# Geotechnical and Structural Damages Caused by the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthqu in Golbasi (Adyaman)
## 3 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquakes
According to official data, 53,537 people lost their lives in Turkiye and 8476 people in Syria. More than 100 thousand people were injured in Turkiye and over 20 thousand people in Syria. The largest earthquake acceleration values for the first earthquake were measured at Adiyaman (Center-0201) station. The highest acceleration value was measured in the E-W direction as 879.95 cm/s\({}^{2}\). The lowest values were measured at Golbasi (0208) station. However, probably due to instrumental error, no measurement data were available in Golbasi district for the second earthquake. Calculations were made for the earthquake stations where measurements were made within the scope of the study. A representation of the considered stations on a map is given in Figure 3.  
In the paper, earthquake parameters were also obtained by taking into account the geographical locations of the earthquake stations in Adiyaman province. In this context, peak ground accelerations (PGA) and peak ground velocities (PGV), which are the most commonly used intensity measures, were attained separately for the locations of the accelerometer in Adiyaman province. PGA and PGV values predicted in the current earthquake hazard map for different ground motion levels were obtained. Ground motion levels were selected according to current earthquake regulations. In the Turkiye Building Earthquake Regulation [48], earthquake ground motion level is expressed in four various ways, unlike previous codes. Earthquake ground motion levels used within the scope of the paper are given in Table 3. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline  & & & **Pazarck (Kahramanmaras) Mw = 7.7** & & & & \\ \hline
**Code** & **Longitude** & **Latitude** & **District** & **PGA\_NS** & **PGA\_EW** & **PGA\_UD** & **Refi (km)** \\  & & & **(cm/s\({}^{2}\))** & **(cm/s\({}^{2}\))** & **(cm/s\({}^{2}\))** & **(cm/s\({}^{2}\))** & **Refi (km)** \\ \hline
0201 & 37.76121 & 38.26742 & Center & 474.12 & 879.95 & 318.97 & 120.12 \\
0208 & 37.78694 & 37.65275 & Golbasi & 30.20 & 14.00 & 16.97 & 77.26 \\
0210 & 37.7672 & 38.2866 & Center & 65.91 & 61.37 & 42.13 & 121.92 \\
0213 & 37.79667 & 37.92957 & Tut & 242.28 & 171.69 & 291.29 & 96.48 \\
0214 & 38.028298 & 38.22594 & Celikhan & 61.68 & 54.38 & 69.91 & 132.74 \\ \hline  & & & & & & & \\ \hline
0205 & 37.79177 & 38.61597 & Kahta & 44.88 & 54.66 & 32.94 & 125.19 \\
0213 & 37.79667 & 37.92957 & Tut & 121.30 & 126.62 & 71.35 & 68.73 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Accelerometer stations and measured accelerations of earthquakes in Adiyaman province [39]. PGA and PGV values obtained according to different exceedance probabilities are shown in Table 4.  
For Adhyaman province, PGA values for earthquakes with a 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years are predicted to be in the range of 0.24-0.6 g. The predicted PGA value for DD-2 for Adhyaman city center is well below the measured acceleration value. It can be stated that the value recommended for Golbasi district is higher than the PGA value of the earthquake measured in the district; therefore, the ground motion level is adequately represented for the standard design earthquake. Table 5 presents a comparison of the values acquired for the last two earthquake maps with the Turkish regulations for the locations of all accelerometers in the Adhyaman province. As a point of reference, both earthquake maps and regulations considered the typical earthquake ground motion level with a recurrence period of 475 years.