## 3 Results
### Community Composition of the Soil and Phyllosphere
#### 3.2.2 Phyllosphere Fungal Community Diversity and Richness  
As shown in Table 1, _C. epigejos_ had the highest values of the ACE and Chao1 indices among the four grass species (117.25 and 115.05, respectively), while _E. dahuricus_ had the lowest (70.50 and 67.27, respectively). Results showed that _C. epigejos_ had the highest total number of fungi and _E. dahuricus_ the lowest. The Shannon index of _I. cylindrica_ had the highest value (1.66), while _C. epigejos_ had the lowest (0.95). However, the Simpson's Diversity Index of _C. epigejos_ had the highest value (0.66) and that of _I. cylindrica_ the lowest (0.30). Thus, _C. epigejos_ had the lowest fungal community diversity and _I. cylindrica_ the highest.  
As pertains to the phyllosphere fungal communities of the four native grass species investigated, Ascomycota was the dominant phylum and had the highest relative abundance in _I. cylindrica, E. dahuricus, C. epigejos_ and _B. ischaemiaum_, with values of 99.12%, 97.39%, 99.04% and 97.83%, respectively. Basidiomycota was found in the four native grass species with a relative abundance of 0.81%, 2.32%, 0.10% and 2.10%, respectively.  
On a class level, 12 fungal species were identified in total (Figure 3B). Dothideomycetes was the dominant class in all four native grass species, with relative abundances of 98.08% (_I. cylindrica_),  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **ACE** & **[PERSON]** & **[PERSON]** & **[PERSON]** & **Coverage \%** \\ \hline _Bothriochla ischaemtum_ & 110.85 & 108.57 & 1.50 & 0.40 & 99.96\% \\ _Imperata cylindrica_ & 104.59 & 107.00 & 1.66 & 0.30 & 99.95\% \\ _Elymus dahuricus_ & 70.50 & 67.27 & 1.10 & 0.58 & 99.98\% \\ _Calamagrostis epigejos_ & 117.25 & 115.05 & 0.95 & 0.66 & 99.94\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Diversity and richness indices of native grass.  
Figure 2: Soil fungal community composition on leaves, at phylum (**A**) and genus level (**B**).  
97.32% (_E. dahuricus_), 97.33% (_C. epigejos_) and 96.63% (_B. ischaemum_). Pezzomycetes was identified in _I. cylindrica_ and _C. epigejos_; Leotiomycetes was identified in _I. cylindrical_ and _B. ischaemum_; and Ustilaginomycetes was identified in _E. dahuricus_ and _B. ischaemum_.  
This study analyzed the family and genus of the fungal communities of the four native grass species with a relative abundance greater than 0.1% (Figure 3C,D). Pleosporaceae (a member of Ascomycota) was the dominant family of the four native grass species and the undetermined fungal families (_interate familiae_) in _I. cylindric_, _E. dahuricus_, _C. epigejos_, and _B. ischaemum_ reached 18.81%, 13.05%, 12.15% and 19.24%, respectively. On a genus level, _Alternaria_ spp. was the dominant genus in _E. dahuricus_, _C. epigejos_, and _B. ischaemum_, with relative abundances of 75.06%, 80.59% and 60.44%, respectively. However, the dominant fungal genus in _I. cylindric_ was _Amorphothea_ spp. (48.40%). In addition, _Cylindrium_ spp. and _Genolevuria_ spp. were only identified in _I. cylindrica_; _Bjerkandera_ spp. and _Pyrenophora_ spp. were only identified in _E. dahuricus_; and _Geosmithia_ spp. and _Stemphylinum_ spp. were only identified in _C. epigejos_. This study found no specific fungal genus in _B. ischaemum_.