## 5 Discussion  
### Visual Aesthetic Evaluation and Psychological Verification of Place Identity  
Our results show that people's visual perception of different landscape elements has significant differences; the aesthetic evaluation of landscape elements significantly influences the psychology of place identity; and the influence of natural landscape elements is higher than that of artificial landscape elements. In our analysis of the eye-tracking visual behavior data, the public showed a strong interest in and visual preference for artificial elements, particularly recognizable landmark buildings and skyscraper buildings, providing support for similar results obtained in research on visual preference behavior relating to mountain landscape architecture [30]. In previous studies, the perceptions of a landscape supporting autonomy, relatedness, and competence were associated with identification, dependence, and emotional connection with that landscape [31]. The proportion of artificial visual elements in the urban environment of the historic urban area is much higher than that of natural visual elements. However, the visual aesthetic perception of natural elements such as water, mountains, and green plants, has a more significant impact \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Y**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**X**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Non-Normalized**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Standard**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**t**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\  & & & & **B** & **Error** & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{(constant)} & & \(-3.10\) & \(0.159\) & & 20.401 & 0.009 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{landmarks} & vividness of color & \(X_{1}\) & 0.573 & 0.037 & 0.425 & 15.663 & 0.000 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{high-rise buildings} & vividness of color & \(X_{2}\) & 0.316 & 0.025 & 0.271 & 12.608 & 0.000 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{skycraper buildings} & vividness of color & \(X_{3}\) & 0.515 & 0.040 & 0.391 & 12.750 & 0.000 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{Place} & \multirow{2}{*}{water} & proportional harmonization & \(X_{4}\) & 0.169 & 0.028 & 0.162 & 5.991 & 0.001 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{vridness of color} & \(X_{5}\) & 0.617 & 0.036 & 0.470 & 17.340 & 0.000 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{mountains} & proportional harmonization & \(X_{6}\) & 0.223 & 0.029 & 0.245 & 7.806 & 0.000 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{vridness of color} & \(X_{7}\) & 0.799 & 0.024 & 0.628 & 33.048 & 0.000 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{morphological richness} & \(X_{8}\) & 0.094 & 0.024 & 0.100 & 4.010 & 0.007 \\ \cline{2-7} \multicolumn{2}{c}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{vividness of color} & \(X_{9}\) & 1.021 & 0.028 & 0.978 & 37.009 & 0.000 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Multiple linear regression model data table. on the psychological perception of place identity, which is also supported by a study of visual perception among different groups of tourists [32]. Studies of visual perception in different populations have also shown that people experience a more positive psychological impact from natural landscape elements [33]. From visual behaviors to emotional cognition, viewers display great subjectivity in expressing different emotions. Combined with the experimental results of this study, this indicates that there are differences in people's perceptual behaviors toward different visual elements of the landscape. After previous studies showed that the most characteristic feature of the historic urban landscape of Macao is the diversity of colors, eye-tracking experiments and data collection were used to determine the most common colors in urban and landscape architecture in 60 districts of the city [34]. The results of that study also showed the significant influence of color vividness on the psychological impact of identification with different visual elements.