## 3 Conclusions  
This review has provided a comprehensive overview of the developments, classification, trends, and advances in new electromagnetic shielding materials. It gives a thorough literature review of the EMI shielding properties of new EMI shielding materials such as biochars, scaffolds, rare earth, and ferrite-based materials. A detailed discussion is given regarding the preparation methods, structure, EMI shielding performance, EMI shielding mechanisms, and application perspectives of these materials.  
Looking ahead, the prospects for and research on electromagnetic shielding materials should focus on scalability, improving performance, cost-effectiveness, sustainability, versatility, and production methods to advance new materials like biochars, scaffolds, rare earth, and ferrite-based materials as novel EMI shielding solutions. Biochars are promising eco-friendly, sustainable, and renewable materials that can be potentially used as EMI shielding materials in electronic devices and construction materials, similar to scaffolds, new-generation, easy-to-manufacture materials with excellent EMI shielding performance. Although MXene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based composites are highly efficient EMI shielding materials due to their large free surface area, high aspect ratio, chemical stability, and lightweight nature, the large number of synthetic phases leads to their high price. Carbon-based nanomaterials derived from biomass are being developed in a quest for new, cost-efficient, sustainable, and affordable materials.  
The current disadvantages of these materials are the thickness of the shielding barrier and lack of transparency, which limit some applications.  
Materials doped with rare earth elements have been developing over the last few years. They have specific structures, interfacial polarization, multiple reflections, and excellent conductive and EMI shielding properties. Combining the magnetic properties of ferrite-based materials with the electrical conductivity of carbon nanomaterials, composite materials can efficiently absorb, reflect, and dissipate electromagnetic energy across a broader frequency range. Although the materials showed outstanding EMI shielding performance, the price of REs will limit the application of these composites to more sophisticated and sensitive fields such as medicine.  
Their EMI shielding effectiveness, good magnetic and dielectric properties, excellent thermal stability, and high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength make biochars, scaffolds, rare earth, and ferrite-based materials ecological and sustainable solutions as new products for blocking EMWs.  
Conceptualization, S.J. and D.M.; validation, S.D., M.Y., K.H., B.N. and D.K.; resources, S.J. and M.Y.; writing--original draft preparation, S.J., S.D., D.K., M.Y., K.H., B.N. and D.M.; writing--review and editing, S.J., M.Y. and D.M.; supervision, S.J., M.Y., K.H., B.N. and D.M.; project administration, S.J.; funding acquisition, S.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by the European Union's Horizon Europe Coordination and Support Actions Programme under grant agreement No 101079151-GrInShield. [PERSON], S.D., D.K., and D.M. thank the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (grant number 451-03-136/2025-03/200017).  
This review article does not contain any original data. All data referenced in this article are publicly available from the sources cited in the references. No new datasets were generated or analyzed in this work.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.