# Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Driver Training in the Use of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
## 2 Research Procedure
### Practical Training  
A high-class AS 1200-6 driving simulator for passenger vehicles was used for both training and effectiveness evaluation. The simulator, housed at the Motor Transport Institute, is built around a full-scale, fully operational Opel Astra IV vehicle cabin mounted on a six degrees of freedom motion platform (Figure 2). This configuration allows for the simulation of both angular and linear motions, replicating kinaesthetic sensations, such as braking, acceleration, and turning. A cylindrical screen in front of the cabin offers a 200\({}^{\circ}\) horizontal and 30\({}^{\circ}\) vertical field of view, supported by four overhead projectors. Rear-view mirrors are replaced with three strategically placed monitors. Simulation control and data recording are handled from the operator's station.  
Dedicated software \"SimWorld Scenario Builder (2.10.25.0)\" enables the construction of scenarios covering a range of weather and road conditions. Changes can be made to the time of day, road conditions (e.g., icy and slippery), and precipitation (snow or rain). It is also possible to implement fog or wind. The software offers the possibility to develop scenarios depending on the needs of a given experiment. These can include sections of any road, from non-urban to expressways. Traffic density and the driving style of other vehicles can also be modified.  
The experimental training employed a Highway-Chauffeur-assistant system, incorporating subsystems such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, automated overtaking, and minimum-risk manoeuvring. When the autonomous mode is activated, the system automatically adjusts the speed based on current traffic conditions while maintaining a safe following distance. The system decelerates when the preceding vehicle slows and accelerates when the road ahead is clear. It keeps the vehicle centred in its lane and automatically changes lanes when the turn signal is activated, provided it is safe to do so. The automated overtaking function is initiated by the driver activating the turn signal; once engaged, the system evaluates the surrounding environment and, if conditions are safe, autonomously executes the lane change and overtaking manoeuvre. When the system  
Figure 2: High-class passenger car simulator [40].  
detects a hazardous situation requiring the driver to take control, it generates both visual and auditory warnings to prompt the necessary intervention. If the driver fails to respond to the takeover request, the system may initiate a minimum risk manoeuvre. This involves activating the emergency lights and bringing the vehicle to a complete stop.  
A custom user console was developed to facilitate interaction with the highway assistant. This included a microcontroller board with buttons and indicator LEDs, connected via USB, along with dedicated software for command input. Each LED indicated a specific function, as follows:  
* Green: activate autonomous driving mode;
* Blue: increase cruise control speed by 2 km/h;
* White: decrease cruise control speed by 2 km/h;
* Red: deactivate autonomous driving mode;
* Orange/red blinking: warning--the driver must take control.  
The driving mode status and control prompts were also displayed on the dashboard. During the autonomous mode, the driver could regain control in the following ways:  
* Pressing the brake pedal;
* Pressing the accelerator;
* Pressing the red LED button on the console [41].  
Practical training was conducted in the simulator under the supervision of an instructor. Participants engaged in simulated highway driving, during which they were instructed on system operation, including activation, settings adjustment, and appropriate methods for regaining manual control.