## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of VOCs in Base Wines
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Code**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameters**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Control (C)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Lees (L)**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Ultrasound-Treated Lees**} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & & **30\%** & **60\%** & **90\%** \\ \hline A1 & Ethyl acetate & 1.626 \(\pm\) 0.131 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 1.489 \(\pm\) 0.173 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 2.007 \(\pm\) 0.048 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 1.979 \(\pm\) 0.015 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 2.079 \(\pm\) 0.014 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ A2 & 3-methylbutyl acetate & 2.176 \(\pm\) 0.160 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 1.893 \(\pm\) 0.733 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 2.744 \(\pm\) 0.329 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 2.650 \(\pm\) 0.031 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 2.977 \(\pm\) 0.267 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ A3 & Hexyl acetate & 0.259 \(\pm\) 0.010 & 0.217 \(\pm\) 0.070 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.312 \(\pm\) 0.070 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.321 \(\pm\) 0.038 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.378 \(\pm\) 0.044 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ A4 & Ethyl 1-phenylacetate & 0.022 \(\pm\) 0.009 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.021 \(\pm\) 0.007 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.029 \(\pm\) 0.009 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.042 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.031 \(\pm\) 0.021 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ A5 & 2-phenylethylIJ acetate & 0.572 \(\pm\) 0.079 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.585 \(\pm\) 0.034 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.777 \(\pm\) 0.121 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.816 \(\pm\) 0.039 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.850 \(\pm\) 0.023 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ E1 & Pentyl 2-hydroxypropanoate & 0.053 \(\pm\) 0.004 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.058 \(\pm\) 0.005 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 0.070 \(\pm\) 0.010 \({}^{\mathrm{bc}}\) & 0.081 \(\pm\) 0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 0.082 \(\pm\) 0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ E2 & 3-methylbutyl octanoate & 0.080 \(\pm\) 0.031 & 0.078 \(\pm\) 0.010 & 0.061 \(\pm\) 0.000 & 0.064 \(\pm\) 0.006 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.061 \(\pm\) 0.014 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ E3 & Methyl decanoate & 0.012 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.015 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.011 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.013 \(\pm\) 0.005 & 0.011 \(\pm\) 0.001 \\ E4 & 3-methylbutyl decanoate & 0.033 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.032 \(\pm\) 0.010 & 0.027 \(\pm\) 0.007 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.034 \(\pm\) 0.005 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.028 \(\pm\) 0.004 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ Et1 & Ethyl butanoate & 0.122 \(\pm\) 0.017 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.100 \(\pm\) 0.012 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 0.165 \(\pm\) 0.007 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.142 \(\pm\) 0.032 \({}^{\mathrm{bc}}\) & 0.169 \(\pm\) 0.000 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ Et2 & diethyl butanoate & 0.614 \(\pm\) 0.048 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.714 \(\pm\) 0.038 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.849 \(\pm\) 0.066 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.960 \(\pm\) 0.028 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.987 \(\pm\) 0.029 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ Et3 & Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate & 0.542 \(\pm\) 0.010 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.606 \(\pm\) 0.191 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.767 \(\pm\) 0.067 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.746 \(\pm\) 0.031 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.7699 \(\pm\) 0.011 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ Et4 & Ethyl 4-hydroxybutanoate & 0.011 \(\pm\) 0.003 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.011 \(\pm\) 0.002 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.018 \(\pm\) 0.000 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 0.017 \(\pm\) 0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 0.020 \(\pm\) 0.006 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ Et5 & Ethyl hexanoate & 2.998 \(\pm\) 0.012 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 2.662 \(\pm\) 0.500 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 3.566 \(\pm\) 0.502 \({}^{\mathrm{bc}}\) & 3.869 \(\pm\) 0.174 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 4.115 \(\pm\) 0.280 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ Et6 & Ethyl heptanoate & 0.045 \(\pm\) 0.005 & 0.036 \(\pm\) 0.003 & 0.050 \(\pm\) 0.008 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.060 \(\pm\) 0.016 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.065 \(\pm\) 0.005 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ Et7 & Ethyl octanoate & 10.928 \(\pm\) 0.707 & 9.924 \(\pm\) 0.005 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 10.409 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 1.425 \(\pm\) 1.180 \(\pm\) 3.032 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 11.265 \(\pm\) 0.589 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ Et8 & Ethyl nonanoate & 0.348 \(\pm\) 0.017 & 0.325 \(\pm\) 0.052 & 0.365 \(\pm\) 0.007 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.326 \(\pm\) 1.466 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 0.352 \(\pm\) 0.008 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ Et9 & Ethyl decanoate & 3.779 \(\pm\) 0.177 & 3.592 \(\pm\) 1.194 & 2.995 \(\pm\) 0.307 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 3.565 \(\pm\) 1.468 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 2.965 \(\pm\) 0.199 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ Et10 & Ethyl dodecanoate & 0.358 \(\pm\) 0.056 & 0.309 \(\pm\) 0.022 & 0.243 \(\pm\) 0.044 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.337 \(\pm\) 0.