## 1 Introduction
### Review Approach and Methodology, Original Contribution, and Paper Structure
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Database**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Publication Type**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Search Term (for All of the Fields in Database)**} \\  & & **BIM** & **DT** & **BIM + DT** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Springer} & Articles & 14,394 & 2073 & 369 \\  & Conference papers & 11,631 & 1812 & 287 \\  & Review articles & 961 & 216 & 88 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Science Direct} & Articles & 531,416 & 26,288 & 5831 \\  & Review articles & 55,294 & 2677 & 1232 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{MDPI} & Articles & 4573 & 1587 & 130 \\  & Review articles & 289 & 259 & 27 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{IEEE Xplore} & Articles & 10,710 & 1297 & 104 \\  & Conference papers & 42,345 & 6343 & 479 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Taylor and Francis} & Articles & 100,179 & 31,278 & 15,934 \\  & Review articles & 2499 & 761 & 479 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{ACM Digital Library} & All types of publications & 420,305 & 388,438 & 187,264 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Wiley Online Library} & Journal papers & 962,144 & 297,491 & 129,909 \\  & Books & 114,702 & 38,876 & 22,847 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Results of the literature review in publishing databases. energy efficiency of buildings for use in the construction of buildings similar to those previously analyzed, and so on. 3. Technologies and solutions in the area of generic IoT and fieldbus networks (edge) can be employed as infrastructure for the implementation of DT functions during the operational phase of buildings with BACS and for the more precise selection of BIM model parameters for future building designs with a similar use and purpose. The confrontation of these theses with the outcomes and conclusions presented in numerous publications related to the subject of the concept and practical implementation of BIM and DT techniques and technologies prompted the authors to prepare the review presented in this paper. In light of the preliminary analyses of the existing literature on the subject, in particular, numerous review publications on BIM and DT, it can be seen that the theses introduced by the authors clearly identify new potential application areas for these technologies and techniques, along with the gaps and challenges indicated by the literature analysis and discussed in this paper. Existing problems and a wide range of knowledge about existing solutions on the market, recorded in numerous mentioned publications, require systematization and wider discussion in the context of development directions, which the authors of the text undertake in this work. These factors determined the commencement of work on this review, which, according to the authors, introduces novel ideas and concepts of potential BIM and DT applications in the building automation industry and improving their energy efficiency. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides an overview of the current application areas of BIM and DT techniques and tools, accompanied by an analysis of the key challenges and gaps. Section 3 presents the latest trends and challenges associated with the design and maintenance of buildings using BIM and DT. In Section 4, the authors examine the potential of BIM and DT solutions to support BACS with IoT design, construction, and operation procedures in buildings. Finally, Section 5 presents the conclusions and outlines future work. Table 3 shows the most important abbreviations used in this paper and explains their meaning.