## 2 Experimental Method
### Experimental Equipment  
The grinding facilities have a high-speed precision grinder model ESG-1020 CNC, meticulously crafted by Equip Top Hitech Corp. Taichung, Taiwan. The operational framework of the grinding facilities includes a schematic delineation depicting the utilization of a diamond wheel installed on both steel and CFRP (carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer) hubs for the execution of the grinding procedure, as showcased in Figure 1. Supplementary to this, Figures 2 and 3, respectively, portray auxiliary components of a static analysis and a process performance evaluation. A comprehensive exposition of the dimensional specifications of the grinding wheel, incorporating steel and CFRP hubs and a measuring apparatus such as WC, is explained in Table 1. The system's configuration parameters are orchestrated to discern the vibrational phenomena and capture distinct morphological transformations induced during the grinding process involving WC. The dimensions of the WC grinding test block are stipulated at 100 \(\times\) 60 \(\times\) 20 mm\({}^{3}\), with the WC material characterized by a hardness range of 90 to 95 (HRA). A dressing block is employed to refine the grinding wheel's surface to optimize its grinding performance. This process serves to ensure the consistency and efficacy of the grinding operation. The instrumentation used for measuring vibrations entails a non-magnetic dynamometer, a deliberate choice aimed at mitigating any undesirable influence of magnetic forces on the precision and quality of the grinding process.  
Figure 2: The auxiliary facilities of the static analysis. (**a**) Impact hammer. (**b**) Accelerometer (Model: 352C23). (**c**) Data acquisition platform built (Model: Card/NI-9174). (**d**) Sound and vibration input module (Model: NI-9234).  
The selection of abrasive materials for grinding wheels includes attributes such as robust wear resistance, inherent toughness, and elevated hardness. These attributes are paramount when opting for distinct abrasive materials tailored to the varied properties of the workpiece materials. The bonding agent employed in grinding wheel fabrication is predominantly categorized into the following classifications: metal, ceramic, rubber, and resin. The resin bond, distinguished by its heightened elasticity, mitigates impacts and augments buffering capabilities throughout the grinding operation. Notably, its influence on the workpiece surface is minimal due to the reduced normal force resistance exhibited during grinding. This technology is ubiquitous in high-speed grinding wheel configurations [19]. Regarding the abrasive constituents, conventional selections encompass WA (White Aluminum Oxide), GC (Green Silicon Carbide), diamond, and CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride). Notably, diamond abrasives are extensively employed in machining recalcitrant materials characterized by their elevated hardness [20]. Furthermore, diamond abrasives' exceptional heat dissipation properties contribute to maintaining optimal thermal conditions during the grinding process [21]. In the formulation of the grinding wheel under study, diamond abrasives with a Knoop hardness of 7000 and an average particle dimension of 105 um are synergistically combined with a resin bond.