## 3 Results  
### Demographic Characteristics  
The demographic characteristics of the study participants are detailed in Table 1, showing distinctions between the CS group and the healthy control group. Notably, the CS group (\(n=60\)) displayed a mean age of 54.36 \(\pm\) 5.29 years, contrasted with the healthy control group's (\(n=60\)) younger mean age of 33.94 \(\pm\) 3.64 years (\(p=0.246\)). Gender distribution included 36 males and 24 females in the CS group and 38 males and 22 females in the healthy control group (\(p=0.456\)). BMI showed a minor variance, with the CS group's mean BMI at 24.36 \(\pm\) 2.36 and the healthy control group at 23.12 \(\pm\) 1.76 (\(p=0.256\)). The CS group reported neck pain intensity of 4.69 \(\pm\) 1.41 on the visual analog scale (VAS), while the neck disability index (NDI) was 31.48 \(\pm\) 8.63 for this group. These findings highlight the baseline characteristics and disparities between the groups, contributing to the contextual understanding of subsequent analyses. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline  & **CS Group (\(n=60\))** & **Healthy Control Group (\(n=60\))** & **\(p\)-Value** \\  & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline Age & 54.36 \(\pm\) 5.29 & 33.94 \(\pm\) 3.64 & 0.246 \\ Gender: M.F & 36:24 & 38:22 & 0.456 \\ BMI & 24.36 \(\pm\) 2.36 & 23.12 \(\pm\) 1.76 & 0.256 \\ Neck pain intensity (VAS) (0–10 cm) & 4.69 \(\pm\) 1.41 & - & - \\ Neck disability (NDI) \% & 31.48 \(\pm\) 8.63 & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} CS, cervical spondylosis; BMI, body mass index; VAS, visual analog scale; NDI, neck disability index.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Demographic characteristics of study subjects. Figure 3: Illustrating the possible mediating role of kinesiophobia in the connection between cervical joint reposition sense and limits-of-stability variables among individuals with cervical spondylosis. Differences in Cervical JREs and Limits of Stability Variables between Individuals with CS and Healthy Individuals  
The comparison of cervical JREs between individuals with CS and healthy individuals revealed significant differences across all directions, and various stability parameters are summarized in Table 2.  
In cervical flexion, the CS group exhibited a significantly higher mean JREs of 4.43 \(\pm\) 1.43 degrees compared with the healthy group's mean JREs of 2.45 \(\pm\) 0.23 degrees (F = 265.12, \(p\) < 0.001). Similarly, in cervical extension, the CS group displayed a mean JREs of 5.12 \(\pm\) 1.55 degrees, significantly greater than the healthy group's mean JREs of 2.56 \(\pm\) 0.31 degrees (F = 233.23, \(p\) < 0.001). For cervical rotation to the left, the CS group had a mean JRE of 4.01 \(\pm\) 1.37 degrees, while the healthy group showed a mean JRE of 2.78 \(\pm\) 0.45 degrees (F = 236.34, \(p\) < 0.001). Similarly, in cervical rotation to the right, the CS group demonstrated a mean JRE of 4.03 \(\pm\) 1.29 degrees, contrasting with the healthy group's mean JRE of 2.67 \(\pm\) 0.81 degrees (F = 217.45, \(p\) < 0.001). Furthermore, the CS group exhibited significant differences in stability parameters compared with the healthy group. Figure 4 illustrates that the CS group exhibited larger values for limits-of-stability variables and increased trunk sway, while the healthy control group had a higher percentage of achievement (eight directions--A1 to A8) in limits of stability compared with the CS group. In terms of reaction time, the CS group demonstrated a mean reaction time of 2.39 \(\pm\) 0.42 s, considerably higher than the healthy group's mean reaction time of 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.40 s (F = 139.85, \(p\) < 0.001). Similarly, the CS group displayed reduced maximum excursion with a mean of 5.60 \(\pm\) 0.49%, whereas the healthy group exhibited a higher mean maximum excursion of 8.27 \(\pm\) 0.43% (F = 963.33, \(p\) < 0.001).