# Artificial Intelligence in Aviation: New Professionals for New Technologies
## 4 Results
### Traditional Aviation Sectors: Identifying and Categorizing the Foundational Pillars  
Block 1 of the proposed methodological approach (Figure 1) represents the initial stage where all the conventional areas within the aviation industry are identified and categorized. It forms the basis for understanding the variety and scope of the industry.  
The aviation industry is a large and diverse sector encompassing many conventional areas that each play a unique role in enabling flight. To understand the full scope of the aviation industry, it is helpful to identify and describe the key traditional sectors that comprise it.  
The airline sector is arguably the most visible face of aviation. Commercial airlines provide scheduled air transportation services for passengers and cargo using large jet aircraft. Major airlines operate extensive domestic and international route networks. Regional airlines feed passengers from smaller cities into the major airlines' hubs. Charter airlines offer unscheduled flights on demand. The airline sector generates the majority of the industry's revenue from fares and cargo shipping charges.  
A second core aviation sector is aircraft manufacturing. Major manufacturers like Boeing and Airbus design and produce large civil jet aircraft. Business jet makers like Bombardier and Gulfstream supply the corporate and private markets. Manufacturers of small piston-engine aircraft cater to personal flying and training markets. These original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) provide a steady supply of new aircraft for airlines, businesses, and individuals.  
A third traditional sector is airports. Commercial airports serve airlines and general aviation. Operators manage airport infrastructure, including runways, terminals, air traffic control towers, navigation aids, and more. Larger airports essentially function as small cities. Revenue comes from fees paid by airlines, tenant businesses, and passengers.  
General aviation refers to all civilian flying apart from scheduled airlines and the military. It includes private pilots, flight schools, corporate aviation, air taxi services, agricultural aviation, and more. Companies like Cessna and Cirrus design manufacture popular small aircraft for personal flying and training. General aviation relies on a vast decentralized network of small airports and helicports.  
Other support sectors like aircraft maintenance keep planes flying safely. Aviation fuel provides the vital energy source for flight. Air navigation service providers manage the air traffic control systems guiding aircraft through the sky. Aviation training education establishments train pilots, mechanics, air traffic controllers, and other skilled workers.  
The initial identification and understanding of these conventional sectors provide the foundation to study the aviation industry as a whole. The taxonomy of traditional aviation sectors is shown in Figure 2. The data represented in the taxonomy are an amalgamation of literature reviews, encompassing over 70 research articles and industry reports. Furthermore, we conducted 18 in-depth interviews with seasoned industry professionals within the frame of the \"COST Action TU1408 Air Transport and Regional Development\" project ([[https://tsi.lv/projects/cost-action-tu1408-air-transport-and-regional-development-atard/](https://tsi.lv/projects/cost-action-tu1408-air-transport-and-regional-development-atard/)]([https://tsi.lv/projects/cost-action-tu1408-air-transport-and-regional-development-atard/](https://tsi.lv/projects/cost-action-tu1408-air-transport-and-regional-development-atard/)) accessed on 7 August 2023), ensuring a comprehensive representation of the field. The taxonomy figures were constructed by categorizing and cross-referencing findings from these diverse sources, reflecting a holistic view of the topic.