# Value Stream Analysis in Military Logistics:
## 5 Results  
The KPIs obtained for both implementation phases are shown in Figure 6, considering the total number of orders processed by ABC during the year 2016, and the ones processed in the two pilot implementation phases. The lead-time was significantly improved in the new VSD process (pilot phase 1 and pilot phase 2). If we compare the current and implemented process (2016 data), the lead time mean value was reduced by half approximately, as can be seen in Figure 6. Additionally, its deviation was also improved, achieving a reduction value of 76%. Due to the fact that the different orders might not be comparable in terms of requested and type of material, a specific analysis considering material references is also presented. In this case, the material references included in each pilot phase were compared to the same material references behavior with the old process before VSM/VSD (2016 data in Figure 7). As is shown in Figure 7, the improvement in the average lead-time and deviation was proved in both pilot phases. In pilot phase 1 (see Figure 7, left), the results showed an improvement in the average lead-time of 45.24%, and the standard deviation of the lead-time value decreased 39.13%. During the pilot phase 2, when the new process was extended to more material orders processed by ABC (see Figure 7, right), the average lead-time improved 50%, and the dispersion of the process measured with the lead-time standard deviation indicator showed a 29.17% improvement. As it was mentioned before, it was not only important to reduce the lead time of the material ordering process of ABC to optimize their fulfillment delivery to the external units but also to minimize the variability of the process. It is important to highlight that no increase in the orders reject rate was detected after the implementation of the VSD new process in the pilot series. Figure 8 represents the improvement achieved by comparing the lead-time vs. ordering frequency by material reference before and after implementation pilot phases. Despite the limited number of references and quantities analyzed (y-axis), the lead time values calculated for the materials included in the orders processed under the new procedure showed a clear reduction. It is proved that for the same materials the actions considered provided better performance results in terms of delivery fulfillment. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Study Groups**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **t-Test for Equality of** \\ **Means** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\(t\)} & **Freedom** & **Sig.** & **Mean** & **Std. Error** \\  & & & **Degrees** & **(2-Tailed)** & **Difference** & **Difference** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Post-test**} & Equal variances & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-3.56\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{608} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-0.614\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.172} \\ Experimental group & & assumed & & & & \\ and control group & Equal variances not assumed & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Experimental group**} & Equal variances & \multirow{2}{*}{5.43} & \multirow{2}{*}{10939} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.243} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.413} \\ Pre-test and Post-test & Equal variances not assumed & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Significance testing results considering pilot phase 1. Figure 6: Pilot phases results: lead-time by orders. As a last step of the VSM/VSD, the new procedure designed with the VSD, validated with the two pilot implementation phases, was applied to the 100% of the material orders from January 2017 onwards covering approximately 7800 orders after considering all the action list proposals. The following results confirm the positive degree of improvement in the ABC material order processing procedure with the application of lean methodologies. The temporal evolution in the lead-time (average and standard deviation) is represented in Figure 9, where the relative variation is shown in percentage considering the last four years (2014-2017).