###### Abstract
At high pressure, electron-neutral collisions occur frequently, and neutrals are got ionized. Energy transfer from the electrons to the gas molecules leads to a thermal equilibrium state called thermal plasma. The electron density (n\({}_{\text{e}}\)) in thermal plasma is in the range of 10\({}^{16}\)-10\({}^{19}\) cm\({}^{-3}\)[28] and is thus almost equal to the neutral density (n\({}_{\text{n}}\) = 10\({}^{19}\) cm\({}^{-3}\)); further, the electron temperature (T\({}_{\text{e}}\)) and gas temperature (T\({}_{\text{g}}\)) remain in the order of a few electron volts (eV) [29]. A few examples of thermal plasmas are corona discharge and electric arc [29]. At low pressure, \(n_{e}\) of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) is approximately \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Water Disinfection Method** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** & **Refs.** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Chlorination**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Reaction with organic materials in} \\  & Effective and inexpensive & water and generation of & [9; 10; 11] \\  & Minimal odor and taste, reduced formation of & & \\
**Ozonation** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Minimal odor and taste, reduced formation of \\ by-products, oxidation of organic contaminants \\ Protection against microbes and chemicals, no \\ residual effects \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Expensive \\ Low penetration power, loss of \\ power \\ Expensive, not suitable for \\ removing virus particles \\ Time consuming, expensive \\ Expensive \\ \end{tabular} & [13] \\
**AOP** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Eco-friendly, no need to add chemical agents \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Expensive \\ Low penetration power, loss of \\ power \\ Expensive, not suitable for \\ removing virus particles \\ Time consuming, expensive \\ Expensive \\ \end{tabular} & [14] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Advantages and disadvantages of water disinfection methods. \(10^{8}\)-\(10^{14}\) cm\({}^{-3}\)[29; 30; 31] and the electron-neutral impact energy is not sufficient to reach thermal equilibrium. Consequently, T\({}_{\rm g}\) is close to room temperature [29], T\({}_{\rm e}\) remains in the range of a few electron volts, and only a few watts of power are consumed [32; 33; 34; 35]. NTAPP can be produced in ambient air at standard temperature and pressure with the help of gases such as He, Ne, Ar, O, N, and air; thus, it does not require an expensive vacuum device. It is necessary to supply energy to ionize the gas [36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41]. After ionization, NTAPP is a bulk source of a mixture of various RONS such as OH radicals, superoxide (O\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-}\)), H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\), atomic O, O\({}_{3}\), singlet O (\({}^{1}\)O\({}_{2}\)), nitric oxide (NO), nitrite (NO\({}_{2}\)), nitrate (NO\({}_{3}\)), dinitrogen trioxide (N\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)), dinitrogen pentoxide (N\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)), atomic N; radicals, including charged particles such as ions and electrons; neutral O atoms; UV radiation; and an electric field [42]. NTAPP is a source of different reactive species, including energetic charged particles, O\({}_{3}\), and neutral O atoms as well as various types of radiation, such as UV radiation. When plasma is in contact with water, OH radicals are produced via chemical and physical processes [20; 43; 44]. The energy required to break the molecular bonds to produce these radicals can be provided by excited species and plasma electrons [36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41]. According to 21 st century industrial water trends, new water treatment technologies must be effective, efficient, scalable, versatile, and customizable. These technologies must be able to adapt to new contaminants, reduce energy consumption, maintain or improve the proportionality between power and flow, demonstrate various flow capacities, minimize the transformation of existing infrastructure, prepare for imminent regulations, and tailor chemistry to site-specific requirements [45].