# A 5G V2X Ecosystem Providing Internet of Vehicles +
## 4 Proposed 5G V2X Ecosystem  
This section describes the 5G V2X ecosystem proposed architecture. The fast mobility and the intense traffic in a next-generation vehicular network have motivated this work. The proposed 5G ecosystem puts the network intelligence on the SDN controller enabling the network dynamic management. Figure 3 shows the 5G V2X ecosystem proposed. It has a connection between the Baseband Unit (BBU) polls and an SDN controller. It communicates through the backhaul with the Core Network (CN) called 5G Core Network (5 GC) with the separation of the control plane from the data plane. At the CN, the Serving Gateway (S-GW) and Packet data network Gateway (P-GW) elements are unified as User Plane Function (UPF). Servers such as the V2X-Server can be enabled in the Central Office Data Center to support new services. At the CN, the SDN controller is inserted and the OpenFlow (OF) protocol is adopted [43; 44]. The OF has usually been employed and becomes a suitable alternative for 5G V2X scenarios since it enables secure and direct communication with the SDN controller. When the control plane and the data plane are separated, IP streams are routed from 5G next generation network Node Base Station (gNodeB) to UPF using the SDN controller. Figure 3: 5G V2X ecosystem. Figure 2: 5G integration with SDN. On the control plane there are the reference points N1 between the vehicle and the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), N2 between 5G-AN and the AMF, N4 between the Session Management Function (SMF), and the UPF, N5 between the Policy Control Function (PCF) and an Application Function (AF), N7 between the SMF and the PCF, N8 between the Unified Data Management (UDM) and AMF, N10 between the UDM and the SMF, N11 between the AMF and the SMF, N12 between the AMF and the Authentication Server Function (AUSF) and N13 between the AUSF and the UDM. On the data plane are the reference points N3 between 5G-AN and the UPF, N6 between the UPF and a Data Network (DN) at the cloud and N9 between two UPFs. To support V2X over 5G systems, the providing dedicated logical networks (i.e., slices) with virtualized functionalities over a common 5G physical infrastructure is presented in [45]. The 5G V2X network slicing view can logically isolate control plane and user plane. Such as in our work, the 5G architecture presented follows 3 GPP specifications composed by network functions and reference connection points, as well the four types of V2X communication modes identified as V2V, V2P, V2I and V2N. In the work, the authors report that in the CN domain, the AMF, UDM, and the AUSF can be shared among multiple slices. The UPF and SMF network functions can be dedicated per each slice. The SDN function is the remote configuration of the physical network, ensuring the resources reservation for the various slices which are being demanded by different types of V2X services. Each vehicle may require separate slices, one for each type of service, such as one slice for autonomous driving and another for entertainment on board. The vision of a preliminary 5G network slicing architecture is presented in a three-layer model (Business layer, Service layer and Infrastructure layer) with also an additional layer for management and orchestration. In our proposal, three layers are presented based on the Figure 2, with the management and orchestration functions embedded in the control layer. The practical validation through implementation is a future work. The entertainment services delivery to people on board is one of applications of the IoV. One of the problems to be treated is how to make vehicles viable as entertainment centers, ensuring high Quality of Experience (QoE). The QoE that is perceived by the user while using the multimedia services depends significantly on the network Quality of Service (QoS) [46]. Therefore, there is a need of an architecture that supports IoV, with well-established standards and also extensible to new ones [47].