# Road to Efficiency: V2V Enabled Intelligent Transportation System
## 4 V2V Communication Architectures
### Blockchain-Enabled V2V Network  
The infrastructure uses a decentralized blockchain network, with each connected vehicle acting as a node in the network. This decentralized nature eliminates the need for a central authority and enhances transparency [60; 61]. Utilize smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code. Smart contracts facilitate automated and trustless interactions between vehicles in the V2V network. Each V2V communication interaction is treated as a transaction. Transactions, such as safety alerts or traffic information, are verified by consensus mechanisms among the nodes in the blockchain network [62]. Once verified, transactions are recorded in an immutable and transparent ledger. The blockchain ledger ensures the integrity of the data exchanged among vehicles, making it resistant to tampering. While the blockchain records the transactions, vehicles engage in direct peer-to-peer communication for real-time data exchange. The blockchain serves as a secure and verifiable record of these interactions [63]. Implement cryptographic techniques for securing transactions and communication between vehicles.  
Figure 4: Edge Computing-Based V2V Architecture.  
Cryptographic hashes ensure data integrity, while public-key cryptography secures the identity and authenticity of participating vehicles and relies on consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS), for transaction validation. Consensus ensures that only legitimate transactions are added to the blockchain, enhancing security. It provides options for private transactions using techniques like zero-knowledge proofs [64]. This allows vehicles to exchange information while maintaining the privacy and anonymity of involved parties. Blockchain-enabled V2V networks assign pseudonymous identities to vehicles within the network. While transactions are recorded on the blockchain, the real-world identities of the vehicles remain protected. Blockchain ensures the authenticity of traffic alerts and safety messages exchanged between vehicles [65]. Verified alerts improve road safety by preventing false information propagation. Therefore, the record details of accidents or incidents on the blockchain are in an immutable ledger. This information can be crucial for insurance claims, law enforcement, and post-accident analysis. According to Figure 5, the Blockchain-based Intelligent Internet Vehicles Architecture (BI2V) safely addresses IoV security challenges and a vehicle management communication system using two blockchain networks to safeguard vehicle data security and anonymity. The permissioned blockchain facilitates communication between all vehicle authorities, including the parent zonal office, without exposing all zonal offices to communicate the information, as shown in Figure 5. However, the blockchain ledger, a chain of interconnected blocks, acts as a tamper-evident record of transactions and data exchanges. Smart contracts embedded in the blockchain can automate traffic management, such as coordinating traffic flow at intersections or managing priority lanes. The blockchain-enabled V2V network can integrate seamlessly with smart city initiatives, enhancing collaboration with urban infrastructure for more effective traffic management. A token economy is introduced, where participating vehicles earn tokens to contribute valuable data to the network, which could be used for accessing premium services or incentives within the smart city ecosystem.