## 5 Conclusions and Future Research Recommendations  
In conclusion, this research introduces a straightforward and practical methodology for the structural design of large-span bridge construction equipment tailored for Australian conditions, using the Overhead Movable Scaffolding System (OMSS) as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design program. The design methodology encompasses the estimation of design loads, a combination of loads, parametric modelling, structural optimisation, finite element analysis, and an iterative process for selecting structural members, all aimed at ensuring the structure's safety, integrity, and adaptability. Using Grasshopper for parametric modelling, Karamba3D for preliminary geometric optimisation, and Strand7 for finite element linear elastic analysis facilitated a thorough assessment of the equipment's performance under complex load scenarios. The findings from the linear elastic analysis verify that the equipment complies with the ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) design criteria, paying special attention to the variable impacts of wind directions on structural performance. This study lays robust groundwork for a universal design guideline applicable to bridge construction  
Figure 50: Proposed new design procedure of bridge construction equipment. Where the red block shows the possible future research. equipment, encompassing temporary and permanent structural features. Nonetheless, further exploration is essential to refine this design methodology, enhance its adaptability to various conditions, and confirm its practicality as a benchmark for Australian engineers in designing dependable and flexible bridge construction equipment. Above all, the current research identifies several technical limitations that are recommended for further investigation:  
1. Potential future research directions are outlined as follows: Explore strategies for support placement during the OMSS's launching phase. 2. Evaluate the impacts of vibrations from the concrete casting and self-launching of structures and validate the design across different operational stages. 3. Perform dynamic wind load analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel tests due to the high sensitivity of the OMSS to wind forces. 4. Refine parametric modelling to enhance precision in geometry and connection definitions. 5. Incorporate the Organic Prestressing System (OPS) to gain insights into overall structural behaviours. 6. Apply 3D structural optimisation to achieve the most efficient model. 7. Improve the integration between Rhino 8 Grasshopper and Strand7 and streamline the member selection process within Grasshopper to boost efficiency. 8. Undertake both linear and nonlinear buckling analyses to better understand the realistic behaviour of the structure and assess its overall stability. 9. Investigate exceptional loads, such as impact forces, seismic events, and severe wind conditions, to improve stability under extreme scenarios. 10. Conduct thermal analysis due to the temperature sensitivity of steel structures. 11. Account for geometric imperfections and human errors to enhance stability and reduce the impact of manufacturing and installation discrepancies. 12. Optimise the design of the casting cell and examine its interaction with the bridge deck. 13. Conduct sensitivity analysis to identify the factors with the greatest impact on structural integrity. 14. Compare the use of Karamba3D for structural optimisation under different circumstances. Conceptualisation, S.J. and F.T. ; methodology, S.J. and F.T. ; software, S.J. and F.T. ; validation, S.J. and F.T. ; formal analysis, S.J. and F.T. ; investigation, S.J. and F.T. ; resources, S.J. and F.T. ; data curation, S.J. and F.T. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.J. ; writing--review and editing, S.J. and F.T. ; visualisation, S.J. and F.T. ; supervision, F.T. ; project administration, F.T. ; funding acquisition, F.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.