###### Abstract  
In this paper, a method for waste incineration slag is proposed. An incineration acidification alkalization modification was carried out based on the characteristics of the oxides (SiO\({}_{2}\), CaO, Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), and MgO) of waste incineration slag. With modified slag as the carrier and NaHCO\({}_{3}\) as the supporter, a slag-based composite powder explosion inhibitor was prepared with the solvent-crystallization wet coating (WCSC), ball milling dry coating (DCBM), and air impact dry coating (DCAI) methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the three methods were compared and analyzed. Explosion suppression experiments on oil shale dust were carried out, and the explosion suppression mechanism was described. The explosion suppression process of the modified slag-NaHCO\({}_{3}\) composite powder explosion inhibitor for oil shale dust was found to involve a synergy of physical and chemical inhibition. This explosion suppression mechanism indicates three requirements for the preparation and application of industrial solid waste-based composite powder explosion inhibitors. The feasibility of preparing composite powder explosion inhibitors from waste incinerator slag was discussed from the experimental point of view and its explosion suppression performance on oil shale dust was studied with the intention of providing a new form of resource utilization for waste incinerator slag.  
waste incinerator slag; modification; slag-based composite powder explosion inhibitor; oil shale dust explosion; explosion suppression mechanism +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Soft  
is primarily landfilled or otherwise used as filling material for embankments or road bases [4; 5].  
[PERSON] [6] studied the feasibility of city refuse incinerator slag as auxiliary gel for building materials. [PERSON] [7] used MSW incineration slag as a substitute for cement and coarse aggregate in concrete.  
In terms of preparing explosion inhibitors from solid waste, most research has mixed two or more materials to obtain hybrid composite materials. [PERSON] [8] prepared a Ca (H\({}_{2}\)PO\({}_{4}\))\({}_{2}\)/RM composite explosion inhibitor with core-shell structure from red mud and Ca (H\({}_{2}\)PO\({}_{4}\)) for suppressing aluminum powder explosions. [PERSON] [9] used fly ash and active powder to prepare powder explosion inhibitors for suppressing coal dust explosions. [PERSON] [10] used diatomic and NaHCO\({}_{3}\) to prepare powder explosion inhibitors for suppressing aluminum powder explosions.  
At present, research on the preparation of composite powder explosion inhibitors with waste incinerator slag is rare, and most of the composite methods of other hybrid composites are mechanical or chemical composite methods [11; 12; 13]. However, the specific experimental parameters of different materials in the composite process (such as material mass, temperature, mechanical speed, and air flow rate) are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the materials [14; 15; 16]. Therefore, this paper follows the research conducted for a variety of composite methods studied by previous scholars. In this paper, the preparation method of a slag-based composite powder explosion inhibitor from waste incineration slag is proposed, the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical composite methods (DBCM and DCAI) and a chemical composite method (WCSC) are compared and analyzed. Explosion inhibition experiments on oil shale dust were carried out by using an MSA-NaHCO\({}_{3}\) composite powder explosion inhibitor, and the mechanism of the MSA-NaHCO\({}_{3}\) composite powder explosion inhibitor for the explosion of oil shale dust was observed. This study provides a new idea and method for recycling waste incinerator slag and dust explosion suppression techniques.