esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# The Pin Structure Design of LaVai-1.5-1400 Microwave Vertical Tubular Furnace Based on COMSOL
## 2 Experimental Devices  
The LaVAi-1.5-1400 Microwave Vertical Tubular Furnace is the latest small microwave high temperature system introduced by Lontek Environmental Energy Technology Co. (Changsha, China). The microwave heating furnace can complete the sintering, melting, and incineration of the material in a variety of scenarios. The microwave system consists of a microwave generator, a waveguide, and a heating chamber.  
The microwave vertical tube furnace operates in an air atmosphere, powered by an AC supply with a frequency of 50 HZ and a voltage range of 220 V \(\pm\) 10 V. Its microwave output power spans from 0.2 kw to 1.32 kw, allowing for continuous adjustment. The system's output frequency is precisely tuned at 2.45 GHZ \(\pm\) 25 MHZ, ensuring optimal performance. Additionally, the maximum operating temperature reaches 1700 K, while the microwave leakage during operation remains below the stringent limit of 5 mW/cm\({}^{2}\), ensuring a safe and efficient working environment.  
The heating chamber is cylindrical and has a built-in heating component for heating the specimen, which includes an insulating material and a crucible for the Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/SiC composite,and the crucible is located in the center of the heating chamber. The internal structure of the microwave system is shown in Figure 1 below:  
The microwave-heated samples in this subject are Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/SiC composites. The Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/SiC composites were obtained in three main steps--weighing, mixing, and die-casting. Both powder materials are provided by Zhongke New Material Technology Co. (Beijing, China), including \(\alpha\)-alumina powder with an average particle size of 30 nm and grayish green silicon carbide powder with an average particle size of 50 nm. The fabrication process of Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/SiC composites has the following main steps: (1) weighing the appropriate amount of \(\alpha\)-alumina powder and green silicon carbide powder in accordance with the mass ratio of Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) to SiC (9:1); (2) pouring the two powders into the same crucible and stir the mixed powders with a glass rod until they become a uniform gray color; (3) die-casting the mixed powders into a cylinder of 5 cm in height and 1 cm in radius using a cylindrical mold. SiC has strong absorption properties for microwaves, so SiC can be used as a reinforcing material for microwave heating of composites.
# Photocatalytic Activity of TiNbC-Modified TiO2 during Hydrogen Evolution and CO2 Reduction
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Catalytic Activity Measurements
#### 2.3.2 Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide  
The activities of photocatalysts were tested in a CO\({}_{2}\) reduction reaction in a batch reactor (170 mL). A photocatalyst (30 mg) was deposited on a glass support and placed in the reactor. After that, the reactor containing 1 mL of water was purged with CO\({}_{2}\) for 1 h, and the light source was turned on. The details were described elsewhere [35]. The gas phase composition was determined as in the previous case and using a gas chromatograph \({}^{\prime\prime}\)GH-1000\({}^{\prime\prime}\) (Chromos, Russia).  
On the basis of the data obtained, the rates of formations of products were calculated with the total reduction rates of CO\({}_{2}\) (W(CO\({}_{2}\)RR)). The rates of the formations of products (CH\({}_{4}\), CO, and H\({}_{2}\)) were determined by a linear approximation of the kinetic curves. The total reduction rate of CO\({}_{2}\) was calculated using the following formula:  
\[\mathrm{W(CO_{2}RR)}=8\times\mathrm{W(CH_{4})}+2\times\mathrm{W(CO)},\]  
where 2 and 8 are coefficients to account for the electron balance, and \(\mathrm{W(CH_{4})}\) and \(\mathrm{W(CO)}\) are the rates of formation of methane and CO, respectively.  
The selectivity of the photocatalytic CO\({}_{2}\) reduction process was calculated using the following formula:  
\[\mathrm{S(CO_{2}RR)}=\frac{\mathrm{W(CO_{2}RR)}}{\mathrm{W(CO_{2}RR)}+2\times \mathrm{W(H_{2})}}\times 100\%.\]
# In-Memory Caching for Enhancing Subgraph Accessibility
###### Abstract  
Graphs have been utilized in various fields because of the development of social media and mobile devices. Various studies have also been conducted on caching techniques to reduce input and output costs when processing a large amount of graph data. In this paper, we propose a two-level caching scheme that considers the past usage pattern of subgraphs and graph connectivity, which are features of graph topology. The proposed caching is divided into a used cache and a prefetched cache to manage previously used subgraphs and subgraphs that will be used in the future. When the memory is full, a strategy that replaces a subgraph inside the memory with a new subgraph is needed. Subgraphs in the used cache are managed by a time-to-live (TTL) value, and subgraphs with a low TTL value are targeted for replacement. Subgraphs in the prefetched cache are managed by the queue structure. Thus, first-in subgraphs are targeted for replacement as a priority. When a cache hit occurs in the prefetched cache, the subgraphs are migrated and managed in the used cache. As a result of the performance evaluation, the proposed scheme takes into account subgraph usage patterns and graph connectivity, thus improving cache hit rates and data access speeds compared to conventional techniques. The proposed scheme can quickly process and analyze large graph queries in a computing environment with small memory. The proposed scheme can be used to speed up in-memory-based processing in applications where relationships between objects are complex, such as the Internet of Things and social networks.  
graph caching; subgraph; prefetching; replacement; used cache; prefetched cache +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Quantitative Parametrization of IMT, Longitudinal and Radial Motion Signals of CCA  
The average value (AV) is the mean amplitude of the waveform and can be calculated as follows:  
\[AV=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}}{n} \tag{1}\]  
The RMS value of a quantity is the square root of the mean value of the squared values of the quantity taken over an interval:  
\[RMS=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(x_{i}-DC\right)^{2}} \tag{2}\]  
CAROLAB output signals were post-processed and quantitatively parametrized in our algorithm. From Equation (1), we calculate offset estimate or AV of longitudinal motion (X\({}_{0}\)), diameter motion (D\({}_{0}\)), and IMT motion (IMT\({}_{0}\)) signals in the preselected time interval before post-processing. Examples of these estimates are shown with the help of arrows in Figure 2a. After filtering and detrending, all the aforementioned signals are parametrized calculating peak-to-peak amplitude and RMS estimates. Longitudinal motion RMS values were denoted by X\({}_{\text{RMS}}\), radial motions by D\({}_{\text{RMS}}\), and temporal variation of IMT by IMT\({}_{\text{RMS}}\). Examples of these estimates are indicated in Figure 2b.  
Figure 2: **(a)** Examples of three signals of CAROLAB output: Longitudinal motion, temporal variation of intima-media thickness (IMT) and radial motion. Average values (AV) or offsets of these three signals were denoted by X\({}_{0}\), IMT\({}_{0}\) and D\({}_{0}\) accordingly. **(b)** Post-processed (each motion signal was filtered and detrended, subtracting the offset of the signal) motion signals of the common carotid artery (CCA) wall were used for the estimation of the root mean square (RMS): X\({}_{\text{RMS}}\), IMT\({}_{\text{RMS}}\), D\({}_{\text{RMS}}\).
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Numerical Simulation Set-Up
#### 3.1.1 Model A: Triangular Lattice  
Firstly, consider the transmission of water waves across the triangular lattice structure, which is derived by putting cylinders at the center and the vertices of a hexagon, shown in Figure 3. Figure 3a presents a typical wave amplitude distribution with the incident wave along the \(\Gamma K\) direction. Clearly, the waves gain amplitude enhancement and energy concentration right on top of the cylinder. Figure 3b presents the dependence of the maximum wave amplitude on \(h_{0}/h\) and \(r/a\) in the ranges of 2-13 and 0.1-0.5, respectively. It can be seen that the amplitude of water surface can be enhanced up to a factor of 5 with reference to the free wave amplitude (the enhancement factor). As \(h_{0}/h\) increases and \(r/a\) decreases, the enhancement factor reaches to the largest value within the searching regions. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the value of the enhancement factor is much smaller when the wave is incident in the \(\Gamma M\) direction, as compared with that in the \(\Gamma K\) direction.  
Table 2 lists the numerical enhancement factors on \(h_{0}/h\) and \(r/a\) in the ranges of 8-13 and 0.14-0.24 when the cylinders are arranged in the triangular lattice, respectively.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & & \(r/a\) & & & & \\ \hline \(h_{0}/h\) & 0.14 & 0.15 & 0.16 & 0.17 & 0.18 & 0.19 & 0.20 & 0.21 & 0.22 & 0.23 & 0.24 \\
8 & 1.658 & 0.167 & 1.637 & 1.625 & 3.906 & 4.003 & 4.004 & 3.974 & 3.923 & 3.855 & 3.78 \\
9 & 1.654 & 1.643 & 1.631 & 4.16 & 4.221 & 4.229 & 4.199 & 4.139 & 4.063 & 3.975 & 3.882 \\
10 & 1.65 & 1.638 & 4.331 & 4.419 & 4.445 & 4.419 & 4.358 & 4.272 & 4.175 & 4.069 & 3.963 \\
11 & 1.647 & 4.45 & 4.594 & 4.648 & 4.637 & 4.578 & 4.489 & 4.38 & 4.265 & 4.145 & 4.028 \\
12 & 1.635 & 4.723 & 4.831 & 4.847 & 4.799 & 4.709 & 4.596 & 4.468 & 4.338 & 4.207 & 4.08 \\
13 & 4.799 & 4.974 & 5.041 & 5.017 & 4.935 & 4.818 & 4.684 & 4.54 & 4.399 & 4.257 & 4.123 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Enhancement factor in triangular lattice.  
Figure 3: Triangular structure: (**a**) The spatial distributions of the wave amplitude in the \(\Gamma K\) direction. (**b**) The maximum wave amplitude as functions of the ratio \(h_{0}/h\) and the ratio \(r/a\).
## 4 Controller Design  
Controlling the posture of one module requires the combined effort of all three of its bellows actuators. The presented controller is designed to deal both with the non-linearity of the actuators and the over-actuation of the system. We define the controller consisting of two parts, a feed-forward controller and a variable gain I-controller (FFvI) see Figure 11.  
The feed-forward control is widely used in research for these applications, for example, Refs. [25; 26]. It uses an inverse model of a controlled system without a feedback loop. For this application, it will provide the rough estimate input. This leverages the lack of overshoot of the actuators even at large input pressure steps, as can be seen in Figure 10, it maximizes the controller speed, and it is generally easy to design and implement. As will be shown later, this system can also be driven by a pure constant gain PID controller, but a feed-forward controller is faster and has fewer errors. On the other hand, because  
Figure 10: Step response of one bellows to step input 5 bar.  
of its lack of a feedback loop, as seen in [25], it is unable to compensate for disturbance forces and system-model deviation. These are the reasons why the feed-forward controller is supplemented by a variable gain I-controller designed to complement the feed-forward controller and dynamically react to any differences between the reference values and actual values of the controlled variables.
## 1 Introduction
[21] achieved global exponential stability and weighted H-infinity performance of switch systems under DoS attacks. More studies are still needed on the stability of switching systems under DoS attacks [22] and switching systems for microwave heating are even less common. Compared with continuous heating [15; 17], the significant advantages of intermittent heat supply are its energy efficiency and the better options for process control, the architecture of the multi-microwave sources switching control system is improved by simplifying the switching control system variables. Compared to triggering over time [2; 16], event-triggered [18; 19] in intelligent agent communication has more research value. When DoS attacks occur, the Zero-Order Hold (ZOH) maintains the system output and ensures that the multi-microwave source intelligent agents system always maintains closed-loop control. The innovations are as follows:  
1. A microwave heating distributed architecture using multiple magnetrons is designed to reduce heating time, and a collaborative switching heating strategy for multi-microwave sources is constructed. 2. Using an event-triggered strategy to reduce the frequency of communication between intelligent agents. 3. Establishing stability conditions for a multi-microwave sources cooperative switching system under DoS attacks. 4 Developing a numerical heating model for multi-microwave sources using finite element analysis and evaluating the optimal collaborative switching heating strategy under various time-frequency distributions.
## 3 The Lossless Image Compressor  
### Design Requirements  
While designing the lossless compression algorithm, we have set the following design objectives:  
* _Low power consumption_ The endoscopic capsule runs on button batteries. So, the compression algorithm should be of low complexity and consume low power when implemented in hardware.  
* _Less silicon area_ The size of the capsule should be as small as possible. Memory consumes significant silicon area and power. So, we focus on algorithms that require less memory.
* _Interfacing with commercial image sensors_ Commercially available CMOS image sensors [16,17] send pixel data in raster-scan fashion. So, the compressor should be able to accept input pixels coming in raster scan fashion which will make it compatible with commercial image sensors.
* _High compression ratio_ The lossless algorithm must be able to reduce the data to be sent by the transmitter in order to fit into the bandwidth of the transceiver and to save transmission power.
* _Support for multiple imaging modes_ The compression algorithm should support various imaging modes, such as WLI and NBI, and should equally produce high compression ratio in both cases.
# Consumer's Attitude towards Display Google Ads
## 1 Introduction
### Hypotheses Development and Research Model
#### 1.2.4 Prior Experience with Display Google Ads  
Prior experience, within the context of consumer behavior, was defined as the information gained from experiences within SSA that act as a vital response in addition to being a predictor for future engagement [38]. Prior experience is a key factor that affects the consumer attitude in terms of intention to click [22]. Several studies found that positive prior experience could increase the impact on SSA credibility and attention to SSA [38]. A negative prior experience enhances the likelihood of an ad being avoided [42]. Prior experience is important as it depends on who sends and who receives the message [43], as the information that the receiver of the message has can perform a crucial role in the acceptance of the message [44]. Customers' prior experience and trust affect customers' attitudes and behaviors [18]. For this research, prior experience is defined as a set of previous knowledge and experiences that form consumer attitudes toward the perceived Display Google ads. It is noted that limited studies examined the effect of prior experience in terms of consumer attitude towards Display Google ads. For this reason, the following hypotheses are postulated:  
**H6.**_Prior experience with Display Google ads has a significant positive influence on consumer attitude towards Display Google ads._  
**H7.**_Prior experience with Display Google ads has a significant negative influence on Display Google ads avoidance._
# Leveraging IPv6 and ICMPv6 for Delay-Tolerant Networking in Deep Space
## 4 Implementation Strategy  
This section outlines the practical steps for implementing the proposed architecture to integrate DTN features into IPv6. The implementation focuses on leveraging custom code run in the userspace, enhancing the LwIP stack, and building a modular DTN system with custom ICMPv6 signaling. The primary goals are to ensure modularity, interoperability with existing IPv6 systems, and efficient handling of intermittent connectivity. The following implementation is designed for Linux due to its robust support for virtual network interfaces.
# Analysis and Design of New Actuator Used for Full-Wide Screen LCD
## 2 Analysis Method and Experiment Verification
### Electromagnetic-Mechanical Coupled Analysis  
Input voltage for coupled analysis is applied with a sinusoidal wave of 2.828 V, which is done in the same condition as in the experiment. The coupled analysis and experiment have the same 1 W input power condition.  
To do the coupled analysis, two different equations, which are the voltage equation from the electromagnetic domain and the forced vibration governing equation from the mechanical domain, need to be solved at the same time. These two equations can be expressed as follows:  
\[V=iR+L(y,i)\frac{di}{dt}+K_{emf}(y,i)\frac{dy}{dt}=iR+L(y,i)\frac{di}{dt}+K_{ emf}(y,i)\frac{K_{f}(y,i)i}{Z_{ms}} \tag{3}\]  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Part** & **Material** & **Density (kg/m\({}^{3}\))** & **Young’s Modulus (GPa)** & **Poisson’s Ratio** \\ \hline Case & SUS301 & 7930 & 189 & 0.265 \\ \hline Yoke & SPCC & 7830 & 207 & 0.290 \\ \hline Mag & N50H & 7010 & 41.4 & 0.300 \\ \hline Top plate & SPCC & 7830 & 207 & 0.290 \\ \hline Spring & SUS301 & 7930 & 189 & 0.265 \\ \hline Mass & Tungsten & 19,250 & 411 & 0.280 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Material properties.  
Figure 4: Nonlinear parameters and transfer function of the actuator.  
\[[M]\ddot{y}+[C]\dot{y}+[K]y=\{f_{Lorentz}\}=K_{f}(y,i)i \tag{4}\]  
where \(K_{f}\) (\(y\),\(i\)), \(Z_{ms}\) is the force factor and mechanical impedance. Equation (3) is derived from Equation (1) in the electromagnetic analysis, and Equation (4) is derived from Equation (2) in the mechanical analysis. An important fact to take note of is that these two equations are connected by the force factor, and these equations affect each other, which means that these are coupled. This is the main reason E-M coupled analysis is needed for the actuator analysis. Without E-M coupled analysis, it is hard to obtain accurate simulation results.  
To solve these equations simultaneously, a numerical iteration method, especially the numerical fixed-point iteration method, was used. By using this procedure, the forced vibration governing equation and the voltage equation can be solved at the same time, and then the simulation displacement and impedance can be obtained. A flow chart of E-M coupled analysis is shown in Figure 5. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results.
# Fungal Pigments and Their Roles Associated with Human Health
## 5 Medical Relevance of Fungal Pigments
### Medical Roles of Other Pigments
#### 5.2.5 Promising Anti-Alzheimer Agents  
As one of the most common forms of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) results in huge economic, emotional, and healthcare costs to individuals, families, and societies throughout the world. At present, there is a relative shortage of therapies available to treat AD. The aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is suspected to be a seminal event in AD, thereby reducing/eliminating tau aggregation represents a potential therapeutic target for AD treatment and prevention. [PERSON] et al. screened _Aspergillus nidulans_ secondary metabolites for their capability to inhibit tau aggregation in vitro using an arachidonic acid polymerization protocol [190]. An aggregation inhibitor, asperbenzaldehyde, was identified. Asperbenzaldehyde is an intermediate in azaphilone biosynthesis. The authors further examined 11 azaphilone derivatives to determine their inhibitory activities against tau aggregation in vitro. All compounds examined were able to inhibit tau filament assembly to some degree, and four of the eleven compounds exhibited a pronounced activity of disassembling pre-formed tau aggregates in a dose-dependent fashion.  
Similarly, a detailed investigation into the metabolites of the Mediterranean sponge _Tethya aurantium_-associated fungus _Bartalinia robillardoides_ strain LF550 led to the isolation and identification of new chloroazaphilones, helicusin E, isochromophilone X and isochromophilone XI, along with the known pigment helicusin A [191]. Based on the bioassays of these chloroazaphilones, helicusin A (Figure 12) was found to be a potent acetylcholinesteraseinesterase inhibitor with an IC\({}_{50}\) value of 2.1 \(\upmu\)M. Given that inhibition of acetylcholinesteraseiseterase is widely considered a therapeutic target for ameliorating AD [192], helicusin A is seen as a promising lead compound to develop a potential novel pharmaceutical regime against AD.  
We should note that the anti-Alzheimer activities of the above-mentioned pigments have only come from in vitro studies. Such in vitro results are different from the fungal pigments already in clinical use, such as the cholesterol-lowering and/or anti-atherosclerotic agent monascin as described  
Figure 12: Structure of helicusin A, a pigment from marine fungus _Bartalinia robillardoides_.  
in 5.2.4. However, the preliminary results as demonstrated by fungal pigments are showing great promise as anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs.
## 4 Discussion
### Compression, Mechanical Properties and Springback
Within this study, it is likely that xylan reaches the level of plastic behavior. As shown in Figure 4c, xylan has a marked bend on the compression curves for the tests carried out with 15% moisture contents, where the material seems to lose its elastic resistance and the length reduction of the pellet has more or less stopped even though the pressure rises markedly, and the curve slope is almost vertical. Mannan's variation in length is still quite large, and for mannan, the internal resistance drops when the moisture is 10% or above. This means that glucomannan needs moisture contents above 10% during densification. In light of these results, together with other studies, we can postulate that the amount of xylan in biomass must be taken into consideration during densification. As can be seen in Table 3, the W\({}_{\text{comp}}\) for mannan and xylan is similar at a low moisture content; however, when the amount of moisture increases, the W\({}_{\text{comp}}\) increases more for xylan compared to mannan, and it affects the densification properties differently. The flexible polysaccharide, eucalypt xylan, demands more energy for compression and follows the same pattern as previous studies on rice and beech xylan [4; 17]. These results are consistent with previous studies despite the fact that eucalypt xylan is tested on other test equipment, and this strengthens the claim that the flexible polysaccharides, especially xylan, affect densification more than stiffer polysaccharides. As shown in Table 3, xylan has increased W\({}_{\text{comp}}\), when the moisture content increases from 5% to 10%. This means that adding water to the peltetizing process affects the biomasses differently if the hemicelluloses are mainly xylan or mannan.