## 6 Results
### The Effect of Ambient Air Temperature
At T9 depth, the ambient air temperature rates ranged from 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The rates exhibited minimal variations across different ambient air temperatures. For an ambient air temperature of 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the temperature variations were 0.17 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 0.08 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 0.02 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 7.5 cm, 10 cm, and 17 cm depths, respectively. The ambient air temperature has a significant influence on the skin surface temperature variations within the breast tissue. Higher ambient air temperatures result in increased temperature variations, indicating a greater heat exchange between the skin surface and the environment. This suggests that \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**(a)**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Skin surface temperature \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Temperature variations from healthy breast \({}^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Breast size**} \\ \hline T\(\infty\)\({}^{\circ}\)C & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm \\ \hline Healthy & 33.35 & 33.35 & 33.35 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{18} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.49} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.48} & 1.15 & 1.14 & 1.13 \\  & & & & (3.45\%) & (3.42\%) & (3.39\%) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{22} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.35} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.34} & 1 & 0.99 & 0.98 \\  & & & & (3\%) & (2.97\%) & (2.97\%) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{29} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.28} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.27} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.26} & 0.93 & 0.92 & 0.91 \\  & & & & (2.79\%) & (2.76\%) & (2.73\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**(b)**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Skin surface temperature \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Temperature variations from healthy breast \({}^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Breast size**} \\ \hline T\(\infty\)\({}^{\circ}\)C & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm \\ \hline Healthy & 33.35 & 33.35 & 33.35 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{18} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.34} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.18} & 0.99 & 0.98 & 0.97 \\  & & & & (2.97\%) & (2.94\%) & (2.91\%) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{22} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.19} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.18} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.17} & 0.84 & 0.83 & 0.82 \\  & & & & (2.52\%) & (2.49\%) & (2.46\%) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{29} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.12} & \multirow{2}{*}{34.11} & 0.77 & 0.76 & 0.75 \\  & & & (2.31\%) & (2.28\%) & (2.25\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**(c)**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Skin surface temperature \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Temperature variations from healthy breast \({}^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Breast size**} \\ \hline T\(\infty\)\({}^{\circ}\)C & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm \\ \hline Healthy & 33.35 & 33.35 & 33.35 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{18} & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} & \multirow{2}{*}{33.52} & \multirow{2}{*}{33.43} & 0.17 & 0.08 \\  & & & (0.51\%) & (0.24\%) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{22} & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} & \multirow{2}{*}{33.38} & \multirow{2}{*}{33.37} & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} & 0.03 & 0.02 \\  & & & & (0.09\%) & (0.06\%) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{29} & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} & \multirow{2}{*}{33.35} & \multirow{2}{*}{33.35} & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} & 0 & 0 \\  & & & & (0\%) & (0\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: (a) Ambient air temperature rate (T1 depth), (b) ambient air temperature rate (T3 depth), and (c) ambient air temperature rate (T9 depth). external temperature plays a role in modulating the thermoregulation processes of the breast and motivates the use of situ-cooling, as presented in the emulation experiment results below in Section 6.11.