## 5 Results
### The Use of an Orthophotomap in Landscape Shaping  
The orthophotomaps from various time periods--1963 and 2010--were used to assess the landscape of Kasinka Mala. The time interval between them is equal to 47 years, so this set of materials allowed us to identify the changes occurring in the environment. The use of photogrammetric materials required the creation of thematic layers, named arable land, grassland, orchards, forests, waters, roads, and buildings, for orthophotomaps from 1963 and 2010 (Figures 5 and 6).  
Figure 4: WIT 2—non-agricultural activities for the municipality Kamionka Wielka.  
Figure 5: Orthophotomap from 1963.  
In the next stage of work, the topology of contoured orthophotomaps was checked. After doing this, both drawings were superimposed to capture the differences that emerged over time. The results of the activities carried out are shown in Figure 9.  
It presents in a pictorial manner the changes that took place during the research period, thanks to marking both years with different colors, so it is easy to see the differences  
Figure 8: The image created after the vectorization of the orthophotomap from 2010.  
Figure 9: The image that emerged after the transformations.  
between black (1963) and green (2010). Table 3 presents the sets of result data included in the report. They show that the area of arable land is the largest, both in 1963 and in 2010, although it has decreased by about 12 ha. The area of orchards and waters have also decreased. As a result of these changes, the area of built-up areas and roads has increased.  
Table 4 illustrates what detailed changes have taken place in the studied area in relation to a particular layer. The biggest changes include changing a large part of agricultural land (over 13 ha) into grassland. In grassland, a transformation has taken place, especially to arable land and forests; water has been largely overgrown by forests, and some forests have been adapted for grassland. Most orchards have been turned into arable land and into grassland or other areas. A large part of the roads remained in their original position; the rest have been transformed into forest, a role, or grassland. The other areas have been transformed mostly into forests and grasslands, and some new buildings have been built on them.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Buildings**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Arable Land**} \\ \hline Type of Terrain & Type of Terrain & Surface (2010) & Type of Terrain & Type of Terrain & Surface (1963) & (2010) & Surface (ha) \\ \hline B & B & 0.4747 & R & - & 0.7499 \\ \hline B & Dr & 0.0300 & R & B & 0.278 \\ \hline B & Ls & 0.0149 & R & Dr & 0.6233 \\ \hline B & R & 0.0172 & R & Ls & 5.0166 \\ \hline B & S & 0.0004 & R & R & 36.4486 \\ \hline B & Uz & 0.0481 & R & Uz & 13.6086 \\ \hline B & x & 0.2372 & R & x & 1.7255 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{AMOUNT} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.8225} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{AMOUNT} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{58.4505} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: The list of landscape changes in individual groups.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type of Terrain**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Area of the Site with an**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Area of the Site with an**} \\  & **Orthophotomap from Year 1693** & **Orthophotomap from Year 2010** \\ \hline B & 0.8226 & 2.3574 \\ \hline R & 58.4505 & 46.3167 \\ \hline S & 1.9849 & 0.359 \\ \hline W & 1.1482 & 0.7953 \\ \hline x & 13.4925 & 10.1121 \\ \hline Dr & 2.8649 & 3.5916 \\ \hline Ls & 15.6849 & 26.8018 \\ \hline Uz & 20.3064 & 24.421 \\ \hline AMOUNT & 114.7549 & 114.7549 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: The list of different use areas from 1963 and 2010.