## 3 Pre-Implementation Phase  
This phase aims to collect the data and input pre-implementation of soil improvement technique. It consists of three steps, as follows:  
1. _Input data:_ In this phase, there are three types of input data that can be collected: (i) CPT data before the application of the soil improvement technique, which is called Pre-implementation CPT data, (ii) the planned bearing capacity of soil (i.e., 35 MPa) after the implementation of the DC technique, referred to as qc\({}_{\text{planned}}\), and (iii) the DC effectiveness threshold (ET\({}_{\text{DC}}\)) for the project stakeholders. The effectiveness threshold represents the percentage of DC effectiveness (e.g., \(\geq\)90%) to be considered as acceptable. 2. _Data analysis:_ In this phase, the pre-implementation CPT data is analyzed to collect the I\({}_{\text{c}}\) values of each layer in the soil profile to identify the soil category (from 1 to 5) of each layer, which indicates the category soil improvement range values called SIR\({}_{\text{j}}\) = [min\({}_{\text{j}}\), max\({}_{\text{j}}\)] where j = 1,..,5 and represents the number of the soil category, as shown in Table 2. Furthermore, the initial bearing capacity of soil before the implementation of the DC technique is calculated, and is called qc\({}_{0}\). 3. **DC effectiveness evaluation**: The effectiveness of dynamic compaction depends on the combination of weight, rammer geometry, drop height, distance, number of drops, and total compaction energy applied. On-site experiments were conducted, and CPT tests were performed before and after compaction to determine the effectiveness of the DC technique. The effectiveness of DC is evaluated before the implementation of DC using the following equations:  
Calculate the planned improvement:  
\[\Delta qc=qc_{planned}-qc_{0} \tag{7}\]  
Evaluate the effectiveness of DC for each data point (I\({}_{\text{c}}\)) in each soil category (_j_):  
\[Eff_{j}(\text{Ic})=\left\{ \begin{array}{ll}1\,\ DC\ is\ effective\ and\ \Delta qc\leq SIR(\max)_{j}\\ 0\,\ DC\ is\ not\ effectiveand\ \Delta qc> SIR(\max)_{j}\end{array} \right. \tag{8}\]  
where,  
\(qc_{planned}\) represents the planned bearing capacity after DC implementation. \(qc_{0}\) represents the initial bearing capacity before DC implementation. \(SIR(\max)_{j}\) represents the left value of soil improvement range of soil category \(j\). Check If, DC is effective for the soil category (_j_) using the following equation:  
\[Eff_{\text{DC}}(\text{j})=\frac{\sum_{k=1}^{k=N(j)}Eff_{j}(k)}{N(j)} \tag{9}\]  
where,  
\(N(j)\) is the total number of data points under soil category (_j_) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Proposed Soil Category (_j_)** & **Zone** & **I\({}_{\text{c}}\)** & **Fine Content \%** & **Proposed SIR\({}_{\text{[min}}\), max\({}_{\text{j}}\)]** \\  & & & **Robertson and Wridge, 1998** & **(Adopted)** \\ \hline
1 & 7..9 & 1\(\leq\) 1.31 & Fine content is less than 0.5\% & [20, - 0] MPa \\
2 & 6 & 1.31\(<\) I\({}_{\text{c}}\) \(\leq\) 2.05 & Fine content is between 0.5\% and 14\% & [15-20] MPa \\
3 & 5 & 2.05\(<\) I\({}_{\text{c}}\) \(\leq\) 2.6 & Fine content is between 14\% and 35\% & [5-15] MPa \\
4 & 4 & 2.6 \(<\) I\({}_{\text{c}}\) \(\leq\) 2.95 & Fine content is between 35\% and 55\% & [1–5] MPa \\
5 & 1.2 \& 3 & 2.95 \(<\) I\({}_{\text{c}}\) & Fine content is between 55\% and 10\% & [0–1] MPa \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Proposed Soil category and maximum improvement ([PERSON], 2009 and Robertson and Wride, 1998). Then, calculate the overall effectiveness of DC for the project using the weighted average for all soil categories _(j)_:  
\[Eff_{\text{DC}}=\frac{\sum_{j=1}^{j=5}Eff_{\text{DC}}(j)*N(j)}{\sum_{j=1}^{j=5}N(j)} \tag{10}\]  
Check if \(Eff_{\text{DC}}\geq ET_{\text{DC}\rightarrow}\) go to step II.1 to proceed with the first pass (I = 1) of DC implementation  
Else, DC technique is not effective for this type of soil, and another soil consolidation technique should be selected \(\rightarrow\) go to step III.2