## 4 Spectrum of Heterogenous Services for Transport Means and the Communication of Information
### The Information Flows for the Context of Traffic Jumps  
The modern traffic management and guidance systems are always networked in requirements of the high-volume, real-time, traffic data with greater spatial and temporal resolutions that the challenge for traditional traffic monitoring technologies [29]. For this structure support, some critical hardware equipment's are implemented, such as inductive loops, video cameras, radars, infrared detectors, satellite images and GPS. The traffic light control at the city intersections can be modelled using the representation of the multi-optimisation problem. There are several examples of the urban traffic management system (UTCS) such as Real-Time Hierarchical Optimized Distributed Effective System (REHODES), as well as Split Cycle Offset Optimization Technique (SCOOT), or Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATS), etc., which always use a single loop or double loop's sensors as a vehicle detector deployed in the front of signalled intersections. This information is collected to ensure the most efficient traffic. Standard traffic lights change the lights at specific intervals. The time between signal changes is often adjusted according to a pre-programmed time of day (usually peak hours) or when vehicles pass sensors on the road. With cameras and sensors installed, traffic lights can determine if a vehicle is waiting and how many of them are waiting in each lane. Using this information, they can calculate how long it will take to clean each side of the street. These signals can be transferred to other nearby smart signals or connect to the network as a signal network, working together to increase traffic efficiency. Usually, such traffic management strategies and optimisation goals include the strategy and operative management of vehicle's stopping, average delay, driving time accounts. The monitoring data are represented in big data warehouses by recording in time and geographical position recognition such data of obtaining queue lengths, traffic intensities, vehicle speeds, and even emissions. The geography of transportation network studies focusses on the typology of the networks. The studies begin in the 1960s, but still, they are failing to present mechanisms of how networks are formed and grow. Optimisation studies are evident from around 1970. The models are oriented to minimise their building costs, network maintenance, and changes in transportation flows. The models solving minimum costs problem are dedicated to finding the cheapest way (minimal costs) for the delivery of freight amount through the transportation network. In particular, optimisation models consider current and forecasted flows. Network models have a unique methodological background and many practical applications. The specific models are created for shared networks. Non-cooperative behaviour of users, when users select route between origin and destination points, which is minimising their freight transportation costs, but do not meet reduction of total costs in the network and result to the increase of traffic. The move of traffic is more complex in urban areas. Change of traffic includes transportation through streets and intersection. Congestion appears if traffic density is extremely high, and its speed is exceptionally low--the flow reaches the maximum traffic flow. The speed of the stream is at the minimum possible speed. Standard traffic flow analysis started with static single-period models [30]. The static one-period model is used by authors to estimate the costs of congestions. Later, it was clear that the static model does not capture congestions in time-period. As congestions vary across time, it is actually used to revise traffic patterns in period frame. During modelling, traffic schedule is created for period and location. Additionally, delivery uncertainty could be modelled in time frame models. Some authors search for potential options to reduce congestion or pollution caused by traffic.