# A Novel Efficient Borehole Cleaning Model for Optimizing Drilling Performance in Real Time
## 4 Results and Discussion  
### Methodology  
In this study, the TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) model was rigorously validated through the directional drilling of intermediate sections in two offshore wells and a horizontal section in a third well. Specifically, the model was evaluated for the drilling of the 12.25\({}^{\prime\prime}\) intermediate sections and horizontal sections in Well-A and Well-B, as well as the 8.5\({}^{\prime\prime}\) liner section in Well-C, which presented a challenge due to stuck pipe. These deviated drilling sections were severely deviated, with the first two starting at 30 degrees and the third achieving a near-horizontal inclination of 90 degrees with respect to the borehole at the top of the reservoir in Well-A and Well-B. The third well was horizontally drilled at 90 degrees. In this study, properties of the formation and drill cuttings were carefully considered to ensure the effectiveness of the drilling process. The formation was composed of sandstone, limestone, and shale, with formation temperatures ranging from 140 to 155 \({}^{\circ}\)F. The porosity of the formation ranged from 0.15 to 0.25. The washout, which is the enlargement of the wellbore diameter due to the erosion of the formation, ranged from 10% to 30%. The properties of the drill cuttings are also critical to the success of the drilling process. The density of the drill cuttings ranged from 20 to 24 ppg. The size of the drill cuttings ranged from 0.2 to 0.375 inches. Table 3 summarizes the properties of the drilling fluid used to drill these sections.  
Other important parameters in addition to the properties of the formation and drill cuttings were also carefully monitored and recorded during the drilling operations. These parameters include the rheological properties of the drilling fluid, mechanical drilling parameters, borehole section directional survey, and hydraulic velocities. The accurate determination and tracking of these parameters were necessary for the calculation of TI\({}_{\text{m}}\). To facilitate analysis and interpretation of the data, tables were created to summarize the various parameters recorded during drilling operations. Table 4 summarizes the rheological properties of the drilling fluid for Well-A, Table 5 summarizes those for Well-B, and Table 6 summarizes those for Well-C. The mechanical drilling parameters and borehole section directional survey data for each well were also included in their respective tables. The hydraulic velocities were also recorded to ensure effective removal of drill cuttings from the wellbore. These data were crucial for the calculation of TI\({}_{\text{m}}\), which required accurate and up-to-date information on the position and orientation of the drill bit.  
More importantly, a total of 2512 data points were collected to evaluate and study the performance of the novel TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) model with different drilling parameters from various types of drilling fluids, including oil-based drilling fluids, water-based drilling fluids, inverted emulsion drilling fluids, and synthetic drilling fluids. The data were collected from different types of profile wells, including vertical, deviated, and horizontal wells.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **The Drilling Fluids Range Properties** \\ \hline The density of oil-based drilling fluid density & 80 lb/ft\({}^{3}\) for Well-A and Well-B \\  & 88-lb/ft\({}^{3}\) for Well C \\ The ratio of oil & (0.7–0.8) \\ The ratio of water & (0.2–0.3) \\ The value of electrical stability & (500–1000) V \\ Percent of low gravity solids & (2–6) (\%) \\ Percent of high gravity solids & (9–16) (\%) \\ March funnel viscosity & (55–80) (s) \\ Percent of solid content & (10–15) (\%) \\ Mud solid control & 0.4–0.55 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Drilling fluid properties.