## 1 Introduction
The results of testing of sulfur-regolith concrete, which was printed on 3D infrastructure, under lunar and Martian conditions, have highlighted the excellent mechanical integrity and the benefits of water-free processing factors that it has, with either of these properties being useful for application in space-based construction [11]. Moreover, sulfur concrete has attracted much attention because of its high resistance to chemicals, impermeability to water, rapid setting, and recyclability. In contrast to Portland cement-based concretes, sulfur concrete does not depend on the process of hydration, so it can be cured fast and can survive under extreme conditions [12]. Sulfur concrete has been further strengthened with the introduction of finely dispersed local soil mineral additives, with an increase of 15-20% compressive strength and an enlargement of regional applicability [13]. Sulfur-modified bitumen is capable of enhancing the performance and durability of asphalt pavement by increasing resistance to rutting and thermal stability as well as decreasing in sensitivity to petroleum-based bitumen dependence [14]. Recent studies have focused on the improvement of sulfur-modified asphalt systems by the addition of bio-designer rubbers and organic copolymers. It has been demonstrated that sulfur can increase the compatibility between the bio-based rubber and bitumen, offering increased flexibility and thermal stability [15]. Moreover, the performance of sulfur-organic copolymer systems has shown an extreme decreased sensitivity to temperature, which is a vital characteristic for high-temperature areas [16]. The addition of sulfur-based industrial waste to asphalt concrete has been confirmed as a successful strategy and significant changes in the resistance to rutting and freeze-thaw have been observed, making such modified mixtures appropriate for use in the construction of climate-resilient roads [17]. Next-generation bio-bitumen advancements have revealed a favorable synergy between sulfur additives and biomass-derived polymers, especially when their roles in promoting the sustainability of asphalt binders [18]. Sulfur in bitumen has also been reported as a cheap modifier and alternative to styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymers and particularly in areas that have excess sulfur by-products [19]. The use of these by-products, including sulfur cake, provides a commendable model of circular economy practices within the construction industry. In addition, recent advancements in material science and process engineering have led to the development of sulfur-polymer blends, microstructural modifiers, and low-temperature processing techniques that significantly enhance the performance and application range of sulfur-based concretes and bitumen [1]. The environmental motivation is further strengthened by the urgent necessity to reduce the carbon footprint of construction materials. Traditional cement production accounts for nearly 8% of global CO\({}_{2}\) emissions, largely due to the calcination of limestone and the energy-intensive clinkerization process [3]. This work provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the technological developments in the utilization of modified sulfur cake for producing sulfur concrete and sulfur-bitumen. The review evaluates recent progress of sulfur cake modification techniques and the mechanical and environmental performance of sulfur-based materials, along with identifying current limitations and future research directions. This work is mainly aimed at bridging the gap between waste management strategies and green construction technologies by investigating the life cycle of modified sulfur cake, from production and treatment to its formulation into construction composites, highlighting innovations that contribute to both environmental remediation and sustainable infrastructure development. This aligns with global sustainability goals that emphasize resource efficiency, emissions reduction, and circular material flows within the construction industry.