# Smart Healthcare Network Management: A Comprehensive Review
## 2 Literature Review
### Internet of Things  
Interest in IoT has increased among industrial and academic institutions, which has necessitated the development of testbeds and platforms to evaluate IoT solutions. [PERSON] et al. identified some requirements for IoT experimental facilities [13]. They surveyed currently available research testbeds and suggested new directions. The development of IoT-based systems is an incremental process starting from existing technologies and applications. IoT-based systems should comply at a minimum with these non-functional requirements: heterogeneity, scalability, ubiquitous data exchange through proximity wireless technologies, energy-optimized solutions, localization and tracking capabilities, self-organization capabilities, semantic interoperability as well as data management, and embedded security and privacy-preserving mechanisms [14]. Even though IoT is envisioned to augment the global Internet and make a unified mega-network that connects the physical and digital worlds, current Internet protocols may not apply to IoT due to its resource-constrained devices. Therefore, the IETF is developing new protocol suites tailored to the IoT paradigm [2]. [PERSON] et al. [4] summarized the most relevant protocols and discussed some application issues related to IoT. They also discussed relations between IoT and emerging technologies like big data and cloud computing. [PERSON] et al. [15] presented the current state of research on IoT through an intensive literature review. They identified current trends and described challenges that threaten IoT diffusion. Interested researchers in this area may consult the same paper for open research questions, future directions, and a comprehensive reference list. As of today, IoT consists of heterogeneous devices, technologies, and protocols, making it difficult for hardware and software developers to develop applications that seamlessly integrate. This heterogeneity necessitates the involvement of middleware that supports standard functional and non-functional IoT requirements [16]. In addition, middleware provides hardware and software abstractions that facilitate developers' work so that they focus more on their applications. IoT-based applications generate considerable data (i.e., big data) that require storage, analysis, and ease of access. These requirements pose challenges for systems deployed within enterprises. Therefore, there is a need to integrate cloud computing and IoT [17]. This work provided a literature survey on integrating the cloud, IoT, and applications. They also discussed the available platforms for cloud and IoT integration. Mobility management is an inevitable requirement for the IoT paradigm. Objects attached to people, vehicles, animals, etc., move with their hosts' bodies. Mobility represents a significant challenge for IoT, which requires extensive research to develop suitable algorithms and protocols to handle it. [PERSON] et al. [18] reviewed and discussed algorithms to address IP integration challenges with resource-constrained IoT devices. They also provided a comprehensive review encompassing the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of related works on IPv6 mobility management. For areas with poor social infrastructures and information communication infrastructures, IoT can be deployed to provide an IoT-based mobility information network [19]. An IoT-based mobility management information network consists of fixed wireless nodes deployed on many roads (semi-electrostatic field sensor, acceleration sensor, gyro sensor, temperature sensor, humid ity sensor, infrared sensor, and sensor server) and mobile nodes. Mobile nodes collect data captured by road sensors while moving along the roads and transmit them via the Internet to residents. Such transmitted data are intended to help in disaster prevention, sightseeing information, and shopping. Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks have become the preferred choice for connecting IoT devices to backend systems, offering capabilities far beyond those of fourth-generation (4G) networks [20].