# Smart Home Technology Solutions for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
###### Abstract  
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality globally. Despite improvement in therapies, people with CVD lack support for monitoring and managing their condition at home and out of hospital settings. Smart Home Technologies have potential to monitor health status and support people with CVD in their homes. We explored the Smart Home Technologies available for CVD monitoring and management in people with CVD and acceptance of the available technologies to end-users. We systematically searched four databases, namely Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and IEEE, from 1990 to 2020 (search date 18 March 2020). \"Smart-Home\" was defined as a system using integrated sensor technologies. We included studies using sensors, such as wearable and non-wearable devices, to capture vital signs relevant to CVD at home settings and to transfer the data using communication systems, including the gateway. We categorised the articles for parameters monitored, communication systems and data sharing, end-user applications, regulations, and user acceptance. The initial search yielded 2462 articles, and the elimination of duplicates resulted in 1760 articles. Of the 36 articles eligible for full-text screening, we selected five Smart Home Technology studies for CVD management with sensor devices connected to a gateway and having a web-based user interface. We observed that the participants of all the studies were people with heart failure. A total of three main categories--Smart Home Technology for CVD management, user acceptance, and the role of regulatory agencies--were developed and discussed. There is an imperative need to monitor CVD patients' vital parameters regularly. However, limited Smart Home Technology is available to address CVD patients' needs and monitor health risks. Our review suggests the need to develop and test Smart Home Technology for people with CVD. Our findings provide insights and guidelines into critical issues, including Smart Home Technology for CVD management, user acceptance, and regulatory agency's role to be followed when designing, developing, and deploying Smart Home Technology for CVD. cardiovascular disease; chronic disease; sensor; smart home; information technology; user acceptance; regulatory agency; COVID-19 20222022022022022020220220220220202202202202202202202202202220  
increased risk of fatal outcomes if infected by COVID-19 [8]. Recent home quarantine and lockdowns measures due to COVID-19 have forced social isolation and a drastic decline in PA [9], further increasing the global risk of CVD burden [10]. The advancements in communication and sensing technologies and availability of remotely accessible medical devices have instigated a rapid development in Smart Home Technology (SHT) [11; 12; 13]. 'Smart homes' are residences equipped with hardware and software components, including sensors and home appliances capable of providing users demanded services such as energy management, remote monitoring and control, and support and assistance in living [11; 12; 13]. Additionally, a health smart home has various integrated technologies to monitor and evaluate the inhabitant's health and well-being to provide timely context-aware e-health services [14]. A recent study evaluated diabetes patients' activity, diet, and exercise compliance in SHT settings and observed that SHT settings are essential in providing accessible, low-cost health assistance in an individual's home and providing the best possible quality of life [15]. In contrast, an SHT developed and tested in laboratory settings to monitor the well-being of elderly residents with dementia in care homes was unable to be deployed in real time due to infrastructure deficiencies [16].