# Secure Delivery Method for Preserving Data Integrity of a Video Frame with Sensitive Objects
### Contributions  
In this work, we define a digital fingerprint that is an output of the cryptographic hash function \(SHA-256\), applied to a record of a data frame captured by a web camera. It captures the essential idea of the unique identification of digital content using a cryptographic hash function. The digital fingerprint represents the unique value derived from a data frame and can originate from any device between edge devices and a server in a cloud. Its details are described in Section 2.2.  
Watermarks are embedded marks that indicate ownership and deter unauthorized distribution [8]. It helps indicate the ownership of content and discourages unauthorized copying or distribution. However, watermarking procedures introduce alterations to the original data, which may render such data unreliable for use as forensic or legal evidence. An invisible watermark is embedded within the content in a way that is not readily visible. Our experiment focuses primarily on feature extraction from the original image data.  
Figure 1: (a) Original image, (b) modified image.  
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric-key encryption algorithm widely used to secure data [9]. In AES, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. AES is considered highly secure and resistant to various forms of cryptographic attacks. The main objective of the paper, which is image authenticity verification, is a key requirement in the selection of the applied technology. While AES provides block-based symmetric key encryption and decryption functions, it is difficult to perform authenticity verification using AES alone. Additionally, applying AES for fingerprint composition, rather than the entire image, is not suitable.  
The determination of the authenticity of digital records must maintain the continuity of evidence storage or the linkage of digital records [10]. During investigations of incidents caused by intentional contamination or accidentally exposed data, these fingerprints can be used to identify the incidents. Additionally, the logger, playing a role as a data creator, generates situational information by extracting the object information included in the captured video. In order to maintain data reliability, authenticity, verification, a function that detects whether data have been modified by an unauthorized user is required [11].  
Designing an encoding and decoding algorithm can help preserve sensitive data that could be misused in deep-fakes. It can also help verify the authenticity of the original data and detect any unauthorized modifications. This paper presents a privacy protection method based on XOR operation, which offers several advantages, including simple and efficient computation, reversibility, enhanced security through the use of keys, diverse applicability, and ease of integration with additional security techniques.  
The contributions of this paper are as follows.  
* We design an XOR encoding scheme with a filter to securely and efficiently handle both encoding and decoding operations within an edge device.
* This scheme is designed to securely and efficiently handle both encoding and decoding operations within an edge device.
* We apply the fingerprint of an image as the value of a leaf node in the hash tree.
* We evaluate the performance of the data delivery method using a prototype based on an edge device.