### Red Fruits and Grape
Under optimized conditions (1.2 units of thermostable alkaline protease/100 g pomace, pH 9, 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 2 h hydrolysis), more than 38% of the total lipophilic content of raspberry residue was recovered in the aqueous medium. The recovery of polyphenols and antioxidant activity was, respectively, 48% and 25% higher than those obtained by extraction with a methanol/acetone/water mixture. Recently, [PERSON] et al. reported the application of deep eutectic solvents for the recovery of bioactive compounds from strawberry and raspberry byproducts [151]. The best performing eutectic solvent consisted of a mixture of choline chloride, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid in a ratio of 1:1.7:0.3, and this was able to lead to anthocyanin and polyphenol recovery from raspberry and strawberry extracts. Overall, the best yield was obtained using raspberry pomace, which gave a final extract containing 36.53% of total soluble phenols (compared to 31.74% of acetone extract) and 0.01% of anthocyanins (compared with 0% of acetone extract). \begin{table}
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Table 2: Overview of extraction and utilization of valuable compounds from red fruit and grape pomace. Valorization of Agrifood Byproducts Through Extraction and Recovery of Valuable Compounds: Limitations and Future Directions  
While traditional methods like solvent extraction remain widely used for their simplicity and relatively low upfront costs, they often fall short in terms of environmental sustainability and extraction efficiency. Traditional techniques may require large quantities of toxic and nonsustainable solvents, and high temperatures. These latter can degrade unstable compounds, limiting both the purity and yield of recovered extracts. In contrast, innovative methods such as SFE-CO2, UAE, and MAE offer a more sustainable approach by reducing solvent use, minimizing thermal degradation, and often achieving higher yields in shorter timeframes. However, these novel approaches come with their own set of limitations, such as higher operational costs and technical complexity, which present significant barriers to their economic viability and scalability. For example, SFE-CO2 requires expensive equipment and precise control over pressure and temperature, making it less accessible to small- to medium-scale producers. Additionally, the specialized equipment and energy requirements of MAE and UAE, though potentially less resource-intensive per batch, require substantial upfront investments that might not be justifiable without high throughput to offset costs. In terms of effectiveness, innovative methods generally outperform traditional methods in both extraction yield and selectivity. For instance, SFE-CO2 and UAE can recover higher concentrations of bioactive compounds with greater specificity, thanks to their accurate control over process variables. This allows the extraction of targeted compounds without the same level of thermal or oxidative degradation common in solvent-based extractions. Thus, for high-value compounds, innovative methods may, indeed, be more cost-effective in the long term due to their higher-quality outputs. Yet, when it comes to large-scale applications, the substantial upfront and operational costs associated with these novel technologies still make traditional methods more economically viable in some contexts, especially where the initial quality of the byproduct does not necessitate highly selective extraction techniques. Scaling these methods for industrial use introduces additional challenges, particularly for innovative approaches. Traditional methods, already in widespread use, have established supply chains, well-documented processes, and regulatory approvals, making them easier to scale and implement.