## 2 Results
### Gene Expression Levels of AsA Biosynthetic Pathways Concerning Tissue Development
In leaves, gene expression was evaluated in response to soybean mosaic virus (SMV), _Plakopsora pachynhizi_, and spider mite (Figure 8; Supplementary Table S7), while the roots were analyzed in response to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), aphids (SBA), and _Fusarium virguliforme_ (Figure 9; Supplementary Table S7). Figure 8: Heatmaps of log2 fold change values showing the differential expression of AsA biosynthesis genes from D-mannose/L-galactose, L-glucose, D-galacturonate, and Myo-inositol pathways in leaves  
of _G. max_ under biotic stresses. Yellow and blue colors represent gene expression levels that are high and low, respectively. Leaves under SMV [in resistant (L29) and susceptible (Williams82) soybean cultivars]; _Phakopson pachyrhizzi_ [in two genotypes, BRS184 (susceptible) and NIL (Rpp3) (resistant)]; and spider mite (+/ - insecticides: thiamethoxam and imidalcoprid) and insecticides. For leaves under SMV, the data represent values of log2 fold change with the first time point (0 h), while for leaves under _P. pachyrhizzi_ and spider mites/insecticides, the log2 fold change was calculated about the mock. Statistical analyses are shown in Supplementary Table S7. Figure 9: Heatmaps of log2 fold change values showing the expression level of genes from D-mannose/L-galactose, L-glucose, D-galacturonate, and Myo-inositol pathways in the root of _G. max_ subjected to biotic stresses. Yellow and blue colors represent gene expression levels that are high and low, respectively. Roots infected with aphid and SCN (together and apart) in two genotypes: PI518671 (SCN- and SBA-susceptible) and MN1806 CN (SCN-resistant and SBA-susceptible) and _F. virguliforme_. The log2 fold change was obtained concerning the mock with the same time point of the treatment. Statistical analyses are shown in Supplementary Table S7. Leaves of cultivars with contrasting responses to SMV, L29 (resistant), and Williams 82 (susceptible) revealed a similar up- and downregulation of genes, with peculiar differences in the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway (Figure 8). The transcript levels of GMP_alpha_A, B, and C, as well as _GalLDH_1b_, increase mainly at 6 and 8 hpi, which would activate the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway in the leaves of both cultivars; however, specific mRNA accumulation of _GMP_2a_, _GalDH_1a_, and _1b_, and _GalLDH_1a_ in the L29 cultivar (resistant) could support higher plasticity in AsA biosynthesis through this pathway than in the Williams 82 (susceptible) cultivar. Similarly, the increased transcript levels of genes associated with the L-glucose (_GulLO_1b_), D-galacturonate (_GalUR_4 and 5_), and Myo-inositol (_MIOX_2a_ and _2b_) pathways also indicate that these pathways could be activated in both cultivars during SMV infection. _Phakopsora pachyrhizi_ infection was also investigated in two contrasting genotypes, BRS184 (susceptible) and NIL (Rpp3) (resistant), and revealed some similarities with the gene expression pattern in response to SMV. The resistant genotype showed a higher number of upregulated genes (_GMP_alpha_A_, \(B\), and C_) of the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway than the susceptible genotype (_GMP_alpha_A_). Among the genes of other pathways, although both genotypes showed similar mRNA levels of _GalUR_1_, 2, and 5 from the D-galacturonate pathway, they differed in the other two pathways, with increased mRNA levels of _GulLO_1f_ and 3 from the L-glucose pathway in the case of the resistant genotype and _MIOX_1b_ and _2b_ from the Myo-inositol pathway in the susceptible genotype.