## 4 Case Study
### Evaluation of Emotional States  
Six Ukrainian real estate organizations were selected and interviewed to obtain a representative sample of the construction industry. The participants were 10 Ukrainian construction specialists who did not suffer from either cardiovascular or obviously mental pathologies, both males and females (41% and 59%, respectively) with an age range of 30-66 (the average age is 38.5 years), Ukrainian nationality, had at least two years of working experience and represented three main categories of property owners in Ukraine (e.g., small, medium-size and large private companies). However, the main attention was paid to organisations that owned rental offices. In total, participating organisations owned about 371 apartments, which corresponds to more than 2.7 thousand square meters of housing. In addition, two organisations also introduced a large number (about 180) of housing and construction cooperatives of different sizes, which are responsible for facility management, in Ukraine. A housing and building cooperative is a society in which each shareholder is a member and all members of the cooperative carry economic responsibility for buildings and real estate. Therefore, the ten organisations chosen formed a relatively high percentage of the total number of housing units in Ukrainian office buildings. Virtual experimental analysis was based on the study of human behaviour in reconstruction scenarios considering facial expression analysis. For this, FaceReaderTM automatic facial expression recognition software was used. The participants were seated in \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Examined Site and Its** & **CO, ppm** & **Noise, dB** & **Particulate Matter** & **Particulate Matter** & **NO2, ppb** \\
**Number** & & & (PM10), mg/m3** & (PM2.5), mg/m3 & **NO2, ppb** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Allowable Values} \\ \hline  & 4.4 & 30–40 & 20 & 12 & 53 \\ \hline Nyzhniy Val 31-A in the & & & & \\ Podilskyi district of Kyiv & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Air and noise pollution data from the examined location in Ukraine. a room and the survey was conducted from 8 am to 1 pm. A 720p FaceTime HD camera in the 2018 MacBook Air was used for video recording of emotional expressions. Two dimmable panel lamps of 110 W each were used for optimising lighting conditions. During filming, the participants sat on a chair, and the camera was located at a distance of 50 cm from them. The procedure of the experiment was as follows: the participant viewed a set of images of a building, illustrations, diagrams, a matrix of alternatives, etc. Participants had to make some decisions about certain situations in which some offers they could accept or reject. In addition, the participants were told that the proposed solutions related to the following different contexts: economic aspects, simplicity of the construction process, durability of materials, the guarantee period and aesthetic appearance. The participants were instructed to verbalise their feelings in qualitative interviews. Only one participant could take part in the experiment at a time. The duration of the experiment was analysed and recorded using FaceReader to obtain numerical values. The maximum numerical value for each emotion and each participant was extracted to determine emotional differences from renovation projects. A total of 226,810 valid samples were collected after excluding invalid ones, with 22,890 data in total (249,700 data of viewing the samples by 10 experts). Data on physiological and emotional states, arousal and valence of experts were accumulated. Happiness, sadness, anger and other states were evaluated with points from 0 to 1. The emotion with the highest rating is dominant (see Table 3).