## 3 Results  
### Satellite Tracking Summary  
A total of 33 SPLASH satellite tags were deployed on reef manta rays in four regions in central and eastern Indonesia (Table 1). Most tags were attached to adult individuals; however, two tags were deployed on juveniles in Sangalaki (Berau), and three tags were attached to subadults in each region, except Berau. The tagged individuals predominantly consisted of females (\(n\) = 21), while 11 were males, and one individual had an unidentified sex. The estimated disk widths of the tagged animals varied as follows: Sangalaki from 190 to 340 cm (mean = 266 \(\pm\) 67), Nusa Penida from 250 to 380 cm (mean = 319 \(\pm\) 39), Komodo from 250 to 380 cm (mean = 327 \(\pm\) 46), and Raja Ampat ranged from 260 to 370 cm (mean = 326 \(\pm\) 35).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & **Aggregation** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Region**} & **N** & **N** & **Visitation Time** \\  & & **Sites** & & **Manta Rays** & **Revisitations** & **(Mean \(\pm\) SD)** \\ \hline
1 & Sangalaki & Berau & 3 & 29 & \(52.0\pm 86.1\) \\
2 & Manta Point & Nusa Penida & 5 & 25 & \(29.6\pm 43.7\) \\
3 & Karang Makassar & Komodo & 4 & 21 & \(19.4\pm 49.8\) \\
4 & Manta Ridge & Raja Ampat & 1 & 19 & \(18.7\pm 12.7\) \\
5 & Wai & Raja Ampat & 2 & 18 & \(22.8\pm 27.7\) \\
6 & Yefnabi Keeli & Raja Ampat & 2 & 24 & \(66.3\pm 90.9\) \\
7 & Eagle Rock & Raja Ampat & 5 & 15 & \(10.3\pm 14.6\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Summary of revisitations by satellite-tracked reef manta rays at seven primary aggregation sites, including the number of reef manta rays (N manta rays), the number of revisitations (N revisitations), and mean visitation time (hours).  
Of the 33 satellite tags deployed, eight tags were excluded from further analysis due to the following factors: one tag failed to transmit any data, and seven were prematurely released, yielding only minimal GPS position data. The tracking periods for the 25 satellite tags with usable data ranged from 7 to 118 days (mean = 50 \(\pm\) 30). In Nusa Penida, the tracking period for most tags ranged from 31 July to 12 November 2014 (Table 1). In Berau, the tracking period ranged from 6 May to 3 August 2015, slightly overlapping with the tracking period in Komodo, which spanned from 10 April to 23 June 2015. In Raja Ampat, the tracking periods for several manta rays overlapped at different times across different years. The number of Fastloc GPS positions collected varied among the satellite tags, ranging from 13 to 344 positions (mean = 118 \(\pm\) 94). The straight-line distance traveled by the tagged reef manta rays (measured across land) ranged from 49.8 to 1271.9 km (mean = 499.6 \(\pm\) 359.0). The average movement speed varied between 0.04 and 0.50 m/s with a mean speed of 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.11 m/s. A one-way ANOVA test revealed no significant effect of region on the average movement speed \((p=0.121)\). The average movement speeds of the satellite-tracked reef manta rays were comparable across regions: Berau (0.23 \(\pm\) 0.07), Nusa Penida (0.15 \(\pm\) 0.08), Komodo (0.19 \(\pm\) 0.11), and Raja Ampat (0.29 \(\pm\) 0.11).  
We employed an unpaired two-sample t-test to examine the differences in the total distance traveled between males and females, as the Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that the data were normally distributed (\(p=0.434\) for males and \(p=0.207\) for females), and the F-test revealed no significant differences in variance between the sexes (\(p=0.672\)). The mean total distance traveled by females was slightly higher (mean = 532 \(\pm\) 389 km) compared to males (mean = 427 \(\pm\) 322 km). However, the t-test indicated no significant effect of sex on the total distance traveled by the satellite-tracked reef manta rays (\(p=0.538\)).