## 5 Micro-Properties of the Cemertitious Materials with RP
### Mineralogical Composition  
The XRD analysis offers valuable information into the reaction mechanisms of cement mixtures. An XRD examination of cementitious matrix, which includes RP, reveals the presence of both hydration products and minerals originating from RP. Diffraction intensities, however, exhibit variations according to factors such as matrix age, fineness, composition, origin, and treatment [9,38,184,192,290,298]. The identified primary common compounds include the following: calcite (CaCO\({}_{3}\)) [7,8,35,52,59,61,71,78,80,83,91,97,98,100,101,103,116,118,122,127,130,137,147,164,176,179,180,192,195,201, 205,211,213,214,231,235,245,250,253,270,293,295,297,299,301], quartz (SiO\({}_{2}\)) [8,32,35,52,59,71,78,80,97,98,100,101,103,116,118,122,127,137,140,147,164,176,179,180,192,195,201,205,211,213,214,216, 217,231,235,245,250,253,293,295,297,298,301], portlandite (CH) [7,8,32,35,52,59,71,78,80,83,91,98, 100,101,103,122,130,140,145,147,164,176,179,180,192,195,201,205,211,213,214,217,231,235,245,250, 253,255,256,270,295,297,298], ettrinigite, the most important phase of Aft [7,8,59,61,71,78,80,83,91,98, 98,118,130,131,140,147,179,211,213,214,217,231,245,253,295,297], alite (C\({}_{2}\)S) and belite (C\({}_{3}\)S) [8,52,61,71,78,80,83,91,103,130,140,147,179,180,192,205,211,213,214,231,245,295,298], calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) [7,8,32,52,81,84,98,101,116,127,140,147,192,201,205,211,213,214,245,250,255,270, 290,295,298], and gypsum [8,52,98,131,179,231,245,250,295]. The identified non-common compounds include the following: tobormite [7,127], dolomite [32,52,97,140,192,231], calcium oxide [52,147,211,213,250,255], mullite [8,97,293], hydrotalcite (Ht) [127,201,290,293], C-(A)S-H [32,97,290,293], monocarbouluminate (C\({}_{4}\)ACH\({}_{11}\)) [78,80,118], vaterite [91,299], rutile (TiO\({}_{2}\)) [78,91], kaolinite [118], calcium aluminate monocarbonate (CAMC) [61,91], ferrite [80,91], feldspar [118,301], sodium calcium alumininosilicate hydrate (NCASH) [205,216], tetracalculum aluminate hydrate (C\({}_{4}\)AH\({}_{13}\)) [118], magnesium silicate hydrate (MSH) [290], tetracalculuminoferrite (C\({}_{4}\)AF) [78], al bite [173], aragonite [299], goethite [122], mica [118], zinc oxide (ZnO) [130], and anhydride (CaSO\({}_{4}\)) [52]. The hydration process of cement-based materials that include RP can be classified into two separate procedures. Upon contact with water, cement undergoes a chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of CH, C-S-H gel, and AFt compounds. Furthermore, RP exhibits pozzolanic reactivity, resulting in the production of extra C-S-H gel [164; 180]. Furthermore, as a form of SCM, RP also provides a diluted impact. Consequently, a reduced amount of CH is produced during the hydration process, and some of the produced CH is used up, resulting in a decreased CH content in the RP paste [180; 211]. C\({}_{2}\)S and C\({}_{3}\)S as anhydrous phases are derived from non-hydrated cement, indicating that the cement has not fully undergone hydration [103; 114; 205; 298]. Quartz is the predominant crystalline mineral phase that mostly originates from the fine aggregates [59; 103; 145; 192; 201; 205; 216]. Calcite also comes from raw material [59; 192; 205]. Calcite may also have developed from the carbonation of hydrates and the introduction of RP [83]. Portlandite (CH) is a secondary product formed during the process of cement hydration, occurring simultaneously with the formation of C-S-H gel [214]. CH and AFt are hydrated phases [83]. CH may also originate from any remaining CH present in the RP [103]. It should be mentioned that the use of the conventional XRD technique for quantifying crystalline phases in pastes is often limited [293] and thermogravimetry can be used to calculate the contents such as C-S-H content [59; 127]. Sodium calcium aluminosilicate hydrate phase (NCASH) and C-S-H are the primary binding products [216]. Gypsum comes from cement [8; 250; 295]. CaCO\({}_{3}\) commonly undergoes hydration to form monocarbonaluminate [214].