## 4 Economic Interests  
As natural biopolymers, polysaccharides have excellent bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which have versatile applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, and nanomaterials [174]. In recent years, polysaccharides have led to strong development in global industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticalals, cosmeceuticals, and functional products but also in many other sectors still under-exploited such as bioremediation, pollution control and energy (Figure 5). This growth can be explained regarding the will for industries to male more natural and organic products. 72% of consumers estimate that organic products are better in quality [175]. Areas that can provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition have therefore been the focus of increasing interest [174]. Global polysaccharide industry operates in a highly regulated environment and exploiting plant material for polysaccharides extraction often requires respecting the famous Nagoya rules [1]. This protocol is based on access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge and the sharing of benefits arising from their use [1]. In other words, it aims to (i) share in a fair and equitable manner the benefits; (ii) establish a climate of mutual trust between users and providers; (iii) ensure legal security of transactions and (iv) encourage users and providers to allocate in-kind and financial benefits for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Polysaccharides from plants could be an important potential for their use in the medical and biomedical field as they are natural products. The global biopharmaceuticals market accounted for USD 186,470 million in 2017, and is projected to reach USD 526,008 million by 2025, registering a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 13.8% from 2018 to 2025 [176]. As seen previously, the absence of polysaccharide toxicity (or very low) is an important aspect for their medical use [177]. Toxicity testing is an important step in the drug development process evaluating the potential of a medicinal plant before it can be considered for clinical trials [73]. Numerous patents have been filed on the use of natural polysaccharides as active drug ingredients [178]. Polysaccharide products are applied almost exclusively by oral administration as immunostimulants and less frequently by injection or immersion for protection against pathogens. They could also reduce fatigue, enhance human immunity, or disturb sleep, regulate the endocrine system, or delay aging [179]. Polysaccharides can be used for tissue engineering, dressing (wound healing), and for administering controlled-release drugs. They can also be used as biosensors, but also implantable devices or for bio-imaging [180]. Polysaccharides have also enabled the development of biomedicine and biomaterials technologies. Galactoglycogen nanoparticles could be used as a functional material for multivalent binding with lectins [174]. Phytoglycogen nanoparticles possess properties of high-water retention, low viscosity, and exceptional aqueous dispersion stability, all of which will enable promising new technologies and therapies based on this natural nanomaterial [179,180]. The other role of polysaccharides in nanomaterials functions as a nano-factory for certain reactions. The specific characteristics of polysaccharides might also be used for aerogels. Developing aerogels to mimic extracellular matrices (ECM) in the body has led to various biomedical applications. Dynamic hydrogels are made from different polymers, but among them polysaccharides seem to be the most suitable mainly due to their abundance, low cost, adaptability, and biocompatibility. In addition, the large functional groups in their backbone make polysaccharides ideal for making dynamic hydrogels.