## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, the characteristics of mortars containing WGP were investigated by conducting FS and ASR expansion tests. Based on the experimental data set, three ML models were applied to simulate the FS and expansion values. The prediction results were consistent with the actual figures and the essential conclusions were described as follows:  
1. WGP's mechanical grinding significantly improved the FS of WGP mortars. The chemical activation was only effective when the amounts of the chemical agents were appropriate. The combined activation exhibited the most remarkable efficacy; the FS of the sample containing 30% WGP that underwent the combined activation method was 8.97 MPa (18% higher than the sample subjected to mechanical excitation only). 2. Mechanical activation mitigated ASR expansion, and chemical activation was also feasible when the WGP content was 30%. The ASR expansion was 0.0654% (54% lower than the nonactivated one) for the sample that had 30% of WGP with combined activation. This illustrates the effectiveness of combined activation. The SEM results also verified its efficacy which improved the pozzolanic activity of WGP and concurrently compacted the mortars' structure. 3. The accuracy of the BAS-RF model in predicting FS and ASR expansion was reflected in the high \(R\) values (0.9545 for FS and 0.9416 for ASR expansion). Compared with the other two baseline models (LR and MLR), the BAS-RF model obtained higher \(R\) values and fewer \(RMSE\) results, showing that both FS and ASR data sets had better properties. The predicted results simulated by the BAS-RF model agreed with the experimental outcomes. 4. The variable significance ranking showed that WGP's particle size and replacement ratio were the most essential factors (except the curing time) for FS and ASR expansion, respectively. The results also agreed with the experimental findings. In the future, the activated WGP incorporated 3D-printed concrete and alkali-activated concrete will be investigated. Regarding the ML research, a more comprehensive database must be constructed to increase the model generalisability. The evolved ML models with improved applicability, accuracy, and efficiency should also be developed. Furthermore, it is crucial to investigate more variables, such as glass types, chemical activator categories, and admixtures. Figure 14: Variables significance on FS and ASR expansion of WGP mortar mixture design. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.S. and X.Y. ; methodology, Y.W. ; software, Y.W. ; validation, Z.R., W.M. and X.Y. ; formal analysis, G.Z. ; investigation, C.Z. ; resources, X.C. ; data curation, C.Z. ; writing--original draft preparation, Y.W. ; writing--review and editing, X.W. ; visualization, X.W. ; supervision, X.W. ; project administration, J.S. ; funding acquisition, X.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research was funded by the Australian Research Council's Linkage Project, grant number LP180100222, Key R&D Project of Hunan Province Intelligent Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and Ecological Restoration in Civil Engineering, grant number 2020 SK2109. **Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are openly available. **Acknowledgments:** The research is supported by Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and Ecological Restoration in Civil Engineering, Catastrophe and Reinforcement of Dangerous Engineering Structures, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. * _[PERSON] et al. (2012)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON][PERSON] Effect of colloidal nano-silica on the mechanical and physical behaviour of waste-glass cement mortar. _Mater. Des._**2012**, _33_, 127-135.