# A Study of Applying Fuzzy Theory in Simulation-Based Education
## 4 Empirical Analysis
### First Stage of Questionnaire Analysis  
The objective of this stage was to obtain a contents evaluation via military and civil helicopter instructors' professional competencies and experiences. It took the whole month of March 2017 to conduct the expert questionnaire survey. Thirty questionnaires were issued, with a 100% retrieval rate, and 25 were valid. These flight instructors were from Taoyuan D Airfield, Taichung W Airfield, and Tainan X Airfield; the average flight experience was above 18 years with 2099 flight hours. Detailed information is listed in Table 3. There are seven types of helicopters used in the military and civil aviation: AH-1W (military 4) and AH-64E (military 4); C for Cargo helicopters, such as CH-47 SD (military 2); O for Light Observation helicopters, such as OH-58D (military 4); and U for Upgrades and variations on helicopters or full-featured helicopters, such as TH-67A (military 2), UH-1H (4), and UH-60M (military 2 and civil. 3). Regarding gender, M represents male and F represents female. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Airfield** & **Aircraft Type** & **Professional Position** & **Flight Experience (Vears)** & **Gender** & **Flight Hours** \\ \hline  
\hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: First stage of research objects of the questionnaire survey. The calculation of questionnaires was explained in Section 3, and all aspects and criteria fuzzy numbers are listed in Table 4. For screening out numerous factors, this study set the fixed threshold value as the deleted reference. At this stage of the expert questionnaire, the importance of the initial aspects and criteria were evaluated by experts with a \"five-response scale.\" If the initial important evaluation value was higher than 5, this meant the initial scenario had different importance levels. According to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [38], when decision making has too few measurement indicators available, the threshold value can be lowered to solve this problem. In this study, the average threshold value was 6.50; the detailed results are shown in Table 5.  
According to Table 5, we can understand the fuzzy values of the importance of aspects and criteria of helicopter crew resource management (fuzzy values were between 6.50 to 7.30). After prioritization from high to low, the meanings were as follows. The competencies that did not reach a fixed threshold value were as follows:  
1. The \"workload management\" competency of the following three scenarios: \"Increasing tailwind on final approach (not reported),\" \"High-altitude area or high payload made horsepower insufficient,\" and \"Multiple external NAV failure. NAV capability deteriorated\" represents \"Manages available resources efficiently to prioritize and perform tasks in a timely manner under all circumstances.\" After a discussion with experts, most of them considered these three scenarios as not sudden occurrences and preventable because the technology of modern aircraft systems or equipment, especially backup and warning systems, has progressed dramatically, allowing