## 7 Recommendations and Future Actions  
This study focused on the northern Shaanxi mining area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Considering the unique geological structure, climatic conditions, and coal mining practices in this area, the study revealed the impact of coal mining subsidence on loess slope morphology (such as slope and slope length) and the soil erosion modulus, which provided valuable basic data for further understanding the soil erosion process in coal mining subsidence areas. Although the conclusions of this study are mainly based on the specific conditions of the mining area in northern Shaanxi, the research results can be popularized by appropriately adjusting the model parameters, which can provide a reference for the study of coal mining subsidence in other areas. Future research should further verify the applicability of these conclusions in different regions and explore how to optimize the model according to the differences in geological, climatic, and mining conditions, so that it can be widely used in other mining areas. However, there are still some key factors that have not been explored, and future research can be further studied via the following aspects:  
(1) The influence of coal mining subsidence on other geomorphological features. Although this study focuses on the changes in slope gradient and slope length after coal mining subsidence, future research can consider the influence of coal mining subsidence on slope aspect, curvature, and surface roughness. These factors have a potential impact on the change in slope morphology and soil erosion, especially in coal mining subsidence areas, where the change in surface morphology may be more complex. Therefore, future research can combine remote sensing technology, GIS tools, and field surveys to further analyze the impact of these geomorphological factors on soil erosion, thereby providing a more comprehensive scientific basis for soil and water conservation measures in coal mining subsidence areas. (2) Soil erosion characteristics of slope after coal mining subsidence under different conditions  
Although this study analyzed multiple slopes (5\({}^{\circ}\), 15\({}^{\circ}\), 25\({}^{\circ}\), 35\({}^{\circ}\), 45\({}^{\circ}\)) through numerical simulation and obtained 15\({}^{\circ}\) and 25\({}^{\circ}\) slope angles as key critical points for soil erosion and slope stability, different slope angles may have different performances under different conditions. Especially in some specific precipitation patterns, geological conditions, or climatic conditions, the influence of slope on soil erosion may show different trends. The steeper slope may lead to higher soil erosion when the precipitation intensity is greater, while the gentler slope may have a significant effect on soil erosion under other conditions. Therefore, future research should further explore the influence characteristics of different slope angles under changing climate, precipitation, and soil conditions and identify other possible critical values or turning points, so as to provide a more comprehensive scientific basis for the optimization of soil and water conservation measures. (3) Soil erosion characteristics of slope after coal mining subsidence under long-term effects  
Long-term effects (such as vegetation regeneration, soil compaction, climate change, etc.) are undoubtedly important factors affecting coal mining subsidence. Over time, factors such as vegetation restoration, soil compaction, and climate change will change surface morphology, further exacerbating slope stability and soil erosion rates. Especially in the process of vegetation restoration, if the recovery speed is slow or the climate change is intensified, the slope stability may be further reduced, and the soil erosion problem may be more serious.