# Converging Telco-Grade Solutions 5G and beyond to Support Production in Industry 4.0
## 6 Speech Technology in Industry 4.0
### Speech in Robotic Applications  
Robots have been used in a variety of industries, including welding, painting, packaging, testing, and assembly. Robots are extremely precise, fast, and repeatable. When using these robots in the manufacturing workflow, industrial workers face a number of challenges, including safety and ease of control [221]. Natural voice control of industrial robots is extremely rare due to the extremely high reliability requirements, which is especially difficult in noisy industrial environments. Voice control, on the other hand, would be very useful for workers because it allows them to focus more on the operation. Few attempts have been made to solve the problem in this field, as most are still in the research phase.  
Future cooperative robots will be more adaptable and multifunctional. Traditional teaching methods necessitate the use of professional staff and a lengthy training and testing period. Timely training of a collaborative robot is critical because its functionality is more diverse and may change in a short period of time. An online teaching method is proposed in [222]. A depth camera (Kinect) and an inertial measurement unit capture human speech and gestures, respectively. To convert speech and gesture to text, the audio-visual fusion method is used. To map intentions extracted from text to robot instructions, a maximum  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Problems** & **Techniques** & **Contribution** & **Limitations** & **Ref.** \\ \hline Emotion detection model is focusing on pain detection for the elderly & Record and stream image and speech signals of the individual & Up to 99.87\% accuracy to detect emotion & To keep the individual’s privacy, security should be considered & [214] \\ \hline Share medical resources between the big hospital and rural areas & 5G Cognitive System & The system has an excellent reliability and a good latency & The system has difficulties with security and intelligence & [218] \\ \hline Audio visual speech enhancement in noisy environments & low latency 5G Cloud-Radio Access networks, powerful encoding algorithms, IoT, LSTM lip reading model & Novel cloud-based approach for noise reduction & There was not a proposed solution for the big data & [219] \\ \hline Voice-enabled health services & Amazon’s Alexa and Google Assistant & Apply Home healthcare & Further work is needed to add more services & [219] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Summary of speech technology in healthcare application.  
entropy algorithm is used. The proposed interface has been validated in robot teaching scenarios where operators can govern the robot without requiring any special skills or effort.  
The study in [223] looks into voice-controlled industrial medical robots. The components of an HIWIN robotic endoscope holder are shown in Figure 15. The speech recognition system processes the voice signal, and the recognized instructions are transmitted to the robotic endoscope holder via an RS232 connection. The robotic arm's movement is tracked, and it can be calibrated to respond to voice commands. The proposed voice control system has an angular movement accuracy of up to 3.1\({}^{\circ}\) for the endoscope.  
Ref. [224] investigates controlling robotized cells via a web-based speech-enabled interface. The speech engine is used in conjunction with context-free grammars (CFG). Although semi-natural voice inputs can be used with high recognition accuracy, the user must be familiar with the possible command words or phrases. The language generation is tailored to the scenario of industrial robot control. When compared to local implementation, remote control had no practical delay; traditional keyboard-based control was slightly slower than speech-enabled control, but word error rates must be considered. Table 9 outlines the speech technology in robotic applications regarding the techniques and contributions.