## 3 Results
### Examination of the Simulations with Gpm-Co Dpr  
Just a few hours before the medicane reached its peak intensity and made landfall in mainland Greece, the DPR instrument onboard GPM-CO was able to capture the Ianos 3D mature stage structure over the Ionian Sea as it was approaching the Greek islands. In Figure 5a-h, we can see the radar reflectivity factor at 5 km height as predicted by different WRF microphysical schemes at 10:30 p.m. UTC 17 September. Figure 5i shows the DPR Ku-band corrected reflectivity at 5 km at 10:31 p.m. UTC. From the observations, the cloud-free eye can be appreciated with spiraling rainbands around the eyewall and extending over parts of the Greek islands of Zakynthos and Kefalonia. Its highest intensity of 44.4 dBZ was located at the southwestern portion of the eyewall, with the main rainband extending north/northeast from the eyewall and the outer weaker band of more stratiform  
Figure 4: Cyclone phase space diagrams showing the thermal structure (**a,c**) and symmetry (**b,d**) for the experiments performed with GFS (**a,b**) and ECMWF (**c,d**) data. Triangles denote the position at 12:00 p.m. UTC 17 September 2020, circles denote the position at 6:00 p.m. UTC, and squares denote the position at 12:00 a.m. UTC 18 September 2020.  
rain extending north up to southern Albania. The ECMWF-based simulations were able to position the eyewall and the rainbands to the northwest of the eye more accurately and visibly in better agreement with the observations (Figure 5i). On the other hand, the GFS-based experiments successfully produced the southwestern eyewall but failed in its remaining portions and outer rainbands, which were located too far away near the Apulian peninsula, with large overestimations of the stratiform precipitation. Furthermore, [PERSON] and [PERSON] ECMWF-based simulations predicted a well-defined and relatively closed eye, while WSM6 and WDM6 showed lower performance in this regard. Figure 5: Radar reflectivity factor (dBZ) at 5 km height at 10:30 p.m. UTC 17 September 2020 for all simulations (**a-h**) and as observed by the GPM-CO DPR overpass at 10:31 UTC p.m. (**i**) (the Ku-band corrected reflectivity is shown). The red and blue dashed lines intersect at the minimum MSLP center and indicate the location of the perpendicular vertical cross-sections shown in Figures 6 and 7. While all the other experiments tended to overestimate the reflectivity in most areas of the eyewall and outer bands, the [PERSON] ECMWF simulation (Figure 5g) was the only one that succeeded in placing part of the eastern eyewall over Kefalonia and accurately predicting the reflectivity peak in the southwestern quadrant, despite creating a more elongated eye in the SW-NE direction. Figure 6: Vertical cross-sections in the NW–SE direction of Ku-band radar corrected reflectivity (dBZ) at 10:30 p.m. UTC 17 September 2020 for all simulations (**a**–**h**) and as observed by the GPM-CO DPR overpass at 10:31 p.m. UTC (i). Their relative location is indicated in Figure 5i by the red dashed line \(A\). The vertical axes are in km. To gain some insight into the TLC structure, Figure 6 reports the vertical cross-sections of the model prediction and the DPR Ku-band reflectivity factor for the NW-SE segment of 400 km length across the system, as indicated by the red dashed line A in Figure 5i, centered at the TLC's minimum MSLP and cloud-free eye centers, respectively. The DPR observations (Figure 6i) showed a reflectivity peak of 42.6 dBZ around a height of 4 km in the main reiband to the northwest of the eye, an area of intense precipitation at 0-1 km in the eyewall, and weaker intensities elsewhere, with clouds reaching maximum heights of 8-9 km. The DPR reflectivity profile was coherent with a stratiform precipitation, with the reflectivity peak in correspondence with the bright band located around a height of 3.5-4 km (slightly more elevated in the central region due to the warm-core anomaly).