## 2 Configuration and Design of the Proposed UWB-MIMO Antenna
### Mava
Furthermore, these two cross-curves produce and distribute current to inhibit surface waves and coupling that may accumulate in that area, primarily at 3.8 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 15 GHz, correspondingly. At 3.8 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 22 GHz, Ant 2 shows the strongest current near the transmission line, the ground, and the curve linked to the patch. Additionally, Figure 2 indicates that the SCD for Ant 2 is stronger over the curve at 8 GHz, the exponential section of the patch at 22 GHz, and it exhibits greater density around the patch through the cross-curves at 22 GHz for Ant 1. The findings of a parametric analysis of Ant 1's essential characteristics in terms of ground dimensions (L\({}_{\text{f1}}\), W\({}_{\text{g1}}\)) (Figure 3b,c) and exponential transmission line length (L\({}_{\text{f1}}\)) are shown in Figure 3. (Figure 3a). Figure 3b,c show that the ground length and breadth of Ant 1 influence the resonance across the full working BW. However, the more ground length is increased, the higher frequency range slightly shifts to a lower frequency region. Yet, the level of the reflection coefficient has not changed significantly. In the case of stopband, it occurred at 15-18 GHz for ground lengths smaller than 4.8 mm. In particular, the circumstance is considerably different in terms of ground breadth, which the optimized parameters are between 8-9 mm, e.g., if the working BW was increased higher than 11 mm, it would be completely disrupted. Figure 3a depicts the change of transmission line length (L\({}_{\text{f1}}\)). This graph demonstrates that increasing this length has minimal effect on the lower resonance frequency, but it moves the band to some extent. Furthermore, an increase in this length has the greatest impact on the working BW in terms of impedance matching and reflection coefficient level. It should be noted that the line width enhances the matching when the substrate thickness is considered (the microstrip design principles and equations should be followed). Figure 2: The SCD for Ant 1 and Ant 2 separately, before they were combined: (a) 3.8 GHz, (b) 5.2 GHz; (c) 8 GHz, (d) 15 GHz, (e) 22 GHz, and (f) 28 GHz. The changes in the Ant 2's reflection coefficient in terms of ground length (Lg) and patch length (Lp) dimensions are depicted in Figure 4a,b, correspondingly. The outcomes reveal that when the ground length is less than 3.5 mm (Lg < 3.5 mm), most of the higher frequency band is disrupted and vanishes, and the lower band is moved to the higher frequency band as well (this is due to the fact that the ground length play an important role in impedance matching of UWB antennas). Its width, on the other hand, influences the impedance BW and aids in its improvement. For example, increasing the width of the working BW until it touches the region where the bordering fields have a detrimental effect. Figure 4b shows the patch length sweeps. As seen, increasing the patch length increases the resonance frequency and somewhat shifts it to the low resonances. The patch width, on the other hand, influences the bandwidth over the entire band since an increase in width reduces the resonance and therefore the working BW. The reflection coefficient results for both antennas when the sizes are optimum are shown in Figure 5. The achieved working bandwidth of 3.4-31 GHz and 7-37.5 GHz for antenna 2 and antenna 1 achieved, respectively. \[y(x)=\pi\left(r_{2}^{2}-r_{2}^{2}\right) \tag{3}\]0 Parametric study of the Ant1: (**a**) feed line (Lf1), (**b**) ground length (Lg1), and (**c**) ground width (Wg1). Both antennas were combined to form the proposed UWB-MIMO with both vertical and horizontally polarization antenna, which would be used in a communication system for lower and higher 5G, X-band, Ka and Ku, and satellite communications. Figure 6 depicts the proposed antenna's 2D views following integration with. \[y(x)=\pi\left(r_{2}^{2}-r_{2}^{2}\right) \tag{3}\]1 Parametric study of Ant 2: (**a**) ground length, \(L_{g}\) and (**b**) the patch’s length, \(L_{p}\).