## 4 Results and Discussion
### DCMG Simulated Model Results  
This section explores the scenarios simulated in the model developed, with the aim of comparing them and assessing their performance in different situations. Firstly, two scenarios were set up using the load diagram from E-REDES Open Data, solar irradiation data from PVGIS and wind speed data from Wind Atlas, thus allowing the real operating conditions of the models to be simulated. Table 9 shows the data for the first scenario, which refers to a period of high energy production and consumption with high load variations on February 4 th. Figure 12: System behavior when switching a 4.8 kW AC load on and off. Figure 13: DC bus voltage during irradiation variations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline Time & 10:00 & 11:00 & 12:00 & 13:00 & 14:00 \\ \hline Active Power Consumption (kWh) & 17 & 18 & 24 & 18 & 13 \\ \hline Solar Irradiation (w/m\({}^{2}\)) & 584.34 & 669.18 & 675.15 & 669.36 & 635.64 \\ \hline Wind speed (m/s) & 6.7 & 6.79 & 6.87 & 6.81 & 6.82 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Data used in the first scenario. A second scenario was also created, focused on the night period, referring to the transition from February 4 to 5, which shows a decreasing energy consumption curve and low energy production. Table 10 shows the data for this scenario. The selected periods in Tables 9 and 10 reflect distinct operational conditions of DCMGs to test their performance under real-world scenarios. The daytime period represents high energy production from solar and wind sources alongside peak demand, critical for evaluating the system's ability to manage dynamic loads and stabilize voltage. The nighttime period, with minimal renewable generation and reduced demand, tests the DCMGs reliance on BESS and its ability to sustain stable operations in island mode. These periods align with typical industrial energy profiles, daytime for active production and nighttime for reduced operations or maintenance. Figure 14 presents the simulation results for the first scenario, illustrating the voltage on the DC bus (VDC), the state of charge of the BESS (SOC), the total power produced, and the active power consumed. Due to computational limitations, each second of simulation represents one hour of real-world operation. As a result, the SOC shown is not fully representative across all figures. However, the slope of the SOC curve is crucial for determining whether the BESS is charging or discharging. The results indicate that the model performs well in maintaining voltage stability on the DC bus. Energy production consistently exceeds load consumption during most hours, leading to the BESS charging. When energy production increases or power consumption decreases, a voltage spike occurs but is corrected within milliseconds. Conversely, a decrease in energy production or an increase in power consumption results in a voltage drop, which is similarly corrected in milliseconds. The additional noise observed in the DC bus voltage is likely caused by the unsynchronized switching of inverters connected to the system. Figure 15 presents the model results for the second scenario. The DC bus voltage remains stable, with only minor peaks observed as power consumption decreases. It  
Figure 14: Voltage waveform on the DC bus, state of charge of the BESS, and produced and consumed power during the first scenario. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline Time & 22:00 & 23:00 & 00:00 & 01:00 & 00:02 \\ \hline Active Power Consumption (kWh) & 18 & 13 & 10 & 9 & 8 \\ \hline Solar Irradiation (w/m\({}^{2}\)) & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline Wind speed (m/s) & 5.91 & 5.96 & 5.89 & 5.95 & 5.92 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Data used in the second scenario. is noted that while the wind turbines have a combined maximum capacity of 20 kW, the wind speeds during this scenario are insufficient for significant energy production. Although the turbines slightly slow the discharge rate of the BESS, their efficiency is low.