## 2 The Market of Biocomponents and Liquid Biofuels  
### Basic Legal Regulations  
The basic legal act regulating the market of biocomponents and liquid biofuels in Poland is the systematically amended Act of 25 August 2006 on biocomponents and liquid biofuels (Journal of Laws of 2006 no 169 item 1199 as amended) [12]. It is a result of the obligation to implement provisions of the EU directives on the use of renewable energy in transport. The first version of the act, published in 2006, implemented provisions of Directive 2003/30/EC on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport (OJ L 123 of 17.5.2003) [13]. Subsequent versions of the document gradually implemented provisions of Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of the energy  
Figure 1: Scientific publications about biofuels and electromobility in the past decade.  
from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directive 2003/30/EC (OJ L 123 of 17.5.2003) [14] and its amending Directive 2015/1513/EC (OJ L 2015.293.1) [15].  
On the basis of the EU legislation, the member states are obligated to ensure at least a 10 percent share of renewable energy in the final consumption of energy in transport until the year 2020. In order to fulfil this obligation from produced biofuel, and to be eligible for assistance from public support systems, it must meet the Sustainable Criteria (SC). These were introduced to limit the potential negative effects associated with intensified production of biofuels, stimulated by the obligation to use them. The SC determine the minimum level of reduction of greenhouse gas emission, which must be achieved thanks to the use of biofuels (in relation to the emission from fossil fuels) and indicate that the raw materials used for their production must not come from areas characterized by high biodiversity [16].  
The sectoral objective for year 2020 was established by Directive 2009/28/EC, and then Directive 2015/1513/EC provided details on the means of its achievement. It was noticed that increasing demand for biofuels, resulting from efforts made to achieve the established objective, may lead to transformation of cropland used to grow food and fodder into land used for growth of raw materials to be used for biofuel production. As a result, the demand reported by the market of raw food materials must be satisfied through the intensification of current production or the transformation of land not used to grow crops into arable land. The second variant, known as an intermediate change of land use, if associated with the transformation of coal-rich areas, may result in a substantial emission of greenhouse gases, which will cancel out the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction attributed to biofuels. As a result of identifying this phenomenon, the classification of biofuels was introduced, and it was decided that the share of energy from conventional biofuels (produced from cereals and other edible plants) may constitute no more than 7% of the final consumption of energy in transport in 2020. The remaining 3% can be attained by the member states thanks to electrical mobility or by using advanced biofuels, which are made of raw non-food materials, listed in appendix IX to Directive 2015/1513/EC (including algae, straw, manure and sewage sludge) [17].