## 6 Internet of Things (IoT)
### Security  
This section details the research that looked into the security of IoT design properties, architecture, and protocols, as well as their practicality in terms of security.  
Four authentication techniques were evaluated in two papers [198; 199], and the discussion of the results led to the conclusion that each protocol had advantages and disadvantages and that these analyses should be followed. The security elements of this research team's new 5G-IoT architecture, which was just designed. At each tier of the 5G-IoT architecture, classify potential security attacks in the context of smart city applications, a security taxonomy for 5G-IoT architecture. This taxonomy is made up of five layers that are used to defend against the attacks that have been examined as well as to secure the privacy of customers.  
The importance of device capabilities information supplied for 5G devices in creating security associations between the device and the network was investigated in two studies [200; 201]. Introduce three new types of attacks against cellular devices that take advantage of unsecured device capabilities information in 4G and forthcoming 5G networks: identity attacks, bidding down attacks, and battery drain attacks.  
Three articles [202; 203; 204] provide a solution that relieves the IoT provider's burden of device identity management while also lowering operational costs. Open-source software for LTE, identity management, and IoT is used to implement the solution. Integrate adaptive wormholes with CRKE, a lightweight security solution for IoT devices that may be even more crucial for the 5G tactile Internet and its embedded low-end devices.  
A framework for a road-side infrastructure-independent traffic event detection system based on 5G communications, big data analytics, and augmented reality was proposed in another article [205]. The preliminary results of a traffic detection algorithm have been provided, as well as a direction for future research. An efficient physical layer identifies spoofing attack detection mechanism for IoT was proposed in another article [206]. A two-step detection approach exploits the sparsity of the virtual channel in Mm-Wave and Massive MIMO 5G communication. The technique finds anomalies in the first stage by angles of arrival (AoA) and path gains of all IoT devices in the VCS at the same time.  
Another article [207] the EKF approach, is used initially to forecast future harvesting power. Then, in each energy-aware cycle, create a mathematical model to compute the necessary energy of various security measures and select the maximum level of protection that can match service requirements while avoiding energy exhaustion.  
The goal of this effort, according to one publication [208], is to build a safe and secure CDS in a wireless network that runs over an SB, which will provide users with a safer and more efficient environment for browsing the Internet, sharing, and handling enormous amounts of data in the fog. There were two sorts of servers in this CDS: one cloud server and one edge server.  
One article [209] explored the security and privacy issues that the available 6G specifications and possible 6G applications may provide. Give the reader an overview of the standardisation activities and research programmes related to 6G security. Security concerns with 6G enabling technologies such as DLT, physical layer security, distributed AI/ML, VLC, THz, and quantum computing were examined in particular.