## 3 Materials and Methods
### Development of ABM
#### 3.2.1 Model Designing
These classes are based on diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory of [PERSON] (2003), that is going to seek to explain why, when, how, and at what rate innovations spread. DOI is a generally accepted model among technology diffusion researchers from various disciplines such as health and clinical studies [69, 70], information systems [71], electronic devices [72], mobile computing and software technologies [73, 74], and social media diffusion [75]. For a comprehensive study of the applications of DOI, look at [76]. [PERSON] defines the diffusion as a process through which an innovation is communicated over time among the actors of a social system. According to him, an adopter category is defined as a categorization of individuals within a social system on the ground of innovativeness degree, which is designated by reluctance to innovation (R2I) score in this paper. He proposes a total of five categories of adopters including innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. All these categories were extracted using individual innovativeness (II) scale developed by [PERSON] and colleagues [77], which can been immediately accessed at [[http://www.jamescmcroskey.com/measures/innovation.htm](http://www.jamescmcroskey.com/measures/innovation.htm)]([http://www.jamescmcroskey.com/measures/innovation.htm](http://www.jamescmcroskey.com/measures/innovation.htm)). The II Scale was distributed among a sample of randomly selected Iranian citizens (i.e., 1250 individuals, out of which 903 returned, and 800 of them were complete), and the statistical results of R2I scores of respondents matched the categorization of DOI as visualized in Figure 6.  
Figure 5: The relationship between modeling purpose and modeling development. Innovators are eager to take risks and are willing to test the unknown. This category forms 2.5% of adopters and has a very low degree of reluctance to innovation (R2I), ranging from 0 to 0.088. They are often young and social, have financial liquidity, and closest contact to scientific communities and other innovators. Their tolerance of risk (i.e., low degree of R2I) enables them to use technologies that are likely to fail; at the end, their financial resourcefulness sufficiently allows them to absorb such failures. For early adopters, these individuals have the highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories, making up 13.5% of adopters. Early adopters possess a higher social status, advanced education, high financial liquidity, and are more socially oriented than late adopters. These people are more discreet in testing the unknown (i.e., adoption choices) than innovators. Individuals of this category often try to maintain a central communication position. The R2I of this category ranges from 0.088 to 0.233. For the class of early majority, members of this class adopt an innovation after a time period that is much longer than two classes of the innovators and early adopters. This category forms 34% of adopters, with a R2I value ranging from 0.233 to 0.3912. Members of this category class have social status, which is regarded to be above average. They communicate well with early adopters, and rarely take positions of opinion leadership in a system. For the late majority, they adopt an innovation after the average participant. This category forms 34% of adopters. They are used to approaching with a high level of doubt. Actually, they switch to a new technology after it is adopted by the majority of society. The social status of members of this category is below-average and they possess a little financial liquidity and a low degree opinion leadership. The R2I of this category ranges from 0.3912 to 0.5565. For laggards, they are the last ones to adopt an innovation. This category forms 16% of adopters. These individuals typically show an aversion to change-agents such as innovators or early adopters. In contrast to previous categories, adopters in this category show little to no opinion leadership.