## 3 Results and Discussion
### Interference Investigations and Analytical Merits for the Application of the Fabricated SSC-MOFs  
The efficiency of a microextraction procedure is strongly dependent on the whole sample's matrix and on competition, which may occur if the sample extract contains foreign ions. In this study, different ions were studied to assess their competition with arsenic(III) and their influence on the final recovery% of the developed microextraction process using SSC-MOFs (Table 1). The tested ions included NO\({}^{3-}\), Cl\({}^{-}\), F\({}^{-}\), CO\({}_{3}\)\({}^{2-}\), SO\({}_{4}\)\({}^{2-}\), K\({}^{+}\), Mg\({}^{2+}\), Ca\({}^{2+}\), Na\({}^{+}\), Fe\({}^{3+}\), Zn\({}^{2+}\), Cd\({}^{2+}\), Pb\({}^{2+}\), Ni\({}^{2+}\) and Cu\({}^{2+}\). The obtained recovery% was above 91% for all the tested ions, indicating a high-tolerance ability of the fabricated SSC-MOFs to sustain the efficiency of the microextraction process even in a model solution and/or real samples with various matrices. The higher recovery% is correlated with the ability of the fabricated SSC-MOFs to attract the targeted analyte in the presence of various interference ions, which may be due to the MOFs' porous structure and surface functional groups such as N-H and C=N. The preconcentrating factor is estimated as the ratio of the calibration curve when the microextraction procedure is applied to the absence of the microextraction procedure. The developed microextraction procedure exhibited a preconcentration factor of 63.1, an LOD of 0.554 \(\mu\)g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) and an LOQ of 1.66 \(\mu\)g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\). The RSD% of the developed microextraction of arsenic(III) using the fabricated SSC-MOFs was investigated for intra-day and inter-day analyses of arsenic(III) concentrations of 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 mg\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) (Table 2). The RSD% was reported between 1.38 and 2.56 for all experiments, even for the intra-day or inter-day investigations (Table 2), indicating the effectiveness and reproducibility of the microextraction procedure using SSC-MOFs. Figure 7: (**A**) The pseudo-first order and (**B**) the pseudo-second order kinetic models for adsorption of arsenic(III) onto the SSC-MOFs. The most common routes of human exposure to arsenic(III) are due to the consumption of water and food. Previous studies indicated that arsenic(III) extensively contaminates drinking water and foodstuffs [77; 78; 79; 80; 81]. Therefore, the microextraction procedures developed using the SSC-MOFs were applied to the preconcentration of arsenic(III) from some water and food samples collected from Riyadh City markets in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The applied samples included tap water, ground water, lettuce, dill, coriander, parsley and tomatoes. The detected arsenic(III) concentrations are presented in Table 3, indicating that only the ground water sample contained a trace arsenic(III) concentration of 0.005 mg L\({}^{-1}\), and the other tested samples were below the limit of detection. The addition of a known arsenic(III) concentration and an evaluation of its recovery from the tested real samples were carried out, and the applicability of the developed arsenic(III) microextraction procedure based on the fabricated SSC-MOFs to the extraction of arsenic(III) from various matrices was investigated. The arsenic(III) spiked in the concentration range of between 0.005 and 1.5, and the recovered concentrations are reported in Table 3. The recovery% was