# Agricultural Residues of Lignocellulosic Materials in Cement Composites
## 1 Introduction  
The growing global population density has increased industrial development and intensified agricultural methods. The high productivity of agricultural species is the main cause of the large volume of agricultural residues generated [1]. Currently, these residues are either burnt or landfilled, thus resulting in several problems such as air pollution, emission of greenhouse gases, and occupation of useful land [2]. Given the worldwide population increase, housing problems are becoming a priority [3]. Thus, solutions to make sustainable houses more affordably are desirable. Many studies have focused on the use of natural materials in buildings, because these materials have high sustainability [4].  
Therefore, the use of lignocellulosic material residue in cement composites is considered a good option for new fibre cement formulations to be used as building materials [5; 6]. Natural fibres-reinforced composites combine acceptable mechanical properties with low density. Such composites have several well-known advantages, including low cost, use of available renewable natural resources, and biodegradability [7; 8]. On the other hand, the use of natural fibres can be responsible for maintaining the mechanical properties in the long term. The inclusion of lignocellulosic materials for cement composite production is highly challenging because of the chemical properties of the lignocellulosic material, which may cause adverse effects during cement solidification.  
According to [9], cement-bonded panels are manufactured from a mixture of Portland cement, chemical additives, and particles generated from lignocellulosic materials. Generally, these products combine the favourable qualities of cement (relatively high resistance to water, fire, fungus, and termite infestation) with those of lignocellulosic materials (high strength to weight ratio and workability) [9; 10; 11]. Producing cement composites by using agricultural lignocellulosic wastes, beyond allowing for waste reuse, enables the suitable properties of the material to be maintained; therefore, cement-lignocellap panels have been broadly applied in construction [10; 12; 13].  
Studies aiming to produce cement composites reinforced with lignocellulosic materials for construction purposes have been intensified to make usage of these products technically and economically feasible [1; 14]. Lignocellulosic fibres may potentially be used as reinforcement, because of their optimal mechanical performance, availability, and lower cost than that of the synthetic fibres usually applied in air-cured fibre-cement [15]. Therefore, the physical-mechanical properties and durability of cement-based composite properly reinforced with lignocellulosic materials are directly influenced by the type of vegetable matter used in the reinforcement; their chemical, physical, anatomical, and mechanical properties; and their production methods, among other variables [6].  
The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of the chemical, anatomical, and physical compositions of different lignocellulosic materials on the physical and mechanical properties of cemented panels before and after accelerated ageing.