## 2 State-of-Art Review
### The Effect of Varying RFA Incorporation Ratio on Environmental Impact of Concrete
#### 2.3.2 Life Cycle Assessment of RFA in Concrete
[103]} & \multirow{2}{*}{Serbia} & & \(1.43\times 10^{-3}\) & & \(2.78\times 10^{-7}\) & \(1.64\times 10^{-5}\) & \(2.02\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.48\times 10^{-65}\) \\  & & & \(2.12\times 10^{-3}\) & & \(4.15\times 10^{-7}\) & \(2.42\times 10^{-5}\) & \(3.01\times 10^{-6}\) & \(2.19\times 10^{-5}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Korre and Durucan [16]} & \multirow{8}{*}{UK} & & \(9.30\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{-10}\) & \(4.58\times 10^{-7}\) & \(5.85\times 10^{-6}\) & \(4.35\times 10^{-7}\) \\  & & & \(3.29\times 10^{-3}\) & \(4.50\times 10^{-10}\) & \(1.20\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.89\times 10^{-5}\) & \(1.07\times 10^{-6}\) \\  & & & \(2.16\times 10^{-3}\) & \(3.19\times 10^{-10}\) & \(7.35\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.20\times 10^{-5}\) & \(6.87\times 10^{-7}\) \\  & & & \(1.85\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.14\times 10^{-10}\) & \(9.85\times 10^{-7}\) & \(1.03\times 10^{-5}\) & \(5.90\times 10^{-7}\) \\  & & & \(3.79\times 10^{-2}\) & \(8.50\times 10^{-6}\) & \(5.40\times 10^{-5}\) & \(6.77\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.04\times 10^{-4}\) \\  & & & \(3.80\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.78\times 10^{-10}\) & \(5.40\times 10^{-5}\) & \(6.77\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.04\times 10^{-4}\) \\ \[PERSON] et al. [18] & \multirow{2}{*}{Serbia} & \multirow{2}{*}{Serbia} & & \(1.43\times 10^{-3}\) & & \(2.82\times 10^{-7}\) & \(1.64\times 10^{-5}\) & \(2.02\times 10^{-6}\) \\  & & & \(1.60\times 10^{-3}\) & & \(1.70\times 10^{-6}\) & \(7.80\times 10^{-7}\) & & \(3.00\times 10^{-2}\) \\  & & & \(7.00\times 10^{-4}\) & & \(3.80\times 10^{-10}\) & \(5.00\times 10^{-5}\) & & \(1.24\times 10^{-3}\) \\  & & & \(1.01\times 10^{-9}\) & \(1.23\times 10^{-2}\) & \(8.50\times 10^{-7}\) & \(4.90\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.36\times 10^{-4}\) & \(2.58\times 10^{-5}\) & \(1.68\times 10^{-1}\) \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Recycled Fine Aggregates**} \\ \hline Braga [102] & Portugal & \(2.12\times 10^{-10}\) & \(7.44\times 10^{-3}\) & \(1.60\times 10^{-10}\) & \(2.14\times 10^{-6}\) & \(4.05\times 10^{-5}\) & \(9.28\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.08\times 10^{-1}\) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [103] & \multirow{2}{*}{Serbia} & & \(2.28\times 10^{-3}\) & & \(7.03\times 10^{-7}\) & \(2.49\times 10^{-5}\) & \(3.01\times 10^{-6}\) & \(2.59\times 10^{-5}\) \\  & & & \(3.38\times 10^{-3}\) & & \(1.18\times 10^{-6}\) & \(3.61\times 10^{-5}\) & \(4.34\times 10^{-6}\) & \(3.95\times 10^{-5}\) \\ \hline Korre and Durucan [16] & \multirow{2}{*}{UK} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(2.42\times 10^{-3}\)} & \(2.83\times 10^{-10}\) & \(8.00\times 10^{-7}\) & \(1.21\times 10^{-5}\) & \(7.06\times 10^{-7}\) & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [18] & \multirow{2}{*}{Serbia} & & \(1.74\times 10^{-3}\) & & \(3.40\times 10^{-7}\) & \(2.00\times 10^{-5}\) & \(2.47\times 10^{-6}\) & \\ \hline Average & & \(2.12\times 10^{-10}\) & \(3.45\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.22\times 10^{-10}\) & \(1.03\times 10^{-6}\) & \(2.67\times 10^{-5}\) & \(3.96\times 10^{-6}\) & \(3.60\times 10^{-2}\) \\ \hline \hlineAccordingly, it could be concluded that, as shown in Table 5, the effect of the incorporation % of RFA on the resulting EI of concrete is linear to the difference in transportation distances between natural aggregates and RFA. The equations for the different indicators Y could now be calculated as the impact for 1 kg of fine aggregates concrete based on % incorporation (X) of RFA where D1 and D2 are the distance of transportation in km for natural aggregates and RFA, respectively.