under cyclic loading and unloading and quantitatively reflected the degree of the Kaiser effect using the Felicity ratio. [PERSON] [7] analyzed the energy of rock uniaxial cyclic compression tests and fitted the hysteresis energy with the applied load, revealing a linear increase in hysteresis energy with the increase in load. [PERSON] et al. [8] conducted triaxial cyclic loading and unloading experiments, using the acoustic emission impact rate associated dimension to characterize rock failure and found that the impact rate associated dimension tended to be more ordered as macroscopic fractures appeared in rocks. [PERSON] et al. [9] studied the mechanical properties of sandstone under triaxial cyclic loading and used the cumulative dissipated energy damage variable theory to analyze the increase in the damage variable with the increase in cyclic loading stress. [PERSON] et al. [10] studied the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone under cyclic loading and unloading, finding that an increase in the number of cycles improved the elastic modulus of rocks with a gradual decrease in the Felicity ratio. [PERSON] et al. [11] investigated the energy evolution laws of hexagonal honeycomb structures under different graded cyclic loading and unloading patterns, reflecting the exacerbation of internal rock damage with increased upper and lower bounds of cyclic loading and unloading. [PERSON] [12] conducted research on the acoustic emission response characteristics of internal strain in rocks under coal rock loading and unloading. When stress reached 80% of the peak strength, crack propagation and the number of acoustic emission events in rocks increased rapidly. [PERSON] et al. [13] conducted triaxial cyclic loading-unloading tests on rocks under different confining pressures, demonstrating that confining pressure plays a suppressive role in rock failure, and the dissipated energy gradually decreases with the increase in confining pressure. [PERSON] [14], through a comparison of uniaxial compression and conventional triaxial cyclic loading-unloading tests, concluded that the rock bearing capacity gradually increases with the increase in confining pressure, with minimal influence on the damping ratio. Through the work of [PERSON] et al. [15], the deformation behavior and failure mechanism of frozen weakly cemented sandstone during cyclic loading and unloading processes are revealed. [PERSON] et al. [16] conducted research on the influence of different stress paths on energy dissipation and deformation damage. He proposed the concept and calculation method of ultimate damage energy and derived the energy evolution law considering viscoelasticity. [PERSON] et al. [17] employed acoustic emission technology to identify and analyze the damage of fiber mortar under cyclic loading, utilizing multiple parameters to characterize the failure mechanism of the mortar. [PERSON] et al. [18], utilizing sonic emission technology, explored the relationship between sonic emission energy and the rate at which damage energy is released. Numerous scholars have made certain achievements in studying the energy evolution and damage analysis of rocks under the same cyclic loading path. However, there is relatively limited research on the energy evolution and damage conditions of rocks under different cyclic loading paths. This study examines the variations in the elastic strain energy, dissipated energy, total energy, plastic deformation energy, and hysteresis energy of rocks under diverse cyclic loading and unloading paths through an in-depth exploration of energy dynamics. By fusing the principles of dissipated energy, the correlation between the degree of rock damage and the number of cycles under distinct cyclic loading and unloading paths is discerned, ensuring a fortified foundation for underground engineering construction.