## 2 Advanced Oxidation Processes
### PS, PMS, and H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) Oxidation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Pollutant** & **AOP** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **PS/PMS/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)** \\ **Source** \\ \end{tabular} & **Test Conditions** & **Results and Conclusions** & **Reference** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{9}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} MP, EP, PP, \\ BuP, BeP, and \\ p-HBA \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{9}{*}{H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)} & \multirow{9}{*}{H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) (30\%)} & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & Individual parabens & \\  & & & & degradation by UVC of & \\  & & & & 10 -60\% in 120 min, while & \\  & & & & the use of UVA and 0.5 M & \\  & & & & 10 mg/L each paraben & & H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) allowed total \\  & & & & in distilled water. & & parabens removal in 6 min. \\  & & & & UVA and UVC & \\  & & & & radiation. & & \\  & & & & & migration of parabens & \\  & & & & & mixture of 30\% in 2 h (8 h \\  & & & & & for total removal) by & \\  & & & & & UVA/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\), while & \\  & & & & & UVC/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) removes 100\% & \\  & & & & & in 30 min. & \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{EP} & UV/H\({}_{2}\) & H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) (30\%) & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & UVC radiation & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & In 90 min, EP removal was & \\  & O\({}_{2}\)UV/PS & Sodium & & 30 \(\mu\)M of EP and 1 mM & & 97\%, 98.1\%, 81.3\%, and \\  & UV/PMS & persulfatePotassium & & & of oxidizing agent. & 36\% for UV/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\), \\  & & & & & UV/PS, UV/PMS, and UV. & \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{MP} & UV/PS & Sodium persulfate & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & UVC radiation & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & MP removal: 98.9\% for \\  & & & & 32.8 \(\mu\)M of MP and & & UV/persulfate and about \\  & & & & 1 mM of persulfate. & 34\% for UV in 90 min. & \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{PP} & \multirow{9}{*}{UV/PS} & \multirow{9}{*}{Sodium persulfate} & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & PP removal was about 100\%, \\  & & & & & 98\% and 5\% for bottled, \\  & & & & Solar simulator & & ultrapure water, and \\  & & & & & waterwater, in 60 min. \\  & & & & PP solution in ultrapure & \(\bullet\)} & UVA and Solar simulate \\  & & & & water, real effluent, and & \\  & & & & bottled water. & & light led to total PP removal, \\  & & & & & bullet the SPS (dark), \\  & & & & 200 ug/L of PP and & & photolysis, and Vis \\  & & & & & 250 mg/L of SPS & radiation + SPS removed \\  & & & & & about 9\%, 0\%, and 12\%, \\  & & & & & & respectively, in 60 min. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{BuP} & \multirow{9}{*}{PMS oxidation} & Potassium & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & Aqueous solutions and & 0\%, 49\%, 91\%, 96\%, 99\%, \\  & & & & & and 99\% removal were & \\  & & & & & achieved in 180 min for no \\  & & & & & material, mMFS, mMFC-2, \\  & & & & & mMFC-8, mMFC-4, and \\  & & & & mMFC-6, respectively. & \\  & & & & & mMFC-6/PMS removed & \\  & & & & & 73\% and 81\% of BuP for real \\  & & & & & wastewater. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{PP} & \multirow{9}{*}{PS oxidation} & \multirow{9}{*}{Sodium persulfate} & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & For 1 mg/L PP, 500 mg/L & \\  & & & & & catalyst dose, and 20 mg/L & \\  & & & & catalysts (PureC+ & results were: 95\% for \\  & & & & graphene, UltraG+ & PureG+ and UltraG+, 70\% & \\  & & & & graphene, Elicarb & for GO and Elicarb was less \\  & & & & graphene and Graphene & than 10\%, in 20 min. \\  & & & & oxide (GO)) and & \(\bullet\) & SPS alone led to 10\% \\  & & & & sodium persulfate. & removal in 2 h, while \\  & & & & & catalyst led to removals of \\  & & & & & about 10–95\%. & \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{PP} & \multirow{9}{*}{PS oxidation} & \multirow{9}{*}{Sodium persulfate} & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & Iron materials were & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{9}{*}{\(\bullet\)} \\  & & & & used for sodium & & \\  & & & persulfate activation. & & for S1, S2, and S3 catalyst in \\  & & & & & ultrapure water. & \\  & & & & 1 g/L of SPS and & S4 and S5 catalyst. & \\  & & & & 50 mg/L of catalysts. & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}