# Green Extraction of Valuable Compounds from Rubber Seed Trees: A Path to Sustainability
## 1 Introduction  
In the annals of botanical taxonomy, _Heeva brasiliensis_ stands as an unassuming yet profoundly consequential species, commonly known as rubber seed trees. These trees have earned their place in the annals of the human industry as the primary source of natural latex, serving as the lifeblood of the rubber manufacturing sector for centuries [1]. However, their significance transcends the sprawling rubber plantations that have dotted landscapes worldwide [2]. In an era where the spotlight is firmly fixed on environmental sustainability, these modest trees have emerged as potential champions of a greener, more sustainable future [3]. Beyond their role as the latex supplier for rubber production, rubber seed trees have become increasingly vital in the broader context of sustainability [4]. As the world grapples with mounting concerns over deforestation, escalating carbon emissions, and the inexorable depletion of natural resources, these hardy evergreens offer hope. They partake in thetireless battle for reforestation, rejuvenating landscapes depleted by human activity. Nevertheless, their contributions go even further. In a world where climate change looms large, rubber seed trees act as stalwart sentinels of carbon sequestration, diligently mitigating the adverse effects of a warming planet. Moreover, the extraordinary adaptability of rubber seed trees to a myriad of ecosystems renders them indispensable to biodiversity conservation efforts [5]. Their presence enhances the resilience of ecosystems, promoting the survival of diverse flora and fauna. Rubber seed trees have emerged as emblematic exemplars of the multifaceted contributions that agroforestry can make to the tapestry of environmental sustainability [6]. However, the significance of these trees transcends their ecological benefits. Beyond their well-documented latex-producing prowess, rubber seed trees house a hidden treasure trove of bioactive compounds within their seeds, leaves, and bark. Within these unassuming plant parts lies the potential to further enhance the sustainability quotient of rubber seed trees. The objectives of this comprehensive review are threefold, converging towards a holistic exploration of rubber seed trees and their potential for sustainability. Firstly, we embark on a journey to provide a comprehensive overview of rubber seed trees' role in sustainability, navigating through their environmental, economic, and social contributions. Through this lens, we seek to paint a vivid picture of how these trees intertwine with the sustainability narrative. Secondly, we examine the burgeoning green extraction techniques applied to rubber seed trees. Our quest is to unravel the current state of research in this domain, deciphering the potential of these green extraction methods to maximize the value derived from rubber seed trees while minimizing the often substantial environmental footprint associated with traditional extraction methods (Figure 1). Lastly, as torchbearers of scientific inquiry, we set our sights on the horizon, scanning for uncharted territories in sustainable rubber seed tree utilization. We aim to identify research gaps and plot the course for future investigations. We aspire to ignite the spark of innovation that will propel us toward a more sustainable coexistence with these invaluable trees. Figure 1: Schematic representation of valorization of rubber seed trees extract using a green process. In the grand tapestry of sustainable resource utilization, the choice of extraction techniques is pivotal. In this review, we journey through green extraction methods. These techniques have ascended to prominence due to their remarkable capacity to diminish the environmental toll exacted by conventional counterparts. From the ethereal world of supercritical fluid extraction to the transformative power of microwave-assisted and ultrasound-assisted extraction, we explore the remarkable potential of these techniques when applied to the humble yet invaluable rubber seed trees.