## 1 Introduction  
The market for natural products is expanding globally across a variety of industries, such as food, fashion, and cosmetics. In the past, chemicals were used to replace expensive natural ingredients, making cosmetics available and widely used by everyone. Today,the trend towards a healthier lifestyle is changing perceptions and increasing consumer interest in natural products, including cosmetics [1]. Natural cosmetics are purchased by individuals who follow an environmentally friendly lifestyle and care about their health, beauty, and appearance [2]. Current environmental problems serve as stimuli for consumers, encouraging them to purchase natural products [3]. Natural products are developed according to ecological standards and are refined as such. They undoubtedly have various advantages, for example: less use of water, materials, and energy during their production, they are non-polluting or only slightly polluting to the environment, and their packaging can be recycled [4]. Since the time when the human population realized the importance of overall health preservation and the burden of diseases, there has been a search for therapeutic properties in the natural environment. Herbal therapy is the use of plants with medicinal properties to prevent and treat conditions that can affect general health [5]. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of traditional herbal therapy alongside synthetic modern drugs. Approximately 80% of the population, especially in developing countries, relies on this for healthcare [6]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), oral health is considered an important part of general health and quality of life [7]. The use of natural medicines for managing pathological oral-dental conditions, such as caries, periodontal disease, microbial infections, oral cancers, and inflammatory conditions, can be a reasonable alternative to pharmaceutical methods due to their availability, low cost, and fewer side effects [8]. Moreover, herbal therapy has gained significant popularity over the past decade. Many researchers in the fields of dentistry and pharmacology have dedicated their time and resources to evaluating natural products, discovering their bioactive compounds, and finding applications for them in various aspects of oral health maintenance [9,10]. It is noteworthy that polyphenic compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins, are among the common bioactive ingredients found in herbal extracts, with promising beneficial properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities [11]. Natural toothpastes were introduced to limit the use of chemical ingredients commonly found in conventional toothpastes. Many natural toothpastes do not contain sodium lauryl sulfate, polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives, artificial colors, synthetic flavors, or sweeteners. The ingredients found in natural toothpastes vary widely but often include minerals, such as silica, kaolin, and perlite, natural sweeteners, herbal extracts, and essential oils [12]. The European standards for natural products were defined in the COSMOS Standard (Cosmetics Organic and Natural Standard) published in 2013 [13]. However, these standards depend on the manufacturer of the cosmetics or the country of origin and are not European legislation but rather the guidelines of an international, reputable, yet private body [14]. As mentioned before, herbal plants contain numerous beneficial components, including tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, minerals, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, and macronutrients [8,15]. These natural substances exhibit a diverse range of mechanisms of action, such as inhibiting ATP synthesis and energy metabolism, promoting enamel remineralization, whitening effects, preventing colony formation and adhesion, and altering pH homeostasis [16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. The antibacterial properties of herbal extracts arise from the ability of their active components to interact with bacterial cell walls.