## 4 Discussion
Moreover, while this study focused on the benefits of VR in enhancing the understanding of direct current electrical circuits, its application in the social sciences and other fields suggests a broader potential. Future studies could explore interdisciplinary applications of VR, examining its impact on various educational outcomes and its integration into different curricular areas. Therefore, the findings from this research not only reinforce the efficacy of VR in enhancing educational experiences but also advocate for its broader adoption in curriculum design. As digital literacy becomes increasingly vital in higher education, VR's role in this domain is likely to expand, necessitating ongoing research into its integration, scalability, and long-term educational impacts. Looking ahead, further research should focus on overcoming technological and infrastructural barriers to make VR more accessible across educational sectors. Additionally, studies could explore the long-term impacts of VR on learning retention and student engagement across diverse demographic groups. Another promising area for future investigation is the development of customizable VR content that educators can tailor to specific learning objectives and student needs, potentially transforming VR into a standard teaching tool across educational levels. The constant advent of emerging technologies is creating disparities in access and usage within educational settings, exacerbating issues of digital illiteracy and constraining the pedagogical potential these advancements might offer. Often, traditional classroom strategies prioritize the transmission of theories and concepts in ways that isolate students from engaging and participatory learning processes. Such methods, which emphasize role memory, repetition, and obedience, often position the teacher as the sole arbiter of educational success, thereby diminishing student motivation and hindering the development of knowledge, skills, and values. Conversely, the integration of emerging technologies, underpinned by educational theories such as constructivism and linked with innovative pedagogical methods, offers alternative teaching and learning modalities. Technologies like virtual reality introduce dynamic and disruptive learning environments that can significantly enhance student motivation, acknowledging and building upon students' prior knowledge and fostering the development of skills through problem-solving in real-world contexts ([PERSON], 2018). [PERSON] (2018) highlights that while virtual reality holds substantial educational promise, it requires further research to optimize its content and extend its application broadly. The survey results underscore the high usability, effective pedagogical integration, and robust safety of the VR system. A significant majority of the students rated the preliminary and in-game instructions, as well as the 3D environment and 2D interface design, as excellent or very good, indicating clear guidance and a user-friendly design. The sense of immersion was highly rated, with only minor interaction challenges noted. The pedagogical integration was strong, with most students finding the electrical concepts appropriate and the interactive 3D objects effective in enhancing understanding. The circuit-building module was well-received, meeting practical needs and contributing significantly to learning the fundamentals of DC electrical circuits. Security-wise, the system was stable and comfortable for most users, though a few reported minor physical effects. These findings validate the VR tool's effectiveness in enhancing educational experiences and highlight areas for continuous improvement, aligning with this study's objectives of exploring VR's potential in transforming teaching and learning dynamics in electrical engineering education. The comparison of survey results between the expert panel and the students revealed several key insights into the usability, pedagogical integration, and security of the VR tool.