## 3 Results and Discussion
### VOC Profile and Identification
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Tentative Compound Identification** & **Retention Time (min)** & **Packaging System** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Characteristic \(m/z\)** \\ **(fragment) a** \\ \end{tabular} & **M.A.** & **I** & **References** \\ \hline carbon disulphide & & MAP & & & N/A & \\ (CS\({}_{2}\)) & 2.70 & CP & 77.6790 & 1.54 & (N/A) & [6,7,16] \\ acetoin & & MAP & & & 739 & \\ (C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{8}\)O\({}_{2}\)) & 6.043 & CP & 88.0520 & 8 & (11) & [6,7,16,23,24] \\
2-vinyloxyethanol c  & 5.83 & CP & 88.0492 & \(-\)10.44 & & Present work \\ (C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{8}\)O\({}_{2}\)) & & VP & & & (4) & \\
2,3-butanediod d  & 5.75 & MAP & 60.0207 & \(-\)1.99 & 724 & [16,25] \\ (C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{10}\)O\({}_{2}\)) & & CP & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{4}\)O\({}_{2}\)) & & (2) & \\
7-ethyl-1,3,5-cyclohexptatriene d  & 10.09 & MAP & 91.0542 & 966 & \\ (C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{12}\)) & 10.09 & VP & (C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{7}\)) & 0.81 & (8) & [26] \\
1,3-bis(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)benzene & 17.35 & MAP & & & 1360 & \\ (C\({}_{14}\)H\({}_{22}\)) & & VP & 190.1714 & 1.06 & (3) & [27] \\ methylbenzene & & CP & & & 802 & \\ (toluene) & 7.4401 & VP & 92.06182 & 2.73 & (9) & [8,28] \\ (C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{8}\)) & & VP & & & (6) & \\ hexanal & & MAP & & & N/A & [6,7,29,30] \\ (C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{12}\)O) & 2.89 & VP & 100.172 & 3.50 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} N/A \\ (N/A) \\ \end{tabular} & [6,7,29,30] \\ ethylene oxide & 3.26 & MAP & 52.8103 & 8.76 &
\begin{tabular}{c} N/A \\ (N/A) \\ \end{tabular} & Present work \\
3,3,4-trimethylhexane d,e  & 6.91 & MAP & 99.1161 & 777 & 777 & [31] \\ (C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{20}\)) & & & (C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{15}\)) & & (10) & \\
3-hydroxybutananal & & & & 787 & \\ (acetald) d  & 7.13 & MAP & 88.0515 & 0.05 & (6) & [32] \\ (C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{8}\)O\({}_{2}\)) & & & & 85.1011 & 818 & \\
3,4,5-trimethyl-heptane d  & 7.59 & MAP & (C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{13}\)) & 0.3 & (5) & Present work \\
1-nonene d,e  & 8.79 & MAP & 97.0998 & 916 & \\ (C\({}_{9}\)H\({}_{18}\)) & & & (C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{13}\)) & 3.45 & (10) & [33] \\
2,3-octaned d,e  & 12.80 & MAP & 99.0800 & 1087 & \\ (C\({}_{8}\)H\({}_{14}\)O\({}_{2}\)) & & & (C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{11}\)O) & 4.45 & (1) & [3,34] \\
2,2-dimethyl-heptane d  & 7.85 & MAP & 113.1327 & 844 & \\ (C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{20}\)) & & & (C\({}_{8}\)H\({}_{17}\)) & 1.97 & (13) & Present work \\
2,6-dimethyldecane d,e  & 12.61 & CP & 113.1314 & 9.52 & 1078 & [17] \\ (C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{26}\)) & & & (C\({}_{8}\)H\({}_{17}\)) & (9) & \\
5-methyl-4-undecene d  & 14.70 & CP & 97.1002 & 10.06 & 1190 & Present work \\
(C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{24}\)) & & & & (C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{13}\)) & 10.06 & (9) & Present work \\
2,2,8-trimethyl-decane d,e  & 13.72 & CP & 111.1163 & 1136 & 1136 & \\ (C\({}_{13}\)H\({}_{28}\)) & & & (C\({}_{8}\)H\({}_{15}\)) & 4.74 & (15) & [35] \\
2-propyl-1-heptane d,e  & 14.84 & CP & 126.1382 & 16.66 & 1014 & [36] \\
[C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{22}\)O) & & & (C\({}_{9}\)H\({}_{18}\)) & 16.66 & (14) & [36] \\ dceanal d  & 14.86 & 99.08166 & \(-\)11.69 & 1205 & [35,36] \\
(C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{20}\)O) & & & (C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{11}\)O) & (14) & [35,36] \\
4-ethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-heptane d,e  & 12.68 & CP & 99.1158 & 1081 & \\
(C\({}_{13}\)H\({}_{28}\)) & & & (C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{15}\)) & 10.36 & (1) & [20] \\
3-methyldecane d,e  & 12.25 & CP & 112.1242 & 4.03 & 1061 & [37] \\
2,5-dimethyldecane d  & 12.52 & CP & 98.1098 & 8.14 & 1074 & \\ (C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{26}\)) & & & (C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{14}\)) & 8.14 & (12) & Present work \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: VOCs of raw porterhouse steak samples from modified atmospheric packaging (MAP), cling-wrapped packaging (CP), and/or vacuum packaging (VP) identified using SPME-GC-accQTOFMS. analytes are sorted by packaging systems and retention time.