# Image-Guided Surgical and Pharmacotherapeutic Routines as Part of Diligent Medical Treatment
## 5 Discussion  
In this manuscript, the analysis and evaluation carried out on image-guided procedures of surgical interventions and restricted delivery of implanted drugs under minimally invasive and non-ionizing circumstances have illustrated that such a topic is totally beneficial. At this stage, various questions deserve to be raised:  
To know how to go further in the well-being of the patient and allow the medical team to verify new therapies and even to carry out treatment training without risk for the patient, we can use physical copies of the real patient. This helps elucidate the treatment most suited to the actual patient. This can be conducted on different levels. The use of a physical phantom built of materials corresponding to the real body biological properties in the IG, SI, and RDD automated procedures (see Figures 3, 4 and 6) reflects the simplest level. A more sophisticated level corresponds to the practice of a matching process of the physical phantom treatment process and a virtual replica of such process. Such a twin of real-virtual procedure permits a self-corrected behavior. The real part delivers sensor-processed data to the virtual side and the last forward-control instructions issued from the mathematical model of the real part. This matching procedure allows mastering all undesired and hazarded functioning phenomena. The matching real-virtual twin uses the concept of digital twin (DT), [132]. Such a concept exists and is practiced in different industrial fields [133; 134; 135]. Figure 10 illustrates schematically the DT concept in the case of medical procedures assisted by imaging IG. The real part includes the complex medical procedure involving the scanner, the robot, and body phantom. The virtual side comprises the digital procedure model involving the digital body phantom. The matching link in between these two sides include sensing, control, and processes. Figure 9: Distribution of RF magnetic field (vertical) in piezoelectric coated by thin electrodes case: (**a**) structure arrangement, (**b**) electrodes perpendicular to the field, (**c**) electrodes parallel to the field. The superior level of using IG medical treatments regards real procedures of DT involving the real patient. Moreover, this matching twin could be amended with \"Human-in-the-loop\" approaches permitting the supervision, the control, and the correction of its functioning; we will call such twins HDTs. The DT concept is gradually entering the healthcare field using virtual replicas of physical individuals that go beyond a static image integrating the dynamic behavior of a real living individual [136; 137; 138; 139; 140; 141; 142; 143; 144; 145; 146]. Human-robot interaction associated with DT allows higher control of IG, SI, and RDD, minimizing risk for the patient [147; 148; 149]. The quality of the body model plays an important role in matching behavior; see for example [150; 151; 152; 153]. One of the important challenges is real-time modeling of tissues, with distortion and development that resemble reality. DT and HDT potentially revolutionize the treatment, investigation and training of IG, SI, and RDD. Despite its capabilities, medical treatment is still in its beginning in terms of its ability to represent human tissue in a living, real-time digital replica. Furthermore, to go beyond, the involvement of artificial intelligence (AI) practices in these medical treatments contributes to reducing the complexity of information acquisition and post-processing in MRI through the use of strategy acceleration and offering faster analysis times with easier image processing [145; 154]. AI can be used also to execute planed recurrent training jobs in IG robots. This can be profusely enlarged by using increased interaction of human and robot advancing the global system performing through augmented reality (AR)-assisted robotic operations. AR associated to IG-MRI in complex procedures can allow significant reduction of hazards like tissue damage, bleeding, post-operative trauma, etc.