During the downward drilling, the cable is slowly output from the  
Figure 1: **(a)** Schematic diagram of spiders’ behavior of ascending and descending through spinning and reeling silk; **(b)** Schematic diagram of RECAS sonde’s automatic process of drilling downward and climbing upward (modified from [PERSON] and others [14]). sonde, whereas the lower melting tip melts ice below the sonde. Meanwhile, molten water in the borehole above the sonde gradually refreezes because of the low surrounding ice temperature, effective borehole closure, and isolation of the sonde from external conditions. Once the sonde reached the subglacial lake and completed water sampling and detection, it returned to the surface by reeling into the cable. At this stage, the upper drill bit will be powered on and take over the ice-melting task. By adopting this drilling and sampling approach, contamination of the subglacial lake by exogenous surface substances can be effectively avoided, ensuring clean in-situ measurements of physical and chemical parameters during the subglacial lake water sampling process. The RECAS sonde exhibits several advantageous characteristics, including its lightweight design, low power consumption, and minimal external pollution. As a result, it holds promise for prospective use in the identification and examination of polar subglacial lakes and subglacial oceans on Mars, as well as ice-cold satellites [15]. In 2016, the American company Stone Aerospace initiated the Sub-glacial Polar Ice Navigation, Descent, and Lake Exploration (SPINDLE) project, which aimed to develop an autonomous two-stage probe comprising a robotic ice-penetrating carrier vehicle called the \"Cryobot\" and a marsupial hovering autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) [16; 17]. The Cryobot probe was designed to descend through an ice body into a sub-ice aqueous environment and deploy an AUV for reconnaissance, life search, and sample collection operations. After completing the mission, the AUV returns to the Cryobot and autonomously docks with it, allowing for subsequent data uplinking and retrieval of the samples to the surface. Similarly, in 2018, the Technologies for Rapid Ice Penetration and Subglacial Lake Exploration (TRIPLE) projects were initiated by the German Space Agency at DRL. This project aims to develop a melting probe capable of deploying small autonomous submarines, referred to as TRIPLE nanoAUVs, into Europe's subglacial ocean [18]. After penetrating several kilometers of ice, the probe can anchor itself to the ice-water interface and release the AUV into the water for detection and sampling purposes. The collected samples were later analyzed by a small astrobiology laboratory located on the surface. In 2023, the TRIPLE-IceCraft melting probe was tested on the Ekstrom Ice Shelf in Antarctica [19], although the results have not yet been published. To advance scientific and technological progress related to Antarctic subglacial lakes, the Environmentally Friendly Sampling and Observation System of Antarctic Subglacial Lake (EFSOS) project was initiated in 2016, with the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. The primary objective of the project was to develop a RECAS prototype, as proposed by [PERSON] [14], capable of drilling to a depth of 2500 m, enabling the in-situ measurement of physical and chemical parameters and collection of lake water samples of not less than 200 mL [20]. The conceptual design of the EFSOS is illustrated in Figure 2.  
The RECAS sonde was designed to achieve a targeted penetration rate of around 1.5-2 m/h, implying a drilling duration of approximately 104-138 days for a 2500 m thick ice sheet. However, the short polar summer season made it challenging to maintain personnel on-site throughout the drilling. To solve this, a Remote Control and Uninterrupted Power Supply system (RCUPS) was developed to facilitate unattended operations. The RCUPS incorporates automatic generator rotation, automatic fuel filling, and self-regulated oil maintenance functions.