## 4 Results and Discussion
### Pineapple Fruit Processing
#### 4.2.2 Pineapple Process in Syrup  
Figure 10 shows the results of the carbon, water, and energy footprints by grouped processes of the agricultural and industrial stages for the pineapples in syrup scenario. In the agricultural stage of the carbon footprint category, the application of fertilizers had the greatest contribution, with a share of 22%. In the industrial stage, the set of processes that began with reception and ended with the fruit inside filled cans, included washing, peeling, coring, and chopping of the fruit, generated the greatest  
Figure 8: Carbon, water, and energy footprint of pineapples packed by main unit processes.  
Figure 9: The energy footprint of packed pineapple by main unit processes.  
impact in this category with a share of 43%. This value coincides with that reported by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18], with a share of 41.6%. They showed that the greatest impacts were caused by the manufacture of metal containers, as in the present study.  
Regarding the water footprint, as it was in the previous packaging process, the largest share corresponded to irrigation with 91.5%. While in the industrial stage, its impact was much less; as a whole it shared only 5.8%. On the other hand, the distribution of the impact from the energy footprint was similar to the carbon footprint due to the strong local dependence on energy supply from fossil fuels. The energy flows are shown in detail below.  
Figure 11 shows the energy flows that contributed to the energy footprint for the production of pineapples in syrup. In this case, each type of energy generation source, placed using a flow line, supplied the processes that made up the product system. It shows the largest flows of energy supply come from non-renewable sources, represented by fossil fuels; these correspond to more than four-fifths of all the energy consumed by the product system, with a share of 81%. The two processes with the greatest demand for fossil energy (>50%) were the application of fertilizers, which included their manufacturing, in the agricultural stage, and the industrial processes of preparing the fruit up to filling cans with it. Another important source of energy contribution was biomass with a share of 8.6%, which came from added sugar for syrup production. This was because, locally, when manufacturing sugar from sugarcane, the residual bagasse generated in milling was used in cogeneration processes to supply energy for the production equipment [59; 60; 61].  
Figure 10 shows the contribution of nuclear-non-renewable energy, with shares of 1.7%, which corresponded to the primary energy used for its transformation into secondary energy. Therefore, this energy corresponded to electricity consumption from the product system stages. However, the flow of hydro energy provided a share of 1.5%, which also corresponded to the consumption of electric power. The supply of electrical power comes largely, among other processes, in the manufacture of metal containers filled with pineapples in syrup. It is important to highlight that local electricity generation is highly dependent on processes that use fossil fuels, such as natural gas and fuel oil, which impacts both the energy and carbon footprint. When processing pineapples in syrup, the energy losses from the syrup preparation stages, and boiler, were quantified, which had a share of 15% with respect to the total energy supplied.  
Figure 10: Carbon, water, and energy footprint of pineapples in syrup by main unit processes.