## 1 Introduction  
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has made it a foundational pillar of innovation in many important sectors such as healthcare [1], finance [2], education [3], and transportation [4]. As AI systems advance, with increasingly efficient underlying algorithms and computational power, their impact on society deepens, presenting a wide range of ethical challenges and potential risks [5]. These challenges pertain to the ethical governance of AI systems, the extent of human oversight, and ensuring that these systems adhere to ethical standards [6]. The potential for AI systems to behave unpredictably and in ways that may contradict human values is a growing concern, especially when these systems are designed to evolve or operate autonomously [7]. Furthermore, scenarios where AI agents compete for limited resources or an AI arms race could escalate tensions and further exacerbate these risks [8]. To address these challenges, the concept of AI alignment has emerged as a significant area of research. AI alignment refers to the process of developing AI systems that not only perform their intended tasks effectively, but also operate in a way that is compatible with human values and ethical principles [6; 9]. Robust AI alignment is essential to mitigate the risks of complex autonomous AI systems, yet the field faces significant limitations [9]. AI alignment techniques are still in their early stage of development and often lack the robustness required to effectively address the full range of potential risks [9]. Current approaches cannot keep up with the rapidly evolving AI landscape, highlighting the need for better ethical oversight and improved governance of these systems [10]. Alongside these developments, blockchain has emerged as another transformative technology that is attracting increasing attention for its potential role in AI alignment [11]. The decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain can enhance the transparency, traceability, and accountability of AI systems, thus improving their trustworthiness and ethical governance [12]. However, despite its potential, there remains a lack of comprehensive literature that systematically analyzes the role of blockchain in AI alignment, particularly with regard to its ethical implications. This gap highlights our pivotal research question: _To what extent can blockchain technology, with its unique properties, provide a reliable solution for effectively addressing the challenges of AI alignment?_ Blockchain is known for its potential to improve security, transparency, and trust in various domains, such as supply chain [13], circular economy [14], or business processes [15]. These attributes could be used to provide a reliable and ethical framework for AI systems, ensuring that they are aligned with human values and subject to effective oversight [11; 12]. This systematic review of the literature aims to explore this intersection of blockchain technology and AI alignment by systematically examining the existing research and to evaluate the potential of blockchain to address current limitations in the context of AI alignment. In particular, it will analyze the potential of blockchain to increase the safety of AI systems, reinforce their compliance with ethical standards, and provide a framework for developing innovative AI alignment techniques. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, this paper identifies the benefits and challenges of integrating blockchain with AI alignment, categorizes existing approaches, and proposes a framework to guide future research in this emerging field. By addressing this key research question, the review contributes to both scientific and practical discussionson the development of AI systems that are not only powerful and effective, but also aligned with the ethical values of human society.