## 3 Results
### Hempeseed Screenings Bioprocessing
#### 3.2.1 Hempseed Screenings Bioprocessing Treatments Increased the Solubility of Dietary Fibre (NSP)
The monosaccharides composition of the soluble NSP varied greatly between bioprocessing treatments, except that both the first and second bioprocessing consistently increased the content of uronic acid. Notably, the uronic acid content of soluble NSP was the most abundant in EM_1 (0.58%), followed by EC_2 (0.52%). Overall, EM_1 was seemingly more capable of solubilizing the insoluble NSP than other treatments from the first bioprocessing. Similar findings were observed for the EM_2 when compared with other treatments from the second bioprocessing. 2.2 Hempesed Screenings Bioprocessing Treatments Increased the Extractability of Several Plant Metabolites  
Quantitative profiling of plant metabolites from the hempesed screenings by targeted LC-MS/MS is shown in Table S1. The sum of the free, alkaline-labile, and acid-labile frac  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**NSP**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Raw**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**First Bioprocess**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Second Bioprocess**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **EM\_1** & **BY\_1** & **EM+BY\_1** & **EM\_2** & **EC\_2** & **BY\_2** & **EC+BY\_2** \\ \hline Insoluble (\%) & & & & & & & & \\ Xylose & 7.01 \(\pm\) 0.40 & 7.06 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 7.05 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 7.50 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 6.48 \(\pm\) 0.61 & 7.07 \(\pm\) 0.19 & 6.95 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 6.83 \(\pm\) 0.14 \\ Glucose & 4.46 \(\pm\) 0.52 & 3.95 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 4.32 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 3.81 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 3.17 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{*}\) & 3.25 \(\pm\) 0.14 \({}^{*}\) & 2.73 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 3.05 \(\pm\) 0.29 \\ Arabinese & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{**}\) & 0.48 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.32 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}  
tions measured by LC-MS/MS was indicated as total content, including total phenolic acids and derivatives/aldehydes (PAD), flavonoids, and lignans (Figure 2a). Compared with the raw hempseed screenings, both the first and second bioprocessing treatments significantly increased the content of free PAD and flavonoids released from the screenings, except for the total flavonoids after EM_2 treatment. The second bioprocessing only significantly increased the content of acid-labile PAD and flavonoids released. The BY_2 treatment significantly increased the content of alkaline-labile PAD and flavonoids released, resulting in the highest total extractable PAD (533.37 mg/Kg) and second highest total extractable flavonoids (20.50 mg/Kg). The EC_2 treatment significantly increased the content of alkaline-labile flavonoids, along with the highest total flavonoids (21.31 mg/Kg) released from the matrix. The EM_1 had the lowest total PAD (283.36 mg/Kg) and the relatively lower total flavonoids (12.38 mg/Kg) released. These results show a similar trend to NSP results in that hemicellulose solubilization and plant metabolite release is higher following the second bioprocessing compared to the first. Figure 2: Total content of plant metabolites in the free, alkaline-labile, and acid-bound forms of raw and bioprocessed hempseed screenings, including phenolic acids and derivatives, flavonoids, and total lignans (**a**). Total content is the cumulative sum of the content of individual plant metabolites measured LC-MS/MS in free form, alkaline form, or acid form. A full list of the detected plant metabolites is presented in Supplementary Table S1. Individual phenolic acids and derivatives with a total content of free, alkaline, and acid forms of more than 10 mg Kg\({}^{-1}\) affected by both first and second bioprocessing technique (**b**). Four individual phenolic acids most affected by the second bioprocess (**c**). In the first bioprocessed samples, gentisic acid and homoprotocatechuric acid were undetectable, and phloretic acid was only detectable in EM + BY_1, and the content of caffe acid was less than 10 mg Kg\({}^{-1}\) (see Supplementary Table S1). The most abundant flavonoids (**d**) and lignan (**e**) affected by the bioprocessing.