## 3 Concept
### Control Loop Design  
The requirements are implemented with the developed concept of the Adaptive Control Loop for an Integrated Supply Network (ACSN). The ACSN is a discrete, event-driven, adaptive and learning control loop that integrates supply network with manufacturing, more precisely supply chain management with manufacturing control (cf. Figure 5, blue control loop). It aims at mitigating the consequences of events induced by the supply network in manufacturing (cf. requirements 1 and 2). This complements existing approaches for control loops in manufacturing (cf. Figure 5, green control loop) aiming at the mitigation of events induced by manufacturing (cf. Section 2.2.2). Therefore, a cascade  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Requirement** \\ \hline (1) & Suitability for the Application \\ (2) & External Events \\ (3) & Adaptivity \\ (4) & Learning Capability \\ (5) & Degree of Automation \\ (6) & Multi-dimensional Parameters \\ (7) & Seamless Integration \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Requirements for the concept to effectively link supply network events and manufacturing.  
control is formed, whereas state of the art forms the inner control loop and the ACSN the outer control loop.  
Like every control loop, the ACSN consists of a controlling element, the ACSN controller, as well as a controlled system, formed by manufacturing control and manufacturing here. Additionally, operating and machine data acquisition serves as the measuring element.  
The ACSN's reference variable is the production plan, which was generated by production planning. Adapted by the ACSN controller in case of events induced by the supply network, the adapted schedule serves as manipulated variable to interact with sequence deviation of manufacturing control (cf. requirement 6). The ACSN controller's action alternatives result from the advantage of job shop manufacturing with its flexible adaptation to different work pieces and their machining sequences. Orders waiting in front of individual machines can be swapped at any time. Even the actual disadvantage of job shop manufacturing of a long lead time is used to advantage here by creating a period of time for the ACSN controller to adapt the schedule [2].  
Simultaneously, the adapted schedule is the reference variable for the inner control loop of the cascade control. Thus, the adapted schedule influences (via manufacturing control and manufacturing) the expected delivery dates of manufacturing orders serving as the controlled variable. Events from the supply network, such as deviations between forecasts and actual customer demand, are considered. These events can either be detected when they occur using established technologies such as statistical process control or be predicted in advance [43]. For effective processing, events could then be classified [10], before incorporating them into the ACSN controller's decisions.  
Related to the five core tasks of SCDM (cf. Section 2.2.1), the ACSN builds on previous systems for monitoring and event identification. They are expanded and supported by automated decisions for countermeasures in the form of adapted schedules to mitigate the consequences of events from the supply network as well as the subsequent performance monitoring (cf. requirement 5).  
Figure 5: Adaptive control loop for an integrated supply network.