## 3 Results  
Relationships between Digital Image Indices and Wheat Physiological Indicators at the Time of Jointing and Flowering  
The analysis involved correlating wheat physiological indices SPAD, LAI, LAD, and DMA with each digital image index. During the wheat jointing stage (3), the SPAD value showed a highly significant negative correlation with the g, RGBVI, and GLA indices. Additionally, it showed a significant correlation with the GRRI, GBRI, GRVI, and MGRVI indices and a significant positive correlation with the R, G, B, INT, and CIVE indices. The LAI values showed a significant negative correlation only with R. The LAD had a highly significant negative correlation with the EXG index, a significant negative correlation with \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Digital Image** & \(p\)**-Value** & **CK** & **FM** & **CF** & **CF-N0** & **CF-P0** & **CF-K0** \\
**Indices** & & & & & & & \\ \hline R & 0.058 & 172.68 & 136.87 & 135.57 & 158.85 & 117.82 & 113.33 \\ \hline
**G** & **0.007** & **171.64 a** & **153.92 abc** & **149.85 bc** & **156.93 ab** & **136.97 c** & **136.00 c** \\ \hline
**B** & **0.011** & **109.60 a** & **97.31 ab** & **92.59 abc** & **93.67 abc** & **76.49 bc** & **73.69 c** \\ \hline EXG & 0.580 & 64.11 & 22.52 & 28.71 & 67.09 & 22.18 & 16.96 \\ \hline
**INT** & **0.005** & **151.30 a** & **129.37 abc** & **126.00 bc** & **136.48 ab** & **110.42 c** & **107.67 c** \\ \hline CIVE & 0.906 & \(-\)14.08 & \(-\)18.99 & \(-\)17.80 & \(-\)13.36 & \(-\)20.49 & \(-\)22.68 \\ \hline r & 0.791 & 0.38 & 0.35 & 0.36 & 0.39 & 0.35 & 0.35 \\ \hline g & 0.414 & 0.38 & 0.40 & 0.40 & 0.39 & 0.41 & 0.42 \\ \hline b & 0.674 & 0.24 & 0.25 & 0.25 & 0.23 & 0.23 & 0.23 \\ \hline GRRI & 0.634 & 1.01 & 1.17 & 1.15 & 1.00 & 1.20 & 1.24 \\ \hline GBRI & 0.181 & 1.59 & 1.59 & 1.63 & 1.70 & 1.80 & 1.86 \\ \hline RBRI & 0.859 & 1.58 & 1.41 & 1.47 & 1.71 & 1.56 & 1.58 \\ \hline GRVI & 0.656 & 0.00 & 0.07 & 0.06 & 0.00 & 0.08 & 0.10 \\ \hline IKAW & 0.844 & 0.22 & 0.16 & 0.18 & 0.26 & 0.21 & 0.21 \\ \hline MGRVI & 0.666 & 0.00 & 0.13 & 0.11 & \(-\)0.00 & 0.16 & 0.18 \\ \hline RGBVI & 0.318 & 0.22 & 0.29 & 0.29 & 0.25 & 0.36 & 0.38 \\ \hline GLA & 0.419 & 0.10 & 0.14 & 0.14 & 0.11 & 0.17 & 0.18 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of digital image indices under different fertilization treatments. (Bolded markers are parameters that were significant or highly significant under different treatments. Then, after ANOVA analysis, ‘a’ represents the value with the highest mean at a significant level, ‘b’ represents values significantly different from it, and so forth). the R, r, RBRI, and IKAW indices, and a significant positive correlation with GRRI, GRVI, and MGRVI. On the other hand, DMA, PN, GN, TKW, and Y did not show any significant correlation with any of the digital image indices (Figure 2a). A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the SPAD of wheat during the flowering stage (6) and the CIVE index (Figure 2b). The single plant leaf area (PLA) showed a significant positive correlation with the g and b indices and a significant negative correlation with the r, EXG, and GBRI indices. The correlation analysis revealed that the leaf area index (LAI) was positively correlated with the green leaf area index (GLA). On the other hand, the dry matter content (DMA) showed a highly significant positive correlation with the red (R), green (G), and near-infrared (INT) indices and a highly  
Figure 2: Correlation coefficients of different digital image indices with wheat physiological indicators at jointing and flowering stages. (**a**) Jointing stage. (**b**) Flowering stage. significant negative correlation with the GLA index.