# Eye-Tracking Investigation of the Train Driver's: A Case Study
## 3 Results
### Comparison of Arrival and Departure Procedures  
In the concluding section of the article, we presented particular outcomes from eye-tracking examinations focused on the train driver conduct during the arrival and departure operations in railway halts and train stations. It is imperative to appraise the outcomes from a more comprehensive point of view. Thus, we constructed an overall dataset that elucidates arrival and departure procedures. The dataset comprises the mean information from train driver behavior testing during four arrivals and four departures of the train, repeated during the six train runs at the same track. The average outcomes collaborate  
Figure 6: AOI sequence chart of average arrival procedure to railway stop Predmier. Figure 7: AOI sequence chart of average departure procedure from railway stop Predmier. with data sets from twenty-four assessments for the arrival procedure and twenty-four assessments for the departure procedure. During all arrivals at the stations, the driver directed his gaze to the window section (front window, side windows, and mirrors) for an average of 49.9% dwell time, to the panel section (29.9% of the dwell time), and to the railway signal section (1.15% of the dwell time) (see Figure 8). The correlation between the number of fixations on a particular Area of Interest (AOI) and the dwell time metric was noted. A greater number of fixations on a certain AOI indicates that the AOIs are more salient (or the AOI content is regularly fluctuating) and are more perceptible to the driver than others. On the whole, the average number of fixations on the whole window section was 168.75, on the panel section 108.75, and on the railway signal section only 4.5. This is likely due to the fact that the scenery on the main window is constantly changing, and the driver must direct most of his attention to the window section. The mean fixation time for the AOI displays a range of 119.8 milliseconds (panel I) to 397.3 milliseconds (mirrors). This variance can be attributed to the varying levels of complexity between the two stimuli, the buttons of the automatic speed controller (panel I) being easier to evaluate than the presence of passengers boarding and staying on the platform (mirrors). This is illustrated in Figure 9.  
The ultimate metric is the average revisits, which reflects the number of times the driver's gaze has been directed at the specified Area of Interest (AOI) through all trials. This statistic elucidates the magnitude of importance associated with the designated AOI. In the context of train arrival procedures, the most common revisits were the front and side window sections (27). Various categories of train driver operations are the techniques of leaving the station. We studied all actions of the train driver in all four departures from two railway halts and two railway stations throughout the six measurements and established the average characteristics. During the departure processes, the train driver directed his gaze towards the window sector for 41.2% of the overall duration, to the control panel section for 56.3% of the total span, and towards the railway signal sector for 2.2% of the whole period on average (see Figure 8). The quantified values of dwell time demonstrate that the locomotive engineer devoted more attention to the manipulation of the panel than to the surveillance through windows or mirrors. Upon analyzing the mean number of fixations on the sections, the total window section had 70.8 and the panel section 107.3, with only five fixations on the railway signal  
Figure 8: The comparison of the average dwell time between arrival and departure procedures. section. This higher mean figure of fixations on the panel section of the cabin reveals the requirement to manipulate, control, and operate the panel controls during the train departure procedure during all trials of the experiment. Upon assessment of the average fixation time during all train departures, the minimum average fixation time was 41.5 ms (panel L).