# Experimental Study of Vegetative Properties in
## 1 Introduction  
With rapid economic and social development, the population density along riverbanks has increased, leading to unprecedented pollution pressure on riparian zones and water environments. This pollution is primarily caused by agricultural activities, industrial discharge, and urbanization [1; 2; 3]. During rainfall or irrigation, a large number of pollutants are carried by runoff directly into river bodies, harming the natural functions of aquatic ecosystems and impacting the overall system's health and stability [3; 4; 5]. Consequently, effective control and management of non-point source pollution is essential to safeguard water quality and ecological safety, and promote sustainable social development. Non-point source pollution, the primary cause of riparian water pollution, differs from point source pollution due to its widespread and dispersed origins. This type of pollution primarily results from atmospheric, surface, and underground pollutants being carried into rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and oceans by rainfall [6; 7]. Ecological bank protection technologyis a crucial strategy for preventing non-point source pollution and safeguarding ecological environments. Currently, it is a focal point of research in the applied science field [8; 9]. At present, traditional shoreline protection is mainly based on hard reventent (dry block stone, slurry block stone, etc. ), which lacks ecological effect. However, ecological reventent can not only strengthen the landscape function of the bank slope and enhance its stability and erosion resistance [10] but also effectively intercept and purify various non-point source pollutants [11]. Moreover, it can effectively control the leaching of heavy metal pollution from soil compartments, which is an important measure to solve the problem of non-point source pollutants on the bank [12; 13; 14]. As a mainstream measure for bank slope ecological restoration, ecological substrate revent mainly consists of soil, bonded material, pH regulator, organic matter, plant seeds, etc. This measure can not only quickly establish vegetation but also improve the stability of the bank slope, purify water, and promote the improvement of the ecosystem [15; 16]. In response to the limitations of conventional reventent substrates in addressing non-point source pollution, both domestic and international researchers have conducted numerous studies on enhancing and selecting ecological reventent filler materials. [PERSON] et al. [17] enhanced EPC (ecological pervious concrete) for reventent, highlighting its intricate pore structure that facilitates water infiltration underground or into rivers while also providing habitats for flora and fauna. [PERSON] et al. [18] formulated ecological concrete using artificial zeolite, glass fiber, and silica fume, achieving removal rates of 85.7% for TN and 51.6% for TP in contaminated water. [PERSON] et al. [19] introduced a novel reventent material comprising BC and Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\), demonstrating that a mass fraction of 25% Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\) and 2% BC exhibited effective removal capabilities for ammonia nitrogen (45%), phosphorus (100%), and heavy metals (\(\geq\)90%). [PERSON] et al. [20] studied multi-aggregate planting ecological concrete and multi-aggregate filter ecological concrete prepared using adsorption materials as coarse aggregate, and the average removal rates of NH\({}_{3}\)-N, TP, and COD reached 76%, 54%, and 51%. In the field of ecological reventent technology, the combination of two enhanced materials, zeolite (ZL) and biochar (BC), has garnered attention due to its significant impact on water purification and soil enhancement. [PERSON] et al. [21] conducted a study on a zeolite-biochar (ZL-BC)-modified constructed wetland for wastewater treatment, finding that the removal efficiency of COD, ammonia, phenol, Pb, and Mn by ZL-BC reached up to 99%, with lower nitrous oxide emissions compared to gravel. [PERSON] et al.