# Conductive Textiles for Signal Sensing and Technical Applications
## 2 Materials Used to Impart Conductivity on Textiles
### Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
#### 3.1.3 Electrochemical Deposition  
The electrochemical deposition, or the electrodeposition process, is used to deposit (composite/single) thick, stiff coats of conductive materials onto textiles, especially metal particles, with the help of an electric field [179]. In this process, metal ions turn into solid metal and deposit on the cathode surface [180]. Electrochemical deposition has become so popular due to its versatile application for the deposition of different kinds of materials such as metal, metal alloys, composites, nanocoatings [181], ceramic and organo-ceramic materials [182], semiconductors (chalcogenide and oxides) [183], nanocrystalline and nanophase metallic materials [184], graphene-reinforced metal matrices [185], intrinsic conductive polymers (PANI, PPy, PEDOT, PEDOT: PSS) [186], carbon-based materials and their composites (CNTs, graphene, carbon/metal) [187], MnO\({}_{2}\)-carbon-based materials [188], metal oxides [189], and so on.  
Nickel was electrochemically deposited on linen and nylon fabric to produce wearable radar-visible fabrics. Electrodeposition assembly consisted of an electrolyte (nickel sulphate hexahydrate, nickel chloride, Boric acid) cathode and anode. The fabric was connected to the cathode by a platinum strip, and another platinum strip was used as an anode. Electrochemical deposition was done at 4 V for 15 min [190]. The Box-Behnken technique of electrolessing plating of nickel is reported [191]; they noticed that the deposition amount depended on the time and current applied, and Ni was electrodeposited on the Cu nanowires network to produce a transparent conductive film [192]. A process of targeted electrochemical deposition to produce microelectromechanical devices by employing a non-conductive mask between the anode and cathode and regulating the electrolyte with a pump was proposed [193]. Electroless plating on stretchable fabric aids in electrochemical deposition by providing conductivity to the fabric. Later, the electrochemical deposition of metal on every fiber with conductive material makes the fabric stable and provides optimum conductivity [194]. A simple one-step electrochemical deposition method to produce a metal-organic framework and PPy composite capacitor electrode with the help of dopamine with better conductivity than a virgin metal-organic framework was presented [195]. MnO\({}_{2}\)-deposited capacitors have low electrical conductivity and have been investigated in many ways to increase this. MnO\({}_{2}\) is electrochemically deposited on CNTs to produce pseudo-capacitors [196]. The electrochemical deposition of MnO\({}_{2}\) and PPy composite on carbon cloth produced a flexible electrode for supercapacitors with a capacitance of 325 Fg\({}^{-1}\) and MnO\({}_{2}\)-coated CNTs deposited on flexible graphene nanosheets produced electrodes for supercapacitors with a capacitance of 442.9 F/g [197]. MnO\({}_{2}\) deposited on activated carbon paper improves its capacitance (485.4 F/g) [198]. [PERSON] et al. prepared a flexible photo sensor that deposits ZnO on Ni-Cu-Ni-coated PET fabric and copper deposited on silane molecules, which were polymerized with 2-(methacryloloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride (METAC)-coated recycled PET nanofibers [199]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a method of electrochemical deposition with the help of Hydrogen Evolution that improves the speed of copper coating and is directly fused to the wearable fabric, which eliminates the soldering machine [200].