# A Blockchain Copyright Protection Model Based on Vector Map Unique Identification
## 3 Basic Idea and Preliminaries
### AntChain Combined with IPFS for Vector Map Copyright Protection  
In the realm of vector map copyright protection, leveraging blockchain technology offers a promising solution to secure ownership, verify authenticity, and enable the efficient management of copyright information. The model proposed in this paper combines AntChain, a private blockchain platform, with the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to form an integrated framework for securing vector map datasets while maintaining system scalability and confidentiality, as shown in Figure 2. The primary advantage of this integration lies in the ability to store essential metadata and unique identifiers on-chain, while off-chain storage solutions like IPFS are utilized for managing large-scale data such as complete vector map files [33]. Figure 1: Copyright registration process in the BCPM-UI model: feature identifier construction, watermark embedding, and blockchain registration. AntChain, a consortium blockchain, is selected as the blockchain platform due to its support for high throughput, low latency, and flexibility, features which are critical for the effective management of vector map copyrights. A blockchain is fundamentally a distributed ledger that consists of a sequence of blocks, each containing a set of transactions [34]. These blocks are cryptographically linked, ensuring the immutability and traceability of the recorded data. In a consortium blockchain like AntChain, the network is permissioned, meaning only pre-authorized entities can participate in transaction validation and block creation. AntChain's modular architecture allows for tailored consensus mechanisms, such as PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), which optimize transaction processing for specific application requirements. This ensures that the transaction load is distributed efficiently, with strong privacy and security guarantees provided by the permissioned framework. Within this blockchain structure, important data such as unique identifiers, watermark information, timestamps, and user details are recorded directly on the blockchain [35]. This on-chain information serves as a secure and immutable reference for map ownership, ensuring the traceability of vector map data from creation to use while minimizing the risk of data tampering [36]. In contrast to public blockchains, which suffer from scalability issues due to high transaction costs and slow processing speeds when handling large datasets, AntChain facilitates faster transaction processing by utilizing optimized consensus protocols and parallel transaction execution. This makes it well suited for applications such as vector map copyright protection, where the efficiency of blockchain transactions is crucial for real-time verification. Additionally, the modular nature of AntChain allows for seamless integration with off-chain storage systems such as IPFS, which handles the large-scale storage of vector map files. IPFS, a decentralized file storage system, is integrated to complement the blockchain by providing a robust and scalable solution for storing complete vector map datasets. IPFS operates on a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, where files are distributed across various nodes, and data are retrieved using content hashes rather than specific node addresses. This method ensures the integrity and uniqueness of map data while alleviating the storage  
Figure 2: Antchain combined with IPFS for vector map copyright protection. burden on the blockchain. Using IPFS allows for efficient and fast data retrieval, which is critical for handling large vector map files. In the proposed model, vector map files are stored off-chain in IPFS, and only their corresponding unique identifiers and associated metadata are recorded on AntChain, preserving both security and privacy. Upon receipt of a transaction request, data providers generate unique identifiers for vector maps, embedding watermark information and registering these identifiers on the AntChain blockchain [37].