# Intelligent Traffic Model for Unmanned Ground Vehicles Based on DSDV-AODV Protocol
## 2 Method
### Dsdv-Aodv  
#### 2.3.1 Work Mechanism of the Protocol  
The DSDV-AODV protocol was designed to send the collision signal as early as feasible in order to rearrange traffic. Many criteria were considered when utilizing VANET routing protocols that used UDP. The suggested protocol is a hybrid of the DSDV (proactive) and AODV (reactive) protocols. The DSDV-AODV protocol is depicted in Figure 2. Each RSU has a routing table that specifies all accessible destinations, the number of hops required to get there, and the node sequence number. To avoid overlap, the sequence number is utilized to distinguish between old and new recordings. The RSU station communicates its routing table to all surrounding RSUs on a regular basis, as well as the schedule in the case of a significant change in the routing table, and therefore depends on the transmission time and intensity of events. If there are two routes in the same sequence, the higher sequence number (the newest) or the best measure (the shortest path) is delivered. Instead of constructing a routing database containing all routes, the AODV routing algorithm improves on the DSDV method by creating a route constraint on demand and the most recent item in the routing table. Instead of the proactive routing table, the interactive routing table is established. A path request packet is broadcast by the collision source or event. The neighbor nodes then broadcast a request to neighbor nodes until the request reaches the target RSU. A route-reply packet is created to respond to the request with only the most recent information. When an event happens, the source sends a Route Request Message (RREQ) to RSU to be included, and the routes are readjusted using a Route Error \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline Environment size & 1000 \(\times\) 1000 m\({}^{2}\) \\ Number of UAVs & 200 \\ UAV location & 35, 75 \\ Simulation time & 3400 s \\ Transmission range & 2450 m \\ Packet size & 50 bytes \\ Energy for dissipation & 100 pJ/bit \\ Wireless standardization & IEEE802.11P \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Simulation setup parameters. Figure 1: Application of the network simulation model on the OMNET++ emulator. Message (RRER) until all routes are repaired. A Route Request-Reply (RRER) is a message sent in a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) to reply to a Route Request (RREQ) message in order to establish a route between two nodes. The RRER message contains the source address, the destination address, the total hop count, and the hop-by-hop sequence of the route. Algorithm 1 shows the integration of proactive and reactive routing protocols. ``` Input: accident signal Output: rearrange traffic table Method: Hybrid DSDV-AODV protocol Protocol table: all accessible destinations \(\mid\mid\) the number of hops required to get there \(\mid\mid\) the node sequence number. Receive traffic information period updates If an accident signal is active then If the shortest path found in the RSU routing table \(\quad



that this capability creates a DSDV that has the lowest possible routing overhead compared to other routing protocols. AODV is a routing protocol created for VANET, where this algorithm will create a path between nodes only when desired by the source node. AODV keeps the path for as long as the source node needs it. AODV uses sequence numbers to ensure that the resulting route is loop-free and contains the latest routing information. In AODV, each node is responsible for maintaining the route information that is stored in its routing table. At the time of data transmission, if there is a change in the topology that causes a node to be unreachable using the route information in the routing table, the node will send an RRER path error packet to its neighboring node and the neighboring node will send RRER again and so on until it reaches its destination source node. Each node that receives an RRER will delete the error information in its routing table.