# O2O: An Underwater VLC Approach in Baltic and North Sea
## 5 Numerical Results
If targeting average BER \(10^{-6}\), the worst performance is at 54.5 dB in the Baltic ocean depicts during July, which is worst than the North ocean during August at 56 dB. Due to the observation of BER performance in both of the oceans separately. In Figure 5, the BER performances is obtained in the mingled waters of the ocean as per the given data by utilizing the closed-form expression in (18). According to the Figures 3 and 4, the best performances are observed in the first quarter of the year. Due to this, we subdivided the year into four consecutive quarters for comparison BER performance observation in mingled water mediums. The values of system parameters in an individual ocean, such as \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) for each month were chosen to validate the specified fading model as (\(\alpha_{N}^{Erb}=5.9156\)) (\(\beta_{N}^{Erb}=4.3319\)), (\(\alpha_{N}^{May}=5.1201\)) (\(\beta_{N}^{May}=3.4573\)), (\(\alpha_{N}^{Aug}=4.1458\)) (\(\beta_{N}^{Aug}=2.1785\)), (\(\alpha_{N}^{Nov}=4.6599\)) (\(\beta_{N}^{Nov}=2.9117\)), and (\(\alpha_{B}^{Erb}=8.0375\)) (\(\beta_{B}^{Feb}=6.52452\)), (\(\alpha_{B}^{May}=5.7358\)) (\(\beta_{B}^{May}=4.1386\)), (\(\alpha_{B}^{Aug}=4.3343\)) (\(\beta_{B}^{Aug}=2.4924\)), (\(\alpha_{B}^{Nov}=6.0565\)) (\(\beta_{B}^{Nov}=4.482\)), respectively. In Figure 5, it has shown that the best BER performance of the proposed system in mingled water is obtained during February within the low SNR  
Figure 4: The observation of BER performance for whole year in Baltic sea. The performances are simulated on monthly basis average temperature, conductivity in the year 1996s. conditions rather than other intervals of the year. The BER performance in November is much higher than in August because of the changing temperature and salinity. The BER performance of the system is obtained in May, which is properly matched the performance of average temperature and salinity of the whole year. It means the average BER could be observed during May at 55 dB SNR value when targeting \(10^{-6}\) BER. In Figure 6, the outage probability of the system for the whole year in the North sea is depicted by using the expression (20). As, in Figure 6, the best outage performance of the system can be observed in the beginning of the year, it can be concluded that the experimental simulated results provide a perfect match with their analytical counterparts. Besides, the approximated outage probability at low SNRs matches with its simulated counterpart in low SNRs regime with utilizing the expression in (20). The simulated outage performance is also properly matched with the analytical outage performance stating the efficiency of the proposed system model. In the North sea, the average performance for the whole year is poorer than the first half of the year. Furthermore, following the same pattern in Figure 7, the outage performance has been observed in Baltic sea by using the expression (20). In the Baltic ocean, the superior performance is depicted during January and December cause of the nature of the ocean water and currents. As the Baltic ocean considers a quiet water medium rather than the North ocean, one of the reasons it has less turbulent and the performances are higher than the North ocean. The average outage performance is obtained during May in the Baltic sea, whether in the month of June in the North ocean. As compared with the poorest performance in July in the Baltic sea while in August in the North ocean. The simulation result is properly matching with the analytical curve in January for the accuracy of the proposed system model. The better outage performances of the system in the Baltic sea are obtained during December to March in low SNR conditions, while North ocean in February to April. Figure 5: The combined observation of BER performance in both of the oceans through out the year quarterly. Where the maximum and lowest BER performance are depicted in Feb and August within the critical temperature and salinity, respectively.