esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Research Methodology
### Settings  
The Chilean Ministry of Health establishes a treatment protocol for chronic conditions such as T2 DM, published as a clinical guideline (e.g., T2 DM Guideline [42]). The treatment of patients with diabetes in Chile is in accordance with these guidelines [42], which establish the frequency by which appointments, laboratory tests, and pharmacological treatment should be undertaken, according to HbA1c measurements. They divide patients into three categories: stable (patients with HbA1c lower than 7%); moderately decompensated (patients with HbA1c between 7% and 9%); highly decompensated (HbA1c greater than 9%). While treatment is ultimately determined by the treating professionals, the guidelines are expected to form the basis for treatment.  
This research was conducted in three university-affiliated primary healthcare centers located in low-income districts with high social vulnerability in Santiago, Chile. These centers provide health-related services to an average of 8000 persons per year, more than 30% of which experience T2 DM. Two practices operate within each center, each one with its own multidisciplinary team composed of general practitioners (GP), family physicians (FP), nurses, dietitians, and psychologists, among others. One notable characteristic of these centers is their very high turnover rate of physicians [43]. This is due to the way in which physicians are trained in Chile, whereby professionals who have recently graduated as GPs begin their work experience in these centers. Within one to two years, GPs generally begin their specialist studies, leaving the primary healthcare environment.  
The care that is delivered by the treatment team consists of cardiovascular periodic appointments (CVPA) that can be carried out by any of the three disciplines that make up the team. In the CVPA, the physical condition of the patient is evaluated, previously requested exams are reviewed, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases is evaluated. Patients with HbA1c results lower than 7% should be seen every three months, and patients with HbA1c over 7% should be seen on a monthly basis, alternating the visited disciplines. Patients must have at least one annual diabetic foot evaluation appointment. Patients with HbA1c results over 9% should also participate in workshops about insulin. All professionals have access to the electronic clinical records of the patients, as well as having direct interactions among them, which is facilitated by their being co-located.
# Single-Mode Polymer Ridge Waveguide Integration of Organic Thin-Film Laser
## 6 Conclusions  
In this study, EpoCore and -Clad based single-mode waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings were successfully fabricated. By depositing the organic laser material Alq\({}_{3}\):DCM2 on top of the waveguide structure, a monolithically single-mode waveguide laser device is achieved. The laser emission could be measured at all waveguide integrated lasers with a FWHM of 200 pm. No other higher modes could be observed even with excitation energy densities up to 274 J/cm\({}^{2}\). The laser threshold could be measured to be in a range of approximately 25 J/cm\({}^{2}\) to 170 J/cm\({}^{2}\). The LoC application ability for photonic or interferometric based sensors could be supported by the polarization extinction ratio of 15.5:1, which indicts a linear polarization. By using this type of laser with the described integration, light can be easily coupled into the single-mode waveguide. This type of laser integration allows an uncomplicated light coupling into a single-mode waveguide. With this work, a milestone towards the monolithically integration of organic lasers is achieved. Especially, optical sensor systems based on single-mode waveguides and, in particular, LoC systems could benefit from this work.  
conceptualization: M.C.; software: M.C.; validation: M.C., [PERSON] and O.C.; investigation: M.C. and J.B.; writing--original draft preparation: M.C.; writing--review and editing: [PERSON] and [PERSON]; supervision: [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors would like to thank the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) for funding this work within the PolySens Project (Project ID 410203759) as well as the Germany's Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixXD (EXC 2122, Project ID 390833453). The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of the SEM measurements used in this publication by M.Sc. [PERSON] from the Institut fur Halbleitertechnik, TU Braunschweig. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 4 Simulation Setup and Parameters
### Antenna Array and System Parameters  
The base station is configured with a uniform linear antenna array (ULA) comprising 8, 16, and 32 elements, each spaced at half the carrier wavelength. The array is mounted at a height of 20 m, reflecting typical urban deployments, while user equipment is modelled at a height of 1.5 m. The system operates at a carrier frequency of 5.9 GHz with a bandwidth of 20 MHz--parameters aligned with contemporary 5G NR standards. The AoA prediction algorithm uses a sliding window of five recent measurements to predict user direction.  
Figure 2: User movement considered in our simulations.  
Fronthaul latency between the O-RU and O-DU is modelled within the range of 100-200 microseconds, reflecting O-RAN Split 7-2x deployments using eCPRI transport. All parameters are summarised in Table 2.
## 7 Limitation and Future Direction  
Although SLDA shows promising performance in modeling the SN texts based on personality theme, this probabilistic model also has several limitations that can be improved in the future. Because SLDA required auxiliary knowledge, it is vulnerable to identifying contents written using figurative languages such as irony and sarcasm. Our team is also susceptible to the capability of SLDA in classifying the long contents because the degree of information encoded in such instances is complex and dynamic. Therefore, we are planning to improve and train the SLDA with other hard real-world datasets especially in the contexts of long texts and personality.  
Despite the fact that most of the machine learning classifiers performed well on the datasets, we are also interested in extending this work to investigate the predictive performance of other machine learning models such as Extreme Gradient Boosting [91] and fusion deep learning model [92] to gain additional insights about the data and the nature of the algorithms. Apart from cosine similarity, we are also interested to explore the nature of the dataset produced by SLDA from the perspective of other metrics such as Euclidean Distance.  
On the other hand, the promising performance of the machine learners using bigram and trigram attributes also sparked the curiosity to investigate the effects caused by contiguous sequences of tokens during the modeling process. As another limitation of SLDA to merely exploit the degree of co-occurrence of word probability between the regular attributes and seed words to identify the relevant topics, we believe that adjacent words embedded within an instance could offer other useful information encapsulated in the text. Furthermore, the proposed SLDA architecture could be improved further by integrating computational components such as Attention to exploit the contextual information embedded in the texts. In this regard, we are recommending the future study to explore the effects of adjacent attributes along with seed words using biterm or contextual approaches such as window size to better discover the abstracts embedded in the document.  
Our proposed framework is also practical to be applied in author profiling tasks because the goal of the task is to predict or infer as much knowledge as possible about an unknown author through analyzing a specific text written by him/her. Furthermore, the framework also could be applied in the end-to-end framework as our t-SNE visualization illustrated the clustering of similar data points in certain regions. Eventually, we hope our experiment shed light on the tendency of perceptional-based psycholinguistic seed words in guiding the modeling of texts based on personality traits through the dataless technique. We also encourage future studies to devise new modeling strategies as well as further explore the applicability of human traits such as Psychoticism in the context of digital forensics so that it can help to reduce the circle of suspects.
## 5 Result Analysis
### Comparison of BLEU Values of Different Sentence Lengths  
We assume that longer sentences contain more information, and we divide sentence length into six groups by intervals of 10. We compare the baseline model, +CLIP and CAF, using the BLEU scores to evaluate the translation quality across different sentence lengths. The results are presented in Figures 10 and 11.  
Figures 10 and 11 demonstrate that the two methods proposed in this paper achieve better translation results than the baseline model for both the EN-ZH and ZH-EN tasks. Analyzing the experimental results reveals that syntactic information plays a crucial role in machine translation, particularly for longer and complex sentences. It provides the model with additional contextual information and grammar rules, aiding in a better understanding of sentence structure, resolving ambiguities and polysemy and guiding the model to generate more accurate and grammatically appropriate translations that align with the target language's rules and conventions.
# Improved Cryptanalysis of Some RSA Variants
## 1 Introduction
In 2024, [PERSON] et al. [13] proposed a novel partial prime exposure attack on RSA variants defined by the key equation \(ed-k(p^{2}-1)(q^{2}-1)=1\). They demonstrated that if \(N=pq\) is an RSA modulus, where \(\bar{p}\) is an approximation of \(p\) with \(|p-\bar{p}|=N^{\sigma}\), and if \(e=N^{\alpha}\) and \(d<N^{\delta}\), then the factorization of \(N\) can be efficiently determined under the following conditions:  
\[\delta< \begin{cases}2-\sqrt{2\alpha\sigma},&\text{if }2\sigma<\alpha<\frac{9}{2} \sigma,\\ 2-\frac{1}{3}\alpha-\frac{3}{2}\sigma,&\text{if }\frac{9}{2}\sigma\leq\alpha<6- \frac{9}{2}\sigma.\end{cases} \]
## 6 Simulation Analysis and Performance Comparison (Discussion)
### Shutters' Influence on Other Aerodynamic Kits  
#### 6.2.1 Influence on Front Wing and Rear Wing  
The existence of shutters increases the negative lift of the front wing by 14.84 N (8.9%), the drag by 1 N (3%), the negative lift of the rear wing by 5.28 N (2.9%), and the drag of the rear wing by 1.34 N (1.48%).  
As indicated in Figure 21, the vorticity behind the front wing declines because of the blocking and diversion effect of shutters. Although the downer part of the wake raised by the front wing is guided downward by the shutters, more vortices go up, resulting in a larger overall upwash angle of the front wing wake. Specifically, the blocking effect of shutters is transmitted to the right behind the front wing and contribute to the increase in the up-washing angle, resulting in a slight raise in the positive pressure area on the upper surface of the front wing. In accordance with the principle of force and reaction force, the upwash angle and the negative lift of the front wing increase. The low vorticity area behind the front wing plays a suction role, which further increases the negative pressure area below the front wing. The upper and lower parts work together, leading to the enhancement of negative lift of the front wing.  
The increase in front wing negative lift is mainly caused by the blocking effect of shutters. When the shutters' blocking ratio \(p=100\%\), that is, when the shutters become a thick plate, the blocking effect reaches its climax, the lifting of the front wing is the largest, and the effect of shutters is seriously reduced.  
The shutters have minimal interference on the flow field of rear wing, but the increased air flow on the upper surface of side wing increases the air flow raised by the side wing flaps. The slight increase in vorticity under the rear wing is attributed to the side flap, and the increase in vorticity weakens the negative pressure area under the main wing and flaps of rear wing. The loss of rear wing negative lift caused by the wake of shutters can be effectively avoided by reasonably designing a guide device.
# Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Aging on Cracking Process of Reinforced RAC Elements  
The transverse cracking process during the tests presents a typical pattern of four to five cracks, and this pattern is in agreement with force discontinuities recorded in cracking stage of load-strain curves (Figure 4b). The creation and propagation of cracks for each mixture and each level of aging were analyzed in relation to crack spacing and crack width (see Figure 5). Crack spacing values were determined at a strain of about 500 \(\mathrm{\mu}\)\(\epsilon\), which in the present study ensure the end of the multiple crack process for all mixtures (see values of \(\mathrm{\varepsilon_{final}}\) in Tables 3 and 4). In addition, the final crack width values at the strain of 2500 \(\mathrm{\mu}\)\(\epsilon\) were also measured, corresponding to the point in which the concrete matrix contribution ended.  
The results showed that, among the non-degraded mixtures, C35-D-C1 presented the lowest values for crack spacing, mostly for advanced ages (Figure 5a,b). For both C35-NAT and C35-L-C1, with the increase of cycles, crack spacing values decreased, indicating an \"earlier\" crack opening process; and this loss in resistance to aging was most prominent for the recycled one. For C35-D-C1, the degradation processes did not significantly influence the cracking spacing, where the values varied from 129 mm to 126 mm, when the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased from 150 to 300. The same behavior was observed for the increase of wet-dry cycles.  
As the deformation of the reinforced element increases, the average crack width increases along the multiple crack stage, even with the creation of new cracks, and then, after the element reaches the maximum number of cracks, it continues to increase with a higher rate. For non-degraded mixtures, crack width was greater for mixtures containing RCA and this became more evident with advancing age. More specifically, for C35-NAT, the crack opening value was of 1.27 mm, while for RAC mixtures this property reached values of 1.34 mm and 1.41 mm for both C35-L-C1 and C35-D-C1, respectively. As the number of cycles increases, the crack width value increases. As a general trend, the largest openings throughout the test were found for C35-D-C1 samples in both degradation tests (Figure 5c,d).
# Steam Explosion-Based Method for the Extraction of Cellulose and Lignin from Rice Straw Waste
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Experimental Techniques
#### 2.3.3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)  
A non-destructive approach was adopted for the quantitative assessment of crystalline fibres. This involved using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology, specifically a Bruker D8-Advance Goebel mirror system (Billerica, MA, USA) designed for non-flat samples. The system, which includes a high-temperature chamber capable of reaching 900 \({}^{\circ}\)C, was coupled with a Siemens Bruker Kirstalloflex K 760-80F X-ray generator. This generator operates at a power of 3000 W, with an adjustable voltage ranging from 20-60 KV and a current between 5-80 mA, and is equipped with a copper anode XR tube [58]. The crystallinity of the samples was determined using the crystallinity index (_CI_), calculated as per the methodology described by [PERSON] et al. [59], which is defined as:  
\[CI=\frac{A_{c}}{A_{c}+A_{a}}, \tag{4}\]  
where \(A_{c}\) is the area under crystalline peaks, and \(A_{a}\) is the area of amorphous hollows. This approach involved extracting individual crystalline peaks through a curve-fitting process from diffraction intensity profiles using a tool for fitting peaks included in OriginLab software, with Gaussian functions assumed for each peak. Iterations were repeated until a maximum F number, indicative of a high correlation coefficient (R\({}^{2}\) value of 0.997), was achieved. Furthermore, the crystallite size was determined using the Scherrer Equation [60], given by:  
\[D_{p}=\frac{0.94\lambda}{\beta\text{-}\text{cos}\theta} \tag{5}\]  
where \(D_{p}\) is the average crystallite size, \(\beta\) is the line broadening in radians, \(\theta\) is the Bragg angle, and \(\lambda\) is the X-ray wavelength. This formula is widely recognised in X-ray diffraction analysis for estimating the sizes of crystallites in a sample.  
Finally, diffractograms were indexed using peak positions corresponding to cellulose I\(\beta\) (ICDD patent PDF-2 database, File n\({}^{\text{o}}\) 00-050-2241) [61; 62].
# Adaptive Piecewise Poly-Sinc Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations
## 4 Adaptive Piecewise Poly-Sinc Algorithm
### Algorithm Description  
We discuss the adaptive algorithm for the piecewise Poly-Sinc approximation. The following steps of the adaptive algorithm are performed in an iterative loop [53]  
\[\mathsf{SOLVE}\to\mathsf{ESTIMATE}\to\mathsf{MARK}\to\mathsf{REFINE}.\]  
The adaptive piecewise Poly-Sinc algorithm is outlined in Algorithm 4. The refinement strategy is performed as follows. For the \(i-\)th iteration, we compute the set of \(L^{2}\) norm values \(\left\{\left\|R_{k}^{(i)}(x)\right\|_{L^{2}(l_{j}^{(i)})}\right\}_{k=1}^{K_{i}}\) over the \(K_{i}\) partitions, from which the sample mean \(\overline{R_{i}}=\frac{1}{K_{i}}\sum_{j=1}^{K_{i}}\left\|R_{j}^{(i)}(x)\right\| _{L^{2}(l_{j}^{(i)})}\) and the sample standard deviation [54]  
\[s_{i}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{K_{i}-1}}\sqrt{\sum_{j=1}^{K_{i}}\left(\left\|R_{j}^{(i)}( x)\right\|_{L^{2}(l_{j}^{(i)})}-\overline{R_{i}}\right)^{2}}\]  
are computed [26; 27; 28]. The residual \(R_{j}^{(i)}(x)\) for the \(j-\)th partition and the \(i-\)th iteration is discussed in Section 2.2. The partitions with the indices \(\mathfrak{I}_{i}=\left\{j\colon\left\|R_{j}^{(i)}(x)\right\|_{L^{2}(l_{j}^{(i) })}-\overline{R_{i}}\geq\omega_{i}s_{i}\right\}\) are marked for refinement, where the statistic [29]  
\[\omega_{i}=\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{K_{i}}\sum_{j=1}^{K_{i}}\left\|R_{j}^{(i)}(x) \right\|_{L^{2}(l_{j}^{(i)})}-\overline{R_{i}}\right\|}}{s_{i}}.\]  
Using Holder's inequality for sums with \(p=q=2\) ([55] SS3.2.8), one can show that \(\omega_{i}\leq\sqrt{\frac{K_{i}-1}{K_{i}}}<1\). We restrict to second-order moments only. The points in the partitions with the indices \(\mathfrak{I}_{i}\) are used as partitioning points and \(m=2N+1\)Sinc points are inserted in the newly created partitions. The algorithm terminates when the stopping criterion is satisfied. The approximate solution \(y_{\mathsf{c}}^{(i)}(x),i=1,\ldots,\kappa\), for the \(i-\)th iteration is computed using the collocation method outlined in Algorithms 1 and 2 for IVPs and Algorithm 3 for BVPs. We note that, for partition refinement, the residual is computed in its differential form \(R_{\mathsf{D}}(x)\).  
The definite integral in the \(L^{2}\) norm [56] is numerically computed using a Sinc quadrature [30], i.e.,  
\[\left\|f(x)\right\|_{L^{2}([a,b])}^{2}=\int_{a}^{b}|f(x)|^{2}\,\mathrm{d}x \approx h\sum_{k=-N}^{N}\frac{1}{\varphi^{\prime}(x_{k})}f^{2}(x_{k}),\]  
where \(\{x_{k}\}_{k=-N}^{N}\in[a,b]\) are the quadrature points, which are also Sinc points, and \(\varphi(x)\) is the conformal mapping in Section 2.1.2. The supremum norm on an interval \(I=[a,b]\) is approximated as ([57] Table 2.1)  
\[\|f(x)\|_{I}\approx\max\,\{|f(x_{k})|\}_{k=-N}^{N},\]  
where \(\{x_{k}\}_{k=-N}^{N}\) are the Sinc points on \(I\), whose generation is discussed in Section 2.1.2.
# Sustainability in Bio-Based Edible Films, Coatings, and Packaging for Small Fruits
## 3 Biological Sources of the Compounds Used in Films, Coatings, and Packaging
### Microorganisms-Based Materials  
Packaging small fruits using materials derived from microorganisms is an emerging field aimed at enhancing fresh produce's shelf life and safety. This approach leverages bio-based materials' biodegradable and antimicrobial properties to reduce microbial contamination and improve the overall quality of the packaged fruits.  
Studies on microbial contamination and packaging materials have shown that cardboard packaging can significantly reduce microbial contamination compared to plastic. Cardboard's ability to entrap microbial cells results in lower contamination levels of fruits like peaches, leading to better microbiological quality and extended shelf life [102] and MAP (Modified Atmosphere Packaging), especially with low oxygen levels, has been effective in reducing microbial growth in fresh-cut fruits such as persimmons and cactus pears. Combined with antimicrobial coatings, this method can significantly inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria like _E. coli_, _Salmonella_, and _Listeria_[103; 104].  
Biopolymers derived from biomass, microbes, and bio-derived monomers create biodegradable films. While these films are environmentally friendly, they often require additives to improve their mechanical and barrier properties [105]. Incorporating antimicrobial agents such as cinnamaldehyde into polylactic acid (PLA) films has been shown to enhance the antibacterial activity and barrier properties of the packaging. These films can effectively inhibit the growth of _E. coli_ and _Listeria_, providing a sustained release of the antimicrobial agent over time [106].  
Pectin-based edible coatings, combined with MAP, have successfully maintained fresh-cut fruits' sensory and microbiological quality. These coatings can reduce enzymatic browning and microbial growth, extending the shelf life of products like persimmons [104]. One of the main challenges with bio-based films is their inferior mechanical and barrier properties compared to conventional plastic films. Research is ongoing to improve these properties by incorporating various additives and nanomaterials [105]. While there have been successful laboratory-scale implementations of these innovative packaging materials, scaling up for commercial use remains a challenge. Cost, consumer acceptance, and regulatory approvals must be addressed [107].