esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Biosynthesis of Rubbellins in _Ramularia collo-cysni_--Genetic Basis and Pathway Proposition
## 2 Results
### Description of the Candidate Rubellin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster  
A gene cluster around the _Pks1_ gene was previously identified by [PERSON] et al., and it exhibits synteny with the monodictyphenone cluster in _A. nidulans_[26]. Based on the phylogenetic study carried out here, the _Pks1_ gene will hereinafter be renamed _rrcG_ as it exhibits similarity with _ClaG_ and _MdpG_. The AntiSMASH [40] online genome analysis tool was interrogated and combined with an in silico genome walking approach to identify a more comprehensive candidate gene cluster that could be involved in rubellin biosynthesis. A protein-protein basic local alignment search tool (BLASTp) [41] analysis was then carried out to confirm homology with genes in known SMs clusters based on reciprocal BLAST. These analyses reveal that several genes in the _rrcG_ cluster also exhibit homology with genes involved in cladofulvin biosynthesis in C. _fulrum_ as well as with genes involved in the monodictyphenone biosynthetic cluster (Figure 3). Furthermore, two new miniclusters were identified on Contig113 and Contig 280. The minicluster on Contig113 contains two genes; one gene is homologous to the Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) _claL_ and _mdpL_ involved in the biosynthesis of cladofulvin and monodictyphenone, respectively, while the  
Figure 2: Phylogenetic analysis of _R. collo-cygni_ nonreducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs). The cladogram was obtained using maximum likelihood on full-length protein sequences with 100 replications and nodal support value cutoff set at 75%. The list of sequences used in this study can be found in Supplementary information Table S1.  
other gene is a putative major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter. The minicluster located on Contig 280 comprises three genes, including a putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), a putative MFS transporter, and a monooxygenase homologous to _mdpD_ in the monodictyphenone biosynthetic cluster. These two miniclusters will be named the _rccL_- and _rccD_ miniclusters in the rest of the manuscript. Seven genes located on the _rccG_ cluster exhibit homology with genes in both the cladofulvin and monodictyphenone biosynthetic clusters. Similarly, the _rccL_ gene located in the _rccL_ minicluster also exhibits homology to genes present in both cladofulvin and monodictyphenone clusters. A further three genes located on the _rccG_ cluster exhibit homology only with genes found in the cladofulvin biosynthetic cluster, whereas the _rccD_ gene exhibit homology only with the _mdpD_ gene found on the monodictyphenone cluster.
The results indicated that this configuration was capable of stable operation under a wide range of operating conditions with an improved COP. In addition, a study was carried out through simulations at a system level for typical operating conditions for a system with the novel module as a desuperheater [21]. The results predicted annual energy savings of up to 11%. From the aforementioned literature review, the aspects covered in previous studies include the determination of optimal operating conditions for charging and discharging processes [14], the possible operating modes and energy contribution of each material in the module [15], the testing of the module at demo scale in a heat pump that works with a sorption system in a cascade configuration [16], the determination of the optimal size of the novel module [18], the determination of stable operation ranges [20], and the performance analysis of a system coupled with the novel concept in comparison with conventional batteries [17]. One critical aspect not addressed in previous studies is the impact of the design/configuration of the modules on their performance, which is covered in this paper. The novel concept of developing compact modules taking advantage of the three-media heat exchange is reported to foster both technical and economic benefits over the conventional integration of PCM into refrigeration, HP, and air conditioning systems. Given its potential, and as a new technology, the open literature lacks in-depth investigations, especially experimental studies. In response to that, this study focuses on characterizing the novel evaporator designs, assessing their performance based on different possible arrangements of the PCM layers, the refrigerant channels, and HTF channels. The novel evaporator-TES modules were developed for compact and direct integration of PCM into refrigeration and air-conditioning applications. In this study, three distinct modules characterized with different configurations/arrangements of the PCM layers between the refrigerant and HTF passages were used. The main characteristics of the modules are as follows: the first module (TES\({}_{1}\)) contains each PCM layer in contact with the refrigerant and HTF channels, the second module (TES\({}_{2}\)) contains every two PCM layers in contact with the refrigerant and HTF channels, and the third module (TES\({}_{3}\)) contains every four PCM layers between the refrigerant and HTF channels. The scope of this paper includes testing the three modules in a dedicated set-up, assessing the impact of the configuration/arrangement of the channels (refrigerant, PCM, and HTF) on their performance as heat exchangers and as TES modules. Thereafter, several key performance indicators (KPIs) related to the evaporator-TES modules were analyzed, such as: the energy storage density, the response to the energy demand side and supply side (charging and the discharging power), the state of charge (SOC) at thermal equilibrium, the effectiveness of the modules, and the COP of the system.
# Quantum Privacy Query Protocol Based on GHZ-like States
## 1 Introduction
where the database owner sends only one quantum state to the user. This type of protocol requires expensive quantum resources and operations, so it is not very easy to implement. In 2016, [PERSON] et al. [15] proposed a protocol based on two non-orthogonal states. This protocol resists external attacks by failing to accurately distinguish between these two non-orthogonal states. In 2018, [PERSON] et al. [16] proposed a scheme based on EPR pairs and single photons, which is resistant to joint measurement attacks. However, most protocols have a security problem. When the querying party has multiple keys, it can launch a joint measurement attack on the database. So, we need to control the number of keys the querying party obtains strictly. Therefore, a protocol for privacy queries based on GHZ-like states is now proposed. In our protocol, the number of keys obtained by [PERSON] can be precisely controlled by [PERSON], so it is sufficiently resistant to joint measurement attacks. Due to the entangled nature of GHZ-like states, the measurement of one of the quantum bits affects the state of all the remaining particles, so this substantial entanglement property will improve the security of our protocol. Then, our protocol resists attacks from dishonest users by secondary authentication. These designs will make our protocol much more secure. The organization of this paper is described below. In Section 2, we present some preliminary work on our protocol. In Section 3, we propose a privacy query protocol based on the GHZ-like states. In Section 4, we provide a functional comparison and security analysis. Finally in Section 5, we give the conclusion.
# L5 IN: Overview of an Indoor Navigation Pilot Project
## 2 L5 IN Project Overview  
As a pilot project, indoor navigation based on 5G New Radio (5G NR) mobile network is being developed and tested in a public building. For the research project the interesting components of the work with the new standard are the improvement of the positioning protocols that were initially implemented in the 4G Long Term Evolution-Advanced standard (4G LTE-A) and were further developed for 5G NR with improved positioning protocols for an increased accuracy in positioning [8; 9]. In addition, the project will focus on the usage of the enhanced mobile broadband user profile (eMBB) with the possibility to send real-time data and larger data files, because of the increased available data rates for up- and downlink [10]. Furthermore, software solutions will be developed to facilitate the creation and integration of navigation maps. The building data will be collected using building information modelling and used for positioning as well as a basis for visualization. The complex building of the HafenCity University Hamburg will be used as a demonstration room.  
The basic idea of 5G-based indoor navigation will be implemented with the existing radio cells of the providers (or their used standard technologies). It is expected that the complete coverage of building with the campus network's radio signal will suffer from the existing building structure and therefore have an impact on the accuracy of the position estimation. Against this background, a technology partnership was planned within the framework of this project, in which an improvement in radio technology is to be achieved that will lead to a significantly higher quality of navigation (X < 2 m). However, the navigation architecture is designed for pedestrians who can still orient themselves visually even with 2 m accuracy.  
In the following section, we present the included work packages of the project and the method in which we tried to achieve the goals for indoor positioning and navigation.
# A Numerical Study on Computational Time Reversal for Structural Health Monitoring
## 3 Computational Time Reversal for Structures
### Signal-to-Noise Ratio  
One of main objectives of this work was the investigation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for various receivers' placement scenarios. Signal-to-noise ratio is a quantity of paramount importance, defined as the value of the image at the true source location divided by the noise, defined here as the maximal value of the image outside a region around the true source location. The parametric study of SNR can give us a directive on the amount of receivers we should need for imaging. Furthermore, it has been found to be very instructive for investigating the optimal sensors' placement together with the quantity we should monitor on each location. For that purpose, two parametric studies have been done, in one-dimensional beam and two-dimensional frame structure.
###### Abstract  
In order to explore the correlation between meteorological factors and power load changes, as well as the role of these factors in load forecasting, a hybrid load forecasting modeling framework based on quantile Granger causality test and bidirectional long short-term memory (QGCT-BiLSTM) is proposed. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF) is used to test the smoothness of the influencing factor series and the load series, and the variables that passed the smoothness test are subjected to QGCT for identification of the characteristic variables with significant causal associations. Furthermore, the BiLSTM model is then constructed using the selected factors to generate load forecasts. Using real data from Fujian, China, we demonstrate that QGCT-based feature screening reduces forecasting errors by an average of 34.96%, where the RMSE, MAE and MAPE are 29.19%, 30.06% and 45.63%, respectively, thereby validating the necessity of causal factor selection. Additionally, single-factor perturbation analysis at seasonal scales quantifies load sensitivity to environmental changes, while geographic-climatic coupling mechanisms explain observed load variation patterns. The results confirm that QGCT-BiLSTM effectively isolates critical meteorological drivers and significantly enhances prediction accuracy compared to conventional approaches, achieving 20.3% lower RMSE and 16.8% lower MAE than LSTM.  
Keywords:load forecasting; quantile Granger causality test; bidirectional long short-term memory +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences
## 4 Implementation and Testing Activities on MDTP
### Specific PDU Tests
#### 4.2.4 Other Testing Activities  
Among the other functionalities conceived to make use of MDTP for data transmissions, creating a subscription to periodic mission status data is one of the most important. In this case, the middleware wants to subscribe to the periodic mission status data sent by a vehicle, so it publishes a PDU under the topic \"request_mission\" to request the vehicle to send the mission status every 5 s. The overall structure of the PDU, as depicted in Figure 14, is oriented to information requests.  
As the vehicle is subscribed to the topic \"request_mission\", it processes the petition and publishes a mission state message (under the topic \"report_mission\") with the corresponding data every 5 s. The answer will provide an identifier with the status of the mission and another identifier for the error. Its overall appearance is displayed in Figure 15.  
The time that it takes the DDS proxy of the AUV to answer the request from the publish-subscription manager of the middleware and send the mission status was measured as varying between 3.75 and 4.60 s. As in test case 1, if several DDS proxy components were started, the request send by the publish-subscription manager reaches all these components almost simultaneously. Interestingly enough, the time required to make the data delivery is only slightly higher than the one required in the first test. Most of the information sent in this test is contained in the DDS header, which is mandatory to correctly implement the defined publish-subscribe mechanism and apply the QoS settings.  
Figure 14: Appearance of the PDU used as a request for periodic mission status data.  
Figure 13: Time measurements for CDT discovery.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c c|} \hline Request Attempt & Time (s) \\ \hline Maximum & 30.67 \\ Minimum & 19.28 \\ Average & 25.4436 \\ Median & 25.855 \\ Standard deviation & 2.24441871 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Most prominent figures obtained from CDT discovery measures.
# CityBuildAR: Enhancing Community Engagement in Placemaking Through Mobile Augmented Reality
## 5 Findings and Discussion
### Can Mobile-AR Tools Like CityBuildAR Replace Traditional Participatory Planning Methods?
Therefore, the feedback highlights that collaboration between planning practitioners and the community using AR is essential for effective placemaking. According to [98], decisions can be made by incorporating the public's knowledge into the decision's calculus. As an example, the local community knows about crimes or traffic problems in a particular area, and that knowledge can be taken into consideration by the planners through participatory planning [99]. The collaboration of traditional aspects and AR apps is effective in communicating the placemaking knowledge with participants easily. Based on the app demonstration, the CityBuildAR app is somewhat difficult for people to understand and navigate, and also, this app only enables individual experience of users, which causes the lack of dialogue and collaborative design of spaces. Accordingly, mobile AR applications like CityBuildAR can be considered as complementary tools rather than a replacement for traditional tools. This AR app excels in visualization and enhancing accessibility to the design process, but it should be leveraged with the professionals' interpretation before the actual implementation process. The study highlights that CityBuildAR has the potential to enhance community engagement. However, when considering placemaking, the necessity of incorporating professional insights into the general public's designs is necessary. It can avoid neglect of important aspects like inclusivity to place, density and diversity of activities, and so on.
# Accurate Collaborative Globally-Referenced Digital Mapping with Standard GNSS
## 3 GNSS Error Analysis
### Error Sources  
The major sources of error in the estimates \(\hat{\mathbf{r}}_{\mathds{R}}\) and \(\delta t_{\mathds{R}}\) are as follows:
## 4 The Proposed Key Distribution Framework
### A Multipath-Multi-Key Distribution Algorithm
#### 4.2.4 Execution Phase  
Since different applications have varying security requirements, implementing a flexible key reconstruction method that allows dynamic adaptation of the number of keys needed for reconstruction can significantly improve key distribution efficiency. This adaptability ensures that the system can meet different security requirements without unnecessary resource expenditure.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Cultivation of R. qingshengii IGTS8 Under Fed-Batch Mode
A one-step process for the production of _Rhodococcus erythropolis_ KA 2-5-1 desulfurizing cells has been reported by [PERSON] et al. [51], who applied a fed-batch process controlled by an expert system which regulated the feeding of a sulfur component. The maximum cell concentration, using glycerol and DBT as the carbon and sulfur sources, respectively, was 45 g/L with a desulfurization activity of 10 mmol 2-HBP/kg DCW/h (corresponding to 10 Units/mg DCW). [PERSON] et al. [25] reported that 25 g DCW/L of _Pseudomonas delafieldii_ R-8 could be produced under the fed-batch mode, with glycerol and DBT/DMSO mixture as the carbon and sulfur sources, respectively. The cells exhibited a specific desulfurization activity of 10.3 mmol (total sulfur)/kg DCW/h. Recently, a continuous cultivation system for _G. alkanivorans_ strain 1B has been proposed by [PERSON] et al. [21] to counteract the inhibition of biodegradation activity by easily metabolized sulfur compounds, simply by adjusting the sulfur (Na\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\))/carbon (fructose) ratio. Biomass production at a steady state was found at 5.14 g DCW/L while the biodegradation activity of the cells accounted for 6.1 mmol 2-HBP/kg DCW/h (corresponding to 6.1 Units/mg DCW). The application of the above conditions to _R. erythropolis_ strain D1 resulted in 2.4 g DCW/L with a biodieselfurization activity of 1.6 mmol 2-HBP/kg DCW/h [21]. Figure 4: Evolution of CDA (\(\bullet\)) and logistic model fitting (solid line) on biomass (\(\Circle\)) evolution during _R. qingshepti_ IGTS8 growth under fed-batch mode. Data are presented until the time point where the maximum biomass concentration was reached. In the majority of the above studies, even though a higher cell concentration was obtained, the cells' desulfurization activity was lower compared with the present study. Moreover, the application of a multi-step procedure (separate steps of growth and induction of CDA) requires additional infrastructures which can increase the capital and the operational cost of industrial application. One of the highest desulfurization activities reported, 135.5 mmol 2-HBP/kg DCW/h (corresponding to 135.5 Units/mg DCW), was achieved when _R. erythropolis_ KA2-5-1 was cultivated under a fed-batch mode, with ethanol and DBT as the carbon and sulfur sources, respectively, at 144 h of cultivation with a cell concentration of 37 g DCW/L [49]. By changing the sulfur source to 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, a lower cell concentration was achieved (20 g DCW/L) in a shorter time (86 h) with a specific desulfurization activity of 111 mmol of 2-HBP/kg DCW/h (corresponding to 111 Units/mg DCW) [50].
## 6 Discussion and Implications
### Implications  
This study significantly contributes to consumer behavior and technology acceptance by investigating the interplay between Augmented Reality (AR) and consumer willingness to pay for cultural heritage products. It extends current theoretical models, specifically the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and flow theory, by applying them within a novel context--AR-enhanced shopping experiences for cultural heritage goods. By empirically demonstrating that AR's unique characteristics (immersion, interactivity, and aesthetic quality) positively influence perceived ease of use and flow experience, which in turn affect consumer purchase intentions, the study provides a deeper understanding of how AR can be strategically utilized to enhance user engagement and perceived value. This aligns with and expands upon existing research that underscores the importance of technological interactivity and vividness in influencing consumer behavior. Importantly, this research addresses a gap in the literature concerning the economic implications of AR in cultural and heritage contexts, offering actionable insights for practitioners looking to leverage AR technologies to boost economic outcomes. Further, the research proposes practical applications of marketing and technology deployment in the field of cultural heritage.  
The level of consumer immersion in AR is determined not only by their subjective perception but also by the capabilities of AR technology [71]. AR technology can effectively enhance cultural heritage products' market appeal and economic benefits. By designing AR experiences rich in historical value and product uniqueness, the accessibility and interactivity of the product can be enhanced. This not only deepens consumers' understanding and appreciation of the product but also justifies its premium price. In addition, AR technology facilitates virtual try-ons, promotes instant purchase decisions, and increases sales conversion rates. At the same time, providing downloadable AR content continues the user experience and extends the brand-consumer interaction cycle, potentially inspiring subsequent purchases or word-of-mouth. In addition, AR, as a featured selling point in the marketing strategy of cultural heritage products, combined with the spreading effect of user-generated content (UGC), can significantly expand market influence. By combining AR augmentation with consumer expectations and modern digital habits, cultural heritage organizations can significantly increase their visibility, customer engagement, and financial returns.
# Machine-Learning-Based Side-Channel Evaluation of Elliptic-Curve Cryptographic FPGA Processor
## 6 Results and Discussion
### Hyper-Parameter Tuning  
Based on the analysis so far, the best-performing combination of filters and classifier is selected, and different parameters are tuned for LB4. The parameters used for analysis, using four classification algorithms, are discussed below.  
The parameters tuned for RF are the number of trees and the number of features per tree. Experimental results show that with 90 trees within the forest, the highest accuracy of approximately 89.4%, is achieved. The accuracy decreases if the number of trees is increased or decreased beyond 90. Therefore, 90 trees are selected for further analysis, and number of features per tree are changed, when it is observed that maximum accuracy is obtained when the number of features per tree is 30, as shown in Figure 12.  
In NB, two important parameters are kernel estimator and supervised discretization. It was observed that turning on kernel estimator gives an accuracy of 86.77%. However, accuracy is increased if supervised discretization mode is turned on.  
For SVM, gamma is changed to see the effect on accuracy. As SVM uses nonlinear kernel functions, so a lower gamma value means low bias and high variance. It is seen that with higher values of gamma, the accuracy decreases as can be seen from Figure 13.  
For any neural network, the two most important parameters to analyze are the change of learning rate and the batch size. For this analysis, the number of neurons is fixed, and one hidden layer is used. Learning rate is the rate of training with which the model is trained, and the batch size is the number of samples that are given to the model for one training period. It was observed that the batch size does not have any effect on the accuracy. However, the model is trained best with learning rate of 0.01, as can be seen from Figure 13.  
Figure 11: Timing Results for model building for LB2, LB3 and LB4.