## 3 Data and Methods
### Data and Variables
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dimension** & **Acronym** & **Indicator** & **Unit of Measure** & **Source** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{User adoption} & \multirow{2}{*}{AMBS} & \multirow{2}{*}{Active mobile-broadband} & Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants & ITU [43] \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & Households with internet & \multirow{2}{*}{\%} & ITU [43] \\  & & & access at home & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{INDIV} & \multirow{2}{*}{Individuals} using the & \multirow{2}{*}{\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{ITU [43]} \\  & & & Internet, total & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & MOBS & Mobile-cellular & Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants & ITU [43] \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & Fixed broadband & Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants & ITU [43] \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & Fixed broadband & Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants & ITU [43] \\ \cline{3-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Infrastructure} & \multirow{2}{*}{POP3G} & Population covered by at & \multirow{2}{*}{\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{ITU [43]} \\  & & & least a 3G mobile & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & network & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Infrastructure} & \multirow{2}{*}{INTBAND} & International bandwidth & \multirow{2}{*}{kbit/s} & \multirow{2}{*}{ITU [43]} \\  & & & per internet user & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Affordability} & FIXTAR & Fixed-broadband basket & PPP\$ & ITU [45] \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & MOBTAR & Mobile-cellular & \multirow{2}{*}{PPP\$} & \multirow{2}{*}{ITU [45]} \\  & & & low-usage basket & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Environmental performance} & \multirow{2}{*}{Air emissions} & \multirow{2}{*}{GHG} & Annual greenhouse gas & \multirow{2}{*}{CO\({}_{2}\) equivalents} & \multirow{2}{*}{IEA [46]} \\  & & & emissions & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & Renewable & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & energy & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & Share of energy from & \multirow{2}{*}{\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{Eurostat [47]} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & renewable sources & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: Own processing, 2024.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Data information. The relative weighting of these dimensions within the overall index was meticulously determined based on an extensive review of existing literature, with specific reference to the values assigned to the underlying indicators across multiple empirical studies [48; 49; 50]. These studies provided a robust framework for understanding the structural composition of digitalization and guided the methodological approach in assigning appropriate weights to each dimension. By incorporating these well-established methodologies, the study ensures a nuanced and precise measurement of digital transformation, enabling a more accurate evaluation of its impact on the environmental performance of these emerging economies. In light of the research objectives, the proposed econometric model will incorporate the three dimensions of the digitalization index--infrastructure, affordability, and user adoption--as the primary explanatory variables. These dimensions are critical to understanding the multifaceted nature of digital transformation and its potential influence on environmental outcomes. The model will further utilize two key indicators of environmental performance--greenhouse gas emissions and the percentage of energy derived from renewable sources--as dependent variables. These indicators have been selected based on their relevance and capacity to capture the broader environmental impact of digitalization within emerging economies. To provide a comprehensive foundation for the subsequent analysis, descriptive statistics for all variables involved in the model have been meticulously calculated and are presented in Table 2. These statistics offer an essential overview of the data, highlighting the central tendencies, variability, and distributional properties of both the explanatory and dependent variables.