## 3 Results  
The statistical analysis showed that HT was consistently shorter in all cases treated with Aminogam gel (\(p<0.001\)) regardless the kind of surgery. More precisely, the HT was found to be at least 3 days less (approximately the 21%) in Group A patients (teeeth extractions--only mandibular molars), at least 4 days less (approximately the 28%) in Group B patients (teeeth extractions in patients taking BPs), at least 7 days less (approximately the 25%) in Group C patients (MRONJs with surgical resection of the necrotic bone), at least 3 days less (approximately the 33%) in Group D patients (endosseous implants), at least 6 days less (approximately the 28%) in Group E patients (diode laser excisions), at least 4 days less (approximately the 25%) in Group F patients (diode laser photocoagulations) and at least 6 days less (approximately the 26%) in Group G patients (bone surgery). Overall, the average value of time reduction was at least 26% regardless of the type of surgical procedure. All the results are summarized in Table 1.  
Moreover, all the experimental subgroups showed complete healing of surgical sites without complications; In contrast, several complications such as inflammatory reaction, wound dehiscence and delayed HT were recognized among control cases (18%-20% of cases). Careful descriptions of different clinical cases of different groups have been reported in Figure 1a-h, Figures 2a-h and 3a-h.  
Histological analysis of the surgical specimens, obtained from patients of the experimental D group, highlighted the prevalence of abundant old collagen in sites treated with Aminogam(r) gel; such data were confirmed by contextual CLSM analysis showing a higher fluorescence of collagen along with less vascular density (Figure 4a,b). In opposition, histological examination of samples obtained from control cases of D group showed a less mature connective tissue with abundant inflammatory infiltrate, young collagen with fibroblasts characterized by round nuclei and high vascular density, all confirmed by CLSM analysis (Figure 4c,d). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **N** & **HT (Means \(\pm\) SD)** & **_p Value_** \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{GROUP A: 120 teeth extractions (only inferior molars)} \\ \hline CASE & 60 & 10.10 \(\pm\) 0.75 & \\  & 60 & \textless{}0.001 \\ CONTROL & & 14.20 \(\pm\) 1.04 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{GROUP B: 60 teeth extractions in patients taking BPs} \\ \hline CASE & 30 & 9.60 \(\pm\) 1.38 & \\  & & \textless{}0.001 \\ CONTROL & 30 & 14.67 \(\pm\) 0.48 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{GROUP C: 100 MRONJs with surgical resection of the} \\  & & \textless{}0.001 \\ CONTROL & 50 & 25.30 \(\pm\) 0.46 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{GROUP D: 80 endosseous implants} \\ \hline CASE & 40 & 6.93 \(\pm\) 0.73 & \\  & & \textless{}0.001 \\ CONTROL & 40 & 10.58 \(\pm\) 1.06 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{GROUP E: 140 diode laser excisions} \\ \hline CASE & 70 & 14.14 \(\pm\) 1.00 & \\  & & \textless{}0.001 \\ CONTROL & 70 & 21.21 \(\pm\) 1.43 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{GROUP F: 40 diode laser photocoagulations} \\ \hline CASE & 20 & 11.95 \(\pm\) 0.69 & \\  & & \textless{}0.001 \\ CONTROL & 20 & 16.30\(\pm\)0.86 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{GROUP G: 40 bone surgery} \\ \hline CASE & 20 & 16.60 \(\pm\) 1.05 & \\  & & \textless{}0.001 \\ CONTROL & 20 & 23.05 \(\pm\) 0.76 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Statistical analysis of results for each group with controls. Figure 1: GROUP A: necrotic roots of 4.7 (**a**) and 3.6 (**b**) removed with margins closure by stitches (**c**,**d**). Aminogam® gel was applied within the alveolar socket and upon stitches only on the left side (**d**) After 5 days, stitches were removed exclusively on the left side (**f**), while the right one showed signs of flogosis and uncompleted healing (**e**). After 8 days, 3.6 site showed sockets closure and gingival healing (**h**), while stitches were removed by 4.7 socket which still appeared to be not completely healed (**g**).