## 1 Introduction
In recent years, many researchers have studied the local repair of reinforced concrete structural elements. Studies on building elements with low-quality concrete and inadequate reinforcement have emphasized the importance of reinforcing such structures. Existing reinforced concrete structures usually suffer from low concrete quality and inadequate confinement reinforcement. As these deficiencies lead to insufficient compressive strength and deformability, they, in turn, can cause structural damage and collapse during earthquakes. Concrete members with poor concrete quality or inadequate confinement can be wrapped in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to overcome these problems. In addition to enhancing the compressive strength and deformability of concrete members, these wraps can also provide passive lateral pressure. In a previous study, researchers proposed compressive strength and ultimate axial strain values for FRP-wrapped normal-strength concrete that led to results that were in good agreement with experimental [19] RC columns with poor-quality concrete that were repaired and retrofitted in the study. Further, a real building that was severely damaged by the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake and subsequently demolished was analyzed, along with the results of three tests conducted on two RC columns. Additionally, an innovative application of fiber-reinforced cement composites (FRCCs) for the repair and retrofit of damaged columns was proposed and validated experimentally. Their results revealed that this material is effective in recovering and improving the axial capacity of damaged RC members [20]. Numerous studies have been carried out on damaged columns, beams, and brick walls. The issue of retrofitting is a topic that has come to the fore after several recent earthquakes, with interest in this subject increasing day by day. For example, the Sivrice (Elazig) earthquake, which occurred on 24 January 2020, affected two identical reinforced concrete residential buildings with the same material properties, structural configuration, and geometry and that were standing next to each other. Before the earthquake, however, only one of these two buildings had been strengthened through the addition of a wall. A field survey was conducted after the earthquake to investigate the differences in the seismic damage experienced by both buildings. The infill wall of the reinforced building was found to have a significantly lower deformation demand than the non-reinforced building. While there was no/slight damage to the infill walls in the reinforced building, serious damage was documented in the non-reinforced building due to the partial collapse of its infill walls [21]. Further, [PERSON] [22] studied reinforcement with steel braces in low-rise and mid-rise structures [22]. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. [23] investigated the use of steel braces in frames instead of infill walls [23]. Following the Kahramanmaras earthquakes, a damage assessment was conducted by the ministry in 11 provinces in Turkey. This assessment provided new insights into the causes of the damage inflicted by the earthquake. During the period leading up to the earthquake, it was discovered that various regulations were not adhered to. The primary causes of building damage were identified as poor concrete quality, inadequate workmanship, incorrect reinforcement detailing, and unsuitable construction techniques for earthquakes. Further, an analysis of the earthquake records found that there were errors in project planning and application. Additionally, construction had an impact on building damage since the established regulations had predicted a much stronger earthquake. Newly restored buildings and places of worship suffered significant damage. Surface faulting caused displacements of up to 6.5 m, with surface ruptures spanning almost 290 and 130 km being documented. The affected areas exhibited distinct morpho-tectonic formations, such as stream offsets, ridge offsets, and depression lakes, commonly found in strike-slip fault systems.