# Advancing C-V2X for Level 5 Autonomous Driving from the Perspective of 3 GPP Standards
## 4 4G and NSA-Based 5G V2X Services
### System Support
#### 4.1.3 Application Layer Support  
The 3 GPP (_TS 23.286 Rel-16_) provides functional architecture, procedures, and information flows enabling the application layer of 4G & 5G based V2X applications to make efficient utilization and deployment of V2X services. Meaning thereby, the V2X VAE helps the application layer in deploying the V2X applications. However, this support depends on the fulfillment of the architectural requirements for group communication, dynamic groups, file distribution capability, message distribution, and service continuity as outlined in the aforesaid specification. Therefore, a VAE functional model and its entities are described to address the support for 4G & 5G V2X services. These entities communicate with each other through various internal interfaces such as V1, V5, Vs, Vs, Vc, PC5, Uu, etc., and external \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Platooning**} & **Scenario** & **Degree of** & **Payload** & **Tr. Rate** & **EE** & **Data** & **Comm.** \\  & **Automation** & **(Byte)** & **(message/** & **Latency** & **Reliability** & **Rate** & **Range** \\  & & & **sec)** & **(mm)** & **(mbped)** & **(m)** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Platooning**} & \multirow{6}{*}{**Scenario**} & \multirow{6}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Vehicular Platoon drives cooperatively \\ and exchanges information between groups of UEs supporting \\ V2X services. \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{6}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Lowest \\ 6000 \\ High \\ \end{tabular} } & 30 & 10-500 & 90-99.99 & 50-65 & 80-30 \\  & & & 300-400 & 30 & 25 & 90 & - & - \\  & & & 600 & 50 & 20 & - & 350 \\  & & & High & - & - & 20 & - & 65 & 180 \\  & & & & 50-1200 & 30 & 10 & 99.99 & - & 80 \\ \cline{2-8}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-8}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-8}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Extended Sensors**} & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** \\  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Remote**} & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Remote**} & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** & **Scenario** \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Advanced Driving**} & \multirow{6}{*}{**Scenario**} & \multirow{6}{*}{**Scenario**} & 2000- & \multirow{6}{*}{100} & \multirow{6}{*}{3-10} & \multirow{6}{*}{99.99} & \multirow{6}{*}{30-53} & \multirow{6}{*}{500} \\  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Legend: Tx** Transmit, **E2E**: **End** to **End**, **Comm**: **Communication**, **UL**: **Uplink**, **DL**: **Downlink**.} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: General and Scenario-based Performance Requirements to Support Advanced V2X Scenarios. reference points i.e., V2, Rx, T8, etc., (the descriptions for these interfaces can be found in _(TS 23.286 Rel-16)_). For the deployment of the VAE functional model, one may choose between centralized and distributed deployment of VAE servers in the V2X service provider domain. The application layer needs to identify the user, UE, service, group, etc., in V2X communication. In this regard, the stated specification provides identities for the stated actors.