## 1 Introduction  
The abdominal aorta is one of the largest arteries in the human body and the major blood vessel emerging from the left ventricle of the heart [1]. In addition, it is the channel for distributing oxygenated blood from the heart to arterial branches that transmit the blood to all organs of the body [2]. Flow development in the aorta is complex due to the pulsatile nature of blood flow and statistical variations such as robust, torsion, tapering, twisting, curving, and branching. Theoretical and experimental analysis was detailed studying steady and unsteady flow patterns in a curved tube, which provides an understanding of flow patterns, expansion of secondary flow, dean vortices, and the WSS at the inner and outer walls of the aorta [3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9]. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate blood flows in the aorta due to its high resolution and straightforward representation of flow parameters. CFD has vast applications for the treatment and diagnosis of CDs such as aneurysms, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and stenosis [10]. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative illness that causes the aorta to dilate and weaken [11]. AAA is also a life-threatening condition characterized by ballooning in the distal section of the abdominal aorta. This expansion continues until the aneurysm ruptures, which is a catastrophic event. Surgical repair is the sole option for this problem, and AAA diameter is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to repair it. The aorta's typical diameter is nearly 2 cm, and when it reaches or exceeds 5 cm, repair is recommended. Extensive investigations have recently been undertaken to evaluate if observing AAAs with a maximal diameter of 5.5 cm is safe [12; 13]. The fundamental problem with this condition is that it is unpredictable or asymptomatic, and the only method to diagnose a patient or track the disease's course is to perform CT scans on them annually or upon request. Untreated abdominal aortic aneurysms are dangerously close to rupturing. A rupture is a biomechanical event that occurs when stress in the dilating and degenerating aneurysm wall surpasses its strength at any point along its length [14]. The AAA frequently employs stress analysis to investigate stress distributions. The AAA is sensitive or prone to rupture if local tension is excessive, or there is stress concentration [15]. Furthermore, an intraluminal thrombus (ILT) is present in 75% of AAAs [16]. A blood clot is a three-dimensional (3D) fibrin structure incorporating blood cells, platelets, blood proteins, and cellular debris that forms between circulating blood and the aorta wall in varying degrees [17]. The role of the ILT in AAA is debatable, and it is unclear whether an ILT enhances or diminishes the chance of AAA rupture. The ILT is a porous substance, namely, a low-density material with pores. However, the majority of earlier studies, particularly those based on three-dimensional geometries, modelled the ILT as a solid nonpermeable substance, which does not reflect reality. ILT was linked to an increased risk of rupture by some researchers [16; 18]. Others feel that the ILT can reduce AAA wall tension and thus protect the AAA from rupture [14; 19; 20; 21]. Despite this, numerous studies imply that ILT has no effect on the risk of rupture [22; 23]. According to [PERSON] et al., an increased AAA thrombus burden was linked to a higher risk of fast growth [18]. Another study by [PERSON] et al. linked the thickness of the endoluminal thrombus to the risk of rupture [24]. Ruptured and nonruptured aneurysms had similar dimensions, but the ruptured aneurysms had a thicker thrombus than the nonruptured ones. One study investigated if different flow patterns in aneurysms could be recognized by magnetic resonance imaging [25]. However, the recirculation zone produced inside the aneurysm cavity caused conditions that encourage thrombus formation and increase the risk of rupture. In contrast with these findings, a study by [PERSON] et al.