## 3 Results
### Levels of Fungal Contamination and Moisture Content of Fresh Bee Pollen  
During the study, 10 genera of fungi were isolated from 45 samples in fresh pollen, which are presented in Table 2. Two genera of isolated fungi _Mucor_ and _Rhizopus_ according to their morphology were attributed to Phylum _Zygomycota_, class _Zygomycetes_; Phylum _Ascomycota_ belonged to _Chaetomium_ (class _Pyrenomycetes_, order _Sheariales_) and Yeasts (class _Archuscomycetes_, order _Schizosaccharomycesctales_). _Acremonium_, _Alternaria_, _A Aspergillus_, _Botrytis_, _Cladosporium_, _Epiccocum_, _Fusarium_, _Mycelia sterilia_, _Penicillium_ and _Trichoderma_ belonged to anamorphic fungi (_Deuteromycin_, class _Hyphomycetes_, order _Montiliales_). Anamorphic fungi dominated among the isolated fungal taxa, and they comprised 73.57% from all isolated fungi. After 5 h in fresh pollen _Alternaria_, _Cladosporium_ and Yeasts prevailed. _Alternaria_ fungi were common in 26.79% of the samples (32 samples out of 45) with levels ranging from 10\({}^{3}\)-10\({}^{4}\) cfu g\({}^{-1}\); _Cladosporium_ fungi were isolated in 28 samples, which comprised 20.21%, with levels ranging from 10\({}^{2}\)-10\({}^{3}\) cfu g\({}^{-1}\). Yeasts comprised 12.14%, isolated from 12 samples, with levels ranging from 10\({}^{2}\)-10\({}^{3}\) cfu g\({}^{-1}\). Fungi of _Fusarium_ genera were isolated from 46% of the studied samples (21 samples out of 45), with levels ranging from 10\({}^{1}\) cfu g\({}^{-1}\). _Fusarium_ frequency comprised 9.31%. According to frequency, they were the fourth most abundant fungi isolated. After 1-3 days of storage, the genera of the predominant fungi quantity did not change, but the total amount of isolates increased by 0.7%, compared to 5 h. _Alternaria_ fungi were predominant: their amount increased by 2.51% in the period of 1-3 days, and fungi were identified in 37 samples on average. The amount of _Cladosporium_ decreased from 0.71%, but the number of positive samples remained unchanged (27 samples on average). Yeast frequency increased by 4.57% as the pollen storage time increased. _Fusarium_ frequency increased by 1.18% after 3 days. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Plant Sources (Family)** & **Percentages** & **Frequency of Pollen Types** \\ \hline _Brassicaceae_ & 54.65 & Dominant (\(\geq\)45\%) \\ _Rosaceae_ & 15.83 & Secondary (16–44\%) \\ _Fabaceae_ & 11.24 & Minor (3–15\%) \\ _Pacaceae_ & 10.18 & Minor (3–15\%) \\ _Asteraceae_ & 5.41 & Minor (3–15\%) \\ _Apiaceae_ & 2.69 & Trace (\(<\)3\%) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Origins of bee pollen. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Genus**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Frequency of Occurrence (\%)**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **5 h** & **1 Day** & **2 Day** & **3 Day** \\ \hline _Acremonium_ & 2.14 & 1.33 & 1.69 & 1.41 \\ _Alternaria_ & 26.79 & 29.5 & 29.88 & 29.3 \\ _Asergillus_ & 1.79 & 0.49 & 0.73 & 1.22 \\ _Botrytis_ & 4.29 & 3.8 & 3.51 & 3.2 \\ _Chaetomium_ & 0.71 & 0.11 & 0.35 & 0.29 \\ _Cladosporium_ & 13.21 & 14.64 & 9.89 & 12.5 \\ _Epiccocum_ & 1.79 & 1 & 1.2 & 0.85 \\ _Fusarium_ & 9.31 & 7.93 & 10.91 & 10.49 \\ Yeast & 12.14 & 14.2 & 16.5 & 16.71 \\ _Mucor_ & 6.79 & 5.91 & 6.73 & 7.12 \\ _Mycelia sterilia_ & 6.43 & 6.79 & 6.94 & 7.33 \\ _Penicillium_ & 7.5 & 7.34 & 9.61 & 10.5 \\ _Rhizopus_ & 1.43 & 1.9 & 2.2 & 2.61 \\ _Trichoderma_ & 3.93 & 4.5 & 2.95 & 3.75 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Occurrence of fungi in bee pollen. During the study period (5 h--3 days), the total amount of microscopic fungi in fresh pollen ranged from 3.5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{3}\) cfu g\({}^{-1}\) to 9.1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{4}\) cfu g\({}^{-1}\) (Table 3). On the day of pollen collection, fungal contamination averaged 6.4 \(\times\) 10\({}^{2}\) cfu g\({}^{-1}\), and after three days it comprised 7.2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{3}\) cfu g\({}^{-1}\). A statistically significant reduction in the amount of fungi was found in pollen stored for 1 day.