## 4 Proposed System
### Selective Forwarding Detection (SFD) Algorithms
#### 4.3.1 MAC Pool of IDs Layer
## 7 Conclusions

Security, reliability, energy efficiency, and scalability are challenging design issues for wireless sensor networks. We present in this work a new approach, called Selective Forwarding Detection (SFD), to detect one type of severe attack, selective forwarding attacks. This type of attack severaly affects the communication network of nodes by breaking the communication links. It is a multi-layer detection approach. The multi-layer detection framework consists of three layers, each of which is supported by a different algorithm. In the first layer, we used an algorithm based on a pool of MAC IDs that authenticates the incoming traffic to determine whether a node is legitimate or malicious. In the second layer, we used a rule-based processing algorithm, which checks the traffic by comparing it to a list of rules. In the third layer, we used an anomaly detection algorithm to identify unknown attacks, which appear as false negatives, send an alert, and reject the traffic. In addition, the framework was validated using NS2. Based on the simulation results, we demonstrated that this approach's detection rate and energy consumption are better than other approaches, therefore, the FD approach is a reliable, energy efficient, and scalable technique to prevent forwarding attacks. ## Author Contributions

This work is done as a part of [PERSON] Ph.D. dissertation under the supervision of [PERSON]. Both authors equally contributed to this work. ## Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

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