## 5 Discussion and Conclusions  
### Future Directions  
(1) Improve the rationality of spatial layout  
The layout of community commercial service spaces should transition from the current centralized and scattered pattern to a multi-point centralized, linear penetration and scattered supplement arrangement. During the initial phases of community planning and construction, the allocation of commercial service spaces should be integrated into the comprehensive community planning. Depending on the communities' construction conditions, these retail spaces' scale, format, layout, and visual design should be progressively determined. The arrangement of the entire communities' commercial service facilities adopts a grid and hierarchical structure, facilitating the establishment of a coherent layout system. The communities have established a business hub centered around the restaurant, resulting from deliberate planning and long-term commercial space development. A small business center should be tailored to users' primary needs to optimize this clustered business space. This centralized commercial layout not only streamlines the supply chain, reducing transportation distances between employees and suppliers but also caters to the diverse requirements of users, lessening their reliance on transportation and significantly  
Figure 15: Campus traffic real-time monitoring data. curbing transport-related carbon emissions. A centralized layout promotes shared infrastructure and services, enhancing energy efficiency through collective heating, cooling, and lighting systems and centralized waste recycling points. Retail commerce follows linear patterns, facilitating integration with community buses and bus stations. This approach offers the advantage of standardized shelter and circuit design, convenient restocking, and optimized resource allocation. Scattered supplementary commercial spaces in communities, mainly dedicated to retail and life services, should be strategically placed in dormitory buildings, teaching facilities, public areas, and other locations with heavy foot traffic. Enhance the rationality of the service radius Through an analysis of users' satisfaction with community business service spaces, it is evident that users prefer prompt access to basic catering, retail, and select life service establishments. The highest satisfaction is achieved within the first five minutes of arrival. For particular life service and entertainment businesses, pleasure can be appropriately extended within ten minutes of arrival. The commercial spaces can be categorized into community-level business circles, group-level business circles, and neighborhood-level business circles based on varying service radii and demand levels to optimize the use of community resources [36]. The spatial attributes of the community business district are presented in Table 3.  
The community-level business district has limited facilities, but they are substantial and serve all or most of the communities' staff, fostering a strong sense of community. Typically, users should not have to travel more than 15 min to reach this area, which should offer a wide variety of business service spaces to meet users' essential and routine needs. Currently, community-level business service spaces are located in the central canteen or areas with the highest overall integration and a travel radius of 500 m to 1000 m. The group-level business circle offers numerous services but operates on a smaller scale, providing essential services like barbershops and print shops. It has a service radius of 300 m to 400 m, allowing users to reach it within five to six minutes. Positioned at the heart of users' lives, this business circle caters to users' essential needs in catering, retail, and life services. In areas lacking canteen services, such business circles are strategically established within travel radii of 300 m and 500 m to maximize accessibility and convenience.