## 5 Conclusions
Data are averaged daily GPP from 2000-2014 for the FLUXNET site US- UMB (deciduous broadleaf forest), Figure S2: Spatial distribution of quality assurance values for (a) starting day of GPP (SOG) and (b) ending day of GPP (EOG) in 2014, Figure S3: Sinusoidal MODIS Tile Grid shown in [[https://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODLAND_grid.html](https://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODLAND_grid.html)]([https://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODLAND_grid.html](https://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODLAND_grid.html)) (accessed on 20 May 2021), Figure S4: Spatial patterns of the averaged vegetation photosynthetic phenology (VPP) and MODIS-LSP from 2001 to 2017 for the seven selected tiles. Row represents different tiles. Column represents different VPP and MODIS-LSP. Row1 is H12V03, Row2 is H12V04, Row3 is H18V04, Row4 is H20V07, Row5 is H20V08, Row6 is H23V02, and Row7 is H27V05. Column1 is starting day of GPP (SOG), Column2 is MODIS-SOG, Column3 is ending day of GPP (EOG), and Column4 is MODIS-EOS. Location information for these tiles can be found in Fig.S3, Figure S5: Relationships between length of photosynthesis phenology season (LOG) and annual GPP from the VPM model (Left) and between LOS and annual GPP from the VPM model (Right) for different plant functional types in 2014. Evergreen needle-leaf forest (ENF), deciduous needle/forest (DBF), mixed forest (MF), open shrulands (OSH), savannas (SAV), woody savannas (WSA), grasslands (GRA), wetlands (WET), croplands (CRO), urban and built-up (URB), and cropland/natural vegetation (CNV), Figure S6: Changes in number of pixels along with latitude for different forest types: evergreen needle-leaf forest (ENF), evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF), deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF), and mixed forest (MF), Table S1: Total 145 eddy covariance sites across the northern hemisphere used in this study. Site descriptions include Site Identifier (ID), Latitude (Lat, \(\circ\)), Longitude (Lon, \(\circ\)), Plant Functional Type (PFT), Period of Record, and a reference for each site. PFTs are taken from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) land cover classification scheme. evergreen needle-leaf forest (ENF), deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF), mixed forest (MF), closed shrulands (CSH), open shrulands (OSH), savannas (SAV), woody savannas (WSA), grasslands (GRA), wetlands (WET), and croplands (CRO). Please find more information from [[http://fluxnet.fluxdata.org/](http://fluxnet.fluxdata.org/)]([http://fluxnet.fluxdata.org/](http://fluxnet.fluxdata.org/)) (accessed on 20 May 2021), Table S2: Detailed descriptions of the twenty-eight variables derived from smoothed MODIS EVI and LST data. Conceptualization, X.X. and J.H. ; methodology, X.X. ; validation, X.X. and Y.T. ; data curation, X.X., Y.T., Z.Z. and Y.Q. ; writing--original draft preparation, X.X. and Y.T. ; writing--review and editing, X.X. and J.H. ; funding acquisition, X.X. and J.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (grant No. LY21C030001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31870619, 31570629). Not applicable for studies not involving humans. Not applicable for studies not involving humans or animals. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the author upon reasonable request. This work used eddy covariance data acquired and shared by the FLUXNET community, including these networks: AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP,CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, GreenGrass, ICOS, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux-TERN, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC. The ERA-Interim reanalysis data were provided by ECMWF and processed by LSCE. The FLUXNET eddy covariance data processing and harmonization were carried out by the European Fluxes Database Cluster, the AmeriFlux Management Project, and the Fluxdata project of FLUXNET, with the support of the CDIAC and ICOS Ecosystem Thematic Center and the OzFlux, ChinaFlux, and AsiaFlux offices.