# Sustainable and Reliable Information and Communication Technology for Resilient Smart Cities
## 6 oupPLUS: The Quality Assurance View on Smart Cities
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**SAP-Name:** & **Possible Protocols (Protocol Stacks) and Additional Standards for the SAP Implementation** \\
**Description** & **Cloud control protocols: (1) OpenStack Representational State Transfer (REST) Application Programming Interface (API), (2)** \\  & SOAP (HTTP over TCP/IP or User Datagram Protocol (UDP)), (3) Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) with the Internet Inter-ORB protocol (IiOP) over TCP/IP), (4) Transport Layer Security (TLS) over Worldwide \\ CTL-SAP: & Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term \\ Control SAP & Evolution (LTE), or Wireless fidelity (WiFi) \\ Control SAP & Database/ Data warehouse Control Protocol (Stack): (1) Structured Query Language (SQL) commands, (2) Open Network \\  & Computing (ONC) Remote Procedure Call (RPC), (3) Open Cloud Computing Interface for Cloud API \\  & Further Standards: (1) Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) for communication with Charging Management System (CMS) and charging station, (2) Open Smart Charging Protocol 1.0 (for 24h-prediction integration) for smart grid and CMS, (3) Smart Energy Profile Application Protocol (P2030.5) \\ \hline MTD-SAP: & Metadata harvesting protocols: (1) Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) using the \\  & Extensible Markup Language (XML) (2) Web Catalogue Service (CSW) of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the \\  & European Community (INSPIRE) \\ MTD-SAP: & Service and metadata discovery protocols: (1) Message Protocol v4.0 of the centrally managed distributed data exchange \\ Metadata SAP & layer (X-ROAD), (2) Object Name Service (ONS) for authoritative metadata and services associated with a given id-key \\ API for meta-data access (1) CKAN API using JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) \\  & Meta-models: (1) Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT), (2) Common Warehouse Meta-model (CWM), (3) DCAT Application \\  & Profile (DCAT-AP), (4) Open Graph Protocol (OGP) for describing Web objects, (5) Resource Description Framework (RDF) \\ \hline DX-SAP-Data: & Data Transfers Protocol Stack: (1) Remote Direct Memory Access protocol over Converged Ethernet (RocE), (2) FTP or SFTP or others/WiMAX directed wireless using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), (3) NFS (Network File System), (4) Kafka (data and meta-data) API [51] \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{DSD-SAP:  Data Sources Data Sources Data SAPI} & Standard Messaging Protocol Stack: (1) direct device-to-device messaging with Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) \\  & optimized for IoT, (2) Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQIT), (3) Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) for peer-to-peer (P2P) and publish/suspense communication, (4) Thread [52] over TCP/IP, (5) telecontrol (IEC 60870-5-104), (6) Data Distribution Service (DDS) for real-time systems, (7) Next Generation Sensor Initiative – Linked Data (NCSI-LD) \\  & Wireless Messaging Protocols (1) CoAP, MQTT, AMQP, threads or IEC 60870-5-104 over standard mobile networks such as \\ \cline{2-3}  & General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), WiMAX, LTE or UMTS \\ \cline{2-3}  & Streaming Data Protocols: (1) Advanced Video Coding (AVS) with H.246 over Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) for \\ \cline{2-3}  & video/streaming data \\ \cline{2-3}  & Stream Establishment/Connection Negotiation/Control: (1) Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Session Description Protocol (SDP), (2) (Secure) RealTime Control Protocol ((S)RTCP) for secure connection negotiation), (3) Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) for video play pause control, (4) Program and System Information Protocol (PSIF) for television (and other) metadata \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{RWD-SAP:  Raw Data SAP} & Short Range Wireless Small Device Messaging Protocols: (1) IoT protocols for small devices, e.g., sensor including CoAP, \\  & Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), or IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6 LoWPAN), (2) Zigbee [37], (3) MQTT for Sensor networks (MQTT-SN), (4) MQTT as legacy solution with bigger overhead, \\ \cline{2-3}  & Thread or Z-aware [53] to connect and control products at home \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wide Range Wireless Small Device Messaging Protocol: (1) LoRaWAN for wireless battery-operated things in regional, \\ \cline{2-3}  & national or global network, (2) narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), (3) LTE Machine Type Communication (LTE-MTC), (4) Extended \\ \cline{2-3}  & Coverage GSM IoT (EC-GSM-IoT) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wired Small Device Messaging Protocols: (1) Modbus [54], (2) Controller Area Network (CAN), (3) RS-485 protocol by the \\ \cline{2-3}  & Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Specific Raw Data Protocols: (1) low energy Bluetooth for control of video signal, (2) Lightweight machine-to-machine \\ \cline{2-3}  & communication (LwM2M) of the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) for coordination of small devices, (3) Simple Sensor Interface (SSI) for simple direct access from PCs to sensors, (4) Lightweight Local Automation Protocol (LLAP) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Further Standards: (1) Direct Charging (DC) charging points (IEC 61851-24), (2) Sensor Model Language (SensorML), \\ \cline{2-3}  & Static Device Management Protocols (Stack): (1) Secure Shell over TCP or UDP (widely used to have a direct connection \\ \cline{2-3}  & with a device/PC/server/machine), (2) Telnet for interactive text-oriented communication (legacy solution, pre-SSH), (3) TR-069 for remote management of customer-perness equipment by the Broadband Forum, (4) Simple Network \\ \cline{2-3}  & MGM-SAP: & Mobile/Small Device Management Protocols (Stack): (1) Mobile Device Management (MDM) protocol for dedicated mobile \\ \cline{2-3}  & Machine & device management [55], (2) OMA Device Management via XML with the Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) or Wireless \\ \cline{2-3}  & Management SAP & Application Protocol (WAP) over HTTP, the Object Exchange (OBE) protocol and over wireline like Universal Serial Bus (USB) or Serial Interface (RS-232) and/or over wireless media like Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), \\ \cline{2-3}  & Code-division multiple devices (CDMA), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), or Bluetooth), (3) LwM2M, (4) Java 2 enterprise \\ \cline{2-3}  & edition (J2 EE) Mobile Device Management and Monitoring (JSR 233), (5) Open Trust Protocol (OTiP) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Network Management Protocols Stack: (1) SNMP, (2) TR-069 \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{BCN-SAP:  Beacon and Near Field} & Bilateral/Cluster Beacon and Near Field protocols: (1) Hypercat [56], (2) Physical Web, (3) Multicast Domain Name System \\ \cline{2-3}  & (mDNS), (4) Universal Plug and Play (UPDP) \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & Unilateral Beacon and Near Field Protocols: (1) Near Field Communication (NFC) (newer, more data can be transferred), (2) \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & Field SAP & Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) (widely used) \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & Other Bilateral/Cluster BCN Protocols: (1) Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol (TSMP), (2) LwM2M v1.0 for coordination \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & &  
\end{table}