esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Results and Discussion
### F-Theta Lens Design  
At the start of the telecentric f-theta lens design process, specifications, such as effective focal length, telecentric error, entrance beam, wavelength, scan angle, and aperture stop, need to be taken into account. The expected improvement is that the effective scanning range can be enlarged with a beam spot roundness of over 87%, complying with ISO standards. The simulation model was implemented by ZEMAX software using the ray-tracing method to create the structure of the f-theta lens group. The f-theta lens group used in this simulation is based on the telecentric lens S4 LFT4125-075 of Sill Optics. The design parameters include a design wavelength of 355 nm, an effective focal length of 125 mm, a maximum entrance beam diameter of 10 mm, an optical scan angle of 17.5 degrees, an aperture stop distance of 36.8, and a working length of 156.9 mm. The parameter is set for the general dialog box with an aperture value of 10, and the apodization type is Gaussian with a factor of 1. The parameter in the field data dialog box is set from 0 to 15 degrees, and the wavelength is 355 nm for the wavelength dialog box.  
Figure 4: The workflow of simulating a single-axis scanner using two galvanometers in combination with the f-theta lens in simulation and experimental setup.  
During the lens simulation, an optimization merit function was used, such as the RMS spot radius, DISC, RAED, EFFL, and aberration operands, in which the important operands such as DISC (the calibrated distortion) is set to 1.042, RAED (real ray angle of exitance) = 0.2 and EFFL (effective focal length in lens units) = 125.04 to constrain the desired design. Its field of view is \(0^{\circ}\) in blue, \(5^{\circ}\) in green, \(10^{\circ}\) in red, \(12.5^{\circ}\) in yellow, and \(15^{\circ}\) in pink. The number of lenses in the f-theta is seven, as shown in Figure 5.  
The MTF graph of the designed f-theta lens group is shown in Figure 6a. The MTF values of every field (0, 5, 10, 12.5, and 15) show more than 0.18 at 143 lp/mm, and all field lines coincide with the diffraction limit line showing the perfect performance of the f-theta lens. The maximum f-tan(theta) distortion of less than 1% with a tilt angle of 15 degrees is suitable for the design requirements for a large field of view, as depicted in Figure 6b. The limitation of the tilt angle for the 2D scanner is 12.5 degrees.  
Figure 5: The structure diagram of an f-theta lens designed by ZEMAX, \(0^{\circ}\) in blue, \(5^{\circ}\) in green, \(10^{\circ}\) in red, \(12.5^{\circ}\) in yellow, \(15^{\circ}\) in pink.  
Figure 6: _Cont._
## 4 Equipment and Surveying Methodology
At the same time, for all phase-center determination measurements, two additional GNSS Javad Alpha receivers were mounted at the north-end and south-end locations  
Figure 3: Test area and the initial research on Huawei P30 Pro static positioning accuracy. Huawei P30 Pro L1 phase center location. Figure 2: Comparison of data quality collected by GEO++ RINEX Logger (upper) and RINEX ON (bottom). of the aluminum beam. Results of phase center determination using L1 fixed baseline solutions are additionally presented in Figure 3. GNSS data in a smartphone was collected using RINEX ON Android application in RINEX version 3.03. What we realized while collecting data using this application is that during this process, the smartphone's screensaver should be turned off. Otherwise, data being recorded will be interrupted or of poor quality. Since the latest RINEX version acceptable in Topcon Tools v.7.5 software is 3.00, we had to make a conversion of RINEX v3.03 to v3.00 files using RTKLib v2.4.3 software (open source program package, 2020). The computation of baseline distances between Javad receivers and the Huawei P30 Pro for all three cases were obtained with millimeter level of precision. After calculating all the offsets, we received precise information as to where the phase center of the internal antenna is located. Two further static tests also lasted for 60 min each. The first one was conducted on 22 January, and the Huawei P30 Pro smartphone was also mounted in vertical position. Unlike in the initial test, the mobile phone was placed on an aluminum beam, and centered above the control point with offset of 0.02 m (Figure 4). Additionally, for signal quality analysis, a Javad Alpha GNSS geodetic receiver (Javad GNSS, San Jose, CA, USA) was placed 0.52 m away from a smartphone, in the north direction. The last test took place on 23 January, starting at the same local time. In this case, the smartphone was mounted in a horizontal position, centered above the reference point, with offset of 0.155 m according to the determined phase center of the GNSS antenna (Figure 5). As in the previous experiment, the Javad receiver was mounted at the same mandrel. Figure 4: Second test setup. Huawei P30 Pro mounted in vertical position. Figure 5: Third test setup. Huawei P30 Pro mounted in a horizontal position.
## 2. Stray Current Corrosion Mechanism and Interference Characteristics
### Corrosion Mechanism and Interference Characteristics of AC Stray Current
#### 2.2.2 Alkalization Mechanism and Autocatalytic Mechanism  
[PERSON] [23] proposed an alkalization mechanism for the study of the AC corrosion mechanism under cathodic protection. The alkalization theory proposes that when AC flows over metal surfaces, the electrolytic reaction generates hydroxide ions, which increases the pH value of the surrounding area and forms an alkaline environment. At the same time, the high-frequency and high-amplitude AC potential cycle and potential fluctuation accelerate the reaction, further promoting the increase in the alkalization rate [24; 25; 26; 27]. At the same time, he proposed an autocatalytic mechanism on this basis, pointing out that there are three necessary conditions for the occurrence of AC stray current corrosion in pipelines under cathodic protection: AC-induced voltage, small anti-corrosion layer damage, and excessively negative cathodic polarization potentials.
## 3 WPTS Performance Simulation with AMC
### WPTS with an AMC  
The unit cell simulation shown in Figure 4 represents the infinite periodic array. For the finite array of the AMC surface, in this simulation, a 5-by-5 array of the AMC was used. Considering the unit cell size of 105.6 \(\times\) 105.6 \(\times\) 6.6 mm\({}^{3}\) for a 5 \(\times\) 5 array, the total size of the AMC is 528 \(\times\) 528 \(\times\) 6.6 mm\({}^{3}\). The simulation setups of the SML- and IML-based  
Figure 4: Reflection phase of the ferrite-loaded AMC unit cell.  
AMCs are shown in Figure 6a,b, respectively. For both cases, the AMC was placed 4.5 mm behind the Tx coil, as shown in Figure 6c. The magnetic shielding performance is presented in Figure 6d. The magnetic field at the backside of the Tx coil was eliminated after the placement of the SML- and IML-based AMCs. Small leakages at the edges due to the edge effect were observed. For the PTE performance shown in Figure 6e, the PTE is almost the same or slightly higher than the Tx-Rx coil simulations in Figure 5a without any back plate. For the SML type, the PTE values at the distances of 10, 15, 20, and 30 cm were 56.25%, 18.49%, 4.84%, and 0.64%, respectively, showing slightly degraded values compared with those of the case presented in Figure 5a, when no backing was used for the Tx coil. For the IML type, the PTE values at the distances of 10, 15, 20, and 30 cm were 68.89%, 24.01%, 6.76%, and 1.69%, respectively. In contrast to the case of SML-based AMC, the IML-based AMC showed improved PTE compared with the results presented in Figure 5a. This is due to the reduced dielectric losses of the IML design, in which the signal conductor of the FSS layer faces toward the ground plane, not toward the Tx coil, which can provide better control over the electric field distribution, resulting in lower dielectric loss than that with the conventional MSLs. Furthermore, the fields can be confined more between the FSS layer and the AMC ground plane to minimize radiation losses and improve the PTE.  
This study confirms the advantages of using the proposed AMC design in the WPTS. Among the three types of shielding structures, the IML-based AMC showed the best PTE performance. The shielding performance was almost the same for the two types of AMC. Owing to the lower IML loss than the usual MSL loss, the IML-based AMC did not retain high losses that could affect power transmission.  
Figure 5: Tx–Rx coils only. (**a**) Simulation setup and parameters. (**b**) Simulation setup of the ferrite only as a shielding structure. (**c**) Magnetic field distribution. (**d**) PTE.
## 4 Route Planning Algorithm
### Standalone Taxi Route Planning
The output will be a shortest path tree: a subgraph of the airport taxiway graph, constructed so that the distance between the source vertex and all other vertices is minimal. Then, we find the path to the desired destination vertex by means of a path finding algorithm on the shortest path tree, such as depth-first search. In summary, the main steps of the standalone taxi route planning algorithm are:  
* Determine the forbidden states. We shall take into account that not all the taxiways may be accessible to an aircraft, depending on some of its characteristics, such as gross weight and wingspan. Moreover, taxi regulations might restrict the usable taxiways depending on the actual weather. Thus, depending on the problem input, not all taxiways may be used for route planning. A simple way of dealing with this problem is to dynamically incorporate this information into forbidden states for the corresponding vertex data structure. Forbidden vertices cannot be used in construction of the graph search tree, so the system automatically avoids forbidden taxiways. * Solve the single-source shortest path using [PERSON]'s algorithm. * Find the aircraft taxi route on the shortest path tree using depth-first search. * Compute EIBT and TSAT. This step includes the models for the apron and runways entry/exit time estimates, for determining EAOT, ERCT, ERET and EAIT. Then, Equations (1) and (2) may be used to obtain EIBT and TSAT. Route timing shall also be shifted to match the opportune time-epochs, e.g., the route's final time epoch shall be set equal to TTOT for outbound aircraft.
# Xanthone Derivatives in the Fight against Glioblastoma and Other Cancers
## 2 Antineoplastic Activity of Xanthone Derivatives
### Thioxanthone Derivatives  
The most known compound Lucanthone (**18**, Figure 9A) and its active metabolite Hi-canthone (**19**, Figure 9B) [70] are antiparasitic drugs, which have been extensively studied regarding other indications, including cancer--Lucanthone has reached **phase II clinical trials** for **glioblastoma multiforme**[71]. Both compounds are DNA intercalators. The mechanism of their action involves also inhibition of nucleic acid biosynthesis as well as inhibition of topoisomerases and apurinic endonuclease 1 [72]. However, their mutagenic properties led to their withdrawal from further use. The structural modifications of these compounds led to the discovery of other potent thioxanthones with neoplastic activity. It transpired that some derivatives among them were cardiotoxic and likewise withdrawn (1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (**20**), SR271425 (**21**), and SR233377 (**22**), Figure 9C-E). An interesting example is 1-[[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]amino]-4-propoxy-9\(H\)-thioxanthen-9-one (**23**, Figure 9F), which showed advantageous properties in tests performed with the use of various cell lines (e.g., the sulphorodamine-B assay performed on the **K562** cell line--**chronic myeloid leukemia**, **GI\({}_{50}\) = 1.9 \(\upmu\)M**). This serves as a leading compound for the design of a new series of thioxanthone derivatives with neoplastic activity [2].  
Figure 8: Chemical structure of Norswertianin (**16**) and Norswertianin \(O\)-glicoside.
## 5 Experimental Results
### Performance of FFSP-AGV Parameters
#### 5.4.2 The Number of AGVs
When the number of participating AGVs is less than three, by increasing the number of AGVs, a faster transportation of jobs can be achieved. But when the number of AGVs is more than three, the makespan is mainly limited by the production shop itself, such as the number of processing machines, the processing time of operations, the transportation time between stages, and so on. In the other group with instance J9-S2-M3- in Table 4, the optimal number of AGVs is four. In other words, after the number of AGVs reaches the optimal number, the processing of machines will reach saturation status. When the distance factor is excluded, the ratio of the processing time of each machine will be infinitely close to 1. If the shop manager wants to further improve production efficiency, he/she must adopt other methods, e.g., increasing the number of processing machines in each stage, reducing the distance between adjacent stages, increasing the running speed of AGVs, and so on. In addition, it can be found in Figures 7 and 8 that the number of AGVs reaching the optimal configuration increases with the number of jobs to be scheduled in the FFSP-AGV system. Note that for instance J9-S2-M3- in Table 4 and Figure 8, the makespan  
Figure 8: Effect of performance of AGV numbers on makespan under instance set J9-S2-M3. increases rather than decreases with the increase in the number of AGVs, which is not consistent with common sense. This may be due to the following reasons: (a) unlike the traditional FFSP, the FFSP-AGV examined in this paper is an integrated scheduling problem for coordinating the processing link and the transportation link, which has more complex problem features and constraints, and the computation complexity of the MILP model increases as the number of jobs increases, which leads to the difficulty in quickly calculating the final optimal schedule; (b) there may exist randomness in the process of setting the processing times and transportation times, resulting in the formation of bottlenecks that are difficult to optimize and cause blockage in the FFSP-AGV, even though the number of AGVs is sufficiently large.
# WISCANet: A Rapid Development Platform for Beyond 5G and 6G Radio System Prototyping
## 2 Background
### Software-Defined Radios
#### 2.2.1 Ettus USRP and UHD  
The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) is a product series developed by Ettus Research [48]. This product line consists of embedded system-on-chip (SOC) radios (E series); Universal Serial Bus (USB) radios (B series); Ethernet radios (N series); and wide bandwidth radios (X series). Each model targets different frequency ranges, sampling rates, and processing requirements [49]. The USRP Hardware Driver (UHD) is an open-source C++ library and API for systems leveraging the USRP, which can be used to build radio applications without understanding the full details of the underlying hardware [50]. Conveniently, MATLAB provides a hardware support package that integrates the UHD and associated firmware into the MATLAB development platform [51].
## 4 Experimental Results
### Experimental Results Analysis
#### 4.2.2 MLR Experimental Results  
The performance of the MLR model with various feature combinations further validates this conclusion (see Table 7 and Figure 6). Specifically, the MLR-RB-UB combination stands out as the top performer among all feature combinations, achieving an \(R^{2}\) value of 82.76%, which is significantly higher than the MLR combination without additional features, which has an \(R^{2}\) value of only 67.06%. The MLR-RB-UB combination also excels in other evaluation metrics. For instance, the MRE for the MLR-RB-UB combination is 0.823, compared to 0.1150 for the MLR combination; the MAE is 943,053 versus 1,297,328; and the SMAPE is 0.0835 compared to 0.1111, all indicating a significant reduction in error. The MLR-RB and MLR-UB combinations also show improvements across all metrics. For example, compared to the baseline of 67.06%, the \(R^{2}\) values increased by 15.67% and 10.30% respectively, and compared to the baseline MAPE of 11.50%, there was a decrease of 3.27% and 1.91% respectively, with the MLR-RB combination slightly outperforming the MLR-UB combination. These figures clearly demonstrate the substantial enhancement in predictive performance when the appropriate feature combinations are introduced.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Approach** & **MRE** & **MAE** & **SMAPE** & \(R^{2}\) **(\%)** & **RMSE** & **MAPE (\%)** \\ \hline MLR & 0.1150 & 1,297,328 & 0.1111 & 67.06 & 1,683,193 & 11.50 \\ MLR-RB & 0.0823 & 943,818 & 0.0835 & 82.73 & 1,218,667 & 8.23 \\ MLR-UB & 0.0959 & 1,106,853 & 0.0953 & 77.36 & 1,395,385 & 9.59 \\ MLR-RB-UB & 0.0823 & 943,053 & 0.0835 & 82.76 & 1,217,738 & 8.23 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Performance evaluation results of MLR.  
Figure 5: Comparison of actual and predicted gas purchase volumes using the INF model with different feature combinations. (**a**) INF; (**b**) INF-RB; (**c**) INF-UB; (**d**) INF-RB-UB.
# Coaxial Fibres Incorporated with Phase Change Materials for Thermoregulation Applications
## 3 Results
### Fibres Production  
The different (functionalized) fibre samples were designated by an alphanumeric string, as shown in Table 2, called Fu_a_b, Fh_a_b and PCF_a_b/x_y for the fibres with CA/PEG2000 and Fut_b, Fht_b and PCFt_b/x_y for the fibres with CAt/PEG2000. Fu, Fut, Fh, Fht, PCF, and PCFt indicate the type of fibre (uniaxial, recycled uniaxial, hollow, recycled hollow, phase change fibres, and recycled phase change fibres, respectively). Next, the letter a represents the molecular weight (Mn 30,000 or Mn 50,000) of the CA, the letter b represents the concentration of CA (10-20-30 wt. %) and CAt (8 wt. %), the letter x represents the concentration of PEG2000 (40-60-80 wt. %), and, finally, the letter y represents the ejection velocity of PEG2000 (0.100-0.120-0.130-0.140-0.150 mL/min). In this case, the concentration of the solvent DMF, the solvent NMP, the ejection velocity of CA (0.165 mL/min), the ejection velocity of CAt (0.130 mL/min), and the molecular weight of PEG (Mn 2000) were not represented in the alphanumeric string of the samples, as they are constant values. For example, in PCF_30_30/40_140, where the structure PCF_a_b/x_y, i.e., is represented, PCF is the designation for a phase change fibre; the letter a is 30, which is the molecular weight of the CA (Mn 30,000); the letter b is 30, meaning a 30% concentration of the CA solution; the letter x is 40, meaning a 40% concentration of the PEG2000 solution; and, finally, the letter y is 140, referring to the 0.140 mL/min ejection velocity of the PEG2000.  
While producing the fibres by wet spinning, it was important to pay attention and record whether the fibres were produced uniformly or presented any defects, which would warrant future testing. Table S1 reports these observations.  
In this study, the production of recycled fibres made from CAt in the sheath and PEG2000 in the core was considered, by testing, only to succeed under the same commercial conditions that produced the best results.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Heart Rate Variability (HRV)  
After a 5 min rest period in a supine position, HR was recorded beat-by-beat for 5 min, with respiratory rate controlled at 15 breaths per minute (i.e., 2 s of inhalation and 2 s of exhalation) [27]. A Garmin HRM-PRO chest strap heart rate monitor (Garmin Ltd., Olathe, KS, USA) was used. The R-R interval data were sent to a WIMU PRO device and exported as a CSV file. This file was then processed using Kubios HRV software (Kubios HRV Standard, ver. 3.0.2., Kubios, Kuopio, Finland), where time-domain and frequency-domain variables were analyzed [28, 29]. The software's algorithm automatically corrected for ectopic beats by interpolating adjacent R-R intervals using a cubic spline interpolation method with low filtering power [29]. This low filter option was selected because previous studies have suggested that it sufficiently removes measurement errors while preserving inherent R-R interval variability [30]. Raw R-R interval data were used to derive indices for the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), the stress index, the mean R-R interval (mean RR), the standard deviation of the R-R intervals (SDNN), and root mean square successive differences of R-R intervals (RMSSD). The PNS was calculated based on mean RR, RMSSD, and SD1, while the SNS was calculated based on mean heart rate, [PERSON]'s stress index, and SD2 [31, 32].  
Figure 1: Protocol design. **Note.** (**a**) VAS pain = Visual Analog Scale; (**b**) HRV = Heart Rate Variability; (**c**) VOT-NIRS = Vascular Occlusion Test using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Protocol of fatigue induction 10 \(\times\) 10 repetitions of pylemetric jumps from a 0.6 m box (10 s between jumps, 1 min between sets). The measurement protocol was carried out at the three measurement points.
## 4 Conclusions  
After preliminary tests, an ideal resin composition was established with 70 wt % of tung oil, 15 wt % of DVB, 10 wt % of ST, 3 wt % of soybean oil, and 2 wt % of BF3\(\cdot\)OEt\({}_{2}\). DEA and DSC experiments show that the complete polymerization of the resin is attained after heating the sample at 140 \({}^{\circ}\)C in a convection oven for 6 h. No significant differences have been detected between resins cured exclusively in a convection oven with or without CNTs. When CNT composites are cured under microwaves, a strong dependence of the cure with the CNT loading is observed. In order to drastically reduce cure times, an ideal microwave cure schedule was established with irradiation at 100 W for 10 min, followed by irradiation at 200 W for 10 min, and a post-cure step of 2 h 10 min at 140 \({}^{\circ}\)C in a convection oven. It is possible to obtain a fully cured material under microwaves by introducing 0.25 wt % of CNTs into the resin. With the data presented, it was shown that the microwave cure conditions need to be adjusted based on the desired CNT loading, or that the CNT loading needs to be adjusted in order to achieve a desired reaction time. This represents an advantage, since it allows one to easily tailor processing conditions to meet pre-specified needs. The expedited microwave cure, however, compromises the mechanical properties of the materials. Samples cured under microwaves are only slightly less cross-linked than those cured exclusively in a convection oven, and \({}^{1}\)H NMR spectroscopy analysis of composite extracts reveals that at least some of the carbon-carbon double bonds in tung oil have reacted, most likely forming soluble oligomers.  
Figure 10: \({}^{1}\)H NMR spectra of (A) tung oil-based resin cured for 6 h at 140 \({}^{\circ}\)C in a convection oven without CNTs, (B) tung oil-based resin reinforced with 0.25 wt % CNTs microwaved at 100 W for 10 min, followed by 200 W for 10 min, and a 2 h 10 min post-cure step at 140 \({}^{\circ}\)C in a convection oven, and (C) tung oil.