esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction
For segmentation and pose estimation, the distance is usually less than 1 m.  
* We constructed a dataset with the ground truth of segmentation masks and 6D pose parameters to evaluate the performance of the algorithm of the system, namely the SIAT dataset. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 reviews related work. The details of the system and methodology are described in Section 3. Section 4 introduces the experimental setup and indicators, followed by a discussion of comparative experimental results to prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system. Section 5 concludes the paper.
## 2 Coordinate System  
### Ground (G) and Navigation (N) Coordinate System  
The navigation coordinate system is defined as a right-handed inertial frame, with its origin \(N\) located at the center of mass of the aircraft platform. The ground coordinate frame \(G\) is defined as a local-level Cartesian frame tangent to the Earth's surface at the imaging region, as illustrated in Figure 1. The ground coordinate system shares the same axis orientations as the navigation coordinate system, where the \(x\)-axis points toward true north, the \(y\)-axis points toward true east, and the \(z\)-axis aligns with the local vertical direction. In this system, \(G\) represents a reference point located on the geodetic plane.
## 5 Experimental Proof of Two Cache Timing Attacks
### Cache Timing Side-Channel Attacks
#### 5.1.1 Aes-128 T-Table  
The _AES-128 T-table_ implementation is a performance-optimized implementation of the _AES-128_. This implementation combines the three functions of an _AES_ round (_SubBytes_, _ShiftRows_ and _MixColumns_) in a single step using four pre-calculated look-up tables \(T_{0}\), \(T_{1}\), \(T_{2}\) and \(T_{3}\) of 1 kb (256 elements each comprising 32 bits) for the first 9 rounds of the algorithm. The last round also uses a pre-calculated look-up table \(T_{4}\) but for this table, the _MixColumns_ operation is excluded. The _AES-128 T-table_ uses a 16-byte plaintext \(p=(p_{0},p_{1},\ldots,p_{15})\) and a 16-byte key \(k=(k_{0},k_{1},\ldots,k_{15})\) as input. Equation (1) presents the structure of a round \(i\) (\(1\leq i\leq 9\)) that uses the 16-byte intermediate state \(S_{i}=(S_{i,0},S_{i,1},\ldots,S_{i,15})\) and the 16-byte round key \(k_{i}=(k_{i,0},k_{i,1},\ldots,k_{i,15})\) as inputs. The round \(i\) output is the intermediate state \(S_{i+1}\). The intermediate state \(S_{1}\) uses an _xor_ between the plaintext \(p\) and the key \(k\) as input.  
\[S_{i+1}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}T_{0}[S_{i,0}]\oplus T_{1}[S_{i,5}]\oplus T_ {2}[S_{i,10}]\oplus T_{3}[S_{i,15}]\oplus\{k_{i,0},k_{i,1},k_{i,2},k_{i,3}\}, \\ T_{0}[S_{i,
# Injury Patterns and Frequency in Swimming: A Systematic Review
## 4 Discussion
### Other Regions Affected  
While the shoulder remains the most injured region among swimmers, this review also underscores the knee and lumbar spine as prevalent sites of injury. Degenerative meniscal tears were the most frequently reported knee injury, accounting for 16.50 \(\pm\) 0.83% of cases [24, 29]. These injuries are often linked to the biomechanical demands of the breaststroke, which impose rotational and valgus stresses on the knee joint [35]. Such findings align with the work of [PERSON] et al. [24], who emphasized that the repetitive nature of the breaststroke kick, particularly when performed with improper technique or high intensity, amplifies knee joint stress and predisposes swimmers to overuse injuries.  
Regarding the lumbar spine, this review identified a high prevalence of disc degeneration, being reported in 68% of elite swimmers compared to 29% of recreational swimmers [24]. This disparity reinforces the influence of training intensity, duration, and cumulative load on spinal health. Previous studies attributed lumbar spine degeneration to the hyperextension and rotation required to maintain a streamlined body position, particularly in strokes such as butterfly and freestyle [35]. Butterfly and freestyle strokes place high stress on the lumbar spine because of the required hyperextension and rotation. Additionally, repeated flip turns and wall push-offs contribute to cumulative spinal load, increasing the risk of chronic pain and degenerative changes [24, 35].  
These findings underscore the necessity of targeted injury prevention strategies. For the knee, emphasis should be placed on optimizing breaststroke technique, improving lower limb strength, and reducing valgus stress through specific conditioning programs. For the lumbar spine, incorporating core stabilization exercises, monitoring training volume, and ensuring adequate recovery are critical to mitigating injury risks in competitive swimmers, especially those exposed to prolonged and intense training loads.
# Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Different Aroma Types of Chinese Yellow Tea
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Key Aroma Compounds in Different Aroma Types of Yellow Tea
In corn-like fragrance of yellow tea, styrene, \(\alpha\)-ionone, dehydro-\(\beta\)-ionone, dihydro-\(\beta\)-ionone, methyl heptone, geranyl acetone, toluene, \(\beta\)-cyclocitral, mesityl oxide, naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, \(\delta\)-cadinene, cedrol, \(\alpha\)-muurolene, heptanal, (_E_,_E_)-2,4-heptdiagneal, and l-menthone were identified as the key aroma compounds. Among them, styrene and toluene possessed'sweet balsam' and 'floral' odors, which were also detected in yellow tea, black tea and are considered to play an important role in the formation of their aroma characteristics [6; 8; 24]. In addition, mesityl oxide presents a 'honey' odor and has been found in green tea and yellow tea, which contributes to the formation of a characteristic'sweet' aroma [5; 37]. As an unsaturated aldehyde, (_E_,_E_)-2,4-heptdiagneal is derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and has 'fatty', 'green', and 'nutty' notes, and has been identified as a key aroma compound to form the special aroma of melons and green tea [37; 38]. In addition, characteristic aromas were also impacted by the interactions among volatile compounds or volatile and non-volatile compounds [39]. [PERSON] et al. revealed that mixed aroma compounds with similar structures mainly present a synergistic effect and additive action, and a masking effect was found among aroma compounds with different structures in oolong tea [39]. [PERSON] et al. also reported that the non-volatile higher alcohol content had an important impact on the characteristic aroma formation of wine [40; 41; 42].
# Assessment of Nerve Repair Augmented with Adipose-Derived Mast Cells in an Animal Model
## 1 Introduction  
Peripheral nerve injuries are common and pose a therapeutic challenge. More specifically, several medical and surgical therapeutic approaches have been suggested to re-establish nerve continuity with positive clinical results [1]. Augmented repair could offer improved outcomes and its potential benefits are currently being investigated [2]. Mast cells originate from hematopoietic progenitors and have terminal differentiation under local tissue environments [3]. They play key roles in inflammation modulation and tissue healing, but their role in nerve regeneration is not yet fully understood [1, 2, 3, 4].  
A recent study suggested that mast cells harvested from bone marrow could be involved in nerve injury repair, yet the authors could not specify which of the chemical mediators present in the cytoplasm have a more potent effect [5]. Immunohistochemistry, mast cells are positive to tryptase but also to mast cell kinase, and there is a positive association between the increased mast cell subpopulation and vascular density (CD34+). The link between mast cells and nerves has been studied mostly in the enteric nervous system, the liver, the urinary bladder and the skin. The connection between mast cells and nerves can appear in both physiological and pathological conditions. Neuronal mechanismsare involved in mast cell activation and, in turn, mast cells activate local inflammatory processes. Therefore, an increase in mast cells can lead to the activation of chemical mediators and degranulation [6]. In the peripheral nervous system, the implication of mast cells is currently linked to autoimmune diseases. For example, it was shown that mast cells can produce nerve growth factor (NGF) and react to its presence in an autocrine fashion [7].  
Autologous adipose-derived stem cells are currently used in many regenerative applications because they are easily harvested and are a suitable source of mesenchymal stem cells for therapy. In addition, they are considered supportive of axonal growth and may therefore aid with peripheral nerve repair [8]. [PERSON] et al. demonstrated that in mice, white adipose tissue stroma-vascular fraction contains precursors comparable to those found in bone marrow derivatives. These are able to become functional mast cells in peripheral organs such as the intestine and skin [9].  
We aimed to analyze the potential involvement of adipose-sourced mast cells in nerve repair in an experimental animal model.
# Evolution of V2X Communication and Integration of Blockchain for Security Enhancements
## 2 V2X Technology
### State-Of-The-Art V2X Communications
#### 2.2.2 Cellular V2X
It can interact with other nearby vehicles in a decentralized manner without depending on central cellular network connections. The Mode 4 in C-V2X showed better performance compared to the IEEE 802.11p protocol in several situations during an initial comparison [17]. Moreover, it provides high security for different operating modes.
###### Abstract  
The optimal solar radiation received on an inclined surface is always critical for energy purposes at a location or in an area. Therefore, many attempts have been made worldwide to calculate the optimum tilt angle for this purpose. The present study gives an answer about the south-oriented inclination or inclinations of solar panels in Greece for maximum efficiency. The analysis shows that an angle of 25\({}^{\circ}\) (and 30\({}^{\circ}\) in some cases) facing south is the most appropriate. To calculate this, the energy sums received on surfaces with inclination angles of 0-60\({}^{\circ}\) with a step of 5\({}^{\circ}\), including \(\varphi^{\circ}\) (\(\varphi\) being the geographical latitude) facing south at 33 locations in Greece were analyzed monthly, seasonally, and annually. The solar radiation data used in this work comes from corresponding typical meteorological years (TMYs) generated for the above locations. TMYs are used for the first time worldwide for the study of the optimum energy received by solar panels tilted south. Four new energy zones are defined to cover the whole of Greece.  
solar energy flat-plate convertors; optimum energy gain; south orientation; tilt angles; typical meteorological years; Greece +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
**Keywords:** solar energy flat-plate convertors; optimum energy gain; south orientation; tilt angles; typical meteorological years; Greece
# Development of a Multi-Radio Device for Dry Container Monitoring and Tracking
## 4 Results
### BLE Mesh Network  
This test shows the verification of the provisioning and communication of the BLE Mesh network, consisting of five nodes. Referring to Figure 9, one of the nodes was made the provisioner/client of the mesh, and all other four nodes were made the provisioned/server. The provisioner/client node is also the gateway for the NB-IoT/BLE Mesh networks, with the BG95 shield.  
The test showed that the device with the BG95 shield, after joining the NB-IoT cellular network, was able to provision a BLE Mesh network and forward messages to the ICON platform from the provisioned/server nodes. The devices that cannot connect to the NB-IoT cellular network were provisioned as BLE Mesh nodes and published messages to the ICON via the gateway.  
Figure 12 shows an example of how the data produced by the devices are monitored. Figure 13 shows the successful provisioning message displayed on the console of the client nodes. Figure 14 shows, as an example, the monitoring console of the client mesh node, with the payload of the data transmitted by the server; in Figure 15, the payload as published to the ICON platform via the client gateway node is shown.  
Figure 11: Data published to the ICON OneM2M-compliant platform.
# Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensors Networks
## 3 Network Model and Evidence Theory
### DS Evidence Theory  
DS evidence theory was put forward by [PERSON] and [PERSON] in the 1970s, and it can be used in information fusion and uncertainty inference. It establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the proposition and set, which has been successfully applied in data fusion, intelligent optimization, fault diagnosis, decision analysis etc. [28].  
This paper mainly adopts the basic probability assignment (BPA) function and DS evidence fusion rule, which is described below.  
Figure 1: The topology of the wireless sensor network (WSN).  
(1) Basic probability assignment function  
The frame of discernment \(\Theta\) is defined as a set of all possible values of the proposition \(A\), \(m(A)\) is the basic probability assignment (BPA) function on the frame of discernment \(\Theta\), that is the degree of support in proposition \(A\). If \(A_{\partial}\in\Theta\), \(m(A_{\partial})>0\), then \(A_{\partial}\) called focal element [29]. The BPA function satisfies the following demands:  
\[\left\{\begin{array}{l}m(\Phi)=0\,\Phi\ \textit{is null}\\ \sum\limits_{\partial=1}^{n}m(A_{\partial})=1\end{array}\right. \tag{2}\]  
(2) DS evidence fusion rules  
Suppose \(m_{1}\) and \(m_{2}\) are two BPA functions over the same frame of discernment \(\Theta\), and the focal elements are included in \(A=\{A_{1},A_{2},\ldots,A_{k}\}\). Then the orthogonal sum of these two evidences \(m_{1}\) and \(m_{2}\) is:  
\[m(A)=(m_{1}\oplus m_{2})(A)\ =\left\{\begin{array}{ll}0&,A=\Phi\\ \sum\limits_{\begin{subarray}{c}A_{\partial}\cap A_{\partial}\
eq\Phi\\ (1-K)\end{subarray}}&,A\
eq\Phi,A\subset\Theta\end{array}\right. \tag{3}\]  
where \(1\leq\partial,\beta\leq k\), \(K=\sum\limits_{A_{\partial}\cap A_{\beta}=\Phi}m_{1}(A_{\partial})m_{2}(A_{ \beta})\), \(A_{\partial}\cap A_{\beta}=\Phi\) denotes proposition \(A_{\partial}\) and \(A_{\beta}\) are completely in conflict.  
The above is an example of two evidences. When more than two evidences are needed as decision-making indexes, we fuse the first two evidences according to Equations (2) and (3), and then fuse the result as new evidence with the third evidence, so as to get the final fusion result by analogy.
# Microscopic Multiple Fatigue Crack Simulation and Macroscopic Damage Evolution of Concrete Beam
## 3 Fatigue Modeling of Three-Point Bending Beams
### Influence of Stress Level on Fatigue Behaviors  
Figure 10 shows different failure patterns under various stress levels, where (a) and (b) represent the final crack configurations at low stress level (\(S=0.4\)) and high stress level (\(S=0.9\)), respectively.  
It could be observed that under low fatigue stress level, a relatively smaller number of microcracks propagate during the failure process. Rupture of the beam is mainly caused by one macrocrack, so the damage is highly localized. While in high fatigue stress situation, it could be seen that a relatively larger number of cracks have been propagating, thus macrocracks appear in large quantities. In rupture  
Figure 9: Evolution of crack diagrams.  
state, macroracks scatter over the entire area. Calculated failure modes are basically consistent with the observed ones in literature [35], which could verify the effectiveness of the numerical model. In the experimental observation, macroracks firstly emerge at certain local areas. Further crack progression will lead to final failure. It shall be emphasized that the experimental observation phenomenologically agrees with our numerical results. Quantitative agreement is limited.
## 4 Strength Prediction Model
### Establishment of Strength Prediction Model
The calculation formula of MAPE is as follows:  
\[\mathrm{MAPE}=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=0}^{T}\frac{\left|\mathrm{Y_{i}}-\mathrm{Y_{ ip}}\right|}{\mathrm{Y_{i}}}\times 100 \tag{10}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Regression** & **Independent** & & & \\
**Coefficients** & **Variable** & & & \\ \hline \(\beta_{0}\) & Constant term & \(-36148.5\) & \(-4.63784\) & \(0.000115\) \\ \(\beta_{1}\) & \(\mathrm{D_{mac}}\) & \(12082.66\) & \(4.646216\) & \(0.000112\) \\ \(\beta_{2}\) & \(\mathrm{V_{mac}}\) & \(40771.45\) & \(4.464933\) & \(0.000177\) \\ \(\beta_{3}\) & \(\mathrm{D_{mac}}\times\mathrm{V_{mac}}\) & \(-13621.8\) & \(-4.47106\) & \(0.000174\) \\ Equation Expression & \(\mathrm{R^{2}}=0.940344\) & & \(p=6.34957\times 10^{-11}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Calculation results of multiple linear regression of independent variables. Figure 6: Fitting relationship between the propotion of macropores and compressive strength. In Formula (10), T is total number of data samples, n is forecast periods number, Yi is the actual value of the variable in the period i, Yip is the prediction value of the variable in period i. By substituting the data in Tables 4 and 5 into Formula (9) and Formula (10), it turns out that MAPE equals 4.9841%. In conclusion, the expression of sandstone -like material strength prediction model established in this paper has a high correlation coefficient and small MAPE. Therefore, Formula (9) can be used as the model expression for the next analysis.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Compressive and Flexural Strength  
#### 3.4.1 Compressive Strength  
Figure 9 shows the change in compressive strength of UHPC with different water-to-binder ratio, superplasticizer dosage, and steel fiber content. It can be seen that the compressive strength increased distinctly with higher fiber content for UHPC mixtures with the same water-to-binder ratio. When the fiber content increased from 0% to 3%, the average increase of compressive strength for 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, and 0.24 water-to-binder ratio mixtures were 59.1%, 53.9%, 49.8%, and 38.9%, respectively. As we know, increased steel fiber content could decrease the average space between fibers, which made  
Figure 8: The relationship between the flowability and entrapped air content. (**a**) steel fiber 0%; (**b**) steel fiber 1%; (**c**) steel fiber 2%; (**d**) steel fiber 3%.  
more fibers sustain the load and leads to multi-cracks. Moreover, the addition of steel fiber delays the formation and propagation of cracks, and, thus, resulted in an increase of strength [14]. On the other hand, the increased strength might be directly related to the reduction of entrapped air content [23].  
For the low water-to-binder ratio of 0.18, a greater addition of superplasticizer reduced the compressive strength. For other water-to-binder ratios, the increase of superplasticizer dosage either increases or decreases the effect on compressive strength. For most of mixtures, the lower compressive strength could be attributed to the increase of entrapped air content in the fresh mixture.  
The addition of steel fiber has a great influence on the failure mode of a UHPC specimen, as shown in Figure 10. The UHPC specimens without steel fiber have the typical characteristic of brittle failure under uniaxial compression. A loud noise occurred upon failure, and the specimen was completely crushed (small particle spalled). The addition of steel fiber increased the ductility of UHPC to some extent [3]. The specimen was almost intact after the compressive strength test, with only minor cracks on the surface and damaged particles connected by steel fibers.  
Figure 9: Compressive strength and air content of UHPC mixtures (column is strength and line is air content). (**a**) \(w/b=0.18\); (**b**) \(w/b=0.20\); (**c**) \(w/b=0.22\); (**d**) \(w/b=0.24\).
## 3 Proposed Electronically Tunable VM QQ with Amplitude of Output Current  
The biquad in Figure 2 can be used as the proposed QQ with output current amplitude, when V\({}_{\text{i1}}\) and V\({}_{\text{i2}}\) are connected to the ground while V\({}_{\text{i3}}\) and V\({}_{\text{i4}}\) are connected to V\({}_{\text{o1}}\) and V\({}_{\text{o2}}\), respectively. The current output terminal of g\({}_{\text{m4}}\) in Figure 2 can be the AM/ASK modulated current output terminal, as shown in Figure 3. The characteristic equation of the electronically controllable OTA-C QQ with amplitude of output current can be obtained as in Equation (10).  
\[\text{s}^{2}\text{C}_{1}\text{C}_{2}\text{g}_{\text{m1}}+\text{s}(\text{C}_{1 }\text{g}_{\text{m2}}-\text{C}_{2}\text{g}_{\text{m1}})\text{g}_{\text{m3}}+ \text{g}_{\text{m1}}\text{g}_{\text{m2}}\text{g}_{\text{m3}}=0 \tag{10}\]  
Figure 3: Proposed VM OTA-C QQ with amplitude of output current.  
Thus, CO and FO of the electronically controllable OTA-C QO are as follows:  
\[\text{CO}:\ \text{C}_{1}\text{g}_{\text{m}2}\leq\text{C}_{2}\text{g}_{\text{m}1} \tag{11}\]  
\[\text{FO}:\ \text{f}_{\text{o}}=\frac{1}{2\pi}\sqrt{\frac{\text{g}_{\text{m}2} \text{g}_{\text{m}3}}{\text{C}_{1}\text{C}_{2}}} \tag{12}\]  
From Equations (11) and (12), CO can be controlled independently from FO by varying \(\text{g}_{\text{m}1}\), and FO can be controlled by \(\text{g}_{\text{m}3}\). Hence, the proposed QO in Figure 3 has independent electronic control of CO and FO. The two output voltages, \(\text{V}_{\text{o}1}\) and \(\text{V}_{\text{o}3}\), of the proposed QO can be expressed as:  
\[\frac{\text{V}_{\text{o}1}}{\text{V}_{\text{o}3}}=-\frac{\text{g}_{\text{m}1} }{\text{s}\text{C}_{1}} \tag{13}\]  
For sinusoidal steady state, Equation (13) becomes:  
\[\frac{\text{V}_{\text{o}1}}{\text{V}_{\text{o}3}}=\frac{\text{g}_{\text{m}1} }{\omega_{\text{o}}\text{C}_{1}}\text{e}^{\text{j}90^{\circ}} \tag{14}\]  
Based on Equation (14), the proposed QO has two sinusoidal signal voltages with \(90^{\circ}\) phase difference. Furthermore, the output current \(\text{I}_{\text{AM/ASK}}\) can be obtained as:  
\[\text{I}_{\text{AM/ASK}}=\text{g}_{\text{m}4}\text{V}_{\text{o}2} \tag{15}\]  
The amplitude of the sinusoidal signal \(\text{I}_{\text{AM/ASK}}\) can be independently controlled by the OTA's \(\text{g}_{\text{m}4}\) transconductance gain. The value of \(\text{g}_{\text{m}4}\) can be varied through its \(\text{I}_{\text{B4}}\). This means that the value of \(\text{g}_{\text{m}4}\) can be tuned by \(\text{I}_{\text{B4}}\) without affecting CO and FO. Therefore, if a modulation signal is applied to \(\text{I}_{\text{B4}}\), the AM/ASK signals can be realized from \(\text{I}_{\text{AM/ASK}}\). In addition, the output current \(\text{I}_{\text{AM/ASK}}\) port has high impedance. The load can be easily driven without using a buffering device.