# Review on Wearable Technology in Sports: Concepts, Challenges and Opportunities
## 8 Challenges and Opportunities  
### Sports Data Ethics, Privacy and Security  
The integration of advanced training and preparation techniques within the sports industry heralds a transformative era, characterized by a profound emphasis on enhancing physical performance and preventing athlete injuries through the real-time provision of data. Technology is progressively becoming inseparable from the realm of sports [170]. As previously discussed, these technological advancements effectively contribute to injury prevention, performance enhancement, and the facilitation of healthy, high-level athletic careers. Consequently, real-time player performance data is systematically collected before, during, and after training sessions and competitive matches. Nevertheless, owing to the nature of data gathered via WTs, a discernible demarcation between personal health information and other performance-related data remains elusive, accompanied by ambiguity regarding data ownership. Scholarly inquiries have spotlighted potential misuse of athlete physiological data and violations of athlete privacy [146; 147]. These inquiries underscore the significant risks entailed, such as the inability to guarantee data privacy for athletes and the potential jeopardy to their careers [171]. Athletic physiological data encompasses sensitive information that is highly individualized [12] and comprises fundamental health and performance indicators [144], including medical details, as an illustrative example. It is notable that athlete physiological data may incorporate sensitive medical information that athletes would typically seek to safeguard as confidential in numerous contexts [12]. In an investigation aimed at elucidating the ownership rights pertaining to physiological data collected from professional athletes, [PERSON] et al., assert that the entity responsible for compiling this information assumes ownership, thereby potentially engendering the perception of a player's body as a commodity owned by the team [11]. As the utilization of data beyond the sporting arena becomes increasingly normalized, this ethical quandary is poised to escalate further. While modern athletes intelligently leverage innovative techniques facilitated by contemporary technology for training and preparation, substantial apprehension persists regarding the utilization of personal data. The incessant demand from leagues, teams, players, representatives, and media outlets for more comprehensive performance data drives the development and deployment of novel, enhanced, or simply different wearable technologies. In this context, it can be asserted that the pace of technological evolution surpasses that of legislative measures. However, these demands give rise to intricate issues concerning the collection and utilization of athletes' personal data, encompassing facets of ownership, intellectual property, privacy, and security [170]. Furthermore, the privacy, autonomy, data confidentiality, and careers of players become susceptible to risk [146]. [PERSON] et al. conducted a comparative analysis of the protections afforded to athlete physiological data as stipulated in the collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) of the five major professional sports leagues in North America. They advocate for the applicability of federal and state laws concerning physiological data collection, drawing attention to gaps in protection and the potential vulnerability of athletes [103]. Consequently, they posit that for leagues to harness these technological opportunities, robust and uniform protection mechanisms should be implemented. Similarly, [PERSON] and [PERSON] highlight significant concerns related to athlete privacy, data misuse, and exploitation, juxtaposed with the considerable potential offered by WTs for data acquisition and analysis [172]. The escalating utilization of smart devices for sports activities and physiological monitoring is unsurprising.