## 3 Results
### Type IV Collagen and Integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) Prevent the Polymer Mass Loss  
The results for degradation behavior of CTS, PVA, CTS/PVA, CTS/PVA/type IV collagen and CTS/PVA/type IV collagen/integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) scaffolds are depicted in Figure 3. A decrease in the degradation index of scaffolds formulated with type IV collagen and integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) (16.48 \(\pm\) 3.7) was observed, in contrast with CTS (22.03 \(\pm\) 7.88), PVA (26.80 \(\pm\) 5.59), CTS/PVA (25.28 \(\pm\) 9.48) and CTS/PVA/type IV collagen (31.94 \(\pm\) 2.17). This suggest that the type IV collagen and integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) act as chemical crosslinkers, this hypothesis is supported by the FTIR results (Figure 1) that indicate a strong interaction between type IV collagen and integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) with amine groups at 1336 cm\({}^{-1}\). In addition, CTS and PVA scaffolds show loss of mass due to depolymerization of chains for lack of crosslinking agents. Figure 2: Swelling percentage in scaffolds of CTS, PVA, CTS/PVA, CTS/PVA/type IV Collagen and CTS/PVA/type IV Collagen/integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\). * \(p\) < 0.05, ** \(p\) < 0.01. The CTS/PVA/type IV Collagen/Integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) Scaffold Favors the Attachment of Podocytes  
The number of podocytes extracted is depicted in Figure 4, with 8000 viable cells/mL from Balb/c mice kidney, 6000 viable cells/mL from urine of patients with INS, and 2000 viable cells/mL from urine of healthy subjects. After 30 days of culture, podocytes were stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to be counted and determine the number of viable cells on culture control and CTS/PVA/type IV collagen/integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) scaffold. We observed a higher number of viable podocytes between the different groups on scaffold (HS = 250 \(\pm\) 20, INS = 201.7 \(\pm\) 16.07 and mouse = 150 \(\pm\) 30), compared to the control culture (HS = 198.3 \(\pm\) 10.41, INS = 143.3 \(\pm\) 10.21 and mouse = 86.67 \(\pm\) 12.58) (Figure 5). Figure 4: Podocytes extracted from urine of patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome (INS), healthy subjects, and mice kidney by positive selection. Using system MACS Column and MiniMACS separator. *** \(p<0.01\), *** \(p<0.001\). Figure 3: Degradation percentage in scaffolds of CTS, PVA, CTS/PVA, CTS/PVA/type IV Collagen and CTS/PVA/type IV Collagen/integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) at 7, 15 and 30 days. * \(p<0.05\), *** \(p<0.01\). Podocytes on CTS/PVA/Type IV Collagen/Integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) Scaffold Were Viable after 30 Days of Culture  
Figures 6 and 7 show the quantification of lactate dehydrogenase on supernatants from podocytes cultivated on CTS/PVA/type IV collagen/integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) scaffold and control culture. We observed a slight increase on concentration of L-lactate in podocytes from control culture (521.8 HS, 608.1 INS and 588.2 mice) in contrast with podocytes from CTS/PVA/type IV collagen/integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) scaffold (485.3 \(\upmu\)M in HS, 540.2 INS, and 439 mice). There is not significant difference. Figure 5: Podocytes viable on CTS/PVA/type IV Collagen/integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) scaffold. Control culture (polystyrene plate) after 30 days of culture. * \(p<0.05\), ** \(p<0.01\). Figure 6: Concentration of L-lactato dehydrogenase from podocyte supernatants on control culture (polystyrene plate) to 3, 7, 15 and 30 days. The Expression of CD80 Increased on Podocytes Cultured on CTS/PVA/Type IV Collagen/Integrin \(a_{3}\beta_{1}\) Scaffold  
Expression of CD80 by intensity pixels in podocytes on CTS/PVA/type IV collagen/integrin \(\alpha_{3}\beta_{1}\) scaffold (HS = 7 \(\pm\) 2.23, INS = 7.3 \(\pm\) 0.78 and mouse = 7.4 \(\pm\) 1.43) was statistically different than podocytes on control culture (HS = 3.9 \(\pm\) 1.8, INS = 3.9 \(\pm\) 0.59 and mouse = 4.5 \(\pm\) 1.13). (Figure 8).