## 4 Proposed Work
### Cluster-Based Vehicle Motion Detection
Figure 13 depicts the evaluation of the false alarm rate for the proposed DBA-PA model and other existing approaches with respect to number of vehicles. The false rate increased as number of vehicles increased. DBA-PA had a low rate of false alarms due to the precise detection of driver behavior and generation of personalized assistance to the driver based on behavior. For instance, the rate for DBA-PA was around 5% when there were 100 vehicles in the environment, whereas the other existing approaches had an increased rate of false alarms up to 15%. These approaches detect driver behavior by considering a limited number of parameters, which contributes to the inefficiency of these approaches. #### 5.2.9 Impact of Safety Score

The safety score is the measure of overall safety contributed by the system. It is a significant measure in calculating the quality of an approach in improving the safety of drivers and the environment. Figure 14 is a comparison of the safety score of the proposed DBA-PA model and other existing approaches with respect to the number of vehicles. The score for DBA-PA was high compared with the other existing approaches because it contributed to improved safety for both the driver and environment. Driver safety is improved by providing accurate assistance, and the environmental safety is improved by implementing alert message dissemination, which is performed when the driver is detected as being in an emergency state. The existing approaches do not concentrate on environmental safety, which results in a reduced safety score. #### 5.2.10 Impact of Alert-Message-Dissemination Accuracy

The accuracy of alert message dissemination is a measure of how accurately alert messages are disseminated to surrounding vehicles. Figure 15 is the evaluation of the accuracy of the proposed DBA-PA model and EAC [13] and DADB [45] with respect to the number of emergency events. DBA-PA had a higher dissemination efficiency than the other approaches due to the optimal selection of surrounding vehicles both within the cluster and in the next region made in order to disseminate the alert messages. The dissemination is performed by using JSO Algorithm, which effectively disseminates the messages. If the next relay region does not have fog coverage, a virtual fog node is placed whose constraints are stated by the constraint-based quantum entropy function, thereby ensuring effective

Figure 13: Number of Vehicles vs. False Alarm Rate. dissemination. The existing approaches had very low efficiency in terms of dissemination due to the lack of knowledge of surrounding vehicles. From Figures 5-15, the proposed DBA-PA model was evaluated in terms of various parameters, and it was found that it outperformed the existing approaches through significant highlights, which are stated in the next section. ### Research Highlights

* The complexity involved in computing driver behavior dynamically is reduced by performing with MCB-HCC, which is carried out by E-RSUs. Then, the mobility of vehicles in each cluster is predicted by AttResNet, by which the vehicles are classified into three classes of mobility. * Driver behavior is analyzed on the basis of mobility, in which the behavior of a driver is analyzed by executing A3C from several physiological features of the driver, vehicular features, and environmental features of the surrounding environment. Here, driver behavior is detected accurately and classified into several states. * Alert messages are disseminated if the driver is found to be in a state of emergency, which is performed by the JSO Algorithm, in which the messages are disseminated in order to ensure safety to other surrounding vehicles both within the cluster and in a nearby region. * Personalized assistance is provided to the driver on the basis of the detected current state, which is executed by the multi-attribute utility model. The assistance is provided by utilizing the current location information of the vehicle, and assistance is provided for one or more detected driver states.