## 5 Results and Discussion
### Hypothesis Testing and Comparison  
The findings contained details of validity and reliability tests that consisted of explanations about the formative, reflective measurement, and structural equation model analysis. For hypothesis testing, the collected data were additionally analyzed and constructed so that of the overall ten hypotheses, nine were positively significant. Moreover, the developed model predicted 74% of attitudes towards the use of a smartphone, and 99% of smartphone actual use. Hypothesis results are presented in Figure 3.  
H1: The analysis findings showed a positive association between comfortability and smartphone adoption. This hypothesis predicted that smartphone acceptance and adoption \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Research Hypothesis**} & **Standardized Path** & \multirow{2}{*}{**t-Value**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Hypothesis Testing**} \\  & **Coefficients** & & **Support** \\ \hline Comfortability \(\rightarrow\) Attitude towards Use & 0.059 & 0.930 & Yes \\ \hline Social Influence \(\rightarrow\) Attitude towards Use & \(-0.358\) & 7.726 & Yes \\ \hline Perceived Enjoyment \(\rightarrow\) Attitude towards Use & 0.207 & 2.353 & Yes \\ \hline Fear of Failure \(\rightarrow\) Attitude towards Use & 0.124 & 2.269 & Yes \\ \hline Technology awareness \(\rightarrow\) Attitude towards Use & 0.012 & 0.282 & No \\ \hline Perceived Ease of Use \(\rightarrow\) Attitude toward Use & 0.419 & 6.523 & Yes \\ \hline Behavioral intention \(\rightarrow\) Attitude towards Use & \(-0.176\) & 2.988 & Yes \\ \hline Perceived Usefulness \(\rightarrow\) Attitude towards Use & 0.534 & 4.962 & Yes \\ \hline Compatibility \(\rightarrow\) Attitude towards Use & 0.295 & 4.970 & Yes \\ \hline Attitude towards use \(\rightarrow\) Actual smartphone Use & 0.858 & 64.376 & Yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Research hypotheses, t-values, path coefficients, and hypothesis testing. Figure 3: Hypothesis results on construct model. are influenced by gender and age differences. Both gender and age affected the attitude towards actual smartphone use. The findings showed that the first hypothesis was not supported by older people. Consequently, it can be agreed that age and gender have no positive effect on attitude towards use, which shows that as people get older, their actual smartphone use is affected. With increasing age, adoption of smartphones is influenced, and they do not feel comfortable. H2: Enjoyment was examined as an essential interpreter for older adults' intentions towards smartphone adoption. The results recommend that increasing and refining individual smartphone enjoyment could emphatically facilitate their aim to accept and use smartphones. This hypothesis was supported. Therefore, older people are influenced by entertainment, which means that when they enjoy using smartphones, their attitude changes toward acceptance and adoption of smartphones. H3: This hypothesis showed that the attitude to use smartphones was affected by social influence. However, this hypothesis was positively supported. Thus, older people are influenced by society. H4: This hypothesis had a positive influence on attitudes toward actual smartphone usage. Therefore, older people are influenced by a fear of failure, which means that they have a fear of failure or defeat and do not accept their weaknesses, which directly affects smartphone acceptance and adoption. H5: It was expected for this hypothesis that the better awareness old adults have about technology, the further they aim to use technology. However, the findings for this hypothesis were not positively supported for older people. Hence, it can be suggested that older people have little awareness of smartphone innovation, but are still not interested in using smartphones. H6: The results showed that this hypothesis was supported. If a smartphone is seen as simple to use and learn, older people are inclined to adopt it. Therefore, a higher PEOU increases the intentions of older people toward smartphone acceptance and adoption.