# _Pistacia Atlantica_ Desf., a Source of Healthy Vegetable Oil
## 3 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \(\mathbf{t_{R}}\) **(min)** & **Compound** & \(\mathbf{RI_{literature}}\) & \(\mathbf{RI_{experimental}}\) \\ \hline
4.03 & hexanal & 799(a) & 805 \\
7.17 & tricyclene & 920(b) & 922 \\
7.32 & \(\alpha\)-thujene & 925(a) & 926 \\
7.59 & \(\alpha\)-pinene & 934(a) & 935 \\
8.04 & camphene & 946(a) & 950 \\
8.21 & 2,4(10)-thujadiene & 961(c) & 955 \\
8.8 & sabinene & 973(a) & 974 \\
8.92 & \(\beta\)-pinene & 982(a) & 978 \\
9.36 & \(\beta\)-myrrcene & 989(a) & 992 \\
9.86 & \(\alpha\)-phellandrene & 1005(a) & 1008 \\
9.92 & \(\Delta\)3-carene & 1013(a) & 1010 \\
10.19 & \(\alpha\)-terpinene & 1034(a) & 1019 \\
10.51 & p-cymene & 1029(a) & 1029 \\
10.61 & limonene & 1031(a) & 1032 \\
10.89 & Z-\(\beta\)-ocimene & 1037(a) & 1041 \\
11.19 & E-\(\beta\)-ocimene & 1048(a) & 1050 \\
11.53 & \(\gamma\)-terpinene & 1061(a) & 1061 \\
12.1 & cis-sabinene hydrate & 1069(a) & 1080 \\
12.37 & terpinolene & 1091(a) & 1088 \\
12.55 & fenchone & 1094(b) & 1094 \\
12.6 & C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{12}\) & & 1096 \\
13.07 & nonanal & 1104(a) & 1111 \\
13.73 & allocimene & 1130(a) & 1133 \\
14.48 & trans-verbenol & 1148(b) & 1158 \\
14.85 & pinocarvone & 1162(c) & 1171 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Volatile organic compounds identified in the pistachio material headspace analysis. Several works have been performed to investigate alternative medicines for natural therapies (See review [27]). This interest in natural drugs has been highlighted by the World Health Organization, suggesting the importance of ethnomedicines and natural drugs [15; 25; 42; 55]. _P. atlantica_ is used in different regions as a traditional remedy [27]. Table 4 presents some activities of different extracts of _P. atlantica_, _Pistacia Rhinjuk_, _Pistacia lenticus_, and _Pistacia vera_. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \(\mathbf{t_{R}}\) **(min)** & **Compound** & **RI\({}_{\text{literature}}\)** & **RI\({}_{\text{experimental}}\)** \\ \hline
15.27 & borneol & 1173(a) & 1185 \\
15.44 & terpinen-4-ol & 1181(b) & 1190 \\
16.32 & verbenone & 1211(c) & 1221 \\
16.36 & C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{14}\)O & & 1223 \\
18.24 & bornyl acetate & 1286(d) & 1290 \\
19.98 & \(\alpha\)-terpinyl acetate & 1348(e) & 1355 \\
20.44 & \(\alpha\)-ylangene & 1368(e) & 1373 \\
20.6 & \(\alpha\)-copaene & 1376(c) & 1379 \\
20.82 & \(\beta\)-bourbonene & 1392(b) & 1387 \\
21.78 & \(\beta\)-caryophyllene & 1437(a) & 1425 \\
23.18 & \(\gamma\)-muurolene & 1486(a) & 1481 \\
23.33 & D-germacrene & 1480(c) & 1487 \\
23.77 & \(\alpha\)-muurolene & 1501(c) & 1505 \\
24.12 & \(\gamma\)-cadinene & 1521(e) & 1519 \\
24.24 & cardina-1(10),\(A\)-diene & 1531(e) & 1524 \\
34.00 & palmitic acid & & \\
36.10 & oleic acid & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* RI: Retention indice (a): [PERSON] and [PERSON] [49], (b): [PERSON] et al. [50], (c): [PERSON] et al. [51], (d): [PERSON] et al. [52], (e): [PERSON] et al. [53], (f): [PERSON] et al. [54].  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._  
Figure 1: Chromatograms resulting from solid-phase microextraction (SPME)–GC–MS analysis of the crushed seeds headspace using two different fiber coatings: (**a**) carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (75 \(\upmu\)m) and (**b**) PDMS/divinylbenzene (DVB) (65 \(\upmu\)m) (T, 23 \({}^{\circ}\)C; \(t_{\text{adsorption}}\), 30 min). _P. atlantica_ was found to be rich in lipids, fibers, and proteins with antioxidant activities. This plant is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders and as an antiseptic, laxative, diuretic, and carimative drug [69; 70]. In North Africa, Atlas Pistachio fruit or leaves decoctions are used traditionally by the local population to treat eye infection or diarrhea [69]. Recent studies emphasized other properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antitumor activities [7; 57; 69; 71]. Several studies have been devoted to the effects of bioactives from _Pistacia_ species, including Atlas Pistachio, including gastroprotective and anti-_H. pylori_ activities [4; 60]. [PERSON] et al. [14] found that the essential oil of _P.