## 5 Conclusions and Future Work  
In this study, we devised a new method for authentication-type watermarking that also includes copyright protection. The images are considered as two main parts: an inner part and an outer part. The inner part is first watermarked with a robust watermark for copyright protection. After that, the inner part is divided into blocks, DWT is applied for each block separately and binary image digests of the LL1 bands are formed for embedding into the outer blocks. The outer parts are also divided into larger blocks, and each inner block is paired with one outer block using a scrambling algorithm based on a key value. DCT is applied to the outer blocks and binary image digests of the inner blocks are embedded into the DCT values of the corresponding outer blocks. During this embedding, low-frequency and high-frequency DCT values of the outer blocks, including the DC component, are not changed to preserve the fidelity and to authenticate low-pass image operations. This process authenticates images with JPEG compression of up to a 75% quality level, subjected to histogram equalization, intensity adjustment and gamma correction, which can be considered as innocent types of image operations.  
The study makes a contribution to the literature on image watermarking by considering the image as inner and outer parts and dividing the inner part into smaller blocks than the outer parts. By doing so, the watermark-holding capacity of the outer blocks is enlarged, the fidelity of the inner parts is improved, and the authentication watermark's robustness to JPEG compression, intensity adjustment, histogram equalization and gamma correction operations is increased. Tamper localization is also improved for the inner parts by using smaller block sizes. Since the method embeds a watermark obtained from the image itself, and block pairing is performed with a secret key, the method is secure against collage attacks. The proposed algorithm is blind, robust, and secure and has high data capacity, being stronger than other algorithms described in the literature. In the future, we plan to further enhance the algorithms to obtain a more robust, secure, and resistant embedding process for both images and videos. In video watermarking, several additional  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c} \hline \hline
**Attack** & **Similarity Ratio (SR)** \\ \hline Tampered & 0.872 \\ \hline JPEG 75\% & 0.891 \\ \hline JPEG 50\% & 0.916 \\ \hline JPEG 25\% & 0.901 \\ \hline Gaussian filter & 0.941 \\ \hline Histogram equalization & 0.752 \\ \hline Intensity adjustment & 0.837 \\ \hline Scale & 0.934 \\ \hline Average filtering & 0.885 \\ \hline Gamma correction & 0.915 \\ \hline No attack & 0.992 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Similarity ratio for watermarked image and after attacks.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & **[PERSON] [(7)]** & **Channels [(9)]** & **[PERSON], [PERSON] [(25)]** & **[PERSON], [PERSON] [(27)]** & **Proposed Method** \\ \hline
**Block pairing layer-based** & K (White number) & Notbackband & No-Key & K (Seed Key) & K (White number) \\ \hline
**F  
issues need to be resolved, such as temporal attacks, including image dropping, swapping, and averaging. In addition, the embedding processes should be resistant to any type of video compression.  
Methodology, A.S. and E.E.; Validation, N.M.; Formal analysis, E.E. and A.E.T.; Investigation, A.S.; Writing--original draft, E.E. and N.M.; Writing--review & editing, A.E.T. and N.M.; Project administration, A.E.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.