## 3 Overview of IoT System Security Applications in the Industrial Field
As said before, the advent of digitalization and the increase in cyber threats have given a strong incentive to the need to protect information and data, that is, cybersecurity, which has become a fundamental asset for companies. Cybersecurity encompasses many practices and strategies to protect data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It is not just about adopting advanced technologies but also involves a change of mindset in risk management and operator training. Today, it is imperative that the actors operating in the industries understand the importance of cybersecurity as an integral part of their daily operations, creating a more secure and resilient environment against ever-evolving cyber threats (Figure 12). To strengthen cybersecurity, [PERSON] et al. use upgraded Rivest-Shamir-Adelman (RSA) and hash signatures to increase the data security of IoT devices [73]. The prime number of the suggested RSA algorithm is 512 bits. A hash signature is used for device authentication. An effective clustering method based on node degree, distance to cluster, residual energy, and fitness (NDRF) is suggested for sensor devices with lengthy network lifetimes. The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is implemented to determine the fitness of sensor nodes. Resource scheduling utilizing the SoftMax Deep Neural Network (DNN) is proposed to lower latency and communication overhead for IoT devices. SoftMax-DNN classifies all cluster head requests to determine the optimal resource scheduling based on processing, storage, and bandwidth needs. The suggested structure performs better regarding latency, security strength, and energy usage [74]. On the other hand, in [75], [PERSON] et al. provided a method for putting safety measures on the IoT's CPS to safeguard the system's operations. They established a set of predetermined safety-critical parameter boundary criteria that allow a CPS to function safely for heating and cooling. Assume it is recommended that the CPS operate beyond these boundaries. If this happens, the system will immediately cut off all external communications networks and enter a safe operating mode that will remain in place until an administrator evaluates the system locally and removes it from the safe mode. An IoT testbed and sample CPS that monitors and regulates a target environment's temperature were set up to test and verify this technique. It is also important to be able to classify and identify hazards; [PERSON] et al., with the introduction of IoT in industrial control systems (ICS), managed to differentiate risks by using information from many IoT environmental sensors [76]. With the help of the IoT, they suggest a risk management strategy that recognizes risks based on the physical characteristics of these systems. Four types of dangers have been identified: random assault, stealth attack, temporary failure, and permanent failure. To control the risks in the system, risk management consists of three  
Figure 12: Characteristics aspects of cybersecurity. main components, risk detection, risk analysis, and system reconfiguration, based on the data that sensors have collected from the real world. [PERSON] et al. discussed the difficulties of maintaining working safety networks and protocols in IoT ecosystems [77]. First, the adoption of security protocols on wireless networks and the design aspects of functional safety networks are analyzed. In particular, Fail Safety over Ether-CAT (FSoE) is discussed, and the results of an extensive test session with a prototype system built with commercial WiFi-based devices are also provided. In e-healthcare, IoT-based solutions use medical sensors to record, preserve, analyze, and capture patients' day-to-day activities in real-time. These solutions allow for managing massive amounts of data at a low cost via scalable cloud-enabled storage through analytics platforms. Patients' private information is in danger when records are exchanged on centralized server-based platforms during the transition.