# Modified Echo State Network Enabled Dynamic Duty Cycle for Optimal Opportunistic Routing in EH-WSNs
## 5 Results and Discussion
### Impact of Varying Average Energy Harvesting Rate  
In this scenario, we vary the average energy-harvesting rate as 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mW with a fixed number of nodes as 500. Figure 10 demonstrates the comparison of the proposed OOR scheme with existing schemes. In terms of delay. The analysis demonstrates that the delay of the proposed OOR scheme is lower than the existing ESN-based, AOR, and Max-SNR schemes, respectively. From the above Figure 10 it can find out that delay decreases with an increase in average energy harvesting rate, and the reason behind is that the number of nodes is 500, and the average energy  
Figure 10: Delay comparison with varying average energy harvesting rates. Figure 9: Detailed performance reflection of OOR with throughput parameter. harvesting rate is increasing gradually from 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mW. Now active relay nodes will be high as compared with sleeping relay nodes, and consequently, the delay will decrease. Next, Table 4 depicts the performance of the OOR scheme with variation in the average energy harvesting rates. Also, Table 4 shows the percentage improvement and average percentage improvements both. In case of delay, the average percentage improvement of OOR is 38.17, 59.03, and 67.03 as compared to ESN-based, AOR, and Max-SNR respectively. Further, we can show the performance comparison of OOR in a more illustrative way in the following Figure 11.  
Analysis of Delay performance parameter in second scenario (varying the average energy harvesting rates(mW)  
In Figure 11, the five different columns in the first part of the figure show the outcomes of the delay parameter with variation in average energy harvesting rates for each scheme, respectively. For example, consider different columns of the OOR scheme in the first part of the figure; the first column represents the value of delay parameter as 80 ms at 20 mW average energy harvesting rate whereas the fifth column depicts the value of 7.85 ms at 100 mW average energy harvesting rate. In the second part of the figure, the five different columns show the percentage improvement, and the sixth column depicts the average percentage improvement. Figure 12 demonstrates the comparison of the packet delivery ratio of the proposed OOR scheme and existing schemes. The graph clearly shows that the packet delivery ratio of the proposed OOR scheme is higher than the existing ESN-based, Max-SNR, and AOR schemes, respectively. Here also, it may be observed that increasing the average harvesting rate, packet delivery ratio (PDR) increases, in this case, we have fixed the number of nodes as 500, and the average energy-harvesting rate is increasing gradually. Due to the multistage relay set optimization mechanism, the possibility of selecting the sleeping forwarder node is very less in our approach. Next, Table 5 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Delay (ms) Comparison with Varying Average Energy**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**\% Improvement of OOR as Compared with Existing Schemes**} \\ \hline
**Energy** & & & & & **\% Gain of OOR** & **\% Improvement of** \\
**Harvesting** & **AOR** & **Max-SNR** & **ESN** & **OOR** & **Compared with ESN** & **Compared with** & **OOR Compared** \\
**Rate (mW)** & & & & & & **Max-SNR** & **with AOR** \\ \hline
20 & 160 & 140 & 120 & 80 & 33.33 & 42.86 & 50.00 \\
40 & 112.5 & 90.6 & 70.8 & 57.6 & 18.64 & 36.42 & 48.80 \\
60 & 90.75 & 70.45 & 50.6 & 24.95 & 50.69 & 64.58 & 72.51 \\
80 & 80 & 60 & 40 & 20 & 50.00 & 66.67 & 75.00 \\
100 & 70.45 & 50.95 & 23.45 & 7.85 & 66.52 & 84.59 & 88.86 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Average \% Improvement \(\rightarrow\)**} & & & **38.17** & **59.03** & **67.03** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Descriptive observations of OOR performance in terms of delay (second scenario). Figure 11: Detailed performance reflection of OOR with delay parameter (second scenario). depicts the performance of the OOR scheme with variation in the average energy harvesting rates.