## 1 Introduction  
The 21 st century's engineering undoubtedly plays a prime role in the pursuit of the greatest human needs, incorporating many forms of engineering, such as civil [1; 2; 3; 4; 5], mechanical [6; 7; 8; 9], electrical [10; 11], vehicle engineering [12; 13], transportation, logistics [14; 15], cognitive mobility [16; 17; 18; 19; 20], and environmental and chemical engineering [21; 22], towards the quest of sustainable development [23; 24; 25; 26]. They are responsible for developing sustainable engineering systems, and civil engineering is responsible for addressing the infrastructural systems of present-day societies with highly resilient and environmentally friendly materials. Moreover, mechanical engineering develops systems and machines that require less energy to operate. Electrical engineering promotes the use of renewable energy systems and establishes smart grid networks, which include sustainable approaches to the supply of power. Moreover, vehicle and transportation engineering has advanced the mobility industry with the use of electric and self-driving vehicles and has reengineered logistics systems to be more efficient while reducing emissions. Environmental engineering stitches all these professional spheres together and ensures that various technological advances are made responsibly and with awareness of eco-friendly and sustainable global goals. However, considering this interplay, there comes the integrated notion that for sustainability across these groups, there must be coalescence, integrating approaches that minimize wastage, protect resources, or optimize functionality, which logistics does by integrating transportation with energy and infrastructure to create an efficient supply chain that is also environmentally friendly. Developing strategies within these sectors positively impacts the environment while simultaneously strengthening economies, increasing urban sustainability, and enhancing the overall living experience. Such a multi-faceted strategy complements the goal of engineering in its continuous improvement and its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations [27]. Out of these fields, 3D printing makes it possible for materials to be consumed over a greater volume. It makes construction, manufacturing, and transport mechanisms more and more efficient. Advocacy for 3D-printed parametric designs in concrete as a material in reinforced structures for sustainable housing is built in this work. Organizations can leverage these technologies to enhance engineering cross-disciplinarity by solving the challenge of materials' sustainability while increasing infrastructure resiliency and performance. Three-dimensional printing is transforming construction by enabling precise, layer-by-layer manufacturing that reduces material waste and enhances sustainability [28; 29; 30]. This technology allows for customizable and scalable structures, optimizing resource use while minimizing environmental impact. Its adaptability supports the production of complex components, from small to large, with minimal waste, making it an efficient method for sustainable housing [31]. Additionally, it accelerates construction through rapid prototyping [32; 33; 34]. The printing table's volume determines object size, allowing for diverse component production [33; 34]. Despite its advantages, additive manufacturing faces challenges, particularly with PLA (polylactic acid). PLA's dual nature--biodegradable but lacking long-term durability--raises concerns for industrial applications [35; 36]. Its slow and undefined decomposition process complicates sustainable use [37; 38]. Researchers have explored material blending to tailor PLA's properties. For example, combining PLA with polycaprolactone (PCL) enhances biodegradation, achieving significant CO\({}_{2}\) conversion in soil and composing environments [39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44]. Accelerated degradation tests confirm that temperature significantly affects PLA decay, influencing crystallization and surface damage [44].