# The Role of Fermented Vegetables as a Sustainable and Health-Promoting Nutritional Resource
## 4 Health Benefits of Fermented Vegetables and Probiotics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fermented** & **Properties** & **Outcomes** & **Reference** \\ \hline Kimchi & Anti-cholesterol and microbial effects & Reduces body fat, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and IL-6 levels. & \\  & & Increases SCFA-producer bacteria (_Faecalibacteriumium_, _Roseburia_, and & [294] \\  & & _Phascaloctobacterium_). Reduces pathobionts (_Escherichia_ and _Clostridium_). & [295] \\ \hline Kimchi & Hypolipidemic effect & Decreases obesity and insulin resistance by means of changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. & [295] \\ \hline Kimchi & Anti-inflammatory and microbial effects & Alleviates IBS symptoms. & \\  & & Changes Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio and increases bifidobacteria levels. & [296] \\  & & Reduces inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). & \\ \hline Kimchi (beachu and radish) & Anti-obesity effects & Beachu: Lower risk of obesity in men. & \\  & & Radish: Consumption is inversely associated with obesity in men & [297] \\  & & and women. & \\ \hline Idli batter & Anti-cardiovascular and antioxidant effects & Inhibition of the formation of biofilm by _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_. & [298] \\ \hline Idli batter & Antioxidant and microbial effects & Antioxidant properties. & \\ \hline Natto & Hypolipidemic effect & Increases glucose uptake into adipocytes. & [300] \\ \hline Sauerkraut & Anti-inflammatory and microbial effects & Reduces IBS symptoms. & \\  & & Changes GM composition (increased _Prevotella_ and _Bacteroides_, and & [301] \\  & & decreased _Blautia_). & \\ \hline Chinese & Anticancerous effects & Cytotoxic activities against Hela, MCF-7, and BT474 cell lines related to & [302] \\ sauerkraut & Anticancerous effects & Cervical and breast cancer. & \\ \hline Ganjangs & Anticancerous effects & Prevents AOM/DSS-induced colon damage and suppresses the carcinogens by nullifying the expression of TNF-\(\alpha\), IFN-\(\gamma\), IL-6, IL-17\(\alpha\), COX-2, and iNOS. & [303] \\  & & Induces the expression of tumor suppressor gene \(p53\). & \\ \hline Chungkookjang & Dyslipidemia and anti-atherosclerosis & Chungkookjang significantly improved the lipid profiles and & \\  & & high-sensitivity CRP of women. The atherogenic indices of & \\  & & apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 decreased in both the placebo and & [304] \\  & & the intervention groups. & \\  & & Chungkookjang may improve body composition and risk factors for & \\  & & cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese adults. & \\ \hline Faba bean & Antihypertensive and & Improves metabolic syndrome & [305] \\  & & antioxidant effects & \\ \hline Axone, & Immunomodulation & DNA repair. Inhibition of biofilm formation, and anti-virulence & [306] \\  & and microbial effects & microbial factors. & \\ \hline Tempeh & Insulinotropic effect & Increases insulin response, arginine levels, and acyl-ghrelin. & [307] \\ \hline Pozha & Antimicrobial effects & Increases the expression of genetic regions coding for bacteriocins. & [308] \\ \hline Nozawana & Antimicrobial effects & Increases butyrate-producing bacteria (_Prevotella_), _Lachospira_, and & [309] \\  & & members of the family _Ruminococcae_. & \\ \hline Cabbage and & Antimicrobial effects & Beneficial changes in GM composition. & \\  & & Decreases _Ruminococcus torques_ and increases _Faecalibacterium prausnitzii_. & [310] \\ \hline [PERSON] & Antidiabetic effects & Improves high blood glucose, lipid profile, and hypertension in type 2 & \\  & & diabetic patients. & \\  & & Increases the concentration of HDL-cholesterol. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._The intake of fermented vegetables has been linked to various health benefits as a result of their bioactive compounds generated during the fermentation process and the activity of probiotic bacteria present, although the precise mechanisms underlying the health benefits of probiotics remain incompletely understood.