## 2 Results and Discussion
### Profiling of the Phenolic Composition
Ten compounds were identified and quantified by comparison with commercial reference standards. The identification of the remaining 47 (poly)phenolic compounds was tentatively carried out by interpreting and comparing their mass spectra, obtained from MS\({}^{2}\) and MS\({}^{3}\) experiments with data from the literature. Fourteen phytochemicals (compounds **13**, **14**, **15**, **16**, **18**, **20**, **27**, **29**, **36**, **38**, **40**, **43**, **50**, and **53**) were tentatively identified for the first time, to our knowledge, in rosemary extracts. The description of the MS fragmentation patterns already described in literature is not further discussed unless of special interest. A total of 24 triterpens were identified in the rosemary extract (Figure 1). Most of the detected triterpens had already been reported in rosemary (compounds **31**, **35**, **39**, **41**, **42**, **43**, **44**-**49**, **51**, **52**, and **54**-**56**) [3, 4, 12, 13, 17, 18, 23, 29, 32]. Compounds **31**, **33**, **41**, **42**, **45**, and **51** exhibited molecular ions at \(m/z\) 343. Carnosol methyl ether isomers (compounds **31**, **41**, and **42**) were distinguished from rosmadial or rosmanol quinone isomers (**33**, **45**, and **51**) thanks to the fragment ion at \(m/z\) 328 and the neutral loss of 15 amu, characteristic of the methyl group [14]. Unfortunately, distinction between rosmadial or rosmanol quinone isomers was not possible as they share a common fragmentation pattern. The presence in rosemary extracts of several isomers for these molecules has been previously reported [14]. Glycoslated carnosic acid (compound **38**) was tentatively identified through its MS\({}^{2}\) fragment ions, characterized by the loss of a hexoside (162 amu), and MS\({}^{3}\) fragments identical to those registered for the standard of carnosic acid (**54**). This approach was also used to identify another carnosic acid derivative (compound **43**). Compounds **29** and **40** (\(m/z\) 345) were tentatively identified as derivatives of 5,6,7,10-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyrosmariquinone. They fragmented to \(m/z\) 301 (with neutral loss of 44 amu, likely corresponding to a carboxylic group from the parent ion) and their MS\({}^{3}\) fragmentation spectra matched the characteristic fragmentation pattern of 5,6,7,10-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyrosmariquinone (compound **53**) [12]. These two derivatives had only been previously described in biological fluids of rats following the intake of a rosemary extract [14]. Twenty-four flavonoids, belonging to three subclasses of flavonoids (flavones, flavonoids, and flavanones), were tentatively identified. Flavones were the main group of flavonoids in the rosemary extract, with 17 compounds identified. Nine of these were conjugated forms (mainly glycosylated) of luteolin (compounds **4**, **5**, **12**, and **17**), apigenin (**8** and **25**), hispidulin (**10** and **27**), and a dihydroxy-dimethoxyflavone (**13**) [3, 4, 13, 24]. A large number of flavone aglycones with different hydroxylation and/or methylation patterns was also detected (**14**, **16**, **21**, **23**, **26**, **30**, **37**, and **50**). The retention time and fragmentation pattern of compound **23** (\(m/z\) 299) did not match well with those already reported for other trihydroxy-methoxyflavones previously identified in rosemary extracts