## 3 Results
### Season Period  
The number of individual samples for each category in the season period analyses was 122 for the early period, 123 for the middle period, and 136 for the late period. Marginal means (with 95% confidence intervals) for each sleep variable in each season period are shown in Table 2, while the mean \(\pm\) standard deviation alongside individual data points for each sleep variable in each season period are shown in Figure 3. Analyses revealed significant differences in sleep onset and offset times. Specifically, players fell asleep 30 min  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Night Type**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & _Control_ & _Before Home_ & _After Home_ & _Before Away_ & _After Away_ \\ \hline Sleep onset (hh:mm) & 23:46 (23:12, 00:19) * & 23:30 (22:55, 00:05) * & 00:41 (00:05, 01:17) & 23:47 (23:10, 00:22) * & 23:46 (23:10, 00:22) * \\ Sleep offset (hh:mm) & 07:41 (07:13, 08:08) * & 07:25 (06:53, 07:57) * & 07:46 (07:13, 08:19) * & 06:07 (05:22, 6:52) & 07:16 (06:43, 07:49) * \\ Sleep duration (min) & 444 (402, 485) * & 434 (390, 479) * & 397 (352, 443) & 346 (290, 403) & 408 (362, 453) \\ Wake after sleep onset (min) & 32.0 (16.7, 47.3) & 39.9 (23.6, 56.1) & 29.6 (13.0, 46.2) & 29.5 (9.5, 49.4) & 38.5 (1.9, 55.0) \\ Sleep efficiency (\%) & 86.6 (82.4, 90.8) & 84.5 (79.9, 88.3) & 82.8 (78.0, 87.5) & 81.4 (75.3, 87.5) & 83.6 (78.8, 88.3) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note.: \(\#\) indicates significantly earlier than nights after home games (\(p<\) 0.01), \(\star\) indicates significantly greater or later than nights before away games (\(p<\) 0.05).  
\end{table}
Table 1: Estimated marginal means (95% confidence limits) for sleep variables across different nights according to game venue throughout the regular season in semi-professional, female basketball players.  
later during the middle period (\(p\) = 0.017, \(g_{av}\) = 0.44 [0.19, 0.69], _small_ effect) and 34 min later during the later period (\(p\) = 0.010, \(g_{av}\) = 0.26 [0.02, 0.53], _small_ effect) compared to the early period, and awoke 34 min later during the middle period compared to the early period (\(p\) < 0.001, \(g_{av}\) = 0.48 [0.23, 0.73], _small_ effect). In contrast, non-significant (\(p\) > 0.05) _trivial_-to-_small_ differences were evident between season periods for sleep duration (\(g_{av}\) = 0.01-0.08), WASO (\(g_{av}\) = 0.02-0.17), and sleep efficiency (\(g_{av}\) = 0.07-0.22).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Season Period**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **Early** & **Middle** & **Late** \\ \hline Sleep onset (hh:mm) & 23:18 (22:41, 23:55) & 23:48 (23:11, 00:25) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 23:52 (23:17, 00:28) \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ Sleep offset (hh:mm) & 07:12 (06:46, 07:38) & 07:46 (07:20, 08:12) \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 07:26 (07:01, 07:52) \\ Sleep duration (min) & 440 (400, 481) & 441 (400, 481) & 435 (394, 475) \\ Wake after sleep & 29.7 (17.4, 41.9) & 34.1 (21.9, 46.3) & 34.5 (22.5, 46.6) \\ Sleep efficiency (\%) & 86.2 (83.1, 89.3) & 85.5 (81.2, 87.2) & 84.2 (81.2, 87.2) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note.: \({}^{\ddagger}\) indicates significantly later than the early period (\(p\) < 0.05).  
\end{table}
Table 2: Marginal means (95% confidence limits) for sleep variables across different nights according to season period throughout the regular season in semi-professional, female basketball players.  
Figure 2: Mean \(\pm\) standard deviation (large shapes and lines) alongside individual data points (small shapes) for (**A**) sleep onset, (**B**) sleep offset, (**C**) sleep duration, (**D**) wake after sleep onset (WASO), and (**E**) sleep efficiency across different nights according to game venue throughout the regular season in semi-professional, female basketball players.