## 5 Performance Evaluation
### Simulation Environment  
This 3D-UWSN was implemented in Network Simulation Ns3.26, which is suitable for designing a 3D-UWSN. AquaSim is one of the most important modules in Ns3 for simulating the underwater sensor environment, and it is supplemented by other modules for network model creation. However, this is a simulation environment; it supports with important network modules that enable the creation of a real-world environmental setup. The simulation parameters are not limited in any way. The simulation was carried out using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with a 32-bit CPU.  
The parameters that were used in the DEDG 3D-UWSN simulation are illustrated in Table 2. These are the significant specifications, but these parameters were not limited. The Ns3.26 was installed onto an Ubuntu 14.04 operating system, which was supported on a 32-bit system. Ns3.26 simulator is flexible for designing a 3D-UWSN with the processes of clustering, scheduling, inter-cluster routing, event transmission and the movement of the AUV. As discussed in previous section, each process was handled as per the designed algorithms.  
According to the simulation environment, the process in this research was performed as shown in Figure 4. As per the simulation, once the data arecollected from all the CHs in a level, then the simulation is completed. Meanwhile, the performance of this simulation setup is evaluated in terms of performance metrics.  
The Ns3 simulation environment was programmed in C++ language, and Python was used for compiling the designed DEDG 3D-UWSN. The result obtained in Ns3 was executed, and the visualization is shown in Figure 5. In this network, the proposed algorithms were applied, and the results were evaluated.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Specification**} \\ \hline  & Simulation area & \(1000\times 1000\times 1000\) \\  & Number of underwater sensors & \(100\) \\  & Number of sensors in level I & \(50\) \\  & Number of sensors in level II & \(50\) \\
3D-UWSN entities & Number of AUVs & \(2\) \\  & Number of gateways & \(1\) \\  & Number of surface sinks & \(1\) \\  & Number of clusters in each level & \(5\)–\(7\) \\  & Simulation time & \(300\) s \\ \hline  & & AquaSim, Antenna, Config \\  & Modules used & Store, CSMA, LTE, AODV, \\  & Mesh, Mobility, DSR, Flow \\  & & Monitor and Internet \\ \hline  & Packet size & \(512\) kb \\  & Total number of packets & \(200\) \\ Underwater sensor & Packet time interval & \(100\) ms \\ parameters & Data rate & \(10\)–\(20\) Mbps \\  & Initial energy per sensor & \(100\) J \\  & Transmission range & \(400\) m \\ \hline  & & \\ \hline  & & \\ \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c} \hline \hline Dedare Simulation area (\(c\),\(y\),\(z\)) and \\ deploy sensors nodes randomly on \\ Level I and Level II and two AUVs \\ \hline  & & \\ \end{As shown in Figure 6, the proposed DEDG 3D-UWSN design is suitable for a variety of real-world applications; here, specifically, it is demonstrated for an underwater pipeline monitoring system. The underwater pipelines are monitored by the deployed underwater sensors. The mobile AUV collects data from the sensors and delivers it to the surface sink. In case of any leakage in the pipeline, it is measured by the sensors and immediately reported to the AUV for faster recovery. Since this work supports normal data collection with limited delay and energy consumption, it is applicable for other applications.  
Figure 5: Ns3 Setup for DEDG 3D-UWSN.  
Figure 6: Application scenario.