## 2 Experimental Procedure
### Hydrolysis Test  
Hydrolysis Experiment: The hydrogen production performance of as-cast Mg, Mg-10/20/30 Al, and Mg-10/20/30 Zn alloys at different reaction temperatures was tested using a self-made hydrogen production reactor with a hydrolysis setup, with the hydrogen \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Sample** & **Mg (wt.\%)** & **Al (wt.\%)** & **Zn (wt.\%)** \\ \hline Pure Mg & 100 & — & — \\ Mg-10 Al & 80.1 & 10.9 & — \\ Mg-20 Al & 79.63 & 20.37 & — \\ Mg-30 Al & 68.53 & 31.47 & — \\ Mg-10 Zn & 88.95 & — & 11.05 \\ Mg-20 Zn & 78.82 & — & 21.18 \\ Mg-30 Zn & 70.63 & — & 29.37 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Composition mass ratios of pure magnesium, magnesium–aluminum, and magnesium–zinc alloys. volume measured at atmospheric pressure. Before each experiment, 10 g of the original material is weighed and used for the reaction. Each group of experiments is repeated 4 times. The hydrogen production setup mainly consists of a steam generator, a reactor, a data recorder, and a terminal display controller. Specifically, the internal volume of the reaction kettle is 2 L. The heating rate is set at 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C per minute and, before steam injection, the internal pressure was 10 Pa; after injection, it increased to 0.8 MPa. The data recording equipment primarily includes a hydrogen flowmeter, capable of detecting both instantaneous and cumulative hydrogen flow rates; a hydrogen purity analyzer for detecting the purity of the produced hydrogen; and a thermocouple for real-time monitoring of temperature changes inside the reactor. The reactor primarily serves as a container for the Mg/H\({}_{2}\)O hydrogen production reaction, where superheated steam generated by a steam generator and a steam heater is introduced into the reactor to participate in the hydrogen production reaction. The outer wall of the reactor is uniformly wrapped with resistance wires and employs variable frequency heating technology. Accurate and controllable temperatures within the range of 100-700 \({}^{\circ}\)C can be achieved through a control box connected to the reactor and multiple temperature sensors installed inside the reactor for measuring temperature at various points. At its top, the reactor is equipped with steam inlet piping and hydrogen outlet piping. At the other end of the hydrogen outlet piping, there is a hydrogen condensation, purification, and refinement unit, followed by a hydrogen purity analyzer and a flowmeter for real-time data detection and collection. The steam generation device is located outside the reaction kettle. The reaction kettle itself is equipped with a steam inlet pipeline. In each experimental process, the reaction kettle device is first heated up to the set temperature, and then the steam is introduced by connecting the external steam pipeline to the steam inlet pipeline of the reaction kettle itself. Before each experiment, the tightness of the pipeline is checked, and it is ensured that there is no blockage of other products inside the pipeline. The H\({}_{2}\)O-H\({}_{2}\) mixed gas generated by the magnesium metal hydrolysis reaction passes through a condenser and a drying oven in sequence to obtain high-purity hydrogen. For the hydrogen separation and purification device, as well as the data collection part, all the pipeline connections upstream of the condenser are made of 316 L stainless steel seamless pipes, and the pipeline connections after the condenser are all made of pressure-resistant pneumatic quick-connect pipes. The steam generation device is outside the reaction kettle with a steam inlet pipeline. Before each experiment, the pipeline tightness is checked. The kettle is heated to the set temperature, then steam is introduced. The H\({}_{2}\)O-H\({}_{2}\) gas from magnesium hydrolysis passes through a condenser and drying oven for high-purity hydrogen. For separation, purification, and data collection, 316 L stainless steel seamless pipes are used upstream of the condenser, and pressure-resistant pneumatic quick-connect pipes are used downstream.