###### Abstract
2  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Stomatology, 2 nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic 1  
[PERSON]  
2 Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Cybernetics, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Stomatology, 2 nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic 1  
[PERSON]  
2 Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Cybernetics, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Stomatology, 2 nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic 1  
[PERSON]  
2 Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Cybernetics, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Stomatology, 2 nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic 1  
[PERSON]  
2 Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Cybernetics, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Stomatology, 2 nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic 1  
in the material, mechanical damage during transport or storage, errors caused by difficult repeated use). Moreover, plaster models lack mechanical resistance, are easily destroyed, and are difficult to reuse. Long-term storage of models for archival reasons also requires significant space. To address these issues, computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques have emerged as alternatives to conventional dental technology. These new procedures start with a digital model, which is obtained by digitizing a plaster cast or, in some cases, using intra-oral scanners. Most commercially available scanners are based on triangulation technology or parallel confocal microscopy, although wavefront sampling and interferometry are not yet widely used [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. The standard tessellation language (STL) has become the standard format for digital models in dentistry [6]. The main advantages of digital impressions include clear visualization of defective areas for dentists and the ability to rescan specific areas without the need to repeat the entire impression [7]. However, a major drawback of digital three-dimensional casts is the so-called merging error, which can deform the entire digital cast. This error is caused by the principle of intra-oral scanners, which create small 3D models due to the size of the scanning head and then merge them into a larger model using software tools. Currently, intra-oral scanners are commonly used to capture data for 3D printing. These scanners consist of a computer with specific software and a handheld camera. The software is responsible for creating the three-dimensional geometry of the dental arch, and the resulting STL format is used as a source for 3D printing [6]. In dentistry and orthodontics, four types of printers are particularly interesting:  
* Fused-deposition modeling (FDM): This 3D printing method still has relatively low resolution and is primarily used as an auxiliary method. FDM 3D printers heat a thermoplastic filament to create each layer;
* Stereolithography (SLA) or digital light processing (DLP): These technologies use similar principles but differ in the wavelength of light used;
* Polylet 3D printing: This method involves the layering of liquid polymers;
* Selective laser sintering/selective laser melting (SLS/SLM): These techniques are used for metal printing [4; 8]. The main difference between SLS and SLM is the laser energy used. The thickness of the layers formed by 3D printers depends on the technology used and the desired print quality. The layers are gradually applied, cured, and ultimately result in a complete model [9].