## 3 Results and Discussion
### Microbial Growth during Refrigerated Storage
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Storage Temperature** & **0 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **5 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **10 \({}^{\circ}\)C** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Total viable count} \\ MAP & & \\ Growth rate, k (in d\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.175 \(\pm\) 0.010 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.337 \(\pm\) 0.028 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.496 \(\pm\) 0.027 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ Lag phase, \(\lambda\) (in d) & 3.14 \(\pm\) 0.63 & 1.83 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.27 \\ R\({}^{2}\) fit & 0.991 & 0.982 & 0.995 \\ ACT-MAP & & & \\ Growth rate, k (in d\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.138 \(\pm\) 0.017 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.277 \(\pm\) 0.016 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.308 \(\pm\) 0.041 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Lag phase, \(\lambda\) (in d) & 10.6 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 6.73 \(\pm\) 0.41 & 1.04 \(\pm\) 1.05 \\ R\({}^{2}\) fit & 0.996 & 0.999 & 0.949 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Pseudomonas_ spp.} \\ \hline MAP & & \\ Growth rate, k (in d\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.165 \(\pm\) 0.005 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.347 \(\pm\) 0.029 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.345 \(\pm\) 0.142 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ Lag phase, \(\lambda\) (in d) & 1.98 \(\pm\) 0.56 & - & - \\ R\({}^{2}\) fit & 0.999 & 0.990 & 0.950 \\ ACT-MAP & & & \\ Growth rate, k (in d\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.108 \(\pm\) 0.027 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.129 \(\pm\) 0.006 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.191 \(\pm\) 0.012 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Lag phase, \(\lambda\) (in d) & 8.05 \(\pm\) 2.49 & - & - \\ R\({}^{2}\) fit & 0.949 & 0.994 & 0.987 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Enterobacteriaceae_ spp.} \\ \hline MAP & & & \\ Growth rate, k (in d\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.245 \(\pm\) 0.093 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.339 \(\pm\) 0.103 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.625 \(\pm\) 0.069 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ Lag phase, \(\lambda\) (in d) & - & - & - \\ R\({}^{2}\) fit & 0.952 & 0.922 & 0.963 \\ ACT-MAP & & & \\ Growth rate, k (in d\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.204 \(\pm\) 0.017 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.292 \(\pm\) 0.019 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.378 \(\pm\) 0.063 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Lag phase, \(\lambda\) (in d) & - & - & - \\ R\({}^{2}\) fit & 0.993 & 0.990 & 0.899 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Mean values \(\pm\) standard error based on the statistical variation in the kinetic parameters of the Baranyi growth model: regression analysis). \({}^{\text{a}}\)b Different superscript in the same column for the estimated growth rates (k) of the same microorganism indicate statistically significant differences.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Kinetic parameters of the Arrhenius model for the microbial growth rate and lag phase for the total viable count, _Pseudomonas_ spp. and _Enterobacteriaceae_ spp. in gutted sea bass during the isothermal storage at 0–10 \({}^{\circ}\)C. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline  & **Arrhenius Model Parameters for** & **Arrhenius Model Parameters for** \\  & **the Microbial Growth Rate** & **the Lag Phase** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Total viable count} \\ \hline MAP & & \\ E\({}_{\text{a,k}}\) (kJ mol\({}^{-1}\)) & 67.2 & 213.4 \\ k\({}_{\text{ref}}\) (d\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.279 & 1.05 \\ R\({}^{2}\) & 0.981 & 0.990 \\ \hline ACT-MAP & & \\ E\({}_{\text{a,k}}\) (kJ mol\({}^{-1}\)) & 51.8 & 148.9 \\ k\({}_{\text{ref}}\) (d\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.211 & 1.66 \\ R\({}^{2}\) & 0.855 & 0.885 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Growth kinetic parameters (growth rate, k in d\({}^{-1}\); lag phase, \(\lambda\) in d), for the total viable count, _Pseudomonas_ spp. and _Enterobacteriaceae_ spp. in gutted sea bass during the isothermal storage at 0–10 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
The activation energy (E\({}_{\text{a}}\)) regarding the storage temperature effect on the TVC, _Pseudomonas_ spp., and _Enterobacteriaceae_ spp. growth rate were in the range of 37-52 kJ mol\({}^{-1}\) and 48-67 kJ mol\({}^{-1}\) for ACT-MAP and MAP samples, respectively, not showing statistically significant differences between the two group of samples (\(p>0.05\)). However, the E\({}_{\text{a}}\) value that describes the storage temperature effect on the lag phase was significantly higher for MAP samples compared to ACT-MAP samples (213 compared to 149 kJ mol\({}^{-1}\), respectively) (Table 2).