## 1 Introduction  
During the shield tunneling construction, different thrust has to be assigned to distinct hydro-cylinders to control the attitude of shield machine, so that its axis can be the same as that of the designed tunnel [1]. Under such conditions, the resultant jack force generally provides eccentric load for the segmental lining structures, which may lead to local damage to the segments [2]. Therefore, it is very critical to maintain good control of the jack thrust and its angle. Moreover, the segmental lining structures are under complex action of various types of loads in the construction stage, e.g., water and soil pressure, grouting pressure, reaction force of shield tail brush, and jack thrust. However, the aforementioned loads were commonly studied as separate factors in the past studies. To obtain more reliable guidance for practical engineering, it is essential to investigate the influence of the jack thrust on shield tunnel with consideration of the additional constrained boundaries formed by other construction loads. Based on the reports published by [PERSON] [3], there is increasing evidence implying that the jack thrust forces are transient load cases with respect to the reasonable design of the reinforced concrete segments, which means that the jack thrust forces and angle have a great influence on the safety of the whole segmental linings. Looking at this problem, a great number of efforts have been made to reveal the impact of the jack thrust on the mechanical properties of the segments. [PERSON] et al. [4] established a fluid-structure interaction numerical model to examine the stability of the shield machine and the nearby segments by considering jack thrust at different levels. [PERSON] et al. [5] simplified the segmental lining structures as the continuous circular beam to analyze the control methods of the tunneling parameters by governing the appropriate jack thrust forces under different soil stratum. From their conclusions, the deviation of the horizontal axis for the constructed shield tunnel greatly grows with the increasing jack thrust. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. [6] conducted exploration of the causes of damage to the tunnel segments in the construction stage and found that the uneven jack thrust caused a great proportion of adverse effects. Similar results were gained during the study on the splitting and crushing behavior of the lining structures under TBM hydraulic jack thrust [7]. Generally, great concentrated jack thrust forces are imposed on the linings by the shield machine, resulting in high compressive stresses under the thrust shoes during the lining construction process [8]. These high compressive stresses may further develop into crush damage and lead to unexpected leakage failure of the segments. Although it is obvious that the jack thrust has fundamental importance in controlling the mechanical properties of the segmental lining structures, there is still a great challenge to determine the reasonable governing parameters, especially for tunnels constructed in special environments [9]. To obtain the appropriate values of the jack thrust, [PERSON] et al. [10] fully analyzed the force-arranged characteristics of the key segment with action of jack thrust force experimentally, theoretically, and numerically, during which various influence factors were considered, including the arrangement and distance of the jack as well as the loading of thrust force. Considering the fact that the conventional reinforced concrete segments are vulnerable under jack thrust force, [PERSON] [11] studied the mechanical characteristics of hybrid steel fiber reinforced composite segments subjected to thrust. It was found that fiber-reinforced concrete segments may be a good choice for tunnels whose construction is in need of frequent adjustment of jack thrust [12; 13].