## 3 Applications of Game Theory in WSN
### Game Theory for Wireless Communication in WSN
#### 3.2.4 Routing Protocol Designs
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [157] analyzed a game theoretic model taking into consideration residual energy of nodes in a homogenous WSN considering random and square topology. A game theoretic method called the first price sealed auction game was introduced to control routing overhead in WSNs in literature [158]. The method divides all nodes in a WSN into several disjoint groups, and only one group is in the active mode at each time can save energy and prolong the lifetime of the whole WSN. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [159] proposed and investigated a random access Medium Access Control (MAC)--Relay Selection Mechanism for cluster-based geographic routing in Multi-hop WSNs. The game-theoretical relay selection strategy relies on descending pricing auctions which is known as \"Dutch Auctions\". [PERSON] and [PERSON] [160] provided a game theoretical modeling of clustering for _ad-hoc_ and sensor networks. The analysis is based on a non-cooperative game approach where each sensor behaves selfishly in order to conserve its energy and maximize its lifespan. The authors formulate a clustering mechanism called Clustered Routing for Selfish Sensors (CROSS) which can be applied to sensor networks in practice. To balance energy consumption of sensor nodes and increase network lifetime and stability, a cooperative game theoretic model of clustering algorithms is provided for assigning feasible allocations of energy cost [125]. [PERSON] _et al_. [161] proposed a trustworthy energy efficient routing algorithm (TEER) aiming to distribute energy consumption across sensors evenly as well as increase the path security in a hierarchical-cluster sensor network, and the cluster head is selected by using a game theoretic paradigm. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [162] introduced GT to routing algorithm and presented the Unequal Clustering Energy-Economical Routing (UCEER) algorithm for WSN which can balance nodes' energy consumption and prolong network lifetime. [PERSON] _et al_. [163] proposed an optimal cluster-head algorithm to improve network performance. To maximize the average coverage, [PERSON] _et al_. [40] desired that the overlapped sensing area in each group to be minimized. To achieve this objective, authors formulated this group division and coverage maximizing problem into a game theory model and the desired solution in this model is a NE strategy profile. Then, a hill-climbing NE convergence idea applied into the coverage game and let each node converge to an approximate NE in a coherent local way. [PERSON] _et al_. [124] proposed an efficient routing solution using a game theoretic framework for correlated data collection in WSNs. The Game-theoretical Complete Coverage (GCC) algorithm is used to ensure whole network coverage mainly through adjusting the covering range of nodes and controlling the network redundancy in literature [164]. A simplified game-theoretic constraint optimization scheme (G-ConOpt) was presented in literature [165], which is easy to be implemented in current WSNs. A simplified game-theoretic MAC protocol (G-MAC) was provided for WSNs in literature [166], by using an auto digressive back-off mechanism which is easy to be implemented. [PERSON] _et al_. [167] presented an energy-efficient Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy based on Game-theoretic Techniques (ACHGT) routing algorithm for WSNs to balance the energy consumption. To balance energy consumption of sensor nodes and increase network lifetime and stability, a cooperative game theoretic model of clustering algorithms is provided for assigning feasible allocations of energy cost in literature [125]. [PERSON] _et al_. [168] proposed a Game Theoretic Energy Balance Routing (GTEBR) algorithm to avoid unevenly energy consuming in WSNs. [PERSON] _et al_. [44] used the NBS in order to determine the transmission power and source and channel coding rate for each node to solve the problem of resource allocation for a Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) wireless visual sensor network.