esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
### Article
One of the solutions to overcome areas with poor coverage is to place borehole seismometers outside the main mining facility (off-facility) areas. Borehole seismometers in off-facilities areas have been applied in geothermal and oil and gas reservoirs [15; 16; 17; 18; 19]. [PERSON] et al. [18] conducted a case study of seismic networks (type and layout of seismometers) for monitoring microseismic events and natural earthquakes around CO\({}_{2}\) injection areas using a (broadband) seismic network on the surface and multi-array borehole seismometers in America and Japan, along with several carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)) injection sites. The results showed that earthquake events with a magnitude of Mw \(-1\) could not be recorded by the seismic network on the surface. The addition of a multi-array borehole seismometer can increase the resolution of microseismic monitoring to levels previously not detectable using seismometers on the surface. [PERSON] et al. [16] conducted microseismic monitoring in the Kilauea Lower East Rift Geothermal Zone, Puna, Hawaii, with a borehole seismometer at a depth of 30 to 210 m. The results of the research showed that earthquake events with a magnitude below \(-0.5\) can be well recorded. To improve the coverage of microseismic monitoring in the abutment and seismogenic zones that are not covered by the typical seismometer network deployed in the facility area, we simulated the deployment of additional seismometers in off-facilities areas to maximize monitoring resolution. We created two scenarios for placing seismometers: (i) a seismometer network following the intrusion mining level with seismometers spread over the mining facility area; and (ii) the seismometer network in (i) plus additional seismometers in off-facilities areas. The results of the seismometer network will be processed using the delay-time tomography method to determine the maximum resolution of the two scenarios, especially in the abutment and seismogenic zones. This study uses the delay-time tomography method for sensitivity testing using the Checkerboard Resolution Test (CRT) [20]. Through this study, the impact of adding a seismometer in off-facilities areas to monitor resolution in block caving areas can be quantified.
## 3 Analysis of Climbing Performance for the Climbing Robot
### Analysis of Climbing Ability  
The climbing robot utilizes the spring mechanism to provide force to clasp the cable and the driving wheel is actuated by DC motor to roll along the cable. The friction force must be greater than the gravity of the robot and payloads, so that it can climb along the cables inclined at any angle. The climbing principle, coordinate system and external force analysis are shown in Figure 6. For the whole  
Figure 5: Simulation diagram of descent speed. (**a**) Relationship of descent speed, gear ratio and spring force. (**b**) Relationship of descent speed, robot mass and inclination angle of cables.  
robot mechanism, if the motor with enough input torque is used, we can establish the equilibrium equation:  
\[\left\{\begin{array}{c}F_{fa}+F_{fb}+F_{fc}=Mg\cos\beta\\ N_{b}+N_{c}=N_{a}+Mg\sin\beta\end{array}\right. \tag{9}\]  
where \(F_{fa}=N_{a}\mu\), \(F_{fb}=N_{b}\mu\), \(F_{fc}=N_{c}\mu\), denote the maximum static friction force of the three wheels. \(N_{a}\), \(N_{b}\), \(N_{c}\) represent the supporting force of the three wheels, \(\mu\) is static friction coefficient. \(M\), \(g\), \(\beta\) and \(O\) represent the mass of the robot including external payloads, the gravitational acceleration, the inclination angle of the cable and the center of gravity of the robot, respectively.  
In this paper, various obstacles on cable surfaces are neglected. Meanwhile, by ignoring small losses during the drive and regarding the sum of output torques of driving wheels as \(\tau\), the following balance equation can be established:  
\[\tau=(F_{fa}+F_{fb}+F_{fc})\cdot r=Mg\cdot\cos\beta\cdot r \tag{10}\]  
where \(r\) represents the equivalent radius of the rolling wheels.  
As the two motors drive three groups of rolling wheels, in ideal conditions, the single actual friction torque \(t^{\prime}\) of rolling wheels is as follows in ideal conditions:  
\[\tau^{\prime}=\frac{1}{3}Mg\cdot\cos\beta\cdot r \tag{11}\]  
In addition, in order to prevent skid in climbing, the sum \(F_{f}\) of the minimum sliding frictions of the rolling wheels must satisfy: \(F_{f}>Mg\cdot\cos\beta\).  
Suppose the velocity of the robot is \(v\) and the efficiency of the motor is \(\eta\). In the design process, we should choose a driving wheel that possesses a rather large friction coefficient with the cable to reduce the clasped force. Here, ignore the inner friction of the robot, which the required whole power of DC motor \(P\) is:  
\[P=F_{f}v/\eta=\frac{Mgv\cdot\cos\beta}{\eta} \tag{12}\]
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Preparation of Cell Suspension  
The 4T1 breast cancer cell lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco(r); Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco(r); Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin(HyClone; GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Logan, UT, USA). For subcutaneous implantation, a cell suspension of a density of \(1\times 10^{4}\) cells/25 \(\upmu\)L was prepared for each animal.
# A Survey of the Applications of Text Mining for the Food Domain
## 4 Data Sources in the Food Domain
### Consumer Data  
Consumer data, as a vital source of textual information in the food domain, offer insights into the authentic experiences and perceptions of consumers. Extracting and analyzing this reservoir of data is crucial for organizations to align with the genuine voices of their users and formulate strategies focused on user experiences [4; 74; 78]. These data primarily come from diverse sources, including restaurant reviews, e-commerce product evaluations, social media platforms, and various forms of user-generated content. Social data, in particular, reflect individual sentiments and emotions, providing valuable insights for understanding consumer behavior and experiences in various dietary contexts [35].  
It is important to note that different platforms attract distinct user cohorts. By amalgamating data from various sources, a more comprehensive user profile can be crafted. The textual analysis of consumer data is foundational for product enhancement and informed marketing decision making [32]. Beyond production and marketing, consumer data analyses support regulatory efforts in the food domain. User feedback serves as an early indicator for regulatory responses, correlating issues raised by consumers with subsequent food recall notifications and incidents. This expedites food safety measures, mitigates the impact on public health and the economy, and ensures the timely identification of unsafe food products [24].  
Current research still faces significant challenges in dealing with the integration and intelligent analysis of massive amounts of consumer data. Among them, advancing natural language processing techniques for deeper understanding of unstructured textual data has become one of the key issues to address. At the same time, the protection of user privacy becomes the most urgent and important consideration when utilizing such data. Consumer data are generally collected and labeled by individuals for scientific research. However, as most of the datasets are not publicly available, they cannot be used for further research.
## 2 Results and Discussion
### Antimicrobial Activity  
Three derivatives, namely cyanopyridine (**5a** and **5b**) and pyrimidine (**6b**), revealed their effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 64.5 to 250 \(\mu\)g/mL. Table 4 reports the inhibition zone diameter (IZD), MICs, and MBC values. In general, pyrimidine (**6b**) was the most active in comparison with the other components. It showed a strong effect against _S. aureus_ and _B. subtilis_, with IZD values of 21-20.5 mm. Cyanopyridine (**5a** and **5b**) were less active against _S. aureus_ and slightly less active against _B. subtilis_, with an IZD of 18.5 and 17 mm, respectively. Moreover, the MBC to MIC ratios calculated for the derivatives indicate that they are bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic molecules. Hence, the derivatives possessing a methyl group exhibited good antibacterial activity, as the methyl group is considered an electron-donating group, which increases the electron density, makes the compounds effective against micro-organisms, and enhances their antibacterial activity [40].  
Figure 8: Recyclability and regeneration study of Na\({}_{2}\)CaP\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{7}\) in the synthesis of **5a**.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Cyanopyridine 5a**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Cyanopyridine Sb**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Pyrimidine 6b**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **IZD** & **MIC** & **MRC** & **IZD (mm)** & **MIC** & **MRC** & **MRC** & **IZD (mm)** & **MIC** & **MRC** \\  & **(mm)** & **(\(\mu\)L/mL)** & **(\(\mu\)L/mL)** & **(\(\mu\)L/mL)** & **(\(\mu\)L/mL)** & **(\(\mu\)L/mL)** & **(\(\mu\)L/mL)** & **(\(\mu\)L/mL)** \\ \hline _P. aeruginosa (–)_ & NS & - & - & NS & - & - & NS & - & - \\ _S. aureus (+)_ & NS & - & - & NS & - & - & 21 & 125 & 125 \\ _S. epidermidis (+)_ & NS & - & - & NS & - & - & NS & - & - \\ _K. pneumoniae (–)_ & NS & - & - & NS & - & - & NS & - & - \\ _B. subtilis (+)_ & 18.5 & 64.5 & 64.5 & 17 & 64.5 & 125 & 20.5 & 64.5 & 64.5 \\ _E. coli (–)_ & 13 & 125 & 125 & 125 & 250 & 12 & 125 & 125 \\ _E. faecalis (+)_ & NS & - & - & NS & - & - & NS & - & - \\ _C. albicans_ & NS & - & - & NS & - & NS & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* NS: not susceptible; IZD: inhibition zone diameter; MC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Determination of the inhibition zone diameter of the synthesis of cyanopyridine derivatives (**5a**, **5b**) and pyrimidine (**6b**).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Entry** & **2-Amino-3-** \\ **Cyanopyridine** & **Pyrido[2,3-\(d\)]pyrimidine [a]** & **Yield [b]** (\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* All products were characterized by \({}^{1}\)H, \({}^{13}\)C NMR, MS, and IR spectral data(see Supplementary Data); [b] isolated yields.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Synthesis of pyrido[2,3-\(d\)]pyrimidine derivative 6.
# Evaluation of Survivability of the Automatically Obfuscated Android Malware
## 1 Introduction  
The Android platform is one of the most popular mobile device platforms, with installation on billions of devices worldwide [1]. As the popularity of smartphones has grown, so has the number of malware applications targeting such devices and alternative Android application repositories that distribute such applications. Consumers typically use anti-malware programs to protect their mobile devices, which scan apps for malicious code. However, these products have not always been able to detect malware. Malware creators frequently rely on code obfuscation to prevent detection. Code obfuscation [2] converts code into a format that is more complicated to decipher, interpret and reverse engineer for humans and computers. Such a modification does not alter the semantics of the code. Code obfuscation may be minor or sophisticated, such as bytecode encryption or the addition of unused code [3]. There are several commercial and open-source obfuscators available on the market, such as Proguard, DexGuard, Obfusapk, etc. [4, 5]. They provide the ability to employ single or multiple code obfuscation strategies to the application code to prevent the reverse engineering of code and to protect the proprietary code. However, malware developers leverage the same tools to perform code obfuscation with the malicious code and to inject it inside the benign application to bypass anti-malware tools. The accessibilityof reverse engineering tools in conjunction with rich bytecode semantics has led to an exponential increase in malware for all types of mobile platforms.  
Consequently, substantial attempts have been made to establish strategies to identify Android malware. Anti-malware products, based on the detection methodology used, can be classified based on the following two broad categories: static and dynamic detection. Static detection analyzes the application code through reverse engineering techniques without the need to run the Android application (APK). The dynamic detection technique analyzes the application's run time behavior to detect potentially malicious system calls.  
This project discusses (1) the effects of single and combined obfuscation techniques on the detection capability of anti-malware products through multiple obfuscation tools, (2) the accuracy of anti-malware products to differentiate between malicious and benign apps after transformation, (3) the impact of time on the identification of individual items by an obfuscated app and (4) the \"survival\" ratio of malware after being subjected to obfuscation.
## 3 Test Campaign
### Participants  
The test involved 20 users, divided into two groups, one performing on the mid-air haptic interface (Stratos) and another performing on the trackpad (see Table 1). Thirteen subjects were male (65%), seven were female (35%), all were aged between 20 and 29 (mean: 23.7, SD: 3.06), and all had a driving license. Of the first group of 10 subjects, 3 participants (30%) had prior experience using hand-tracking interfaces similar to the one used by the Stratos device. In the second group, 9 out of 10 (90%) of participants commonly rely on trackpad interfacing in their daily lives, confirming the assumption that the trackpad can be a reference point for this test. Table 1 summarizes the descriptive statistics of the considered sample.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & & **Stratos** & & **Trackpad** & & **Total** & \\ \hline
**Sample size** & & 10 & - & 10 & - & 20 & - \\ \hline
**Gender** & Female & 4 & 40\% & 3 & 30\% & 7 & 35\% \\  & Male & 6 & 60\% & 7 & 70\% & 13 & 65\% \\ \hline
**Dominant hand** & Right & 9 & 90\% & 9 & 90\% & 18 & 90\% \\  & Left & 1 & 10\% & - & - & 1 & 5\% \\  & Both & - & - & 1 & 10\% & 1 & 5\% \\ \hline
**Has a car driving license?** & Yes & 10 & 100\% & 10 & 100\% & 20 & 100\% \\  & No & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ \hline
**How often do you drive?** & Daily & 1 & 10\% & 6 & 60\% & 7 & 35\% \\  & Weekly & 5 & 50\% & 2 & 20\% & 7 & 35\% \\  & Monthly & - & - & 1 & 10\% & 1 & 5\% \\  & Sometime & 4 & 40\% & 1 & 10\% & 5 & 25\% \\ \hline
**Have you already used** & Yes & 3 & 30\% & 9 & 90\% & 12 & 60\% \\  & **this type of interface?** & No & 7 & 70\% & 1 & 10\% & 8 & 40\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Sample descriptive statistics.  
Figure 8: A subject during the execution of the test on the iDrive simulator with the Stratos device.
# PVPBC: Privacy and Verifiability Preserving E-Voting Based on Permissioned Blockchain
## 6 PVPBC Protocol: Cryptographic Considerations  
We will now delve into a technical description of the protocol, paying particular attention to the cryptographic steps. This discussion is arranged into three parts: (1) the pre-election technical setup; (2) the election phase; and, finally, (3) the post-election phase.
## 4 Conclusions  
We proposed a TMPR that reconstructs 3D coordinates and a vascular map to effectively control an MMR by an MNS. The proposed TMPR transforms two 2D X-ray pixel images into 3D real-world coordinates in the coordinate system of a C-arm. We calculated the relative rotation angle of the C-arm, considering its rotational precision error, by utilizing the TMPR. Also, the TMPR was utilized to reconstruct the vascular map. The reconstructed vascular map is in the 3D coordinate system of the C-arm, and it can be transformed into the 3D coordinate system of the MNS workspace to generate the desired direction and magnitude of the magnetic flux density along the vascular path. The proposed methods were validated through in vitro experiments with a mock-up of an MNS and a vascular jig. Finally, the proposed method was applied to in vivo experiments where the MMR was inserted into the SFA of a mini pig and the motion was precisely controlled remotely by the MNS. This research will enable more precise and effective control of MMRs in various medical procedures utilizing the MNS, and it confirms that the proposed method can enhance the compatibility between commercial C-arm X-ray devices and MNSs in a constrained environment where the maximum angular difference between the two X-ray images is approximately 15\({}^{\circ}\). In future work, it will be necessary to develop a model that reflects vascular changes caused by stenosis or spasm, and to validate the proposed method in complex vascular structures such as cerebral vessels.  
Project administration and funding acquisition, G.J.; conceptualization, N.K. and G.J.; methodology, N.K. and J.K.; software, N.K.; validation, N.K. and S.L.; formal analysis, S.L. and J.K.; investigation, S.L.; writing--original draft preparation, N.K. and S.L.; writing--review and editing, G.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (Grant No. 2023R1A2C2005143).  
The animal experiment in this study was conducted with the approval of the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Yonsei University Medical and conformed to the Animal Protection Act and the Laboratory Animal Act.  
Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Dataset available on request from the authors.  
Figure 9: In vitro experiment along the right SFA using the RAMAN system, feeding robot, and SRMR after generating a 3D blood vessel map. (**a**) Separation; (**b**) movement forward; (**c**) balloon inflation; (**d**) movement backward; (**e**) recombination; and (**f**) final retrieval.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### CBCT Evaluation  
Keeping into account the pediatric age of the patients, the CBCT was set up as described previously [29]. Briefly, imaging was executed with NewTom V Gi Dental X-ray Machine (QR, Verona, Italia) by one of the authors (DM). Device settings were at 8 mA and 90 kV. Additional technical data included the following: exposure time 0.25 s, total mA 10 mA and delivered dose 0.125 mGy. Each field of view (FOV) mode was 5 \(\times\) 5 cm, with an isotropic voxel size of 0.4 mm, and all acquisitions were elaborated for the study of the dental arch to evaluate all parameters needed as described previously [29; 31; 32; 33]. In addition, to facilitate a more meaningful comparison of BMD changes, the value 0 was assigned to dental papilla area in all the evaluated Regions of Interest (ROIs) before extraction. Image analysis was performed using Infinitt Health Care software (Infinitt, Seoul, Republic of Korea) through multiplane reconstruction. The following ROIs were considered: between 3.7 and 3.8 (ROI-1) and between 4.7 and 4.8 (ROI-2); after 3.8 (ROI-3) and after 4.8 (ROI-4); the alveolar sockets 3.8 (ROI-5) and 4.8 (ROI-6); the left (ROI-7) and right (ROI-8) cortical bone. ROI-5 and ROI-6 were evaluated only after the molar extraction. All ROIs were standardized, taking 1 mm\({}^{2}\) on the sagittal cut of each CBCT with a width of 1 mm (Figure 1). To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), the light intensity within each ROI was measured in Hounsfield Units (HUs). This method was selected due to its strong correlation with actual bone density, as confirmed in studies comparing HU in CBCT and fan-beam CT, demonstrating a 90% accuracy correlation in both soft and hard tissues (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.91, \(p\) < 0.001). The measurements were performed pre- and post-extraction, allowing for intra- and inter-group bone healing and mineralization comparisons. Figure 1: Representative CBCT images from one OI-I patient (patient one in Table 1 (**A,B**)) and from an age-matched HS (male, 17 years (**C,D**)). CBCTs before and after surgery are shown in (**A**) and (**C**) and in (**B**) and (**D**), respectively. ROIs from the left side are shown. ROI 2, 4, 6 and 8 were the same for ROI 1, 3, 5 and 7 on the right side.
## 2 Techniques Used for Adaptive Equalization
### Genetic Algorithms  
The GA is an optimization technique inspired by the process of natural selection and genetics [40]. In the context of adaptive equalization, the GA is employed to evolve a population of candidate solutions towards the optimal solution [41]. The GA involves the use of selection, crossover, and mutation operators to iteratively improve the quality of solutions [42]. The GA can handle complex optimization problems and provides a diverse set of solutions [43]. By using appropriate genetic operators and fitness evaluation criteria, the GA can effectively optimize the equalizer's coefficients for adaptive equalization.
# Fast Coherent Video Style Transfer via Flow Errors Reduction
## 1 Introduction
In addition, we discover that taking into account both the multi-frame RGB-level and Feature-level Coherent Losses will result in a better temporal consistency. During the experiments, we also discovered that the image quality of initialized images degrades over long-range frames. To retain the quality, we propose Sharpness Losses to deal with potential image blurriness artefacts. Overall, the main contributions of the approach proposed in this paper are the following:  
1. Novel mask techniques for new initialized images, which are capable of reducing flow errors even for large motions or strong occlusion cases. 2. Extra constraints like Coherent Losses and Sharpness Losses, which help to obtain a better temporal consistency and retain image quality over long-range frames. 3. The speed of the gradient-based optimization methods is increased from minutes per frame to less than 2 s per frame. In this way, our gradient-based optimization method produces coherent video outputs which preserve the faithful style effects and the temporal consistency of the original images as well even for large motion or strong occlusion cases. The organization of this paper is as follows: Section 2 will give a review of the literature on image style transfer and video style transfer; Section 3 will illustrate the motivation behind this work, the proposed system overview, the novel initialization via proposed mask techniques, loss functions for retaining image quality and loss functions on both RGB-level and Feature-level constraints for temporal consistency; Section 4 will give the implementation details for reproducibility; Section 5 will demonstrate ablation studies of the proposed components and comparisons to state-of-the-art methods with qualitative and quantitative evaluations; and Section 6 will offer some conclusions and ideas for further works.