## 4 Conclusions  
From albedo and solar reflectance index (SRI) measurements on actual precast concrete pavements made with different mixes, the following qualitative takeaways are provided:  
1. The tested precast concrete pavements present a range of solar reflectance values of 0.29-0.46. Therefore, all of them meet the requirements of LEED-NC SS 7.1 (SRI \(\geq\) 29). Conventional concrete mix designs can provide cool pavements with SRI higher than 29. Replacement of black pavements by high-reflective concrete pavements is an easy and cost-effective measure to stem climate change. 2. There is a linear correlation between the solar reflectance index (SRI) and albedo. 3. It is estimated that the concrete mixes reflect between 60 and 160 W m\({}^{-2}\) of the incident radiation with respect to dark conventional pavements, equivalent to a reduction of 45-118 kgCO\({}_{2}\)/m\({}^{2}\). The main outcome of this carbon dioxide decrease is a reduction in Earth's surface temperature. 4. High-albedo (>0.5) concrete surfaces exhibit significant \"active cool effects\" due to a reduction in solar flux of 136 W m\({}^{-2}\), with an equivalent carbon dioxide emission reduction of 100 kgCO\({}_{2}\)/m\({}^{2}\). 5. These results will allow stakeholders and decision makers to improve environmental resilience at large territorial scales, especially in the urban core. 6. Multidisciplinary studies considering factors such as building materials' albedo, among other mitigation measures, should be performed to provide more precise and reliable guidance to policymakers, stakeholders, decision makers and urban planners. 7. A huge surface of covered with 4.72 km\({}^{2}\) of high-reflectance materials (albedo > 0.5) can offset about 0.43 gigatons of carbon dioxide every year. Thus, concrete pavements can contribute very efficiently to climate change mitigation by lowering the land area temperature. 8. Concrete is fully recyclable material used to construct pavements, which is manufactured with local resources and may be successfully utilized for cool concrete pavement construction, replacing conventional asphalt pavements. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **GLACIER 1** & **GLACIER 2** & **GLACIER 3** & **GLACIER 4** & **GLACIER 5** & **GLACIER 6** & **DOLOMITE** & **TITANIUM** \\ \hline Rm & 0.281 & 0.291 & 0.309 & 0.295 & 0.359 & 0.404 & 0.535 & 0.572 \\ Reduction in solar flux (W m\({}^{-2}\)) & 61.72 & 65.13 & 71.27 & 66.50 & 88.32 & 103.66 & 148.34 & 160.95 \\ Reduction in CO\({}_{2}\) & 45.25 & 47.75 & 52.25 & 48.75 & 64.75 & 76 & 108.75 & 118 \\ Reduction in CO\({}_{2}\) (kgCO\({}_{2}\))\({}^{*}\) & 3,982,000 & 4,202,000 & 4,598,000 & 4,290,000 & 5,698,000 & 6,688,000 & 9,570,000 & 10,384,000 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
* Reduction in carbon dioxide emissions for 88,000 m\({}^{2}\) of concrete pavement (kgCO\({}_{2}\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by using the tested concrete pavements with different albedo values (R\({}_{\text{m}}\)) calculated taking as a reference the asphalt pavements albedo. The novelty of this paper relies on the study of precast pavements founded on high-albedo constituents, which were disposed in actual places. They offer the possibility of continuous and more flexible supervision during the pavement's service life. Conceptualization, A.Z., M.A.S. and A.M.; methodology, A.M. and M.A.S. ; software, A.M. and M.A.S. ; validation, A.M. and M.A.S. ; formal analysis, A.M. and M.A.S. ; investigation, A.Z., M.A.S. and A.M.; resources, A.Z. ; data curation, A.M. and M.A.S. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.A.S. ; writing--review and editing, M.A.S. and A.M.; visualization, A.Z., M.A.S. and A.M.; supervision, A.Z. ; project administration, A.Z. ; funding acquisition, A.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable.