## 1 Introduction  
There have been many political initiatives, at both national and regional levels, to take measures that encompass concrete follow-up actions to reinforce and support the objectives of the sustainable development agenda, such as the approval of the \"Canary Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030\" in 2021 [1, 2], in accordance with the 17 goals of the \"2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development\" of the United Nations [1, 3]. These political initiatives also fit with the efforts of the European Parliament and European Council to prevent, reuse, recycle, and eliminate the waste generated in European countries, establishing objectives up to 2035 [4, 5]. Islands often face acute pressure on their resource management and energy systems due to their geographical location, limited land area, and economic reliance on sensitive sectors such as tourism. The Canary Islands, recognised by the EU as an outermost region,exemplify this predicament [6]. Their extreme dependency on imported fossil fuels for energy, coupled with the intense demands of a thriving tourism industry, creates a complex environmental landscape concerning waste generation and management. This paper presents the anaerobic digestion of food waste as a solution to relieve waste management on the island by reducing the amount of biodegradable material sent to landfills, while also promoting the production of renewable energy. Figure 1 shows how the energy inputs and outputs in the Canary archipelago are graphically distributed; 96.34% of the primary energy is based on fossil fuels and 3.66% is derived from renewable energies. Tenerife consumes 41.3% of the petroleum products imported, mainly from Africa, and, to a lesser extent, from Mexico. Furthermore, by area of usage, most of the 'last use' energy demand corresponds to the transportation sector, which consumes 79.8% of this demand; land transport accounts for 35.4% and air transport accounts for 31%. Overall, 19.8% of the country's energy is transformed into electricity for the rest of the islands' activities. This is followed by the areas of public administration, commerce, and services (14%), and the residential sector (12% of the consumption) [2]. Because of the high dependency on oil derivatives, the energy sector is also the main driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Canary Islands, representing more than 85% of total emissions, which is equivalent to about six out of every seven tons of GHG [2,7]. European, National and Local Legal Frameworks on Municipal Solid Waste Management for the Case of Tenerife  
The \"Waste Framework Directive\", also known as \"Directive 2008/98/EC\" of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste, was adopted with the intention of converting the European Union into a'recycling society' and aiding in the fight against climate change. The 'waste management hierarchy' concept was introduced by this new regulation as a crucial tool to break the link between trash generation and economic growth, preventing waste, preparing materials for reuse and recycling, supporting the development of alternative forms of recovery (such as energy recovery), and aiding in trash disposal. The last actualisation of the Waste Framework Directive 2018/851 (of 30 May 2018) established concrete reutilisation and recycling goals of 55% by 2025 and 65% by 2035 [10,11]. The National Law 22/2011 of July 28, concerning waste and contaminated soils, updated Law 7/2022 of April 8 on the circular economy [12,13]. These laws updated Spanish legislation on this matter and developed frameworks for waste management strategies at national, regional, and local levels, as well as setting minimum objectives  
Figure 1: Energy balance in Canary Islands in tons of oil equivalent (toe) in 2022. Sankey diagram is adapted based on Canary Islands energy yearbook 2022 and from the Canary Government [7, 8, 9]. for the \"Autonomous Communities\", according to the European Framework Directive 2008/98/EC and Directive 2018/851 [13].