## 2 Materials and Methods  
### The Use of RFID and POS Data in Retail Management Studies  
In order to increase the efficiency and flexibility of retail management, the emergence has occurred of opportunities to adapt the organization's operating activities to constantly changing market conditions. Why is RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology so prevalent in the retail industry and why is it so important? Normally, RFID can provide real-time data, reduce product loss, reduce inventory loss, increase revenue, improve information quality, improve customer service, improve operational performance, and improve the security of tagged products, all while reducing costs [24; 25]. On the other hand, there are challenges in implementing RFID in the retail sector, such as lack of standardization, higher costs, employee resistance, and business process revision. The most common issue that needs to be addressed before implementing RFID in the retail sector is the privacy issue [23]. Therefore, in order to anonymize the collected RFID data in the experiment conducted in this research, RFID tags were attached to the shopping carts, and not to the clients or goods. Due to the huge amount of data used by RFID, data integration issues are also very tedious, so the business process needs to be redesigned. RFID is a contactless wireless technology that reads and records RFID-marked shopping carts in the air using radio frequency waves [26]. RFID tags have a data storage capacity of up to 2 kilobytes (KB). Just as barcode technology collects data from a tag or sticker and stores it in a database, RFID does the same. On the other hand, RFID has several advantages over barcoding. For example, RFID tags and logos can be read from a long distance, while barcodes require scanning from a close distance to read [12]. RFID tags are faster to read than barcodes and allow multiple tags to be recognized simultaneously, while barcodes require the scanning of each label or tag separately. Thus, Figure 1 shows that the actual information on financial transactions of clients in the store in POS data and tracking of customer movements using RFID technologies are integral elements of the retail management system. The management subject in real-time, with the help of \"machines\", collects data on its clients, based on the analysis of which, through a flexible integration architecture, management decisions are developed and made regarding changes to the management system [15; 27]. Fundamental RFID and POS analytics analyzes various variables depending on the specific goals and objectives of the company. Some of the most common variables that may be analyzed are:  
1. Sales: Analyzes sales data, including total sales, number of items sold, average order value, sales dynamics over time, and other sales-related metrics. 2. Inventory: Examines inventory data, including the number of items in stock, inventory levels, inventory turnover rate, and other metrics related to inventory management. 3. Buying behavior: Analyzes buying behavior data, such as popular items, purchasing patterns, purchasing frequency, customer preferences, and other factors that can help understand customer preferences and needs. 4. Prices and discounts: Examines data on product prices, discount levels, the effectiveness of various promotions and campaigns, and their impact on sales and buying behavior. 5. Supply data: Data on the supply of goods is examined, including information on suppliers, delivery times, quality of deliveries and other parameters related to the supply of goods. Figure 1: The interaction between the managerial subject and intellectual agents of the POS and RFID systems of the retailer. 6. Location data: Data on the movement of goods within a store or warehouse, as well as on the movement of goods within the supply chain, is analyzed. These are just a few examples of variables that can be analyzed as part of fundamental RFID and POS data analytics. Depending on the specific needs and goals of the company, other variables may be identified for analysis.