# Mechanized Grape Harvest Efficiency
## Materials and Methods  
### Terrain Conditions  
The research was focused on selected vineyards of the company Pivnica Radosina s. r. o situated in the district of Piesf'any (Slovak Republic). The Nitra wine-growing region is in the western part of the country and the vineyards are situated behind the company Pivnica Radosina (GPS coordinates: 48.55449 N 17.92922 E), oriented south. They reach a slope of 3-7% and fall under the wine-growing district Radosina (Figure 1). The long-term average of total atmospheric precipitation at a selected precipitation measuring station in Slovakia (Piesf'any Weather Station) for the period 1989-2018 was 563.6 mm. The year 2017 was very warm in Slovakia (especially in western Slovakia) and in terms of the amount of atmospheric precipitation was within normal (524 mm). In Slovakia in 2017, the territorial annual average rainfall reached 827 mm. The average territorial air temperature in Slovakia was 8.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while the deviation from the normal in 1961-1990 was +1.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The total atmospheric precipitation at a selected precipitation measuring station near the site of interest was at the level of 499.7 mm in 2018 (representing 88.7% of the long-term average). At most selected stations, the total precipitation for 2018 was lower compared to the long-term average for the period 1989-2018. The average territorial air temperature in Slovakia was 8.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The altitude of the weather station for data collection was 163 a.s.l [17]. The southern orientation of the vineyards and the limestone-dolomitic subsoil make the Burgundy vine varieties, which have been grown here since time immemorial, stand out. Thanks to the deep soils with the already mentioned limestone-dolomite subsoil, the wines have a unique, unmistakable taste. The planting of the vineyard consists of originally grown traditional varieties Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon, Tramin, Riesling, Zweigeltrebe, Svatovavrinecke, Alibernet. They have also planted varieties from the ranks of Slovak new nolles in the given company, namely Danube, Nitra, Rosa, and Hetera. The total area of vineyards of interest is 33 ha. In a winery of interest, we focused on the evaluation of mechanized harvesting of three different varieties of Vitis Vinifera Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, and Tramin Red. The characteristic input parameters of the vineyards are given in Table 1.  
Figure 1: Map of the area of interest, with 1 denoting the location of the vineyards (right, cellar, 2020): (**a**) Description of study area with specific region highlights; (**b**) Detailed picture of study area of vineyards. Pinot Gris variety. It comes from France, where it was widespread, especially in the Champagne region, and reached the countries of Germany, Switzerland, and Central European. In our country, it is grown on approximately 100 ha, which represents 0.66% of the planting area of the vineyard. It has been registered since 1941. Frost resistance is good; similarly, it has good drought resistance. It springs moderately early, and blooms in the first decade of June. It has medium to high demands on position. The warm southern and southwestern slopes are very suitable. It likes deep and nutritious soils. Clay soils are very suitable, on which a larger number of extractives is formed. The variety can be grown on medium and high lines with a cut on the pull. In the vineyard in the company Pivnica Radosina, it was planted on an area of 9 ha (4200 individuals-ha\({}^{-1}\)) [18]. Pinot Noir variety. Pinot Noir, otherwise known as Burgundy White, has its origins in French viticulture. This variety undoubtedly belongs to our vineyards and if it meets its growing requirements, the quality of wines will satisfy even the most demanding growers and consumers. Wines from this variety have a neutral taste. Pinot Noir ripens in the middle period and in most vintages, there are usually no problems with ripening grapes. This variety requires the best locations.