## 2 Materials and Methods
### Materials  
Various material types for windows, walls, and roofs were investigated for the selected house, office, and warehouse buildings. Various types of low emissivity glass were compared with ordinary window glass (Table 3). Conventional masonry walls were compared with other types of insulted walls or wall panels (Tables 4 and 5). Figure 2 shows the schematic of various types of walls for the office and warehouse buildings. Similarly, various types of roof materials were investigated for the office and warehouse buildings (Tables 6 and 7). Figure 3 shows the schematic of various types of tested roofs. Wall materials for the office building were also tested for the house building. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Wall Types** & **Material Description** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **U-Value** \\ **(W/m\({}^{2}\)K)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline WO1 & Masonry wall without insulation & 2.00 \\ WO2 & Masonry wall with insulation & 0.18 \\ WO3 & Wood frame wall without insulation & 2.80 \\ WO4 & Wood frame wall with insulation & 1.20 \\ WO5 & Straw bale wall & 0.17 \\ WO6 & Structurally insulated panels 4.5\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.34 \\ WO7 & Structurally insulated panels 8.25\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.28 \\ WO8 & Insulated concrete foams 10\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.19 \\ WO9 & Insulated concrete foams 14\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.21 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Different types of wall materials for office building. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Window Types** & **Material Description** & \begin{tabular}{c} **U-Value** \\ **(W/m\({}^{2}\)K)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **R-Value** \\ **(W/m\({}^{2}\)C)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Solar Heat Gain** \\ **Transmittance (\%)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline WN1 & Ordinary glass (base model) & 1.20 & 0.84 & 0.88 & 89 \\ WN2 & Low emissivity clear & 0.48 & 2.08 & 0.76 & 81 \\ WN3 & Low-emissivity hot climate & 0.31 & 3.22 & 0.68 & 74 \\ WN4 & Low-emissivity insulated & 0.26 & 3.84 & 0.68 & 79 \\ WN5 & Low-emissivity 3-pane & 0.33 & 3.03 & 0.67 & 81 \\ WN6 & Vitro glass (coated) & 0.12 & 8.06 & 0.31 & 54 \\ WN7 & Translucent wall panel & 0.34 & 2.94 & 0.66 & 80 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Different types of window materials. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Wall Types** & **Material Description** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **U-Value** \\ **(W/m\({}^{2}\)K)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline WH1 & Metal frame wall without insulation & 2.35 \\ WH2 & Metal frame wall with high insulation & 1.81 \\ WH3 & Structural insulated panel 8.25\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.28 \\ WH4 & Structural insulated panel 12.25\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.21 \\ WH5 & Insulated concrete form 12\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.20 \\ WH6 & Straw Bale Wall & 0.17 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Different types of wall materials for warehouse building. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Roof Types** & **Material Description** & **U-Value** \\  & **(W/m\({}^{2}\)K)** \\ \hline RO1 & Continuous deck roof without insulation & 2.60 \\ RO2 & Continuous deck roof with insulation & 0.70 \\ RO3 & Wood frame roof without insulation & 2.80 \\ RO4 & Wood frame roof with high insulation & 0.81 \\ RO5 & Cool roof-R11 insulation over roof deck & 0.78 \\ RO6 & Cool roof-R20 insulation over roof deck & 0.68 \\ RO7 & Structural insulated panel roof 6.25\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.81 \\ RO8 & Structural insulated panel roof 10.25\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 0.78 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Different types of roof materials for office building.