## 1 Introduction  
The primary host rocks for diamonds worldwide are broadly classified into two categories: kimberlites and lamproites. The key difference between kimberlites and lamproites is that the former are either sourced in the asthenosphere or formed from subcratonic lithospheric mantle (SCLM) lithologies metasomatized by asthenospheric melts shortly before partial melting [1; 2; 3; 4; 5], whereas the latter are purely SCLM melts from metasomatized lithologies [6; 7; 8]. Kimberlites, a rare ultrabasic volcanic rock, are considered one of the primary host rocks of diamonds and may represent magmas originating from the deepest parts of the mantle (>150-200 km) that have been observed on the Earth's surface [9]. Kimberlites have significant economic and scientific importance due to their role as primary diamond hosts and potential representatives of the deepest continental magmas. At the surface, kimberlites manifest in the form of diatremes, sills, and dikes. Kimberlite diatremes typically consist of multiple units derived from distinct magma batches, whereas sills and dikes represent one or more discrete magma injections at the Earth's surface [10; 11; 12; 13; 14]. Kimberlites entrain large amounts of mantle and crustal material (xenoliths and xenocrysts), including fragments of previously failed kimberlite deposits, and these xenoliths and xenocrysts contain much information about the deep Earth, providing a valuable way to study the deep Earth. Hence, the significance of kimberlite research cannot be underestimated, and it is imperative to investigate the compositions, magma evolution and emplacement mechanisms of kimberlites. The magmatic evolution path and emplacement process of the southern Liaoning kimberlite located in the eastern part of the North China Craton (NCC) have not been effectively discussed. In the past, it was believed that the exsolution of significant amounts of CO\({}_{2}\)-rich phases in the deep mantle served as the primary driving force for kimberlite melt emplacement. The presence of a significant quantity of carbonates in the kimberlite matrix clearly contradicts this viewpoint [15; 16; 17; 18; 19]. We have identified a significant quantity of carbonate veins and minerals (primarily calcite) within the southern Liaoning kimberlite deposits and an abundance of nonexplosively emplaced kimberlites (such as the No. 110 kimberlite dike). Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a suitable method and media to study this problem. Philogopite is a rock-forming mineral commonly found in ultramafic-alkaline mantle-derived rocks, such as kimberlites, ailikites, orangeites and carbonates [20; 21; 22]. Phlogopite exists as megacrysts (>10 mm) [14], macrocrystals (\(\sim\)0.5 mm), and groundmass grains (\(\sim\)0.1 mm) [21; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27]. These crystals often show complex zonation, with dark-colored overgrowths often formed as rims around cores with resorption structures. Deformation structures, such as kink-banding and undulose extinction, are commonly observed and are believed to result from deep mantle transport. Additionally, some of the phlogopite macrocrystals likely originate from metasomatized mantle rock disaggregation. It has been reported that the composition of phlogopite macrocryst cores in the Wesselton kimberlite (Kimberley cluster) is similar to that of phlogopite in the Kimberley metastatic mantle rocks [28], suggesting that the two may have similar origins. The intricate zoning pattern of phlogopite has immense potential to unravel the crust-mantle evolution of kimberlite, providing a rare opportunity to study the evolution of kimberlite and its related melts after olivine. Worldwide, over the last few decades, much information about the magma evolution and lithology determination of kimberlites has been gleaned from the zonal structure of olivine elsewhere in the past [2; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36]. Currently, global research on minerals in kimberlite primarily focuses on olivine, garnet, perovskite, and spinel [37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46].