# Continuance Use of Cloud Computing in Higher Education Institutions: A Conceptual Model
## 4 Research Model and Hypotheses  
A robust theory of organizational level continuance of CC is yet to be developed [14]. Therefore, based on the theoretical and conceptual background outlined previously, this research used a method that complements and contextualize existing constructs in the IS continuance model through the lens of the TOE framework. We extended the IS continuance model [101] using constructs from dominants models in innovation organization-level IS post-adoption research which are IS success model [105; 120] (i.e., net benefits, system quality, and information quality) and IS discontinuance model [16] (i.e., technical integration, system investment, and competitive pressure). To keep our research model coherent and relevant, we identified additional contextual constructs from the literature as constructs to predict continuance use of CC in educational context (i.e., collaboration and regulatory policy). To structure our model, we took a technological-organizational-environmental approach by applying the lens of the TOE framework [102] to our research model (i.e., Technology context: net benefits, system quality, information quality, and technical integration; Organizational context: system investment, and collaboration; and Environmental context: regulatory policy, and competitive pressure). We also formulated related hypotheses to clarify our research agenda, emphasize research areas that need further investigation, and acquire requisite knowledge on CC continuance use. Figure 3 provides an overview of the original IS continuance model and this study's proposed extensions. The model is grounded at the organizational level of analysis [156], and the smallest unit of analysis is an individual CC. Based on a positivist, deterministic philosophical paradigm, a priori assumptions in the form of hypotheses were established for later statistical analysis to facilitate model validation. The propositions focus on the link between the independent variables encompassing the IS continuance model, IS success model, IS discontinuance model, and TOE framework, and the dependent variable, namely CC continuance use. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Constructs/Independent Variables**} \\ \cline{5-8}  & & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Technology**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Organization**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Environment**} \\ \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Theory/** \\ **Model** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Technology/Dependent** \\ **Variable** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Source** \\ **Source** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Technology** \\ **Technology** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} **Organization** \\ **Technology** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Environment** \\ **and** \\ **and** \\ **and** **in**The relationships among perceived usefulness and confirmation, continuance intention, and satisfaction, as noted by [PERSON] [101] in the context of system acceptance, are relevant for investigating CC continuance in HEIs. In this study, perceived usefulness was substituted by net benefits, which is a cognitive belief relevant to IS use [157]. In the context of TAM, perceived usefulness is considered a user's belief towards system usefulness [98]. Whereas in the organizational context, net benefit is considered a belief about the degree to which IS promotes organizational objectives. This definition is aligned with other organizational-level definitions [157, 158]. We thus propose the following hypotheses:  
**Hypothesis 1 (H1)**. : _An institution's satisfaction level with initial CC adoption positively influences its CC continuance use._  
**Hypothesis 2a (H2a)**. : _An institution's extent of confirmation positively influences its satisfaction with CC use._  
**Hypothesis 2b (H2b)**.