## 3 Results
### Patent Mapping
As the class level progresses and technological information is described in more depth, the most frequent subclass is G06T (Image Data Processing and Generation, containing the following subgroups: manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics; 19/20--editing of 3D images, e.g., changing shapes or colors, aligning objects, or positioning parts; 7/00--image analysis), followed by G06F (Electric Digital Data Processing, containing the following subgroups: 3/0176--input arrangements or combined input and output  
Figure 4: Top 10 patents assignees. Figure 5: Classification of patent applications. arrangements for interaction between users; 3/0481--computer and interaction techniques, based on graphical user interfaces). Other patents are grouped under G06K (Data Recognition and Presentation), G03H (Holographic Processes or Apparatus), and G02B (Optical Elements, Systems, or Apparatus) subclasses. In terms of technology trends, Figure 7 illustrates the technologies that are currently being developed and patented. The findings reveal the most current breakthroughs as well as those that are novel and growing. The block chart shows 30 different technology classifications. We determined that the top three technology groups that have led this subject in the previous five years can be classified by inclusion of the following: (1) augmented reality, three-dimensional, processing, rendering, model, and storage medium; (2) computing, transitory, touch, information processing, user, virtual, and management; (3) holographic and hologram. These technologies are present in 72% of the patent records in the set. The number of technologies reflects recent innovations and provides an overview of the \"state of the market\" and market segmentation. Larger percentages of tech interests indicate saturation, while lesser percentages indicate diversified tech representation. Since 2020, there has been a substantial increase in the pace of innovation in the sector. The top technology classification (augmented reality, object, three-dimensional, processing, rendering, model, and storage medium) peaked in 2021 and has increased by an average of 11 patent records each year since then. Furthermore, with over 83% of all technologies represented, 2021 had the largest technical diversity. These promising results back up our prior estimates that the exponential growth of virtual reality and digital human modeling research and applications will continue in the coming years. These data offered an overview of innovations related to virtual reality and digital human modeling for analyzing ergonomics in a broader context. At this point, we conducted a focused search for current inventions that target the integration of virtual reality and digital human modeling technologies in evaluating physical ergonomics in the industry, throughout the product design process. Table 1 displays two patents that we consider to be noteworthy. The proposition of US11062520B2 [33] active patent is a portable device with an ergonomic scoring system, used to score ergonomic data in relation to machines, workplaces, and environments. The invention's novelty is that the portable device has a display that enables users to view a real environment. A computer, connected with this display, includes processors and a memory that stores instructions, executable by the processors. The  
Figure 6: International patent classification (IPC). processor determines a virtual surface model that is associated with a real object in the real environment, using sensor data. The processor provides a three-dimensional digital human model that is located within the real environment via the display, and moves the digital human model relative to the virtual surface model. The processor restricts that the digital human model and the virtual surface model occupy a common 3D space. As a result, the advantage of the invention is that the portable device can display the stresses so that the user can make real-time ergonomic assessment and the ergonomic data can be collected effectively.