# Environmentally Friendly Anticorrosive Polymeric Coatings
## 2 Anticorrosive Coating Market and Its Challenges  
Corrosion affects countless industries. One of the most significant success stories in corrosion control is the change in corrosion management strategy and application of innovative technology in the automotive industry, as highlighted by NACE's report [11]. Before 1975, car manufacturers used minimal protective solutions and corrosion was costing the industry billions of US$ annually. Since 1975, corrosion management solutions started to be implemented by car manufacturers, leading to an annual savings in 1999 compared to 1975 of 9.6 billion US$ or 52% in corrosion-related manufacturing and operation costs of vehicles. As result, cost of corrosion per unit of new vehicle decreased by 44% in 1999 compared to 1975 (Figure 1). Figure 1: Corrosion-related costs on new vehicle manufacturing in 1999 compared to 1975. Numbers are adjusted for inflation. Corrosion protection coatings are applied on a wide range of surfaces to guarantee the function and integrity of the part from damage due to the environment. The global protective coating market was valued in 2018 at EUR 26.5 billion. The research made by the IRL group estimated 7.4 million tons in volume in 2018, with growth expectations of more than 2 million tons by 2023 [12; 13]. The region that will be responsible for the major volume increase is Asia-Pacific, with the largest consumption of these coatings systems, representing 84% of the total global volume (6.2 million metric tons) in 2018. In terms of consumption, the American continent consumed 0.5 million tons (7% of the total global volume) last year, and Europe 0.4 million tons. According to the IRL group and the European Council of the Paint, Printing Ink, and Artist's Colours Industry (CEPE), a slight growth is expected for both markets in 2023 (Figure 2). The demand is highly related with public expenditure on infrastructure and the growth of the increasing demand from power generation, but also automotive and transport, and oil and gas sectors. Therefore, global paints and coating markets is expected to have a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.5% from 2020 to 2021. Nevertheless, due to the outbreak of COVID-19, predictions of CAGR now reach 4% for 2025 because of companies rearranging operations, such as remote working or closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational changes [14; 15; 16]. The cost of coating materials for a maintenance overhaul ranges between 5 to 21% of the total costs while surface preparation accounts for about 45% of the total. Although spending on high-performance anticorrosive coatings systems, such as high performance epoxy polyamide, urethane or zinc-rich systems, may look expensive, it may make savings of nearly 40% when service life is greater than 10 years [2]. Organic coatings are the most widely used coatings for corrosion protection of metallic materials especially in transport (e.g., automobiles, aircraft, ships, etc.) and infrastructure sector (e.g., pipelines, bridges, buildings, etc.) [17]. However, it is worth mentioning non-polymeric anticorrosive solutions that have a major industrial role like: phosphates [18], chromates [19], silicates [20], and metallic coatings (anodizing, galvanized, electroplating, thermal spray, cladding) [21; 22; 23]. While on one hand they show outstanding anticorrosive properties, on the other hand they need to be replaced with more environmentally friendly technologies (no generation of sludge, avoid the use of toxic substance, etc.). For example, the elimination of hexavalent chromium and heavy metals in general (lead, mercury) from coating formulation and coating processes is still an important topic for the anticorrosive coating sector and especially for the aerospace industry [24].