# Power Quality Impact and Its Assessment: A Review and a Survey of Lithuanian Industrial Companies
## 2 Literature Review
### Social Impact
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Equipment** & **General Information** & **Effects 1** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Uses a strong magnetic field, magnetic field gradients and radio waves to create the images of the organs and tissues within the body. 9  The signal for the image comes mainly from protons \({}^{1}_{1}\)H\({}^{+}\) which are present in water, fat and other molecules. Since the protons have the spin and therefore possess the magnetic dipole moment, an external magnetic field causes them to align the same direction (spin polarization), thus forming a net magnetization vector. Then, this vector is intentionally disrupted by sending a radiofrequency pulse pointed in a different direction than the magnetic field. The protons selectively absorb the energy and goes to the excited state. After the pulse ends, the protons return to the original position and release energy in the form of radio waves, which can be detected by the sensors 4  Maintains temperature, humidity, oxygen, sound and light levels for ill or premature newborn infants, thus helping them grow stronger outside the womb and improving chances of survival. It goes without saying that the reliable operation of each sensor, calibration, parameter values and their continuity are of critical significance[ENDFOOTNOTE] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Provides mechanical ventilation to a patient who is physically unable to breathe. Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside the lungs. It goes without saying that incorrect settings or a brief interruption of the process can have fatal consequences} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 4: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Equipment** & **General Information** & **Effects 1** \\ \hline Pulse oximeter & Non-invasively monitors blood oxygen saturation by passing two wavelengths of light (red and infrared) through tissue to a photodetector. It is possible to find the ratio of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin to the total on the basis of that oxygen-saturated hemoglobin absorbs more infrared light and allows more red light to pass through, while deoxygenated hemoglobin allows more infrared light to pass through and absorbs more red light 10 & The immunity of a pulse oximeter without an internal battery to voltage harmonics and sags has been tested by [101]: various effects on the performance were observed in the both cases, such as dimmed display without data loss and the device turned off but restarted. The immunity of a pulse oximeter with an internal battery has been tested by [106]: the device did not stop after 500 ms supply interruption 7 [FOOTNOTE:7]Footnote 7: As can be noticed in [104] (which focuses on electrocardiogram, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, capnography, and temperature signals), electricity-related issues, such as power-line interference and improper lead contact or connection, are only a small part of the possible causes of artifacts in patient monitor data. 8 In addition, the authors of [107] also underline the importance of proper grounding (earth) in hospitals. 9 Three types of magnets can be used depending on the type (construction) of the machine—permanent, resistive, and superconductive. The gradient system uses gradient coils the purpose of which purpose is to spatially modulate the main magnetic field by creating a secondary magnetic field. 10 Arterial blood is the oxygenated blood, and therefore is bright red in color. Venomous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, to the lungs to be exhaled, has a lower oxygen content and higher concentration of waste products, and therefore is dark red in color (which looks purple through the translucent skin). \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 4: _Cont._Lastly, one more topic that needs to be briefly discussed is the role of PQ in the Smart Grid.