# Adhesion Performance between Solid Waste and Bitumen Based on Surface Energy Theory
## 1 Introduction
The road performance meets the requirements of relevant specifications during such a replacement, and the heat insulation effect can increase from 140% to 360% [12]. Waste ceramics were also used to replace gravel aggregates to design ceramic cement pavement; this replacement demonstrated that the mechanical properties of ceramics are better than those of ordinary cement concrete when their content is 50% to 70% [13]. Ceramic particles and powders were used as concrete aggregates and admixtures in different test programs, showing that the compressive strength of recycled mixture gradually rose as the number of ceramic particles increased [14]. Surface energy theory is a theory that studies the essential reasons for adhesion between substances. Surface energy theory has been studied for a long time in the field of construction materials. In 1997, surface energy theory was first applied in the field of construction materials. The surface energy index was used as a test evaluation index to investigate the water damage and fatigue resistance performances of asphalt pavements [15]. The bitumen-aggregate adhesion model [16] and spalling model [17] were established in recent years through theoretical analysis based on surface energy theory. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation, proving the effectiveness of the theoretical method based on surface energy theory. The change in adhesion work, between modified bitumen mixed with lime and granite, was analyzed on the basis of surface energy theory to study the effect of lime on the adhesion performance of bitumen fundamentally. The results show that the addition of lime can increase the surface energy of bitumen, raising the adhesion work between bitumen and aggregates and improving the adhesion performance of bitumen [18]. The spalling phenomenon of the asphalt mixture under different conditions was analyzed on the basis of surface energy theory and pull-off testing, thus providing theoretical and experimental bases for improving the water damage resistance of asphalt mixtures [19]. The steam adsorption method was used to obtain the surface energy parameters of broken gravel samples at 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the plug-in method was utilized to obtain the surface energy parameters of bitumen with anti-stripping agents with four different contents (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) at 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Furthermore, the binding energy between broken gravel and bitumen with different contents of anti-stripping agents, and the surface energy evaluation index of water damage resistance, can be calculated [20]. The static drop and plug-in methods were used to measure the surface energy parameters of bitumen and aggregates to obtain the optimal content of anti-stripping agents in an asphalt-granite mixture from a microscopic viewpoint; the index ER was also calculated, which indicates the adhesion performance between bitumen and aggregates. Therefore, the optimal content of the anti-stripping agent is 0.4% [21]. Typically, when scholars study the use of solid waste in road construction, they usually first conduct basic performance tests on solid waste to compare their differences with natural aggregates. Different amounts of solid waste are then added into the asphalt mixture, and the performance of the mixture is compared with different solid waste contents to obtain the best content. Finally, surface energy theory is used to establish the bitumen-aggregate adhesion and spalling models, and different comprehensive indicators (ER and CER) are then utilized to judge the bitumen-aggregate adhesion performance and further determine the water damage resistance of the mixture. In addition, an analysis of the benefits from solid waste is conducted. Most studies on the basic properties of solid waste only test the relevant indexes of the aggregates according to the relevant requirements. These indexes are mainly macroscopic factors, but the chemical and mineral compositions that cause these changes are disregarded.