# AI Governance in Higher Education: Case Studies of Guidance at Big Ten Universities
## 4 Results
### Multi-Unit Governance of AI
#### Teaching and Learning  
These units are university departments committed to providing various services and solutions to enhance teaching and learning practices. With the grand objective of supporting teaching and learning, some of these departments also emphasize the role of technology in empowering students and instructors:  
_The ITS Office of Teaching, Learning, and Technology provides expertise, tools, and services to optimize teaching and learning through learning sciences research, ICON, teaching and learning data, and advanced classroom and instructional technology._--U Iowa  
Naturally, these units aim to provide guidelines for faculty to understand GenAI and how it can impact their teaching practices. As teaching is a core activity for universities, these guidelines involve a diverse list of implications of AI, covering the benefits of personalized learning, ethical issues with education equity, and long-term impact on higher education. We summarized three common approaches the guidelines take to shape responsible AI behaviors among faculty:  
Emphasize the Need to Learn about GenAI  
These guidelines provide a useful introduction to GenAI and related concepts in the format of text or video. Faculty are encouraged to learn more about the benefits and limitations of GenAI not only by reading and viewing these resources but also by experimenting with AI tools:  
_Learn what AI tools can and cannot do by reading up on these tools and experimenting with them before incorporating an AI tool into a class activity or restricting its use._--  
Rutgers U  
'Frequently asked questions' is a commonly used format to describe how AI could be appropriately used by faculty, e.g., \"What are some examples of assessments that incorporate AI tools?\". While Teaching and Learning attempts to help faculty learn the implications of AI in a broad range of aspects, Ohio State also points out that \"much of what we know about Generative AI applications and AI language models will shift over time\". Therefore, these guidelines emphasize that faculty need to take active actions to become more knowledgeable on AI technology. Example-Based Recommendations  
In addition to learning about GenAI, these AI guidelines make recommendations for faculty to modify their teaching practices to address potential issues brought by AI. These recommendations cover the full cycle of education delivery, including course preparation, class management, assignment design, and grading methods, with examples to follow. The examples aim to help faculty integrate AI in teaching and regulate AI usage among students. Importantly, they also highlight the fact that efforts are needed to ensure the essential objectives of teaching are not disrupted by the existence of AI tools:  
_Consider developing assignments that require students to use higher-order thinking, connect concepts to specific personal experiences, cite class readings and discussions, and make innovative connections. These types of prompts are more difficult for students to answer using AI tools._--U Nebraska  
Responsibilities for Guiding Student Usage  
Teaching and Learning mostly provide guidance for faculty and instructors. By doing so, it also delegates the responsibilities of guiding students to the faculty. Specifically, the guidelines recommend instructors to \"develop clear policies for each course\" that specify whether and when AI usage is allowed, communicate expectations with students in \"inclusive, student-centered language\", and \"include time for ethics discussions\" that help students to not only use AI properly but also learn the implications of using AI. Another important responsibility for faculty is to protect academic integrity as GenAI is generally considered a threat to academic integrity. Instead of simply restricting or punishing the use of GenAI, the guidelines encourage faculty to foster a positive mindset and emphasize the values of academic integrity for students.