# Cortical Correlates of Psychedelic-Induced Shaking Behavior Revealed by Voltage Imaging
## 2 Results
### Hemodynamic Activity in the Motor Cortex Associated with 25 CN-NBOH-Induced Shaking Events  
To analyze the cortical hemodynamics associated with shaking behavior, BvSOs were extracted in 3-s epochs associated with individual shakes (N = 18 events). BvSOs constitute a distinctive feature of the donor signal and reach LFO comparable power (Figure 4a, upper inset). The averaged signal envelope and the averaged spectrograph of the BvSO epoch Fourier transforms revealed that the shaking behavior was preceded by two BvSO summits (Figure 4a,b), with respective power increases of 1.5/1.4-2.3 and 1.97/1.6-2.4-fold from the background (median/IQR), respective peak frequencies at 10.9/10.9-12.5 and 10.9/10.9-12.5 Hz, and precedence to shaking behavior at 0.97/0.89-1.1 s and 0.4/0.3-0.5 s (Figure 4c). The summits could statistically be separated as to their temporal relation (W = \(-\)171, \(p\leq\) 0.01), but not as to power or frequency (W = 55 and \(-\)12, n.s.). Low-Frequency Oscillations (LFO) in the Motor Cortex Associated with 25 CN-NBOH-Induced Shaking Events  
Next, to analyze the oscillatory activity of pyramidal neurons associated with the shaking behavior, event-related epochs (N = 18 events) were extracted from the fluores  
Figure 4: Hemodynamic activity in the motor cortex associated with shaking behavior induced by 25 CN-NBOH. (**a**) BvSO activity in the motor cortex, as averaged for their time Fourier transforms (upper inset; frequency in Hz) and event-envelopes in the time domain, respectively. Mean \(\pm\) SEM. (N = 18 events). (**b**) Mean spectral contour plot of BvSO derived from donor emission. Dashed vertical line denotes time point of peak amplitude of shaking events. Inset shows a mouse brain (dorsal view), red circle denotes the left motor cortex. (**c**) Power increase (–fold background), peak-power frequency (Hz), and temporal precedence (s) of peak 1 and 2 to event, as extracted from the individual spectrograms averaged in (**b**). Median and quartiles, \(\text{\text{\text  
cence signals recorded from pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex and first analyzed for their LFO content. The group-average spectrograph representation of the activity Fourier transform revealed that shaking behavior was embedded in a dominant, bimodal LFO summit (Figure 5a). Its shaking-behavior precedent peak increased by 5.8/3.4-8.2 from the background (BG) (median/IQR), reached its maximum at 1.56/1.56-1.95 Hz, and occurred 0.2/0.1-0.4 s before the motor execution of shaking behavior (Figure 5c). Analyzing the shaking behavior surrounding pixel-variations in the close-up body recording, a similar LFO-like summit could be detected in the motor output of the animals (Figure 5b), with a power of 6.8/4.5-11.6-fold BG, the maximum frequency of 1.6/1.5-1.5 Hz, and shaking behavior precedence 0.12/0.05-0.35 s (Figure 5c). The features of whole-body motor output were statistically inseparable from the activity in the motor cortex (W = 53, \(-\)6, and \(-\)37, each n.s. ), which is also visible in the time domain (Figure 5d). The first peak of the bimodal summit in the motor cortex reflected voltage changes, and the second was hemodynamics (Figure 5e). High-Frequency Oscillations (HFO) in the Motor Cortex Associated with 25 CN-NBOH-Induced Shaking Events  
Then, for the HFO content of the shaking-behavior-specific cortical activity signals, averaged spectrograms showed that shaking behavior was preceded by a spectrally widespread HFO summit in the motor cortex (Figure 6a,d), which in the right motor cortex appeared to merge with the onset of shaking behavior (Figure 6a, lower inset). The summit's power increased by 2.2/1.9-2.7 from the background (BG) and peaked at 37.5/31.2-43.2 Hz (median/IQR). It occurred 0.75/0.6-0.85 s before the motoric execu  
Figure 5: Low-frequency oscillatory (LFO) activity in the motor cortex is associated with shaking events induced by 25 CN-NBOH. (**a**) Mean spectral contour plot of LFO activity in the motor cortex.