# Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-Based Flexible Resistive Strain Sensors for Wearable Applications
## 4 Applications
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Materials**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fabrication Methods**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Performances**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Applications**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Stretching** & **GFs** & **Linearity** & \\ \hline
**EGan-PDMS**[67] & Printing technology & 350\% & 1.6–3.2 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Partly linear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Wearable devices; soft robots; \\ electronic skin \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**AgNW-PDMS**[68] & Micromodling method & 70\% & 2–14 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Partly linear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Motion detection ; virtual reality \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**CNT-CB-PDMS**[58] & Micromodling method & 22.6\% & 29 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nonlinear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Human-machine interfaces; \\ wound monitoring \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**CB-PDMS**[75] & Liquid phase mixing & 10\% & 5.5 & linear &
\begin{tabular}{c} Real-time monitoring \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Graphene-PDMS**[71] & Coating techniques & 7.1\% & 2.4–14 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Two linear \\ regions \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Wearable devices; \\ multi-parameter monitoring \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**GWFs-PDMS**[72] & Coating techniques & 30\% & \(-10^{6}\) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nonlinear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Displays robotics; fatigue \\ detection; advanced therapies; \\ in vitro diagnostic \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**MWCNTs-PDMS**[69] & Liquid phase mixing & 45\% & 1.2 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nonlinear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Biomedical industry \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**MWNT-GNPs-PDMS**[65] & Printing technology & 40\% & \(>\)100 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Partly linear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Health diagnostics \\ and monitoring \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**AgNP-PDMS**[47] & Printing technology & 20\% & 4.7–12.5 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Two linear \\ regions \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Human motion monitoring; force \\ and pressure \\ measurement devices \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**CNT-PDMS**[59] & Printing technology & 100\% & \(2\times 10^{4}\) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nonlinear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Measuring joints motions \\ in real-time \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**GO-PDMS**[61] & Filtration method & \begin{tabular}{c} Bending radii \\ (5 cm–2.5 cm) \\ \end{tabular} & \(-\) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nonlinear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Measuring the bending angle of \\ a joints \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Graphene-** & \begin{tabular}{c} Filtration method \\ **nanocellulose-PDMS**[63] \\ \end{tabular} & Filtration method & 100\% & 7.1 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Partly linear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Human interactive \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Ti/Au-PDMS**[53] & Micromodling method & \(-\) & \(-\) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nonlinear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Measuring drug-induced changes \\ in cells \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**GnPs-PDMS**[80] & Micromodling method & \(<\)10\% & 27.7–164.5 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nonlinear \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Health monitoring; electronic \\ skin; human-machine interface \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based flexible strain sensors. on polymer and measures physiological signals [72]. Diagnosis and therapy of movement disorders have been achieved using silicon nanomembrane (Si NM) strain sensors where the monitored data was stored in integrated memory devices gold nanoparticle (Au NP) RRAMs and drug delivery from mesoporous-silica (m-silica) nanoparticles proceeded transdermally [14]. Some weak human motions including phonation, blinking, breathing, and pulses have been easily detected because GWFs-PDMS-tape sensors are high sensitivity and have superior physical robustness and reversible extensibility. As shown in Figure 5a, all test data of the breathing rate during rest and exercise states were within the normal range of a healthy adult.