# Experimental and Modeling of Residual Deformation of Soil-Rock Mixture under Freeze-Thaw Cycles
## 1 Introduction
The introduction of the artificial neural network model provides a new idea for the investigation of the freeze-thaw cycle mechanism. The research on the freeze-thaw cycle mechanism of the soil-rock mixture by domestic scholars started a little later, but it has developed rapidly due to the increase in the demand for engineering construction in seasonally frozen land areas. [PERSON] et al. [8; 9; 10] defined a soil-rock mixture as an extremely inhomogeneous and loose geotechnical material composed of pore space, soil particles, and rocks with large strength and a certain engineering scale. To explore the freeze-thaw cycle mechanism of soil-rock mixture, it is necessary to figure out the freeze-thaw cycle mechanism of soil first. [PERSON] et al. [11], [PERSON] et al. [12], [PERSON] et al. [13], [PERSON] et al. [14], [PERSON] et al. [15], [PERSON] et al. [16], and [PERSON] et al. [17] researched the freeze-thaw characteristics of loess by indoor freeze-thaw tests and obtained the relationships between freezing rate, freeze-thaw volume, freezing temperature, recharge conditions and water content. Secondly, it is essential to find out the moisture condition in the soil. [PERSON] et al. [18] believed that repeated freezing and thawing would increase the moisture content of soil samples and cause water to accumulate in the upper part. The research of [PERSON] et al. [19] proposed that the moisture content of the samples after multiple freeze-thaw cycles under the condition of replenishment will be much greater than the initial moisture content, and the replenishment amount during the freezing process is much greater than that during the thawing process. [PERSON] et al. [20] proposed the conditions that ice lens formation must meet during the frost heave process of soil, which is stress failure and the necessary water field. The sufficient water supply will cause partial condensation and frost heave, but if the partial condensation temperature is too low, the migration of unfrozen water will be interrupted, so it needs to be controlled within a certain temperature range. [PERSON] et al. [21] supplemented the ice lens judgment criteria. The formation position of the ice lens is significantly affected by the temperature boundary, while the generation of segregated ice is restricted by the amount of water migration. However, as the load increases, it will show an exponential decay. At the same time, according to the research of [PERSON] et al. [22], freeze-thaw cycles will destroy the original structure between soil particles, resulting in an increase in soil permeability and a decrease in the plasticity index. It can even increase the large pores in the loess-like soil without collapsibility and produce collapsibility. [PERSON] et al. [23] believed that under the repeated freezing and thawing of the slope soil in the seasonal frozen soil area, the soil compactness decreased and the pores increased, and proposed the relationship between the frost heave amount and the freezing depth, and the residual deformation amount and the freezing depth. The residual deformation of soil in freeze-thaw cycles is formed by the superposition of frost heave and thawing subsidence. [PERSON] et al. [24] believes that the research on soil frost heave is more in-depth, and the research onthaw settlement is mostly based on empirical methods, and the influence of soil mechanical properties is not paid enough attention. The laboratory test and actual monitoring should be combined to build a model. [PERSON] et al. [25] proposed the thawing characteristics of different soils during repeated freezing and thawing under different moisture content, compactness, and load conditions, and believed that the increase in load would inhibit the frost heave deformation, but at the same time, increase the thawing deformation. [PERSON] et al. [26] proposed the influence of soil compaction and saturation on the law of freeze-thaw deformation characteristics.