## 3 Results  
### Temperature and Precipitation  
Figure 1 illustrates a spatial comparison between historical data and climate change projections for total precipitation and average temperature during the province of Quebec golf season (May to November). The meteorological variables considered in this study, namely average temperature and total precipitation, are integral components of the hybrid model developed by [PERSON] et al. [17]. This model serves the purpose of estimating pesticide usage on golf courses. The hybrid model's integration of climatic data, precisely average temperature and total precipitation, provides valuable insights into potential changes in future pesticide requirements for golf courses. It is important to emphasize that the presented values for these meteorological variables are averages derived from various scenarios employed for the CanESM2 (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) and CanESM5 (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) climate models. A comparison was made between historical precipitation data and its projected values based on the CanESM2 and CanESM5 models, revealing that the highest levels of both historical and projected precipitation are concentrated around Quebec City (Figure 1). Figure 1: Spatial comparison of historical and climate change modeling results for total precipitation (mm) and average temperature (“C) during the golf season in the province of Quebec (from May to November). In all maps, the star indicates the location of Quebec City. The color gradients represent the range of values, with darker shades of green and yellow representing lower values and orange to red indicating higher values. The scale bars represent the distance in kilometers. Interestingly, the observed and predicted data show that higher total precipitation amounts occur in the area located north of Quebec City. The minimum historical total precipitation occurred in the western part of the study area (Figure 1). The results from CanESM5 were consistent with historical precipitation patterns, showing minimal precipitation in the western part of the region (Figure 1). However, when the projected precipitation based on the CanESM2 model was examined, it was noted that the minimum precipitation shifted towards the southern areas, deviating from historical patterns (Figure 1). Notably, as one moves from the western to the central areas, a decrease in precipitation intensity was projected by CanESM5 (Figure 1) compared to historical data (Figure 1). In the southern portion of the study area, the distribution of precipitation in all three scenarios--historical, CanESM2, and CanESM5--is quite similar. However, it is worth noting that historical precipitation records showed values approximately 30% higher than those projected by CanESM2 and roughly 20% higher than those projected by CanESM5 (Figure 2A). In scrutinizing the average season temperature (AST), the historical record reveals a minimum AST of 6.17 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 1), while corresponding values for CanESM2 and CanESM5 stand at 9.26 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 1) and 10.79 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 1), respectively. The presence of this disparity directs attention to the projections of AST levels for the future, as dictated by the CanESM2 and CanESM5 models, indicating an increase of 50.08% and 74.87% (respectively) in forthcoming AST. The comparison of these temperature metrics further illustrates an average difference of approximately 10.9% between the two climate models. Furthermore, the highest historical AST on record registers at 12.11 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 1). In contrast, the corresponding values for the CanESM2 and CanESM5 models amount to 15.26 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 1) and 16.55 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 1), respectively. This incongruity underscores the foreseeable escalation in future AST levels foreseen by the CanESM2 and CanESM5 models, signifying an increase of 26.01% and 36.66% (respectively) in the predicted maximum AST.