# Comparative Analysis of Usability and Accessibility of Kiosks for People with Disabilities
## 1 Introduction
In the United States, kiosk-related legislations exist in Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, US Air Carrier Access Act, Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design, and kiosk-related legislation has also been recently added to the European Accessibility Act. In Korea, the Guidelines for Public Access Terminal Accessibility Standard Document exists; this documentation was included in the Digital Divide Reduction Act in 2021. In contrast, usability has been considered in the development of design interface guidelines along with UX concepts [26]. Despite usability being already somewhat established in the field of technology, some of its characteristics have been vaguely defined; it has sometimes been used interchangeably with terms such as \"dummy proofing\" and \"user-friendliness\", which reduces the importance of its meaning in interaction design and negatively affects how user performance is viewed in terms of productivity. Furthermore, visual design, which is an essential element of usability that is commonly misunderstood with visual appeal, is not the only part of interaction design [27]. There have been studies on kiosk usability that have included evaluations of the usability of kiosk systems specialized for wayfinding [4; 6] as well as studies on the user interface (UI) design guidelines of kiosks [28; 29]. However, there is insufficient research on the design of new kiosk UIs with a focus on user needs [30]. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the concepts of accessibility and usability with a focus on kiosk devices. Even if a specific product satisfies the required accessibility requirements, it does not mean that users with disabilities have a satisfactory UX when using it [24]. Accessibility needs to be considered in the development stage of the product/device and during the enactment of the relevant laws; using certain measures, the compliance of a specific/product service with laws can be confirmed [10]. Regarding usability, its inclusion in legislation needs to be carefully considered because there are many changes with the related laws conflicting with the freedom and creativity of a company's product/device design. Particularly regarding legal regulations, many cases trail behind technological developments [10]; therefore, when applying or creating new technology, it is necessary to focus on accessibility separately from usability. As mentioned earlier,there are many studies that individually define accessibility and usability but few that systematically compare and analyze them. Furthermore, the studies that have compared and analyzed these concepts mainly involved websites and smartphones. In addition to kiosks being used for obtaining information, there are other situations wherein they are used, including in facilitating a payment service using a credit card/smartphone or a discount service on a welfare card for people with disabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine the accessibility and usability of kiosks while considering these circumstances. To this end, the concepts and characteristics of accessibility and usability were comprehensively investigated through a literature review, and focus group interviews (FPIs) were conducted, targeting individuals with visual, hearing, or physical impairments. Through these interviews, a clear concept regarding the accessibility and usability of a kiosk could be defined. Based on our assessments, we have presented a diagram defining the concepts of accessibility and usability, which is expected to be useful when designing kiosk features while considering accessibility and usability in the future or when creating legal and practical design guidelines for kiosks.