# Evaluation of Resilient Modulus and Rutting for Warm Asphalt Mixtures: A Local Study in Iraq
## 1 Introduction  
One of the most significant issues and obstacles that people globally must overcome is the environment, including global warming and energy use [1, 2]. Significant fuel and energy use, which results in pollutant emissions, is a factor with flexible pavement, which largely uses HMA [2]. Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) was created by road builders and pavement scientists to replace hot-mix asphalt (HMA) to lessen these environmental issues [1]. There are numerous challenges in asphalt pavements [3], and it is necessary to create bitumen with improved properties in comparison to traditional asphalt binder [4]. Now, it is possible to prepare the HMA at lower temperatures without impacting the performance of the mixture by making use of a variety of products that can lower the temperature. Up to 20% of production, temperatures can be decreased by these innovative items. Because there is more knowledge on climate change, transportation industry infrastructure professionals have been searching for ways to enhance current systems to protect natural resources and reduce energy emissions [5]. Numerous benefits of warm mix asphalt include the reduction of energy use, fuel burn emissions, and volatiles produced by heated asphalt binder at the paving site's manufacturing facility [6]. WMAs have several advantages compared with HMAs, although the advantages of WMA mixtures rely on the production process. It is therefore challenging to categorize various benefits [7]. However, warm-mix asphalt has the following advantages [8]:  
* Benefits for the environment because it was found that WMA's lower production temperature might greatly have fewer pollutants, gases, odors, and fume emissions, which would minimize global warming. * It makes it possible to use more waste resources, like recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and slower bitumen aging. * Longer haul distances, quicker pavement cooling, and improved workability are advantages of paving since bitumen viscosity is lower at paving temperature. * Benefits for the economy include lower energy use and lower wear on asphalt plants owing to lower temperatures. Because WMA uses 20-75% less energy during manufacture than HMA does, using it can result in lower production costs. * Additionally, it was shown that energy consumption is influenced by production temperature, the energy source, moisture content, and fuel type, heat capacity of the material. * The asphalt mixture's compacted state and workability are enhanced since WMA's additives make the asphalt binder less viscous. Using a WMA mixture could enable cold-weather paving because the mixing temperature of the mixture is closer to that of the surrounding air The reduction in combined heat is hence less extreme. Because paving and compaction can be done with greater time as well as longer hauling distances as a result of the closeness of the temperatures, the paving season is prolonged [9, 10, 11]. The WMA plants can be situated close to cities because they produce no noise, fumes, or pollutants. Additionally, if the plants were located at an appropriate distance from the construction sites, non-attainment areas might be paved [12, 13, 14]. Additionally, because of the slight temperature differential and the shorter cooling period following construction, traffic lanes can be opened sooner [15, 16]. This is especially desired when rehabilitating airports and heavily traveled roadways [16]. Zeolites, organic additives, chemical modifiers, and foaming devices are the four different kinds of WMA technology [17]. Technologies for warm mix asphalt have been utilized successfully in Europe for more than ten years. The effectiveness of WMA in the lab and the field has been the subject of numerous investigations. In the USA, WMA has received attention from many state DOTs. When it comes to performing research on various WMA technologies, At Auburn University, the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) has been a pioneer. Many innovations, including Sasobit, Evotherm, and Zeolite have been investigated in the lab [16].