## 5 Discussion and Research Findings
### Positive Aspects of Blockchain Technology  
Analysis of these papers reveals several significant trends and insights. Blockchain technology in education spans a wide range of applications, from simplifying digital rights management and credential verification [21] to enabling innovative funding models for higher education [22]. Multiple studies highlight blockchain's potential to prevent credential falsification and ensure the integrity of academic records [7; 35]. The technology also shows promise in solving issues related to resource allocation and copyright enforcement in educational settings [42].  
Several researchers propose using blockchain in conjunction with other technologies to enhance teaching methods and monitor student engagement [12]. The readiness of leadership appears to be a crucial factor in the successful adoption of blockchain technology in higher education [43]. Additionally, several studies focus on the potential of blockchain to address educational challenges in developing countries, suggesting its global relevance [44]. The research extends beyond traditional educational applications, exploring the use of blockchain in areas such as ideological and political education [45].  
These insights from our literature review provide a solid foundation for addressing our research questions regarding the potential benefits, challenges, and future of blockchain-based technology in the Australian education system. By synthesising the most recent research in the field, we can identify emerging trends and draw meaningful conclusions about the implications of blockchain technology for education in Australia and beyond.  
**Credential Management:** This emerged as the most significant application for educational institutions. Studies support the use of blockchain for generating, verifying, and authenticating credentials such as badges and certificates using digital signatures and smart contracts. The system's security is ensured through immutability and decentralisation [11; 21; 44; 46; 47].  
**Recruitment Processes:** Blockchain technology enhances recruitment processes by verifying the accuracy of resume data [47; 48]. In education administration, blockchain offers solutions for storing academic metadata, verifying and generating certificates, and managing educational resources [21; 24; 38].  
**E-learning:** Blockchain implementation can significantly benefit e-learning by automating enrolment, grading, and certification processes [6; 7; 13; 44]. It has the potential to reduce learning costs and increase accessibility to millions of learners, particularly in developing countries [24; 49].  
**Financial Support:** Innovative applications include the development of crowdfunding loan platforms that monitor both students and investors, facilitating agreements on loan terms and conditions through smart contracts [11].  
**Future Applications:** Blockchain shows potential in virtual environments like the metaverse [7; 14; 35; 50]. It also demonstrates promise in promoting innovative thinking in political and ideological education [45], enhancing leadership readiness in educational institutions [43], and improving blended teaching methods, particularly in health-related fields [12]. For a summary of the benefits of blockchain in higher education, please refer to Table 2.  
These findings suggest that blockchain technology has the potential to address several challenges in the Australian education system, from credential verification to inclusive access to education and innovative teaching methods. These positive aspects, especially those related to credential management and recruitment processes, reflect the promises highlighted in the introduction regarding the security and transparency blockchain offers to educational institutions. The integration of blockchain into areas like e-learning and financial support furthers the argument for blockchain's transformative potential within the context of higher education, as initially outlined.