# Load Balancing Strategies for Slice-Based Parallel Versions of JEM Video Encoder
## 3 Parallel Approaches
### Asynchronous Algorithm: JEM-SP-ASync
This significantly improved the parallel scalability, e.g., average efficiency, by coding the FOUR video sequence using 12 processes, which increased from 51.6% to 88.8%. These results were obtained by encoding only 120 frames (corresponding to 2.4 or 5 s, depending on the frame rate of the video sequence), and demonstrate correct load balancing even for short video sequences. List of Acronyms
* AI--All Intra
* AVC--Advanced Video Coding
* CB--Coding Blocks
* CCLM--Cross Component Linear Model
* CTU--Coding Tree Unit
* CU--Coding Unit
* HEVC--High Efficiency Video Coding
* JCT--V--Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding
* JEM--Joint Exploration test Model
* JVET--Joint Video Exploration Team
* ME--Motion Estimation
* MML--Multiple Model CCLM Mode
* MPEG--Moving Picture Expert Group
* MPM--Most Probable Modes
* MV--Motion Vectors
* NALU--Network Abstraction Layer Unit
* PDPC--Position Dependent intra-Prediction Component
* PSNR--Peak Signal to Noise Ratio
* PU--Prediction Unit
* QP--Quantization Parameter
* QTBT--Quadtree Plus Binary Tree
* R/D--Rate/Distortion
* RDO--Rate Distortion Optimization
* TU--Transform Unit
* VCEG--Video Coding Expert Group
* VoD--Video on Demand
* VVC--Versatile Video Coding

Author Contributions:[PERSON] and [PERSON] conceived the analytical study; [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] designed experimental test; [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] performed the validation; [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] analyzed the data; [PERSON] and [PERSON] wrote the original draft; [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the Research State Agency under Grant RTI2018-098156-B-C54 co-financed by FEDER funds, and by the Valencian Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society under Grant GV/2021/152. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

* (1) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. _Circuits Syst. Video Technol. IEEE Trans._ **2012**, _22_, 1648-1667. [CrossRef]
* (2) ITU-T; ISO/[PERSON] JTC 1. Advanced Video Coding for Generic Audiovisual Services. Available online: [[https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264-201610-S](https[PERSON]www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264-201610-S)]([https[PERSON]www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264-201610-S](https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264-201610-S)) (accessed on 30 September 2021). * Including High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). _Circuits Syst. Video Technol. IEEE Trans._ **2012**, _22_, 1669-1684. [CrossRef]
* (4) Cisco. Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2017-2022. Technical Report, 2019. Available online: [[https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-741490.html](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-741490.html)]([https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-741490.html](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-741490.html)) (accessed on 30 September 2021). * (5) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Algorithm Description of Joint Exploration Test Model 7.