## 3 Experiments and Results
### New Combinations of Signals Using Four Common Methods
#### 3.3.1 CSP Using New Combinations of Signals
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Classifier Type** & \begin{tabular}{c} **FB\({}^{1}\) 1** \\ **and 5** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **FB2** \\ **and 5** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **FB4** \\ **and 6** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **FB3** \\ **and 6** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **FB5** \\ **and 6** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **FB4** **and 8** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **FB6** **and 8** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **FB5** \\ **and 9** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **FB8** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **9** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline ELM\_Class\_Left & 81.65 & 81.24 & 82.32 & 81.89 & **84.66** & 81.98 & 83.78 & **84.31** & 81.48 \\ \hline ELM\_Class\_Right & 82.85 & 82.55 & 82.61 & 82.56 & **85.04** & 82.60 & 84.26 & **84.67** & 82.07 \\ \hline KNN\_Class\_Left & 76.48 & 76.00 & 75.95 & 75.60 & **80.17** & 74.18 & 77.61 & 78.19 & 75.18 \\ \hline KNN\_Class\_Right & 76.50 & 75.99 & 77.02 & 76.24 & **80.00** & 74.79 & 78.72 & 78.91 & 75.61 \\ \hline LDA\_Class\_Left & 81.95 & 82.23 & 82.08 & 81.04 & **84.09** & 81.35 & 82.27 & **84.15** & 82.90 \\ \hline LDA\_Class\_Right & 83.68 & 83.42 & 83.86 & 81.86 & **85.97** & 81.06 & 83.25 & **85.44** & 81.72 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* FB I and J mean filter bank I and filter bank J.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Average sensitivity values of three classifiers using hybrid signals from the left and right hands with 10 features. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Subject** & **FB\({}^{1}\) 1 and 5** & **FB2 and 5** & **FB4 and 5** & **FB3 and 6** & **FB5 and 6** & **FB4 and 8** & **FB6 and 8** & **FB5 and 9** & **FB8 and 9** \\ \hline S1 & 64.08 & 61.65 & 66.44 & 68.87 & 77.09 & 56.54 & 77.75 & 68.98 & 68.74 \\ S2 & 48.44 & 41.99 & 47.14 & 41.97 & 49.42 & 40.92 & 43.46 & 48.18 & 50.85 \\ S3 & 91.37 & 93.52 & 88.95 & 88.81 & 97.02 & 75.63 & 94.42 & 93.15 & 70.50 \\ S4 & 45.61 & 50.27 & 51.07 & 50.30 & 62.96 & 60.39 & 54.11 & 64.97 & 58.76 \\ S5 & 39.20 & 52.50 & 46.84 & 36.95 & 44.93 & 47.92 & 37.44 & 42.54 & 50.63 \\ S6 & 45.36 & 44.89 & 59.67 & 47.49 & 64.44 & 48.36 & 56.97 & 65.12 & 51.49 \\ S7 & 90.60 & 80.43 & 59.87 & 66.65 & 67.48 & 63.13 & 58.43 & 71.20 & 68.86 \\ S8 & 92.01 & 90.69 & 95.21 & 92.61 & 92.02 & 91.65 & 92.23 & 94.91 & 88.81 \\ S9 & 62.64 & 62.84 & 66.55 & 60.02 & 62.97 & 65.02 & 63.41 & 64.92 & 61.38 \\ Average & 64.37 & 64.31 & 64.64 & 61.52 & **68.70** & 61.06 & 64.24 & **68.22** & 63.34 \\ \(p\)-value & 0.015 & **0.007** & **0.004** & **0.009** & **0.002** & **0.014** & **0.002** & **0.003** & **0.016** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* FB I and J mean filter bank I and filter bank J. The \(p\)-values are from paired \(t\)-tests between results of CSP (C3, C4, CZ) [44] and new signals (FB I with J) from the left and right hands.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Kappa values with LDA classifier of hybrid signals from left and right hands with 10 features. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Classifier** & **FB\({}^{1}\) 1 and 2** & **FB4 and 5** & **FB4 and 6** & **FB4 and 7** & **FB4 and 8** & **FB1 and 9** & **FB2 and 9** & **FB3 and 9** & **FB4 and 9** \\ \hline ELM & 72.94 & 73.04 & 73.41 & 75.79 & **75.81** & 78.36 & 77.86 & **78.82** & 77.93 \\ \hline KNN & 91.49 & 89.63 & 90.61 & 94.14 & **94.10** & 93.97 & 94.11 & **94.60** & 94.60 \\ \hline LDA & 92.47 & 93.99 & 93.97 & 94.50 & **9 are shown for LDA, which has slightly better accuracy (hand and foot). All of the subjects have high kappa values (more than 90%). Table 7 shows the details of the average sensitivity of subjects for some of the new combinations of signals. It reveals that the difference between left- and right-hand classes is less than 2%. And the difference between sensitivity and accuracy is small. In Tables 3 and 6, the \(p\)-values for our proposed method (new signals and CSP) with the LDA classifier based on CSP (C3, C4, CZ) [102] are calculated for the left and right hands and the hand and foot.