## 3 Phytocannibinoids: Polyfunctional Molecules Promising to Develop Novel Antibiotics
### Antimicrobial Cannabinoids
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compounds** & **Pathogens** & **MIC * (\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL)** & **Ref.** & **Comments** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{CBG} & MRSA USA300 & 2 & [33] & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _S. aureus_ & 1 & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & EMRSA & 1–2 & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _S. aureus_ SA-1199B & 1 & [83] & Non-psychotropic \\ \cline{2-5}  & _S. aureus_ KN-4220 & 1 & & \(\uparrow\) Membrane permeability \\ \cline{2-5}  & _S. aureus_ XU212 & 1 & & Cause membrane hyperpolarization \\ \cline{2-5}  & _C. albicans_ & 3 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\); (4) \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & & \(\downarrow\) Membrane fluidity \\ \cline{2-5}  & _S. cerevisiae_ & 6 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\); (2) \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & [89] & Non-psychotropic \\ \cline{2-5}  & _T. mentragrophytes_ & 5 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\); (4) \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & & \(\downarrow\) Therapeutic potential \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Abn-CBG} & _S. aureus_ & 1 & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & EMRSA & 2 & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _S. aureus_ SA-1199B & 2 & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _S. aureus_ KN-4220 & 1 & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _S. aureus_ XU212 & 0.5 & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{CBDV} & MRSA USA300 & 8 & [33] & Non-psychotropic \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \(\downarrow\) Activity on Gram-negative \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{CBDVA} & MRSA USA300 & 32 & [33] & Non-psychotropic \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \(\uparrow\) Therapeutic potential \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \(\uparrow\) Effects without the carboxylate moiety \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \(\downarrow\) Activity on Gram-negative \\ \hline CBL & MRSA USA300 & \textgreater{}32 & [33] & Non-psychotropic \\ \hline \((\pm)\) 11-NCTHC & MRSA USA300 & \textgreater{}32 & [33] & Psychotropic \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{ANA} & & \textgreater{}256 ** & & Psychotropic \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & \(\downarrow\) Membrane potential in bacteria \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & MRSA & & [90] & \(\downarrow\) Bacteria adhesion capacity \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & 64 *** & & \(\downarrow\) Cells aggregation capacity \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & Not bactericidal \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._derivatives [87] and for CBG [89], but no recent reports is present in the literature, thus demonstrating the poor interest of scientists, probably due to the scarce effects. On the contrary, in the year 1981, [PERSON] found good antimicrobial activity for CBC against _Bacillus subtilis_ (MIC = 0.4 \(\upmu\)g/mL) and _S. aureus_ (1.6 \(\upmu\)g/mL), and for ICBC against _B. subtilis_ (MIC = 0.8 \(\upmu\)g/mL) [87]. A9- THC, CBD, CBG, CBC, and CBN were assayed for their antimicrobial properties by [PERSON] et al. on the MDR _S. aureus_ SA-1199B strain, which showed a high level of resistance to certain fluoroquinolones, on EMRSA isolates, which are the major epidemic methicillin-resistant _S. aureus_ strains occurring in U.K. hospitals, on a macrolide-resistant strain (RN4220), on a tetracycline-resistant line (XU212), and on a standard laboratory _S. aureus_ strain (ATCC25923) [83]. All compounds showed potent antibacterial activity, with MIC values in the 0.5-2 \(\upmu\)g/mL range. Interestingly, also the acidic precursors of CBD, CBG, and THC (compounds CBDA, CBGA and THCA) maintained the activity substantially [83]. Since given their non-psychotropic profiles, CBD and CBG can be considered especially promising, [PERSON] et al. performed structure-activity studies. Among the various synthetic derivatives, only the synthetic abnormal cannabinoids Abn-CBD and abn-CBG,  
Figure 11: SCs reported in Table 4 whose chemical structure was not reported previously. Abn-CBD and Abn-CBG are defined as _proto_-isomers of _para_-derivatives CBD and CBG, being the _proto_- and _para_-positions those reciprocals to the pentyl chain.