# Network Tower Sharing Analysis in Greece: A Structure-Conduct-Performance Approach
## 2 Literature Review
The co-existence of old and new network technologies, as well as the geographical differentiation amongst rural, urban, and suburban areas, accompanied by the related best practices suggested, e.g., outsourcing, as a strategic option for neutral network and/or service provision taking advantage of economies of scale among others, have been considered, too. As far as network tower-sharing in Ghana is concerned, authors in [16] employed the SCP approach to explore the possibilities for telecom infrastructure and services diffusion in the country. Network tower-sharing policy was introduced by the state as part of a government strategy to facilitate the expansion of telecom infrastructure all over the country, avoiding the duplication of investments. However, the results indicated that this policy was not finally successful, at least at the level that was initially expected. Approximately 40% of tower sites had only one co-locator in big cities, where multi-co-locations were anticipated, while in regional cities, MNOs chose to build their own individual towers, resulting in duplication of investments. The Structure-Conduct-Performance revealed this market misconduct, highlighting the fact that the existing market structure, which was very concentrated and characterized by the dominance of the incumbent operator, led alternative operators and new entrants to build their own infrastructure, limiting the diffusion of infrastructure in the country. The SCP paradigm implies that market structure shapes market conduct, which in turn determines market performance, establishing a one-way direction model for representing market dynamics. In that respect, the reverse direction of the causes and effects of the model is not allowed, preventing market conduct and performance to influence market structure. However, later scholars examined the existence of feedback effects [6] from conduct and performance to structure, while further contributions by [PERSON] and [PERSON] led to an extended version of the model with extra conceptual pillars addressing government policies and basic conditions, respectively [17]. The proposed two-way, interactive framework within the SCP paradigm has been adopted for the current study, as it is better suited for considering the micro-economic and research-related subjects of each industry, while it is also capable of tackling inter-industry issues [6; 9]. In addition, it is more focused on a business- and resource-oriented approach, considering enterprise strategies for the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage [1; 18]. The traditional SCP paradigm provides a one-way approach explaining how market structure determines suppliers' conduct, which in turn affects the performance of the market [19; 20]. This approach assumes that demand is fixed and predictable, while competition represents a condition [21]. The model proposes that market concentration, a major structural characteristic [22], is inversely related to competition and positively related to performance [23]. The proposed research adopts an extended version of the SCP model, including feedback effects, to enable the exploration of potential interrelationships amongst all the conceptual pillars included in the study (Figure 1). As far as market structure is concerned, a methodological approach was based on factors such as barriers to entry/exit the market, product's/service's similarity/differentiation [24], buyers and sellers' concentration, and demand's growth rate [25]. Existing research indicates that the above-mentioned factors are the most stable when studying market structure, while any other factor can be ignored when it is hard to observe or measure [26]. Conduct is revealed by strategies and organizational practices in any kind of business aspect, such as product/services, pricing policies, research and development, design and advertising, marketing and distribution, legal strategies, collusion, mergers/acquisitions, etc. [25].