# A Full Technological Traceability System for Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Consumers can indeed retrieve information on the product by reading a physical label on the packaging or by using a digital application. Generally, it is possible to obtain information about traceability along the food supply chain by using different kinds of smart tags such as radio frequency identification (RFID), near field communication (NFC), barcodes, etc. Due to its versatility and reading distance, RFID technology is normally used for product identification and for traceability in the agri-food sector to guarantee food safety and quality. Many authors describe the advantages coming from the use of RFID within food traceability systems. As reported by [PERSON] et al. [11], RFID technology is suitable for food supply chain, as it does not require physical contact for the reading phase and is both fast and completely automated. [PERSON] et al. [12] applied an RFID-enabled traceability system for a live fish supply chain. [PERSON] et al. [13], instead, proposed the use of passive UHF RFID tags to detect contamination and quality along the fresh meat chain. Another study evaluated the implementation of RFID to an anti-counterfeit mechanism in selected wine production environments ([PERSON] et al. [14]). In this case, a RFID tag allowed the reseller and final user to verify whether the bottle was original or not. [PERSON] et al. [10] proposed the integration of an electronic RFID tracing system for a single product of a typical Italian cheese prepared with buffalo milk. RFID is considered to be a successor of the barcode with foreseen expansion not only in the agri-food sector, but also in industrial sectors due to its environmental monitoring capabilities (temperature, relative humidity and luminosity), namely through wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and wireless sensor technology (WST). RFID systems are composed of the following: (1) a reader or interrogator for wave emission and reception upon backscattering from the RFID tags; (2) several tags that can be equipped with a chip for unique identification (using an electronic product code) or/and a rewritable memory for data storage, sensors for environmental monitoring and an antenna used for communications; and (3) a software infrastructure and a host computer for data managing and analysis [15]. In addition to traceability benefits, RFID systems produce logistic advantages that are automatable and readable by logistic platforms [6]. Additionally, as reported by [PERSON] et al. [16], an infotracing system can integrate information related to the quality of the product with those related to its traceability (physical and digital documents (RFID architecture)), taking advantage of an online information system whose steps (transactions) can be protected to proof eventual alteration (e.g., using a blockchain system). Blockchain is a distributed database of records in the form of encrypted \"blocks\" (smaller datasets), or a public ledger of all transactions or digital events that have been played out and shared among participating parties,which can be verified at any time in the future [17]. Each transaction in the public master is verified by consensus of a majority of participants in the system. Once entered, information can never be deleted. The blockchain contains a certain, verifiable record of every single transaction ever made, and its blocks can be used to coordinate an action or verify an event [18]. The aim of this paper is to apply a prototype of full electronic traceability along the entire EVOO production chain of a small producer and to verify the economic sustainability of its implementation within a production system. The prototype was built using different technologies (RFID and QR code) and applied (in a central Italy orchard) to trace the EVOO from standing olive tree to final consumers. The infotracing architecture, also composed by dedicated open source apps, was designed for an easy integration of a blockchain platform. The work also explores the economic sustainability of its implementation.