# Regular Physical Activity and Dental Erosion: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author, Year, Setting** & **Participants** & **Age [Years]** & **Controls (f/M, Age)** & **Kind of Physical** & **Kind of Beverages** & **Clinical Indices for** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2015, Germany [30] & 35 (11/24) & 21–48; mean 36.8 & 35 (sex-and age-matched) & triathlon (swimming, cycling, running) & sports drinks & BEWE \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2018, UK [31] & 344 (114/230) & 18–39; mean 25.0 & - & \begin{tabular}{c} athletics, gymnastics, \\ sprint cycling and sprint \\ swimming; swimming, swimming, \\ craving, football, \\ rugby, hockey, sailing \\ \end{tabular} & NR & BEWE \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2019, Belgium [32] & 232 (07 with DS.) & 9–62; mean 23.9 & - & Special Olympics & NR & BEWE \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2002, USA [33] & 304 (119/185) & 18–28; mean 19.0 & - & football, lactose & sports drinks & Lussi Index \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2012, Norway [34] & 104 (68/36) & 18–32; mean 25.0 & 116 (75/41; 18-year-old) & fitness & \begin{tabular}{c} acidic drinks \\ (including sports \\ drinks) \\ \end{tabular} & VEDE \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2013, UK [35] & 278 (119/159) & 16–47; mean 25.7 & - & \begin{tabular}{c} the London 2012 \\ Olympic Games: track \\ and field, bowing, \\ hockey, swimming, \\ water polo, judo, \\ volleyball, shooting, \\ football, weightfitting \\ fencing, archery, \\ handball, beach \\ volleyball, teakwondo, \\ wrestling, cycling, \\ basketball, canoing, \\ gymnastics, coustertain, \\ sailing, table tennis, \\ roving, badminiton \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} sports drinks \\ \end{tabular} & BEWE \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2020, Poland [37] & 102 (48/54) & 15–18 & 53 (35/18; 15–18) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} team sports, fighting \\ sports, water sports, \\ individual sports \\ \end{tabular} & sports drinks & BEWE \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2019, India [38] & 56 (21/35) & mean 15.0 & - & swimming & fizzy drinks & presence according to the WHO criteria \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2021, Portugal [39] & 110 (54/56): 55 swimmers and 55 non-swimmers & 13–62; mean 27.9 & - &
\begin{tabular}{c} swimming, \\ bodybuilding, football, \\ housing, volleyball, and \\ running \\ \end{tabular} & BEWE \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2014, Lithuania [40] & 132 (48/84) & 12–25 & - & swimming & sports and soft \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study** & **Physical Activity** & **Sports Drink** & **Sports Drink** & **Erosion Frequency** & **Erosion Severity** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2017 & 33.3\% more than 3 times a week & 38.9\% & regularly & 19.4\% & Classes 1 and 2 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2013 [26] & 95\% more than 2 h a day & - & - & 90\% & NR \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2011 [27] & average training time per week 20.6 h & 84\% & 53.8\% more than 2 times a week & 0\% & - \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2013 [28] & competitive over 19 h & & & more than 26\% in & 100\% with grade 1 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2013 [28] & recreational less than 2 h per week & - & - & competitive and 10\% & according to the \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Detailed characteristics of included studies considering potential impact of physical activity and sports drink consumption on dental erosion. Based on the included studies reporting the prevalence of erosion in physically active individuals, it was determined that the aggregate prevalence was approximately 46.55% [95% CI: 36.10-57.15%]. Similarly, in this group, the summarised frequency of the consumption of sports drinks was estimated to be around 56.02% [95% CI: 29.70-80.64%]. Altogether, regular consumption of isotonic drinks by athletes was associated with a more than 2.5-fold increase in the odds of erosive lesions. It should be noted that the total  
Figure 4: Forest plot presenting the summarised prevalence of sports drink consumption among physically active individuals.