## Questions concerning the Relationship between CLIL and Digital/Computer Technology
### CLIL or TELL? During the previous few decades, the use of digital technology for language learning and teaching has grown exponentially with the popularity of ICT (information and communication technology) and its wide range of applications in various fields, such as computer science, business, and education [2]. ICT refers to a collection of technical tools and resources that, with technical assistance, enable information transmission, processing, storage, and exchange [7; 8; 9]. To better explore the integrated nature of CLIL and to gain a more thorough comprehension of this integrated relationship, some researchers attempt to use technology as a bridge to connect and integrate subject knowledge and language acquisition in CLIL instruction. As a result, teaching models combining CALL and CLIL have been proposed by different researchers. Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is the search for and study of computer-based language teaching and learning applications [10]. Specifically, it refers to the study and practice of foreign languages via the use of digital technology, such as computers, but also smartphones, tablets, MP3 players, and gaming consoles [11]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [12] defined three stages of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) development and related them to a universal paradigm of language learning and technology in the year 2000: The first phase, known as \"Structural CALL\", focuses on drill and practice and views language as a formal structural system (grammar, phonology, etc.). The second phase, \"Communicative CALL\", is based on the communicative language teaching (CLT) technique and considers language information as formed in the learner's mind instead of a set of external rules. [PERSON] calls the third phase \"integrative\", referring to applications still attached to desktop computers at the beginning of the 21 st century. However, [PERSON] ([13], p. 23) forecasts in the third phrase devices that are'very different in shape and size from their current manifestations'. He believes that once the technology is fully standardized, \"integrated CALL\" will become a reality, and the \"CALL\" will no longer be a meaningful structure because the technology is indivisible. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2] support [PERSON]'s perspective and assert that we have reached the third stage that [PERSON] identifies, in which digital devices have become an integral part of daily life. This also leads to the development of another term from the foundation of CALL: TELL (technology-enhanced language learning). [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2] claim that one of the most significant distinctions between CALL and TELL is that we do not view technology as a language learning aid but rather as part of the environment in which language exists and is used. Thus, TELL emphasizes technology as an authentic setting for language use, which is congruent with CLIL's focus. As [PERSON] [14] points out, providing an authentic context for children to allow them to acquire language spontaneously is essential in CLIL class. In general, TELL is the outcome of the advancement of CALL. It is a structural development that follows the high level of informationalization and the ubiquity of science and technology in our society. Table 1 describes the various stages of CALL and TELL and their relationship with various learning techniques and language psychology. Consequently, it is clear from the table above that TELL is more adaptable and offers a greater variety of independent possibilities than CALL. For instance, it is clear from the first point about technology that TELL can offer educators and students that technology equipment is more versatile and portable when compared with CALL. TELL is also more integrated than CALL. As an illustration, in the third element, TELL ultimately exemplifies the integration of TELL by combining all the development traits of earlier CALL and creating a new adaptable feature. In general, TELL is the outcome of the advancement of CALL.