# Material Design in Implantable Biosensors toward Future Personalized Diagnostics and Treatments
## 5 Challenges and Future Perspectives
Each array can be dedicated to one particular target in this complex design, while different targets can be assayed simultaneously. Many scientists welcome the idea of a moving implantable sensor where the unit is guided by remote controlled motion to reach its targeted site after implantation and finally generate the desired signals. To apply implantable biosensors in actual clinical use, the device must satisfy the strict and converse protocols arranged by governments. The FDA categorized implantable biosensors as class III devices that are meant for life-sustaining treatment or treating health disorders, including drug delivery systems or stents. To meet all the necessary criteria, uniformity, reproducibility of functionality, long-standing reliability, and safety ought to be investigated exclusively before clinical use. Unfortunately, there are no standard protocols or guidelines to test all the mentioned parameters due to the different applied standards for various devices and their related treatments. Therefore, multidisciplinary collaborations between scientists, medical doctors, and engineers are required to define the most suitable diseases to be targeted by implantable instruments and how to proceed for delivering the optimal treatment. Such collaborations can open the window to discovering innovative ideas for treatment approaches combined with developing implantable devices as a revolution in medical treatment. \begin{table}
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**Aspect** & **Impact on Healthcare Providers** & **Impact on General Public** \\ \hline Daily monitoring of patients’ physiology & By receiving daily information on patients’ physiology, practitioners can decrease the volume of patients at congested hospitals and health centers while diagnosing health conditions at an earlier stage. & Implantable biosensors can provide people with firsthand knowledge of which specific behaviors could adversely impact their health, leading to increased self-awareness and behavioral change. & Implantable biosensors can provide people with firsthand knowledge of which specific behaviors could adversely impact their health, leading to increased self-awareness and behavioral change. & Implantable biosensors can provide people with firsthand knowledge of which specific behaviors could adversely impact their health, leading to increased self-awareness and behavioral change. & Implantable biosensors can provide people with firsthand knowledge of which specific behaviors could adversely impact their health, leading to increased self-awareness and behavioral change. \\ \hline Personalized medicine & The collection of patient information from biosensors would enable patient stratification, leading to more effective treatments and facilitating the creation of a predictive, preventive, and participatory medical follow-up system. & The discovery of more efficient medical treatments based on patients’ physiological, genetic, and demographic characteristics through the use of implantable biosensors would result in better healthcare outcomes. \\ \hline Big data analysis & The patient information gleaned from biosensors could be utilized for big data analysis, where variables such as socio-demographics, medical conditions, genetics, and treatments would be scrutinized, leading to the identification of new trends. & Better understanding of the relationship between lifestyle and health. \\ \hline Feeling of control & Implantable biosensors can empower individuals to take charge of their health, thereby reducing their stress levels, a known contributing factor to various chronic conditions. & Improved mental health and wellbeing. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 3: Present and anticipated benefits of implantable biosensors for healthcare systems and the general public. Adapted from [84; 85].