# Game-Theory-Based Multimode Routing Protocol for Internet of Things
## 3 Proposed Mechanism
### Architecture and Functions of Smart Nodes
#### 3.4.2 Algorithms
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Simulation Parameters**} \\ \hline Size of Network & 1000 m \(\times\) 1000 m \\ Type of Channel & WirelessChannel \\ Ifq Max packets & 50 \\ Type of Network interface & WirelessPhy/Phy \\ Type of MAC & Mac/802\_11 \\ Max energy & 100 J \\ Power—Tx & 0.9 W \\ Power—Rx & 0.7 W \\ Power—Idle & 0.6 W \\ Power—Sleep & 0.1 W \\ Type of traffic & CBR \\ Size of packets & 500 \\ Duration of simulation & 100 s \\ Reading times & 10, 20, 40, 100 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Common parameters for all the simulations. In scenario 1, where there are two classes of nodes coupled together but not overlapped in the area, Figure 9 displays the simulation results for frequent communication instances. Only DSDV nodes can communicate with each other. AODV nodes, on the other hand, only communicate with AODV. Values with and without smart nodes are shown in the graph. When it comes to common communication, smart nodes have a much smaller part in the network. The smart nodes would have formed part of either DSDV or AODV classes of nodes because there is no cross connectivity. If a smart node has the same number of DSDV and AODV neighbors, the reactive protocol will be used until the threshold energy level i.e., \(\beta\) is reached. The results reveal that the performance of such a network is almost unaffected by the presence of smart nodes. In the next experiment, the network was assumed to have two source nodes from DSDV class and two destination nodes from AODV destinations nodes for unusual communication. The routing protocols used by the sources and destinations were different. Because such communication is impossible without the smart nodes, the results for \"Without Smart Nodes\" cannot be calculated because there are no outputs. Only the energies of nodes are reported. Without the usage of smart nodes, the results show that this form of communication is not possible in general. The values for all QoS measures were recorded when the proposed smart nodes were used, as shown in Figure 10. It is worth noting, however, that the amount of remaining energy in the absence of smart nodes is significantly higher. This is because the network nodes cannot establish paths, thus there is no energy spent on routing and data communication. ### Case 2: Heterogeneous Nodes Are Not Placed Distinctly

In the previous section, we discussed this case. In this scenario, we have a network with three classes of nodes: DSDV, AODV, and smart nodes. All these nodes were randomly deployed in the same area. These nodes have positions that overlap in a certain area. The simulation's NS2 screenshot is shown in Figure 11. The scenario includes 35 DSDV, 35 AODV, and 30 smart nodes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Parameters of Nodes**} \\ \hline Nodes Type & DSDV & AODV & Smart \\ Color of nodes & Blue & Green & Red \\ Number of Nodes & 49 & 49 & 02 \\  & (0–48) & (49–97) & (98,99) \\ Common-Case Source nodes & 0, 1 & 49, 50 & - \\ Common-Case Destination node & 48 & 97 & - \\ Unusual-Case Source nodes & 0, 1 & - & - \\ Unusual-Case Destination Node & - & 96, 97 & - \\ Locations & Random with & Random with & 97 at 500, 350 \\  & \(x\)-axis \(<\) 500 & 500 \(<x\)-axis \(<\) 1000 & 98 at 500, 700 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Case 1: Parameters for classes of nodes. Figure 10: _Cont._

Figure 9: Case 1: Type of common communication. The simulation parameters for this experiment are given in Table 10.

Figure 11: Case scenario 2: NS2 NetAnim Screenshot. Figure 10: Case 1: Uncommon communication type. Figure 12 shows the simulation results for Case Scenario 2. Except for energy usage, the network with smart nodes produces significantly better results in all performance parameters. For the smart node-based network, the results for residual energy at various time pauses are virtually identical or slightly better. In the absence of a smart node network, we kept the smart nodes dormant for the simulation.