## 3 Results and Discussion
### Bioactive Compounds
The total anthocyanin content detected in red cabbage was higher than purple radish as shown in Table 4. These pigments not only contribute to the visual quality of microgreens but also their biological activity, making them beneficial to human health [5; 23; 27]. The intake of dietary antioxidants is commonly linked with lower risks of certain serious illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes [28]. Data from biochemical, clinical, and epidemiological research have recommended a dietary ascorbic acid intake of 90-100 mg day\({}^{-1}\) to lower the risks of these diseases [25; 29]. In the present study, the ascorbic acid detected in the microgreens ranged from 6.48 to 128.70 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\). Broccoli, Chinese kale, purple radish, red cabbage, and lentil microgreens exhibited significantly higher ascorbic acid compared to the other microgreens, whereas black sesame microgreens had the least. Phenolic compounds, products of the phenylpropanol pathway, are one of the largest secondary metabolites primarily found in fruits and vegetables [30]. These compounds comprise cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, stilbenes, coumarins, lignans and lignin [31]. A significant variation in the total phenolic content of the micro \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Common Name** & **Total Chlorophyll** & **Carotenoid** & **Anthocyanin** & **Total Phenolic** & **Ascorbic Acid** & **DPPH\(\bullet\)** & **Scarenging** \\
**Name** & **(mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\))** & **(mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\))** & **(mg CGE 100 g\({}^{-1}\))** & **(mg CGE 100 g\({}^{-1}\))** & **(mg 6 AE 100 g\({}^{-1}\))** & **(mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\))** & **Activity** & **(mM TEAC g\({}^{-1}\))** \\ \hline Broccoli & 52.26 & bc & 13.47 & bc & NA & 87.56 & cde & 79.11 & a & 35.56 & cd \\ Chinese & 58.44 & b & 15.00 & b & NA & 130.59 & bc & 81.33 & a & 41.90 & c \\ Rule & 49.80 & bcd & 13.12 & bcd & 0.148 & b & 132.78 & bc & 82.58 & a & 38.50 & g \\ Radish & 59.21 & b & 15.61 & b & NA & 145.04 & b & 56.49 & b & 38.39 & cd \\ Ratael & 36.61 & de & 9.34 & efg & NA & 143.11 & b & 48.24 & b & 37.63 & cd \\ radish & & & & & & & & & & \\ Red & & & & & & & & & & \\ cab- & 39.79 & cde & 12.08 & bcde & 0.246 & a & 112.29 & bcd & 89.49 & a & 55.45 & b \\ bage & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Fenugreek & 57.10 & b & 14.28 & b & NA & 59.72 & cde & 36.18 & c & 61.48 & b \\ Green & 12.35 & f & 4.40 & h & NA & 38.14 & ef & 42.45 & c & 34.82 & cd \\ Lentil & 112.62 & a & 28.37 & a & NA & 89.05 & bc & 128.70 & a & 36.34 & cd \\ Mung & 26.13 & ef & 5.86 & gh & NA & 59.95 & def & 25.37 & c & 25.50 & e \\ \hline Black & 37.85 & de & 9.56 & def & NA & 49.03 & ef & 6.84 & d & 33.44 & de \\ Buckwheat & 34.65 & e & 10.42 & cdef & NA & 268.99 & a & 62.90 & b & 90.83 & a \\ Morning & 28.29 & e & 6.92 & fgh & NA & 9.22 & f & 16.78 & cd & 10.11 & f \\ Boscelle & 36.37 & de & 8.87 & efg & NA & 57.06 & ef & 22.23 & cd & 42.08 & c \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
Means within columns with the same letter are not significantly different, using DMRT test at \(p\leq 0.05\). NA: not available.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Total chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, phenolic, and ascorbic acid contents and total antioxidant activity of the microgreens grown under controlled environment. greens was observed, with a range of 9.22 to 268.99 mg GAE 100 g\({}^{-1}\). The highest content was found in buckwheat, and the least amount was in morning glory microgreens. The detected values for radish, fenugreek, and roselle microgreens were higher than values reported by [PERSON] et al. (2020) [25] but lower than values for broccoli, red cabbage, Chinese kale, radish, and purple radish microgreens reported by another study [9]. These variations could be due to various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as species, growth conditions, maturity at harvest, and postharvest conditions [32,33]. The phenolic compounds exhibit direct and indirect antioxidant actions that are beneficial to human health.