# An Internet of Things-Based Low-Power Integrated Beekeeping Safety and Conditions Monitoring System
## 2 Related Work on Internet of Things (IoT) Beehive Incident Response and Management Systems
### IoT Beehive Conditions Monitoring Systems
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**System/Device**} & **Theft** & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Methods** \\ **Incidents** \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} **Mammal** \\ **Attack** \\ **Locidents** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Wasp** \\ **Loclays** \\ **Inclents** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Temperature/** \\ **Humidity** \\ **Monitoring** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Environment** \\ **Conditioning** \\ **Monitoring** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Population** \\ **Monitor** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Disease** \\ **Monitor** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Temperature/** \\ **Humidity** \\ **Regulation** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Coorbit** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Deployment** \\ **Cost** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Weight scale \\ capable \\ systems/devices \\ [18–20] \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) & False Triggers & & \begin{tabular}{c} External \\ Piacem \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} False \\ Triggers \\ \end{tabular} & & & MEDIUM & MEDIUM \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}{c} Camera monitoring \\ systems [21, 22] \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\)1 & HIGH & \(\surd\)2 \\ \hline GPS systems [23, 24] & \(\surd\) & False Triggers & & & & & & MEDIUM & HIGH \\ \hline Electric Force & \(\surd\)3 & & & & & & LOW & LOW \\ \hline Amia [26] & \(\surd\) & False Triggers & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & HIGH & HIGH \\ \hline HiveWorld [17] & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & HIGH & HIGH \\ \hline HiveTech [25] & \(\surd\) & False Triggers & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\)4 & HIGH & HIGH \\ \hline BuzzBox [27] & \(\surd\) & False Triggers & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & MEDIUM & MEDIUM \\ \hline IBSMC & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\)5 & \(\surd\)6 & \(\surd\) & LOW7 & MEDIUM \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Energy Footprint: It is classified as LOW (more than 3 months of battery autonomy, MEDIUM 1-2 months and HIGH less than one month, \(\star\)1 internal camera usage is required with image processing algorithms and instance segmentation and detection capabilities, \(\star\)2 MEDIUM, HIGH if Population Monitoring is required, \(\star\)3 Automated confrontation without incident feedback, \(\star\)4 Capability derived from the use of appropriate data mining algorithms, 5 Possible with the installment of triple sound sensor concerned in frequencies of IoHO, 450 Hz and 1200 Hz The sound sensor use is still under experimentation ( The reason for the equation mark attached). In \(\lx@sectionsign\)6 Varros mite destruction with the use of the thermopad actuator, \(\lx@sectionsign\)7 MEDIUM if temperature control actuators active, LOW if humidity actuators active, LOW in all other cases.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Existing Beehive systems and their capabilities. Proposed Integrated Beekeeping Active Management and Conditions Control System (IBSMC) System Architecture  
The proposed system is an integrated automated beekeeping control, management and safety system for the apiary (Integrated Beekeeping active Management and conditions Control System, or IBSMC). The system architecture is illustrated in Figure 1. The proposed system consisting of subsystems are as follows:  
1. For the process of monitoring beehive conditions and security incidents, a new type of automated beehive cell has been implemented on top of Langstroth-type plastic hives. This new type of automated beehives includes the built-in sensors and actuators presented in Figure 2a-c.
2. A central point for data collection of the automated beehives, placed inside the beehive array, is named the central hive (Figure 2d).