Optimal Design and Operation of Wind Turbines in Radial Distribution Power Grids for Power Loss Minimization  
[PERSON]  
1 Power System Optimization Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,  
Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.M.P. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.T.N. )1  
[PERSON]  
2 Independent Researcher, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam 2  
[PERSON]  
3 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, The University of Da Nang, University of Science and Technology,  
54 Nguyen Luong Bang Street, Lien Chieu District, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.P.D. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Q.D. ); Tel. : +84-978468468 (M.Q.D. )1  
[PERSON]  
3 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, The University of Da Nang, University of Science and Technology,  
54 Nguyen Luong Bang Street, Lien Chieu District, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.P.D. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.Q.D. ); Tel. : +84-978468468 (M.Q.D. )1  
[PERSON]  
1 Power System Optimization Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,  
Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.M.P. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.T.N. )1  
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the similar value in the transmission power network [1]. In addition, the large amount of power loss will negatively affect the whole RDPG efficiency and the voltage profile at load nodes [2]. Thus, minimizing power loss in the RDPG is acknowledged as the first priority in RDPG design and operation [3]. Many solutions have been proposed to minimize the power loss in RDPGs due to their essential role, including placing shunt capacitors (SCs) [4; 5; 6], distributed generators (DG) [7; 8; 9], and network reconfiguration [10; 11; 12]. These solutions will provide particular benefits due to their engineering characteristics. However, these solutions are generally combined to achieve the highest degree of efficiency in practice. For instance, the authors in [13] have combined reconfiguration and placing photovoltaic systems to reach the optimal power loss value in the IEEE 33-node and IEEE 69-node RDPGs. Next, the study [14] proposed a strategy for reducing power loss in a 24-node RDPG by optimizing the placements of both SC and DG placements. In [15; 16], the placements of both SCs and DGs are not only for active power loss reduction but also aim to achieve other targets, such as minimizing the voltage stability index or optimizing the investment costs. Currently, integrating clean energy sources in power system operations, such as wind and solar energy, is highly concerning. Therefore, the placement of such clean energy sources to boost the efficiency of RDPGs is also strongly encouraged [17; 18; 19]. These studies highly focus on placing wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic generators (PVGs) to reach the optimal values of different objective functions, and power loss reduction is one of them. Although the benefit of placing WTs and PVGs in the RDPGs is not deniable, the presence of such things has also caused some challenges in operating and controlling the RDPGs in general. The challenges mainly come from the intermittent and uncertainties of clean energies. In these circumstances, the model predictive control (MPC) [20; 21] is considered to be an affordable solution to mitigate the adverse effects caused by the nature of clean energies while integrated into any RPDG. Placing SCs, DGs, WTs, or PVG in RDPGs to reach the optimal value of different objective functions and satisfy the related constraints is a highly complex problem, especially in large-scale RDPGs.