# The Use of Virtual Reality in Training Parameters for a Mass Casualty Incident
## 1 Introduction
The aim of this paper is to present the action research carried out based on which a training module for paramedics was prepared for cases of mass casualties, which are some of the most challenging situations that paramedics must deal with professionally. A learning module \"car crash\" was prepared, which reflects and transfers into a simulation virtual and fully immersive environment the real form of a car crash in which six to nine participants are affected. A trained individual (student or paramedic) arrives at the scene of the accident in an ambulance where he/she learns the details of the scene. Upon reaching the scene, his/her main task is to report to dispatch, triage and secure the affected persons. This is a semi-structured scenario, as trainees do not have a clearly predetermined course of action and can influence it themselves. The uniqueness of this approach lies in its being based on a real need, where action research is based on the current state of the situation and based on a questionnaire survey and consultations with specialists in the field, a scenario is designed and a module is programmed in virtual reality, which is a powerful, albeit very new tool for training paramedics. The contribution of this paper can be seen not only in the presentation of a rather unique educational and training tool, but also in the presentation of the prepared scenario, which is based on real cases of mass casualties in the Czech Republic and has been commented on and repeatedly modified based on the needs of the paramedics themselves, thus ensuring coherence with practice. The paper, in the section \"Related Work\", will present the use of virtual reality in education, focusing specifically on the education of paramedics in reflection of mass casualty cases. The main benefits of the use of virtual reality for paramedic education will be named. In the \"Methods used\" section, the design of the action research will be presented, including the initial state represented by the large-scale exercise Rozvadov 2018, which represented the initiation phase of the action research in terms of auditing the current state and naming the biggest problems of real field exercises, thus also naming the claims for the use of virtual reality to substitute part of these activities. Furthermore, the research among the exercise figures is presented. These data and follow-up consultations with experts in the field were used as a basis for the design of the \"Car Accident\" teaching module. The aim of the action research is not to conduct an experiment, the action research here is to help identify pitfalls within the existing state of the practice and then address these through specific interventions. The initial exercise was part of finding and establishing a starting point for the actual research and innovation activity and then the observation and collection of the actual data was carried out, including analysis of the necessary documentation. The data were evaluated and interpreted and based on this, relevant conclusions were drawn for the change of the analysed situation in the sense of preparation of paramedics for situations of mass casualties. Implications of the conducted exercise and the obtained data were drawn for further work and the creation of a training module, which is now presented and will be the basis for further partial experiments, which; however, are not the content of this paper. Part of the paper \"Tactical Exercise Rozvadov 2018--limits and restriction\" describes the initial phase of the action research presented by the authors' collective and at the same time defines the basic problems of exercises of a similar type, to which the authors' collective decided to respond using a complementary module in virtual reality. The section \"Virtual Scenario Car Accident\" is the part of the paper where the created virtual module is described as an action that has been taken based on the conducted research.