## 1 Introduction  
The Digital Video Broadcasting--Terrestrial, second generation (DVB-T2) standard constitutes the evolved version of Digital Video Broadcasting--Terrestrial, first generation (DVB-T) that meets the ever-growing demand of high-definition television (HDTV), ultrahigh-definition television (UHDTV), and mobile TV services. This standard has been adopted or deployed by most European and African countries. In particular as African countries took their time to migrate from analog to digital, going directly to the DVB-T2 system presents many advantages that were not considered in DVB-T. The DVB-T2 system includes the use of mobile reception services, the use of advanced channel coding techniques, and source coding methods, and the use of the concept of \"Multiple Physical Layer Pipes\" for data transmission [1]. All these DVB-T2 system advantages motivated researchers to have a significant interest into DVB-T2 system-related topics since its standardization in 2009 [2]. The multicarrier modulation technique defined in DVB-T2 is OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) that presents many benefits such as the reduction in the impact of Intersymbol Interference (ISI) and the increase in spectral efficiency in comparison with Single Carrier Modulation (SCM). However, it suffers from some drawbacks like synchronization problems and the reduction in spectral efficiency due to the insertion of a cyclic prefix (CP). These synchronization problems are accentuated by the presence of a carrier frequency offset (CFO) on the DVB-T2 signal at the receiver side. The CFO is defined as the frequency offset induced by the mobility of the receiver or by the frequency offset of the local oscillator. To estimate the CFO in a DVB-T2 system, P1 symbols are inserted at the beginning of each physical layer frames. A P1 symbol consists of three sections: the central section is generated by an inverse Fourier transform of a sequence of OFDM symbols, and the other two sections, added before and after the central one, respectively, are frequency-shifted repetitions of some samples of the central section and are viewed as guard intervals [3,4]. The central section is a 1K OFDM symbol that contains some basic Transmission Parameters Signaling (TPS) such as the FFT size and the Single-Input Single-Output (SISO)/Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) mode [3]. Therefore, it cannot be considered as a training sequence since the signaling symbols used are a priori not known [4]. More accurate estimation methods have been proposed in the scientific literature during these last decades to increase the performance of the classical CFO estimator used in DVB-T2 [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. The authors of [3] proposed an iterative double-detection CFO compensation technique and an ICI cancellation technique to deal with the double-phase errors encountered in the DVB-T2 environment's Single-Frequency Network (SFN) with the use case of the Multiple-Input Signal-Output (MISO) technique. In [4], the authors investigated on a robust timing and frequency synchronization method. A new P1 symbol with repetition and symmetrical conjugate correlation between the main part and the two guard intervals was proposed for DVB-T2 to improve the initial synchronization performance using the conventional P1 symbol. The authors of [5] presented a new subspace-based CFO estimator in OFDM that exploited both the dispersed and continuous pilots commonly used in mobile TV systems such as Digital Video Broadcasting--Handheld (DVB-H). This estimator was developed to cope with the high mobility, time slicing, and potential handovers during receiver deactivation time and was tested in a typical urban scenario. The authors of [6] proposed a modified version of the classic DVB-T2 estimator based on the characteristics of the P1 symbol. The performance of this new estimator was better than that of DVB-T2 in a practical channel environment.