## 1 Introduction  
MANETs involve several mobile nodes which have been deployed to collaborate together without guidance from a centralized network. The dual character of being a source and an access point is exhibited by nodes. This feature helps for multiple uses, including public networks, emergency regulation, armed forces, and rehabilitation services. The flexible geometrical instabilities, including power requirements, throughput, and delay, have an effect on overall reliability. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) operate in a decentralized and constantly changing environment where the nodes are typically battery-powered and have limited energy sources. This makes energy consumption a critical concern in MANETs, as it can lead to node failures that impact the entire network. If a node exhausts its battery, it increases the likelihood of network partitioning, which can be detrimental to the network's longevity. Therefore, to extend the MANET's lifespan, energy-efficient approaches must be considered to reduce network energy consumption. One such method is to optimize energy utilization by making best use of leftover energy. By doing so, the energy depletion can be avoided, and the likelihood of network partitioning can be minimized. Deploying the methods described above shall help in decreasing energy depletion, but the lifetime of the network still becomes a question. Collision, traffic delays, and integrity risks are the key concerns in such topologies. MANETs are properly implemented as per their necessities in order to combat these concerns and therefore increase reliability. Nonetheless, a robust route election strategy is crucial to determine the best path in packet forwarding because typical route opinions cannot meet the QoS functionalities [1]. To enhance the longevity of sensor nodes and networks, methods for energy preservation are often implemented to minimize energy usage. The literature has classified energy preservation strategies into three major categories: duty cycling, data-driven, and mobility-driven methods. Duty cycling aims to decrease idle listening when the node's radio is waiting for frames in vain, as well as overhearing when nodes remain active while listening to irrelevant frames. Data-driven methods employ certain data parameters to make energy-efficient communication decisions, while mobility-driven approaches consider the mobility of sink or relay nodes as a factor influencing network energy consumption. All the methods help in increasing the lifetime of a MANET, but they fail to address the critical issue of energy depletion. Routing algorithms are developed by considering the node's unique addresses for forming the path between source and destination with numerous relay nodes. Regarding packet forwarding, such algorithms are either unicast or multicast. Unicast forwarding will distribute the packet to a single destination at a period, whereas multicast forwarding will share the packet to multiple destinations simultaneously [2; 3]. Multicast channels of communication are introduced in all the layers of a given MANET. According to this communication, the throughput, node's ability, power consumption, and forwarding latency are decreased. However, the modern real-world MANET enables multicast communication services for packet forwarding [4]. To accomplish this, a multicast tree has been constructed for forwarding the packets from an origin to the different destinations separately. Such scenarios would need the delay-sensitive multicast algorithms if latency criteria of the desired multicast services were ensured with the particular trust ranges, i.e., a specified quantity of packets with the minimum delay. A handful of research was found in the literature which addresses the issue of latency in multicast routing for enhancing the effectiveness of the network. In [5], the authors have proposed DSM for enhancing the throughput in multi-rate MANETs.