# Smart Home Technology Solutions for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
###### Abstract
On the other hand, designing SHT in consultation with dementia patients, their caregivers, clinicians, and health and social care service providers to satisfy the functional, psychosocial, and environmental needs results in the development of SHT that provide patient-centric interventions and assist in seamlessly transitioning to clinical practice and public health strategy [17]. Finally, with the advances in sensor technology, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI), unobtrusive SHT systems would facilitate real-time monitoring of people's health. Most CVD deaths occur while the individuals are at home and care homes [18]. However, healthcare systems to support CVD patients at home are lacking [7]. The associated healthcare expenses, human lives lost, and declining productivity due to CVD [19] increase the burden on hospitals in minimising healthcare costs and challenges to improve individuals' quality of life [20]. With the development of wearable sensors, the monitoring of CVD related physiological signs such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), heart rate (HR), body temperature, electrodermal activity (EDA), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), BP, respiration rate (RR), and activity-related signals can be easily monitored remotely from home [21]. Additionally, digital health technologies, including smartphone applications (apps) integrated with physiological sensors, can improve individuals' health outcomes at home [22; 23; 24]. With an increasing proportion of the older population and increased time spent at home, there is a need to monitor and maintain the health and well-being of CVD patients in home settings. Moreover, restricting individuals within their homes as a preventive measure against COVID-19 increases CVD risks [10], and individuals spending longer durations at home and working from home could be the new normal in the future [25; 26]. Recent studies have evaluated home-based chronic disease monitoring and CVD management [27; 28; 29]. For example, a study evaluated home-based information and communications technologies (ICT) interventions in chronic disease management [27]. A review described various ICT intervention platforms to deliver alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) homecare programs [29]. Furthermore, a systematic review assessed the evidence around mHealth interventions for CR and heart failure (HF) management for service and patient outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and implementation scope for rural and remote cardiac patients [28]. However, there is no available recent literature evaluating SHT for CVD management to our knowledge. Hence, we have undertaken this systematic review to explore the different technologies available for CVD management in an SHT for adults and identify commercially available technologies acceptable to end-users. The paper is organised as follows: Section 2 describes the materials and methods, the results are given in Section 3 and discussion in Section 4, followed by the conclusions in Section 5. The following are the significant contribution of our study to the body of knowledge:* A systematic review of technological solutions for CVD in smart home settings. * Highlight the paucity in SHT for CVD management. * Underline the imperative need for remote health monitoring systems integrated with SHT for CVD management. * Future directions for developing a real-time CVD monitoring system in smart home settings integrating the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and big data analytics.