## 4 Discussion
### Fungal Community  
_Malassezia_, the most abundant taxa detected by 28S rRNA sequencing analysis, significantly prevailed in sample c (51.77%), from which, the _M. globosa_ reached a percentage of 21.59%. Although _Malassezia_ yeasts are part of the cutaneous microbiota detected mainly on healthy human skin, species of this genus are also associated with mammalian cutaneous disorders such as dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, psoriasis, folliculitis, and otitis [43]. The ITS analysis placed _Malassezia_ in the 16 th place of the most occurring taxa (Figure 5), it dominated in sample e (c-0.09%; d-0.25%; e-1.88%). _Aspergillus_ and _Metarhizium_ were detected in all samples using both fungal markers; by 28S rRNA the highest occurrence, 20.08% for _Aspergillus_ and 8.41% for _Metarhizium_, was recorded in sample b. ITS analysis revealed the highest percentages of these genera in sample d, 1.51% and 31.36% for _Aspergillus_ and _Metarhizium_, respectively. The presence of _Metarhizium_ is probably due to because members of this genus are known as entomopathogens [44], which infected various insects contributing to human decomposition. In both analysis, _A. fumigatus_ was the most dominant species among the other _Aspergillus_ spp. This species, in previous studies, was isolated from various organs of cadavers and human remains [45; 46], several cultural heritage items made by organic materials [47], and it showed also proteolytic, keratinocyte, and fibroinolytic abilities [1]. Therefore it is not surprising, that the Aspergillus and Penicilli isolated in this study possessed also interesting hydrolytic properties. They were recovered almost exclusively from a portion of silk tissue, which covered the stiff reinforcement made by animal substances. These characteristics evidenced their biodeteioration dangerousness for textile and other proteinaceous materials occurring in various cultural heritage objects. _Pestalotiopsis_ is another abundant taxa in sample b (10.11%) according to 28S rRNA analysis, and their species are known as plant pathogens and as the producers of antifungal active metabolites [48; 49; 50]. The ITS analysis did not detect this taxa. Both taxa _Plhyomyces_ and _Colletotrichum_ were detected by 28S rRNA (_Plhyomyces_: a-6.75%, b-0.73%, c-0.10%; _Colletotrichum_: a-1.69%, b-1.02%, c-0.52%) and ITS (_Plhyomyces_: c-0.20%, d-0.18%, e-4.94%; _Colletotrichum_: c-1.75%, d-7.05%, e-5.23%) analyses. These fungi are not common colonizers of historical items, in fact, to our knowledge, the first detection of _Plhyomyces_ in two canvas paintings was very recent [51]. Genus _Serpula_, dominated significantly only in sample a (a-4.44%, b-0.62%, c-0.36%) analyzed by 28S rRNA genes sequencing. All reads assigned to the genus _Serpula_ belonged to only one species - _S. lacrymans_, a common wood-decaying dry rot causing deterioration of wood monuments [52] and buildings [53]. The ITS analysis revealed lower occurrence of _Serpula_ taxa with highest presence in sample c (0.34%). Other phytopathogens were detected in sample c (ITS) in remarkable abundance, e.g., _Neofuscicoccum_ with one representative species of this genus _N. parvum_ (c-4.56%), known as phytotoxins-producing grapevine canker agent [54] and Botrytis with one representative species of this genus _B. cinerea_ (2.50%), well known pathogen causing serious losses in more than 200 crop species worldwide [55]. The genus _Torulaspora_ represented 3.56% in sample e (ITS), with one representing species _T. delbrueckii_, which is also typical inhabitant of the grape surface, known as well studied non-Saccharomyces yeasts used in winemaking [56]. Another plant pathogen, _Phaeosphaeria nodorum_ was detected mostly in sample d (2.51%). It is known as fungal pathogen of wheat (_Triticum aestivum_). The relevant detection of plant pathogens is due of the wood of coffin, but also of the presence of several types of plant species that usually served to adorn the body of the dead.