## 3 Results
### Chemical Characteristics for Each DM Extract  
The results confirming the biochemical components in each DM extract are presented in Table 1. The \(\alpha\)-amyrin and \(\beta\)-amyrin were abundant in the order of the 60% ethanol extract from August > November > May. Commonly, the \(\alpha\)- and \(\beta\)-amyrin contents of 100% hydrothermal extracts in DM collected in May and August could not be derived below the quantitative limit. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was found for the 60% ethanol extract from August. The 60% ethanol extract from August contained the greatest amount of 4-methylcatechol and p-coumaric acid. The rutin content was highest in the 60% ethanol extract from May, and the extracts collected in May displayed the highest values out of all monthly extracts. Moreover, the rutin content decreased as the months passed, and the rutin content of November was lower than in the others. In all groups, except for extracts harvested in November, the higher the ethanol content in the extraction solvent, the higher the flavonoid compound content observed.  
Figure 5: The effect of _Dendropanax morbifera_ extracts on the nuclear factor \(\kappa\)B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Western blotting bands for the phosphorylation of proteins (**a**) and quantification of the band intensity on nuclear factor \(\kappa\)B (NF-\(\kappa\)B) (**b**), \(\kappa\)B kinase \(\alpha\) (IKK\(\alpha\)) (**c**), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (**d**), and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p38) (**e**). W100, hot water extracts; E30, 30% ethanol extracts; and E60, 60% ethanol extracts. Data are presented as the mean \(\pm\) SEs of triplicate determinations of independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. *: \(p<0.05\) compared to the LPS-treated group.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Month**} & **EOH** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\(\alpha\)-Amyrin**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\(\beta\)-Amyrin**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Chlorogenic Acid**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**4-Methylcatecholololololololol}{} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**p-Coumaric Acid**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Rutin (mg/g)**} \\  & **(\%)** & **(mg/kg)** & & **(mg/kg)** & & **(mg/g)** & & **(mg/g)** & & **(mg/g)** & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{May} & 0 & N.D. + & \(\ast\) & N.D. + & & 39.61 & \(\pm\) & 0.52 & 0.08 & \(\pm\) & 0.05 & 2.77 & \(\pm\) & 0.07 & 127.90 & \(\pm\) & 0.02 \\  & 30 & 24.39 & \(\ast\) & 1.31 & 37.86 & \(\pm\) & 1.13 & 71.44 & \(\pm\) & 1.48 & 0.38 & \(\pm\) & 0.13 & 5.21 & \(\pm\) & 0.12 & 167.00 & \(\pm\) & 3.05 \\  & 60 & 292.97 & \(\pm\) & 11.83 & 433.76 & \(\pm\) & 11.21 & 76.71 & \(\pm\) & 0.16 & 0.68 & \(\pm\) & 0.09 & 5.56 & \(\pm\) & 0.02 & 169.36 & \(\pm\) & 0.61 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{August} & 0 & N.D. \(\ast\) & \(\ast\) & N.D. \(\ast\) & & 60.40 & \(\pm\) & 0.07 & 0.21 & \(\pm\) & 0.04 & 5.38 & \(\pm\) & 0.02 & 105.31 & \(\pm\) & 2.20 \\  & 30 & 8.28 & \(\pm\) & 0.88 & 11.82 & \(\pm\) & 0.21 & 66.98 & \(\pm\) & 4.21 & 0.71 & \(\pm\) & 0.03 & 6.59 & \(\pm\) & 0.15 & 119.35 & \(\pm\) & 2.47 \\  & 60 & 876.70 & \(\pm\) & 18.20 & 1508.87 & \(\pm\) & 20.21 & 79.43 & \(\pm\) & 0.11 & 2.00 & \(\pm\) & 0.08 & 9.76 & \(\pm\) & 0.43 & 134.54 & \(\pm\) & 0.51 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{November} & 0 & 8.17 & \(\pm\) & 0.47 & 12.30 & \(\pm\) & 0.60 & 25.65 & \(\pm\) & 1.44 & N.D. \(\ast\) & & 2.20 & \(\pm\) & 0.00 & 43.45 & \(\pm\) & 0.22 \\  & 30 & N.D. \(\ast\) & 4.94 & \(\pm\) & 0.59 & 41.76 & \(\pm\) & 0.81 & 0.12 & \(\pm\) & 0.06 & 4.70 & \(\pm\) & 0.06 & 47.88 & \(\pm\) & 0.22 \\  & 60 & 860.65 & \(\pm\) & 35.97 & 1399.34 & \(\pm\) & 59.38 & 42.87 & \(\pm\) & 1.53 & 0.08 & \(\pm\) & 0.05 & 3.92 &