## 3 Material and Methods
### Studied Sections
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Description**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Age**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Petrography**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Isotope**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Elements**} \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline H1-4 & Chalky limestone & X & & & & \\ H5-10 & & **Silicified limestone** & X & & & \\ H11 & Silicified limestone & X & X & & & \\ H12-15 & **Hard**silicified phosphate** & X & & X & X \\ H16 & Hard silicified phosphate & X & X & X & X \\ H17 & **Hard**silicified phosphate** & X & & X & \\ H18-21 & Phosphate & X & & X & X \\ H22 & Phosphate & X & & X & X \\ H22 & Phosphate & X & & X & X \\ H28 & **Marly chalk** & X & & & \\ H29 & Marly chalk & X & & & \\ D1-3 & **Situminous** chalk & X & & & \\ D4-6 & Silicous chalk & X & & & \\ D7 & **Siliceous chalk** & X & & X & X \\ D8 & Siliceous chalk & X & X & X & X \\ D9 & **Glauconite-bearing chalk** & X & & X & X \\ D10 & **Glauconite-bearing chalk** & X & & X & X \\ D11 & **Phosphatic-glauconitic arenite** & X & & & \\ D12 & **Phosphatic-glauconitic arenite** & X & X & X & X \\ D13 & **Phosphatic-glauconitic arenite** & X & & X & X \\ D14 & **Phosphatic-glauconitic arenite** & X & & X & X \\ D15 & **Phosphatic-glauconitic arenite** & X & & & \\ D16 & **Phosphatic-glauconitic arenite** & X & & X & X \\ D17 & **Chalk** & X & & & \\ D18-19 & Chalk & X & & & \\ D20 & **Chalk** & X & & X & X \\ D21 & Chalk & X & & & \\ HS1-2 & **Coquina layer** & & & & \\ HS3 & Phosphate & & & & \\ HS4 & Phosphate & & & & \\ HS5-6 & Phosphate & & & & \\ HS7 & **Phosphatic marly limestone** & & & & \\ HS8 & Phosphate & & X & & \\ HS9-12 & **Phosphatic marly limestone** & & & & \\ HS13 & Phosphate & & & & \\ HS14 & **Phosphatic marly limestone** & X & & X & X \\ HS15-16 & **Phosphatic marly limestone** & & & & \\ HS17 & **Phosphatic marly limestone** & & & & \\ HS18 & Phosphate & & & & \\ HS19 & **Phosphatic marly limestone** & & & & \\ HS20 & Phosphate & & & & \\ HS21 & **Phosphatic marly limestone** & & & & \\ SH1 & Sand & & & & \\ SH2 & **Calcareous phosphate** & & & & \\ SH3-4 & **Sandy limestone** & & & & \\ SH5 & **Calcareous phosphate** & & & & \\ SH6-7 & **Sandy limestone** & & & & \\ SH8 & **Calcareous phosphate** & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Samples and the related analysis in this study. Figure 1: Paleogeographic maps of Jordan and Neo-Tethys during the Campanian and Eocene periods: (**A**) location position of HawarAl-Hisa and Al-Shidiyya sections in the southern Neo-Tethys showed that deposition of phosphate occurred in the epicontinental sea during Campanian period; and (**B**) location position of Al-Dhahikiyya during Eocene period represents the gateway from Al-Dhahikiyya into Neo-Tethys (modified after Refs. [33; 34]). Section 2: A total of 21 samples were collected from the bituminous chalk layer, veined chalk, phosphatic arenite, and the overlying chalk layers at Al-Dhaikiya (Figure 3). Three meters of dark bituminous chalk were found at the bottom. Siliceous chalk including nodules of barite \"desert roses\" overlies the bituminous chalk. Glauconite-bearing chalk appears with the increasing glauconite as we move upward and a layer of phosphatic-glauconitic arenite overlies it. Chalk appears again at the top of the section (Figure 3). This section is of the Eocene age, therefore it cannot be correlated to the other sections. Section 3: A total of 21 samples were taken from the marly limestones and phosphate layers at the Al-Hisa area. Five phosphate layers were recognized in the Al-Hisa mine (Figure 2C) and are bottomed with a coquina layer. The coquina layer mainly includes an accumulation of well-preserved _Lopha villi_. The coquina layer was not found in section 1. However, a round three-meter phosphate layer overlies the coquina. The five phosphate layers appear in various thicknesses and are intercalated with marly limestones, limestones, siliceous limestones, and cherts.