## 1 Introduction  
The solar greenhouse industry has a profound impact on the production of northern facilities [1]. As of the end of 2018, the construction area of solar greenhouses in China was 5.775 million \(\mathrm{hm}^{2}\), accounting for about one-third of the total construction area of horticultural facilities [2]. The solar greenhouse provides a new way for the sustainable supply of vegetables in the off-season in north China. Traditional thick earth wall and brick wall solar greenhouse have the disadvantages of high construction cost, complex construction process and poor heat preservation performance. Meanwhile, the modular heat storage wall plays an important role in the development of modern solar greenhouse, and has a character of simple installation. Therefore, a large number of researchers explored on modular back wall material [3; 4; 5], back wall structure [6; 7], heat storage mode [8; 9], and heat preservation performance [10; 11]. [PERSON] [12] analyzed the performance of the modular assembled solar greenhouse which has a good thermal insulation performance, a 30% lower construction cost and 14-20% higher output. Compared with the traditional solar greenhouse in Shandong area, the construction cost of soil module greenhouse can be reduced by more than 40%. [PERSON] et al. [13] made a comparative analysis of gravel and traditional brick as the back wall material used in solar greenhouse, and revealed that the gravel wall solar greenhouse was 3.2-5.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C higher than the traditional brick wall solar greenhouse in three types of weather: sunny, cloudy and snowy. In addition, the internal temperature of the gravel wall solar greenhouse was also higher than that of the traditional brick wall. This indicated that the thermal performance of the gravel wall was better than that of the traditional brick wall. It has been found that passive heat storage of solar greenhouse walls could not effectively maintain the indoor temperature of nighttime. Therefore, many papers designed greenhouses with active heat storage [14; 15; 16; 17]. [PERSON] and others compared and analyzed the temperature changes in the growing season of three solar greenhouses under different weather conditions. The results show that the active heat storage solar greenhouse is superior to the sunken solar greenhouse and the local traditional solar greenhouse as a whole. It has good heat preservation and temperature storage performance under extreme low temperature and typical overcast weather conditions, and can meet the growth requirements of indoor crops at low temperatures [18]. The heat storage performance analysis of flat micro-heat pipe array heat storage wall showed that the greenhouse temperature was increased by 1.2-1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C on average [19]. Besides, the analysis results of a rear wall heat storage system with ventilated heat storage ducts and conducted performance revealed that the active heat storage rear wall solar greenhouse increased the temperature by 2.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C on average compared with the traditional solar greenhouse [20]. [PERSON] et al. [21] tested the thermal performance of the back wall of active heat storage solar greenhouse (SW). Compared with passive heat storage solar greenhouse (CK), the average temperature of SW was lower during daytime and higher at night in sunny weather. In cloudy weather, SW was 1.8 and 2.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C higher than CK, and the effective heat storage layer of SW was more than that of CK in sunny and cloudy weather. They concluded that active heat storage solar greenhouse had a better heat storage effect. The above studies provided data references for the production of active thermal storage heliogreenhouse. However, the thermal performance analysis of different modular thermal storage back walls combined with soil thermal storage has not been published yet. Firstly, the thermal performance of thermal storage back wall heliostat is excellent, but the long construction period and high cost limit the large area production of this type of heliostat.