# The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence: Theoretical Framework
## 3 Key Stakeholders in AI Democratization  
AI democratization entails the aforementioned trends, although it also involves a set of stakeholders who play crucial roles in shaping the accessibility, fairness, and ethical standards of AI technologies and end users' AI technology usage. These main stakeholders include technology companies, educational institutions, governments and regulatory bodies, non-profit organizations and civil society, users, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), community groups, and advocacy organizations. Technological giant companies like Google, Microsoft, and IBM are pivotal in AI democratization efforts. By open-sourcing AI models and investing in educational resources, these companies reduce barriers to AI adoption and foster a more inclusive AI ecosystem by providing free accounts to any user who wants to use their AI models [35; 36; 37]. Their initiatives not only democratize access to AI tools across industries but also drive productivity and innovation and provide access to all individuals in a freemium business model. Other key stakeholders that play an important role in democratizing AI are universities and research institutions, being fundamental in advancing AI knowledge and preparing the next generation of AI experts as motors to conduct research in AI, as well as providing the general skills for ethical usage of the AI technology [38; 39]. Collaborations between academia and industry can be essential for translating theoretical AI advancements into practical applications. These partnerships can ensure that AI education evolves alongside technological developments, equipping students with the skills needed to navigate complex AI landscapes and providing designed life-long learning programs to industry.  
Governments play a critical role in AI democratization by shaping policies and regulations that promote the equitable distribution of AI benefits [33; 34]. This includes funding AI research initiatives, supporting educational programs, and establishing ethical guidelines to address bias and privacy concerns. Regulatory bodies ensure that AI technologies are deployed responsibly and ethically, safeguarding societal interests while fostering innovation.  
Non-profit organizations and civil society groups are stakeholders that advocate for ethical AI practices and promote transparency in AI development and deployment [40; 41]. They engage in public discourse, raise awareness about AI's societal implications, and push for policies prioritizing human welfare and rights. These organizations ensure that AI technologies serve the public good and mitigate potential risks. Users are essential stakeholders in AI democratization, representing individuals and organizations interacting with AI technologies. Their feedback, preferences, and concerns shape the development and deployment of AI systems. User-centric design principles ensure that AI technologies meet usability standards, address user needs, and respect user privacy and security concerns. Local community groups and advocacy organizations represent diverse interests and voices in AI democratization efforts. They advocate for inclusive AI policies, address digital divides, and empower marginalized communities to participate in and benefit from AI advancements [42]. Their grassroots initiatives promote equity and social justice in AI development and deployment and in science evolution [43].  
SMEs play a vital role in AI democratization by leveraging AI technologies to innovate and compete in the global market. Accessible AI tools and resources enable SMEs to enhance productivity, optimize operations, and develop customized solutions tailored to business needs. Their involvement fosters economic growth and diversity in AI applications across various sectors [44; 45]. By recognizing and engaging with these diverse stakeholders, AI democratization can be guided by inclusivity, transparency, and societal benefit, ensuring that AI technologies serve the needs and interests of all stakeholders involved, including users.