## 6 Simulation Results
### Transmission Using Proposed Algorithm
#### 6.4.2 Energy Harvesting Performance at \(R\)  
Energy harvesting is conducted only when the switch selects SWIPT mode for transmission. The selection is performed based on the amount of energy required for transmission and the amount of energy harvestable based on the received signal.  
Figure 10: SNR achieved at \(D\) when using the proposed algorithm for transmission from \(R\) to \(D\).  
Figure 11 illustrates the comparative energy profiles when using the proposed hybrid switching algorithm, showing three critical parameters: energy harvested through SWIPT, periods of no harvesting during ABCS operation, and the required battery contribution. The results are presented across different y coordinates (\(y=1\) to \(y=6\)) to demonstrate the system's adaptive behavior throughout the warehouse space. In locations where SWIPT is selected (primarily \(y=1\) to \(y=4\)), the harvested energy often exceeds 2 J, indicating efficient energy capture that minimizes battery dependency. Particularly noteworthy is the algorithm's intelligent switching behavior--when harvested energy becomes insufficient for SWIPT operation (as seen in the \(y=5\) and \(y=6\) positions), the system automatically switches to ABCS mode, requiring minimal battery contribution while maintaining communication capability. The algorithm chooses SWIPT as the transmission scheme when the required energy for transmission is considerably lower, and only in instances where the system is capable of harvesting energy greater than required. The battery contribution in instances where SWIPT is selected is, therefore, almost zero, and only in cases where ABCS is selected does the battery have to provide a higher power for transmission. This allows us to effectively utilize battery energy and to ensure that the system has the capability to maintain transmission in a self-sustaining manner.  
In cases where ABCS is selected, it can be seen that the system does not harvest any energy, yet the requirement of energy for transmission is considerably high. This can be associated with the low quality of the received signal, which thereby requires higher  
Figure 11: Variation of Energy harvested at \(R\) when using the proposed algorithm for transmission at \(R\) node.  
transmission power to maintain signal quality. The system focuses not only on energy harvesting conditions but also on the QoS; therefore, to maintain the data rate at the expected level, the system has to provide a higher transmission power. In such instances, the system opts to utilize the energy inherently available in the battery, thereby ensuring that the QoS at \(D\) is not compromised. The least amount of harvested energy is seen when the sensor is at the farthest position from the switch. Since the transmission occurs in an indoor environment, this increase in distance increases the path loss and fading, thereby calling for adaptations to maintain expected performance standards. The inefficiency of operating solely with a SWIPT-enabled system under low signal conditions is thereby addressed by the proposed system.  
The complementary nature of Figures 8 and 11 demonstrate the advantages of the hybrid approach over single-mode operation. While Figure 8 shows the limitations of pure SWIPT operation, Figure 8 reveals how the hybrid system overcomes these limitations by dynamically switching between modes based on energy availability and requirements. This adaptive behavior ensures consistent performance across varied warehouse locations while optimizing energy utilization.