## 2 Methodology
### Data Analysis  
Based on the collections of crowd data and soundscape data, the software SPSS [69] was used to analyze the relationship between crowd density and the soundscape in two typical commercial pedestrian streets. First, the distribution of the samples was analyzed. The values of skewness (<1), kurtosis (<1) and variance for the samples are shown in Table 3. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used to analyze the normality of the data, indicating that all p values are more than 0.05. Therefore, all samples followed the normal distribution [68]. Second, Pearson correlation was used to calculate the relationship between crowd density and the number of talkers, the relationship between crowd density and sound environment (sound pressure level and loudness), and the relationship between \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number/Percentage**} \\ \hline
**Commercial Pedestrian Street** & **Kuan Alley** & **Central Avenue** \\ \hline Survey season & Winter & 3030 (100\%) & 1130 (53.2\%) \\  & Summer & - & 993 (46.8\%) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Commercial function} & Di & 966 (31.9\%) & - \\  & Sp & 1024 (33.8\%) & 2123 (100\%) \\  & Pe & 1040 (34.3\%) & - \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Gender} & Male & 1231 (40.6\%) & 833 (39.2\%) \\  & Female & 1799 (59.4\%) & 1290 (60.8\%) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Identity} & Tourist & 2272 (75.0\%) & 1179 (55.5\%) \\  & Resident & 758 (25.0\%) & 944 (44.5\%) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Age} & 18–30 years & 1256 (41.5\%) & 952 (44.8\%) \\  & 31–45 years & 1031 (34.0\%) & 755 (35.6\%) \\  & 46–55 years & 743 (24.5\%) & 416 (19.6\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Total} & 3030 (100\%) & 2123 (100\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The fundamentals of the state of the investigation population. crowd density and acoustic comfort, whilst considering the difference of shop openness, season and commercial function (Table 4); a \(t\)-test at \(p<0.01\) and \(p<0.05\) was used to test for significant differences. Additionally, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant differences between the two shop openness values, two seasons, and three commercial functional zones. The linear and nonlinear regression analyses were used to establish the regression equations of crowd density and the number of talkers, crowd density and sound environment, and crowd density and acoustic comfort. Figure 6 shows the relationship between crowd density and the number of talkers, taking the Di zone as an example, along with the corresponding regression curves, the coefficient of determination \(R^{2}\), and \(p<0.001\). Different regression curves, including linear, quadratic and cubic, were used to determine the best fit to show the relationship between crowd density and the number of talkers, as measured by the value of the coefficient of determination \(R^{2}\) and statistically significant differences. The value of \(R^{2}\) with quadratic regression in the Di zone is highest; however, the value of \(p\) is higher than 0.1. The linear regression for the Di zone is better than the cubic regression, with the value of \(R^{2}=0.727\) and with \(p<0.001\). Thus, this linear regression is used to explain the relationship between crowd density and the number of talkers.