# Chatots for Cultural Venues: A Topic-Based Approach
## 1 Introduction
### Chatbots for Museums  
The exponential growth in the use of chatbots by enterprises and organizations is creating further opportunities in the cultural sector. More specifically, there is a growing number of works concerning the use of chatbots for physical and/virtual visitors in museum contexts. [PERSON] et al. [7] utilized chatbot technologies and combined them with gamification to promote visitor engagement and facilitate interaction. They present a chatbot developed as an outsourced project to support visitors of the House Museums of Milan, a group of four historic house museums in Milan, Italy. After successive alterations of its design, it was finally released as a gamified chatbot game, developed using Facebook Messenger, and mainly targeted for teenage population. The evaluation presented by the authors indicates high acceptance, since 72% of the respondents characterized application as highly entertaining, while 66% assessed the chatbot to be a useful learning tool, particularly when used cooperatively in pairs or in small groups. The Field Museum has implemented a chatbot under the name 'Maximo the Titanosaur', which offers information about itself, its living days, the relevant historical era, how he ended up in the museum, and so forth [8; 9]. The chatbot was developed using the DialogFlow platform offered by Google, exploiting the NLP and machine learning techniques that the platform offers. The chatbot is delivered as a separate web page and also integrated into other platforms such as Facebook and Viber and finally an SMS gateway is provided. The [PERSON]'s home [10] museum in Amsterdam has implemented a chatbot using the Facebook Messenger app as a frontend. This chatbot allows the user to access information about [PERSON] and her family, her life before the Nazi invasion and after it, as well as the time she and her family was hiding, etc. The msg.ai technology used in this chatbot applies learning techniques to discern responses that are considered successful and increase the rate at which they are reused in similar contexts. It can also operate when user input is not complete or contextualized, and arranges for probing the user for extra information to collect missing information or context elements. The HelloGuide startup company based in Hamburg, Germany ([[https://helloguide.ai/](https://helloguide.ai/)]([https://helloguide.ai/](https://helloguide.ai/)), accessed on 13 July 2023) offers chatbot development services to museums, and a number of museums including the Historical Museums of Hamburg, the German Historical Museum and the Museum fur Angewandt Kunst Koln have utilized these services to develop chatbots for their visitors. Chatbots developed by HelloGuide can be integrated into Facebook pages and the WhatsApp system and is provided under the software-as-a-service model. Ref. [11] presents a historical overview of chatbot implementations introduced by museums from 2004 onwards. However, deployed museum chatbots are typically custom developments outsourced to IT companies, and besides the cost incurred for their development, they are static in content and rigid and cannot be easily maintained by museum personnel. Ref. [12] presents a work on the design and development of AI chatbots for museums using knowledge graphs (KGs). This paper reports on the development of a chatbot for the Heracleum Archaeological Museum, which mainly employs natural language processing, natural language generation and entity recognition to realize a chatbot on top of a triple store describing the exhibits. Ref. [13] presents a chatbot employing a multi-chatbot graph-based conversational AI approach, aiming to facilitate natural language dialogues concerning the life and works of the Greek writer [PERSON], which was created in the context of a research and development project for the Nikos Kazantzakis Museum in Greece. Ref.