## 1 Introduction  
Transmission lines inevitably pass through regions with complex topographies and harsh natural climates, and transmission lines are susceptible to extreme weather effects such as strong winds and icing [1, 2]. Because of sunshine, temperature, airflow, load current and other factors, icing can be shed from overhead lines in large chunks, resulting in large oscillations in conductors, known as ice shedding. Ice shedding on overhead conductors is a low-frequency, large-amplitude vibration phenomenon that can cause transmission line destruction, conductor strand breakage, conductor interphase flashovers, damage to metal fixtures, pendant insulator clamp slippage, spacer bar fractures, transmission tower crossbar distortions, and loosening of tower bolts [3, 4]. In serious cases, it can cause conductor fracture and tower collapse, resulting in wide-scale power supply interruptions, jeopardizing the stability and continuous operation of a power grid [5, 6]. There are many factors affecting the ice shedding and jumping height of overhead lines, and the influencing factors are related to each other [7]. Therefore, it is important to carry out in-depth studies on the ice shedding of overhead conductors and explore the influencing mechanism to guide the rational design of transmission line structures and improve anti-icing capabilities. Under natural conditions, the operational conditions of transmission lines are highly complex. There are numerous factors influencing ice shedding bounce, including ice thickness, ice shedding amount, deleting method, span spacing, height differences, tension, insulators, spacer rods, and more. In order to explore the mechanisms of the bouncing process induced by ice shedding on overhead conductors, researchers around the world have carried out many numerical simulations and experimental studies. [PERSON] used ADINA software ([[https://www.bentley.com/software/adina/](https://www.bentley.com/software/adina/)]([https://www.bentley.com/software/adina/](https://www.bentley.com/software/adina/)), 12 May 2024) to build a nonlinear finite element planar model to simulate the static and transient mechanical responses of a physical test model [8]. [PERSON] used ADINA to build a two-stage conductor planar model, investigated the static and dynamic responses of the model under different combinations of ice cover thickness, stall spacing, suspension heights, stall frequency, unequal spans, and ice shedding conditions, and discussed the effects of each parameter [9]. [PERSON] et al. simulated the dynamic response of a sub-conductor in a split conductor after ice shedding [10]. [PERSON] studied the dynamic response of a conductor under different combinations of stall spacing and external impact loads, providing a basis for studying the damage criteria of icing [11]. [PERSON] proposed a nonlinear mathematical model to simulate the dynamic response of a conductor, and numerical models were established using the finite element method [12]. The numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental values, and it was found that the deformation of the conductor depended on the excitation frequency, the quality of the conductor, and the excitation conditions. [PERSON] et al. used ANSYS software ([[https://www.bentley.com/software/adina/](https://www.bentley.com/software/adina/)]([https://www.bentley.com/software/adina/](https://www.bentley.com/software/adina/)), 12 May 2024) to build finite element models of a single conductor and a three-split conductor, simulated ice shedding at different locations, and investigated the similarities and differences between a single conductor and a three-split conductor in their dynamic responses to ice shedding with respect to the height of ice shedding jumps and the tension change [13]. [PERSON] et al.