# Analysis of Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms on IoT Hardware Platform +
## 4 Results
However, the Valgrind [40] tool is used to measure the RAM occupation in Pi. Valgrind is a tool suite for debugging and profiling, and the Massif profiler tool of the Valgrind is used to measure the RAM. Figures 6 and 7 show the 10 smallest and 5 largest RAM size occupations in UNO and Pi, respectively. As it can be seen, the range intervals are [264, 994] in bytes and [1.03, 21.34] in Kbytes of UNO and Pi, respectively. The least are the LEA and the Simon-Speck families, and the largest are the Katantan family and Rectangle-64-128 in UNO and Pi, respectively. measured using C programming routines that calculate the time taken. Formulas (2) and (4) mentioned in Section 3.3 are used for the throughput in bytes per second and latency in cycles per block, respectively. Figures 8-11 exhibit the 10 largest and 5 smallest algorithms for the key schedule speed in UNO and Pi, respectively. The range intervals are [0.99, 400,000] in Kbytes/s and [0.029, 106.667] in Gbytes/s of UNO and Pi, respectively, for the throughput. The best is Prince-64-128, and the worst is the Kantan family in both UNO and Pi. Further, the range intervals for the latency are [0.00032, 161.34] in Kcycles/block and [0.18, 412.02] in cycles/block of UNO and Pi, respectively. The best is XTEA-64-128, and the worst is the [PERSON] family in both UNO and Pi. 6. Encryption and decryption speed: The encryption or decryption speed measuring tool is by the internal programming (C) of the time taken. Formulas (6) and (3) mentioned in Section 3.3 are used for the throughput in bytes per second and latency in cycles per block, respectively. Figures 12-15 reveal the 10 largest and 5 smallest algorithms for the ENC speed in UNO and Pi, respectively. The range intervals are [0.1, 64.1] in Kbytes/s and [0.009, 6.99] in Gbytes/s of UNO and Pi, respectively, for the throughput. The best are Hight-64-128 and LEA-128-128; however, the worst are Jumbo-128-128 and Katantan-32-80 in UNO and Pi, respectively (here the biggest is the fastest). The range intervals for the latency are [2, 2490.24] in Kcycles/block and [1.44, 864.65] in cycles/block of UNO and Pi, respectively (for the latency, the smallest is the best and the fastest). The best are Hight-64-128 and Speck-48-72, though the worst are Jumbo-128-128 and ISAP-K-128-64-128 in UNO and Pi, respectively. Figure 11: The 10 least speed latency in key schedule and 5 biggest in Pi. Figure 12: The 10 largest speed throughput in ENC and 5 least in UNO. Figure 13: The 10 least speed latency in ENC and 5 biggest in UNO. * Encryption and decryption power and energy consumption: Energy utilization is the measure of the electrical effort used during the execution of an operation (algorithm), and the whole energy consumed is the time integral of the power. In lightweight cryptography, energy consumption per unit operation of the algorithm defines good metrics for designing. The measuring tool used for energy in this project is the Adafruit INA219 current sensor through a connection of a second Arduino board used as a current-voltage monitor. The monitoring process is combined by the PLX-DAQ software tool through EXCEL with the necessary Arduino programming. The provided Formula (5) in Section 3.3 is used for the energy in joules per byte while the mean power obtained from sensor monitoring is the power throughput in joules per second. Figures 16-19 show the 10 smallest and 5 largest algorithms for the ENC power. The range intervals are [0.959, 14.28] in mj/s and [168, 303] in mj/s for the power. The least are SUNDAE-GIFT-0-128-128 and XTEA-64-128. However, the worst are Simon-128-256 and DryGASCON128k56-128-128 in UNO and Pi, respectively. The range intervals for the energy are [0.097, 67.4] in mj/byte and [35.4, 26,870] in nanoj/byte (or [0.035, 26.87] in uj/byte) of UNO and Pi, respectively. The least are SUNDAE-GIFT-0-128-128 and Speck-128-128, though the worst are Rectangle-64-128 and K  
Figure 14: The 10 largest speed throughput in ENC and 5 least in Pi. Figure 15: The 10 least speed latency in ENC and 5 biggest in Pi.