## 3 Materials and Methods  
Ensuring hygiene and maintaining traceability through digital technologies are critically important in healthcare systems. Sustaining high-quality cleaning and hygiene practices in patient rooms, optimizing these processes operationally, and utilizing digital technologies integrated into the existing hospital information management system are essential for creating a traceable patient room concept [35]. This study presents a comprehensive technological process management framework for hospital room cleaning. The main objective is to plan cleaning processes in accordance with standards and to support this planning with digital technologies integrated into the management information system. To ensure the security of the designed model, a permissioned blockchain architecture is utilized. Among various blockchain frameworks, Hyperledger Fabric was selected due to its support for permissioned networks, modular consensus protocols, and integration flexibility with enterprise systems. Blockchain is one of the latest technologies that can enhance the security and management of a quality assurance system through its strong security features. It can provide transparency, traceability, immutability, and secure sharing, thereby contributing to the establishment of a reliable environment for high-quality operations. With the proposed approach, a decentralized and secure model is created, aiming to ensure process integrity and continuous improvement. There are various architectures in blockchain applications, and the proposed architecture for the designed model will be based on the Hyperledger Fabric architecture. This architecture was chosen for its capability to support modular consensus (e.g., Raft), fine-grained access control, and high interoperability in enterprise-grade infrastructures. This architecture facilitates the development of a shared, immutable, secure, scalable, and interoperable solution while offering advanced transparency, privacy, and security features. In the proposed model for optimizing cleaning processes, cleaning operations in patient rooms are divided into three main categories: routine cleaning, detailed cleaning, and cleaning on demand. * **Routine cleaning** involves tasks aimed at ensuring basic hygiene according to daily schedules. * **Detailed cleaning** includes disinfecting all surfaces and equipment in the room after the patient is discharged. * **Cleaning on demand** is a flexible process carried out based on specific requests, without being tied to a set schedule. The effective management of cleaning processes is carried out by different specialized units, as shown in Figure 1. These include planning, control, cleaning services, hygiene services, and the textile laundry unit, as described below. * **Planning Unit**: Organizes all activities and creates work orders. * **Control Unit**: Monitors the completed cleaning through random sampling and ensures compliance with quality standards. * **Cleaning Services Unit**: Carries out cleaning activities involved in routine cleaning (daily cleaning tasks) and cleaning on demand processes. * **Hygiene Services Unit**: Executes the activities defined in the detailed cleaning process after the patient is discharged. * **Textile Laundry Unit**: Ensures that textile products meet hygiene standards. The cleaning of textile products (washing, drying, ironing, folding) is carried out under RFID control. The framework illustrating the organizational structure of cleaning and hygiene processes and the distribution of responsibilities among the relevant management units is presented in Figure 1. This architecture outlines which units will be involved in the process, how tasks will be distributed among these units, how collaborations will be structured, and how quality assurance will be ensured. It also reveals through which units the proposed structure for the integration of digital technologies into cleaning processes will be implemented and how it will be aligned with the organizational workflow.