# A Survey of Blockchain Applications for Management in Agriculture and Livestock Internet of Things
## 4 Applications of Blockchain in Agricultural and Animal Husbandry IoT
### Data Management
#### 4.1.1 Data Management and Storage  
This subsection explores the significance of data management and storage in modern technology applications, particularly in the fields of agricultural IoT and livestock IoT. We analyze the challenges present in current systems, as well as challenges related to data sharing, security, and privacy, which significantly impact data management. Additionally, the enhancement of data management and storage within agricultural and livestock IoT through blockchain solutions is discussed. Article [73] discusses the extensive deployment of IoT devices in modern smart agriculture and aquaculture, enabling remote monitoring capabilities. These devices facilitate optimal management of resources and maximization of profits by precisely monitoring environmental parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, and pH values. However, the process involves challenges in data sharing and security management, particularly concerning privacy protection and data processing transparency. The reliance on central servers for current IoT security solutions not only incurs high energy and resource costs but also poses risks of single-point failures, undermining analysts' trust in data management. To tackle these issues, papers [83; 84; 85; 86] introduce blockchain technology as an innovative solution, revolutionizing agricultural sharing by removing single-point failure vulnerabilities and enhancing data immutability and transparency. Its application extends beyond establishing smart farms and tracking food supply chains to bolster agricultural data security and trustworthiness. Despite facing challenges such as high computational demands for consensus algorithms, integration with existing systems, and large-scale agricultural data storage, blockchain offers an effective, distributed, privacy-focused framework for data management and sharing, potentially driving innovation and growth in the agricultural sector. Acknowledging blockchain technology's role in managing agricultural data and exploring its consequences for interconnected sectors becomes imperative. In China, the livestock industry plays a crucial role in agricultural output and farmers' income but is susceptible to risks like disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and market volatility. To alleviate these risks, livestock insurance has been implemented, but inefficiencies and high costs persist due to the absence of real-time, reliable data on livestock environments. Market opacity and fluctuations further complicate accurate market forecasting for breeders. Addressing these challenges, article [6] proposes a blockchain and IoT-based environmental monitoring platform for livestock sheds. By assigning unique digital identities and RFID ear tags to each animal, the platform ensures precise matching of livestock with their digital profiles, enabling real-time monitoring by government and financial institutions. This system, powered by blockchain and IoT technologies, not only guarantees data authenticity and regulatory transparency but also automates livestock insurance processes through smart contracts. This significantly enhances efficiency and transparency while reducing costs, potentially fostering widespread adoption of livestock insurance. Moreover, the fusion of blockchain technology with the IoT has been crucial across multiple sectors, especially in improving product traceability and ensuring the safety of food. A wide array of organizations and institutions now harness blockchain technology to document transactional data. These applications of technology have proven to be highly effective in securing the traceability of agricultural goods and food safety. For example, by storing information related to agricultural commodities and food production on a decentralized blockchain network, stakeholders can perpetually track every stage of distribution, thereby guaranteeing the integrity and transparency of each transaction and phase of production.