## 3 Results
### Forefoot, Hindfoot, and Tibia Kinematics
#### 3.2.2 Forefoot (FF) Relative to Tibia  
The mean range of motion spanned from approximately 0\({}^{\circ}\) to 30\({}^{\circ}\) of dorsiflexion, with a mean peak tibia/FF dorsiflexion of 30.31\({}^{\circ}\)\(\pm\) 5.83\({}^{\circ}\) at 50% of the squat. The mean motion of the tibia/FF ran from approximately 4\({}^{\circ}\) of abduction to 2\({}^{\circ}\) of abduction before returning to an adducted position, while the mean tibia/FF supination ranged from approximately 3\({}^{\circ}\) to 8\({}^{\circ}\) (Figure 3).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & **1\%** & **25\%** & **50\%** & **76\%** & **100\%** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Kinematics**} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{**(All Reported in Degrees)**} \\ \hline L Pelvic Obliquity & 0.56 (1.39) & 1.16 (1.96) & 1.14 (2.82) & 0.87 (2.12) & 0.50 (1.47) \\ \hline L Pelvic Rotation & \(-\)0.87 (2.35) & \(-\)0.74 (2.02) & \(-\)0.14 (2.17) & 0.16 (2.45) & \(-\)0.63 (2.09) \\ \hline L Trunk Rel to Pelvis Forw/ & 24.16 (5.88) & 21.04 (6.65) & \(-\)5.06 (13.91) & 9.56 (10.35) & 21.47 (6.07) \\ \hline L Trunk Rel to Pelvis Lateral Lean & 0.58 (1.69) & 0.87 (1.91) & 0.93 (2.70) & 0.77 (2.23) & 0.54 (1.95) \\ \hline L Trunk Rel to Pelvis Rotation & \(-\)0.10 (3.59) & 0.12 (3.21) & 0.17 (3.17) & 0.10 (3.11) & \(-\)0.08 (3.35) \\ \hline L Trunk Forw/Backw Lean & 8.90 (3.06) & \(-\)11.80 (5.98) & \(-\)31.91 (10.13) & \(-\)21.41 (8.72) & 4.99 (3.88) \\ \hline L Trunk Lateral Lean & 0.05 (1.10) & \(-\)0.33 (1.46) & \(-\)0.25 (2.13) & \(-\)0.12 (1.98) & 0.08 (1.23) \\ \hline Left Trunk Rotation & \(-\)0.88 (2.93) & \(-\)0.84 (2.77) & \(-\)0.48 (2.52) & \(-\)0.10 (2.80) & \(-\)0.64 (2.81) \\ \hline L Shoulder Abduction & 126.61 (8.18) & 126.29 (8.99) & 125.49 (9.47) & 125.00 (9.35) & 121.81 (10.31) \\ \hline L Shoulder External Rotation & 80.92 (16.31) & 82.14 (17.01) & 83.93 (17.83) & 81.45 (17.42) & 77.50 (16.31) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Kinetics**} \\ \hline L Ankle Plantar/Dorsi Moment & 0.28 (0.01) & 0.16 (0.11) & 0.23(0.16) & 0.11(0.08) & 0.25(0.10) \\ \hline L Ankle Ev/Inv Moment (Nm/kg) & 0.03 (0.05) & \(-\)0.03 (0.05) & \(-\)0.09 (0.06) & \(-\)0.03 (0.05) & 0.03 (0.04) \\ \hline L Ankle Ext/Int Moment (Nm/kg) & 0.03 (0.03) & 0.05 (0.04) & 0.05 (0.05) & 0.04 (0.04) & 0.03 (0.03) \\ \hline L Ankle Power (Watts/kg) & \(-\)0.01 (0.02) & \(-\)0.06 (0.06) & 0.00 (0.02) & 0.05 (0.05) & 0.00 (0.07) \\ \hline L TF Flex/Ext Moment (Nm/kg) & \(-\)0.14 (0.13) & 0.62 (0.21) & 0.80 (0.25) & 0.68 (0.22) & \(-\)0.18 (0.12) \\ \hline L TFJ Valgus/Varus Moment & \(-\)0.03 (0.06) & 0.05 (0.11) & 0.27 (0.21) & 0.04 (0.15) & \(-\)0.03 (0.07) \\ (Nm/kg) & \(-\)0.03 (0.03) & 0.08 (0.08) & 0.30 (0.12) & 0.08 (0.06) & 0.02 (0.03) \\ \hline L TFJ Power (Watts/kg) & 0.02 (0.04) & \(-\)1.09 (0.50) & \(-\)0.27 (0.35) & 1.37 (0.51) & 0.00 (0.03) \\ \hline L Hip Flex/Ext Moment (Nm/kg) & 0.00 (0.13) & 0.43 (0.19) & 0.77 (0.20) & 0.57 (0.22) & 0.05 (0.14) \\ \hline L Hip Add/Abduction Moment & & & & & \\ (Nm/kg) & 0.01 (0.07) & \(-\)0.18 (0.13) & \(-\)0.54 (0.16) & \(-\)0.21 (0.20) & 0.00 (0.08) \\ \hline L Hip Ext/Int Moment (Nm/kg) & 0.03 (0.03) & 0.07 (0.09) & \(-\)0.14 (0.15) & 0.05 (0.11) & 0.03 (0.05) \\ \hline L Hip Power (Watts/kg) & 0.00 (0.02) & \(-\)0.40 (0.19) & \(-\)0.13 (0.17) & 0.52 (0.20) & 0.01 (0.03) \\ \hline Left Vertical GRF (\% body weight) & 0.51 (0.04) & 0.48 (0.05) & 0.55 (0.07) & 0.50 (0.05) & 0.51 (0.05) \\ \hline Left Posterior/Anterior GRF (\% body weight) & 0.07 (0.01) & 0.05 (0.02) & \(-\)0.01 (0.04) & 0.05 (0.26) & 0.07 (0.02) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{L: left, HF: hindfoot, FF: forefoot, TFJ: tibiofemoral Joint, Rel: relative, forw/backw: forward/backward, GRF: ground reaction forces, Plantar/Dorsi: plantar/dorsiflexion, Ev/Inv: eversion/inversion, Ext/Int: eternal/internal rotation, Flex/Ext: flexion/extension.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Cont.