### Conceptual Framework and Related Work
#### 1.2.1 Research Stream 1: Personality and Technology Acceptance
In addition, it was found that while neuroticism was negatively related to beliefs about the perceived usefulness of technology, agreeableness was positively related to beliefs about the perceived usefulness of technology. With respect to possible gender differences, the authors conclude that gender does not play a role in their research model and results. Further details on gender-specific analyses are not reported in the paper. [PERSON] et al. [13], drawing upon the two earlier papers, examined \"the degree to which users' assessments of the core constructs of TAM are influenced by their personality\" [13] (p. 323). Major results of the study are: extraversion was positively related to behavioral intention to use a technology, and this effect was mediated by the TAM beliefs (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and subjective norm). Conscientiousness was positively related to behavioral intention to use a technology for individuals interested in the application domain, and this effect was again mediated by the TAM beliefs. The positive association of emotional stability (opposite of neuroticism) with behavioral intention to use a technology was not mediated by the TAM beliefs. Finally, it was found that openness to experience was positively related to perceived ease of use. We emphasize that despite the fact that this study draws upon an impressive sample size (\(N=1004\) survey respondents) along with a mixed-gender sample, no gender analyses are reported in the study. In the next recent paper in this research stream, [PERSON] et al. [10] argue that \"[u]ntil recently [...] the role of personality in general, and the five-factor model (FFM) of personality in particular, had remained largely unexplored [and hence their] study takes an interactional psychology perspective, linking components of the FFM to the use of technology within the conceptual framework of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology\" [10] (p. 374). Major results of this study are: conscientiousness was positively related to technology usage, both actual and perceived. Behavioral intention to use the technology partially mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and technology usage. Finally, it was found that neuroticism was negatively related to technology usage, both actual and perceived. Note that [PERSON] et al. [10] indicate that future research could investigate the role of gender in the personality-TA relationship. This statement also served as a motivation to conduct the present study. Next to the already mentioned works, we could also find a paper on the association between the big five and TA with regard to the smartphone [26]. The study found that agreeableness and openness were positively related to perceived ease of use, while neuroticism was negatively related to perceived usefulness. 2. Research Stream 2: Gender Differences in Attitude toward and Usage of Information and Communication Technologies  
[PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [27] conducted a meta-analysis on gender and attitudes toward technology use (\(N=50\) articles published in the period between 1997 to 2014). The main finding of this study was that men held more favorable attitudes toward technology use than women, but this difference was characterized by a small effect size. Because attitude towards an object influences perception of that object and interaction behavior with that object, in the following we report research findings on gender differences in technology perception, behavioral intentions to use technology, and actual usage behavior. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] reviewed gender differences in technology use and they structured their review along application areas.