# Opportunistic Network Algorithms for Internet Traffic Offloading in Music Festival Scenarios
## 6 Conclusions and Future Work  
In this paper, we introduced opportunistic routing in a scenario pertaining to a music festival, which is defined by a small space, a high number of participants, and a large density. In such a use case, congestion problems may easily arise due to the fact that people simultaneously connect to mobile broadband or Wi-Fi access points.  
In order to assess the feasibility of opportunistic solutions in a festival scenario, we first analyzed existing mobility traces for such events and proposed a mobility model called FMM, which behaves similarly to real-life human behavior, considering the crowd's  
Figure 13: Results for the larger Wi-Fi Direct trace.  
social structure. We have also designed a more realistic way of selecting the destination of a message, since some works leave this decision to a random event generator.  
Then, we analyzed existing opportunistic solutions and proposed and implemented our own custom opportunistic routing algorithms. We analyzed their performance on the FMM mobility model, and the results obtained indicated three potential candidates: binary Spray-and-Wait and our two custom opportunistic algorithms, Social Spray-and-Wait-1 and Social Spray-and-Wait 2. Moreover, this work further emphasizes two design decisions one such algorithm may implement, which can lead to high performance: a mechanism that bounds the number of message copies in order to avoid a resource-consuming flood-based forwarding scheme [4]; and incorporating social metrics [21] in the forwarding decision, which can enhance an algorithm and achieve lower delivery delay values.  
Another goal was to study the impact of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Direct on performance. The findings show that all three algorithms perform better when combing Wi-Fi Direct with Bluetooth, mostly due to the increased speed of transfer and communication range of Wi-Fi Direct.  
In terms of future work, we would like to implement a more complex battery consumption mechanism, extend the Festival Mobility Model to be able to produce larger maps with more stages, and modify the speed of transfer according to the number of simultaneous contacts. Furthermore, we wish to extend our analysis of both the FMM mobility model, as well as of the two proposed routing solutions, in order to have a better view of the requirements and behavior of a music festival scenario.  
In conclusion, using opportunistic networks for end-to-end message delivery at music festivals is a viable option with promising performance results. Where the traditional network infrastructure fails, opportunistic networks may be the solution we are looking for.  
Conceptualization, A.-S.M., C.D. and R.-I.C.; methodology, A.-S.M., R.-I.C. and R.P.-P.; software, A.-S.M.; validation, A.-S.M., R.-I.C. and R.P.-P.; formal analysis, R.-I.C., C.D. and R.P.-P.; investigation, A.-S.M. and R.P.-P.; resources, R.-I.C. and R.P.-P.; data curation, A.-S.M. and R.-I.C.; writing--original draft preparation, A.-S.M.; writing--review and editing, R.-I.C., C.D. and R.P.-P.; visualization, A.-S.M.; supervision, R.-I.C. and C.D.; project administration, C.D.; funding acquisition, C.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by EU AAL Program 2017 project vINCI (\"Clinically-validated INtegrated Support for Assistive Care and Lifestyle Improvement: the Human Link\").  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.