# In Vitro Activity of Caffe Acid Phenethyl Ester against Different Oral Microorganisms
## 4 Discussion
aureus_ displayed the most inhibition, followed by _S. salivarius_, _S. oralis_ then _S. mutans_. [29; 30]. When different CAPE concentrations were tested, a dose-dependent effect was verified. In prior investigation, CAPE showed a dose-dependent bactericidal action against _S. mutans_, which matches our findings. One of the most prevalent infections presented in clinical settings is _S. aureus_[31]. Although _S. aureus_ has demonstrated resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapy, increasing the amount of CAPE has been proven to reduce bacterial growth and count; CAPE could be the key to addressing this microorganism's high resistance. A well diffusion test was performed to confirm the study findings versus standard laboratory testing. For _S. aureus_, _S. oralis_, and _S. salivarius_, the CAPE inhibitory effect was time-dependent, not just concentration-dependent. When it came to preventing the growth of microbes, CAPE outperformed the NaF control when used against _S. salivarius_, _S. oralis_ and _S. aureus_. On the other hand, _S. mutans_ was inhibited by using NaF at the first hour. When utilizing NaF, _S. aureus_ was still present after 12 h, _S. salivarius_ diminished after 6 h, _S. oralis_ was eradicated after 3 h and showed no growth at all from the beginning. The viable count of different strains after exposure to the MBC values of CAPE was highest detectable. The viable count of bacterial strains after exposure to the MBC concentrate of CAPE was most effective after 1 h, where no bacterial growth was observed for _S. oralis_; after 6 h for _S. salivarius_ and _S. mutans_; and after 12 h for _S. aureus_. While NaF may have the same benefits as CAPE, this research implies that using CAPE infrequently can help prevent caries. Higher doses may be advantageous in preventingaries initiation. It has proved to have a prospective advantage similar to NaF in terms of effectiveness against variogenic bacteria in regular-basis dental hygiene. Other research has concentrated on MIC or MBC, the bacterial inhibition zone, or only one or two bacterial strains. The merit of this investigation is that it investigated a wider range of variogenic bacteria, which play a major role in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of the caries' progress. Concurrently addressing the inhibitory zone, MBC, and MIC are feasible tests in determining the antimicrobial activity of experimental drugs [32]. Numerous active compounds have been analyzed and found to be useful in controlling dental pellicle/plaque and lowering the number of variogenic bacteria. [PERSON] et al. supplemented a commercial products denitfrice with a natural South American nut extract. He claimed that the evaluated products were adequate in considerably improving dental biofilm control after 90 days [33]. [PERSON] et al. examined the effects of Lippia sidoides Cham essential oil and chlorhecidine in decreasing salivary _S. mutans_ in children suffering from caries lesions. On the other hand, chlorhecidine decreased _S. mutans_ after use of the mouth rinse, but the _S. mutans_ numbers quickly reverted to baseline levels. The _S. mutans_ number was lowered while using the Lippia sidoides Cham essential oil and remained low even after therapy [34]. [PERSON] et al. compared the effect of CAPE added to chlorhecidine and fluoride mouth rinses in reducing dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis. In vitro, all three mouth rinses showed antimicrobial efficacy towards _S. mutans_ and other microorganisms [35]. CAPE antibacterial action was tested against four microorganisms that are important for the initiation and maintenance of caries lesions in this study. On the other hand, dental caries begin with dental plaque, which forms a biofilm in the mouth. Additional clinical trials are needed to assess the impact against other biofilm bacteria, and to investigate the effect of CAPE on plaque pH after acidogenic challenge, plaque and gingival indices, and gingival inflammation. Thus, a corresponding study is required on patients with a variety of oral conditions.