## 3 Results
### Acute Effects of Static Stretching
Two studies examined only the soleus [52; 53], two studies examined two muscles (i.e., soleus and medial gastrocnemius; [54; 56]), and two studies examined three muscles (i.e., soleus and medial/lateral gastrocnemius; [55; 57]). Regarding the MEP amplitude [52; 53; 54; 55; 56], four studies showed no significant change in the soleus [52; 53; 54; 56], and one study showed no significant change in the medial gastrocnemius [55], while one study showed a significant increase in the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius [55]. Of these studies, one study examined two protocols [54], and the raw values from one study were not available [53], leading to a total of seven datapoints from four studies. A meta-analysis revealed no significant overall small effect with no heterogeneity (\(d=0.24\); 95% CI = \(-0.03\) to \(0.51\); \(p=0.08\); \(I^{2}=0\%\); Figure 3A). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study** & **Stretch Protocol** & **Target Joint/Musde** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Test Muscle**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Joint/ Functional**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Neural**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Muscular**} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & & & & & MTJ displacement \(\leftrightarrow\), \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [58] & 300 s (\(\times\) 60 s), maximum doresificaion & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Angle/Pantar flexors** \\ (11) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{MG} & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **ROM \(\uparrow\), PRT \(\downarrow\),** \\ **PRT\({}_{\text{max}}\uparrow\),** \\ **MTU stiffnesses \(\downarrow\)** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{N/A}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{N/A}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{\textbf{M Muscle stiffness \(\downarrow\),}}\)} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & & & & Tendon stiffnesses \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32] & \begin{tabular}{c} 360 s (\(\times\) 120 s), \\ 60s- interval, maximum doresificaion \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Angle/Pantar flexors** \\ (20) \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **MG** \\ **MG** \\ **LG** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **ROM \(\uparrow\),** \\ **MVT \(\leftrightarrow\),** \\ **MTU stiffnesses \(\downarrow\)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{N/A}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{\textbf{M Shear elastic modulus \(\downarrow\),}}\)} \\ \[PERSON] et al. [99] & \begin{tabular}{c} 270 s (\(\times\) 45 s), \\ 15s- interval, maximum doresificaion \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Angle/Pantar flexors** \\ (21) \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **MG** \\ **PRT\({}_{\text{max}}\uparrow\),** \\ **MVT \(\downarrow\),** \\ **MTU stiffnesses \(\downarrow\)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **EMG \(\downarrow\)** \\ **MTU stiffnesses \(\downarrow\)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **M Muscle stiffness \(\downarrow\),** \\ **Tendon stiffnesses \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [33] & \begin{tabular}{c} 120 s (\(\times\) 30 s), \\ maximum doresificaion \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} **Angle/Pantar flexors** \\ (17) \\ \end{tabular}  &
\begin{tabular}{c} **MG** \\ **MG** \\ **ROM \(\uparrow\)** \\ **LG** \\ \end{