esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# An Overview of Tools and Technologies for Anxiety and Depression Management Using AI
## 4 Results of Overview
### Therapies Using Augmented Reality (AR)  
Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology that combines virtual and actual worlds, enhancing the impression of reality. It facilitates the simultaneous recording and interaction of real and virtual items in a real-time environment. Recently, there has been a significant surge in the use of AR technology in medicine, spanning from educational applications to clinical practice [81]. AR treatments have gained an edge over conventional techniques due to their capacity to substantially affect real-world environments [76].  
In the mental health profession, AR has proven to be a valuable tool for diagnosis, therapy, and management, largely due to its versatility and improved accessibility. It can be easily transmitted through various devices, such as smartphones and tablets [82]. The incorporation of AR in mental health covers a broad spectrum of applications. For instance, AR has been successfully used to treat phobias through exposure therapy, demonstrating comparable effectiveness and lower denial rates [83]. Additionally, AR has been utilized to improve physical and mental health through engaging in video games, physical activities, and educational initiatives. Despite its potential, AR still requires time for improvements. Differences in hardware and software between devices may influence the outcomes of research [84]. For AR to be successfully implemented, a collaborative effort involving physicians, engineers, and software developers is essential [85]. Furthermore, studies have reported side effects such as fatigue and dizziness, which need to be addressed [86].  
Multiple augmented reality (AR) apps have been created to enhance mental health. Happify AR utilizes augmented reality technology to provide interactive and guided mindfulness and meditation activities, aiding users in reducing stress and enhancing mental wellness [43]. Phobos AR is an app aimed to treat people with phobias by allowing them to progressively expose themselves to their fears, such as heights or insects, in a virtual yet realistic environment. This exposure helps them lessen their anxiety levels [87]. Sanvello AR integrates augmented reality features into its platform, providing customers with visual and interactive aids to effectively cope with anxiety and despair. In summary, these applications use augmented reality (AR) technology to provide creative solutions that improve the efficacy of psychotherapy and self-help, resulting in immersive and customized experiences for users.
# Parameterized Optimization in Uncertain Graphs--A Survey and Some Results
## 5 Parameterized Complexity of Probabilistic-Core Problem  
Let \(\mathcal{G}=(V,E,p)\) be an uncertain graph and \(d\) be an integer. Given a set \(K\subseteq V\), we define the probability that the set \(K\) is being a \(d\)-core in \(\mathcal{G}\), denoted by \(\rho_{d}(\mathcal{G},K)\), to be \(\sum_{H\subseteq\mathcal{G}}P(H)I(H,K,d)\), where \(I\) is an indicator variable that takes value \(1\) if and only if the set \(K\) forms a \(d\)-core in the graph \(H\). The decision version of the Probabilistic-Core problem is formally stated as follows: given an uncertain graph \(\mathcal{G}=(V,E,p)\), an integer \(d\) and a probability \(\theta\in[0,1]\), decide if there exists a set \(K\subseteq V\) such that \(\rho_{d}(\mathcal{G},K)\geq\theta\).  
We study the Probabilistic-Core problem under the LRO and RF model. First we show that the Probabilistic-Core-LRO problem and the Individual-Core problem are polynomial time solvable, due to the fact that an uncertain graph under the LRO model has only a polynomial number of worlds. Then we show that the Probabilistic-Core-RF problem is W[1]-hard for the parameter \(d\) and admits an FPT algorithm for the parameter treewidth.
# Industry 4.0 towards Forestry 4.0: Fire Detection Use Case +
## 5 Methodology
### The Importance of Dynamic Window Sizing over IoT-Based Stream Rate Change
Advocating the need of adaptive stream query engine, we proposed a dynamic query window size and type selector, which can monitor various external factors including stream rate, resource constraints and application requirement to propose the most optimal window size and type for a given query. The proposed solution is also capable of detecting any in-efficiencies and re-deploy the optimal query. A real-world use case of forest fire monitoring based on IoT data is selected to evaluate the dynamic window selector in the fire situation when the stream rate is changed i.e., weather sensor start sending data in high stream rate.
## 4 Experiments and Evaluation
### Hypothetical Scenario  
#### 4.2.1 First Floor Underperformance  
First Floor Miswiring Identification Procedure  
As shown in Figure, meter H is metering the electricity consumption of an HVAC component, and is a submeter to meter A. We define a lighting PT, P, that is run on meter A. In the event that P fails, one procedure to be applied would be the Miswiring identification Procedure to discover whether meter A has any submeters that do not belong to the lighting subsystems. A query to the Brick model would yield a result that shows all submeters of A: C,D,H. Further postprocessing discovers that H is a meter for the ventilation subsystem. Therefore, if P was executed on A, it could need to be configured correctly, so that P does not consider the consumption metered by H.  
First Floor Location of Underperforming Area Procedure  
The south half floor (left on Figure 2) contains one meter for the area and two case study rooms. The truth table from these meters has eight entries. Three of these situations are of interest as the application of the procedure yields some benefit. If the PTs for the meter in area A fails, while the PTs for the meters in areas C and D pass, then the area containing the underperformance fault is narrowed down to \(\mathrm{A-C-D}\). If area A fails, while either area C or D pass, the area of fault is narrowed down to \(\mathrm{A-C\ or\ A-D}\) depending on which area passed the PT.  
Considering the five meters on the full floor, it is possible to make up 32 different situations using a truth table. As an example, we take the one in which the PT for the overall floor fails (X) and in addition the meters A, C, D, and E pass, while B fails. This is the situation that has the highest gain, considering the fact that the area of the underperforming fault has been narrowed down to \(\mathrm{(A+B)-A}\)\(-\mathrm{C-D-E=B-E}\). An alternative situation with similarly high gain is the situation where the overall meter and A fail, but meters B, E, C, and D pass. In this case the area of the fault has been narrowed down to the area of \(\mathrm{(A+B)-B-C-D=A-C-D}\).
# Development and Prospect of UAV-Based Aerial Electrostatic Spray Technology in China
## 4 Analysis and Prospects
### Impact of UAV Rotor Wind Field on Charged Droplets  
The wind field on a manned fixed-wing aircraft causes charged droplets to settle in the direction of flight towards the area over which the aircraft passes. However, the wind field of a multi-rotor plant protection UAV is chaotic and changeable. It is not a regular wind field in a single direction. Moreover, due to the dual interference of ambient wind and rotor wind field, the charged droplet deposition process is more complicated in the actual operation scenario. Existing studies have basically ignored the working state of bipolar electrostatic spray system under the action of multiple rotor wind fields, the attracting process of positive and negative charged droplets, and the influence of droplets on the humidity of inductive charging electrodes. However, the impact is huge in that the characteristic of charged droplet property undoubtedly loses if the attraction of the charged droplets with positive and negative polarity is affected. In addition, wet electrodes will also make the electrically charged performance worse. Therefore, the influence of UAV rotor wind fields on charged droplets should be paid more attention in future research.  
PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and other techniques can be used to simulate the droplet settling state under the influence of the rotor wind field, natural environmental wind, multiple gradient crosswinds, and other factors, so as to establish a theoretical system for reducing the influence of the rotor UAV downwash wind field and even utilizing the wind field action.
## 1 Introduction  
Precision agriculture is defined as an integrated information and production-based farming system that is designed to increase long-term, site-specific and whole-farm management. Precision agriculture, the future of farming, is a method of farm management that allows the grower to produce more efficiently and realize greater economic gains through controlled use of their input resources [1,2]. Black pepper cultivation is a special type of precision agriculture: the application of information technologies is used to maximize the production potential of the pepper. Peppercors (dried black pepper) are, by monetary value, the most widely traded spice in the world. Pepper can be grown in soil that is neither too dry nor susceptible to flooding, moist, well-drained and rich in organic matter. New Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies can be useful and efficient to provide remote and real-time monitoring for high quality production and processing systems. WSNs allow continuous, round the clock, welfare monitoring with greater robustness than would be achieved using human observation alone [3,4]. It is now feasible to monitor and capture measurements of the black pepper cultivation in tropical areas. The application of WSNs allows farmers to make more informed decisions on the efficient use of resources [5].  
In this research, we designed an energy-efficient solution for monitoring a black pepper cultivation in the Hainan province of China. We optimized the base station antenna height in order to facilitate reliable communication. The ESPIN protocol was utilized to solve the energy saving challenge. We added a new phase, called distance discovery, to find the distance of each sensor node in the network from the sink node in terms of hops, in order to save more energy. Whenever a sensor node receives packets from its neighbors, it checks the hop distances and sets the distance to the minimum. On making sure that the receiving node is nearer to the sink node in comparison with the node that has sent the data, the receiving nodes start to receive data. A compulsory transmission mechanism is also present in the ESPIN to avoid packet loss. Finally, we conducted an experiment assessing the lifetime of two different topologies for prolonging the performance of our system.  
Following this introduction, Section 2 gives an overview of related work. Section 3 depicts the system architecture we developed and how to optimize base station antenna height. Section 4 introduces routing protocols involving Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) and ESPIN and especially details the energy conservative method of ESPIN. Experiments of energy consumption and data transmission reliability on routing protocols and topologies are given in Section 5 and the results show that the approach we present has a better performance. Finally, we conclude the paper in Section 6.
# Analysis of Water Quality Improvement Effect of Controlled River by Multi-Functional Weir Operation
###### Abstract  
In this study, the water quality change in a stagnant controlled river containing hard management structures due to pulsed flow was simulated. The Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model was used for the water quality change simulation, and the water quality improvement effect caused by pulsed flow was simulated for multiple scenarios. Based on Case 1, in which 274.2-291.8 CMS was discharged for five hours, other scenarios, in which the gate was opened by 0.5 m and 1.0 m while the discharge time was doubled, were simulated. On comparing the water level results with the observed data, a relatively positive result of R2 = 0.82 was obtained. The water quality simulation results showed that the concentrations of Chl-a, COD, and T-P were, respectively, approximately 7.7%, 4.5%, and 4.0% higher in Case 2 than in Case 1, 24 h after the start of discharge. Cases 3 and 4, on the other hand, exhibited decreased concentrations of Chl-a, COD, and T-P 24 h after the start of discharge. These results confirm that pulsed flow leads to different water quality improvement effects depending on the discharge amount and duration. Furthermore, the water quality improvement effect was recorded at close to 0% after 72 h in all scenarios. As the water quality improvement effect due to pulsed flow appears within 24 h and almost disappears after 72 h depending on the scenario, a physical solution to this problem is required.  
c 2022 22 August 2022  
2
# Internalization of Phospholipid-Coated Gold Nanoparticles
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Characterization and Size Distribution of Phospholipid-Coated Gold Nanoparticles  
Phospholipid-coated gold nanoparticles prepared in this manner were fully characterized previously by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [52]. They reported that comparison of measured and calculated diffraction patterns showed that the phospholipid-coated gold nanoparticles had a face-centred cubic lattice structure (Au (a - b = c = 4.0789, Sys. Cubic, Fm-3m)) and that high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed gold structures with sharp edges consistent with cubo-octahedral particles that would arise from growth along the 100 surface. They looked either cubic or hexagonal, depending on the orientation at which they were observed. They also found that the synthetic procedure could control the average particle size as determined by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Examples of synthetic procedures to produce 30 nm and 42 nm average sizes were shown along with larger cubic structures of 120-250 nm. They reported three pieces of evidence to support that there is a coating of a phospholipid membrane on these particles: (1) High resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a 4 nm thick low contrast material on the exterior of the high contrast gold particle (consistent with a 4 nm thick phospholipid bilayer). (2) The zeta-potential was \(-\)65 mV, which is morenegatively charged than the citrate-coated gold nanoparticles with about \(-40\)mV. This is consistent with a coating of negatively charged phospholipids (here phosphatidyl glycerol (PG)). This larger negative zeta-potential also contributes to the stability of these particles in solution as they are less prone to agglomeration. (3) The plasmon resonance of both 30 nm and 42 nm gold nanoparticles are red-shifted by about 5 nm relative to the resonance measured by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [54] for citric acid-coated nanoparticles, which, according to theories by [PERSON] et al. [55] and calculations by [PERSON] [56], is consistent with a 4 nm coating of a material with a refractive index of 1.46 (which compares with the refractive index of phospholipids of 1.456). They further found that the fluorescence of the NBD-labeled phospholipid was quenched by about 80% when the gold-nanoparticles are formed (found by exposing the particles to a detergent that removes the lipid layer). This quenching arose mostly from a quenching by the gold, with some contribution from self-quenching in the lipid bilayer. Finally, they determined that while the lipids could exchange from one gold nanoparticle to another, they were not removed from the gold nanoparticles when taken up by cells. This was established by mixing two types of gold nanoparticles labeled with different fluorescent lipids and observing energy transfer in solution and colocalization in cells.  
In this work, the size and monodispersity of PCAuNPs was measured in water by Malvern Nano-S Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The size of the PCAuNPs was determined to be approximately 20 nm, consistent with previously published work (Figure 1) [51].
# Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization for High-Dimensional Latin Hypercube Design Problem
## 2 Technical Background  
### Latin Hypercube Design  
For an LHD matrix with \(n\) design points and \(m\) dimensions, each matrix column represents a dimension. Each row is a design point. The method of constructing the LHD matrix is shown in Equation (1) [42]:  
\[x_{i,j}=\frac{H(i,j)-\varepsilon(0,1)}{n} \tag{1}\]  
where \(H(i,j)\) is the column function of the LHD, the value is \([1,n]\) and does not repeat; \(\varepsilon(i,j)\) is a uniformly distributed random independent variable of \([0,1]\), whose value is set as 0.5 for the convenience of calculation.  
The non-space-filling and space-filling LHD are shown in Figure 1. An LHD with \(n\) samples and \(m\) factors is built. Each factor is divided into \(n\) levels, and the arrangement of the points makes each level precisely one point. Therefore, LHD has a one-dimensional projected non-collapsing property [43], indicating that projected \(n\)-point onto any factor will lead to exactly \(n\) different factors. The LHD of the \(n\)-th order \(m\) factor can be expressed as an \(n\times m\) matrix. Each row of the matrix corresponds to a design point, and each column is a factor. The total number of LHD designs with \(n\) design points and \(m\) factors is \((n!)^{m-1}\), which increases rapidly with the increase in \(n\) or \(m\). Although the LHD is guaranteed not to collapse, the randomly generated LHD may not always fill the space.
## 2 Results
### Quantification of 2 AP and Other Metabolites  
The highest amount of 2 AP was recorded in _P. amaryllifolius_ (4.38 ppm), followed by Basmati 370 (0.20 ppm) and the absence of 2 AP in IR 64 (Figure 6). The amount of 2 AP in _P. amaryllifolius_ was 20-22 times higher than that in the basmati rice varieties. Thus, _P. amaryllifolius_ produces significantly higher concentrations of 2 AP than fragrant rice. These results are in agreement with earlier reports [8]. Among the metabolites studied, free proline (8.01 umoles/g) and methylglyoxal (130 \(\pm\) 0.020 uM/g) contents were highest in  
Figure 5: A comparative BADH2 enzyme activity using BAD and GAB-ald substrates and gene expression analysis in _P. amaryllifolius_ and rice varieties. The _EF1_ gene was taken as a reference gene for normalization and relative abundance (fold change) was calculated by the 2\({}^{-\Delta\Delta\text{CI}}\) method.  
P. amaryllifolius. [PERSON] et al. (2021) reported 62.3 and 74.8 uM/g of methylglyoxal in rice varieties IR 64 and PB1. This indicates that _P. amaryllifolius_ contains an appreciably higher amount of methylglyoxal, as compared to nonscented rice varieties. Moreover, the same trend was followed by GABA content (10.1 ug/g). The concentration of GABA in various plant parts commonly ranges from 0.03 to 5.5 ug/g (Zab
# Predictive Speed-Control Algorithm Based on a Novel Extended-State Observer for PMSM Drives
## 6 Conclusions  
In this paper, a predictive speed-control algorithm based on a novel extended-state observer for PMSM drives is proposed. Firstly, the design and implementation of a speed tracking controller based on GPC control is introduced for PMSM. Then, to further improve the disturbance rejection ability of the control system, a novel extended-state observer is used to estimate the load torque, and the estimated load torque is introduced to the GPC controller. Compared with PI control method, the simulation and experiment results show that the proposed GPC+ESO control method can obtain a superior dynamic performance with good external and internal disturbances rejection performance, fast speed tracking response, and strong robustness.  
[PERSON] completed all the experiments and wrote the manuscript, [PERSON] designed the proposed control strategy and conceived the structure of the paper, [PERSON] and [PERSON] completed the analysis of the simulation and experimental results.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61703222, in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2018M632622.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
Figure 16: Speed response curves under GPC+ESO method with a sudden change of moment of inertia value. (**a**) \(\Delta J=+50\%\); (**b**) \(\Delta J=-50\%\).  
Figure 15: Speed response curves under GPC+ESO method with a sudden change of stator resistance value. (**a**) \(\Delta R_{s}=+100\%\); (**b**) \(\Delta R_{s}=-50\%\).
## 4 Results and Analysis
### Simulation Results and Analysis
#### 4.1.3 Robustness Under Grid Uncertainties and Disturbances  
The evaluation is conducted under uncertain grid conditions with 150% of Lg and the grid distortion levels are as follows: 3% seventh harmonic and 5% fifth harmonic. Figure 14 shows the high quality of the current injected into the grid using the proposed control method, with a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 1.95%.  
Figure 12: Comparison regarding the tracking abilities.  
Figure 13: Comparison regarding the tracking abilities. (**a**). From 0.5 to 1 p.u. (**b**). From 1.0 to 0.5 p.u.  
As shown in this figure, the result can meet the requirements of the grid-connection regulars and standards. The proposed robust method rejects harmonic disturbances in the grid voltage, thus obtaining a much better operating performance. The following parts studied various factors to research further: solar Irradiance change, module temperature change, grid voltage drop, and slope disturbance.  
The characteristics of a Photovoltaic system determine that its output DC voltage is positively related to solar irradiance. The voltage control system based on the proposed ADRC still shows better disturbance rejection performance if the solar irradiance is in the standard operating conditions.  
Furthermore, solar irradiance is the most significant reason for the module temperature. Figure 15 depicts the waveforms of the DC bus voltage and dq axis current components under two control methods when the module temperature changes. The change span is from 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C, then drops to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C after 0.3 s.  
Figure 16 illustrates the photovoltaic grid-connected system underwent grid voltage drop tests within 0.5 s.  
Figure 14: Grid current and voltage responses when grid voltage disturbances with THD = 1.95% (Different colors illustrates different nominal power operations).  
Figure 15: Comparison Regarding the Module Temperature Changes.  
The improved ADRC exhibits a good tolerance in both DC bus voltage fluctuations and recovery time and has a low voltage ride-through ability.  
Figure 17 gives the plot of the disturbance and the system response when applying a slope disturbance with a slope of 400 into external loop control to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. There is a significant fluctuation in the bus voltage using traditional ADRC, with a wave of about 13.6 V inputting external disturbances.
# An Accurate Direction Finding Scheme Using Virtual Antenna Array via Smartphones
## 5 Performance Evaluation
### Indoor Environments with Single High Frequency Acoustic Waves
#### 5.2.1 Affected by the Distance  
The direction finding accuracies of different distances \(L\) are significant evaluations in our system. Hence, we set \(L\) = 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, \(\phi=30^{\circ},90^{\circ},240^{\circ}\), \(\beta=0^{\circ}\), and the loudspeaker and the smartphone are at the same height, which means \(\theta=0^{\circ}\).  
The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the angular errors of the VUCA system is shown in Figure 8. We notice that the mean error of the VUCA system is less than \(4^{\circ}\) when \(L\) < 20 m, and it is still acceptable when \(L\) = 30 m.