## 4 Result
### Concentration and Colocation Patterns of the 35 Fields
#### 4.1.2 Highly Mixed Technological Composition except for Food Sectors  
Three components are extracted with eigenvalues surpassing 1 from the correlation matrix for 35 technological fields based on valid invention patents, explaining 92.62% of the variance in the data (Table 3). The value of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of sampling adequacy is 0.775, surpassing the recommended value of 0.6. Factors 1, 2, and 3 explain 48.37%, 38.07%, and 6.18% of the variance among the fields, respectively. Component 1 spans a highly mixed category of computer, communication, and biochemistry technologies, encompassing four technological fields with a loading value surpassing 0.9, including computer technology, telecommunications, IT methods for management, and digital communication, followed by eight fields of biotechnology, organic fine chemistry, basic communication processes, micro-structure/nanotechnology, analysis of biological materials, measurement, semiconductors, and control with a loading value surpassing 0.8, and five fields of pharmaceuticals, civil engineering, medical, engines, and optics with a loading value surpassing 0.7. This combination of technologies suggests that knowledge creation in major fields related to electronic information, computer science, biochemistry, and medical hygiene in the Yangtze River Delta are highly colocated, making complex knowledge exchange and flows possible across different fields. Component 2 entitled gadgets and mechanics, encompassed two technological fields with a loading value that surpassed 0.9, the machine tools and handling, immediately followed by five fields of working of textile and paper machines, furniture, and games, surface technology and coating, mechanical elements, and other special machines with a loading value surpassing 0.8, and five fields of chemical engineering, thermal processes and apparatus, other consumer goods, and audio-visual technology with a loading value that surpassed 0.7. This combination of technologies indicates that gadgets and mechanical working not only entail the colocation of technological innovation in machine tools and handling, but also may involve knowledge flow and close cooperation from (chemical) engineering, electronics, and even transport. Component 3 is predominated by food chemistry with a loading value of 0.882, followed by pharmaceuticals, basic materials chemistry, and other special machines with a loading value below 0.5, revealing a relative independent knowledge production in the field of foodstuff production and processing. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Fields** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Computer,** \\ **Communication,** \\ **Biochemistry** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mechanic, Gadget,** \\ **Chemical** \\ **Engineering** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Computer technology & 0.932 & \\ IT methods for management & 0.912 & \\ Telecommunications & 0.912 & \\ Digital communication & 0.908 & \\ Biotechnology & 0.894 & \\ Organic fine chemistry & 0.880 & \\ Basic communication processes & 0.875 & \\ Micro-structure and & 0.875 & \\ nano-technology & 0.868 & \\ Analysis of biological materials & 0.868 & \\ Measurement & 0.846 & \\ Semiconductors & 0.844 & \\ Control & 0.843 & \\ Pharmaceuticals & 0.795 & 0.416 \\ Civil engineering & 0.79 & 0.549 \\ Medical technology & 0.789 & 0.592 \\ Engines, pumps, turbines & 0.769 & 0.55 \\ Optics & 0.746 & 0.612 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Rotated component matrix for 35 technological fields based on valid invention patents; source: authors. The Extensive, Distinctive, Supportive, and Intensive Technologies under the Four-Quadrant Classification Diagram and Their Spatial Dependence  
Spatial concentration and PCA reveal the variance of concentration and colocation degree. According to the extensive, distinctive, supportive, and intensive technologies proposed in research method, the 35 technological fields are reclassified into the four-quadrant diagram (Figure 6).