## 1 Introduction
### Halobacteria for Biosaline Agriculture  
Halobacteria possess plant growth promoting characteristics, i.e., [PERSON] et al. [62] isolated halotolerant and halophilic bacteria belonging to _Halomonas pacifca_, _H. stenophila_, _Bacillus haynesi_, _B. licheniformis_, and _Oceanobacillus aidingensis_. These isolates were able to produce indole acetic acid, solubilized phosphate, and potash and showed N-fixing capacity. There is a growing number of publications on plant growth promotion by halophilic rhizobacteria isolated from the roots of halophyte species [63,64].  
Endophytic halophiles (_Halomonas_ and _Bacillus_) isolated from the roots of halophiles showed maximum salt tolerance up to 4 mM NaCl [65]. When these isolates were used to inoculate alfalfa seedlings, they stimulated plant growth in the presence of 1% NaCl, a level that significantly inhibited the growth of uninoculated plants. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are commonly produced metabolites by halotolerant bacteria, which exhibit 40-90% extracellular matrix of bacteria under stress conditions [66]. EPS exhibits antioxidant activity and confers tolerance to bacteria against reactive oxygen species. This property can be exploited to alleviate salt stress damage in crops [67].  
_Robinia pseudoacacia_ seedlings exposed to VOCs of the JZ-GX1 strain showed increases in biomass, plant development, and lateral root numbers. Additionally, decreases in malondialdehydedehyde, superoxide anion (O\({}_{2}^{-}\)) and hydrogen peroxide (H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)) contents and increases in proline contents and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were observed in _Acacia_ leaves. Notably, the sodium-potassium ratio in the roots, stems, and leaves of _Acacia_ exposed to VOCs of the JZ-GX1 strain were significantly lower than those in the control samples [68]. Swiss Chard inoculated with halotolerant PGPR and watered with 85 nmol L\({}^{-1}\) NaCl showed higher values of leaf dry weight than control plants [69]. Furthermore, PGPR inoculation reduced electrolyte leakage and Na+ uptake and improved the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll, and carotenoid concentrations, stomatal conductance, and antioxidant capacity of Swiss chard. [PERSON] et al. [70] reported that two halotolerant bacteria _Bacillus pumilus_ and _Zhihengliuella halotolerans_ were able to reduce the content of ascorbic acid, flavonoid, total phenol, proline, malondialdehydedehyde, and catalase activity, and ultimately improved the antioxidant capacity of _Haloxylon aphyllum_ (Table 2).  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [71] reported that methanolic extracts of _Sueda fritucosa_ leaves at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and 0.35 mg/mL were found active against _B. subtilis_, _S. aureus_, _E. coli_, _P. aeruginosa_, _Candidia tropicalis_, and _Candidia albicans_. _Sueda fritucosa_ aqueous extract showed hypoglycemic (41%) and anti-hyperglycemic (53%) effects in the hypercholesterolemia and insulin-resistant sand rats. The endophytes residing in the roots of halophytes have a better adaptation to saline conditions. [PERSON] et al. [72] demonstratedthat application of root powder of _Cenchrus ciliaris_, a halophytic weed grown in Khewra salt range, induces salt tolerance in wheat, which was mediated by 3 PGPR, _B. cereus_, _P. moraviensis_, and _Stentotrophomonas maltophilia_, inhabiting the roots of the halophytic weed.  
The _Glutamicibacter_ genus is a promising candidate for phytoremediation of saline soil due to multiple potential plant growth promotion traits and tolerated a high concentration of NaCl (Table 2). _Glutamicibacter halophytocola_ isolated from roots of _Limonium sinensis_ significantly promoted the growth of _L. sinesis_ under NaCl stress. Inoculation of _L. sinesis_ with this bacteria increased the concentrations of total chlorophyll, proline, antioxidative enzymes, flavonoids, K+, and Ca2+ in the leaves; the concentrations of malondialdehydehyde (MDA) and Na+ were reduced [73].