## 1 Introduction  
The future underwater operation mode is transforming towards intelligence, autonomy, and collaboration. Due to the limitations in size and payload of a single operational platform, its intelligent capabilities are insufficient for complex tasks in battlefield environments. Research on key technologies of underwater AUV multi-node systems provides new ideas for improving future underwater operation modes: Compared to traditional underwater acoustic or optical communication, underwater electric field communication has inherent advantages such as strong anti-interference capability, fast communication rate, and suitability for close-range multi-node communication. An AUV multi-node system composed of multiple platforms can obtain more comprehensive information compared to a single node. Different types of detection devices carried by multiple nodes can enhance the diversity of the multi-node system's functions, providing guarantees for completing complex tasks. The collaborative network coverage of the cluster system is large and can improve search efficiency by simultaneously obtaining information from multiple nodes. The number of nodes in the underwater multi-node cluster system is flexible, with strong scalability and resistance to failures of a single node, demonstrating high survival and adaptability capabilities. In recent years, wireless communication networks have been favored by people for their convenience, flexibility, and speed, making people's lives faster and more colorful. They have been widely used in various scenarios. Among them, ad hoc networks have received increasing attention, and routing protocols, as one of the most important components of ad hoc networks, have become a hot research direction. [PERSON] et al. [1] used NS-3.31 simulation to analyze the performance of OLSR, AODV, Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols under different conditions. It was observed that AODV had the highest average reception rate and average packet reception, DSDV consumed the least energy, while DSR consumed the most energy. [PERSON] et al. [2] compared the performance of AODV, OLSR, and DSDV routing protocols in multi-hop networks and observed the performance of various routing protocols in vehicle scenarios using the NS-3.31 network simulator. [PERSON] et al. [3] proposed two group key establishment and distribution protocols for secure multicast group communication among resource-constrained sensor nodes in the Internet of Things. In addition, using NS-3.31 simulations based on different nodes, the proposed protocols were examined for their relevance based on three different performance parameters: cost, overhead, and packet loss. [PERSON] et al. [4] proposed the idea of using cluster tokens to identify clusters, where the sender cluster checks the receiver cluster for identification before initiating any communication. They used the NS-3.31 simulator to simulate and verify their approach. [PERSON] et al. [5] proposed a wormhole tunnel node communication transmission model and simulated it using the DSR routing protocol in NS-3.31 under wormhole attack scenarios. [PERSON] [6] simulated Ad Hoc networks using the NS-3.31 network simulation tool and implemented the code development and debugging of an improved AODV routing protocol, improving network performance. [PERSON] et al. [7] proposed a transmission media access control (MAC) protocol based on Register Transfer Level (RLT) encoding without handshake and optimized the Acknowledge Character (ACK) frame format. The results showed that the optimized protocol can effectively reduce conflicts, improve transmission reliability, and save energy consumption. [PERSON] [8] proposed a dynamic backoff media access control (DB-MAC) protocol with dynamic backoff for handshake, which improves the utilization of underwater acoustic channels and demonstrates better network performance in experiments.