## 4 Discussion
### Analysis of Mismatch Conditions
ISO9241-5 [47] suggested that the STC should be designed in consideration of human body size with the thickest thigh, and NUREG-0700 [15] recommended the STC to be at least 190.5 mm. The STC of the Jangbogo class submarine is currently 242 mm, which satisfies the recommended specification of NUREG-0700 [15]. However, considering that the thickest STT measurement from SizeKorea is 280 mm, the vertical adjustable range of the seat should be lowered further downwards. The ISUS 83 combat command system and multi-function console of the Jangbogo class submarine were acquired from Germany in 1992, and these were developed in the early 1980s to enhance the performance of the German Navy's 206 submarine. Therefore, it is very likely that these consoles were built reflecting the dimensions of the German human body size measured in the 1980s. The German adult male had an average height of 180.5 cm in 1980 [48], whereas the Korean average height was only 172.9 cm in 2015. Therefore, it is natural that the size of the console designed for the German body size at the time mismatched the Korean male's anthropometric dimensions. Therefore, to obtain the optimal design specifications for the console matching the Korean anthropometric dimensions, the specification for each key design variable is proposed in Section 4.2, based on the results of the above analysis. Recommendations for the Specifications of Submarine Naval Multi-Function Consoles Considering South Korean Body Size  
One of the most commonly used methods in the development of standard systems, which was used in previous studies determining specifications of furniture for students, is the Ellipse methodology [17; 49; 50]. This method recommends an appropriate design range based on the fifth to 95 th percentile dimensions of the collected anthropometric dimensions. For example, this method is implemented when determining the size of a hat; the head circumferences of the fifth and 95 th percentile hat users are measured, and then, the size of the hat is determined within the range of the two. In the case of the console, there are more anthropometric considerations to determine the specifications of each key design variable. To produce a single specification that can accommodate as many users as possible, it would be more appropriate to search for the optimal specification with the maximum coverage problem rather than the elliptic methodology. To maximize match rate between each specification of the key design variables and anthropometric dimensions, the specifications listed in Table 2 were found to be the optimal. Among the recommended specifications presented in Table 2, SH, SD, and TH were within the recommend ranges in the previous standard, and UEB was approximately 38 mm lower than the existing standard. However, considering that the previous standards are from measurements in the United States and the fact that UEB is lower than the previous standard, while all the other design variables meet the recommended specification at the lower limit, it is inferred that the recommended specifications in Table 2 more practically reflect the Korean anthropometric dimensions for submarine consoles than the previous standards. The existing standard recommends the SW to be wider than 460 mm, while the derived specification from the algorithmic approach was narrower by 18 mm. The widest hip width (475 mm) of Korean male adults cannot sit in the recommended SW but it is enough to fit the 95 th percentile (394 mm). Considering the limited space inside the submarine, the seat specifications are considered to be appropriate. In addition, according to the recommendation in Table 2, the STC is 207 mm, which meets the minimum recommended standard proposed by NUREG-0700 [15]. Given that the seat can be adjusted vertically, when the SH is adjusted at a lower level, the console operators with the thickest thigh will be able to use the console. Figure 6 shows a comparison between the match rate of the current console specification and that of the recommended specification.