# Evaluation of Emotions from Brain Signals on 3D VAD Space via Artificial Intelligence Techniques
## 3 Results
### Cross-Comparisons of 3D VAD Emotions, Segments, and Classes  
In the second part of this study, Segments III, IV, and V, corresponding to 15, 10, and 5 s windowing, are used for emotion comparisons. Here, Segments III, IV, and V mean that the 60 s EEG signal is divided into 4, 6, and 12 segments/pieces with 15, 10, and 5 s windowing, respectively. N means a complete 60 s signal processed without segmentation (Table 2).  
In total, 5, 4-6, and 3-7 class separation levels are used for A&G, B&H, and D&F emotion comparisons. Furthermore, 5, 4.5-5.5, and 4-6 class separation levels are used for C&E emotion comparisons (Table 1).  
The data balancing method with a SMOTE filter is also applied to the minority classes in this part of this study. Synthetic samples are generated for the minority class with oversampling. All minority classes for the binary cross-comparisons are converged to the majority class by increasing the applied percentages 5 by 5 until reaching a closer data size to the majority class (here, the aim is to achieve close to, but not to exceed, class size). Applied percentages for oversampling for data balancing are given in Figure 8.  
All class sizes are not given here. However, some examples are given: for D&F SegD 4-6 separation, high and low classes have 288 and 150 samples, respectively, and after applying data balancing with a percentage of 90%, low-class samples increase to 285; for C&E SegD 5 separation, high and low classes have 480 and 348 samples, respectively, and after applying data balancing with a percentage of 35%, low-class increases to 469 samples.  
CCI (%) values of B&H comparisons of VAD space for Segments III, IV, and V are given in Figure 10a,b for 5, 4-6, and 3-7 class separations. Figure 10b is the SMOTE-applied version of the classification.  
CCI (%) values of D&F comparisons of VAD space for Segments III, IV, and V are given in Figure 11a,b for 5, 4-6, and 3-7 class separations.  
CCI (%) values for C&E comparisons of VAD space for segments III, IV, and V are given in Figure 12a,b. Here, 5, 4.5-5.5, and 4-6 class separations are used, which are different from the above comparisons in Figures 9-11, which use 5, 4-6, and 3-7 class separations.  
Figure 10: CCI (%) values for B&H comparisons of VAD space for Segments III, IV, and V for 5, 4–6, and 3–7 classifications by using: (**a**) Unbalanced data; (**b**) Balanced data.  
Figure 9: CCI (%) values for A&G comparisons of VAD space for Segments III, IV, and V for 5, 4–6, and 3–7 classifications by using: (**a**) Unbalanced data; (**b**) Balanced data.  
The 3-7 class separation is not used here because it has so few sample sizes for minority classes for non-segmented data. As such, the 4.5-5.5 class separation level has been added only for comparisons evaluating C&E area emotions.  
CCI, MCC values, and F1 scores (%) for the comparisons of VAD space and the comparison of performance metrics are given in Figure 13. Only Segment V and the 4-6 classification are used in the figure. The results are given for the Random Forest, SMO, IBk, FURIA, and Random Committee classifiers.  
Figure 11: CCI (%) values for D&F comparisons of VAD space for segments III, IV, and V for 5, 4–6, and 3–7 classifications by using: (**a**) Unbalanced data; (**b**) Balanced data.  
Figure 12: CCI (%) values for C&E comparisons of VAD space for segments III, IV, V for 5, 4.5–5.5, and 4–6 classifications by using: (**a**) Unbalanced data; (**b**) Balanced data.  
CCI, MCC values, and F1 scores (%) for the comparisons of VAD space and the comparison of performance metrics (data balanced with SMOTE) (Segment V, 4-6 classification) are given in Figure 14 for the Random Forest, SMO, IBk, FURTIA, and Random Committee classifiers.