## 3 Results
### Toscanos CGTOS and Velez Valley CGVEL-MAG, with Groups CG13 and CG14  
Individuals MOS006, 007, 009 (at the left of the group in the dendrogram of Figure 5), 014, 062, 064, 080 (corresponding to amphorae) and MOS030 (a tripod mortar/vessel) were related in previous statistical treatments [22] to the reference group of the Phoenician site of Toscanos [47; 48]. The principal chemical differences between CCGGUA and CGTOS are the lower Cr and Ni concentrations in the latter, besides having the lower MnO among the ceramics in the left-hand branch of the dendrogram (Table 3). They also have different petrographic characteristics where, in contrast to the presence of serpentinite in the Guadalahorce ceramics, mica-schist is the main inclusion characterising products of the Velez valley in what is considered Group 9 (Metamorphic Rocks). However, the distinction between different groups deriving from the area of the Velez River is challenging, both through mineralogical and chemical means [49; 50]. Archaeological remains from several  
Figure 8: Photomicregraphs of vitrification state estimation by SEM-EDX. MOS069 (Vc, PXRD fabric CCGGUA-I). MOS012 (Vc, PXRD fabric CCGGUA-II). MOS062 (Vc –, PXRD fabric CCGOS-I). MOS007 (Vc/Vc+, PXRD fabric CGTOS-II). MOS023 (Vc, PXRD fabric CG13-I). MOS061 (Vc+, PXRD fabric CG14-II). MOS048 (IV, PXRD fabric CG21-I). MOS0505 (Vc, PXRD fabric CG10-I). MOS032 (Vc, PXRD fabric CG10-II). MOS068 (IV, PXRD fabric CG17-I). MOS054 (V, PXRD fabric CG19-I). IV: initial vitrification. Vc–: continuous vitrification (less developed). Vc: continuous vitrification. Vc+: continuous vitrification (more developed). V: extensive vitrification. workshops in the area reflect the intensity of ceramic manufacture during the Iron Age [55]. Only in the case of CGTOS does a possible relation exist between the chemical group and the site of Toscanos, suggesting a specific, known provenance. For this reason, all samples related to the Velez River area--several amphone (MOS067, 074, and 076) and one _pithos_ (MOS077)--but not ascribed to a specific workshop were labelled as CGVEL-MAG. Nevertheless, the significantly high CGVEL-MAG MnO concentrations separate the group from CGTOS (Table 3). The general link of the chemical composition of groups CG13 and CG14 and loners MOS010, 015, 024, 001 (amphorae), and 083 (dipper jug; see Figure 3j) with the Velez River area should also be noted, though they vary sufficiently for their exclusion from the previous groups. For instance, group CG13 (MOS020 and 023) has high Cu and Zn concentrations (Table 3), and group CG14 (MOS013, 021, 061, 065, and 073) exhibits the highest Zn concentrations. These chemical similarities related to the Velez-Malaga region were also detected by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [49; 50], suggesting a greater diversity in the production of this area [56]. Even if they exhibit differences, loners MOS010, 015, 024, 001, and 083 are grouped as CG15 to point to an origin in a similar geological environment, but it is important to keep in mind that this group is heterogeneous and does not seem to represent a specific production unit or location. PE analysis shows that the main characteristic of CGTOS (including individual MOS009) and CGVEL-MAG ceramics, all classed in Group 9, is the presence of metamorphic rocks as the predominant non-plastic inclusion in a dense calcareous matrix (Figure 7, MOS009). Fragments of schist and rounded to well-rounded elongate phyllites dominate the coarse fraction, while muscovite mica, quartz, albite, and opaques indicate low-grade metamorphism. There may also be sedimentary rocks that have been changed by metamorphism, amphiboles, garnet, and homblende that have been changed into serpentine. These petrographic characteristics are also present in groups CG13 and CG14, indicating a nearby provenance. The similarities between the geological formations of the Riff area (Morocco) and the Baetic mountain range [57] hinder a more precise determination of provenance.