## 5 Conclusions  
The study of the ocean floor is linked with data analysis, marine life monitoring, and military planning. This is because being underwater is required for all three of these activities. Because of the limits imposed on the network by its restricted capabilities, the UWSN's battery life is prioritized. Several common routing protocols, such as telnet, S-frame, and Gen-FTP, are analyzed and compared in UWSN networks with varying deployment conditions. One of the several measures investigated was energy consumption during transmission, standby, and reception and also the average transmission delay time spent for transmitting bytes. The proposed MNS-CBRP employs the LAR1 routing protocol, which spends 0.006 mWh of energy in the S-frame deployment application's transmit mode, and the STAR-LORA routing protocol, which consumes 0.019 mWh of energy in the Gen-FTP deployment application's receive mode and the OLSR routing protocol, which consumes 0.65 mWh of energy in the Telnet deployment application's receive mode. Furthermore, the transmission latency for UWSN using STAR-LORA is sixty microseconds for the Telnet deployment application. Additionally, for the Telnet deployment application, LAR1 spends 11 msec on the Telnet deployment application. Conceptualization, methodology, writing--original draft, results analysis, K.S; data collection, data analysis, writing--review and editing, results analysis, M.H; methodology, writing--review and editing, design and presentation, references, R.C. ; methodology, writing--review and editing, G.P. ; methodology, writing--review and editing, A.K. ; methodology, writing--review and editing, R.A.; methodology, writing--review and editing, M.A. ; methodology, writing--review and editing, M.A. ; methodology, writing--review and editing, M.U. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R125), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This work was also supported by King Khalid University (KKU) through the Research Group Program Under the Grant Number: (R.G.P.1/224/43). Figure 10: Time spent transmitting (m s) when deploying Telnet, S-frame, and Gen-FTP of the STAR-LORA, OLSR, and LAR1 routing protocols. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. **Acknowledgments:** This research was funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R125), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University (KKU) for funding this work through the Research Group Program Under the Grant Number: (R.G.P.1/224/43). **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. **List of Abbreviations**  
UWSNs Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks  
UAWSNs Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks  
MNS-CBRP Member Nodes Supported Cluster-Based Routing Protocol  
CH Cluster Head  
IoUT Internet of Underwater Things  
IoT Internet of Things  
PLUSNet Persistent Littoral Undresea Surveillance Network  
AUVs Autonomous Underwater Vehicles  
ROVs Remotely Operated Vehicles.