## 3 Methodology
### Relevant Website Discovery
#### 3.1.1 Automated Sampling  
The first step in this process was to acquire an up-to-date list of websites belonging to the generic Top Level Domains (gTLDs) that any person or entity is permitted to register, which are the.com,.net and.org gTLDs. The rest of original gTLDs (.int,.edu,.gov and.mil) were excluded since the study's main focus was on private activity, both commercial and non-profit. Such a list was acquired through Common Craw1 a \"non-profit organization dedicated to providing a copy of the internet to internet researchers, companies and individuals\" [24]. The acquired list concerned websites that were indexed in October 2021 thus making it appropriately relevant. In order to pinpoint websites that offered what the study required, a series of keywords were used. These keywords were \"art\", \"media\", \"entertain\" as short for entertainment and \"cult\" as short for culture. This starting point of relevant website discovery procured 449,063 Second Level Domains (SLDs), as seen in Table 1.  
In order to accomplish the above, an automated process was created. This process, which was developed in PHP, used Common Crawl's API to receive a list of domains page by page. Then it proceeded to filter out all subdomains and sub-folders and to check each domain name for the specified keywords. For domains that were available through both HTTP and the more secure HTTIPS the non-secure version was filtered out. For domains available both with the www subdomain and without, the ones with www were excluded. If no secure version was available, the non-secure one was kept. The same principle was applied with regards to the www subdomain. This procedure's flowchart can be seen in Figure 1.  
Since the websites would be required to be evaluated on their content in order to establish that they are indeed relevant to art or culture and include what may be considered reportorial content, any websites that did not support the English language were excluded. Dual language websites were accepted as long as English was the primary language. This decision was largely influenced by the fact that the English language is in a position of dominance in the Web compared to other languages [25; 26]. This is directly related to the \"digital divide\"--the inequality present in the information society which stems from the difficulty of Internet access for a significant portion of humanity [26; 27]. The language of a website was identified based on Common Crawl Index's language parameter. This reduced the number of potentially useful websites to 252,105 sites. Consequently, a number of these websites were filtered out based on the presence in their sTLD of irrelevant words that share part of them with the aforementioned keywords (i.e., earth, heart, quarter, smart, chart, part, etc.) The next step in narrowing down the number of websites that had to be evaluated was identifying their popularity. Even though the World Wide Web is full of interesting art blogs, cultural publications, artist collectives and more, it is expected that the most popular websites are the ones that have the most impact and the ones worth focusing on. In order to assess each site's popularity, Alexa's Web Information Service was used. Alexa Internet is an Amazon.com company providing insight on site popularity for more than 25 years [28]. The Web Information Service provides information about web sites through the use of a Web services API. Part of this information is the rank of almost 10 million websites based on traffic in the last 90 days. An automated process that used Alexa's Web Information Service through API requests was implemented in order to gather information for all the websites in our database. After eliminating all low-traffic websites, a total of 16,616 websites remained.