By integrating blockchain, the industry can ensure that energy transactions involving EVs are secure and efficiently managed, enhancing the overall reliability and stability of the grid. Figure 1 presents an overview of the roles that various producers, consumers, and prosumers (a combination of the two) play within the SG scenario, highlighting how blockchain technology can facilitate secure transactions among them. The new SG paradigm promises increased flexibility and reliability for the national grid by enabling distributed energy generation and providing attractive energy buying options for consumers through careful planning. However, several technical challenges still impede widespread SG deployment. A primary challenge is the instability associated with distributed energy generation from renewable sources like wind and solar, which contrasts with more stable energy sources, such as thermal and nuclear power. These fluctuations can lead to overall SG instability if not managed effectively. Additionally, the rise in EVs, while beneficial due to their low carbon footprint, introduces fluctuating and unpredictable loads in different parts of the network. This requires careful planning to ensure that the SG remains disruption-free and reliable. Another technical challenge is managing the synchronization of operating parameters, such as voltages and frequencies, with the national grid. This issue is exacerbated when DC sources, like solar power, are part of the energy distribution, necessitating complex algorithms to convert DC to AC and match the grid's frequency. The presence of multiple energy sellers and the integration of EVs also raise concerns about prioritizing energy sellers if their combined generation exceeds the total load demand. Unwanted oscillations can occur when buyers rapidly shift their energy purchases to cheaper sellers, driving up prices and causing frequent changes in buyer behavior. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are expected to address these issues by managing and balancing distributed energy generation and consumption. Cyber-attacks pose a significant threat to the secure operation of SGs. With a decentralized architecture, there is an increased risk of malicious attacks disrupting SG operations. This survey paper addresses key research challenges from an engineering design perspective of SG operation, including: (a) potential voltage instability in the SG caused by distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) and EVs, leading to rapid fluctuations in generation capacity and load demand; (b) the need for a synergistic balance to optimize the energy supply and demand equation, including incentives for green energy producers/consumers; (c) the challenge of national electricity carriers maintaining regulatory control over small market players while ensuring grid reliability; (d) integration issues with diverse microgrids using HVAC and HVDC technologies; (e) challenges related to the processing speed of energy transactions amid fluctuating prices and cyber-attacks on blockchain-based SG architectures; and (f) future trends such as increased EV penetration, which will drive advancements in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies, innovative load-shaping solutions, and dynamic energy pricing models. Additionally, this paper explores how AI-based techniques can stabilize SGs, particularly with extensive blockchain technology integration. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: Section 2 discusses the related work and recent developments. Section 3 discusses the concept and modalities of using parallel sources for SGs. Section 4 discusses the method of blockchain and smart contract-based technology for a multi-buyer seller environment. Section 5 discusses the role of blockchain in the SG network. Section 6 discusses the technological barriers and current challenges in SG operations after the integration of the EV industry.