## 6 Conclusions  
Based on the available multi-source data for 2010, 2015, and 2020, this study used the gravity center analysis method and the geo-detectors model to explore the spatial differences and influencing mechanisms of Henan's ecosystem quality. This effectively revealed the mechanism processes of each driving factor affecting the quality of Henan's ecosystem. Our research provides useful examples for regional sustainable development in China. The specific research results are as follows:  
1. From 2010 to 2020, the ecosystem quality index of Henan Province improved significantly, and the ecosystem quality of the southern mountainous and hilly areas was better than that of the central and northern plains. During the study period, the areas with high ecosystem quality in Henan Province were mainly located in the west and south, and the ecosystem quality indices of the Huai River Plain and the Yellow River Plain were relatively low. The main reason is that the hilly area of western Henan Province, the Nanyang Basin, and the hilly area of the Tongbai Mountains in had better natural conditions, while the central plain area is the area of the agglomeration of Henan Province's population and economy. The quality of the ecosystem in the plains is not as good as that in the mountainous and hilly areas. The EQI in the central and northern plains has gradually improved from 2010 to 2020, and the gravity center of the ecosystem quality in Henan Province has continued to move to the North-West;
2. From 2010 to 2020, the influence of the GDP per square kilometer on the ecosystem quality of Henan Province was significantly higher than that of other factors, and the interactions among the influencing factors were mainly nonlinear enhancement. Overall, the changes in ecosystem quality in Henan Province were the result of the comprehensive influence of natural environmental factors, socioeconomic factors, and policy regulations. Among them, population density and the GDP per kilometer, which were among the socioeconomic factors, had the strongest explanatory power regarding the ecosystem quality in Henan Province. The single-factor detection results showed that the impact of GDP per kilometer was the largest, and the double-factor interaction showed that socioeconomic factors and other factors played the most prominent role, thus showing that the socioeconomic development in 2010-2020 imposed great pressure on the ecosystem quality of Henan Province. The industrial and economic structure needs to be further optimized. Secondly, Henan Province needs to pay attention to the orderly development of land area, especially in the mountainous and hilly areas and the southern basins in order to balance the relationship between land-use intensity and the ecological economy;
3. From 2010 to 2020, the forestry projects in Henan Province had a positive effect on improvements in ecosystem quality, although it was not strong. Forestry engineering has played an obvious role in promoting improvements in environmental quality in Henan Province. Especially in the mountainous and hilly areas in the north and south of Henan Province, the influence of the interaction between forestry engineering and other factors was higher than that in other regions, indicating that the continuous promotion of forestry engineering in Henan Province has produced good results. In the central plains area, because of the large differences in natural conditions, such as the terrain, precipitation, and temperature, compared with those in the mountains and hills, the effects of forestry projects were relatively weak. Methodology, X.R. and M.Z. ; formal analysis, X.R. and J.Q. ; data curation, M.Z. and J.W. ; supervision: S.L. and J.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.