# Coverage Strategy for Small-Cell UAV-Based Networks in IoT Environment
## 3 Problem Formulation
* How can the proposed flying access strategy be evaluated and compared with existing strategies in terms of network coverage, energy efficiency, and interference mitigation? This paper will evaluate the proposed flying access strategy using simulations and real-world experiments. The results of the proposed strategy will be compared with existing strategies in terms of network coverage, energy efficiency, and interference mitigation. To achieve the research objectives, this paper will adopt a multi-disciplinary approach that combines concepts from wireless communication, networking, and control theory. This paper will propose a novel algorithm that takes into account UAV movements and communication parameters to provide seamless network coverage while conserving energy and mitigating interference. The proposed flying access strategy has several practical implications for wireless network providers, IoT service providers, and UAV manufacturers. The strategy can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of UAV-based wireless networks, thereby enhancing the quality of service for end-users. The proposed strategy could provide insights for the development of future UAV-based wireless network systems. This paper will evaluate the proposed strategy using simulations and real-world experiments, and the results will be compared with existing strategies in terms of network coverage, energy efficiency, and interference mitigation. The proposed strategy has practical implications for wireless network providers, IoT service providers, and UAV manufacturers and could provide insights for the development of future UAV-based wireless network systems. Let us consider a circular geographic region characterized by a radius denoted by R. Within this area, a population of wireless users, quantified as \(N\), is deployed in accordance with a homogeneous Poisson point process featuring a user density of u users per square meter. Within this geographical expanse, a fleet of UAVs is deployed as mobile aerial base stations, and their movements are governed by a random waypoint mobility model, as illustrated in Figure 1. These UAVs are operated by various entities and collaborate to ensure comprehensive coverage for mobile IoT users on the ground. It is worth noting that in this configuration, all the drones share common attributes, such as altitude (h), available total bandwidth, and maximum transmit power. Figure 1: UAV-to-device network. Figure 2 provides an illustration of the beaconing schedule for two competitive UAVs, denoted by \(i\) and \(j\). Let us define \(m\) as the duration of the activity schedule, comprising a sequence of ordered beaconing and idle periods. This parameter, \(m\), serves as the encounter deadline, indicating the point beyond which the temporary establishment of Drone Small Cells (DSCs) is no longer necessary. The beaconing/idle cycle repeats itself periodically at intervals of \(T\) slots, resulting in a total of \(l=m/T\) cycles. In this competitive scenario, both drones vie to be the first to extend coverage to the ground-based mobile users. The successful encounter rate of a particular DSC depends on its activity schedule (the sequence of beaconing and idle periods) and that of the opposing drone. We can distinguish between two cases based on the beaconing durations chosen by the drones. If drone \(i\) succeeds in encountering the mobile users during one of its beaconing periods, it achieves success. Conversely, if drone \(j\) manages to encounter the mobile users first, drone \(i\) can only succeed if drone \(j\)'s encounter occurs during an idle period of its activity schedule. Since the drones are operated by different entities, each UAV strives to be the initial point of contact with the mobile users, functioning as the DSC. Therefore, the drones must engage in autonomous and independent decision making to select their beaconing-scheduling strategies, all in pursuit of maximizing their respective successful encounter rates.