# Innovating Statistics Education: The Design of a Novel App Using Design Thinking
## 4 EstApp Design Process
### Test Phase: Activities and Results  
During the Test stage and to identify areas for improvement in \"EstApp\", we conducted a user test with undergraduate students who have taken at least one statistics course. The test consisted of 25 questions, divided into 7 demographic questions, 3 open-ended questions for 4 scenarios (Question 1: Do you understand the functionality presented in the wireframes? ; Question 2: Regarding the graphs shown, do you understand the information displayed? ; and Question 3: Which elements did you find confusing?) and a final questionnaire to assess the students' perceptions and experiences. The demographic questions aimed to identify the participants and their level of knowledge in statistics along with the educational support tools they had previously used. For the scenarios, we used the high-fidelity wireframes designed in the previous Prototyping stage, evaluating the following functionalities: (1) Probability Calculator; (2) Data Generator; (3) Data Visualizer: Histogram; and (4) Data Visualizer: Boxplot. The test was conducted in person at the facilities of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso with the help of Google Forms. A total of 17 students participated. Of the participants, 88.3% were students of statistical engineering and 11.8% were from the mathematics area. Most of the students who participated in the test were in their 6 th semester (35.3%) and 9 th semester (23.5%). Of these students, the majority (87.5%) had taken at least two statistics courses. To learn about the educational support tools the students used inside and outside of class, a question was included with some of the options obtained from benchmarking and other known platforms (see Section 4, Section 4.1). The most used support tools by the students were Wolfram Alpha (94.1%) and Geogebra (88.2%), followed by Kahoot (41.2%) and Rpubs (23.5%), while Brilliant and Mentimeter were not used. In \"Scenario 1: Probability Calculator\" (see Appendix D, Figure A3), 94.1% of the students clearly understood how to enter the necessary parameters and how to interpret the resulting graph from a binomial distribution. Only 5.9% showed limited understanding. Additionally, 64.7% found no confusing elements in the interface, 11.8% mentioned the lack of textual definitions for the variables, and another 11.8% expressed confusion related to the colors and graphical presentation. For \"Scenario 2: Data Generator\" (see Appendix D, Figure A4), 82.4% of the students had a positive opinion about the design, navigation, and terminology. However, 29.4% suggested specific improvements, such as restructuring the probability presentation and reducing the excessive use of the color blue in the design. Regarding understanding the experiment, 81.25% of the students understood how to perform it, while 18.75% had doubts and suggestions about the presentation of results and parameters. A total of 46.7% had issues with the presentation of results and navigation for setting parameters. In \"Scenario 3: Data Visualizer: Histogram\" (see Appendix D, Figure A5), 82.4% of the students had a positive opinion about the design and navigation, highlighting the clarity and ease of use. In total, 23.5% suggested specific improvements, such as adding more colors and better explanations of certain functionalities. A total of 17.6% were confused about the histogram functionality, and while 56.3% found no confusing elements, 43.8% mentioned problems with the interface and data presentation. Finally, in \"Scenario 4: Data Visualizer: Boxplot\" (see Appendix D, Figure A6), all students understood the functionality and the information presented. In total, 91.7% found no confusing elements, while only 8.3% suggested improvements to enhance interface comfort and clarify additional terminology. The overall perception of the students with the application was mostly positive, showing that most of them correctly understood the functionalities displayed during the test and how to interact with the application.