# Enhancing Space Management through Digital Twin: A Case Study of the Lazio Region Headquarters
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methodology
#### 2.1.2 Optimizing Space Management through Data Analysis (Statistics)  
Phase 2  
The data analytics platform was selected for its versatility and potential, particularly in terms of the accessibility of the no-code/low-code approach, which facilitates rapid and efficient processing. The pre-programmed nodes [64] guarantee direct integration with business intelligence tools such as Microsoft PowerBI 2.132 [65], simplifying data analysis and minimizing the difficulties associated with learning programming languages such as Python [66]. The Microsoft PowerBI Service, in its PRO and PLUS paid versions, provides users with the option of accessing dashboards from both laptops and mobile devices, thereby enhancing the data visualization experience. Furthermore, the platform enables users to tailor their profiles and configure automated email alerts, which represents an initial step towards the exploration of prescriptive analytics. The use of Microsoft PowerBI to create structured dashboards in conjunction with BLogic srl's Vcad 1.4.3 application, which integrates BIM modelling, significantly enhances the transparency and comprehension of information. The automatic alerting capabilities, implemented via Microsoft's WebAPP PowerBI Service, send notifications based on specific key performance indicators (KPIs) and introduce the use of prescriptive analytics on an experimental basis (Figure 5). In a modern working environment that adopts hot desktop systems [67], each employee is required to book his or her own workspace through a web app [68], based on various criteria such as the location and the specific area of the building in which he or she will be working [69], provided that he or she has the permissions to work in more than one location. This reservation system makes space management flexible and dynamic [70], adapting to the day-to-day needs of the organization and its staff [71]. On the other hand, employees who have a fixed, permanently assigned workstation enjoy simplified management of their workspace. They do not need to use the web app for daily bookings and can benefit from a constant and predictable working environment (Figure 6). However, even in this scenario, it is crucial that the space management system monitors fixed assignments to ensure efficient maintenance and the optimized use of available resources [72]. This integrated approach ensures that both flexibility and stability requirements are effectively managed within the same working environment. The process of downloading data from the booking web app is initiated by exporting the information to files in the.csv format (Figure 7). This method allows the data to be stored in a structured manner, which facilitates subsequent analysis and processing. The.csv file is compatible with a wide range of data analysis tools and management software, allowing users to easily access the collected information and manipulate it according to the specific needs of their work or desired analysis (Figure 8). The data collected via the web app were meticulously cleaned and processed using the Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) platform, thus enabling in-depth analysis in order to detect any repeatable and predictable behavioral patterns. To enhance the analytical process, the KNIME workflow was augmented with supplementary datasets, thereby facilitating a more comprehensive and detailed understanding:  
- A dataset of Italian holidays up to the year 2100 (Figure 9);  
- Maximum capacity of each floor of the building;  
- Detailed links between location codes, floors, and tenants. This integration introduced additional analytical variables into the model, such as seasons and holidays, both one-day and two-day, greatly increasing the system's analysis and forecasting capabilities. The use of advanced predictive analysis techniques made it possible not only to interpret the general data, but also to analyze the outputs in detail for each plan and each tenant [73].