# Unveiling Accurate Seismic Imaging through the Advanced Target-Oriented Kirchhoff Migration Method
## 3 Results and Discussions
The migrations were computed for both full-scale model and target-oriented model. Figure 11 presents a comparison between migration based on surface recorded data and redatumed data. Figure 11b provides a closer view of the target area, delineated by the yellow box in Figure 11a, which displays the migrated image computed from surface. The redatumed data were utilized for the migration of the target area, with the resulting image as shown in Figure 11c. The result shows that the migrated image utilizing redatumed data provided an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and more distinct layering structure in the imaging. To validate the obtained results, we conducted a comparison of the frequency bands, as demonstrated in Figure 12. The outcome of this comparison clearly indicates that the frequency band has been improved, enabling the retrieval of higher frequencies. Figure 10: The comparison between the migrated images involves (**a**) the full-scale migration using surface-recorded data, with focus on the targeted depth, and (**b**) the target-oriented migration utilizing redatumed data. The use of redatumed data leads to an improved image compared to the surface data, revealing more discernible and well-defined events (highlighted by blue circle). The migration results in (**c**) confirm the effectiveness of the approach to simultaneously migrate small target areas (selected as in yellow rectangles). Figure 11: The (**a**) full-scaled migrated image computed from surface. The yellow box delineates the target area. The (**b**) magnified view of the target area from (**a**), which then compared with the (**c**) migrated image obtained from redatumed data. Similar outcomes to those observed with synthetic data are evident. Improved signal-to-noise ratios and enhanced fault visibility as well as structures continuity are seen in the target-oriented migration compared to full-scale migration (highlighted by yellow arrows). The quality of the migrated image utilizing redatumed data has been demonstrated to be superior to the image obtained from the observed recorded data. Additionally, we also conducted a comparison of the computational efficiency between both migration methods. As expected, the cost associated with target-oriented imaging applied to this field data was approximately 50% times lower than that of the full-scale migration. As mentioned above, the main factor contributing to the high computational cost of Kirchhoff migration is the computation of travel-time table. Since the travel-time is computed for the area below new datum level, and the target area becomes smaller, the total time required to compute the travel-time is significantly reduced and the time required for the migration of target area is also reduced. The detailed results are described in Table 1, which demonstrates that target-oriented imaging is indeed capable of expediting the seismic imaging process. Our findings closely align with the results obtained by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2022) [42] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2020) [56]. However, their studies involved the application of redatuming for Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). In the study conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [41, 42], they demonstrated the efficacy of the redatuming method in reconstructing virtual elastic data to recover impulse responses beneath a new datum. This approach led to an improved data quality beneath complex overburden. Then, they employed the redatumed data as input for elastic FWI, demonstrating its practicality and its capacity to lower computational expenses. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2020) [56] also recognized the impractical costs associated with implementing FWI using a full-scale model. As a solution, they employed redatuming techniques to concentrate on velocity inversion within the target area, leading to enhanced efficiency and reduced memory requirements.