## 3 Structural Characteristics of Ginger Polysaccharides
### Chemical Structures
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Source** & **Compound Name** & **Molecular Weights** & **Monosaccharide Composition** & **Ref.** \\ \hline Rhizome & Ginger polysaccharide 2 (GP2) & 12.619 kDa & Ara:Man:Glu:Gal = 4.78:16.70:61.77:16.75 & [45] \\ \hline Rhizome & Ginger polysaccharide 1 (GP1) & 6.128 kDa & Man:Glu:Gal = 4.96:92.24:2.80 & [45] \\ \hline Rhizome & Ginger polysaccharide (GP) & N/A & Rha:Ara:Man:Glu:Gal = 3.64:5.37:3.04:61.03:26.91 & [45] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ginger pomace} & Ginger pomace polysaccharide 1 & \multirow{3}{*}{89.2 kDa} & Man:Rha:Glu = 19.40 \(\pm\) 0.06:12.27 \(\pm\) 0.05:68.33 \(\pm\) 0.24 & [46] \\  & (HW-GPP1) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ginger pomace} & Ginger pomace polysaccharide 2 & \multirow{3}{*}{939.8 kDa} & Man:Rha:Glu:Xyl:Ara = 11.84 \(\pm\) 0.13: \\  & extracted by hot water & & 9.36 \(\pm\) 0.02:58.05 \(\pm\) 0.07:12.68 \(\pm\) 0.15: \\  & (HW-GPP2) & & 8.07 \(\pm\) 0.08. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ginger pomace} & Ginger pomace polysaccharide 3 & \multirow{3}{*}{1007.9 kDa} & Man:Rha:Glu:Gal:Xyl:Ara = 11.33 \(\pm\) 0.05: \\  & extracted by hot water & & 13.90 \(\pm\) 0.03:50.01 \(\pm\) 0.13:10.96 \(\pm\) 0.13: \\  & (HW-GPP3) & & 4.73 \(\pm\) 0.09:9.07 \(\pm\) 0.14 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ginger pomace} & Ginger pomace polysaccharide 1 & \multirow{3}{*}{40.6 kDa} & Man:Rha:Glu = 17.56 \(\pm\) 0.11: \\  & extracted by ultrasonic–assisted & & 7.72 \(\pm\) 0.29:74.72 \(\pm\) 0.27 & [46] \\  & (UA-GPP1) & & 868.1 kDa & Man:Rha:Glu:Xyl:Ara = 13.18 \(\pm\) 0.05: \\  & (UA-GPP2) & & 9.03 \(\pm\) 0.08:63.78 \(\pm\) 0.14:8.97 \(\pm\) 0.15: \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ginger pomace} & Ginger pomace polysaccharide 3 & \multirow{3}{*}{892.7 kDa} & Man:Rha:Glu:Gal:Xyl:Ara = 1.03 \(\pm\) 0.02:59.28 \(\pm\) 0.11: \\  & (UA-GPP3) & & 4.33 \(\pm\) 0.03:12.19 \(\pm\) 0.12:6.87 \(\pm\) 0.05 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Rhizome} & A neutral ginger polysaccharide fraction (NGP) & \multirow{3}{*}{6.305 kDa} & Glu:Gal:Ara = 93.88:3.27:1.67 & [47] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Rhizome} & A water extracted & \multirow{3}{*}{36 kDa} & \multirow{3}{*}{N/A} & [48] \\  & polysaccharides (WEP) & & & \\  & containing fraction from ginger & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Rhizome} & Ginger polysaccharides were extracted by hot water\(Cont.\) extraction (HGP) & 1831.75 kDa & Man:Gal = 3.1:0.9 & [43] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Rhizome} & Ginger polysaccharides were extracted by enzyme assisted extraction (EGP1) & 11.81 kDa & Man:Glu:Gal:Ara = 13.38:07:4.02.0 & [43] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Rhizome} & Ginger polysaccharides were extracted by enzyme assisted extraction (EGP2) & \multirow{3}{*}{688.73 kDa} & Man:Rha:Glu:Gal:Xyl:Ara = 49.4:0.8:32.67.7:2.5:7.0 & [43] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Rhizome} & Ginger polysaccharides were extracted by ultrasonic cell & \multirow{3}{*}{769.19 kDa} & Man:Glu: Gal:Ara = 28.0:59.2:9.6:3.2 & [43] \\  & grinder extraction (UGP1) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Rhizome} & Ginger polysaccharides were extracted by ultrasonic cell & \multirow{3}{*}{1432.80 kDa} & Man:Rha:Glu:Gal:Xyl:Ara = 27.2:2.12:0.26.3:10.521.7 & [43] \\  & grinder extraction (UGP2) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Stems and leaves} & Polysaccharides from ginger stems and leaves (GSLP) by hot water extraction (HWE-GSLP) & N/A & Man:Rha:Glu:Gal:Xyl:Ara:Glc:GalA = 1.95:17.22:4.69:38.88:5.66:28.42:1.81:1.34 & [32] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Source, compound name, molecular weights, and monosaccharide composition of ginger polysaccharides.