# Efficient Secure Routing Mechanisms for the Low-Powered IoT Network: A Literature Review
## 8 Categories of Network Attacks in WSN-IoT Layers  
Network attacks can be classified based on the specific IoT layer they hit. However, the categories of network attacks on IoT layers are Physical. Network, Software and Data Attacks [77].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Sr. No** & **Services** & **Challenges** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & \multirow{3}{*}{Data Confidentiality} & Data confidentiality is a significant concern in WSN-IoT frameworks since the customer can access the details and system administration. As a result, an IoT device access management system is required to identify the legitimate user and allow system access. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Privacy} & Entities are linked, and information is conveyed and traded across the Internet, providing client safety while posing various hazards to sensitive data in numerous ways. There is a high chance of security vulnerabilities, such as sniffing and spoofing, unapproved access, and data alteration through unauthorized modification of WSN-IoT nodes. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{3} & \multirow{3}{*}{Trust management} & IoT layers have a distinct and diverse set of devices. Every device generates massive amounts of data subject to numerous attacks, risks, and concerns. These flaws are extended to each IoT layer and highly affect the quality of information or administration. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4} & \multirow{3}{*}{Vulnerabilities} & Vulnerabilities are the loopholes that allow the attacker to access the device unethically and steal important information. Vulnerabilities in WSN-IoT exist at numerous levels, including user devices, scripts, hardware, methodologies, etc., which cause the framework to fail. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{5} & \multirow{3}{*}{Security} & Security is a significant concern in all fields. The growth in the number of connected devices to communication networks in the Internet of Things [61] leads to increased security risks and new security challenges, such as unauthorized access. With the help of unauthorized access, attackers can steal information and take complete control of smart appliances which causes inconvenience to their users. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{6} & \multirow{3}{*}{Interoperability} & WSN-IoT devices that are poorly designed might harm network resources. However, the customer rarely pays attention to the products and services that lack versatility. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{7} & \multirow{3}{*}{Authentication, Identification, and Authorization} & An attacker can access the network by inserting erroneous statements if the authentication is poorly handled. However, it is challenging to ensure authentication nowadays because of the wireless media’s existence and the nature of sensor networks. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{8} & \multirow{3}{*}{Attacks} & An important issue is an assault by hackers and rogue nodes that damages the machines on the network. The current security limits imposed on WSN-IoT render it vulnerable to various threats. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Security challenges in WSN-IoT.