## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Exercise** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**During Exercise**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**During Rest**} \\ \cline{2-9}
**Type** & **Parameter** & **UTr (n = 5)** & **Tr (n = 6)** & \(p\)**-Value** & **Parameter** & **UTr (n = 5)** & **Tr (n = 6)** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Shoulder Press} & MET & 1.30 \(\pm\) 0.29 & 2.02 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 0.000 * & MET & 1.36 \(\pm\) 0.24 & 1.66 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 0.000 * \\  & RER & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 1.22 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 0.002 * & RER & 1.06 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.000 * \\  & HR & 109.39 \(\pm\) & 112.13 \(\pm\) & 0.190 & HR & 87.04 \(\pm\) 11.62 & 95.07 \(\pm\) 16.84 & 0.000 * \\  & & 10.50 & 17.27 & & SBP & 110.60 \(\pm\) 5.08 & 128.08 \(\pm\) 14.04 & 0.000 * \\  & & & & DBP & 64.07 \(\pm\) 9.06 & 73.86 \(\pm\) 7.38 & 0.000 * \\  & & & & & BL & 47.83 \(\pm\) 18.33 & 60.00 \(\pm\) 23.60 & 0.000 * \\  & & & & & RPE & 10.40 \(\pm\) 15.1 & 10.03 \(\pm\) 1.78 & 0.118 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Deadlift} & MET & 2.71 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 3.13 \(\pm\) 0.73 & 0.000 * & MET & 2.73 \(\pm\) 0.30 & 3.12 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 0.000 * \\  & RER & 1.04 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 1.11 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 0.000 * & RER & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 1.06 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.010 * \\  & HR & 108.21 \(\pm\) & 112.77 \(\pm\) & 0.025 * & HR & 99.28 \(\pm\) 15.01 & 106.62 \(\pm\) 18.36 & 0.003 * \\  & & 15.06 & 13.37 & & SBP & 125.00 \(\pm\) 5.59 & 143.44 \(\pm\) 13.50 & 0.000 * \\  & & & & DBP & 72.17 \(\pm\) 7.19 & 80.22 \(\pm\) 6.51 & 0.000 * \\  & & & & & BL & 49.47 \(\pm\) 14.86 & 67.92 \(\pm\) 28.91 & 0.000 * \\  & & & & & RPE & 10.60 \(\pm\) 19.0 & 10.69 \(\pm\) 19.59 & 0.732 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Spat} & MET & 2.70 \(\pm\) 0.44 & 3.42 \(\pm\) 0.77 & 0.000 * & MET & 2.97 \(\pm\) 0.28 & 3.51 \(\pm\) 0.41 & 0.000 * \\  & RER & 1.11 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 1.16 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 0.055 & RER & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 0.962 \\ \cline{1-1}  & HR & 110.97 \(\pm\) & 120.57 \(\pm\) & 0.000 * & HR & 107.49 \(\pm\) & 115.34 \(\pm\)22.17 & 0.005 * \\ \cline{1-1}  & & 15.00 & 19.75 & & SBP & 122.50 \(\pm\) 7.98 & 144.06 \(\pm\) 17.81 & 0.000 * \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & DBP & 70.63 \(\pm\) 5.68 & 78.06 \(\pm\) 6.63 & 0.000 * \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & BL & 68.93 \(\pm\) 15.67 & 78.75 \(\pm\) 30.16 & 0.006 * \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & RPE & 11.07 \(\pm\) 2.12 & 11.69 \(\pm\) 2.05 & 0.036 * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} One-way ANOVA: Mean \(\pm\) SD values. UTr, untrained; Tr, trained groups; * indicates a significant difference \(p\) < 0.050; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BL, blood lactate; RPE, Borg rate of perceived exertion.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Cardiorespiratory variables for three dumbbell exercises (Exercise and resting period). (n = 11). CI = \(-\)0.012\(\sim\)0.915, \(p\) = 0.000*-0.033*). It explains the difference in correlation between the two groups. As the trained group has more parameters' correlation which might be due to the previous experience of resistance training and higher loads for three exercises during RM testing (Table 3). Because the higher the lifted load, the greater the metabolic rate will be, so their cardiorespiratory parameters significantly differed from the untrained group (Table 5). Moreover, deadlift and squat exercises are more challenging due to many muscles involved in the lower body (quadriceps and hastrings) and core (erector spinae and gluteals) than the shoulder press exercise which majorly involves upper body muscles (deltoid, serratus anterior, and latissimus dorsi, etc.). While during the resting period, only BL was significantly related with MET for the training group (QIC = 95, 95% CI = \(-\)0.003\(-\)0.000, \(p\) = 0.045*) but for the untrained group RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE (QIC = 48, 95% CI = \(-\)0.024\(-\)0.422, \(p\) = 0.000*-0.002*) significantly correlated with MET (Table 4).