# Design and Applications of GLANCE: GLanceable Alarm Notification for a User Centered Experience
## 3 Results of the 1 st Macro-Phase: The GLANCE Project
### First Iteration: Dealing with Individual Alarms
#### 3.1.1 Definition of the Abstract Model and Application to the Organizational Situation
In order to not violate user expectations, color coding conforms to the standard severity/color association used in the network management application domain (cleared/green, warning/blue, minor/yellow, major/orange, and critical/red). It has to be observed that in any case additional coding mechanisms (textual, auditory, and possibly haptic cues) are used in association to colors to guarantee a correct display interpretation to users with color vision diseases: The synthetic component also displays the severity level as a textual label, the detailed component conforms to different LODs depending on the severity level (e.g., no icons are used for LOD1), and distinct dynamic (animation, auditory, and haptic) stimuli are used to grab the correct level of user's attention depending on the severity level. _GLANCE transition strategy._ The basic idea behind GLANCE is that low severity notifications have to remain in a pre-attentive stage of the human brain, while high severity notifications must interrupt ongoing activities. The second component of GLANCE is hence an attention capture mechanism used to determine how the notification display shifts from ambient to alerting, i.e., from visual periphery to foveal vision, and vice versa, and how to control awareness, and later processing. Since the display is located in the visual periphery, such a mechanism has to be based on dynamic stimuli (e.g., animation) depending on the severity level and stages of human attention. Studies show that human attention may be divided into three main zones [38]: In the zone of _inattention_, objects may affect behavior though not directly available for conscious awareness; in the zone of _divided attention_, where users' attention is distributed over a number of distinct objects; and finally, in the zone of _focused attention_, where all users' attentional resources are concentrated onto only one stimulus (Figure 5). Based on this attention model, it is straightforward to consider \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**LOD** & **Severity Level** & **Schema Attributes** \\ \hline LOD1 & cleared, warning & temporal data, network, NE id, cause \\ LOD2 & minor, major & temporal data, network, NE id, class, object, cause \\ LOD3 & critical & temporal data, network, NE id, class, object, cause, location, sub-location \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Level-Of-Detail (LOD) defined as association between severity level and schema attributes. Figure 3: First GLANCE general abstract schema: (**a**) The three components and (**b**) how alarm information is mapped onto the synthetic and detailed component. three notification levels (low, medium, and high), and correspondingly three transition types, associated to the three zones of human attention. It is also advisable to foresee a fourth notification level in which not only users reach the zone of focused attention, but they also perform some acknowledgement action. In GLANCE we adopt the transition framework proposed and validated in [38] (Table 5), where the four levels are denoted _change-blind_ (information of marginal importance to be notified so to consume no conscious awareness), _make-aware_ (information directed to divided attention, of which user has to be made aware), _interrupt_ (information directed to focal attention, demanding interruption from current tasks), and _demand-attention_ (notification with the highest urgency that has to distract the user from the primary task until an action is done). The third column in Table 5 shows how display updates are associated with visual/auditory stimuli of different types based on consolidated literature results (surveyed and structured in [38]) guaranteeing to the notifier the correct behavior of change-blind/ambient/alerting system based on the severity level (in case of usage on mobile devices, distinct auditory and haptic stimuli of increasing intensity are to be considered for each level).