## 4 Conclusions  
Our study aims to redefine the necessity of an improved patient monitoring system and develop a simplified and efficient monitoring system for real-world critical care units. The accuracy of the signal from the proposed system will be pre-evaluated through the comparison analysis of the signals with those from the reference devices, and the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed device will be validated in clinical situations. The study will also advance the current ICU setup by exploring how the device can be integrated into a critical care environment to improve patient care and clinical workflow. Because of recent developments and awareness of wearable devices, healthcare service has been revolutionized, especially in the context of cardiovascular diseases. Without invasive procedures, this easily attachable novel device can reliably offer various forms of ECG information with respiratory monitoring or activity tracking, and these can all be integrated with smartphone apps. This can provide early detection and management of arrhythmic events or heart failure aggravation. This device can remotely monitor any patient who needs acute or chronic medical attention. By proving its clinical reliability and ease of use, the proposed device will provide sufficient benefits in a real-world clinical environment, enabling it to perform as a potential solution for critical and post-discharge monitoring while reducing the inconvenience of existing monitoring equipment.  
Y.-M.H.: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, writing original draft, and supervision; J.L.: writing initial draft and validation; and S.-M.P.: methodology, formal analysis, verification, and supervision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the Po-Ca Networking Groups funded by The Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute(PCBMI) (No. 5-2023-B0001-00044). This research was also supported by the Pioneer Research Center Program and National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (grant numbers 2022M3C1A3081294 and 2021M3H4A1A03049084).  
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Catholic University of Korea St. Vincent's Hospital (Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institutional Review Board No. VC22 OISI0030) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.  
Only patients who provide informed consent will be included in the study.  
Due to the sensitive nature of the data, information created during and analyzed during the current study is available from the corresponding author ([PERSON]-[PERSON], [EMAIL_ADDRESS]) upon reasonable request to bona fide researchers. After publishing, the study protocol will be opened to the public with full accessibility.  
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the study's design, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.