# Real-Time State Evaluation System of Antenna Structures in Radio Telescopes Based on a Digital Twin
## 7 Conclusions  
Aiming at the problems of low intelligence and poor state visualization in the current operation and maintenance supervision of radio telescopes, this paper develops a real-time monitoring and evaluation system of structural state based on the DT five-dimensional framework model, which provides a new digital supervision scheme for ensuring the safe and stable operation of antennas. The main work and achievements of this paper can be summarized as follows:  
1. Based on the improved QEM mesh simplification algorithm, a lightweight twin model of the antenna is established. Under the premise of ensuring a high degree of consistency with the physical entity, the mesh is simplified by about 47.9%, which effectively reduces the calculation amount of structural performance data. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **Average Solution Time (s)** \\ \hline Finite element model & 24 \\ RF model & 0.39 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Comparison of calculation time length. Figure 18: System performance analysis. Based on the RF regression algorithm, the surrogate model of the structural performance of the antenna primary reflector is established. Through the example verification, the average prediction accuracy of the model is 0.98, and the root average square error value is at a low level, which has high prediction accuracy. At the same time, compared with the finite element model, its one-time calculation time is about 0.4 s, the efficiency is optimized by 98.3%, and the time cost is greatly reduced. 3. Based on the Unity3D engine, a human-machine interaction visualization operating system was built. By using data communication, the monitoring data from sensors and the predicted data from proxy models were mapped in real time to the twin model. This achieved a DT intelligent monitoring and evaluation system for radio telescopes that integrates real-time simulation and prediction assessment of the structural status, monitoring, and assessment of motion status, status visualization, and a human-machine interaction interface. Finally, through experiments with a prototype antenna, it was verified that the DT method described in this paper is feasible and effective. Meanwhile, the limitations of the current research in this paper and the outlook on the future research direction include the following. 1. The working conditions studied in this paper are based on gravity and steady-state wind loads; however, in actual operation, the antenna will be subject to dynamic loads such as pulsating winds, sunshine temperature difference loads, and inertia loads. Therefore, the subsequent research will explore the structural mechanics of the antenna under multi-field coupling conditions with more comprehensive influencing factors and integrate the actual measurement data to establish a more accurate finite element model and high-fidelity predictive surrogate model so as to realize the accurate prediction and evaluation of antenna's mechanical state, and truly realize the intelligent monitoring and operation and maintenance of the antenna. 2. The current study mainly focuses on establishing the theoretical framework of DTs and simulation verification. Future work will further expand the application scope of this technology, especially for the practical application of the Nanshan 26 m radio telescope and larger aperture antennas. Methodology, H.C. and B.X. ; investigation, H.C.; validation, S.L. and P.L. ; writing--original draft preparation, H.C.; writing--review and editing, B.X., W.W. ([PERSON] 1) and C.W. ; data processing, S.M. and W.W. ([PERSON] 2). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant Nos. 12363011), Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (No. 2023D01C22). Not applicable. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.