## 7 Results of the InSAR Processing  
### Vertical and Horizontal Displacements  
The deformation field is clearly visualized in both interferograms created using SARscape and SNAP by a number of fringes with a negative phase in the northwestern part of the island and more specifically in the broad area of Karlovasi's urban center, which means displacement towards the satellite, as well as a number of fringes with a positive phase, which means movement away from the satellite, along the northern coastal zone between the Ayios Konstantinos and Avlakia villages. The displacement maps are similar qualitatively in terms of the direction of the displacement uplift in the central and the northwestern parts of the island and downlink along the coastal area (Figure 27). The displacement maps are very close quantitatively, showing an uplift of up to 13 cm along the line of sight (LOS) and a downlift of up to \(-12\) cm in the LOS for the ascending data and 9 cm and -14 cm in the LOS, respectively, for the descending interferometric pair (Figure 27). The up-down and east-west displacement decomposition results show that in the vertical displacement the positive values mean upward up to 13 cm and negative values downward up to \(-14\) cm and, respectively, for the horizontal displacement map positive values mean eastward up to 8 cm and negative values westward up to \(-12\) cm (Figure 28). Comparing the vertical displacement obtained by the two different softwares, the results seem to agree in general, having a deviation of up to 2 cm. Horizontal deviations, however, are larger, especially in areas with high topography, which were not completely removed in the case of the SNAP software (Table 3 and Figure 29). Figure 26: Hydrological anomalies at the western part of Kerketeas Mt (Kiourka area). They resulted in a temporary disruption of a pedestrian crossing and filling of empty tanks with water a few hours after the earthquake. Figure 27: The line of sight (LOS) displacement maps in meters in ascending and descending geometry resulting from the SARscape (**a,b**) and SNAP (**c,d**) softwares. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Area**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**X**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Y**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Vertical SARscape**} & **Vertical SNAP** & **Horizontal SARscape** & **Horizontal** \\  & & & **(in m)** & **(in m)** & **(in m)** & **(in m)** & **SNAP (in m)** \\ \hline Karlovasi & 26.69 & 37.79 & 0.07 & 0.10 & \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)0.02 \\ Potami & 26.67 & 37.79 & 0.06 & 0.10 & \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)0.03 \\ Pounta & 26.66 & 37.79 & 0.06 & 0.10 & \(-\)0.05 & \(-\)0.04 \\ Ayios Isidoros & 26.59 & 37.75 & 0.04 & 0.05 & \(-\)0.08 & \(-\)0.04 \\ Potokaki & 26.92 & 37.69 & \(-\)0.02 & 0.01 & 0.00 & 0.02 \\ Pythagoreio & 26.94 & 37.69 & \(-\)0.02 & 0.01 & 0.00 & 0.02 \\ Psili Ammos & 27.02 & 37.71 & \(-\)0.03 & 0.00 & 0.02 & 0.04 \\ Asprochorti & 26.98 & 37.78 & \(-\)0.06 & \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)0.01 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of vertical and horizontal displacements derived from the SARscape and SNAP softwares at selected sites affected by permanentoseismic surface deformation from the 30 October 2020, Mw = 7.0, Samos earthquake. to B11-B11\({}^{\prime}\)) and their profile graphs were derived from the descending map produced by the SNAP software (Figures 30 and 31). The sections and their respective profile graphs were created for various sites on the earthquake-affected Samos Island, where primary and secondary earthquake environmental effects were generated.