# A Review on Augmented Reality in Education and Geography: State of the Art and Perspectives
## 4 Augmented Reality in Geographical Education
Lastly, the traditional way of learning geography is performed through static maps and a few interactive lectures, which could become a cumbersome task for the students to point out regions and different formations [28]. To overcome this issue, AR technology can overlay the students' own environment by using an AR application, transforming in this way the static way of learning the topic presented by teachers into a dynamic, interactive learning environment. One of the many applications in the geographical education field is GeoAR [29]. GeoAR has the role of teaching the students who are enrolled in middle school about the neighbors of Romania, the countries of Europe, their flags, and the capitals of Europe. The application enhances the learning technique and desire of students by letting them learn through playing. The students can play certain games of guessing the flag, the capital, or the country, which have different levels of difficulty. For example, after a student has perfected their learning in the easy levels, the student is given questions that are \"trickier\" in the hard levels. In this way, the student can make the difference between certain flags, countries, or capitals that may look the same or have a lot in common. The application also has a functionality, in which if the student does not know some relevant information about a certain country, the user of GeoAR can click on the country flag and it redirects the user to Wikipedia's page of that country. The Augmented Reality functionality comes within the printed maps that come together with the application. Therefore, on the printed maps, there is nothing written (no country name, no capital name), but only the borders of the countries that act as markers for the application. Then, when the student uses the GeoAR application through the camera functionality, the user can see the map filled with the country's name, the flag, the capital, and the names of the neighbors. The application has three modules: \"Learn Europe\", \"Test Your Knowledge\", and \"Find Out More\". The \"Learn Europe\" module is practically the AR part of the application, in which the student uses the camera to discover the countries' names and flags from a printable map. The second module, \"Test Your Knowledge\", includes the questions through which the students learn about Europe. The questions are based on the learning part, where the students firstly learn about the countries of Europe, and then they are assessed with tests and questions, where they need to have a certain score to pass. Each set of tests and questions is attributed to a certain difficulty level, in which the higher the level, the \"trickier\" the questions become. The last module, \"Find Out More\", implements the functionality in which the student can be redirected to Wikipedia's page of the country they clicked on. Through this, the students do not need to exit the app to go on Google and search for the country, but they can do this directly from GeoAR by clicking once on the flag. In the next image, Figure 7, a minimal representation of GeoAR is presented. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline  & **Pre-Test** & **Post-Test** \\ \hline Information recall & 7.09 & 9.00 \\ Spatial relations & 5.57 & 7.35 \\ Total score & 12.65 & 16.35 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Results of the test before and after using the FingerTrip AR application. Furthermore, during the development of the application, the authors discussed with the teachers about the benefits of using AR in education and, in this case, in the geographical education of the students. The professors admitted that the idea of teaching the students through an AR application is better, because the students are more engaged in the learning process without realizing that they are learning. Therefore, the students think that they only play a game, and so they play it till they are the best at that game.