## 2 Definitions and Vehicle Categories  
Originally, low-speed vehicles emerged as golf carts for transportation purposes, but today, a variety of applications have appeared as a result of their versatility and ease of use. Thus, these carts are also requested for maintenance, landscaping, and even security and medical services as short-range transportation within hospital campuses. Notice that although golf carts may seem harmless, it is important to realize that this type of transportation can be very dangerous when used improperly and without caution or expert supervision. It is important to remark that a golf cart is understood as a motor vehicle that is intended for use primarily on golf courses or on roadways where the access and use of other motor vehicles is controlled. Moreover, these cars [4]:  
* Have an electric motor or internal combustion engine that is:
* Incapable of propelling the vehicle at a rate of speed of 32 km per hour or greater on a level surface or;
* Speed-modified to prevent the vehicle from attaining a rate of speed of 32 km/h or greater on a level surface. A golf car or golf cart (GC) (Strictly speaking, cars are self-impelled, but carts are not. Some times, there is an abuse in denomination, and both terms are considered as synonyms, although they should not [5].) is a generic denomination for many types of vehicles. Technically, golf carts are vehicles that are specifically used on golf courses and reach top speeds of less than 24 km/h (15 mph). However, if a vehicle can develop speeds between 24 km/h and 32 km/h (15 mph and 20 mph, respectively), the car is considered as a personal transportation vehicle (PTV). There is a third type of car, and it is referred to as a low-speed vehicle (LSV). An LSV is a street-legal, four-wheeled electric vehicle with a top speed of 25 mph (40 km/h) and a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 3000 lb (1360 kg). In the US, most states allow LSVs to drive on roads marked 35 mph or less, but there may exist variations [6; 7]. They are designed for local trips in areas such as planned communities, resorts, school campuses, etc. In the U.S., these motor vehicles are regulated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [7; 8]. These transport vehicles can be operated with gasoline or electricity, and although they can be driven on public roads, GCs and PTVs are not classified as motor vehicles according to federal law (in the U.S. and Canada). In spite of variations in the law, a GC is intended for golf courses in agreement with ANSI Z130.1; PTVs are intended for designated roadways in line with ANSI Z135, and LSV are for public roads (FMVSS 500) [8]. In the U.S., most states allow GCs and LSVs to operate on roadways with a maximum speed limit of 56 km/h or 35 mph. However, in contrast, Texas and Alaska allow in certain places up to 71 km/h (45 mph). In Table 1, a short comparison between GCs and LSVs is shown. PTVs and other types of these vehicles were excluded for simplicity. As a result of variations in the law and depending on the U.S. state regulation, safety features such as seat belts, mirrors, tail lamps, etc., are subject only to state or local safety equipment requirements [7]. Although golf carts are allowed on streets and highways with posted speed limits, this study focused on transportation for medical purposes or vehicles for the elderly within the circuits of a hospital campus. In spite of some differences found in the literature, Table 1 is offered here to contrast the main issues between GCs and LSVs [4; 6; 7; 8; 9]. In addition, most states require a valid driver's license and insurance for all GCs and LSVs on public roads. For instance, Florida does not require a golf cart operator to hold a driver's license, but they may require a minimum age (typically 16) for legal operation of a GC on public roads. European regulations on GC vehicles vary as well. For instance, in [10], it was specified that all GC vehicles should now be approved at the European level.