## 2 Literature Review
### The Conceptual Framework  
The literature review indicates that there is a prevalence of exploratory works that concentrate on identifying the components of digital transformation enablers and the various types of digital citizenship behavior. The quantity of scholarly articles and research studies that examine the effects and impacts of digital transformation remains limited. This sets the stage for research endeavors that center on the impacts of digital citizenship and digital transformation at large, as well as on the enablers of digital transformation in particular. According to [PERSON] et al. [49], the process of digital transformation involves the collaborative efforts of both the social and technical systems, with the latter comprising the digital technologies utilized within the organization. The attainment of desired outcomes can be facilitated through the harmonization of both digital technologies and the social system, which encompasses the human resources and other intangible elements of the organization. Our study's social system is supported by digital citizenship. Thus, our research incorporates the social system and digital technology, while analyzing the social system's impact on digital transformation enablers. A previous study demonstrated that information and data literacy and information security management, as components of digital citizenship, have a positive effect on change management and risk management during digital transformation [60]. Thus, the assumption was made that digital citizenship can positively contribute to the organization's faster adoption of digital technology and the establishment of digital transformation enablers. With this in the background, the following hypotheses are provided:  
**Hypothesis 1a (H1a). **: _Information and data literacy of digital citizenship is positively associated with digital transformation enablers._  
**Hypothesis 1b (H1b). **: _Information security management of digital citizenship is positively associated with digital transformation enablers._  
**Hypothesis 1c (H1c). **: _Digital piracy of digital citizenship is positively associated with digital transformation enablers._  
**Hypothesis 1d (H1d). **: _Responsibility of digital citizenship is positively associated with digital transformation enablers._  
**Hypothesis 1e (H1e). **: _Collaboration of digital citizenship is positively associated with digital transformation enablers._  
An important research contribution and incentive for further research in the field of digital transformation was brought by [PERSON] [61]. By creating building blocks of the digital transformation process based on an extensive review of the literature, the aforementioned author established relationships between the various constituents of digital transformation and proposed that digital transformation enablers influence changes in value creation paths, with a possible positive impact on organizational performance and operational efficiency but also a possible negative impact on security and privacy. The positive effects of digital transformation on innovation and productivity were confirmed in a study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [15]. The positive impact of digital transformation on innovative performance was also confirmed in a study by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [62]. The application of information technologies in digital transformation should enable the ability to innovate, be agile, and use data intelligently for making strategic decisions and solving problems in business processes and operations [50]. [PERSON] [52] concludes that digital technologies used in business processes and in the integration of the organizational infrastructure and employees, enable new capabilities such as decentralization in decision making or autonomy in problem-solving process. Based on the aforementioned, the conceptual model establishes direct relationships between digital transformation enablers and both innovation and problem-solving (Figure 1).