# Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, and Hybrid Approach in Healthcare Simulation: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Target Clinical Area (GQ1, Fq1)  
Simulation-based education is widely incorporated as a means of effective training to learn technical and non-technical skills in almost all areas of healthcare. In the past, it has been mainly used for training medical professionals to reduce errors during surgery. Today, there is a growing trend to use simulation both as a tool for objective skill assessment and as an anatomy learning tool to circumvent the drawbacks associated with conventional anatomy training based on cadaver dissection. With regard to question GQ1 (\"Which is the target clinical area?\"), 22 of the 23 studies concern simulators for training of surgical tasks/procedures (such as neurosurgery [22; 42], abdominal surgery [24; 26; 40; 44], orthopedic surgery [23; 27; 29; 41; 43], dental surgery [28; 35; 38], \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c p{227.6 pt}} \hline \hline
**Reference** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Title of Selected Study**} \\ \hline [PERSON] 2020 [22] & Augmented reality and physical hybrid model simulation for preoperative planning of metopic craniosynostosis surgery. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2018 [23] & How to build a patient-specific hybrid simulator for orthopedic open surgery: benefits and limits of mixed-reality using the Microsoft HoloLens. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2011 [24] & How to build patient-specific synthetic abdominal anatomies. An innovative approach from physical toward hybrid surgical simulators. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2011 [25] & Randomized controlled trial of virtual reality and hybrid simulation for robotic surgical training. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2016 [26] & Augmented reality visualization of deformable tubular structures for surgical simulation. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2014 [27] & A novel augmented reality simulator for minimally invasive spine surgery. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2016 [28] & Mixed-reality simulation for orthognathic surgery. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2010 [29] & Mixed reality simulation of rasping procedure in artificial cervical disc replacement (ACDR) surgery. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2018 [30] & The use of augmented reality glasses in central line simulation: “see one, simulate many, do one competently, and teach everyone” \\ \hline [PERSON] 2019 [31] & Virtual reality based hybrid simulation for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2014 [32] & Building a simulated medical augmented reality training system. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2015 [33] & A novel augmented reality simulator for skills assessment in minimal invasive surgery. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2013 [34] & Augmented reality intravenous injection simulator based 3D medical imaging for veterinary medicine. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2012 [35] & The development of optical see-through display based on augmented reality for oral implant surgery simulation. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2013 [36] & An integrated approach to endoscopic instrument tracking for augmented reality applications in surgical simulation training. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2015 [37] & Laparoscopic skill improvement after virtual reality simulator training in medical students as assessed by augmented reality simulator. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2013 [38] & AR dental surgical simulator using haptic feedback. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2009 [39] & A mixed reality simulator for feline abdominal palpation training in veterinary medicine. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2009 [40] & Augmented-reality-driven medical simulation platform for percutaneous nephrolithotomy with cybersecurity awareness. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2014 [41] & The validity and reliability of a hybrid reality simulator for wire navigation in orthopedic surgery. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2018 [42] & Development of a surgical simulator for training retraction of tissue with an encountered-type haptic interface using MR fluid. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2018 [43] & Augmented reality fluoroscopy simulation of the guide-wire. insertion in DHS surgery: a proof of concept study. \\ \hline [PERSON] 2018 [44] & Augmented reality to improve surgical simulation. Lessons learned towards the design of a hybrid laparoscopic simulator for cholecystectomy. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}