esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Far-Field Performance  
Minimizing the stray field, ideally below our measurement uncertainty of 0.01 G, at the 3.5\" distant interaction region is another important requirement for this magnet. Helium energy levels change at \(\sim\)1.4 MHz/G. Measuring frequencies to kHz precision benefits from mG B-field uniformity. Significant fringe field differences are noted for small spacing changes in Helmholtz inner pair and canceling outer pair, as shown in Figure 12. Greater attention is paid to the z = 0 far-field behavior because the subsequent precision spectroscopy interaction region is largely in the z = 0 plane of the magnet assembly (see Figure 1).  
The 1/16\" inner pair gap with no inner to outer spacing (0, 2/32) configuration exhibits anomalous behavior with a negative B-field inflection point. It nevertheless meets the 3\" far-field requirement with better performance than all other configurations presented.  
Figure 12: Transverse (\(\rho\)) far-field B\({}_{\rm z}\) measurements for variations in the inner-outer pair separation (first value) and gap (second value).  
Transverse (x) asymptotic behavior was explored using the (0, 4/32) configuration to allow a more detailed model comparison, as shown in Figure 13. Bz-field roll-off is compared with 1/\(r^{5}\) decay (blue broken line) and the COMSOL model prediction. At sufficiently large distances (close to the noise level of our measurements), it appears that the imbalance in the individual canceling dipoles of the configurations leads to a residual dipole component in the decay. Our data and fits indicate that the inner and outer dipole pairs have an approximate 10% mismatch in magnitude. Careful matching should be implemented if a smaller fringe field is required. However, the far-field gradient at 3.5\({}^{\prime\prime}\) is an acceptable 0.5 mG/mm.  
\[\frac{dB_{z}}{dx}(3.5^{\prime\prime})=13\;\text{mG}/\text{in}=0.51\;\text{mG}/ \text{mm} \tag{14}\]
# Response to Sulfur Dioxide Addition by Two Commercial _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ Strains
## 5 Conclusions  
This study investigated the responses of two different commercial _S. cerevisiae_ strains to the presence (50 mg/L) and absence (0 mg/L, control) of SO\({}_{2}\) in terms of fermentation kinetics and yeast-derived volatile secondary metabolites. BRL97 was found to be more resistant to SO\({}_{2}\) than QA23, which exhibited decreased growth and a slower fermentation rate when SO\({}_{2}\) was added. However, both yeast strains successfully completed fermentation with or without SO\({}_{2}\) addition, and neither yeast strain exhibited a VBNC response to the 50 mg/L SO\({}_{2}\) added. Free SO\({}_{2}\) levels differed between strains when 50 mg/L SO\({}_{2}\) was added, with free SO\({}_{2}\) remaining in the juice for a longer period of time in the fermentations conducted by QA23. The rate of H\({}_{2}\)S production also differed between the two yeast strains in response to SO\({}_{2}\) addition, but both strains ultimately produced similar levels of H\({}_{2}\)Sby the end of the fermentations. BRL97 expressed constitutively higher acetaldehyde production, potentially explaining at least part of the difference in SO\({}_{2}\) resistance observed between the two strains. Based on these results, sulfite efflux and acetaldehyde production were the most different between the two strains, but it is likely that a combination of multiple mechanisms were involved in sulfite resistance for both strains. Research into the transcriptome and proteome of these two specific strains may help provide a clearer understanding of which mechanism(s) these strains rely on most heavily for sulfite resistance. Overall, the production of volatile compounds by both yeast strains was higher when SO\({}_{2}\) was added, and the wines produced without SO\({}_{2}\) were generally negatively correlated with the production of undesirable volatile compounds. QA23 produced a consistent wine regardless of whether SO\({}_{2}\) was added, and the volatile profile of these wines were not different between SO\({}_{2}\) treatments. Conversely, wines fermented by BRL97 were much more variable in their volatile profiles, and SO\({}_{2}\) addition significantly affected the composition of these yeast-derived secondary metabolites.  
Conceptualization, S.C.M., J.J.H., V.J. and D.M.D.; formal analysis, S.C.M.; investigation, S.C.M., J.J.H. and B.J.; methodology, S.C.M., J.J.H. and B.J.; resources, V.J. and D.M.D.; supervision, V.J. and D.M.D.; visualization, S.C.M.; writing--original draft, S.C.M.; writing--review and editing, S.C.M., J.J.H., B.J., V.J. and D.M.D.  
This research received no external funding.  
We would like to thank the following people for technical assistance, guidance, and equipment: [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] of the University of Adelaide, as well as [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] of the University of British Columbia.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
List of yeast-derived volatile secondary metabolites as analyzed by HS-SPME GC-MS.
## 2 Methods
### Cycle Slips Detection Model with Geometry-Free Phase Combination  
In a GF combination, the ionosphere residuals of the dual-frequency carrier phase observations are utilized to detect cycle slips, and therefore the effects of the geometric distance are eliminated. For the purpose of this study, the GF observation is expressed as [27]:  
\[L_{\text{GF}}=L_{1}-L_{5}=\lambda_{1}N_{1}-\lambda_{5}N_{5}+\frac{f_{1}^{2}-f_ {5}^{2}}{f_{5}^{2}}ion \tag{1}\]  
where the symbol \(c\) denotes the speed of light, \(L_{1}\), \(L_{5}\) are the raw carrier phase observations of B1c and B2a, respectively, and the carrier phase frequencies are \(f_{1}(1575.420\) MHz), \(f_{5}(1176.450\) MHz), \(\lambda_{1}=(c/f_{1})\), and \(\lambda_{5}=(c/f_{5})\). The geometric distance between the stations and satellites have been eliminated by Equation (1), and also the satellite clock error and the receiver clock error. If we take the adjacent epoch difference of Equation (1), then the decision quantity of the GF combination can be constructed for the cycle slips' detection:  
\[\Delta N_{GF}=L_{GF}(t+1)-L_{GF}(t) \tag{2}\]  
In this formula, \(\Delta N_{GF}\) represents a cycle-slip detection measurement without a geometry model.  
According to the law of error propagation, we obtain the standard deviation of the GF combined cycle slips' detection:  
\[\sigma_{\Delta N_{GF}}=\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{\left(\sigma_{\varphi}\right)^{2}+ \left(\frac{f_{1}}{f_{5}}\sigma_{\varphi}\right)^{2}} \tag{3}\]  
where the standard deviation of the cycle slips' detection for the GF model is \(\sigma_{\Delta N_{GF}}=0.023\) cycles. The carrier phase precision is \(\sigma_{\varphi}=0.01\) cycles [28]. In this paper, 3 times the standard deviation is taken as the threshold to test the occurrence of cycle slips; when the cycle slip detection value of the B1c and B2a carrier phase observation is greater than 0.07 cycles, it can be judged that the phase observation has cycle slips.
## 2 Working Conditions and Mathematical Modelling of Masts
### Classification of Working Conditions  
Firstly, the working conditions of rotary drilling rigs are classified into the following seven categories, as shown in Table 1, including the whole working cycle of rotary drilling rigs, including drilling condition B1, out-of-hole lifting condition B2, in-hole lifting condition B3, dumping condition B4, shaking condition B5, walking condition B6, and rotating condition B7. In this study, we mainly analyze the strength, stiffness, stability, fatigue, and the related calculations.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Working Condition** & **Description** \\ \hline Drilling condition B1 & The mast is perpendicular to the ground, the drill bit is in contact with the ground, the pressure cylinder applies maximum pressure downward, and the power head drives the drill rod bit to dig downward. \\ Out-of-hole lifting condition B2 & The mast of the rotary drilling rig is perpendicular to the ground, the winch lifts outside the hole, and the self-weight of the power head is borne by the pressure cylinder ([PERSON], 2018), which does not provide lifting force. \\ In-hole lifting condition B3 & The mast is perpendicular to the ground and the main winch lifts the drill pipe and hit in the hole. \\ Dumping condition B4 & The power head can unload the soil in the drill bit by turning \\ Shaking soil condition B5 & The rotary drilling rig starts and stops continuously through the winch mechanism, rises and lowers the drill pipe to unload the soil using inertia. \\ Walking condition B6 & With the drill pipe fully retracted and the mast perpendicular to the ground, the rotary drilling rig moves to advance to the next construction position. \\ Rotating condition B7 & The drill pipe is fully recovered, the mast is perpendicular to the ground, and the body is rotated for dumping, shaking, and changing bits. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Table of working conditions.  
Figure 1: Rotary drilling rig. (1) Guidance and load-bearing of the main and auxiliary wire ropes. (2) Guidance of the drill pipe. (3) Guidance and load-bearing of the power head. (4) Pressurization and lifting of the power head. (5) Pose adjustment.
## 6 Conclusions  
In this study, we investigated the impact of noise on the performance of QPSK-oriented all-optical matching systems and developed an effective noise-suppression scheme for the systems. We first analyzed the effects of input and amplifier noise from EDFAs on the output signal of the system. With an input OSNR of 6 dB and an EDFA NF of 4 dB, the original system output incorrect matching results due to the effects of noise. The system optimized using the proposed second-order noise-suppression structures has a simpler architecture and exhibits better noise resistance than the original system. The optimized system reduces the requirement for the minimum input OSNR to 0 dB. At an input OSNR of 0 dB, the log \(BER\) of the optimized all-optical matching system was close to negative infinity, the ER of the output signal was 154.9532 dB, the CR was 166.94289 dB, and the Q factor was 161.12 dB, indicating that under this noise level, the optimized system can output matching results with high stability.  
The proposed scheme has two second-order noise-suppression structures. In future studies, we will explore noise-suppression schemes with simpler structures and lower costs. In addition, we will study noise-suppression schemes for higher-order modulations.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, X.L.; methodology, F.R. and T.G.; software, F.R., T.G. and Y.T.; validation, F.R. and T.G.; formal analysis, X.L. and F.R.; investigation, X.L.; resources, X.L., Y.T. and S.H.; data curation, Y.T. and T.G.; writing--original draft preparation, X.L. and F.R.; writing--review and editing, X.L. and F.R.; visualization, T.G.; supervision, X.L.; project administration, X.L.; funding acquisition, X.L., Y.T. and S.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62171050, 62125103), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2024 ZCJH02), the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications) (IPOC2024B06), and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (No. 2024 JC-YBQN-0685).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to the fact that the data also form part of an ongoing study.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
## 1 Introduction  
The liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) systems are considered as an attractive option for the storage and transport of hydrogen and enable the gradual transition from fossil fuels to a CO\({}_{2}\) emission-free energy supply for both mobile and stationary applications. Hydrogen can be charged in LOHC and reversibly discharged with considerable amounts of hydrogen up to 6-7% wt. [1]. The LOHC-based energy storage is a challenging technology that requires research and development efforts to optimize its performance to a commercially attractive level. There is no shortage of ideas for suitable candidates for the LOHC systems. For example, the reversible hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions of substituted pyridines or quinolines according to Figure 1 could be interesting, since the main sources of pyridines and quinolines include petroleum, coal processing, wood preservation and shale oil, or they can be synthesized from anilines [2]. Provided that pyridines and quinolines have favorable thermodynamic properties, they could be considered as a potential LOHC system. Indeed, the gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities are 7.5% wt. for reaction 1, 6.3% wt. for reaction 2, and 5.4% wt. for reaction 3. Moreover, most of these compounds are low viscose liquids at ambient temperatures (e.g., the melting point and the dynamic viscosity of pyridine (236 K and 0.6 cP), quinoline (256 K and 3.0 cP), 2-methyl-pyridine (206 K and 0.8 cP), 4-methyl-pyridine (277 K and 0.9 cP), 2-methyl-qionoline (270 K and 4.3 cP), and 4-methyl-quinoline (283 K and 6.2 cP)). These thermophysical properties make the pyridines and quinolines attractive as potential LOHC. The 2-phenylquinoline with a melting temperature of 355.9 K is a technologically less attractive compound, but it can capture and release 8 moles of hydrogen.  
The general lack of thermochemical data for participants of reactions 1-3 (Figure 1) prevents the analysis of the thermodynamic feasibility for these possible LOHC systems.  
The development of experimental and theoretical methods for measuring and evaluating thermochemical properties of organic compounds is the long-term goal of our laboratory in Rostock. The focus of this work was on the evaluation of thermochemical properties (vapor pressures, standard molar vaporization enthalpies, \(\Delta_{\text{I}}^{\text{g}}H_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}}\), and standard molar enthalpies of formation, \(\Delta_{\text{I}}H_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}}\)) of participants of reactions 1 to 3. These data are essential for the thermodynamic analysis of LOHC systems based on pyridine and quinoline derivatives.
# NDVI or PPI: A (Quick) Comparison for Vegetation Dynamics Monitoring in Mountainous Area
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methodology and Implementation  
The steps of the implemented methodology are shown in Figure 2. We used the R environment ([[https://www.R-project.org/](https://www.R-project.org/)]([https://www.R-project.org/](https://www.R-project.org/)) accessed on 3 August 2023) for image processing and statistical analysis, TIMESAT 3.3 for time-series processing and phenological metrics retrieval [46; 47], and Google Earth Engine (GEE) [48] and ArcGIS pro 3.1 software for vegetation cover mapping.  
Figure 2: General Workflow for the comparative assessment of PPI and NDVI for phenological metrics retrieval. The Vegetation Cover map is produced using Sentinel-2 images and “High Resolution Layers” from the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS). This map is then used together with pre-processed PPI and NDVI rasters to retrieve PPI and NDVI values per vegetation classes. In a subsequent step, these values are used to process and retrieve time-series and seasonality parameters necessary for the analysis.
# Spatio-Temporal Changes in Ecosystem Quality across the Belt and Road Region
###### Abstract  
The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative (BRI) proposed in 2013 by China has greatly accelerated the social and economic development of the countries along the Belt and Road (B&R) region. However, the international community has questioned its impact on the ecological environment and a comprehensive assessment of ecosystem quality changes is lacking. Therefore, this study proposes an objective and automatic method to assess ecosystem quality and analyzes the Spatiotemporal changes in the B&R region. First, an ecosystem quality index (EQI) is established by integrating the vegetation status derived from three remote sensing ecological parameters including the leaf area index, fractional vegetation cover and gross primary productivity. Then, the EQI values are automatically categorized into five ecosystem quality levels including excellent, good, moderate, low and poor to illustrate their spatiotemporal changes from the years 2016 to 2020. The results indicate that the spatial distributions of the EQIs across the B&R region exhibited similar patterns in the years 2016 and 2020. The regions with excellent levels accounted for the lowest proportion of less than 12%, while regions with moderate, low and poor levels accounted for more than 68% of the study area. Moreover, based on the EQI pattern analysis between the years 2016 and 2020, the regions with no significant EQI change accounted for up to 99.33% and approximately 0.45% experienced a significantly decreased EQI. Therefore, this study indicates that the ecosystem quality of the B&R region was relatively poor and experienced no significant change in the five years after the implementation of the \"Vision and Action to Promote the Joint Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road\". This study can provide useful information for decision support on the future ecological environment management and sustainable development of the B&R region.  
the Belt and Road region; ecosystem quality; spatiotemporal changes; leaf area index; fractional vegetation cover; gross primary productivity +
Footnote †: journal: _Sensors_**2023**, 23, 7752. [[https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187752](https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187752)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187752](https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187752))
# Cyclostationary Crosstalk Cancelation in High-Speed Transmission Lines
## 4 Experimental Results
### Bit Error Rate Estimation  
In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the cyclic Wiener filtering and discuss the results of the crosstalk cancelation an analysis of the eye diagrams and BER characterization was performed. Figures 13 and 14 show pairs of the eye diagrams and the corresponding BER diagrams for bit rates 0.4 Gbit/s and 2.5 Gbit/s, respectively. Figure 15 shows the bit error rate versus the voltage for the middle of the single bit responses for bit rates 0.4 Gbit/s and 2.5 Gbit/s. The figures verify the effective crosstalk cancelation using the cyclic Wiener filter. However, the achieved eye-opening width is smaller for bit rate 2.5 Gbit/s than for bit rate 0.4 Gbit/s. This tendency was analyzed using a series of experiments.  
Figure 11: (**a**) The correlation matrix \(\mathbf{R}_{dd}\) of the victim signal without crosstalk; (**b**) the correlation matrix \(\mathbf{R}_{cc}\) of the crosstalk interference signal. (**c**) The eigenvalues of the correlation matrices \(\mathbf{R}_{dd}\) and \(\mathbf{R}_{cc}\). (**d**) The scaled eigenvectors of the correlation matrices. Bit rate is 2.5 Gbit/s.  
Figure 12: Cyclic Wiener filter: (**a**) bit rate is 0.4 Gbit/s; (**b**) bit rate is 2.5 Gbit/s.  
Figure 14: (**a**) Eye diagram of victim signal with crosstalk; (**b**) BER diagram of victim signal with crosstalk; (**c**) eye diagram of estimated signal; (**d**) BER diagram of estimated signal. Bit rate is 2.5 Gbit/s.  
Figure 13: (**a**) Eye diagram of victim signal with crosstalk; (**b**) BER diagram of victim signal with crosstalk; (**c**) eye diagram of estimated signal; (**d**) BER diagram of estimated signal. Bit rate is 0.4 Gbit/s.  
The same statistical signal processing was performed for eight different bit rates from 0.4 Gbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s:  
* Correlation analysis of the signals measured by digital oscilloscope including time synchronization, correlation matrix estimation, evaluation of the eigenvalue decomposition;
* Weighting matrix calculation using the inverse correlation matrix and the following SW filtering of victim signal with crosstalk using serial to parallel transformation;
* Eye-opening width estimation in the middle of the single bit response for the BER level \(10^{-4}\).  
Figure 16 shows the obtained results of estimated eye-opening width for bit rates from 0.4 Gbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s.  
It can be seen in Figure 16 the degradation of the effectiveness of the performed signal estimation for increasing bit rates. The physical reason of such degradation is the decreasing in the signal to interference ratio. The mathematical interpretation is increasing the projection of the error produced by the evaluated cyclic Wiener filter to the observed measurement.
## 3 Elicitors and Their Classifications
### Chitosan (CHT)
Chitosan induces several beneficial responses in plants due to its cationic nature. The antimicrobial, antifungal, among other properties of chitosan, prevent pathogens from accessing mineral nutrients by disrupting potassium signaling in pathogens and preventing the pathogens from releasing mycotoxins [128; 129; 130]. Chitosan, through several investigations, has proven efficient in controlling grape pathogens, especially gray mold and powdery mildew, distressing grapevine diseases caused by _Botrytis cinerea_ and _Erysiphe necator_, respectively [105; 106; 107; 131]. Moreover, chitosan's influence on phenolic compounds [132; 133], amino acids [119], volatile compounds [35; 126], and other metabolites [12; 134] has also been studied. According to some of these studies, chitosan treatment positively and negatively affected some quality parameters. For example, in the study reported by [PERSON] et al. [119], they observed a significant decrease in the concentration of amino acids in chitosan-treated grapes compared to the control grapes. Irrespective of the grape cultivar and other factors, the effectiveness of chitosan treatment depends on the variations in the chitosan extraction and modification processes, such as the length of the polymer, the degree of acetylation, etc. [127; 135]. Differences in these factors have resulted in different chitosan treatment responses in grapes, as cited in the literature [12; 126; 134].