## 2 Related Work
### IoT Conceptualization
At the same time, the smart environment is another application meant to integrate life with smart devices that have sensors or actuators. They have the ability to provide users with an easier environment for interaction with their immediate surroundings, so this concept was developed to combine innovation with administration, which relies on the programming side for good applicability. Smart meters also have the role of satisfying customers with faster interaction, giving them the opportunity to have more control over energy in order to save financial resources and also reduce carbon emissions [17]. With this application, smart grids can be monitored by calculating precise parameters. The IoT also has a number of benefits by outlining the smart water application, which can monitor water cycles, water leaks, and even water spills. At the same time, the Internet of Things is shaping security applications, emergency applications, logistics applications, and health applications [18], offering people with disabilities access to care, patient monitoring, and quality control applications. States with a developed economy are leading countries in terms of the process of innovation and technology transfer, so the analysis of the process of technology innovation is one of the most addressed topics of research in the literature [19]. In 2021, in Romania, there were 860 smart city projects in 124 cities. The cities with smart city planned projects are the following: Alba Iulia, which has 106 projects, Cluj-Napoca, with 58 projects, Iasi, with 56 projects, Bucharest, with 39 projects, Arad, with 29 projects, Sibiu, with 27 projects, Timisoara and Oradea, with 26 projects, and last but not least, Brasov, with 18 projects [20]. At the same time, IoT technologies have been implemented in road transport in the last five years, so in order to develop IoT, 5G networks are extremely important and represent a pillar for virtual reality, but also a basis for the development of production and management systems based on the process of artificial intelligence [21]. These systems offer the opportunity to communicate in real-time various risks, from medical to production-related, and their effectiveness was necessary in the pandemic period when medical risks could be communicated quickly, and patients closely monitored using a series of intelligent systems. Regarding the adoption of the 5G network in Romania, the economic effects are estimated at about 4.7 million euros, and this could generate over 250,000 jobs. In order to implement 5G in Romania, it is necessary to follow a series of aspects, such as the following: radio spectrum for territorial coverage, new frequency bands, as well as the implementation of pilot projects to test the success of 5G. At the same time, Romanian SMEs rank 27 th among the top countries in the European Union that use digital technologies [22]. Although the 5G system is of relatively low interest to the authorities, a number of companies have begun to invest in and offer 5G commercially, using frequencies that are already available. Currently, the 5G system is present in Bucharest and in several other cities in the country, so by 2025, a 5G expansion is expected in other cities as well.