## 1 Introduction
* The International Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns (drafted in 1987) [10]: Defines objectives and methodologies for the conservation of historic towns. * The Helsinki Declaration (drafted in 1996) [11]: Establishes the legal framework for the use and conservation of cultural heritage within the context of sustainable development. The Council of Europe has also developed and implemented a series of foundational conventions that have been incorporated into the national legislations of European countries, thus creating the foundation for an extended European heritage framework:  
* The European Cultural Convention (Paris, 1954--ETS No. 18) [12]: Romania adhered to this convention through Law No. 77-1991. * The Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe (Granada, 1985--ETS No. 121) [9]: Ratified by Romania through Law No. 157-1997. * The European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised) (Valletta, 1992--ETS No. 143) [13]: Ratified by Romania through Law No. 150-1997. * The European Landscape Convention (Florence, 2000--ETS No. 176) [14]: Ratified by Romania through Law No. 451-2002. * The Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (Faro, 2005--ETS No. 199) [15]: Not ratified by Romania. These conventions have become reference texts, complemented by declarations, recommendations, and resolutions. Buildings designated as historical monuments are characterized by their cultural and intrinsic value, a primary consideration in determining intervention measures, selecting materials, and choosing technologies. As stated in [16], built heritage is a non-renewable resource and represents a considerable investment from the past in physical, natural, and intellectual resources, which should be sustained for the benefit of present and future generations. Built heritage, given the time elapsed since its construction, is affected by a multitude of environmental factors. Wind, rain, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles can cause degradation that progressively increases over time and in the absence of repair interventions. Natural disasters, earthquakes, or landslides can lead to partial collapses. Often, human intervention in the conservation process can also cause deterioration of a structure's intrinsic value, such as by the inappropriate replacement of materials and colors in the restoration process [17]. Currently, various advanced technologies are used for the conservation of cultural heritage, to provide specialists with complete and precise information on the architecture of the building, its shape, the geometric characteristics of the supporting resistance skeleton, the state of degradation and the nature of previous interventions, or the chemical composition of the original materials and those used later. Integrated analysis through chemical, physical, and engineering methods facilitates the investigation of material properties today, playing a crucial role in improving our understanding of the materials used in built heritage and in facilitating the creation of materials that are compatible with ancient ones. Materials science is a multidisciplinary field that analyzes the properties of materials of any nature, highlighting how these properties are influenced by their molecular structure. Integrated research also leads to the development, design, and innovation of different types of materials. The capability of low-cost LiDAR technology for 3D modeling and building degradation assessment is now expanding into the field of cultural heritage. The data obtained, which are accurate and comprehensive, are significantly changing the way heritage buildings are documented through the detailed information they provide. LiDAR technology, as recognized worldwide [18; 19; 20; 21; 22], can influence planning and decision-making procedures for prioritizing conservation initiatives.