# Smart Bandwidth Assignation in an Underlay Cellular Network for Internet of Vehicles
## 5 Proposed Solution Tests and Validation
### Simulation Results  
This section introduces and analyzes the results obtained according to C-UEs' traffic pattern. These outputs are discussed at Section 6. Therefore, 15 groups of simulation instances have been carried out by varying in each group the size of packets transmitted by C-UEs. Each group of instances have been evaluated in the nine scenarios defined in Table 2.  
The analysis starts with the presentation of throughput results. First of all, Figure 4 shows the throughput offered to V-UE users by the three different RRM algorithms evaluated. On the one hand, Figure 4a shows the average throughput reached by V-UEs in each scenario. On the other hand, Figure 4b exposes the total average throughput given to V-UEs by each RRM algorithm according to C-UEs' traffic pattern. Figure 4 shows that the RRM proposed in this paper provides higher throughput values to V-UE users than the other RRM algorithms that have been evaluated. In addition, Figure 4 shows us that values of V-UEs' throughput are independent of the C-UEs' traffic pattern. This conclusion comes from the linear trend followed by the V-UEs' throughput results of all the RRM solutions evaluated. The reason is that V-UE packets always follow the same traffic pattern defined by 3 GPP TR 36.885 v14.0.0 (2016-06), which defines the CAM traffic pattern followed by V-UEs. This traffic pattern consists of periodically transmitting first a packet of 300 bytes followed by 4 of 190 bytes. In addition, by delving into results of Figure 4a, it is noticed that while the number of V-UEs increases, the throughput given to V-UEs rises, since the maximum throughput value is achieved at Scenario 9, where there are 45 V-UEs and 5 C-UEs, and the minimum value is accomplished at Scenario 1, where 5 V-UEs and 45 C-UEs coexist. Table 3 summarizes the average V-UE' throughput results showed in Figure 4b. These values demonstrate the previous conclusions because, first of all, values show that the three RRM solutions are linear according to C-UEs' packet size and, secondly, they evidence that the highest throughput average value of V-UEs is achieved by the RRM solution proposed in this paper. Figure 5 presents the total average throughput offered to the set of users, C-UEs and V-UEs, according to the C-UEs' packet size in the nine previously explained scenarios. Values of total throughput for all the set of users in each scenario is presented in Figure 5a. Nevertheless, Figure 5b shows the total average values obtained in each RRM solution for all users according to the C-UEs' packet size. Figure 5a shows that the three evaluated RRM solutions follow a similar and increasing trend which coincides with the increment of the C-UEs packet size. This increasing trend is understandable because the bigger the C-UE packet is, the higher number of resources it requ  
Figure 4: Throughput offered to V-UEs based on C-UEs’ traffic pattern. (a) Average Throughput of V-UEs in different scenarios; (b) Total Average Throughput of V-UEs. clear in Figure 5b, which additionally shows that the RRM algorithm proposed in this paper provides higher values of throughput to the users. In addition, looking into results from Figure 5a, we obtain that the highest throughput accomplished is in the Scenario 9, where 5 V-UEs and 45 C-UEs coexist. This is owing to C-UEs generating a higher volume of information than V-UEs. Finally, Figure 5b reveals that comparing the other RRM evaluated alternatives, the underlay solution offers higher throughput than the overlay one. These conclusions are revealed again in Table 4. In the manner of Table 3, Table 4 presents the average throughput offered to all the users by the different RRM solutions analyzed. Figure 6 displays the spectral efficiency achieved by V2V links. In this case, Figure 6a shows the average spectral efficiency reached by V2V links in each evaluated scenario and Figure 6b presents the total average spectral efficiency of these V2V communications taking into account the results of all the scenarios.