# Research Advances in Large Deformation Analysis and Applications of the Material Point Method
## 8 Conclusions and Outlook
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Application** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** \\ \hline High-speed impact & Effectively captures the physical phenomena of shock wave generation, debris cloud formation, and material damage; possesses robust handling capabilities for moving material interfaces and multi-material coupling issues. & The computational efficiency in regions of small deformation is inferior to the finite element method, necessitating the use of coupling methods (such as the CFEMP) to enhance efficiency; it struggles to accurately capture very fine details such as intricate fragmentation structures and vortex flow features. \\ \hline Explosions & Has good adaptability for problems involving high pressure, high-speed flow, and solid deformation caused by explosions; capable of simulating the significant deformation, phase changes, and flow induced by blasts. & In handling high-speed flows, numerical dissipation and grid-crossing errors may occur, necessitating improvements with the GIMP method. \\ \hline Dynamic cracking & Not constrained by the background mesh; it conveniently handles the significant topological changes during crack propagation; it can be combined with phase-field methods to further enhance simulation accuracy. & The precision of stress at the crack tip is dependent on the density of material points, and additional relationships are required to link the initiation of cracks with their propagation speed and direction, which increases computational costs and the complexity of the simulation. \\ \hline Penetration & Effectively simulates the damage process of target plate materials under penetration; boundary conditions are readily applied, with no issues of tensile instability, offering high computational efficiency. & Complex contact determination necessitates the optimization of multiple local background grids. \\ \hline Fluid–structure interaction & Uniformly handles fluid–solid interfaces (such as the coupling of explosive gases with structures); it can also be coupled with other methods (such as FEM, LBM, DEM, etc.) to enhance the capability of dealing with complex fluid–solid coupling problems. & Multiphase coupling computations are resource-intensive; applying boundary conditions is challenging; contact penetration is likely to occur when solid regions undergo small deformations while fluid regions experience large deformations. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of MPM in large deformation applications. **Funding:** This work was sponsored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52168061), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (Grant No. 2022 JJA160201), and the Scientific Research and Technology Development Program Project in Xingning District, Nanning City (Grant No. 2023A02). **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** No new data were created or analyzed in this study. **Acknowledgments:** The authors are grateful to [PERSON] for his financial support and to their colleagues and students for their assistance in this research. Additionally, the authors extend their appreciation to the anonymous reviewers for their meticulous reviews and valuable suggestions. **Conflicts of Interest:** Author [PERSON] was employed by the company Guangxi Highway Inspection Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the re-search was con-ducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.