## 4 Conclusions  
The effect of \(T_{d}\) (40-60 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and \(v_{d}\) (0.5-1 m/s) in fluidized drying on the energy consumption and the quality parameters (TAC\({}_{\text{loss}}\), TPC\({}_{\text{loss}}\), TPC\({}_{\text{loss}}\) and A\({}_{\text{loss}}\)) of _E. amoneum_ petals was studied. A novel multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm, based on Pareto optimization, genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN), was developed. The following optimization objectives of A\({}_{\text{loss}}\), CD, EC, TAC\({}_{\text{loss}}\), TPC\({}_{\text{loss}}\) and TPC\({}_{\text{loss}}\) were used for its simultaneous minimization. The objective functions were developed by using ANN. The Pareto optimal set was developed with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II.  
It can be stated that there is no unequivocal solution to the optimization problem. The quality of dried _E. amoneum_ petals directly affects the price of the dried flakes (and poor-quality product is worthless). Therefore, the drying process does not have to be carried out with the lowest energy consumed, but only with the low possible energy expenditure.  
Cannot be obtained _E. amoneum_ petals characterized a low color change at low energy expenditure for fluidized drying.  
The smallest value of energy consumption (EC = 278.3 MJ/kg) was obtained for the following drying parameters: \(T_{d}\) = 60.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C and \(v_{d}\) = 0.50 m/s.  
The following solutions were obtained considering the simultaneous minimization of EC and loss of: A (and low TPC\({}_{\text{loss}}\)) \(T_{d}\) = 55.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C, \(v_{d}\) = 1.0 m/s, TAC and TFC \(T_{d}\) = 53.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, \(v_{d}\) = 1.0 m/s, TPC \(T_{d}\) = 60.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C, \(v_{d}\) = 0.52 m/s, CD \(T_{d}\) = 45.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, \(v_{d}\) = 0.5 m/s.  
Figure 6: Pareto fronts-two-dimensional views: (**a**) EC-TAC\({}_{\text{loss}}\)-TFC\({}_{\text{loss}}\), (**b**) EC-A\({}_{\text{loss}}\)-TPC\({}_{\text{loss}}\); O—the best solutions, +—data.  
A unique Pareto optimal solution was found at \(T_{d}\) = 54 \({}^{\circ}\)C and \(v_{d}\) = 1.0 m/s--for the strategy in which the lower losses of TAC, TFC and A are most important at the accepted EC value, resulting in 36.8%, 9.4%, 39.0%, 434.9 MJ/kg, 37.1%, 38.3 for TACloss, TFClass, Aloss, EC, TPCloss, and CD, respectively.  
The next unique Pareto optimal solution was found at \(T_{d}\) = 59.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C and \(v_{d}\) = 0.52 m/s--for the strategy in which, the lower losses of TPC and TFC are important at accepted EC values, resulting in 44.0%, 28.3%, 47.7%, 349.1 MJ/kg, 29.0%, 36.8 for TACloss, TFClass, Aloss, EC, TPCloss, and CD respectively.  
The results of this research are essential for the improvement in the industrial dehydration of _E. amoenum_ petals to maintain their high content of bioactive compounds with low energy consumption and low colour change.  
Conceptualization, F.N. and K.G.; methodology, F.N., K.G. and R.W.; software and validation, K.G. and R.W.; formal analysis and investigation, F.N., K.G. and R.W.; resources, F.N.; writing--original draft preparation, F.N., K.G. and R.W.; writing--review and editing, K.G.; visualization, K.G.; supervision, K.G. and R.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
_Appl. Sci._**2020**, _10_, 8387  
**Figure A1.** The impact of \(T_{d}\) and \(v_{a}\) on: (**a**) EC, (**b**) CD, and quality parameters (**c**) A\({}_{\text{loss}}\), (**d**) TAC\({}_{\text{loss}}\), (**e**) TFC\({}_{\text{loss}}\), (**f**) TPC\({}_{\text{loss}}\) of the _Echium oneenum_ petals.