# Saint John Baptistery in Florence (Italy): Studies for Conservation of the External Marble Cladding
## 5 Conclusions
#### 4.2.4 Pentelicum Marble  
Also known as: Parthenon Marble  
Provenience: from Mount Pentelicum close to the north of Athens (Greece), supposedly spoiled by Fiesole in the XII century. Lithology: pale white to pale ivory marble with green-yellowish rows, medium grain size. Uses: since the Greeks to the Romans, large reuse in Medieval and Renaissance times, sporadic use in the XX century; today, all the quarries are closed. Used for the white of the facades. * Provenience: from Lasa in Venosta Valley, Northern Italy. * Lithology: white marble with yellowish to greyish rows, medium grain size. * Uses: used by the Romans, now largely used since the XIX century. Used in the conservation works of the years 1939-1943 for substituting deteriorated Hymettus tiles. * Provenience: from the Punta Bianca cape, north of Carrara (Italy), supposedly spoiled by the Roman city of Luni (close to Carrara) in the XIX century. * Lithology: matte white marble with grey and bluish twigs, medium to coarse grain size. * Uses: by Romans for the town of Luni (II century B.C.) and until I century, large reuse as spolia from Luni in the XV and XIX centuries; the quarries have been dismissed since the Roman times. Mainly used for the cladding of the eight corner pillars. * Also known as: Tasio marble. * Provenience: southeast coast of Thasos Island (Greece), supposedly spoiled by Roman monuments. * Lithology: white marble, fine grain sized. * Uses: from the Greeks to the Romans, scarcely used in medieval time; today, all the quarries are active. Used for the lion head at the top north corner of the Scarsella. _Verde Malenco_
* Provenience: from Malenco Valley, northern Italy. * Lithology: dark green to blackish serpentino-schists, very finely grained, with Olivine aggregates. * Uses: in the early XX century and in the years 1991-1993 for substituting a few ashlars of Verde Prato; no longer available on the market. _Porfido Rosso Antico_
* Also known as: Lapis porphyrites, Pietra di porpora, Leucostictos, tebaico, Pietra Romana. * Provenience: from Mons Porphyrins, Eastern Desert, Egypt. From spolia of Roman monuments
* Lithology: red andesitic meta-porphyry with white stains of about 5 mm. * Uses: by the Romans in the II to IV century, since then, all the quarries have been closed and large use of spolia has been carried out. _Porfido Verde Antico_
* Also known as: Serpentino, Porfido Verde di Grecia, Verde Sparta, Taygetus Marble, Piganusio Marble, Lapis Lacedaemonius, Lacedemonium viride, Smeraldo di Laconia, Pietra di Laconia. * Provenience: from Psephi Hills, close to Levetsova, between Krokees and Stefania, south of Sparta (Greece), spolia of Roman monuments. * Lithology: dark green andesitic metaporphyry with mm to cm phenocrystals of Albite/Oligoclase, Chlorite, Epidote in star sheaves of about 5 mm. * Uses: first by the Minoan-Mycenae, then by Romans and Byzantines since I century, through the Medieval age and up to WWII when all the quarries were destroyed. **Table A1. **_Cont._  
_Cipollino Rubrio from Eubea_  
* Also known as: Cipollino Rosso Antico, Marmor Caristium. * Provenience: from Karystos in the Euboea Island (Greece), spolia of Roman monuments. * Lithology: ivory marble medium grained (0.2-0.6 mm) with greenish-bluish rows and cm to dm reddish clasts of karst origin. * Uses: used by Greeks, in I century by Romans and largely by Byzantines up to the Medieval age, then largely reused by spolia; the quarries were reopened in the XX century. _Breccia Greca Antica_  
* Also known as: Verde Antico, Marmor Thessalicum, Lapis Atracius, Marmor Atracium, Marmo di Tessaglia, Verde Tessaglia. * Provenience: from Casambali close to Larissa on the slopes of Mount Moposion, Thessaly (Greece), spolia of Roman monuments. * Lithology: ophicalcite breccias with green matrix and dark green, black and white clasts, subordinately okra, pink, red and brown, ranging in size from cm to dm. * Uses: first used under the Emperor [PERSON], then by Byzantines until IX century, large reuse up to the XVII century; today, the quarries are active.