# Design and Implementation of Adam: A Humanoid Robotic Head with Social Interaction Capabilities
## 5 Conclusions and Future Work  
While a detailed statistical study on its acceptability and usefulness in specific roles is planned for future research, this paper presents the successful development and implementation of the humanoid robotic head, Adam.  
Adam incorporates a mechanism with servo motors and a servo controller board to enable precise and lifelike movements of the eyes, jaw, and neck. The system includes a camera for face tracking and integrates with the ChatGPT server to generate responses. The performance of the system has been evaluated through user testing sessions, including the accuracy of responses and the ability to maintain eye contact with users. Adam has also been showcased at several events and was positively received by most people who interacted with it.  
Adam can be used as an interactive research platform in human-robot interaction for areas like education and visitor reception. It incorporates 3D modeling and additive manufacturing, along with actuation and computing technologies, into an embodiment as a configurable humanoid platform. This ensures its structural integrity and flexibility with  
Figure 13: Number of accurate answers provided by Adam to the 5 questions asked by each interlocutor among 10.  
smooth and realistic movements. Compared with existing robotic platforms (characteristics are summarized in Table 1), Adam features a relatively high number of degrees of freedom. It has both vision and sound acquisition capabilities along with sound emission. Additionally, it boasts realistic expressiveness and a lifelike design, which are easy to manufacture and assemble, with a production cost not exceeding USD 650. Beyond its ability to track persons visually and engage in conversations, Adam's programmability and multi-freedom extend its potential for more tasks and features.  
Moving forward, future work for this project involves expanding the capabilities of Adam. The next phase will focus on developing a body to accompany the robot head, enabling a more complete humanoid appearance. Additionally, plans include incorporating skin-like materials to enhance the face, making it more human-like in terms of appearance and texture. This will improve [PERSON]'s facial movements and positively impact their communication process with humans. Additionally, [PERSON]'s interaction capabilities can be improved to take into account more than one person at once. In the presence of several persons, the robot needs to define its current interlocutor at each time. This can be done by detecting the speaking person through lip motion or estimating the direction of sound emission as a first step, followed by orienting the head toward this person. To this end, more signal processing hardware and software equipment can be added, and the Adam platform offers the flexibility to allow it.  
Conceptualization, S.S., K.Y., S.A. and B.P.; methodology, K.Y., S.S., S.A. and T.B.; software, K.Y. and S.S.; validation, S.S., S.A. and G.A.; formal analysis, K.Y.; investigation, B.P. and S.S.; resources, K.Y., S.S., S.A. and T.B.; data curation, B.P. and S.S.; writing--original draft preparation, G.A., K.Y. and S.S.; writing--review and editing, K.Y., S.S., S.A. and T.B.; visualization, K.Y. and B.P.; supervision, S.A. and T.B.; project administration, S.S. and T.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript  
This research received no external funding.  
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.