## 1 Introduction  
Aluminum alloys are lightweight materials with the highest percentage of application and usage in the automotive light weighting revolution [1; 2]. In recent years, the application of aluminum alloys in automobiles has been continuously promoted [3; 4; 5; 6] with continuous development and advancement in the preparation and processing of aluminum alloy materials. Due to the addition of different alloying elements to aluminum, the resulting aluminum alloys have different properties and microstructures, and different series of aluminum alloys are applied to different parts of the vehicle according to requirements [7; 8; 9]. Thin-walled material profiles have excellent energy-absorbing properties due to their ability to undergo stable axial deformation; such profiles are often used as safety components in automobiles, such as crash beams, crash boxes, and longitudinal crash beams, and these components are often made of 6 xxx-series aluminum alloys [10; 11]. As crash-resistant components of automobiles, aluminum alloy thin-walled components' crashworthiness is critical to the safe operation of automobiles. To study the energy-absorption mechanisms of 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy thin-walled beams and enhance the crushing energy absorption and crashworthiness of aluminum alloy thin-walled profiles, scholars globally have conducted numerous studies. For example, [PERSON] et al. [12] investigated the effect of thickness gradients on the energy-absorption efficiency and crush capacity of AA6061-O aluminum alloy thin-walled profiles. They found that the introduction of a thickness gradient in the cross-section can increase the energy-absorption efficiency by 30-35% without increasing the initial peak force. [PERSON] et al. [13] investigated the crashworthiness of rectangular tubes using finite element software and found that increasing the wall thickness and decreasing the width can improve the energy-absorption efficiency of rectangular tubes. [PERSON] et al. [14] showed that the introduction of suitably placed cutout holes would result in uniform folding deformation of thin-walled beams, decreasing the peak load while increasing the average load, thus improving the energy-absorption performance. [PERSON] et al. [15] showed that the crashworthiness of thin-walled beams increases with the increase in the number of cells, and the peak load and energy-absorption properties are improved. [PERSON] et al. [16] investigated the crushing behavior of 6061-T6 alloy rectangular tubes and found that by locally introducing discontinuous through-holes, the total energy absorption can be increased by 26.6-74.6%. [PERSON] et al. [17] showed that the crush performance of Al alloy square tubes could be effectively improved by introducing discontinuous through-holes, and that square and rectangular through-holes are the ideal shapes for through-holes. [PERSON] [18] investigated the effects of the shape, size, and number of cutout holes on the crush load of thin-walled beams by performing a combination of experiments and finite element simulations. It was pointed out that the introduction of through-holes can reduce the peak load, and the peak load gradually decreases with the increase in the hole size of the openings. [PERSON] et al. [19] found that increasing the number of concave corners in polygonal tube cross-sections increased the energy-absorbing properties of 606 aluminum alloy rectangular thin-walled tubes, and the maximum compressive crushing stress increased by 11.6% in comparison with thin-walled rectangular tubes of the same material. [PERSON] et al. [20] optimized the cross-sectional dimensions of a 6063-T6 profile using the finite element method, with the optimized profile having 26.7% higher total energy absorption than the initial profile. [PERSON] et al.