# Real-Time Security Health and Privacy Monitoring for Saudi Highways Using Cutting-Edge Technologies
## 1 Introduction  
The Saudi ministry of transportation (SMOT) retained a total estimated road length of 627,000 km in 2014, of which 151,000 km were highways connecting major regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with international borders and serving as linked roads between major cities of the kingdom [1, 2]. The majority of these highways are two-lane, and some of them do not have median strips. The SMOT has been working on a plan to upgrade these highways over time. Highway 10 in Saudi Arabia now holds the title for the world's longest straight road, passing across the Rub' al-Khali desert for 256 km (159 miles), breaking the former record holder, Australia's Eyre Highway, by 110 km (68 miles) on 19 February 2018 [3, 4]. The permitted speed of vehicles on these highways has also been increased from 120 km/h to 140 km/h. SMOT has taken various steps to secure vehicles on the highways, such as installing security cameras, heavy fines for violations, widening bridges, roadside parking, protection fences, direction signs, etc. However, traffic accidents on these highways are still recorded daily. One of the significant issues is the lack of prompt post-crash care for passengers, resulting in fatalities [5, 6, 7]. KSA has reported 86,000 deaths and 611,000 injuries in road traffic accidents (RTAs) over the last two decades, with 7% resulting in lifelong disability. RTAs are a serious health concern in KSA, with 19 people dead and 4 wounded per hour. The most vulnerable age groups are the young and economically productive [8; 9; 10]. One of the reasons for increasing fatality is the lack of a timely health service for the passengers traveling on long-distance highways. Therefore, there is a need to develop a comprehensive traveler safety solution for providing timely help in case of road accidents occurring on highways. The evolving CET such as the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G, and clouds can provide a strong foundation for supporting significant real-time services on these highways by providing emergency assistance, such as first aid, medical aid, and police protection, on time in the event of an accident. IoT is already helping to maintain road safety by providing vehicle maintenance, navigation, improved circulation, and monitoring the state of the roads. A huge amount of IoT data are obtained through IoT sensors attached to vehicles, which helps maintain road safety [11; 12; 13]. The advances in cloud computing address the increasing transportation problems, like heavy traffic, congestion, and vehicle safety by storing the data obtained through modern vehicles. Modern cars, which are increasingly equipped with many sensors, actuators, and communication devices (mobile phones, PS devices, and embedded computers), create a large amount of real-time data stored in clouds [14; 15]. Another CET, 5G, is very useful in road safety since it allows for cloud-based roadside accident video reporting by providing fast data transmission from IoT sensors (attached to vehicles) to the cloud [16; 17; 18]. The Saudi Arabian government introduced the SAHER traffic control system in 2009, which means \"watchful\" in Arabic [19]. The goal of SAHER was to reduce traffic accidents and improve general traffic efficiency throughout the kingdom. It entails the implementation of an intelligent transportation system that incorporates the most up-to-date technologies in traffic enforcement, traffic management subsystems, and services to improve highway network safety. SAHER does this via improving transportation infrastructure, reducing mortality rates, and reducing traffic congestion. The system is based on a digital camera network that is linked to and controlled by the Ministry of Interior's National Information Centre (NIC). The SAHER system is effective in indirectly lowering accident instances by enforcing traffic infringement regulations; however, if an accident occurs on a long-distance highway and there is no SAHER camera nearby to notice the occurrence, how can the passenger be helped in order to save his life?