## 3 Results
### Acacia
#### 3.2.2. Acacia auriculiformis  
(L.)  
_Acacia auriculiformis_, commonly referred to as black wattle, _Auri_, Earleaf acacia, and Earpod wattle, is a species of _Acacia_ that is commonly found in Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. It was introduced to Africa about 50 years ago [75]. It is a medium-sized, prickly, nearly evergreen tree that, in its natural habitat, can grow to a height of 20-25 m on favourable sites but may only become a shrub under unfavourable growing conditions [76]. It has been shown that an aqueous extract of _A. auriculiformis_ can be used to dye and finish textile substrates made of both proteins and cellulosic materials simultaneously. Textiles dyed with _A. auriculiformis_ have excellent colourfasness to washing and good light fastness qualities [77].  
_Acacia auriculiformis_ is a significant ethnomedical plant that has historically been used for the treatment of many health conditions, including itchy skin, rashes, itchy eyes, aches, and rheumatism [78]. The _Ibibio_ people of Nigeria use it to treat malaria while the Australian Aborignes use a decoction of the plant's root for the treatment of rheumatism  
Figure 4: Some compounds isolated from the _Acacia_ genus.  
and the plant's bark infusion for the treatment of aches and sore eyes [79; 80]. Additionally, the tree's seeds are employed to treat a variety of skin conditions, including rashes, allergies, and itching [79; 80].  
_Acacia auriculiformis_ has been researched for a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimalarial, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-filarial, cestocidal, central nervous system depressant, antimutagenic, chemoprevertive, spermicidal, hepatoprotective, and wound healing [79; 81; 82]. The antioxidant activities of different plants part of _A. acuriculiformis_ using DPPH free-radical-scavenging assay activity, hydroxyl radical assay, reducing power assay, linoleic acid emulsion system assay, ABTS assay, metal chelation and antihemolytic activity assays have all been documented [79; 81; 82; 83]. The extracts showed significant dose-dependent radical scavenging power and reducing power for hydroxyl radicals and DPPH [81; 83; 84]. Organic extract from _A. auriculiformis_ has been shown to have antimutagenic and chemoprotective properties. It has also been shown that the extracts of ethyl acetate and acetone can scavenge free radicals [85]. The effectiveness of the bark and pod extract of _A. auriculiformis_ as a hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic agent was demonstrated in animal models with paracetamol-induced liver injury and alloxan-induced diabetes [79].  
Several phytochemicals have been reported from _A. auriculiformis_ including three new triterpenoids and a new triterpenoid trisaccharide discovered by [PERSON] et al. [86]. Botulin, a triterpenoid, was also recently discovered in the stem bark of _A. auriculiformis_[82]. Two acaciasides isolated from the funicles of _A. auriculiformis_, acaciaside A and B (**33**), have significant antifungal and antibacterial activities [87]. At a concentration of about 300 g/mL, the substances prevented the growth of the fungi _Aspergillus ochaceous_ and _Curvularia lunta._ Teracciidin (**29**) and 3,4,7,8-tetrahydroroxyflavanone (**30**), two additional isolated compounds (Figure 4), demonstrated strong antifungal activity. Both fruit extracts and a tetrahydroxy flavone isolated from the stem bark of _A. auriculiformis_ have been shown to have protein kinase inhibitory activity. Acaciaside-B (Ac-B), which was isolated from _A. auriculiformis_, has been granted a patent for use in vaginal contraception and HIV prevention [78]. A combination of two partially triterpenoid saponins (Tg), isolated from the species, has demonstrated sperm immobilizing activity [88]. _A. auriculiformis_ bark contains betulin (**36**) has been shown to be a multi-target protein kinase inhibitor, an activity that may be related to the plant's anticancer properties [82].