###### Abstract  
The Carboniferous-Permanian coal measure strata in the Qinshui Basin exhibit highly lithium (Li) enrichment, with substantial exploitation potential. To further explore the enrichment mechanism of lithium in coal measure strata, the No. 15 coal of the Taiyuan Formation from the Gaoping mine is taken as the research object, and its mineralogical and geochemistry characteristics are evaluated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, and infrared spectral. The results show that the No. 15 coal is semi-anthracite coal with low moisture, low ash, low volatility, and high sulfur. Organic macroals are primarily vitrinite, followed by inertinite, and liptinite is rare; the inorganic macroals (ash) are dominated by clay minerals (predominantly kaolinite, cookeite, illite, and NH\({}_{4}\)-illite), calcite, pyrite, quartz, siderite, gypsum, and zircon. The average Li content in the coal is 66.59 ug/g, with higher content in the coal parting (566.00 ug/g) and floor (396.00 ug/g). Lithium in coal occurs primarily in kaolinite, illite, cookeite, and is closely related to titanium-bearing minerals. In addition, Li in organic macroal may occur in liptinite. The No. 15 coal was formed in the coastal depositional system, and the deposition palaeenvironment is primarily a wet-shallow water covered environment in open swamp facies; the plant tissue preservation index is poor, and aquatic or herbaceous plants dominate the plant type. The reducing environment with more terrestrial detritus, an arid climate, and strong hydrodynamic effects is favorable for Li enrichment in coal. The results have important theoretical significance for exploring the enrichment and metallogenic mechanisms of Li in coal. 20242020242024202024202024  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] ever estimated the world average amount of lithium in coal in 2009, and the result showed that the world average amount of Li in coal was 14 \(\mu\)g/g [14]. However, many scholars found that the Li content of coal in different coal fields in China was much higher than the world average. It is considered that Li in the coal of some coalfields may have potential utilization value. [PERSON] et al. found that the No. 6 coal of the Har'erwusu open-pit mine was significantly enriched in Li, with average and maximum Li contents of 116.00 \(\mu\)g/g and 566.00 \(\mu\)g/g, respectively [15]. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. found that the average Li content of the Antabao coal reached 172.00 \(\mu\)g/g, the highest Li content reached 657.00 \(\mu\)g/g [3], and they believed that the Li content in coal reached 120.00 \(\mu\)g/g, which is reasonable for industrial comprehensive mining and utilization [4]. The occurrence of Li in coal has not been fully investigated because of its low content and relative atomic mass, which cannot typically be detected by microbeam analysis [2]. Therefore, the occurrence of Li in coal is typically inferred using indirect methods such as correlation. [PERSON] et al. concluded that Li occurs in chlorite, kaolinite, and possibly illite in the Guanbanwusu coal [2]. [PERSON] et al. performed sequential chemical extraction of Li from the Pingshuo No. 9 coal and demonstrated that the Li concentration is mainly related to minerals, with only approximately 5.50% of Li having organic affinity [16]. [PERSON] believed that the Li in the Guanbanwusu coal occurred in a silica-aluminum oxide binding state [17]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] believed that the Li in the Anjialing No. 9 coal was closely related to silicates [18]. [PERSON] et al. proposed that Li carriers in the Xuangang No. 2 coal were mainly silicate minerals [19]. [PERSON] found that the Li in the Ningwu coal mainly occurred as clay minerals in a silicate state and believed that Li was easily enriched in the strongly reducing salty water environment [20]. [PERSON] et al.