## 4 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Cipher** & **Signature Size (bytes)** \\ \hline \hline Talcon 256 & 356 \\ Falcon 512 & 666 \\ Falcon 1024 & 1280 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Signature sizes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Cipher Combination** & **Encapsulation and Signing (ms)** & **Decapsulation and Verification (ms)** \\ \hline \hline Kyber 512 and Falcon 256 & 78.13 & 78.44 \\ Kyber 768 and Falcon 256 & 93.72 & 124.97 \\ Kyber 1024 and Falcon 256 & 124.97 & 140.92 \\ Kyber 512 and Falcon 512 & 124.97 & 78.07 \\ Kyber 768 and Falcon 512 & 124.94 & 140.52 \\ Kyber 1024 and Falcon 512 & 156.21 & 156.21 \\ Kyber 512 and Falcon 1024 & 187.45 & 109.68 \\ Kyber 768 and Falcon 1024 & 203.11 & 156.23 \\ Kyber 1024 and Falcon 1024 & 250.19 & 171.86 \\ Kyber 512 and Dilithium 2 & 187.45 & 140.52 \\ Kyber 768 and Dilithium 2 & 422.10 & 171.84 \\ Kyber 1024 and Dilithium 2 & 437.77 & 203.48 \\ Kyber 512 and Dilithium 3 & 359.29 & 171.83 \\ Kyber 768 and Dilithium 3 & 593.94 & 203.07 \\ Kyber 1024 and Dilithium 3 & 453.01 & 234.37 \\ Kyber 512 and Dilithium 5 & 656.02 & 249.94 \\ Kyber 768 and Dilithium 5 & 718.61 & 296.77 \\ Kyber 1024 and Dilithium 5 & 1000.07 & 312.75 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Encapsulation and signing, decapsulation, and verification times. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Cipher** & **Signature Size (bytes)** \\ \hline \hline Talcon 256 & 356 \\ Talcon 512 & 666 \\ Falcon 1024 & 1280 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Signature sizes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Cipher Combination** & **Encapsulation and Signing (ms)** & **Decapsulation and Verification (ms)** \\ \hline \hline Kyber 512 and Falcon 256 & 78.13 & 78.44 \\ Kyber 768 and Falcon 256 & 93.72 & 124.97 \\ Kyber 1024 and Falcon 256 & 124.97 & 140.92 \\ Kyber 512 and Falcon 512 & 124.97 & 78.07 \\ Kyber 768 and Falcon 512 & 124.94 & 140.52 \\ Kyber 1024 and Falcon 512 & 156.21 & 156.21 \\ Kyber 512 and Falcon 1024 & 187.45 & 109.68 \\ Kyber 768 and Falcon 1024 & 203.11 & 156.23 \\ Kyber 1024 and Falcon 1024 & 250.19 & 171.86 \\ Kyber 512 and Dilithium 2 & 187.45 & 140.52 \\ Kyber 768 and Dilithium 2 & 422.10 & 171.84 \\ Kyber 1024 and Dilithium 2 & 437.77 & 203.48 \\ Kyber 512 and Dilithium 3 & 359.29 & 171.83 \\ Kyber 768 and Dilithium 3 & 593.94 & 203.07 \\ Kyber 1024 and Dilithium 3 & 453.01 & 234.37 \\ Kyber 512 and Dilithium 5 & 656.02 & 249.94 \\ Kyber 768 and Dilithium 5 & 718.61 & 296.77 \\ Kyber 1024 and Dilithium 5 & 1000.07 & 312.75 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Cipher sizes. generation times at higher security levels (up to 39,045.80 ms for RSA-15360). Falcon, while efficient in operational times, requires extensive key generation times (up to 10,016.76 ms for Falcon 512), which makes it less suitable for applications requiring quick key setup. In contrast, Kyber 512 with Dilithium 3 maintains a balance by providing a total key generation time of 124.93 ms (31.2 ms for Kyber 512 and 93.73 ms for Dilithium 3). This combination also offers reasonable operational times with encapsulation and signing at 359.29 ms and decapsulation and verification at 171.83 ms. As a result, Kyber 512 and Dilithium 3 present a compelling option that provides the best combination of efficient key generation, reasonable operational times, and high security requirements, making them an acceptable substitute to both RSA and Falcon in post-quantum cryptographic applications.