## 3 Implementation of the Proposed BIM-GIS Utility Infrastructure Framework
### Application  
The BIM-GIS model provided all the necessary information about the location, size, material, utility type, owner, installation date, and inspection and repair data that provides useful information from planning to the execution phase of any excavation project. The developed platform provided the 3D design drawings, excavation volume, cost, and schedule at the design stage. During the construction phase, it provided the real-time 3D  
Figure 14: 3D modeling of utility network categorized with different layers: (**a**) utility network models in BIM environment and (**b**) visualization of utility infrastructure system in GIS environment.  
visualization of the underground utilities and 3D design model location to the excavator operator during excavation. Excavation work was successfully carried out without any utility strike.  
Using the integrated BIM-GIS model, we were able to represent the utility models with great detail, having geometrical and semantic information that facilitates utility management. Each type of utility is represented with different colors that enhance the visualization. During the construction of new sewer pipes, the developed integrated models were used in the machine guidance. It shows the existing information to the excavator operators in a graphical display, thereby increasing the model's visualization during excavation in real time. The use of the utility model helped the stakeholders to identify the clashes between existing and new designs. Figure 15a presents the model with utility pipes for the representation in machine guidance during excavation, while Figure 15b shows the utility clashes identified during this process. On the basis of the identified clashes, we changed the new utility sewer line design to different coordinates. The new design and existing utility design were displayed in the machine guidance to facilitate the excavator's operator in real time. Figure 15c shows the visualization of utility models in the machine guidance during excavation.  
The integrated model contains the necessary information in a database about each utility, such as utility name, utility type, unique ID, material, slope, and length that can be extracted. Furthermore, the maintenance data can also be obtained, such as installation date, maintenance date, maintenance staff, latest maintenance date, and maintenance cost. The final integrated model is such that all the related information is displayed when a utility component is selected. The integrated system stores the information associated with each  
Figure 15: Application of developed BIM-GIS platform: (**a**) 3D excavation design drawing with existing underground utilities, (**b**) clash detection during design, (**c**) screenshot of machine guidance operator screen during excavation, (**d**) information retrieval from GIS database linked with a utility component.  
utility component in a geodatabase. Figure 15d shows the information displayed on the user interface for a utility component. The proposed integrated BIM-GIS platform supports the visualization, simulation, and management of underground utility infrastructure that improves the efficiency of the traditional technique adopted by practitioners and facilitates them during the design, construction, and maintenance stage.