# Using IoT for Cistern and Water Tank Level Monitoring
## 3 Monitoring of Water Architecture
### Brief System Description
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Citeeria** & **Existing Solutions** & **References** & **Proposed System** \\ \hline Accuracy & Most existing systems use ultrasonic or embedded sensors to monitor water levels, with accuracies suitable for domestic applications. & [PERSON] et al. focused on improving water use efficiency and accuracy [1]. [PERSON] and [PERSON]; monitoring system connecting sensors [2]. [PERSON] et al. water level monitoring system using ultrasonic sensors to reduce water usage with accuracy [7]. & Our system uses ultrasonic sensors for almost instantaneous monitoring, similar to other studies. This proposal does not improve accuracy but adds new monitoring parameters, such as water quality, which provides a complete view of the domestic water system. \\ \hline Energy efficiency & Rangeberry Pi and reducing the use of pumps. These works use communication protocols such as HTTP, LoraWAN, and MQTT. & [PERSON] et al.: Baspberry Pi-based water flow control system to minimize energy consumption [10]. [PERSON] et al.: We use MQTT to reduce energy consumption by optimizing communications and data collection water-dispersion system that optimizes energy consumption [9]. [PERSON] et al.: compromised by reducing communication between producing communication overheads while networking, optimizing energy consumption [11]. & We use MQTT to reduce energy consumption by optimizing communications and data collection process. MQTT is a lightweight communication protocol that improves power consumption by reducing communication overhead and facilitating efficient data transmission in low-power networks. \\ \hline Cost-benefit ratio & Some studies focus on low-cost solutions for rural or urban areas, such as wireless sensor networks. & [PERSON] and [PERSON] used WSN as a low-cost solution for leak and sinkhole detection [4]. [PERSON] et al. used a low-cost sensor network for real-time communication detection in drinking water [14]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a water consumption monitoring system that measures consumption by sending data to the cloud [15]. \\ \hline Scalability & Current solutions vary in their ability to scale to larger networks (e.g., wireless sensor networks in rural environments). & [PERSON] et al.: integrating an online information platform for scalability [16]. & Our system is easily scalable due to its use of standard components and integration with widely available IoT technologies. This allows for deployment in both individual homes and neighborhoods. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison between existing solutions and proposed system. After describing the traditional usage of water tanks, cisterns, and water pumps, we propose to monitor the drinking water level of a cistern and publish its status on the Internet. Furthermore, we propose to measure and publish on the Internet the cistern's water level to decide on time how to save the maximum amount of water; measure and publish on the Internet the water pressure of the pipe that supplies liquid to the cistern; measure and publish on the Internet the water quality provided by the municipal drinking water; measure the water quality to determine whether the tap water brings in a lot of waste or other materials; provide information to make appropriate decisions regarding the sensed variables (water level, water flow, and water quality); and save drinking water as much as possible.