## 1 Introduction  
Environmental pollution with heavy metals is a growing problem worldwide. Their detrimental effect on human and animal health includes, i.e., dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous and immune systems or the formation of neoplasms [1]. Heavy metals such as chromium, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, manganese and vanadium, in small amounts, are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. On the other hand, the intake of elements such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium and lead is toxic to humans and may have harmful effects on health [2]. Natural and anthropogenic activities contribute most to the heavy metal accumulation in the environment. The main heavy metal sources include sewage sludge, irrigation with purified sewage, atmospheric pollution as well as mining, milling, fossil fuel combustion and agrochemicals [3, 4]. Food production in contaminated areas leads to the accumulation of these substances in vegetables and fruit. This, in turn, negatively affects food safety and human and animal health, as well as the quality and growth of crops [2]. Conventional agriculture uses fertilizers and agrochemicals to increase yields. The continued and unjustified excessive use of these can damage the environment and biodiversity and may affect human health, causing chronic health problems [5]. It has been proved that crops fertilization has the greatest impact on the environment [6]. The compoundsused, depending on their chemical structure, remain permanently in the environment and can accumulate in fruits, vegetables and also in animal meat. In addition, some of these compounds are dangerous already at low concentrations [7]. The accumulation of heavy metals in the plant takes place mainly through the roots and, to a lesser extent, through the leaves [4]. Organic farming is based on a diversified farming system that includes the use of organic fertilizers and crop rotations that preserve and support the ecosystem [8]. According to Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018, organic farming is an agricultural method of producing food without the use of non-natural substances and processes [9]. This protects the environment, the climate and natural resources, as well as biodiversity. The latest literature investigates the use of nanomaterials lowering the content of heavy metals in the plant. This effect would be achieved by reducing the heavy metal content in soil, regulating the expression of genes responsible for the transport of these substances in plants and by enhancing the capacity of barriers for capturing heavy metals [10; 11; 12]. Poland is the largest raspberry producer in the European Union. In 2020, the raspberry harvest reached 116,000 tonnes, an increase of 53% over 2019 [13]. Raspberries are a rich source of antioxidant components, such as polyphenols (flavonoids with anthocyanins and phenolic acids), carotenoid, vitamin C and micro- and macroelements [14]. The scientific research on the properties of raspberry (_Rubusidae_ L.) confirms the preventive effect of bioactive components in the fight against non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, which are currently serious problems in society [14; 15]. Raspberry fruits are characterised by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral and antimicrobial properties [16; 17; 18]. In addition, the significant role of raspberry fruit and leaves in protecting against the development of diabetes is currently pointed out [15; 19]. In the light of current knowledge, raspberry ketone is being studied in the context of the treatment of obesity. There is no proven mechanism of action of this compound in the fight against obesity, but its beneficial effects against diabetes and protection of the heart and liver are noted [20; 21]. In addition, raspberry leaves have been used for centuries in women during pregnancy and childbirth to relax the uterus, support contractions and prevent haemorrhages.