sunday. A high correlation was found between the DT tests and the balance tests. The TUG cognitive test had the lowest correlation with balance.  
A possible reason why the dual-task tests are less related to balance is because they are considered difficult tests and the individual needs more time to perform them, probably because of cognitive impairment. [PERSON] et al. [39] report that the decline in brain mass associated with aging, especially in the frontal lobe, leads to impaired cognitive processing abilities. These modifications restrict the brain's ability to adapt and compensate for the movement and postural control challenges that come with aging, which explains the poorer performance in DT activities. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. [40] suggest that structural or functional alterations in the brain may primarily explain the link between cognitive function and dynamic balance. Hippocampal volume plays a role in maintaining posture and balance [41]. Additionally, reduced gray matter volume has been linked to both cognitive deterioration and postural instability [42].  
Functional muscle strength of the lower limbs appeared to have a negative inverse relationship with all TUG tests except the \(\text{TUG}_{\text{MC}}\) test, where there was no relationship. The higher the participants\({}^{\prime}\) scores on the 30-CST test, the shorter was the time required for the subjects to complete the TUG. The \(\text{TUG}_{\text{ME}}\) test had the highest correlation with muscle strength, but it was insignificant. The \(\text{TUG}_{\text{VF}}\) test had the smallest correlation with muscle strength and was similar to the \(\text{TUG}_{\text{MC}}\). [PERSON] et al. [43], despite using a different methodology with a similar sample to the present study, found a correlation between muscle strength and the DT tests. The reason why the present study found little relationship between the TUG tests and muscle strength is probably because the 30-CST test is not as sensitive for community-dwelling older adults. This particular test involves a functional movement, leaning out of a chair, which is frequently performed in the daily life of this population, and this is probably the reason why all participants scored high. Assessing lower limb strength with more reliable and accurate tools for this population e.g., a dynamometer, would probably lead to different results.  
No significant relationship was observed between balance confidence and the TUG tests. The questions included in the ABC scale describe activities of daily living, which are performed with particular ease in this population, hence the high scores noted. It is possible that by using a different questionnaire/scale with questions describing more difficult functional movements, different results for balance confidence or fear of falling would be noted compared to the performance of the TUG tests.