# Analyzing Demand with Respect to Offer of Mobility
### Paper Aims and Structure  
In the present paper, a model and tool for analysis the mobility demand with respect to the public transport offer, called DORAM (Demand versus OffeR Analyzer for Mobility), is presented. The main research contributions of this paper are (a) the formal mathematical model DORAM to analyze the mobility demand with respect to the public transport offer taking into account a range of contextual and operative data, (b) the DORAM tool implementation and general strategy. DORAM solution allows operators at the city to:  
* **investigate how the demand is satisfied in terms of public transportation mobility by the offer** considering model, simulation tools and KPIs (key performance indicator, e.g., drop-offs and pick-ups at a stop) and related evidence information (e.g., passing lines in every time interval, passing lines in each time interval) with the aim of identifying crowded condition on bus-stops and on the busses. * _Taking care in the model_: (i) **a range of data sources**. People flow depends on different aspects (e.g., the time of day, the motivation of people for travelling, the structure public transportation network, places that with high impacts on mobility patterns). Therefore, using a wide spectrum of data sources related to the city structure (e.g., roads, stop locations), the mobility demand considering different places (e.g., residential areas, shopping centers, stadiums), and the service offer (e.g., the number of vehicle trips and lines passing the stops) supports a deeper analysis of PTSs, and as a result, more precise decisions about mobility policies; (ii) **multi-modality**. Multiple travel modes which permit to consider different public transportation modalities; (iii) **multi-operators**. It provides the analysis of the transportation network when there are multiple mobility operators; (iv) **KPIs to objectively assess** the alternative scenarios and making a (set of) decision(s) to improve the service offer considering the mobility demand. * **perform what-if analysis** by analyzing the impact of a (set of) change(s) in Actual Scenario to see their effects in terms of people and matching demand/offer. **Changing the offer and demand** in the scenarios of analysis. Performing what-if analysis by comparing the alternative scenarios with respect to Actual Scenario, which describes the current status of PTS. DORAM provides non-functional features such as (i) _flexibility_, by taking into account different data sources, (ii) _fast-computability_, quickly switch between different scenarios, and (iii) _web-based_, accessing DORAM on (www.snap4 city.org/odanalyzer/ accessed on 5 September 2022). Summarizing, DORAM admits some technical innovations with respect to other similar tools at the state of art that are recalled in the previous paragraph. Such features can be briefly sketched and compared in Table 1, where technical aspects are considered regarding: the range of supported data, multi-modality mobility, multi-operators' mobility and the possibility to adopt what-if analysis performance in PTSs also by using KPI. The DORAM validation has been performed using Tuscany regional data in the Metropolitan area of Florence. Florence is the region capital with more than one and half million inhabitants, 30 million tourists per year, 1500 stops, 25 lines, and 1100 vehicle trips. DORAM is developed in a research project context, called MOSAiC [34], founded by the Tuscany Region in Italy and having important international partners as, DISIT Lab, Municipia/Engineering, CNIT, ALSTOM and TAGES. DORAM exploits the Km4 City \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**DORAM** & **Yes** & **Yes** & **Yes** & **Yes** \\ (present work) & Yes & Yes & No & No \\ \hline MATSim [30] & Yes & Yes & No & No \\ \hline SUMO [31] & No & Yes & No & No \\ \hline TRANSIMS [32] & No & Yes & No & No \\ \hline OmniTRANS [15] & No & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline MobiSeg [28] & No & Yes & Yes & No \\ \hline AllAboard [33] & Yes & Yes & Yes & No \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}