## 2 Materials and Methods
### Monitoring and Experimentation
#### 2.2.2 Monitorization Setup  
In order to identify the best area to perform the study, Figure 5 provides a visual representation of the building's elevation, serving as a crucial tool in identifying areas with the greatest potential for cross-ventilation. The analysis reveals a clear distinction in cross-ventilation potential between different sections of the building. Rooms located on the southwest side, adjacent to the ancient building's left side in the figure, exhibit the highest potential for cross-ventilation. This is due to their strategic placement, connecting the exterior street with the central courtyard. This connection facilitates a continuous flow of air, drawing in cool air from the street and expelling warmer air through the courtyard. In contrast, rooms situated in the eastern part of the building, depicted on the figure's right side, face significant limitations in cross-ventilation. The narrow inner courtyard and restricted air outlet to the outside create a bottleneck, hindering the free movement of air. This restricted flow limits the effectiveness of natural cooling in these areas. The air flow patterns illustrated are schematic approximations, providing a simplified visualization for comprehension. Further analysis will delve deeper into the complex interplay of air movement between the inner courtyard and the street. This detailed  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**OM-EL-USB-2-LCD**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**PCE-FWS 20N**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & **Air Temperature** & **Relative** & **Air Temperature** & **Relative** & **Wind Speed** & **Wind Direction** [\({}^{\circ}\)] \\  & [\({}^{\circ}\)C] & **Humidity** & **[\({}^{\circ}\)C]** & **Humidity** & **[\%]** & **Wind Speed** & **Wind Direction** [\({}^{\circ}\)] \\ \hline Range & \(-35/80\) & \(0/100\) & \(-40/60\) & \(1/99\) & \(0/50\) & \(1/360\) \\ \hline Resolution & \(0.5\) & \(0.5\) & \(0.1\) & \(1\) & \(0.1\) & \(1\) \\ \hline Accuracy & \(\pm 0.5\) & \(\pm 3\) & \(\examination aims to quantify the potential of cross-ventilation, coupled with the strategy of night ventilation, to maintain the historic building's temperature within acceptable ranges. By optimizing these natural cooling techniques, the study seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving thermal comfort without relying on energy-intensive conventional air conditioning systems. Once the vertical layout of the dwelling is clear, Figure 6 illustrates the indoor locations of the measurement equipment (the position of the temperature sensor is indicated by the red cross.). For the sake of clarity, the rooms have been assigned numbers according to a code. The designation \"GF_RY\" and \"FF_RY\" refers to the location of the measurement equipment on the ground floor and first floor, respectively. The suffix \"RY\" denotes the room number. To illustrate, the designation \"FF_R1' denotes room 1 on the ground floor. The monitored rooms are distributed across two on the ground floor and four on the first floor, situated on the west side of the building. Furthermore, the weather station is located on the roof of the building at an elevation of 10 m above ground level [38], in order to obtain representative information about temperature and windspeed locally, including the effects of the urban heat island and the disruption triggered by the presence of buildings nearby. In order to facilitate a comparative analysis of the actual behaviour of the building with and without cross-ventilation, the monitoring campaign conducted during the summer was complemented by experimental periods during which cross-ventilation was implemented in selected rooms. Consequently, nocturnal cross-ventilation was conducted over a total of 20 randomly selected nights, distributed in consecutive periods of 1 to 5 nights.