# Internet Video Delivery Improved by Super-Resolution with GAN
## 3 Cloud-Based Content Placement Framework  
Well-known video-streaming services, for instance, Netflix and Hulu, use a CDN to improve the QoE of video sessions by reducing the delay and increasing the throughput. CDNs use two architectures: enter deep and bring home [50]. The first architecture penetrates the ISPs deeply by placing content distribution servers in the ISP PoPs. The second architecture brings ISPs closer to their customers by concentrating massive content distribution centers in a few critical areas and linking them with private high-speed connections. Due to today's audience segmentation of video-streaming services, the CDN content placement policies deployed on those architectures require moving large quantities of data to multiple surrogate servers, which are the audience's closest access points. The cost of approximating content and its audience is the transmission cost. IaaS, one of the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Models** & **CNN** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Sub-** \\ **Pixel** \\ \end{tabular} & **RB** & **RRDB** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Skip** \\ **Connection** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Perceptual** \\ **Loss** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **GAN** \\ **Connections** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Dense Skip** \\ **Connections** \\ \end{tabular} & **RaD** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Residual** \\ **Scaling** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Video** \\ **SR** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline SRCNN [28] & \(\surd\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) \\ ESPCN [32] & \(\surd\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigvee\) \\ CISRDCNN [31] & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) \\ SRResNet [21] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & 16 & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) \\ SRGAN [21] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & 16 & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) \\ ESRGAN [22] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 23 & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) \\ VSRGAN [44] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & 3 & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) \\ VSRGAN+ (ours) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 3 & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The main characteristics of SR-related models. cloud-computing-service models, has been used to address the natural fluctuations in computing resource demands for those operations. Despite the advantages of the pay-as-you-go pricing of the IaaS model, there are costs associated with moving large files around the Internet, e.g., the congestion of dedicated links and increases in the time to market. In this paper, we propose a content-placement framework for reducing the quantity of data delivered between the source server and surrogate servers. This framework can support VoD streaming services using both CDNs enter-deep and bring-home architectures. Figure 1 shows the content-placement framework considered in this work. In this framework, the super-resolution procedure starts after the content placement policy establishes which video \(V\) has to be stored on the surrogate server \(S\). The high-definition version of selected video \(V\), \(V^{HR}\), is stored in the original server and encoded to output its low-definition representation \(V^{LR}\). This downscaling process reduces the actual scenes by a factor of \(r\). The low-resolution representation is replicated in the surrogate servers, in contrast to the all-version approach.