## 3 Results
### Genome-Wide Association Study: Two Novel Loci Associated with AF  
GWAS, for binary traits using SAIGE, detected four genome-wide significant associations (\(p\)-value \(<5\times 10^{-8}\)) of imputed variants for the AF trait in the HRC-imputed CHRIS genome-type dataset (Table 3). Nine additional variants of borderline significance (\(p\)-value between \(1\times 10^{-6}\) and \(5\times 10^{-8}\)) were also found and are reported in Supplementary Table S3.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Cases (n = 110)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Controls (n = 10,399)**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Missings, n (\%)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Mean** \\ **(SD)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Min/Max** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Missings,** \\ **n (\%)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mean** \\ **(SD)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Min/Max** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **\(p\)-Value** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Creatinine—mg/dL** & 0 & \begin{tabular}{c} 1.02 \\ (0.26) \\ \end{tabular} & 0.68/2.29 & 6 (0.06\%) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 0.88 \\ (0.17) \\ \end{tabular} & 0.36/8.69 &
\begin{tabular}{c} \textless{}0.001 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**eGFR—mL/min/1.73 m2** & 0 & \begin{tabular}{c} 73.24 \\ (21.97) \\ \end{tabular} & 26.06/134.25 & 7 (0.07\%) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 91.9 \\ (16.12) \\ \end{tabular} & 6.19/137.17 &
\begin{tabular}{c} \textless{}0.001 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Smoking habit, n (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ \hline never & 60 (54.5\%) & & 5540 (53.3\%) & & & & \\ \hline past & 39 (35.5\%) & & 2975 (28.6\%) & & & & \\ \hline current & 10 (9.1\%) & & 1836 (17.6\%) & & & & \\ \hline missing & 1 (0.9\%) & & 48 (0.5\%) & & & & \\ \hline
**Has a doctor ever said that you have high blood pressure or hypertension? n (\%)** & & & & & & \\ \hline yes & 56 (51\%) & 2337 (22.5\%) & & & & \\ \hline no & 53 (48\%) & & 8006 (77.0\%) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline missing & 1 (0.9\%) & & 56 (0.5\%) & & & \\ \hline
**Do you have diabetes mellitus? n (\%)** & & & & & & \\ \hline yes & 11 (10.0\%) & & 269 (2.6\%) & & & \\ \hline no & 98 (89.1\%) & & 10,111 (97.2\%) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline missing & 1 (0.9\%) & & 19 (0.2\%) & & & \\ \hline
**Has a doctor ever told you that you have a heart failure? n (\%)** & & & & & & \\ \hline yes & 17 (15.4\%) & & 50 (0.4\%) & & & \\ \hline no & 86 (78.2\%) & & 10,286 (99.0\%) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline missing & 7 (6.4\%) & & 63 (0.6\%) & & & \\ \hline
**Have you ever been told by a doctor that you had a stroke? n (\%)** & & & & & & \\ \hline yes & 13 (11.8\%) & & 88 (0.7\%) & & & \\ \hline no & 96 (87.3\%) & & 10,278 (99.0\%) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline missing & 1 (0.9\%) & & 33 (0.3\%) & & & \\ \hline
**Have you ever been told by a doctor that you had a myocardial infarction? n (\%)** & & & & & & \\ \hline yes & 9 (8.2\%) & & 118 (0.1\%) & & & \\ \hline no & 98 (89.1\%) & & 10,257 (98.6\%) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline missing & 3 (2.7\%) & & 24 (0.3\%) & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* n = number; SD = standard deviation; BP = blood pressure; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate. T-test was used for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.  
\end{table}
Table 2: _Cont._The four significantly associated variants were evaluated for novelty against previously reported GWAS signals using SWISS. Using \(p\)-value thresholds of 5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-8}\) and 5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\), no matches to previously reported signals were discovered.