# Multiagency Modeling of Transformation Strategies Towards Sustainable Smart Cities
## 5 The Practical Experiment
### Quality of Life  
Standards mentioned in Sections 2 and 4 contain the number of quality of life descriptors. The following ISO 37120 performance indicators may be considered as describing quality of life in the approach taken in this paper:  
* Population income and dwelling profiles (persons per dwelling unit, average household income, Gini coefficient, and percentage of city population living in poverty),
* Educational indicators (i.e., number of higher education degrees per 100 thousand population),
* Energy (i.e., power consumption per capita),
* Environmental data (PM2.5 and PM10 concentration, greenhouse gas emission, and waste treatment),
* Public safety (i.e., number of disasters and disaster fighting services, number of police officers per 100 thousand population, and number of crimes),
* Health and recreation (average life expectancy, number of physicians and hospital beds per 100 thousand population, public recreations space, and green areas per capita). The extensive set of indicators and model for mapping the smart cities was proposed in the study \"Mapping Smart Cities in the EU\" commissioned by the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research, and Energy (ITRE) in 2014 [24]. The indicators were grouped taken from the model proposed and used in the project europeansmartcities.eu by the team of researchers from the Centre of Regional Science at the Vienna University of Technology (TU WIEN), OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban, and Mobility Studies at the Delft University of Technology and the Department of Geography at University of Ljubljana [9]. The model was used in the europeansmartcities rankings editions 2007, 2013, 2014, and 2015. All together 74 indicators were used grouped in six categories: Smart Economy, Smart Mobility, Smart Environment, Smart People, Smart Living, and Smart Governance. The most factors closest to the quality of life approach taken in this paper can be found in the Smart Environment and Smart Living categories. Different arrangements of features describing the quality of life dimension are widely used in other rankings of smart cities as well. American human resources and financial services company Mercer annually releases its Mercer Quality of Living Survey [25], comparing cities based on 39 criteria (safety, education, hygiene, health care, culture, environment, recreation, political-economic stability, public transport, and access to goods and services). The cities are compared to New York City, which is given a baseline score of 100 points. The ranking is used by multinational companies, i.e., deciding where to open offices or plants, and how much to pay employees in various locations. Since 2016 the number 1 position on the list is Vienna (with 99.1 points it is closest to 100 points assigned to NYC). Its Global Liveability Ranking publishes annual The Economist Intelligence Unit's (EIU) [26]. It ranks 140 cities for the quality of life based on assessments in the categories of stability (prevalence of crime, threat of terror, military conflict, and civil unrest), healthcare (availability and quality of healthcare, availability of OTC - over-the-counter - drugs, and general indicators), culture and environment (climate factors, social and religious restrictions, levels of corruption and censorship, availability of sport and culture, food, drinks, and consumer goods and services), education (availability and quality private education, and public education indicators), and infrastructure (quality and availability of road network, public transport, energy and water, telecommunications, and housing).