## 2 Theoretical Background  
Industry 4.0, or the fourth industrial revolution, means the use of digital technology in the manufacturing process to produce higher-quality goods at reduced costs. This process has different names throughout the world, e.g., Industry 4.0 in Germany, New Industrial France in France, the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation in the USA, Society 5.0 in Japan, and Made in China 2025 in China, etc. In general, Industry 4.0 is consists of several elements for small- and medium-sized enterprises: autonomous robots, horizontal and vertical integration, the aforementioned Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, high-volume data, and additive manufacturing [7]. Taking into account the general paradigm shift from mass production to mass customization, there is also a need for configurable automatic technologies such as the robots [8]. Although the role of humans in the vision of a new industrial revolution is still considered irreplaceable, with the advances in data visualization, new technical interactions seem to make robots suitable for integration into the industrial environment [9]. This article understands Industry 4.0 as a revolutionary industrial concept of the production process in manufacturing, focused on new technologies that interconnect machines and equipment with digital data into automatic, intelligent systems. This definition is based on a number of authors [10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17], mainly [PERSON] [18; 19], who analyzed more than 70 works focused on Industry 4.0; [PERSON] [20], who examined Industry 4.0 on more than 1000 questionnaires; and [PERSON] [21], who researched Industry 4.0 on 30 German enterprises. Advanced manufacturing systems, together with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) analysis tools in small- and medium-sized enterprises, transform production into a modern form of ICT known as the Internet of Things [22]. ICT is a prerequisite for efficient supply chain management, and it plays a vital role in the ability to integrate suppliers and customers to improve supply chain performance [23]. Internet of Things is a new era of computing that is completely outside the traditional desktops. In the new industrial revolution, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies should meet the requirements of identifiable objects that are located in a computer network in one form or another and in which ICT is invisibly built into the environment around us [24]. [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [25] define Internet of Things as an open and comprehensive network of intelligent objects capable of organizing and sharing information, data, and resources and responding to sudden changes in the environment. One of the other indispensable elements of Industry 4.0 is the largescale data, Big Data, which is gradually coming from the Smart cities, through large enterprises to SMEs, as mentioned by [PERSON] [26]. Big data refers to large data files with a more diverse and complex structure and related processes of visualization, analysis, and storage [27]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] noticed that data analysis alone is the most important aspect of Big Data, without which sub-aspects such as storage or collection would not be of great value, and appropriate data analysis can reveal new information and facilitate timely response to emerging opportunities and threats [29]. The basic building block is Cloud Computing, which is more and more often used by SMEs [30]. Assuming an enterprise has the resources to deal with information on the network, Cloud Computing is an alternative for the enterprises that do not intend to invest in their own Information and Communication Technologies resources [31]. The combination of Big Data and Cloud Computing enables process participants to collaborate from different locations, in real time, to improve productivity and security, and ensure project feasibility [32].