## 3 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline
**Volatile Compounds** & **SS1** & **SS2** & **NS1** & **NS2** & **P1** \\ \hline
**Alkanes** & & & & & \\ \hline Decane & \(7.1\pm 1.7\) & \(8.1\pm 2.2\) & \(6.6\pm 1.4\) & \(5.9\pm 1.4\) & \(7.5\pm 0.5\) \\ Undecane & \(10.7\,^{\circ}\pm 2.2\) & \(7.5\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 1.5\) & \(6.3\,^{\mathrm{ab}}\pm 2.6\) & \(4.7\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.7\) & \(3.5\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.0\) \\ Dodecane & \(74.9\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 11.9\) & \(87.1\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 5.9\) & \(87.6\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 6.2\) & \(80.8\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 5.9\) & \(79.6\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 3.8\) \\ Tridecane & \(30.1\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 3.9\) & \(40.4\,^{\mathrm{c}}\pm 5.8\) & \(29.3\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 4.5\) & \(21.9\,^{\mathrm{ab}}\pm 4.4\) & \(20.2\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 5.2\) \\ Tetradecane & \(167.9\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 33.7\) & \(181.4\,^{\mathrm{c}}\pm 20.3\) & \(131.9\,^{\mathrm{ab}}\pm 7.8\) & \(137.1\,^{\mathrm{ab}}\pm 12.2\) & \(121.8\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 13.1\) \\ Hexadecane & \(83.0\,^{\mathrm{c}}\pm 4.3\) & \(77.0\,^{\mathrm{c}}\pm 6.7\) & \(40.3\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 4.3\) & \(43.7\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 10.7\) & \(28.9\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 6.2\) \\ Heptadecane & \(46.0\,^{\mathrm{c}}\pm 9.1\) & \(31.9\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 9.5\) & \(13.4\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.5\) & \(13.2\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.2\) & \(10.6\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.4\) \\ Octadecane & \(33.3\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 11.6\) & \(24.8\,^{\mathrm{ab}}\pm 5.8\) & \(14.7\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 2.6\) & \(15.4\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 2.0\) & \(14.6\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.1\) \\ Nonadecane & \(11.2\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 5.0\) & \(9.9\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 2.5\) & \(7.0\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.5\) & \(6.3\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.2\) & \(20.5\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 6.8\) \\ Eicosane & \(11.5\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 2.7\) & \(9.0\,^{\mathrm{ab}}\pm 2.4\) & \(6.0\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.8\) & \(7.8\,^{\mathrm{ab}}\pm 0.3\) & \(20.6\,^{\mathrm{c}}\pm 4.5\) \\ Docosane & \(13.5\pm 8.5\) & \(7.9\pm 3.2\) & \(6.7\pm 0.7\) & \(12.5\pm 7.7\) & \(19.4\pm 6.2\) \\ \hline
**Terpenes** & & & & & \\ \hline \(\alpha\)-Pinene & \(1.4\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.3\) & \(1.6\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.7\) & \(1.7\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.3\) & \(7.0\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 2.3\) & \(1.8\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.0\) \\ Camphene & \(17.1\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.5\) & \(9.3\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 2.4\) & \(8.1\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 4.1\) & \(36.4\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 12.7\) & \(10.0\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.3\) \\ Limonene & \(11.3\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 2.7\) & \(11.5\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.0\) & \(74.6\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 10.3\) & \(75.1\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 24.9\) & \(14.6\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 8.2\) \\ Eucalyptusptol & \(0.9\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.3\) & \(1.0\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.3\) & \(3.3\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.9\) & \(12.8\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 3.0\) & \(3.0\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.9\) \\ \(\alpha\)-Copane \({}^{\star}\) & \(10.0\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 2.6\) & \(24.8\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 16.1\) & \(322.2\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 158.2\) & \(382.1\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 76.9\) & \(14.9\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.5\) \\ Camphor & \(21.7\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.8\) & \(21.9\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 4.8\) & \(18.4\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 5.7\) & \(84.0\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 21.7\) & \(20.2\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.6\) \\ Thymol methyl ether \({}^{\star}\) & \(3.2\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.8\) & \(5.6\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 2.1\) & \(25.8\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 0.6\) & \(25.4\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 5.1\) & \(6.0\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.5\) \\ \(\alpha\)-Terpineol & \(8.6\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.9\) & \(12.1\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.4\) & \(13.4\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 1.0\) & \(23.8\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 4.1\) & \(12.3\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 5.3\) \\ Isothymol methyl ether \({}^{\star}\) & \(5.7\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.1\) & \(4.3\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.8\) & \(5.5\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 3.2\) & \(22.3\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 7.9\) & \(4.9\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 2.6\) \\ \(\alpha\)-Muuronle \({}^{\star}\) & \(3.2\,^{\mathrm{a}}\pm 0.4\) & \(8.0\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 1.8\) & \(9.6\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 1.6\) & \(9.9\,^{\mathrm{b}}\pm 4.5\) & \(6.6\,^{\mathrm{ab}}\pm 1.5\) \\ Cadalene \({}^{\star}\) & \(16.2\pm 8.5\) & \(7.6\pm 2.2\) & \(8.0\pm 1.0\) & \(9.4\pm 7.1\) & \(7.5\pm 5.2\) \\ Genarion & \(10.4\pm 4.2\) & \(8.2\pm 3.0\) & \(5.5\pm 0.7\) & \(5.7\pm 1.8\) & \(6.6\pm 2.4\) \\ Methyl dihydroajsonamate & \(22.5\pm 8.6\) & \(31.9\pm 16.7\) & \(18.2\pm 1.3\) & \(15.8\pm 2.8\) & \(28.2\pm 9.1\) \\ p-Cymene & \(15.5\pm 7.2\) & \(12.5\pm 2.8\) & \(16.9\pm 3.9\) & \(12.4\pm 3.7\) & \(12.0\pm 2.9\) \\ (E)-Geranyl acetone & \(45.8\pm  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline
**Volatile Compounds** & **SS1** & **SS2** & **NS1** & **NS2** & **P1** \\ \hline
**Aldehydes** & & & & & \\ \hline Hexanal & 25.9 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 1.8 & 19.3 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 6.2 & 21.4 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 5.2 & 24.6 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 1.9 & 13.1 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.8 \\ Heptanal & 11.7 \({}^{\rm d}\)\(\pm\) 0.8 & 7.8 \({}^{\rm bc}\)\(\pm\) 1.9 & 9.2 \({}^{\rm c}\)\(\pm\) 1.6 & 6.4 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 1.2 & 4.3 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.8 \\ Nonanal & 212.5 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 76.5 & 206.3 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 68.5 & 351.7 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 24.3 & 242.7 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 38.4 & 219.2 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 26.4 \\ (E)-2-Octenal & 17.7 \(\pm\) 3.8 & 15.6 \(\pm\) 8.2 & 15.6 \(\pm\) 2.7 & 20.8 \(\pm\) 2.9 & 14.9 \(\pm\) 2.4 \\ Decanal & 120.3 \({}^{\rm bc}\)\(\pm\) 25.1 & 107.4 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 6.5 & 141.7 \({}^{\rm c}\)\(\pm\) 12.2 & 114.8 \({}^{\rm bc}\)\(\pm\) 17.8 & 79.6 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 8.2 \\ (E)-2-Nonenal & 49.8 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 8.9 & 51.5 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 13.2 & 54.0 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 4.3 & 68.8 \({}^{\rm c}\)\(\pm\) 6.9 & 34.0 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 3.4 \\ \hline
**Ketones** & & & & \\ \hline
2-Heptanone & 15.9 \({}^{\rm c}\)\(\pm\) 0.8 & 8.1 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 2.1 & 3.7 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.9 & 2.9 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.7 & 5.5 \({}^{\rm ab}\)\(\pm\) 1.0 \\
4-Nonanone & 1.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 1.7 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one & 19.7 \(\pm\) 3.3 & 12.3 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 18.4 \(\pm\) 3.2 & 19.2 \(\pm\) 7.7 & 15.0 \(\pm\) 0.5 \\ \hline
**Benzenic compounds** & & & & \\ \hline Dimethyl benzene & 11.9 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 4.2 & 12.0 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.9 & 16.4 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.9 & 11.5 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.3 & 55.3 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 18.0 \\
1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene & 5.9 \(\pm\) 2.5 & 4.8 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 5.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 4.0 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 5.9 \(\pm\) 2.1 \\
2-Methyl-(2-propenyl)-benzene & 14.8 \(\pm\) 7.1 & 10.3 \(\pm\) 3.9 & 7.7 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 13.8 \(\pm\) 3.7 & 8.1 \(\pm\) 0.9 \\ Benzaldehyde & 81.9 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 7.4 & 89.1 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 9.6 & 76.7 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 8.5 & 50.9 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 6.4 & 407.7 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 88.9 \\ Acetophenone & 21.7 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 5.6 & 17.3 \({}^{\rm ab}\)\(\pm\) 7.0 & 11.0 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.0 & 9.3 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 1.2 & 16.8 \({}^{\rm ab}\)\(\pm\) 3.9 \\ Guaiocal & 8.4 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 1.4 & 14.0 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 6.1 & 24.6 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 5.0 & 23.5 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 6.1 & 10.0 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.0 \\ Benzyl alcohol & 27.2 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 14.8 & 17.1 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 3.3 & 12.9 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 6.2 & 8.5 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 1.3 & 742.6 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 102.6 \\ Phenylethanol & 9.6 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.1 & 6.2 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.3 & 8.2 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.9 & 8.7 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.4 & 14.3 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 3.1 \\ Phenol & 21.1 \(\pm\) 10.2 & 11.1 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 10.8 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 11.5 \(\pm\) 4.7 & 10.7 \(\pm\) 1.2 \\ Vainillin & 118.4 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 61.5 & 98.0 \({}^{\rm ab}\)\(\pm\) 20.0 & 77.9 \({}^{\rm ab}\)\(\pm\) 14.9 & 63.7 \({}^{\rm ab}\)\(\pm\) 13.1 & 49.1 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 9.1 \\ \hline
**Esters** & & & & & \\ \hline Ethyl hexanoate & 1.1 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.7 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.5 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.6 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.1 & 2.7 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 0.8 \\
2-Ethylexyl acetate & 3.6 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.3 & 3.3 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.3 & 4.3 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.4 & 3.8 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.4 & 17.4 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 0.6 \\ Ethyl octanoate & 4.8 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.9 & 4.8 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 3.3 & 4.2 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 0.5 & 4.5 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 1.7 & 28.1 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 12.3 \\ Ethyl decanoate & 11.5 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.2 & 12.9 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 2.2 & 15.7 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 1.4 & 12.6 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 1.0 & 47.4 \({}^{\rm b}\)\(\pm\) 20.2 \\ Isopropyl miristate & 20.2 \({}^{\rm c}\)\(\pm\) 6.8 & 18.0 \({}^{\rm bc}\)\(\pm\) 3.1 & 9.2 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 3.0 & 9.0 \({}^{\rm a}\)\(\pm\) 1.2 & 12.4 \({}^{\rm ab}\)\(\pm\) 3.5 \\ Isopropyl palmitate & 50.1 \(\pm\) 41.4 &These compounds come from the degradation of suberin hydrocarbon chains [21], so the presence and concentration of alkanes in corks could be influenced by factors such as the age of the cork oak, more than their geographical origin.