# Numerical Investigation of Methodologies for Cavitation Suppression Inside Globe Valves
## 1 Introduction  
For the valves applied in the industrial pipelines, there is often a reduction of the flow channel around the valve seat or the valve plug, where the liquid pressure may fall below the saturated vapor pressure and the cavitation phenomenon may occur. Hence cavitation is one of the reasons that can lead to valve failure if a valve is not designed appropriately [1]. Valves play important roles in many working scenarios, and common applications include flow, pressure, and temperature control; common valves including ball valves [2], control valves [3], and globe valves [4], etc. are summarized and shown in Table 1. Works about valves mainly focus on the flow characteristics and structure optimization. [PERSON] et al. [5] investigated the acoustic power with different thermal conditions in a temperature and pressure regulation valve. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [6] investigated the effects of the residual stress on the fatigue crack. [PERSON] et al. [7] designed a new spool structure and various pressure and valve openings were investigated to find out their effects on the stability of the flow field. [PERSON] et al. [8] studied the two-phase flow characteristics of a gate valve and the effects of size and numbers of the particles on erosion were analyzed. [PERSON] et al. [9] and [PERSON] et al. [10; 11; 12] applied the Tesla valves in the hydrogen decompression process and the flow characteristics and the aerodynamic noise of a single and a multi-stage Tesla valve was investigated. [PERSON] et al. [13] focused on the contaminated friction of a spool valve. [PERSON] et al. [3] investigated the flow characteristics of a feed-water valve with different structures of the throttling window. [PERSON] et al. [14] focused on the erosion in a servo valve. [PERSON] et al. [15] and [PERSON] et al. [16] investigated the hemodynamics inbiomedical heart valves and the results could be helpful for the clinical diagnosis. [PERSON] et al. [17] studied the effects of the damping sleeve on the flow force of an on-off valve. [PERSON] et al. [18] proposed a two-level fuzzy control algorithm based on the calculated flow rate feedback from the spool displacement to realize high precision flow control. Cavitation that appears in the valve can lead to self-excited noise, cavitation erosion, and system jam, etc. [19; 20], and it may even cause severe damage to the valve spool as shown in Figure 1[21]. To date, more and more works focusing on the cavitation problem in various kinds of valves can be found, and an experimentally verified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is becoming a popular tool [22; 23]. [PERSON] et al. [24] studied the velocity of a needle valve motion on cavitation using the dynamic grid overlapping techniques and a visual experimental platform. [PERSON] et al. [25] focused on the cavitation in bileaflet mechanical heart valves and their results showed that it was induced by the high closing velocity and water hammer effect. [PERSON] et al. [26; 27] investigated the cavitation in a globe valve and a sleeve regulating valve, and the effects of the valve core shape and the inlet velocity were obtained. [PERSON] et al. [28] studied the effects of inlet pressure on cavitation location and area in a regulating valve, and [PERSON] et al. [29] focused the effects of valve opening and pressure drop of a sleeve regulating valve. [PERSON] et al. [30] investigated the cavitation erosion in a butterfly valve with various inlet pressure and valve opening angles. [PERSON] et al. [31] numerically analyzed the cavitating flow in microchannels and the effects of the diameter ratio and pressure drop were discussed. [PERSON] [32] studied the flow characteristics of a cone throttle valve under cavitation, and the cavitation luminescence was used to help relative experiments. [PERSON] et al. [33] compared the compressible and incompressible method, and their results showed that the compressible method could provide more precise results.