## 2 What Is IoNT? In December 1959, [PERSON] first presented the idea of nanotechnology [1]. Since then, nanotechnology has offered improved and effective solutions for various industries such as healthcare, agriculture, and so on [2]. In simple terms, nanotechnology is the study and use of microscopic objects measured at the atomic and molecular levels by combining various fields, including engineering, medicine, biology, physics, and chemistry; it has the potential to develop a variety of innovative technological materials and devices for the benefit of humanity [2; 5; 6]. Nanotechnology makes the development of devices with sizes between one and two hundred nanometers possible [3], leading to the evolution of microscopic components known as nanomachines. These are ordered collections of molecules that perform specific functions such as sensing or actuating [15; 16; 17; 18; 19]. This paved the way for a novel standard based on the IoT called \"Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)\", which has been developed as a result of the connectivity of these nanosensors and nanodevices with exiting traditional communication networks within the Internet [2; 4; 5; 19; 20; 21; 22]. The concept of the IoNT was developed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2010 [10; 12]. They describe the Internet of Nano-Things as \"The interconnection of nanoscale devices with existing communication networks and, ultimately, the Internet defines a new networking paradigm that is further referred to as the Internet of Nano-Things\" [2; 12]. The IoNT is envisioned as being composed of nanoscale networks of physical items that are able to exchange information with one another via the use of nano-communication protocols; nanotechnology is seen as the fundamental pillar of the IoNT [1]. The IoNT paradigm encompasses many nanosensors to produce more accurate and reliable information about a specific object to improve our conceptual understanding of object behavior. It has the potential to significantly enhance the capabilities of the IoT, leading to a new generation of smaller, more efficient, and more capable devices [6]. One of the major advantages of the IoNT is that nanoscale devices are much smaller and more efficient than their macroscale counterparts [7]. This makes them ideal for use in applications where space is limited or where precise control is needed. For example, nanodevices could be used in with medical implants or wearable technology to monitor a person's health [2; 8; 9; 10]. On the other hand, when it comes to environmental monitoring, IoNT could be used to monitor air and water quality, providing real-time data on levels of pollutants and other contaminants [10]. This could help governments and businesses to identify and address environmental issues and could also help individuals to make more informed decisions about their health and well-being. In general, the IoNT infrastructure can be deployed by combining nanodevices with the IoT, sensor networks, cloud computing, and big data analytics [1; 4]. The IoNT has spawned numerous new domains, including the Internet of Bio-Nano-Things (IoBNT) and the Internet of Multimedia Nano-Things (IoMNT), which can aid in the development and integration of sophisticated technologies in the healthcare and media and entertainment industries [4; 17; 22; 23; 24; 25]. The IoMNT architecture includes nano-cameras and photodetectors, which are constructed on a nanoscale and are mostly employed in telecommunications. The development of nanomachines with communication capabilities and the integration of nanomachines with micro- and macro-devices are factors driving the expansion of the worldwide IoNT market [23; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30]. In reality, nanomachines are miniature devices that provide a variety of uses, including medicine delivery, food quality testing, and environmental monitoring [4; 17].