# Nanomaterial Databases: Data Sources for Promoting Design and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials
## 2 Brief Description of the Databases  
Many nanomaterial databases have been developed. After exploring their accessibility and data abundancy, eight databases (caNanoLab, eNanoMapper, NR, NBIK, NKB, NIL, Nanowerk, and PubVINAS) were found to be publicly accessible and contained rich information on various aspects of nanomaterials. These databases should be informative to the scientists in the community of nanoscience. Therefore, to help scientists better utilize them, we briefly describe the aspects of objective, data abundancy, and function of these databases. The basic information including websites, nanomaterials recorded, and major features of the eight databases is provided in Table 1.  
The caNanoLab is a nanomaterial database that facilitates nanotechnology development in biomedicine by enabling information sharing across the international biomedical nanotechnology community [46; 47]. The database has 1383 unique nanomaterial data records. Users can narrow down the data records by specifying nanomaterial entity, functionalizing entity, characterization type, and function of the nanomaterial of interest. The caNanoLab contains detailed information about the experimental design, composition, characterizations (physicochemical, in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo) and publications of nanomaterials. The physicochemical properties of nanomaterials include size, shape, composition, purity, molecular weight, surface area, and relaxivity. Biological experimental data such as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, immunotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics are collected in this database. The experimental data can be exported in JSON, XML, and XLSX formats. Furthermore, caNanoLab supports the annotation of nanomaterials with characterizations and guarantees the sharing of the data in a secure manner. eNanoMapper, supporting the collaborative safety assessments for engineered nanomaterials, was developed in the eNanoMapper project funded through the European \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Database** & **Website** & **Records** & **Remark** \\ \hline caNanoLab & [[https://cananolab.nci.nih.gov/](https://cananolab.nci.nih.gov/)]([https://cananolab.nci.nih.gov/](https://cananolab.nci.nih.gov/)) & 1383 & Nanotechnology in biomedicine \\ \hline eNanoMapper & [[https://data.enanomapper.net/](https://data.enanomapper.net/)]([https://data.enanomapper.net/](https://data.enanomapper.net/)) & 2380 & Safety assessment of nanomaterials \\ \hline NR & [[https://nanomaterialiregistry.net/](https://nanomaterialiregistry.net/)]([https://nanomaterialiregistry.net/](https://nanomaterialiregistry.net/)) & 2031 & Physicochemical properties \\ \hline Nanowerk & [[https://www.nanowerk.com/](https://www.nanowerk.com/)]([https://www.nanowerk.com/](https://www.nanowerk.com/)) & 3785 & Commercially available nanomaterials \\ \hline NBIK & [[http://nbi.oregonstate.edu/](http://nbi.oregonstate.edu/)]([http://nbi.oregonstate.edu/](http://nbi.oregonstate.edu/)) & 147 & Exposure effect in embryo zebrafish \\ \hline NIL & [[http://nanoparticlelibrary.net/](http://nanoparticlelibrary.net/)]([http://nanoparticlelibrary.net/](http://nanoparticlelibrary.net/)) & 88 & Physicochemical characteristics \\ \hline NKB & [[https://ssl.biomax.de/nanocommons/](https://ssl.biomax.de/nanocommons/)]([https://ssl.biomax.de/nanocommons/](https://ssl.biomax.de/nanocommons/)) & 598 & Nano-safety knowledge infrastructure \\ \hline PubVINAS & [[http://www.pubvinas.com/](http://www.pubvinas.com/)]([http://www.pubvinas.com/](http://www.pubvinas.com/)) & 725 & An online nano-modeling tool \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Popular databases of nanomaterials (all the web links were accessed on 16 February 2021). Seventh Framework Programme [48; 49]. It creates an infrastructure not only for data sharing and data analysis, but also for building computational toxicology models for engineered nanomaterials [50]. It is noteworthy that eNanoMapper integrates data from several data sources such as caNanoLab.