# Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Gait Kinematics in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease
## 3 Results  
A total of 61.5% of participants were in stage 1.0 whereas 11.5% and 27.0% were in stage 1.5 and 2.0, respectively, of the modified H-Y scale. A total of 22 participants underwent daily medication with LEDD (452.5 \(\pm\) 331.8 mg/daily; min: 0 mg/daily, max: 1210 mg/daily), whereas 4 of them were not on any PD medication. The mean MDS-UPDRS score was 33.25 \(\pm\) 14.14, while the mean UPDRS-III (MDS-UPDRS-ME) score was 16.28 \(\pm\) 7.66. A significant main effect of condition was observed on walking time [(F\({}_{2,50}\) = 9.672, \(p\)\(<\) 0.01, \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.279)]. Post hoc analysis showed that walking time was significantly (\(p\) \(<\) 0.01) longer in CC (9.7 \(\pm\) 1.6 s) than in WBV (9.3 \(\pm\) 1.4 s) and in HS condition (9.0 \(\pm\) 1.4 s). No significant differences between WBV and HS conditions were observed for walking time (Figure 2A). Figure 2: Results of gait parameters. (**A**) Time; (**B**) propulsion R\({}_{i}\) (**C**) propulsion L; (**D**) pelvic tilt; (**E**) cadence. Data are presented as mean \(\pm\) SD. CC, Control condition; WBV, whole-body vibration; HS, half squat\({}^{*}\)\(p\)\(\leq\) 0.05; \({}^{**}\)\(p\)\(\leq\) 0.01. Regarding gait kinematic parameters, a significant effect of condition was observed on propulsion R [(F\({}_{2,50}\) = 8.491, \(p\) = 0.01, \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.254)]. Post hoc analysis showed that propulsion R was significantly higher (\(p\) < 0.01) in HS (6.9 \(\pm\) 1.2\({}^{\circ}\)) than in CC (6.3 \(\pm\) 1.2\({}^{\circ}\)) and in WBV (6.4 \(\pm\) 1.3\({}^{\circ}\)) conditions. No significant difference was observed on propulsion R between CC (6.3 \(\pm\) 1.2\({}^{\circ}\)) and WBV (6.4 \(\pm\) 1.3\({}^{\circ}\)) conditions (Figure 2B). Moreover, a significant effect of condition was observed on propulsion L [(F\({}_{2,50}\) = 3.988, \(p\) < 0.05, \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.138)]. Post hoc analysis showed that propulsion L was significantly higher in HS (6.9 \(\pm\) 1.4\({}^{\circ}\)) than CC (6.4 \(\pm\) 1.4\({}^{\circ}\), \(p\) = 0.01) and WBV (6.5 \(\pm\) 1.3\({}^{\circ}\), \(p\) = 0.05) conditions. No significant difference between CC (6.4 \(\pm\) 1.4\({}^{\circ}\)) and WBV (6.5 \(\pm\) 1.3\({}^{\circ}\)) was observed (Figure 2C). A significant effect of condition was observed for pelvic tilt [(F\({}_{2,50}\) = 3.653, \(p\) < 0.05, \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.127)]. Post hoc analysis showed that pelvic tilt was significantly lower (\(p\) < 0.05) in CC (59.9 \(\pm\) 24.6%) than WBV (67.7 \(\pm\) 23.6%) and HS (69.6 \(\pm\) 18.7%) conditions. No significant difference was observed between WBV (67.7 \(\pm\) 23.6%) and HS (69.6 \(\pm\) 18.7%) for pelvic tilt (Figure 2D). A significant effect of condition was observed for cadence [(F\({}_{2,50}\) = 5.019, \(p\) = 0.01, \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.167)]. Post hoc analysis showed that cadence was significantly higher in HS (115.6 \(\pm\) 7.5 steps/min) than CC (112.3 \(\pm\) 10.8 steps/min, \(p\) < 0.05) and WBV (113.5 \(\pm\) 8.9 steps/min, \(p\) = 0.05). No significant difference was observed on cadence between CC (112.3 \(\pm\) 10.8 steps/min) and WBV (113.5 \(\pm\) 8.9 steps/min) (Figure 2E).