## 4 Conclusions  
Impedances on electrode-electrolyte interface of \(FPLC_{ACequ}\), established by average switch modeling, have a one-to-one relationship with impedances on the electrode-electrolyte interface of \(FPLC_{DCequ}\). Therefore, a unique physical bridge from AC Nyquist, fitting by \(FPLC_{ACequ}\), to the directional DC charge-transfer resistance of \(FPLC_{DCequ}\) is proposed. Steady-state AC fundamental responses of \(FPLC_{ACequ}\) are verified by theoretically derived time domain simulation and experiments in this paper. This novel method provides an opportunity to review previous conclusions between \(BHL_{ACequ}\) and SoC/SoH with directional DC charge-transfer resistances, and this is going to be researched further by authors. Conceptualization, W.W., W.Y., W.C., Z.M. and Z.L. ; data curation, W.W., W.Y., W.C. and D.C.; formal analysis, W.W., W.Y., W.C., D.C. and Z.L. ; funding acquisition, W.Y. and Z.L. ; investigation, W.W., W.Y., Z.M. and Z.L. ; methodology, W.W., W.Y., W.C., Z.M. and Z.L. ; project administration, W.Y., W.C., D.C. and Z.L. ; resources, W.Y., W.C., D.C., Z.M. and Z.L. ; software, W.W. and W.Y. ; supervision, W.Y. and Z.L. ; validation, W.W., W.C. and D.C.; visualization, W.W., W.C. and D.C.; writing--original draft, W.W., W.Y. and Z.L. ; writing--review and editing, W.W., W.Y. and Z.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The research presented within this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants (51677168), and the National Major Science and Technology Projects of China under grants (2017 ZX06002009). Thanks to [PERSON] and [PERSON], from Zhejiang Narada Power Source Co., Ltd., [PERSON] and [PERSON], from Polytechnic Institute of Zhejiang University, for helpful discussions and experimental configuration. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Elements in First** & & & & & & & \\
**Principle Circuit** & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \(R_{CFP}\) & 613.2 \(\mu\Omega\) & 6.7 \(\mu\Omega\) & 1.1 & \(R_{CBH}\) & 668.5 \(\mu\Omega\) & 13.5 \(\mu\Omega\) & 2.0 \\ \(L_{SFP}\) & 184.9 nH & 3.7 nH & 2.0 & \(L_{SBH}\) & 179.3 nH & 9.5 nH & 5.3 \\ \(T_{CPE}\) & \(2.9\times 10^{6}\) & \(4.4\times 10^{5}\) & 15.3 & \(T_{CPE}\) & \(2.9\times 10^{6}\) & \(7.9\times 10^{5}\) & 27.3 \\ P & 2.95 & \(4.8\times 10^{-2}\) & 1.6 & P & 3.1 & \(6.6\times 10^{-2}\) & 2.1 \\ \(R_{ct,ud}\) & 283.2 \(\mu\Omega\) & 54.6 \(\mu\Omega\) & 19.3 & \(R_{ct,n}\) & 957.0 \(\mu\Omega\) & 44.8 \(\mu\Omega\) & 4.7 \\ \(R_{ct,uc}\) & 748.9 \(\mu\Omega\) & 65.4 \(\mu\Omega\) & 8.7 & \(R_{ct,p}\) & \(8.5\times 10^{19}\) & \(1\times 10^{20}\) \(\Omega\) & 117.6 \\ \(R_{ct,pd}\) & 1702.2 \(\mu\Omega\) & 83.0 \(\mu\Omega\) & 4.9 & \(C_{dl,n}\) & 258.3 F & 21.8 F & 8.4 \\ \(R_{ct,pc}\) & \(2.0\times 10^{20}\) & \(2.0\times 10^{20}\) & 100 & \(C_{dl,p}\) & 5874.0 F & 585.2 F & 10.0 \\ \(C_{dl,nd}\) & 44.5 F & 7.3 F & 16.4 & & & & \\ \(C_{dl,nc}\) & 148.3 F & 27.5 F & 18.6 & & & & \\ \(C_{dl,pd}\) & 794.0 F & 86.5 F & 10.9 & & & & \\ \(C_{dl,pc}\) & 3884.0 F & 235.3 F & 6.1 & & & & \\ Chi-squared & 0.006 & & & & Chi-squared & 0.047 & \\ Weighted sum of & & & & Weighted sum of & 4.42 & \\ squares & 0.57 & & & squares & & 4.42 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Values of elements in Figure 18.