## 3 Results
### Winter Trial  
In colonies where VarroMed was applied during wintertime, in the absence of brood, the recorded acaracide efficacy ranges from 71.8\(\%\) to 95.6\(\%\) (Table 5; Figure 7). Efficiacies in all treated groups differed when compared to control groups (Kruskal-Wallis test: H(7) = 62.07, \(p\) < 0.0001; [PERSON]'s tests: \(p\) < 0.05). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Statistics** & \begin{tabular}{c} **VARROMED \(\times\)5** \\ **(ITALY\_IZSLT)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **VARROMED \(\times\)5** \\ **(SLOVENIA)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **VARROMED** \\ **(ITALY\_IZSLT)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **CONTROL** \\ **(SLOVENIA)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **CONTROL** \\ **(SLOVENIA)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **CONTROL** \\ **(CROATIA)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Minimum & 1.5 & 1.3 & 34.0 & 42.6 & 0 & 19.0 \\ Maximum & 170.5 & 23.8 & 71.4 & 450.0 & 29.1 & 36.7 \\
1 st Quartile & 40.1 & 4.5 & 39.5 & 76.8 & 3.0 & 23.3 \\ Median & 75.9 & 8.6 & 50.4 & 115.6 & 12.1 & 26.5 \\
3 rd Quartile & 117.6 & 16.2 & 62.8 & 173.3 & 24.7 & 28.8 \\ Mean & 81.1 & 10.7 & 51.1 & 152.3 & 13.7 & 26.4 \\ Variance (n\({}^{-1}\)) & 33.7 & 0.8 & 1.9 & 154.5 & 1.7 & 0.3 \\ Standard & 58.0 & 8.9 & 13.8 & 124.3 & 13.0 & 5.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Variation of brood area in all groups recorded during the summer/autumn trial compared to the beginning of the treatment (\(\%\)). Figure 6: Box plot of brood area in all groups recorded during the summer/autumn trial compared to the beginning of the treatment (\(\%\)). The horizontal line in boxes shows the median. The box shows the first and third quartile. Whiskers extend to 1.5 \(\times\) interquartile range (IQR). Diamonds mark the outliers outside the 1.5 \(\times\) IQR. Additionally, the pluses show mean values. Small variations of coverage of adult honey bees were recorded but no statistically significant differences were observed (Table 6; Figure 8). No queen mortality and no clinical signs of other economically important diseases were observed. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Statistics** & \begin{tabular}{c} **VARROMED** \\ **(ITALY\_FEM)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **VARROMED** \\ **(ITALY\_IZSUT)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **VARROMED** \\ **(ITALY\_IZSUT)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **VARROMED** \\ **(ITALY\_IZSVE)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **CONTROL** \\ **(CROATIA)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **CONTROL** \\ **(ITALY\_FEM)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **CONTROL** \\ **(ITALY\_IZSUT)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **CONTROL** \\ **(ITALY\_IZSVE)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **CONTROL** \\ **(CROATIA)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Minimum & 70.6 & 62.4 & 84.6 & 81.1 & 71.6 & 80.6 & 91.3 & 85.7 \\ Maximum & 199.6 & 95.4 & 120.7 & 100 & 187.6 & 93.8 & 112.5 & 100 \\
1 st Quartile & 98.7 & 88.9 & 97.3 & 85.7 & 81.9 & 83.3 & 95.7 & 99.0 \\ Median & 122.9 & 92.2 & 101.3 & 88.3 & 93.4 & 90.3 & 98.2 & 100 \\
3 rd Quartile & 135.6 & 94.2 & 104.2 & 99.5 & 124.1 & 90.9 & 105.9 & 100 \\ Mean & 120.2 & 88.1 & 101.9 & 91.1 & 106.6 & 88.3 & 100.3 & 98.0 \\ Variance (n\({}^{-1}\)) & 13.1 & 1.1 & 1.0 & 0.6 & 13.4 & 0.2 & 0.5 & 0.2 \\ Standard & 36.2 & 10.4 & 10.2 & 7.6 & 36.6 & 4.8 & 7.0 & 4.5 \\ deviation (n\({}^{-1}\)) & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Variation of adult honey bee coverage in all groups recorded during the winter trial compared to the beginning of the treatment (%).