# Investigating Master-Slave Architecture for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network
## 4 System Model
### Restricting Extra Reception of Packets:
Data packet size taken is 83 Bytes (72 Bytes payload and 11 Bytes header), while other packets (i.e., neighbor request, acknowledgment, control packet) size is 50 bit (6 Bytes) each, with the data rate of 16 Kbps. The transmission range of every node is at least 2 Km\({}^{3}\), the initial energy of every node is 100 J and the threshold energy (i.e., the minimum amount of energy that a node needs to stay alive) is 5 wJ. Furthermore, the acoustic signal speed is 1500 m/s, while the bandwidth of the medium is 4000 Hz. Since we perform simulations in deep and shallow water, hence we must categorize the ocean based on depth. We figured out from the review study that up to 100 m depth the ocean is shallow, while onward 100 m it is deep. Therefore, we deploy the source node in the region of 10 km\({}^{3}\) so that it covers both the shallow and deep domains of the ocean. The parameters under which we performed the simulation are listed in Table 3.

Figure 10: Restricting extra reception of data packets. ### Performance Breakdown and Comparison

We evaluate ERPMSA-UWSN performance in comparison with WDFAD-DBR based on performance metrics, i.e., the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), an End-to-End Delay (E2 ED), energy tax, and the Accumulated Propagation Distance (APD). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Values** \\ \hline Node count & 100:50:500 \\ Aggregate of sinks & 9 \\ Maximum range of transmission per node & 2 Km \\ Deployment region: 3D area of 10 Km & 10 Km\({}^{2}\) \\ DATA Header size & 11 Bytes \\ DATA Payload size & 72 Bytes \\ Size of ACK Packet & 50 bits \\ Size of neighbor request & 50 bit \\ Data rate & 16 Kbps \\ Initial energy per node & 100 J \\ Maximum Transmission Power & 90 dB re \\ Power threshold for receiving & 10 dB re \\ Sending energy & 50 W \\ Receiving energy & 158 mW \\ Idle Energy & 158 mW \\ Center Frequency & 12 KHz \\ Acoustic Propagation & 1500 m/s \\ \(\delta\) & 2 Km \\ Bandwidth & 4 KHz \\ Random Walk & 2 m/s \\ Probability of moving left & 0.5 \\ Probability of moving right & 0.5 \\ Alive node threshold energy & 5 J \\ P\({}_{1}\) & 1 \\ P\({}_{2}\) & 0.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Simulation parameters. Figure 11: Network deployment. #### 5.2.1 Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR)

The packet delivery ratio is associated with the successful delivery of packets to the sink. PDR indicates the ratio of the packets count which reach their destination (Sink) and the total packets generated by the network. The duplicate packet is considered to be a single packet, while redundancy is not allowed. \[PDR=\frac{Packets\,received}{Packet\,Sent} \tag{15}\]

#### 5.2.2 Energy Tax

It is the total average amount of energy required per node to send a DATA packet to its destination. It includes the sending and receiving energy as well as the processing, computational and idle state energies. \[Energy-Tax=\frac{E_{total}}{nodes*packets} \tag{16}\]

where \(E_{total}\) is the energy expenditure, \(nodes\) are the total number of nodes in the network and \(packets\) are that which have successfully found their destination. #### 5.2.3 End-to-End Delay (E2 ED)

End-to-end delay measures the average time from the instant of the packet generation to the moment it reaches to sink. Due to the multiple sink architecture, there is a possibility to receive the same packet by more than one sink. In this case, the E2 ED of that node is considered, whose packet finds the sink earlier. #### 5.2.4 Accumulated Propagation Distance (APD)

The mean Accumulated Propagation Distance (APD) is equivalent to the mean accumulated distance covered by the successfully delivered packets on each hop. In this multi-sink architecture, there is a case where more than one sink receives the same packet.