## 1 Introduction
examined the shear behavior of concrete beams retrofitted with anchored C-FRP wraps at elevated temperatures [22]. Further, [PERSON] et al. introduced a new strengthening technique for RC deep beams using C-FRP ropes as transverse reinforcements [23]. Additionally, alternative jacketing materials consist of various forms of high-performance [24; 25; 26; 27; 28] or Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) [29; 30]. Innovative jacketing techniques have also gained attention, utilizing textile-reinforced mortars (TRMs), where [PERSON] and [PERSON] strengthened RC members using TRM jackets [31]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. examined the residual flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with TRC [32]. Further, [PERSON] and [PERSON] used TRM jackets under gravity and cyclic loadings for the local strengthening of RC frames [33]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. experimentally investigated the implementation of TRM in shear-strengthening pre-damaged RC beams [34]. In addition, steel fibrous is also among the proposed materials. Hence, [PERSON] et al. employed fiber RC to strengthen and repair RC beams [35]. Further, [PERSON] and [PERSON] used fiber-reinforced mortar to repair RC columns [36]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. used steel fiber polymers for seismic retrofitting of RC T-Beams subjected to cyclic loading conditions [37]. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. used eco-friendly steel-fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete as a flexural repair technique of pre-damaged T-Beams [38]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. investigated the effect of the fiber type and axial stiffness of the fiber-/fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix on the flexural strengthening of RC beams [39]. Despite the wealth of research on retrofitting methods, the focus has predominantly been on slightly damaged RC members, with fewer studies addressing the rehabilitation of severely damaged, shear-critical beams [2; 34; 40]. Additionally, in seismic-prone regions, structures must possess a high ductility and deformation capacity, leading to the search for bonding solutions more compatible with masonry and concrete substrates [41]. For this purpose, applying U-shaped mortar jackets has proven beneficial, as they enhance tensile and shear strength, improve deformability, and increase ductility, resulting in greater load-bearing capacity and improved performance in the post-failure deformation stage, enhancing the overall performance and resilience of the structures [42]. The jacketing of beams is recommended for several purposes as it gives continuity to the beam-column sub-assemblages and increases the strength and stiffness of the structure. While jacketing a beam, its flexural resistance must be carefully computed to avoid creating a strong beam-weak column system [43]. In retrofitted structures, due to the jacketing of a column, there is a strong possibility of changing the failure mode and the redistribution of forces, which may consequently cause beam hinging. Further, the location of the beam-critical section and the existing reinforcement's participation should be considered. The jacketing of beams may be carried out in different ways; the most common are one-sided jackets or three- and four-sided jackets. On several occasions, the slab has been perforated to allow the ties to go through and enable concrete casting [44]. The use of thin RC layers for jacketing represents a modern advancement in repairing and retrofitting RC members [45; 46]. This technique has been made viable thanks to the development of high-strength SCC, mortars, and grouts. Thin RC jackets combine the advantages of conventional RC jackets, such as enhanced stiffness and the protection of steel reinforcement [47], with those offered by FRP jackets, including a negligible effect on the member's dimensions [48]. Although FRP jackets are thinner, the dimensional differences between thin RC and FRP jackets are relatively minor compared to conventional thick RC jackets, which significantly increase the member size and alter dynamic characteristics [49; 50].