## Permeate
### FO-MFC Integration
This study found that integrating an electrocatalytic-assisted MEC into AnOMBR is an excellent method for industrial-scale biofuel generation [47]. In an experiment, it was observed that the benefits of organic elimination, bioenergy production, and high-quality water recovery from wastewater are all favored by the osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC), which integrates forward osmosis into the MFC. Water-flux-aided proton advection and net positive charge (NPC)-flux-promoted countercurrent proton exchange revealed an 18.7% increase in power density over a conventional MFC in this analysis. In a three-chamber reactor with a shared anode chamber, the energy production of the OsMFC and MFC was investigated. The voltage outputs of the OsMFC and MFC were maintained at 527.5 \(\pm\) 9.4 and 470.6 \(\pm\) 20.3 mV, respectively, with an external resistance of 3000 \(\Omega\). The highest power density of the OsMFC was found to be 3.42 \(\pm\) 0.18 W/m\({}^{3}\), which was 18.7% higher than that of the stand-alone MFC (2.78 \(\pm\) 0.82 W/m\({}^{3}\)). Under varied operating circumstances, the findings of the experiment revealed that water-flux-facilitated proton advection was more essential than NPC-flux-promoted countercurrent proton exchange in regulating the power production in an OsMFC [48]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Type of Integration** & **Substrate** & **TEA** & **Application** & **Power Density and Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment** & **References** \\ \hline Aerobic Reactor & Molasses & - & Acid orange removal & 90\% removal & 52 mW/m\({}^{2}\) & [28] \\ \hline AHPB & AHPB sewage & O\({}_{2}\) & H\({}_{2}\) generation & 2.72 mol H\({}_{2}\)/mol glucose & 4200 mW/m\({}^{3}\) & [49] \\ \hline Capacitive deionization & Synthetic wastewater + sodium acetate & O\({}_{2}\) & Deionization & 0.63 V & 60\% NaCl removal & [27] \\ \hline Capacitive deionization & Synthetic wastewater & O\({}_{2}\) & COD removal & 97\% removal & 9.3 mW/m\({}^{2}\) & [27] \\ \hline Catalytic oxidation reactor & Glucose & PBS + Congo red & Congo red removal & 90\% & \\ \hline Dark fermentation + aerobic & & & & & \\ digester & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline Electric membrane bioreactor & Synthetic wastewater + glucose & O\({}_{2}\) & COD removal & 97\% removal & 111 mW/m\({}^{3}\) & [51] \\ \hline Electric membrane bioreactor & Wastewater & O\({}_{2}\) & COD removal & 95.3\% removal & 0.15 W/m\({}^{3}\) & [44] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{AD-SCMFC (1 m\({}^{3}\))} & Pretreated pharmaceutical wastewater & O\({}_{2}\) & COD removal & 35\% removal & 1.25 A/m\({}^{2}\) & [52] \\ \cline{1-1}  & & wastewater & & & \\ \hline CW-DCMFC (00 L) & Dewatered alum sludge & O\({}_{2}\) & COD removal & 92\% removal & 0.448 W/m\({}^{3}\) & [53] \\ \hline Hybrid AA/O-SCMFC (1 m\({}^{3}\)) & Domestic wastewater & O\({}_{2}\) & COD removal & 95\% removal & 0.0036 W/m\({}^{3}\) & [54] \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{Septic tank-SCMFC (18 units, 700 L) disinfection} & Domestic wastewater & O\({}_{2}\) & COD removal & 87\% removal & 0.00043 W/m\({}^{3}\) & [55] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Integrated systems of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with various techniques.