# Hyperledger Fabric Access Control for Industrial Internet of Things
## 1 Introduction
The rapid development of the Internet of Things requires more complete distributed access control standards. Blockchain technology has four advantages of evaluation control, namely decentralization, encryption, scalability, and tamper resistance. As of today, blockchain technology has been developed to version 3.0. As its core technology, smart contracts build a safe and reliable operating environment for applications and endow the blockchain with more powerful functions. Therefore, based on the existing access control methods, many scholars have proposed various IoT access control methods by combining them with blockchain and smart contracts. IIoT looks very similar to IoT, yet there are many differences between them in terms of practical applications and security requirements. The main difference between the two lies in how they are used and the types of services they provide. Consumer-grade devices mainly provide services through the Internet of Things. The most important area for using IIoT is mission-critical systems. More differences can be found in respective architectures, communication, connectivity, data volume, latency, speed, and scalability. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9] claimed that the IIoT is a machine-to-machine communication technology consisting of various networked industrial machines which generate, process, and exchange large amounts of data related to missions and critical safety infrastructure. IIoT also uses communication protocols to share confidential information, which is exposed to many cyber threats. IIoT can help make better business decisions and provide better scalability, connectivity, and efficiency. However, the centralized nature of IIoT devices makes them vulnerable to many cyber threats. Due to the heterogeneous networks used by different devices, the security problem of IIoT has become more critical. Since IIoT devices have been used in mission and critical security systems, security vulnerabilities need to be resolved and improved. First, the heterogeneity of IoT objects makes them vulnerable to different network attacks when connected to existing network systems. Secondly, existing security tools, such as encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems, are generally not suitable for IIoT environments due to the resource-constrained nature of IoT devicesand the incompatibility between IoT standards and network protocols. Finally, inconsistent maintenance and updates of systems can make it difficult to test vulnerabilities in IIoT networks. With the rapid development of IIoT, more problems such as energy efficiency, performance, coexistence, interoperability, security, privacy, etc., still need to be resolved. One of the main requirements that IIoT needs to address is security and privacy, which have always been the focus of IIoT and IoT devices. Since IIoT is an open, distributed, and heterogeneous system, achieving security has become a huge challenge. With IIoT, industrial infrastructure is vulnerable to cyber threats and attacks. The reason behind this is sharing information with the cloud to achieve efficiency and performance improvements, making industrial infrastructure more interconnected and smarter. IIoT devices make decisions transparently and share them among stakeholders to help with asset tracking. Such transparency of sensitive data attracts malicious attackers. In addition, IIoT handles tasks and safety-critical systems that generate large amounts of data to help make smart and important business-related decisions. Therefore, protecting the generated data and communication protocols becomes extremely important. IIoT devices are vulnerable to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, device hijacking, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), and permanent denial of service (PDoS). These security issues will affect valuable and sensitive data, leading to a huge impact on the industrial infrastructure that implements IIoT. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the security of IIoT to protect mission-critical systems and industrial infrastructure [10; 11].