## 5 Discussion
), the most pervasive technologies are as follows: fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), selective laser sintering (SLS), and laser-directed energy deposition (LDED). Through RQ3(Which parameters affect the quality and safe usage of 3D printed dental applications? ), it was concluded that numerous parameters influence the quality of 3D-printed dental applications, including printed-part accuracy, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, photosensitivity, and post-processing. In addition, the parameters that affect the safe usage of 3D-printed dental applications are biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**3D Printing** & **Characteristics** & **Materials** & **Application** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** & **Ref. ** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Fused Deposition} & \multirow{4}{*}{material extrusion} & \multirow{4}{*}{} & & & lower resolution and & \\  & & through a nozzle; a & & & & surface finish; slow & \\  & heater installed in the & & & & & & for high-resolution or \\  & & & & & & & large parts; support & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Fused Deposition} & \multirow{4}{*}{} & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Modeling (FDM)} & \multirow{4}{*}{} & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Stereolithography (SLA)} & \multirow{4}{*}{high-power pulsed} & GC-YSZ composite & \multirow{4}{*}{} & & high precision and & \\  & laser light increases the & & & ceramics; & & accuracy; & \\  & temperature of specific & & & & high-detail, & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & areas to weld or sinter & & & & & & \\  & additional material on a & & & & & & \\  & three-axis moving base; & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Lithography-based Ceramics (LCM)} & \multirow{4}{*}{}  
A limitation of this review is the limited number of studies in the field of biocompatibility, microbiological impact, and cytotoxicity in 3D-printed dental applications. This certainly does not downplay our findings, as we selectively discussed samples that were  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**3D Printing Technology** & **Characteristics** & **Materials** & **Application** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** & **Ref. ** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Selective Laser \\ Melting (SLM) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{6}{*}{CoCr alloy; layer by layer into a solid, dense metal part} & \multirow{6}{*}{CoCr alloy;} & \multirow{6}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} dental restoration; \\ dental prosthetic; \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{6}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} support structures \\ required; very slow \\ build speed; \\ post-processing \\ intensive (heat \\ treatment, support \\ removal, CNC \\ machining, surface \\ polishing); fine metal \\ powders are \\ combustible; very \\ high cost; \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{6}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} [51,52] \\ \end{tabular}  } \\  & &  
sufficient for the analysis (marked \"\" in Figures 5 and 6). Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity are crucial parameters that should be tested, as over time, under the influence of various factors, materials that are potentially hazardous to health can break down in the human mouth. Additionally, microbiological influence is crucial when it comes to the quality (damage to materials caused by bacteria over time) of dental applications, as some, such as implants, are surgically installed in the jaw. Therefore, repeating such a procedure would be potentially dangerous for a patient.