## 3 Results
### Gravimetric Properties of Paddy
#### 3.4.3 Compressibility Index and Hausner Ratio  
The results of two flow characteristics of different rice varieties, the Hausner ratio and compressibility index, are shown in Table 3. Characterizing the behavior of grains in different hoppers, feeders, and other handling equipment is known as flow properties. This provides an insight into how they will interact during flow. Among the 30 varieties, 22 varieties have good flowability with Carr's index of 15, and for the Hausner ratio, 23 varieties showed excellent to good flowability, whereas 8 varieties indicated poor flowability with HR and CI of \(>\)1.18 and \(>\)16, respectively. The Carr's index and Hausner ratio of the traditional paddy cultivars showed considerable variation. Chithiraikaar had the lowest value for [PERSON]'s index (3.78 \(\pm\) 0.41) and Hausner ratio (1.04), whereas Panangattu Kudavazhai had the highest values for both, with a Carr's index of 17.27 \(\pm\) 0.88 and a Hausner ratio of 1.21 (Table 4).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Varieties** & **Bulk Density** & **Tapped Density** & **True Density** & **Porosity (\%)** & **Carr’s Index** & **Hausner Ratio** \\  & **(g/mL)**ns** & **(g/mL)**ns** & **(g/mL)** & **Porosity (\%)** & **Carr’s Index** & **Hausner Ratio** \\ \hline Kattanur & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 0.10 b  & 42.3 \(\pm\) 2.18 e\({}^{-\text{h}}\) & 12.31 \(\pm\) 0.58 e\({}^{-\text{k}}\) & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ \hline Kichili Samba & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 0.17 b  & 42.3 \(\pm\) 3.64 e\({}^{-\text{h}}\) & 17.06 \(\pm\) 0.87 abc  & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.06 \\ \hline Kothamalli Samba & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 2.50 \(\pm\) 0.18 a  & 54.2 \(\pm\) 4.00 abc  & 13.69 \(\pm\) 1.09 e\({}^{-\text{d}}\) & 1.16 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ \hline Kullakar & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 0.12 b  & 40.8 \(\pm\) 2.55 f\({}^{-\text{d}}\) & 16.32 \(\pm\) 0.97 g\({}^{-\text{d}}\) & 1.19 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ \hline KuruvaiKalanchium & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 1.25 \(\pm\) 0.12 deg  & 23.7 \(\pm\) 2.19 l\({}^{-\text{o}}\) & 10.26 \(\pm\) 1.12 j\({}^{-\text{m}}\) & 1.11 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\ \hline Kuzhiyadichan Samba & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 1.67 \(\pm\) 0.10 bc  & 30.9 \(\pm\) 1.84 kl  & 14.67 \(\pm\) 0.57 b\({}^{-\text{g}}\) & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ \hline Mapppila Samba & 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 1.08 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 1.67 \(\pm\) 0.12 bc  & 35.1 \(\pm\) 2.49 h\({}^{\text{h}}\) & 11.92 \(\pm\) 0.82 b\({}^{-\text{l}}\) & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ \hline Mattaikkar & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 1.04 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 1.43 \(\pm\) 0.05 cd  & 27.0 \(\pm\) 1.02 k\({}^{-\text{o}}\) & 8.25 \(\pm\) 0.52 mn  & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ \hline Milagu Samba & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 1.05 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 1.43 \(\pm\) 0.06 cd  & 26.7 \(\pm\) 1.21 k\({}^{-\text{o}}\) & 3.82 \(\pm\) 0.39 o  & 1.04 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\ \hline [PERSON] & 0.91 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 2.50 \(\pm\) 0.17 a  & 59.5 \(\pm\) 4.08 a  & 9.84 \(\pm\) 1.02 k\({}^{\text{hm}}\) & 1.11 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\ \hline Navara & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 1.19 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 0.19 b  & 40.3 \(\pm\) 3.85 f\({}^{-\text{d}}\) & 16.80 \(\pm\) 1.04 s\({}^{-\text{d}}\) & 1.20 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ \hline [PERSON] & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 1.43 \(\pm\) 0.07 cd  & 23.4 \(\pm\) 1.12 mo  & 11.84 \(\pm\) 0.89 kl  & 1.13 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ \hline Norungan & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 1.67 \(\pm\) 0.09 bc  & 29.0 \(\pm\) 1.49 k\({}^{-\text{a}}\) & 14.61 \(\pm\) 0.68 c\({}^{-\text{g}}\) & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ \hline PanangattuKudavazhai & 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 0.12 b  & 42.8 \(\pm\) 1.71 f\({}^{-\text{d}}\) & 17.27 \(\pm\) 0.88 a  & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.06 \\ \hline Poongar & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 1.67 \(\pm\) 0.12 bc  & 31.5 \(\pm\) 2.32 b  & 14.34 \(\pm\) 1.14 d\({}^{-\text{h}}\) & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ \hline Salem Sanna & 1.02 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 1.13 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.01 e  & 31.0 \(\pm\)