Researchers and engineers are continuously looking for innovative approaches to enhance the thermal performance and functional capabilities of construction materials, aiming to create structures that are not only energy-efficient but also capable of providing additional functionalities to meet the evolving demands of modern living environments [1; 2; 4; 5]. In this context, the integration of advanced materials with multiple properties has emerged as a promising avenue for achieving such multifunctionality. Using phase change materials (PCMs) in buildings prevents rapid changes in the inside temperature and saves energy by reducing heating/cooling demands [6; 7; 8]. PCMs possess the ability to store and release thermal energy during phase transitions, presenting an opportunity to improve indoor temperature regulation [9]. Nevertheless, the practical application of PCMs has been hindered by their inherent limitations, including low thermal conductivity and the potential issue of leakage during the phase transition when they are in the melted state [10]. The most efficient approach to prevent leakage during the solid-liquid phase transition and to minimize corrosion in structural materials involves utilizing a shape stabilizer (SS) supporting matrix. This matrix encapsulates the PCM, enabling it to maintain its molten form consistently at elevated temperatures [11; 12; 13]. Carbon-based porous materials, such as carbon-based foam, expanded graphite, graphene oxide, graphene aerogel, and activated carbon, establish a promising basis for the incorporation of functional additives like PCMs [11; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. These materials possess excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity in combination with high surface areas and interconnected pore structures, allowing for efficient PCM impregnation and enhanced thermal conductivity and EMI shielding [4]. However, the majority of these carbon materials are costly and pose challenges in synthesis. As a result, they are not economically viable for use, especially in building applications. Activated carbon, derived from cheap biomass sources (natural waste materials, such as lignocellulosic materials, rice husk, corn cob, etc., and man-made waste materials like coal-derived products, wastewater, industrial wastes, domestic wastes, etc. ), is an attractive candidate for this purpose [21]. This interest stems from its significant advantages, including a high surface area, substantial adsorption capacities, non-toxicity, low cost, easy accessibility, and environmental friendliness [21]. The use of biomass not only brings economic advantages to PCM's encapsulation field, but also encourages the conversion of waste materials into valuable products [23]. According to previous studies, activated carbon derived from peat soil [24], herb fibers [25], palm kernel shell [26], cherry stones [27], dewaxed cotton [28], waste phoenix leaf [29], pine cone [30], bamboo, pine, walnut shell, and corncob [31] was used as SS for PCMs. Moreover, activated carbon derived from leather wastes [32], straw [33; 34; 35; 36], bagasse fiber [37; 35], and animal wastes [3; 38] has been studied for its EMI shielding properties. The integration of PCMs with gypsum stands out as an attractive and favored choice in building construction [6; 23; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46]. This preference is attributed to the inherent benefits of gypsum, including its cost-effectiveness, fire-resistant properties, aesthetic appeal, and environmental friendliness [44; 45]. Furthermore, the versatility of gypsum extends to its applicability in constructing both internal and external walls, as well as ceilings [39; 44]. Nevertheless, conventional gypsum boards are predominantly crafted for structural and partitioning uses, devoid of inherent features for advanced TES and shielding against EMI. The incorporation of a carbon-encapsulated PCM could enhance these properties of gypsum boards. [PERSON] et al.