## 2 Vehicle and Driver Identification Methods  
### Application of Vehicle Electronic Identification in Customs Inspection Vehicle Identification  
In modern customs management, efficient and accurate vehicle identification is crucial for improving work efficiency and ensuring security. Vehicle Electronic Identification (EVI) technology has emerged as an essential tool for addressing the shortcomings of traditional identification methods. EVI technology comprises two core components: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and On-Board Units (OBUs). RFID tags are small devices embedded with microchips and antennas that transmit data via radio frequency signals. OBUs are installed on vehicles that communicate with customs systems in real-time through gantries or roadside reading and writing devices [2]. EVI technology enables automatic vehicle identification without manual intervention, quickly transmitting information to readers through radio waves [7]. Additionally, to ensure data security during transmission, RFID systems transmit vehicle information to a central database through a wireless communication link. To ensure data security during transmission, RFID systems send vehicle information to a central database via a wireless link, employing encryption technology to prevent unauthorized access and tampering [22]. Additionally, data transmission includes integrity checks and error correction to maintain information accuracy [18]. In the central database, vehicle information is matched against system records for identity verification. The system can detect anomalies in real-time, and provide decision support through data analysis. For instance, if vehicle information does not meet expectations, the system automatically triggers an alarm to alert customs personnel for further inspection [23]. Moreover, system integration technology facilitates seamless collaboration among RFID readers, OBUs, and central databases, enhancing identification and scheduling efficiency [3]. The vehicle data collection method using EVI involves installing comprehensive sensing stations at critical locations, such as key intersections, parking lot entrances and exits, inspection laboratory entrances, and roll-on/roll-off ship loading and unloading points. Induction loops are installed 15 m from these key locations to detect vehiclespassing by, while gantries equipped with vehicle recognition devices are set up 15 m from the loops for automatic license plate recognition. EVI technology allows antenna on the gantry to read the information from vehicles equipped with electronic tags. When a vehicle triggers the induction loop, it sends two signals: one to the high-definition video camera and another to the EVI antenna reader, capturing the license plate and reading the EVI information simultaneously. The collected data are then uploaded to the integrated sensing's processing computer for further analysis. The integrated sensing station system comprises a license plate recognition system and an EVI reading and writing system. This comprehensive deployment enables efficient data collection, verification, transmission, and processing in practical applications. By strategically selecting monitoring locations for gantry installation, placing induction loops 15 m away, and equipping gantries with EVI antennas, HD cameras, and supplemental lighting, the system ensures effective data capture. The EVI antennas connect to the EVI reader and writer controller via cables, while the cameras interface with the front-end computer or switch through a network. The application of biometric recognition technology in driver identification for customs inspection vehicles significantly enhances the security and efficiency of identity verification. This study employs a multi-modal recognition approach, incorporating three modalities: facial recognition (for identity recognition) [26], fingerprint recognition (for identity recognition) [27], and behavior recognition (for determining responsibility for vehicle damage during relocation) [28].