## 2 Literature Review  
### Broadband Mobile Applications  
Since the inception of the \"IMT advanced\" guideline released by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the fourth generation of the mobile communication technology (4G) network, the most popular mobile broadband network today, has replaced the 3G network and has gradually been widely deployed around the world. The 4G network coverage has increased to 84% globally by the end of 2020. The mobile broadband technology specified by the guideline is that the data transmission rate reaches 100 Mbps peak speed in the high-speed mobility state and 1 Gbps in the low-speed mobility state [10].  
Figure 1: Research methods and process.  
Furthermore, fifth generation mobile networks (5G) with faster data transmission speeds were launched in early 2019. Although the penetration rate is not increasing rapidly, the total sales of 5G-capable mobile phones have exceeded 50% and surpassed 4G smartphones sales for the first time in January 2022 [11]. With advanced data transmission technology, broadband networking technology significantly stimulates and drives the innovation development of mobile applications. In comparison to 4G, 5G networks provide more flexible and scalable capabilities through three important technical features, namely, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC), to connect everyone and everything for higher value creation [12].  
IHS Markit's research revealed that, by 2035, the potential economic value of all products and services across multiple industries enabled by 5G worldwide will be as high as $13.1 trillion [13]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] analyzed from a value chain perspective and found that mobile applications play critical roles in mobile commerce, such as by improving customer satisfaction by providing better services and richer content [14]. Furthermore, there are five types of enterprise mobile applications identified, which are M-Broadcast, M-Information, M-Transaction, M-Operation, and M-Collaboration [15]. Today, through mobile applications and smart technologies, enterprises can more easily collect and use customer data to analyze customer preferences and provide timely, customized marketing services and products [16].  
In reference to the aforementioned literature and perspectives, this study suggests that through a broadband mobile network, mobile applications create customer value both directly and indirectly on the mobile device and software which communicates with the stakeholders. Companies benefit by developing their own mobile applications and services, or by using mobile applications or services developed by third parties to upgrade their existing and potential customer values. Additionally, broadband mobile applications possess the diversified features of innovative information communication technologies that have been widely discussed in prior research of various topics, such as information systems, e-commerce, social network services, cloud computing, mobile payments, and business intelligence. These prior studies have empirically found influential determinants in SMEs' adoption of innovative technologies and establish an infrastructure that contributes to the other impactful determinants explored in this study.