# The Effectiveness of an Authentic E-Learning Environment for Deaf Learners
## 5 Data Analysis and Results  
To answer the first research question, a paired samples \(t\)-test was conducted to compare the mean scores of deaf learners on the pre-test and post-test. Therefore, for the analysis of e-learning effects on deaf learners, mean values of pre-test and post-test were determined. To measure effect size, Cohen's d was calculated. According to a paired sample, learners' achievement scores on the pre-test and post-test means differ significantly, as evidenced by the reported 30.818 difference between the pre-test and post-test means (Table 1). In addition, Table 1 demonstrated that the mean post-test score (M = 170.91, SD = 15.940) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score (M = 140.45, SD = 16.501) when t-value (10) = 14.691 and Sig (tailed) <0.001. Moreover, the effect size of the course \(\mid\) d\(\mid\) :\(\mid\) mean difference \(\mid\) / standard deviation = 4.429 > 0.80 (Table 2), which Table 3 demonstrates a large effect size (According to the statistical results, learning through authentic e-learning improved the performance and post-test scores of participants. It appears that online learning was advantageous because the website's resources and educational materials are easily accessible to increase deaf learners' vocabulary knowledge. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Variable** & **Mean** & **N** & **Std. Deviation** & **Std. Error Mean** \\ \hline Pair 1 & Pre-test score & 140.45 & 11 & 16.501 & 4.975 \\  & Post-test score & 170.91 & 11 & 15.940 & 4.806 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: A paired sample statistic. Figure 3: The virtual design of a supermarket environment on the task page and using Padlet map for one task. To address the second and third research questions (deaf learners' opinions on authentic learning principles and the use of technology tools to design tasks), the data gathered from the semi-structured interviews according to the nine authentic learning principles and defining the advantages and disadvantages of authentic e-learning. E-learning with real-life contexts: The results showed that deaf learners were satisfied with the e-learning setting prepared through authentic themes. Some of the participants indicated their opinions below:  
\"E-learning is a good way to teach. I went to the website to see teaching materials every time I needed them, it was understandable and easy to use. The topic of communication was interesting. It enhanced our communication when we see the different prices in different supermarkets daily.\" (P2)  
\"It was my first experience learning through e-learning and was helpful when we compared the prices of supermarket items in BSL..\" (P6)  
Authentic tasks: Deaf learners acknowledged that the tasks in e-learning with authentic contexts made for a more meaningful learning process where they see the authentic concepts in their real-world situations. It increased their interest in learning. Some of their perceptions are indicated below:  
\"Thanks to recorded videos by the teacher on how I can use applications for doing the tasks, we worked together we were more active. We had the opportunity to talk about something that we have experienced.\" (P2)  
\"My opinion on having task is positive, I learned how I can use Google Docs, sheets,...I have never had this opportunity before. It motivates learners to do something.\" (P6)  
\"I was active in contact with other friends. Before we did not have this communication in a group, I liked the topic, because it is our daily life events, going to the supermarket and comparing the prices. But, for me it was difficult to use technology because I do have not good technology knowledge, I am the mom of two kinds.\" (P3)  
Scaffolding: The study used two different sign language users to increase scaffolding among learners, according to ZPD's [PERSON] [35]. Due to having a better level of L1 in one group (Greek Cypriot), authentic e-learning provided scaffolding and coaching opportunities.