###### Abstract  
Wireless power transmission (WPT) for wireless charging has been gaining wide attention as a promising approach to miniaturizing the battery size and increasing the maximal total range of an electric vehicle (EV). With an appropriate charging infrastructure, WPT holds great potential to accelerate the acceptance of EVs through users' higher satisfaction, reducing EV cost, and increasing the driving range and capability. A WPT system based on high-intensity laser power beaming (HILPB) provides an optimal solution for wirelessly charging electric vehicles from a distance of several meters. Despite a large number of WPT approaches, the problem of optimal path configuration for charging EV remains an unexplored area. This paper proposes a method to determine the optimal power transmission path in environments where multiple power transmitters (PTXs) and power receivers (PRXs) are operated simultaneously. To this end, we modeled the HILPB power that reaches a PRX equipped with a photovoltaic (PV) array and validated the model by simulating the WPT process in an environment with multiple PTXs and PRXs using a direct-sequence optical code division multiple access (DS-OCDMA) system. In the simulation environment, upon receiving a request from a PRX, a PTX sent its power channel information through optically encoded laser pulses using each available wireless power channel (WPC). The PRX calculated the maximum deliverable power of a PTX and WPC based on the received channel power indicator of the incident laser beam. Based on the calculation results, it selected the optimal PTX and WPC for its maximum power requirement (MPQ). The MPQ of each PRX was satisfied by applying the algorithm for selecting the PTX according to the alignment and characteristics of the PTXs and PRXs. We modeled a power reception model of the PRX based on a PV array using coded laser pilots and validated it through experimentation. We discussed some algorithms that select the most suitable PTX among several PTXs for which several EVs receive the power it needs. DS-OCDMA; optimal path; high-intensity laser power beam; photovoltaic array; wireless power transmission; electric vehicle +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
the battery's capacity increases, the battery's price increases, and the EV price increases in proportion. On the other hand, there is a disadvantage that fuel economy decreases due to the weight of the battery. The plug-in charging method currently used by EVs is complex, bulky, and accompanies safety issues for users. Besides, it requires a long charging time, causing potential health, safety, and reliability problems. In particular, public charging facilities on the street may be damaged by vandalism and may damage the city landscape. Wireless power transmission (WPT) for wireless charging is gaining wide attraction from both academia and industry as a promising approach to miniaturize batteries and increase the maximum total range of an EV [4; 5; 6; 7; 8]. Qualcomm and other leading companies believe that the convenient and improved user experience brought by the simple, fast charging provided by wireless charging will be the key to the spread of EVs [9; 10; 11; 12]. While wireless charging is also essential, a simplified function operated with minimal operator intervention is essential, but high power transfer efficiency (PTE) must be ensured here. The spread of EV wireless charging technology means a significant change in vehicle charging behavior. Drivers charge the EVs little due to time and battery size limitation and dynamic charging can serve as a supplement to charge when stopping, which can relieve anxiety about the range of EVs. In addition, further miniaturizing the battery can play a significant role in reducing the EV's weight and cost [13]. A large body of literature exists on the WPT schemes for wireless charging of EV through different methods, such as inductive coupling and magnetic resonant coupling [14; 15].