## 2 Materials and Methods
### Software Tool Effectiveness Assessment
#### 3.2.1 Pedagogical Experiment for Student Success
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Tests of Between-Subjects Effects**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Dependent Variable: Hamming Code GA Average Test Scores**} \\ \hline
**Source** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Type III Sum** \\ **of Squares** \\ \end{tabular} & **df** & **Mean Square** & **F** & **Sig.** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Partial Eta** \\ **Squared** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Corrected Model & 20.328 \({}^{\mathbf{a}}\) & 4 & 5.082 & 12.216 & 0.000 & 0.302 \\ \hline Intercept & 0.072 & 1 & 0.072 & 0.172 & 0.679 & 0.002 \\ \hline AverageGrade & 7.610 & 1 & 7.610 & 18.294 & 0.000 & 0.139 \\ \hline Gender & 2.463 & 1 & 2.463 & 5.922 & 0.017 & 0.050 \\ \hline Year & 0.067 & 1 & 0.067 & 0.160 & 0.690 & 0.001 \\ \hline Group & 2.171 & 1 & 2.171 & 5.218 & 0.024 & 0.044 \\ \hline Error & 47.008 & 113 & 0.416 & & & \\ \hline Total & 3487.188 & 118 & & & & \\ \hline Corrected Total & 67.335 & 117 & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{\mathbf{a}}\). R Squared = 0.302 (Adjusted R Squared = 0.277).  
\end{table} 
Table 8: Results of the ANCOVA analysis. * \(\circ\)\(p\) (Sig. ): 0.679. The intercept shows the predicted value of the dependent variable when all independent variables are equal to zero [35]. The intercept is not statistically significant in this model because \(p>0.05\). This means that the baseline level of the dependent variable (the mean value with the independent variables set to zero) is not significantly different from zero. * \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  Type III Sum of Squares: 7.610
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  F-value: 18.294
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\) \(p\) (Sig. ): 0.000
* Partial Eta Squared: 0.139 The average grade has a significant effect on test scores, explaining about 13.9% of the variance in scores. This indicates that students with higher grades before the Hamming codes training tend to have better test scores. * \(\circ\)\(p\) (Sig. ): 0.690, which is above 0.05. Year of training is not a significant factor, meaning that there is no significant difference in test scores depending on the year the training was conducted. * \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  Type III Sum of Squares: 2.463
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  F-value: 5.922
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\) \(p\) (Sig. ): 0.017
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  Partial Eta Squared: 0.050 Gender is a significant factor (\(p<0.05\)), explaining about 5% of the variance, but it should be noted that the uneven distribution of males and females in the groups (51 males and eight females in the control group, and 53 males and six females in the experimental group, respectively) may affect the results. This imbalance may lead to a distortion of the interpretation of gender differences, since the small number of females in both groups may not be sufficient to reliably conclude about the influence of gender on the dependent variable. * \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  Type III Sum of Squares: 2.171
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  F-value: 5.218
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\) \(p\) (Sig. ): 0.024
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  Partial Eta Squared: 0.044 The training method (group) is also a significant factor, explaining about 4.4% of the variance in the results. This shows that the use of the software tool (the experimental group) has a positive effect on the results. * Error and Total:
* \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  Error: the unexplained variance is 47.008, and the value of the Mean Square Error is 0.416. * \(\circ\)\(\triangleright\)  Total: the total sum of squares is 3487.188. Figure 17 shows a comparative graphical dependence of the scores (Estimated Marginal Means) between the control group and the experimental group with the covariates taken into account. The graph clearly shows that the experimental group (students
who used the interactive software) had higher scores compared to the control group. This supports the claim that the software model has a positive effect on success, according to the data from the ANCOVA analysis.