## 3 Simulation and Experimental Measurements
### Second Proposed Isomorphic Circuit Simulation and Experimental Results
In Figure 38, the low-frequency tones of f1 = 164.8 kHz and the high-frequency tones of f2 = 166.8 kHz were used with input amplitudes of 63 mVpp. The measured value of the IMD3 was about \(-\)39.66 dBc, and the TOI was about \(-\)5.753 dBm. Figure 39 shows the P1 dB of the NBPF measured at the output of VBP5 between the output power and the input power when the center frequency was 165.8 kHz. The measured output power P1 dB was about \(-\)9.77 dBm. Figure 40 shows the phase noise performance of the NBPF measured at the output of VBP5. The measured value of the phase noise of VBP5 was less than \(-\)73.87 dBc/Hz at a 30-Hz offset. According to the NBPF frequency spectrum measured in Figure 36, the dynamic range between the fundamental tone and the largest spurious of the spurious-free dynamicrange was approximately 40.86 dB. Thus, the FoM of the proposed VM NBPF at the voltage output of V\({}_{\text{BP5}}\) was approximately computed to be 3.08 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\). Figure 28: The theoretical, simulated and measured NBPF responses at the voltage output of V\({}_{\text{BP6}}\) when R\({}_{\text{S}}\) was varied. Figure 27: The theoretical, simulated and measured NBPF responses at the voltage output of V\({}_{\text{BP5}}\) when g\({}_{\text{m2}}\) was varied. Figure 29: The measured magnitude responses of the V\({}_{\text{BP5}}\) when g\({}_{\text{m2}}\) was varied. Figure 31: The theoretical, simulated and measured results of the electronic amplitude adjustable. NBPF voltage gains at a voltage output of V\({}_{\text{BP5}}\). Figure 32: The theoretical, simulated and measured results of the independent amplitude adjustable. NBPF voltage gains at a voltage output of V\({}_{\text{BP6}}\). Figure 34: The measured magnitude responses of the V\({}_{\rm BPS}\) with different Q values by varying R\({}_{4}\) while keeping f\({}_{0}\). Figure 35: The measured time domain input and output voltage waveforms of the NBPF at the output of V\({}_{\rm BPS}\). Figure 33: The Q parameters of NBPF at the output of V\({}_{\rm BPS}\) by varying R\({}_{4}\) while keeping f\({}_{0}\). Figure 37: THD analysis results of the NBPF at the output of V\({}_{\text{BP5}}\) with different input voltages. Figure 38: The NBPF at the V\({}_{\text{BP5}}\) output spectrum for a two-tone intermodulation distortion test. Figure 27:0 The frequency spectrum results of the NBPF at the output of V\({}_{\text{BP5}}\). To investigate the VM fully uncoupled QSO in Figure 3b, Figure 41 shows the measured waveforms of the quadrature voltage outputs V\({}_{04}\) and V\({}_{05}\) in the time domain. The component values used in Figure 41 were C\({}_{3}\) = C\({}_{4}\) = 0.96 nF, g\({}_{\rm m1}\) = g\({}_{\rm m2}\) = g\({}_{\rm m3}\) = 1 mS and R\({}_{4}\) = R\({}_{5}\) = R\({}_{6}\) = 1 k\(\Omega\) for the theoretical value of f\({}_{0}\) = 165.8 kHz. The measured FO in Figure 41 was 161.3 kHz, which was close to the theoretical value of 165.8 kHz. Figure 42 shows the spectrum of the VM fully uncoupled QSO at the V\({}_{05}\) output terminal. The measured FO was 164 kHz, which was close to the theoretical value of 165.8 kHz. The difference between the amplitudes of the fundamental and second harmonics was 49.67 dB, and the calculated THD was about 0.33%. As is shown in Figure 42, the third harmonic and subsequent harmonics were not visible in the spectrum, because these harmonics were lower than the noise floor. This means that the THD of the second proposed VM fully uncoupled QSO was small. Figure 43 shows the phase noise performance of the QSO measured at the output of V\({}_{05}\). The measured value of the phase noise of V\({}_{05}\) was less than \(-\)34.7 dBc/Hz at a 30-Hz offset.