## 1 Introduction  
Given the current high energy demand, improvements of waste-to-energy conversion systems are necessary to promote the rational use of energy and environmental preservation. The human population is growing, and as a consequence, the energy sector needs to meet the increasing demand. In addition, the generation of electricity from materials such as coal, oil, among others, leads to severe damage to the environment, not to mention the fact that these resources are limited [1]. Therefore, some waste heat recovery systems such as bottoming cycles have been studied to increase the global energy efficiency of the power generation process [2]. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems are appropriate for this type of use, due to their ability to recover heat in low-temperature applications and the option of implementing them in lower capacity decentralized power plants [3], as well as, if widely applied in industry, ORC systems should contribute to the global trend in energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. According to the energy consumption trend, by 2050, an increase of 70% in worldwide energy demands and an increase of 60% in greenhouse gas emissions are predicted related to 2011. Related to emissions and their consequences, by 2050, the global temperature is predicted to increase by 6 \({}^{\circ}\)C and, potentially, would have devastating impacts such as climate change, energy security, as well as an unsustainable future [4]. More specifically, about half of the energy consumed in the world is wasted in heat because of the limitations of energy conversion processes [5]. ORC is a cost-effective waste-to-energy technology oriented to produce energy from various thermal sources such as biomass, solar [6; 7], geothermal, or waste heat recovery (WHR) available from industrial processes or internal combustion engines (ICEs) [8; 9]. In recent years, ORC technology has gained sufficient global attention because of its adaptability to different heat capacities and source temperatures, and currently, it is the most appropriate technology applied for obtaining thermal energy from external sources by conversion [10]. Typical techniques for developing low-quality heat utilization consist of an energy cycle represented by the ORC and the reverse steam compression cycle represented by the cooling and heating cycle [11]. The ORC has been used to recover waste heat, which is considered to be 50% of the heat produced in industrial processes [12; 13]. Solar radiation is among the energy sources that have higher capacity and low maintenance times [14], from which it is possible to obtain thermal energy by conversion of the ocean and solar ponds; these energies are called low-quality energy sources [15]. Due to its use in residential and commercial buildings, ORC technology is an excellent small-scale alternative for the replacement of power generation systems [16], where it is also applicable to the degeneration of heating and cooling, which is considered to be an advantage in terms of distributed power generation [17]. In power generation applications, the organic Rankine cycle is considered due to modest structure and excellent performance, because it has been found in numerous studies in the literature that ORC improves the energy production of systems that generate waste heat [18; 19; 20] in addition to low maintenance costs [21]. An ORC operates analogous to a traditional steam cycle system with an organic fluid in place of water [22]. The impacts of some organic fluids on energy efficiency and heat recovery efficiency have been researched, and play a relevant function in the performance of this thermal cycle [23]. However, it is very difficult to find the best organic fluid that adjusts to the system at low source temperatures [24]. Due to international policies related to climate change mitigation and environmental preservation, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) has been limited in thermal systems. Thus, selection of the appropriate organic fluid has become a major challenge under study [25].