## 5 Conclusions  
The spatial assessment of livestock manure potential is necessary for efficient manure management plan development by the local authorities. To implement manure management facilities such as biogas and compost plants, etc., determining suitable areas is vital, and these areas were located through symbology and hot spot analyses in this study. The detailed spatial analysis of manure potential identifies suitable areas for developing biogas and compost plants, while the hot spot analysis provides a clear understanding of which districts will be suitable for establishing biogas and compost plants based on specific types of livestock manure across Bangladesh. In the existing government policies related to livestock production and manure management, the development of specific manure management facilities is emphasized to explore local resources. The estimated biogas potential from livestock manure can effectively produce renewable energy, which can reduce the burden on excessive fossil fuel  
Figure 15: Total biogas and compost production potential from different livestock manure in Bangladesh in 2024.  
use for electricity generation, and composting can recover nutrients for use as organic fertilizer, which can replace the use of synthetic fertilizer for improved crop yield in rural areas of Bangladesh. Moreover, biogas and compost production can significantly reduce GHG emissions and manure nutrient leaching into water. If this huge amount of manure can be utilized for biogas and compost production on a large scale, it will be beneficial for the country's economy and for the environment. This study offers future information on the optimization of manure management facilities based on this spatial manure potential evaluation. Moreover, the detailed life cycle assessment of biogas and compost production, including social impacts, in the future may more transparently clarify the economic and environmental perspective for researchers, policymakers, livestock farmers, fertilizer establishments, and the energy segment of the government. This necessitates thorough research, development, and extension efforts focusing on strategies and techniques that enhance the benefits of livestock manure for bioenergy or composting, while reducing impacts on natural resources and ecosystems. However, every task presents some challenges. The spatial analysis based on the theoretical estimation of manure potential, which is grounded in livestock distribution, does not consider the geological or social factors, such as available suitable area, household demand, interest in constructing biogas or compost plants, etc. Another foremost limitation of this study was the availability and quality of the data. While an effort was made to gather accurate data, there may still be inconsistencies with the survey data. Conceptualization, Z.M. ; methodology, Z.M. ; software, H.Y. ; validation, H.Y. ; formal analysis, Z.M. ; investigation, H.Y. ; resources, H.Y. ; data curation, Z.M. ; writing--original draft preparation, Z.M. ; writing--review and editing, H.Y. ; visualization, Z.M. ; supervision, H.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Graduate School of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Japan. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. An example of using the Pearson Square method for proper compost mixture determination [15].