# State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants
## 2 Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Mexican Plants
### Biological Activity Survey of PCTs Found in Mexican Plants  
A summary of the different reported bioactivities of PCTs found in Mexican plants is presented in Table 1. Figure 4 presents the structure of the PCTs used in the discussion of the following subsections, with the corresponding structure indicated by the bold numbers in parentheses in the next lines. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Plant Species** & **Identified Compounds** & **Subgroup** & **Activities** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{_Lantana hispida_} & \multirow{3}{*}{Oleanolic acid} & \multirow{3}{*}{Oleanane} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Antimicrobial activity (MIC) on _Mycobacterium_} \\  & & & _tuberculosis_ & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\  & & & \(\star\) H37 Rv: 25 ug/mL & \\  & & & \(\star\) STR-R, RIF-R, INH-R, and EMB-R: 50 ug/mL & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{3}{*}{3-acetoxy-22-(2’-methyl-2Z-} & \multirow{3}{*}{Oleanane} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(\star\) H37 Rv, STR-R, and INH-R: 25 ug/mL} \\  & & & \(\star\) RIF-R and EMB-R: 50 ug/mL & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{3}{*}{3-hydroxy-22-(2’-methyl-2Z-} & \multirow{3}{*}{Oleanane} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(\star\) H37 Rv, STR-R, INH-R, and EMB-R: 50 ug/mL} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{3}{*}{3-hydroxy-12-olean-28-oic acid (reduced lantadene A)} & \multirow{3}{*}{Oleanane} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(\star\) H37 Rv, STR-R, RIF-R, INH-R, and EMB-R: 50 ug/mL} \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{3}{*}{21\(\Rightarrow\)-hydroxy-3-oxofriedelane} & \multirow{3}{*}{Oleanane} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(\star\) Antiprotozoan activity (IC\({}_{\text{SQ}}\)) on _Giardia intestinalis_: 27.4 uM} \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & 21\(\alpha\)-hydroxy-3-oxofriedelane & \multirow{3}{*}{Friedelane} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(\star\) Antiprotozoan activity (IC\({}_{\text{SQ}}\)) on _G. intestinalis_: 19.8 uM} \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Trigemine} & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
\end{table} 
Table 1: PCTs isolated from Mexican plants with biological activity. Figure 3: Geographical origin and distribution of Mexican plants as a source of PCTs with bioactivity according to published reports and distribution frequencies. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Plant Species** & **Identified Compounds** & **Subgroup** & **Activities** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{_Acacia cochilacantha_} & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Antimicrobial activity (MIC) on:} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Staphylococcus aureus_: 2.8 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Bastillus subtilis_: 1.4 mg/mL.} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Enterococcusecium_: 5.6 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Lactobacillus plantarum_: 11.3 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Escherichia coli_: 2.8 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Salmonella typhimurium_: 22.5 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Klebsiella pneumoniae_: 22.5 mg/mL} \\ \cline{2-5}  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Antimicrobial activity (MIC) on:} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_S. aureus_: 0.4 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_B. subtilis_: 1.4 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_L. plantarum_: 1.4 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_L. coli_: 0.2 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_S. typhimurium_: 2.8 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_K. pneumoniae_: 1.4 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Pseudomonas aeruginosa_: 2.8 mg/mL} \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{_Hippercata exclus_} & 11\(\upbeta\),21\(\upbeta\)-dihydroxy-olean-12- & \multirow{3}{*}{Oleanane} & Antiprotozoan activity on _Gardia intestinalis_: IC\({}_{50}\): \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_S. aureus_: 0.4 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_B. subtilis_: 1.4 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_L. plantarum_: 1.4 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_L. coli_: 0.2 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_S. typhimurium_: 2.8 mg/mL} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_K.