# Study on Fire Smoke Distribution and Safety Evacuation of Subway Station Based on BIM
## 5 Analysis of Personnel Evacuation in Subway Station Fire
### Fire Evacuation Analysis at the End of the Platform  
The effects of fire smoke on personnel evacuation are fully considered by combining fire smoke simulation results with a personnel evacuation simulation. According to the simulation analysis of personnel safety evacuation in the case of fire at the end of the platform, there are 556 people to be evacuated on the platform floor, and no inbound train stops at the station.  
During the fire, according to the personal behavior habits and familiarity with the station, the platform floor people shall choose the appropriate stair or escalator exit for evacuation. In the case of fire at the end of the platform, the first group of stairs and escalators is too close to the fire source to participate in the evacuation. Other escalators pass normally, and people on the left side of the platform are evacuated by the second group of stairs and escalators. When a fire occurs at the end of the station platform, the number of people not evacuated from the subway station is shown in Figure 16.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Pedestrian Category** & **Children** & **Young Women** & **Young Men** & **Middle-Aged Women** & **Middle-Aged Men** & **Older Women** & **Older Men** \\ \hline Proportion & 3.4 & 30 & 31.7 & 14.2 & 16.0 & 2.1 & 2.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Proportion of people (%).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Pedestrian Category** & **Children** & **Young Women** & **Young Men** & **Middle-Aged Women** & **Middle-Aged Men** & **Older Women** & **Older Men** \\ \hline Normal conditions & 1.01 & 1.27 & 1.31 & 1.15 & 1.25 & 0.85 & 1.10 \\ Emergency conditions & 1.31 & 1.65 & 1.70 & 1.50 & 1.62 & 1.11 & 1.43 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Walking speed of different groups (m/s).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Pedestrian Category** & **Children** & **Young Women** & **Young Men** & **Middle-Aged Women** & **Middle-Aged Men** & **Older Women** & **Older Men** \\ \hline Shoulder width & 30 & 39.8 & 42 & 39.8 & 42 & 39 & 41.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Shoulder width of all kinds of people (unit: cm).  
It can be seen from Figure 16 that when t = 0 s, there are 556 people waiting for evacuation on the platform floor and 347 people waiting for evacuation in the station hall floor; when t = 65 s, there are no people waiting for evacuation in the platform floor; when t = 188 s, personnel evacuation in the platform is completed; when t = 255 s, all people in the whole subway station will be evacuated to the ground. In the process of evacuation, the queue length of the station hall floor has no impact on the evacuation efficiency of each stair and escalator, so the number of people who have not been evacuated on the platform floor continues to decline over time. When the evacuation of people on the platform floor is completed, the number of people not evacuated at the station hall floor reaches its peak.  
In case of fire at the end of the platform, the critical values of each stair and escalator exit reaching the dangerous state and the time point when the evacuation of the last person at each stair and escalator exit on the platform floor is completed (the escalator at the 00 monitoring point does not participate in the evacuation; the escalators at the 01 and 05 monitoring points are downward-moving escalators and do not participate in the evacuation) are counted. The results are shown in Table 9. By comparing the available safe evacuation time of fire smoke at the end of the platform, it can be determined that all people can safely evacuate under this fire scenario.