## 2 State of the Art
### Application of RFID Technology in Warehouse Logistics  
The case study of the implementation of RFID technology within a logistics warehouse, according to [30], is also a relevant case to be presented in this state-of-the-art context. Indeed, when rapid and precise control, tracking, and accounting of numerous movementsof various objects are required, the technology in question, in fact at all stages of the movement of goods, makes it possible to optimise business processes, considering, for example, electronic control of access to and movement of assets and material flows on company premises, as well as the management of warehouses (especially large ones), among other cases.  
In warehouse complexes, it becomes possible to facilitate the process of preparing, processing, and despatching orders, as well as increasing the accuracy of inventory control. The main aim of implementing RFID technology in a warehouse is to reduce costs through automatic data collection. The technology in question allows tag data to be read beyond the line of sight and through obstacles, and its advantages over barcode technology in the context of the study are as follows [30]:  
* Ability to read labels without human participation, which reduces the number of errors caused by the human factor;
* Possibility of adding and changing data in the tag's memory, which prevents the loss of the object's electronic passport;
* It allows group operations to be carried out, thus reducing processing time;
* It provides information on commercial events in real time, which makes it possible to apply the principles inherent in the just-in-time philosophy (a production system aimed at the total elimination of waste to achieve the best possible quality at the lowest possible cost and with the lowest possible consumption of resources).  
Figure 2 shows the scheme for implementing RFID technology in an industrial warehouse, as well as a simple approach to the advantages of introducing it into the logistics process compared to barcodes, based on the information contained in study [30].  
According to the authors of the study, by integrating RFID technology it is possible to reduce the time spent on internal warehouse operations, such as accepting and registering the necessary documentation [30]. Figure 3 shows the time savings in the context.  
Figure 3: Demonstration of logistics operation optimisation through RFID integration (adapted from [30]).  
Figure 2: RFID implementation in a warehouse (adapted from [30]).  
In addition, the introduction of RFID technology makes it possible to reduce the time it takes to process and despatch a bag or box. Thus, with the introduction of RFID technology in the supply chain, the efficiency of box processing, compared to using the barcode during goods acceptance, increased by 5.68 percent [30].  
It should be noted that, contrary to the advantages of applying RFID presented above, the following problems can arise when applying RFID technology in warehouses and an industrial production context [30]:  
* The high cost of RFID tags;
* Computer threats that can disrupt warehouse operations;
* Potential hacking, when anyone who has received a product with a label can access the database;
* Excessive demands from potential users.  
It can, therefore, be concluded that the diffusion and introduction of RFID technology in warehouse logistics will make it possible to restore order in warehouses and carry out inventory control in real time, provided that the warehouse infrastructure is adapted to the new technologies, not forgetting the difficulties that may arise as a result of factors such as prices and the excessive demands of potential users [30].