## 2 Measurement Set-Up and Procedure  
The suggested methods make use of the measurement set-up shown in Figure 2 (system for temperature distribution measurements) and in Figure 3 (noise measurement set-up). Both set-ups use the Atlas-Sollich power supply and measurement module (Multichannel Potentiostat Galvanostat) [31], controlled by the computer, collecting and processing all data. This module controls and registers current and voltage data parameters and further determines capacitance \(C\) and \(R_{ESR}\) values. The applied thermographic system for measurement of supercapacitors was presented in more detail in [26; 27]. In the conducted research, no modifications were made to the measurement procedures proposed in [25]. The following are only the main measurement conditions for the applied thermovision system using the VIGOcam v5 thermal imaging camera (VIGO System S.A., Ozarow Mazowiecki, Poland). Its basic technical parameters are presented in Table 1.  
In order to isolate test objects from external impacts, while taking tests, they were placed in a casing that was protecting them against direct effects of other external temperature fields. The inner surfaces of the protective casing were covered with a graphite layer in order to minimize reflections and to stabilize the emissivity of the background at a constant level. The tested samples were also coated with a graphite layer (Graphite 33 from Contact Cheme). In addition, a reference field was \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value/Function Description** \\ \hline Detector type & Non-cooled bolometric matrix \\ Spectrum range & \(8\div 14\)\(\upmu\)m \\ Image resolution & \(384\times 288\) \\ Thermal resolution & \(\leq\)0.065 \({}^{\circ}\)C (for temperature 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ Field of vision & \(15^{\circ}\times 11^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Basic parameters of VIGOcam v50 camera (adapted from [32]). Figure 2: Graphical illustration of exemplary thermographic results. introduced in the field of view of the camera. Thermographic measurements series of N thermograms were made in accordance with the time interval of 60 s as suggested in [27]. The obtained data was collected in a matrix consisting of N measurements having a size of \(388\times 288\) data of observed temperatures. The data on the thermographic assessment of tested samples was analyzed in an off-line manner according to the algorithm presented in [27]. It enabled the parameters supporting the assessment of the measurements to be obtained. The data presented in the paper refers to the determined values--maximum temperature increment (\(\Delta\)T\({}_{\text{Max}}\)) of the observed surface during the charging/discharging process. The use of other parameters proposed in [27] for the evaluation of supercapacitors is presented in [26]. The block diagram of the noise measurement set-up is shown in Figure 3. Analogously to the thermal imaging set-up, the Atlas-Sollich power supply module was applied to secure polarizing conditions. Low noise voltage preamplifier SR 560 was applied [33] and operated in the DC (DC coupling) range. The aim of the NI 4432 data acquisition board [34] was to sample noise time series using 24--bit analog-digital converter. A set of electrical relays disconnected the tested sample from the power supply unit when noise was recorded. This procedure eliminated interferences from the power supply unit. Additionally, the relays connected a loading resistor R = 100 \(\Omega\), applied to discharge the sample. The switching element is an electromagnetic relay ensuring stable connections, without eventual contact noise generation. When the specimen was discharged, the additive noise component in the discharging current, determined by RC time constants of the tested specimen (Figure 1)--proportional to exponential decay as e\({}^{\text{($-t/\text{RC}$)}}\) was observed. The voltage across the loading resistance which is proportional to the current supplied by the tested specimen was recorded.