## 3 Mechanisms and Process of Electrolytically Polymerized MCF Rubber
Figure 10: Photographs of (**a**) anode-side and (**c**) cathode-side surfaces of solidified MCF rubber by SEM (2000\(\times\) magnification); (**b**) XRD mapping on (**a**); (**d**) XRD mapping on (**c**). Figure 9: (**a**) SEM photograph (5000\(\times\) magnification of 5000) of microscopes of magnetic clusters inside solidified MCF rubber; (**b**) XRD mapping of (**a**). We next investigate the MCF rubber by chemical analysis. Regarding the electrolytic polymerization of NR-latex, there have been only a few invaluable reports [34; 35]. In contrast, there have been several investigations of NR-latex as a composite without chemical polymerization [13; 14; 15; 16]. The former [34; 35] are useful because of their description of the results of FT-IR spectra, etc. However, the structure of the electrolytic polymerization of NR-latex has not been clarified. To select the optimum analytical instrument, it is important to consider that MCF rubber involves magnetic material, 0.1-mm thick, and created instantaneously by the application of an electric field. We thus selected Raman spectroscopy and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) as effective measures for MCF rubber. Raman spectroscopy spectra were taken from the anode-side surface of the MCF rubber electrolytically polymerized under the conditions described in the last Section 2; the MCF used consisted of 12-g Ni, 3-g MF (M-300) and 12-g NR-latex, and Magnet 2. Figure 11 compares MCF rubber liquid before the application of electric and magnetic fields with that of MCF rubber of the anode-side surface solidified by the DM with a magnetic field. It is well known that NR-latex contains molecules of polyisoprene, as shown in Figure 12. The characteristic peaks are at 1663 and 1710 cm\({}^{-1}\) (C=C stretching for carbon double bonds of isoprene); 2852, 2915 and 2960 cm\({}^{-1}\) (CH\({}_{2}\) stretching vibration of C-CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) of isoprene); 3036 cm\({}^{-1}\) (C-H stretching vibration of isoprene); in addition, at 1000 cm\({}^{-1}\) (C-C of joint between each isoprene). Comparison of the peak at 3036 cm\({}^{-2}\) of C-H, which does not contribute to the electrolytic polymerization, with the peaks at 1663 and 1710 cm\({}^{-1}\) of C=C of electrolytically polymerized MCF rubber, and at 1000 cm\({}^{-1}\) of C-C are estimated and presented in Figure 8.0 Results indicate the typical characteristic that the quantity of C=C and C-C bonds increase by electrolytic polymerization. Figure 8.1 Raman spectroscopy spectra of the electrolytically polymerized MCF rubber of anode-side surface indicated as “Polymerized solid”: MCF rubber liquid before the application of electric and magnetic fields as “Liquid”; MCF rubber of anode-side surface solidified by the DM with a magnetic field as “Dried solid”. Figure 8.2 Scheme of polyisoprene structure of NR-latex. The electrolytically polymerized MCF rubber of the anode-side surface in Figure 11 was analyzed by XPS. Figure 13 presents the results. The MCF rubber was electrolytically polymerized under the same experimental conditions as in Figure 8.3 Figure 13 shows a comparison with rubber solidified by the DM. Comparing polarization of the spectra of C to those of C=C (green line in Figure 13) and C-C (blue and yellow lines), the quantity of C-C blue line in Figure 13b is increased from that in Figure 13a. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Location** & **at 1663 and 1710 cm\({}^{-1}\) of C=C** & **at 1000 cm\({}^{-1}\) of C-C** \\ \hline Electrolytically polymerized MCF rubber & 55.88 & 12.94 \\ MCF rubber liquid before & 13.18 & 3.21 \\ electrolytic polymerization & 13.73 & 3.36 \\ MCF rubber solidified by Drying & 13.73 & 3.36 \\ Method with magnetic field & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of spectra from Figure 11.  
Figure 13: XPS spectra of MCF rubber of anode-side surface: (**a**) electrolytically polymerized MCF rubber; (**b**) MCF rubber solidified by the DM with a magnetic field. Therefore, the quantity of C-C bonds increases by electrolytic polymerization.