## 3 Results
### Multivariable Regression Models  
Altogether, our multivariable linear regression models, each involving no more than two predictor (independent) variables, included a total of 26 predictor and 8 predicted (dependent) variables. Models were discarded if the \(p\)-value was \(>\)0.05, R\({}^{2}<0.7\) or when the model's predictor coefficients did not differ significantly from 0 (t-statistic, \(p<0.05\)). In addition, to restrict our analysis to results that could be meaningful, only the 13 models for which at least one of the predictor coefficient values was \(>\)0.1 are shown in Table 3. Of these, all included two independent variables, with the exception of Model #10, which only included one. The largest predictor coefficients were associated with the SI values for instantaneous (differential specific mechanical energy) and sectional performance (mechanical energy for each specific section/turn normalized to the entrance speed) (Models #10-13, Table 3). The independent variables in Models #10 and 12 were related only to skiing technique, while those in Models #11 and 13 were related to skiing technique in combination with GRF. The remainder of the models had smaller predictive coefficients of 0.46 (Model #5) or lower, among which the coefficients for SI and JI for turning radius were largest (Models #4 and 5). Interestingly, the largest predictive coefficients obtained with Models #6-9, designed to predict the SI for average velocity, all corresponded to the SI for overall GRF. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dependent Variable** & **Left Turn** & **Right Turn** & \(p\)**-Value** & **SI [\%]** & **JI [\%]** \\ \hline
**Time** & & & & & \\
**Turning time [s]** & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.68 & 97.5 \(\pm\) 1.7 & \(n\)/a \\
**Trajectory** & & & & & \\
**Turning length [m]** & 12.61 \(\pm\) 0.30 & 12.51 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 0.59 & 97.9 \(\pm\) 1.5 & \(n\)/a \\
**Turningradius[m]** & 9.34 \(\pm\) 0.44 & 9.32 \(\pm\) 0.52 & 0.95 & 97.6 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 56.1 \(\pm\) 18.9 \\
**Velocity** & & & & & \\
**Average velocity [m/s]** & 14.5 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 14.5 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 0.97 & 99.6 \(\pm\) 0.00 & \(n\)/a \\
**Energy associated with** & & & & & \\
**Instantaneous performance** & & & & & \\
**[J/kg/m]** & & & & & \\
**Sectional performance** & & & & & \\
**[Js/kg/m]** & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \(n\)/a—not applicable; SI—symmetry index; JI—Jaccard index.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The time, trajectory, velocity and energy dissipation during left and right turns by elite slalom skiers, together with the corresponding symmetry (SI) and Jaccard indices (JI) (dependent variables). All values presented are means \(\pm\) standard deviations. Figure 4: The angle of the outside shank of the 9 elite salmon skiers (**A–I**) during the steering phase of left and right turns, together with the corresponding Jaccard indices (I). The two vertical lines indicate the beginning and end of the steering phase. Figure 5: The turn radii during the steering phase of left and right turns by 9 elite slalom skiers (**A**–**I**) and corresponding Jaccard indices (JI). The two vertical lines indicate the beginning and end of the steering phase. Figure 6: The instantaneous performance during the steering phase of left and right turns by 9 elite salom skiers (**A–I**) and corresponding Jaccard indices (JI). The two vertical lines indicate the beginning and end of the steering phase. Instantaneous performance is defined as energy dissipation per change in altitude normalized relative to the mass of the skier and his equipment.