## 4 Discussion  
### Polyphenol Content  
Similarly to our study, [PERSON] et al. [23] analyzed the total polyphenol content of horseradish root using a methanol-water solvent in a 1:1 ratio, but through conventional extraction, obtaining a lower average value of 2.61 mg GAE/g. The difference between the obtained results can be justified by the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction in the present study, a technique that allows for a faster and more efficient release of polyphenols from the plant matrix, leading to higher polyphenol values in the present hydroalcoholic extracts (3.8108-4.2633 mg GAE/g).  
On the other hand, in the study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [20], a hydroalcoholic solvent (80% methanol) was used for ultrasound-assisted extraction, and the values obtained for TPC (1.51-1.80 mg GAE/g) were similar to those recorded for the aqueous horseradish extract in the present study. This result could be explained by the influence of the four distinct extraction parameters (time, temperature, potency, solvent ratio), which may have affected the polyphenolic compound content of the analyzed sample. Another previous study reported a concentration of approximately 3.9 mg GAE/g [34] for horseradish root extracts, a result similar to that obtained in the present research for the hydroalcoholic extracts.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Identified** & **Corresponding** & **Formula** & **Abbreviation** & **Type** & **Concentration** & **Percentage of** \\
**(Methyl Esters)** & **Fatty Acids** & & & & **(ug-mL-1)** & **Total Fatty** \\ \hline Methyl palmitate & Palmitic acid & C17H34O2 & C16:0 & SFA & 1041.78 & 13.38 \\ \hline Methyl palmitate & Palmitoleic acid & C17H32O2 & C16:1 (cis-9) & MUFA & 309.01 & 10.94 \\ \hline Methyl stearate & Stearic acid & C19H38O2 & C18:0 & SFA & 158.15 & 2.81 \\ \hline Methyl oleate & Oleic acid & C19H36O2 & C18:1 (cis-9) & MUFA & 398.36 & 22.09 \\ \hline Methyl & Linolelaidic acid & (trans) & C19H34O2 & C18:2 (trans) & PUFA & 752.11 & 18.92 \\ \hline Methyl linoleate & Linoleic acid (cis) & C19H34O2 & C18:2 (cis) & PUFA & 31.16 & 1.18 \\ \hline Methyl linolenate & Linolenic acid & C19H30O2 & C18:3 (cis) & PUFA & 824.42 & 30.68 \\ \hline Saturated fatty acids & & & & & 16.19 \\ \hline Unsaturated fatty acids & & & & & 83.81 \\ \hline IUFA * & & & & & 165.27 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* IUFA—unsaturated fatty acid index.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Fatty acids identified in freeze-dried horseradish powder.  
According to data obtained from a study conducted on nine different genotypes of horseradish roots, the total polyphenol content ranged between 1.60 and 5.04 mg GAE/g, reflecting differences in the phytochemical composition of the samples [24]. A type of horseradish with an exceptionally high TPC content was also identified in the study conducted by [PERSON] et al., reaching a maximum value of approximately 10.5 mg GAE/g [26].  
Furthermore, the results obtained in the present study fall within the range of values reported by [PERSON] et al. [21], who used three different horseradish genotypes and 6 different solvents. The TPC values obtained are consistent with the range of 0.19-9.85 mg GAE/g, thus confirming the overall agreement of results between studies.  
Therefore, the results obtained suggest that experimental conditions, genotype, and particularly the type of solvent have a considerable impact on the polyphenol extraction process, which is consistent with previous studies highlighting the importance of solvent selection in the extraction of phenolic compounds from horseradish roots [21; 23; 29].