# A 5G NR FR2 Beamforming System with Integrated Transceiver Module
## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, the rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies has paved the way for transformative advancements in connectivity solutions. At the forefront of this revolution are the developments in the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, which have set new benchmarks for speed, latency, and reliability [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. However, as the demand for higher data rates and seamless connectivity continues to escalate, there arises a pressing need for even more sophisticated and efficient systems. This imperative has led to the emergence of beyond 5G (B5G) technologies, representing the next frontier in wireless communication evolution [8, 9, 10, 11]. In the era of B5G, the advancements in wireless communication technology are expected to support the emergence of new industries that heavily rely on mobile vehicles such as autonomous vehicles, robots, and drones. Additionally, the widespread adoption of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed-reality (MR) technologies, which leverage high-resolution imaging, is anticipated. These immersive technologies rely on high-resolution imaging and real-time data streaming, requiring a communication infrastructure capable of delivering high-quality content with minimal latency [12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. Hence, mm-wave communication systems have played a pivotal role in achieving high data rates, benefiting from the extensive available spectrum at higher frequencies. The key enablers for these systems are phased arrays basedon multi-channel CMOS beamformer ICs, offering higher levels of integration and lower costs [17; 18; 19; 20; 21]. An antenna array with a large number of elements is needed to electronically steer the directional beams toward the desired directions in mm-wave systems. This is achieved by controlling the phase and magnitude of signals at each antenna based on beamforming techniques. In this paper, the development of a 28 GHz 8 \(\times\) 7 RF beamforming phased-array system with an integrated transceiver module is proposed. The development of a 5G beamforming system carries its own novelty and significance, particularly considering the ongoing deployment and commercialization of 5G wireless communication. As mm-wave communication systems are still on the verge of being fully implemented, the development of a complete beamforming system specifically designed for 5G is not yet a common occurrence. In this work, we demonstrate a circuit to the system. The integration of our own eight-channel BFIC, array antenna, and our own measurement setup enables the effective demonstration of a 5G mm-wave system. This system aims to address the challenges posed by the B5G era, including the need for ultra-low latency, high-speed movement, and reliable communication in dynamic environments. The 28 GHz RF beamforming system can dynamically steer the antenna array's radiation pattern through electronic means, allowing for real-time adjustments based on environmental conditions. This functionality enhances both performance and efficiency, ensuring optimal operation [22; 23; 24; 25]. Moreover, the integrated transceiver module possesses the flexibility to easily adjust the frequency of both the local oscillator (LO) and intermediate frequency (IF) with minimal complexity. This capability allows the implementation of communication systems and radars in the millimeter-wave range band, enabling the swift testing of innovative solutions utilizing software-defined radio. The developed RF beamforming system incorporates a series-fed structure 8 \(\times\) 7 microstrip antenna array and a custom 28 GHz, eight-channel fully differential BFIC. The 28 GHz RF transceiver module was manufactured using commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) chipsets. The integrated module can operate with 8 Tx-8 Rx mode simultaneously. In particular, the 28 GHz RF beamforming system and transceiver module offer simultaneous data transmission and reception using the same module.