## 1 Introduction  
Myopia is the refractive defect in which light rays that enter the eye parallel to the optic axis focus in front of the retina in the unaccommodated eye [1]. This refractive defect induces a blur that can be optically compensated using glasses, contact lenses or through refractive surgery [2]. In general, this refractive error is characterized by excessive elongation of the eyeball, which cannot be treated using traditional techniques and can be associated with serious ocular complications such as premature cataracts, glaucoma, myopic macular degeneration and retinal detachment [3]. Currently, myopia represents the most prevalent anteropia globally, being considered a public health problem. The short-term forecast is that this prevalence will increase, and it is estimated that 50% of the world population will be myopic in 2050 [4]. This increase could be due to the existence of certain factors such as geographical, genetic or environmental factors that contribute to both the onset and progression of myopia. For this reason, in recent years, a multitude of therapeutic strategies have been investigated to control the progression of myopia and consequently to improve the visual health of the pediatric population. In this sense, various treatments have been developed, including pharmacological options, such as the instillation of specific drugs, and optical aids, such as specially designed ophthalmic lenses and contact lenses (CLs) [5, 6, 7, 8]. The optical aids for myopia control are focused on the control of the off-axis or peripheral hyperopic defocus that has shown to be instrumental in the axial elongation of the ocular globe [9, 10, 11]. Different experiments with animal models have demonstrated that the optical defocus predictably alters eye growth, with specifically hyperopic defocus resulting in increased growth [9; 10; 11]. Likewise, the hyperopic defocus which is associated with the presence of a LAG of accommodation during near work [12], including the viewing of handheld electronic devices [13], is also a critical factor in myopia progression. Some authors have even stated that the hyperopic blur can be a risk factor for myopia progression only when the eye has a negative spherical aberration because that is the combination leading to relatively low contrast in the defocused retinal image [12]. In recent years, a great variety of innovative contact lenses and ophthalmic lenses have been developed to reduce off-axis hyperopic defocus and to induce myopic defocus, showing an effective control of the axial elongation of the eye [6; 7; 8]. Concerning hydrophilic CLs for myopia control, multifocal designs were initially used that are aimed at inducing a myopic blur on the peripheral retina. Specifically, aspherical center-distance designs and those based on concentric rings showed their effectivity in slowing the growth of axial length (AXL) [14; 15]. However, these studies did not evaluate the visual function with CLs. Later, specific multifocal CLs were designed for myopia control using aspheric designs [16; 17], patterns of concentric rings [18; 19; 20] or complex designs based on the combination of an aspherical anterior surface with a double inverse geometry design on the back [21]. Aspheric designs reported a mild decrease in contrast sensitivity, a 0.28 \(\pm\) 0.40 D reduction in accommodative response and a significant increase in third and fourth aberrations (\(p\) < 0.05) [15]. The CL based on concentric rings involved a controlled increase in aberrations and a reduction in contrast sensitivity while maintaining a suitable visual acuity [18; 19; 20]. The use of MFCLs with high additions designed for myopia progression control was found to reduce peripheral contrast sensitivity but without impairment of central contrast sensitivity [22]. Recently, a new CL concept for myopia control has been developed based on the principle of extended depth of focus (EDOF).