## 1 Introduction
The ELIMED user application line will provide ion beam transport (permanent magnet quadrupoles, PMQs), energy selection (resistive dipole chicane system, ESS), ion diagnostics and shaping, online dosimetry, and in-air sample irradiation end-station for users to enable them to apply laser-driven ion beams in multidisciplinary fields [9; 11]. Until now, most of the experiments on laser-driven proton acceleration have been performed in the so-called TNSA (target normal sheath acceleration) regime dominating for laser intensities from 10\({}^{18}\) W/cm\({}^{2}\) up to 10\({}^{20}\) W/cm\({}^{2}\)[12]. The availability of ultrahigh intensity lasers at ELI-Beamlines (>10\({}^{22}\) W/cm\({}^{2}\)) will allow entering new ion acceleration regimes, such as RPA (radiation pressure acceleration) leading to significant progress towards the 100 MeV/u range. Although various acceleration regimes and approaches to laser-plasma acceleration are being studied, both theoretically and experimentally, and will be investigated in the near future at ELIMAIA, such new compact proton/ion sources are not suitable for several multidisciplinary applications yet, especially if compared with the sources available at conventional accelerator facilities. Laser and laser-target technology is experiencing rapid development to enhance the performance and to optimize the ion source in terms of higher ion energies, higher intensity, and beam collimation. Recent studies at different laser regimes have demonstrated that the use of nano-structures on the laser-irradiated surface of the target strongly enhances the maximum proton energy and the spatial quality of the beam [13; 14]. Furthermore, the use of micro-structures on the target rear surface allows modulation and control of the proton beam spatial profile [15]. Cryogenic hydrogen targets seem to be very promising for acceleration of purely proton beams (no ion contaminants) at a high repetition rate and can be potentially used in future for a proton acceleration beamline based on high peak power (PW-class) lasers [16]. Nevertheless, such non-conventional ion sources still suffer from shot-to-shot fluctuations due to the non-linear nature of laser-generated plasma. The current limitation due to the instability of the beam could be overcome by an accurate shot-by-shot characterization and control of the laser accelerated particle beam. A real-time diagnosis coupled with new devices for accurate dose measurements of the laser-accelerated ions is crucial to monitor and to tune the ion source to deliver the required dose to the user samples. This is particularly relevant for the envisioned medical and biological applications. However, the very different characteristics of laser-driven proton beams compared with conventional sources outperform capabilities of traditional particle detectors to measure ion energies and fluxes, thus requiring development of innovative detectors. A detailed description of the technical solutions developed and tested for ad-hoc diagnostics systems and the dosimeters which are implemented into the ELIMAIA beamline will be presented in the following sections. Figure 1: The main sections of the ELI multidisciplinary applications of laser-ion acceleration (ELIMAIA) beamline (ion accelerator and ELI medical and multidisciplinary applications (ELIMED)) consist of different subsystems: acceleration, collection, and diagnostics; selection, transport, and diagnostics; and dosimetry and sample irradiation [9].