# Applications of Nanomaterial Coatings in Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME)
## 9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives in SPME
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Nanomaterial**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Analyte**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SMFE Substrate**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Techniques**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**LOD**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Linear Range**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**References**} \\  & & & & & **Cydes** & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**-**} & Butylrins and & Polydimethylsiloxane & \multirow{3}{*}{GC-FPD} & \multirow{3}{*}{**-**} & 0.006–0.031 ng Sc I\({}^{-1}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{**-**} & \multirow{3}{*}{[37]} \\  & phenyltiins & (PDMS) fiber & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline AuNPs/OMC & Aniline & Stainless steel wire & GC-FID & & 0.072–0.18 ug L\({}^{-1}\) & 0.1–1000 ug L\({}^{-1}\) & [33] \\ \hline PEDOT/AuNPs & Polycyclic aromatic & \multirow{3}{*}{Stainless steel wire} & GC & 160 & 2.5–25 ng L\({}^{-1}\) & 0.01–100 g L\({}^{-1}\) & [54] \\  & hydrocarbons (PAHs) & & & & & & \\ \hline Helical MWCNTs & Fragrance materials & \multirow{3}{*}{GEC-MS} & 0.2–132 ng/L & \multirow{3}{*}{6–2000 ng L\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{[114]} \\  & & silica fibers & & & & \\ \hline SWCNTs & Butylrins & Stainless steel wire & GC-MS & 150 & 2–5 ng L\({}^{-1}\) & 6–2000 ng L\({}^{-1}\) & [115] \\ \hline MWCNTs & Polybrominated & \multirow{3}{*}{Fused silica fiber (PBDEs)} & \multirow{3}{*}{GC-BCD} & \multirow{3}{*}{100} & \multirow{3}{*}{3.6–8.6 ng L\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{28–2800 ng L\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{[116]} \\  & diphenylt ethers & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline MWCNT/ZrO\({}_{2}\) & PAHs & \multirow{3}{*}{Needle trap device (NTD)} & \multirow{3}{*}{3} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.001–0.01 ng mL\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.01–20 ng mL\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{[120]} \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline PMMA@GO\({}_{\text{Fe}}\)/O\({}_{\text{O}}\) & Aromatic amines & Fused silica & GC & 139–173 & 2–6 pg mL\({}^{-1}\) & 0.007–100 ng mL\({}^{-1}\) & [122] \\ \hline Fe\({}_{\text{O}}\)/polyethylene & Volatile organic & \multirow{3}{*}{PAPI\({}_{\text{compounds}}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{Optical fiber} & GC-MS & \multirow{3}{*}{200} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.008–0.063 ng/L} & \multirow{3}{*}{[0.001–450 × 104 ng/L} & \multirow{3}{*}{[123]} \\  & glycol & compounds & & & & & \\ \hline Hexagonally ordered & \multirow{3}{*}{PAHs} & \multirow{3}{*}{Stainless steel wire} & \multirow{3}{*}{GC-MS} & \multirow{3}{*}{50} & \multirow{3}{*}{4.2 and 26.1 pg mL\({}^{-1}\).} & \multirow{3}{*}{-} & \multirow{3}{*}{[130]} \\  & nanoprous silica (SBA-15) & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline ZIF-90 templated NFC (ZIF-90-NPC) & \multirow{3}{*}{Stainless steel wire (FC-nECD)} & \multirow{3}{*}{100} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.1–0.5 ng g\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.3–50 ng g\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{[131]} \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline CMK-3 & Polar phenolic & \multirow{3}{*}{Copper metal wires} & GC-MS & 40 & 0.002 to 0.068 g mL\({}^{-1}\) & - & [132] \\  & nanoporous carbon & & & & & & \\ \hline Pyrrole, carbon & \multirow{3}{*}{Volatile-aromatic (FTE)} & \multirow{3}{*}{Stainless steel wire (FC-FID)} & \multirow{3}{*}{100} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.01 to 0.04 ng mL\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.03–500 ng mL\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{[137]} \\  & nanotubes, and & & & & & & \\ \hline titanium oxide (FPy-CNT-TiO\({}_{2}\)) & \multirow{3}{*}{Stainless steel wire (FPy-CNT-TiO\({}_{2}\))} & \multirow{3}{*}{Stainless steel wire (FC-FID)} & \multirow{3}{*}{100} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.01 to 0.04 ng mL\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.03–500 ng mL\({}^{-1}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{[137]} \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Evaluation of different types of nanomaterials and substrates employed in SPME fibers for the microextraction of different types of compounds and their detection efficiencies in detection devices. their range of applications even more.