## 1 Introduction
Consequently, there now exists a significant gap between the practical implementation of complex heterogeneous materials and the level of knowledge concerning the properties of such materials under intense dynamic loads. The development of additive manufacturing technologies for the production of structural elements stimulates new approaches to designing materials and products [9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. One of the current challenges at the intersection of mechanics, materials science, and physics is the development of methods and approaches for designing products with a certain material structure that provides the required functional and structural properties. In mechanical engineering, there is a task to increase the strength and damping properties of metals, which often contradict each other. Additively manufactured interpenetrating composites are a new type of \"metal-metal\" composites for use in high-energy absorption systems. In this system, the matrix phase--a liquid metal with a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of the lattice--is poured into the reinforcing phase with a continuous lattice configuration made additively. The result is a periodically interpenetrating composite in which each component forms a continuous network. Studies of such materials show that the boundary between the reinforcing and matrix phases can demonstrate significantly different mechanical properties of the composite, which allows for the dissipation of the impact energy. For example, ref. [14] proposed a method for creating an Mg-NiTi composite with a bicontinuous architecture of an interpenetrating heterogeneous medium. For this, a magnesium melt is infiltrated into a three-dimensionally printed nitinol frame, which allows for the creation of a composite with a unique combination of mechanical properties: increased strength at various temperatures, remarkable damage resistance, good damping ability at various amplitudes, and exceptional energy absorption efficiency. After deformation, the shape and strength of the composite can be restored by thermal treatment. Our scientific interest was sparked by an experiment studying the response of a heterogeneous medium with an adapted interpenetrating mesostructure. This mesostructure was fabricated using the hybrid additive technology known as PrintCast [15; 16; 17]. The experiment focused on investigating the impact loads that arise during high-velocity interactions, which can be utilized as one of the spacecraft protection options [18]. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the composite made of stainless steel 316L and aluminum alloy A356 using PrintCast technology is more resistant to delamination than monolithic screens made of the same materials. The studies have shown that the metal matrix composite with an adapted interpenetrating mesostructure is a promising system for spacecraft protection in cases where size limitations prevent the use of traditional protection methods. The heterogeneous mesostructure of this composite leads to a significant attenuation of the shock wave by multiple scattering at the interfaces of dissimilar materials and prevents macroscopic spall [19]. In work [20], the mechanical properties of PrintCast composites and their dependence on the volume fraction of reinforcement with steel 316L were studied. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on A356/316L PrintCast composites containing 30%, 40%, and 50% reinforcement. An increase in ductility by 200% and absorbed energy by 400% was observed when the volume fraction of reinforcement increased from 30% to 40%. However, with an increase in reinforcement from 40% to 50%, a much smaller increase in these parameters was observed. The sample with a volume fraction of 30% failed due to localized deformation in a single area after the onset of failure, unlike the samples with volume fractions of 40% and 50%, where the failure occurred due to non-localized damage throughout the cross-section of the sample.