## 3 Results
### Relationships Between SWC and Environmental Factors in Coal and Non-Coal Mining Areas
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Areas** & **Environmental Factors** & **Min.** & **Mean** & **Max.** & **SD** & **Mean (-)** & **Mean (+)** \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Coal mining area (n = 59)} & Altitude & \(-0.60\)** & \(0.30\)* & \(0.82\)** & \(0.33\) & \(-0.20\) & \(0.45\)** \\  & Aspect & \(-0.20\) & \(0.04\) & \(0.23\) & \(0.08\) & \(-0.06\) & \(0.08\) \\  & Slope & \(-0.33\)** & \(0.16\) & \(0.50\)** & \(0.19\) & \(-0.11\) & \(0.25\)* \\  & TWI & \(-0.29\) & \(-0.05\) & \(0.22\) & \(0.11\) & \(-0.11\) & \(0.08\) \\  & \(\phantom{-}\) & CGI & \(-0.32\)* & \(-0.03\) & \(0.30\)* & \(0.10\) & \(-0.08\) & \(0.09\) \\  & \(\phantom{-}\) & GCVR & \(-0.33\)* & \(-0.03\) & \(0.33\)* & \(0.12\) & \(-0.10\) & \(0.12\) \\  & \(\phantom{-}\) & VAD & \(-0.56\)** & \(-0.12\) & \(0.28\)* & \(0.15\) & \(-0.18\) & \(0.08\) \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Coal mining area (n = 59)} & Sand & \(-0.22\) & \(0.04\) & \(0.32\)* & \(0.10\) & \(-0.06\) & \(0.10\) \\  & Silt & \(-0.32\)* & \(-0.02\) & \(0.41\)** & \(0.15\) & \(-0.13\) & \(0.12\) \\  & Soil physical & Clay & \(-0.44\)** & \(-0.02\) & \(0.28\)* & \(0.15\) & \(-0.14\) & \(0.12\) \\  & \(\phantom{-}\) & SBD & \(-0.16\) & \(0.11\) & \(0.37\)** & \(0.11\) & \(-0.06\) & \(0.15\) \\  & SP & \(-0.37\)** & \(-0.11\) & \(0.16\) & \(0.11\) & \(-0.15\) & \(0.06\) \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Coal mining area (n = 59)} & pH & \(-0.30\)* & \(0.00\) & \(0.40\)** & \(0.16\) & \(-0.13\) & \(0.13\) \\  & SOM & \(-0.53\)** & \(0.04\) & \(0.60\)** & \(0.29\) & \(-0.24\) & \(0.27\)* \\  & SAN & \(-0.52\)** & \(0.01\) & \(0.54\)** & \(0.24\) & \(-0.20\) & \(0.20\) \\  & \(\phantom{-}\) & SAP & \(-0.42\)** & \(-0.05\) & \(0.43\)** & \(0.22\) & \(-0.20\) & \(0.20\) \\  & \(\phantom{-}\) & SAK & \(-0.37\)** & \(-0.14\) & \(0.38\)** & \(0.13\) & \(-0.18\) & \(0.13\) \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Topographic indicators} & Altitude & \(-0.52\)** & \(0.19\) & \(0.77\)** & \(0.26\) & \(-0.16\) & \(0.30\)* \\  & Aspect & \(-0.19\) & \(-0.01\) & \(0.20\) & \(0.08\) & \(-0.07\) & \(0.07\) \\  & Slope & \(-0.28\)* & \(0.12\) & \(0.35\)** & \(0.13\) & \(-0.08\) & \(0.17\) \\  & TWI & \(-0.25\) & \(-0.05\) & \(0.28\)* & \(0.09\) & \(-0.09\) & \(0.06\) \\  & CGI & \(-0.23\) & \(-0.01\) & \(0.24\) & \(0.10\) & \(-0.08\) & \(0.08\) \\  & GCVR & \(-0.24\) & \(0.02\) & \(0.29\)* & \(0.09\) & \(-0.05\) & \(0.08\) \\  & VAD & \(-0.54\)** & \(-0.08\) & \(0.30\)* & \(0.17\) & \(-0.17\) & \(0.10\) \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Non-coal mining area (n = 47)} & Sand & \(-0.27\) & \(0.03\) & \(0.25\) & \(0.12\) & \(-0.09\) & \(0.11\) \\  & Silt & \(-0.29\)* & \(0.02\) & \(0.40\)* & \(0.15\) & \(-0.11\) & \(0.14\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Clay & \(-0.28\)* & \(-0.06\) & \(0.21\) & \(0.10\) & \(-0.11\) & \(0.07\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & SBD & \(-0.32\)* & \(0.09\) & \(0.36\)* & \(0.15\) & \(-0.11\) & \(0.16\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & SP & \(-0.36\)* & \(-0.09\) & \(0.32\)* & \(0.15\) & \(-0.16\) & \(0.11\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(\phantom{-}\) & pH & \(-0.27\) & \(-0.06\) & \(0.25\) & \(0.12\) & \(-0.13\) & \(0.09\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & SOM & \(-0.45\)** & \(-0.03\) & \(0.45\)** & \(0.22\) & \(-0.19\) & \(0.20\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & SAN & \(-0.42\)** & \(-0.02\) & \(0.43\)** & \(0.19\) & \(-0.18\) & \(0.14\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & SAP & \(-0.30\)* & \(-0.09\) & \(0.22\) & \(0.12\) & \(-0.15\) & \(0.08\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & SAK & \(-0.33\)* & \(-0.14\) & \(0.34\)* & \(0.14\) & \(-0.19\) & \(0.10\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Mean (-) represents the mean of negative correlation coefficients, and Mean (+) represents the mean of positive correlation coefficients.
* indicates a signficant correlation at the \(p<0.05\) level, and *
* indicates a significant correlation at the \(p<0.01\) level.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Descriptive statistics of correlation coefficients between SWC of topsoil and topographic or edgehic factors.