## 3 Results and Discussion
Simultaneously, this applies to both heat exchangers and the overall system  
\[I_{\rm xcl}\ =\ I_{\rm xpi}\frac{W_{\rm xcc}}{W_{\rm spec}}\]  
where \(I_{\rm xci}\)--adjusted criterion; \(I_{\rm xpi}\)--the initial value of the criterion; \(W_{\rm xcc}\)--the energy capacity of the cold coolant for the compared system, W/K; \(W_{\rm spec}\)--the energy intensity of the cold coolant for the reference system, W/K. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Designation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Items**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Cooling System Type**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **A** & **B** & **C** & **D** & **E** \\ \cline{3-8}  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Values**} \\ \hline \(\eta_{\rm H}\) & Charge air cooler efficiency & 0.995 & 0.993 & 0.968 & 0.967 & 0.944 \\ \(S_{\rm H}\) & Energy-capacity ratio & 0.225 & 0.30 & 0.389 & 0.374 & 0.403 \\ \(M_{\rm H}\) & Charge air cooler core mass & 178.3 & 194.9 & 137.7 & 157.6 & 115.7 \\ \(I_{\rm xH}\) & Dimensionless criterion for charge air cooler & 1504 & 1.498 & – & – & – \\ \(\eta_{\rm H2}\) & Central cooler efficiency & 0.808 & 0.735 & – & – & – \\ \(S_{w}\) & Energy-capacity ratio & 0.62 & 0.663 & – & – & – \\ \(M_{w}\) & Central cooler core mass & 1011.4 & 756.0 & – & – & – \\ \(I_{\rm xxiw}\) & Dimensionless criterion for central cooler & 1.947 & 1.476 & – & – & – \\ \(\eta_{\rm xxi}\) & Central cooler No. 1 efficiency & – & – & 0.864 & 0.867 & 0.907 \\ \(S_{\rm xx1}\) & Energy-capacity ratio & – & – & 0.153 & 0.159 & 0.119 \\ \(M_{\rm xx1}\) & Central cooler No. 1 core mass & – & – & 153.4 & 165.6 & 151.2 \\ \(\eta_{\rm xxiw2}\) & Central cooler No. 2 efficiency & – & – & 0.851 & 0.965 & 0.806 \\ \(S_{\rm xw2}\) & Energy-capacity ratio & – & – & 0.329 & 0.193 & 0.147 \\ \(M_{\rm xw2}\) & Central cooler No. 2 core mass & – & – & 378.5 & 347.8 & 353.7 \\ \(\eta_{\rm xx3}\) & Central cooler No. 3 efficiency & – & – & 0.547 & – \\ \(S_{\rm xw3}\) & Energy-capacity ratio & – & – & 0.139 & – \\ \(M_{\rm xw3}\) & Central cooler No. 3 core mass & – & – & 48.2 & – \\ \(\eta_{\rm g}\) & Hydraulic fluid cooler efficiency & – & – & 0.555 & 0.717 & 0.43 \\ \(S_{\rm g}\) & Energy-capacity ratio & – & – & 0.268 & 0.157 & 0.549 \\ \(M_{\rm g}\) & Hydraulic fluid cooler core mass & – & – & 38.9 & 39.2 & 25.7 \\ \(\eta_{\rm ac}\) & Oil cooler efficiency & 0.365 & 0.565 & 0.555 & 0.717 & 0.486 \\ \(S_{\rm oc}\) & Energy-capacity ratio & 0.624 & 0.399 & 0.536 & 0.314 & 0.549 \\ \(M_{\rm oc}\) & Oil cooler core mass & 251.7 & 312.7 & 454.7 & 392.0 & 362.5 \\ \(I_{\rm zuc}\) & Dimensionless criterion for oil cooler & 0.52 & 0.617 & – & – & – \\ \(M_{\Sigma}\) & Total mass of cores heat exchangers & 1441.4 & 1263.6 & 1163.2 & 1150.4 & 1008.8 \\ \(I_{\rm xcs}\) & Dimensionless criterion for cooling system & 3.972 & 3.591 & – & – & – \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Main parameters of the cooling systems at the minimum \(M_{\Sigma}\). As \(M_{\Sigma}\) increases in the system, the \(I_{x}\) criterion also increases, and vice versa. Therefore, when designing both systems and heat exchangers, one should aim to minimize the numerical value of the criterion. In this case, all systems will be compared with cooling system type A, considering it as the least favorable among those compared. Type A cooling system is regarded as a reference. Next, a type B cooling system was studied (Figure 7). In this system, the hot ICC flow is extracted from the full-flow circuit for cooling after the fresh water pump (FWP1), before reaching the engine. The ICC then enters the inlet of the second fresh water pump (FWP2), after which it flows into the central cooler, where it is cooled to temperature \(t_{w1}\). Then, it flows to the inlets of the charge air cooler and oil cooler, and after passing through these coolers, the ICC returns to the full-flow circuit. After the coolers, the ICC flows are combined and, at a temperature \(t_{wt}\), they proceed to the inlet of the FWP2 pump.