# CAR-Tourist: An Integrity-Preserved Collaborative Augmented Reality Framework-Tourism as a Use-Case
## 1 Introduction  
Industry 4.0's arsenal accompanies one of the most promising technologies, namely _Augmented Reality (AR)_. It is one of the modern technologies in the current generation that has yielded a rising market for AR application development. The extensive advancements in AR, _Virtual Reality (VR)_, and collaborative AR have considerably changed experiences in different areas of interest. The implications and uses of these technologies are broad and are being actively used to boost the level of experience of clients. In the last decade, the interest of industries, as well as academia in AR, has risen. It was estimated in research in 2009 that mobile-based Augmented Reality (MAR) will reach 732 million dollars by 2014. Also in May 2014, Facebook acquired Oculus for 2 billion dollars, and after that, the AR/VR industry started to rise. During recent years, many AR applications have been launched in the tourism sector and, in addition, the popularity of mobile-based AR games, such as Pokemon Go, has increased [1]. However, in 2015 and onward, AR rose rapidly due to advancements in technology and overall infrastructure. The popularity of AR and VR further increased due to the development of Flash-based AR, AR-based and their utilization in the global marketing campaigns [2]. As later discussed in this paper, AR has a greater impact on the tourism sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this sector suffered the most. As this sector contributes massively to the economy of any country, it was the need of the hour to revive this sector. Moreover, in historically rich countries like Saudi Arabia, tourism plays a major role in the country's economy. To revive and develop the experience of the tourists to a whole new level, AR is used. With the use of AR-based tourism applications, tourists do not need to gather around to hire a guide. They can be guided through this application remotely with the help of virtual objects on the screen as well as a remote guide. Figure 1 explains the working mechanism of this collaborative AR application and how different tools can be used to develop such kinds of applications. It also explains applications of AR in different fields such as medicine, industry and tourism. It further demonstrates the security of this system, how the data of the users are safe and uncompromisable and how an environment of trust is created among the users. The rise of smartphones is one of the important factors for the wide adoption of AR and VR [3]. The mobile phone AR experiences were released many years earlier, but these were run on phones that had low graphic power, and low-speed processors, and were difficult to develop. The launch of the iPhone enabled smartphones to develop AR experiences more easily because iPhone had powerful 3D graphics and the fast processing system was enough for real-time computer vision tracking. Similarly, the android platform become the perfect outdoor AR platform, because of its inertial compass sensors, well-developed graphics and with services of Global Positioning System (GPS). In Japan, 66% of consumers demanded AR in off-line stores [4]. In the present era, a widespread adoption of AR and VR technologies is found in health care departments [5; 6], education sectors [7; 8], manufacturing and logistics [9; 10], smart cities [11; 12], Museum [13; 14], social media [15], etc. In retail, AR-enabled products are visualized in 3D for consumers [16; 17] that ultimately leads to customer satisfaction, customer relation, and maximum sales. Figure 2 presents the overview of AR applications in Medical Training, Retail, Entertainment, public safety,  
Figure 1: Overview of AR, VR and Collaborative AR applications, tools, and technologies. etc. The Figure also presents details of various AR development tools [18,19] including ARCore, ARkit, Kudan etc. The recently emerged Collaborative AR approach further satiates individuals to simultaneously coordinate with each other in the real world surrounding them and a virtual world.