## Results and Discussion
### Analysis of F3 and F4 Fractions Containing Less Polar Nonvolatile Compounds  
The FdDV sample was extracted and fractionated (Section 3.6). F3 and F4 fractions containing less polar nonvolatile compounds were acquired and were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation in positive mode (UHPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS). The major compounds according to signal intensity (peak area in counts) from the obtained extracted ion chromatograms (XIC) in positive ion mode were plausibly identified. The identification was based on the compounds' proposed elemental compositions and MS/MS spectra (Table 3). Identified compounds belonged to the group of pigments (7 compounds), fatty acid derivatives (13 compounds), as well as steroids and terpenes (10 compounds). The TICs of the fractions F3 and F4 are shown in Figure 1 and the XICs of the most abundant ions in F3 and F4 are shown in Figure 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **t\({}_{\text{R}}\)** \\ **(min)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Name**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mono-**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mass**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **H\({}_{\text{R}}\)** \\ **Isotopic** \\ **Mass** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **(M + H]\({}^{+}\)** \\ **(ppm)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Difference** \\ **(ppm)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Area (Counts)**} \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Pigments**} \\ \(12\) & 14.96 & Fucoxanthin & C\({}_{42}\)H\({}_{58}\)O\({}_{6}\) & 658.423340 & 659.43062 & 3.5 & 388,447 & 11,204 \\ \(15\) & 15.57 & Pheophorbide \(a\) & C\({}_{35}\)H\({}_{36}\)N\({}_{4}\)O\({}_{5}\) & 592.268570 & 593.27585 & 0.5 & 14,419 & 5581 \\ \(19\) & 16.68 & Zeaxanthin/Lutein & C\({}_{40}\)H\({}_{56}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 568.428040 & 569.43531 & 6.5 & 463,265 & 309,962 \\ \(23\) & 17.52 & Sipheneni & C\({}_{52}\)H\({}_{76}\)O\({}_{5}\) & 780.56928 & 781.57655 & 5.2 & 97,166 & 131,660 \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{**(3R,102,14,22,22,225,235)-12-ethyl-3-hydroxy-13,18,22,27-tetramethyl-5-oxo-23-(3-oxo-3-3-[(ZE,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-yl]oxy)propyl-17-vinyl-4-ox-8,24,25,26-tetrazahexacyclo & C\({}_{55}\)H\({}_{74}\)N\({}_{4}\)O\({}_{7}\) & 902.555725 & 903.56303 & 0.4 & 69,855 & 2,573,134 \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{**(19.2.1.16,9.111,14.116,19.02,7]} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{heptacosa-1(24),2(7),6(27),8,10,12,14,16,18,20-decene-3-carboxylic 3-Porhotherapeutic acid, 9-acetyl-14-ethylidene-13,14-dihydro-21-(methoxycarbonyl)-29.05.4,8,13,18-tetramethyl-20-oxo-, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-yl ester & C\({}_{55}\)H\({}_{74}\)N\({}_{4}\)O\({}_{6}\) & 886.560852 & 887.56811 & 2.0 & 677,361 & 38,222,272 \\ \(30\) & 20.18 & Pheophytin \(a\) & C\({}_{55}\)H\({}_{74}\)N\({}_{4}\)O\({}_{5}\) & 870.565918 & 871.5732 & 1.4 & 25,152 & 738,479 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Major nonvolatile compounds in F3 and F4 fractions and their plausible identification by UHPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**F3**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**F4**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.