## 3 Results
### Enzymes Released in Muscle Damage  
The changes in enzymes released in muscle damage following the DSWTT program are shown in Table 5.  
CK showed a significant difference in the interaction (\(p<0.001\)) between the groups and the measurement time (\(p<0.001\)). However, there was no difference between the groups at the time of measurement. The post hoc analysis showed that DSWEG significantly decreased after CG (\(p<0.05\)), and WEG significantly decreased after CG (\(p<0.05\)). AST showed a significant difference in the interaction (\(p<0.001\)) between the group and the measurement time (\(p<0.001\)). However, there was no difference between the groups at the time of measurement. The post hoc analysis showed that DSWEG significantly decreased after program-induced loss after maximum exercise (\(p<0.01\)), and WEG significantly decreased after CG (\(p<0.05\)). In this study, subjects in the DSWEG recovered significantly faster than those of the WEG and CG, suggesting that DSW was effective in ameliorating muscle damage as well as promoting fatigue recovery. Thus, the DSWTT program was found to be relevant and necessary not only in elite sports but also to enhance the performance of sports activity.  
Elevated serum AST level is a marker of liver or cardiac muscle damage. AST is also known as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), an enzyme present in various cells of the living body facilitating synthesis of amino acids. It increases after drinking or exercising, and it is one of the enzymes associated with muscle damage, which increases in liver disease or muscle disease [26]. AST is present not only in the liver but also in the muscles. It increases when the muscles are damaged after exercise and, therefore, can be used to evaluate exercise-induced stress. The concentration of AST is proportional to exercise intensity or exercise duration [27]. Therefore, DSWEG showed a significant recovery compared to WEG and CG, which may have facilitated the recovery of muscle damage by promoting relaxation of the body through floating, stretching, and massage during the DSWTT program and gently coordinating various movements.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Item**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Test**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Source**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(F\)-Value**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & **Pre-Exercise** & & & **Post-Treatment** & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{CK(U/L)} & CG & 175.00 \(\pm\) 37.16 & 236.80 \(\pm\) 62.58 & 231.90 \(\pm\) 61.00 & Test & 14.867 & **\(\ast\)** \\  & WEG & 185.60 \(\pm\) 35.31 & 251.00 \(\pm\) 31.36 & 210.90 \(\pm\) 18.08 \(\lx@paragraphsign\) & Group & 0.208 & \\  & DWEG & 180.00 \(\pm\) 33.71 & 267.80 \(\pm\) 37.50 & 171.90 \(\pm\) 28.51 \(\lx@paragraphsign\) & Group \(\times\) Test & 8.582 & **\(\ast\)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{AST(U/L)} & CG & 20.10 \(\pm\) 3.72 & 24.90 \(\pm\) 5.23 & 28.10 \(\pm\) 5.87 & Test & 25.793 & **\(\ast\)** \\  & WEG & 19.30 \(\pm\) 4.11 & 27.20 \(\pm\) 3.35 & 25.20 \(\pm\) 3.25 \(\lx@paragraphsign\) & Group & 1.547 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & DWEG & 20.30 \(\pm\) 4.05 & 28.50 \(\pm\) 4.14 & 16.80 \(\pm\) 2.44 \(\lx@paragraphsign\) & Group \(\times\) Test & 26.831 & **\(\ast\)** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{l}{Means \(\pm\) S.D., \(\lx@paragraphsign\); \(p<0.05\), **: \(p<0.01\), **: \(p<0.001\), \(\lx@paragraphsign\); significantly different from CG, \(\lx@paragraphsign\); significantly different from within the group, CK: creatinine kinase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, CG: control group, WEG: water exercise group, DWEG: deep-sea water exercise group.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Changes in enzyme levels during exercise-induced muscle damage.