## 2 State-of-the-Art and Innovative Contribution of this Research  
Numerous design procedures have been developed by researchers and applied worldwide. The most innovative procedures are displacement based and are intended for installing dissipative devices on additional braces. Among these procedures, a detailed summary is presented below. [PERSON] [14] focuses on passive energy dissipation systems and, more specifically, the dampers that can be positioned in steel braces to increase the absorption of seismic energy and to protect them from buckling. [PERSON] [15] aimed to investigate the effectiveness of energy dissipation devices in enhancing seismic performance and possibly extending the nominal service life of these structures. Seismic retrofitting with two dissipation devices was considered herein, namely, a rotational friction damper and a bracing system with dissipative sacrificial elements. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [16] presented a risk-based optimal design procedure for retrofit interventions with dissipative bracing systems by further developing this method. The procedure provides the optimal characteristics of braces to obtain a retrofitted structure that respects limits on the mean annual frequency of the exceedance, \(\lambda_{\text{LS}}\), for multiple limit states. The seismic protection of new or pre-existing buildings with a steel self-centering device (SSCD) was investigated by [PERSON] et al. [17], who developed, designed, and experimentally validated the device (equipped with replaceable steel dissipative elements and pre-stressing cables to minimize the residual deformation of the system after a seismic event). A novel retrofitting technique for precast concrete industrial frame buildings, based on tension-only monolateral dissipative devices mounted on steel braces, was proposed by [PERSON] [18]. These braces act as energy fuses and can provide additional stiffness and relevant hysteretic damping to the structural behavior during low-drift cycles. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] proposed a design procedure to provide the required effective damping using additional buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) to achieve the desired target displacement. [PERSON] et al. [9] introduced an energy equivalence criterion for dimensioning the bracing system based on the ultimate frame displacement capacity. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11] put forward an energy-based iterative design procedure for retrofitting existing RC frames using steel braces with shear links, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving both operational and life safety performance levels. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9; 19] defined a comprehensive design procedure for dissipative braces, encompassing the design of the braces' stiffness, yielding force, and metallic components for seismic retrofitting. An optimization procedure is also included, based on static nonlinear analysis, enabling a useful comparison between standard and innovative pushover procedures and considering the influence of higher-mode contributions [20; 21; 22]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] developed a design procedure based on defining a target displacement and iteratively determining the properties of an equivalent damping system. The assumptions proposed in the procedure characterize the equivalent damping system in terms of the equivalent stiffness and independently determined yielding force. Moreover, many researchers have focused their attention on the possibility for reducing the seismic vulnerability of existing infilled frame buildings, using dissipative systems to prevent damage to infills and partitions controlling the interstory drift. The first applications of this approach were proposed by [PERSON] et al. [19] and, more recently, by [PERSON] et al. [24; 25; 26; 27]. The techniques described above are now well-known and have been applied.