### Characteristics of Homogeneous Pressure-Maximum Azeotrope in a Completely Miscible System  
There are several types of azeotropes, each with specific characteristics. For art conservation, the common type has been pressure-maximum azeotropes that form homogeneous solutions with completely miscible components. This refers to a particular type of azeotrope where the mixture of two or more miscible liquids exhibits a single-phase behavior and has a maximum vapor pressure compared to other compositions at a given temperature. In such a system, the mixture's components have uniform distribution throughout the solution, and their boiling points coincide to form a unique composition that evaporates as a single substance without altering the composition of the liquid or vapor phases [14]. This type of azeotrope is also known as a 'positive' azeotrope, and it often occurs when the components of the mixture have similar molecular sizes and polarities, leading to stronger intermolecular interactions [15].  
Azeotropes are both temperature and pressure sensitive [14; 15]. Typical equilibrium data plots for a homogeneous pressure-maximum azeotrope involve two primary graphs: a temperature-composition (T-x-y) plot and a pressure-composition (P-x-y) plot (Figure 1). These plots illustrate the behavior of the azeotropic mixture in both the liquid and vapor phases under varying compositions and conditions [14]. In these types of plots, x and y refer to the fraction of one of the mixture components in the liquid and gas phase, respectively.  
In the temperature-composition (T-x-y) plot (Figure 1A), the \(x\)-axis represents the mole fraction of one component (usually designated as Component A) in the mixture, while the \(y\)-axis represents the temperature. Two curves are plotted in this graph: a solid one for the liquid phase composition and a dashed one for the vapor phase composition. The point where both curves intersect, i.e., have the same compositions, represents the azeotropic point (x\({}_{\text{AZ}}\), T\({}_{\text{AZ}}\)). At this point, the composition of the liquid and vapor phases is identical, and the azeotropic temperature is observed [15].  
In the pressure-composition (P-x-y) plot (Figure 1B), the \(x\)-axis again represents the mole fraction of one component (usually designated as Component A) in the mixture, and the \(y\)-axis represents the pressure. The same two curves are plotted in this graph too. For a homogeneous pressure-maximum azeotrope, the vapor pressure of the azeotrope is higher than that of either of the pure components or any other compositions of the mixture at the given temperature. As before, the point where both curves intersect represents the azeotropic point (x\({}_{\text{AZ}}\), P\({}_{\text{AZ}}\)), and the azeotropic pressure is observed at this intersection [14].  
These equilibrium data plots provide valuable information about the behavior of azeotropic mixtures and show that they are both temperature and pressure dependent.  
Figure 1: Typical equilibrium data plots of homogeneous pressure-maximum (i.e., ‘positive’) azeotrope: (**A**) temperature-composition (T-x-y) plot, (**B**) pressure–composition (P-x-y) plot.  
These graphs are crucial for understanding the properties and applications of such mixtures in various fields, including art conservation.