## 8 Simulation Setup and Analysis of Results  
Real WSN environments use low-power radios because of their high asymmetrical communication range and stochastic link characteristics. Simulation results could be slightly different from realistic experimental results [43]. If we make simple assumptions regarding wireless radio propagation, then the simulation results could be significantly different from realistic wireless radio features and diverse transmission power. It is critical to select a simulator that produces results that are reasonably close to the real environment. Thus, for our experimental simulation setup, we use ns-2.35-RC7 because it produces results that are highly similar to real environments.  
In our experiments, the WSN is disseminated into N regions to collect information more quickly. We have simulated different realistic mobility- and static-based scenarios. The main goal of the simulation is to evaluate BN-MAC and compare it with other hybrid protocols, including Z-MAC, A-MAC, Speck-MAC, ADC-SMAC, and LPRT-MAC.  
The simulation scenarios consist of 105 nodes with a 30-m transmission range. The sensor nodes are uniformly and randomly placed in a geographical area of 300 \(\times\) 300 m\({}^{2}\). The area is divided into N number of 75 \(\times\)75 m\({}^{2}\) regions. The initial energy of each sensor node is set to 40 J. The bandwidth of the nodes is 50 kb/s, and the maximum power consumption for each sensor node is set at 16 mW. The sensing mode is 12 mW. Each sensor is capable of broadcasting the data at a power intensity ranging from \(-\)20 to 12 dBm.  
The total simulation time is 35 min, and the pause time is set to 30 s during phase initialization at the start of the simulation. During this phase, the BN is in the warm up phase, and the remaining sensor nodes are automatically in power-saving mode. The presented results are an average of 10 simulation runs. The simulation parameters are illustrated in Table 2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Parameters** & **Description** \\ Transmission Range & 30 m \\ sensor types & BT node sensors \\ Sensing Range of node & 10 m \\ Initial energy of node & 40 Joules \\ Bandwidth of node & 50 Kb/S \\ Number of sensors & 105 BT node rev-3 \\ Size of network & 300 \(\times\) 300 square meters \\ Size of each region & 75 \(\times\)75 square meters \\ Packet transmission rate & 30 Packets/Sec \\ Data Packet size & 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 bytes \\ Mobility model & Pheromone termite mobility model \\ Simulation time & 35 min \\ Initial pause time & 30 s \\ T\({}_{\mathrm{x}}\) energy & 16 mW, \\ R\({}_{\mathrm{x}}\) energy & 12 mW \\ Energy dissipation: actuation & 0.022 mJ \\ Power intensity & \(-\)20 to 12 dBm \\ Minimum Cycle time, T & 340 ms \\ Start time of BN-MAC & (0, 30) s \\ Sink location in each region & (60, 40) \\ MAC protocol & BN-MAC \\ Other MAC protocols & Z-MAC, A-MAC, Speck-MAC, ADC-SMAC, LPRT-MAC \\ Type of protocols & Hybrid protocols \\ Deployed models & IDM, LDSNS and AAS models \\ Mobility & 0.5 to 3.5 m/s \\ Delivery of data at varying sensing range & 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 m \\ Routing Protocol & EAP \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Parameter values used in the simulation WSN.