# Experimental Study on LTE Mobile Network Performance Parameters for Controlled Drone Flights
## 2 Overview of Drone Realization for LTE Mobile Network Parameter Measurements
\begin{tabular}{c} Investigating the applicability of LTE-M \\ for network identification of unmanned \\ aerial systems in U-space. \\ reliable aerial mobile communications \\ with RSRP and RSRQ prediction \\ models for the internet of drones \\ machine learning approach. \\ \end{tabular}  & 20, 40, 60, 80, & \multirow{4}{*}{RSSP, RSRQ} \\
[42] & 2022 & Developed multirotor drone with a smartphone and drive-test application & \begin{tabular}{c} Selangor, \\ Malaysia \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Suburban environment \\ models for the internet of drones \\ machine learning approach. \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} with RSRP and RSRQ prediction \\ models for the internet of drones \\ machine learning approach. \\ \end{tabular}  & 65, 85, 105, & \multirow{4}{*}{RSRP, RSRQ} \\
[42] & 2024 & Commercial DJ M30 drone and OnePlus & \begin{tabular}{c} Commercial DJ M30 drone and OnePlus \\ NORD BE202 mobile phone with \\ Enhanced Echo One mobile network \\ and analyser software \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Commercial DJ M30 drone and OnePlus \\ LICE mobile network performance \\ parameters measurements and KPI for \\ controlled drone flights. \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Commercial DJ M30 drone and OnePlus \\ LICE mobile network performance \\ parameters measurements and KPI for \\ DL, and UL data rates \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} LICE mobile network performance \\ parameters measurements and KPI for \\ DL, and UL data rates \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \cline{3-6  
The topicality of our research also supports recent studies that measure and evaluate certain important LTE mobile network parameters. For instance, a [33] study in Aalborg (Denmark) showed the development of a setup where a crane was used for lifting a multi-antenna receiver. This was carried out within the city, its suburbs, rural areas as well as in the industrial part of the city. The multi-antenna receiver was raised from ground level to 40 m and measurements of the received signal power, RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR were measured. Another approach was shown in [31] to observe radio interference for UAV connectivity. In this research, a Rohde & Schwarz mobile network scanner was mounted underneath a commercial hexacopter drone to measure RSRP, DL, UL, and others within 15-120 m. In turn, the authors of the research in [34] used a portable radio network scanner that was attached underneath a commercial UAV to detect airborne UEs around the altitude of 15-120 m and observe RSRP, RSRQ, and other parameters. Other research [35] used a quad-rotor drone with an open-source autopilot platform and a 4G-only mobile phone for measuring latitudes, longitudes, heights of the drone, and the RSRP of a 4G network up to 500 m of altitude within an urban environment. The research in [28] showed public LTE network measurements with drones and smartphones in a rural environment while investigating UL parameters at 50 to 100 m of altitude. Another interesting approach can be observed in the research of [36], where an ultra-micro drone with a 4G modem was used to measure the RSSI parameter at heights of 30-120 m to create a drone-based mapping of 4G cellular network coverage. A topical study with regard to our own is shown in [37] where a commercial drone is used with a smartphone that has a portable mobile-network-testing application installed. The research observes RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SINR, downlink throughput, and uplink throughput parameters within different altitudes and drone movement speeds. There is also novel research [38] that discusses the signal strength of 5G, LTE, and LTE-M coverage for drone communications. RSRP and SINR parameters are evaluated at heights of more than 120 m. Specific focus on the SINR delay measurements is made in [39] where a UAV that is controlled by a configured application is used to evaluate the delay measurements of drones connecting to commercial LTE and 5G networks.