# Recent Advancement of Data-Driven Models in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
## 3 Related Work
A top-down survey [4] presents a battery system between application requirements and the increase in the battery life while designing WSNs. The main categories of applications are healthcare, the environment, agriculture, industry, transportation, public safety, and military system. The requirements of each application are stated in the survey as well. However, battery replacement is very pricey and impractical, especially in hostile areas. The existing standard of low power includes Zigbee, wirelessHART, ISA100.11a, IEEE 802.15.6, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), and 6 LoWPAN. These standards do not respond to all applications. The survey also reviews major energy-saving mechanisms, discusses their advantages, and suggests further recommendations. Elimination of data redundancy, reduction in network traffic, and enhancement of WSN lifetime are some of the significant techniques of data aggregation. Various existing types of data aggregation techniques and protocols are surveyed [21]. The data integration technique with clustering in WSNs is presented in detail for the types of underground, underwater, and ground sensor networks. Terrestrial WSNs are based on structure and structureless methods that are influenced by data aggregation architecture with computational intelligence. The underground WSNs entail different challenges for the networks such as energy efficiency, topology, dense application, and power communication reduction. Additionally, we briefly introduce the two underground WSNs architecture such as static and mobile UWSN. Wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) of physical components of sensor nodes, architecture, and data aggregation protocols are also explained. The survey [22] provides an overview of WSNs and their types. A basic block diagram of a node, the physical parameters of WSNs, and design challenges such as energy consumption, cost, hardware design, computational, security, memory cost, and specific environment are described in detail. The types of WSNs presented include the mobile WSNs, underwater WSNs, underground WSNs, wireless multimedia sensor networks, and terrestrial WSNs. Similarly, a state-of-the-art review has presented the design and key challenges of WSNs. The current and attractive main requirements and constraints for WSNs and a general review of WSNs applications and their types are elaborated in detail in [23]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Applications** & \begin{tabular}{c} **WSNs** \\ **Types** \\ \end{tabular} & **Architecture** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Data-Driven** \\ **Models** \\ \end{tabular} & **Challenges/Limitations** \\ \hline [31] & Yes & No & Yes & No & No \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[32]} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Fault tolerance, scalability, transmission media, power constraint, management at a distance sensor, and security issues} \\  & & & & security issues \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}{c} This Survey \\ Article \\ \end{tabular} & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes, present in Session 6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._WSNs applications diversity is rapidly increasing due to the wide range of interactive communication in the surrounding nodes. The study focused [10] on the analysis and evaluation of different classification and characterization parameters for WSN applications because researchers and designers need more help to identify and satisfy the specific WSNs applications. The characterizations of various parameters are classified into six categories: communication and traffic, node, network, the operational environment, service component, and service. The structure of the open system international (OSI) model for the protocol stack consists of three layers. On the other hand, the international standard organization (ISO) proposed seven layers. Note that the WSNs' architecture consists of only five layers, and each layer has different characteristics, as presented in [24].