## 4 Results
### Types and Characteristics of Sedimentary Environment
#### 4.1.2 Desert Sedimentary Environment  
The perennial drought, little rain, and strong wind in the study area provide good conditions for the formation of a desert sedimentary environment in the Ebinur Lake Basin. Ebinur Lake is located on the main channel of the strong wind in the Alataw Pass on the northwest side of the basin. The continuous, high-frequency, and strong winds have driven a large amount of sediment to the lake beach of Ebinur Lake and the lacustrine plain in the northeast of Jinghe County, and a desert sedimentary environment with an area of 1663 km\({}^{2}\) has been formed in the basin. The northwest wind is the main wind direction in this area, so the windward surface of the dunes in the basin is mainly northwest and moves southeast. The desert sedimentary environment in the basin is distributed in Tuoli Town, Mangding Township, Tuotuo Township, and Wusu City of Jinghe County, mainly developing Ulan Dage Desert, Mutetal Desert, and Wusu Desert.  
With the help of satellite images, the dune morphology developed in the desert sedimentary environment of the Ebinur Lake Basin was classified according to the morphology-dynamics principle of dunes. The classification includes two levels [31]. The first level is divided into transverse dunes, linear dunes, lattice dunes, and composite dunes according to the single sand transport wind direction, two-way sand transport wind, and multiple complex sand transport wind of dune dynamics. The second level is divided into eight types according to the main form of dunes, including star-moon dunes (Figure 5A), flat dunes such as star-moon dunes, asymmetric on both sides of the profile; the chain of star  
Figure 4: Changes in the shoreline of Ebinur Lake at the entrance of Bortala fluvial to the lake, 2024. (Made from aerial photographs taken in the field 2023, I. The shoreline of the lake during floods; II. The shoreline of the lake during the flat water period; III. The shoreline of the lake during the dry season. IV. The shoreline of the lake during the inspection period.).  
moon dunes (Figure 5B) is formed by connecting the wing angles of two or more star-moon dunes. Seif sand dune (Figure 5C), the ridge of the sand dune is a more tortuous linear sand dune; linear dunes (Figure 5D) are elongated, with widths extending up to a few kilometers or even longer; grid-shaped dunes (Figure 5E), mainly formed by vertical wind interactions; trapezoidal lattice sand dunes (Figure 5D), the spacing ratio of main and auxiliary beams is quite different, almost orthogonal, forming a long lattice; honeycomb dunes (Figure 5G) are caused by wind in various directions and the wind is relatively balanced. The surface morphology is mainly characterized by an elliptical sand nest formed by low middle and no fixed direction sand stems around. The compound sand ridge (Figure 5H) is formed by the action of wind in multiple directions, and the shape is diverse and complex. According to Table 1, the wavelength range of the dunes is 45-738 m; the range of dune wave width is 63-922 m; the range of dune wave height is 63-922 m. The desert in the Ebinur Lake Basin is dominated by small-scale dunes.  
Figure 5: Dune Types in the Ebinur Lake Basin, 2024. (**A**) Crescent dune, (**B**) Crescent dune chains, (**C**) Seif dune, (**D**) Linear sand dune, (**E**) Square lattice sand dunes, (**F**) Trapezoidal lattice dunes, (**G**) Honeycomb dunes, (**H**) Composite sand dune. The basic map comes from Google Earth satellite images.