# Efficient Inorganic Stabilization Materials for Chromium and Arsenic Pollution in Water and Soil
## 1 Introduction
For example, electrochemical treatment may face the problem of increased long-term operating costs due to electrode degradation [16]. Biochar or zeolite adsorbents may experience decreased adsorption efficiency after multiple uses, making long-term stable operation challenging [17]. Although microbial remediation is green and environmentally friendly, its long remediation cycle may not meet the demand for rapid pollution control [18]. These issues highlight the need for further exploration of more sustainable and long-term stable remediation technologies in the treatment of chromium and arsenic pollution. In this context, the emergence of chromium and arsenic stabilizers has provided a new solution to solve this problem. Stabilization is more widely used in the remediation of chromium and arsenic contaminated soil than other remediation technologies because it is fast, effective, convenient, and cheap, especially in large-scale applications [19]. This strategy introduces stabilizers into contaminated media to initiate physical encapsulation, chemical precipitation, surface complexation, and ion exchange [20], effectively reducing the bioavailability of chromium and arsenic [21]. In recent years, with the improvement of solidification technology, chromium and arsenic stabilizers have been widely used in soil remediation, sewage treatment, and other aspects. For example, the mixture of poly ferric sulfate (PFS) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\)) was used to stabilize arsenic in abandoned arsenic plants [22]. In addition, extensive exploration was carried out by researchers in the preparation and performance optimization of stabilizers to improve their fixation ability and stability to pollutants. The co-pyrolysis of red mud and rice straw achieved the removal of Cr(VI) [23]. Chromium and arsenic stabilizers were found to not only be applicable in actual projects of heavy metal pollution remediation but also have good economy and practicality, and they are expected to become an important technical means of chromium and arsenic pollution treatment. Through continuous optimization and innovation, chromium and arsenic stabilizers are anticipated to play a more important role in future environmental governance, to promote the sustainable use of water and soil resources and ensure ecological security and human health. In the previous era of emerging technologies, the stabilization mechanism of various repair materials for chromium and arsenic was explored in depth, and their performance was optimized, making it a research hotspot. Many new materials, such as nano metal oxides and MXenes, were demonstrated to have excellent stabilization potential due to their unique structures and properties. Nanometal oxides, because of their large specific surface area, were able to efficiently remove chromium and arsenic through various methods, such as electrostatic adsorption and redox reactions. Meanwhile, MXenes, as a novel two-dimensional material, provide for ion diffusion and adsorption due to their adjustable interlayer spacing and abundant surface functional groups. Clay mineral materials are found to be stable and able to function under mild conditions, and some materials are gradually emerging in practical applications due to their wide range of sources and low cost. However, research on these new materials is still in the primary stage, and many challenges in terms of long-term stability, large-scale preparation processes, and environmental compatibility in practical applications are present, which urgently need further research. [PERSON] et al. [24] showed that the morphology and stability of arsenic changed with the growth of Fe(III)-As(V) co-precipitate over time, which indicated that long-term stability needs to be further studied. Some materials are costly to prepare and may cause secondary contamination [25]. Globally, chromium and arsenic pollution not only affects soil and water quality but may also pose potential hazards to human health through food chain transmission.