# Example usage calculate_urban_resilience('input_file_name')  
Evaluation of Disaster Risk Assessment in Portuguese Municipalities: A Detailed Justification of Dimensions and Indicators  
The case of the Portuguese municipalities serves as a prime example, employing a robust and methodologically sound framework. This approach integrates distinct dimensions--Disaster Hazard Risk (in the present case is the Earthquake), Exposure Assessment, Vulnerability Assessment, and Resilience Assessment--facilitating a comprehensive assessment, from recognizing potential threats to evaluating a region's adaptability and recovery capacities:  
* Disaster Hazard Risk (in the present case-study is the Earthquake): The assessment's foundation lies in recognizing the inherent natural hazards, especially seismic potential, in Portuguese municipalities. Differentiating between far-field (EC1) and near-field (EC2) earthquakes is very important. This differentiation provides insight into varying seismic impacts and is key to pinpointing areas at greater risk. * Exposure Assessment: This step quantifies the potential impact of seismic events, focusing on geographical areas and populations at risk. The integration of area and population metrics, through entropy weighting, helps gauge the potential scale and severity of seismic impact, thus highlighting the regions most susceptible to seismic events [104; 105];
* Vulnerability Assessment: Beyond exposure, this dimension evaluates societal factors that could intensify or mitigate the effects of a disaster. The analysis includes various socio-economic indicators, such as municipal revenue per inhabitant, educational attainment, ageing ratio, housing density, and population density. Each indicator offers insight into how societal characteristics can influence a municipality's vulnerability to seismic events [106];
* Resilience Assessment: The final dimension shifts focus from vulnerabilities to strengths, assessing each area's capacity to withstand, adapt, and recover from seismic activities. Resilience is gauged through various indicators, including municipal revenue, educational levels, ageing population, housing conditions, population density, construction activity, emergency response capabilities, medical facilities, and economic power. These indicators collectively reflect a municipality's resilience, highlighting its ability to effectively respond to and recover from seismic challenges [52; 104; 107]. Each dimension, along with its associated indicators, is carefully selected based on extensive statistical data specifically relevant to Portuguese municipalities, ensuring a detailed and encompassing perspective of seismic risk. This structured approach is essential for identifying and understanding the multifaceted aspects of disaster risk, setting the stage for effective risk management and resilience enhancement in urban areas. This thorough assessment framework provides an in-depth understanding of seismic risks in Portuguese municipalities, allowing for targeted and effective disaster risk management and resilience building strategies. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) play a very important role in the evaluation phase of the RIACT process, offering a powerful means to visualize, analyse, and interpret spatial and geographic data. The ability of GISs to graphically represent complex data sets allows for a more intuitive understanding of spatial relationships and patterns, which is essential in identifying trends, anomalies, and correlations that might be less apparent in traditional data formats. This graphical representation enhances the scientific process by improving the reproducibility and transparency of research, thanks to the standardized data presentation platforms of GISs. The integration of diverse data sources in GISs enables comprehensive, cross-disciplinary studies, synthesizing vast amounts of data into clear, actionable insights. This functionality is particularly valuable in academic and scientific contexts, where GISs can significantly improve the quality of research.