## 3 Results and Discussion
### Volatile Compounds
#### 3.4.12 Volatile Phenols
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Differences in Concentration**} \\ \cline{6-13}
**Co.** & **Volatile Compounds** & **ID** & **LRI\({}_{\text{e}}\)** & **LRI\({}_{\text{1}}\)** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**One-Way ANOVA**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Two-Way ANOVA**} \\ \cline{6-13}  & & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2021**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**2022**} & & \\ \cline{6-13}  & & & & & **SCE** & **SPA** & **SCE** & **SPA** & **Y** & **H** & **Y** \(\times\)**H** \\ \hline FL10 & \(\gamma\)-Hexalactone & B, C & 1710 & 1710 & 2.99 & 2.52 & 3.02 & 3.41 & n.s. & n.s. & n.s. \\ FL11 & \(\alpha\)-Methyl-\(\gamma\)-crotonolactone & B, C & 1729 & 1726 & 0.19 & 0.19 & 0.18 & 0.21 & n.s. & n.s. & n.s. \\ FL12 & \(\gamma\)-Ethoxybutylolactone & B, C & 1735 & 1728 & **0.21\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.17\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & 0.15 & 0.18 & n.s. & **22** & \({}^{\star}\) \\ FL13 & \(\gamma\)-Cotonolactone & B, C & 1766 & 1758 & 0.47 & 0.50 & 0.43 & 0.50 & n.s. & n.s. & n.s. \\ FL14 & 5-Ethyl-2(5H)-furanone & B, C & 1768 & 1754 & n.d. & n.d. & 0.04 & 0.06 & - & - & - \\ FL15 & \(\delta\)-Hexalactone & B, C & 1804 & 1798 & 0.66\({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.52\({}^{\text{b}}\) & 1.52 & 1.53 & n.s. & **22** & n.s. \\ FL16 & \(\gamma\)-Heptalactone & B, C & 1815 & 1811 & 0.33 & 0.34 & 0.45 & 0.42 & n.s. & n.s. & n.s. \\ FL17 & \(\beta\)-Methyl-\(\gamma\)-butylrolactone & B & 1816 & - & **1.85\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **2.29\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.18\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **0.28\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **SPA** & **21** & \({}^{\star}\) \\ FL18 & \(\gamma\)-Octalactone & B, C & 1926 & 1924 & **5.05\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **3.89\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & 8.02 & 7.59 & n.s. & **22** & n.s. \\ FL19 & \(\delta\)-Octalactone & A, B, C & 1976 & 1976 & **0.71\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.53\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & 0.97 & 0.89 & n.s. & **22** & n.s. \\ FL20 & \(\gamma\)-Pantalactone & B, C & 2035 & 2034 & n.d. & n.d. & 0.39 & 0.39 & - & - & - \\ FL21 & \(\gamma\)-Nonalactone & A, B, C & 2040 & 2046 & 4.63 & 4.12 & 7.68 & 6.66 & n.s. & **22** & n.s. \\ FL22 & \(\beta\)-Sofperone & B, C & 2076 & 2096 & **1.28\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **1.68\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & 0.08 & 0.07 & **SPA** & **21** & \({}^{\star}\) \\ FL23 & 2-Hydroxy-\(\gamma\)-butylrolactone & B & 2076 & - & 0.11 & 0.27 & n.d. & n.d. & - & - & - \\ FL24 & \(\gamma\)-Decalactone & B, C & 2154 & 2152 & 2.45\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **1.69\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & 2.70 & 2.57 & **SCE** & **22** & n.s. \\ FL25 & \(\delta\)-Decalactone & B, C & 2197 & 2193 & **0.71\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.38\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & 0.72 & 0.53 & **SCE** & n.s. & n.s. \\ FL26 & \(\gamma\)-Undecalactone & B, C & 2235 & 2235 & 4.66 & 4.22 & 10.98 & 8.48 & n.s. & **22** & n.s. \\ FL27 & 5-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-\(\gamma\)- & & B, C & 2324 & 2343 & n.d. & n.d. & **0.31\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **0.56\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & - & - & - \\ FL28 & \(\gamma\)-Dodecalactone & B, C & 2380 & 2384 & 0.24 & 0.20 & 0.18 & 0.17 & n.s. & **21** & n.s. \\ FL29 & 4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-\(\gamma\)- & & B, C & 2386 & 2431 & **1.33\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **6.51\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **1.42\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **5.75\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **SPA** & n.s. & n.s. \\  & butylolactone & & & & & & & & & & \\ FL30 & \(\delta\)-Dodecalactone & B, C & 2430 & 2423 & **0.36\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.16\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & 0.24 & 0.17 & **SCE** & **21** & \({}^{\star}\) \\ FL31 & \(\gamma\)-Tridecalactone & B, C & 2488 & 2488 & 0.70 & 0.29 & 0.03 & 0.03 & **SCE** & **21** & \({}^{\star}\) \\ FL32 & Mevalonic acid \(\delta\)-lactone & B & 2551 & - & **0.21\({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.14\({}^{\text{b}}\)** & n.d. & n.d. & - & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Abbreviations: Co.—compound’s code; ID—identification of compounds: A—retention time accordant with that of a pure standard; B—mass spectra accordant with that from NIST 2.0, Wiley 8, and FFNSC 2 mass spectra electronic libraries or literature; C—linear retention index (LRI) accordant with an index from literature (compounds with only B in the ID column were considered tentatively identified); LRI—experimental linear retention index; LRI—linear retention index from literature; n.s.—not significant; n.d.—not detected. One-way ANOVA section: different superscript lowercase letters represent statistically significant differences between the two investigated wines determined by one-way ANOVA at \(p<0.05\) for each harvest year separately. Two-way ANOVA section: designations are reported representing yeast (SCE, SPA) and harvest year (21, 22) with higher concentration determined by two-way ANOVA at \(p<0.05\) with yeast (Y) and harvest year (H) as factors. An asterisk indicates a significant interaction between the two factors (Y \(\times\) H). Significant differences are highlighted in bold.  
\end{table}