## 3 Results and Discussion
### Overall Profile of the Microbiomes
Staphylococcus aureus (HRTS1310.1 = 0.055%; HRTS1310.2 = 0.032%) is one of the most virulent species of _Staphylococcus_, although it does not usually cause infection on healthy skin. However, complications may arise if it is permitted to enter internal tissues or the bloodstream. This species can be found in the skin and anterior part of the nostrils of adults. If circumstances allow, it may produce a wide range of diseases. These may include harmless cutaneous and mucous conditions and relatively benign infections (such as folliculitis, furunculosis, or conjunctivitis) or life-threatening diseases such as deep abscesses, osteomyelitisitis, meningitis, sepsis, endocarditis, or pneumonia (to name but a few examples) [62; 66]. The fact that _Staphylococcus aureus_ may be related to osteomyelitisitis is fascinating since, in the original bioanthropological assessment, the presence of osteomyelitis as a cause of the bone changes observed was excluded. This exclusion was argued based on the widespread distribution of the bone lesions and the absence of a sequestrum, bone surface formation of an involucrum, and the absence of a cloaca perforating the involucrum [10; 21]. All these features (i.e., bone changes) are used in the bioanthropological diagnosis of osteomyelitisitis [10; 21]. Furthermore, none of the remains' radiological and histological features credited to osteomyelitisitis were observed [21] (p. 432). The same was valid for tuberculosis or pneumonia-related bone changes: none of the abnormal bone lesions and distribution patterns allowed for the identification of those diseases in the skeleton [21] (p. 430). Other pathogenic microorganisms found are related to commonly known oral pathology bacteria. These included _Treponema lecithinolyticum_, _Actinomyces uneslundii_, and _Treponema socranskii_[53; 54; 55; 56]. These fit the profile of the oral pathology found associated with this individual: they suffered from severe bilateral mandibular abscesses, associated with the second incisor and canine and additional anemtorton tooth loss. Moreover, the results also revealed the presence of two other bacterial genera: _Actinomyces_ and _Escherichia_. The _Actinomyces_ sp. Are typically environmental bacteria. However, many actinomyces are opportunistic pathogens of humans and other mammals, particularly in the oral cavity. In rare cases, they can cause actinomycosis, a disease characterized by abscesses in the mouth, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tracts [40; 59]. Due to the manner of its impacts on the organs and its features, actinomycosis is a pathology frequently misdiagnosed and confused with neoplasia [67; 68; 69]. One of the major limitations of interpreting the microorganism detected relates to sample preservation and contamination. In some cases, it was not possible to specify the species of many of the pathogens found. In addition, many of the pathogens found were environmental/soil bacteria; hence, sample contamination via the diagenesis process, both due to the burial and taphonomy processes and/or proximity with other remains, need to be considered.