# Challenges Associated with Implementing 5G in Manufacturing
## 2 The Potential of 5G in Manufacturing  
5G has the potential to become the underlying digital fabric connecting all elements of the manufacturing world. 5G promises fast connectivity, more bandwidth than Wi-Fi and 4G LTE but also low latency with support for thousands of devices in a small location, all of which are attractive prospects to manufacturing facilities. 5G's integration capability with time-sensitive networking (TSN) makes smart factories an achievable goal. TSN capability will help 5G avail of the enhancements to the ethernet to make it more reactive to demand or \"deterministic\", essentially making 5G available on time with low latency, low jitter and high reliability. In order for this interface to achieve low latency, all the devices have to synchronize to the same time-base, in effect they have to be 'time aware'. Widespread rollout of 5G is now a reality. Device manufacturers have already started deploying 5G network equipment while network carrier companies are on the verge of commercializing 5G networks in new verticals such as manufacturing [9]. While there are several barriers still impeding the universal deployment of 5G networks, there are also endless applications and potential benefits. 5G has the potential to revolutionize various critical areas such as the IoT, entertainment, automation, IT, and more. 5G private networks, which offers several advantages, will boost the power of Industrial IoT (IInoT) as 5G offers more than increased network speeds and bandwidth [10]. 5G wireless technology and its associated deployment is being implemented at a time when many industries are themselves transforming through greater automation, using techniques such as the IoT, machine vision, machine learning and robotics. 5G connections will go beyond human communication needs and is expected to enable the intelligent internet of things. The next generation (NextGen) of telecommunication technologies will be adopted by a broader range of industries and sectors with digital manufacturing a big beneficiary. NextGen wireless control of highly sophisticated mobile machines is becoming feasible, and it will allow the possibility for machines to take advantage of the enormous computing power and cloud storage options available, without being tethered by physical wires. An early area of interest for 5G in the IIOT is to facilitate factory monitoring, where sensors are installed in the factory to monitor equipment conditions and to oversee that everything is working as it should, and to identify potential issues before they occur. These sensors will be interrogated and the end data used to create insights into end products and deliverables, providing improvements in quality control and bespoke manufacturing. 5G has incorporated many requests to improve 4G and now is capable of delivering new services that may be tuned to the requirements of a customers' business models (Figure 2) e.g., manufacturing [7, 8]. Data rates of 10 Gbps are widely accepted as a feasible expectation for 5G when it is fully commercially available, but early 5G services seem to be making out at approximately 1 Gbps [11]. As deployments increase, all the data generated will be collected and analyzed to give detailed insights into every facet of a factory's operation. Machine learning-capable smart robots will build products and be enabled to move goods and deploy equipment in and around the factory, generating even more data. Manufacturing is expected to pivot from an assembly line to the production of highly customized products essentially enabling the mass production of bespoke products, with workers streaming virtual/augmented reality videos or working in virtual environments [12]. These concepts can be facilitated by the 5G NR standard. While the range of benefits of 5G is impressive, there are limitations inherent in the deployment of 5G. The spectrum allocated is at a higher frequency, and proportionately the wavelength of those  
Figure 2: Use cases—latency and bandwidth requirements [8].