## 5 Discussion  
### General Discussions and Practical Applications  
From a theoretical perspective, the proposed framework contributes to bridging a critical gap in the literature by offering a structured and integrative approach to XR deployment for safety management. While most existing studies present isolated use cases or conceptual models, this work systematizes findings from previous research and aligns them with methodological principles drawn from Construction 4.0, human-machine interactions, and digital transformation. It also provides a new lens for understanding safety as a multidimensional and dynamic process that evolves throughout the lifecycle of construction projects. On the practical side, the framework offers a replicable and adaptable strategy that practitioners can implement in diverse project settings. Its modular  
Figure 38: Example of daily inspection of CPEs. design facilitates integration into existing digital workflows (e.g., BIM, Lean, ISO 45001 compliance), while the illustrative examples serve as a bridge between academic insight and field applications. The framework supports decision-making, risk anticipation, and stakeholder engagement through immersive visualization and simulation capabilities--functions increasingly demanded in modern construction environments. The proposed framework for an extended reality solution for holistic safety management in construction represents an alternative to contribute to the reduction of accidents on the construction site with a view to achieving zero accidents. Although an XR deployment such as the one shown integrates different disciplines, uses, stages and efforts within the projects, this is a reliable alternative, even more so given the digitalisation trends in the sector. It is relevant to discuss the practical applicability of the proposal and its potential impact. * Implementation efforts. The development and implementation efforts of an XR environment for safety management appear to be large, but at first glance, the efforts and costs may be significantly higher than the benefits obtained (depending on the perspective one has). However, although the focus of this research is on safety management, XR developments have multiple uses in the AECO industry. Extended reality is one of the relevant technologies within Construction 4.0 (and even more so, within the context of Industry 5.0). Therefore, its deployment in the sector is only a matter of time. In that sense, development efforts that appear to be safety-specific will be used generally in construction project management, and the safety aspect will be added to those other uses. The generation of environments, the update and synchronisation of progress and the different tasks and construction processes, among other elements, will already come from these other areas of management. Therefore, development efforts in safety management will occur in these other areas. * XR trends and 'virtual universes'. Current contexts, but more importantly, future trends, point towards the use of XR technologies in all industries, and in people's everyday life. It is relevant to consider that the different virtual universes (metaverses) and XR technologies are today a global trend. Although it seems that their widespread use has not been as rapid as expected, nobody rejects the idea that it will be the way in which humans will interact with virtual environments as well as real ones. The framework proposal therefore represents a relevant effort to prepare the construction sector to join these new forms of interaction, with a view towards the development of a 'Construction metaverse'. * Safety vision. Regardless of the effort involved in XR implementation or the resistance to change that characterises the AECO industry, the challenge of reducing accident rates towards zero accidents requires the implementation of new methods and technologies that can effectively address this unresolved problem in the industry.