## 4 Problem Formulation  
The data that would produce the communication between micro grids and consumer customers in the network depends on a single concentrator. It would generate high management of information as a centralized unit, which would give way to a problem of data traffic difficult to handle due to the necessary communication links between customers, the distribution company [20], and the micro grids of the place. For this reason, a decentralized architecture can be considered to allow distribution of metered data by coverage areas through grouping and hopping across concentrators and SM to be able to communicate with the CO using the minor link cost BS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Technology** & **Standard** & **Transmission Rate** & **Distance** & **Frequency Band** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Zigbee} & \multirow{3}{*}{IEEE 802.15.4} & \multirow{3}{*}{256 kbps} & \multirow{3}{*}{Up to 100 m} & 2.4 GHz (Worldwide), \\  & & & & 784 MHz (China), 868 MHz \\  & & & (Aenç)—HSPA—84 Mbps & & (Europa) 915 MHz (EEUU \\  & & & (descent) and 22 Mbps (ascent) en & & y Australia) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline WiFi & IEEE 802.11b/g/n & 1–54 Mbps (b/g) 26–600 Mbps (n) & Up to 100 m (b/g) Up to 200 m (n) & 2.4 and 5 GHz (b/g/n) \\ \hline LoRa & - & Up to 50 kbps & Up to 20 km & 433/868/915 MHz \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2.5G GPRS/3G UMTS/4G LTE} & \multirow{3}{*}{-} & 144 kbps (2.5G)/14.4 Mbps & & \\  & & (descent) and 5.75 Mbps & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & (ascent)—HSPA—84 Mbps & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & (descent) and 22 Mbps (ascent) en & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline WiMAX & IEEE 802.16 & 128 Mbps (descent) & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Wireless technology parameters. Depending on the type of consumer or customer, the micro grid model can be differentiated into commercial, home or industrial areas, from which the network bandwidth involving communication between the SM and the UDAP can be determined. In the network, bidirectional communication occurs between the CCMG, the concentrators, and the SM to transfer the measured information for its management and data processing. The WAN network is in charge of conglomerating the data for the management, among other micro grids, the adequacy to the requirements of the electricity market operator (MO) and the instructions of the distribution network operator (DNO). In general terms, we would talk about a model that allows obtaining optimal results in deploying infrastructure to integrate micro grids, considering the minimization of data concentrator equipment, restricting the number of smart meters per concentrator and limiting the number of hops per link. For the model, it is necessary to perform minimum spanning trees, where the system distances are considered to define which links are the most feasible for communication between actors. A set cover problem must also be considered since a minimum set must be defined for all customers with their respective meters. Since the problem contemplates a geo-referenced scenario, it is necessary to consider the determination of distances between points on a sphere using the Haversine formula; therefore, the longitude and latitude data of each map element are needed. The candidate site for analysis is a geographic portion of the rural population of King Island, located in Tasmania, Australia. As it is a place with the potential to insert isolated micro-grids, it was decided to carry out the study corresponding to its communications network. It should be noted that this site has developed a renewable energy integration project called KIREIP, which reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves the stability and reliability of the electrical system.