## 3 Ecotoxicity
### Aquatic Biomodels
#### 3.1.1 Bacteria Biomedical  
Most of the studies on the ecotoxicity of DESs were carried out in bacteria--particularly in _Aliibrio fischeri_ (_A. fischeri_). This information was compiled from the existing bibliography and is shown in Table 3.  
This biomodel is a marine bacterium widely used in ecotoxicity tests due to its ability to emit a blue-green luminescence. This process is related to the cellular metabolism of the bacteria, and serves as a sensitive indicator of toxicity [90]. Inhibition of luminescence tests are carried out on this organism, and offer quick, cost-effective, reproducible, and accurate information about toxicity [91; 90]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**DES (Molar Ratio)** & **EC\({}_{\text{50}}\) (mg/L) 15 min** & **EC\({}_{\text{50}}\) (mg/L) 30 min** & **Reference** \\ \hline ChCl:cetic acid (1:2) & 125 \(\pm\) 15 & 130 \(\pm\) 9 & [82] \\ ChCl:acetic acid & 200 \(\pm\) 14 & 197 \(\pm\) 17 & [82] \\ ChCl:acetic acid (2:1) & 343 \(\pm\) 32 & 337 \(\pm\) 34 & [82] \\ ChCl:lactic acid (1:2) & 342 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 33.6 \(\pm\) 0.8 & [82] \\ ChCl:lactic acid & 63.0 \(\pm\) 6.0 & 61.8 \(\pm\) 11.6 & [82] \\ ChCl:lactic acid (2:1) & 68.6 \(\pm\) 12.3 & 67.0 \(\pm\) 36.0 & [82] \\ ChCl:glycolic acid (1:2) & 30.4 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 30.2 \(\pm\) 0.8 & [82] \\ ChCl:glycolic acid & 33.1 \(\pm\) 6.1 & 32.9 \(\pm\) 5.6 & [82] \\ ChCl:glycolic acid (2:1) & 63.0 \(\pm\) 12.2 & 62.2 \(\pm\) 12.4 & [82] \\ ChCl:citric acid (1:2) & 15.6 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 15.6 \(\pm\) 0.6 & [82] \\ ChCl:citric acid & 22.5 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 22.4 \(\pm\) 2.4 & [82] \\ ChCl:citric acid (2:1) & 31.1 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 31.9 \(\pm\) 4.6 & [82] \\ [N\({}_{1111}\)]Cl:1-propanol (1:1) & 19,930 \(\pm\) 2310 & 20,870 \(\pm\) 3950 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{1111}\)]Cl:1-propanol (2:1) & 15,420 \(\pm\) 3680 & 16,150 \(\pm\) 4050 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{1111}\)]Cl:1-propanol (4:1) & 16,430 \(\pm\) 1720 & 15,360 \(\pm\) 1360 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{2222}\)]Cl:1-propanol (1:2) & 20,710 \(\pm\) 3200 & 22,260 \(\pm\) 3110 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{2222}\)]Cl:1-propanol (1:1) & 17,590 \(\pm\) 5140 & 18,090 \(\pm\) 4650 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{2222}\)]Cl:1-propanol (2:1) & 13,860 \(\pm\) 2250 & 15,550 \(\pm\) 2750 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{2222}\)]Cl:1-propanol (4:1) & 8571 \(\pm\) 898 & 9500 \(\pm\) 945 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{3333}\)]Cl:1-propanol (1:2) & 1467 \(\pm\) 328 & 1555 \(\pm\) 374 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{3333}\)]Cl:1-propanol (1:1) & 6106 \(\pm\) 2350 & 4981 \(\pm\) 2199 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{3333}\)]Cl:1-propanol (2:1) & 1700 \(\pm\) 210 & 1845 \(\pm\) 227 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{3333}\)]Cl:1-propanol (4:1) & 989.6 \(\pm\) 184.6 & 1120 \(\pm\) 214.5 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{1111}\)]Cl:EG (1:2) & 29,010 \(\pm\) 2630 & 30,200 \(\pm\) 9610 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{1111}\)]Cl:EG (1:1) & 52,110 \(\pm\) 5320 & 53,990 \(\pm\) 6110 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{1111}\)]Cl:EG (2:1) & 42,410 \(\pm\) 3600 & 49,250 \(\pm\) 2780 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{1111}\)]Cl:EG (4:1) & 54,520 \(\pm\) 16,970 & 65,620 \(\pm\) 18,260 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{2222}\)]Cl:EG (1:2) & 18,980 \(\pm\) 3620 & 18,930 \(\pm\) 3660 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{2222}\)]Cl:EG (1:1) & 24,500 \(\pm\) 3310 & 23,940 \(\pm\) 3420 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{2222}\)]Cl:EG (2:1) & 9069 \(\pm\) 187 & 18,610 \(\pm\) 4860 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{2222}\)]Cl:EG (4:1) & 37,180 \(\pm\) 9530 & 36,390 \(\pm\) 8600 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{3333}\)]Cl:EG (1:2) & 778.6 \(\pm\) 68.6 & 971.3 \(\pm\) 237.7 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{3333}\)]Cl:EG (1:1) & 3074 \(\pm\) 125 & 3665 \(\pm\) 224 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{3333}\)]Cl:EG (2:1) & 908.7 \(\pm\) 104.5 & 945.3 \(\pm\) 119.4 & [89] \\ [N\({}_{3333}\)]Cl:EG (4:1) & 1273 \(\pm\) 110 & 1285 \(\pm\) 143 & [89] \\ ChCl:glycerol (1:2) & & 86,726 \(\pm\) 8727 & [84] \\ ChCl:glycerolwater (1:2:1) & 143,686 \(\pm\) 8885 & [84] \\ ChCl:Clurea (1:2) & & 26,346 \(\pm\) 24 & [84] \\ ChCl:urea:water (1:2:1.7) & & 98,409 \(\pm\) 9598 & [84] \\ ChCl:EG (1:2) & & 108,526 \(\pm\) 19,101 & [84] \\ ChCl:EG:water (1:2:1) & & 115,450 \(\pm\) 17,943 & [84] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Ecotoxicological data of some DESs in _A. fischeri_. [PERSON] et al.