## 1 Introduction  
Electrical energy is a basic asset for the development of a region. Commonly, non-renewable energy such as natural gas, coal, and oil is used as fuel to generate electrical energy [1]. Due to the scarcity and rising prices of non-renewable energy resources today, it is important to utilize other types of resources to generate electricity. One of the promising renewable energies that can be used to generate electricity is wind energy because of its several advantages [2, 3]. In a traditional wind generation system, to generate electricity a three-phase generator is widely used. Along with the rapid development of power electronic devices [4] and efforts to improve generator performances, the use of a multiphase system is considered important for harnessing energy from the wind more efficiently. A five-phase motor or generator is categorized as a multiphase system because of its phase number equal to four or higher as well as its arrangement in n-phase symmetrical stator winding configurations [5]. Some of the studies dealing with five-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators are highlighted below. In [6], [PERSON] et al. proposed a permanent magnet generator for wind power application. The generator was designed with a dual stator where both stators accommodated five-phase windings. The generator is also claimed to be capable of forming eight magnetic poles using only four actual permanent magnet poles on both surfaces of the rotor. The performance results show that the proposed generator has a higher power density than the two conventional five-phase generators. The advantage and application of five-phase permanent magnet machines are discussed in [7]. The author designed a five-phase generator and its power electronics system. The analysis results show that the five-phase permanent magnet generator is able to reduce the ripple torque, reduce the size of the capacitor, improve power density, and improve the fault tolerance when compared to a three-phase permanent magnet generator. The authors also discussed that the five-phase permanent magnet generator can be applied in a wind turbine system and an aerospace application. In [8], they proposed an analytical method to obtain the optimal performances of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator in an improvement time duration when compared to the finite element method (FEM). The authors used a multiphase system in designing the generator for a direct-drive wind turbine because the multiphase system has the superiority of reducing the dimension of the converter, increasing the power density, increasing the reliability, and increasing the fault tolerance capability when compared to the three-phase system. Due to the increasing interest in utilizing renewable energy caused by the scarcity of non-renewable energy, the authors in [9] designed a generator with a five-phase system that can be applied in a gearless small-scale wind turbine. The multiple optimizations were carried out on its geometry and were analyzed with the two-dimensional finite element methods (FEM). By using a five-phase system, the simulation results showed that the generator voltage ripple was greatly reduced, leading to an ideal rectifier waveform. Based on the advantages of the five-phase system applied to the radial flux permanent magnet generator discussed above, the most qualified axial flux permanent magnet generator in [10] was modified. Modifications were made by increasing the number of stator cores, changing the position of the stator windings, and increasing the number of phase systems with the aim of upgrading the output power and power density. Besides the modification, optimization was also carried out to decrease the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the on-load voltage (\(V_{I}\)) of the generator by employing the Taguchi and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods. The content of this paper is divided into four sections. Section 1 discusses the introduction.