# Citizens' Perception of Smart Cities: A Case Study
## 4 Survey Methodology and Analysis
### Analysis
Generally, the participants acknowledged the fact that all options given are of high importance for the development of a smart city project; thus, \"Not important\" and \"Less important\" options gathered an insignificant percentage amount. The results also showed that the two options that gathered the highest percentages of \"Very important\" responses were the \"Efficient use of energy\" option (74.9% of the participants opted for \"Very important\") and the \"Sustainable development\" (63.3% of the participants opted for \"Very important\"). The results are shown in Figure 2.  
Afterwards, the participants were asked the following: \"Do you think that efforts have been made in order for your city to be transformed into a \"Smart City\"? Out of the 319 participants, 84 of them (26.3%) answered \"Yes\", 191 (59.9%) answered \"No\" and 44 (13.8%) answered \"I do not know\". The 84 participants that answered Yes in the previous question continued to answer the next question: \"In which of the following sectors have you noticed any kind of activity? The options were related to the six fundamental pillars of a smart city and the participants were offered the capability to choose more than one of the given options. Based on the replies, all options were chosen, in a quite sufficient percentage; the most popular choices were the \"Environment\" (chosen by 50 out of the 84 participants, a number which corresponds to 59.5%) and the \"Mobility\" (chosen by 47 out of the 84 participants, a number which corresponds to 56%). The less popular options were the \"Living\" option (33.3%) and the \"Human Capital\" option (33.3%). The results are shown in Figure 3.  
Figure 2: Importance of sectors. Question 11 (\"In which of the following areas do you think improvements need to be made in the city where you live?\") was also a multiple-choice question, which again offered the six smart city fundamental pillars as choices. The results revealed that, in general, each option has been chosen by the participants in a relatively high percentage; in fact, each option's choice exceeded the 55 percentage board. This reveals that each one of the options provided was highly chosen by the participants. Typically, the most popular options chosen by the participants were the \"Environment\" (chosen by 254 out of 319 participants) and \"Living\" (chosen by 237 out of 319 participants). The results are shown in Figure 4.  
Question 12 asked the participants to evaluate the six smart city pillars based on their importance. Since this question was created by the five-point Likert scale, each one of its items constituted an ordinal variable in SPSS software. As a result, the Cronbach's alpha value was calculated for the number of the ordinal variables of this question so that the internal consistency of these items could be checked. The value of Cronbach's alpha appears to be 0.701, which indicates an acceptable level of reliability. In question 12, the participants were offered to choose among the following responses for each option: \"Not important at all\", \"Less important\", \"Moderately important\", \"Quite important\" and  
Figure 4: Areas for improvements in your city. Figure 3: Efforts to transform your city to a smart city. \"Very important\". The results revealed once again that the participants are generally aware of each one of the pillars' high importance. This is shown by the fact that the \"Quite important\" and \"Very important\" choices (combined) exceeded the 75% percentage board for each of the six pillars provided, whereas \"Not important\" and \"Less important\" choices could not even exceed the 5% percentage board for each of them. Tables 2 shows the results.