## 3 Method and Model Preparation
### Heat Conduction Model and Heating Strategy  
The environmental temperature control of the surface observation cabin is the first condition for the ordinary observation of the observation system, but Antarctica is different from the domestic environment, without a real-time weather forecast. Because it is located inland of Antarctica. The frequency of meteorological observations is low, and the accuracy brought by satellite observations may not meet the needs of surface climate observations. Heating control devices that cannot predict the future temperature mainly have the following three problems:  
* The first affected object is the dome of the acrylic full-sky imager because this device is different from other observation devices in the South Pole. A cabin temperature higher than 5 degrees Celsius will cause water vapor to rise and condense inside the observation hood, affecting the operation of the all-sky imager. * The higher the temperature difference will bring more heat loss to the system. During the winter, the fan is self-locking. During the wintering period (that is, from mid-March to mid-August each year), all electrical equipment is only powered by diesel engines. Daily power and diesel demand need to be compressed to a minimum. * If you set a self-heater with a threshold in the room, for example, if the temperature threshold is set from 0 to -15 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the temperature will continue to be -15 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The extreme temperature drop or sudden strong wind outside the pole at night will cause the situation. The heat loss in the cabin is too fast. Due to the slow heat transfer of the air commutation, the equipment that is powered on will be shut down and cannot be restarted because the temperature is too low. Real-time classic control algorithms, such as PID, are more cumbersome in the parameter adjustment process. On the one hand, the heat transfer in the air is difficult to calculate in addition to radiant heat; on the other hand, the time of convective heat transfer is not easy to determine. Therefore, the on-site heating strategy is studied by establishing a lumped parameter model of the surface observation cabin, and the relationship between the temperature difference and the  
Figure 5: **(1) 2m wind direction, (2) 4m wind direction, (3) 2m wind speed, and (4) 4m wind speed. Wind speed and wind direction data of meteorological tower at Tai-Shan station of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences in 2016. **  
heating power is determined by combining the relationship between the model parameters and the experimental field data. Construction of Lumped Parameter Model and Establishment of Mathematical Relationship  
First, a lumped parameter model that conforms to the surface observation module is built. The heating model diagram and on-site photos are shown in Figure 6.  
The temperature of observation cabin is affected by many factors, and the reflection of the snow surface and the solar radiation is discarded (to ensure the lower temperature limit of the system). Because the cabin is closed, the internal equalizing fan can ensure the uniform distribution of the indoor air temperature in the space. Figure 6a is a diagram of the thermal network node of the research object, and Figure 6b is the actual diagram of the research object. Since \(l/\lambda\ll 1/h,l\) is half the thickness of the observation cabin wall, \(\lambda\) is the thermal conductivity and \(h\) is the surface heat transfer coefficient. The entity satisfies the lumped parameter method and can construct a lumped parameter temperature node model of the surface observation cabin. The equalizing fan and the normal heating placement position make each lumped internal temperature difference extremely small, simplifying a thermal system into a few discrete \"lumps\". Among them, \(T_{\text{s1}}\)-\(T_{\text{s5}}\) respectively represent the temperature of heating zone No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, and No. 5 of the electric heating furnace.