## 1 Introduction
Using 2 and 4 mm granulated expanded glass aggregate (GEGA) as ingredients with excellent insulating properties and 8 mm granulated fly ash aggregate (GAA) as an ingredient of lightweight aggregates (LWAs) is added to concrete, and these tests were carried out for the density, porosity, compressive strength, and the modulus of elasticity of lightweight concretes (LWCs) [28]. LWC type has higher density and better insulation than burnt brick, so it is more sustainable than it. The properties of fly ash, AAC, and CLC concrete types are further discussed and compared [29; 30; 31; 32]. Compared with traditional concrete, the advantages of aerated lightweight concrete are that the strength/weight ratio is advanced, the thermal expansion coefficient is small, and the sound insulation is high [33; 34; 35; 36]. In the proposed mixture, attention should be paid to dividing aerated lightweight concrete into foam concrete and autoclaved concrete. By taking the density as a constant parameter, it is possible to tabulate their load-bearing capacity in terms of compression, water absorption, and heat insulation and draw conclusions from their performance [37; 38; 39; 40]. Compared with silica fume, fly ash, and nonzeolitic natural pozzolans, the pozzolanic activity of clinoptilolite the most common natural zeolite mineral) has been studied. The chemical, mineralogical, and physical properties of the material are considered in the comparative evaluation. Various test methods were used to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of natural zeolite, including the conductivity of the lime-pozzolan suspension as well as free lime content, compressive strength, and pore size distribution of hardened lime-volcanic ash [41; 42; 43; 44]. The results show that clinoptilolite has lime-pozzolan reactivity comparable to silica fume and is higher than fly ash and nonzeolite natural pozzolans. The high reactivity of clinoptilolite is attributed to its specific surface area and reactive SiO\({}_{2}\) content [45; 46; 47]. Although the pozzolanic activity is high, the strength contribution of clinoptilolite is relatively poor,which can be attributed to the larger pore size distribution of the hardened zeolite-time product compared with the lime-fly ash system [48; 49; 50]. The crystalline state of glass is amorphous and contains a large amount of silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca). Based on this theory, glass powder should undergo a natural pozzolanic reaction and have cementing properties similar to cement. Therefore, it is feasible to add glass powder to cement for similar purposes to cement [51; 52]. Glass cullet has been considered as a fine aggregate or supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for concrete. The kinetics of glass reaction depends on temperature and glass composition [53; 54]. The uniform composition, amorphous nature, and high silica content of glass make it very suitable for studying the effect of glass type on reactivity at different temperatures. In this study, isothermal calorimetry, chemical shrinkage, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to measure pozzolans that crushed transparent and green glass smaller than 25 \(\upmu\)m at three different temperatures [55; 56]. In addition, at different temperatures and ages, the compressive strength of the mortar and the water absorption of the sample has been used to correlate the degree of reaction with the performance [57; 58]. The results show that even at a very low temperature, it will cause the glass powder to exhibit a significant pozzolanic reaction. Besides, it can be seen that the glass composition has a great influence on the reactivity. In this study, the reactivity of green glass is higher than that of transparent glass [59; 60]. Concrete with low thermal conductivity can be used for thermal insulation of buildings. The thermal conductivity (TC) of concrete increases with the increase of cement content and aggregate thermal conductivity [61]. The mineral admixtures in concrete also affect the TC of concrete.