## 1 Introduction
The experiments were carried out on the displacement of tritium through a 30 cm column with loam and the parameters of the model were evaluated. The experimental results show that tritium adsorption and ion exchange occur during movement through the medium. Ratio immobile water increases with a decrease in filtration rate and an increase in aggregate size, ranging from 6 to 45% of the total volume of water in the sample (medium). It was shown that the analytical solution [20] satisfactorily describes the experimental data, the effects of tailing can be well explained by the diffusion exchange of tritium between zones with a mobile and immobile fluid. The \"mobile-immobile\" approach was used to describe various experimental data. In [21], the usual convective diffusion equation, as well as the equations of the \"mobile-immobile\" (MIM) approach, were used to describe the results of solute transport in a model of a homogeneous porous media filled with a sand in a fracture with smooth and non-smooth walls. The results show that the MIM model better describes the experimental breakthrough curves, especially their peak values and tailing. This model describes well the results for a coarse-wall fracture than a smooth-wall fracture. The work [22] was also devoted to the experimental study of the solute transport in a laboratory sample of a porous media. A constant linearly dependent on distance, exponentially varying (distance) dispersion coefficient was used in the framework of the MIM model. It is shown that large values of the mass transport coefficient decrease the current concentration values in the mobile zone, which means a large mass transport from the mobile to the immobile zone of the medium. In [23] experimentally investigated the solute transport in loam with simultaneous diffusion into the surrounding matrix. Organic hydrophobic substances such as phenanthrene, carbofuran, 1 and 2 dichlorobenzene, trichloroethane were used as substances. The results of experimental studies are compared with the calculated results based on the solution of known and new problems. The model took into account advective transport in macropore, diffusion transport into the surrounding micropore, as well as linear sorption in both zones. The rocks of many oil fields, as a rule, are heterogeneous both on a microscopic and macroscopic scale. A typical example of nonhomogeneous porous media are aggregated and fractured-porous media. The complex trajectory of fluid particles and substances in the inter-aggregate media, fractures and porous blocks causes anomalous transport, so that conventional convective transport equations cannot adequately describe solute transport, transport equations must take this anomalous into account. Such media can be considered to be fractals [24; 25]. In fractals, one of the first, transport equations were proposed in [26]. In fractured-porous media, the transport equations were analyzed in [27; 28; 29]. It is shown that the order of the fractional derivative in the equations depends on the fractal dimension of the media. It is known that for normal Fick diffusion, solute transport is described by the diffusion equation [30], which is invariant if the distance scales \(x\) and time \(t\) correlated as \(<\!\!x^{2}\!\!>\!\sim\!\!t\). Numerous experimental studies show that this relation is violated in fractal porous media. The mean square distance of a particle in a random walk obeys the relation \(<\!\!x^{2}\!\!>\!\sim\!\!t^{2/(2+\theta)}\), where \(\theta\)--index of anomalous diffusion. Therefore, the scales for the diffusion equation must be correlated as \(x_{0}^{2}\!\!\sim\!\!t_{0}^{2/(2+\theta)}\). It is clear that when \(\theta=0\) we obtain the classical [PERSON]'s law. The anomalous diffusion index is determined by the fractal dimension of the media \(d_{f}\). For example, for the Koch curve we have \(\theta=2d_{f}-2\), where \(d_{f}=\ln 4\) / \(\ln 3\). Under these conditions, the equations of solute transport contain fractional derivatives both in time and in spatial coordinates.