# Evaluation Methodology for Circular and Resilient Information Systems
## 5 Conclusions  
This study makes significant contributions to the fields of information systems and sustainability by introducing a novel evaluation methodology for circular and resilient information systems (CRISs). It addresses the critical need to assess these systems beyond traditional metrics like efficiency and user satisfaction. The methodology provides a replicable tool for practitioners to evaluate CRIS across diverse industries, as demonstrated in the aforementioned case studies. Furthermore, this research supports companies in enhancing circularity and resilience and has policy implications, advocating for regulatory frameworks to support the adoption and evaluation of CRIS in manufacturing systems. Thus, this study effectively bridges the gap between theory and practice, advancing both academic research and practical implementations in circular and resilient information systems. Focusing on circularity and resilience, this study addresses gaps in traditional assessment methods and bridges the gap between theory and practice. Additionally, its application to diverse case studies and consideration of policy implications further solidify its practical relevance and potential impact on shaping sustainable industrial practices. Our approach can be utilised as guidance and can be replicated in other manufacturing industries following the practical example of the CRIS system implemented in the context of the Plooto EU project, offering a tool for practitioners to access relevant, innovative information systems and technologies. This research also has limitations that highlight an avenue for further research. Initially, as the system is based on emerging technologies that are, in turn, utilised in a novel manner (a combination of a CIS and RIS) to enable parallel benefits, the evaluation of such a system is also novel. As such, further research is required on new CRIS systems. Another limitation stems from the selected cases and their potentially limiting scope imposed on the system. Although the cases are from diverse manufacturing contexts and the SRM included in this research is of high importance in the European economic landscape, the case remains that different cases would require different pilot KPIs and, as such, a CRIS should account for (and be evaluated on) them as well. As such, further studies could investigate the integration of more advanced KPIs, such as those related to social sustainability, to create an even more holistic evaluation framework. In this direction, further research on different SRM and manufacturing sectors, as well as different geographic regions, will enable the CRIS evaluation methodology to be validated and extended, respectively, in further diverse contexts. These future directions would help refine and expand the applicability of our methodology, ensuring it remains relevant as technologies and sustainability practices evolve. Conceptualisation, S.L. and A.K. ; methodology, A.K. and S.L. ; validation, S.L. ; formal analysis, T.F. ; investigation, S.L., T.F., A.K. and M.A. ; resources, A.K., T.F. and M.A. ; data curation, A.K., T.F. and M.A. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.L., A.K. and T.F. ; writing--review and editing, S.L., A.K., T.F. and M.A. ; visualisation, S.L. ; supervision, S.L. ; project administration, S.L. ; funding acquisition, S.L., T.F., A.K. and M.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, for Plooto project under grant number 101092008 and The APC was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant number 101092008. Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.