# Compatibility Analysis Between RedCap Non-Public Networks and 5G NR in TDD FR1 and FR2 Bands
## 6 Simulation Methodology  
The Monte Carlo method based on the generation of random samples according to ITU-specified probability distributions [19] was used in the study. In interference estimation, we used various random parameters, such as the location of interference sources, their power, direction of antenna patterns, propagation range of signals, etc. Figure 3: Antenna pattern in the FR2 band: (**a**) base station; (**b**) user equipment. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **FR1** & **FR2** \\ \hline Indoor user terminal usage & 70 m & 50 m \\ \hline Indoor user terminal penetration loss & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Rec. ITU-R P.2109} \\ \hline User equipment density for terminals that are & & 3 UEs per sector \\ transmitting simultaneously & & \\ \hline UE height & & 1.5 m \\ \hline Typical antenna gain for user terminals & \(-4\) dBi &
\begin{tabular}{c} Rec. ITU-R M.2101 \\ \(4\times 4\) elements with 5 dBi \\ one element \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Body loss & 3 dB & 5 dB \\ \hline Power control model & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Rec. ITU-R M.2101} \\ \hline Maximum user terminal output power, \(P_{\text{CMAX}}\) & 23 dBm & 22 dBm \\ \hline Power (dBm) target value per RB, \(P_{0\_\text{PUSCH}}\) & \(-92.2\) & \(-95\) \\ \hline Path loss compensation factor & 0.8 & 1 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: User equipment characteristics of the victim 5G NR networks in the FR1 and FR2 bands. Figure 2: Antenna pattern of base station in the FR1 band. After performing a large number of iterations (10,000 iterations in this study), the resulting mean values, probability distributions and other characteristics help to estimate the probabilities, statistical characteristics and behavior of the system under random impacts. The Round-Robin model was applied for the victim 5G NR network simulation. This method is used to allocate resources or tasks among several devices or processes in a cyclic order. When devices or subscribers request access to resources, the Round-Robin algorithm allocates access in turn, ensuring that resources are utilized evenly among the participants. This can be useful when resources need to be divided equally among multiple users or devices. The OFDMA network modeling algorithm applied assumes a full-system load of 100% with full buffer traffic and \(1/1\) frequency reuse (i.e., a single-frequency network), and takes into account intra-system interference in the reference cell due to UEs located in neighboring cells using the same resource blocks, as well as interference from UEs located in the reference cell using different resource blocks. The methodology assumes that UEs are located randomly throughout the network area according to a homogeneous geographical distribution. The channel model of the public 5G NR networks was in accordance with 3 GPP TR 36.821: Solutions for NR to Support Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). Figure 4 shows the simulation of RedCap interference (red dots) to the downlink and uplink of the 5G NR networks, where blue dots are victim receivers and green dots are victim transmitters. To calculate the throughput loss of uplink and downlink of 5G NR, it is primarily required to calculate the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of 5G NR links and interference (I) from RedCap transmitters. Then, the RedCap interference level should be added to the noise level of the 5G NR victim receiver to calculate the signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) ratio (see 3 GPP TR 38.901 Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz. Release 17). The obtained SINR levels should be compared with the curves in Figure 4 and throughput loss can be calculated using the following equation:  
\[\text{Throughput }[\text{Mbit/s}]=\frac{N_{RB\_per\_UE}}{N_{total\_RBs}}\cdot S_{ BiRate}\left(SINR\right)\cdot B \tag{1}\]  
where:  
_BitRate_: maximum bitrate in the channel, in bps;  
\(N_{RB\_per\_UE}\): number of research blocks per user;  
Figure 4: Simulation of the interference from RedCap to 5G NR: (**a**) interference to downlink; (**b**) interference to uplink.