## 1 Introduction
Carbon neutrality (CN) involves achieving a balance between carbon emissions and carbon absorption, with the goal of reaching net-zero emissions by using carbon sink mechanisms to absorb atmospheric carbon. Specifically, the process of removing CO\({}_{2}\) from the atmosphere and storing it long-term is known as carbon sequestration. To achieve global net-zero emissions, all greenhouse gas emissions must be offset through carbon sequestration and similar methods to mitigate the impacts of climate change [25]. CN refers to reducing or offsetting carbon emissions to bring net carbon emissions to zero as a means of combating climate change and reducing the release of greenhouse gases [26; 27; 28]. In summary, this study categorizes prominent landscape elements in urban parks into three groups: Softscape (tree cover and green space), Waterbody, and Hardscape (paving, buildings, pavilions, and trellises). These landscape component ratios, referred to as the LEP, will be determined later in the study. Monitoring changes in NDVI allows us to assess plant cover conditions. Employing RI, we will evaluate park resilience and estimate CN potential by assessing carbon sequestration capability. Previous studies can be classified into four main categories: assessing green spaces' carbon footprint in parks for carbon neutrality, relevant calculation tools and formulas, strategies to enhance parks' carbon neutrality through design, and the proportion of green spaces, plantings, and water bodies. The first category encompasses research on the carbon footprint of landscape design, including nursery trees [29], school campuses [30], community landscapes [31], and landscape engineering perspectives [32]. Some studies quantify carbon footprints and evaluate reduction effects. The second category focuses on calculation tools and formulas, such as those for tree carbon uptake, urban green space carbon storage [33], and life cycle carbon footprints [32]. The third category offers strategies for improvement and design, suggesting native plant selection, enhancing three-dimensional greenery, planning rational plant configurations, and reducing construction emissions [34; 35; 36]. Lastly, the fourth category examines the ratio of park green space,plantings, and water bodies. For instance, Tainan City's building coverage rate is 12% to 15% [37], and water bodies range from 0% to 52.3% with at least 30% green coverage [38]. Unfortunately, Taichung City has not yet issued specific policies or regulations regarding the proportions of green spaces, vegetation, and water bodies in parks. In the future, this study can only reference relevant policies from other cities in Taiwan as a guide for park design and improvement. Scholars generally employ life cycle assessment for urban park carbon footprint analysis and offer design solutions, with some proposing landscape element proportions. Thus, additional research should explore other attributes of carbon-neutral parks. This study finds that the five stages proposed by scholar [PERSON] offer greater feasibility and comprehensiveness in the research on park carbon footprints [6]. Notably, it encompasses routine park maintenance and restoration, enhancing the analysis of urban park carbon footprints. [PERSON]'s research yielded the publication of \"Carbon Footprint of the Construction Industry--Carbon Management Strategies for Architecture, Landscape, and Interior Decoration\" [24]. This book outlines calculation methods, project carbon emission coefficients, and carbon reduction advantages in total carbon footprints and carbon neutrality for landscing projects. It elucidates the benefits of carbon reduction in achieving carbon neutrality and offers insights into quantifying carbon footprints in landscing projects. In contrast to other studies, this research evaluates urban park carbon footprints, NDVI, and resilience. Extensive scholarly research has previously been conducted on carbon sequestration in urban parks.