## 3 Composite Types
### Composite nanoparticles
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|p{56.9 pt}|p{113.8 pt}|p{113.8 pt}|} \hline
**Core** & **Shell** & **Synthesis Method** & **Ref.** \\ \hline Metal-oxides & Polymerizable & Microwave Plasma plus _in situ_ coating & [39] \\ \hline HfO\({}_{2}\), ZrO\({}_{2}\), ZrO\({}_{2}\), ZnO, Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), TiO\({}_{2}\), Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & MMA; Fluoropolymers & Microwave Plasma plus _in situ_ coating & [52] \\ \hline Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & Modified PMMA & Microwave Plasma plus _in situ_ coating & [40] \\ \hline Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & Initiator plus styrene & Complex & [55] \\ \hline Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & Polyacrylic acid (PAA) & Commercial nanoparticles, layer by layer deposition with controlled polymer adsorption & [42] \\ \hline Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & Polyethylene (PE) & _In situ_ Chemical Vapor Synthesis & [50] \\ \hline Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & Pyrrole & _Ex situ_ deposition using plasma polymerization & [49] \\ \hline ZrO\({}_{2}\) & PE & _Ex situ_ by inductively coupled plasma polymerization & [51] \\ \hline TiO\({}_{2}\) & PMMA & _Ex situ_ deposition on commercial, nanoparticles by mixing with MMA solution and irradiation with electron beam & [47] \\ \hline TiO\({}_{2}\) & PMMA & _Ex situ_ by plasma polymerization & [46] \\ \hline TiO\({}_{2}\) & Polystyrene (PS) & _Ex situ_ by radical polymerization & [44] \\ \hline SiO\({}_{2}\) & PS & SiO\({}_{2}\) by Stöber synthesis; surface modification with coupling reagent; polymerization & [43] \\ \hline SiO\({}_{2}\) & Acrylate based polymers & _In situ_ Chemical Vapor Synthesis & [48] \\ \hline ZnO & Acrylic acid & _Ex situ_ deposition using plasma polymerization & [45] \\ \hline Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) & \(\varepsilon\)-Caprolactone & Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) by alkaline hydrolysis, followed by surface functionalization with ultrasound; surface initiated ring opening polymerization & [53] \\ \hline Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) & \(\varepsilon\)-Caprolactone & Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) by alkaline hydrolysis, followed by surface functionalization; graft polymerization using microwaves & [54] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Portfolio of various core/shell hybrid nanoparticles with a ceramic core and an organic shell. with fluoropolymers [52]. [PERSON] developed magnetic core/shell nanoparticles based on Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) and \(\varepsilon\)-caprolactone [53] by surface initiated ring-opening polymerization, whereas [PERSON] _et al._[54] synthesized a similar type of nanocomposite using microwave assisted graft polymerization. [PERSON] _et al._ described the surface functionalization of Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) with ligands and polymers [55]. Recently, core/shell nanoparticles also became of interest for the application of anode-materials in lithium-ion-batteries. Mainly carbon as graphite, amorphous carbon, or graphene is used as the organic compound (Table 2). [PERSON] _et al._ developed TiO\({}_{2}\)/C nanocomposites [56], [PERSON] _et al._[57] describe nanocomposites made of micron-sized graphite core and a shell of SnO\({}_{2}\)-nanoparticles. SnO\({}_{2}\)/C core/shell nanoparticles are described by [PERSON] _et al._[58] and [PERSON] _et al._[59]. Details concerning electrochemical properties will be given in section 6.5.3.