## 4 Testing and Result Discussion
### System Deployment in the Real Scenario  
Further tests were done in the main farm exploitation expected to make use of the developed system. The objectives with these tests were (a) assessing the interaction between the UAV and the cattle, (b) saving information from the performed flights and missions and (c) storing the data in a IPFS node to have the information in a decentralized repository. For the first objective, UAV missions were performed to monitor livestock and have an accurate idea of their interaction. The location to perform such an operation was a farming exploitation at the _pedana_ of Alpedroches in Spain. _Pedana_ is a Spanish term that defines an _\"entity with a territorial scope inferior to the municipality that lacks legal personality and that constitutes a form of decentralized organization of the municipality for the administration of separate population groups\"_[50]. This usually involves having several _pedana_ managed by a single townhall (located in a bigger village or a town) to minimize rural management costs and assigning budget in rural areas in the most efficient manner. Therefore, Alpedroches can be considered as an example of _La Espana Vaciada_, which refers to the towns and locations that have become devoid of people, with especial intensity in the rural Spain. As such, only 2 people are censed to permanently live in this location, which are the farm owners of the exploitation where the tests for this system were carried out. Therefore, having technological solutions that can be used by only a few people (as mentioned, requiring a small amount of manpower and a relatively flat learning curve) is of great usefulness in this context. Sheep livestock is common in the area; it is used as a source of several products (lamb meat, wool, milk, cheese) so it is a significant part of the local economy of the land. Thus, the importance of having tools that make easier assessing the possibility of obtaining certifications is of major importance to assess the quality of the resulting goods and foodstuffs from cattle. It is in this context where information obtained from the UAV and transferred to a IPFS node comes of major importance, as it can be used as support material to assess what kind of grasses were eaten by the sheep or what kind of natural environment they were bred in. The location of Alpedroches and the exploitation where tests were performed can be seen in Figure 11. The total surface of the location used for testing was of 300 hectares, which is average considering the kind of animals used and their needs for space and grazing. Two folds are used at the left side and the right side of the exploitation are used to keep the sheep inside when sheep must stay put. The layout of the testing location comes in as very useful for UAV flight and data collection, as it provides a large area to have cattle without any restrictions in movement, while at the same time the retrieved information can be stored and shared with the available wireless communication protocols and standards described in the prototype section. A first flight of approximately 10 min duration was made. During this test, it was possible to monitor the sheep from a significant distance (according to the idea of having the system for cattle monitoring) and to make several tests about driving the herd in a desired direction (which specifically aimed at the formulated objective of assessing the interaction between the UAV and the cattle). During the flight, it was possible to monitor the cattle farm from one end to the other several times, proving that control of the entire farm could be maintained with the use of the prototype. Tests regarding moving the herd by making use of the UAV showed that it is possible to steer the sheep in the desired direction (as it was already shown in the reviewed literature). It was also proven how one of the great advantages of using UAVs for livestock monitoring is the speed with which it is possible to reach the location of the herd.