## 4 Performance Evaluation
### Result Evaluation
#### 4.3.7 Channel Utilization vs. Slot Size
These percentages indicate significant improvements in the throughput, dependability, and efficiency of all important aspects of UWCN performance in situations where nodes are constantly moving. Our suggested protocol also remains better in static network circumstances, demonstrating 16%, 14%, 18%, and 17% gains in performance over CAPC-MAC, CSMA-MAC, SFAMA-MAC, and T-LOHI-MAC, respectively. This suggests that the protocol's efficacy extends beyond mobile circumstances to static contexts, where stability and dependability are critical. The benefits of our suggested protocol hold when moving to big mobile networks, showing gains of 18%, 22%, 13%, and 6% over the current methods. These gains are especially remarkable since large mobile networks pose extra hurdles because of their increased complexity and propensity for interference. Our suggested protocol performs much better in the setting of large static networks, outperforming CAPC-MAC by a significant 29%, CSMA-MAC by 16%, SFAMA-MAC by 18%, and T-LOHI-MAC by an astounding 27%. The protocol's exceptional performance in large static networks suggests that it can handle  
Figure 14: Comparison of Q-value and action. Figure 15: Comparison of channel utilization and episode. situations where there is a high node density and restricted mobility, which is important for applications like environmental monitoring and underwater surveillance. Finally, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of our suggested strategy in maximizing channel use in a variety of underwater network conditions. Underwater communication systems have advanced greatly as a result of their promise as a dependable and effective option for UWCNs, as seen by the continual performance gains over current protocols. These results provide important new information for academic comprehension as well as practical application in real-world underwater situations, which is beneficial for researchers and field practitioners. As the average traffic load rises, Figure 16 shows a noticeable decline in the PDR. Notably, PDR dynamics are strongly influenced by the interaction between two weighting factors, \(\beta_{1}\) and \(\beta_{2}\). The PDR records larger values when \(\beta_{1}\) is greater than \(\beta_{2}\), suggesting that the collision avoidance reward component \(r_{1}\) is prioritized above the energy-efficiency reward factor \(r_{2}\). Although collision avoidance is prioritized, this improves network performance at the expense of energy efficiency. A greater priority for collision avoidance improves PDR at the price of energy efficiency, as shown by the observed trend, which highlights the trade-off between collision avoidance and energy efficiency in the network and clarifies the complex effects of parameter settings on overall network performance. The PDR shows a steady increase as the communication range expands in Figure 17. The addition of more nearby nodes that are within the sender's communication range is  
Figure 16: PDR vs. average traffic load. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Scenario** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Proposed** \\ **System** \\ \end{tabular} & **CAPC-MAC** & **CSMA-MAC** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **SFAMA-** \\ **MAC** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **T-LOHI-** \\ **MAC** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Mobile & 127\% & 110\% & 112\% & 107\% & 103\% \\ network & 108\% & 92\% & 94\% & 90\% & 91\% \\ Large & 125\% & 107\% & 103\% & 112\% & 119\% \\ network & 106\% & 77\% & 90\% & 88\% & 79\% \\ (static) & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Throughput analysis of different techniques. what is causing this development. A wider routing route is produced by the extended communication range, which improves packet transmission dependability. The participation of eligible nodes in the packet forwarding process rises in tandem with the total number of installed nodes. Concurrently, the increase in the quantity of deployed nodes results in a decrease in empty spaces.