## 3 Proposed Architecture  
The safety of construction employees on the job site is an important factor in maintaining their health. In this case, keeping track of each worker's health and the environmental parameters of the construction site is crucial. As emergent technologies enable the establishment of a real-time monitoring systems through internet connectivity, the monitoring of workers' health status and construction sites' health status is attainable. However, real-time monitoring is only possible if the construction site is equipped with modern communication and sensor infrastructure. To implement this type of system, an architecture is specially presented to the construction site for worker safety, using advanced wireless communication and sensors.  
Figure 5 shows the proposed architecture, in which the architecture is an integration of six components, such as entry node, accessories detection and health more, site health more, coordinator node, LoRa gateway, and main server. As previously stated, the integration of sensors and communication technology is essential in constructing a real-time monitoring system. The entry node is positioned at the entrance of the construction site to identify the worker's entry, as well as whether the worker is wearing a helmet, or not using an RFID reader. The accessories' detection and health more component consist of several individual motes, namely goggles and helmet detection more, worker health monitoring more, shoe detection system, and gloves' detection system. The site health detection more consists of different sensors for monitoring temperature, humidity, fire, smoke, and vibrations in the site.  
All of the accessories and health detection systems are arranged on the bodies of all of the workers for monitoring their safety status regularly. All of the environmental parameters of the construction site are monitored with the help of a health detection more. These detection systems include particular sensors and Zigbee RF communication which allow the reading of the worker's health parameters and sending the information to a local server placed in the premises of the construction area. Whenever the RF connectivity with LoRa gateway is disconnected or lost, then the recorded data is stored in the local memory.  
Figure 5: Proposed System Architecture.  
It helps to establish connectivity between the LoRa-based gateway and detection system with reliable connectivity and it is feasible to communicate with the LoRa gateway as it is integrated with multiple wireless communication protocols, namely Zigbee and LoRa. For low power communication, both LoRa and Zigbee communication are integrated in the architecture as it provides the open licensed spectrum. The local server transmits the status of each detection on a regular basis to the LoRa-based gateway.  
The LoRa-based gateway is similarly compatible with a variety of communication protocols; however, in this case, the gateway is also equipped with a Wi-Fi modem, allowing sensor data from the detection system to be uploaded to the main server over the internet protocol (IP). Because the RF packets received from the detection system do not permit logging the data on the cloud server, the Wi-Fi modem was integrated. The data are available on the main server, where the authority may track the status of each individual worker at each construction site as well as the site's environmental factors in real time. Authorities can use the online application and mobile app based on the primary server to obtain an individual's status. This architecture allows the authorities to identify the status of the workers, in terms of the number of workers who entered the construction site, the number of unauthorized people who attempted to enter the premises, and the health of the construction site. Finally, the full architecture enables the building site to integrate wireless infrastructure and environment.