part of Luzon Island and the central-western part of the South China Sea [5; 6]. However, traditional ship-measured data are prone to local area influences, resulting in data contingency and resource consumption [7]. With the development of remote sensing technology, large-scale marine remote sensing data are now used to study upwelling events in the central and western South China Sea [8; 9]. While manual visual interpretation of remote sensing images is used to determine the occurrence of upwelling events, it is subjective in nature. Therefore, calculating the difference in SST between the target and peripheral waters to detect upwelling solves the uncertainty of manual identification but does not consider the difference in solar radiation by latitude. [PERSON] analyzed the upwelling region in the west-central South China Sea using SST data from the summer of 1996-1997 and found that upwelling in this area mainly occurred in June-September, reaching its peak in August. An anomalous cold water mass was observed along the coast of the Central South Peninsula in the summer, evolving into a cold water tongue that extended eastward along 11\({}^{\circ}\) N by mid-August 1997. This confirms the existence of an upwelling event in the west-central Sea in a short time series [10]. In contrast, [PERSON] used the Comprehensive Ocean Atmospheric Data Set (COADS) data from 1950 to 1995, combined with remotely sensed sea surface temperature data, to calculate the surface heat storage in this upwelling sea area and confirmed the existence of upwelling events in a long-term series [11].  
An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied to study the spatial and temporal distribution of upwelling events in the South China Sea. The spatial and temporal characteristics of upwelling events off the coast of Vietnam in 1997-1998 were derived, but the data span was short and did not reflect the superiority of the EOF method in the analysis of the periodic interannual variability. Wind fields can influence the variations of the sea surface temperature and upwelling events. [PERSON] discovered a negative correlation between wind speed and sea surface temperature in the upwelling region while studying the upwelling system in the southern Caribbean [12]. [PERSON] conducted a study on the variation of coastal upwelling in central California from 1982 to 2008 using ocean buoy data. The research found that there is a positive correlation between wind speed and the strength of upwelling events. Additionally, wind speed has a certain influence on the latitudinal distribution of upwelling events, demonstrating that upwelling events are closely related to atmospheric circulation [13].  
This paper proposes the use of SST data and IFREMER CERSAT global mixed mean wind field data, based on previous studies, to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of upwelling in the central and western South China Sea. To achieve this, we apply the upwelling auto-check method and EOF decomposition. Moreover, we investigate the influence of the wind field on upwelling in the region by calculating the upwelling intensity index based on the wind field characteristics combined with the correlation analysis.