# Name Disambiguation Scheme Based on Heterogeneous Academic Sites
## 3 Proposed Name Disambiguation Scheme
### Author Name Disambiguation
#### 3.4.1 Rule-Based Scheme  
The attributes to be used in the name disambiguation analyzer were extracted by the preprocessor. The name disambiguation analyzer defined rules for disambiguating names and assigned weights based on the importance of each rule. The similarity calculation rules and weights of the proposed rule-based scheme are listed in Table 3. The proposed rule-based approach first performed name disambiguation based on exception cases. An exception case refers to a specific rule that determines whether two documents are written by the same author. If a document does not fall under an exception case, the similarity is calculated according to the proposed four rules. The similarity values for each rule are summed up, and if the total similarity exceeds a certain threshold, the research is determined to have been authored by the same individual. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Name** & **Rule** & **Weight** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Exception Case} & The titles are exactly the same & \multirow{4}{*}{4} \\  & The author affiliations are exactly the same & \multirow{4}{*}{0\(\sim\)1} \\  & The co-authors are exactly the same & \\  & Jaro-Winkler Similarity [24] & \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Affiliation} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(s_{j}=\left\{\begin{aligned} 0,& m=0\\ \frac{1}{3}(\frac{m}{|s_{1}|}+\frac{m}{|s_{2}|}+\frac{m-t}{m}),& \text{otherwise}\\ \end{aligned}\right.\)} & 0\(\sim\)1 \\  & & \(s_{w}=s_{j}+\omega p(1-s_{j})\) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Year} & Difference of publication year & \multirow{2}{*}{0\(\sim\)1} \\  & \(\text{p}=-\left(\frac{|y_{d}|}{\omega y}\right)-1\) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Co-author} & Number of identical co-authors & \multirow{2}{*}{0\(\sim\)0.5} \\  & \(\text{c}=\frac{1-e^{-|s|}}{2}\) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Proportion of identical co-authors} & \multirow{2}{*}{0\(\sim\)0.5} \\  & \(\text{r}=\frac{x/y}{2}\) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Venue} & Exactly the same or not & 0 or 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Attribute and weight application rules. First, if the two documents match the exception case attributes, they are awarded four points, and other attributes are not considered. The first exception case is when the titles of the two documents being compared are the same. The second exception case is when, after normalizing the affiliation of the document through the affiliation table in the preprocessor, the affiliations are found to be identical. In case of a discrepancy in the detailed affiliation, the Jaro-Winkler [24] similarity, a method that considers the number and position of common characters between two strings, was used to calculate the similarity of affiliations. If the Jaro-Winkler similarity score exceeded a predefined threshold, the documents were deemed to have the same affiliation. The publication year attribute represents the difference in publication years between the two papers. The year rule represents the weight calculation based on the publication year (p). Here, \(yd_{1}\) and \(yd_{2}\) indicate the publication years of the two documents, and \(cy\) represents the publication year span set by the user. In this study, the volume of documents collected by the collector varied widely depending on the keywords entered when collecting documents. Moreover, when new subject keywords emerge, past data need not be collected. Therefore, setting the publication year when collecting documents was necessary. For the co-author count attribute, the number of identical co-authors in the two papers was compared. The rule of the number of identical co-authors displays the weight calculation based on the number of co-authors (c), where x is the number of identical co-authors between the two documents. The co-author ratio attribute represents the ratio of identical co-authors to the total number of co-authors in the two papers. The rule of the proportion of identical co-authors - represents the weight calculation based on the co-author ratio (r).