# Wind-Wave-Current Coupled Modeling of the Effect of Artificial Island on the Coastal Environment
## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, a coupled simulation system based on an unstructured grid SCHISM, the WWM-III wave model, and the MORSELFE sediment transport and topographic evolution model was used to simulate the dynamic processes of local water and sediment transport and the topographic evolution under interference from an artificial island in the offshore  
Figure 11: Vector diagram of velocity around the artificial island ((**a**) surge tidal current field; (**b**) plunging tidal current field) [the \(x\)-axis is the east longitude axis and the \(y\)-axis is the north latitude axis].  
Figure 12: Impact assessment of the artificial island’s demolition ((**a**) thickness distribution of scour and silt around the artificial island after demolition; (**b**) distribution of scour and silt thickness around the artificial island under standard conditions [the \(x\)-axis is the east longitude axis and the \(y\)-axis is the north latitude axis].  
area of Qionghai, Hainan Province. The field-measured data can drive complex coupled simulations of the wind, waves, and sediment transport. In particular, the local small-scale geometric characteristics of the artificial island significantly affect the distribution of hydrodynamics, suspended sediment, and topographic evolution in local waters. The coupled hydrodynamic wave-sediment simulation system based on a unified unstructured grid can reflect detailed information of the cross-scale, near-shore environmental evolution.  
Local disturbance from the artificial island led to the formation of eddies in the surrounding waters during the ebb and flow of the tides, resulting in the formation of local siltation and erosion pits, especially near the angle between the island and the coastline. Over time, siltation will form into tombolo bars, and erosion will be caused behind local walls such as the sharp corners of the artificial island. The simulation results showed that after the removal of the artificial island, most of the thickness of the scouring and silting will be reduced, and the seabed can return to its natural equilibrium state; however, the silting caused by local coastline morphology will still exist.  
There were also shortcomings in this study, such as the insufficient observational data on suspended sediment concentration and topographic evolution, which limited the demonstration and disclosure of more detailed information about near-shore sediment transport and topographic evolution under interference from the artificial island. Due to the lack of observational data on hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and topographic evolution during typhoons, the topographic evolution during typhoons was not analyzed in this paper. The influence of individual extreme typhoon events on the evolution of the coastal environment combined with the influence of the artificial island also needs to be studied in the future.  
Thanks to all the authors for their joint efforts, which were as follows. Investigation, K.Y., M.F., H.W. and G.F.; writing--original draft preparation, G.F.; writing--review and editing, J.L., K.Y., Y.S. and X.W.; project administration, J.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Command Center of Integrated Natural Resources Survey Center (KC20220009) and funded by the Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources in HaiChengWen Coastal Zone, grant number DD202030414.  
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Thanks to [PERSON] for his guidance and help. I would like to thank all the authors for writing this article together. Finally, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the editors and reviewers for their comments and suggestions.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.