# Provoking Actual Mobile Payment Use in the Middle East
## 3 Research Methodology  
In this study, we address the availability of mobile payment technology. However, the level of acceptance in actually using mobile payments compared with the other payment channels is very low. This study addresses the common obstacles around the world. This research adopted a mixed methodology. In this method, we designed and distributed a questionnaire to collect primary data from the study participant. The quantitative data collected were generalized and used to identify outliers, and the qualitative data collected were used for an in-depth explanatory analysis to interpret key characteristics [34; 35]. The target population is the population of ultimate interest in mobile payment. However, due to practicalities, an entire target population often cannot be studied. The study population is a subset of the target population that can be studied. The sample is a subset of the study populations used in research because not every member of the study population can be measured. Therefore, the target population for this study are people worldwide.  
Among the various sampling techniques, convenience sampling was found to be more suitable for this research purpose. The lead researcher here was able to overcome many of the limitations associated with the research using this technique. For example, using this technique, friends or family were used as a more accessible sample, with the respondents being available and easily accessible. Additionally, the lead researcher worked as an e-payment specialist in the information technology authority in the Sultanate of Oman, thus allowing them to utilize their connection with all local banks, employees, ministries, and private companies that use the Internet payment gateway. Approaching people in these organizations provides the potential to gather quality data. Therefore, the non-probability convenience sample is the least expensive, least time-consuming, and most convenient for this research purpose. Based on official figures of the Sultanate of Oman population [36], after excluding the age groups 0-4 and 5-9, the target population was 3,727,910.  
Figure 1: Proposed revised mobile payment technology acceptance model and behaviour (MPTAMB) and the proposed hypothesis.  
After setting the confidence level at 90%, the calculated sample size was 271. By adding nine more respondents to accommodate incomplete questionnaires, the total was 280. The data were collected using a constructed questionnaire survey and using Google forms. The questionnaire forms were distributed using web tools, emails, and social media. The questionnaire adopted a seven-item Likert scale (1 is \"strongly disagree\" to 7, which is \"strongly Agree\") and open-ended questions. The statistical software used for this study was the SmartPLS. The instruments used in the questionnaire of this study were developed based on a review of existing and past literature. This approach positively affects the instruments' quality and has the benefit of reusing attested instruments.  
Validity and reliability increase the research transparency and reduce the opportunities to insert bias in the research [37]. [PERSON]'s alpha (\(\alpha\)) was used to assess the validity of the data as it is the most common internal consistency measure [37]. A variable alpha score above 0.7 is generally considered acceptable. The pilot phase respondent data were analysed using the Smart-PLS v.3.3.3.