## 2 Requirements Specifications and Measurements Gaps
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Need Name**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Need Description**} \\ \hline Agriculture, Rural Development and & Estimates of crop production, water satisfaction index, early \\ Food Security & warning of harvest shortfalls. \\ \hline Air Quality and Atmospheric & \\ Composition & The quality of air that one directly breathes at the surface. \\ \hline Alerting Service & Alert of an ongoing crisis. \\ \hline Animal Migration Maps & Track for animal migration. \\ \hline Assessment of Renewable Energies & Provide meteorological (cloud, water vapor) and \\ Potential & atmospheric (aerosol, ozone) data; and solar irradiance \\ maps. \\ \hline Basic Maps & Base layer information with key geographical features. \\ \hline Biodiversity Assessment & Vegetation indices, information on habitat deterioration, \\ evolution of vegetation parameters. \\ \hline Climate Evolution & Assess long-term climate evolution. \\ \hline Climate Forcing & Monitoring human-forced climate change. \\ \hline Climate Policy Development & \begin{tabular}{l} Informing policy development to protect citizens from \\ climate-related hazards such as high-impact weather events. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Communication/Reporting Resources & Context/supporting and justifying operations. \\ \hline Crisis and Damage Mapping & Updated (24 h) geographical information. \\ \hline Emission and Surface Flux & Anthropogenic emissions, greenhouse gases. \\ Assessment & \\ \hline Fish Stock Management & Analysis and forecasting of fish stocks. \\ \hline Forest Resources Assessment & Deforestation rates, forest intactness. \\ \hline In-Field Data Collection & Locally-sampled information. \\ \hline Infrastructure Status Assessment & \begin{tabular}{l} Roads, railroads, buildings, power lines, pipelines and \\ others. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Inland Water Management Maps & Measure quantity, quality (acidity) and track for algae. \\ \hline Land Degradation and & Degradation risk index, degradation hot spots, etc. \\ \hline Maintenance information & Estimation of the required ship maintenance date \\ \hline Marine Operations Safety & Oil spill combat, ship routing, weather forecasting, defense, \\ search and rescue & \\ \hline Mining & Focused on information for the mining industry \\ \hline Mitigation and Adaptation & \
\begin{tabular}{l} Improving planning of mitigation and adaptation practices \\ for key human and societal activities. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Ocean Color Maps & Track for algae, bloom, toxicity, “red tide” and acidity. \\ \hline Oil and Gas Assessment & Focused on information retrieval for the oil and gas industry. \\ \hline On time operation & Optimized routing and ship speed. \\ \hline Ozone Layer and UV & Archive and forecast information on ozone layer and UV. \\ \hline Forts Monitoring & Monitoring of ports and facilitate traffic management. \\ \hline Refugee Support Mapping &
\begin{tabular}{l} Snapshot of temporary settlements and internally-displaced \\ people. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Ship Positioning Mapping & Monitoring ship positions and information. \\ \hline Situation Mapping & After crisis mapping. \\ \hline Solar Radiation & The amount of solar radiation coming to Earth. \\ \hline Thematic Mapping & Focused on the spatial variation of a theme. \\ \hline Urban and Regional Development & Monitoring of settlements, land losses or gain. \\ \hline Water quality & Water quality and pollution both in high seas and coast. \\ \hline Water Resources & Erosion risk maps, average water available for watershed. \\ \hline Weather Forecast & Climate monitoring, ice seasonal forecast. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Description of the identified user needs [1]. These 10 use cases require 75 measurements. The results of the observation gap in the time frame from 2020-2030 presented 20 measurements with gaps that correspond only to eight use cases (see Table 2).