# Risk Perception and Barriers to Electric Scooter Prevalence
## 3 Results
### Latent Variables
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Latent Variable** & **Factor Sign** & **Factors** & **\(\mathbf{\alpha}\)Cron** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Positive attitudes [42]} & A1 & I like to have a private ES [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & A2 & I think I should have my own ES if I mostly need to travel short distances [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & A3 & I think the ESs can meet my transportation needs [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & A4 & I think ESs are a great means of transportation [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & A5 & Private ownership of an ES can give me a lot of satisfaction [42] & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Subjective norms [42]} & B1 & People who influence me think I should use shared ESs [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & B2 & People I care about think I should use shared ESs [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & B3 & People whose opinions I value would like me to use shared ESs [42] & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Support shared ES service [42]} & C1 & Using a shared ES service is fun [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & C2 & Shared ES service is really good value for money [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & C3 & The pricing of shared ES service is reasonable [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & C4 & I think I will develop the habit of using shared ES service [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & C5 & I think a shared ES service would be addictive [42] & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Willingness to share personal ES [42]} & D1 & I am willing to put my personal ES into a shared ES service to increase the efficient utilization of the ES [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & D2 & I am willing to put my private ES into sharing services to earn rental fees [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & D3 & I am willing to put my private ES into a shared service to have a professional team to manage my ES [42] & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Willingness to use shared ES service [42]} & E1 & I think it will be natural for me to use shared ES service as long as I need to commute short distances [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & E2 & I intend to use shared ES service frequently [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & E3 & I intend to continue using shared ES service for work travels in the future [42] & \\ \cline{2-4}  & E4 & I intend to use shared ES service for my daily travels [42] & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Risk perception} & F1 & I am afraid of being involved in traffic accidents with a cark while riding the ES & \\ \cline{2-4}  & F2 & I am afraid of being involved in traffic accidents with a pedestrian while riding the ES & \\ \cline{2-4}  & F3 & I am afraid of being involved in traffic accidents with an electric bicycle user & \\ \cline{2-4}  & F4 & Riding ES endangers pedestrians & \\ \cline{2-4}  & F5 & Riding the ES is dangerous & \\ \cline{2-4}  & F6 & Inattention of the user is dangerous & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Female attitudes} & G1 & Elderly females cannot use an ES & \\ \cline{2-4}  & G2 & It is not acceptable for an elderly woman to drive an ES & \\ \cline{2-4}  & G3 & It is not acceptable for girls in schools to ride an ES & \\ \cline{2-4}  & G4 & I will not allow my sister to ride an ES & \\ \cline{2-4}  & G5 & It is not acceptable for girls to ride an ES & \\ \hline Female risk & H1 & Female drivers are a greater danger than male drivers & - \\ \cline{2-4}  & Safe ES environment & I1 & How safe is your local environment for ES driving? & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Latent variables and their factors. Positive attitudes: This variable, with an alpha of 0.92, includes factors like the satisfaction and practicality of owning a private ES, and it reflects a positive perception of ES as a transportation mode. Subjective norms: With a Cronbach's alpha of 0.91, this variable captures social influences, emphasizing the impact of significant others on the respondent's likelihood of using shared ES services. Support for shared ES service: This variable also has high reliability (\(\alpha\) = 0.92), reflecting a positive view of shared ES services, considering aspects like fun, cost-effectiveness, and the potential for habitual use.