# Comprehensive Energy Demand Response Optimization Dispatch Method Based on Carbon Trading
## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, with the development of society and the continuous exploitation of fossil fuels, global warming caused by carbon emissions has become the focus of global attention. Therefore, countries around the world have put forward higher green energy requirements for the energy industry [1]. In 2022, the carbon emissions of China's power industry will account for more than 40% of the country's carbon emissions. Reducing the carbon emissions of the power industry is an important part of achieving the dual carbon goals [2; 3]. Therefore, it has become the consensus of all countries in the world to promote the tight coupling of multi-energy systems, reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, and increase the access ratio of clean energy [4]. An Integrated Energy System (IES) coordinates and optimizes energy generation, transmission, distribution, conversion, storage, and consumption. It integrates various energy sources, such as cold, thermal, electricity, natural gas, etc. The deep integration between different energy systems has promoted the large-scale utilization of renewable energy. It is one of the important technical means to achieve emission reduction targets [5; 6; 7]. At present, some progress has been made in the research of an IES scheduling operation and model method considering energy saving and emission reduction. The authors in [8; 9] conducted a refined analysis of the user demand side, established a response model for the reducible load, transferable load, and replaceable load, and introduced the flexible characteristics of load into the integrated energy system dispatch strategy. Researchers [10; 11] have also considered the schedulable characteristics of electrical thermal load, aimed at the minimum comprehensive operating cost and minimum load adjustment of the IES, respectively, which proves that a comprehensive demand response can more effectivelyreduce the amount of abandoned wind and light than a single demand response. In [12; 13], a mathematical model of the natural gas time-of-use price and the thermal energy load response, by analogy to the peak-valley time-of-use price strategy of electricity load, was established. It was proved that considering the electrical thermal load demand response can achieve a better peak shaving and valley filling effect than considering the single load response. References [14; 15] incorporated the user's demand for cooling, heating, and electric power into the scope of the demand response on the basis of a traditional demand response, further tapping into the user's demand response potential, changing the user's energy consumption strategy and effectively alleviating the power shortage. In terms of carbon emissions, [16; 17; 18] analyzed the principles of a ladder-type carbon trading and traditional carbon trading, and introduced them into the electricity-gas-heat integrated energy system. It proves the rationality of introducing a low-carbon economic dispatch of the integrated energy system into the carbon-trading mechanism. Reference [17] used energy storage and pumped hydro storage as composite energy storage components, used energy storage to smooth the output fluctuations of new energy sources, and introduced a carbon-trading mechanism to reduce the carbon emissions of the power system. The authors in [19; 20] studied the energy flow between multi-energy hubs and the distribution of CO\({}_{2}\) in the power grid and natural gas network. References [21; 22] studied the dispatch strategy of the integrated energy system of electricity-heat-gas co-generation under the ladder carbon price. In [23; 24], the transmission system of the power system to trace the source of the user-side power and evaluate its carbon emission intensity was combined. However, the current carbon emissions calculation for the integrated energy system mainly considers the carbon emissions of various types of generator sets, ignoring the beneficial effect of power-to-gas (_P2G_) equipment on reducing carbon emissions.