## 1 Introduction  
The main reason for the increasing occurrence of non-tectonic geological hazards (subsidence and sinkholes) is anthropogenic usage of water resources due to rapid increase of the world population and the corresponding need to accommodate and meet daily needs [1, 2]. Land subsidence occurs in built and agricultural areas and is related to groundwater extraction due to the compression of overdraft aquifer systems [3, 4]. Sinkhole formation occurs in areas where bedrock consists of highly soluble calcium carbonate or evaporitic rocks, such as limestone and rock salt. Increased land subsidence and sinkhole occurrence, which previously were not perceived as a threat in areas of low population density, limited agricultural activities, and restricted industrial areas, have now posed a greater danger and risk to human life [5]. Sinkholes can cause severe financial losses, especially in built environments, and may unfortunately result in human loss. Therefore, monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of land subsidence and the sinkhole activity is needed for disaster prevention and sustainable development of agriculture and urban areas. In recent years, land subsidence and sinkhole activity have been detected and monitored using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. InSARis a microwave remote sensing technique that provides information on spatial and temporal surface deformations using a phase difference between two SAR acquisitions in the line of sight (LOS) between the satellite and the surface. Differential InSAR (DInSAR), which is the classical InSAR method, detects surface displacement between two SAR acquisition times. However, this technique restricts the monitoring of the temporal change in surface deformation and has a few disadvantages that limit its usage [19; 20; 21; 22; 23]. These disadvantages consist of errors such as perpendicular baseline, spatial-temporal decorrelation, digital elevation model error, and tropospheric delay. In order to reduce these difficulties and monitor the temporality of deformation changes, InSAR time series techniques were developed, such as Persistent Scattering Interferometry (PSI) [19] and Small BASeline Subset (SBAS) [24]. SAR technology and SAR satellite missions have been improved over the years. In 2014, the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 launched the Sentinel-1 satellite mission, which operates a C-band radar (5.56 cm wavelength) with 6-12 days repeat orbit. Sentinel-1 data has been widely used for monitoring land subsidence in areas prone to sinkhole formation worldwide, including Texas [25], Iran [26], and Western Central Florida [27]. Sinkhole-induced deformation was also detected by X-band (3.1 cm wavelength) COnstellation of small Satellites for the Mediterranean basin Observation (COSMO SkyMed) satellite constellation and the TerraSAR-X satellite [28; 29; 30]. The precursory deformation, which are harbingers of sinkhole formations, were detected along the Dead Sea (DS) shorelines in Israel using InSAR measurements by using COSMO-SkyMed satellites, by [28; 29]. These studies show that in some cases, InSAR observations used to determine the progress of sinkhole induced deformation prior to the sinkhole's collapse and, hence, can be used to minimize damage to people and property. In Turkey, the Karapinar region located in Konya Closed Basin, has been affected by land subsidence and sinkhole activity (Figure 1). The area is an essential agricultural basin of the country. For centuries, agricultural activity in the basin was conducted by dry farming. However, since the 2000s, irrigated farming areas have increasingly become dependent on groundwater usage in and around Karapinar [31]. The increased usage of groundwater in Karapinar and its vicinity increased land subsidence and sinkhole formations in the region over the past decade [32; 33; 34].