## 6 Conclusions and Outlook  
Starting from the necessity of further development in building monitoring and automation, we pointed out the open research field of evaluations in living labs on larger, industrial scales, reaching from the district to the room level. With a main focus of enabling a research infrastructure at the room level, this paper outlines the requirements for equipping buildings in an existing building stock, as well as new buildings, with sensors and actuators. Different solutions are discussed and workflows are provided to describe the necessary steps of the installation process. Within the project described, we use EnOcean, KNX, BACnet, and M-Bus for sensing and automation. Regarding automation on the room level, more than 1800 devices are already in place. Moreover, first data analyses of resulting measurements and control experiments are discussed. The obtained measurements indicate that we can detect and decipher user behaviour patterns, device usage characteristics, building properties, and dependency of control performance on device features, among others. From the presented work, we derive the following main recommendations to serve as a guide for similar research projects:  
1. It is essential to clarify not only the technical requirements of involved stakeholders as early as possible, but also to deal with diverging viewpoints, so as to establish a common understanding for all the participants of the project;
2. The individual characteristics and prerequisites of buildings to be included in retrofitting projects should be identified actively prior to selecting devices and technologies. Where possible, buildings should be selected such that a rich variety of characteristics are represented, making it easier to derive statistics that are more general and more meaningful;
3. The choice of devices to be used should be carried out conscientiously, taking into account the scientific purpose as well as the preexisting circumstances (for example, the general building infrastructure or usage of the buildings in consideration). Especially when there is no prior experience with the devices in terms of their characteristics and behaviour, a test with a small number of such unknown devices is helpful to determine their usefulness. Additionally, if several alternative device models exist, having a small test setup with redundant device models allows for comparison, which enables a more informed choice of device models;
4. Based on the set of selected buildings, a suitable/tailored ICT infrastructure and corresponding technologies should be chosen and implemented;
5. The proposed workflows in Section 4 can be used as a blueprint with potential adaptations to the site-specific requirements and environment, and should be followed systematically. On the basis of the set-up infrastructure and first results retrieved, further work is planned and ongoing. With regard to the project of LLEC at the FZ Julich campus, the installation process will be continued and the number of equipped buildings will be extended. Buildings of different ages, usages, and HVAC equipment to be considered for this are listed in Table 3. An important aspect constitutes the energy supply via the low-temperature district heating network (LTDH), which is also implemented under scientific guidance and evaluation. In this way, a holistic district energy system with respect to the monitoring and control of the energy supply and consumption at the room and district levels will be investigated. In addition to such an extension of the scope of installation, the infrastructure that we set up will be used for experiments and evaluations of different methods from the fields of IoT infrastructure, monitoring, control, and user interaction. A core focus of our ongoing research deals with employing the measured data to extract versatile building models in order to determine, e.g., the thermal dynamics, as well as other energy-relevant measures. These models are, in turn, applied to a variety of research scenarios.