## 4 Salt-Tolerant Plants as Sources of Neuroprotective and Mental Health Commodities
### In Vitro Assays
Phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are notably prevalent across many plant species. Key flavonoids identified include apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, and catechin, while significant phenolic acids include gallic acid, salicylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-couramic acid. Additionally, terpenids, particularly triterpenoids, have been highlighted in some plants, such as C. _cocineum_, which contains a combination of triterpenes, steroids, lignans, and other phenolics [37], and _P. euphratica_, which includes unique euphraticanoids [53]. These metabolites often occur in synergistic combinations, which may enhance their neuroprotective efficacy. For instance, _M. crystallinity_ combines flavones (apigenin, diosmin, luteolin) with phenolic acids [28], while _C. edulis_ features a mix of phenolics (gallic and salicylic acids), flavonoids (quercetin), and condensed tannins [29, 30]. Another notable example is _A. macrostachym_, which contains alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and fatty acids like linolenic and linoleic acids [30], demonstrating a complex blend of bioactive compounds. In particular, salt-tolerant plants such as _Salicornia_ sp., _Juncus_ sp. and _Limonium_ sp. have been the focus of multiple studies, indicating their significance in the context of neuroprotection [32, 33, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50]. For instance, _Salicornia europaea_ (L.) is a species from the family Chenopodiaceae, and it has been the subject of several investigations. [PERSON] et al. [32] studied the neuroprotective activity of an enzyme-digested Phyto-Meal ethanol extract (PM-EE) derived from the stem and leaves of _S. europaea_. The extract was found to exhibit inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesteraseterase (BuChE) enzymes. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. [33] reported that the _S. ramossissima_ by-product, extracted through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) at 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C/10 min, showed significant AChE enzyme inhibition. Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, hydroxy methoxyisoflavone derivatives, isorhamentin-3-O \(\beta\)-D glucopyranoside, asparagine, arginine, betaine, propionylalanine, methyl digalloyi glucopyranoside, and methoxy chromone were detected as main components in these extracts, suggesting their potential link to the reported neuroprotective properties. Juncunol, a compound isolated from _Juncus acutus_ leaves, exhibited inhibitory effects on AChE and BuChE enzymes, as well as AChE inhibition in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and murine microglia N9 cells [42]. The research on various _Limonium_ species has demonstrated their potential in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesteraseterase (BuChE),  
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**Family/Species** & **Plant Organs** & **Extract** & **Main Constituents** & **Assay** & **Main Results** & **Reference** \\ \hline
**Rubiaceae** & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Guettarda species \(L\)._} & & Percolation with MeOH followed by partitioning with hexane and CHC\({}_{3}\) & Iridoids and their followed by partitioning with hexane and CHC\({}_{3}\) & Thioflavin T glucosides, triterpenoids, & 50 \(\mu\)g/mL. Methanol spectroscopy (anti-amyloidogenic activity) & 50 \(\mu\)g/mL.