# Nexus between Building Information Modeling and Internet of Things in the Construction Industries
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Critical Factors Influencing BIM and IoT Adoption and Implementation  
A wide range of various factors for BIM and IoT intention to adoption have been investigated in the literature. These factors of BIM and IoT cut across different sectors such as energy management, construction monitoring, health-and-safety management, and building management. BIM and IoT integration research, on the other hand, is still in its infancy, with most studies being theoretical and conceptual in scope. Figure 6 summarizes the various factors extracted from the literature reviewed and subsequently used for the development of the hypotheses. BIM and IoT in construction industries are beneficial, and a framework for considerations during deployment and use has been developed. To begin, it was necessary to recognize these factors. Following the review of the prior literature, the factors have been extracted from the models and frameworks in implicit ways. As shown in Figure 6, Several studies have looked at the aspects that lead to an organization's adoption of BIM. BIM adoption has been boosted by a variety of factors and techniques in the past. Research on BIM adoption has focused on the relative advantages, technology, organization, environmental, human, compatibility, complexity, trialability, perceived risks, top management support, organization readiness, organizational size, and cost, which are the primary factors in an organization's ability to implement BIM and IoT as shown Figure 8. The elements that influence BIM adoption are mainly people, processes, technology, strategic IT planning, and collaborative process. BIM adoption is driven by a combination of technological, organizational, and environmental factors. Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework provides the basis for this aspect. TOE is commonly seen as the most important factor influencing a company's  
decision to embrace new technology. As shown in Figure 5, compatibility which was considered in 11 articles is the most widely investigated factor in BIM and IoT. Besides, factors such as relative advantage, complexity, and top management support were also widely investigated as indicated by the total number of articles. However, human factors, normative pressure, and communication behaviour were less investigated. Several authors have reported the various factors that influence BIM and IoT adoption. [PERSON] [73] identified 11 critical factors that influence BIM adoption and application within the UK architecture sector. The factors, willingness to adopt BIM, communication behaviour of an organization, observability of BIM benefits, compatibility of BIM, social motivations among organization's members, the relative advantage of BIM, organizational culture, top management support, organizational readiness, coercive pressures, and organization size. According to the findings, the relative advantage of BIM is the aspect that is most influential and crucial across all three stages of the adoption process namely, the awareness stage, the intention stage, and the decision stage of the BIM adoption process. Using the Chinese construction industry as an example, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [74] developed a study model that incorporates the critical factors that linked BIM technology, the construction firm, and the environment. According to the findings, a key factor that facilitated BIM acceptance was the relative advantage, whereas a factor that inhibited BIM adoption was the complexity. In addition, top management support was a crucial factor that contributed to the adoption of BIM. However, organizational preparedness was significant for engineering consulting businesses but not for construction firms. [PERSON] et al. [75] identified 12 factors that influence BIM adaptability in construction projects in Nigeria.