## 3 The GCC Region's Geographical Factors  
The GCC countries' geographical location serves as the point that links the West to the East [30]. The advantages of the GCC region stem from its strategic geographical location \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Country**} & **Area** & **Population** & **GDP (Billion USD)** & **GDP per Capita** & **Oil Reserve** & **Gas Reserve** & **Gas and Oil** & **Gas and Oil** \\  & **(km2)** & **(Millions)** & **GDP (Billion USD)** & **(Thousand & **(Billion USD)** & **(Billion USD)** & **Share in GDP** & **Share in** \\  & & & & & & & **Feet)** & **(\%)** & **Revenues (\%)** \\ \hline Saudi Arabia & 2,149,690 & 33.5 & 646 & 21 & 266 & 8588 & 48 & 90 \\ Oman & 309,500 & 4.5 & 70 & 17 & 5 & 931 & 48 & 82 \\ UAE & 71,002 & 9.5 & 370 & 48 & 98 & 6091 & 36 & 76 \\ Kuwait & 17,818 & 4.2 & 114 & 29 & 102 & 1784 & 52 & 94 \\ Qatar & 11,600 & 2.6 & 165 & 59 & 25 & 24,299 & 56 & 61 \\ Bahrain & 778.3 & 1.6 & 31 & 23 & 0.12 & 92 & 44 & 80 \\ GCC total & 2,560,388 & 55.9 & 1396 & 197 & 496.12 & 41,785 & 284 & 483 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: GCC countries’ details [28; 29]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Country**} & **Target** & **Year** \\ \hline Saudi Arabia & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Reduce power consumption by 8\%} & 2021 \\  & & Reduce peak demand by 14\% & 2021 \\  & Oman & Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2\% & 2030 \\  & & Reduce the power consumption in Dubai by 30\% & 2030 \\  & & Reduce power consumption by 40\% & 2050 \\  & & Improve the efficiency for corporates and individuals by 40\% & 2050 \\  & & Reduce the electricity generation carbon footprint by 70\% & 2050 \\  & & Reduce power consumption by 30\% & 2030 \\  & & Improve power generation efficiency by 15\% & 2030 \\  & & Reduce the per-capita power consumption by 8\% & 2022 \\  & & Reduce the power consumption by 6\% & 2025 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: GCC future target to reduce CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [18; 25]. at one of the world's most important crossroads. The GCC region is located in the Arabian Peninsula southwest of Asia between latitudes \(13^{\circ}\) and \(32^{\circ}\) north of the equator and longitudes \(35^{\circ}\) and \(60^{\circ}\) east of Greenwich [31]. The GCC region covers a large area of desert that occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula wilderness in western Asia. The regional grouping constitutes approximately 2.5 million km\({}^{2}\) of land area, representing 82% of the Arabian Peninsula's total area [32]. The region's land mass represents a rectangular shape of 2000 km along the Tropic of Cancer, with a north-south axis of 2300 km in length [32]. In addition, the GCC region overlooks three important waterways: the western Red Sea, the eastern Arabian Gulf, and the southern Arabian Sea. The GCC region overlooks the Arabian Gulf, occupying its western coast area from Oman to Kuwait. The main Arabian Gulf is composed of the Straits of Hormuz in the inner Arabian Gulf and Oman Gulf, that is, the outer Gulf. According to Riad [32], since the 1950s, the Straits of Hormuz in the Arabian Gulf have been of exceptional global importance, unsurpassed by any other seaway due to being oil tankers' waterway to the world. The vital aspects of the Arabian Gulf to the GCC region and the entire globe are obvious. All of the eastern coastlines of the Red Sea overlook Saudi Arabia (except the short Yemeni coast), from Gizan in the south of Saudi Arabia to the tip of the Aqaba Gulf represent the critical border zones of Saudi Arabia with Jordan, Egypt, and the occupied Palestinian territories [32]. The northern boundaries of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are generally viewed as marking the borders of the GCC region. In addition, the Red Sea front brings the GCC region in contact with the Suez Canal in Egypt, which links the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.