# Agricultural Residues of Lignocellulosic Materials in Cement Composites
## 3 Results and Discussion
[6] have evaluated fibre cement panels and found values of water absorption of 20.6, 17.4, 16.9, and 17.2 for eucalyptus, coffee husk, banana pseudostem, and coconut shell composite panels, respectively, after 7 days. [PERSON] et al. [46] have found values close to 4.73% for TS in evaluating cement composites with a density of 1.200 g/cm\({}^{3}\). The Bison Wood-Cement Board [40] has established values of 0.8% for TS2 h and values between 1.2% and 1.8% for TS24 h. On the basis of Table 3, the proposed panels are not recommended for use in conditions involving contact with water, which could damage their structure. However, they are suitable for dry applications such as indoor rooms. Beyond the physical properties, the mechanical building properties must be assessed to ensure adequate safety [47]. In this study, we evaluated the mechanical properties of the lignocellulosic panels before and after the accelerated ageing process in the laboratory (Table 4). The results in Table 4 show that the lignocellulosic material affected the mechanical properties of composites. The eucalyptus composites had the best results in CS and IB. Eucalyptus wood panels had significantly higher average values of CS, whereas the other types of panels were lower and statistically equivalent. This finding may be explained by the resistance characteristics of each material. Eucalyptus presents resistance in the compression test [48], and the material has high density (Table 2), which allows for a lower volume of lignocellulosic material in the matrix and consequently, fewer defects due to the fibre/matrix interaction. For the IB, the panels with eucalyptus, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut shell were statistically equivalent and had the highest average values. The lowest value of IB was obtained for panels with banana pseudostem, owing to the greater lengths of the fibres used (Table 2), higher porosity values (Table 3), and the low fibre-to-fibre interaction matrix. The coffee husk panels, despite having the highest density and lowest porosity values, did not present a good fibre/matrix interaction and thus, did not have good internal bonding properties. Sugarcane bagasse panels had the lowest density among the evaluated materials, thus resulting in a greater surface area for covering by cement. Owing to their adequate geometric relationship, sugarcane bagasse panels had an adequate fibre-cement interaction. In general, the lowest values of CS and IB were associated with the low adhesion of matrix fibre in the composite, thus making the panels weak, allowing for easy decoupling of fibres, and favouring crack propagation and fragility of the composite [49; 50]. Moreover, the fibre matrix interaction in cement-based panels was more affected by the geometric and chemical characteristics than by the physical properties of lignocellulosic materials. The statistical analysis indicated different significance (\(p<0.05\)) values for the mechanical properties before and after the accelerated ageing process in the laboratory. Sugarcane bagasse panels showed the highest mean MOR values, differing statistically from the other types of panels. Eucalyptus panels showed the second-best performance in terms of this