## 6 A Summary of Research Initiatives on Evaluating Different Pushover Analysis Techniques
### A Comparison of Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis Methods and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Methods  
In seismic engineering, the comparison between nonlinear static pushover analysis and dynamic methods, including nonlinear time history and incremental dynamic analysis, has been a significant area of research. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2019) introduced an adaptive upper-bound pushover analysis for tall buildings, showing its results align closely with nonlinear time history analysis. Concurrently, [PERSON] et al. highlighted the efficiency of combining earthquake nonlinear response history analysis with other methods as an alternative to full dynamic analyses. Numerous studies have explored the use of pushover analysis methods alongside incremental dynamic and nonlinear time history analysis. The following sections present insights from research that employed various pushover techniques to assess seismic structural behavior. The capacity spectrum method (CSM), a traditional tool in seismic engineering, has been found to sometimes underestimate the response of structures due to incorrect assumptions about the equivalent damping ratio. However, an improved version of the CSM [PERSON] et al. (2019) was introduced, which considers damage effects. This improved method has shown efficacy when compared with nonlinear dynamic procedures. Furthermore, the results from the study by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018) indicate that nonlinear time history analysis of equivalent SDoF systems is not substantially superior to a nonlinear static analysis coupled with the capacity spectrum method. The N2 method has been applied to assess the seismic behavior of asymmetric buildings. Research by [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2019) found that improved nonlinear static methods provide more accurate estimates of maximum dynamic response than the original N2 method. The extended N2 method has been applied to structures like an 8-story reinforced concrete building [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018). The results obtained showed that this method reproduces the real torsional behavior of the analyzed buildings effectively. In the study by [PERSON] et al., the reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structure's significance in medium- and high-rise buildings for seismic resistance was discussed. They introduced the spectrum-based pushover analysis (SPA) as an effective method for predicting seismic demand and compared its accuracy with the nonlinear response time history analysis (NLRHA) and other methods [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018). [PERSON] and [PERSON] further explored a pushover procedure tailored for buildings with bi-axial eccentricity under bi-directional seismic excitation [PERSON] et al. (2019). Additionally, [PERSON] (2019) validated the cyclic pushover analysis's efficacy in gauging seismic demands. The seismic performance assessment of structures has been a focal point of research, leading to the development of various methodologies over the years. Among these, the modal pushover analysis (MPA) and its advanced variants have emerged as pivotal tools to address the inherent limitations of traditional pushover analysis, especially when dealing with structures that exhibit intricate modal interactions. [PERSON] and [PERSON] introduced a modal pushover procedure tailored for asymmetric-plan buildings subjected to bi-directional ground motions, demonstrating its accuracy in predicting peak seismic responses [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018). [PERSON] and colleagues developed an improved consecutive modal pushover (ICMP) procedure, which factored in the inelastic properties of structuresand the interplay between vibration modes. Their findings suggested that this method surpassed conventional procedures in estimating seismic demands for tall edifices [80]. Additionally, [PERSON] and [PERSON] proposed a modified consecutive modal pushover (MCMP) procedure designed for one-way asymmetric-plan tall structures with dual systems.