# A Survey of the Effects of Vehicle Configuration on Urban Air Mobility +
## 2 Aerial Urban Vehicle Configurations and Concepts
### Specifications of Current UAM Aircraft  
In order to evaluate the feasibility of using different configurations of aircraft in urban applications it is necessary to evaluate the specifications of current aircraft. In this section, we selected and assessed 52 commercial aircraft from different companies which are designed specifically for UAM. We tried to study aircraft in the production phase and those which are currently in service. In some categories, the aircraft are still under research and development, so we had to continue based on them. The main parameter for selecting these aircraft was availability of data and information about every aspect of their performance. Such data and specification like range, cargo capacity, endurance, etc., were crucial for our analysis so we put the priority on the vehicles that can provide us with useful information. Table 14 lists the studied aircraft. This list only focuses on the productions at their final stages or in service and ignores the conceptual designs and in-early-stage products. We studied these aircraft considering their configuration, range, endurance, speed, max altitude, cargo capacity, number of passengers, noise pollution, dimensions,and source of energy. Figure 20 illustrates the share of each studied configuration in our selected list. The majority of the aircraft in this list utilize a hybrid configuration and second place belongs to VTOL configurations such as multirotor, helicopters, and lighter than air. Although there were many more fixed-wing and helicopter aircraft available for studying, we decided to only consider the most popular models and focus on new hybrid and VTOL aircraft. But the selected list is diverse enough to provide us with an overview of different configurations and their specifications. Regarding hybrid aircraft, there were many more tiltrotor aircraft available in comparison to dual-system and tilt-wing models. It is obvious that companies focusing on hybrid configurations tend to use tilt-rotors more \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Configuration**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Aircraft**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{HTOL} & \multirow{3}{*}{Fixed wing} & Gulfstream-G500 & Cirrus Vision Jet \\  & & Bombardier Global-5000 & Embracer Phenom 300 \\  & & Bombardier Challenger-350 & Cessna-172 \\  & & Piper P A-28 & Cessna-150 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{VTOL} & \multirow{3}{*}{Multirotor} & CityAirbus demonstrator & LIFT Aircraft \\  & & XPeng AeroHT Voyager X2 & ASKA 3.0 \\  & & VOLOCTTY & eHang 184 \\  & & EHang 216 & Alaka’t Technologies Skai \\  & & Urban Aeronautics CityHawk & XPeng AeroHT X3 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Helicopter & Airbus H125 & Robinson R66 \\  & & Airbus H135 & Bell 206 L4 \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Lighter than air} & Z-750 Cameron Balloons & Z-31 Hopper Cameron Balloons \\  & & Au-30 & LMH-1 Lockheed Martin \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Hybrid} & \multirow{3}{*}{Tiltrotor} & Superal S-A1 & TCab Tech E20 \\  & & Bell Nexus 4 EX & Lilium Jet \\  & & Job Aviation S4 & CityAirbus NextGen \\  & & Wisk Aeron Gen 6 & Archer Aviation Midnight \\  & & Plana eVTOL Aircraft & Y65 Plus \\  & & Baritin & AMSL Aero Vertiia \\  & & Kitty Hawk Heaviside & Vertical Aerospace VX4 \\  & & Paragon VTOL Aerospace Soar & \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Tiltwing} & HopFlyt Venturi & ASX MOBI-One V1 \\  & & Pantuo Pantala Concept H & Vahana \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Dual system} & Embracer-X EVE & Autoflight Prosperity I \\  & & Hover Formula 2 & EHang VT-30 \\  & & Volocopter VoloRegion & Zuri \\ \cline{2-4}  & & Ascendance ATEA & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 14: Studied aircraft. Figure 20: Different types of the studied UAM aircraft (This Figure is based on the research team’s interpretation of the market and may not accurately reflect current conditions). than other hybrid configurations. This is why a greater number of tiltrotor aircraft are on our list. Multirotors have a similar situation among VTOL configurations.