## 2 Literature Review
The most recent advancements in organizing, creating, and managing the CS for the utilization of EVs were examined by [PERSON] et al. (2020). They talked about how to generate the required energy using RE resources. Further study is required; however, the development of EVs and the associated charging infrastructure can reduce hazardous emissions. The lack of appropriate batteries that can store enough energy for a prolonged period and distance led them to the conclusion that the acceptance of EVs is a result of this. [PERSON] (2018) stated that the great bulk of the infrastructure used to charge electric light-duty vehicles (ELDVs) is made up of private chargers. Even though China only accounted for 47% of the world's ELDV inventory in 2019, it was home to 80% of the fast chargers that were available worldwide. Moreover, 12% of light-duty vehicle chargers worldwide are public chargers, with slow chargers making up the bulk. The year 2019 saw a 60% increase in the number of public chargers worldwide, both fast and slow,surpassing the expansion of the ELDV stock. Over the past 10 years, solar PV systems have seen a notable increase in popularity as a distributed generation technology. According to [PERSON] et al. [30], the total installed PV capacity worldwide grew from 483.1 GW in 2018 to 580.2 GW in 2019. Two major elements are responsible for this surge: the continuous improvement in PV system efficiency and the significant decrease in their cost over time. Over the past seven years, utility-scale solar projects have reached unprecedented levels of affordability for power generation, while the cost of residential and commercial solar PV systems has more than halved, as reported by [PERSON] et al. [31]. As a result, solar energy has become a viable and affordable alternative, in addition to a clean electricity source. Nevertheless, because of daily and seasonal oscillations, solar power generation is not constant, which calls for the employment of energy storage systems. To match wholesale electricity rates, distribution system operators across the globe are also anticipated to lower the solar energy feed-in tariffs in the upcoming years. This change may have a major effect on the economics of integrating solar power into the grid and encourage solar energy self-consumption for EV charging and residential loads. According to [PERSON] et al. [32], the unrealized potential of the solar output on parking lots and workplace rooftops highlights the promising role of solar PV in EV charging. There are two main benefits of charging EVs from solar PV systems: cost-effectiveness and sustainability. When compared to traditional techniques, PV-EVCSs exhibit higher energy efficiency, fewer net emissions, and a smaller environmental effect, as reported by [PERSON] et al. [33] and [PERSON] et al. [34]. Furthermore, in many parts of the world, solar PV electricity is already less expensive than traditional electricity due to the decreasing costs of PV systems. The total cost of ownership of an EV is already less than that of a vehicle with a comparable internal combustion engine in some auto categories [34]. [PERSON] et al. [35] investigated the feasibility of PV integration from an economic standpoint and looked into how the demand for EV charging may be distributed among different places (WIRO GmbH) in Germany according to socioeconomic factors. The findings demonstrate that PV systems can be integrated with infrastructure for charging and generating revenue. Specifically, how much more this extra value is will depend on the cost of electricity. According to the findings, PV integration makes financial sense when the cost of purchasing electricity is more than EUR 0.15 per kWh. The rising purchase price of power causes the added value to increase linearly. Daytime and slow charging are advantageous since they boost self-consumption and make photovoltaic systems financially feasible. For efficient PV integration, fast-charging infrastructure and PV storage systems should be paired.