## 7 Conclusions  
Since there are not enough data on evacuation under the threat of wildfires, researchers may use data from evacuation under different incidents, such as hurricanes or floods for evacuation modeling. However, given the numerous variations between these disaster scenarios, there are uncertainties over applying hurricane studies to wildfires. Hurricanes and the region where they are going to affect could be anticipated with more accuracy than wildfires, and typically, the evacuation under these circumstances have longer times and could be managed differently. These challenges make it quite obvious that required data for evacuation modeling must be collected from evacuations under the threat of wildfire, even in areas where there are extensive data from other incidents available. Nevertheless, it goes without saying that data from other research could be used to modify models for WUI fires. As for the evacuation simulation models, most of the models that were overviewed are not specially designed for WUI wildfire evacuation scenarios. However, as discussed, they can be modified to provide valuable data for evacuation planning and management regardless of their original mission. These models either focus on vehicle transport through the road systems as a mass concept, individual cars through an urban area, or even pedestrians. Usually, the integration between vehicles and pedestrian are not considered, which can cause serious challenges during a wildfire evacuation. The models usually lack detailed features which take the interaction between wildfire behavior and WUI residents' evacuation behavior. Different factors, like age, sex, culture, race, people with impairment, occupation type (residents or tourists), and income, affect each evacuee's decision-making process, which should be considered. Even the proximity to wildfire hazards has a great deal of influence on the behavior of evacuees. Nevertheless, it should be said that these models can be of great use in identifying critical points in a transportation system and roads that might cause problems during evacuations. The evacuee decisions can be estimated by a professional analyst and implemented into the model. In order to have complete and effective evacuation simulation software, a model should be provided that integrates the wildfire characteristics and smoke spread with the evacuee behaviors and the transportation and network system. The identified gaps in wildfire evacuation modeling, including the challenges in decision-making modeling, the scarcity of behavioral data, the understanding of evacueebehavior, the reliance on unrealistic assumptions, and the limited consideration of interrelated effects of wildfire and wildfire behavior on the evacuation process, collectively form a critical foundation for future work in this field. Addressing these gaps will be paramount to advancing the state of knowledge and enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of wildfire evacuation strategies. Future research endeavors should focus on refining evacuation models by incorporating novel methodologies, collecting more comprehensive behavioral data, and integrating real-time information on wildfire behavior. In summary, this study delved into the complexities of wildfire evacuation modeling and simulation, shedding light on crucial findings and identifying significant limitations and challenges. The main findings underscored the need for specialized data for wildfire evacuation modeling, given the unique characteristics of wildfires compared to other incidents like hurricanes or floods. It was highlighted that while data from other incidents might provide some insights, the specific nuances of wildfire behavior and its rapid changes require dedicated evacuation data for accurate modeling. The study also reviewed various evacuation simulation models across different scales--macro, meso, and micro. While these models were not originally designed for wildfire evacuations, they can be adapted to offer valuable insights for planning and management.