esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 5 Performance Analysis of C-GFB
### Orbit Simulation for Journal  
The orbit simulation seeks to predict the journal trajectory when the journal rotates in the bearing, by solving the journal dynamic motions, top foil deflections, and unsteady compressible Reynolds equation simultaneously.  
The equation of the radial motion of the journal in the \(X\), \(Y\) coordinate system is expressed as  
\[\begin{array}{c}\frac{d^{2}c_{X}}{dt^{2}}=\frac{1}{m_{r}Cu^{2}}\left(\frac{m_ {r}u_{lim}\omega^{2}}\cos\omega t+F_{X}+m_{r}g\right)\\ \frac{d^{2}c_{Y}}{dt^{2}}=\frac{1}{m_{r}Cu^{2}}\left(m_{r}u_{lim}\omega^{2}\sin \omega t+F_{Y}\right)\end{array} \tag{9}\]  
where \(\tau=\omega t\), \(m_{r}\) is the journal mass, \(u_{lim}\) is the imbalance radius, \(\omega\) is the rotational speed, and \(g\) is the gravity constant. \(F_{X}\) and \(F_{Y}\) are dynamic bearing reaction forces caused by the gas-film pressure, which is calculated from the unsteady compressible Reynolds equation with the top foil deflections at each time step. The reaction forces are computed by integrating the gas-film pressure of the fluid film (\(p\)) over the bearing surface. These are as follows:  
\[\begin{array}{c}F_{X}=-\int_{-\frac{1}{2}l_{b}}^{\frac{1}{2}l_{b}}\int_{0}^{ \theta}(p-p_{a})cos\theta d\theta dZ\\ F_{Y}=-\int_{-\frac{1}{2}l_{b}}^{\frac{1}{2}l_{b}}\int_{0}^{\theta}(p-p_{a}) sin\theta d\theta dZ\end{array} \tag{10}\]  
where \(p_{a}\) is the ambient pressure. \(Z=\pm\frac{1}{2}l_{b}\) represents the two axial ends of the bearing.  
The synchronous excitation of the journal is omitted in the initial computational process when searching for an equilibrium position. That is, the imbalance mass and radius are set to zero as the journal center position converges to what is regarded as the equilibrium position of the journal. After the equilibrium position is defined, the imbalance is set to a certain value to excite the journal with the synchronous frequency. This excitation force causes the journal to form orbits around its equilibrium position.  
The detailed computational procedure for the static analysis is described in Ref. [15] and for the orbit simulation in Ref. [23]. Most of the computational procedure for the static analysis in this study, except for the gas-film and structural stiffness definition, is based on [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s work [15]; the in-house simulation code is used for the numerical calculations.  
Figure 7: Predicted structural stiffness function (\(k(\theta)\)) versus circumferential coordinate, with respect to constant value related to function smoothness.
## 3 Phytocannibinoids: Polyfunctional Molecules Promising to Develop Novel Antibiotics
### Antimicrobial Cannabinoids
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compounds** & **Pathogens** & **MIC * (\(\mu\)g/mL)** & **Ref.** & **Comments** \\ \hline  & EMRSA & 2 & & \\  & _S. aureus_ & 2 & & \\ CBC & _S. aureus_ SA-1199B & 2 & [83] & \\  & _S. aureus_ RN-4220 & 2 & & \\  & _S. aureus_ XU212 & 1 & & \\ \hline CBCA & MRSA USA300 & 2 & [33] & \\ \hline  & _B. subtilis_ & 0.78 & & \\  & _S. aureus_ & N.T. & & \\ CBC isomer (ICBC) & _M. smegmatis_ & 25 & & \\  & _C. albicans_ & 50 & & \\  & _S. cerevisiae_ & N.T. & & \\  & _T. metengrophytes_ & N.T. & & \\ \hline  & _B. subtilis_ & 6.25 & & \\  & _S. aureus_ & 12.5 & & \\ CBC-C\({}_{0}\) & _M. smegmatis_ & 12.5 & & \\  & _C. albicans_ & 50 & & In case of acid compounds: \(\uparrow\) Effects without the carboxylate moiety \\  & _S. cerevisiae_ & 25 & & \\  & _T. mentagrophytes_ & 25 & [87] & \\ \hline  & _B. subtilis_ & 3.12 & & \\  & _S. aureus_ & 3.12 & & \\ CBC-C\({}_{1}\) & _M. smegmatis_ & 3.12 & & \\  & _C. albicans_ & N.T. & & \\  & _S. cerevisiae_ & 6.25 & & \\  & _T. mentagrophytes_ & 6.25 & & \\ \hline  & _B. subtilis_ & 6.25 & & \\  & _S. aureus_ & 12.5 & & \\ ICBC-C\({}_{0}\) & _M. smegmatis_ & 12.5 & & \\  & _C. albicans_ & 12.5 & & \\  & _S. cerevisiae_ & N.T. & & \\  & _T. mentagrophytes_ & 6.25 & & \\ \hline  & _S. aureus_ & & & \\  & EMRSA & & & \\  & _S. aureus_ SA-1199B & 2 & [83] & \(\uparrow\) Effects without the carboxylate moiety \\  & _S. aureus_ RN-4220 & & & \(\downarrow\) Activity on Gram-negative \\  & _S. aureus_ XU212 & & & Non-psychotropic \\ CBDA & _S. epidermidis_ & 4 & & \\  & _S. aureus_ & 2 & & \\  & & _S. aureus_ XU212 & 4 & \\ \hline  & _Streptococcus mutans_ & 2.5 & & Non-psychotropic \\ CBG & _S. sanguis_ & 1 & [88] & \(\downarrow\) Membrane fluidity \\  & _S. sobrinos_ & 5 & & Non-psychotropic \\  & _S. salivarius_ & 5 & & \(\downarrow\) Activity on Gram-negative \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._
Since except for compounds \(\Delta^{11}\)-THC, Abn-CBD, Abn-CBG and CBC derivatives, the other SCs reported in Table 4 and Figure 11 demonstrated insignificant activity against the tested pathogens reported in Table 5 (MICs > 100 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL), they were no longer reported in Table 5.  
The first data we have found concerning the possible antibacterial activity of PCs were reported by [PERSON] and [PERSON] in the year 1976 [PERSON] and [PERSON] in the year 1976 [PERSON] (1976). The authors tested both THC and CBD on _S. aureus_ and some isolates of _Streptococcus_ genus, finding MICs in the range 1-5 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL for both compounds against both species [PERSON] (1976). A weak antifungal activity was reported in the past (years 1981, 1982) only for CBC, some its synthetic
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Instruments for Data Collection  
We used three IMUs (SXT, NexGen Ergonomic, Montreal, QC, Canada). Each IMU integrated tri-axial accelerometers (\(\pm 16\) g range), gyroscopes (\(\pm 2000^{\circ}\)/s range), and magnetometers, sampled at 128 Hz. The three IMUs were synchronized prior to the data collection.  
The IMUs were positioned on the participants' head (behind the right ear), sternum, and low back at the L5/S1 level, as shown in Figure 1. The lower back placement was chosen for its proximity to the body's center of mass and reduced susceptibility to non-postural movements.  
At the beginning of the data collection, the IMU's initial state was collected when participants stood still for 10 s and was referred to as \"Ipose\". Median acceleration values during this pose served as reference points. The accelerations throughout the entire data collection were then subtracted from these median accelerations, as shown in Equation (1):  
\[\begin{split} a_{X}&=a_{\text{raw},X}-\bar{a}_{ \text{ipose},X}\\ a_{Y}&=a_{\text{raw},Y}-\bar{a}_{\text{ipose},Y}\\ a_{Z}&=a_{\text{raw},Z}-\bar{a}_{\text{ipose},Z} \end{split} \tag{1}\]  
where \(a_{X},a_{Y}\), and \(a_{Z}\) are accelerations to be further used, \(a_{\text{raw},X}\), \(a_{\text{raw},Y}\), and \(a_{\text{raw},Z}\) are the raw accelerations, and \(\bar{a}_{\text{ipose},X}\), \(\bar{a}_{\text{ipose},Y}\), and \(\bar{a}_{\text{ipose},Z}\) are the median reference accelerations for each axis.
# Post-Quantum Migration of the Tor Application
## 5 Evaluation
### Results
#### 5.1.2 Cryptography Comparison  
The comparison potentially demonstrates that the optimisation of the X25519 implementation allows constrained devices to execute its KE almost as fast as the ML-KEM-512 standard, while on a 32 GB machine, the post-quantum standard is able to perform at least 50% faster than its classical counterpart. In a similar manner, NTRU (sntrup761) performs much better on the client than it does on the Raspberry Pi. Memory usage should be compared for a deeper analysis. Falcon-512 is the fastest on constrained devices. However,  
Figure 5: sbus upload bandwidth per node.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Duckduckogo** & **Local Webserver** & **Onion Service** & **Request Type** \\ \hline Mean & 262.9 & 136.7 & 174.6 & GET \\ Median & 260.8 & 142.4 & 166.0 & GET \\ Mean & – & 141.8 & 172.6 & POST \\ Median & – & 148.0 & 171.5 & POST \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 9: Performance of web traffic through local Tor network. Total time (ms) per curl.  
it represents a much larger latency on more powerful hardware (e.g., laptops). It should be noted that the architecture here--aarch64 for the Raspberry Pis--should be taken into account; the OpenSSL executable for x86_64, used on the laptop, provided more accurate computations of each operation per scheme.  
In terms of roles, the analysis of results, displayed in Figure 6, reveals distinct functional distributions among Tor nodes, highlighting the specialised responsibilities of each. Guard nodes show the largest proportion of iteration for encryption- and circuit-related operations relay_encrypt_cell_inbound, relay_decrypt_cell, and circuit_package_relay_cell, whereas the middle node, also acting as an OS, mainly displayed handshake-related function iterations. As expected, exit nodes primarily engaged in outbound traffic handling (relay_encrypt_cell_outbound and channel_write_packed_cell). Authority nodes have a smaller, consistent presence, reflecting their role in network management and verification rather than direct cell processing. Thus, onion service nodes evidently exhibited the highest usage of public key cryptography functions, followed by guard nodes, executing the most handshake-related operations.
## 4 Simulation Analysis of the Spatial Reticulated Grid Structure Segmentation and Snatch Assembly
### Simulation Analysis of Deformation and Force in the Snatch Process of the Spatial Reticulated Grid
#### 4.2.2 Analysis of the Simulation Results  
(1) 1/2 position  
It can be observed from Figure 18 that the maximum stress value of the spatial reticulated grid is 181.8 MPa, which occurs at the position of the vault close to the spandrel, and there is an obvious stress concentration phenomenon at the connection between the rebar and the steel tube. The closer to the two ends of the components, the smaller the stress value, the better the stress state.  
It can be observed from Figure 19 that from the vault to both ends, the vertical and transverse deformation of the spatial reticulated grid gradually increases, the maximum transverse deformation is 14.15 mm, and the maximum vertical deformation is 30.27 mm. In general, all parts of the components are in good working condition, the force is reasonable, and the deformation amplitude is small, which verifies that the designed spatial reticulated grid has sufficient strength and rigidity.  
Figure 19: Deformation nephograms of the spatial reticulated grid. (**a**) Transverse deformation and (**b**) vertical deformation.  
Figure 18: Mises stress nephogram of spatial reticulated grid.  
(2) 1/3 position  
It can be observed from Figure 20 that the maximum stress position of the spatial reticulated grid occurs near the snatch point, with a magnitude of 446.7 MPa, which is close to the yield strength of the main limb steel tube, but exceeds the yield strength of the connecting rebar.  
It can be observed from Figure 21 that the maximum transverse and vertical deformations of the spatial reticulated grid both occur at the leftmost end, which are 77.43 mm and 213.6 mm, respectively. In summary, the selection of the snatch position has a significant impact on the deformation and force of the components. When assembling the arch, the middle position should be selected as the snatch point to minimize the adverse effect of the arch installation on the overall structural performance.  
Figure 21: Deformation nephograms of the spatial reticulated grid. (**a**) Transverse deformation and (**b**) vertical deformation.  
Figure 20: Mises stress nephogram of spatial reticulated grid.
# Production of Sustainable Postbiotics from Sugarcane Straw for Potential Food Applications
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Postbiotic Extract Chemical Characterization
#### 2.4.4 Individual Phenolic Compounds Identification by LC-ESI-QqTOF-HRMS  
The extracts were dispersed in ultra-pure water at 50 mg/mL and filtered with 0.45 um filter (Minisart; Sartorius stedim, Gottingen, Germany) before analysis by LC-ESI-UHR-QqTOF-MS [26]. A UHPLC UltiMate 3000 Dionex (Thermo Scientific) equipped with an ultrahigh resolution was used to carry out the separation. Mass spectrometer with 50,000 full-sensitivity resolution (FSR) using Qq-time-of-flight (UHR-QqTOF) (Impact II, Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) was employed. Utilizing an Acclaim RSLC 120 C18 column (100 mm \(\times\) 2.1 mm, 2.2 m), metabolites were separated (Dionex). Acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% aqueous formic acid were the mobile phases (solvent B). The following gradient conditions were used during the separation process, which lasted  
Figure 1: Scheme of sugarcane straw postbiotic extract production.  
24.5 min, at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min: 0 min, 0% B; 10 min, 21.0% B; 14 min, 27% B; 18.30 min, 58%; 20.0 min, 100%; 24.0 min, 100%; 24.10 min, 0%; and 26.0 min, 0%. The injection had a 5 L volume.  
Mass spectrometers with ultrahigh-resolution quadrupole-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHR-QqTOF) are employed. In an auto MS scan mode, spectra with a \(m/z\) range of 20 to 1000 are obtained, and parameters for MS analysis are determined using these data. The selected parameters included the end plate offset voltage of 500 V, the capillary voltage of 3.0 KV, the drying gas temperature of 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the drying gas flow of 8.0 L/min, the nebulizing gas pressure of 2 Bar, the collision radio frequency (RF) of 250 to 1000 Vpp, the transfer time of 25 to 70 s, the collision cell energy of 5 eV, and the pre-pulse storage of 6 s. Sodium formate clusters were utilized for post-acquisition internal mass calibration, and it was injected using a syringe pump at the beginning of each chromatographic analysis. Accurate mass and isotope rate estimates with the designated mSigma proved the compound's elemental composition (Bruker Daltonics). The mSigma results provided assurance that the lowest chemical nature for mass was presented. A compound's precise mass [M \(-\) H]\({}^{-}\) was used to identify it. Quantification (\(\mu\)g/mL) was performed by external calibration, and for the quantification of hydroxybenzoic acids, the standards 2,5-dihydroxyboxbenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyboxpenzalhedyde, and protocatehnic acid were used, respectively, for each compound. For hydroxycinnamic acids, \(p\)-coumaric acid and the ferulic acid were also used for feruloylquinic acids quantification. The flavonoids standards vitexin, luteolin, and tricin were used for the quantification of isovitexin 2\({}^{\prime\prime}\)-O-arabinoside, luteolin-8-C-glucose isomers, and tricin derivatives, respectively.
# Cross-Layer Energy Optimization for IoT Environments: Technical Advances and Opportunities
## 2 Significance of Energy Efficiency in IoT Use Cases
### Case Study: Smart Logistics  
Traditional transport logistics systems are not efficient because of a lack of coordination and sharing among the entities transported by logistic vendors, for e.g., trucks returning empty and partially full trucks. This results wastage of goods, resources, etc. Therefore, a novel concept of Internet of Perishable Logistics (IoPL) has been introduced to make transportation more intelligent and efficient, in which transportation of package or packages containers between a source (for e.g., a factory, a farm, etc.) and destination (for e.g., a retailer) is similar to the flow of packets in the Internet [15]. Hence a layered architecture for IoPL has been proposed, while borrowing from cyber Internet with various issues identified in the logistics system. The key issues identified in IoPL are standardization (loading, unloading and storing machines and their internet enablement using IoT devices), resource and infrastructure sharing. The enablement of information and communication technology (ICT)-based capabilities (RFID-based labeling/addressing, barcoding, GPS-based localization, IoT-based sensing and actuation, etc.) will make a smart logistic system more proactive and efficient.  
In Figure 4 quality sensing and communication of product boxes is illustrated, which is one of the aspects of minimizing wastage of food because of spoilage and contamination. Tiny sensors such as Food Scan, C2 Sense, etc. are inserted into containers or shipping boxes at the time of delivery inside a warehouse or in a truck. Then these sensed data along with a box ID for food contamination tracking are transmitted to the central controller through an appropriate sensor network. During the flow of data in the Internet, energy consumption is focus issue for localization, scheduling, communication, etc. In a similar way, during the flow of package containers from source to destination the issue of energy consumption is a major challenge before the researchers for sensing, standardization, resource sharing, transportation, etc. to provide an efficient smart logistics system in IoPL.
## 5 Experiments and Results
### Influence of Annotation Strictness on ADR Detection Accuracy  
Here, we conduct two sets of experiments: with and without including mentions that are labeled as both ADR and Note. The results (compare red and blue lines in Figure 12) show that restricting the dataset to only unambiguous ADR mentions leads to a 3% accuracy decrease.  
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Coreference Relation Extraction on Our Corpus by Models Trained on Different Corpora  
We evaluate the coreference resolution model described in Section 4.3.4 on our corpus with the coreference annotation described in Section 3.5. For this purpose, the corpus is split into train, validation and test subsets. Training the model is performed on the training subset of our corpus, or on the training subset of AnCor-2019, or on both.  
Table 15 presents the coreference resolution accuracy dependent on what corpus the model is trained and tested on. The results show that the best accuracy on the testing subset of our corpus is achieved when training is performed on the training subset of our corpus, but not on AnCor-2019 nor on both.  
Figure 12: Dependency of ADR recognition precision on their saturation in the corpora. Red line— different subsets of our corpus (see Table 12) with ADR annotation (without Note tags). Blue line— different subsets of our corpus with overlapping of ADR and Note entities, RuDREC—published accuracy for RuDREC corpus [10], RuDREC_our—our accuracy for RuDREC corpus and CADEC—published accuracy for CADEC corpus [14].
## 7 Applications and Future Research Directions of RIS
### Energy Harvesting and Decrease in EM Radiation Level  
Electromagnetic waves were used for broadcasting as early as 1940, then with the appearance of television, microwave ovens, radars, mobile telephony, and more recently, induction hops. Even if it arouses a particular fascination and significant concerns, wireless technologies (mobile, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) in everyday life have constituted a real revolution in modern lifestyles. As a result, the sources of radio frequency electromagnetic fields omnipresent in our environment have been an object of health and environmental concern for several years. The recycling of radio waves referred as energy harvesting in a productive and energy-efficient way is one of the key features of RISs. In reality, multipath propagation is often viewed as uncontrollable and is typically counteracted by increasing the transmitters and receivers complexity. This typically includes an increase in the number of radio waves generated by deploying more BSs or relays that create additional environmental signals. This results in an increase in the emission of EM radiation. On the other hand, the use of RISs does not predict the generation of new signals but enable their intelligent use. Therefore, the principle of RISs is a promising strategy for lowering EM radiation levels, with significant applications in situations such as hospitals and aircraft [119].
## 3 Tabu Search Algorithms
TS principles are especially useful when reducing search neighborhoods and guiding the search into feasible solutions. The reference [9] shows one of the first TS implementations for a multi-level lot-sizing problem. The authors compared the performance between a pure Linear Programming (LP) method and two LP-based heuristics (LP combined with Simulated Annealing (SA) and TS) when solving a multi-level capacitated lot-sizing problem (MCLSP) in an assembly production system with bottleneck constraints. An initial solution was obtained with a modified greedy algorithm and the search was guided according to non-restricted moves with higher improvements in the objective function. No diversification, intensification, or aspiration mechanisms were specified. The results showed better performance in the LP-based approaches. In [15], two different heuristic methods were proposed to solve a capacitated multi-level lot-sizing and scheduling problem for a multiple-item, single machine system. The first method was based on a \"randomized regrets\" heuristic, and the second was a TS-based heuristic. A Gozinto product structure was represented using a disjunctive arcs method, and moves were performed according to the existence of adjacent nodes with larger improvements in the objective function. The computational results were similar for both heuristics and the inclusion of multiple resources, setup times, and back-orders were proposed as future work opportunities. Other well-known heuristic approaches, such as SA and Genetic Algorithms (GA), were tested and compared with TS in [12]. The obtained results showed that TS outperformed the SA and GA methods, especially when the problem involved confirmed order demand. TS is usually combined with other methods in order to improve results. A hybrid algorithm TS-SA was proposed in [14] for solving a multi-level lot-sizing problem with general product structures. TS mechanisms were used to guide the search with the help of SA components. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of the TS method led to an improvement in cost performance, when compared with CPLEX-LP solutions. In the case of single-level lot-sizing problems, TS has been tested within a wide variety of configurations and constraints: [37] showed a capacitated, single-item problem with dynamic demand. The multi-item variation for this problem was shown in [38]. In [39], the problem defined was multi-item with setup carry-over. The TS approach included dynamic Tabu lists and penalty constraints. A dynamic lot-sizing problem with product returns and re-manufacturing constraints was presented in [35]. The initial solutions were generated using a blockchain-based algorithm and the TS algorithm was able to obtain satisfactory results in at least 96% of test instances.