## 2 Materials and Methods
### Flow Cytometry-Based Analyses  
In all flow cytometry-based analyses, cells (\(4\times 10^{4}\) cells/mL) were incubated with 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL SG4 for 48 h, and then, cells were de-attached by trypsin and rinsed two times in cold PBS to gain cell samples. Then, each flow cytometry-based analysis was performed as the following protocols. For cell cycle analysis, it was conducted by following up the method of [PERSON] et al. [8]. Briefly, HT-29 cells were collected, washed twice with PBS, and re-suspended in 70% (\(v\)/\(v\)) ethanol and stored at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C for at least 2 h. The cells were then washed with staining buffer twice and stained with 25 \(\upmu\)g/mL RNase A. After staining with RNase A for 15 min, the cells were stained with 50 \(\upmu\)g/mL PI solution and flow analysis was carried out. For MMP analysis, it was assayed by following up the method of [PERSON] et al. [8]. Briefly, HT-29 cells were collected and adjusted the cell density to \(1\times 10^{6}\) cells/mL with staining buffer. The cells were then incubated with TMRE (100 nM) at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 20 min. After the reaction, the TMRE was removed, and the cells were re-suspended in staining buffer for flow analysis. For cytochrome c release analysis, the procedure of this experiment was conducted by following up the method of [PERSON] et al. [9]. Briefly, HT-29 cells were collected and re-suspended in 100 \(\upmu\)L PBS. Cells were fixed using 100 \(\upmu\)L fixation buffer at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 20 min under darkness. Next, the cells were washed, re-suspended in 100 \(\upmu\)L permeabilization buffer, followed by incubation with FITC-labelled anti-cytochrome c antibody (1:10, \(v\)/\(v\)) at RT for 60 min under darkness. After rinsing with permeabilization buffer, the cells were re-suspended in staining buffer for flow analysis. For activated caspase -9 and -3 analyses, the activated caspase analyses were conducted by following up the method of [PERSON] et al. [9]. Briefly, HT-29 cells were harvested and adjusted the cell density to \(1\times 10^{6}\) cells/mL with complete medium. The cells were then treated with fluorescent probe FITC-LEHD-FMK (for detecting caspase-9 activity) or fluorescent probe FITC-DEVD-FMK (for detecting caspase-3 activity) at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 60 min under darkness. The cells were washed with wash buffer and re-suspended in staining buffer for flow analysis. For quantitation of DNA fragmentation, the procedure of this experiment was performed by following up the method of [PERSON] et al. [9]. Briefly, HT-29 cells were harvested and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, washed, and then incubated with 70% ice-cold ethanol at -20 \({}^{\circ}\)C overnight. Cells were washed with wash buffer; BrdU was added, and then, they were incubated with FITC-conjugated anti-BrdU antibody at RT for 30 min under darkness. After staining, the cells were re-suspended in staining buffer for flow analysis. For annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis, it was conducted by annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit according to the method of [PERSON] et al. [8]. Briefly, HT-29 cells were harvested and adjusted the cell density to \(1\times 10^{6}\) cells/mL with binding buffer. Cells were incubated with annexin V-FITC (1:20, \(v\)/\(v\)) and PI (1:20, \(v\)/\(v\)) at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 15 min under darkness. After staining, the cells were washed and re-suspended in staining buffer for flow analysis. For phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and S6 analyses, the assay of phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and S6 was completed by following up the method of [PERSON] et al. [22]. In brief, HT-29 cells were harvested and re-suspended in 100 \(\upmu\)L PBS; 100 \(\upmu\)L fixation buffer was added, and then they were stored at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 20-60 min under darkness.