## 3 Results  
### Energy Analysis of the Examined Buildings at Different Locations  
The thermal loads and the energy behavior of the examined buildings are given in this section. Firstly, some indicative results regarding the variation of the loads for the B1 building in Athens are given. Specifically, Figure 7 shows the variation in the heating/cooling thermal loads during the year for this case study. The heating and cooling loads demonstrate similar maximum load values. Specifically, the maximum heating thermal load was 23.1 kW and the maximum cooling thermal load was 21.6 kW. The heating period was equal to 4024 h and the cooling period was a bit shorter equal to 3681 h. Figure 8 depicts the electricity demand of the B1 building in Athens, namely the electricity demand for heating, cooling and the total electricity demands. The total electricity also includes the electricity demand for appliances, lighting and DHW. The maximum total electricity demand was found at 9.1 kW during the winter period. Also, the electrical demands for the heating and cooling of the heat pump were lower compared to the thermal loads because the COP and EER present relatively high values. The seasonal COP was 4.5 and the seasonal EER was 5.4 for the B1 building in Athens. The next stage is the presentation of the total yearly loads/demands for the eight studied scenarios (two buildings and four locations). Figure 9 illustrates the DHW, heating and cooling loads in each examined case. It is remarkable to state that building B1 had higher cooling loads compared to B2 for all the studied locations. It is interesting to comment that approximately no cooling loads were found for the B2 building in Stockholm. Moreover, the B1 building demonstrated higher heating loads for all the studied locations. The warmer climates (Athens, Barcelona) presented higher cooling loads and lower heating loads compared to the colder climate (Munich, Stockholm): reasonable and acceptable results. Regarding the DHW, there were no important variations among the studied locations, with the warmest climates leading to slightly lower DHW loads. Figure 8: Yearly variation in electricity demand for heating, cooling and in total for building B1 in Athens. Figure 7: Yearly variation in the heating and cooling thermal loads for building B1 in Athens. Figure 10 shows the distribution of the electrical demands for the examined buildings. The DHW electricity demand had a relatively small variation among the examined locations and its demand was higher in colder locations. The electricity demands for lighting and appliances were similar among the examined cases. The electricity demand for covering the cooling load variation was very important among the examined buildings and it was significantly higher in the warmest climates (Athens and Barcelona). On the other hand, the electricity demand for covering the heating demand was higher in the coldest climates (Munich and Stockholm) compared to the other climates. However, the variation in electrical demand for heating was not as intense as the variation in the electrical demand for cooling among the studied scenarios. Figure 11 depicts the results for the mean COP and EER of the heat pumps for the examined locations. The COP did not present a great fluctuation among the examined cases. However, lower values were presented for the colder ambient conditions. On the other side, the EER presented higher variation and took significantly higher values in colder climates due to the restricted cooling loads and the absence of very warm days. Figure 9: Yearly thermal load of DHW, cooling and heating for all the examined buildings and locations. respectively. For Barcelona, the heating and cooling loads for B1 were 25,927 kWh and 22,191 kWh, while for B2, they were 21,632 kWh and 6038 kWh, respectively. The total electricity demand is 26,352 kWh and 22,631 kWh for Barcelona B1 and B2 respectively. Regarding Munich, the heating and cooling loads for B1 were 35,570 kWh and 6501 kWh, while for B2, they were 30,725 kWh and 645 kWh, respectively.