## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methods
#### 2.3.2 Slump Flow, V-Funnel, and L-Box  
About 30 L of SCC was prepared to conduct slump flow tests according to the established mix design procedure outlined by EFNARC [30]. Hydraulic fluid was used to moisten the interior surfaces and flow table surfaces. [PERSON]'s cone with a flow table was  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Trials** & **CA (kg/m3)** & **FA (kg/m3)** & **OPC/LC3-50 (kg/m3)** & **L (kg/m3)** & **w/c *** & **w/p *** & **CS/AVM** \\ \hline TR1 & 1078.00 & 562.13 & 363.38 & 224.22 & 0.43 & 0.8 & 1.82 \\ TR2 & 1078.00 & 562.13 & 363.38 & 224.22 & 0.48 & 0.9 & 3.63 \\ TR3 & 970.20 & 644.57 & 331.41 & 204.49 & 0.48 & 0.9 & 4.97 \\ TR4 & 862.40 & 732.64 & 351.14 & 216.67 & 0.48 & 0.8 & 3.51 \\ TR5 & 862.40 & 732.64 & 351.14 & 216.67 & 0.48 & 0.9 & 7.02 \\ TR6 & 970.20 & 644.57 & 331.41 & 204.49 & 0.48 & 0.9 & 4.97 \\ TR7 & 970.20 & 644.57 & 331.41 & 204.49 & 0.48 & 0.9 & 6.62 \\ TR8 & 970.20 & 644.57 & 331.41 & 204.49 & 0.50 & 1.0 & 4.97 \\ TR9 & 970.20 & 644.57 & 331.41 & 204.49 & 0.48 & 0.9 & 6.62 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
* \(w/c\)—water to cement ration; \(w/p\)—water to powder ratio.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Mix design of the studied SCC.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Trials** & **d (mm)** & **Relative Slump** & **H\({}_{2}\)/H\({}_{1}\) (mm)** & **V-Funnel (s)** & **Observations *** & **Further Testing** \\ \hline TR1 & 398.5 & 0.99 & 0 & 15+ & S & No \\ TR2 & 432.5 & 1.16 & 0 & 15+ & S & No \\ TR3 & 615.0 & 2.07 & 0.68 & 8 & F; S-V & No \\ TR4 & 497.5 & 1.49 & 0 & 15 & S & No \\ TR5 & 762.5 & 2.81 & 0.88 & 6 & F; B & No \\ TR6 & 515.0 & 1.57 & 0.18 & 13 & H-V & No \\ TR7 & 672.5 & 2.36 & 0.81 & 8 & F & Yes \\ TR8 & 762.5 & 2.81 & 0.83 & 5 & F; B & No \\ TR9 & 659.0 & 2.30 & 0.20 & 6 & F; B & No \\ \hline \end{tabular}
* B–Bleeding; F—Flowable; H-V—Highly viscous; S—Stiff; S-V—Slightly viscous.  
\end{table}
Table 5: Slump flow, L-box Test, and V-funnel results of the designed SCC.  
set on a level ground. For the volume of a sample needed to work with, the test required three people. The concrete was filled in the cone and the excess was removed. Then, the cone was lifted and the material was left to flow. The diameters of the slump flow were measured and labeled as d1 and d2, and then their average was determined.  
Approximately 6 L of a mixture was used for the V-funnel test. The equipment was set at level ground and was filled with the studied SCC. The trap door at the bottom was then opened, and a stopwatch was started simultaneously to record the time needed for the complete discharge (the flow time).  
Lastly, the L-box test was also conducted on the fresh mixtures. The apparatus consisted of a rectangular section box in the shape of an \"L\" with vertical and horizontal sections separated by a movable gate. The vertical part of the equipment was filled with the mixture, and then the movable gate was lifted. The filling and passing ability of the studied SCC were assessed using this test. The depth distance of the horizontal configuration of the channel was measured and noted as \"H\({}_{1}\)\" and \"H\({}_{2}\)\". The blocking ratio was then calculated as H\({}_{2}\)/H\({}_{1}\) within five minutes.