## 3 Results
### Determination of Selected Compounds via UPLC-MS/MS  
Waste materials from winemaking, such as grape buds, possess potential associated with polyphenolic compounds. This suggests their secondary utilization, emphasizing their contribution to sustainable practices in the grapevine industry [49]. To evaluate the quantity of selected polyphenolic compounds in grapevine buds extracted using two different ways, UPLC-MS/MS was employed. The extracted ion chromatograms (XIC) obtained for selected compounds in SurfE and SolvE in negative ionization mode are presented in Figures S1 and S2, respectively, in Supplementary Materials, and the calculated data are presented in Table 3.  
To assess their collective contribution to the phytochemical composition of grapevine bud polyphenols, the study analyzed health-promoting components from six classes of phenolic compounds: flavonols (rutin and quercetin), phenolic acids (gallic acid and vanillic), flavanols ((+)-catechin and (\(-\))-epicatechin 3-gallate), cinnamic acids (_trans_-ferulic acid), flavonones (apigenin), and stilbenes (_trans_-resveratrol). The primary phenolic compounds in both micellar and solvent extracts were quinic acid (78.8 mg/kg and 54.5 mg/kg, respectively) and gallic acid (10.8 mg/kg and 9.0 mg/L, respectively). Moreover, extracts from buds obtained through micellar extraction exhibited a higher content of both of these antioxidants. The literature emphasizes the potential antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties of quinic acid [50]. Figure 2: The grapevine buds used for studies. As a result of the surfactant-assisted extraction of grapevine buds, 2.5 times more ruin is released compared to solvent extraction. Furthermore, the ruin content in SurfE from grape buds is almost five times higher than extracts obtained through LCE from grape pomace [39]. Apigenin, vanillic acid, and trans-resveratrol content were detected in both types of analyzed grapevine bud extracts but did not differ in amount in a statistically significant way (4.91 mg/kg, 1.09 mg/kg, and 1.67 mg/kg for SurfE and 5.07 mg/kg, 1.08 mg/kg, and 1.65 mg/kg for SolvE, respectively). Both catechins, quercetin and trans ferulic acid, were noted only in micellar extracts. Catechins have demonstrated positive effects in humans owing to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antiallergenic, and anticancer properties. They enhance the penetration and absorption of skincare products into the body and skin, thereby enhancing their efficacy as well [51]. The utilization of catechin-rich preparations may play a beneficial role in inhibiting the proliferation of human cancer cells [52]. The data identified the analyzed grapevine bud extracts as an excellent source of polyphenols. The contribution of each class of polyphenols to the phenolic content is shown in Figure 3. UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the quality profiles of polyphenolic compounds in both types of extracts were similar. However, using a surfactant resulted in a greater extraction of the phytocomplex compared to solvent isolation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Compound** & **SurfE** & **SolvE** \\ \hline Quinic acid & 78.8 \(\pm\) 0.8 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 54.5 \(\pm\) 0.6 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Gallic acid & 10.8 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Ruin & 8.43 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.43 \(\pm\) 0.41 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Apigenin & 4.91 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.07 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ Vanillic acid & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.08 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _trans_-Resveratrol & 1.67 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.65 \(\pm\) 08 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ (\(-\))-Epicatechin 3-gallate & 1.07 \(\pm\) 0.07 & nd \\ Quercetin & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.09 & nd \\ _(\(+\))-Catechin & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.02 & nd \\ _trans_-Ferulic acid & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.01 & nd \\ \hline Sum of polyphenols & 107.9 & 74.8 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}