## 4 Salt-Tolerant Plants as Sources of Neuroprotective and Mental Health Commodities
### In Vitro Assays
Methanol (54.71\% inhibition); Chloroform (65.78\% inhibition) & [52] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{p{42.7 pt}}{**Salicaceae**} & & & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Populas_} & & 95\% EtOH which was partitioned with EIOAc affording fractions by using a silica gel column with petroleum ether & B (1 and 2), two new ethylenicenicoids C and acetone (50.1, 35.1, 20.1, 15.1, 10.1, 7.1, 3.1, 1.1) as solvents & octanoranosane-type triterpenes, cuphraticanoids A and Alpha (5, 6, 8–13) along with one steroid (7) & 10-40 \(\mu\)h\(\times\) Compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 could exoticactivity in the oil (7) & 10-40 \(\mu\)h\(\times\) Compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 could exoticactivity in the oil (7) & 10-40 \(\mu\)h\(\times\) Compounds 3, 4, and 9 could exoticactivity in the oil (7) & 10-40 \(\mu\)h\(\times\) Compounds 3, 4, and 9 could exoticactivity in the oil (7) & 4, 8,enzymes associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. For _L. spathulatum_, extracts from leaves using ethanol and water showed significant enzyme inhibition, with water and hydroethanolic extracts exhibiting the lowest IC\({}_{50}\) values, specifically towards AChE (0.23 mg/mL) and BuChE (0.03 mg/mL), respectively, indicating high potency. Hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids, detected in the leaf extracts, were associated with various bioactivities [47]. Similar research on the same species focused on the effects of aerial parts and varied extraction methods of fatty acids and phenolic compounds on enzyme inhibition, where the methanol-water extract showed strong effectiveness against AChE, with an IC\({}_{50}\) value of 3.28 \(\upmu\)g/mL [48]. Moreover, _L. algarvense_ flowers' infusions and decoctions demonstrated significant AChE and BuChE inhibition potential, with IC\({}_{50}\) values falling between 0.22 and 0.96 mg/mL. The main components found in the extracts were salicylic and gentisic acids [49]. Finally, methanol extracts from _L. delicatulum_ leaves demonstrated efficacy against AChE and BuChE (EC\({}_{50}\) = 5.94 and 11.68 \(\upmu\)g/mL, respectively), with salvianolic acid B and polydatin recognised as predominant active constituents [50]. In general, these examples showcase the various bioactive compounds and neuroprotective abilities linked to plants that can thrive in salty conditions. In the context of salt-tolerant plants, while specific mechanistic studies on mental health are limited, the most studied targets in the scrutinized articles were acetylcholinesteraseinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesteraseerase (BuChE) enzyme inhibition assays, as well as assays related to amyloid beta (Ab42) self-aggregation and anti-amyloidogenic activity. This is significant as cholinesterase inhibitors are a well-established treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Studies on aromatic plants have shown similar inhibitory effects on cholinesterase and have provided mechanistic insights, suggesting a potential hypothesis for salt-tolerant plants as well. For instance, aromatic plants used to treat anxiety or other mental issues often act through modulation of neurotransmitter systems and enhancement of synaptic plasticity [54; 55]. Similarly, amyloid-beta (A842) self-aggregation also plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease. A842 peptides aggregate into toxic oligomers and fibrils, forming amyloid plaques that disrupt cellular homeostasis through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption, inflammation, and synaptic dysfunction. Anti-amyloidogenic compounds inhibit A842 aggregation or promote the disaggregation of preformed fibrils, thereby mitigating their toxic effects. These compounds achieve this by preventing A842 monomers from aggregating, disaggregating existing fibrils, chelating metal ions that facilitate aggregation, or stabilizing non-toxic conformations of A842.