# O2O: An Underwater VLC Approach in Baltic and North Sea
## 5 Numerical Results  
In this section, we are presenting the analytical and simulation results. The performance metrics of the proposed system are obtained with the GG distribution under strong system configurations and channel fading. In this work, we have taken the experimental data for the whole year during 1996s in Baltic and North ocean meeting waters. It is noteworthy that the practical data has been taken up to 20 m vertical depth and 400 m horizontally in both of the oceans as proposed in [1]. In order to do that, we used practical data, such as temperature, salinity, and depth to calculate the \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) particles for each ocean. Additionally, we are considered the clear water in both of the oceans. Due to this, we have taken the value for extinction coefficient as \(c(\lambda)=0.15\), and the distance apart transceivers \(d_{t}=200\) m. Meanwhile, the electrical to optical responsivity \(r=0.28\) and photo-detector efficiency \(\eta=0.5\) has taken. The receiver aperture area of the receiver photo-detector is taken as \(a=1\) cm\({}^{2}\) with the vertical distance from the water surface of setup \(d=10\) m. The outage performances of the system model are observed with varying different vertical distances. The expressions in (17), (18), (20) and (21) are used to obtain the BER and outage probability performances for single and two layers of water in the whole work. The \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) particles on varying temperature, salinity, and depth are utilized to support the expected performance metrics in this study. In Figure 3, we observe the BER performance monthly basis of the proposed system in the North ocean during the whole year 1996s by using (17). It is clearly depicted as superior BER performance in the beginning of the year. While the best performance is obtained at the temperature (\(T=6\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) and salinity (\(S=34.5\) PSU) in February as compared with the other month's environmental conditions. Following the same approach as in the related existing work [14], the large and small scale parameters are chosen to validate the specified fading model. On the basis of corresponding temperature and salinity, the parameters \(\alpha_{N}=5.9156\) and \(\beta_{N}=4.3319\) have been taken. The performances are poorer incoming months of the year cause the temperature rising up and salinity decrease proportionally [27]. The poorest performance is depicted in August as the highest temperature and varying salinity. The system performance instantly improves when the temperature tends to rise up in February and March. The BER curves are showing superior performance in the first quarter of the year in low SNR conditions. Similarly, the BER performance has been depicted in Baltic ocean by utilizing the investigating expression (17) in Figure 4. The performance is fol  
Figure 3: The observation of BER performance for whole year in North ocean. The performances are simulated on monthly basis average temperature, conductivity in the year 1996s. in the North ocean on varying water physio-chemical properties depicted in Figure 3. It is clearly observed that the BER performances of the proposed system in the Baltic ocean are superior than the North ocean due to the nature of water. It is because of the less turbulent water medium and the temperature quite higher than the North ocean. It is noted that the performances are simulated by considering the clear ocean waters in both of the oceans. In Figure 4, it is also observed that the best performances during the first quarter of the year in low SNR conditions as compared with the North ocean. The best BER performance of the Baltic ocean is depicted during February at 24 dB while in the North ocean at 39 dB. The corresponding temperature and salinity parameters Baltic sea in February are (\(T=5\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) and (\(S=28.5\) PSU). On the basis of the related temperature and salinity, the large and small scale factors have been taken as \(\alpha_{B}=8.0375\) and \(\beta_{B}=6.5245\), respectively.