## 1 Introduction  
Currently, the problem of increasing the thermal insulation characteristics of building envelopes has received special attention due to several particularly important reasons, among which are problems of global scaling and local problems in Ukraine. Also, there is the energy crisis that arose at the beginning of the 20 th century, which affected not only the states of the post-Soviet period but also the countries of Western Europe, as well as the demands of the international community, including the Kyoto Protocol signed in 2005 in Japan and the Paris Protocol signed in 2015 in France aimed at improving environmental safety by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, etc. [1; 2; 3]. Among the main reasons that gave rise to the problem in Ukraine, one can highlight the increased requirements of regulatory documents on heat transfer resistance. So, if before 1996 this indicator was 1.0-1.2 m\({}^{2}\) K/W, in 2013, it was 2.8-3.3 m\({}^{2}\) K/W, increasing by more than 2.8 times. And in 2023, this indicator is already 3.5-4.0 m\({}^{2}\) K/W [4]. At the same time, users of buildings also want to have comfortable living conditions, namely normal heat and humidity conditions and high fire safety in residential premises. It is known [5] that facade systems with plaster decoration are mostly used during the mass construction of buildings with various structural schemes. This choice of facade insulation technology is based on one of the main reasons for their installation--lower prices compared with ventilated facades. Some works aim to compare the thermal performance of a polylactic acid 3D-printed block with an internal honeycomb structure whose air cavities are filled with natural and recyclable waste-insulating materials [6] and expanded vermiculite [7]. Lightweight mortar with foamed geopolymer reinforced by recycled-glass-fiber-reinforced plastic fiber is used to decrease shrinkage and increase thermal productivity [8]. Vacuum insulation panels with fibrous porous material provide significant adiabatic performance for heat/cooling systems to reduce energy consumption [9]. The objective of some research [10] is to summarize the efficiency of industrial waste as a pozzolan alternative for cement replacement in foamed concrete production. The disadvantage of using these materials is an inability to insulate certain parts of the existing building that lose temperature the most. In the work in [11], insulation materials that use recycled rubber in their composition were studied, along with others for comparison: heat-pressed rubber, rubber cork composites, aerogel rubber composite, silica aerogel, and extruded polystyrene. A strategy for wood chip reuse through the fabrication of bio-based building insulation foam was proposed [12]. The results of the research [13] show that it is possible to produce glass foams with thermal and acoustic insulation properties from a mixture consisting of 96.5% glass waste, 1% textile waste, and 2.5% manganese dioxide, processed at temperatures between 800 and 900 \({}^{\circ}\)C for a time between 30 and 90 min. In the study in [14], a two-factor experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of accelerator dosage and fiber dosage on the strength, frost resistance, wear resistance, and shrinkage of repaired steel-fiber-reinforced concrete for rigid road surfaces. Therefore, protruding parts of buildings must be insulated by known methods. To solve this problem and meet the requirements of regulatory documents, the insulation would be better with the help of dense (140-160 kg/m\({}^{3}\)) mineral wool or, as a last resort, expanded polystyrene with a density of more than 25 kg/m\({}^{3}\)[15]. However, taking into account the fact that thermal insulation in such places is quite time-consuming and expensive, many developers, despite the requirements of regulatory documents, do not arrange it at all. There are plenty of methods to research the thermal productivity of materials.