## 4 Deploying the Model into Circular Supply Chain--The Case of Circular Supply Chain
### The Cognition Process (Steps 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in the Operational Model)
#### 4.4.3 Simulate and Prediction (Step #4 in the Operational Model)  
Simulation and prediction models mostly provide insights into normal operating conditions. Data-based models can be used to learn from past anomalous situations and recognize new ones while also explaining the reasons to do so. Once an anomalous situation is identified, simulations can be run to predict expected outcomes. Such insights can provide high value to end-users assisting them in decision-making. Visualizations are of utmost importance since they can convey much information regarding future scenarios simply and understandably and providing different insights based on the end-user role. They should provide information regarding typical operational \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**CDT**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Information Receiver**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Autionomy**} \\  & **Processing Factory** & & & & & **LSP Truck** & **(Stakeholder)** & **Autonomy for Decision Making** \\ \hline Processing factory & - & & & & & & Factory & Per case \\ Farmer’s waste & Waste to collect & & Waste to collect/deposit & Waste to collect & Farmer & Per case \\ Waste bin & Waste to collect & & & Availability and location to deposit the waste & Waste to collect & Owner of waste bin & Automatic \\ Warehouse & Waste to collect & & & & Waste to collect & Warehouse owner & Per case \\ Motorhome & & Location and waste availability & & & & Motorhome manufacturer/driver & Per case \\ LSP truck & Waste to forward & & & & & LSP provider/driver & Per case \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: CDTs and inter-relations in the circular value chain. scenarios, how anomalous situations differ, and eventually highlight the top reasons driving those forecasts. Through these visualizations, the user can understand the magnitude of the changes or anomalies observed, expected outcomes, and weight reasons considered by the models to decide if they should be trusted or additional considerations are required. Decisions (Optimization) (Step #5 of the Operational Model)  
In each of the scenarios we have different decisions, which correspond to suggestions by the CDTs:  
* Farmers to get a proposal about which is the optimal way to deposit the waste: either finding the nearest available bin/mobile processing unit or send a request to an LSP because a truck is nearby and is available to pick the waste. * The nearest truck CDT gets a request about a waste to be collected. Given its existing route/collection plan, the CDT gets the request and processing it and decisions can be:  
* The CDT collects the plan with a new optimized delivery plan or  
* The CDT communicates with other truck CDTs and \"negotiate\" the collection from others. * The RV gets a recommendation of the optimal way to deposit the waste: a nearby bin CDT or a truck CDT. * The factory CDT gets optimal recommendations for production scheduling, material handling based on the real-time information and forecasts about the incoming materials. * In a more strategic view, the LSP can organize better the collection points. Those can be for example: deposit bins or mobile processing units where possible) and/or position the network of trucks in specific locations to respond quicker to a particular need. Based on the supply chain behaviour of how waste is collected, how often and from which location, the LSP can assess different scenarios and find an optimal network that can satisfy ad-hoc requests and with the minimum respond time and cost. Actuation (Step #6 in the Operational Model)  
Actuation depends on the level of autonomy defined in the governance model (in the configuration step). We can have the following:  
* Manual actuation from the user (driver, farmer, etc., which means no CDT actuation). * Semi-manual actuation: the CDT gets the approval by the end user about what to do and the CDT performs the action.