## 3 Results  
### Organic Acids Impact on V. destructor Grip Skill on Wood  
Control--Mites from the control group were treated with demineralized water. As _V. destructor_ is naturally able to grip and rotate 360\({}^{\circ}\), no fallen mites from the Rotavar were expected. However, one-and-a-half-hours post-treatment, 1.11% [CI95: 4.84-12.73] of control mites fell (represented by the black dashed line and CI95 represented by the grey area around the dashed line (Figure 2)). Twenty-four hours post-treatment, 1.19% [CI95: 6.72-21.91] of control mites fell. For grip duration, the control group is represented by \"0\" on the boxplot. The median time for each control group is 180 s (the maximum of the experiment), as most of the control mites did not fall (Figure 3). Citric acid--Varroa destructor females exposed to 580 mg/mL of citric acid fell significantly more than mites from the control group one hour and a half post-treatment (Figure 2, Binomial GLM \(p\)-value = 0.0023; see Tables 2 and A1 for Fisher test). Twenty-four hours post-treatment, they significantly fell more from the Rotavar regardless of the concentration (Figure 2, Binomial GLM \(p\)-value for all <0.05, see Tables 2 and A1). However, there is an overlap in the 95% confidence intervals between the control group and the citric acid-treated groups. For grip duration, one hour and a half post-treatment, the median duration \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(A) Percentages of Fallen Mites**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(B) Median Grip Duration**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **1 h 30** & **24 h** & **1 h 30** & **24 h** \\
**Acids** & **Conditions** & **Post-Treatment** & **Post-Treatment** & **Post-Treatment** & **Post-Treatment** \\  & & \(p\)**-Value Adjusted** & **\(p\)-Value** & **\(p\)-Value** & **Post-Treatment** \\  & & **\(p\)**-Value Adjusted** & **Adjusted** & **Adjusted** & **\(p\)-Value Adjusted** \\ \hline Citric & Ctrl vs. 25 mg/mL & 0.1468 & 0.0023 & 0.5266 & 0.124 \\ Citric & Ctrl vs. 150 mg/mL & 0.2914 & 0.0045 & 1 & 0.482 \\ Citric & Ctrl vs. 580 mg/mL & **0.0033** & 0.0038 & 0.1468 & 0.1036 \\ Formic & Ctrl vs. 1 mg/mL & 0.4915 & 0.0021 & 1 & 0.0661 \\ Formic & Ctrl vs. 5 mg/mL & 0.1474 & **<0.0001** & 0.2 & **<0.0001** \\ Formic & Ctrl vs. 25 mg/mL & **0.0047** & **<0.0001** & 0.1011 & **<0.0001** \\ Lactic & Ctrl vs. 25 mg/mL & **0.0002** & **<0.0001** & **0.0358** & **0.0081** \\ Lactic & Ctrl vs. 150 mg/mL & **<0.0001** & **<0.0001** & **<0.0001** & **<0.0001** \\ Lactic & Ctrl vs. 600 mg/mL & **<0.0001** & **<0.0001** & **<0.0001** & **<0.0001** \\ Tartaric & Ctrl vs. 25 mg/mL & 0.4745 & 0.4168 & 1 & 1 \\ Tartaric & Ctrl vs. 150 mg/mL & **0.0457** & **<0.0001** & 0.1071 & **<0.0001** \\ Tartaric & Ctrl vs. 600 mg/mL & 0.3746 & **<0.0001** & 0.696 & **0.0001** \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Outcome of statistical analyses for percentages of fallen mites and median grip duration for Rotavar grip skill experiment—(A) Statistical analyses with adjusted \(p\)-value using [PERSON]’s exact test with Bonferroni correction. (B) Statistical analyses with adjusted \(p\)-value using [PERSON] test with Bonferroni correction (vs. = versus; Ctrl = Control). Figure 2: Effects of citric, formic, lactic, and tartaric acid concentrations on _V. destructor_ females’ grip skill via the Rotavar test one hour and a half as well as twenty-four-hours post-treatment. Dashed line represents the control group. The grey area around dashed line represents the confidence interval of 95%. Color bars represent confidence interval of 95%; *** stands for \(p\) < 0.001, *** for \(p\) < 0.01, and * for \(p\) < 0.05 compared to the control (see Table 2 for detailed statistics). was not significantly different from the control group. Twenty-four-hours post-treatment, no difference was found between the grip duration of mites treated with citric acid and control mites (Figure 3).