# Analysis of Disinfection in Greenhouse Soils with Medium-Temperature Steam Produced by Solar Energy
## 4 Analysis of the Results of Disinfected Soils
On the other hand, _Penicillium_ is a hyaline, saprophytic filamentous fungus belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. Macroscopically, the colonies are normally fast-growing; at first, they are white, and over time, they acquire blue, greenish blue, green, olive grey and pink tones, with a creamy yellow reverse. It is a very large genus that can be found almost everywhere, being the most abundant fungal genus in soils. The easy proliferation of _Penicillium_ in food is a problem. Some species produce toxins; however, many _Penicillium_ species are beneficial to humans [15]. In addition, in this sample, yeasts classified as ascomycetes or basidiomycetes were found, predominantly single-celled in their life cycle, generally characterized by dividing asexually by budding or bipartition and by having sexual states that are not attached to a sporocarp (fruitful body). Specifically, yeasts are fungi that do not form filamentous networks called hyphae [42]. However, some yeasts such as Candida can form chains of connected budding cells, known as pseudohyphae. With their unicellular growth habit, yeasts can be contrasted with filamentous fungi that produce hyphae. There are microscopic fungi that can have both states in their life cycle; in this case, they are called dimorphic fungi [13]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Treatment** & **Dilution** & **N of CFU** & **Microorganism** \\ \hline Tomato 1 & \(10^{-3}\) & 158 & _Cladosporium_ sp. \\ Unvaporized & \(10^{-6}\) & - & - \\  & \(10^{-10}\) & - & - \\ \hline Tomato 2 & \(10^{-3}\) & 131 & _Bacillus subtilis, Penicillin_ sp. \\ Unvaporized & \(10^{-6}\) & - & - \\  & \(10^{-10}\) & - & - \\ \hline Tomato 3 & \(10^{-3}\) & 94 & _Bacillus subtilis_ and yeasts sp. \\ Unvaporized & \(10^{-6}\) & - & - \\  & \(10^{-10}\) & - & - \\ \hline Tomato 2 & \(10^{-3}\) & 54 & _Cladosporium_ sp. \\
2 days, 20 cycles & \(10^{-6}\) & 45 & Yeasts, _Bacillus subtilis_ \\  & \(10^{-10}\) & - & - \\ \hline Tomato 2 & \(10^{-3}\) & 286 & Yeast \\
2 days, 20 cycles & \(10^{-6}\) & 33 & Bacillus subtilis \\  & \(10^{-10}\) & - & - \\ \hline Tomato 2 & \(10^{-3}\) & 54 & _A Aspergillus_ sp. (yellow) \\
2 days, 20 cycles & \(10^{-6}\) & 22 & Bacillus subtilis \\  & \(10^{-10}\) & - & - \\ \hline Tomato 3 & \(10^{-3}\) & 23 & Yeasts sp. 1 \\
3 days, 30 cycles & \(10^{-6}\) & 40 & Yeasts sp. 2 \\  & \(10^{-10}\) & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 16: Tomato soil analysis. However, in the soil where cucumber cultivation had been established and subjected to six cycles, _Xylaria_ sp. and Penicillum were maintained, and the presence of _Cordyceps_ sp. was reported. Some species of these fungi are parasites, mainly of insects and other arthropods; therefore, they are said to be entomopathogenic fungi. A few are parasites of other fungi. If a fungus of the genus _Cordyceps_ attacks a host, the mycelium invades and eventually replaces the host's tissues, while the elongated fruiting body (stroma) could be cylindrical, branched or complexly shaped. The stroma has many small, bottle-shaped periteciums that contain ascus. These in turn contain filiform ascospores that usually open into fragments that are infectious. Some species of the genus _Cordyceps_ are capable of affecting the behavior of their host insect. _Cordyceps unilateralis_, for example, causes ants to perch on top of a plant before they die, ensuring the maximum distribution of spores from the fruiting body that sprouts from the insect carcass [60; 61]. On the other hand, the time of two days and 16 disinfections were not enough to eliminate _Clandosporium_ sp., _Penicillum_ sp. and yeast reported in the control treatment. It is important to highlight the presence of _Bacillus subtilis_ in the samples with 2 days and 20 cycles of PCC discharge. This is essential from an agricultural point of view since this bacterium is beneficial for plants and is used as a biological control agent and as a promoter of plant growth [62; 63].