# Fiber-Optic System for Monitoring Pit Collapse Prevention
## 5 Conclusions  
The aspects of developing systems for monitoring the technical condition of opencast mines were defined, as well as other extended objects in the course of the study. The updated solutions related to this topic were analyzed. There are known methods of determining the displacement of stone slabs using FOS and methods of reflectometry and interferometry. Moreover, the use of artificial intelligence technology makes it possible to increase the measurement accuracy of FOSs. The main idea of using systems for monitoring the technical condition of rocks based on fiber-optic mechanical displacement sensors is aimed at reducing the cost per measuring point. Currently, the cost of electronic displacement sensors is quite high, and many companies carry out monitoring using mechanical reference stations, as well as visual and instrumental observations with the participation of surveyors. The cost of the developed sensor is not much higher than the cost of the reference station, but at the same time, it allows for remote monitoring. The proposed sensors are a good alternative to expensive methods that use ground penetrating radar or satellite geoscanning. The proposed solution based on a DFOS operating according to a new method and artificial intelligence makes it possible to solve the production safety problems of mining operations at the Kenzhem open pit of the Altynalmas JSC (Kazakhstan). The violation of the integrity of stone slabs cannot only be determined, but possible emergency situations can also be predicted. The use of FOMS of a distributed type will allow for the remote controlling stability of the pit walls in real time. The obtained results of the laboratory studies allow us to state that the developed FOS has a fairly good linearity of characteristics and low power consumption at a distance of 30\(\div\)50 km compared to electrical measuring systems. Developing the own circuit solutions and hardware and software complex, as well as the use of standard telecommunications equipment, radiation sources, photodetectors, fiber-optic cables and connectors can significantly reduce the cost of FOSM as a whole. This development is universal and can be applied to any mining enterprises, regardless of the structure and properties of the rocks. The cost of one sensor, which makes it possible to monitoring a working area up to 3 m wide, is approximately USD 150; the cost of the hardware and software complex is about USD 2000. Connecting up to 16 sensors is possible to one hardware and software complex. The number of sensors depends on the width of the face where the mining equipment operates and ranges from 16 to 32 sensors with a working area of about 100 m, depending on the conditions. In the future, it is planned to improve the designs of sensors and algorithms of the hardware and software complex, which will reduce the cost of the system during mass production. Unlike the existing solutions, the proposed one has an error of 6.21% at a relatively cheap cost. Further studies will consider improving the system to increase the number of physical measuring channels, as well as optimizing the computational processes. When developing a fiber-optic quarry collapse prevention monitoring system, a variety of criteria were used, which can vary depending on the specific application, context and requirements. However, there are some fundamental criteria that are usually taken into account: continuous monitoring of changes in deformation that lead to displacement of the rock mass and the development of cracks and prevention of possible pit wall failures. Oneof the main advantages is the system's ability to provide accurate results in laboratory tests or in real mining conditions. Unlike existing monitoring systems, the implemented fiber-optic monitoring system for preventing quarry collapses is an inexpensive and simple solution, characterized by low cost and ease of operation (replacement, repair and modernization).