## 3 Results and Discussions  
In this study, a comprehensive investigation on high-amount heavy metal oxide (HMO)-added and Eu\({}^{3+}\)-activated borate glasses based on 10 La\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-50 FMO-(40-x)B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-xEu\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (x = 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mol% and HMO = PbO, Bi\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)) system was carried out in terms of their individual and comprehensive gamma-ray and charged particle attenuation competencies. In total, eight different glass samples, encoded LPb50B, LPb50 Eu0.5, LPb50 BEu, LPb50 BEu2, LBi50B, LBi50 Eu0.5, LBi50 Eu1, and LBi50 Eu2, were classified considering HMO type in their structure. Material densities and chemical properties of the aforementioned glasses can be obtained from Table 1. It is clearly seen that material densities of PbO-reinforced borate glasses varied from 5.043 g/cm\({}^{3}\) to 5.393 g/cm\({}^{3}\), whereas material densities of Bi\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-reinforced borate glasses varied from 5.940 g/cm\({}^{3}\) to 6.812 g/cm\({}^{3}\). In the glass structure, (40-x)B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-xEu\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) indicates that, in both glass groups, B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) has been replaced with Eu\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) from 0 to 2 mole%. Therefore, one can say that Bi\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) contribution (as 50% mole) has increased the material density more than PbO contribution in terms of their HMO structures. To begin, we calculated the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of the aforementioned glass samples using the MCNPX code, and then compared them to theoretical findings obtained using the Phy-X/PSD program. In Table 2, the findings of both techniques are listed, together with their respective relative variances. Additionally, Figure 2 illustrates the variation in the MAC values of the investi  
Figure 1: MCNPX setup: (**a**) 3D view of gamma-ray transmission setup obtained from MCNPX Visual Editor; (**b**) 2D view of gamma-ray transmission setup with dimensional information obtained from MCNPX Visual Editor. gated glasses throughout the energy range 0.015-15 MeV. From Table 2, it is seen that the MAC values of LPb50B and LPb50 BEu2 glasses vary between 78.429 cm\({}^{2}\)/g-0.045 cm\({}^{2}\)/g and 79.045 cm\({}^{2}\)/g-0.045 cm\({}^{2}\)/g, while the MAC values for LBi50B and LBi50 Eu2 glasses are between 89.281 cm\({}^{2}\)/g-0.048 cm\({}^{2}\)/g and 89.442 cm\({}^{2}\)/g-0.048 cm\({}^{2}\)/g. It is noticed from Figure 2 that the MAC values decrease rapidly at 0.015-0.1 MeV photon energies, and increase suddenly before reaching 0.1 MeV. This rapid drop is due to the impact of photoelectric absorption (PEA) in the low energy region and the changing in cross-section of interaction with 1/E\({}^{3.5}\) in that zone. Besides, a sudden increase occurred around 88.00 keV and 90.52 keV, which are the absorption edges of Pb and Bi heavy elements in two glass systems, since the cross-section of PEA is proportional to Z\({}^{4-5}\). It is regarded that the reduction in MAC values is slower at medium energies where the Compton scattering (CS) process (Z/E) is powerful. It is remarkable that after 1.022 MeV, where pair production (PP) occurs, the MAC values increased slowly with increasing energy. At high energy levels, most photons are annihilated, and MAC values vary depending on Z\({}^{2}\). Therefore, the MAC values of glasses containing Bi and Pb elements with high Z at high energies increased. With the addition of Eu\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mol%), the MAC values are obtained at 0.015 MeV as 78.429 cm\({}^{2}\)/g, 78.586 cm\({}^{2}\)/g, 78.742 cm\({}^{2}\)/g, and 79.045 cm\({}^{2}\)/g and 89.281 cm\({}^{2}\)/g, 89.322 cm\({}^{2}\)/g, 89.362 cm\({}^{2}\)/g, and 89.442 cm\({}^{2}\)/g for LPb50B and LBi50B glass systems, respectively. From this, it can be deduced that the insertion of Eu\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) increases MAC values in both glass systems, and the higher MAC values are obtained in glasses prepared with Bi\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\).