# Dairy Product Consumption and Preferences of Polish and Taiwanese Students--NPD Case Study
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Most Commonly Consumed Dairy Products  
A total of 89% of Polish students indicated milk as their most commonly consumed dairy product (Figure 1), followed by yoghurts and ripened cheees (80% and 69% of indications, respectively). Further products frequently indicated by consumers were typical Polish dairy products: cottage cheese (52%), quark (45%) and cream cheese (42%). Among the dairy products indicated were also Greek-type yoghurt (38%), cream/sour cream (37%), blue cheese (36%), kefir (28%) and homogenized cheese (24%). Less frequently, Polish students indicated consumption of melted cheese (14%), buttermilk (13%), flavored milk (7%), condensed milk (3%), milk desserts (3%) and powdered milk (1%). A total of 95% of Taiwanese students also mentioned milk as their most consumed dairy product (Figure 1). Then, the most popular products were yoghurt (71%), but especially drinking-type yoghurt (81%). Drinking-type yoghurt was singled out from the \"yogurt\" product category due to its very high consumption and Taiwanese consumers not treating it as the same product as yogurt in a cup with a solid consistency, to be eaten with a spoon. Other dairy products indicated by the Taiwanese were milk desserts (70%), Yakult (69%), ripened cheese (65%) and flavored milk (59%). Yakult (milk drink with _Lactobacillus casei_ Shirota) is a probiotic product very well known in Japan and Taiwan (more than  
Figure 1: Most commonly consumed dairy products (%) (* products typical for Poland, ** products typical for Taiwan). 50 years on the market) [23] but is not available on the Polish market. Less frequently, Taiwanese indicated consumption of cream (38%), condensed milk (28%) and powdered milk (21%). The rest of the products shown in Figure 1, which were indicated by Poles, are not available on the Taiwanese market and were therefore not indicated by the Taiwanese. In the case of respondents from both countries, most of them indicated consumption of milk and yoghurt. The choice of dairy products on the Polish market is enormous, so we can see that among the wide assortment there are dairy products more and less frequently chosen and thus more and less preferred by Polish students. Taiwanese dairy products almost all exhibited high and medium popularity; this may indicate a high demand for dairy products in the country even though there is a low supply [3]. A 2008 USDA report reminds us that Taiwan does not produce enough milk to make dairy products from it in commercial quantities, so the availability of these products is limited [24]. Yogurt and kefir were among the most frequently consumed fermented products among Polish respondents, which is confirmed by [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s [25] study conducted with Polish students. According to this study, students also consumed yogurt and kefir most frequently among fermented beverages. [PERSON] [26] identifies yellow-rennet cheese as the cheese most frequently chosen by students from among the cheeses available on the market. The IODIT source also confirms that milk and fermented beverages are the products most frequently purchased in Taiwan [27]. However, from the data on the consumption of the surveyed Taiwanese students, milk powder differs from the New Post data from 2015, where the consumption of this product is at the same level (2017) as rennet cheese--about 30,000 tons per year [28]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] pointed to the low frequency of consumption of dairy desserts (including ice cream) among Poles--35% of consumers declared buying them only a few times a month. Differences in the consumption of dairy desserts may also be due to the specific consumption habits of different foods prevailing in given countries [29]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [30] indicate that milk, flavored milk and yoghurt account for 90% of the total dairy market in Taiwan. If we look at the data from 2004 to 2018 on the consumption of dairy products in Poland, we can see that consumption habits have changed significantly.