## 1 Introduction  
The major digital TV standards are Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) [1], Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) [2], Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) [3], Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast (DTMB) [4], and so on. Each standard has developed its technology independently. Each standard has technological strengths, but the economic feasibility is poor due to overlapping investments in technology and market divisions. In addition, they are incompatible because they use different technologies. Accordingly, global cooperation is needed for next-generation terrestrial digital broadcasting to prevent the divide between technology and the market. Thus, the future of broadcast television (FOBTV) was established [5]. The FOBTV defines the use cases for next-generation broadcasting systems and technical issues to realize the system. Among these, this paper focuses on the uniform protocol stack and ultra-high definition television (UHDTV). The uniform protocol stack demonstrates the policy of FOBTV toward a global standard. Therefore, the ATSC standardized the next-generation broadcasting system, ATSC 3.0, as an all internet protocol (IP)-based system [6]. Moreover, UHDTV supports a 4K (3840 \(\times\) 2160) or 8K (7680 \(\times\) 4320) display resolution and has a display resolution that is 4 or 16 times clearer than full high definition (FHD) (1920 \(\times\) 1080). This depends on the resolution, frame rate, bit depth, and so on of the media content; thus, the volume of media content to be transmitted increases. Higher quality results in a higher required transmission bit rate [7]. Terrestrial broadcasting technology has increased the broadcasting network resources due to the development of technologies, such as the error correction code, diversity technologies (multiple input and multiple output, space-time coding, and time-frequency splicing), and signal processes, but it is still limited and fixed compared to communication networks. It is also important to increase the terrestrial broadcasting network resources with new technologies, but it is key to analyze and use the given broadcasting network resources efficiently. The transmission delay of media is a major issue in IP-based transmission systems. The delay affects the quality of experience (QoE) [8]. It analyzes the delay affecting QoE. It checks video playback end-to-end delay and average buffering delay of YouTube, over-the-top (OTT) service, and Internet Protocol television (IPTV) through simulation. There is a proposed method to improve QoE by reducing delay [9]. It transmits MPEG-DASH (dynamic adaptive streaming over hypertext transfer protocol) over Ethernet and Wi-Fi and analyzes the broadcast delay between recording and viewing. It tries to reduce the broadcast delay by analyzing the characteristics of the MPEG-DASH protocol. There is a proposed QoE model [10]. The experiment is performed with a network emulator and a Wi-Fi AP. In DASH, it transmits segment files with different quality depending on network bandwidth fluctuation. It is presented a novel user experience model that can quantitatively measure the user experience of DASH video by taking into account both spatial and temporal artifacts. There are performed experiments in real networks such as an LTE wired network. It is performed on the SK mobile IPTV service [11]. An HD media is transmitted in LTE networks. In the experimental results, the initial playback time satisfies the QoE sufficiently. However, even with LTE that supports up to 150 Mbps, the overall quality including the transmission success rate is limited. The paper [12] focuses on an experimental model that creates 8K UHD contents and measures the transmission delay in the wired network path length of about 600 km. The paper [13] focuses on actual implementation and field tests in IP-based convergence of terrestrial broadcast and broadband networks using ATSC 3.0 standard.