## 3 Results
### Primary Outcome
#### 3.2.1 Physical Capability  
One-foot balanceThis study was performed to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration training on the one-foot balance of the participants by Wilcoxon test. A significant difference in one-foot balance was observed between before (\(M=3.31\), \(SD=7.19\)) and after (\(M=7.37\), \(SD=12.32\)) whole-body vibration training intervention (\(z=-2.447\), \(p<0.05\)). According to the results, whole-body vibration training increased the one-foot balance of the participants (Table 1). Shoulder-arm flexibilityThis study was conducted to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration training on the shoulder-arm flexibility of the participants by Wilcoxon test. A significant difference in shoulder-arm flexibility was observed between before (\(M=-37.50\), \(SD=16.34\)) and after (\(M=-28.56\), \(SD=13.95\)) the whole-body vibration training (\(z=-3.159\), \(p<0.05\)). According to the results, whole-body vibration training increased the shoulder-arm flexibility of the participants (Table 1). Walking speedThis study was performed to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration training on the walking speed of the participants by Wilcoxon test. A significant difference in walking speed \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & **Pretest** & **Posttest** & \multirow{2}{*}{**z**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\) Value**} \\  & **MEAN \(\pm\) SD** & **MEAN \(\pm\) SD** & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Physical capability**} \\   One-foot balance & \(3.31\pm 7.19\) & \(7.37\pm 12.32\) & \(-2.447\) & \(0.014\)** \\   Shoulder-arm flexibility & \(-37.50\pm 16.34\) & \(-28.56\pm 13.95\) & \(-3.159\) & \(0.002\)** \\   walking speed & \(36.41\pm 24.58\) & \(22.00\pm 17.36\) & \(-2.692\) & \(0.009\)** \\   Grip strength (right hand) & \(11.19\pm 7.36\) & \(14.46\pm 7.48\) & \(-3.388\) & \(0.001\)** \\   Grip strength (left hand) & \(12.67\pm 6.56\) & \(14.79\pm 7.04\) & \(-3.264\) & \(0.001\)** \\   Five sit–stand repetitions & \(47.43\pm 22.98\) & \(30.58\pm 15.32\) & \(-2.936\) & \(0.003\)** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**ADL**} \\   Highly dependent: 21–60 point & \(36.67\pm 9.01\) & \(48.57\pm 13.13\) & & \\   Moderately dependent: 61–90 point & \(77.7\pm 7.58\) & \(73.33\pm 2.88\) & \(1.163\) & \(0.006\)** \\   Slightly dependent: 91–99 point & \(95\pm 0\) & \(95\pm 0\) & & \\   Completely independent: 100 point & \(100\pm 0\) & \(100\pm 0\) & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Sleep quality**} \\   Satisfactory sleep quality & \(3.00\pm 1.41\) & \(3.75\pm 2.50\) & \(7.367\) & \(0.500\) \\   Unsatisfactory sleep quality & \(11.20\pm 3.34\) & \(10.15\pm 2.99\) & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Note: Wilcoxon test: \({}^{\prime}p<0.05\), \({}^{\prime\prime}p<0.01\), \({}^{\prime\prime\prime}p<0.001\).} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Pretest and posttest results regarding participants’ physical capability, ADL, and sleep quality (\(n=17\)). was observed between before (\(M\) = 36.41, \(SD\) = 24.58) and after (\(M\) = 22.00, \(SD\) = 17.36) whole-body vibration training (z = \(-\)2.692, \(p\) < 0.05). According to the results, whole-body vibration training increased the walking speed of the participants (Table 1). _Right-hand grip strength._ This research analyzed the effect of whole-body vibration training on the right-hand grip strength of the participants by Wilcoxon test. A significant difference in right-hand grip strength was observed between before (\(M\) = 11.79, \(SD\) = 7.36) and after (\(M\) = 14.46, \(SD\) = 7.48) whole-body vibration training (z = \(-\)3.388, \(p\) < 0.05). According to the results, whole-body vibration training increased the right-hand grip strength of the participants (Table 1). _Left-hand grip strength._ This investigation was performed to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration training on the left-hand grip strength of the participants by Wilcoxon test.