## 5 Overview of Existing Technique
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Technique** & **Core Term** & **Core Idea** & **Solution** & **Drawbacks** \\ \hline
[127] & Multi-service 5G Network. & Network management. & & Described implementation experiences when deploying a small-scale multi-service network prototype, used to demonstrate some selected advanced features of 5G Networking. & Two heterogeneous services over two independent slices, namely, video streaming and AR, showcasing key features such as multi-slice orchestration RAN slicing and support for local breakout. & Software is based on open source components, and most of it is also released as open-source on public repositories. \\ \hline
[128] & NSRA. & Heterogeneous Network. & & A cache-enabled content delivery system for the 5G heterogeneous network base stations and the macro cell as connected servers to host caches. & 5G heterogeneous system model minimise the absolute gap between the data rate necessary and the rate obtained for all users in the system. & 5G heterogeneous system model minimise the absolute gap between the data rate necessary and the rate obtained for all users in the system. & Future studies will incorporate densely-populated urban network simulations with higher-order MIMO. \\ \hline
[129] & IMAKE-GA. & Security and privacy. & Proposed an implicit mutual authentication and key exchange with group anonymity via proxy re-encryption on elliptic curve. & IMAKE-GA protocol secures distributed, the secure association between network slice N5 pairs. It employs proxy re-encryption utilising bilinear pairing on an elliptic curve. & The next step is to integrate this method with grant-less uplink transmission schemes, as the scheduler has outdated views of the UE uplink. \\ \hline
[130] & SLAs. & KPIs. & A solution that introduces a preemption mechanism to cut low-latency traffic while addressing the issue of flexible traffic that necessitates a higher throughput is provided. & The suggested solution’s primary acting element is PASS, addressing the issue of flexible traffic that necessitates a higher throughput is provided. & The suggested solution’s primary acting element is PASS, addressing the suspicious services to each traffic type based on SLA demands. & The next step is to integrate this method with grant-less uplink transmission schemes, as the scheduler has outdated views of the UE uplink. \\ \hline
[131] & URRLC. & Architecting RAN Slicing. & This study outlines certain crucial architecture design parameters, system components, and interactions that enable RAN slicing for URLLC. & High-level architecture to tackle the URLLC and network slicing problems via a MEC system, focusing on design criteria, system components and basic interactions. & These crucial outstanding issues set the path for future research initiatives in this direction. \\ \hline
[132] & Agile and flexible service platforms. & Mobile networks. & TPresented Mosaic5G, a community-led community-led consortium for sharing platforms, featuring the software components FlexRAN, EL-MEC, JOX, and JOX on top of OpenAirInterface platform. & Mosaic5G, a community-led partnership for platform sharing. It offers the software components FlexRAN, LL-MEC, JOX, and Store, all of which are designed to help produce an open-source 5G research environment. \\ \hline
[133] & End-to-end NFV. & Noisy Neighbor. & Proposed an approach that reduces noise by applying dynamic CPU pinning coupled with load balancing dependent on dynamic network slicing. & TDemonstrated an end-to-end framework for noisy neighbour situations, regardless of NFV deployment model. & Mussi employ tools that imitate the actual world infrastructure to gauge the framework’s effect. \\ \hline
[134] & System Throughput Maximization. & Resource allocation. & Study the topic of underutilised 5G heterogeneous network spectrum resources. & Perform offloading in a multi-channel context. So, in order to optimise total system throughput, a solution is devised that incorporates power regulation and interference. \\ \hline
[135] & Network resources allocation. & SLAs. & Aimed to reduce energy consumption in the network by simultaneously solving the user association and backhaul routing problems. & A possible solution is point-to-point networks with enormous bandwidth available in the mmWave frequency spectrum. & Work on a case when both base stations and backhaul lines are disabled to obtain even more energy savings. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}