## 4 Current Regulations for UAS  
The regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in North America limit the altitude of the aircraft to approximately 122 m and the maximum speed to 161 km/h. In addition, they register the vehicle and the certified pilot. It should be noted that the FAA has issued a last-generation regulation that forces the entity in charge of air traffic to include UAVs in the North American aerial space through a transmission system included in ground radars [48], the same as the one that detects large aircrafts [49]. Similarly, the Communications and Transports Secretariat (SCT) of Mexico has a regulation under NOM-107-SCT3-2019 [50] that establishes the requirements for the operation of UAVs on Mexican soil. This document describes UAVs by use in three categories: Micro UAVs, Small UAVs, and Big UAVs. These have two subcategories: recreational and private noncommercial or commercial. Every country has its own regulations as follows: General Directorate of Civil Aeronautics of Guatem has a review called RAC101-UAV regulation [51]. The Nicaraguan Institute of Civil Aviation does not have a formal regulation, but is mentioned in Ley 595 of the rules of civil international aviation [52, 53]. El Salvador published UAV regulations in 2018 by the Civil Aviation Authority, which describe the operating rules, limitations, and classification by use [54]. Furthermore, the Agencia Hodurena de Aeronautica Civil (AHAC) of Honduras determines the rules RAC-02, annex 8, giving a classification of UASs as micro, mini, small, and large. They also classify UASs by commercial, private, and institutional [55], including registration documents for pilots. As in Honduras, Costa Rica has a similar classification with micro, small, light, and large categories and shares the same limitations [56]. Finally, to complete the Central American region, there is Belize, where there is no UAS regulation. Instead, it has a note on the Belize Department of Civil Aviation website [57] that accepts only applications for drone authorization from international drone operators. In the same way, Panama, through its entity called the Civil Aviation Authority, rules the operation of UAS on its territory with the law AAC/DSA/DG/01-16 in 2016 [58]. The classification is similar to that described in the Central American region, with four classes, such as micro, small, light, and heavy. It can also be classified into two kinds of operations: civil and state. Venezuela also has an institution dedicated to UAS regulation called the National Institute of Civil Aviation, with almost the same classification: class 1 (mini), class 2 (light), class 3 (lightweight), and class 4 (heavy). Furthermore, a classification by operation has three possible uses: recreational, private, and commercial [59]. In Ecuador, the institution called the General Directorate of Civil Aviation, under the resolution DGAC-DGAC-2020-0074-R, regulates the operation of UAS in its range, but it is only categorized by commercial activities and only to avoid damage to third parties with insurance [60]. In Latin American countries such as Peru and Chile, the laws on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are not very clear on official government websites. However, both countries require users to register and certify both the pilot and ownership of the UAV in a national database. In Chile, certain official regulations are provided to the general public by the Director General of Civil Aviation [61, 62]. In Peru, official information can be found on the website of the Ministry of Transport and Communications [63] and briefly mentions the registration, accreditation, and overflight permit that the owner or pilot must obtain before flying a UAV according to the law N\({}^{\circ}\) 30740 [64], but does not have a proper classification. Both Uruguay [65] and Paraguay [66] have resolutions that regulate the use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), which are written in a similar manner. They both classify UAVs by weight and talk about which operations can be performed.