## 2 Materials and Methods  
The test methodology was based on the measurement of a Talysurf Taylor Hobson contact profilometer, with an internal datum and gauge equipped with an inductive transducer. This type of equipment is widely used both in industrial conditions as well as in research and scientific units throughout Poland. Five samples made of carbon toughening steel (1.0503) were prepared. The dimensions of each sample were 22 \(\times\) 22 \(\times\) 16 mm. This is a medium carbon steel designation assigned to a group of steels that have a carbon content between 0.42 and 0.50 wt.%. This type of steel is used in a variety of applications; they are particularly well suited for parts that require high wear resistance and strength, such as gears, shafts, and bearings. Thus, it is a very representative material due to its common use in industry. The sample surfaces were ground on a surface grinder at a speed of Vc = 26.4 m/s, with a final pass cutting depth of 0.005 mm. For the treatment, a new corundum grinding wheel (60 grit) was installed. Emulgol ES-12 emulsifying oil provided by Orlen oil, at a concentration of 5%, was used as a lubricating fluid. The samples were mounted on a magnetic table and machined at the same time, and after machining, they were prepared for measurement. Such an approach eliminates the potential differences between sample--tool--machine conditions. Individual samples were designated as S_W--wet surface, measurement immediately (30 s) after machining; S_D--dry surface, measurement after evaporation of the liquid fraction (1 h after end of treatment); S_CA--measurement after blowing with compressed air; S_CA + I--dry surface, measurement after blowing with compressed air and after bathing in 99.9% isopropyl alcohol; S_CA + A--dry surface, measurement after blowing with compressed air and bathing in 99% acetone. Both isopropyl and acetone methods were performed using a short bath (15 s) in a glass container; after that, both samples were gently dried using a dust-free cleaning cloth (68 g/m\({}^{2}\)) on the bottom and all side walls, with the upper surface left free to evaporate in the inspection room conditions (22 \({}^{\circ}\)C and humidity 55-60%) for 15 min. Twenty topography measurements were taken on each surface using a Form Talysurf profilometer. The instrument gauge was calibrated using a 60 mm stylus arm with a 2 \(\upmu\)m radius and 90\({}^{\circ}\) consihepre diamond tip (shown in Figure 1) on an E1-type glass hemisphere standard made of silicon nitride. The nominal radius of the standard is 12.5 mm with RONt uncertainty equal to 0.10 \(\upmu\)m. The sum of the largest profile peak height and the largestprofile valley depth of the P-profile within the evaluation length was Pt = 0.09 \(\upmu\)m for 80% of the gauge range.  
Measurement sections of 6.1 mm on a 5 mm field were taken. The test field on sample S_D is shown in Figure 2. The influence of waviness on roughness for each surface was insignificant. For example, the parameter values for sample S_CA + I filtered with Gaussian 0.8 cut-off were Rz = 2.04 \(\upmu\)m, Rt = 2.79 \(\upmu\)m, and Ra = 0.243 \(\upmu\)m. The unfiltered values were Rz = 2.06 \(\upmu\)m, Rt = 2.78 \(\upmu\)m, and Ra = 0.240 \(\upmu\)m. Examples of the filtered profiles obtained from sample S_CA + I (waviness and roughness) are shown in Figure 3.  
Taking the above into consideration, for the purpose of the analysis, the waviness was not filtered from the roughness, and the parameters from the original raw profiles were determined to minimize the impact of artificial computational factors as much as possible.  
Figure 1: Geometry of the used stylus [17].  
Figure 3: View of waviness (**top**) and roughness (**bottom**) filtered from S_CA + I sample profile.  
Figure 2: Microscopic view of the test field of the S_D sample.