# NFC Tag Awareness and Its Visual Implementation on Food Packaging: Case Study in Slovenia
## 3 Results
### Recognition and Knowledge of NFC Tags  
From the professional public (N = 10: product developers, marketing, R&D), it was discovered that there were practically no implementations of NFC tags on the market or that they had not yet been applied to FMCG products. To enhance familiarity with NFC tags in the online survey, graphic and substantive questions about element recognition and knowledge were included. The segmentation of the participants in all phases of the investigation is shown in Table 1 (online survey: N = 164, interviews and eye-tracking: N = 34, focus groups: N = 50). Simultaneously, it was possible to see how many participants recognized the NFC tag and how many knew it according to their level of knowledge or age (generation). For the research question on whether the NFC tag was well-known among consumers, a chi-square test was conducted to assess recognition and knowledge of the NFC tag. The results indicate that 71.2% (141) of the participants recognized the displayed elements, while 28.8% (57) did not. The chi-square test shows a statistically significant difference between the groups (chi-square = 35.636; \(p\)-value = 0.000). Regarding knowledge, it was found that 53.5% (106) of all respondents in groups 1 and 2 were familiar with the term NFC, while 46.5% (92) were not (Table 2). The results of the chi-square test show no statistically significant differences regarding knowledge of NFC tag. Based on the data shown above, it can be concluded that customers did not know the NFC tag well, but they were familiar with it. Regarding the relation between the respondents' education level and their recognition of NFC tags, it was observed that most respondents recognized the shown element regardless of their level of education. Recognition levels were highest in the groups with high school and bachelor's degrees (level 5 and 6/1), with 73.9% (82), followed by primary school or lower (below level 5), with 71.4% (25), and master's degree and higher (level 6/2 and above), with 65.4% (34). The results of the chi-square test of equal probability (chi-square = 1.246; \(p\)-value = 0.536) indicate no statistically significant differences in the recognition of the displayed images among the respondents based on their education level. When knowledge was taken into consideration, the result was similar. The greatest knowledge of NFC tag was found in the group with a level of education between 5 and 6/1 (57.5%/47), followed by respondents with a level of education between 6/2 and higher (53.8%/24) and by respondents with levels of education below 5 (40.0%/21). The results of the chi-square test of equal probability (chi-square = 3.338; \(p\)-value = 0.188) also show no statistically significant differences in familiarity with the term NFC among the respondents based on their level of education. Based on both calculations, it can be concluded that participants with a master's degree or higher education did not possess better knowledge of the NFC tag compared to others. Therefore, based on this analysis, we can infer that higher education (master's degree) does not necessarily make individuals more familiar with the NFC tag. From Table 2, it can be seen that there were no significant differences in recognition and knowledge between generations Y and Z. Recognition levels among members of Generation Y were 28.3%, while recognition levels reached 26.3% among members of Generation Z. Knowledge among members of Generation Y attained 21.7%, while it reached 18.7% among members of Generation Z. It is shown that 75.7% (56) of millennials recognized the NFC tag; in contrast, 24.3% (18) did not. The chi-square test results, looking only at Generation Y, showed (chi-square = 19.514; \(p\)-value = 0.000) that there were statistically significant differences in the millennial group. With regard to the knowledge of the tag, the results show that 58.1% (43) of the surveyed millennials were familiar with the concept of NFC, while 41.9% (31) were not.