# An Effective and Efficient Adaptive Probability Data Dissemination Protocol in VANET
## 2 Related Works
Second, depending on the vehicular environment, in order to handle the lost messages, the technique takes into account a certain amount of message redundancy. In the continuous technique, taking into account the distance from the source node to the receiver node and farthest vehicle having the shortest time has the chance to rebroadcast the message in the message direction. This technique has the highest probability to reduce the number of forwarder nodes in the network environment, thereby helping to resolve the collision problem in the high dense network. In the end, authors propose three versions of RBP namely; RBP with a linear continuous dissemination protocol (RBP-LCD), RBP with a non-linear continuous dissemination protocol (RBP-NLCD), and RBP with the slotted protocol (RBP-S1 PD). However, the continuous technique does not fit on a safety application  
[PERSON] et al. [33] proposed the adaptive data dissemination protocol (AddP). This is kind of Multi-hop broadcasting protocol that considers the distance from neighboring vehicles and local density on candidate selection procedure. To reduce channel contention and number of redundant message the AddP use candidate selection procedure. When one vehicle fails to rebroadcast the message, the neighbor's ones should do it. The proposed protocol is based on beacon exchange in order to know the neighboring information e.g., position, angle, local density and speed. The proposed protocol uses warning message aggregation by providing network coding strategy to minimize the amount of warning message rebroadcasted. On data collection sent by nodes, the road side unit (RSU) acts as a point of collection. RSU uses the dissemination messages monitoring procedure to investigate the last message received by a node, short-time connectivity and addresses the hidden node problem in the current network. Moreover, AddP continues to suffer from high message delay since it does not show the direction of message propagation. Authors address this problem as a future work. Now, the study of the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing very rapidly and many researchers evaluate how the objects (stationary and mobile) can exchange and share data in the area of interest. VANET is one of the technologies can relay in IoT whereby vehicles and road infrastructure can communicate with each other by different means wireless technology e.g., WAVE. Authors in [34; 35], explain the idea of how different entities such as interest, physical and energy-aware in the clustering and allocating resource procedure in a machine-to-machine (M2M) communication network. This helps the adaptability of communicating different devices such as V2V in VAVET based on IoT. However, the authors in [34; 35] did not consider the mobility of the nodes. The proposed protocol differs from previous protocols as explained in this paper whereby a proposed protocol explains how a number of vehicles should be allocated to a single road segment by increasing many road segments according to vehicle density; with a small number of vehicles almost one vehicle to be assigned to a single road segment may result in overcoming the synchronization problem and avoid a collision. Nevertheless, in this paper, the redundancy ratio parameter was clarified which helps to control the rebroadcasting probability depending only on neighboring vehicles' density by considering no beacon exchange. Table 1 shows a comparison of selected protocols by examining the following features: (a) application type; (b) forwarder parameter, used to select the forwarder node; (c) simulated scenario, part of the scenario simulated; (d) beacon-based; (e) communication mode. The protocols involve  
(highlighted) to evaluate the comparative performance with proposed protocol are beacon-based such as S1 PD and AddP as well as beaconless (SEAD and delay-based).