## 3 Results and Discussion
### Edge Band Studies
#### 3.1.1 The Influence of the Type of Glue on Quality of the Glued Joint
This study explored how making small changes to the edges of the parts being glued together can significantly improve how long and well they hold up under repeated use. Specifically, it looks at adding a slant (chamfer) or rounded edge (filt) to the part where the glue is applied, aiming to make the glue layer thicker in spots where stress is high, which helps the joint last longer and perform better under fatigue or repeated stress. Researchers have conducted tests using a special machine that shakes parts at a specific frequency to mimic the stress of repeated use. They found that these small changes, especially the rounded edge, greatly increased the strength and lifetime of the glued joints under stress, showing a notable improvement in how the glue absorbs energy and handles stress without breaking. The best improvement was observed with a rounded edge (filtet R2), which made the glued joint last over three times longer and increased its strength by 33.1% compared to a standard joint without these modifications. This improvement occurs because the changes in shape help spread the stress and allow the glue to absorb more energy, which slows down the damage caused by repeated bending and pulling. Table 4 presents a comparative analysis of edge surface treatments and their influence on wood-based panel performance, highlighting key findings regarding various techniques and their impact on performance characteristics. [PERSON] et al. [7] demonstrated that laser edge banding technology not only improves the efficiency of the bonding process but also enhances bond strength and durability (Figure 3a). Their thermal aging tests (30 days at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C) showed that laser-bonded edges achieve comparable strength to conventional methods. The ability to use high-temperature adhesives reduces joint failure and enhances impermeability, verified by ISO 15148:2002 [36] water absorption tests, which showed lower water uptake in laser-bonded samples (Figure 3b). The laser process minimizes chipping and creates a strong bond even in deeper wood layers, offering a clean appearance with no visible adhesive joints. This method allows quick adjustments for different materials, saving time by eliminating preheating or cleaning downtime. The technology's flexibility and strength make it ideal for mass production, leading to the \"laserTec\" concept winning the innovation prize and the Wilhelm-Klauditz Prize at Ligna 2009. \begin{table}
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**Material Type** & **Treatment/ Technique** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Testing Standards/** \\ **Methods** \\ \end{tabular} & **Key Findings** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Practical** \\ **Implications** \\ \end{tabular} & **Paper** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Particleboard} & Sawing and milling & \multirow{3}{*}{-} & \multirow{3}{*}{-} & Surface quality influences glue thickness & Surface preparation is crucial for optimal glue performance & [PERSON] et al. [33] \\  & Pre-cutters, glue application & EN ISO 4624:2017 & Angular deviation affects bonding strength strength & \begin{tabular}{c} Maintaining minimal \\ angular deviation \\ improves bonding \\ strength \\ \end{tabular} & D\
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] and \\ [PERSON] [22] \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & & Higher peel & Guidelines for \\ PVC edge bands & Temperature, glue dosage, feed rate & Chinese standard & strength with optimal parameters & improving edge band durability and adhesion in furniture \\ PVC and & Edge banding & Universal testing & Thicker edge & Thicker edge bands, such as 2 mm PVC, enhance bending and tensile strength & [PERSON] [6] \\  & & & & \\ Particleboard, glued joints & Chamfer, rounded edge (filtet) & Fatigue testing (frequency, stress application) & Rounded edges increase strength and fatigue resistance &
\begin{tabular}{c} Rounded edge \\ modifications improve \\ joint durability and \\ lifetime \\ \end{tabular} & [PERSON] et al. [12] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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