# Forestry Best Management Practices Relationships with Aquatic and Riparian Fauna: A Review
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Macroinvertebrate Community Response to BMPs
The interaction between timber harvesting and drainage basins suggested that differences in physical stream features were important for determining the effects of logging within individual basins. Furthermore, harvesting did not influence diversity of macroinvertebrates in these small headwater streams. The authors suggest that natural variability in hydrology and in-stream physical features were the primary drivers of assemblage differences and not the effects of harvesting. [PERSON] et al. [100] evaluated effectiveness of SMZs to protect water quality, aquatic habitat, and macroinvertebrate communities in low-order streams in north central Mississippi. Three replications of three SMZ treatments (clearcutting with no SMZ, clearcutting with an SMZ, and unharvested reference) were evaluated using response variables that included water quality, mineral soil exposure, and net soil deposition or erosion. One year following harvest, no differences in response variables between harvested sites with stream SMZs and reference streams were observed. Streams in harvested sites without SMZs had significantly higher stream temperatures and declining habitat stability ratings, but increased macroinvertebrate density compared to reference streams. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [138] evaluated effectiveness of Florida's forestry BMPs for herbicide applications using methods similar to those used by [PERSON] [136]. Following a pretreatment assessment, study streams were re-sampled one and two years following herbicide applications to forests adjacent to streams. No significant differences in the Stream Condition Index were observed between reference and test portions of the streams that could be attributed to practices that included chemical applications. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [141] used bioassessment of benthic macroinvertebrates to evaluate effectiveness of Arkansas' silvicultural BMPs in protecting the water quality and biological integrity of streams adjacent to harvest areas. They found few significant differences in water quality or biological variables that could be associated with silviculture. Differences between upstream and downstream sites, when noted, were present before as well as after timber harvest. Differences in relative abundance variables (e.g., percent EPT) were typically location-specific and unrelated to silviculture activities. [PERSON] et al. [139] conducted pre- and post-harvest sampling of benthic macroinvertebrates from four first-order streams draining the Dry Creek watershed in southwestern Georgia. They found differences in community structure between pre- and post-harvest periods, but responses of macroinvertebrates to harvest treatment and SMZ thinning were subtle. Relative abundance and total taxa all increased in the control and treatment sites after harvest, suggesting communities may have responded to increased streamflow due to increased rainfall during the study period. Overall, the macroinvertebrate communities appear to have been more strongly influenced by environmental factors (e.g., stream flow, water chemistry, and canopy cover) than by SMZ thinning and harvesting of adjacent stands. [PERSON] et al. [140] examined macroinvertebrate assemblages in six Arkansas low-order streams following harvesting with implementation of BMPs. Stream samples were collected above and below harvested tracts. BMP implementation rates on the harvested tracts ranged between 89% and 100%. Deficiencies in BMPs were generally limited to poorly designed erosion controls; however, no evidence of sedimentation was observed in any of the study stream reaches. Harvesting did not reduce taxonomic richness but did significantly influence several relative abundance metrics. Overall, Arkansas' forestry BMPs were effective in protecting water quality and biological integrity in five of the six study stream reaches examined. [PERSON] et al.