# A Survey of Blockchain Applications for Management in Agriculture and Livestock Internet of Things
## 4 Applications of Blockchain in Agricultural and Animal Husbandry IoT
### Supply Chain Management
#### 4.2.2 Traceability and Quality Assurance of Supply Chains
Advantages:  
Improved traceability and transparency: Several studies ([7; 94; 95; 97]) focus on how blockchain's immutability and distributed ledger features enable end-to-end traceability and real-time information sharing. This transparency is crucial for verifying product authenticity, monitoring quality, and enhancing consumer trust. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Targeted Challenges** & **Papers** & **Short Introductions** & **Blockchain-Enabled Opportunities** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Transparency and Information Sharing in Supply Chain} & \multirow{4}{*}{[94]} & This article introduces a blockchain framework aimed at enhancing traceability and safety within India’s agricultural industry by consolidating stakeholders and utilizing smart contracts for managing the supply chain. & This article outlines a blockchain framework designed to enhance traceability and safety in India’s agricultural sector by integrating stakeholders and employing smart contracts for supply chain oversight. \\  & & The proposed system in the paper incorporates blockchain to tackle the complexity and trust issues within centralized information systems in the supply chain. & Blockchain technology in this design offers enhanced traceability, real-time data information, and reduced manipulation, leading to more reliable and transparent supply chain management. \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{[95]} & The study presents a new blockchain technology design for the agricultural supply chain, focusing on traceability, scalability, and fair share amount assignment, enhanced by a cyber-physical system, public service platform, and an improved and colony optimization algorithm. & In this model, blockchain technology transparent transactions and immutable records, establishing a consortium among producers and addressing critical issues to optimize trust and profitability. \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{[96]} & This article presents an advanced IoT and blockchain model for agriculture, tackling issues such as data security and energy efficiency. It proposes an innovative energy-efficient protocol for IoT-based agriculture, which surpasses the LEACH protocol in terms of network stability and energy usage. & In this framework, blockchain technology enhances data security, diminishes the risk of manipulation, and boosts the resilience of IoT-based agriculture, which surpasses the LEACH protocol in terms of network stability and production practices. \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{[97]} & The paper proposes a method utilizing consortium blockchain and smart contracts to manage agricultural products across the supply chain, enhancing transparency, reliability, and security by eliminating centralized authorities. & This solution employs blockchain to establish a secure, transparent, and immutable ledger for transactions, enhancing integrity and efficiency within the agricultural product supply chain. \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{[98]} & This paper investigates how blockchain technology can verify the freshness and sustainability of fresh agricultural produce within the supply chain. It focuses on the relationship between efforts to preserve freshness, marketing initiatives, and how blockchain is applied in both traditional and enhanced systems. & Blockchain’s integration aids in the continuous effort to maintain freshness by enhancing transparency and accountability in the supply chain. This reduces the need for promotional and goodwill expenses, thus preserving profit margins without compromising investments in environmental sustainability. \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{[99]} & The paper introduces a blockchain architecture that operates on a P2P network designed to enable dependable tracking within supply chains. Without explicitly mentioning self-sovereign identity and decentralized key management, this architecture utilizes the Fantom blockchain network to ensure efficient transactions.