# Analysis of Compound Stained Cervical Cell Images Using Multi-Spectral Imaging
## 3 Experiments and Results
### The Performance of Cervical Cell Screening  
Twenty cervical cases from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province were analyzed. Two cervical smears were made for each case: one smear was Fuelgen-stained and analyzed by traditional single-band DNA equipment, while the other one was stained by the compound staining method and analyzed by the multi-spectral imaging system. Figure 8 shows the scatter plots and histograms of one negative case obtained by two methods of analysis. Table 1 presents the quantity, mean of DI, standard deviation and CV of cells, in this case, obtained by two methods. Through analyzing the experimental results of the multi-spectral imaging system by mathematical statistics at a 95% confidence level, the mean of the 95% confidence level, and the mean of the 95% confidence level, the mean of the 95% confidence level, and the mean of the 95% confidence level, respectively. Figure 6: The microspectral images of DNA unmixing results; (**1a**–**7a**) the images of co-stained cytoplasms and nuclei, (**1b**–**7b**) the grayscale images of cell nuclei after absorbance unmixing. Figure 7: The evaluation result using the mouse liver smear. level, the confidence interval of the DNA indices of diploid cells is (0.998, 1.002), while the confidence interval of the DNA indices of tetraploid cells is (1.939, 2.179). Figure 9 shows the scatter plots and histograms of one positive case obtained by two methods of analysis. Table 2 presents the quantity, mean of DI, standard deviation and Coefficient of Variation (CV) of cells obtained by two methods. At a 95% confidence level, the confidence interval of the DNA indices for diploid cells calculated by the multi-spectral imaging system is (1.023, 1.029); the confidence interval of the DNA indices for tetraploid cells is (2.020, 2.058). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Analysis Method** & **Cell Types** & **Quantity** & **Mean of DI** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Standard** \\ **Deviation** \\ \end{tabular} & **CV** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Feulgen staining method} & Diploid cells & 6421 & 0.989 & 0.089 & 9.043 \\  & Tetraploid cells & 6 & 1.983 & 0.102 & 5.126 \\  & Aneuploid cells & 15 & 1.473 & 0.154 & 10.427 \\  & High ploidy cells & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Compound staining method of this paper \\ \end{tabular} } & Diploid cells & 6153 & 1.000 & 0.097 & 9.744 \\  & Tetraploid cells & 12 & 2.009 & 0.127 & 6.305 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Aneuploid cells & 29 & 1.351 & 0.141 & 10.433 \\ \cline{1-1}  & High ploidy cells & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Contrast data of negative case. Figure 8: The analysis results of negative case; (**a**) the results of Feulgen staining method, (**b**) the results of compound staining method. To judge whether there is a negative case or a positive case at a 95% confidence level, the upper limit of the confidence intervals for tetraploid cells calculated by the multi-spectral imaging system is less than 2.5, so a miscalculation will not happen. Comparing the results of the DNA quantitative analysis of three cases between two methods, as shown in the figures, most cells in this case that are distributed in the position of the DNA index are 1 and 2. There is a small number of positive cells with DI > 2.5 in Figure 8. Positive cells can be identified by both systems, the shape of the cells distribution is similar, and the results of the two methods are also basically consistent. It can be seen from Table 2 that CV of the high ploidy cells for the compound-stained smear measured by multi-spectral system is larger than that of the Feulgen-stained smear measured by single-band DNA equipment. The main reason for this is that the traditional method uses only one spectral waveband, there are fewer sources of error in the compound-staining method, and it has greater accuracy, especially in the calculation of high-ploidy