# Novel Image State Ensemble Decomposition Method for M87 Imaging
## 4 Results and Discussion
that all the red, blue, and green pixel counts are shifted closer to the \"zero\" value, which is known as the \"black\" state. This produces a darker image, one that has the highest SSIM among the three ISED-generated images, in Figure 5b-d. This zoomed-in cropped image is taken to show greater details of the galactic core in M87. Figure 8b shows that the structural details of the galactic core are improved and glare blurring is reduced. The core and the knots are much more apparent. In Figure 8c, the details of the galactic core have the most improvement, and the contrast is enhanced. One can easily see that the core and the knots have the greatest detail. This image also exhibits further reduction in the strong blue biased glaring that is seen in the original image. For Figure 8d, the details are slightly deteriorated over a somewhat darker background. It has a reduction in some of the reds, which have shifted to the darker values shown in Figure 8d. Figure 7: Histograms of images shown in Figure 5 as the (**a**) original image of M87 in Figure 5a, (**b**) 22 nd ISED-generated image in Figure 5b, (**c**) 23 rd ISED-generated image in Figure 5c, and (**d**) 24 th ISED-generated image in Figure 5d. The results indicate that ISED makes it possible to remove select quanta from a stellar image, and other informative features such as the core, knots, and jets became more pronounced. Figure 9 is a collage of 63 ISED-generated images and most images reveals details that were previously obscured. This method has tremendous potential to peer into the heart of a galaxy. Structures of the galaxy, seen in Figure 2, lose some of their \"fuzziness\" after ISED and have clearly defined boundaries. These boundary regions are in relation to a finite wavelength of the IR radiation or, in this case, color filtered out of the ISED image. This feature will also make ISED useful for studying the morphology of galaxies and gaseous diffuse nebula. Further investigation into this is warranted because of the interest in the field on the topic [28]. This idea will be expanded upon in greater detail in a follow-up paper. Figure 8: Magnification of M87’s galactic core structure: (**a**) original image of M87 in Figure 5a, (**b**) 22\({}^{\rm nd}\) ISED-generated image in Figure 5b, (**c**) 23\({}^{\rm rd}\) ISED-generated image in Figure 5c, and (**d**) 24\({}^{\rm th}\) ISED-generated image in Figure 5d. Figure 9: Collage of M87’s galactic core for 63 ISED-generated images. The original image is subfigure 1, top left and 63 ISED-generated images subfigures 2–64 of M87. The ISED ensemble states of the images are displayed in Appendix A. Full-sized images are available online at [7]. Theoretically, no image information is lost when using this method if the information of the selected ISED filter and ISED-generated image is stored. The entropy of the original image is equal to the entropy of the ISED image plus the ISED filter. It follows the superposition principal in that the sum of the filter and the image generated form the original image. As [PERSON] stated, \"No one has ever been able to define the difference between interference and diffraction satisfactorily. It is just a question of usage\" [29]. The same can be said for the ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics. The table below shows the average values for the image quality analysis of the 63 ISED generated images. The averages in Table 3 are only given as a holistic ballpark reference, as all the filters have varied performance results. SSIM indicates the similarity of luminance, contrast, and structure between the original and processed images; an SSIM value of 1 is the highest score [22]. According to the quality assessment of 63 ISED-generated images, the average SSIM of the full-sized image was 0.69 and that of the cropped image was 0.70. As shown in Figure 10, some ISED states are similar to those of the original image. However, this does not indicate the desired effect for an image.