## 3 Results
### Sitophililus oryzae  
Significant differences were noted among the five DE formulations at all intervals (Table 4). As above, morality was extremely low for DE1, DE2 and DE3 even after 21 d of exposure. After 7 d of exposure, mortality rates for DE5 and DE6 at 200 and 500 ppm were low, with no significant differences among treatments (\(<\)16%), but increased at 1000 ppm (\(>\)30%). At longer exposure periods, mortality rates continued to rise for all DE and doses. Finally, only with the highest dose (1000 ppm) mortality exceeded 80 and 90% at DE5 and DE6, respectively (Table 4).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Dose** & **200 ppm** & **500 ppm** & **1000 ppm** \\ \hline
7 d & DE1 & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Ba & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Ca & \(1.6\pm 0.8\) Ba \\  & DE2 & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Ba & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Ca & \(1.1\pm 0.7\) Ba \\  & DE3 & \(1.1\pm 0.7\) Ba & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Ca & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Ba \\  & DE5 & \(5.0\pm 2.2\) Ab & \(8.8\pm 1.6\) Bb & \(33.3\pm 4.2\) Aa \\  & DE6 & \(8.3\pm 1.6\) Ab & \(16.6\pm 2.3\) Ab & \(41.1\pm 4.3\) Aa \\ \hline
14 d & DE1 & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Ba & \(1.6\pm 1.1\) Ca & \(3.3\pm 1.6\) Ba \\  & DE2 & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Ba & \(2.2\pm 1.4\) Ca & \(3.3\pm 1.1\) Ba \\  & DE3 & \(2.7\pm 1.2\) Ba & \(2.2\pm 1.4\) Ca & \(2.7\pm 1.2\) Ba \\  & DE5 & \(2.3\pm 4.2\) Ab & \(31.1\pm 3.7\) Bb & \(68.3\pm 4.8\) Aa \\  & DE6 & \(25.5\pm 4.7\) Ac & \(48.8\pm 5.7\) Ab & \(74.4\pm 5.3\) Aa \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Mean (% \(\pm\) SE) mortality of _S. oryzae_ adults after exposure for 7, 14 and 21 d on wheat treated with DE at three doses (means within each row followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different; means within each column for the same exposure followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different; HSD test at 0.05) *.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Dose** & **200 ppm** & **500 ppm** & **1000 ppm** \\ \hline
7 d & DE1 & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Bb & \(2.7\pm 0.8\) BCab & \(5.0\pm 1.6\) BCa \\  & DE2 & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Ba & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Da & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Da \\  & DE3 & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Ba & \(0.5\pm 0.5\)Ca & \(1.1\pm 0.7\)Ca \\  & DE5 & \(3.8\pm 1.1\) Aa & \(5.5\pm 1.3\) Aa & \(6.6\pm 1.4\) Ba \\  & DE6 & \(3.3\pm 1.1\) Ab & \(3.8\pm 1.3\) ABb & \(35.0\pm 3.1\) Aa \\ \hline
14 d & DE1 & \(1.1\pm 0.7\) Bb & \(3.3\pm 0.8\) BCab & \(5.5\pm 1.5\) Ca \\  & DE2 & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Ba & \(1.1\pm 1.1\) BCa & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Ca \\  & DE3 & \(1.1\pm 0.7\) Ba & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Ca & \(1.6\pm 0.8\) Ca \\  & DE5 & \(7.2\pm 2.2\) Ab & \(8.8\pm 2.3\) Ba & \(14.4\pm 1.9\) Ba \\  & DE6 & \(6.1\pm 2.0\) Ac & \(22.2\pm 1.3\) Ab & \(72.2\pm 4.6\) Aa \\ \hline
21 d & DE1 & \(1.1\pm 0.7\) Bb & \(3.8\pm 0.7\) Cab & \(5.5\pm 1.5\) Ca \\  & DE2 & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Ba & \(1.6\pm 1.1\) Ca & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) Da \\  & DE3 & \(1.1\pm 0.7\) Ba & \(0.5\pm 0.5\) Ca & \(1.6\pm 0.8\) Ca \\  & DE5 & \(10.0\pm 1.6\) Ab & \(14.4\pm 2.4\) Ba & \(20.0\pm 1.6\) Ba \\  & DE6 & \(10.5\pm 2.1\) Ac & \(35.5\pm 6.2\) Ab & \(88.8\pm 2.6\) Aa \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Mean (% \(\pm\) SE) mortality of _T. confusum_ adults after exposure for 7, 14 and 21 d on wheat treated with DE at three doses (means within each row followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different; means within each column for the same exposure followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different; HSD test at 0.05) *.