## 5 Assessment of the Fault Line, Dislocation Direction, and the Epicenter
[23] found that three factors were necessary for a model of Quaternary tectonic activity in the Serbian part of the Pannonian Basin and its southern margin: (1) compressive stress, which was generated in the border zone of the Adriatic plate and Dinaridic orogene; (2) crust thickness and lithosphere-wide rheological features; and (3) extension in the Aegean domain. In central Serbia, while reverse and sometimes normal faulting is also evident, strike-slip faulting predominates [22; 23]. We can see in Figure 7 that the locations with maximum intensities I = IX and VIII are concentrated around two fault lines: the first, strike-slip, at the intersection of ZBB and RDG and the second, reverse, at the intersection of RDG and CVH. From north to south, the most severe consequences of the earthquake occurred in the villages of Subotica, Medveda, and Veliki Popovic. We positioned the epicenter about 15 km SE of Svilajnac on the first fault line. This is supported by the fact that the strongest foreshock on 13 March 1893, was felt most powerfully in Medveda, close to the first of the two analyzed faults (the ZBB-RDG line). Hence, our estimates for the epicenter coordinates are 44.160\({}^{\circ}\) (44\({}^{\circ}\)09\({}^{\circ}\)36\({}^{\prime\prime}\)) N and 21.354\({}^{\circ}\) (21\({}^{\circ}\)21\({}^{\circ}\)14\({}^{\prime\prime}\)) E.  
In Figure 7 (right side), we see that the major axis of the ellipse formed by the IX-degree isoline almost coincides with the fault line between ZBB and RDG, which suggests the conclusion that the earthquake occurred as a horizontal movement along the ZBB-RDG fault. From the shape of the I = IX isoseismal, which has a symmetric elliptical shape, we cannot estimate the direction of the fault movement. However, isoseisimals of degrees VIII and VII, which are elliptical in shape but with the SE-NW direction of the larger axis (see also Figure 6), indicate that the movement of the fault was in that direction. The eccentric position of the estimated epicenter in relation to the I = VIII and VII isolines indicates that  
Figure 7: Macroseismic map of the 8 April 1893 Svilajnac earthquake and the isolines of degrees IX and VIII (left); the neotectonic map of the wider epicentral area (right, adapted from Ref. [22], see Appendix E) with the plotted isoline of degree IX (bounding the epicentral area) and the epicenter location (for the color code and more details please refer to Figure A2 in Appendix E and to [22]). the seismic energy was mostly directed north, northwest, and northeast due to the SE to NW movement of either ZBB or RDG tectonic blocks. Finally, our preliminary conclusion is that the shape of the I = IX isoseismal is defined by the fact that the initial movement was along the ZBB-RDG fault and from SE to NW. Of course, we cannot be absolutely sure about this and plan to use alternative ways in our future studies to get to the geometry of the causative fault and to the main seismological parameters of the earthquake [24,25]. As the Kingdom of Serbia was relatively uniformly populated throughout its territory at the time of the earthquake, our preliminary conclusion is that the shapes of the I = VIII and VII isoseismals can be attributed to the effects of topography and deep geological site surroundings, as well as to the movement along the RDG-CVH fault, rather than to the presence or absence of inhabited centers.