# Emerging Trends in Sustainable Biological Resources and Bioeconomy for Food Production
## 1 Introduction
### The Bioeconomy as a Tool to Achieve Sustainability  
Given the scale and urgency of today's global challenges--ranging from climate instability and biodiversity loss to food insecurity and resource depletion--it is increasingly clear that conventional economic and production models are insufficient to ensure long-term sustainability. These interconnected crises demand systemic change that aligns environmental stewardship with economic development. In this context, the bioeconomic approach emerges as a strategic solution. By leveraging renewable biological resources, circular systems, and innovation in biotechnology, the bioeconomy offers a pathway to meet growing societal needs while reducing environmental impact and regenerating natural systems [8].  
Bioeconomy is an economic model based on the sustainable use of renewable biological resources--such as plants, animals, micro-organisms, and biomass--to produce food, energy, materials, and industrial products. This approach uses advances in biotechnology, bioengineering, and environmental sciences to generate economic value from biological processes, with the aim of reducing dependence on non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels and mitigating environmental impacts [9]. The bioeconomy is closely related to the food industry as it provides innovative solutions to the challenges of food production in a more sustainable and efficient way.  
In relation to SDG 2, the bioeconomy can improve food security through the development of new agricultural technologies, such as climate-resilient crops and biofertilizers that -degenerate soils, enabling more efficient and sustainable food production. In addition, the conversion of agricultural residues into bioproducts (such as biofuels or bioplastics) can diversify income sources in rural areas, contributing to local economic development and poverty reduction [10].  
In relation to SDG 12, the bioeconomy promotes a circular economy in which waste is valorized and the environmental impact of production is minimized. For example, reusing agricultural by-products or food waste to produce biogas or compost not only reduces waste but also creates new opportunities to produce clean energy or improve soil quality. This efficient and sustainable approach helps reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources, reduces the environmental footprint of the food industry, and is directly aligned with responsible production and consumption goals [10].  
The transition to a sustainable bioconomy represents a fundamental shift in the way we use natural resources, moving away from reliance on fossil fuels to an approach based on biomass and other renewable biological resources. This shift is crucial because fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas are not only finite and non-renewable, but their intensive use has contributed significantly to climate change, pollution, and ecosystem degradation. In contrast, biomass--which includes plants, agricultural residues, algae, and other organic materials--is a renewable resource that can be regenerated through natural processes or sustainable agricultural practices, offering a greener and more efficient alternative.