## 4 Results
### Predicted Deformations During Dam Construction with Dam Elevation Below 330 m  
This is the construction period before April 2005. The observed settlements near the center of the dam (SV01-1-7, SV01-1-8) developed faster during construction than near the upstream face (SV01-1-4, SV01-1-5). By April 2005, the maximum settlements observed in the 3B area, between SV01-1-4 and SV01-1-7, were lower than in the 3C area--defined by points SV01-1-08 and SV01-1-9. The predicted settlements matched well with the observed settlements for the points between SV01-1-6 and SV01-1-9 and are slightly higher than those observed near the upstream face--points SV01-1-4 and SV01-1-5. By April 2005, the dam reached an elevation of 330 m, and the reservoir water level was 235 m.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Unit of Measure** & **3B** & **3C** & **3D** \\ \hline \(\sigma_{c}\) & MPa & 87 & 85 & 87 \\ \(d_{50}\) & mm & 100 & 200 & 300 \\ \(n_{0}\) & \(\%\) & 20.0 & 20.0 & 20.0 \\ \(E_{ref,n_{0}}^{M}\) & MPa & 110 & 85 & 110 \\ \(K_{ref,n_{0}}^{M}\) & MPa & 60 & 40 & 60 \\ \(n_{1}\) & - & 0.35 & 0.25 & 0.35 \\ \(n_{2}\) & - & 0.10 & 0.05 & 0.10 \\ \(d_{c}\) & - & 0.0030 & 0.0030 & 0.0030 \\ \(\alpha\) & d\({}^{-1}\) & 0.0090 & 0.0090 & 0.0090 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Rockfill parameters from laboratory test for SBY CFRD.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Unit of Measure** & **3B** & **3C** & **3D** \\ \hline \(n\) & \(\%\) & 19.6 & 20.7 & 20.7 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Target porosity for SBY CFRD according to field tests.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Unit of Measure** & **3B** & **3C** & **3D** \\ \hline \(\rho\) & kg/m\({}^{3}\) & 2300 & 2300 & 2300 \\ \(\varphi_{b}\) & \(\circ\) & 30.0 & 30.0 & 30.0 \\ \(R\) & - & 9.9 & 9.7 & 9.7 \\ \(S\) & MPa & 21 & 19 & 19 \\ \(E_{ref,n}^{M}\) & MPa & 116 & 77 & 100 \\ \(K_{ref,n}^{M}\) & MPa & 63 & 36 & 54 \\ \(n_{1}\) & - & 0.35 & 0.25 & 0.35 \\ \(n_{2}\) & - & 0.10 & 0.05 & 0.10 \\ \(d_{c}\) & - & 0.0030 & 0.0030 & 0.0030 \\ \(\alpha\) & d\({}^{-1}\) & 0.0090 & 0.0090 & 0.0090 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Rockfill parameters for VEPP model for SBY CFRD numerical analysis.  
Predicted Deformations During Dam Construction with Dam Elevation Between 330 m and Final Elevation of 409 m  
This corresponds to the construction period between April 2005 and November 2006. At an elevation of 235 m, there was very good agreement between the observed and predicted settlements and final settlement rate for points in the 3B zone closer to the upstream side (SV01-1-4 and SV01-1-5). For points in the 3B zone near the center of the dam, the observed settlements were higher in point SV01-1-7, closer to the 3C zone where the dam had its maximum height, than in point SV01-1-6. This pattern was well captured by the VEPP model, but the predicted settlements were slightly lower than the observed ones, with the maximum difference being 0.25 m at point SV01-1-7. The observed and predicted settlement rates by November 2006 were similar. In zone 3C, points SV01-1-8 and SV01-1-9, there was very good agreement between observed and predicted settlements and also between observed and predicted settlement rates.  
Figure 4: SBY CFRD: settlements at elevation 235 m [17,35,43].  
3C were higher than predicted, with the maximum difference being 0.4 m in SV01-1-28. The observed deformation was higher for points in the center and in the downstream part (around points SV01-1-27 and SV01-1-28) than in the upstream part. The VEPP model captured this behavior well, with higher deformations predicted in the same two points.