# Mechanical Characterisation and Shrinkage of Thermoactivated Recycled Cement Concrete
## 2 Experimental Programme
### Composition and Production of Recycled Cement Concrete  
For this study, 16 compositions were selected, covering concrete with different incorporation percentages of RCP (0, 15, 30, 40 and 100%), RCC (0, 15 and 30%), NT (0 and 15%) and CF (0, 15 and 30%), as well as w/b between 0.35 and 0.65, as presented in Table 3. The compositions in Table 3 were designated by \"R\", \"P\", \"C\", \"NT\" or \"CF\", for reference  
Figure 3: Particle size distribution of the cements and additions.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Designation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**w/b**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **M\({}_{\text{binder}}\)** \\ **(kg/m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Additions** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **V\({}_{\text{coarse aggregate}}\)** \\ **(L/m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **V\({}_{\text{fine aggregate}}\)** \\ **(L/m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **V\({}_{\text{water}}\)** \\ **(L/m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **SP** \\ **(\% of M\({}_{\text{binder}}\))** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline R35 & 0.35 & 450 & - & 406 & 270 & 157.5 & 0.5 \\ R55 & 0.55 & 360 & - & 400 & 266 & 198 & - \\ R65 & 0.65 & 360 & - & 378 & 252 & 234 & - \\ \hline
5P55 & 0.55 & 360 & 5\%RCP & 399 & 266 & 198 & - \\
15P35 & 0.35 & 450 & 15\%RCP & 404 & 269 & 157.5 & 1.0 (a) \\
15P55 & 0.55 & 360 & 15\%RCP & 399 & 266 & 198 & - \\
15P62 & 0.62 & 360 & 15\%RCP & 384 & 256 & 223.2 & - \\
15P65 & 0.65 & 360 & 15\%RCP & 377 & 252 & 234 & - \\
30P55 & 0.55 & 360 & 30\%RCP & 398 & 266 & 198 & 0.4 \\
40P55 & 0.55 & 360 & 40\%RCP & 394 & 263 & 198 & 1.5 (a) \\
100P65 & 0.65 & 360 & 100\%RCP & 373 & 248 & 234 & 3.8 (a) \\ \hline
15C55 & 0.55 & 360 & 15\%RCC & 398 & 265 & 198 & - \\
30C55 & 0.55 & 360 & 30\%RCC & 397 & 265 & 198 & 0.2 \\ \hline
15 NT55 & 0.55 & 360 & 15\%NT & 397 & 264 & 198 & - \\ \hline
15 CF55 & 0.55 & 360 & 15\%CF & 398 & 265 & 198 & - \\
30 CF55 & 0.55 & 360 & 30\%CF & 396 & 264 & 198 & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Concrete mixture compositions.  
concrete with CEM I and concrete produced with RCP, RCC, NT or CF, respectively. This nomenclature was preceded by the replacement percentage and followed by the w/b of concrete. For 15% incorporation of RCP, an extra concrete was produced with a w/b of 0.62, in order to have the same workability of the reference OPC concrete with a w/b of 0.55 (R55). For the same w/b, SP had to be added in concrete with more than 15% RCP.  
The concrete was produced in a vertical shaft mixer. The aggregates were mixed with part of the water for about 2 min and then rested for about 1 min. Afterwards, the binder was added with the remainder mixing water. For mixtures with low w/b or high incorporation percentages of RCP, the SP was slowly incorporated in the mixture with about 10% of the water, 1 min later after the addition of other components. The total mixing time was about 8 min.