## 9 Conclusions  
The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry faces persistent challenges that impede growth and productivity. Despite efforts to digitize the industry, issues such as cost inefficiencies, project delays, and poor decision making remain prevalent. The literature highlights that AEC is one of the least digitally developed industries globally. Although technologies like Building Information Modeling (BIM) and systematic approaches like Value Engineering (VE) have demonstrated potential, their full capabilities remain underutilized. This study addresses this gap by proposing a framework that integrates both BIM and VE, implemented in a prototype model. The framework supports the evaluation and ranking of design alternatives based on multiple criteria, providing decision-makers with valuable tools for optimizing construction outcomes.  
The results from the case study demonstrated significant improvements from the integration of VE and BIM, particularly in office building projects. For example, the framework led to a 20% reduction in reinforced concrete (RC) slab costs and a 39% reduction in flooring material costs. These findings underline the benefits of integrating VE and BIM, which can be summarized as follows:  
Figure 35: The alternative score values.  
Figure 36: Apply the selected idea to the BIM model.  
* Centralized data management: the use of a Common Data Environment (CDE) provides a centralized repository for all project data, allowing stakeholders to access and manage information efficiently from any location.
* Efficiency in documentation and calculations: BIM reduces time spent on documentation, quantity take-offs, and cost estimations by automating these processes.
* Enhanced visualization: 3D modeling in BIM aids the VE team in visualizing project elements, identifying areas for improvement, and generating innovative ideas early in the design phase.
* VEIDEA data bank: a structured VEIDEA data bank, based on the OmniClass classification system, allows for efficient storage, management, and retrieval of VE ideas, improving the decision making process.
* Improved design process: the VE-BIM integration add-in assists design teams in reviewing past VE ideas and making informed decisions during the design phase, saving time and improving outcomes.
* Streamlined VE study: the VE-BIM integration add-in also aids VE teams during the Value Engineering study by providing easy access to past ideas and enabling a more efficient review process.
* Automated decision making: the use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the evaluation phase automates the ranking of alternatives, helping to prioritize design solutions based on multiple criteria.
* Accurate cost estimation: linking the BIM model with MasterFormat classifications allows for more accurate and reliable cost estimates throughout the Value Engineering process.  
The findings from this study align with previous research on the advantages of integrating VE and BIM in construction projects. The synergy created by combining these approaches, supported by a Common Data Environment, has the potential to transform the construction industry by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing project outcomes. This framework equips designers and VE teams with the tools necessary to develop cost-effective buildings that meet client requirements.  
In terms of its contribution to the field, this study represents the first comprehensive attempt to integrate BIM and VE within a Common Data Environment for pre-construction decision making. The practical implications for industry professionals are significant, as the framework offers clear benefits in terms of integration, visualization, structured data management, and automated evaluation.