## 4 Discussion  
In the present study, the selected recipe of VFJ was analyzed in terms of its properties, especially the antioxidant activity, which was related to dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in patients with dyslipidemia [23]. The nutritional value of VFJ, including total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids makes it a potential alternative to conventional medicine for lowering dyslipidemia. Indeed, many reports have verified its ability to reduce dyslipidemia risk by altering the TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels. Specifically, soluble dietary fiber has been shown to reduce TC and LDL-C levels [24; 25], potentially by increasing BA excretion, thus delaying reabsorption in the intestine [26]. Additionally, the production of short-chain fatty acids by microbial fermentation of dietary fiber in the colon lowers LDL-C levels [27]. Several studies have reported that probiotic bacteria can improve lipid profiles. [PERSON] et al. [28] studied the efficacy of _L. plantarum_ capsule (containing 1.2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{9}\) CFU of a mixture strain CECT 7527, CECT 7528, and CECT 7529) in hypercholesterol patients for 12 weeks. The level of TC in the _L. plantarum_ group significantly decreased to 13.6% compared to a placebo group. [PERSON] et al. [29] suggested that the consumption of a mixed probiotic powder (_L. curatatus_ HY7601 and _L. plantarum_ KY1032) for 12 weeks decreased 18.3% of TG level compared to a group that consumed the powder without probiotic strains. Therefore, the VFJ and VFJ containing probiotic bacteria may present useful complementary medicine for patients with dyslipidemia presenting with mild symptoms. In particular, the VFJ offers the benefit of not requiring heat during the preparation process, thereby retaining the full nutrition content of the ingredients. The consumption of VFJ with and without probiotic _L. paracasei_ on physical parameters was discussed in term of BW, BMI, and WC. WC was found to significantly decrease in the probiotic group on day 30 compared to baseline. Our results are consistent with those of [PERSON] et al. [30], who showed that obese participants exhibited a significant reduction in WC after probiotic consumption. Meanwhile, no effect was observed on BM or BMI. Similarly, in a study by [PERSON] et al. [31], obese participants showed reduced WC compared to the placebo group participants after consuming a mixture of probiotic _Lactobacillus_ and _Bifidobacterium_ (50 billion per day) for six months. The result of this study showed that the lipid profile of the placebo group (consumption of VFJ without probiotic _L. paracasei_) was not significantly different between baseline and endpoint. However, the lipid profile of the probiotic group (consumption of VFJ with probiotic _L. paracasei_) showed that the level of TC, LDL-C, TG, and TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly declined to 5.59, 6.00, 24.14, and 30.83%, respectively, while the level of HDL-C was significantly increased to 8.33% at the endpoint, when compared with the baseline. Overall, the VFJ containing probiotic _L. paracasei_ could improve lipid profile in the participant with dyslipidemia. This might be associated with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) produced by probiotics, which is the enzymatic deconjugation of bile acids by hydrolysis of conjugated bile acids into deconjugated bile acids [32]. Deconjugated bile acids are less soluble and are reabsorbed in the intestinal lumen less than conjugated bile acids, leading to the excretion of larger amounts of free bile acids in feces [30]. Thus, the deconjugation of bile acids results in a reduction in serum cholesterol by increasing the demand of cholesterol for de novo synthesis of bile acids to replace those lost in feces [33]. The outcomes of lipid profile are related to the previous literature of [PERSON] et al. [34]. They studied the consumption of conventional yogurt and probiotic yogurt (containing _L. acidophilus_ La-5 and _B. lactis_ Bb-12) in diabetic patients.