## 6 Conclusions  
1. According to the migration characteristics of overlying strata in the withdrawal space under different stopping coal caving distances in the working face, different stopping coal caving distances are divided into four stopping coal caving spans. Utilizing the theoretical analysis method, we have ascertained that a suitable stopping coal caving span should be within the range of 1 to 2 times the cycle weighting interval, and the optimal stopping coal caving distance is 30 m. Moreover, the \"S-R\" stability theory, which pertains to the \"masorny beam\" structure, has been employed to illustrate that at a stopping coal caving distance of 30 m, the critical blocks of the main roof are stable, with neither rotational nor sliding instability occurring between them.
2. Numerical simulation is used to analyze the migration of the overburden structure, vertical stress, and maximum shear stress evolution characteristics of the withdrawal space under different stopping caving distances and different fracture positions of the main roof. It is concluded that the overburden and stress distribution of the withdrawal space have obvious zoning characteristics, that is, the stopping coal caving filling area, the support area of the hydraulic support, the withdrawal channel area, and the stopping coal pillar area. When the distance of stopping coal caving is 30 m and the fracture position of the main roof is located above the goal, the range of the stress reduction area of coal and rock mass on the side of the withdrawal space and stopping coal pillar is greatly reduced, and the coal and rock mass still has good bearing and shear resistance.
3. The physical similarity model of the withdrawal space of the final mining under the typical stopping coal caving distance (0 m, 30 m) is constructed. The results show that the reasonable stopping coal caving can fully fill the goat under B and part of C1, slow down the rotation angle of B and C1 and the difficulty of the withdrawal space support, and protect the safe and efficient withdrawal of the support.
4. Based on the typical zoning characteristics of the withdrawal space overburden, an asymmetric zoning support control scheme for the withdrawal space is proposed. The real-time monitoring results of surrounding rock deformation show that the maximum roof subsidence in the withdrawal space is 151 mm and the maximum deformation of the stopping coal pillar is 82 mm. The anchoring strength of the anchor cable at the top of the withdrawal channel area > the anchoring strength of the anchor cable in the support area of the hydraulic support > the anchoring strength of the stopping coal pillar area. The deformation of the section of the withdrawal space meets the needs of safe and efficient withdrawal for the final mining stages.  
**Author Contributions:** Writing--original draft preparation, D.C. and Z.W.; writing--review and editing, D.C., S.Y., S.X. and F.H.; supervision, C.T. and Z.J.; funding acquisition, S.Y., D.C., S.X., F.H. and Z.J.; data curation, Z.W., D.L. and B.Q. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 2223004020170), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52004286), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374149), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52074296), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Ph.D. Top Innovative Talents Fund of CUMTB) (No. BBJ2024007).  
**Data Availability Statement:** The datasets generated or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.  
**Acknowledgments:** All the authors thank the above funds for their sponsorship support and thank the on-site technical personnel for their geological data sharing and test support.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.