### A Article  
Biomechanical Analysis of Staples for Epphysiodessis  
[PERSON],*(r), [PERSON], [PERSON](r), [PERSON], [PERSON],  
[PERSON], [PERSON](r), [PERSON](r), [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON],  
[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]  
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These growth deformities have been, for many years, treated surgically, utilizing the manipulation of natural growth capabilities of the bone; see [1]. Epiphyseal stapling is one of the most commonly and traditionally used methods for such correction, using inert metal staples (clips) implanted into a specific part of a child's long bone to temporarily prevent its growth. Hence, epiphyseal stapling (also known as epiphysiodesis, Blount epipbysiodesis, bone growth restriction, or bone growth surgery) involves placing such staples in a way to bridge the growth plate to slow down the growth of the long bone; see [1,4]. This short surgical procedure is performed under general anesthesia. There are no comparable nonsurgical alternatives to epiphyseal stapling. Surgical alternatives include leg shortening (i.e., a surgery during which a section of the bone is cut out and fragments are joined together with a plate), percutaneous epiphysiodesis, see [5], open epiphysiodesis, and, recently, tension band technique. Epiphyseal stapling was introduced by [PERSON] in 1949, see [6], and since then, it has become a common procedure of correcting, in particular, angular deformities of the knee (_genu varum_ or _genu valgum_) in children. The growth of the child's or adolescent's bone is associated mainly with physics, i.e., a cartilage structure near joints; see [1,4]. Blount staples are also used for pseudoarthosis treatment [7]. Using staples, the physics (epiphyseal plate) can be relatively simply restrained either on both sides when correcting limb length discrepancy (i.e., \"epipbysiodesis\") or only on one side when correcting angular deformities (i.e., \"hemiepiphyseedesis\") (see Figures 1 and 2). Unlike the irreversible method of permanent epiphysiodesis, see [8], epiphyseal stapling does not destroy the epiphyseal plate and, therefore, allows resumption of the growth once the optimal correction is achieved; see [4]. Recently, the tension band technique, introduced by [PERSON] in 2007 [9], using non-locking plates (similar to those used for osteosynthesis) and screws almost in the same position as staples, has gradually become a preferable alternative to stapling. However, [PERSON]'s original method still remains an effective means for the treatment of lower limb deformities in adolescents; see [1,4,10]. According to [1,4], besides accurate diagnosis confirmed by a radiogram of the whole limb (see Figure 2), good timing of the treatment is also very important. The surgical procedure involves a short longitudinal incision through soft tissues over the physics and extraperiosteal implantation of the staple using a special instrument under radiography control [11] (see Figure 3).