## 1 Introduction  
Modern sports challenge athletes to maximize their physical performance, requiring the use of advanced training methods. Recently, a comprehensive method known as contrast training has gained popularity. It involves the application of intense stimuli to temporarily enhance neuromuscular system performance. This method utilizes the phenomenon of post-activation potentiation (PAP), resulting in a momentary increase in motor abilities, termed post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) [1]. PAP and PAPE differ in terms of mechanisms, range of effects, and practical application. PAP focuses on neuromuscular improvement in function following intense effort, whereas PAPE encompasses a broader context of performance enhancement in sports [1]. Despite widespread use in sports practice, the effectiveness and mechanisms of post-activation performance enhancement, especially regarding long-term improvements in explosive strength and the efficacy of different protocols, remain not fully elucidated. Recent studies by [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. [2] have provided insights into the role of PAPE in various sports disciplines, highlighting the need for further investigation into protocol-specific outcomes. PAPE is based on the premise that performing a brief, intense effort before a sports task can enhance physical performance through changes in neuromuscular system activity. These changes include recruitment of more motor units, improved coordination within muscles (synchronization of agonist muscles), and intramuscular coordination (synchronization of motor units) [3; 4; 5] as well as alterations in muscle metabolism induced by factors such as local muscle temperature increases or shifts in tissue fluids, which alter muscle contraction mechanics [1]. Contemporary research on enhancing athletic performance increasingly focuses on the use of advanced training methods, such as [6]. PAPE protocols are employed to achieve short-term improvements in motor abilities by applying intense stimuli before the main sports task. The mechanism of PAPE operates by enhancing neuromuscular function, including the recruitment of a greater number of motor units and the improvement of intramuscular coordination [1]. Despite the growing popularity of PAPE, few systematic reviews have focused exclusively on its impact on vertical jumps among athletes. Previous reviews have examined similar concepts, such as in the context of various performance indicators (e.g., [PERSON] and [PERSON], 2016; [PERSON] et al., 2013) [7; 8]. However, a comprehensive systematic review that analyzes the diversity of PAPE protocols and their specific application in improving vertical jump performance remains unrealized. Our study aims to fill this gap by analyzing existing research on the effectiveness of various PAPE protocols. Despite understanding the fundamentals of this phenomenon, there is considerable variability in the research findings regarding the effectiveness of PAPE protocols. Some studies have suggested that these protocols can lead to short-term increases in muscle power production capacity, as evidenced by improvements in jump height or distance following activation stimuli [9]. For instance, [PERSON] et al. found positive effects on jump heights among professional volleyball players using a glyometric-based protocol [10]. Simultaneously, publications exist whose results indicate either no significant or a negligible impact of the PAP effect on motor performance expression [11; 12; 13]. [PERSON] et al. demonstrated that despite using loads at 75% of one-repetition maximum in isotonic and isometric exercises as a PAPE-enhancing protocol, there were no significant improvements in countermovement jump (CM) height [11].