## 3 DESs for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plants, Fruit and Vegetables
** \\  & & **[PERSON]** & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Confirmative _waves_} & \multirow{2}{*}{Anthrograms} & \multirow{2}{*}{Anthrograms} & \multirow{2}{*}{Lattic acid acid/glucose, 12.2 penetrahedral/CRC(-)} & UAF and UAEH & HPLC-CAD, & - & Evaluation of antioxidant and & \\  & & & & UHFLC-TOF-MS & & anti-inflammatory agents, prevention & \\  & & & & UHFLC-TOF-MS & & of certain cardiovascular doses & [23] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Bounarius_ officius L.} & \multirow{4}{*}{Bounatric acid, middle acid, 7-} & \multirow{4}{*}{Real-cell (3k\(>\) 10\%)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Real-cell (3k\(>\) 10\%)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Real-cell (3k\(>\) 10\%)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Real-cell (3k\(>\) 10\%)} \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Fracts Mori Preish number_ (_Fracts [PERSON] number_ (_Fracts Mori Preish Number_ (_Fracts [PERSON] Number_ (_Fracts [PERSON] Number_ (_Fracts [PERSON] Number_ (_Fracts Mori Preish Number_ (_Fracts Mori [PERSON] Number_ (_Fracts Mori [PERSON] Number_ (_Fracts Mori [PERSON] Number_ (_Fracts Mori Preish Number_ (_ (_ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  
Among the most studied compounds to be extracted using DESs are flavonoids, they are a family of polyphenols with well-known health promoting properties. Typical organic solvents for flavonoids extraction are methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate, as these compounds are barely soluble in water. In particular, isoflaves are dietary phytoestrogens that have been in the limelight as potential antidiabetic therapeutics. Extraction of isoflaves such as Puerarin, daidzein, genistein, viteixin and 4-hydroxyflavone from dried kudzu root was carried out using a NADES comprising ChCl and citric acid (1:2, mol/mol) in an ultrasonic bath at 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 3 h [14]. Flavonoid glycosides and glycones were also extracted using different combinations of ChCl-, betaine-, and l-proline-based DESs, showing greater extraction yield with ChCl-laevulinic acid (ChCl/LA) than using conventional solvents. The recovery of extracted flavonoids from DESs was carried out using macroporous resin LX-38 [16]. Similarly, ChCl/LA mixtures containing 40% (\(w/w\)) water were used to extract Ginkgo flavonoids at a solvent to solid ratio of 10:1 (\(v/w\)) with stirring at 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Under this greener extraction approach, higher extraction yields were obtained compared to the traditional hydroalcoholic extraction mixture (70% ethanol in water). This time, the recovery of Ginkgo flavonoids in the DES extraction solution was efficiently achieved using macroporous resin AB-8 (yield: 93.7%) [17]. Other ChCl-based DESs, in combination with various hydrogen-bond donors were investigated systematically to extract rutin from the flower buds of _Sophora japonica_. ChCl/triethylene glycol containing 20% water was the most efficient combination [11]. Alternative tailor-made DES based on L-proline and glycerol (2:5) was more effective than methanol for extraction of quercetin, kaempfer, and isorhamne-tin glycosides from Flos sophorae, whereas L-proline and ethylene glycol mixture (1:4) was suitable for extraction of the main active compounds from _Herba Epimedii_, including flavonoids such as acirin, icarisid II, epimedin A, epimedin B and epimedin C [18]. Despite phenolic compounds, other bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids have been obtained from plant sources using DESs. Thus, proline-oxalic acid (1:1) with 20% water was the most promising solvent to attain higher extraction yields of boldine, one of the most representative alkaloids in P. boldus leaves [19]. Regarding extraction techniques used in most of these works, solid-liquid extraction assisted by ultrasonication (UAE) or microwaves (MAE) is the most commonly used extraction procedure.