# Study on Seismic Performance of a Mold Transformer through Shaking Table Tests
## 1 Introduction  
Non-structural elements that are attached to or supported by structural components play various functions and services in maintaining operation in existing buildings, and to support human activities. According to the complete classification specified in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) FEMA-74 [1], non-structural elements can be classified into three main categories of architectural components, mechanical and electrical components, and building furnishings and contents. In the building construction, the non-structural elements account for a high percentage of 82-92% of the total economic investment, while structural components account for the remaining 18-8% [2]. Thus, it is obvious that in several vital types of buildings, such as hospitals, high-tech laboratories, power stations, etc., the loss of non-structural elements due to natural disasters could lead to huge replacement costs [3]. During the past few decades, strong earthquake ground motions have caused severe physical, as well as functional, damage to non-structural elements, especially to electrical components, which have led to major operational failures and economic loss of electrical power systems in buildings and special facilities. Depending on the dynamic characteristics, electrical components can be exposed to high-frequency acceleration arising from resonance effects, which result in the loosening of anchor bolts or connecting fasteners, and damage to enclosed plates and frames [4]. For example, the 1994 Northridge earthquake in Los Angeles caused severe damage to crucial non-structural equipment in a major local hospital, such as the emergency power systems, control systems of medical equipment,and water supply piping systems [5]. The 1985 Mexico Earthquake with magnitude 8 and the 2010 Haiti Earthquake with magnitude 7 caused entire failure to unanchored and anchored cabinets in vital facilities [1]. Recently, in South Korea, the 2016 Gyeongju and 2017 Pohang earthquakes caused significant deterioration of non-structural electrical elements within crucial public buildings, such as hospitals, Korea train express (KTX) railway stations, high schools, broadcasting stations, and shopping malls [6]. Thus, nowadays, the investigation of the seismic behavior of non-structural elements is recognized as a key topic in the framework of earthquake risk mitigation. So far, several research studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of non-structural elements attached to structural components, subjected to earthquake load. [PERSON] et al. [4] experimentally evaluated the seismic performance of hospital building equipment via unidirectional and bidirectional shaking table testing, considering the presence of internal partitions and cabinet contents. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between the dynamic response of sample cabinets, and the peak floor accelerations and velocities corresponding to the system limit states, such as overturning and rocking. Based on the test results, fragility curves were also constructed for the components and contents, considering both acceleration and velocity intensity measure. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [7] performed full-scale shaking table tests in both horizontal directions for the seismic assessment of hollow brick internal partitions. In the study, a steel frame was used to simulate the seismic action at a generic building story and the specimen boundary conditions. The test results showed that the specimen exhibited significant damage at a 0.3% interstorey drift, and extensive damage at a drift close to 1%. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of test specimens were also investigated in terms of damping ratios and natural frequencies, in order to evaluate the influence of the hollow brick partitions on the steel test frame. More recently, [PERSON] et al. [8] performed dynamic shaking table tests on prototypes made of indoor partition walls, outdoor facade walls, and suspended continuous ceilings.