###### Abstract
One of the most significant decisions to implement this approach is to monitor continuously the equipment's condition through a smart SCADA system where the Knowledge Discovery modules are to be integrated. The core step used in the Knowledge Discovery modules is Data Mining. It involves extracting information and transforming it into a more understandable format (containing the operation patterns) by the DEMA from the operators in the control room of the hydropower plant. The information provided through such Knowledge Discovery modules can help improve the lifetime of the power units by reducing their downtime and enhancing their production. It can also minimize the costs of operations and maintenance [10]. Compared to other sustainable initiatives, such as eco-friendly products and renewable energy projects, the lack of visibility of the smart SCADA systems makes them less apparent. But they can play a vital role in helping the hydropower sector to improve resource utilization, optimize maintenance operations, and fulfill sustainability objectives [11]. The following strong points can be highlighted regarding the sustainability objectives of a smart SCADA [12; 13; 14]:  
* _Remote monitoring and control_: The SCADA systems can help reduce the need for travel to physical places of the electrical/mechanical aggregates from the hydropower plant due to the remote terminal units (RTUs), thereby decreasing carbon emissions associated with transportation. The systems allow the remote monitoring and control of aggregates/equipment from the control room using RTUs. Because the dispatcher can monitor and control the systems using RTUs, this flexibility reduces the need to move the service team in all important points, contributing thus to sustainability by lowering carbon emissions. * _Energy efficiency_: A smart SCADA system can help the use of a smaller water amount from the dam by monitoring and storing historical data in real time. This enables them to identify the improper working and leaks in the aggregates and installations, which can result in timely repairs and lower energy consumption. * _Compliance with environmental regulations_: A smart SCADA system can generate reports and track key environmental metrics, allowing hydropower companies to reduce their ecological footprint by monitoring the working hours of their generators and turbines. This enables them to plan their maintenance operations more precisely, which helps them save on resources and minimizes downtime. * _Predictive maintenance_: Predictive maintenance is ensured by a smart SCADA system, which keeps track of the hydro aggregate's performance and running hours. This helps in identifying potential issues and planning preventive maintenance activities, which extends the lifespan of the equipment and reduces waste and the impact of manufacturing new machinery and parts. These systems can also provide notifications in real time in the event of malfunctions. * _Rapid response to issues_: Integrating with the Internet of Things can help a SCADA system provide rapid response capabilities. This allows it to monitor and respond to environmental incidents and operational issues in real time. It can also prevent more significant issues, such as failure or water leaks. The challenge associated with a smart SCADA system should respond to the following two questions:  
1. How can a deeper analysis of the data from various processes and equipment within the hydropower plant be performed? 2. Which is the best approach to perform the analysis? This process must be carried out efficiently to maximize the information from the SCADA database. The literature presents different Knowledge Discovery applications in the hydropower industry. [PERSON] et al. [2] proposed a linear regression procedure used to determine the energy production relationship between upstream and downstream hydro plants. A cluster analysis has been performed to find the typical generation curves.