# Survey on Video-Based Biomechanics and Biometry Tools for Fracture and Injury Assessment in Sports
## 1 Introduction
### Risk of Fractures and Injuries in Sports
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Reference** & **Sport** & **Method/Software** & **Analysis** \\ \hline
[30] & High-jump & Pixel segmentation & Biomechanical analysis on risks and cases of Achilles tendon injury in high-jump attempts. \\ \hline
[31] & Australian football & Head of an instrumented Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD), & Head impact exposure and concussion risk under video analysis \\ \hline
[32] & Australian football & X-Patch & Head acceleration measurements and impacts by video analysis \\ \hline
[6] & Baseball & High-speed motion analysis & Two-dimensional biomechanical analysis use in assessing proper pitching techniques \\ \hline
[33] & Basketball & Video analysis software & Risk factors and causes of Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures in NBA players. \\ \hline
[34] & Equestrian Sports & Kinovea 0.8.20; Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System & Helmet impact mechanics; concussion thresholds. \\ \hline
[35] & American football & Optical motion capture system (Vicon, Los Angeles, CA) & Helmet head protection. Kinematics among head and helmet. \\ \hline
[36] & American football & Head impact sensors & Review on the concussion biomechanics and use of head impact sensors. \\ \hline
[37] & Gaelic field sports & [PERSON] [PERSON] & Normative reference values from the study of functional movement \\ \hline
[38] & Ice Hockey & Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System & Identification of per-game frequencies of head impacts and concussions \\ \hline
[39] & Rugby & Manual digitizing Vicon Motus V9, Vicon Motion Systems, USA & Prevention for chronic injuries, towards safer engagement conditions \\ \hline
[40] & Alpine Sking & Consensus decision by experts & Injury mechanisms descriptions of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during competition \\ \hline
[41] & Snowboard & Consensus decision by experts & Snowboard cross (SBX) descriptions of injury mechanisms \\ \hline
[42] & Football & Consensus decision by experts & Kinematics and frequency cases of ACL injuries in professional Italian football \\ \hline
[43] & Football & Kinovea software, consensus decision by experts & Approach for intra-articular lesions by late phases of ACL injury \\ \hline
[44] & Football & Force plate Type 9285, Kistler Instruments, high-speed camera & Injury risk by hip loading under diving in goalkeepers \\ \hline
[45] & Football & Consensus decision by experts & ACL injury cases and contact mechanisms \\ \hline
[46] & Volleyball & Dartfish motion analysis software & Improving landing techniques to prevent ACL injuries \\ \hline
[47] & Volleyball & Visual3D tracking system & Wearing ankle braces effect and tendency to injury development \\ \hline
[48] & Baseball & Stalker pro radar gun (Stalker Radar, Plano, TX, USA) & Biomechanics of the stride length and knee angle with high ball speeds \\ \hline
[49] & Beach volleyball & Peak Motus Software (Version 9, Vicon Motion Systems. Inc.) & Biomechanics of float serve \\ \hline
[50] & Rugby & Kinovea (v.0.8.15) & Biomechanics of sprint initial steps \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Video-based biomechanics tools reported in the literature. For each specific study, the Sport, Method/Software and Analysis implemented is presented. Given the aforementioned context, it is clear that smart tools for fracture prevention in sports would benefit greatly the field of sports sciences. The same tool could have important impact in elderly healthcare [66]. A plausible solution for this method is the combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and biomechanics. The combination of AI and video-based biomechanics tools could foster the development of intelligent methods for fracture prevention in athletes and/or for the elderly, by predicting risk of fracture via video assessment of body movements [67]. In this study, we focused on the analysis of scientific literature which describes video-based biomechanics tools in different sports.