## 2 Literature Review  
Land-use changes (LUCs) stem from the interplay between human socio-economic endeavors and the natural environment. As a key factor influencing both ecosystem services and climate change, LUCs can make ecosystems susceptible to damage [23; 24]. Acting as a bridge between nature and society, ecosystem services intricately connect LUCs with human well-being, thereby serving as a crucial nexus for regional ecological security and socio-economic development [25; 26]. Nevertheless, in the wake of urban expansion, industrial growth, and socio-economic progress, certain land-use practices that are not sustainable have caused considerable harm to natural ecosystems [27; 28; 29]. This has led to a marked reduction in the value of regional ecosystem services and has weakened the ecosystems' ability to offer vital functions [30; 31; 32]. As the conflict between ecological and socio-economic development intensifies, an urgent issue presents itself: whether finite natural resources and delicate ecosystems can endure the demands of continuous global socio-economic growth. This issue poses a significant scientific challenge that demands immediate attention and resolution. Additionally, ecosystem services (ESs) exhibit trade-offs or synergies [33; 34; 35], where the provision of one service may be associated with either an increase or decrease in other services. Trade-offs refer to situations where an increase in the provision of one ecosystem service is accompanied by a decline in one or more other services. Synergies, on the other hand, occur when the provision of two or more ecosystem services increases or decreases simultaneously [36; 37]. These relationships between ESs have become a central focus of ecosystem research, with scholars employing models such as ARIES (Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services), CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach), and InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) to explore the scale effects, spatial patterns, and underlying mechanisms of these interactions [37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42]. Current research on ESsis primarily focused on theoretical analysis and model simulation, with limited application in translating scientific knowledge into decision-making processes. However, evaluating ESs in monetary terms has the potential to quantify the benefits derived from ecosystems, enabling the calculation of natural capital, gross ecosystem product, the sustainable use of land resources, and the formulation of ecological compensation standards [43; 44; 45]. Quantifying the monetary value of ESs can enhance decision-making processes and has gained increasing prominence among policymakers and scholars in recent years [42; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50]. Land-use patterns vary considerably across regions, leading to distinct ecosystem service provision. [PERSON] et al. pioneered the evaluation of ESV [6], Chinese researchers [PERSON] et al. extended [PERSON]'s approach by developing the \"equivalent factor table of ecosystem services value in China\", a widely adopted tool for ESV assessments [8]. Due to the heterogeneous nature of ecosystems [51; 52; 53; 54; 55], the equivalent factor table, which is based on national averages, requires adjustments to account for the specific characteristics of the study area. As people increasingly value the quality of their environment, they are willing to contribute financially to its protection [4; 56]. Therefore, incorporating ability-to-pay and willingness-to-pay considerations into ecosystem services value assessments is essential for establishing an effective ecological compensation mechanism [4; 47; 57; 58]. A review of the literature shows that numerous investigators have utilized the ecosystem services valuation technique introduced and refined by [6; 8] to evaluate ESV across a range of ecological entities and at different scales of space and time [30]. This methodology has led to significant discoveries and has propelled the field of ecosystem services valuation, providing a beneficial structure for our research.