# Open-Pit Map: An HD Map Data Model for Open-Pit Mines
## 3 OpenPit-Map Data Model
Alert zones are categorized into personnel and equipment alert zones, which are relevant during both blasting and construction activities. * \"MineBench\". Used to describe the terraces in open-pit mining. A terrace is composed of multiple bench lines (BenchLine), with two types: BL_TOP (top line) and BL_BOTTOM (bottom line). Describing bench lines helps to define the drivable area for production operations. * \"Location\". This is used to describe various area positions within the open-pit mining scene and is a core part of the data model. Defining and accurately locating these positions are crucial for mining production scheduling, path planning, and safety management. The UML class diagram of its data structure is shown in Figure 5. There are various types of locations, including crushing stations, stockyards, dumps, intersection control areas, maintenance areas, fueling stations, rest areas, loading points, shift change areas, area entrances, and area exits, totaling 11 types. When describing specific attributes for each type of location, the crushing stations, stockyards, and dumpsites are collectively referred to as ore unloading locations. For each type of location, there are descriptions of nine specific positions. Location status information (StatusType) includes closed, ready, standby, delayed, and shift change statuses. The definition of location status is important for real-time information during scheduling, ensuring real-time and optimal scheduling under both normal and emergency circumstances. In the \"Location\" element, DumpLocation describes the unloading position of an open-pit mine. Vehicles need to transport waste rock to the dump and ore from the loading point to the crushing station or stockyard. ControlLocation describes the control area of a road intersection, defines the control point in addition to the job location point, the road endpoint, and the device will trigger real-time events when entering or leaving the control point area, such as real-time optimal path planning. ShiftLocation, MaintenanceLocation, and FuelLocation describe the shift location, equipment maintenance location and fueling location, respectively. The FuelType is used to indicate the type of fuel station, including diesel and electric. BreakLocation describes the resting (parking) location of the mine. LoadLocation describes the loading location. In order to meet the ore blending requirements and scheduling optimization in production operations, it is necessary to associate the loading position with the detonation reactor location and material information. EntranceLocation and ExitLocation are used to describe the points where vehicles or equipment enter and exit specific areas or regions. These points typically correspond to the entry and exit points during loading or unloading and are usually located at the end of a road where they overlap with the target area. Each exit point can only belong to one specific area. These locations are critical for managing the flow of vehicles and equipment, especially during loading and unloading operations. For each type of area location, in addition to describing its positioning point, an electronic fence (Beacon) is used to define the area's boundaries. This electronic fence serves as a virtual signal expression. When a vehicle needs to reach an area location as part of its work scheduling, the electronic fence's role is to trigger real-time path planning, speed adjustments, and action information events when the vehicle enters or exits the area's boundaries. Each location and road segment will have speed limit information (SpeedLimitInfo) as well as information describing triggering events (Event). Figure 4: UML class diagram of MineMap data structures.