## 3 Results and Discussions
### Future Prospects of the Cultivation Indices and Tree Vigor Sensing  
In this study, we developed the cultivation management system that provides cultivation indices for farmers at the vineyard. On the other hand, we also verified the effectiveness of mandarin orange tree vigor diagnosis using multi-band optical sensing. The next objective of our study has four topics: firstly, to confirm the availability of the cultivation indices for grapevine in Japan, secondly, to replace the WSN in the orange grove and introduce a cultivation management system similar to the system in the vineyard and to develop appropriate cultivation indices for mandarin orange in Japan, thirdly, to verify the availability of the tree vigor diagnosis using multi-band optical sensing of vines and lastly, to store multi-band optical sensing data related to tree vigor in cloudSense and to standardize the terminology and UOM. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Average Content** \\ **(\%, ppm)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Sample** \\ **Number** \\ \end{tabular} & **Evaluation** & **Metal** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Average Content** \\ **(\%, ppm)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Sample** \\ **Number** \\ \end{tabular} & **Evaluation** \\ \hline LE (\%) & 73.7 & 30 & & LE (\%) & 71.9 & 30 & \\ T (\%) & 20.3 & 30 & & T (\%) & 22.4 & 30 & \\ Ca (\%) & 3.30 & 29 & Optimum & Ca (\%) & 3.19 & 30 & Optimum \\ K (\%) & 1.33 & 29 & Optimum & K (\%) & 1.01 & 30 & Optimum \\ S (\%) & 0.230 & 29 & & S (\%) & 0.201 & 30 & \\ P (\%) & 0.112 & 26 &
\begin{tabular}{c} A little \\ deficiency \\ \end{tabular} & P (\%) & 0.0952 & 30 & Deficiency \\ Si (ppm) & 855 & 29 & & Si (ppm) & 764 & 30 & \\ Mn (ppm) & 380 & 30 & Excess & Mn (ppm) & 375 & 30 & Excess \\ Fe (ppm) & 138 & 30 & Optimum & Fe (ppm) & 155 & 30 & A little excess \\ Cu (ppm) & 87.2 & 30 & A little excess & Cu (ppm) & 72.0 & 19 & A little excess \\ Zn (ppm) & 49.5 & 14 & Optimum & Zn (ppm) & 37.4 & 8 & Optimum \\ Mo (ppm) & 22.3 & 22 & Excess & Mo (ppm) & 23.5 & 19 & Excess \\ Ni (ppm) & 20.2 & 6 & A little excess & Ni (ppm) & 42.7 & 4 & Excess \\ Mg & 0 & & Mg & & 0 & \\ Co & 0 & & Co & & 0 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Average element values of strong and weak values. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Crop** & **Content** & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Concentration in Dry Matter (\%)**} \\
**Name** & **Nitrogen (N)** & **Phosphorus (P)** & **Potassium (K)** & **Calcium (Ca)** & **Magnesium (Mg)** \\ \hline mandarin orange & deficiency & under 2.3 & under 0.10 & under 0.7 & under 2.0 & under 0.10 \\ \cline{2-7}  & optimum & 2.9–3.4 & 0.16–0.20 & 1.0–1.6 & 3.0–6.0 & 0.30–0.60 \\ \cline{2-7}  & excess & over 4.0 & - & over 1.8 & over 7.0 & - \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Crop** \\ **Name** \\ \end{tabular} } & **Content** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Born** \\ **(B)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Manganese (Mn)** & **Iron (Fe)** & **Zinc (Za)** & **Copper (Co)** & **Molybdenum (Mo)** & **Nickel (Ni)** & **Cobalt (Co)** \\ \hline mandarin orange & deficiency & under 30 & under 30 & under 35 & under 10 & under 4 & under 0.05 & - \\ \cline{2-7}  & optimum & 30–100 & 30–100 & 50–150 & 30–100 & 10–50 & 0.2–3.0 & 2.0–15 & 5–20 \\ \cline{2-7}  & excess & over 170 & over 150 & over 250 & over 200 & over 150 & - & over 25 & over 30 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Information on the appropriate kinds and contents of elements inside a leaf. Since the main aim of this kind of service is to improve farmers' cultivation management practices, growing environmental information and tree vigor information must be combined from the plant physiological point of view in order to provide more useful cultivation indices. Recently, several studies about sap flow sensing and translocation in the phloem have been started.