## 5 Conclusions  
In conclusion, this is first study on human exposure assessment in a forthcoming 5G-V2X scenario. Human exposure levels generated by two 5G-V2X antennas at 3.5 GHz and mounted on a 3D model of a real car were assessed in terms of SAR\({}_{\text{10g}}\) and pSAR\({}_{\text{10g}}\). Different configurations and orientations between the human model and the car body were considered, showing that, in all configurations, the dose absorbed by a road user in the vicinity of the car was well below the basic restrictions for the general public of 0.08 W/kg for whole-body average SAR and of 2 W/kg for the local head and torso SAR, as indicated in the ICNIRP guidelines to avoid harmful effects. Future studies will deal with the impact of beamforming on human exposure levels and with the combined application of traditional computational methods and machine learning and stochastic techniques to evaluate the variability of these 5G-V2X communication exposure scenarios, not limiting the analysis to a few configurations [50; 51]. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.B. ([PERSON]), G.T. and M.P. ; methodology, M.B. ([PERSON]); formal analysis and data curation, M.B. ([PERSON]), G.T. and M.P. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.B. ([PERSON]), G.T., M.B. ([PERSON]), S.G., E.C., S.F. and M.P. ; writing--review and editing, M.B. ([PERSON]), G.T. and M.P. ; funding acquisition, G.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This work was financed by Project \"EXPOAUTO--Cumulative real smart car exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in people of different ages from new technologies in automotive services and connected objects\" [PNiREST Anses, 2020/2 RF/05]. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study Name** & **Frequency and Power** & **EMF Source Position Re:** & **Quantity Estimated \& Main Study** \\  & & **Vehicle Cabin** & **Outcomes** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [32] & 450, 900 and 1800 MHz & Internal: mobile phone antenna at & Maximum point SAR: 96 W/kg at 450 MHz, 296 W/kg at 900 MHz and 127 W/kg & \\  & bands at 1 W. & 2.5 cm from the phantom head. & at 1800 MHz. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [33] & UMTS (2.1 GHz) at 125–250 mW. & Internal: emitting devices were placed inside the vehicle cabin at & Maximum SAR\({}_{\text{10g}}\): 2.13 mW/kg with UMTS. \\  & WMax (2.5 GHz) at 200 mW. & Internal: mobile phone emitting device placed at user(s)’s ear level. & for head/ trunk; 392.6 mW/kg \\  & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [34] & 900 MHz band at 2 W. & Internal: mobile phone emitting device placed at user(s)’s ear level. & Maximum SAR\({}_{\text{10g}}\): 3.02 W/kg for single-user condition; 3.77 W/kg for two-user condition. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [38] & ITS 5.9 GHz at 30 W. & External: four V2V quarter-wave monopole antennas mounted on the roof of the car & Maximum SAR\({}_{\text{10g}}\): 1.58 W/kg for head/torso; 0.76 W/kg for limbs. \\ \hline Present study & 3.5 GHz band at 1 W. & External: two 5G-V2X array antennas positioned in the rear and front position on the car body & Maximum SAR\({}_{\text{10g}}\): 0.074 mW/kg. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: SAR assessment in the connected car. **Acknowledgments:** The authors wish to thank ZMT Zurich MedTech AG (www.zmt.swiss, accessed on 18 July 2022) for providing the simulation software SIM4 Life. +++ ==WARNING: Truncated because of repetitions==
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* [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON], [PERSON] Human RF-EMF Exposure Assessment Due to Access Point in Incoming 5G Indoor Scenario. _IEEE J. Electromagn. RF Microw. Med. Biol._**2021**, \(5\), 269-276. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al.