## 6 Performance Analysis
### Energy Consumption of Nodes  
In previous studies, the simulation of LoRaWAN network is performed for studying the performance of the LoRa network by using the ns-3 module [38]. Before implementing the proposed model of waste management in real time environment, it is simulated on the virtual environment for examining the performance and capability of the model. In the virtual environment, we will analyze the LoRa network behavior in our model by varying certain parameters and aspects. FLoRa is a simulation framework, that utilizing the OMNeT++ discrete event simulation library. In spite of OMNeT++ framework, FLoRa is also based on the INET Framework, which is an open-source library for OMNeT++ and its function is to aid the procedure of experimentation for distinct network protocols [39]. In addition, the FLoRa structure ensures proper implementation of the LoRaWAN architecture [40] and a reliable LoRa radio physical layer model resulting from previous experimental findings [41]. The FLoRa architecture is convenient for simulating a complete LoRaWAN architecture that is based on star topology where it consists of four entities including LoRa nodes, gateways, a network server and application server [42]. Figure 5 also presents the working model of the FLoRa framework, where the LoRa nodes transmits the information to the gateway. The two nested submodules that handle the application layer (simpleLoRaApp) and the LoRa network service (LoRaNic) are shown in Figure 6. LoRaNode module includes the network module (LoRaNic) and the application module (simpleLoRaApp). LoRaNic module provides the LoRa network capability, radio module (LoRaRadio), and MAC module (LoRaMAC). In order of analyzing the behavior of LoRa network of waste management, LoRaNode is the main module in which parameters should to be modified. In this simulation we will generate the energy consumption of LoRa node by setting the parameters as CF = 433 MHz, BW = 125 KHz, SF = 7, CR = 4, No of packets = 2, network size = 480 m \(\times\) 480 m, gateway distance = 320 m. number of nodes = 4, number of gateways = 1. The four nodes are represented as node '1', node '2', node '3', and node '4'. The deployment type of network is select as square shape. As the network size is 480 m * 480 m, the geometry position of nodes in FLoRa environment are represented as Node 1 (263.43 m, 284.56 m), Node 2 ( 411.81 m, 261.54 m), Node 3 (310 m, 184.5 m), Node 4 (130 m, 184.05 m), Node 5 (444.2 m, 401.31 m), Node 6 (311.12 m, 9.70 m), Node 7 (373.51 m, 67.36 m), Node 8 ( 227.3 m, 383.5 m), Node 9 ( 374.6 m, 325.8 m), Node 10 (68.80 m, 257.9 m), Node 11 (41.8 m, 311.1 m), Node 12 (176.7 m, 399.6 m), Node 13 (373.5 m, 67.3 m), Node 14 (417.6 m, 469.7 m, Node 15 (383.5 m, 384.4 m, Node 16 (299.3 m, 374.6 m). In case '1', initially, we varied the code rate from 1 to 4, where no substantial changes are identified in the energy consumption of the LoRa node. Later on, we varied the transmission (Tx) power of the LoRa node from 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 dBm and found the change in the energy consumption. We denoted the transmission power of the LoRa node as Tx1, Tx2, Tx3, Tx4, and Tx5. Here, remaining parameters, like CF, SF, B/W, CR, no of packets, network size, and gateway distance, are kept constant. Table 4 illustrates the energy consumption of the nodes '1'. Figure 7 illustrates the graphical representation of the energy consumption of nodes of four different cases. The simulation results show that node '1' and node '2' has the same amount of energy consumption at the transmission (Tx) power of 2 and 5 dBm. In this case of node '2', gradually, the energy consumption decreases at the Tx power of 11 dBm. Energy consumption of the node '3' is suddenly increased at the Tx power of 8 dBm,