# Blockchain Integrated IoT for Food Supply Chain: A Grey Based Delphi-DEMATEL Approach
## 4 Data Analysis and Results
#### Grey DEMATEL Analysis  
An analysis of the grey DEMATEL is conducted to determine the causal relationships between the CSFs of the B-IoT adoption in the CSFs. To help the experts know the research process, we first highlighted the objectives of this study and gave them a brief outline of the grey DEMATEL. Additionally, experts were asked to share their opinions related to the influence of one CSF on another, using the linguistic scale in the form of a direct-relationship matrix. Using the associated grey number, the obtained original direct relationship matrices \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Critical Factors** & **Overall Grey Weigh** & **Crisp Weigh** & **Decision** & **Rename** \\ \hline IF7 & [3.2,4.2] & 3.7 & Accept & F04 \\ IF8 & [3.2,4.2] & 3.7 & Accept & F05 \\ IF9 & [3.1,4.1] & 3.6 & Accept & F06 \\ IF10 & [3.3,4.3] & 3.8 & Accept & F07 \\ IF11 & [3.2,4.2] & 3.7 & Accept & F08 \\ IF12 & [3.1,4.1] & 3.6 & Accept & F09 \\ IF13 & [2.7,3.7] & 3.2 & Reject & NA \\ IF14 & [3.2,4.2] & 3.7 & Accept & F10 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._  
Figure 3: CSFs of B-IoT adoption in FSC. In order to estimate the causal parameters, the total relation matrix is used. The total relation matrix's column-wise summation (using Equation (16)) is indicated by \(\otimes\)C\({}_{i}\), while its row-wise summation (using Equation (8)) is displayed as \(\otimes\)R\({}_{i}\). Using Equations (17) and (18), the prominence (\(\otimes\)Pi) and net effect (\(\otimes\)E\(i\)) are calculated. Table 10 illustrates the prominence (\(\otimes\)Pi) and net effect (\(\otimes\)E\(i\)) scores and their crisp values. Based on the value of the net effect score (E\(i\)), the CSFs are classified into cause-and-effect categories. The \(\otimes\)Ri signifies the net effect of CSFs '\(i\)' on other CSFs '\(i\)', and \(\otimes\)Ci implies that CSF '\(j\)' is influenced by other CSFs. In addition to this, the prominence (\(\otimes\)Pi) score of each CSF may be used to assess its significance in adopting B-IoT in the FSC. Further, the \(\otimes\)E\(i\) represents the net effect/cause of the CSF '\(i\)' of B-IoT adoption in the FSC. Depending on the sign (positive/negative) of \(\otimes\)E\(i\), the CSFs are classified. The associated CSFs belong to the cause group if the value of \(\otimes\)E\(i\) is positive; if not, it belongs to the effect group. The cause-and-effect group is determined for each CSF as per the sign \(\otimes\)E\({}_{i}\) and presented in Table 6. In addition, the causal diagram is constructed by mapping the value of (\(\otimes\)Pi)\({}_{\rm m}\) and (\(\otimes\)E)\({}_{\rm m}\), as shown in Figure 4. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
** CSFs** & \(\otimes\)**R** & \(\otimes\)**C** & \(\otimes\)**Pi** & **Crisp** & \(\otimes\)**E\(i\)** & **Crisp** & **Cause/Effect** \\ \hline F01 & [2.829, 3.696] & [1.818, 2.682] & [4.647, 6.378] & 5.512 & [0.148, 1.878] & 1.013 & Cause \\ F02 & [2.099, 2.921] & [1.683, 2.461] & [3.781, 5.382] & 4.581 & [\(-\)0.363, 1.239] & 0.438 & Cause \\ F03 & [1.469, 2.331] & [1.578, 2.363] & [3.046, 4.693] & 3.869 & [\(-\)0.895, 0.753] & \(-\)0.071 & Effect \\ F04 & [0.825, 1.652] & [2.115, 3.048] & [2.939, 4.7] & 3.819 & [\(-\)2.224, \(-\)0.463] & \(-\)1.3435 & Effect \\ F05 & [2.396, 3.27] & [2.114, 3.041] & [4.509, 6.31] & 5.409 & [\(-\)0.645, 1.157] & 0.256 & Cause \\ F06 & [1.604, 2.452] & [2.16, 2.983] & [3.763, 5.434] & 4.598 & [\(-\)1.38, 0.292] & \(-\)0.544 & Effect \\ F07 & [2.839, 3.711] & [2.179, 3.106] & [5.017, 6.816] & 5.916 & [\(-\)0.268, 1.532] & 0.632 & Cause \\ F08 & [1.77, 2.642] & [1.948, 2.883] & [3.717, 5.524] & 4.620 & [\(-\)1.113, 0.694] & \(-\)0.2095 & Effect \\ F09 & [2.368, 3.264] & [2.266, 2.973] & [4.634, 6.236] & 5.435 & [\(-\)0.605, 0.999] & 0.197 & Cause \\ F10 & [1.435, 2.321] & [1.774, 2.721] & [3.209, 5.042] & 4.125 & [\(-\)1.286, 0.548] & \(-\)0.369 & Effect \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Prominence and net effect score of CSFs of B-IoT adoption in FSC.