## 2 Literature Review
### Digital Technologies Used in Cleaning and Hygiene Processes  
The literature presented in this section addresses current approaches to the use of digital technologies in maintaining cleaning and hygiene standards in healthcare services. Existing studies enable monitoring, management, as well as continuous improvement of cleaning, hygiene, and sterilization processes through sensor-based systems, AI-supported processes, automated monitoring applications, and IoT-based solutions. Systems for monitoring air quality and personnel movements stand out among the capabilities provided by digital technologies. For example, an application proposed by [PERSON] et al. [13] uses sensor-based techniques to monitor particle density levels and staff activities in operating rooms for air quality control, utilizing a fuzzy logic model implemented with this data. The main goal of this approach is to minimize the risk of hospital-acquired infections by reducing airborne transmission hazards during surgical operations. A similar method examined in the study by [PERSON] et al. focuses on minimizing the chances of disinfection by utilizing an AI-assisted PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) cycle [3]. This strategy enables process improvements through the analysis of extensive data sets. Researching the monitoring and enhancement of hand hygiene practices is a significant area of study that deserves attention in the field of healthcare compliance standards, as highlighted by [PERSON] et al. [14], who monitored healthcare personnel's hand hygiene practices in real time through wearable devices and automated reminders. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [4] introduced a hand hygiene alert system powered by machine learning technology for real time use at hospitals that provides an affordable approach to improving adherence to hand hygiene guidelines in order to reduce the transmission of hospital-acquired infections. The use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and IoT-based systems among the digital technologies employed in operational process management has also been extensively discussed in the literature. A system that monitors hand hygiene independently and utilizes technologies has been suggested to improve infection prevention measures effectively [5]. This setup can track handwashing behaviors through gadgets and intelligent dispensers while offering immediate guidance if handwashing protocols are not followed accurately. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [7] in their study on healthcare technology innovation implementation in hospitals and clinics utilized RFID technology for tracking the real-time locations of patients well as staff members and medical equipment to effectively reduce the potential risks associated with the transmission of infectious diseases within healthcare facilities. Similar systems used in intensive care units and emergency departments [15] involve the live tracking of patient information to promptly identify situations that call for immediate action. Additionally, the system proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [16] aimed to improve healthcare personnel's adherence to standards by monitoring hand hygiene practices regarding patient beds through RFID technology. Digital tracking systems stand out in monitoring cleaning processes. [PERSON] [17] introduced a QR-code-based digital cleaning monitoring system that digitizes cleaning forms, thereby increasing operational efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [18] developed a system using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons to track the location and hand hygiene compliance of healthcare personnel. The mobile app called \"I Scrub\" developed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] stands out as a practical tool for monitoring and managing hand hygiene compliance. This application is proposed as an alternative solution to expensive and time-consuming methods. Within the scope of the literature reviewed, these studies show that integrating digital technologies into cleaning and hygiene processes in healthcare services enhances service quality, patient safety, and operational efficiency.