#### 4.2.3 Discriminant Validity Test  
The discriminant validity test is carried out to separate or distinguish variable questions that should not have a higher correlation value than questions contained in other variables. If there are questions that have a higher correlation value than other variable questions, then the question is ambiguous and needs to be deleted. This can be tested using cross loading testing. The cross loading value on the diagonal must be higher than the cross loading in other rows and columns. The results of this test are detailed in Table 10, where the cross loading values demonstrate that each variable's indicators have higher correlations within their respective constructs compared to other constructs, thereby confirming the discriminant validity of the measurement model.  
To ensure the discriminant validity of an indicator against its construct, the cross loadings value of the indicator against its own construct should be greater than the cross loadings value against other constructs [49]. The analysis results show that the cross loadings test values on all indicators in this study meet these criteria. In other words, each indicator is significantly higher on the intended construct compared to other constructs. Therefore, it can be concluded that all indicators in this study successfully meet the cross loadings test value and can be considered as valid indicators in measuring the construct represented by each indicator. These results provide additional confidence in the contribution of each indicator in the construction of the research conceptual model.  
\begin{table} \
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline  & **A** & **I** & **PC** & **PEU** & **PS** & **PT** & **PU** & **SN** & **UI** \\ \hline A1 & 0.733 & 0.383 & 0.368 & 0.497 & 0.297 & 0.365 & 0.444 & 0.363 & 0.429 \\ A2 & 0.664 & 0.370 & 0.327 & 0.448 & 0.255 & 0.335 & 0.422 & 0.239 & 0.410 \\ A3 & 0.651 & 0.362 & 0.346 & 0.436 & 0.321 & 0.340 & 0.379 & 0.337 & 0.412 \\ A4 & 0.751 & 0.357 & 0.426 & 0.417 & 0.283 & 0.317 & 0.472 & 0.249 & 0.406 \\ I1 & 0.379 & 0.727 & 0.388 & 0.357 & 0.286 & 0.261 & 0.425 & 0.380 & 0.516 \\ I2 & 0.344 & 0.608 & 0.352 & 0.379 & 0.232 & 0.243 & 0.446 & 0.268 & 0.434 \\ I3 & 0.290 & 0.605 & 0.345 & 0.321 & 0.173 & 0.236 & 0.352 & 0.354 & 0.376 \\ I4 & 0.401 & 0.761 & 0.399 & 0.467 & 0.427 & 0.421 & 0.442 & 0.394 & 0.598 \\ PC1 & 0.364 & 0.435 & 0.762 & 0.476 & 0.291 & 0.287 & 0.463 & 0.362 & 0.405 \\ PC2 & 0.386 & 0.382 & 0.738 & 0.446 & 0.267 & 0.231 & 0.370 & 0.339 & 0.387 \\ PC3 & 0.450 & 0.435 & 0.793 & 0.471 & 0.466 & 0.479 & 0.511 & 0.425 & 0.432 \\ PEU1 & 0.462 & 0.379 & 0.428 & 0.765 & 0.335 & 0.408 & 0.483 & 0.400 & 0.472 \\ PEU2 & 0.453 & 0.452 & 0.422 & 0.660 & 0.271 & 0.326 & 0.475 & 0.339 & 0.452 \\ PEU3 & 0.483 & 0.395 & 0.405 & 0.672 & 0.262 & 0.357 & 0.459 & 0.311 & 0.450 \\ PEU4 & 0.415 & 0.371 & 0.455 & 0.719 & 0.437 & 0.409 & 0.497 & 0.492 & 0.477 \\ PS1 & 0.245 & 0.284 & 0.301 & 0.298 & 0.733 & 0.445 & 0.302 & 0.354 & 0.316 \\ PS2 & 0.368 & 0.313 & 0.373 & 0.419 & 0.751 & 0.518 & 0.394 & 0.419 & 0.406 \\ PS3 & 0.311 & 0.369 & 0.355 & 0.372 & 0.803 & 0.577 & 0.421 & 0.426 & 0.455 \\ PS4 & 0.344 & 0.352 & 0.358 & 0.343 & 0.810 & 0.619 & 0.361 & 0.387 & 0.420 \\ PT1 & 0.386 & 0.361 & 0.351 & 0.413 & 0.375 & 0.687 & 0.411 & 0.377 & 0.448 \\ PT2 & 0.372 & 0.347 & 0.292 & 0.397 & 0.648 & 0.799 & 0.363 & 0.385 & 0.386 \\ PT3 & 0.364 & 0.306 & 0.375 & 0.421 & 0.562 & 0.806 & 0.378 & 0.405 & 0.411 \\ PU1 & 0.438 & 0.371 & 0.359 & 0.456 & 0.313 & 0.367 & 0.698 & 0.329 & 0.415 \\ PU2 & 0.381 & 0.412 & 0.408 & 0.451 & 0.257 & 0.272 & 0.601 & 0.300 & 0.393 \\ PU3 & 0.451 & 0.476\end{tabular}\end{table}
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