# Towards Intelligent Zone-Based Content Pre-Caching Approach in VANET for Congestion Control
## 1 Introduction  
The term vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) is adapted from the ad hoc nature of the networks. VANET is an emerging new technology to integrate the capabilities of new-generation wireless networks into vehicles. The idea of VANET is to provide: (1) ubiquitousconnectivity while on the road to mobile users who are otherwise connected to the outside world through other networks at home or the workplace, and (2) efficient vehicle-to-vehicle communications that enable intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Therefore, vehicular ad hoc networks are also called intervehicle communications (IVC) or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications [1]. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) uses information and communication technologies (ICT) to connect, communicate, and share information more efficiently, smarter, and in greater quantity. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) provide wireless communication for efficient and remote communication among vehicles in transportation services. In VANET, the vehicles communicate using wireless communication among other vehicles, roadside units (RSUs), and base stations (BSS). Safety messages and information exchange are among the most important aspects of modern communication in VANET [2]. The messages were exchanged in VANET to save passengers and drivers from road accidents, save many lives, and handle traffic congestion. Communication is only possible and provides an effective way to compensate differently. In the last few years, the data and their exchange among multiple devices are still issues that enhance the problem of data management and data establishment policies. Especially in the last decade, data production has been enhanced unprecedentedly. According to tech joint CISCO, data management, and exploration were enhanced up to 7.2 exabytes per month in 2021 [3]. Mobile cloud technologies enhanced data requests and responses, which established the functioning of multiple mobiles and other cloud servers. There are several reasons which come up in the form of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), cloud ad hoc networks (CANET), etc. These no longer support central command servers with application request and response requirements [4]. ITS offers communication among multi-hop wireless communication with aspects to increase the number of ranges established for the communication aspects of the live transmission power and enhance the working of different scenarios. The exchange of information in this network is possible by exchanging multiple wireless communication networks that establish the network range and enhance the trustable and wireless communication protocols' working mechanism [5]. Long-distance communication in VANET increases vehicle load, low quality of experience (QoE), and long transmission delay. These may cause network congestion and provide robust and effective road safety and condition overloading in different network ranges [6]. On the other hand, centralized group management policies provide data privacy and security. The content request and response from the RSU or BSS may cause transmission delay and provide a range for the transmission equipment transmission parameters [7]. The delay may only be overcome through content pre-caching strategies implemented in VANET to support the quality of service, increase transmission time, the less average delay in content access and content requests, and content prediction accuracy inside the network to distribute and provide an effective mechanism to support and enhance the capital working of different parameters, and ultimately cache hit ratio for the different platforms. VANET provides three main components, which include: the application unit (AU), on-board unit (OBU), and roadside unit (RSU) [8]. Figure 1 provides the effective communication range for VANET architecture. The dynamic connectivity and the short period of communication of the VANET cause very limited service coverage for vehicles and drivers to access the content.