## 7 Concluding Remarks and Outlook  
The concept of Digital Shadow is a promising technology that provides the user with valuable information regarding the operation of manufacturing systems, which can further facilitate the reduction of costs related to production, operation and maintenance operations. Moreover, with the integration of advanced simulation techniques, engineers are provided with tools for reducing decision-making time. In this research, the implementation of a Digital Shadow framework in the production line of a food manufacturer has been presented. The Digital Shadow model was used for monitoring the production line, collecting and analyzing datafor the prediction of future system states and possible malfunctions. With the proposed Digital Shadow model the design, operation, control, and performance of the production line can be further improved by running experimental scenarios. The implementation of the proposed Digital Shadow model lays the foundations for the complete digitalization of the industry and facilitates its conformity to Industry 4.0 standards. Specifically, sensors were installed for data acquisition and the corresponding communication protocols have been applied for efficient and continuous data transmission. The validation of the digital model was carried out using a DOE approach, where control factors and levels were selected to determine the required experiments. Four control factors were selected along with two levels for each factor; the verification/validation of the digital model was carried out in four instead of eight digital experiments. The ANOVA method was then followed to find the factor that most affects the performance of the production system; this was the machine's productivity. Although this productivity can reach up to 300 pieces per minute, the machines operate at 68 pieces per minute. This is because a bottleneck occurs in the production section, in particular in the mixing, boiling, and homogenizing process. The digital model was used to evaluate the proposed scenario, which resulted in an increase in production capacity from two tons to eight tons per hour. The estimated investment cost is approximately 40,000 \(\mathbf{\upxi}\), while the profit from the production of additional products is estimated at 288,000 \(\mathbf{\upxi}\) within one working week. Furthermore, the proposed production line layout contributed to the increase in production rate and product mix. Future research work will focus on the finalization of the digitalization process for the company. Concretely, the evolution of the Digital Shadow model to a Digital Twin model will take place. In addition, the aim will be to improve the communication level between the digital object and the physical object, so that bidirectional communication can take place. Digital Twin architecture will be piloted in the filling machine and the model will expand to the entirety of the production line. Conceptualization, Project Acquisition, Supervision; writing--review and editing. D.M. ; Software, writing--original draft preparation, writing--review and editing N.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Simulation Time = 480 (min)/Bottle Capacity = 490 (g)/Product A**} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**A/A**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**KPI.1: Quantity**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**KPI.2: Productivity**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(ton/h)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(Bottles/min)**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Theoretical**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Experimental**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Theoretical**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Experimental**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Value**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Value**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Value**} \\ \hline
1 & 2 & 2 & & 68 \\
2 & 4 & 4 & & 136 \\
3 & 6 & 6 & 300 & 204 \\
4 & 8 & 8 & & 272 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 15: Results of Digital Model—After the Implementation of Proposed Infrastructure.