## 4 Results and Analysis  
### Habitat Quality Spatial Distribution Characteristics  
The habitat quality score in Pingshan County ranges from 0 to 1, where higher scores indicate greater habitat suitability [24]. The overall habitat quality in the county is relatively high, with an average score of approximately 0.70. Consequently, habitat quality in the research area is categorized into four levels--low, medium, high, and very high--using 0.25 as the interval for classification. The very high habitat quality category is the most extensive, comprising about 58.76% of the total county area. Medium and high habitat quality categories together account for approximately 35.53% of the area, while the low habitat quality category covers the smallest proportion (Table 4). There is significant spatial differentiation in habitat quality, which typically exhibits a distribution pattern of \"high in the west, low in the east\" (Figure 4). This pattern aligns with the spatial distribution of land use (Figure 1) and correlates strongly with the intensity of human activities. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Level** & **Area (km2)** & **Area Proportion** \\ \hline Low & 151.08 & 5.71\% \\ Medium & 745.24 & 28.14\% \\ High & 195.68 & 7.39\% \\ Extremely high & 1556.00 & 58.76\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Proportion of different habitat quality grades. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Indicator** & **Lithology** & **Slope** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Degree of** \\ **Relief** \\ \end{tabular} & **Elevation** & **Aspect** & **Landforms** & **NDVI** & **Distance** & **Distance** & **from** & **Weight** \\  & & & & & & & & **Fault** & **River** & \\ \hline Lithology & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 0.3121 \\ Slope & 1/2 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 0.2223 \\ Degree of Relief & 1/3 & 1/2 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 0.1555 \\ Elevation & 1/4 & 1/3 & 1/2 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 0.1075 \\ Aspect & 1/5 & 1/4 & 1/3 & 1/2 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 0.0739 \\ Landforms & 1/6 & 1/5 & 1/4 & 1/3 & 1/2 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 0.0507 \\ NDVI & 1/7 & 1/6 & 1/5 & 1/4 & 1/3 & 1/2 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 0.0350 \\ Distance from Fault & 1/8 & 1/7 & 1/6 & 1/5 & 1/4 & 1/3 & 1/2 & 1 & 2 & 0.0247 \\ Distance from River & 1/9 & 1/8 & 1/7 & 1/6 & 1/5 & 1/4 & 1/3 & 1/2 & 1 & 0.0183 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Evaluation factor hierarchy analysis ranking result summary table. The high-grade areas in Pingshan County are predominantly located in the western part, characterized by forest and grassland land use. This region benefits from a suitable climate with ample precipitation, which fosters vegetation growth and development. Additionally, the low level of human activity disturbance contributes to a high vegetation coverage rate. High-grade areas are primarily situated where farmland intersects with grassland in the west, as well as near water bodies in the east. The terrain in the western areas is generally elevated and steep (elevation > 300 m, slope > 30\({}^{\circ}\)). Some slopes have been modified through artificial excavation to create terraced fields, disrupting the original surface vegetation and posing threats to the habitat. Nonetheless, the favorable climate and the absence of industrial pollution support the stability and quality of the farmland habitat, resulting in a relatively high habitat quality. Living near water bodies is the preferred choice for human settlements. The eastern water areas, proximate to farmland and constructed land, face threats from industrial, agricultural, and residential activities, which vary in intensity. Areas with lower habitat quality are concentrated in the east and are sparsely distributed in a tree-like pattern in the west, where farmland is the predominant land use type. Despite the strong influence of human activities, the proximity to water sources and extensive farmland supports soil fertility and biodiversity.