###### Abstract
Nowadays, an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) is a great choice for vehicular companies to use in vehicles to perform essential safety features while driving, such as automatic braking, the provision of blind-spot information, collision detection, lane warning, steering support, cruise control, and others; in addition, autonomous vehicular technology (AVT) brings the ADAS to the next level, where no physical drivers are operating the vehicles [29; 30]. Essentially, for vehicle identification and location tracking, the usage of RFID tags and sensors, including GPS sensors, has always been of great importance to identifying real vehicles and tracking their locations. The collective information is usually shared with security agencies, such as traffic police and insurance companies, to identify the vehicle and its location in case, for example, the vehicle is stolen. In short, all over the world, sensing technology and its numerous applications have been employed in vehicles for various purposes. Sensors are used in vehicles and are networked to deliver collected information back to the cloud, or other vehicular-based backend servers. However, building and managing such a crowded vehicular or transportation system (for example, a large-scale IoT-enabled SP system) through a centric platform such as the cloud is not a long-term effective solution to address the limitations of computation, storage, and cybersecurity [21; 22; 23; 24]. For that, the introduction of the emerging fog and blockchain technologies can be an inclusive solution to overcoming the challenges of IoT-cloud-centric platforms to build smart transportation and to manage its current and future demands (for example, SP systems) [1; 21]. This study provides inspiration for building and managing future SP systems, and specifically for accommodating AVs searching for parking, both indoors and outdoors, in metropolitan areas. For this, the proposed SAVP system employs fog computing and  
Figure 1: Modern Vehicular Technologies. a lightweight integrated blockchain and cryptography (LIBC) module as add-ons to the existing IoT-cloud platform, thereby enabling a scalable SP system. The SAVP system is not only just a solution to designing and modeling a scalable SP system, but it is also a solution that pays careful attention to leveraging the optimal performances, and mainly in terms of computational latency reduction, an improved query-response time, location awareness, and self-checking security and privacy. The supportive location-awareness solution of the SAVP system can track AVs where the GPS is not operational (for example, in the case of indoor parking). The main objectives of this study that actively contributed to building and managing an effective and well-performing SAVP system are as follows:  
1. The design of a network-friendly architecture, in which fog and blockchain technologies are employed in the existing IoT-cloud platform to fulfill the requirements of the proposed system;
2. The management of traffic in a distributive IoT-cloud platform, where a number of parking slots are functional with RFID readers of the active type, and a fog node is employed in each parking station. A fog node is an intermediate controller to manage overall parking operations, such as massive transactions from edge nodes, the LIBC security module, the blockchain module, etc;
3. To speed up the acquisition at each fog node, the LIBC module uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit and SHA-256-bit algorithms to perform the security checks, such as the authentication and verification of the AV;
4. To ensure QoS at each stage of the SAVP system, four communication scenarios were defined: edge-to-fog, fog-to-cloud, fog-to-fog, and cloud-to-cloud, where every carried transaction is recorded onto the blockchain. To manage privacy, each node has an anonymous identity for communication;
5. To demonstrate the existence of the study, a proof-of-concept implementation was conducted, and a theoretical analysis was performed to evaluate the strength of the SAVP system.