# Factors Determining Ticagrelor-Induced Dyspnea in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
## 3 Results
### Associations between Clinical and Genetic Characteristics and the Development of Dyspnea  
Dyspnea was more common among patients having two-vessel CAD (\(p\) = 0.034), hypothyroidism (\(p\) = 0.049), lower ADP HS both during the first investigation (\(p\) < 0.001) and after 3 months (\(p\) = 0.009), higher creatinine concentration (\(p\) = 0.019), and those who used atorvastatin less frequently (\(p\) = 0.027) (Table 3). There was a trend for a greater incidence of dyspnea in older patients (\(p\) = 0.066). The _FBG-C148T_ (rs1800787) gene polymorphism was found to be associated with dyspnea (\(p\) = 0.009) (Table 4). Patients homozygous for the C allele (CC) experienced dyspnea more frequently (\(p\) = 0.014) and heterozygous (CT) less frequently (\(p\) = 0.002) (Table 4). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Genes**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Dyspnea**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\chi^{2}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-5}  & & **No** & & **Yes** \\ \hline _CYP4F2_ (rs2108622) & & & & \\ CC & 83 (62.9) & 31 (54.4) & & \\ CT & 41 (31.1) & 21 (36.8) & 1.307 & 0.520 \\ TT & 8 (6.1) & 5 (8.8) & & \\ C alleleT allele & 207 (78.4)57 & 83 (72.8)31 (27.2) & 1.399 & 0.236 \\ \hline _CYP4F2_ (rs1558139) & & & & \\ AA & 23 (17.4) & 14 (24.6) & & \\ AG & 76 (57.6) & 32 (56.1) & 1.606 & 0.448 \\ GG & 33 (25.0) & 11 (19.3) & & \\ A allele & 122 (46.2) & 60 (52.6) & 1.314 & 0.251 \\ G allele & 142 (53.8) & 54 (47.4) & 1.314 & 0.251 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Incidence of dyspnea by different genotypes in the entire study population. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Characteristic**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Dyspnea**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-5}  & **No (n = 182)** & & **Yes (n = 95)** & \\ \hline BNP after 3 months, pmol/1 & 70 (9–368) & 51 (5–271) & 0.708 \\ ADP HS, U & 25 (9–147) & 19 (2–133) & **-0.001** \\ ADP HS after 3 months, U & 23 (9–58) & 20 (1–32) & **0.009** \\ Creatinine, umol/L & 80 (42–480) & 85 (41–182) & **0.019** \\ CRP, mg/L & 8.25 (0.3–145) & 5.8 (0.3–152.5) & 0.615 \\ LDL-C, mmol/L & 3.5 (1.4–6.7) & 3.3 (1.4–7.1) & 0.348 \\ HGB, g/L & 144 (93–387) & 142 (85–345) & 0.726 \\ \hline LVEF, \% & 50 (20–55) & 45 (20–55) & 0.429 \\ \hline Medications, n (\%) & & & \\ Beta blockers & 177 (97.8) & 92 (97.9) & 0.894 \\ ACE inhibitors & 177 (97.8) & 93 (98.9) & 0.974 \\ Statins (irrespective of dose), n (\%) & & & \\ Atorvastatin & 95 (52.5) & 40 (42.6) & **0.027** \\ Rosvastatin & 86 (47.5) & 54 (57.4) & 0.255 \\ Anticoagulants & 21 (11.5) & 15 (15.8) & 0.318 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values are the median (range) unless indicated otherwise. BMI—body mass index; NSTEM—non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI—ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; CAD—coronary artery disease; DM—diabetes mellitus; AF—atrial fibrillation; BNP—B-type natriuretic peptide; LDL–—low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP—C-reactive protein; HGB—hemoglobin; ACE—angiotensin-converting enzyme; LVEF—left ventricular ejection fraction. ADP HS—platelet aggregation with high-sensitivity ADP.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._