## 5 Overview of Existing Technique
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Technique** & **Core Term** & **Core Idea** & **Solution** & **Drawbacks** \\ \hline
[96] & DIY model & Mobile networks. & Constructing mobile networks in places where prior community cellular networks were focused on low end service provisioning. & \(\frac{5}{5}\)G to spread to more rural and non-urban areas by empowering small-scale local operators and communities to create and run contemporary networks. & Subscriber base can have recurring costs under \$1 USD per month. \\ \hline
[97] & C-RAN. & Network resources allocation. & Energy-efficient joint workload scheduling and BBU allocation algorithm, utilising queueing theory. & C-RAN controller distributes workload allocation among BBU servers in a time slot basis. & For restricted power and cost budgets, the scheduling strategy is suitable. \\ \hline
[98] & AirSea. & Robotics. & Clever manufacturing facility in the sea. & Sea-based, land-based, air-based, and space-based linkages are incorporated into the design of an air and sea mantra ray robot. & Seaplane, WIG effect, and mantra ray robots will significantly benefit ocean engineering and resource and energy development. \\ \hline
[99] & Throughput 5G. & Wireless access networks. & Offered a 5G multi-cell ns-3 simulation framework. & \(\frac{5}{5}\)G trace dataset, and a large-scale multi-cell 5G/mmwave simulation framework. & Incorporate mmwave and sub-6 GHz as shown in actual-world next-generation 5G networks. \\ \hline
[100] & Augmenting QoS. & QoS. & V3I Cloud SDK toolchains support creating complex automated cloud. & Executed an experimental system in which automiles formed a cloud resource unit. & Under investigation and outcomes. \\ \hline
[101] & MEC in the Cloud-RAN. & Core Network. & Situation where disaggregated base stations capable of provisioning MEC capabilities in per-packet. & Developed a signalling for communication between DUs and a MEC agent, which has access to container-based services. & Test how service replication via edge nodes serves different base stations’ technology mix. \\ \hline
[102] & OpenAirInterfaceCloud-RAN. & Modular SDN/NFV-based SDN testbed for future 5G mobile networks. & A CDSA-based testbed is required to enable examination of the NG-SON capabilities for practical implementations. & Under investigation and outcomes. \\ \hline
[103] & Network function virtualization. & Intent-based networking. & Pondered an Intent-based approach to mobile backhauling for 5G networks. & Backhaul interface based on intent. Wireless controllers should have little contact with the wired backhaul controller. & Incorporate VNF migration, path restoration, and telemetry support for the Intent interface. \\ \hline
[104] & Network simulations. & Network performance analysis. & Investigated 5G mobile communication system performance, MAS with polarized antenna based BS system is applied. & Simulation results reveal that the misaligned polarisation causes more power loss for the polarised antenna structure. & As a result, system capacity increases when the polarised antenna arrangement is implemented. \\ \hline
[105] & DES. & Maintenance performance. & These principles were used to give real-world industrial 5G pilot deployment assessments. & Inputs will be used in the requirement definition for 5G networks, such as mission-critical clouds and analytics services, as well as other network services. & It is vital to use DES in tandem with establishing business justifications for investments. \\ \hline
[106] & FiWi. & FiWi access networks & Focus on very low latency and ultra-high reliability of 5G and study how they can be obtained in FiWi upgraded LTE-A HetNets. & DOFR’s proposed routing technique helped increase the aggregate FiWi enhanced LTE-A throughput substantially. \\ \hline
[107] & 5G infrastructure emulator. & Service Deployment. & 5G infrastructure emulator capable of emulating a realistic 5G network on a small number of commercial-off-the-shelf servers via virtualization. & Proposed approach provides an emulator of 5G infrastructures, which can accurately replicate 5G infrastructure. & Emulation platform and empirical data reported in terms of 5G service rollout times on bare metals. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}