## 3 Current Status  
Based on the method and data input introduced in Section 2.2, Malaysia's energy allocation diagram was mapped as illustrated in Figure 2. In addition, the oil products portion was magnified into an oil product flow diagram for Malaysia as illustrated in Figure 3. Through these diagrams, the whole picture of Malaysia's energy use is presented, and the main features of Malaysia energy use are summarized as follows:  
1. Malaysia's energy supply mainly came from crude oil, natural gas, coal and hydropower. Most of the crude oil and natural gas supply in Malaysia came from domestic production, whereas the vast majority of coal was imported.
2. Malaysia is a net energy exporting country, whereas crude oil and natural gas were the main energy types exported, and 97% of natural gas was exported in LNG form.
3. Though Malaysia was a net exporter of crude oil, it was a net importer of oil products, especially petrol (gasoline). Half of the petrol consumed in the end-use sectors was imported, and no petrol was exported.
4. The electricity supply of Malaysia mainly relied on domestic power generation, and most of the natural gas (74% of the supply), most of the coal (88% of the supply) and all the hydropower were used for electricity generation.
5. Electricity (49%), oil products (41%), natural gas (7%) and coal (3%) were the main energy forms for end-use. Each main end-use sector, including the transportation sector, industrial sector and domestic sector (residential, commercial and agriculture), accounted for approximately one-third of the energy consumption. The vast majority of oil products (69%) were consumed in the transportation sector.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l} \hline
**Item** & **Data** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Industrial} & According to the energy audit launched under the Malaysian Energy Efficiency Improvement \\  & Program (MIEEIP) in 2005 [23], most of the energy input into the industrial sector was consumed by \\  & eight industries. Therefore, we could consider the industrial energy input equally based on these ratios: \\  & (1) Cement 47.6\%; (2) Steel \& iron 19.2\%; (3) Pulp and paper 13.9\%; (4) Food 10.6\%; \\  & (5) Glass 2.9\%; (6) Wood 1.4\%; (7) Rubber 1.1\%; (8) Ceramic 0.9\%; and (9) Other 2.3\%. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Commercial} & Electricity and LPG were the main energy types consumed in the commercial sector. \\  & We assumed that LPG was used as cooking gas [12]. The end use of electricity could be allocated as \\  & (1) air-conditioning 64\%; (2) illumination 12\% and (3) others 24\%. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Residential} & Electricity and LPG were the main energy types consumed in the residential sector. We assumed that \\  & LPG was used as cooking gas [11]. The end use of electricity could be allocated as (1) refrigeration \\  & 21.1\%; (2) cooking equipment 14.7\%; (3) air-conditioning 11.9\%; (4) washing machines 10.5\%; \\  & (5) illumination 5.1\% and others 36.7\%. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Transportation} & Four main vehicles were listed, including motorcars, trucks, buses and planes. Motorcycles, rail \\  & transport, and ships were ignored as they consume only a small portion of energy in Malaysia. \\ \cline{1-1}  & We assumed that all petrol was consumed within gasoline cars. In addition, we also assumed diesel was \\ \cline{1-1}  & consumed within only diesel cars, buses and trucks [24]: (1) motorcars (petrol) 100\%; \\ \cline{1-1}  & (2) motorcars (diesel) 6.6\%; (3) buses (diesel) 5.5\%; and (4) trucks (diesel) 87.9\%. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Agriculture} & Agricultural covers agricultural, forestry and fishing activity. This only contributes a very small portion \\ \cline{1-1}  & of energy consumption in Malaysia. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Other data required for the mapping.  
Figure 2: Malaysia energy allocation diagram, 2011.