## 4 Discussion
However,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Controls**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Reference**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Test Materials**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Intact** & **CPA** & **EAP\({}_{200}\)** & **AR\({}_{400}\)** & **AR\({}_{200}\)** & **AR\({}_{100}\)** \\ \hline Thymus-thickness & & & & & \\ \hline Total (mm) & 1.24 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.88 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.73 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.68 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ Cortex (\(\mu\)m) & 807.34 \(\pm\) 104.45 & 200.92 \(\pm\) 25.74 \({}^{\circ}\) & 294.55 \(\pm\) 20.28 \({}^{\circ}\) & 377.03 \(\pm\) 34.92 \({}^{\circ}\) & 320.39 \(\pm\) 44.09 \({}^{\circ}\) & 291.64 \(\pm\) 27.81 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Spleen-thickness} & & & \\ \hline Total (mm) & 1.76 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\circ}\) & 1.23 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\circ}\) & 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.14 \({}^{\circ}\) & 1.34 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\circ}\) & 1.22 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ WP (\(\mu\)m) & 623.02 \(\pm\) 75.67 & 238.39 \(\pm\) 33.13 \({}^{\circ}\) & 368.91 \(\pm\) 43.63 \({}^{\circ}\) & 518.69 \(\pm\) 92.95 \({}^{\circ}\) & 426.16 \(\pm\) 61.49 \({}^{\circ}\) & 369.84 \(\pm\) 42.36 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ WP (N/mm\({}^{2}\)) & 20.60 \(\pm\) 3.06 & 9.40 \(\pm\) 1.35 \({}^{\circ}\) & 13.10 \(\pm\) 1.10 \({}^{\circ}\) & 15.90 \(\pm\) 1.37 \({}^{\circ}\) & 14.30 \(\pm\) 1.16 \({}^{\circ}\) & 13.00 \(\pm\) 1.25 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Immunoreactive cells (numbers/mm\({}^{2}\))} & & & \\ \hline CD3+ & 335.04 \(\pm\) 95.99 & 18.50 \(\pm\) 4.60 \({}^{\circ}\) & 166.80 \(\pm\) 33.96 \({}^{\circ}\) & 269.50 \(\pm\) 74.22 \({}^{\circ}\) & 214.80 \(\pm\) 65.97 \({}^{\circ}\) & 157.20 \(\pm\) 44.90 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ CD4+ & 146.00 \(\pm\) 16.19 & 12.00 \(\pm\) 5.33 \({}^{\circ}\) & 47.60 \(\pm\) 15.31 \({}^{\circ}\) & 128.60 \(\pm\) 19.93 \({}^{\circ}\) & 75.00 \(\pm\) 19.49 \({}^{\circ}\) & 47.00 \(\pm\) 12.08 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ CD8+ & 186.80 \(\pm\) 36.84 & 12.60 \(\pm\) 4.72 \({}^{\circ}\) & 69.40 \(\pm\) 18.16 \({}^{\circ}\) & 121.80 \(\pm\) 24.97 \({}^{\circ}\) & 98.80 \(\pm\) 16.31 \({}^{\circ}\) & 64.80 \(\pm\) 17.18 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ TNF-\(\alpha\)+ & 288.20 \(\pm\) 74.89 & 8.80 \(\pm\) 6.12 \({}^{\circ}\) & 82.00 \(\pm\) 28.13 \({}^{\circ}\) & 231.80 \(\pm\) 22.30 \({}^{\circ}\) & 149.20 \(\pm\) 27.15 \({}^{\circ}\) & 78.60 \(\pm\) 23.46 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ iNOS+ & 193.60 \(\pm\) 55.78 & 12.10 \(\pm\) 5.38 \({}^{\circ}\) & 73.80 \(\pm\) 21.11 \({}^{\circ}\) & 150.00 \(\pm\) 29.38 \({}^{\circ}\) & 110.00 \(\pm\) 21.64 \({}^{\circ}\) & 71.60 \(\pm\) 18.37 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ II-1B+ & 157.80 \(\pm\) 34.66 & 24.40 \(\pm\) 12.21 \({}^{\circ}\) & 68.40 \(\pm\) 15.20 \({}^{\circ}\) & 146.80 \(\pm\) 28.92 \({}^{\circ}\) & 88.80 \(\pm\) 15.06 \({}^{\circ}\) & 68.00 \(\pm\) 18.31 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{LN\(-\)thickness} & & \\ \hline Total (mm) & 1.13 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.91 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.80 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ Cortex (\(\mu\)m) & 764.06 \(\pm\) 107.63 & 233.05 \(\pm\) 45.90 \({}^{\circ}\) & 406.58 \(\pm\) 78.67 \({}^{\circ}\) & 464.28 \(\pm\) 108.56 \({}^{\circ}\) & 461.21 \(\pm\) 129.33 \({}^{\circ}\) & 405.70 \(\pm\) 59.62 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ FO (N/mm\({}^{2}\)) & 23.00 \(\pm\) 4.55 & 6.50 \(\pm\) 1.27 \({}^{\circ}\) & 15.00 \(\pm\) 1.94 \({}^{\circ}\) & 20.90 \(\pm\) 3.07 \({}^{\circ}\) & 17.20 \(\pm\) 1.69 \({}^{\circ}\) & 14.80 \(\pm\) 2.15 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{CPA = cyclophosphamide administered group; EAP\({}_{200}=A\). _the inhibitory effect of CPA on the weight reduction in lymph organs was confirmed in a dose-dependent manner by administration of all three doses of AR.