## 3 Results
### LC-MS Analysis of EB Extracts
After comparison, it was found that the TA + LC combination exhibited the most effective anti-inflammatory effect. It was therefore considered that the LC strain showed the most effective synergy with TA, and the following experiments were conducted accordingly. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Peak**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Compound Name**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Molecular**Formula**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**[M + H]\({}^{*}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fragment**Ion (\(\mu\)/z)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EB-Met**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EB-EtOAc**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Fermented**} \\  & & & & & **Im (\(\mu\)/z)** & & & **Time** & **Time** & **Time** \\  & & & & **(min)** & & & **(min)** & & **(min)** & **Content * \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{1} & \multirow{2}{*}{Phloroglucinol} & \multirow{2}{*}{C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{6}\)O\({}_{3}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{127.0389} & 127.0401, & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.177} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.605} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.47} & \multirow{2}{*}{237.385} \\  & & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\
2 & 7-Phloroeckol & C\({}_{24}\)H\({}_{46}\)O\({}_{12}\) & 497.0703 & 499.0761, & \multirow{2}{*}{9.051} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.005} & \multirow{2}{*}{9.058} & \multirow{2}{*}{12.980} & \multirow{2}{*}{9.059} & \multirow{2}{*}{54.654} \\  & & & & & 499.0765 & & & & & \\
3 & Phlorotoflueroekol A & C\({}_{30}\)H\({}_{18}\)O\({}_{14}\) & 603.0763 & 604.0787, & \multirow{2}{*}{9.754} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.216} & \multirow{2}{*}{10.355} & \multirow{2}{*}{18.240} & \multirow{2}{*}{9.835} & \multirow{2}{*}{92.306} \\  & & & & 605.0809 & & & & & & \\
4 & \multirow{2}{*}{Dieckol} & \multirow{2}{*}{C\({}_{36}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{18}\)} & 743.42 & 744.0898, & \multirow{2}{*}{22.98} & \multirow{2}{*}{37.275} & \multirow{2}{*}{22.985} & \multirow{2}{*}{89.707} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} \\  & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Chemical characterization of _E. bicyclis_ extracts by LC-MS. Effects of TA and LC on Body Weight, DAI Index, Colon Length, Spleen Weight, and Histological Score in DSS-Treated Mice  
Following the in vitro experiments, we investigated the combined effects of the phlorotannin-rich fractions of _E. bicylcis_ and LC in DSS-treated mice. A 3% DSS solution was administered for 7 days, starting on day 17. Rapid weight loss was observed 3 days after DSS administration. During DSS administration, the DSS group exhibited a weight loss rate of 22.7% on day 7 compared with that on day 0. In contrast, the control group, which did not receive DSS, showed a weight gain of 3.54%. The DTA, DLC, and DTL groups showed 8.64%, 11.3%, and 7.1% weight losses, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the DSS group (Figure 3A,B). The DAI index was evaluated on a scale of 0-3 for diarrhea and bloody stool and 0-3 for anal bleeding. Throughout the DSS administration period, the disease index improved in all extract treatment groups compared to the DSS group, with the lowest score observed in the DTL group (Figure 3C). Colon length, which is indicative of colon inflammation, was significantly increased in both the DTA and DTL groups compared to the DSS group (Figure 3D,E). Additionally, spleen enlargement was notably reduced by 31.3% in the DTL group relative to the DSS group, indicating recovery from the symptoms of spleen enlargement based on spleen weight, a major immune-related tissue (Figure 3F). Following the assignment of histological scores, the DTA and DTL groups exhibited significantly lower scores, indicating a reduced severity of intestinal tissue disease compared to the DSS group (Figure 3G,H). Figure 2: Anti-inflammatory effect of _E. bicylcis_ extracts in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. (**A**) TNF-\(\alpha\) and (**B**) IL-6 levels following treatment with differently isolated extracts from _E. bicylcis_ (25-50 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro m}\)).