## 3 Results
### LW-PLA Findings for Different Print Size and Print Speed  
The findings from the three cylindrical LW-PLA samples with diameters of 1.5 cm, 3.5 cm, and 5.5 cm are presented in Table 6. One-way ANOVA tests revealed statistically significant differences between each group for the mean HU, STD\({}_{\rm xy}\), and STD\({}_{\rm z}\). The 5.5 cm diameter sample is responsible for the observed differences in the mean HU values, while all groups contribute to the differences observed in the STD\({}_{\rm xy}\) and STD\({}_{\rm z}\) values. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Mean HU \(\pm\) STD\({}_{\rm xy}\)**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Flow Rate (\%)**} & **230 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **200 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **210 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **220 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **230 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **240 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **250 \({}^{\circ}\)C** \\  & **Regular PLA** & **LW-PLA** & **LW-PLA** & **LW-PLA** & **LW-PLA** & **LW-PLA** & **LW-PLA** \\ \hline \(100\) & \(+132.2\pm 13.3\) & \(+141.4\pm 7.1\) & \(+137.6\pm 7.3\) & - & - & - & - \\ \hline \(80\) & \(-85.5\pm 17.2\)* & \(-119.6\pm 11.9\) & \(-116.3\pm 12.5\) & \(-74.2\pm 8.1\) & \(-98.7\pm 9.2\) & - & - \\ \hline \(60\) & \(-359.8\pm 22.4\) & \(-340.7\pm 9.1\) & \(-346.1\pm 10.8\) & \(-296.4\pm 9.1\) & \(-284.2\pm 7.6\) & \(-297.8\pm 6.7\) & \(-304.7\pm 7.4\) \\ \hline \(40\) & \(-567.6\pm 38.8\) & - & - & - & \(-497.1\pm 12.3\) & \(-479.9\pm 9.3\) & \(-475.8\pm 10.9\) \\ \hline \(20\) & \(-734.0\pm 47.3\) & - & - & - & - & \(-702.7\pm 13.9\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
*: Mean HU and STD\({}_{\rm xy}\) measurements were corrected for partial printing artifact.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Mean HU and STD\({}_{\rm xy}\) findings of samples printed with regular PLA and LW-PLA at comparable flow rates. Figure 9: Cylindrical samples printed using regular PLA and LW-PLA with a flow rate of 20%. Figure 10: Comparison of \(\rm STD_{xy}\) values of the samples printed with regular PLA and LW-PLA having similar mean HU. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Printing** \\ **Temperature** (\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \end{tabular} & **Flow Rate (\%)** & **HU\({}_{1}\)** & **HU\({}_{2}\)** & **HU\({}_{3}\)** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **HU\({}_{1}\)+HU\({}_{1}\)+HU\({}_{2}\)** \\ 3 \\ \end{tabular} & \(\pm\)**STD** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{210} & 100 & 138.9 & 137.6 & 136.7 & 137.7 & 1.1 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 90 & 7.7 & 4.0 & 5.7 & 5.8 & 1.8 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 80 & \(-\)113.5 & \(-\)116.3 & \(-\)116.3 & \(-\)115.4 & 1.6 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 70 & \(-\)228.6 & \(-\)237.1 & \(-\)235.4 & \(-\)233.7 & 4.5 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 60 & \(-\)347.8 & \(-\)346.1 & \(-\)353.8 & \(-\)349.2 & 4.0 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{230} & 80 & \(-\)98.7 & \(-\)103.3 & \(-\)99.8 & \(-\)100.6 & 2.4 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 70 & \(-\)195.3 & \(-\)205.2 & \(-\)197.5 & \(-\)199.3 & 5.2 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 60 & \(-\)284.2 & \(-\)295.8 & \(-\)291.8 & \(-\)290.6 & 5.9 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 50 & \(-\)390.9 & \(-\)390.1 & \(-\)387.9 & \(-\)389.6 & 1.6 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 40 & \(-\)497.1 & \(-\)486.3 & \(-\)494.6 & \(-\)492.7 & 5.6 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{250} & 60 & \(-\)304.7 & \(-\)301.2 & \(-\)295.7 & \(-\)300.5 & 4.5 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 50 & \(-\)386.0 & \(-\)391.8 & \(-\)384.0 & \(-\)387.3 & 4.1 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 40 & \(-\)475.8 & \(-\)478.4 & \(-\)473.3 & \(-\)475.8 & 2.6 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 30 & \(-\)599.3 & \(-\)602.2 & \(-\)598.7 & \(-\)600.1 & 1.8 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 20 & \(-\)702.7 & \(-\)708.0 & \(-\)704.0 & \(-\)704.9 & 2.7 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Reproducibility assessment of the printing jobs. HU\({}_{1}\) refers to the mean HU value of the first printing job, HU\({}_{2}\) refers to the mean HU value of the second printing job, and HU\({}_{3}\) refers to the mean HU value of the third printing job. \({}^{\prime}\pm\)STD\({}^{\prime}\) denotes the standard deviation calculated across these three HU values.