## 1 Introduction
### Metodology of Seismic Analysis  
The seismic analysis of structures involves both linear and nonlinear methods, and these have been incorporated into the latest European and US seismic design codes. Some of these methods include non-linear dynamic time-history analysis, the N2 non-linear static method (Eurocode 8 [15]), the non-linear static procedure NSP (FEMA 356 [16]), and the improved capacity spectrum method CSM (FEMA 440 [17]). FEMA Report 356 [16] presents performance-based engineering methods that rely on nonlinear static analysis procedures to predict structural demands. This procedure involves generating a \"pushover\" curve to predict the inelastic force-deformation behavior of the structure, which is used to calculate the inelastic displacement demand for a given ground motion. The report also uses the Coefficient Method to calculate the displacement demand by modifying elastic predictions of the displacement demand. The primary goal of the report [17] is to evaluate and improve the nonlinear static procedures (NPS) contained in FEMA 356 [16] and the Applied Technology Council ATC-40 report [18]. It also aims to provide a guide concerning when and how each methodology should be used to avoid conflicting answers. Among these methods, the N2 method [19] is widely used in structural engineering for seismic design and assessment. It is outlined in Eurocode 8 [15] and is commonly employed for performance-based seismic design. The key advantage of the N2 method lies in its use of the relationship between the base shear force and the roof displacement of a structure during an earthquake to create a capacity curve. This curve is simplified into two linear segments: an initial elastic segment and a subsequent plastic segment, transforming it into an equivalent Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) system. In the N2 method, the target displacement, representing the expected maximum displacement during an earthquake, is determined using the response spectrum of the equivalent SDOF system. Finally, this target displacement is compared to the capacity curve to evaluate the performance of the structure and assess whether it can withstand expected seismic forces without significant damage. All numerical models are typically expected to have a degree of uncertainty [20; 21]. Modern construction presents challenges for builders today, not only in constructing bridges with varied structures but also in building tall and very tall buildings. Buildings can have irregular shapes due to architectural vision, seen through architectural design, structural elements, and various forms of irregularity. These irregularities could include asymmetrical facades, structural irregularities, irregular floor plans, irregular building shapes and materials, irregular historical buildings, the adaptive reuse of irregular buildings, irregular building codes or zoning regulations, natural irregularities, building maintenance irregularities, and buildings with irregular heights or setbacks. Addressing these irregularities often requires interdisciplinary collaboration among architects, engineers, contractors, and regulatory agencies. Despite the challenges they may pose, irregularities in buildings contribute to the diversity and character of architectural landscapes, reflecting the creativity and adaptability of human design. Earthquakes are dangerous and destructive natural events that can cause significant material and human losses, especially for these types of irregular structures. However, advances in science and technology are contributing to predicting and minimizing their impact, and protecting societies from harm. It is essential to design and construct structures that can withstand earthquakes, and new technologies and regulations such as Eurocode 8 [15] can help achieve this goal. Besides earthquakes, similar phenomena caused by factors such as traffic and mineral resource extraction, like coal and copper ore, can also cause tremors.