## 5 Results and Discussion
### Satellite Spectral Analysis
#### 5.2.1 Spectral Analysis of Vegetation  
By utilizing the IPVI, a dense subsurface network of urban structures was found directly adjacent to the eastern section of the Dynasty 30 temple enclosure wall (Figure 5). In the IPVI image, the detected linear cromparks of possible buried structures exhibited a very high IPVI value (~0.72) in comparison to the rest of the surrounding area, thus indicative of a high level of plant vigor. Conventionally, as seen in studies on Roman ruins across Europe, darker vegetation marks (higher NDVI or IPVI value) are indicative of the presence of water or hollow features, such as ditches or ancient waterways. This is because the topsoil extends farther down in these locations than in the rest of the surrounding areas [43; 51]. In this instance, the vegetation growing atop the filled-in ditches and waterways usually has more nutrients and moisture and is, therefore, healthier and greener than the rest of the  
Figure 4: MNF-based K-Means classification showing vegetated versus non-vegetated (bare ground) land cover. vegetation (Figure 6). On the other hand, vegetation that appears more stressed and paler than the surroundings is most likely suggestive of the buried stone walls of buildings or forts [43; 51]. In this case, the topsoil is shallower with fewer nutrients and moisture than the rest of the vegetation. However, it is important to note that in Egypt the opposite case is true, as many structures are most often constructed of sun-dried mudbrick instead of stone. The Nile clay found in the mudbrick, as well as the vegetal binding materials, such as chaff or straw, act as a natural fertilizer that promotes vegetation growth instead of inhibiting the plant's development like stone. For this reason, in Egyptian case studies, vegetation growing above (mudbrick) walls will usually exhibit higher IPVI or NDVI values, thus mimicking the spectral signature of ditches and defunct waterways. From the buried structures uncovered in the eastern sector of the archaeological mound, the clearest installations that materialized were three long, narrow rectangular structures with a general east-west orientation (Figure 7). As seen in Figure 7, a rectilinear structure, named by the author \"Installation A\", is approximately 30 m long and 17.5 m wide and comprises six largely symmetrical rooms, which are each around 5-6 m wide. This rectangular installation also appeared to have a symmetrical sister structure immediately south of it (Installation B). The sister installation was not as well defined as Installation A, as only four of the six rooms could be easily delineated from the linear cromparks. To the immediate west of Installations A and B is the analogous Installation C, which is roughly the same length and width (~28-29 m by 17.5 m) of the other two and comprises five rooms/galleries instead of six. While the purpose or function of these newly detected structures is undetermined, they are evocative of a few comparable installations found at other sites in Egypt. At first glance, the structures look increasingly like Pharoanic storerooms. These long, narrow storage installations, similar to Installations A-C, were found in connection with a number of mortuary temples and palaces of the New Kingdom Period (c. 1550-1069 BCE). Specifically, this new architectural form (in association with temples) can be seen at the mortuary temple of [PERSON], the Ramesseum, Medinet Habu, [PERSON]'s palace at Malkata, and the [PERSON] at Abydos, in addition to several other temples in Egypt and Nubia [52]. Typically, these standardized magazines were very thick-walled to support the unbaked mudbrick arched roofing [53; 54]. A variety of commodities necessary for temple rituals and services were housed in these structures, including perishable foodstuffs such as wine, oils, honey, grain, and incense [55].