## 1 Introduction  
Industrial manufacturing is one of the world's biggest economic factors. While Internet technologies keep changing the everyday life and open up new business fields in the consumer world, the domain of industrial manufacturing seems to be much more difficult to enter. However, in recent years, megatrends like globalization and dynamism of product life cycles require companies to be more and more agile and flexible. Production equipment and processes have to be adapted more and more quickly to new products and product variants. Modularization and reuse of manufacturing equipment is one central approach to address those issues. In order to fully exploit the benefits open interfaces as well as seamless integration of business and technical processes becomes ever more important. Internet technologies like HTTP, SOAP and Semantic Web are providing means to realize open interfaces, to provide well established communication channels and to seamlessly integrate business processes with technical processes. In order to close the digital gap between computer systems and the real world products, machines and other equipment are being equipped with auto ID technologies and computing and communication facilities. In this way, smart factories become a promising application of the Internet of Things [1]. From the point of view of production automation, the classical paradigms of control technology grounding on a signal based view and designing closed systems are not suited anymore for the control of equipment in future smart factories. New open approaches have to be developed. One approach is the concept of Service-oriented Architectures (SOA). In the field of business IT, SOA has been an established element for several years and is used primarily to orchestrate and execute business processes. Basically, SOA is an abstract concept for software architectures that represents different methods or applications as loosely coupled and openly accessible services and in this way allows platform-independent use and reuse. In the application field of business IT, SOA helps to increase flexibility and interoperability. In order to integrate business and technical manufacturing processes seamlessly, the SOA idea has to be adapted to industrial automation technology. The basic approach is to encapsulate all control functions within a factory control system as self-contained services. Business processes are cascaded down to the level of technical sub processes. They are in turn provided by modules or even single technical devices. Those devices represent mechatronic systems consisting of sensors, actuators and control intelligence [2, 3]. In order to use established technologies for SOA (e.g., SOAP or REST) the mechatronic modules have to be extended with communication capabilities using TCP/IP and HTTP. In traditional SOA approaches the description of service interfaces using current standards like WSDL is of pure syntactic nature. This means that the meaning of a service's capabilities, for instance, must be interpreted by the service user. Furthermore, service repositories based on UDDI do only provide a keyword-based search rather than a capability-based discovery of services. These difficulties also affect the orchestration of services. As service orchestration using languages like BPEL is based on the syntactic description of services, process designers must bind appropriate services at design time, resulting in a static orchestration. In order to meet the requirements of future smart factories, it must be possible to orchestrate processes dynamically and based on the current context. Semantic web service technologies can be used to describe the meaning of service capabilities in a machine-understandable manner by adding a semantic layer to the syntactic service descriptions. Inthis way, an efficient discovery and dynamic orchestration of services can be realized [4].