## 4 Conclusions  
1. The simulated limestone groundwater flow field closely corresponded with the observed dynamic changes in the actual flow field. Both the simulated and observed water levels of the limestone aquifer demonstrated good agreement, with RMSE values across all monitoring wells remaining within acceptable thresholds and progressively decreasing over the simulation period, reflecting enhanced alignment with real-world conditions. Notably, Well 2020-Taiguan2 achieved a minimum RMSE of 0.042 m, underscoring the model's exceptional precision. These results collectively confirm the scientific validity and accuracy of the groundwater flow model. 2. The limestone groundwater level in the mining area exhibited significant drawdown due to drainage. Following the commencement of the pumping test, Well 2022-Taiguan4 experienced a drawdown of 240 m within the first four months, indicating a \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Borehole Properties** & **Name** & **Zone Number** & **Test Data (K) (m/d)** & **Simulation Data (K) (m/d)** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Hydrological borehole} & 2022-Taiguan1 & 7 & \(2.36\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.90\times 10^{-2}\) \\  & 2022-Taiguan2 & 7 & \(1.38\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.90\times 10^{-2}\) \\  & 2022-Taiguan3 & 7 & \(6.70\times 10^{-5}\) & \(1.90\times 10^{-2}\) \\  & 2022-Taiguan4 & 6 & \(9.60\times 10^{-5}\) & \(2.30\times 10^{-2}\) \\  & 2022-Taiguan5 & 4 & \(3.30\times 10^{-4}\) & \(3.00\times 10^{-2}\) \\  & 2022-Taiguan7 & 5 & \(1.54\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.1\times 10^{-3}\) \\  & 2022-Taiguan15 & 1 & \(2.20\times 10^{-2}\) & \(2.1\times 10^{-3}\) \\  & 2020-Taiguan1 & 5 & \(5.10\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.00\times 10^{-2}\) \\  & 2020-Taiguan2 & 5 & \(5.54\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.1\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of test and simulated permeability coefficients. substantial decrease in the observed water level. The aquifer showed weak recharge capacity and clear drainage potential, which facilitated its dewatering. 3. Generally, normal faults exhibited good connectivity and water conductivity. However, actual studies indicated that even though the F22 fault is a normal fault offsetting formations from Seam 3 to the Ordovician limestone, it still possesses strong water-blocking properties. The test results showed that the specific capacity (q) ranges from 1.40 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) to 3.26 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) m\({}^{2}\)/(s-m), and the hydraulic conductivity (K) ranges from 2.10 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) to 6.80 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) m/s. The Taiyuan Formation aquifer is not hydroraulically connected to other aquifers through the F22 fault, and hydraulic connectivity remains extremely weak. This characteristic is favorable for the drainage of karst water and the deep mining of Seam 10. 4. The Taiyuan Formation limestone is deeply buried and subject to complex structural stress. Under deep mining conditions, the extraction of the Seam 10 induces disturbances to the underlying Taihui Formation. In terms of karst water dynamics, this is typically reflected in changes to the hydraulic head, flow rate, and hydraulic connectivity among various observation points during water migration. Regarding hydrogeological parameters, it is generally manifested as an increase in the permeability coefficient (K). In this simulation, the measured permeability coefficient (K) ranged from 0.000067 to 0.0022. However, due to the influence of deep mining, the simulated values ranged from 0.0021 to 0.09, showing a significant increase compared to the measured values. 5. The mining of the Seam 10 in the Zhuxianzhuang Coal Mine represents a deep mining operation under complex geological conditions. This study established a hydrogeological model for the karst water in the floor of the Seam 10. The model results indicated that the limestone water in the floor of the study area is easily drainable.