###### Abstract
However, selective reflectors typically consist of multi-layer stacks of precisely thickness-controlled dielectric and metal layers, requiring vacuum-based deposition processes. The high production costs and difficulties in scaling up these reflectors hinder their widespread application in bPVs. Furthermore, selective reflectors are not particularly effective at altering the trajectory of photons, making them inefficient at transferring photons that impinge on the gaps between cells. Given these limitations, reflective metal film or conventional polymer-based backsheets were widely applied in bPVs as rear reflectors [35]. Through a stack of polymer films containing scattering micro-particles and asymmetrical structure, Lambertian reflectors randomize the trajectory of reflected light and distribute photons almost evenly to the rear side of bPVs [36; 37; 38]. Sincethe reflectance of polymer-based film is nearly unity, most photons reaching the polymer-based reflector are efficiently reflected [39; 40]. Additionally, solution-processed micro-particles selectively casted on the gap between cells can redirect incident light to the rear side of bPVs. Through the solution and the printing-based process, the polymer film-based reflector can be produced at a low cost. However, the poor stability of the polymer-based Lambertian reflector against humidity and UV radiation limits its implementation as a rear reflector of bPVs for BIPV. For instance, it has been reported that polymer-based reflectors tend to be yellowish after a long-term exposure to UV [23]. Conversely, metal-based reflectors typically withstand harsh outdoor conditions despite their high cost and the requirement for high-temperature processing. Nevertheless, the high specular reflection of a metallic reflector is not effective in transferring photons impinging on its surface to the rear side of bPVs. Theoretical calculations have shown that energy generation in bPVs decreases as the specularity of the rear surface increases [41; 42; 43]. Addressing the issue of strong angular dependence in metallic reflectors is a significant challenge, and this problem becomes more pronounced in bPVs with a short D\({}_{\text{RR}}\), particularly in BIPV applications. Although textured metallic surfaces randomize the direction of reflected light similar to a Lambertian reflector, the dry process for patterning microstructures and depositing metallic layers over large areas are highly energy-intensive and involve complicated procedures [44; 45; 46]. Additionally, wet etching processes for creating microstructures inevitably generate toxic chemical waste, making them unsuitable for large-scale bPVs. While high-precision patterning techniques for metallic layers widely accepted in the semiconductor industry offer accuracy and resolution, they are difficult to implement in bPVs due to high energy consumption, waste management challenges, scalability issues, and cost concerns. Regarding the pros and cons of the previously suggested rear reflectors for bPVs, a low-cost, textured metal reflector would be beneficial in increasing the energy generation of BIPVs consisting of bPVs. In this study, we demonstrate a simple, yet effective textured metallic reflector for bPVs to unlock their full potential. The textured reflector is comprised of printed silver ink on an embossed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) film, fabricated through the hot-press method. The maximum process temperature required for the textured reflector is below 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C, allowing for energy savings in its fabrication. Both experimental results and theoretical analyses indicate that the textured reflector contributes to the improved performance of bPVs by randomizing the direction of rear reflected light. We believe that the proposed textured reflector in this work has the potential to contribute to the design of highly efficient bPVs for BIPV applications.