## 3 Results and Discussion
### Molecular Analysis  
Numerous publications on the genus _Scutellaria_ have indicated the possibility of obtaining a large number of regenerants, as presented above. However, there are only a few studies that have assessed the quality of regenerants in terms of their genetic homogeneity  
Figure 2: Regenerants from different type of medium after 4 weeks of the culture—**(A)**—MS + KIN 0.25; **(B)**—MS + KIN 0.5; **(C)**—MS + KIN 1.0; **(D)**—MS + KIN 2.0; **(E)**—MS + BAP 0.25; **(F)**—MS + BAP 0.5; **(G)**—MS + BAP 1.0; **(H)**—MS + BAP 2.0; **(I)**—MS \"0”. using commonly applied molecular marker systems, while those that utilized the repeatable SCoT marker system are unique. The present study belongs to the latter group. [PERSON] [48] reported that SCoT markers have been used to detect somaclonal changes and assess the genetic homogeneity of many plant species grown in tissue cultures. Most micropropagation methods involving axillary shoot proliferation showed 100% monomorphism, whereas plants regenerated through the callus exhibited a polymorphism [28; 29; 44; 45]. This study analyzed twelve SCoT primers, and their sequences are listed in Table 1. Products of electrophoresis with SCoT-16,24,28 primers are shown in Figure 3. All primers generated a total of 111 products (averaging 9.25 bands per primer), of which 37 were identified as polymorphic bands, averaging 3.08 bands per primer (Table 5). The percentage of polymorphisms obtained was in the range of 9.0-71.4%, while the average value was 36.7%. Primer SCoT-75 produced 16% of the polymorphic bands. Primers, SCoT-16, SCoT-50, SCoT-71, and SCoT-75 generated polymorphism above 50%. Monomorphic bands were amplified by all primers, with SCoT-4 generating the most, i.e., 11 bands. A total of 61 monomorphic bands were obtained, with an average of 5.08 monomorphic bands per primer. Specific bands were also detected in the analysis of three primers (SCoT-4, SCoT-33, SCoT-75). Specific bands were obtained for genotypes regenerated on the medium with MS + BAP 2, MS + KIN 2, and for donor plants, and their sizes were 2900 bp, 1300, 900 bp, and 1200 bp, respectively. The size of all products obtained ranged from 200 to 8000 bp. The largest product was generated by primer SCoT-75, while the smallest was generated by SCoT-12. Figure 3: Band profile of the regenerants from MS medium with different PGR’s generated by the SCoT-16,24,28 primers. M- DNA banding pattern of NZYDNA Ladder VIII (5000 bp; 3000 bp; 2000 bp; 1400 bp; 1000 bp; 800 bp; 600 bp; 400 bp—from top to bottom). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Name**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Number of PCR Product**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\% of**} \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{1}{c}{**of Starter**} & **Total** & **Polymorphic Bands** & **Monomorphic Bands** & **Specytic Bands** & **Polymorphism** & **Size Range (bp)** \\ \hline SCoT-4 & 15 & 2 & 11 & 2 & 13.3 & 600–7600 \\ SCoT-12 & 11 & 3 & 8 & 0 & 27.3 & 200–4200 \\ SCoT-14 & 10 & 1 & 9 & 0 & 10.0 & 410–4000 \\ SCoT-16 & 6 & 4 & 2 & 0 & 66.7 & 930–6700 \\ SCoT-24 & 7 & 2 & 5 & 0 & 28.6 & 770–6000 \\ SCoT-28 & 11 & 1 & 10 & 0 & 9.0 & 470–7600 \\ SCoT-30 & 5 & 2 & 3 & 0 & 40.0 & 400–2100 \\ SCoT-33 & 9 & 3 & 5 & 1 & 33.3 & 750–3300 \\ SCoT-46 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 0 & 36.3 & 450–6200 \\ SCoT-50 & 8 & 4 & 4 & 0 & 50.0 & 300–5800 \\ SCoT-71 & 7 & 5 & 2 & 0 & 71.4 & 450–4100 \\ SCoT-75 & 11 & 6 & 4 & 1 & 54.5 & 300–8000 \\
**Total** & **111** & **37** & **61** & **4** & **-** & **200–8000** \\
**Mean** & **9.25** & **3.08** & **5.08** & **0.33** & **36.7** & **-** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Assessment of genetic diversity of _S. bicalensis_ using SCoT markers—summary of results. Based on the polymorphism identified using the SCoT technique, the genetic similarity between the examined regenerants was determined using [PERSON]'s formula, developed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [40].