# Mode Choice Effects on Bike Sharing Systems
## 4 Descriptive Statistics and Modelling Approach
### Descriptive Statistics  
Respondents from the subsample recruited via randomly generated phone numbers (see subsample 2 in Table 3), who indicated to use a BSS, are considered BSS-users in the following analytical procedure (\(n\) = 11). Information on the distribution of selected  
Figure 4: Illustration of capacity utilization (illustrations taken from [PERSON] et al. [19]). Figure 5: Example of a choice task. socio-demographic characteristics and the frequency of chosen transport modes in the choice experiment for both subsamples and the whole sample are presented in Table 3.  
Around 58% of all participants were BSS users and 42% are non-users. Users were more often males (64.1%) than non-users (41.3%). For the whole sample, the gender proportion was more balanced with 54.5% males and 45.5% females. BSS users belonged remarkably more often to younger age groups than non-users. Again, the proportion between young adults (18-30 years; 47.3%) and middle-aged persons (31-65 years; 41.8%) was more balanced for the whole sample. There are only a few observations of people in the retired age group (66-94 years): 0% for BSS-users, 26% for non-users and around 11% for the whole sample. Furthermore, around 89% of the user-sample lives in cities, 9% in larger towns and around 2% in small municipalities. This fits well with the automatically tracked renting numbers of VRNnextbike [40]. The non-user sample includes more respondents from larger towns (25%) and small municipalities (around 11%). In summary, there is socio-demographic variation in the data, and it can be assumed that evaluations from people with different socio-demographic characteristics are considered in the analysis. Concerning mode choice situations, respondents from the user sample most often chose the BSS (around 60%), followed by PT (around 32%) and PMT (9%). Non-users also preferred the BSS (64%), however, followed by PMT (37%) and PT (22%). Covariates in the behavioural experiment are based on RP-data for subsample 1, respondents recruited during the CATI, and on aggregated empirical figures for subsample 2, respondents recruited from the random phone number sample. Table 4 presents the empirical distribution of these covariates as included in the experiment. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mode** & **Attribute** & **min** & **1 st Qu.** & **Median** & **Mean** & **3 rd Qu.** & **Max** \\ \hline BSS & access and egress time [min] & 1.0 & 4.0 & 6.0 & 6.3 & 10.0 & 49.0 \\  & travel time [min] & 1.0 & 6.0 & 10.0 & 12.4 & 15.0 & 108.0 \\  & travel costs [EUR] & 0.0 & 0.0 & 1.0 & 1.2 & 1.8 & 10.8 \\ \hline PMT & travel time incl. parking [min] & 6.0 & 12.0 & 15.0 & 15.8 & 19.0 & 46.0 \\  & fuel costs [EUR] & 0.1 & 0.2 & 0.6 & 0.7 & 1.2 & 6.2 \\  & parking costs [EUR] & 0.6 & 0.8 & 3.2 & 2.7 & 3.3 & 4.8 \\ \hline PT & access and egress time [min] & 0.0 & 4.0 & 6.0 & 7.0 & 9.0 & 41.0 \\  & travel time [min] & 1.0 & 6.0 & 9.0 & 10.5 & 14.0 & 64.0 \\  & travel costs [EUR] & 0.0 & 0.0 & 1.8 & 1.8 & 2.9 & 7.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Empirical distribution of covariates in a choice experiment. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Character** & **BSS-Users** & **BSS Non-User** & **Whole Sample** \\ \hline Sample size & 128 (58\%) & 92 (42\%) & 220 \\ Gender & & & \\ Male & 64.1\% & 41.3\% & 54.5\% \\ Female & 35.9\% & 58.7\% & 45.5\% \\ Age & & & \\
18–30 yr & 71.1\% & 14.1\% & 47.3\% \\
31–65 yr & 28.9\% & 59.8\% & 41.8\% \\
66–94 yr & 0\% & 26.1\% & 10.9\% \\ Home Municipality & & & \\ City & 89.1\% & 64.1\% & 78.6\% \\ Larger town & 9.4\% & 25.0\% & 15.9\% \\ Smaller town & 1.6\% & 10.9\% & 5.5\% \\ Chosen alternative & & & \\ BSS & 760 (59.6\%) & 373 (41.1\%) & 1133 (51.9\%) \\ PMT & 111 (8.7\%) & 333 (36.7\%) & 444 (20.3\%) \\ PT & 405 (31.7\%) & 202 (22.2\%) & 607 (27.8\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Relative frequency distribution of selected sample characteristics.