# Towards a Real-Time Description of the Ionosphere:
## 5 Validation Results for _fo_F2 Based on Ground-Based Ionosonde Observations
### Statistics on the Full Dataset
Mean_, _RMSE_, and _NRMSE_ values, along with the total number of counts on which the statistics is based, are reported in the upper left box of each plot. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Ionosonde**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Model**} & **Res. Mean** & **RMSE** & **NRMSE** & \multirow{2}{*}{**R**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Counts**} \\  & & **[MHz]** & **[MHz]** & **[\%]** & & \\ \hline Anyang and I-Cheon & IRI & \(-\)0.164 & 0.891 & 14.310 & 0.926 & 201,558 \\ (South Korea) & IRTAM & \(-\)0.104 & 0.656 & 10.514 & 0.961 & 201,558 \\ \hline Ascension Island & IRI & \(-\)0.217 & 1.683 & 21.457 & 0.870 & 264,916 \\ (UK) & IRTAM & 0.289 & 1.352 & 17.240 & 0.933 & 264,916 \\ \hline Athens & IRI & \(-\)0.770 & 1.503 & 30.079 & 0.845 & 313,227 \\ (Greece) & IRTAM & \(-\)0.179 & 0.661 & 13.235 & 0.942 & 313,227 \\ \hline Boa Vista & IRI & 0.364 & 1.634 & 18.484 & 0.868 & 60,295 \\ (Cape Verde) & IRTAM & 0.326 & 1.031 & 11.655 & 0.952 & 60,295 \\ \hline Boulder & IRI & 0.137 & 0.794 & 17.257 & 0.900 & 420,504 \\ (USA) & IRTAM & \(-\)0.013 & 0.564 & 12.255 & 0.949 & 420,504 \\ \hline Cachoeira Paulista & IRI & \(-\)0.193 & 1.416 & 21.012 & 0.895 & \\ (Brazil) & IRTAM & 0.101 & 0.944 & 14.010 & 0.955 & 158,881 \\ \hline Chilton & IRI & 0.111 & 0.851 & 16.945 & 0.914 & 269,815 \\ (U.K.) & IRTAM & 0.037 & 0.641 & 12.765 & 0.951 & 269,815 \\ \hline Dourbes & IRI & 0.272 & 0.781 & 15.842 & 0.912 & 328,740 \\ (Belgium) & IRTAM & 0.097 & 0.488 & 9.907 & 0.965 & 328,740 \\ \hline Dyess AFB & IRI & 0.197 & 0.988 & 18.951 & 0.895 & 142,345 \\ (USA) & IRTAM & \(-\)0.004 & 0.729 & 13.979 & 0.936 & 142,345 \\ \hline Eielson & IRI & 0.200 & 0.741 & 14.212 & 0.878 & 54,960 \\ (USA) & IRTAM & 0.040 & 0.436 & 8.366 & 0.956 & 54,960 \\ \hline El Arenosillo & IRI & \(-\)0.149 & 0.987 & 17.429 & 0.908 & 206,362 \\ (Spain) & IRTAM & \(-\)0.167 & 0.653 & 11.531 & 0.963 & 206,362 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Same as Table 2, but for each of the _f_oF2 datasets relative to the 40 ionosonde stations listed in Table 1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Ionosonde**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Model**} & **Res. Mean** & **RMSE** & **NRMSE** & \multirow{2}{*}{**R**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Counts**} \\  & & **[MHz]** & **[MHz]** & **[\%]** & & \\ \hline June Solstice & IRI & \(-\)0.033 & 0.919 & 17.038 & 0.880 & 2,255,233 \\  & IRTAM & 0.003 & 0.646 & 11.967 & 0.942 & 2,644,252 \\ \hline September Equinox & IRI & \(-\)0.002 & 1.008 & 18.216 & 0.906 & 2,644,252 \\  & IRTAM & 0.000 & 0.665 & 12.008 & 0.959 & 2,523,903 \\ \hline December Solstice & IRI & 0.046 & 1.205 & 19.493 & 0.918 & 2,523,903 \\  & IRTAM & 0.002 & 0.695 & 13.210 & 0.962 & 2,523,903 \\ \hline LSA & IRI & 0.130 & 0.853 & 19.015 & 0.879 & 3,782,579 \\  & IRTAM & \(-\)0.028 & 0.590 & 13.151 & 0.936 & 3,782,579 \\ \hline MSA & IRI & 0.046 & 0.993 & 18.117 & 0.890 & 3,801,672 \\  & IRTAM & 0.007 & 0.665 & 12.135 & 0.953 & 3,801,672 \\ \hline HSA & IRI & \(-\)0.057 & 1.202 & 17.180 & 0.896 & 2,549,736 \\  & IRTAM & 0.050 & 0.792 & 11.327 & 0.957 & 2,549,736 \\ \hline Quiet magnetic activity & IRI & 0.056 & 0.981 & 17.957 & 0.910 & 9,147,468 \\  & IRTAM & 0.006 & 0.655 & 11.995 & 0.960 & 9,147,468 \\ \hline Moderate magnetic activity & IRI & 0.015 & 1.167 & 20.322 & 0.890 & 959,046 \\  & IRTAM & \(-\)0.007 & 0.814 & 14.171 & 0.949 & 959,046 \\ \hline Disturbed magnetic activity & IRI & \(-\)0.065 & 1.682 & 27.107 & 0.826 & 27,473 \\  & IRTAM & \(-\)0.015 & 1.174 & 18.932 & 0.921 & 27,473 \\ \hline Full dataset & IRI & 0.051 & 1.002 & 18.258 & 0.908 & 10,133,987 \\  & IRTAM & 0.005 & 0.674 & 12.270 & 0.959 & 10,133,987 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Ionosonde** & **Model** & **Res.