## 1 Introduction
Additionally, comparative studies have assessed China's \"public information guidance systems\" against international standards, focusing on driver recognition and information prioritization. These studies resulted in the development of an ergonomic model addressing signage information requirements, comprehension, and quantity, which integrates layers of goals, methods, indicators, comprehensive evaluations, and subjective assessments. This model provides a holistic analysis of signage guidance effectiveness from the perspectives of driving behavior, cognitive processing, and system design, culminating in the Airport Roadway Traffic Sign System Evaluation Method (ARTSSEM). These findings underscore the scientific and practical value of simulation experiments in assessing the effectiveness of directional signage systems [23]. The effectiveness evaluation of the guidance signage system is mainly based on subjective investigation and objective experiment, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Quantitative evaluation is mainly to analyze the influencing factors and to precisely measure the related variables, for example, visual recognition distance. The reaction time of the subjects when observing the signage was obtained through the eye-tracking instrument, and the amount of information was quantitatively analyzed [24]. Qualitative and quantitative methods are mainly applied to the calculation and analysis of evaluation variables, for example, the order relation analysis method (G1), hierarchical analysis process (AHP), fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE), and data envelopment analysis (DEA) method [25]. Through modeling, the weights of the indicators are quantified and calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of signage. Among them, G1 and AHP methods are subjective evaluation methods, which are mostly assigned to the indicators through expert ratings. Consequently, these methods are frequently employed in signage evaluation to determine the relative importance of evaluation factors and to validate the effectiveness of signage models. DEA is a non-parametric objective evaluation method for evaluating multi-input and multi-output indicators. The Entropy Weight Method (EWM) proposes the concept of information entropy. The smaller the information entropy is, the larger the indicator weight is, which could fully reflect the objectivity of the weights. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method ranks the proximity of the evaluation object to the idealized target, which has a good application effect in multi-objective planning problems [26]. Quantitative calculation methods are highly objective and avoid the shortcomings of traditional methods that require subjective empowerment. In summary, the evaluation of directional signage effectiveness typically integrates both subjective and objective approaches. By designing relevant evaluation indicators and selecting appropriate evaluation models, these methods provide a comprehensive assessment of factors such as visual clarity and guiding effectiveness of signage. Overall, the research on the evaluation of traffic signage at urban intersections, station entrances, and exits has been relatively completed. The main contents include traffic management and road safety facility system evaluation. The focus is around visual evaluation indicators such as signage setup, visual information, and effects. Because of technical limitations, surveys and on-site interviews are the main methods for evaluating the guidance signage in the comprehensive hubs. Integrated hubs need to realize the collection and distribution of traveler flows within a short period. Considering the limitation of travel time, some travelers may have a low willingness to fill in the survey. This may lead to bias, and reduce the recovery rate and validity of the surveys. AHP and FCE are the main subjective evaluation methods. These methods could introduce variability in respondent selection, as individuals who are not familiar with the specific hub may be included.