## 4 Result and Discussion
### Construction of the Proposed Mining Transportation Overall Vehicle Effectiveness (MTOVE)

Table 7: Delphi results for the second and third rounds. The use of availability (UA) measures the real total time the system is operating without equipment idle. Internal and external factors affect the UA. Internal factors are situations that occur within the company and are managed and controlled by the organization internally. An internal factor that affects the UA is a waiting driver, waiting for instruction, and refueling. External factors originate outside the company, such as rain and road slipperiness. For example, in rainy situations the operation must be stopped because of safety considerations. These situations count as idle time and will affect the UA ratio. \[\text{Use of Availability }(\text{UA})=\frac{\text{Operation Time}}{\text{Uptime}} \times 100\% \tag{4}\]  
\[\text{Operation Time }(\text{h})=\text{Uptime }-\text{Idle Time}. \tag{5}\]  
Performance measures the overall performance, which is a combination of the hauling process productivity and the fuel consumption performance during the hauling process. Productivity measures the ratio of the ideal volume transported per hour based on the ideal hauling cycle time and the actual volume transported per hour based on the actual hauling cycle time described in Equation (7). Productivity is described as the ratio of total volume output and total time consumed. The total time consumed represents the operation time in Equation (5). Productivity is affected by losses that slow down the total hauling cycle time, such as waiting for loading and speed reduction. Ideal transported volume is based on truck capacity, which is 25 metric tons. Transported volume per hour is affected by truck capacity and cycle time and cycle time is affected by hauling distance. In this case study, the hauling speed assumption was about 50 km per hour. Fuel performance is the ratio of the ideal fuel consumption rate and the actual fuel consumption rate during the hauling process. Losses that affected fuel consumption rate are loading time, road grade, and road quality. \[\text{Performance }(\text{PR})=\text{Productivity }\times\text{ Fuel performance}, \tag{6}\]  
\[\text{Productivity }(\text{PT})=\frac{\text{Ideal Volume Transported per Hour}}{\text{ Actual Volume Transported per Hour}}\times 100\%, \tag{7}\]  
\[\text{Fuel Performance }(\text{FP})=\frac{\text{Ideal Fuel Rate }\left(\frac{\text{liter}}{\text{ ton.km}}\right)}{\text{Actual Fuel Rate }\left(\frac{\text{liter}}{\text{ ton.km}}\right)}\times 100\%. \tag{8}\]  
The transportation quality measures the number of trips completed with the coal delivered satisfactorily without delay and spillage during transportation. It is the combination of quality rate and coal loss due to spillage. Quality rate measures the total number of failed trips because of accidents or major breakdowns during the hauling process, causing the truck not to arrive in the port stockpile. When this situation happens, the coal must be transferred to another truck or change vehicle. Process transferring requires time and effort to rehandle the coal, and we count it as a failed trip. Coal losses are affected by coal spills during transportation. These losses can happen when the truck tailgate is broken, causing coal spillage. When the truck has accident, the coal must be transferred to another truck, and since there is a rehandling process, there will be loss during the transferring process. \[\text{Transportation Quality }(\text{TQ})=\text{Quality rate }\times\text{ Coal losses}, \tag{9}\]  
\[\text{Quality rate }(\text{QR})=\frac{\text{Total Trip }-\text{Trip failed}}{\text{Total Trip}}\times 100\%, \tag{10}\]  
\[\text{Coal Losses }(\text{CL})=\frac{\text{Total volume transported}-\text{Total loss}}{\text{Total volume transported}}\times 100\%. \tag{11}\]