###### Abstract  
This study investigated the accuracy and precision of a commercially available PNT solution that uses DGNSS-SBAS technology. Time and position data were sampled at a frequency of 20 Hz during both a short and long trajectory of a simulated controlled dry-land salam, as well as during a real-world on-water salam exercise. The primary objective was to assess the positional accuracy, availability, integrity, and service continuity of the PNT solution while evaluating its ability to differentiate between trajectories. Additionally, the simulated results were compared with an on-water real-world slam test to validate the findings. The results of the controlled dry-land slam test indicate that the PNT solution provided accurate measurements with an overall mean \(\pm\) SD Hrms of 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.02 m. The integrity measures, HDOD and PDOP, were found to be ideal to excellent, with values of 0.68 \(\pm\) 0.03 and 1.36 \(\pm\) 0.07, respectively. The PNT solution utilised an average of 20 \(\pm\) 1 satellites from the constellation, resulting in an accuracy of \(<\)1.5% when measuring the known trajectory of 50 simulated salam runs. The data from the real-world on-water salam test supported these findings, providing similar or improved results. Based on these findings, a PNT solution using DGNSS-SBAS can be considered an effective means of tracking athlete trajectory in the sport of canoe slalom. Future research should be conducted to quantify its efficacy more precisely. 15 November 2024  
The following is a video demonstration of a competition run: [[https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7379948.v2](https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7379948.v2)]([https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7379948.v2](https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7379948.v2)) (accessed on 25 September 2024). These qualities culminate in athlete trajectory, where the time to negotiate gate sequences is a product of path length and speed, and correlates highly with canoe slalom performance [3]. Investigations into the short sections of a course, via aerial video tracking, within a race run, have shown that the shortest trajectory usually leads to the best canoe slalom performance [3; 7], but little is known about a complete competition run. In this instance, further research needs to explore technological solutions to facilitate more invasive athlete position tracking to better understand strategies used by top athletes [3] in competition, and also to monitor the development of canoe slalom paddlers' performance status. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are typically used in such instances but are deemed to provide low power signals, making them susceptible to noise [8]. These errors typically centre around clock and/or system errors as a result of multipath environments which reflect, delay, or interfere with the signal(s) [9]. Particularly problematic for sports performed in nature or built-up areas is signal obscuration by buildings, mountains, or bush at the receiver end [10]. Consequently, a single constellation channel device is likely only within 5 m error 95% of the time [11]. The utilisation of multiple GNSS constellation channels enhances both static [12] and kinematic [13] positional accuracy. Furthermore, the integration of Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) enables centim-level accuracy in static mode and decimetre-level accuracy in kinematic mode [14]. In addition, the incorporation of inertial measuring units (IMUs) and ground-based reference stations further enhances overall position accuracy, precision, and signal integrity [15]. Typically, in team sport situations, tightly coupled integration units combining GNSSs with IMUs are used to overcome such limitations to record speed and distance data in athlete movement with good (<5%) reliability [16; 17; 18]. However, these Positional Navigational Timing (PNT) solutions tend not to provide information regarding positional accuracy, availability, integrity, and service continuity.