## 3 Results
\begin{table}
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**Study and Year** & **Type of Study** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Number of Patients** \\ **Included (Number of T teeth Treated)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Retrograde Root Filling Used** & **Follow-Up** & **Main Results** \\ \hline [PERSON], 2003 [26] & Randomized clinical trial & 108 patients (108 teeth) & Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) (Dentsply) Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Loma Linda University, CA, USA) & No statistically significant differences were found between the materials. \\ [PERSON], 2005 & Randomized clinical trial & 100 patients (100 teeth) & IRM (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) MTA (Dentsply) & 1 year & No statistically significant differences were found between the retrofilling materials. \\ [PERSON], 2008 [28] & Randomized clinical trial & 44 patients (52 teeth) & MTA (Dentsply) Gutta-percha & 12 months & \begin{tabular}{c} No statistically significant differences were found between the materials. \\ \end{tabular} \\ [PERSON], 2008 [29] & Randomized clinical trial & 227 patients (263 teeth) & Super EBAbs([PERSON] J. B. Bosworth, Skokie, IL, USA) & 24 months & All three filling materials showed successful outcomes. \\ [PERSON], 2012 [30] & Randomized clinical trial & 388 patients (260 teeth) & Super EBA (Harry J. B. Bosworth Co.) ProRoot MTA (Dentsply) & 1 year & No significant difference was observed. \\ [PERSON], 2016 [31] & Randomized clinical trial & 44 patients (52 teeth) & ProRoot MTA White (Dentsply) & 1 year & The study found a success rate for surgical endodontic retreatment in the MTA group. \\  & Randomized clinical trial & 44 patients (52 teeth) & (Dentsply) & 6 years & \begin{tabular}{c} The study found a success rate for surgical endodontic retreatment in the MTA group. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & & & Pozzolana Biologic Silva cement (experimental material) & 6 months & Both materials showed significant periradicular tissue regeneration. \\ [PERSON], 2016 & Randomized clinical trial & 12 patients (30 teeth) & MTA white (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) MTA (Angelus) & & \begin{tabular}{c} Apical surgery using \\ SuperEBA (Harry J. B. Bosworth Co.) \\ \end{tabular} \\  & Randomized clinical trial & 112 patients (112 teeth) & Super EBA (Harry J. B. Bosworth Co.) & 6 months & SuperEBA and MTA achieved an 88.4\% success rate. \\ [PERSON], 2019 [34] & Randomized clinical trial & 32 patients (52 teeth) & MTA (Dentsply) & 1 year & Collagen membranes did not significantly enhance healing periapical lesions. \\ [PERSON], 2021 & Randomized clinical trial & 40 patients (74 teeth) & MTA (Dentsply) Not specified & Piezoelectric surgery reduced pain and swelling. \\ [PERSON], 2024 [36] & Randomized clinical trial & 56 patients (56 teeth) & TotalFill (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) & 12 months & \begin{tabular}{c} Apical surgery using \\ SuperEBA and MTA achieved an 88.4\% success rate. \\ Collagen membranes did not \\ significantly enhance healing \\ periapical lesions. \\ \end{tabular} \\ [PERSON], 2024 [37] & Randomized clinical trial & 64 patients (64 teeth) & MTA (Angelus) & 9 months & Retrograde MTA obtur showed high success rates. \\ [PERSON], 2024 [38] & Randomized clinical trial & 240 teeth & iRoot SP (ENP) iRoot SP (ENP) & 12 months & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Retrograde MTA had statistically \\ significant higher success. \\ \end{tabular} \\ [PERSON], 2024 [39] & Randomized clinical trial & 32 patients (59 teeth) & MTA (Dentsply) & 5 years & MTA showed high clinical success. \\ [PERSON], 2007 & Non- randomized clinical trial & 194 patients (194 teeth) & Super EBA (Harry J. B. Bosworth Co.) MTA (Dentsply) & 12 months & Material used for retrograde filling was not significant. \\ [PERSON], 2010 & Non-randomized randomized clinical trial & 353 patients (353 teeth) & ProRoot (Dentsply) Retroplasti (Retroplasti Trading, Rorwig, Denmark) & 12 months & MTA had statistically significant higher success. \\ [PERSON], 2013 [42] & randomized clinical trial & 135 patients (199 teeth) & Super EBA (Harry J. B. Bosworth) MTA (Dentsply) & 7 years & Both materials achieved higher success rates. \\ [PERSON], 2014 & Non-randomized clinical trial & 271 patients (271 teeth) & Retroplasti (Retroplasti Trading, Skaidiskes, Lithuania) & 5 years & The overall rate of healed \\ [PERSON], 2014 & Non-randomized randomized clinical trial & 843 patients (938 teeth) & MTA (ProRoot, Charlotte, NC, USA) & 5 years &
\begin{tabular}{c} The use of MTA \\ demonstrated significantly higher clinical success rates. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}