## 1 Introduction  
A slope is a typical engineering model, and it is susceptible to more serious geological hazards due to complex geological effects and engineering disturbances. Represented by mountainous transportation infrastructure and large open-pit mines, the excavation process often faces some stability problems. It is generally believed that compared with anticline slopes, bedding slopes are an important risk source for slope instability [1]; when the dip angle of the rock layer is less than 15\({}^{\circ}\) at the foot, a landslide is very likely to occur [2]. Therefore, landslides are also important objects of study for slope design and the disaster monitoring of large open-pit mines. The study of damage patterns and the mechanisms of bedding rocky slopes began with the major accidents of reservoir arch dams that occurred in France during the 1950s. [PERSON] [3] focused on the influence of rock joints, and he indicated the effective characteristics of slope stability. [PERSON] et al. [4] introduced the idea of material mechanics into the damage mechanism of bedding slopes. On the basis of studies on the basic instability mode and damage mechanism [5; 6; 7], the damage mode and instability of rocky slopes under dynamic responses are revealed [8; 9; 10]. On this basis, numerical research with discrete elements [11], block theory [12], discontinuous deformation analysis methods [13], and other new methods have achieved fruitful research results in slope stability. In addition, along with the development of reliability theory, reliability analysis methods have received general attention based on multiple damage modes [14; 15]. The broad application of intelligent algorithms and deep learning also provides an effective means for slope stability analysis [16; 17]. The above-mentioned studies show that the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass are the controlling factors of damage [18; 19], especially shear mechanical properties. Research on shear mechanical properties is parametrized by the experimental method, which considers engineering applications and analysis accuracy. Therefore, introducing \(\varphi\) and \(c\) to explain the shear mechanism is widely recognized and applied in engineering, which was written into the code [20]. In fact, the angle of internal friction is concerned with the geometry of rock joints, while cohesion reflects material properties, which collectively describe the main internal factors affecting the shear strength. Thus, shear properties are transformed into the estimation of shear strength parameters. To review the current research, most scholars have evaluated slope stability by estimating shear strength parameters, and a series of estimation methods has been established [21; 22; 23]. Scholars have conducted a series of studies and obtained a variety of methods for obtaining shear strength parameters. For instance, physical tests are used in engineering applicability, especially for single-shape rock masses and insignificant variations of rock joints. In addition, numerical simulation tests are useful, and they require data and cannot carry out a large number of repetitive physical tests, whereas their calibration and testing model need to be studied thoroughly. Furthermore, the engineering analogy method is applied to the case of untestable data, and this method does not lead to large errors. Moreover, the theoretical analysis method is used in parameter estimation, but its accuracy combined with its poor engineering applicability is not recognized. The parameter inversion method for monitoring projects is highly accurate, and it can achieve local estimation. In spite of the intelligent algorithm method with higher accuracy, its analysis is unclear, so it also depends on large amounts of engineering specimens and has weak engineering applicability.