## 3 Results
### Short-Term and Long-Term Mortality and Senescence Effects of MMW Irradiation on H1299 Cancer Cells
Under the 2 min irradiation regime on the day of the irradiation (Day 1), approximately 34% of the H1299 cells showed senescence after irradiation compared to only 18.6% of control cells (Figure 5B and Table 6). Under this exposure regime, cells undergoing senescence reduced to 19% in the population over seven days of post irradiation incubation and was increased to 24.6% by day 14. H1299 cells under 4 min irradiation showed approximately 37% senescence on Day 1, which decreased to 28.6% on Day 7 and reached around 66% by Day 14. H1299 cells exposed to 10 min irradiation showed 60% senescence of the cell population on Day 1 and were completely dead before reaching Days 7 and 14 of the observation period. The long-term effects on H1299 cell death and senescence observed after the 4 min exposure were more profound than the effects observed for the 2 min regime (ref. Figures 4B and 5B). The results indicate that 4 min of irradiation delivering higher energy dosage affects the heterogeneous population of H1299 lung cancer cells and most cells that do not die become a part of the senescent cell populations. Moreover, as mentioned above, irradiation for 10 min led to the complete cell death of the entire population after two days following MMW treatment. Mortality and Senescence Effects of MMW Irradiation Observed in H1299 Cancer Cells does not Affect MCF-10A Non-Tumorigenic Cells  
To investigate whether the same irradiation procedures affect healthy cells, non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells, an immortalized mammary epithelial cell line [23] were exposed to W-band (75-105 GHz) MMW under the same power densities. These cells have a near diploid karyotype with typical culture \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c c c c c c|} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Cell Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Exposure Time** \\ **(min)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Senescence (\%)** \\ **in Observed Days** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Control** & 0 & \(18.6\pm 2.8\) & \(16.2\pm 1.6\) & \(15.4\pm 15\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 2 & \(34.0\pm 3.0\) & \(19.3\pm 2.5\) & \(24.6\pm 1.3\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Irradiated** & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{4} & \(36.9\pm 4.1\) & \(28.6\pm 3.3\) & \(66.3\pm 2.7\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 10 & \(\mathbf{60.1\pm 3.7}\) & **Cell died** & **Cell died** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**MCF-10A**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Control** \\ **Irradiated** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\(0\)} & \(1.4\pm 0.9\) & \(4\pm 1.2\) & \(4.3\pm 1.8\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 2 & \(3.1\pm 1.4\) & \(2.5\pm 0.7\) & \(3.1\pm 1.1\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 4 & \(3.4\pm 2.2\) & \(3.8\pm 0.6\) & \(5.0\pm 2.1\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 8 & \(4.2\pm 1.9\) & \(3.7\pm 1.1\) & \(4.4\pm 1.9\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 10 & \(3.9\pm 1.5\) & \(4.2\pm 1.4\) & \(3.7\pm 1.7\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 16 & \(5.0\pm 2.3\) & \(4.4\pm 1.5\) & \(3.7\pm 0.8\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Summary of the senescence effect following W-band (75–105 GHz) MMW treatment on H1299 and MCF-10A cell lines. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c c c c c|} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Cell Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Exposure Time** \\ **(min)** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} **Mortality (\%)** \\ **in observed days** \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Control** & 0 & \(3.9\pm 2.7\) & \(1.9\pm 3.3\) & \(3.1\pm 0.88\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 2 & \(13.9\pm 1.2\) & \(29.3\pm 2.6\) & \(3.4\pm 1.4\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 4 & \(14.3\pm 2.9\) & \(8.3\pm 2.0\) & \(10.3\pm 3.3\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 10 & \(\mathbf{46.8\pm 4.3}\) & **Cell died** & **Cell died** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**MCF-10A**} & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Control** \\ **Irradiated** \\ \end{tabular}