# Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Mediated Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
## 15 Other Types of Nanoparticle  
Pristine gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used by [PERSON] et al. [35] to determine their therapeutic impact on animal models of UC mice induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), also assessing the expression of interleukin-17 after treatment with AuNPs [35]. The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, DSS and DSS+AuNPs. The disease activity index (DAI) score was used to assess disease extent and severity. The results showed that gold nanoparticles reached the colon and acted as antioxidants (with a significant reduction in tissue MDA levels) and anti-inflammatory. Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was used as a molecular target for therapy of ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated cancer [36]. The systemic administration of tranespimycin (17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygedanamycin, 17-AAG), an Hsp90 inhibitor, was reported as safe and well tolerated in IBD preclinical mouse models. However, the use of 17-AAG is restricted by the possible side effects and poor oral bioavailability. [PERSON] et al. [36] used a single-step method for the surface functionalization of 17-AAG loaded PLGA/PLA-PEG-FA nanoparticles and showed their efficacy in colon-26 tumor-bearing mice, in activated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and in mice with colitis colon tissue in vivo. Therapeutic efficacy of NP-PEG-FA/17-AAG conjugates following oral administration was assessed in vivo in DSS-induced colitis and azoxymethane AOM/ dextran sulfate sodium DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer. The results showed that the conjugates were able to significantly reduce symptoms. The therapeutic effect of the nano-formulation was similar to that of 17-AAG administered intraperitoneally, but at a 10-fold-lower dose. In a study by [PERSON] et al. [37], pluronic F127 was used as a capping agent in porous PLGA-NP synthesis and nanoparticles were encapsulated with curcumin (CUR) to enhance drug accumulation and uptake into inflamed tissue. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles was around 270 nm, being extremely monodisperse, with slight negative charges and controlled release profile of curcumin. They demonstrated the higher biocompatibility and cellular accumulation rate of curcumin when compared to porous CUR-loaded NPs without modified PF127. Porous PF127-NPs also exhibited greater ability to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-\(\alpha\)) by LPS-activated macrophages as compared to porous NPs and non-porous PF127-NPs. In an in vivo test, porous PF127-NPs demonstrated a better therapeutic effect in mice with ulcerative colitis than porous NPs and non-porous PF127-NPs [37]. In their study, [PERSON] et al. [38] confirmed the effects of nanocrystalline silver (NPI 32101) and compared them with those of sulfasalazine in a rat model of ulcerative colitis, assessing their mechanism of action. NPI 32101 was able to reduce inflammation and downregulate IL-12, TNF-\(\alpha\) and matrix metallopeptidase production in animal models of inflammatory skin disease. These could also be involved in IBD pathogenesis. Nanocrystalline silver nanodispersions with different concentrations (40 and 4 mg/kg) delivered intracolonically triggered a significant decrease in total IBD score 5 days after treatment, compared with the control group that received a placebo or no treatment at all. In the placebo group, the use of PVA alone did not result in a decrease in the IBD score compared to the group receiving no treatment at all. On the other hand, the group treated intracolonically with sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg) showed a significantly decreased IBD score 5 days after treatment. The oral administration of 40 mg/kg NPI 32101 over a 5-day period showed a significantly decreased total IBD score compared to the control group that received a placebo or no treatment at all. The same was obtained following a 5-day treatment with sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg), which determined a considerable decrease in histological inflammation compared to the other groups.