## 1 Introduction  
The technological assembly process is the final and the most important stage of the production process, which determines its labor consumption and the final production costs. For this reason, the development of the most favorable technology to join parts with the given conditions is a difficult task with multi-criteria but is extremely important. Optimization or improvement of assembly at the production planning stage concerns the determination of components having a direct impact on this process. One of the most important problems at this level is the determination of the most advantageous sequence [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] of the assembly and components of the production cycle but also the problem of assembly line balancing (ALB) in linear systems, which in principle are also part of activities occurring at the production process stage. These issues are fundamentally related to the degree of process automation but also to the production conditions in a given enterprise. It should be emphasized that in recent times the issues of determining the assembly sequence based on artificial intelligence methods were not very frequent, despite the rapid development of this field of knowledge and the significance of the problem [2, 6, 7]. Planning the assembly sequence is crucial because it relates to many of its aspects, including the number of necessary tool changes, the number of assembly directions, or even the design of mounting brackets and other instrumentation, for the analyzed assembly sequence. It also has a major impact on the overall efficiency of the process. These features of the assembly process, along with many others, have a decisive impact on the efficiency of its course, but some of them may also be criteria for assessing assembly sequences for its improvement or optimization. Assembly sequence planning (ASP) consists of determining the feasibility and at the same time, finds the most advantageous, under certain criteria: order of combining assembly units, parts, and assemblies into more complex units, which leads to obtaining a final product or a product that meets all design and functional assumptions. Due to the high complexity of the issue of choosing the appropriate assembly sequence from among all acceptable choices and at the same time remaining feasible is a difficult and complex task. This is due to a large number of possible combinations of the assembly order, as the theoretical number of variants increases exponentially with the number of parts joined. In many industrial cases, when planning the assembly process, no analysis of the sequence or selection of assembly sequences is performed, and this choice is often based only on the engineering knowledge of people directly involved in planning the assembly process, although this area often contains large reserves allowing for improvement and optimizations. This state of affairs results mainly from the difficulty of evaluating even the already generated ones, due to the constraints of the constructional nature of assembly sequences. In the literature on the subject, the assessment and selection of the most favorable sequence are made according to various criteria, depending on the specificity of plants, availability of devices, etc. Such criteria may be: assembly time, number of changes in assembly direction, number of tool changes, degree of difficulty in reaching the next process state, degree of complexity of assembly unit movements, degree of difficulty in reaching the next process state, the necessary number of reorientations of the base unit during assembly, stability of assembly units, correctness of the assembly course itself, technological production capacity, and economy of the process. Sequence evaluation criteria may also include aspects of safety, reliability, weight, operating economy, technology, ergonomics, aesthetics, or ecology.