## 3 DT Technologies
### Internet of Things (IoT)  
IoT, or the Internet of Things, refers to a vast network of interconnected \"things\". These connections can be between objects, between people and objects, or between people themselves [19]. IoT devices and sensors serve multiple purposes, including collecting real-time data from physical assets and ensuring DTs receive up-to-date information from their real-world counterparts. By 2027, it is expected that over 90 percent of all IoT platforms will incorporate digital twin capabilities [17]. IoT acts as the foundational layer for DTs, providing the crucial data that fuel their operation. Sensors embedded in physical objects within the real world continuously gather data on various parameters like temperature, pressure, vibration, and location. These data are then transmitted to a central platform  
Figure 1: Technologies of DTs.  
where they are processed and stored [20; 21]. These collected data become the lifeblood of DTs, which are digital replicas of physical objects or systems. These DTs accurately reflect the real-time state and behavior of their physical counterparts, enabling their analysis, manipulation, and optimization in a virtual environment [22; 23]. The synergy between IoT and DTs lies in their combined ability to generate actionable insights. By continuously collecting and analyzing data from connected devices, DTs provide valuable insights into the performance, health, and potential issues within the physical system.  
IoT technology also enables remote monitoring and control of DTs, facilitating asset management from any location. Additionally, IoT devices and DTs can be integrated with other systems like enterprise resource planning (ERP) to streamline processes and improve decision-making.  
As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues its rapid growth and evolution, the applications of digital twin (DT) technology are expected to become increasingly diverse and sophisticated. This synergistic combination is already revolutionizing numerous industries, including manufacturing, transportation, energy, and healthcare, by enabling real-time monitoring, optimization, prediction, and prevention of potential issues [20; 21; 22; 24].  
As IoT continues to evolve and expand, the applications of DT technology will become increasingly diverse and sophisticated. Industries such as manufacturing, transportation, energy, and healthcare are already benefiting from the integration of IoT and DT. These technologies enable businesses to monitor and optimize their operations in real time, as well as predict and prevent potential issues. In healthcare, DTs can be used for patient monitoring, personalized medicine, and even the development of virtual models for surgical planning or medical device design.  
As IoT and digital twin (DT) technology gain traction across various industries, novel applications and use cases will continue to surface. This progression will foster innovation and generate new opportunities for both businesses and consumers. By harnessing IoT's capabilities, DT technology holds the promise of transforming our understanding and interaction with the physical world, paving the way for a future that is more efficient, sustainable, and interconnected.  
The integration of IoT and DTs has the potential to usher in a new era of connected intelligence. By leveraging real-time data and virtual models, businesses can achieve unprecedented levels of efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. As these technologies continue to evolve and new applications emerge, the future holds immense promise for a more connected and intelligent world.