## 5 Conclusions  
The 15 February 2018 and 30 April 2022 solar eclipses under geomagnetic activity in different seasons (summer and autumn) were good opportunities to study how the eclipses-induced ionization changes affect the EIA and radio link-based systems such as GPS. In this paper, we presented and compared the ionospheric TEC changes during PSE2018 and PSE2022 over South America and Antarctica. Both partial solar eclipses had trajectories over the southern polar region and southern South America. These two eclipses took place on non-quiet geomagnetic days. We used a regional GPS network located around both regions. We create regional TEC maps using data from GPS ground stations. Furthermore, we present in more detail the behavior of the two eclipses at six GPS stations located in Chile, along the west coast of South America. We also selected quiet days as reference days after analyzing the geomagnetic and geophysical conditions. We suggest performing the percentage analysis of TEC variations to compare eclipses instead of using TECu because TEC changes are synchronized with solar cycles. Therefore, it should also consider solar index parameters (e.g., solar flux, extreme ultraviolet radiation, and sunspot number) and not only take into account elements such as the eclipse trajectory, seasons, times of the day, locations, synoptic, and geomagnetic conditions. TEC maps of both eclipses showed noticeable depletions under the Moon's shadow with DVTEC \(<-40\%\), \(\tau\) between 1 min and 45 min, and duration of \(\Delta\)T over 5 h. Additionally, TEC decreased (DVTEC \(\sim\)\(-50\%\)) in the southern EIA crest over South America during the 2018 eclipse (hemisphere summer), but the ionization presented a significant enhancement (DVTEC \(>20\%\)) that prevailed for a number of hours after the end of the 2022 eclipse (hemisphere autumn, close to winter). We show that, despite ionospheric enhancement induced by geomagnetic activity on the days of the two eclipses, the impact of both eclipses could be seen. The ionospheric behavior that we estimated with GPS receivers was corroborated using observations from the SwA satellite (VTEC, \(N_{e}\), and \(T_{e}\)), and the F18 satellite (\(N_{e}\)). The minima with respect to the background values of TEC, \(N_{e}\), and \(T_{e}\) were \(-52\%\), \(-54\%\) to \(-21\%\), and \(<\)\(-20\%\), respectively. Therefore, the ionospheric behavior unequivocally showed that electron activity in that layer decreases during both solar eclipses, as expected. Furthermore, our findings about the ionospheric behavior of the 2018 and 2022 eclipses during geomagnetic activity are in line with earlier reports for other solar eclipses in the same sector under quiet conditions, such as those TSE2019 and TSE2020 (over South America). We also corroborate our ionospheric results over the Antarctic sector with TSE2021 that occurred during unstable geomagnetic levels. As a continuation of this work on the 2018 and 2022 partial solar eclipses, we propose to carry out analyses on a regional and/or global scale of the following aspects: Improve our study with the use of other instruments such as ionosondes and magnetometers, among others, to analyze the alteration of the equatorial vertical E \(\times\) B drift and generation of a disturbed dynamo. The effects of thermospheric responses (e.g., temperature and winds) to the eclipse also need to be considered. These partial eclipses offer a fantastic opportunity to investigate whether their waves (AGWs, TADs, and TIDs) travel from the poles to low latitudes. Additionally, research into how solar eclipses affect the precision of GNSS and other radiocommunication systems will aid in understanding and mitigating these effects. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/rs15194810/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/rs15194810/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/rs15194810/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/rs15194810/s1)), Video S1: PSE2018; Video S2: PSE2022.