## 3 Sample, Dataset and Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Key Financial Data, as at** **31.12.2021** & **C.1** & **C.2** & **C.3** & **C.4** & **C.5** & **C.6** & **C.7** & **C.8** & **C.9** & **C.10** & **C.11** & **C.12** \\ \hline Prodt before tax [in PLN million] & 211 & \(-\)614 & \(-\)285 & \(-\)286 & 1110 & 317 & 1880 & \(-\)1006 & 1725 & 1912 & \(-\)4 & 609 \\ \hline Net profit [in PLN million] & 233 & \(-\)599 & \(-\)307 & \(-\)311 & 733 & 172 & 1037 & \(-\)2561 & 1102 & 1337 & \(-\)9 & 104 \\ \hline Total assets [in PLN million] & 97,323 & 49,900 & 20,505 & 78,642 & 119,577 & 60,941 & 229,311 & 376,966 & 233,217 & 186,996 & 9169 & 178,872 \\ \hline Total equity [in PLN million] & 9091 & 2004 & 1913 & 6599 & 12,030 & 7800 & 28,657 & 39,911 & 25,483 & 18,618 & 633 & 16,675 \\ \hline Total capital adequacy ratio [\%] & 95,870 & 8,675 & 148,657 & 15,857 & 18,657 & 22,50\% & 20,04\% & 18,18 & 19,20\% & 19,52\% & 185 & 19,90\% \\ \hline Net [in PLN million] & 8499 & 2665 & 1889 & 6,645 & 11,486 & 600 & 24,353 & 38,816 & 23,769 & 14,913 & 623 & 15,50\% \\ \hline Net [out] & 16.50\% & 7.40\% & 13.09\% & 13.55\% & 13.55\% & 22.50\% & 18.01\% & 16.90\% & 17.20\% & 16.91\% & 15.40\% & 17.00\% \\ \hline ROR [\%] & 0.20\% & \(-\)21.10\% & \(-\)14.92\% & \(-\)4.70\% & 6.30\% & 2.40\% & 4.40\% & \(-\)6.00\% & 4.80\% & 0.070\% & \(-\)1.50\% & 0.60\% \\ \hline Logal risk adjustments—on calculations & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Cost of the legal risk of CHF loans & \(-\)713 & \(-\)121 & \(-\)353 & \(-\)03 & \(-\)168 & N/D & \(-\)396 & \(-\)652 & \(-\)436.1 & \(-\)270.3 & N/D & \(-\)1021 \\ \hline Net profit-adjusted, excluding logal risk provision & 709 & \(-\)599 & 25 & \(-\)311 & 901 & 185 & 1238 & 3,200 & 1479 & 1338 & \(-\)9 & 1125 \\ \hline ROR\(-\)adjusted & 7.80\% & \(-\)21.10\% & 1.21\% & \(-\)4.70\% & 7.24\% & 2.88\% & 5.25\% & 7.10\% & 6.0\% & 9.40\% & \(-\)1.50\% & 6.75\% \\ \hline Credit risk rating & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline NIM & 2.6\% & 2.2\% & 1.9\% & 3.9\% & 2.5\% & 1.6\% & 2.9\% & 3.0\% & 2.5\% & 2.6\% & 2.6\% & 2.8\% \\ \hline SdP & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Moody’s & Bas1 & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Fitch & BBB– & CCC+ & BB– & BB & A- & 88B+ & & BBB+ & A+ & & BBB– \\ Euororating & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline ESC ratings & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline FIRST based & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline MSCI & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Sustainality* & 27.4 & & 19.9 & & 24.16 & 22.25 & 25.7 & 26.9 & 22.57 & & 15.9 \\ VE. & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Business model & universal & universal & universal & universal & universal & universal & universal & universal & retail & universal \\ \hline Major shurchholder’s & foreign & domestic & domestic & domestic & foreign & foreign & domestic & domestic & foreign & domestic & foreign & domestic & foreign \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._In the analysed period, one of the most significant factors having impact on the Polish banks' results was the cost of provisions for legal risk associated with mortgage loans indexed or denominated in convertible currencies (CHF in practice). This risk refers to pending or potential court proceedings to determine the invalidity of the above-mentioned loan agreements, mostly in the light of the CJEU rulings. Due to its material impact on the results and uncertainties accompanying the provisions' calculations, including unknown future judgments of Polish courts, the authors decided to present chosen financial results excluding the costs (see Table 2). As a first step in performing the comparative analysis of the banks, the structural differentiation of the concerned banks is analysed using a numerical technique called cluster analysis, in which the objects are grouped into meaningful and relatively homogeneous classes. In the literature, there may be found various cluster definitions (for instance provided by [PERSON] and [PERSON] 2004 or [PERSON] et al. 2011). According to ([PERSON] et al.