## 5 Conclusions  
In this review article spanning the timeframe from 2010 to 2023, the examination of RS applications in almond crops has illuminated critical facets shaping the current landscape and charted pathways for future research endeavors. The primary focus on WM management, constituting 41% of the scrutinized studies, underscores the pivotal role of judicious water use in almond cultivation. However, this emphasis reveals a relative oversight of other vital aspects, including disease detection, yield prediction, and phenological studies, thereby signifying untapped opportunities for research diversification within the almond cultivation domain. A second salient observation pertains to the geographical distribution of studies, revealing a substantial concentration in major almond-producing regions, particularly the USA and Spain. This concentration accentuates the need for more comprehensive geographical investigations, extending research into regions experiencing burgeoning almond production, such as Portugal, Turkey, Chile, and Australia. Tailoring RS applications to address regional specificities is imperative, fostering a globally inclusive research agenda that transcends current limitations. A third noteworthy conclusion is the prevalence of RS platforms, with satellites playing a dominant role in 46% of the studies analyzed, followed by UAVs at 32%. Aerial systems, in contrast, featured in only 22% of the studies, showcasing the dynamic landscape of RS technologies. This insight underscoresthe need for continual adaptation to technological advancements, with satellites and UAVs taking center stage in advancing our understanding of almond crop dynamics. Indeed, the continuous improvement in the resolution of satellite images and the flexibility associated with UAVs have been prioritized. Lastly, the prominence of specific sensors constitutes the fourth conclusion, where RGB sensors dominate 40% of the analyzed studies. MSP and TIR sensors also found frequent application, featuring in 30% and 20% of the studies, respectively. In contrast, HSP and LiDAR sensors were less commonly used, appearing in only 7% and 3% of the studies, respectively. This sensor utilization pattern emphasizes the need for a nuanced selection of sensors based on the specific requirements of almond crop studies, paving the way for precision agriculture tailored to the unique characteristics of almond orchards. This comprehensive review not only offers an overview of the current state of RS applications in almond crops but also reveals opportunities for future research exploration. Addressing the identified research gaps, expanding geographical coverage, and embracing technological innovations are pivotal steps for the scientific community to advance the field. Through such endeavors, it is possible to contribute to sustainable and efficient almond cultivation practices on a global scale, ensuring resilience in the face of evolving agricultural challenges and climatic uncertainties. Conceptualization, N.G., J.J.S., L.P. and P.C. ; methodology, N.G. ; software, N.G. ; validation, J.J.S., P.C. and A.B. ; formal analysis, J.J.S. and P.C. ; investigation, N.G. ; resources, N.G. ; data curation, N.G. ; writing--original draft preparation, N.G. ; writing--review and editing, N.G., J.J.S. and L.P.; visualization, N.G. and L.P.; supervision, J.J.S., P.C. and A.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the national funds through FCT--Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UI/BD/150727/2020), under the Doctoral Programme \"Agricultural Production Chains--from fork to farm\" (PD/00122/2012) and from the European Social Funds and the Regional Operational Programme Norte 2020.