# Determining Factors of Fixed Offshore Platform Inspections in Indonesia
###### Abstract  
Damage to fixed offshore platforms can affect their structural integrity in addition to environmental conditions. Inspections are important because they aim to detect and control defects or damage to make repairs and carry out maintenance, if necessary, to reduce the possibility of failure. This study aims to determine the factors that affect inspections of fixed offshore platforms in Indonesia. To determine these factors, questionnaires were distributed to experts, including senior practitioners and Ph.D. academics, involved in offshore platforms. For data processing, we first used descriptive statistics based on the mean and SD to indicate the ranking of a factor's importance. Secondly, we performed factor analyses to summarize the information contained in multiple factors. The two methods are carried out to complement each other in determining the factors formed from the respondents' assessments. This study finds three factors in inspections of fixed offshore platforms based on the percentage variance: the first factor is environmental conditions, the second is structural design, and the third is anomalies and defects. By knowing these factors, such comprehension can be used as a consideration in conducting inspections. Each factor must be identified because each factor can affect inspections of fixed offshore platforms. inspection; fixed offshore platform; determinants +
Footnote †: journal: Applied  
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Footnote 1: https://doi. Seeing that the impact caused by damage to fixed offshore platform constructions is so large, appropriate steps are needed to inspect fixed offshore platforms. Initially, the Indonesian government determined that, in 1977, the underwater inspection method was time based, but over time a new methodology emerged from the American Petroleum Institute, namely risk-based underwater inspection [7]. However, this method also has the disadvantage that it cannot be used for platforms in remote locations or different regions. This is because the failure parameters of these platforms cannot be compared. A new method then appeared, called risk-reliability-based underwater inspection [8]. Nevertheless, the inspections implemented in Indonesia are still different; therefore, further research is needed on the issue of fixed offshore platform inspections in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the inspections of and dominant factors in fixed offshore platform inspections in Indonesia. It is important to conduct inspection at the operational and maintenance stages. At the operational stage, monitoring, inspections, and repairs are carried out [9]. Inspections are carried out with the aim of knowing or detecting [10], as well as controlling [11], defects and damage [12] in order to carry out repairs and maintenance if necessary [10]. The project cycle comprises seven phases: conceptual planning, design, construction preparation, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning [9]. The maintenance and operational costs of a building during its life cycle are much greater than its original cost, the capital cost of construction [13]. This is supported by a study by [PERSON] et al. [14] in 2021 regarding life cycle cost, which states that maintenance costs are much higher than initialization, installation, and demolition. The novelty and significance of this research consists of several new determination factors of fixed offshore platform inspections in Indonesia, namely the type of fixed offshore platform, structural configuration, the number of instances of damage, the number of instances of corrosion, the number of modifications, marine growth, the magnitude of scour on the seabed, ocean waves and currents, weather and climate, and the depth of the seawater. These factors have been added and grouped from previous studies. In research by the authors of [7] there are several factors that influence inspections of fixed offshore platforms, such as the year of manufacture, type of platform, and structural configuration.