## 3 Results  
Comparisons Between the Pre-Test and Post-Test of Control and Experimental Groups (ON-SNOW Assessment)  
In this study, the SKI IQ, edging, balance, and pressure were recorded as composite scores rather than measurements in conventional physical units (e.g., meters, kilograms). Each of these indices aggregates data from multiple submetrics. For instance, the balance metric on the CARV system combines early forward movement (%) and mid-turn balance (%) into a dimensionless index. Consequently, these values do not represent direct measurements of length, mass, or force, but rather scaled performance scores derived from device-specific algorithms. However, the final composite scores are best understood as relative indicators of technique or skill rather than measures in standard International System (SI) units. This approach enables a more nuanced assessment of skiing performance, capturing factors (e.g., weight shifting, timing) that are difficult to quantify with a single physical dimension. In Table 3, we present the descriptive statistics regarding the difference from the pre-test to the post-test for the control and experimental groups. Moreover, in Table 4, we present the descriptive statistics at the pre-test and post-test, such as the mean and standard deviation of the calculated variables. We utilized a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to investigate the potential differences between the control and experimental groups in terms of variables, such as the SKI IQ, balance, edging, and pressure. The dependent variable was determined by calculating the difference between the post-test and pre-test scores. Following the analysis, a notable distinction was observed between the control and experimental groups in terms of the SKI IQ (F = 13.239; \(p\) = 0.001; \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.321). This difference possesses a large magnitude, signifying a significant effect size. Additionally, we observed statistically significant variations in the balance metric (F = 4.800; \(p\) = 0.037) and the pressure metric (F = 8.084; \(p\) = 0.08), as indicated in Table 5. Overall, the experimental group demonstrated larger improvements in the SKI IQ, balance, and pressure compared to the control group. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **EG vs. CG** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **N** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ski IQ pre-test} & EG & 95.20 & 9.167 & 15 \\  & CG & 92.20 & 9.120 & 15 \\  & Total & 93.70 & 9.113 & 30 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ski IQ post-test} & EG & 101.27 & 9.982 & 15 \\  & CG & 93.93 & 10.361 & 15 \\  & Total & 97.60 & 10.669 & 30 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Edging pre-test} & EG & 46.20 & 11.143 & 15 \\  & CG & 43.13 & 13.410 & 15 \\  & Total & 44.67 & 12.215 & 30 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Edging post-test} & EG & 48.80 & 9.088 & 15 \\  & CG & 44.73 & 11.411 & 15 \\  & Total & 46.77 & 10.345 & 30 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Pressure pre-test} & EG & 49.73 & 6.703 & 15 \\  & CG & 49.33 & 5.434 & 15 \\  & Total & 49.53 & 5.998 & 30 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Pressure post-test} & EG & 55.33 & 9.394 & 15 \\  & CG & 47.00 & 7.464 & 15 \\  & Total & 51.17 & 9.352 & 30 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Balance pre-test} & EG & 43.80 & 7.103 & 15 \\  & CG & 43.80 & 8.170 & 15 \\  & Total & 43.80 & 7.522 & 30 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Balance post-test} & EG & 47.33 & 5.525 & 15 \\  & CG & 43.27 & 6.100 & 15 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Total & 45.30 & 6.081 & 30 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Descriptive statistics of variables tested.