## 2 Materials and Methods
### Geomagnetic and Geophysical Conditions  
The 15 February 2018 (see left panel of Figure 2) and 30 April 2022 partial solar eclipses (see right panels of Figure 2) took place during days with geomagnetically active levels. We downloaded geomagnetic data from OMNIWeb Plus Data ([[https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov](https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov)]([https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov](https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov)), last accessed on 20 August 2023) and World Data Center (WDC) for Geomagnetism, Kyoto ([[http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp](http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp)]([http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp](http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp)), last accessed on 20 August 2023) [62]. Figure 2, from top to bottom, illustrates the 10.7 cm solar radio flux index (F10.7 in 1 sfu = \(10^{-22}\) W/m\({}^{2}\)/Hz), Kp index, Dst index (in nT), IMF-Bz (in nT), auroral electrojet index (AE in nT), Vsw (in km/s), and solar wind plasma temperature (Tsw in K) which characterize the geomagnetic conditions during DoYs 41 to 52 of 2018 and DoYs 115 to 126 of 2022. Figure 2 (left panels) shows F10.7 with 66.3 to 76.6 sfu during DoYs 46 to 51 of 2018. The geomagnetic field presented active levels between DoYs 46 and 51. The maximum 3-h Kp was 5\({}^{-}\) on DoY 46. Dst peak and maximum AE were \(-\)28 nT and 618 nT, respectively. IMF-Bz reached values from \(-\)5.6 to 11.7 nT. Vsw had \(\geq\)450 km/s (intermediate speeds) between DoYs 48 and 51, with a peak of 619 km/s. Tsw \(>100\times 10^{3}\) K; DoYs 48 to 51 with a maximum equal to 252 \(\times\) 10\({}^{3}\) K. Additionally, solar activity showed very low levels during DoYs 46 to 51. On 15 February 2018, the geomagnetic conditions were at quiet to active levels (see Figure 2 (left panels)). The variations in 3-hourly Kp, Dst, the southward component of Bz, AE, and Vsw reached peak levels of 5\({}^{-}\), \(-\)18 nT, \(-\)4.2 nT, 495 nT, and 383 km/s between 15 UT and 18 UT. The maximum Tsw was \(66\times 10^{3}\) K at 13 UT. Also, the AE index was greater than 300 nT from 16 UT to 18 UT, and from 22 UT to 23 UT. Figure 2 (right panels) illustrates F10.7 with 110.6 to 158.5 sfu during DoYs 115 to 126 of 2022. The geomagnetic field showed active levels between DoYs 117 and 123. The maximum 3-h Kp was 5. Dst showed a weak geomagnetic storm with \(-\)37 nT on DoY 120 (day of the 2022 eclipse). IMF-Bz reached values from \(-\)9.8 to 7.5 nT. AE presented values greater than 500 nT between DoYs 117 to 121, and it also had some values greater than 1000 nT during those days. Vsw had \(\geq\)450 km/s (intermediate speeds) between DoYs 117 and 123, with a peak of 535 km/s on DoY 118. Tsw \(>100\times 10^{3}\) K; DoYs 48 to 51 with a maximum equal to \(252\times 10^{3}\) K.  
On 30 April 2022, the geomagnetic conditions had quiet to minor storm levels (see right panel of Figure 2). There was a weak geomagnetic storm with a Dst peak equal to \(-\)37 nT at 8 UT (Dst \(\leq-\)30 nT from 4 UT to 11 UT). The variations in 3-hourly Kp, the southward component of Bz, and Tsw reached peak values of \(4^{+}\), \(-\)4.8 nT, and 228 \(\times\) 10\({}^{3}\) K between 0 UT and 3 UT. Vsw had intermediate speeds with a maximum of 503 km/s at 1 UT, and its peak equal to 507 km/s at 16 UT. Additionally, AE index was greater than 300 nT from 0.5 UT to 11.5 UT (AE \(>\) 500 nT, 0.5 to 7 UT), from 15 UT to 17.2 UT (AE \(>\) 500 nT, 16 to 17 UT), and from 21.5 to 23.5 UT. Solar activity presented high levels during the 24 h. Also, Active Region 2994 produced an X1.1 solar flare at 13.78 UT. We should note that minor geomagnetic activities cannot be ignored because they sometimes play crucial roles in ionosphere plasma density, according to [PERSON] et al. [63].