## 5 Self-Reconfiguration Methods in SSrMS
### Sustainability Assessment Method  
Both sustainability and each fractal's goal are considered together by the sustainability assessment method in SSrMS. The proposed method involves conducting an integrated assessment of system optimization with respect to sustainability. As shown in Figure 19, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Green-BOM, and neural network are utilized in the proposed method. Sustainability KPIs and their weights are derived by the AHP based on the determined goal of each fractal. To obtain the new goal, the obtained sustainability KPIs considering each fractal's goal are derived by a neural network with the goal decision model. Furthermore, environmental regulations and other process data are provided by \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \(F_{1}\) & \(F_{2}\) & \(F_{3}\) & \(F_{4}\) & \(F_{5}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Job 1} & \(T_{11}\) & 2 & 5 & 4 & 1 & 2 \\  & \(T_{12}\) & 5 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 5 \\  & \(T_{13}\) & 4 & 5 & 5 & 4 & 5 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Job 2} & \(T_{21}\) & 2 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 8 \\  & \(T_{22}\) & 5 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 5 \\  & \(T_{23}\) & 4 & 5 & 4 & 54 & 5 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Job 3} & \(T_{31}\) & 9 & 8 & 6 & 7 & 9 \\  & \(T_{32}\) & 6 & 1 & 2 & 5 & 4 \\  & \(T_{33}\) & 2 & 5 & 4 & 2 & 4 \\  & \(T_{34}\) & 4 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 5 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Job 4} & \(T_{41}\) & 1 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 12 \\  & \(T_{42}\) & 5 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Experiment result of GA for negotiation model. Figure 18: Step 3 of the hybrid-type negotiation process. the Green-BOM. The new goal obtained via the proposed model is then simulated in digital facilities to verify the new system optimization with sustainability. The overall procedure for the sustainability assessment is shown in Figure 20. The sustainability KPIs are selected based on the global reporting initiative (GRI) framework [52,53] or the demand of the system operator. Based on these selected sustainability KPIs, the system operator implements the AHP to derive the weight of each KPI. Then by BSC, a sustainability score is then calculated based on the weights from the AHP. In order to derive the sustainability score, the BSC method consists of three perspectives, including the sustainability dimensions, performance measures, weights from AHP result, actual performance, standard performance, performance level, and score as shown in Table 5. Each column in Table 5 can be described as follows: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Perspective/** & & & & & & \\
**Sustainability** & & & & & & \\
**Dimension** & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Economic} & Cost & 32.90 * & & & & \\  & Market presence & 63.78 & 50 & 20 & 90 & 10.89 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & Materials & 44.00 * & & & & \\  & Materials & 30.45 & 95 & 85 & 90 & 12.06 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Energy & 9.55 & 98 & 97 & 60 & 2.52 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Water & 13.86 & 80 & 78 & 60 & 3.66 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Emissions & 14.77 & 10 & 10 & 60 & 3.90 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Effluents and waste & 10.23 & 75 & 76 & 60 & 2.70 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Products and services & 21.14 & 90 & 60 & 90 & 8.37 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: BSC for sustainability measurement (modified from [54]). Figure 19: Sustainability assessment method in SSrMS.