## 2 Analytical Methodology for the Calculation of Electric Field Strength
If a breakwater is not used, it must take an appropriate value so that the electrode is not found outside the water or, even better, outside the breaking wave water (which presents lower density/conductivity). In a different geometric design, the respective sizes have to be recalculated, e.g., in the case of the Muskrat Falls project [6,7], where the successive electrodes were placed at unequal distances from each other, in order to limit the uneven distribution of the electric current between them. * _Formation of an electrode station of frames_: The electrode frames are placed in appropriate positions, forming the electrode station. Figure 4 shows the basic form, due to the previous experience in near-shore electrodes [1,2,5,-10,], where the frame is similar to Figure 3 and the respective frames are placed in series, forming an imaginary axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the breakwater from the inner/protected side. Listed are:
* The width of the dam \(t_{d}\) on the xOx\({}^{\prime}\) axis;
* The distance of the imaginary axis of the electrode station from the axis of the dam \(d_{r1}\) on the axis xOx\({}^{\prime}\);
* The frame length \(\ell_{f}\);
* The estimated width of the critical frame zone \(d_{fv}\), vertical to the dam (along the xOx\({}^{\prime}\) axis), resulting from single-frame simulations;
The distance between consecutive frames on the dam, estimated to ensure the critical zone for diver drops for repairs \(s_{c}\) (on yOy\({}^{\prime}\)), resulting from single-frame simulations;
* The width \(d_{stv}\) of the electrode station critical zone, vertical to the dam (on the xOx\({}^{\prime}\) axis), resulting from the electrode station simulations;
* The length of the electrode station critical zone \(\ell_{chd}\) on the dam and below the centre of the dam (on the yOy\({}^{\prime}\) axis), resulting from the electrode station simulations;
* The length of the electrode station critical zone \(\ell_{cud}\) on the dam and above the centre of the dam (on the yOy\({}^{\prime}\) axis), resulting from the electrode station simulations. It is clarified that the critical zone (whether it concerns a single frame or the electrode station) is then calculated based on the permissible upper limits of the electric field strength, in relation to the most unfavourable developing electric field strength, as determined by the interaction of all the electrodes for any operating scenario. For the case of Figure 4, the typical length of the electrode station \(\ell_{stat-I}\) is equal to:  
\[J_{fu\_lo}=\frac{(\beta+1)\times I_{tot}}{\left(N_{frame}+1\right)\times N_{el \_frame}\times S_{p\_el}} \tag{2}\]9  
\[J_{mt}=\frac{(\beta+1)\times I_{tot}}{N_{frame}\times N_{el\_frame}\times S_ {p\_el}} \tag{3}\]0 Typical scheme of a frame consisting of 13 electrodes arranged in series and suspended vertically, at fixed distances between successive electrodes. while the width of the respective structure is equal to the diameter of a single electrode \(d_{cl}\). In fact, though, the surface \(S_{\sigma-I}\) that can be exposed to critical electric field values (not necessarily all at the same time) is equal to:  
\[J_{mt}=\frac{(\beta+1)\times I_{tot}}{N_{frame}\times N_{el\_frame}\times S_ {p\_el}} \tag{3}\]1  
* _Calculation of the electrode station electric field strength:_ Initially, the area of concern is the water surface, which is arranged in a suitable canvas of two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, upon which the electrode is set a particular position. Upon this canvas, of steps \(d_{step\_x}\) and \(d_{step\_y}\), the electric field strength is measured. Practically, Figure 4 includes the entire respective area, extending on the Ox semi-axis up to 150 km, while on the yOy' axis up to a few kilometres. The aforementioned steps are not constant, but vary, since the canvas grows gradually sparser while moving away from the electrode. The calculation of the radial electric field strength \(E_{r}\) is then determined, employing the applied method.