# Blockchain Integrated IoT for Food Supply Chain: A Grey Based Delphi-DEMATEL Approach
## 7 Conclusions  
Conventionally, the FSC has continued to follow its traditional pattern of doing its operations and maintaining the coordination between different supply chain members. Currently, this sector is experiencing rapid growth and has started to adopt advanced technologies in farming, logistics, processing, and packaging of food products. Among these technologies, blockchain and IoT are considered a solution to several FSC challenges such as traceability, quality assessment, and coordination among supply chain partners. Therefore, this study is conducted to explore the adoption of the B-IoT in the FSC. As a result of the literature review, fourteen CSFs for the adoption of B-IoT have been identified. The CSFs are finalized using the grey Delphi method in combination with expert input. The findings indicate the presence of ten significant CSFs for the implementation of B-IoT in the FSC. These CSFs exist in relation to the operational and to the policy levels. Further, these identified CSFs have been examined to gain insight into them. After the identification of these CSFs, the causal relationships among these CSFs are explored with the help of the grey DEMATEL method. The grey DEMATEL method is utilised for the categorisation of the CSFs into influential and influence groups. The influential group consists of five CSFs including \"top management support\", \"knowledge management\", \"technology hardware readiness\", \"skilled personnel\" and \"high investment\". These CSFs are highly influential, so management needs to address these factors on a priority basis. The findings of this study motivate managers to adopt the B-IoT in their supply chain to improve their performance. Further, the causal relationships among the CSFs facilitates optimal utilisation of their resources.  
The limitation of this study provides scope for its extension. The first limitation of this study is that the CSFs of B-IoT are identified through the literature review, and there is a possibility of overlooking some significant CSFs. In addition to this, the finalisation of CSFs is also influenced by the experts' opinions and biases with respect to their working position and supply chain structure. Furthermore, the integration of blockchain and IoT is rarely studied, thus there is limited scope for the validation of the findings with existing literature. In addition to the modelling, this study could be extended by prioritisation of the CSFs using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ANP, Best Worst Method (BWM), and Proximity Indexed Value (PIV) methods. The grey DEMATEL method develops the cause-and-effect relationships among the CSFs, which is based on the limited number of experts. In future studies, the sample size of experts could be increased to get more generalized findings. Further, the grey set theory is applied to deal with the subjectivity that could be addressed by using the type 2 fuzzy number or Z number in future studies. In addition to this, the findings could be validated with multiple case studies. Instead of the grey DEMATEL method, other modelling tools such as ISM, TISM, and the Weighted Influence Non-linear Gauge System (WINGS) could be used in future studies. This study could be extended to other supply chains, such as the Agri-food supply chain, electronic supply chain, and dairy supply chain. Qualitative studies based on these CSFs are also done with the help of advanced statistical tools such as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and other multivariate analyses.  
R.S. and S.K. conceived the idea. [PERSON] surveyed the literature and found factors and collected the responses. S.K. contributed to the analysis, S.K. and R.S. wrote the paper, and [PERSON] edited the original draft and administered the project. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The data presented are available on request from the corresponding author.  
The authors declare