structures into several key types, including ejections, sweeps, low-speed streaks, vortex structures, strong shear layers, near-wall pocket structures, backflow structures, and large-scale motions in the outer layer. Among these, the self-sustaining cycle between streamwise vortices and low-speed streaks has been identified as a fundamental mechanism responsible for sustaining turbulence and generating drag. Therefore, strategies aimed at disrupting or weakening the formation and evolution of such structures offer promising potential for effectively reducing wall-bounded turbulence and minimizing energy loss. Low-speed streaks in wall-bounded turbulence were first observed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [3], and later by [PERSON] et al. [4], who identified them as narrow, elongated regions of low-momentum fluid extending in the streamwise direction. These coherent structures are predominantly located in the near-wall region, arranged with regular spacing in the spanwise direction, and often accompanied by shorter quasi-streamwise vortices that appear at higher wall-normal positions [5; 6]. [PERSON] et al. [7] proposed that the formation and merging of near-wall low-speed streaks are key contributors to the development of large-scale motions in the outer layer. [PERSON] et al. [8] further demonstrated a strong spatial correlation between streamwise vortices at the base of the boundary layer and the streaks, forming a periodic, self-sustaining cycle maintained by intense shear in the near-wall region [9; 10; 11; 12]. In this cycle, streamwise vortices induce the ejection of low-speed fluid away from the wall on one side and the sweep of high-speed fluid downward on the other, generating burst events that are the primary sources of high Reynolds shear stress near the wall [13; 14]. These dynamics lead to the formation of alternating high- and low-speed streaks. During their lifting, oscillation, and eventual breakdown, the symmetric nature of the disturbances within the streaks promotes the generation of new streamwise vortices [15; 16; 17]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [6] identified this as the transient growth mechanism of streaks after systematically analyzing the processes that lead to the formation of streamwise vortices [18; 19; 20]. As a result, streamwise vortices consistently form in proximity to streaks, with multiple vortices often aligned along each streak. The low-speed streaks themselves are typically situated between pairs of counter-rotating vortices. This self-sustaining mechanism elegantly describes the regeneration of coherent structures in the near-wall region and underscores the tight coupling between streamwise vortices and streak dynamics. The investigation of ejection and sweep events dates back to the 1960s, when [PERSON] et al. [21] first detailed the dynamic evolution of near-wall low-speed streaks. They described how these structures undergo distortion and oscillation, leading to the formation of spanwise vortices and, ultimately, their breakdown--a process now recognized as a burst event. As research progressed, the upward transport of low-speed fluid away from the wall and the downward sweep of high-speed fluid toward the wall were, respectively, identified as ejections and sweeps. These phenomena are now collectively referred to as burst events. Burst events are fundamental to the self-sustaining cycle of wall turbulence, mediating the interaction between low-speed streaks and streamwise vortices. Studies have shown that nearly all of the Reynolds shear stress in the near-wall region is produced during these bursts [8; 22], highlighting their central role in the generation and transport of turbulence. Modifying surface structures to influence the development of turbulent flow has become a key passive strategy for controlling turbulent boundary layers. Common surface configurations include riblets, superhydrophobic coatings, and discrete roughness elements.