## 3 Results
### SOS and POS Trend Analysis (2001-2021)
** & **Pp** \\ \hline AUS1 & 139.32 & \(-\)0.43 & \(\mathbf{-15.89}\) & **0.06** & 0.9 & 169.35 & \(-\)0.25 & \(\mathbf{-4.54}\) & 0.3 & 0.95 \\ AUS2 & 159.3 & \(-\)0.66 & \(\mathbf{-17.51}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.95 & 187.16 & \(-\)0.52 & \(\mathbf{-14.02}\) & **0.03** & 0.9 \\ BOS & 116.05 & \(-\)0.68 & \(\mathbf{-10.08}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.9 & 157.52 & \(-\)0.4 & \(\mathbf{-9.93}\) & **0.09** & 1 \\ BUL & 172.7 & \(-\)0.17 & \(-\)3.77 & 0.48 & 0.95 & 197.9 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)5.53 & 0.65 & 0.95 \\ CZE & 85.16 & \(-\)0.66 & **13.88** & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.9 & 129.68 & \(-\)0.52 & \(\mathbf{-17.2}\) & **0.02** & 0.9 \\ DEN & 91.63 & \(-\)0.74 & \(\mathbf{-42}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.86 & 124.18 & \(-\)0.44 & \(\mathbf{-14.31}\) & **0.06** & 0.81 \\ FRA1 & 124.3 & \(-\)0.34 & \(-\)4.42 & 0.15 & 0.95 & 154.19 & 0.5 & \(\mathbf{4.44}\) & **0.03** & 0.95 \\ FRA2 & 94.47 & \(-\)0.61 & \(\mathbf{-20.6}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.9 & 140.42 & \(-\)0.4 & \(\mathbf{-6.66}\) & **0.09** & 0.9 \\ FRA3 & 97.5 & \(-\)0.61 & \(\mathbf{-15.99}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.95 & 130.85 & \(-\)0.12 & \(-\)3.57 & 0.64 & 0.95 \\ GEO & 148.95 & \(-\)0.47 & \(\mathbf{-5.55}\) & **0.04** & 0.95 & 177.65 & \(-\)0.4 & \(\mathbf{-7.42}\) & **0.1** & 0.95 \\ GER1 & 84.75 & \(-\)0.01 & \(-\)0.42 & 0.96 & 0.76 & 117.67 & \(-\)0.15 & \(-\)5.47 & 0.53 & 0.86 \\ GER2 & 99.05 & \(-\)0.48 & \(\mathbf{-14.76}\) & **0.04** & 0.9 & 131.48 & \(-\)0.62 & \(\mathbf{-27.73}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 1 \\ HUN & 69.23 & \(-\)0.65 & \(\mathbf{-22.95}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.65 & 154.11 & 0 & \(-\)12.02 & 0.74 & 0.95 \\ ITA1 & 138.84 & \(-\)0.07 & \(-\)2.42 & 0.77 & 0.9 & 167.9 & 0.17 & 4.51 & 0.49 & 0.95 \\ ITA2 & 136.95 & 0.22 & 4.3 & 0.36 & 0.95 & 165.65 & 0.5 & **6.8** & **0.03** & 0.95 \\ ITA3 & 11.56 & \(-\)0.77 & \(\mathbf{-25.14}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.86 & 143 & 0.22 & 5.28 & 0.36 & 0.95 \\ ITA4 & 107.35 & 0.08 & 1.71 & 0.73 & 0.81 & 128.05 & \(-\)0.2 & \(-\)5.74 & 0.41 & 1 \\ LAT & 113.11 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)1.12 & 0.65 & 0.9 & 146.35 & \(-\)0.89 & \(\mathbf{-27.1}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.95 \\ POL & 102.58 & \(-\)0.43 & \(\mathbf{-14.06}\) & **0.07** & 0.9 & 138.8 & \(-\)0.4 & \(\mathbf{-10.82}\) & **0.09** & 0.95 \\ ROM & 128 & 0.22 & 6.64 & 0.38 & 0.95 & 166.85 & 0.07 & 1.58 & 0.78 & 0.95 \\ RUS1 & 119.26 & \(-\)0.39 & \(\mathbf{-6.56}\) & **0.1** & 0.9 & 149.94 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)6.37 & 0.33 & 0.81 \\ RUS2 & 148 & \(-\)0.52 & \(\mathbf{-7.59}\) & **0.02** & 0.95 & 181.76 & \(-\)0.64 & \(\mathbf{-13.49}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 1 \\ SCO & 125.2 & \(-\)0.34 & \(-\)31.05 & 0.16 & 0.95 & 161.39 & 0.13 & 7.21 & 0.61 & 0.86 \\ SLK & 122.76 & \(-\)0.66 & \(\mathbf{-20.52}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.81 & 157.82 & 0.37 & 17.35 & 0.18 & 0.81 \\ SLV & 130 & \(-\)0.54 & \(\mathbf{-13.89}\) & **0.02** & 0.86 & 164.25 & \(-\)0.4 & \(\mathbf{-8.3}\) & **0.09** & 0.9 \\ SPA1 & 88.28 & 0.32 & 11.75 & 0.18 & 0.9 & 155.21 & 0.37 & 15.1 & 0.12 & 0.9 \\ SPA2 & 125.67 & 0 & \(-\)0.05 & 0.99 & 1 & 154.89 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)3.86 & 0.32 & 0.9 \\ SWE & 172.21 & \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)0.5 & 0.94 & 0.9 & 191.53 & \(-\)0.55 & \(\mathbf{-19.62}\) & **0.02** & 0.9 \\ SWI1 & 110.35 & \(-\)0.7 & \(\mathbf{-12.11}\) & **\textless{0.01}** & 0.95 & 135.04 & 0.19 & 3.78 & 0.44 & 0.95 \\ SWI2 & 124.6 & 0.32 & 7.37 & 0.17 & 0.95 & 152.86 & \(-\)0.33 & \(-\)11.51 & 0.17 & 1 \\ TUR & 151.8 & \(-\)0.55 & \(\mathbf{-7.4}  
corresponding to 91.30% of the total. Of these, 16 (69.57%) showed a significant change (F \(<\) 0.1) over the time period analysed. On the other hand, the average spring temperatures showed a less homogenous trend, with a lower tendency of temperature increase (65.21%) and fewer sites (6) with significant change (26.08%).