## 1 Introduction  
As a major cause of injury and death across the world, fire is an important hazard that deserves special attention in risk management for buildings. A total of 237,000 fires were reported in 2018 in China, resulting in 1407 deaths, 798 injuries, and direct property losses of about 3.67 billion Chinese Yuan [1]. Some severe fires have devastating consequences. In Table 1, which lists the major fires in China over the last two decades [2], one can find that most of the severe fires that resulted in a large number of casualties occurred in commercial or public buildings. The rapid and continuous economic development in China over the last four decades has led to large-scale urbanization. The intensive use of land in urban areas has greatly increased the prevalence of large-scale buildings, mainly complex commercial buildings such as shopping malls as well as public buildings such as hospitals. These types of buildings are deemed to have a higher risk of fire. First, the use of the interior spaces in these buildings is more complex. For example, a large commercial complex has multiple business types such as shops, restaurants, and cinemas. Second, due to the large scale and capacity of these buildings, the large number of occupants is concentrated in specific areasand is not easy to evacuate effectively in the event of a fire. Third, the highly dynamic nature of these buildings makes fire prevention management more difficult. For example, it is not easy to track and manage the storage of flammable goods in shops. The design, construction, and operation of numerous building service systems are increasingly sophisticated, especially for large-scale commercial and public buildings. In order to reduce the number of fires, fire safety has been at the heart of legislation on building regulations [3]. Fire safety codes are often incorporated into local building codes and have been formulated by legislators following the advice of politicians and industry experts. There are also many safety-related requirements in current occupancy standards. Even if the building's systems strictly follow all regulations, however, one cannot assume the systems will run forever without creating any safety hazards. [PERSON] [4] states that in fire situations, one third of safety barriers are not in proper working order because of improper inspection or inadequate testing or maintenance. As such, building inspection is an important process for ensuring compliance with all safety regulations in everyday operation. A building fire inspection is usually performed by a fire inspector, who makes a professional judgment about whether a building meets the requirements in a building fire code. Best inspection practices aim at identifying and correcting problems before they can have a negative impact on the building or the general public. A fire inspection program has significant consequences for building owners and property managers as well as the insurance companies that assume some risk or liability for the building, even if the inspection process is not be appreciated or even noticed by the people who use the building. Numerous research studies acknowledge the significance of fire safety inspection, and Table 2 lists some examples of studies in the literature. A popular topic of research related to fire safety inspection is the functionality of fire safety facilities. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [5] proposed a qualitative approach of a fault tree analysis to assess the availability of a fire pump system, taking into account the specificity of dormant systems and the importance of the frequency of inspections or tests of these systems. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [6] also stressed the importance of tests, inspections, and maintenance operations in the context of a fire sprinkler system. They proposed a methodology based on international standards and supported by test/inspection reports to adjust the frequency of these actions according to the level of