## 4 Numa Track and Evolution  
Numa has been classified in slightly different ways by many international meteorological organizations. According to NOAA/NESDIS it is a hybrid storm, with both tropical and subtropical characteristics. In the analysis of CIMMS, that traces its origin back to the remnants of Tropical Storm Rina, cyclone Numa acquired subtropical characteristics, making it a relatively rare Medicare. In the EUMETSAT webpage dedicated to NUMA ([48]) the storm is clearly classified as a Medicare. The storm starts developing on 15 November over the Strait of Sicily and on 16 November, as it moves toward East, it shows hybrid characteristics. Then, during its transition over the Ionian Sea, it reaches its mature phase, and, on 17 November at 12:00 UTC, it hits Apulia Region in Southern Italy, where it persists for 24 h, until 18 November at 12:00 UTC. Here the storm shows typical TLC features, with a quasi-cloud-free calm eye, a warm core, and strong winds close to the vortex center. Then, it moves eastward and, on 19 November, it completely dissipates over Greece. Figure 1 shows two MODIS Corrected Reflectance (true color) images capturing Numa as it hits Apulia region and evidences how its upper-level cloud structure changes as subtropical and tropical-like cyclone characteristics alternate. On 17 November at 12:00 UTC MODIS Aqua (Figure 1a) shows a spiral-like cloud band elongated from the center (39.1\({}^{\circ}\)N, 18.1\({}^{\circ}\)E), with the main rainband in the north hitting the coast of Apulia region, without evidencing an axisymmetric structure or a well identifiable cloud-free eye. On 18 November 2017 at 10:30 UTC, while the storm persists over Southern Apulia region, MODIS Terra (Figure 1b) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**NNXP** & **NNYP** & **NNZP** & **Lx** & **Lx** & **Lz** & **DX** & **DY** & **CENTLAT** & **CENTLON** \\  & & **(km)** & **(km)** & **(km)** & **(km)** & **(km)** & **(km)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)N)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)E)** \\ \hline
631 & 631 & 40 & 1890 & 1890 & \(\sim\)20000 & 3 & 3 & 41.0 & 12.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Basic parameters of the RAMS-ISAC grid (see Figure 2a for a representation of the domain). NNXP is the number of grid points in the WE direction, NNYP is the number of grid-points in the SN direction, NNZP is the number of vertical levels, DX is the size of the grid spacing in the WE direction, and DY is the grid-spacing in the SN direction. Lx, Ly, and Lz are the domain extensions in the NS, WE, and vertical directions. CENTLON and CENTLAT are the coordinates of the grid center. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Physical Parameterization** & **Selected Scheme** \\ \hline Explicit precipitation parameterization & WSM6 bulk microphysics with six hydrometeors (cloud, rain, graupel, snow, ice, and water vapor) described in Hong and Lim [(43)], implemented in RAMS-ISAC ([PERSON] [(40)]). \\ \hline Exchange between the surface, the biosphere and atmosphere. & LEAF3 [(44)]. LEAF includes prognostic equations for soil temperature and moisture for multiple layers, vegetation temperature and surface water, and temperature and water vapor mixing ratio of canopy air. \\ \hline Sub-grid mixing & The turbulent mixing in the horizontal directions is parameterized following Smagorinsky [(45)], vertical diffusion is parameterized according to the Mellor and Yamada [(46)] scheme, which employs a prognostic turbulent kinetic energy. \\ \hline Radiation scheme & Chen-Cotton [(47)]. The scheme accounts for condensate in the atmosphere. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: List of physical parameterizations used for RAMS-ISAC in this paper. reveals a well-defined center (39.4\({}^{\circ}\)N, 18.7\({}^{\circ}\)E) with a cloud-free eye structure, surrounded by a whirl of clouds that appear deeper in the northeastern sector. At both times the storm is characterized by a closed surface wind circulation and a warm core.