## 3 Results and Discussion
### Morphological Analysis  
**Taxonomy**  
_Penicillium mexicanum_**[PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON], Studies in Mycology 78: 125. 2014 [59]. MycoBank: MB 809185. Figures 2 and 3 and Supplementary Figure S1. Figure 1: Phylogenetic tree obtained from the aligned concatenated four-gene dataset. The data obtained in this work are highlighted in red and bold. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site, and the support values (SH-aLRT/aBayes/ML) are also shown. _Specimens examined:_ Portugal, Coimbra, Gois, 40\({}^{\circ}\)04\({}^{\prime}\)50.0\({}^{\prime\prime}\) N, 8\({}^{\circ}\)06\({}^{\prime}\)57.0\({}^{\prime\prime}\) W, isolated from soil/rocky debris from an abandoned gold mine, 17 November 2021, J. Trovao, MUM 23.42; ibid MUM.23.43. _Culture characteristics:_ Colonies on MEA after 7 days at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, reaching up to 13.5 mm, flat, velvety to floccose, olive to dark green at the center and white in the margins, margins narrow (2.5-3.5 mm), low, entire, sporulation abundant, conidia _en masse_ olive green. periphery, margins wide (2.5-5 mm), low, slightly undulate, sporulation abundant at the center, conidia _en masse_ dark green. Reverse pale green at the center, dull white at the edge. Exudates and soluble pigments absent. Colonies on CYA after 7 days at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, reaching up to 10.5 mm, flat, velvety, cream white, margins narrow (2-3 mm), low, entire, sporulation scarce. Reverse light brown at the center, dull white at the edge. Exudates and soluble pigments absent. Colonies on DG-18 after 7 days at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, reaching up to 12 mm, raised at the center, sulcate, velvety to floccose, olive to dark green at the center and white in the margins, margins wide (1-5 mm), low, entire, sporulation abundant, conidia _en masse_ dark green. Reverse reddish to brown at the center, dull white at the edge. Strong production of hyaline exudates, soluble pigments absent. Colonies on YES after 7 days at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, reaching up to 10.5 mm, flat, velvety, cream white, margins narrow (2-3 mm), low, entire, sporulation scarce. Reverse dull white. Exudates and soluble pigments absent. Colonies on CREA after 7 days at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, reaching up to 8.5 mm, raised at the center, slightly sulcate, velvety to floccose, margins wide (1-1.5 mm), low, slightly undulate, sporulation abundant, conidia _en masse_ olive green. Reverse reddish to brown at the center, dull white at the edge. Exudates and soluble pigments absent, no acid production. When considering longer incubation periods, strong acid production detected. _Micromorphological characteristics_: Hyphae hyaline to subhyaline, smooth, thin-walled, 3-4 um wide. Conidiophores divariate, hyperticillate or rervettiliate, stipes smooth-walled, 11.5-60 (\(\overline{X}\) = 31.4; SD = 15.3) \(\times\) 2.5-7.5 (\(\overline{X}\) = 3.5; SD = 1.1) um, metulae expressed to divergent, 3-4 per branch, 5-14.5 (\(\overline{X}\) = 7.7; SD = 2.17) \(\times\) 1.5-4 (\(\overline{X}\) = 2.65; SD = 0.59) um, phialides 2-4 per metula, ampulliform, 5-7.5 (\(\overline{X}\) = 6.03; SD = 0.74) \(\times\) 1.5-3.5 (\(\overline{X}\) = 2.3; SD = 0.52) um. Conidia one-celled, subhyaline to greenish, smooth, broadly ellipsoidal, 2.5-3.5 (\(\overline{X}\) = 2.6; SD = 0.43) um \(\times\) 1.5-2.5 (\(\overline{X}\) = 1.8; SD = 0.3) um. Hylaine chlamdospores, smooth, solitary and in chains, intercalary and terminal, irregular, subglobose to globose 3.5-17.5 (\(\overline{X}\) = 8.6; SD = 3.95) um \(\times\) 3.5-14.5 (\(\overline{X}\) = 8.5; SD = 3.58) um, with smooth cell wall 1.05-1.65 (\(\overline{X}\) = 1.35; SD = 0.31) um thick. Sexual morph not detected. _GenBank barcodes_: MUM 23.42 ITS: PP376069; _BenA_: PP405214; _CaM_: PP421213; _rpb_: PP421215. MUM 23.43 ITS: PP376070; _BenA_: PP405215; _CaM_: PP421214; _rpb_: PP421216.