## 3 Research Methodology  
_Sample and Data Collection_  
Survey indicators and variables from prior studies have been gathered. Both a conceptual model and a hypothesis have been created after gathering these indicators and variables. A questionnaire would then be the next step. The distribution of questionnaires takes two phases. The first is, as a pilot test, that respondents receive closed questionnaires. The goal is to assess the validity and reliability of the statements. In this closed questionnaire, the number of responses was 30. The data processing was performed after collecting data from the initial dissemination of the questionnaire. The aim was to assess whether the questions are valid and reliable as per research. Once the final distribution of survey questions was determined to be valid and reliable, a Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was performed. The survey was conducted in key industrial industries such as chemicals, textiles, electronics, construction, communication, etc. The questionnaire contained fifty-five items related to independent and dependent variables. Because the collected data are objective and quantitative, the study has utilized a positive approach and methodology. Quantitative methodology is primarily deductive and is best suited to proving or disproving a hypothesis. It was used in this research to position theories and develop understanding before identifying the results through empirical evidence. As a result of the sampling frame being prepared, a simple random sampling was used in this study. This sample represents the population, and it makes significant samples that are highly representative of it. The summary of the research approach used in the study is shown in Figure 3.  
The adoption of E-procurement technology and its influence on sustainable procurement and study's research object is medium and large ISO 14001-certified manufacturers or organizations located in Johor, Malaysia, which have more than 250 employees in the organizations' respective procurement departments. This study included 162 individuals  
Figure 3: An overview of the chosen Research Philosophy Approach.  
representing ISO 14001-accredited organizations, thus meeting [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s (1970) table for determining the sample size of the finite population. Responses were included from procurement executives, procurement supervisors, procurement managers, and procurement personnel who are actively or indirectly involved in procuring products and services. To assess whether the questions were appropriate and clear, a questionnaire survey was sent to supply chain experts. To measure the answer of the respondents, five measurement points on a Likert scale were employed, ranging from disagreement to agreement (strongly disagree = 1, disagree = 2, neutral = 3, agree = 4, and strongly agree = 5). The respondents were invited to select suitable statements of implementation of E-procurement and its impact on green procurement practices from these scales. The validity and reliability tests were then performed on the final questionnaire once the final questionnaire had been distributed and the data were obtained. PLS-SEM describes the path diagram for assessing the measurement model, also known as the outer model [134]. This comprises the tests for convergent validity, discriminant (cross-loading) validity, composite reliability, Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value, and assessment of the structural model, which is also known as an inner model, including R-square testing, path coefficient testing, and, finally, hypothesis testing. The conceptual framework shows the connecting variables that are supposed to build their hypothesis. This study is based on the research model.