## 5 Simulation Analysis
### Optimization Result Analysis
Therefore, the BSS's ability of \"charging in low-price period and discharging in high-price period\" is weakened, which is adverse to the interest of the RE company and the BSS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \(\alpha\) & **RE Company \(\mathbf{\check{\gamma}}\)** & **BSS \(\mathbf{\check{\gamma}}\)** \\ \hline
5\% & 276,502 & 58,803 \\
10\% & 276,480 & 58,671 \\
15\% & 276,458 & 58,539 \\
20\% & 276,437 & 58,407 \\
25\% & 276,415 & 58,276 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The revenue of both sides with different \(\alpha\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Average Charge/Discharge** & & & \\
**Price \(\mathbf{\check{\gamma}}\)/MWh** & & & \\ \hline
750 & 277,911 & 57,240 & 335,151 \\
720 & 276,480 & 58,671 & 335,151 \\
650 & 272,196 & 62,955 & 335,151 \\
600 & 269,136 & 66,015 & 335,151 \\
550 & 266,076 & 69,075 & 335,151 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: The revenue of both sides with different average charge/discharge price. * Sensitivity analysis of rated capacity \(Q_{\text{max}}\) of BSS  
In addition to providing battery-switching services to EVs, the BSS also acts as an ESS to provide energy reserve for the RE company. BSS can make use of price differences of different time to earn profit. Obviously, a larger rated capacity is more conducive to the demand response of the BSS. As can be seen from Table 5, the BSS's revenue has increased as the \(Q_{\text{max}}\) increases. The increasing discharged energy of the BSS in Table 5 also indicates that BSS's ability to provide capacity backup for the RE company has been increased accordingly, resulting in the revenue increase of the RE company. Although a higher \(Q_{\text{max}}\) is beneficial for increasing the operating income of BSS, exorbitant capacity will increase the investment costs, resulting in a waste of resources. Therefore, a trade-off is needed between operating income and investment cost. * Influence of the battery-swapping demand on the BSS  
In order to analyze the impact of battery swapping demand on BSS, three cases are designed. Case 1: Swapping demand for each period of time in Figure 2 is multiplied by 0.8;  
Case 2: Swapping demand is shown in Figure 2;  
Case 3: Swapping demand for each period of time in Figure 2 are multiplied by 1.2. The BSS's income includes the fee of charging EVs user for battery switching service, and the income from selling energy to the RE company, which is positively correlated with the discharged energy of the BSS. With the increase of battery swapping demand, BSS's ability of \"charging in low-price period and discharging in high-price period\" is weakened. Therefore, as can be seen from Table 6, the discharged energy of BSS decreases with the increase of swapping demand. This will result in a reduction in the second portion of the income of BSS mentioned above. However, as a result of the increase in battery swapping demand, the BSS's income from battery switching services has increased accordingly, and the overall revenue of the BSS in Table 6 has increased as the battery swapping demand increases. Figure 6: The remaining energy of the BSS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \(Q_{\text{max}}\) **MWh** & **RE Company Revenue V** & **BSS Revenue V** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Discharged Energy of** \\ **BSS MWh** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
55 & 276,480 & 58,671 & 30.5 \\
60 & 276,819 & 60,872 & 35.0 \\
65 & 276,973 & 63,300 & 39.7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The influence of \(Q_{\text{max}}\) on the RE company and BSS. * Benefit of the distribution company  
Although the cooperation between the RE company and the BSS does not bring direct economic revenue to the distribution company, the controllability of the RE is improved by the cooperation, which can reduce the adverse impact of the RE on the power grid.