## 3 Results and Discussion
### Corner joints Studies  
When selecting corner joints (Figure 4) for particleboard furniture, trade-offs exist between strength, durability, and aesthetics. Research indicates that the type of fastener used significantly affects joint strength and bending moment resistance [37]. For instance, cam-connecting fittings and glued dowel joints can enhance strength but may not be as durable as other options [38]. Additionally, the thickness of the edge banding materials can influence the joint strength under compression tests, highlighting the importance of material choice for durability [1]. Moreover, the number and spacing of dowels in ready-to-assemble furniture joints can affect the bending moment capacity, showcasing the interplay between strength and aesthetics [39]. Therefore, when choosing corner joints, it is crucial to balance these factors to achieve the desired strength, durability, and visual appeal of the particleboard furniture. 2.1 The Influence of Different Types of Corner Joints on the Overall Strength and Durability of Panel Furniture  
The corner joint design choices affect the overall strength of particleboard furniture. Particleboards exhibit higher creep deflection under cyclic conditions, indicating susceptibility to stress over time. However, certain joint types can mitigate this effect [40]. Research has shown that factors such as the type of composite board, gluing technique, and spacing between fitting elements such as biscuits or dowels play a crucial role in determining the strength of corner joints in particleboard furniture [10; 41; 42]. For example, corner joints constructed with wood biscuits glued in slots tend to be stronger than those made  
Figure 4: Typical configuration (**a**) and detail (**b**) of L-type corner joints used in the tests (in mm) (reprinted from [PERSON] and [PERSON] [3], copyright (2010), with permission from Elsevier). Figure 3: Bonding strength of edge bands tested (**a**) and water absorption through glued joints (**b**) (reprinted from [PERSON] et al. [7], copyright (2009), with permission from Springer). with plastic biscuits, demonstrating the importance of material and construction method choices [43]. Glued-in dowel joints show lower strength loss after cyclic loading than other types of joints [44]. Additionally, the spacing between biscuits in multiple-biscuit corner joints can affect the total strength in tension and compression tests, highlighting the need for strategic design decisions to optimize the strength and durability of particleboard furniture joints [20]. Using wood biscuits with edge-banded MDF, joints are stiffer than those constructed with edge-banded particleboards [10; 37]. The bending moment capacity of corner joints increases with the number of dowels and decreases with a certain dowel spacing. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] showed that the composite board used influences the strength of the joints, with melamine-coated fiberboards exhibiting a 40% higher bending moment resistance than melamine-coated particleboards. The type of fastener used, quality of the particleboard, and method of loading affect the joint capacity and bending moment resistance [37; 45]. By comparing the strengths of different types of corner joints using various fittings and inserts, [PERSON] et al. [46] explained how each element of an angle joint affects and contributes to durability. The strength of corner joints varies with the type of fastener used, impacting the technical quality of the furniture. For example, confirmat screws exhibited the highest strength among the tested fasteners, providing four times the momentum value compared to the weakest connection with the Lamello Clamex fittings. This suggests that confirmats are particularly suitable for applications requiring a high load-bearing capacity, but they are aesthetically less acceptable than dowels or elliptical fittings unless the screw head is hidden. In contrast, Lamello Clamex P 15 and Lamello Invis Mx offer lower strength values, indicating their suitability for lighter applications.