# Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha's Hand Fruit
## 3 Results
### EO and Hy Chemical Composition  
The content of volatile compounds for EO analysis was determined by GC-MS technique and by HS-GC/MS technique for Hy headspace analysis. In total, twenty-nine compounds were detected and listed in Table 3. The chemical composition of EO was found to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (91.3%) followed by oxygenated monoterrenes (4.5%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (3.9%). Conversely, Hy was rich in oxygenated monoterrenes (89.6%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were absent. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Component 1** & **LRI 2** & **LRI 3** & **Exocarp 4 (\%)** & **Mesocarp 5 (\%)** \\ \hline
1 & \(\alpha\)-thujene & 923 & 925 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\
2 & \(\alpha\)-pinene & 941 & 943 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\
3 & \(\beta\)-thujene & 966 & 968 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.01 & - \\
4 & \(\beta\)-pinene & 980 & 986 & 2.5 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 2.4 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
5 & \(\alpha\)-phalandrene & 998 & 996 & - & tr \\
6 & \(p\)-cymene & 1020 & 1016 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\
7 & limone & 1024 & 1023 & 75.8 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 76.2 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
8 & cis-\(\beta\)-ocimene & 1035 & 1032 & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
9 & \(\gamma\)-terpinene & 1057 & 1054 & 16.5 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 15.0 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
10 & \(\alpha\)-teripolene & 1081 & 1078 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
11 & \(\alpha\)-teripineol & 1185 & 1183 & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
12 & carved & 1205 & 1201 & - & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\
13 & 4-teripenyl acetate & 1282 & 1286 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
14 & \(\alpha\)-citral & 1285 & 1287 & - & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\
15 & \(\alpha\)-bergamotene & 1433 & 1431 & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
16 & \(\alpha\)-himachalene & 1451 & 1447 & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
17 & \(\gamma\)-gurjurehene & 1482 & 1479 & - & tr \\
18 & \(\alpha\)-farnesene & 1510 & 1506 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.02 & - \\  & SUM & & & 99.9 & 99.7 \\ \hline  & Monoterpene hydrocarbons & & 98.7 & 97.8 \\  & Oxygenated monoterrenes & & 0.6 & 0.7 \\  & Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons & & 0.6 & 1.2 \\ \hline  & & & & & \\ \end{tabular}  
* The components are reported according to their elution order on apolar column; 2, Linear Retention Indices measured on apolar column; 3, Linear Retention Indices from literature; Exocarp 4, percentage mean values of exocarp components (%); Mesocarp 5, percentage mean values of mesocarp components; -, not detected; tr, traces (mean value < 0.1%).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Chemical composition (percentage mean value \(\pm\) standard deviation) of exocarp and mesocarp. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Component 1** & **LRI 2** & **LRI 3** & **EX 4 (\%)** & **MEX 5 (\%)** \\ \hline
1 & 2,3-butanediol & 785 & 789 & - & 23.7 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
2 & furfural & 796 & 794 & 1.8 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 3.9 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\
3 & 2(3H)-furanone, 5-methyl- & 832 & 830 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.02 & - \\
4 & 2-furanmethanol & 860 & 856 & 3.9 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 6.7 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\
5 & furfural, 5-methyl- & 970 & 965 & - & 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\
6 & furaneol & 1052 & 1055 & 3.1 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 3.6 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\
7 & 2-pyrome & 1130 & 1134 & 23.4 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 33.1 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\
8 & 5-HMF & 1210 & 1208 & 14.7 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 24.8 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
9 & (E)-\(\beta\)-farnesene & 1461 & * & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.02 & - \\
10 & (Z,E)-\(\alpha\)-farnesene & 1480 & 1475 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.02 & - \\
11 & coumarin, 5,7-dimethoxy & 1920 & 1916 & 50.6 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
12 & hexadecanoic acid & 1960 & 1954 & - & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\  & SUM & & & 100.0 & 100.0 \\ \hline  & & & & & \\ \end{tabular}  
* The components are reported according to their elution order on apolar column; 2, Linear Retention Indices measured on apolar column; 3, Linear Retention Indices from literature; *, LRI not available; EEX 4, percentage mean values of exocarp components extract (%); MEX 5, percentage mean values of components mesocarp; -, not detected; tr, traces (mean value < 0.1%).  
\end{table}