## 5 Summary and Conclusions  
This paper evaluated the effect of EMAA and SBR modifiers on the rheological properties, cracking behavior, self-healing, compatibility, stability, and anti-fracture property of binders, and viscoelastic characteristics, low-temperature cracking, and self-healing properties of asphalt mixtures. The binders were evaluated using complex modulus, Glover-Rowe parameter, self-healing ductility rate, and fluorescence micrographs, and the mixtures were assessed using dynamic modulus, phase angle, fracture temperature, fracture strain tolerance (FST), and self-healing rate. Testing was conducted on the virgin binder, EMAA-modified binder, SBR-modified binder, EMAA/SBR compound-modified binder, and their mixtures. The following conclusions were drawn based on the testing results:  
1. The conventional tests, including softening point, equivalent softening point (T800), and kinematic viscosity (135 \({}^{\circ}\)C) showed that the contents of 4% EMAA and 3% SBR can increase the physical properties and decrease the costs;
2. 4%EMAA was effective in improving the complex shear modulus of binder. 3%SBR showed little effect on complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures compared with virgin binder, however it was more effective at high temperatures. The G-R parameter results showed that 4%EMAA has a negative effect on anti-cracking ability of binder. 4%EMAA/3%SBR may show the best anti-cracking ability on site;
3. The ductility test results showed that EMAA had great potential to improve the self-healing behavior of binder, which was more evident in the ductility test of EMAA compound SBR-modified binder. What is more, the EMAA/SBR/asphalt system showed the best homogeneity and compatibility among four kinds of binders based on the fluorescence micrographs. Also, the anti-fracture property and the mechanical strength of EMAA/SBR compound-modified binder improved based on the SEM images. The fatigue-healing-fatigue test results showed that the fatigue life of EMAA/SBR compound-modified mixture had been significantly extended with a 24 h healing interval;
4. The results of dynamic modulus testing showed that the modified asphalt mixtures are stiffer than virgin mixture, while for SBR-modified asphalt mixture, the improvement was not found to be significant. The results of phase angle showed that EMAA had a negative effect on anti-cracking ability. However, the phase angles of EMAA/SBR compound-modified mixture was slightly greater than SBR-modified mixture, indicating better resistance to cracking;
5. According to the results of fracture temperature and fracture stress, the EMAA/SBR compound-modified asphalt showed the best low-temperature cracking resistance. The fracture \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Asphalt Type** & **Stress Ratio** & **\(N_{\textbf{\emph{H}}}\)/Cycles** & **\(N_{\textbf{\emph{1}}}\)/Cycles** & **\(N_{\textbf{\emph{2}}}\)/Cycles** & **(\(N_{\textbf{\emph{1}}}\) + \(N_{\textbf{\emph{2}}}\))/Cycles** & **\(H\)/\%** \\ \hline Virgin & & 20,158 & 6047 & 16,752 & 22,799 & 13.1 \\
4\% EMAA & & 18,596 & 5578 & 19,256 & 24,834 & 33.5 \\
3\% SBR & & 31,596 & 9478 & 30,456 & 39,934 & 26.4 \\
4\%EMAA/3\%SBR & & 36,525 & 10,957 & 40,258 & 51,215 & 40.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Results of self-healing property of asphalt mixtures. strain tolerance (FST) was selected as the parameter instead of fracture energy. The results showed that EMAA/SBR compound-modified mixture had the greatest FST value, indicating the best crack resistance at low-temperatures. In addition, the EMAA/SBR compound-modified mixture had the lowest variability of FST value. In addition, there are also other tests that can supplement this study, however they were not conducted due to the scope of this study. Such tests may include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test and some scratch tests. DSC tests are recommended to show the thermal and chemical stability of different binders.