## 4 Discussion
### Accessibility Issues from Personas
#### 4.2.2 Persona-Specific Issues  
Four out of eight persona-specific issues were related to the learning/problem-solving context. These issues may seem alike. However, they were different in terms of the aforementioned criteria: (1) the differences in the level of utilization of disabled/diminished parts, (2) physical differences, and (3) differences in experience and attitude regarding the use of home appliances. The learning/problem-solving issue is a severe problem in terms of autonomy because it requires not only the use of an assistive device but also help from others. In other words, a solution to this issue can drastically enhance the autonomy of the elderly and disabled users. Reading a manual is problematic when the blind persona--Ms. [PERSON]--wants to learn about the appliances. Most manufacturers these days provide an electronic copy of manuals so that visually impaired people can read them via their screen readers. However, many of them miss providing tags of explanation for figures in manuals. Screen readers cannot read something that is not textified, and the readers are not compatible with manifold pictorial figures to read them like a text [54]. Moreover, manuals are simplified in terms of text, not providing enough information for the blind persona when they cannot refer to pictorial figures. Therefore manufacturers must provide screen-reader-compatible manuals. On the other hand, Ms. [PERSON], the deaf persona, encounters difficulties in problem-solving when an error occurs. Error codes are mostly in incomprehensible form, and manuals are useless because they are written in a verbose and untranslated manner for sign language users. When an error that cannot be solved by a user alone occurs, the user will feel frustrated and discouraged from using the product. Such an issue can frequently occur as there can be unintentional activation from a deaf user who cannot hear feedback from what one activated. Eventually, this can cause an error or error-like incomprehensible state of an appliance. [PERSON] cannot ask for help from a customer service agent since she cannot make a phone call [24; 69]-verbally. When an error that cannot be solved by a user alone occurs, the user will feel frustrated and discouraged from using the product. Such an issue can frequently occur because there can be unintentional activation from a deaf user who cannot hear feedback from what one activated. Eventually, this will cause an error or error-like incomprehensible state of an appliance. In response, a manufacturer can implement QR codes on their appliances for sign-language-compatible video manuals if they cannot afford to have a sign language translator in their customer service department 24/7. For the elderly personas, it is challenging for Mrs. [PERSON] to adopt a new technology or learn about it. This is not only due to the fear of using an ICT device [21; 22] but the light dementia she suffers as well. Such memory loss combined with incomprehensible neologism used in modern appliances makes it harder for her to memorize all the function names written in the control panel of home appliances. She is therefore restricted to use the one function that she frequently uses. Furthermore, she tends to forget about the household works she was doing due to light dementia [51], so she is also exposed to possible risk and repetitive work; mild color coding on controls and timers with alarm for safe use can help her [10; 12; 59]. On the other hand, Mr. [PERSON] also suffers from learning home appliances but for a different reason. He has comparably short experience of doing household work or using home appliances. It is cumbersome to know which part corresponds to a specific feature or function since he is not familiar with products and their structures. However, his obstinate personality does not allow him to ask for help from others. Nevertheless, his diminished visual and hearing capability hinders him from proceeding with the task without a doubt.