## 2 Methodological and Operational Framework for CDTs
### Enablers for CDTs in Agile Supply Chains
#### 2.3.8 Governance  
According to the Canadian Institute of Governance [32] there are three main questions to start understanding and structuring a governance framework:  
* who has a voice in decision making? * how are decisions made? * Who is accountable? To propagate in the CDT concept, such questions are very important since CDTs are linked with autonomous behaviour capabilities (cognition). Therefore, are aspects on how information is processed, and decisions are taken from business, operational and ethics point of view are quite important to agreed and incorporated in the design and implementation of CDTs in different supply chain contexts. For example, in smart cities an interesting work on governance is made on modelling Cambridge city as a DT [33]. In connected supply chains, we have CDTs of Assets that belong to different owners (as entities) and we need to ensure accountability together with the right decision-making procedures, norms, and rules, so to allow a synchronized decision making, depending on the case occurred. In the real (physical) world, information is shared, processed and decisions are taken considering some business/operational rules or policies and in compliance with the applicable regulatory framework. In the same manner, in the virtual world, the DT needs to be aware of those rules or even that reflect the priorities, policies and other terms of collaboration under which, this DT operates. Such rules can be:
* Data sovereignty and governance: Introduced by the Industrial Data Space [34], this refers to the rules of data management (ownership, terms of conditions and use). * Prioritization of criteria in a context of decision-making (optimization): Imagine a 3d-printing-as-a-service company, which gets an order from a \"big customer\". In the decision on the delivery date (by combining other orders and reschedule its production plan), if there is a strict service level agreement (SLA) of 24h delivery for the customer, this changes the priorities and gives a higher level of important to this particular order. * Legislation/Regulation: Let us assume the case of materials logistics using drones or other autonomous vehicles (according to McKinsey [35], semi- autonomous delivery is expected to be a trend from the near terms in the beginning of the 2020-2030 decade). In such a case, there are specific regulations (with regards where to fly, etc. ), which must be modelled and enforced in the operation of the CDTs. Such rules are very important and special attention has to be given to avoid liability issues. * Reputation and past-experience knowledge: considering again the case of a contractor manufacturer (3D printing), the past-experience creates knowledge and some predicted rules of collaboration behaviour. If the manufacturer's supplier has not proved trustworthy in the terms (e.g., delivery dates) then the 3D printing company faces some risks in delivering the product according to the SLA. Reputation mechanisms and records from previous transactions can form those rules to be considered in the decision-making process. Liability and Compliance with Legislation/Regulation and Ethics DTs are a virtual entity and a question raised is whether liability falls on it should also be accompanied with the necessary of information sharing and processing using AI [36]. DTs are bound with the operation of the physical world and in some cases, there are various issues of liability. Let's take the example of materials autonomous delivery which is giving a lot of attention [37]. In the case of B2B delivery using autonomous vehicles we have the famous social dilemma on where an autonomous vehicle should move to avoid the death of the driver or a passenger [38]. Apart from this, depending on the context of the supply chain we cave specific regulations that have to be met (e.g., Supply Chain Regulation of Pharmaceutical Samples [39]). During the supply chain modelling phase, the role of each CDT must be defined along with the information to be processed and decision-making autonomy.