# A Review on LiFi Network Research: Open Issues, Applications and Future Directions
## 6 Advantages and Disadvantages  
This section discusses the main disadvantages and advantages of LiFi. LiFi has low power consumption because the ULT is built to have a low peak to average transmitter ratio, as well as a lower computational complexity [34]. Furthermore, it has a fast speed link in comparison with other technologies and a high data rate. Thus, LiFi could reach a very high degree of spectral efficiency because of the massively reduced interference by the co-channel in dense network implementation [177]. LiFi is an accessible system because it uses the existing infrastructure, including lamps and lighting components that are deployed in almost all indoor areas. It is also considered a green technology because light has no harmful effects on the environment [14; 110; 139; 144]. This feature is non present in the RF-sensitive applications that may have potentially negative health consequences for humans, such as high frequency, come from 5G networks [152]. LiFi connections also serve as an enhanced and reliable link over the infrastructure (e.g., 5G) based on a V2V framework. LiFi can alleviate some important challenges faced by 5G and is ready for seamless integration into the 5G core [5; 143; 145; 178]. The electromagnetic spectrum VL size is greater than 300 THz. Similarly, in these networks, a broad, unregulated bandwidth would ideally be used, and this bandwidth is 600,000 times faster than a 500 MHz WiGing channel, which reaches up to 7 Gbps (wireless gigabit alliance). Moreover, research shows that the achievable data rate of a multiple LED device when utilizing WDM will exceed 100 Gb/s [57]. The combination of RF and LiFi systems has a major benefit because the LiFi system offers high data speeds coupled with lighting, and the RF system provides pervasive coverage. As an environmentally sustainable and renewable networking technology with unrestricted bandwidth resources, the VLC framework has emerged as an alternative to traditional wireless technologies. The VLC device has many other special features, including a broad unlicensed bandwidth that can deal with a crowded radio spectrum. Additionally, it offers low-cost facilities because it is used as a transmitter by LEDs. Furthermore, it is free of interference from modern and existing technologies, and it has a stronger security physical layer. Apart from all the benefits that have been stated, it offers illumination without the added cost, and, most critically, it avoids any sort of health issue [5]. There are Similar to the issue of the limited range, LiFi AP are approximately 10 m shorter. A small field of  
Figure 7: LiFi system components. coverage, as well as blocking [106] and shadowing [57; 115], is clearly observed. There is an issue with LOS [179] and possibly noise from another neighbour with illumination or other AP [180]. In a realistic view of LiFi systems, the DC forward current of the LEDs is higher than the data-carrying signal to satisfy the criteria for illumination. Therefore, the total interference is controlled by the photo-induced shot noise [177]. LiFi has a high-security connection because light cannot penetrate the walls [21; 181]. This phenomenon would provide the user with a stable link connection and a decent data rate. One of LiFi's greatest benefits is its low-cost network infrastructure because it is also easily assimilated with the existing lighting scheme due to its inexpensive equipment [21; 88]. Furthermore, LiFi is not regarded as involved in high-power consumption because it is environmentally sustainable but not costly [182]. Moreover, no other electromagnetic infrastructure network interferes with the LiFi system because of the different electric wave frequencies [21; 23]. Gamma rays-X and UV are not used in LiFi because they are dangerous to human health [23]. The SNR of LiFi is large, achievable, and can be integrated into the new lighting method effectively [21; 88]. A further advantage of the LiFi system is that it can work underwater because light can pass through fluids [88; 109].