## 2 Temporal Characteristics of Near-Surface Atmospheric Electrostatic Abnormalities before an EQ
A list of 23 inland EQs with their shock times, epicentral locations, magnitudes, weather conditions, precursor starting times and precursor durations is presented in Table 1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Date** & **Epicenter** & **Magnitude** & **Depth** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Advance** \\ **Time** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **VEF** \\ **Depth** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **VEF** \\ **Duration** \\ \end{tabular} & **Weather** & **Citation** \\ \hline
**(yyyy/mm/dd)** & & **(M)** & **(km)** & **(h)** & **(–kV/m)** & **(h)** & & \\ \hline
1976/08/23 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Sichuan–Gansu border \\ region, China \\ \end{tabular} & 7.2 & 23 & 23 & 17 & 26.5 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2000) [5] \\ [PERSON] and \\ [PERSON] \\ (1995) [17] \\ \end{tabular} \\
1986/8/30 & \begin{tabular}{c} Romania \\ \end{tabular} & 7.2 & 132.3 & 18.5 & 0.28 & 2 & Fair & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (1995) [17] \\ \end{tabular} \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} Off the east coast of the \\ Kamchatka Peninsula, \\ Russia \\ \end{tabular} & 6.4 & 45.2 & 9.5 & 0.4 & 1 & Fair & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (1992) [18] \\ \end{tabular} \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} Near the east coast of \\ the Kamchatka Peninsula, \\ Peninsula, Russia \\ \end{tabular} & 4.4 & 33 & 19 & 0.8 & 1.7 & Fair & \begin{tabular}{c} Smirnov \\ (2019) [19] \\ \end{tabular} \\  & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Off the east coast of the \\ Russia \\ \end{tabular} & 5 & 55.4 & 26 & 0.3 & 8 & Fair &
1999/9/9 & \begin{tabular}{c} Kuril Islands \\ \end{tabular} & 5.5 & 33 & 27 & 0.3 & 7 & Fair & \begin{tabular}{c} Smirnov \\ (2017) [20] \\ \end{tabular} \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} Off the east coast of the \\ Kamchatka Peninsula, \\ Russia \\ \end{tabular} & 6 & 60 & 29.5 & 0.7 & 5 & Fair & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2003) [22] \\ \end{tabular} \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} Off the east coast of the \\ Romanian \\ \end{tabular} & 5.3 & 44.4 & 2.5 & 0.4 & 1.1 & Fair & \begin{tabular}{c} Smirnov \\ (199) \\ \end{tabular} \\  & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Off the east coast of the \\ Romanian \\ \end{tabular} & 6.2 & 102.4 & 34 & 0.3 & 3 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2006) [23] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2008/5/12 & Eastern Sichuan, China & 7.9 & 19 & 7 & 2.75 & 7 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2021b) [15] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2009/7/26 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Andaman Islands, \\ India region \\ \end{tabular} & 5.2 & 10 & 8.3 & 0.714 & 1 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2013) [4] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2009/12/12 & Maharashtra, India & 5 & 10 & 5.3 & 0.548 & 0.9 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2013) [4] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2009/12/13 & India & 5.1 & 10 & 11.3 & 0.633 & 0.9 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2013) [4] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2010/5/1 & Andaman Islands, India region & 4.6 & 12 & 10.1 & 0.834 & 0.9 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2013) [4] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2010/9/10 & Meghalaya, India region & 4.8 & 15 & 11.3 & 0.804 & 1.2 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2013) [4] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2010/12/12 & India & 4.8 & 15 & 6.1 & 0.457 & 1.1 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2013) [4] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2011/2/12 & India & 4 & 10 & 7.7 & 0.515 & 0.9 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2013) [4] \\ \end{tabular} \\
2012/4/24 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nicobar Islands, India \\ region \\ \end{tabular} & 5.5 & 10 & 12.3 & 0.684 & 1 & Fair &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2013) [4] \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Inland EQs reported in the literature. Table 1 shows the details of the inland EQs that are recorded in the literature, including the three key elements of the EQs (shock time, epicentral location and magnitude) and characteristics of the electrostatic field.