## 1 Introduction  
Recent years have seen a considerable breakthrough in outdoor air conditioning systems, altering the way we cool our living and working environments while fostering sustainability and the energy economy. This introduction provides a summary of the main advancements in outdoor air conditioning and bases its discussion on reliable sources. Outdoor air conditioning technology has advanced to solve challenges like energy usage and environmental effects. To minimise energy consumption and lessen the carbon footprint of cooling operations, modern systems use cutting-edge designs and materials [1]. These developments have produced a more environmentally friendly method of outdoor cooling. Incorporating renewable energy sources, such as solar electricity, into cooling systems is a major development in outdoor air conditioning. This method considerably lessens dependency on conventional, fossil-fuel-based power generation by using the abundant energy from the sun to power air conditioning processes [2]. Using renewable energy for outdoor cooling is an appealing breakthrough, with potential environmental advantages and lower energy costs. Additionally, the development of intelligent outdoor air conditioning systems that are IoT-connected has revolutionised how we manage and control cooling in outdoor environments. These intelligent systems adapt dynamically to shifting environmental circumstances by utilising data analytics and real-time monitoring to maximise cooling efficiency [3]. Such technology improves user comfort while also promoting energy efficiency. Finally, advancements in outdoor air conditioning systems have significantly improved customer comfort and pleasure. Outdoor cooling systems now ensure occupants breathe clean, hygienic air and maintain the proper temperature thanks to advancements in air distribution and quality control [4]. Adaptation strategies for addressing climate change can be effective. Using spectrally selective glazing, summer overheating can be diminished by 15%. Implementing high-performance glazing reduces cold discomfort by 24% and heating needs by 22%, but it can also increase warm discomfort. Shading solutions stabilise energy consumption while cutting summer discomfort by as much as 44%. Thermal insulation reduces winter discomfort and halves energy usage, although it may increase summer discomfort by up to 41%. Climate change projections for 2050-2100 indicate a potential increase in warm discomfort hours by up to 70%. However, adaptive measures can mitigate these effects: natural ventilation could slash warm discomfort by 50-60%, and adaptive temperature setpoints might lower cooling requirements by approximately 35% [5]. These developments are essential for fostering well-being in outdoor areas. In conclusion, outdoor air conditioning technology advancements have addressed energy economy, sustainability, and user comfort. These developments reshape the future of outdoor cooling by incorporating renewable energy sources, implementing intelligent systems, and emphasising air quality [3]. This makes outdoor cooling more user- and environmentally friendly. This introduction will look at the cutting-edge developments that have elevated outdoor air conditioning to a new level of adaptability, sustainability, and efficiency [2]. The mitigation of climate change and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are two of the most urgent problems of the twenty-first century, as shown in Figure 1.  
Systems for cooling the outdoors are essential for this project. Modern systems use heat recovery technology and eco-friendly refrigerants to minimise their adverse environmental effects. These developments support international initiatives to reduce carbon emissions and lessen the effects of climate change. Integrating renewable energy is a critical component of contemporary outdoor air conditioning solutions.