## 3 Results
### Agronomic Parameters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fresh Weight**} & **Leaf Dry Weight** & **Number of Leaves** & **Stem Diameter** & **Leaf Area** & **Height** \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & **n\({}^{*}\)** & **cm** & **cm\({}^{2}\)** & **cm** \\ \hline Control & 74.48 \(\pm\) 13.08 ab & 0.05052 \(\pm\) 0.00037 & 6.7 \(\pm\) 0.5712a & 10.97 \(\pm\) 1.198 ab & 1199 \(\pm\) 279.9 a & 145.7 \(\pm\) 16.93 \\ Leachate & 62.74 \(\pm\) 12.76 b & 0.05055 \(\pm\) 0.000491 & 6.4 \(\pm\) 0.805 do & 9.61 \(\pm\) 1.429 c & 929 \(\pm\) 278.7 b & 137.5 \(\pm\) 17.56 \\ Biochar & 79.17 \(\pm\) 11.22 a & 0.05063 \(\pm\) 0.00032 & 6.1 \(\pm\) 0.6407 b & 11.83 \(\pm\) 1.592 a & 972.8 \(\pm\) 300.4 ab & 143.9 \(\pm\) 16.08 \\ Leachate + Biochar & 68.27 \(\pm\) 7.69 a & 0.05057 \(\pm\) 0.00029 & 5.9 \(\pm\) 0.5525 b & 10.4 \(\pm\) 1.23 b & 847.6 \(\pm\) 228.6 b & 145.7 \(\pm\) 12.21 \\ \hline \(p\)-value & 0.0153 & 0.9268 & 0.0006 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.0009 & 0.3114 \\ Significance & * & ns & *** & *** & ns \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: The data in the table express the mean and standard deviation (\(\mu\pm\sigma\)) of the evaluated parameters. Those values with different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between the treatments. (\(p<\) 0.05), Very highly significant (***), Highly significant (***), Significant (*). Not significant (ns).  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Morphological variables of popcorn maize plants. corncob length (5.739 cm), diameter (2.367 cm), and popcorn yield (13.06 g plant\({}^{-1}\)). In contrast, the Biochar treatment showed the best overall performance, with higher values for corncob diameter (2.721 cm) and popcorn yield (19.02 g plant\({}^{-1}\)), and significantly greater corncob length (7.681 cm), compared to the Leachate treatment. The Leachate + Biochar treatment showed intermediate values, with partial recovery of corncob length (6.879 cm), diameter (2.655 cm), and popcorn yield (16.65 g plant\({}^{-1}\)), suggesting a mitigating effect of biochar on the negative influence of leachate. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & **Grain Weight per Corncob** & **Corncob Length** & **Corncob Diameter** & **Popcorn Yield** \\ \cline{2-5}  & **g** & **cm** & & **g Plant\({}^{-1}\)** \\ \hline Control & 20.9 \(\pm\) 6.66 a & 8.424 \(\pm\) 1.603 a & 2.773 \(\pm\) 0.26 a & 24.01 \(\pm\) 7.89 a \\ Leachate & 10.68 \(\pm\) 5.94 b & 5.739 \(\pm\) 1.286 c & 2.367 \(\pm\) 0.333 b & 13.06 \(\pm\) 7.69 c \\ Biochar & 15.12 \(\pm\) 6.84 b & 7.681 \(\pm\) 1.667 b & 2.721 \(\pm\) 0.295 a & 19.02 \(\pm\) 6.53 a \\ Leachate + Biochar & 14.14 \(\pm\) 4.17 b & 6.879 \(\pm\) 1.126 bc & 2.655 \(\pm\) 0.248 a & 16.65 \(\pm\) 4.78 bc \\ \hline \(p\)-value & \textless{}0.0001 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.0003 & \textless{}0.0001 \\ Significance & ******* & ******* & ******* & ******* \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: The data in the table express the mean and standard deviation (\(\mu\pm\)\(\sigma\)) of the evaluated parameters. Those values with different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between the treatments. (\(p\) \textless{}0.05\), Very highly significant (***), Highly significant (***).  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Corncob variables and popcorn yield. Figure 2: Pearson correlation between soil and agronomic parameters. Plant height (PH), plant diameter (PD), plant fresh weight (PFW), number of leaves per plant (NLPP), total leaf area (TLA), 100-seed weight (100 SW), number of seeds per plant (NSPP), seed length (SL), seed diameter (SD), cob length (CCL), cob weight (CCW), corncob weight (CW), corncob length (CL), corncob diameter (CD), leaf carbon (C_leaf), leaf nitrogen (N_leaf), mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), filamentous fungi and yeast (FFY), pseudomonas (PSE), actinomycetes (ACT), Bacillus (BAC), soil organic carbon (SOC), exchangeable cations (Ca_Ex, Na_Ex, Mg_Ex, K_Ex), electrical conductivity (EC).