## 5 Experimental Evaluation
### Public Sentiment on Vaccination
#### 5.1.3 Sentiment Timeline for Vaccination Tweets  
We show a day-to-day sentiment analysis of the tweets to have an understanding of the distribution of the tweets by date. This helps us to learn about some important topics on a particular day. Suppose, for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine (Figures 6c and 7c), we see a high threshold of tweets on 13 April 2021. This high peak is due to the tweets about blood clots from taking the Johnson & Johnson vaccine and related news to this topic. We show the distribution using the results both TextBlob and VADER to get a better comprehension of which sentiment analysis tool is working well for these Twitter datasets. Comparing Figures 6 and 7, we see that using both tools we have a similar trend. We observe from the following plots that VADER has the tendency to classify some neutral tweets into negative or positive ones and thus lessening the number of neutral tweets. In some cases (Figure 7c,d,f), the negative sentiment overrides the positive sentiments to a great extent. To verify such dissimilarities, we manually reviewed some tweets for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine dated 13 April 2021 where VADER (Figure 7c) shows a high peak of negative sentiment compared to TextBlob (Figure 6c) and listed some example tweets in Table 5. We observe that many tweets of positive and neutral sentiment as given in TextBlob are classified negative in VADER. Thus, for all of our other analyses regarding the sentiment analysis results, we mention the results found using TextBlob.  
Figure 5: Sentiment percentage distribution using raw and pre-proceseed tweets for different vaccines.  
Figure 6: _Cont._Figure 6: Public sentiment for different vaccines with timeline using TextBlob.  
Figure 7: Public sentiment for different vaccines with timeline using VADER.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Original Tweet** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**TextBlob**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**VADER**} \\ \hline The vaccine is safe and poses a significantly lower risk (6/7,000,000) of harm than COVID19. Risk can always & & \\ be scary. The data helps me feel safe. I’m a 33 yo woman and I would feel relieved to take the J\&] vaccine. & positive & negative \\ \#10 ASpr21 https://tco/Vij1 FJRgN (accessed on 13 April 2021) & & & \\ \hline CDC investigates death of Virginia woman who died after J\&] vaccine https://tco/LWqfApXfl3 (accessed on 13 April 2021) & neutral & negative \\ \hline
6 people who received J\&] had rare blood clotting. Out of 6.9 million people. I received the one-shot J\&] vaccine and had no side effects other than a slightly sore arm (same as the flu shot.) I am very grateful I got it. & positive & negative \\ https://tco/M62 PgOCO (accessed on 13 April 2021) & & & \\ \hline DASSIT. Nobody will EVER trust that J\&] vaccine from here on out. Donnt matter what the analyses render. & & \\ But fact Johnson \& Johnson. Then pieces of shut been fucking people over for decades and are responsible & & \\ for countless deaths we their other products. I don’t blame the caution https://tco/fJAXKNBw0 (accessed on 13 April 2021) & negative & negative \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Tweets on Johnson & Johnson Vaccine on 13 April 2021.