# Multilayered Network Model for Mobile Network Infrastructure Disruption
## 3 Proposal of Multilayered Network Model for Mobile Network Infrastructure Disruption
### DRONET Layer  
DRONET layer is composed of UAVs, also called drones. This layer in MNM is playing the role of back-up or backbone network. The reason is that MANET networks could split into subnetworks because of nodes mobility. Therefore, some MANET subnetworks could end-up without connectivity for functional AP. The main idea is to cover MANET subnetworks with UAVs of DRONET layer. With appropriate communication technologies of the DRONET layer it is possible to transfer urgent data over long distances from one MANET subnetwork to another with functional Access Point.  
To perform such functionality, UAVs needs to support two protocol stacks. For DRONET communication, it is possible to use Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11 with appropriate MANET routing protocol to communicate with MANET nodes on the ground. For the communication between UAVs, it is possible to establish WiMAX IEEE 802.16 [27] communication with WiMAX routing protocol. This solution of two communication standards can overcome the interference of DRONET UAV's with MANET nodes. The WiMAX standard for the single-carrier modulation air interface, also known as WirelessMAN-SC [28], operates in the 10-66 GHz band with typical channel bandwidths of 25 MHz or 28 MHz. The raw data rates excesses 120 Mbps. In practice, the drone can carry the Raspberry Pi single-board computer with both Wi-Fi and WiMAX modules.  
The assumption for the functionality of the DRONET network in MNM is the presence of a central point, which in this case will represent the so-called dock. Like MANET nodes, UAVs has also limited energy resources. Therefore, after some time it is necessary to replace used UAV by another UAV with a fully charged battery. The dock in MNM will serve as the headquarters for the DRONET network abilities to organize UAVs, replace fresh UAVs with drained UAVs and charge them or sends them to the required locations of the operation area.  
Therefore, the dock will implement WiMAX communication technology. Beside UAVs organizing, the dock will also perform energy-intensive operations, such as clustering. Clustering will be required for the division of MANET nodes into clusters which will be covered by DRONES. This approach will be discussed in the followed section. An example of a such a dock for UAVs was presented in [5].  
Figure 2: Frequency channels of Wi-Fi IEEE802.11 and ZigBee IEEE802.15.4 [6].  
[PERSON] et al. (2020) show that the most prefered communication technology for DRONET network is Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11. It could be used for UAV to UAV communication technology as well as UAV to MANET nodes on the ground. However, for the communication between UAVs, it is possible to establish WiMAX IEEE 802.16 communication with WiMAX routing protocol ([PERSON] et al., 2020). This solution of two communication standards can overcome the interference of DRONET UAV's with MANET nodes, which can be useful with the large number of MANET nodes in the network. To perform such functionality, UAVs needs to support two protocol stacks. Therefore, it is possible to use Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11 with appropriate MANET routing protocol to communicate with MANET nodes on the ground, and WiMAX with an appropriate routing protocol to communicate among UAVs.  
The WiMAX standard for the single-carrier modulation air interface, also known as WirelessMAN-SC ([PERSON] et al., 2020), operates in the 10-66 GHz band with typical channel bandwidths of 25 MHz or 28 MHz. The raw data rates excesses 120 Mbps. In practice, the drone can carry the Raspberry Pi single-board computer with both Wi-Fi and WiMAX modules.