# Oceania's 5G Multi-Tier Fixed Wireless Access Link's Long-Term Resilience and Feasibility Analysis
## 3 5G Base Coverage Network Layout
### Best Suitable 5G Antenna Design for Fiji Geographical Terrain  
In the deployment scenarios with the hexagonal grid layout (i.e., urban macro-cell, urban micro-cell, rural macro-cell, and suburban macro-cell), the antenna characteristics for base station (BS) and user terminal (UT) antennas, such as antenna pattern, gain, side-lobe level, orientation, etc., are described in this subsection and must be used for evaluation. Since the features do not meet any requirements, they should only be used for evaluation. The horizontal antenna pattern for each BS sector is as follows:  
\[A(\theta)=-\text{min}\left[12\bigg{(}\frac{\theta}{\theta_{\text{3 dB}}}\bigg{)} ^{2},\ A_{m}\right] \tag{1}\]  
here, \(\theta_{\text{3 dB}}\) is the 3 dB beamwidth (equivalent to \(\theta_{\text{3 dB}}=70^{\circ}\)) and \(A_{m}=20\) dB is the maximum attenuation, \(A(\theta)\) is the relative antenna gain (dB) in the direction, \(-180^{\circ}\leq 0\leq-180^{\circ}\), and \(\text{min}[. ]\) represents the minimal function. In simulations that need height, a similar antenna arrangement will be applied. The antenna pattern in this instance will be provided by  
\[A_{e}(\phi)=-\text{min}\left[12\bigg{(}\frac{\phi-\phi_{tilt}}{\phi_{\text{3 dB}}}\bigg{)}^{2},A_{m}\right] \tag{2}\]  
\(A_{e}(\phi)\) represents the relative antenna gain (dB) in the elevation direction, \(\phi,\ -90^{\circ}\leq 0\leq 90^{\circ}\). If nothing else is specified, it can be presumed that \(\phi_{3 dB}\), \(\phi_{tilt}\) is \(15^{\circ}\) for the elevation 3 dB value. The tilt angle should be provided by telecommunication deployment engineer for each deployment scenario is denoted by the symbol \(\phi_{tilt}\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Deployment Scenario for** & & & & & \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{**the Evaluation Process**} & & & & & \\ \hline Evaluated service profiles & Full buffer best effort & Full buffer best effort & Full buffer best effort & Full buffer best effort & Full buffer best effort \\ Simulation bandwidth & 20 + 20 MHz (FDD), or & 10 + 10 MHz (FDD), or & 10 + 10 MHz (FDD), or & 10 + 10 MHz (FDD), or & 10 + 10 MHz (FDD), or & 10 + 10 MHz (FDD), or & 10 + 10 MHz (FDD), or & 10 \\ Number of users per cell & 10 & 10 & 10 & 20 MHz (TDD) & 20 MHz (TDD) & 20 MHz (TDD) \\ Evaluated service profiles & VolP & VolP & VolP & VolP & VolP \\ Simulation bandwidth & 5 + 5 MHz (FDD), & 5 + 5 MHz (FDD), & 5 + 5 MHz (FDD), & 5 + 5 MHz (FDD), & 5 + 5 MHz (FDD), \\ Simulation time span for a & 20 s & 20 s & 20 s & 20 s & 20 s \\ Single drop & Full buffer best effort & Full buffer best effort & Full buffer best effort & Full buffer best effort & Full buffer best effort \\ Channel model & Indoor hotspot model & Urban microcell model & Urban macro cell model & Rural macro cell model & Suburban macro cell \\ (H\(\Omega\)) & (H\(\Omega\)) & (UM) & (UMa) & (RMa) & (SMa) \\ Simulation bandwidth & 10 MHz & 10 MHz & 10 MHz & 10 MHz & 10 MHz \\ Number of users in & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ simulation & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Additional factors to consider while evaluating the spectral efficiency of cells and their edges, assessment of VoIP capacity, and link-level simulation (for mobility requirement) [46]. Figure 5: The 5G network layout consists of 19 sites, each with three sectors, arranged in a hexagonal layout [47]. This formula is used to calculate the combined antenna pattern at angles from the cardinal axes:  
\[-\text{min}[-A(\theta)+A_{e}(\phi),A_{m}] \tag{3}\]  
The antenna bearing is the angle in degrees between the center of the primary antenna lobe and a line pointing directly east. Each clockwise rotation increases the bearing angle. Figure 6 shows the hexagonal cell and its three sectors, as well as the antenna bearing direction recommended for the simulations. The directions of the centers of the main antenna lobes in each sector point to the corresponding hexagonal side. In the delay or angle domains, we compare the cluster to a propagation path that is distributed over space.