# The Status of Space Weather Infrastructure and Research in Africa
## 4 Gaps in Infrastructure and Human Resources
### Gaps
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Country** & **Projects** & **Contacts** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Algeria} & - March 2022: installation of the Algerian GNSS network & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\  & across the national territory with 109 stations by the & \\  & INCT (National Institute of Cartography & \[EMAIL_ADDRESS]} \\  & and Teledetection) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Benin} & - Organization of a conference on the importance of & \multirow{4}{*}{Physics Department University of \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]}} \\  & space weather in the development of countries & \\  & & \\  & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Burkina Faso} & - Developing SIG and drones for expert & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\  & - Quarkina Sat1 project of nanosatellite launching (for & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\  & agriculture, land management, Earth atmosphere study, & \\  & and so on) & \\  & - Acquisition of scintillator (Septentrio) for ionospheric & \multirow{4}{*}{University Nazi BONI ([PERSON])} \\  & - Planetarium for presenting educational shows & \[EMAIL_ADDRESS] about astronomy & \\  & - Meteorological station & \\  & - Understanding the effect of geomagnetic activity on & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\  & - African Meridian B-field Education and Research & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\  & (AMBER) magnetometer Array Project since 2008 & \\  & - SCINDA-GPS installation in 2009 & \\  & & \\  & - Organization of IMAO5 (ISWI Maghreb West Africa, & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\ Ivory Coast & School) 2022 in Abidjan, 17–28 October & \multirow{4}{*}{University Felix Houphouet Boigny,} \\  & - Study of the influence of solar events on & \multirow{4}{*}{Cocody, Abidjan} \\  & GNSS positioning & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Democratic Republic} & - The current situation is not known but some university & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\  & lecturers have been attending GNSS workshops & \\  & organized by ICTP and Boston College and the & \multirow{4}{*}{University of Kinshasa} \\ \cline{1-1} of Congo & MAGDAS group. The lectures facilitated the & \[EMAIL_ADDRESS]} \\  & deployment of a SCINDA GPS scintillation and TEC & \\  & monitor in 2011. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Egypt} & - Space weather forecasting and warning using artificial & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\  & Intelligence & \\  & - Installation of new equipment: & \\  & Fluxgate Magnetometer and Telluric System & \multirow{4}{*}{Egypt-Japan University of science} \\  & CALLISTO Solar Radio Spectrometer & \\  & GNSS TEC/Scintillation Monitoring Unit & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Ethiopia} & - Developing the state-of-the-art ionospheric TEC model & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} \\  & for improved accuracy of positioning (applicable finally & \\  & for agriculture, land management, and so on) & \\  & - Understanding the triggering mechanism of the East & \\ \cline{1-1}  & African equatorial ionospheric post-sunset irregularities & \multirow{4}{*}{Washera Geospace and Radar Science Research} \\ \cline{1-1}  & - Understanding the effect of geomagnetic storm & \\ \cline{1-1}  & time-driven ionospheric currents on low-latitude & \\ \cline{1-1}  & power grids & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Completed, current, and upcoming projects in space science/space weather in Africa.