## 2 Brief Tectono-Geophysical Setting
Figure 2A was compiled mainly from the aeromagnetic measurements carried out at different levels and re-tracked to the common 5 km altitude (the magnetic data were obtained from the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map DataBase compiled by the US Geological Survey ([[http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/](http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)]([http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/](http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)), (accessed on 23 July 2023)). Figure 2B displays the Curie discontinuity map developed mainly from the thermal data analysis supplemented after [29]. Figure 2: **(A)** Magnetic–thermal geodynamic map of the studied region (modified after [23]). **(B)** Curie discontinuity map of Israel (modified and supplemented after [29]). (1) Main faults, **(2)** intraplate faults, (3) southern boundary of the Mediterranean accretionary belt, (4) areas with no data, (5) contour of the delineated Kíama paleomagnetic zone [22], (6) thermal flow values observed at sea bottom (after [30] with corrections for the sedimentation velocity, in mW/m\({}^{2}\) (\(\blacklozenge\) 13.9 \(\pm\) 2.9, \(\blacklozenge\) 44.9 \(\pm\) 12.1, \(\blacklozenge\) 46.4 \(\pm\) 14.2, \(\blacklozenge\) 36.3 \(\pm\) 3.9, \(\blacklozenge\) 32.5 \(\pm\) 7.0, \(\blacklozenge\) 20.5 \(\pm\) 7.3, \(\blacklozenge\) 56.9 \(\pm\) 8.2, \(\blacklozenge\) 26.8 \(\pm\) 10.0, \(\blacklozenge\) 32.2 \(\pm\) 9.9, \(\blacklozenge\) 49.5 \(\pm\) 10.8, \(\blacklozenge\) 26.5 \(\pm\) 6.9). Key magnetic anomalies: An, Antalya; B, Beirut [6]; Ba, Banyas [31]; C, Carmel [6]; E, Eratosthenes [23]; H, Hebron [6]; HAE, Hasandag and Erciyes Mts. [32]; Hm, HaMeishar [26]; Ka, Karaman and Karsanti [18]; Kd, Kur Dag [18]; P, Palmyrides [31]; T, Troodos. The magnetic map (Figure 2A) clearly shows that the regions of the EMM with the predominant oceanic crust development are characterized by values from 0 to +370 nT, and the region of the continental crust development of the Anatolian area and the Nubian-Sinai region forms a zone of the negative magnetic values from 0 to \(-\)450 nT. The low heat flow values observed in the EMM confirm the hypothesis about the oceanic crust origin in this region [23; 28]. The Mesozoic terrane belt (MTB) [20; 23], composed of the thinned continental crust, has both positive and negative magnetic field anomalies in equal measure (Figure 2A). The magnetic data generally confirm the tectonic elements overlaid on this map (main tectonic faults, intraplate tectonic faults, and plate boundaries). For instance, in this map, the boundary of the Aegean-Anatolian plate and the western and eastern boundaries of the Sinai plate (see also Figures 1 and 3) are clearly indicated. The boundary between the Precambrian plate and the Mesozoic terrane belt is also well delineated. Figure 3: Areal–tectonic map of the examined magnetic anomalies and paleomagnetic areas in Israel. Paleomagnetic areas: MR—Makhtesh Ramon, Pa—Paran area, CA—Carmel, SG—Sea of Galilee, HE—Hermon, HU—Hula. The blue circles with numbers designate the location of interpreted magnetic anomalies: (1) Carmel, (2) Sea of Galilee, (3) Rosh Ha-Ain, (4) Hebron, (5) Malqishon. DST, Dead Sea Transform; SF, Sinai Fault. The correlation between the two geodynamic segments of the Earth's crust in this region--the collisional (Tethyan) and the spreading (Red Sea)--with the data of the Curie discontinuity distribution (Figure 2B), confined to the upper part of the mantle lithosphere [29], looks fascinating. In general, north of latitude 32\({}^{\circ}\), in the offshore zone of the MTB, the position of the Curie surface elevations increases to a depth of \(-\)46 km. To the south, it reaches a depth of \(-\)(38-40) km, probably due to the proximity of the northern part of the Red Sea rift with an increased heat flow. However, this situation is associated with the modern evaluation stage of this region. Furthermore, in the geological past, the overall development of the magnetoactive complexes of igneous rocks was associated with other deep geophysical processes and their tectonic structures [14].