# Audio, Image, Video, and Weather Datasets for Continuous Electronic Beehive Monitoring
## 5 Weather Datasets  
There have been numerous investigations of correlating honeybee behavior with weather (e.g., [12; 35; 36; 37]). In 2020, we started investigating possible correlations between audio and video bee traffic features and weather [38]. We curated our first dataset, which we called BEEPI_WEATHER1, to investigate possible correlations between bee audio and traffic patterns and different weather variables. To create BEEPI_WEATHER1, we used the publicly available data from the Utah Climate Center (UCC) [39]. The UCC has a weather station on the Utah State University (USU) campus in Logan, UT, which is located \(\approx\)3 km east of the apiary in Logan, UT where 4-5 BeeP1 monitors have been regularly deployed since 2018. This weather station collects weather data every hour for educational and research purposes. The station measures 43 different weather and climate variables [40], of which we chose 21 variables such as relative humidity, evapotranspiration, solar radiation, precipitation, air temperature, wind speed, etc. We took the measurements of these variables from March 2018 to July 2019 and aligned them with the video bee traffic measurements obtained with BeePIV [11] from the videos recorded by deployed BeePi monitors. Our preliminary experiments (See Figures 10 and 11) indicate that there may be a negative correlation between the concentration CO\({}_{2}\) in the air and forager traffic as measured by the omnidirectional bee motion counts computed by BeePIV. Each of the four graphs show that as CO\({}_{2}\) concentration decreases, forager traffic increases and that smaller changes in CO\({}_{2}\) concentration appears to have no impact forager traffic. The correlation value between CO\({}_{2}\) concentration and bee motion traffic for the majority of days in June and July 2018 is \(\approx\)\(-\)0.60. We also investigated the impact of net radiation on forager traffic. Net radiation is the balance between the amount of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's surface and the amount of radiation reflected back from the Earth [41]. Net radiation estimates the total energy available at the Earth's surface. Different places on the surface of the Earth absorb different amounts of solar radiation. Figure 9: Incoming and outgoing bee motion count curves for two hives in Logan, UT. While we observed some positive correlation (0.60 and above) between net radiation and forager traffic on several individual days (See Figure 12) the distribution of correlation values for the entire months of June and July 2018 had a median value of 0.40, which indicates that there may not be a strong correlation between net radiation and forager traffic in these two months. While curating BEEPI_WEATHER1, we had many informal discussions with several researchers at the UCC, which convinced us that we should build our own weather station to monitor the local weather conditions at each api  
Figure 11: Alignment of CO\({}_{2}\) measurements from USU UCC weather station with BeePIV motion counts from videos from BeePi monitor 2 in Logan, UT. Figure 12: Alignment of net radiation measurements from USU UCC weather station with BeePIV motion counts from videos from BeePi monitor 1 in Logan, UT. Figure 10: Alignment of CO\({}_{2}\) measurements from USU UCC weather station with BeePIV motion counts from videos from BeePi monitor 1 in Logan, UT. speed, net radiation, and \(C0_{2}\) concentration may vary from neighborhood to neighborhood. In 2020, we designed and built the first version BeePiW, a multi-sensor weather station and deployed it at a private apiary in Logan, UT. BeePiW has seven sensors: (1) a temperature sensor to measure ambient temperature; (2) a barometer to measure atmospheric pressure (3) a humidity sensor to measure relative humidity; (4) an anemometer to measure wind speed and direction; (5) a rain sensor to measure rainfall; (6) a pyroanometer to measure solar irradiance; (7) an electromagnetic field sensor to measure electro-magnetic frequencies, radio frequencies, and electric fields.