## 4 Discussion  
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of various group exercise programs on anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and lipid status in young women. All three experimental groups had statistically significant increases in key health indices, demonstrating the efficacy of structured aerobic exercise. These findings are consistent with prior research that has confirmed the importance of physical activity in improving cardiovascular health, lipid profiles, and overall physical fitness [46]. All training sessions lasted 45 min, with exercise intensity ranging from 60% to 85% of maximal heart rate, which allowed for adequate stimulation of body systems without the risk of overtraining. After the program implementation, a reduction in body weight, waist circumference, body fat percentage, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides was recorded, while muscle mass and HDL increased simultaneously. Statistically significant reductions were observed in all skinfolds, as well as in BMI, which also showed a decrease in the final measurement compared to the initial state, further confirming the effectiveness of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders and the preservation of muscle mass, which is particularly important for young women. Given that the participants in the control group were not involved in physical activity during the study, it was not expected that any significant changes would occur in the measured parameters, further validating the efficacy of the tested programs in inducing positive changes. The results of this study showed significant changes in anthropometric parameters in participants who participated in different group fitness programs. In all experimental groups, body weight and waist circumference decreased, with the most significant changes observed in the mix aerobics group (\(-\)6.53% for body weight and \(-\)9.00% for waist circumference), followed by the kickboxing aerobics group (\(-\)5.99% for body weight and \(-\)8.09% for waist circumference), while the smallest changes were noted in the step aerobics group (\(-\)5.81% for body weight and \(-\)6.76% for waist circumference). Similar findings were reported by [PERSON] et al. [47], who emphasized that aerobic training leads to significant reductions in body weight and waist circumference in women of various age groups. The results of our study are also consistent with the studies of [PERSON] et al. [48] and [PERSON] [49], which confirmed the effectiveness of various forms of aerobic training in reducing body weight in women. Studies by [PERSON] et al. [50] and [PERSON] et al. [30] showed that programmed aerobic training leads to a reduction in waist circumference in women, further supporting the findings of this study. Regarding skinfolds, significant differences were observed in the final measurement compared to the initial measurement in all three groups. In the group practicing mix aerobics, the thigh skinfold decreased by \(-\)15.74%, the upper arm skinfold by \(-\)26.42%,and the abdominal skinfold by \(-26.44\%\). In the group practicing kickboxing aerobics, the following changes were recorded: the thigh skinfold decreased by \(-14.48\%\), the upper arm skinfold by \(-26.50\%\), and the abdominal skinfold by \(-20.53\%\). The group practicing step aerobics showed the following results: the thigh skinfold decreased by \(-13.82\%\), the upper arm skinfold by \(-22.04\%\), and the abdominal skinfold by \(-21.34\%\). These results clearly indicate the effectiveness of all these aerobic programs in reducing subcutaneous fat tissue. The results of our research align with the findings of [PERSON] et al. [51], who also emphasized the importance of aerobic exercises in reducing subcutaneous fat, where the upper arm skinfold decreased by \(-20.21\%\), and the abdominal skinfold decreased by \(-15.70\%\), confirming the positive effects of the applied aerobic programs.