## 4 Sustainability Aspects of the Space Mission  
Sustainability in space missions refers to the practice of conducting space exploration and activities in a manner that preserves and protects the long-term viability [40; 41] of space resources, the space environment, and future space missions [42]. It involves considering the environmental, social, and economic impacts of space exploration and striving for responsible and ethical practices. Environmental Sustainability: Environmental sustainability in space missions focuses on minimizing the negative impact on the space environment. This includes avoiding contamination of celestial bodies with Earth-based microorganisms to protect potential life and future scientific exploration. It also involves reducing space debris through responsible satellite disposal practices and designing spacecraft and satellites for longevity and recyclability [43; 44]. Resource Utilization: Sustainable space missions aim to maximize resource utilization efficiency. This includes exploring and utilizing space resources, such as water ice on the Moon or asteroids, for life support, propulsion, or manufacturing purposes. By utilizing local resources, space missions can reduce the need for Earth-based supplies and minimize the environmental impact of resource extraction [45]. Ethical Considerations: Sustainability in space missions encompasses ethical considerations and responsible decision-making. This involves respecting the cultural, historical, and scientific value of celestial bodies and avoiding actions that could harm or compromise their integrity. It also includes considerations of equity and inclusivity in space exploration, ensuring that different nations, organizations, and individuals have fair opportunities to participate and benefit from space activities [46]. Long-Term Planning: Sustainable space missions require long-term planning and strategic thinking. This involves considering the potential consequences and impacts of current space activities on future missions and generations. It includes designing missions with the ability to adapt and evolve over time, allowing for long-duration space exploration, and developing technologies that can be upgraded or repurposed to reduce waste and increase efficiency [47]. International Cooperation: multinational partnership and collaboration enhance space mission sustainability. Important preconditions for sustainability-driven cooperation in space mission supply chains: the presence of economic benefits from sustainability initiatives. The potential synergy of competitors' space mission supply chain operations. The beneficial facilitative role of third-party organizations. Overcoming the cultural and psychological difficulties that come with working with competitors. Being able to work efficiently within the confines of anti-trust rules. Creating performance management scales and constantly evaluating the relationship. Being able to balance short-term and long-term gains and transform collaboration into a strategic competency [3]. By promoting information sharing, standardization of practices, and responsible behavior, nations and space agencies can work together to create guidelines and protocols that ensure permanent space exploration sustainability. This includes cooperation in the handling of aerospace transit, and debris mitigation, in addition to the development of best practices for sustainable exploration [3; 48; 49; 50]. Education and Public Outreach: Sustainability in space missions also involves education and public outreach efforts to raise awareness and foster a sense of responsibility among the public. By promoting scientific literacy and engagement, as well as communicating the benefits and challenges of space exploration, society can participate in shaping sustainable practices and support missions that align with ethical and responsible principles [51; 52]. In Table 2, considered sustainability in the space mission is presented.