## 3 System Design for inspect
### Incentive Model
Different non-monetary incentive types include:  
* Fun and entertainment: Since people are willing to do tasks that interest them more, making a task more entertaining will attract more people to participate. * Personal development: Some crowdsourcing tasks can help participants develop personal skills, for example, obtaining new knowledge (Wikipedia) or learning a new language (Duolingo). * Competition: Many crowdsourcing projects are designed to have participants compete against each other to find the best solution [40]. * Reputation and identity: As discussed by [PERSON] et al. [41], people tend to do more tasks to earn a good reputation or gain positive attention. In this case, they will stop working if their reputation and identity are lost. Some websites (such as Stack Overflow) use points or credits to quantify reputation. * Humanity: As a form of altruism, many people will offer help during disasters. * Other in-kind incentives: There are many other kinds of incentives that do not fit into the categories above. For example, PhotoCity gives away free T-shirts as an incentive [42]. A carefully designed incentive system is vitally important for the success of a crowdsourcing project. A reputation-based monetary incentive model is proposed for the iInspect app developed in this research. More money could increase participation but not necessarily the quality of the results and offering less money may lead to an insufficient number of participants accepting the task. As such, participants need to be paid based on their reputation score (RS), which is earned through the quality of their work. Some researchers have designed monetary incentive models, which integrate participant history/reputation for determining task allocation and payment of rewards [43; 44]. In the incentive model for iInspect, the crowdsourcing project requester, i.e., the local fire safety management office, has to evaluate all inspection reports and return a rating called a feedback rating (\(FR\)) where \(FR\in\{-1,\ 1\}\) to participants. A rating of \"\(-1\)\" represents an unsatisfactory inspection report, where the inspection result contains mistakes or false fire safety violations. In contrast, a rating of \"\(1\)\" represents a satisfactory report, which means that violations were found to be valid. Every participant in iInspect is assigned an initial reputation score (\(RS\)) of \(10\); the \(RS\) is dynamically adjusted by the \(FR\) of a completed inspection task. The monetary reward (\(M\)) paid to participants is calculated as the product of a base payment (\(BS\), which is US$1 in this study) and \(RS\), i.e., \(M=BS*RS\mid RS>0,\ FR=1\). This means that a participant will be paid more if he/she has a higher reputation score. There are two conditions required to obtain a positive value for \(M\). The first one is that the \(RS\) must be a positive value. If a participant has a negative value for \(RS\), it means he/she submitted too many unsatisfactory inspection reports; in order to be paid, he/she must perform more inspections and submit satisfactory inspection reports to bring the reputation score back to a positive level. A participant will also be paid for inspection work only when a report is determined to be satisfactory (i.e., \(FR=1\)). In short, after each inspection, the reputation score for a participant will be updated, and reward money will be calculated and paid based on the feedback rating. Aside from the monetary incentives calculated using reputation scores, some non-monetary incentives are also embedded in this crowdsourcing application. First, by participating in fire safety inspection tasks, a user can develop their personal awareness and fire safety skills. This is a very important personal development and is valuable for personal safety. Second, it builds up high regard and honor in a user's social network. In this research, iInspect links a user's account with his/her account in a major social media platform in China, WeChat, which allows people to know how well their friends are performing in iInspect.