# Deep Learning Resolves Representative Movement Patterns in a Marine Predator Species
## 4 Results
### Understanding Representative Trajectory Segments  
To understand the representative trajectory segments, we examined the locations where the representative segments took place. Figure 4a presents a heat map that shows the locations of the representative segments, where red indicates the most concentrated regions and green indicates the least concentrated regions. As the heat map shows, most segments are near the coastlines of Antarctica and nearby islands. The enlarged satellite images from Google Maps in Figure 4b-e show the segments as red spots. These enlarged images show that the segments are mostly on land and sometimes in water. In addition, the locations on land are concentrated. The seals are likely to go to the same place on the land after returning from various trips. The red spots on land clearly indicate the seals' colonies.  
The histogram in Figure 5 shows the relationship between time of the year and RES, i.e., illustrating the fraction of RES for each day of the year. We also plot the monthly average temperature at the Casey Station, which is representative of the relative temperature in the region over time. From this figure, we can see that RES are less frequent in May (autumn) when seals are at sea, and more frequent in January until March, tying in with the period of the mould when seals are spending time ashore or very close to shore.  
As suggested by previous research, coastal polynyas are important habitats for juvenile male seals [34]. In this experiment, the representative trajectory segments usually took place near coastal land and belong to male seals. Thus, such segments could be related to their habitat activities. In addition, these recurring segment patterns are likely to be associated with the memory system of these seals, which is also in accordance with previous research [35]. Specifically, because RES and temperature are positively correlated, and RES contain lots of short near coastline trips, they appear to be related to periods when the young male seals are ashore for molting or resting. The transmitters were attached near the end of the molting period when the seals' old fur has been shed and the new fur has largely regrown. Some juveniles/sub-adult seals also come ashore between April and August to rest.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Confidence Level** & **Top 10\%** & **Top 20\%** & **Top 30\%** & **All** \\ \hline RNN-CM & 91.1\% [100\%] & 85.2\% [100\%] & 79.4\% [99.5\%] & 54.6\% [59.0\%] \\ Random Forest & 83.5\% [99.5\%] & 78.4\% [94.4\%] & 72.1\% [85.8\%] & 57.0\% [65.4\%] \\ Linear SVM & 85.6\% [100.0\%] & 78.8\% [100.0\%] & 75.2\% [100.0\%] & 49.8\% [48.3\%] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: The accuracy of classification based on the proposed representative segments (male segment fraction of all the high confidence segments) as determined by different algorithms on segments extracted from a trajectory using a \(T\)-hour (\(T=6\)) sliding window.  
Figure 4: Locations of the representative trajectory segments (Approximate area size), [[https://www.google.com/maps](https://www.google.com/maps)]([https://www.google.com/maps](https://www.google.com/maps)) Map data © ©2018 Imagery ©2018 NASA ©2018 Google Terms of Use.