## 1 Introduction  
Various factors, such as seismic excitations, corrosion of the steel reinforcement, fire exposure, and fatigue, have been identified as the leading causes of severe structural degradation. Moreover, deterioration and damage to critical Reinforced Concrete (RC) members can adversely affect the structures' ability to withstand future operating conditions, escalating the risk of catastrophic collapses, casualties, and potential economic loss if not mitigated effectively [1]. In addition, RC members in existing structures are often demonstrated to be under-reinforced in terms of shear capacity, mainly due to outdated and old design codes/standards [2]. Furthermore, climate change induces extreme effects with lower-than-designed restoration periods, imposing the necessity of strengthening the structural integrity of existing and mainly older RC structures [3]. In addition, as urban populations continue to grow, there is an increasing demand for renovating and strengthening existing buildings. One of the significant challenges in urban environments is effectively utilizing the existing infrastructure by combining structural and energy retrofitting upgrades, particularly in regions prone to seismic activity or coastal areas that suffer from corrosion [4]. Thus, the approach mentioned above protects previous investments in energy efficiency and contributes to sustainable urban development aligned with the concept of smart, resilient, and sustainable cities [5]. Reinforcing RC elements can be gleaned to the below primary reasons: achieve higher load demands, changes in the structural system, design flaws, construction errors, accidental damage, or adjustments due to reduced steel reinforcement stress and deflection limits [6]. Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly important to find cost-effective and feasible methods to strengthen RC elements [7]. In particular, RC beams are critical components of the load-bearing capacity. Hence, efficient strengthening techniques are needed to ensure the performance level of the structures [8]. RC jacketing is a well-established method for reinforcing deficient RC elements [9; 10]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that traditional RC jacketing significantly improves the load-bearing capacity and stiffness, enhancing overall structural performance. [PERSON] et al. used a steel-fiber-reinforced concrete jacket to achieve enhanced flexural strength in recycled aggregate concrete beams [11]. [PERSON] et al. retrofitted shear-damaged RC T-Beams using a U-Shaped Jacket [12], and [PERSON] et al. implemented Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) and high-strength steel mesh reinforcement to rehabilitate seismically damaged RC beam-column joints [13]. Further, [PERSON] et al. achieved an analysis of the improved properties of RC beams strengthened using concrete jackets [14], and [PERSON] et al. comparatively investigated the behaviors of different corroded RC members strengthened by different types of concrete jackets [15]. However, traditional RC jacketing has some drawbacks, including altering the structural dynamic properties due to the increased mass and stiffness and requiring labor-intensive installation processes. The latter has prompted researchers to explore alternative jacketing materials. Thus, [PERSON] et al. presented a review regarding the use of bolted side plates for the shear strengthening of RC beams [16]. Further, [PERSON] et al. used different steel configurations to strengthen non-conforming RC shear walls [17]. Moreover [PERSON] et al. strengthened of two-way concrete slabs with FRP composite laminates [18], [PERSON] et al. investigated the shear resistance of RC members with a closed FRP jacket [19], and [PERSON] et al. examined the shear transferring mechanism of the FPR-to-concrete bonded joint with end U-Jacketing [20]. In addition, [PERSON] investigated the effectiveness of Carbon-FRP (C-FRP) jackets and RC jackets in the post-earthquake and pre-earthquake retrofitting of Beam-Column Subassemblages [21]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al.