# Security Perception of IoT Devices in Smart Homes
## 4 Discussion and Conclusions  
In this study, we proposed four hypotheses that were tested using multiple linear regression. The results of the hypothesis are presented here. 1. Device vulnerability awareness had a positive impact on IoT security importance. This hypothesis was confirmed and was significant with a t-value of 5.084. This shows that the users who feel that they are aware of IoT device vulnerabilities also believe that the security and protection of IoT devices are important. 2. Risk of data breach had a positive impact on IoT security importance. The second hypothesis was not significant, meaning that if the user is worried that a cybercriminal might access data on their smart device, it does not necessarily mean that the security of their IoT devices is important to the user. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Frequency** \\ \hline Do you think the usefulness of smart devices & Yes (47.1\%) \\ outweighs concerns about their security? & No (47.1\%) \\ \hline Have you changed your security settings (passwords, & Yes (73.6\%) \\ codes) after purchasing smart devices? & No (26.4\%) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{How often do you change the security settings of your smart devices?} & Every 2 months (1.7\%) \\  & Every 3–6 months (11.6\%) \\  & Every 6–12 months (11.6\%) \\  & After more than 12 months (20.7\%) \\  & Never after the first use (28.1\%) \\ \hline Have you ever been the victim of a cyberattack involving IoT devices in your home? & Yes (0.00\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Questions regarding the security of IoT devices (\(n=121\)). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Independent Variable** & **Standardized \(\beta\)** & **t-Value (\(p\)-Value)** \\ \hline Device vulnerability awareness & 0.436 & 5.084 (0.000 ***) \\ \hline Risk of data breach & 0.238 & 1.833 (0.069) \\ \hline Ransomware attack & \(-\)0.083 & \(-\)0.633 (0.528) \\ \hline PI access breach & 0.108 & 0.996 (0.321) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{\dagger}\)* \(p<0.05\). **\(p<0.01\). *** \(p<0.001\).  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Summary of multiple linear regression analysis (standardized coefficients). Ransomware attack had a negative impact on IoT security importance. The third hypothesis was also not significant but showed a slightly negative impact of _Ransomware attack_ on _IoT security importance_. This shows that if the user is worried that someone might demand a ransom after obtaining control over their system, it does not mean that IoT device security is important to them. PI access breach had a positive impact on IoT security importance. The fourth hypothesis was also not statistically significant. Suppose a user is worried that someone could access their personal information over a smart assistant. In that case, it does not mean that the security and protection of IoT are important to the user. Overall, the multiple linear regression model was confirmed and was significant, with a coefficient of determination of 22.6%. All four independent variables predicted the dependent variable and presented a model that was statistically significant. Still, the independent variable _Device vulnerability awareness_ also had a significant effect on the dependent variable in this model. Further on in our analysis, we also found that the least owned devices were smart refrigerators and smart locks, and on the other hand, these were also the most wished for devices among participants who already had at least one IoT device. Users who did not have any IoT devices wanted to use mainly automatic A/C or heating systems and smart locks. The users who did not use IoT devices most often did not feel the need to use such devices, or the costs of installment were too high. On the other hand, not many participants were concerned about the security of IoT devices. In another study, it was also found that the perceived security risk had an effect on intentions to use smart home devices [12].