## 3 Results  
Figure 1 depicts the progression of participants throughout this randomized clinical trial, in which 23 edentulous volunteers were enlisted. Four participants were deemed ineligible due to failure to meet the stipulated requirements. Among these, one participant had uncontrolled diabetes, another was in poor health, and two were unable to accommodate treatment and follow-up appointments; therefore, they were omitted from the study. As a result, the final enrollment consisted of 19 participants, including 9 men and 10 women, with an average age of 68.4 years (range: 46-86 years). Table 1 provides a summary of the individual's baseline traits. Baseline (T0) scores of OHIP-EDENT-J, satisfaction, and PDA in both groups are listed in Table 2. Notably, age, gender, ACP classification, and baseline scores exhibited no significant differences between the two groups (non-paired \(t\)-test, chi-square test, and Man-Whitney U test). One conventional group participant, who  
lost both implants a month after surgery, was not included. In contrast, in the immediate group, none of the implants were detached. Data from 10 and 8 participants, respectively, were examined in the immediate and conventional groups. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Characteristics**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total (\(\mathbf{n=19}\))**} & **Immediate Group** & **Conventional Group** & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{p}\)} \\  & & **(\(\mathbf{n=10}\))** & **(\(\mathbf{n=9}\))** & \\ \hline Age, mean (SD) & 68.4 (9.9) & 69.2 (10.6) & 66.6 (9.1) & 0.570 \\ (years) & 9/10 & 6/4 & 3/6 & 0.250 \\ Gender (male/female) & & & & 0.890 \\ ACP classification & & 2 & 2 & \\ I & 4 & 2 & 2 & \\ II & 5 & 3 & 2 & \\ III & 7 & 4 & 3 & \\ IV & 3 & 1 & 2 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Participants’ baseline characteristics. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Immediate Group** & **Conventional Group** & \(\mathbf{p}\) \\ \hline OHIP-EDENT-J & 22 [13; 27] & 20 [12; 25] & 0.592 \\ Patient satisfaction & 72 [40; 82] & 55 [50; 95] & 1.000 \\ PDA & & & \\ Function & 321 [294; 350] & 333 [234; 346] & 0.859 \\ Lower Denture & 258 [226; 292] & 311 [234; 334] & 0.657 \\ Upper Denture & 226 [175; 256] & 234 [194; 269] & 0.534 \\ Expectation & 204 [156; 287] & 194 [169; 262] & 0.824 \\ Esthetic and Speech & 194 [127; 283] & 141 [128; 255] & 0.762 \\ Importance & 256 [175; 338] & 286 [141; 290] & 0.266 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Data are presented as median [first quartile, third quartile].  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Baseline (T0) scores of OHIP-EDENT-J, PDA, and satisfaction in both groups. (Immediate loading group (IG); conventional loading group (CG)). Figure 1: Participant flow during the study. Median differences in OHIP-EDENT-J, patient satisfaction, and PDA between the baseline (T0) and each subsequent yearly evaluation, including year 1 (T1), year 2 (T2), year 3 (T3), year 4 (T4), and year 5 (T5), are detailed in Tables 3-5. No statistically significant differences were observed in OHIP-EDENT-J summary scores, general satisfaction, or the six PDA domains between the immediately and conventionally loaded groups over the study's duration. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Median Differences [95\% Confidence Interval] of Satisfaction Scores**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **T1-T0** & **T2-T0** & **T3-T0** & **T4-T0** & **T5-T0** \\ \hline Immediate loading & 19 & 15 & 23 & 18 & 23 \\ Group (IG) & [11; 48] & [4; 27] & [14; 39] & [1; 57] & [2; 42] \\ Conventional & 58 & 28 & 13 & 2 & 18 \\ loading Group (CG) & [20; 86] & [3; 48] & [1; 44] & [\(-4\); 42] & [\(-3\), 40] \\ \(p\) & 1.000 & 0.829 & 0.613 & 0.694 & 0.867 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Data are presented as median [first quartile, third quartile].  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Median differences in patient satisfaction scores between baseline and each yearly evaluation period between groups (immediate loading Group (IG); conventional loading group (CG)).