# A Photonically-Excited Leaky-Wave Antenna Array at E-Band for 1-D Beam Steering
3 Universite Cote d'Azur, CNRS, LEAT (Laboratory of Electronics Antennas and Telecommunications)-UMR 7248, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (F.F. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.B.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Telecommunications de Rennes)-UMR 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.J.P.-G.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.S.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Telecommunications de Rennes)-UMR 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.J.P.-G.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.S.) 2 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.C.D.B.) 3 Universite Cote d'Azur, CNRS, LEAT (Laboratory of Electronics Antennas and Telecommunications)-UMR 7248, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (F.F. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.B.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Telecommunications de Rennes)-UMR 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.J.P.-G.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.S.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Telecommunications de Rennes)-UMR 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.J.P.-G.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.S.) 2 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.C.D.D.B.) 3 Universite Cote d'Azur, CNRS, LEAT (Laboratory of Electronics Antennas and Telecommunications)-UMR 7248, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (F.F. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.B.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Telecommunications de Rennes)-UMR 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.J.P.-G.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.B.) 2  
[PERSON]  
1 Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Telecommunications de Rennes)-UMR 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.J.P.-G.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.S.) 2 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.C.D.D.B(QO) systems [8; 9], and, less commonly, alternative antenna topologies such as tapered slot antennas [3] or monolithically integrated transverse electromagnetic horns [10]. In general, these antennas present a challenging escalation [11; 12]. The difficulty of integrating several photomixer-excited antennas has obstructed the development of arrays with beam steering capabilities, and just a few demonstrations can be found in the open literature [13; 14]. Beam steering would extend the range of applications of this kind of antennas. Among possible use cases, to name a few, one can find imaging systems, fine beam alignment to compensate mast misalignment or twist and sways from mounting structures [15], or reconfigurable wireless links in data centers [16]. The development of photomixer-excited antennas with beam steering could unlock the use of the E-band (71-76 GHz, 81-86 GHz), which presents several advantages. It offers a \(2\times 5\) GHz bandwidth, adequate for tens of Gbps of data transmission; it does not present the absorption peak of oxygen compared to the 60-GHz band, and the free-space loss is lower than at higher sub-mm wave frequencies. The availability of low-loss, thin, inexpensive substrates well adapted to this frequency range makes printed circuit board (PCB) technology a promising approach for the realization of photonic transmitters/receivers (Tx/Rx). Active components with complex polarization networks can be integrated with passive components in a single multilayered board, as in [17]. Furthermore, in [3; 18] we demonstrated the possibility of developing a photonic Tx with this technology. This work presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first realization of a leaky-wave antenna (LWA) excited by a photomixer, as a simple means to steer the beam with frequency in 1-D. The LWA is printed using PCB technology and works at the upper window of the E-band. It would find applications in some of the cases cited above.