# The Potential of Cannabidiol in the Management of Oral Infections
## 5 CBD Delivery Methods for Oral Infections: Current Strategies and Therapeutic Potential
### Localized Drug Delivery Systems
#### 5.3.3. Biodegradable Inserts  
CBD-loaded inserts can be placed into periodontal pockets or mucosal defects, delivering the drug over days or weeks. This approach ensures high localized concentrations with minimal systemic effects, particularly valuable in managing chronic bacterial biofilms [76]. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of CBD vary significantly across delivery routes. For oral infections, the goal is localized drug accumulation, which is most efficiently achieved through topical or site-specific systems. Topical and localized systems have shown superior tissue penetration and therapeutic efficacy, while systemic delivery may serve a complementary role in modulating broader immune responses. Key factors influencing efficacy include the following: (i) formulation pH and solubility; (ii) adhesion to oral tissues; (iii) CBD stability in saliva; and (iv) release kinetics and penetration depth [67]. Table 2 summarizes the main CBD delivery methods tailored to oral infections. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Delivery Systems** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Topical Delivery Systems} & \multirow{4}{*}{Mouth Rinses} & Direct application to infection site. & \multirow{4}{*}{Limited to accessible areas.} & \multirow{4}{*}{[63]} \\  & & Enhances tissue penetration. & & \\  & and Ointments & Reduces inflammation and & & \\  & & microbial load. & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{4}{*}{Mouth Rinses} & Easy to use. Reduces plaque and & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Short retention time. May \\ need repeated \\ administration. \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{[45; 59]} \\  & & gingival bleeding. & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Buccal Films \\ and Patches \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Adheres to the mucosa. Extended \\ CBD release. Effective for \\ chronic lesions. \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Potential discomfort. May \\ detach with saliva \\ or movement. \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{[38; 64; 65]} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Oral Capsules/Edibles \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Convenient for widespread \\ infections. Supports systemic \\ immune modulation. \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{Low bioavailability (6–10\%).} & \multirow{4}{*}{[27; 66]} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Sublingual \\ Oils/Tinctures \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Aovoids first-pass metabolism. \\ Faster onset. Improved \\ bioavailability (up to 35\%). \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{Lacks local targeting, Shorter duration of action.} & \multirow{4}{*}{[37; 67]} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3}  & & & Enhanced solubility and stability. \\  & & Improved cellular uptake. Strong \\  & Delivery & antimicrobial and & \\  & & anti-inflammatory effects. & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Hydrogels/Injectable \\ Systems \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Localized, sustained release. \\ Biodegradable and minimally \\ invasive. Supports \\ tissue regeneration. \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Requires clinical application. \\ Potential cost and \\ formulation complexity. \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{[38]} \\  & & Long-term drug release. Maintains \\  & & high local concentration. Effective & \\  & & for chronic biofilms. & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} Biodegradable Inserts \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Long-term drug release. Maintains \\ high local concentration. Effective \\ for chronic biofilms. \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{[76]} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  
CBD exhibits a favorable safety profile for oral applications at therapeutic doses, but toxicological evaluations specific to oral tissues remain limited.