# A Model for Creating Interactive eBooks for eLearning
## 2 Related Work  
The use of new technologies in the book industry has produced as the main novelty [1] the appearance of electronic books. The concept of the electronic book [2] is a combination of hardware and software that tries to emulate the physical book. In this sense, an electronic book is composed of a hardware device called an eReader on which special software is executed that is capable of executing and displaying electronic documents encoded according to a public or proprietary standard such as epub [3] that receives the name of ebooks [4]. However, mostly, the concept of the electronic book is associated with ebooks [5], since they are the ones that actually contain the book. The eReader is exclusively one of the possible means to view them, since an ebook can be viewed using other devices such as smartphones, tablets, or computers (the only thing necessary to read an ebook is the possession of software [6] capable of reading the ebook encoding format, which is device-independent). The advent of electronic books represented a momentous change for both writers and readers in many ways [7]. In the case of the writer, the production of the book becomes an electronic edition of content [1], for which they can use anything from a text editor to more sophisticated editors oriented to specific ebook-encoding formats. In the case of the reader, the electronic format of ebooks opens up a range of possibilities for interaction [8] with the contents, which were not possible in the traditional physical format. In physical books, the interaction is static since it is limited to reading the printed text in the book. However, in an electronic book, the digitized text is complemented by other resources, such as multimedia elements (videos, images or audio), interactive elements (hyperlinks, animations, etc.) and other artifacts that enrich the reading process. In the context of ebooks, the so-called interactive fiction arises [9]. This is a line of work that aims to take advantage of the new interaction possibilities offered by electronic books to change the role that readers play in the reading process. In traditional books, the role of the reader is passive [10] with respect to the content, since the only action that the reader can take is the reading of the book itself. However, the technology of the digital world opens the possibility of carrying out a huge variety of interaction actions [11] with the content of a book, such as [12] being able to view a video at a given moment of reading, listening to an audio file related to the content being read, participating in a game, expanding information on a topic described in the book, making annotations, etc. In this sense, interactive fiction aims to turn the reader into an active actor [10] in the reading process, so that it is the reader who builds the story he is reading based on his interactions with the content. As a consequence, not all readers will experience the same content and in the same way. To achieve this objective, different interaction strategies are implemented in electronic books, such as [13] (1) the existence of decision points where the reader must choose how to continue the story they are reading, (2) resolution of problems of various nature (puzzles, logic problems, etc.) that allow for the accession of new content that is hidden or that provides clues on how to continue reading the book, (3) personalization of the story with data provided by the reader, and (4) use of gamification techniques, among others. From a technical point of view, an electronic book is a digital document that, in addition to text, contains certain encodings [14] that implement different types of interactions. Thus, a writer essentially has two options to create an electronic book with these characteristics [15]. The first alternative consists of direct coding, for which you must have the necessary programming knowledge. The main advantage of this option is that any interaction strategy with the level of detail and configuration as desired can be implemented.