## 1 Introduction
### Bibliometric Analysis  
The initial literature search conducted on 3 August 2023 was based on a current search for the terms \"Odour\" AND \"complaint\" AND \"survey\" in titles, abstracts, and keywords in the Web of Science academic database. The data range was set to \"published all years to the present\". The document type was set to \"scientific articles and review articles\", and the language was set to \"English\".  
Figure 1 contains a chart of times cited and publications over time--Odour AND complaint AND survey (Web of Science database, field: all).  
As many as 35 articles fell into the subject area of environmental science compared with 20 in environmental engineering, 18 in public environmental occupational health, 9 in water resources, 5 in civil engineering, 4 in green sustainable science technology, 4 in environmental studies, and 3 in construction building technology. Among the articles that are most cited are the following:  
* [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2005) [48]--cited by 226 authors; paper and pencil questionnaire.
* [PERSON] et al. (1999) [49]--cited by 179 authors; paper and pencil questionnaire.
* [PERSON] et al. (2002) [50]--cited by 119 authors; e-mail questionnaire.
* [PERSON] et al. (2002) [51]--cited by 112 authors.
* [PERSON] et al. (2014) [52]--cited by 84 authors.
* [PERSON] et al. (2015) [53]--cited by 47 authors; paper and pencil questionnaire.
* [PERSON] et al. (1993) [54]--cited by 36 authors; paper and pencil questionnaire.  
The connections between the analysed documents and highly cited articles are presented in Figure 2, while the top 100 similar works are presented in Figure 3. Among them, the most cited article strictly focused on the survey of odour complaints is [PERSON] et al. [53].  
According to the publications on olfactory-related surveys, those methodologies are widely utilised to assess a broad range of environmental impacts; however, challenges include designing appropriate questions that address health effects, sensory irritation, and community-level awareness regarding odour issues. The authors highlight that designing surveys can be challenging in terms of minimising bias, and careful attention to sampling procedures is essential to accurately represent the population. Surveys enable a more structured and extensive analysis than is typically possible with most qualitative research methods--face to face or telephone interviews. The surveys conducted in the most highly cited articles were primarily administered using the pen-and-paper method, generally without accounting for detailed locational aspects or the variability of meteorological conditions.  
Figure 1: Chart of times cited and publications over time—Odour AND complaint AND survey (Web of Science database, field: all).  
The aim of this work is to evaluate the problem of odour nuisance in an urban agglomeration and to identify its causes through the analysis of residents' complaints and the results of surveys.  
The scope of this study was to conduct a survey of odour impacts in an urban agglomeration, with an indication of potential sources of these impacts. The purpose of analysing the results of these surveys was, among other things, to identify potential sources as well as to determine the areas of the urban agglomeration most vulnerable to odour nuisance.  
In addition, an analysis of odour nuisance complaints over the past 10 years was conducted to characterise the impact zones.  
Figure 3: Articles connected to [PERSON] [53].  
Figure 2: The connections between seven analysed documents and highly cited articles.  
The innovation in this research is the synergy of two types of odour impact evaluation--a survey and a set of complaints--combined with GIS analysis. During the present research, an elaborate, proprietary questionnaire on the study of odour impact in a large urban agglomeration was developed, along with linking it to the results of ten years of complaints from residents of the agglomeration.