# Cephalometric Evaluation of Facial Height Ratios and Growth Patterns: A Retrospective Cohort Study
## 4 Discussion  
In our retrospective cohort study, we aimed to explore the cephalometric parameters related to FHR and growth patterns, offering insights into the intricate relationship between various anthropometric measurements and craniofacial morphology. The vertical development of the mandible plays a pivotal role in determining facial harmony, with mandibular rotation significantly impacting facial patterns [27]. Previous studies have examined growth patterns in diverse malocclusions and populations, but it is crucial to acknowledge that the substantial differences in facial morphology prevent the indiscriminate generalization of findings across diverse racial and ethnic groups [28]. Hence, our study focused on assessing the relationships between facial height and growth patterns specifically within the population of Timis County. Our study found an important connection between FHR and growth patterns. Based on FHR, we put people into three groups: hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent. This gave us useful information about how faces grow and develop. We found that the molar connection and the sagittal skeletal relationship were strongly correlated and that vertical growth patterns had a considerable impact on an individual's facial height, which is in line with the findings of [PERSON] et al. [13]. By dividing participants into three main groups based on [PERSON]'s classification, we were able to assess the parameters of the vertical growth pattern more comprehensively, but an evaluation of the relationship between the anteroposterior dental arch and jaw base relationships revealed that [PERSON]'s classification of malocclusion alone cannot fully reveal the degree of dentofacial deformity [29]. [PERSON]'s ratio, determining anterior and posterior facial proportions, revealed intriguing insights. In our study, Class I malocclusion exhibited 33.3% hyperdivergent, 61.5% normodivergent, and 33.3% hypodivergent growth patterns, differing with findings by [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. [13; 30]. Notably, we observed a higher prevalence of normodivergent individuals in molar Class I, contrasting with a lower prevalence in molar Class II, suggesting a potential correlation between molar class and growth pattern. This emphasizes the importance of considering both dental and skeletal factors in assessing facial morphology. Our results were similar to those of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18], who said that normodivergent growth patterns were common in Class I. However, our study also showed that normodivergent growth patterns were more common in skeletal Class I subjects, which could be due to differences in race. Numerous factors and demographic traits directly impact the growth of the musculoskeletal system, as noted in other types of craniofacial diseases [31]. Our study delved into gender disparities within growth pattern distributions, revealing a higher proportion of females among hyperdivergent and hypodivergent group individuals, while the normodivergent group displayed more balanced gender distributions, albeit not statistically significant. Detecting subtle gender-related differences in growth patterns may require larger sample sizes for accuracy. In the past, research by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32], [PERSON] et al. [33], and [PERSON] et al. [26] showed that PFH and AFH are different between males and females, with females having a smaller PFH. In our study, we saw a link between PFH and Jarabak's ratio in the hypo