# Sensor-Based Solid Waste Handling Systems: A Survey
## 5 IoT-Enabled Solid Waste Management Systems  
IoT has emerged as one of the most crucial technologies of the twenty-first century in recent years [40]. The advances in technologies such as low power sensors, long-range connectivity, cloud computing, and machine learning made the practical establishment of IoT systems faster. An IoT environment consists of a network of web-centric smart devices that use embedded electronic devices such as communication hardware, sensors, and CPUs to collect, send, and process the data from their surroundings. Connecting IoT devices to any edge device such as an IoT gateway allows the sharing of sensor data that can be sent to the cloud for examination. Sometimes, these devices interact among themselves and carry out action on the data they receive. Despite the fact that the users can interact with devices such as setting them up, providing instructions, and extracting data, a greater part of the work is handled by IoT devices alone, eliminating human intervention.  
IoT already showcased its robustness and efficiency in various domain-specific applications especially in wearables, smart home, healthcare, smart cities, agriculture, industrial automation, etc. The solid waste management system is one of the most important IoT  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Sensor** & **Microcontroller** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Wireless** \\ **Technology** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Communication** \\ **Network** \\ \end{tabular} & **GPS** & **Visualization** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Harvesting** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[34] & Ultrasonic sensor & Arduino Uno & Zigbee & Mesh & Yes & No & No \\
[35] & Ultrasonic sensor & Arduino Pro Mini & Zigbee & Star & Yes & No & Yes \\
[36] & ArgosD sensor & MSP430F1611 & IEEE 802.15.4 & LoWPAN & No & Yes & No \\
[37] & Ultrasonic sensor & MSP430F2274 & SimpliciT & WLAN & No & Yes & No \\
[38] & Ultrasonic sensor & MSP430F2274 & SimpliciT & WLAN & No & Yes & Yes \\
[39] & Ultrasonic sensor & ATSAMW25H18 & Wi-Fi & WLAN & No & Yes & Yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Summary of WSN-based trash bin level monitoring systems.  
based services provided in smart cities. The main features of IoT-enabled solid waste management systems are as follows:  
* No missed pickups: The data recorded from the smart bins assist in reducing missed pickups. The authorities will be automatically notified if the sensors detect that the garbage container is full. Then, the IoT waste management system enables the scheduling of next pickup for this location. This simplifies the process of waste management and reduces overflowing garbage cans.
* Waste production analysis: Throughout the day, the connected devices keep track of how quickly the bins fill up and how often they empty in different locations. The analysis of these data opens the possibilities of better trash bin distribution, elimination of improper disposal techniques, and even waste reduction at the landfill.
* Route Optimization: The real-time data provided by the smart trash bins can be used to determine the best paths for garbage collection by prioritizing the most required regions.