# Injury Incidence in Traineras: Analysis of Traditional Rowing by Competitive Level and Gender
## 4 Discussion  
The main objective of this study was to analyze and describe the incidence of injury patterns in Traineras rowing. The main finding of this research was that the majority of injuries occurred during high-volume training periods. Most of them are new injuries for men and women. The most injured body regions in this rowing modality were the low back and shoulders, while the main diagnoses were muscle cramps and tendinitis for most of the rowers. To our knowledge, investigations carried out on fixed-seat rowing injuries are practically non-existent in the scientific literature about Traineras. However, due to their similarity, research about Traineras has been compared to the Olympic rowing modality [1; 2; 3; 5]. Therefore, despite the substantial heterogeneity of injury-reported methodologies in Olympic rowing research [57], our results will be compared to the existing literature related to injuries in Olympic rowing and also to the existing literature about injuries in other fixed-seat rowing modalities. The results obtained showed that, irrespective of competitive level and gender, overuse injuries were much higher than those caused by trauma (\(p<0.01\)) in Traineras rowing, results that are in line with previous research that described injuries in Olympic rowing in general [56]. In elite rowers [50; 63] junior, senior, and master rowers [62], and female rowers [57]. Likewise, the result of this study fits well with Mediterranean fixed-sit rowing injuries [85]. These results make sense since, given the cyclic character of these rowing modalities and not physical contact, most injuries are the result of chronic overuse [56]. Within injury characteristics, our results showed that training periods and high-volume periods were statistically associated with a higher incidence of injury, in accordance with a previous investigation [85], and in the same line, new injuries were significantly higher than recurrent injuries. The body region has been the most analyzed variable when trying to understand the prevalence of injuries in sports in general and also in rowing. The results described that the main injured body region was the low back, a similar result with previous investigations in Olympic rowing [64; 66; 69; 71] and with an investigation carried out in Maltese traditional fixed-sit rowing [84]. However, the results were only partially in line with previous research carried out in Spanish Mediterranean rowers since the main injured body region was the ankle due to strains over low back pain injuries, which were in second position [85]. The results showed that the second injured body region in Traineras rowing were the shoulders, only partially in line with results in previous investigations in Olympic rowing, since the following injured regions after the low back were the knee [51] and chest [49; 60]. Related to rib stress fractures [55; 58; 67; 82], and then shoulders were described in less number. In fact, the shoulder is considered a less common injury in Olympic rowing [60]. However, the results are in line with previous investigations in other fixed-seat rowing modalities, such as Mediterranean rowing [85] and Maltese traditional rowing [84], since shoulders were described as the most injured body regions. From these results, it could be interpreted that the fact that the flexion-extension of the trunk is more pronounced than in Olympic rowing and trunk rotation is needed significantly in the last part of the stroke influences the injury to the shoulders. Within injuries per body region, the results showed that there were statistical differences between men and women in low back (\(p<0.01\)). showing a higher incidence for male rowers. in the total sample and in both. elite and non-elite rowers. Our results showed that injuries in the low back were about 35% of the total for men, while in women, being the highest injured body region as well, they did not reach 20%.