# Correlation Study of Auroral Currents with External Parameters During 10-12 October 2024 Superstorm
## 1 Introduction
(2008) [6] studied storm-time PEJ characteristics using CHAMP data and Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) simulations during the 31 March 2001 storm, with a minimum Dst of \(-387\) nT. They concluded that the equatorward shift in PEJs during the daytime was driven by the southward IMF, while the nighttime variations were more closely linked to Dst. [PERSON] et al. (2016) [7] reported a significant intensification of daytime FACs and their equatorward movement to approximately \(60^{\circ}\) magnetic latitude (MLat) after a prolonged southward IMF, as observed by AMPERE. [PERSON] et al. (2022) [8] analyzed 28 storms (Dst \(\leq-50\) nT) from high-speed streams (2010-2017), finding a strong correlation between integrated FACs, equivalent currents, and Akasofu parameters, with stronger currents observed during high-pressure events. In a subsequent study, [PERSON] et al. (2023) [9] examined 45 storms driven by interplanetary CMEs, noting that currents peaked about an hour after storm onset, with high-pressure events seeing earlier and stronger current peaks. These previous studies did not consider the entire local time sectors and did not conduct quantitative correlation analyses with various external parameters. Therefore, they only qualitatively identify external factors that are strongly correlated with FACs or PEJs without specifying which external factor has the best correlation. More recently, [PERSON] et al. (2024) [10] studied the relationship between peak current densities, latitudes, solar wind IMF parameters, and Dst during the May 2024 geomagnetic storm. They found that the dawnside and duskside FACs most strongly correlated with Dst or Pd, while dayside (nightside) FACs in both hemispheres were primarily linked to Pd (Em or Pd). The PEJs showed a strong correlation with Dst across most local time sectors, and current latitudes were most strongly related to Dst or Pd. Storm-time FACs and PEJs may not follow a uniform pattern, and they vary depending on the specific geomagnetic storm event, thus requiring further investigation. Since the external parameters during the May and October magnetic storms changed differently over time, it is unclear whether the dominant external factors were the same or different. Further investigation is required to clarify this. Some studies have explored dawn-dusk asymmetries in FAC density and latitude. [PERSON] et al. (2005) [11] found that the IMF By component and partial ring current contributed to stronger currents on the duskside, causing them to expand equatorward when compared to the dawnside. By contrast, [PERSON] et al. (2020) [12] showed that the dawn-dusk asymmetry manifested as an enhanced region 2 (R2) FAC density on the duskside, with minimal differences in the equatorward shift in FACs between the two hemispheres during the September 2017 storm. [PERSON] et al. (2024) [10] investigated the May 2024 geomagnetic storm and found that in the Northern Hemisphere, maximum FACs and PEJs occurred at dawn, while in the Southern Hemisphere, these phenomena were more prominent at dusk. Additionally, duskside currents were observed at lower latitudes than dawnside currents. Therefore, the contradictory issue of dawn-dusk asymmetry needs to be further investigated by examining more geomagnetic storm events. [PERSON] et al. (2024) [10] found that current strengths in the Northern Hemisphere during summer were larger than in the Southern Hemisphere during winter, with northern currents located more poleward than their southern counterparts. These hemispheric differences are believed to stem from seasonal variations in ionospheric conductivity, although further research is required to confirm this hypothesis. This study further investigated the temporal and spatial variations in FACs and PEJs during the geomagnetic storms of 10-12 October 2024. The three Swarm satellites, positioned in dawn-dusk and daytime-nighttime sectors, offer an optimal configuration for examining local time asymmetries in relation to external factors. [PERSON] et al.