## 2 Environmental Policies and Waste Management Methods: Case Study of South Korea
### Waste Management Regulations and Environmental Policies in South Korea  
Currently, the regulatory regime for environmental protection in South Korea consists of legislative acts, executive decrees, ministerial decrees and regulatory acts related to the general environment, including:  
1. Nature conservation. 2. Preservation of air quality. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Tier** & **Characteristics (Advantages and Disadvantages)** \\ \hline Tier 1 Evaluation & \(-\) & Allows for a quick but conservative assessment. \\  & \(-\) & Lower cost. \\  & \(-\) & Minimum site data required. \\  & \(-\) & Assumptions about the fate and transfer of pollutants and exposure are developed using conservative assumptions that are not specific to the sites provided by the EPA. Values are presented in “look-up tables,” which provide a quick and easy means of assessing risk. These values are designed for protection in a wide range of conditions and situations and are very conservative in design. \\ \hline Tier 2 Evaluation & \(-\) & Represents a higher level of difficulty. \\ Tier 3 Evaluation & \(-\) & Moderate cost. \\ Tier 4 Evaluation & \(-\) & Provides the ability to enter some site-specific \\ Tier 5 Evaluation & \(-\) & data into a risk assessment and, thus, provide a more accurate picture of the site’s risk. \\  & \(-\) & Uses relatively simplified \\  & \(-\) & fate-and-transport models. \\ \hline Tier 3 Evaluation & \(-\) & Provides a sophisticated risk assessment. \\ Tier 5 Evaluation & \(-\) & Higher cost. \\  & \(-\) & Allows for the maximum use of specific site \\ Tier 6 Evaluation & \(-\) & data and, thus, provides the most accurate \\  & \(-\) & picture of the risk of the site. \\  & \(-\) & Uses more sophisticated fate-and transport \\  & \(-\) & models and analysis. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Three-tiered approach for assessing the risk of waste treatment projects. Preservation of water quality. * Water supply/Sewer management system. * Recycling/Waste recycling. * Green growth. The basic framework is laid in the Framework Act on Environmental Policy (FAEP), which contains the main objectives of environmental policy, including pollution prevention and natural resource management for sustainable use. To create such a sustainable waste management system, Korea went through many regulatory improvements and discoveries, which are presented below [23; 24; 25; 26; 27]. In 1995, a volume-based waste disposal system was introduced, which is a waste containment system that uses the principle of payment for emissions. This system, which is representative of market incentives in Korea, represents a shift from the old system in which a fixed fee was charged regardless of the volume of waste disposed, to a system in which a proportional charge is applied to the volume discharged. As reported, this provides an incentive to reduce discharge and increase processing. In addition, a Promotion of Installation of Waste Facilities and Assistance Law was issued in 1995 to related areas in order to prevent the NIMBY phenomenon (not in my backyard) due to the installation of incinerators, and also to help resolve social conflicts through means such as relief projects for affected communities [28]. In the 2000s, the foundation was created for a society of resource recycling. According to this master plan, the waste was not just recycled, but recycled as a resource. Korea is currently pursuing a \"Zero Waste\" policy that seeks to use waste as a source of resource, in addition to minimizing waste generation, which was emphasized by the authors of [29]. Since the late 2000s, a reduction in greenhouse gases has been necessary due to the rapid increase in prices for resources and energy, as well as global warming. Therefore, the government emphasized the need to restore resources and energy from waste.