# Evaluation of Digital Piracy by Youths
## 2 Literature Review  
The behaviours associated with piracy were definitely present before the development of the information society. However, due to the practically unrestricted access to file repositories and pirate VOD (Video On Demand) services this phenomenon has become much more noticeable, especially within the creative industry, which has suffered significant losses due to piracy. The phenomenon is considered to be a global one, with many common characteristics regardless of the region. It is present in many countries and is strictly associated with the digital revolution, the commonality of computerisation, and social processes [10; 11]. About 7.5 million Poles (out of a population of 38 million) use services that offer illegal access to video content. Depending on the type of content, from 50% to 70% of the people who took part in the PWC study use both legal and illegal forms of movie and TV series streaming services; however, it is the illegal sources which prevail. Thus, it is estimated that one in five Poles regularly use websites that illegally share audio-visual files. The estimated value of the losses incurred through piracy amounts to 500-700 million PLN a year (ca. US dollars 11 855 000) [12]. The data gathered in a recent Deloitte report show that due to piracy in Poland, GDP suffers a shortfall of up to PLN 3 billion every year, the economy has lost 27 thousand jobs and the state treasury has lost PLN 836 million. As the same time, Deloitte experts estimate that every Internet user aged 15-75 uses illegal online sources, thus causing losses to the creative industry [13]. It is difficult to count the losses resulting from piracy globally; however from time to time we can find such estimates in the subject matter literature from around the world. For example, the American Motion Picture Association claims that in 2005 the movie industry alone lost USD 2.3 billion of income due to online piracy [10]. Of course, the data that show losses should be treated very carefully because, due to the fact that there are different channels of unauthorised file distribution, it is hard to determine the actual scale of piracy. This, in turn, affects the estimations of the real losses for content creators. Considering the data collected during the Global Online Piracy Study, more than 50% of music is downloaded illegally in India and Thailand. Significantly lower shares of illegal music downloads were recorded in Spain (39.5%), Poland (26%), and France and Canada (22%). The lowest percentage of illegally downloaded music files was observed in Japan (8%). As for illegally downloaded movies, the percentage results are similar [14]. Last year, all over the world, users visited 300 billion websites with pirated content, which is 1.6% more compared to 2016. According to data obtained by MUSO, illegal streaming and downloading of TV shows and music are on the increase, whereas traditional piracy, like downloading movies, is becoming less common. As for the number of visits to websites with illegal content, the USA tops the list. Piracy in Poland, like in neighbouring Central-East European countries, is at an average level [15]. Digital piracy has become a common phenomenon. This is true even for countries with a high GDP that is based in large part on the development of computer applications and audio-visual materials. The phenomenon of piracy, despite the legal solutions that currently protect content creators and the distributors of digital products, is common in many countries all over the world [16; 17]. The scale of digital piracy depends on many factors, such as the advanced IT infrastructure used to create repositories with links to software, videos, and music.