## 3 Literature Review
### History of EIA: Emergence, Evolution, Implementation
The debates highlighted the importance of active public participation and information in EIA processes and the need to strengthen institutional capacities to ensure a rigorous and transparent assessment of environmental impacts [6; 7]. Another important study that had national echoes was the development of wind turbine projects in Dobrogea, Romania, which showed a complex interplay between the drive for renewable energy and the risks of environmental impacts. Although this project contributes to the production of green energy, it has raised concerns about its impact on local biodiversity, particularly bird migration and natural habitats [124; 125]. The public consultations concluded that wind energy development requires careful strategic planning and the implementation of effective mitigation measures to minimize environmental impacts [124]. This process must appropriately balance the need for renewable energy, essential for the transition to a green economy, with the preservation of the region's unique natural heritage, which includes sensitive ecosystems and significant biodiversity. Ensuring this balance is crucial for promoting sustainable development and protecting an area's ecological and cultural values. Recent studies highlight the growing importance of access to public and environmental information, as well as the need for active public participation and stakeholder involvement in environmental protection and spatial planning processes [80; 123]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Assessment** & **Year** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Based on SD** \\ **Objectives** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Proposed Evaluation** \\ **Models** \\ \end{tabular} & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Environmental Impact Assessment—Strategic} & 2022 & NO & YES & [39] \\  & 2015 & NO & YES & [99; 100] \\  & 2012 & NO & YES & [73; 98] \\  & 2024 & NO & YES & [18; 101; 102] \\  & 2018 & NO & YES & [19] \\  & 2019 & NO & YES & [42] \\  & 2020 & NO & YES & [103] \\  & 2014 & NO & YES & [104] \\  & 2019 & NO & YES & [105] \\  & 2007 & NO & YES & [23] \\  & 2023 & NO & YES & [43; 106] \\  & 2007 & NO & YES & [23] \\  & 2021 & NO & YES & [25] \\  & 2013 & NO & YES & [107; 108] \\  & 2021 & NO & YES & [109] \\  & 2016 & YES & YES & [108; 110] \\  & 2022 & YES & YES & [111] \\  & 2021 & NO & YES & [112] \\  & 2021 & NO & YES & [113] \\  & 2023 & NO & YES & [114] \\  & 2007 & NO & YES & [115] \\  & 2021 & NO & YES & [116] \\  & 2022 & NO & YES & [117] \\ Social Impact Assessment (SIA) & 2017 & NO & YES & [17] \\  & 2019 & NO & YES & [118] \\  & 2019 & NO & YES & [119; 120; 121] \\  & 2013 & YES & YES & [107] \\ Other tools & 2022 & YES & YES & [6; 122; 123; 124] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: State-of-the-art SD and EIA in the Romanian context. The literature review carried out indicates that while impact assessment academia is indeed committed to SD and recognizes and acknowledges the potential for impact assessment to deliver sustainable development, there has been limited interest in the SDGs, particularly to date. This is mainly a result of the absence of published case studies reflecting the consistency between elements of EIA practice or theory and the SDGs, as shown by the limited number of research studies published so far. A few of the articles analyzed show specific potential in terms of the link between the SDGs and EIA, exploring the possibility of including health security aspects in EIAs of mining projects and suggesting the use of SDGs to achieve this. It was found that in some articles, the mention of SDGs and EA appears because of the link these two concepts have with sustainable development or sustainability. The research also considered other types of impact assessment, such as LCA, SA, HIA, and SIA, to identify ways in which the authors could relate these assessments to the SDGs and found that if such an impact assessment is carried out within a study, the SDGs are not considered.