# Reasoning about Confidence in Goal Satisfaction
## 6 Case Study  
Case studies are a common software engineering research method that studies the application of an artifact, in our case the proposed Data Quality Tagging and Propagation Mechanism, in its real world setting. A _descriptive case study_ focuses on one instance or a small group of instances to describe a certain situation and demonstrate how these instances interact given certain conditions [35]. Each case study has a context and a unit of analysis. In our research, we conducted a descriptive case study to investigate to what extent Data Quality Tagging and Propagation Mechanism, the _unit of analysis_, supports the decision-making process in the _context_ of a new monitoring system deployment in healthcare. This case study enables applying the mechanism to a real-life situation, in situ, and collect evidence of usefulness regarding support for organizational decision-making and the detection of low levels of confidence that could help identify needs for higher-quality data that feed indicators. The _data_ used to prepare the input to the approach was collected through several meetings with stakeholders and through existing documents and processes. The input of the approach consists of the GRL goal model (including indicators), processes definitions, and the new monitoring system design alternatives. The case study was conducted over six months, in collaboration with the Quality and Safety team in a Saudi hospital.  
The case study is particularly concerned with tracking the position of lab samples from the Emergency Room (ER) to the lab unit at Al-Rass Hospital in Saudi Arabia. In their ER process, when a physician requests a lab test, the level of urgency (Critical, Urgent, or Routine) shall be set. A nurse collects the sample, and then registers the patient and the sample information into the Medical Health Record (MHR). Then, a transporter carries the sample to the lab unit and drops it into a box. Nurses in the lab unit check the box every 15 min for new samples because they do not receive notifications upon the arrival of new samples. Therefore, in most cases, there is a delay in delivering the results of samples.  
A customized _Real-Time Tracking Sample system_ (RTTS) is being proposed to track samples in real time and report on the current position of samples while travelling from the ER to the lab. The samples are put into bags tagged with tracking chips that communicate wirelessly with the RTTS; then, the RTTS sends notification about the current position and time. There are two main possible alternatives for integrating the RTTS-related tasks into the current ER process:  
1. having patient information entered into the RTTS by a nurse, or
2. having the RTTS pull patient information automatically from the MHR.  
The aim of this case study is to illustrate and informally assess how our method can help and support the decision that should be made, by the hospital, on whether to deploy the RTTS system or not, given that the hospital greatly needs to improve and evaluate the ER performance for critical cases. The RTTS system was developed by a programmer in accordance with Al-Rass Hospital's needs. Figure 12 illustrates the goal model of the context. The contributions weights and the goals' importance values were gathered using AHP, according to [PERSON]'s approach for GRL models [26].  
We designed GRL evaluation strategies that correspond to each design alternative, to satisfy the two main stakeholders interests in this case study, namely: (1) evaluate the possibility of adopting and deploying the RTTS across the hospital (for other monitoring purposes such as monitoring the location of medical equipment), and (2) investigate the performance of the integration alternatives on the predefined criteria for each level of urgency. There are nine GRL evaluation strategies in total, which correspond to each combination of the three process integration alternatives (_current method--no RTTS_, _RTTS by nurse_, and _automated RTTS_) and each of the three levels of urgency (critical, urgent, and routine).