esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Summary  
In this paper, the electronic structures, magnetic structures and moments, elastic constants, formation energies, and cohesive energies are calculated for ZrRhTiZ (Z = Al, Ga) quaternary Heusler compounds. Based on the obtained results, we predicted that ZrRhTiZ (Z = Al, Ga) quaternary Heusler compounds are half-metallic materials. These two compounds are among the rare SQH compounds with half-metallicity that contain 4d transition metal elements. The investigations on the effects of US and TD show that the half-metallicity is robust to US and TD. The half-metallicity can be sustained over  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**SQH** & \(C_{\text{II}}\) & \(C_{\text{II}}\) & \(C_{\text{II}}\) & \(C_{\text{III}}\) & \(B\) & \(G\) & \(E\) & **B/G** & **Formation** & **Cohesive** & **Anisotropy** \\  **Compound** & & & & & & & & **Energy** & **Energy** & **Factor** \\ \hline ZrRhTiAl & 157.060 & 116.435 & 74.521 & 129.977 & 44.441 & 57.920 & 2.925 & \(-\)2.632 & 22.279 & 3.669 \\ \hline ZrRhTiGa & 150.857 & 117.550 & 79.645 & 128.652 & 32.073 & 47.895 & 4.011 & \(-\)2.738 & 21.384 & 2.981 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Calculated elastic constants \(C_{\text{II}}\), bulk modulus \(B\), shear modulus \(G\), Young’s modulus \(E\) (GPa), Pugh’s ratio \(B/G\), anisotropy factor \(A\), and formation and cohesive energies (eV) for the stoichiometric quaternary Heusler (SQH) compounds ZrRhTiAl and ZrRhTiGa.  
a wide lattice constant range of 6.09 A-6.61 A for ZrRhTiAl and 6.03 A-6.75 A for ZrRhTiGa. Under TD, the range of c/a ratio maintaining the half-metallicity is 0.96-1.06 for ZrRhTiAl and 0.92-1.12 for ZrRhTiGa, respectively. The calculated elastic parameters are listed in this paper for ZrRhTiZ (Z = Al, Ga) compounds to help understand their mechanical properties.  
Conceptualization, W.L. and G.L.; methodology, X.Z.; validation, H.J.; formal analysis, X.D.; investigation, W.L.; writing--original draft preparation, W.L.; writing--review and editing W.L., R.K. and G.L.; project administration, G.L.  
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (No. 16 JCYBJC17200) and the 333 Talent Project of Hebei Province (No. A2017002020).  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# Reliable Integrity Preservation Analysis of Video Contents with Support of Blockchain Systems
## 2 Related Works
However, this approach is unable to discriminate in cases in which multimedia contents are preserved without any multimedia modification, even though the video is retouched by some video editing tool; for example, file format converting from AVI to MP4. On contrary, the scheme proposed in this article is designed to discriminate in cases in which multimedia contents are preserved without any multimedia modification, even after the video is retouched by a video editing tool. Due to the immutability of data stored in the blockchain system [27], a few recent studies [28; 29; 30; 31] exploit the blockchain system to trace the integrity of video. A blockchain is a digital ledger system that is duplicated and distributed across the network of computer systems, which makes it quite difficult to break. The most expensive resource in the blockchain system is to store a record permanently, because all computers in the blockchain system cooperate to make a consensus and store the record separately in their ledger storage [32]. The method of [PERSON] et al. [28] stores the hash value of each video file in the blockchain system, and protects unauthorized changes by comparing the hash value of the target video with the hash value stored in the blockchain system. The method of [PERSON] et al. [29] stores the hash of video segments in chronological order while recording videos in the digital devices. This approach belongs to active intrusive approach and suffers from frequent expensive record operations of the blockchain system, where authentication information is embedded in the blockchain system instead of multimedia contents. The method of [PERSON] et al. [30] stores the hash values of captured scenes and suffers from frequent record operations of the blockchain system, similar to the method of [PERSON] et al. [28]. This method segments the continuous stream of captured scenes, calculates their hash value and stores them periodically in the permissioned private blockchain system. The method of [PERSON] et al. [31] automatically selects the key frames of target videos with support of the deep learning technique and stores their hash values in the blockchain system in order to guarantee the integrity of the key frames. However, all of these approaches have drawbacks that cannot discriminate in cases where multimedia contents are preserved without any multimedia modification after the video has been retouched by some video editing tool. The scheme proposed in this article is designed to overcome this drawback by storing the transforming history of videos in the blockchain system. Additionally, the proposed scheme requires one-time record operation with short data for a video file to store its integrity analysis result, whereas most of the previous methods [29; 30; 31] require frequent record operations with large data on the blockchain system.
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Threats to Validity  
The obtained results are affected by the choice of the database; to reduce this effect, we use different databases that we believe contain the most relevant studies published in the federated learning domain. Furthermore, the choice of the search terms affects the obtained results and can be considered a threat; we used different alternative synonyms to reduce the effect of this threat.  
Another potential limitation is that this work focuses on studies that provide communication efficiency by decreasing the number of rounds or bits transmitted, while there might be other studies that offer communication efficiency from other aspects.
## 5 Discussions
### Emerging Directions and Practical Considerations for IoE Security
#### 5.5.3 Regulatory and Interdisciplinary Perspectives  
IoE security inherently spans multiple sectors, healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, and beyond, making regulatory compliance and interdisciplinary collaboration vital. Compliance with data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) must be embedded into the design of security frameworks from the outset, ensuring lawful processing, user consent management, and auditability. Moreover, effective IoE security requires collaboration between cybersecurity specialists, AI researchers, communication engineers, and policymakers. Establishing such cross-disciplinary ecosystems will accelerate the translation of theoretical frameworks into deployable, sector-specific solutions.
## 6 Performance Evaluation  
### Two-User System  
In this section, we discuss the simulated results comparison between the proposed R-IBFD and DF-IBFD cooperative communication system. For the simulation of the systems' comparison, Rayleigh flat fading channel and 16 QAM has been considered. Other numerical values that have been used for the simulation are given as: \(d_{a1}\) = 0.2 m, \(d_{12}\) = 0.8 m, \(\gamma\) = 2, \(P_{T}\) = 1 W, \(P_{1}\) = 0.2 W and \(P_{2}\) = 0.8 W. In this paper, Matlab is used as a simulation tool for the comparison between the proposed and the baseline scheme.  
For the fair comparison between R-IBFD and DF-IBFD, all selected parameters are the same including AN. The only difference is the interference level during the IBFD mode in both techniques.  
Figure 5 shows the comparison for the secrecy outage probability offered by DF-IBFD and R-IBFD. In Figure 5 the transmitted powers of Alice \(P_{1}\) and the relay \(P_{2}\) are chosen according to the NOMA power allocation strategy. To show the different responses with respect to the number of \(K\) relays present for selection, we simulated the results for \(K\) = 1, 2 and 4. SOP result for both algorithms decreases with the increase of SNR. However, R-IBFD outperforms DF-IBFD, due to less interference in the R-IBFD. For the proposed technique, the \(\zeta_{1e}\) is approximately equal to 0 due to high interference at Eve. According to the derived equation of outage probability \(\zeta_{1e}\), must be greater than zero. Therefore, for simulation purpose we have considered \(\zeta_{re}\) = 0.1 for R-IBFD.  
Figure 6 shows the increasing throughput with SNR for DF-IBFD and R-IBFD schemes. To demonstrate a diverse scenario with respect to the number of relays \(K\), this paper presents the results for \(K\) = 1, 2 and 4. Throughput of R-IBFD is higher due to its low SOP as compared to DF-IBFD algorithm. It can be seen from the figures that with \(K\) = 4 the throughput is optimum. The level of throughput depends on the relay(s) selection. Additionally, the proposed R-IBFD with \(K\) = 2 performs better than DF-IBFD with \(K\) = 4. Minimum interference in R-IBFD makes it reliable. It is due to the fact that in R-IBFD, the message signal uses half bandwidth for the transmission comparatively.
# An Image-Encryption Algorithm Based on Stage-Merging Bit Scrambling
## 3 Security Analysis
### Robustness  
During the transmission of cipher images, there may be data loss or noise pollution. If the robustness of the image-encryption algorithm is not strong, the corresponding decrypted image may lose the original information completely. In order to test the robustness of the proposed algorithm, the cropping attack and noise attack on cipher images are tested.  
The cipher image is decrypted after 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 regions are cropped, and the results are shown in Figure 11. The first row shows the cropped cipher images of different regions, and the second row shows the corresponding decrypted images. Although the cipher images have different degrees of data loss, the decryption images can still restore some information, indicating that the algorithm can resist cropping attacks to a certain extent.  
Cipher images of Lena were processed with different intensities of salt and pepper noise (SPN), speckle noise (SN), and Gaussian noise (GN), and then decrypted, as shown in Figure 12. With the increase in noise intensity, the decoded images become less clear. Among them, the decrypted images processed by SPN have only a few noise points, and the decryption quality is good. In addition, SN and GN have a great influence on the decryption quality, but the rough outline of the original image can still be recognized.  
The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) between the plain image and the decrypted image can be used to evaluate the strength of the robustness. Its formula is as follows [23]:  
\[\text{PSNR}=10\times\text{log}_{10}(\frac{255^{2}}{\text{MSE}}) \tag{25}\]  
\[\text{MSE}=\frac{1}{M\times N\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N}[C_{1}( i,j)-C_{2}(i,j)]^{2}} \tag{26}\]  
where MSE represents the mean square error, \(C_{1}\) represents the plain image, and \(C_{2}\) represents the decrypted image after the attack.  
Figure 11: The results of a cropping attack: (**a**) cipher images with 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 data loss; (**b**) decrypted images of (**a**).  
Figure 13 shows the PSNR test results of Lena under different intensity cropping and noise attacks. In the cropping attack, the PSNR of this algorithm is higher than that in [4] and lower than that in [7;8], but the gap is small. In the noise attack, this algorithm has the highest PSNR and the best ability to resist SPN, SN, and GN attacks.  
Figure 12: The results of a noise attack (**a**) SPN with density = 0.001; (**b**) SN with variance = 0.00001; (**c**) GN with mean = 0 and variance = 0.00001; (**d**) SPN with density = 0.01; (**e**) SN with variance = 0.0001; (**f**) GN with mean = 0 and variance = 0.0001.  
Figure 13: The PSNR test results of Lena (**a**) cropping attack; (**b**) SPN [4]; (**c**) SN [7]; (**d**) GN [8].
# High-Precision Roller Supported by Active Magnetic Bearings
## 4 Basic Performance Test of Precision Roller with Magnetic Bearings
### Vibration Performance of Roller under Radial Loads  
A load was applied through the idle roller onto the printing roller and its value was measured using a load cell attached to the fixture of the idle roller. Figure 8 shows the results of measuring the vibration amount of the roller depending on the load condition of the roller using the gap sensors of the left and right radial magnetic bearings. The vibration was first measured without contact with the idle roller under stop condition and at 30 rev/min (Figure 8a,b). The maximum vibration measured under the stop condition was approximately 2.2 \(\upmu\)m (peak-to-peak) while the maximum vibration at 30 rev/min was approximately 3.6 \(\upmu\)m (peak-to-peak). Next, the roller was tested at 30 rev/min under a 300 N lateral load from the idle roller which rotates at 51 rev/min or 0.85 Hz (Figure 8c). The maximum vibration measured in the 30 rev/min rotation and 300-N maximum load condition was approximately 4.6 \(\upmu\)m (peak-to-peak). In this case, the vibration component of the rotation frequency of the idle roller (0.85 Hz) was found to be the largest source of vibration. These vibrations are originated from all components of the system including the vibration caused by the magnetic levitation of the roller, the roundness error of the shaft core, vibration of the driving motor or from the idle roller, the mass unbalance of the roller and from sensor noise.  
Figure 6: Conceptual diagram of roll-to-roll load condition test.  
Figure 7: Vibration measurement test of precision roller for printing with magnetic bearings depending on load. Supplementary material, Video S1 is provided for this test.  
During rotation, a larger harmonic vibration was measured at the left bearing than at the right bearing. This appears to be because of the impact of the torque ripple in the motor located on the left end. The frequency of this vibration was 78 Hz, which is the 156 th harmonic component corresponding to the least common multiple of 12-pole and 39-slot. It was confirmed that the roller with magnetic bearings was capable of a rotational vibration performance of less than 4.6 \(\upmu\)m (peak-to-peak) even when applying a large lateral force of 300 N at a rotational speed of 30 rev/min.  
Figure 8: Vibration due to the load during the magnetic levitation of the roller: (**a**) stop condition (0 rev/min, 0 N); (**b**) rotation condition (30 rev/min, 0 N); and (**c**) rotation condition under a force load (30 rev/min, 300 N).
# Speaker Diarization: A Review of Objectives and Methods
## 2 Description of the Acoustics of Speech Signals
### Speech Aspects to Help Distinguish Among Speakers  
Discriminating among people by their speech (i.e., SV) could exploit both their physical and behavioural aspects. People have varied VIs (physical) and use them differently (behavioural). Much of SV has preferred to focus on analysis of the physical via use of average VT spectra, for reasons of simplicity as well as the fact that impostors can imitate dynamic VT movements more easily than inherent VT shapes. However, _spoofing_ (copying or synthesizing speech to claim false identity) appears to be a much rarer risk for SD than for SV, as SD is almost always applied to reliable data (e.g., there is much more motivation to falsify SV than SD). Thus, SD should be able to apply physical differences in VTs as well as how they are used.  
Average resonance frequencies vary indirectly with a speaker's VT length, and average F0 varies indirectly with one's vocal cord size. However, these only provide two scalar values, which are far less than needed to distinguish among large numbers of speakers. Such features can help to discriminate among speakers, but these provide nowhere near the biometric precision of fingerprints or retinal scans.  
Modern SV and SD use average speaker representations based on Mel spectra, which largely ignore speech dynamics, and also obscure useful F0 effects. Yet, speakers demonstrate significant variability in F0 and in the timing of VT movements, which directly affect resonance dynamics.  
It is possible also that the phase of speech may be speaker-specific, but SV and SD research has yet to demonstrate that. Anecdotal evidence for the speaker-specific phase could be that people can often be distinguished by a single short sung vowel, which shows little dynamic behaviour, and whose spectral amplitude is well modelled with as few as ten LPC parameters. Such few modelling parameters that amplitude spectra provide are insufficient to distinguish among many speakers.
# Quantum Privacy Query Protocol Based on GHZ-like States
## 2 Preliminaries
### Three-Particle GHZ-like State  
A three-particle GHZ-like state is an abbreviation of three-particle GHZ states [17]. Three particle GHZ-like states can be obtained by using three-particle GHZ states and Hadamard operation [18]. The GHZ-like state is a quantum state with some unique properties that make it essential for applications in quantum information science. GHZ-like states usually include multiple quantum bits, where each quantum bit is in a superposition state, and these superposition states have certain phase relations with each other. Since GHZ-like states possess the property of substantial entanglement, the measurement of one of the quantum bits affects the state of all the remaining particles, and the security of privacy queries can be improved. Also, GHZ-like states possess non-confinement and non-cloning properties, so we can easily detect if an attacker has intercepted the information we send.  
Figure 1: System model.  
Overall, in our privacy query, the GHZ-like states provides a secure key transfer channel for the database and the querier.  
The expression formula of the three-particle GHZ-like state is given as follows:  
\[\left|\mathrm{GHZ-like}\right\rangle_{123}=\mathrm{H_{1}H_{2}H_{3}}\left| \mathrm{GHZ}\right\rangle_{123}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}(\left|+++\right\rangle+ \left|---\right\rangle)_{123}=\frac{1}{2}(\left|000\right\rangle+\left|011 \right\rangle+\left|110\right\rangle+\left|101\right\rangle)_{123} \tag{1}\]  
Here,  
\[\left|\mathrm{GHZ}\right\rangle_{123}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}(\left|000\right\rangle +\left|111\right\rangle)_{123} \tag{2}\]  
\[\mathrm{H}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}[(\left|0\right\rangle+\left|1\right\rangle) \langle 0|+(\left|0\right\rangle-\left|1\right\rangle)\langle 1|] \tag{3}\]  
Two single-quantum measurement bases:  
1. \(\{\left|0\right\rangle,\left|1\right\rangle\}\) is the basis for a standard set of measurements, called B\({}_{\mathrm{z}}\), where \[\left|0\right\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\left|+\right\rangle+\left|-\right\rangle )\left|1\right\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\left|+\right\rangle-\left|-\right\rangle)\] (4)
2. \(\{\left|+\right\rangle,\left|-\right\rangle\}\) is the basis for the measurement of another set of standards, called B\({}_{\mathrm{x}}\), where \[\left|+\right\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\left|0\right\rangle+\left|1\right\rangle )\left|-\right\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\left|0\right\rangle-\left|1\right\rangle)\] (5)
###### Abstract  
We estimate global terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) based on models that use satellite data within a simplified light-use efficiency framework that does not rely upon other meteorological inputs. Satellite-based geometry-adjusted reflectances are from the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and provide information about vegetation structure and chlorophyll content at both high temporal (daily to monthly) and spatial (\(\sim\)1 km) resolution. We use satellite-derived solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) to identify regions of high productivity crops and also evaluate the use of downscaled SIF to estimate GPP. We calibrate a set of our satellite-based models with GPP estimates from a subset of distributed eddy covariance flux towers (FLUXNET 2015). The results of the trained models are evaluated using an independent subset of FLUXNET 2015 GPP data. We show that variations in light-use efficiency (LUE) with incident PAR are important and can be easily incorporated into the models. Unlike many LUE-based models, our satellite-based GPP estimates do not use an explicit parameterization of LUE that reduces its value from the potential maximum under limiting conditions such as temperature and water stress. Even without the parameterized downward regulation, our simplified models are shown to perform as well as or better than state-of-the-art satellite data-driven products that incorporate such parameterizations. A significant fraction of both spatial and temporal variability in GPP across plant functional types can be accounted for using our satellite-based models. Our results provide an annual GPP value of \(\sim\)140 Pg C year\({}^{-1}\) for 2007 that is within the range of a compilation of observation-based, model, and hybrid results, but is higher than some previous satellite observation-based estimates.  
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# Computer-Aided Drug Design Boosts RAS Inhibitor Discovery
## 3 Application of CADD Methods in the Development of RAS Inhibitors
### Molecular Docking Studies
As a molecule in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, BRAF protein kinase mutating in approximately 7% of human cancers has been manifested as elevated kinase activity and considered an important therapeutic target for inhibition. A study identifying 18 compounds targeting BRAF through virtual screening and ELISA confirmed that compound 1 efficiently inhibits BRAF kinase. Moreover, molecular docking clarifies the docking conformation of compound 1 in the active site of BRAF and deduces the scaffold based on the key of hexahydroteridine moiety. This conjecture has been confirmed by ELISA with homologous compound **19**. After a series of in vitro experiments with analogs of compound **19** (**19**-**33**), compound **24** exhibits the most potent inhibitory activity [94]. Since RASSF2 as a potential tumor suppressor gene promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, Modeller (9V15) and online servers (I-Tasser, SwissModel, 3D-JigSaw, ModWeb) generated the 3D structure of RASSF2 based on homology modeling to identify its top 10 binding pockets ranked by energy. Furthermore, AutoDock Vina and AutoDock4 recognize the ligands of RASSF2 that regulate the normal activity of RASSF2. Finally, as stabilized RASSF2 compounds, ANP (phosphoaminophosphate acid adenylate ester) and GNP (phosphoaminophosphate acid guanyle ester) can serve as lead compounds for further studies targeting the RASSF family [51]. Initially, molecular docking is used to study the interaction mode between molecules, which plays an irreplaceable role in clarifying the mechanism of intermolecular interaction, discovering essential parts and guiding the synthesis of lead compounds. The rapid development of molecular docking enables the automatic screening of numerous compounds, which has been one of the mainstream methods of CADD. In addition, molecular docking also plays a vital role in drug repositioning and adverse reaction prediction. In summary, molecular docking is rapidly developing as a promising CADD method.