## 1 Introduction
[37] demonstrate that the combination of GIS with other geospatial techniques such as remote sensing has great applicability in CET, especially when assessing the energy resource. The results obtained show that Landsat can be effective in deriving potential distribution of general shallow geothermal resources or LiDAR can be useful in aiding wind energy development. Finally, CET offers opportunities for geophysical techniques. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [38] analyzed how the CET not only requires clean energy, but also critical materials such as metals, which require further development of mining. In prospecting for new resources, geophysics plays a key role. The literature reviews analyzed demonstrate the interest, potential, and transversality of geospatial techniques in CET. Hydrogen has become a key pillar for achieving the decarbonization goals. Deploying hydrogen technologies requires robust spatial analysis to optimize resources and locate facilities efficiently across the entire HVC, from production to storage, transport, distribution, and final consumption. Therefore, integrating geospatial tools into the HVC is essential for informed and strategic decision-making aligned with CET objectives. Nevertheless, as this is a newer technology, comprehensive literature reviews that assess the current state of the art and explore the potential application of geospatial techniques remain limited. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [39] analyze 26 peer-review papers where GIS is used for the integration of hydrogen into the urban environment. The aim is to analyze the temporal and spatial resolution and transparency of the research conducted as they are key aspects of social acceptance. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [40] analyzed a total of 28 peer-review papers focused on the application of MCDM for hydrogen production site selection decision-making. The research classifies studies at different spatial resolutions and in different methods. It detects a gap in the transparency of the selection of weights included in the MCDMs, as well as in the provenance of the data and the integration algorithms. The literature reviews on the application of geospatial techniques to renewable hydrogen focus primarily on GIS techniques for production and include fewer than 30 research papers. In turn, the HVC is not in the same state of development, making it essential to analyze which geospatial techniques are best suited to the current state of the art. Therefore, a literature review covering a broader range of geospatial techniques classified according to the stages of the HVC is needed. This review aims to answer the following research questions: (i) Which geospatial techniques have application in the different stages of the HVC? (ii) What challenges are identified in the existing literature? (iii) What solutions have been proposed to overcome these challenges? (iv) What future research directions are recommended in this field? After a review of the state-of-the-art reviews, studies that explicitly integrate geospatial techniques in the HVC within a single comprehensive analysis were not found. Therefore, this research offers a holistic analysis of geospatial techniques across each stage of the HVC, identifying associated barriers and challenges. In addition, it proposes recommendations and applications of such techniques with potential application, which are currently not being exploited in the renewable hydrogen field yet. Additionally, the following specific contributions are considered:  
* A systematic literature review covering 177 research papers published between 2019 and 2025. * A bibliometric analysis of geospatial techniques (beyond just GIS) applied across the stages of the renewable HVC, identifying the most relevant methods per HVC stage. * For each HVC stage, the most commonly used geospatial techniques are outlined, along with their limitations and recommended future research directions. * A cross-cutting category is included to address applications related to key issues such as safety, leak detection, or training.