# Key Issues on Integrating 5G into Industrial Systems
###### Abstract  
Under the auspice of further developing 5G mobile communication technology and integrating it with the latest advancements in the field of Industrial Internet-of-Things, this study conducts in-depth research and detailed analysis on the combination of 5G with industrial systems based on composite structures, communication network architectures, wireless application scenarios, and communication protocols. The status quo, development trend, and necessity of 5G mobile communication technology are explored and its potential in industrial applications is analyzed. Based on the current practical development level of 5G technology, by considering different requirements for bandwidth, real-time performance, and reliability in communication networks of industrial systems, this study proposes three feasible paths for the integration between 5G and industrial systems, including the method to use 5G in place of field buses. Finally, by introducing real-world cases, this study has successfully demonstrated the integration of 5G and industrial systems by extending 5G terminals as field bus gateways. This study provides valuable references for research and practice in related fields. 5G; Industry 4.0; system integration; manufacturing systems; Industrial IoT 2024132048 driving forces for promoting industrial intelligence transformation. As a representative of the new generation of the industrial revolution, I4.0 integrates various cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, next-generation communication technology, advanced robotics technology, and artificial intelligence to provide enterprises with more flexible, cheaper, environmentally friendly, and sustainable intelligent production methods, promoting the transformation of manufacturing towards intelligence. In the field of communication, compared with other technologies, 5G has KPIs such as ultra-high bandwidth (theoretical peak speed can reach 20G bps), lower latency (in milliseconds), massive connections, and higher reliability. These characteristics enable 5G to play a crucial role in the intelligent transformation of industrial systems, providing stable and efficient network support for applications such as the Internet of Things (henceforth IoT), machine learning, and artificial intelligence [5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11]. The difference between industrial IoT (henceforth IIoT) and non-industrial IoT mainly lies in bandwidth, latency, and reliability. Industrial IoT typically requires higher bandwidth, lower latency, and higher reliability to meet real-time, stability, and security requirements, whereas non-industrial IoT is relatively more flexible and relaxed. In summary, industrial IoT emphasizes real-time, stability, and security, rather than being more flexible and relaxed. With the deepening of I4.0 and the rapid development of 5G technology, some research has been made to deeply integrate it with industrial systems, in order to achieve low latency and high reliability. Ref. [12] proposes a conversion scheme for the protocol adaptation between Modbus RTU/Modbus TCP and 5G, while developing a wireless Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) prototype system based on 5G. Reference [13] proposes a solution for low-latency transmission and resource management based on configured grant scheduling, so as to provide Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) services for a 5G IIoT prototype system. Ref. [14] designs a technique to translate the traffic in TSN and 5G communications and tested it in a simulated factory environment. Ref. [15] puts forward a similar technique, which it evaluated in an automotive industrial use case. References [12; 13; 14; 15] combine 5G and industrial systems to meet more accurate time and data transmission requirements in industrial automation environments. However, the practical application of 5G has only just begun and there is still a long way to go before 5G is widely deployed in real-world factories.