## 3 The Proposed Model
### Design of WMAO Algorithm
For instance, with 2000 rounds, the WMAO-EAR approach gained a lower NODN of 0, whereas the CE-EC, SEED, NEH-CP, and HCEHUC approaches attained higher NODN of 5, 23, 43, and 84, respectively. Eventually, with 2500 rounds, the WMAO-EAR method attained a lower NODN of 2, whereas the CE-EC, SEED, NEH-CP, and HCEHUC approaches attained higher NODN of 18, 44, 97, and 158, respectively. These experimental values show the enhancements of the WMAO-EAR technique over other existing models. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Dead Nodes**} \\ \hline
**Rounds** & **WMAO-EAR** & **HCEHUC** & **NEH-CP** & **SEED** & **CE-EC** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Nodes = 300**} \\ \hline
500 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 3 & 5 \\ \hline
1000 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 2 & 7 \\ \hline
1500 & 0 & 2 & 14 & 12 & 42 \\ \hline
2000 & 0 & 5 & 23 & 43 & 84 \\ \hline
2500 & 2 & 18 & 44 & 97 & 158 \\ \hline
3000 & 19 & 41 & 60 & 158 & 231 \\ \hline
3500 & 34 & 73 & 85 & 208 & 270 \\ \hline
4000 & 76 & 140 & 186 & 254 & 289 \\ \hline
4500 & 129 & 192 & 243 & 286 & 300 \\ \hline
5000 & 185 & 255 & 271 & 300 & 300 \\ \hline
5500 & 300 & 300 & 300 & 300 & 300 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._

Figure 9: NODN analysis of WMAO-EAR approach under NC of 100. ## 5 Conclusions

In this study, a new WMAO-EAR approach was devised for effective and energy-aware wireless communication. The presented WMAO-EAR technique aims to accomplish an energy-aware routing process in WSNs. To do this, the WMAO-EAR technique initially derives the WMAO algorithm for the integration of wavelet mutation with the AO algorithm. An FF is derived using distinct constraints, such as delay, energy, distance, and security. Once the mutation probability P is set, every individual next to the exploitation and exploration stage process has a probability of mutation using the wavelet mutation process. To demonstrate the enhanced performance of the WMAO-EAR technique, a comprehensive simulation analysis has been presented. The experimental results establish the superiority of the WMAO-EAR method over other recent approaches. In the future, lightweight cryptographic solutions can be applied to boost secure communication. Conceptualization, S.A.; Data curation, M.O. ; Formal analysis, M.O. ; Funding acquisition, A.M.; Investigation, A.G.; Methodology, S.A., A.G. and A.Y. ; Project administration, A.Y. and A.M.; Software, R.A. and O.A. ; Supervision, R.A. and O.A. ; Validation, A.A.; Visualization, A.A.; Writing--original draft, S.A.; Writing--review & editing, A.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2022R203), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22 UQU4320484 DSR03). The author would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Shaqra University for supporting this work. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. Not applicable. Data Availability StatementData sharing does not apply to this article as no datasets were generated. Figure 10: NODN analysis of WMAO-EAR approach under NC of 300. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The manuscript was written with the contributions of all authors. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript. ## References

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