# Mapping Noise from Motorised Transport in the Context of Infrastructure Management
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Population Figures Exposed to Noise
The visualisation of noise levels on a map, together with the geo-referencing of data, makes it possible to identify sites which require intervention or which will require a response in the long term. The issue of noise pollution in the context of building approvals should be integrated into the local spatial development plan. According to the measurements taken, noise impact according to L\({}_{\text{den}}\) was found on 1.899 km\({}^{2}\). This  
Figure 11: Map of noise-prone areas in which the permissible noise levels expressed in L\({}_{\text{den}}\) are exceeded. Figure 4:0 Map of noise-prone areas in which the permissible noise levels expressed in L\({}_{\text{den}}\) are exceeded. translates into an impact on approximately 1200 residents living in the exceedance zone of the indicated indicator. In contrast, for the L\({}_{\text{Aeq}}\) metric, the exceedance occurs over an area of 1.220 km\({}^{2}\), impacting around 700 residents. It is important to note, that none of the key indicators was referenced for the study area, i.e., L\({}_{\text{Aeq}}\): significant annoyance (HA, from high annoyance), high sleep disturbance (HSD), and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). One of the most common strategies for reducing traffic noise is the installation of noise barriers [76; 77; 78]. However, this approach is often ineffective due to challenging urban conditions and limited space for their installation [79]. Minor noise exceedances can be mitigated by incorporating greenery along the road lane [80; 81; 82]. The main elements in the fight against traffic noise in cities are the use of noise protection measures consisting of proper traffic organisation [83; 84] or the introduction of new solutions, such as noise-reducing pavements [48]. Noise maps are an important tool for road managers in the process of road operation. The analysis of noise maps allows for unambiguous indication of locations where the noise value is exceeded and taking appropriate action. In the process of road operation and management, this makes it possible to plan intervention works and investments taking into account the current or future needs of the road. As part of the results, the infrastructure manager has decided to reduce noise levels by applying speed limits and increasing enforcement of existing speed limits [15; 85]. For the short section of road with the highest exceedances, it was decided to ban heavy goods vehicle traffic [86; 87]. In the next stages, it is planned to plant greenery in the road lane. Applying the indicated solutions has made it possible to reduce noise levels and eliminate the problem for the surveyed road sections. The assumed effect of the introduced and planned works is the complete elimination of exceeded noise standards. Conceptualisation, P.J., M.K., J.M. and A.K. ; methodology, P.J. and M.K. ; software, P.J. and M.K. ; validation, J.M. and A.K. ; formal analysis, P.J., M.K., J.M. and A.K. ; investigation, P.J., M.K., J.M. and A.K. ; resources, P.J., M.K., J.M. and A.K. ; data curation, P.J. and M.K. ; writing--original draft preparation, P.J., M.K., J.M. and A.K. ; writing--review and editing, P.J., M.K., J.M. and A.K. ; visualisation, P.J. and M.K. ; supervision, P.J. ; project administration, P.J. and M.K. ; funding acquisition, P.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.