## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Grain Quality and Flour Yield  
Table 1 lists the results of the assessment of selected quality parameters of winter wheat grain. According to [PERSON] et al. [20] TGW is linked to the yield and quality of the obtained flour, and determines its colour and ash content. No significant impact of increasing the nitrogen dose from N\({}_{1}\) to N\({}_{2}\) on the TGW change could be found in the present study, for hybrid as well as population cultivars. The lowest value of the parameter was determined forHyking cultivar (N\({}_{1}\)--38.6 g, N\({}_{2}\)--41.6 g). The population Hondia cultivar and the Hypocamp hybrid cultivar fertilised with N\({}_{2}\) nitrogen dose exhibited TGW values higher by 17.8 and 14.4% in comparison to the Hyking hybrid cultivar. [PERSON] et al. [21] were also unable to determine the impact of different nitrogen fertilisation levels on TGW formation, whereas [PERSON] et al. [22] demonstrated a significant increase of the values of this parameter values under the impact of elevated nitrogen doses. The population cultivars significantly differed from the hybrids at both nitrogen treatments only in the case of the Hypocamp cultivar. The bulk density is an important quality indicator of grain, determining its accuracy, the degree of grain development, their structure, and the thickness of the coat, and it also determines the milling value of the grain. However, bulk density is not always an ideal measure of grain quality, because this parameter is determined by environmental factors. A higher bulk density indicates a better technological value of the wheat, because smaller grains can have a much lower ratio of endosperm to coat and germ [23]. The highest grain bulk density value was found for the Hypocamp hybrid cultivar (77.6 kg/hl), without the impact of N\({}_{1}\) and N\({}_{2}\) doses on the value of this trait  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cultivar** & **Nitrogen** & **TGW [g]** & **Bulk Density [kg/hl]** & **Vitreousness [\%]** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Crude Protein** \\ **Content [\%]** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Flour Yield [\%]** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON]} & N\({}_{1}\) & 43.6 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 2.5\) & 74.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b.d}}\pm 0.7\) & 44 \({}^{\mathrm{h.b}}\pm 9\) & 11.8 \({}^{\mathrm{h.a}}\pm 0.4\) & 75.3 \({}^{\mathrm{b.b}}\pm 0.8\) \\  & N\({}_{2}\) & 46.5 \({}^{\mathrm{c.a}}\pm 2.1\) & 76.0 \({}^{\mathrm{d.d}}\pm 1.6\) & 48 \({}^{\mathrm{h.b}}\pm 0.0\) & 12.7 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.4\) & 75.7 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.3\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Hyena} & N\({}_{1}\) & 44.6 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 1.3\) & 72.2 \({}^{\mathrm{h.b}}\pm 0.4\) & 54 \({}^{\mathrm{a.c}}\pm 6\) & 11.6 \({}^{\mathrm{h.a}}\pm 0.1\) & 77.9 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.9\) \\  & N\({}_{2}\) & 45.1 \({}^{\mathrm{c.d}}\pm 0.3\) & 75.3 \({}^{\mathrm{c.d}}\pm 0.9\) & 77 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 6\) & 13.0 \({}^{\mathrm{c.d}}\pm 0.1\) & 78.7 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.6\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Hyfi} & N\({}_{1}\) & 44.1 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 3.1\) & 74.3 \({}^{\mathrm{h.d}}\pm 1.6\) & 40 \({}^{\mathrm{h.a}}\pm 1\) & 12.7 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.4\) & 78.2 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.6\) \\  & N\({}_{2}\) & 46.9 \({}^{\mathrm{c.a}}\pm 0.4\) & 73.1 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.4\) & 53 \({}^{\mathrm{h.d}}\pm 2\) & 14.1 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.1\) & 78.5 \({}^{\mathrm{h.c}}\pm 0.4 An increasing tendency of bulk density was observed as a result of applying N\({}_{2}\) fertilisation. However, the Hypocamp hybrid cultivar was characterised by a higher value of bulk density in N\({}_{1}\) fertilisation than the Hyfi, Hyking, Hyvento, Honda, and Belissa cultivars with N\({}_{2}\) fertilisation. Among hybrid cultivars, only Hyena and Hyking were characterised by a significant increase of grain bulk density after the application of the N\({}_{2}\) dose [22]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [24] indicated that winter wheat grain, as a result of increasing the nitrogen fertilisation dose from 100 to 150 kg/ha, was characterised by a higher value of the analysed parameter.