## 2 Background and Methods
### The Questionnaire
#### 2.7.2 Our Online Questionnaire  
In view of the guidelines for questionnaire design, we designed the survey to reach as many people as possible in the three different countries. The same questions were asked in order to make the results comparable between countries. The questions were translated in such a way to capture the identical meaning of each question. Google Forms was used because most people have familiarity with this online platform. Figure 2 shows how the questionnaire was structured.  
Three separate \"tiles\" were created for the questionnaire. General questions were asked on the first sheet. There was only one criterion to take the quiz: the respondent needed to be a driver. This section asked a total of 17 questions, about half of which concerned their background (age, gender, education, etc.), while the other half were about driving habits (e.g., how often they drive in certain circumstances, how many kilometers per year they drive). Predefined answers were given to most of these questions. We asked about the presence or use of a built-in GPS in the last two questions.  
Those who answered \"NO\" to a question about the use of an in-car navigation system were simply asked why they do not use it. This was followed by a question to determine whether they use any other navigation application, and whether they still use the built-in system. These individuals may have had a built-in navigation system but chose not to use it. For this reason, the questions and answers on the \"NO\" path had to be constructed in such a way that the respondent could find an appropriate option.  
The \"YES\" usage path consisted of 50 questions divided into three parts (see [[https://mercator.elte.hu/~vorosfanni/navigation.html](https://mercator.elte.hu/~vorosfanni/navigation.html)]([https://mercator.elte.hu/~vorosfanni/navigation.html](https://mercator.elte.hu/~vorosfanni/navigation.html)), accessed on 20 February 2022). The first 16 questions were general, asking for information about the system itself and the user's relationship with it (e.g., what view they use while driving, and whether they take advantage of the ability to update the internal database for an added cost). For questions using a Likert-type scale [50], we tried to avoid the \"neutral points\" by using even-numbered options. We asked two questions about what they like and what they view as lacking in their navigation system. In part two, consisting of 12 questions, we asked more detailed questions. Several questions concerned frequently visited addresses and the use of GPS while driving. These questions were followed by optional questions. We did not want anyone to reach this point in the questionnaire and not submit it. These questions asked what the driver currently sees in the \"map\" view of his GPS and what they wanted to see. A series of options were provided but the respondent could also provide their own answer. Altogether, 1557 replies were received from the three countries. It was found that a large percentage of respondents did not use a built-in navigation system. Table 1 shows a summary of respondents who did.  
Figure 2: Structure of the online questionnaire.