# Integrating a Blockchain-Based Governance Framework for Responsible AI
## 2 Programming Smart Contracts for Responsible AI
### Implementation Tools  
Currently, there are a limited number of tools available for implementing smart contracts for responsible AI [61]. The availability of such tools depends on the specific use case and framework that is being implemented. However, there are a number of general-purpose smart contract platforms, such as Ethereum, EOS, and Hyperledger that can be used to build smart contracts for a variety of different use cases, including responsible AI [62]. Limited number of tools and platforms are available that have been developed specifically for implementing responsible AI using smart contracts [63]. For example, Ocean Protocol is a decentralized data exchange protocol that uses smart contracts to ensure that data are shared in a responsible and transparent way [64]. Algorand is another decentralized platform that provides smart contract capabilities and is designed to support scalable and secure execution of smart contracts [65]. Other generic off-the-shelf solutions include:  
* **OpenLaw ([[https://www.openlaw.io/](https://www.openlaw.io/)]([https://www.openlaw.io/](https://www.openlaw.io/)) (accessed on 22 January 2023)):** An open-source platform that allows users to create, manage, and execute smart legal agreements using natural language, it can be used to encode ethical guidelines for AI decision-making into smart contracts. * **ChainGuard ([[https://www.chainguard.dev/](https://www.chainguard.dev/)]([https://www.chainguard.dev/](https://www.chainguard.dev/)) (accessed on 22 January 2023)):** A tool that uses formal verification to automatically check whether smart contracts meet specified safety and security properties. It can be used to ensure that AI decision-making smart contracts comply with ethical guidelines. * **AI-Guard ([[https://www.revelis.eu/en/products/ai-guard-software-solution/](https://www.revelis.eu/en/products/ai-guard-software-solution/)]([https://www.revelis.eu/en/products/ai-guard-software-solution/](https://www.revelis.eu/en/products/ai-guard-software-solution/)) (accessed on 22 January 2023)):** A tool that uses formal methods to check whether AI models satisfy certain properties, such as fairness and robustness. It can be integrated with smart contract platforms to ensure that deployed AI models comply with ethical guidelines. * **DeepTrust ([[https://www.deeptrustalliance.org/](https://www.deeptrustalliance.org/)]([https://www.deeptrustalliance.org/](https://www.deeptrustalliance.org/)) (accessed on 22 January 2023)):** A blockchain-based platform that enables explainable AI and trustworthy machine learning models, DeepTrust allows for automated compliance checking and dispute resolution through smart contracts. * **AI Ethics Lab ([[https://www.aiethicslab.com/](https://www.aiethicslab.com/)]([https://www.aiethicslab.com/](https://www.aiethicslab.com/)) (accessed on 22 January 2023)):** A platform that provides a framework for creating, testing and deploying AI systems that align with ethical principles. It provides a library of pre-defined ethical guidelines and can be used to automatically generate smart contracts that enforce these guidelines. These are only a few examples of the tools that can be used to automatically program smart contracts for responsible AI. It is important to note that these tools may not be suitable for every use case, and that the appropriateness of a tool depends on the specific requirements of the AI system in question. While there are currently no specific standards and regulations specifically for smart contracts in responsible AI, there are general guide lines and best practices that organizations can follow when developing and deploying AI systems. One framework that organizations can follow is the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems [66], which provides a set of ethical principles for the development and use of AI systems. Another is the Asilomar AI Principles [67], which provide a set of guidelines for the responsible development and use of AI.