## 1 Introduction  
Among the biggest problems that contemporary civil engineering is currently facing are the strengthening, updating, and retrofitting of old structures. One of the most promising answers to these needs is the use of carbon fiber reinforcement polymer (CFRP) laminates bonded to the tensile face of the member. In addition, the type of adhesive material that is used is important to prevent CFRP debonding. The need for reinforced concrete (RC) structures strengthening is becoming more important, especially when there is an increase in ultimate load, degradation trouble, and/or design construction shortcomings [1; 2; 3]. One of the more conventional approaches to strengthening is using epoxy to bond structural elements with steel plates. There are significant drawbacks to using steel plates as a strengthening material [4; 5; 6], such as corrosion, the heavy weight of the steel plate, the difficulty of forming the steel plate, and the good preparation of the RC beam surface. [PERSON] et al. [7] studied numerically the effect of using CFRP as a strengthening technique for RC beams subjected to blast loading. Three different configurations of CFRP were considered: bottom CFRP strips for flexural strengthening, diagonal side strips for shear strengthening, and U-shaped strips for both shear and flexural strengthening. Results showed that using CFRP in the bottom tensile face of RC beams helped in absorbing blast energy. In addition, using CFRP has shown a reduction in the tensile strain of the beam reinforcements. To create a new technique that can replace steels and alloys with one that is dependable, affordable, and easy to use, extensive research has been done in this area [8; 9]. Therefore, using externally bonded (EB) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets in concrete structures as a means of strengthening and retrofitting has received widespread acceptance in the industries [10; 11; 12]. This method involves using epoxy to bond the glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) laminates to the tension surface of RC beams. This EB technique, on the other hand, results in greater ultimate flexural strength and stiffness [13]. According to several studies, FRP has many advantages including high tensile resistance. Furthermore, when FRP is applied to RC members, it improves rehabilitation performance, durability, and cost-effectiveness [14; 15]. Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is the most suited FRP reinforcement for a variety of civil engineering applications because glass fibers offer the highest temperature resistance, the highest strength, and the lowest cost [16]. The process of debonding between GFRP laminates and RC concrete surface due to the weak cohesion of the epoxy as an adhesive material is one of the problems that limit the development of the use of GFRP laminates as an effective system for strengthening concrete structures [17]. Numerous types of FRP debonding failure have been documented in prior studies [18; 19; 20], including concrete cover separation, intermediate crack debonding, and plate end debonding. The effectiveness of the strengthening mechanism is greatly reduced when FRP debonding fails [21; 22]. Current and previous studies have developed various anchorage systems, such as FRP anchors, FRP U-jacket anchors, and mechanical anchors to postpone the debonding process between GFRP laminates and RC concrete surfaces [23; 24]. The enhanced concrete beam with anchorage had a bond strength that was eight times greater than the specimen without an anchor, according to the experiment results. Additionally, it was shown that the interfacial bond's performance was dependent on the site of the anchorage. Anchoring FRP laminates at their ends with anchor bolts can effectively prevent brittle debonding failure while also improving bond shear resistance and ductility of the reinforced structures [25; 26]. Such anchorage systems have the potential to significantly improve the interfacial bond between FRP and RC concrete surfaces [27].