## 4 Discussion
The clinical presence of this parameter falls under the reference range shown as nonunion or incomplete bone healing of the mandible, which can be seen as persisting gaps in the radiograph [38]. The elastic strain in the NM-Low Z model was in the range of 1200-1800 micro strains, while in the HE model, it was 900-1300 micro strains. Because of the advancement procedure's reduced bone contact and the fracture site's inflammatory stage characteristics, these ranges were high but within the acceptable range for bone healing according to the previous study. The tendency of strain was prone to decrease at 2 weeks after surgery due to the callus formation turning into hard bone. Relative displacement is the term used to describe the different movement distances between the distal and proximal segments. In every post-operative stage, the NM-Low Z method had a lower value of this parameter than the HE technique. The highest percentage for each technique was at 2 weeks post-operation. The displacement at point B was in the upward and forward direction. In every stage of the post-operative process, the NM-Low Z approach had a lower average movement than the HE approach. Both models moved in the first two weeks after operation because the fracture site was in the soft callus stage and a high magnitude of occlusal force was applied. In addition, this study shows minimum movement in the transverse direction compared to a previous study which reported an average transverse movement about 4 mm in the early post-operative phase. The maximum transverse displacement distribution in the proximal segment was around the goni region, and the bicortical screw was not used to antirotating in the model [39]. Therefore, it was advised to use one bicortical screw and one miniplate on either side of the fixation. A summary of the results compared with other materials obtained from the literature is shown in Table 5.  
Several BSSO modifications have been reported. [PERSON] designed his horizontal osteotomy line to end behind the lingula. The advantage of this technique was that it can increase bone-to-bone contact, but the incision on the mucosa must be extended, and the temporalis tendons had to be detached. This technique was quite similar to the [PERSON] and [PERSON] modifications [42]. When the horizontal osteotomy line was just a few millimeters above the lingula, it was considered a high position. Such a high position of the horizontal osteotomy line could lead to an unfavorable split at the mandibular condyle [43,44]. Another BSSO modification in Thailand was [PERSON]'s modification, which created the horizontal osteotomy line at a retromolar area. This mandibular osteotomy modification was aimed to prevent such an unfavorable split. The limitation of this tech \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference Parameter** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Study Parameter**} & **Results** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{The yield point of the titanium (MPa) [40]} & \multirow{4}{*}{720–950} & Range of maximum of EQV in plate and screw (MPa) & MN-Low Z & 124–1654 \\  & & Range of maximum of EQV in & Hunsuck & 407–1456 \\  & & plate and screw & [PERSON] et al., 2005 [22] & 4–15 \\  & & (MPa) & [PERSON] et al., 2007 [23] & 1.2–1.8 \\  & & [PERSON] et al., 2010 [9] & 1124–1939 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Yield point of cortex bone stress (MPa) [36]} & \multirow{4}{*}{131–224} & Range of maximum principal value of bone stress (MPa) & MN-Low Z & 35–105 \\  & & (MPa) & Hunsuck & 68–160 \\ \hline Elastic strain (\(\mu\varepsilon\)) [41] & \multirow{2}{*}{200-2000} & Range of elastic strain (\(\mu\varepsilon\)) & MN-Low Z & 1200–1800 \\  & & (\(\mu\varepsilon\)) & Hunsuck & 900–1300 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Displacement} & \multirow{4}{*}{Average transverse displacement (mm)} & NM-Low Z & 0.036 \\  & & (mm) & [PERSON] et al., 2016 [39] & 4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Summary of research results compared to reference parameters and previous studies.