# Halophyte _Artemisia caerulescens_ L.: Metabolites from In Vitro Shoots and Wild Plants
## 2 Results and Discussion
### Biochemical Analysis
caerulescens_ provide a basis for future investigations dealing with the optimization of the secondary metabolite production with the addition of plant growth regulators [24], or the addition of elicitors, or treatment with light, or precursor feedings, as already reported for the genus _Artemisia_[33]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Wild Plants**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**In Vitro Shoots**} \\ \hline  & **Leaves** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Young** \\ **Inflorescences** \\ **(Blossom)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Ripe** \\ **Inflorescences** \\ **(Blossom)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Shoots** \\ **(MS0)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Shoots** \\ **(MS-BA 2 \(\mu\)M)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Chlorophyll a & 930.03 \(\pm\) 12.19 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 376.99 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\text{BC}}\) & 231.31 \(\pm\) 4.07 \({}^{\text{C}}\) & 208.9 \(\pm\) 2.76 \({}^{\text{C}}\) & 448.25 \(\pm\) 3.76 \({}^{\text{B}}\) \\ Chlorophyll b & 182.27 \(\pm\) 8.36 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 114.78 \(\pm\) 0.54 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 68.71 \(\pm\) 0.78 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 66.6 \(\pm\) 0.68 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 132.79 \(\pm\) 3.76 \({}^{\text{AB}}\) \\ Total Chlorophyll (Chl, 284.9 ug g\({}^{-1}\) FW) & 1112.3 \(\pm\) 20.15 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 491.76 \(\pm\) 0.30 \({}^{\text{BC}}\) & 300.02 \(\pm\) 4.51 \({}^{\text{C}}\) & 275.51 \(\pm\) 3.44 \({}^{\text{C}}\) & 581.04 \(\pm\) 14.54 \({}^{\text{B}}\) \\ \hline Total carotenoids & 294.9 \(\pm\) 2.01 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 134.39 \(\pm\) 0.37 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 91.47 \(\pm\) 1.61 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 60.2 \(\pm\) 0.78 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 124.11 \(\pm\) 3.10 \({}^{\text{B}}\) \\ Total Anthocyanins & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\(7.95\)\(\pm\) 0.51 \({}^{\text{AB}}\)} & 20.47 \(\pm\) 0.89 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 1.03 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 0.57 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{B}}\) \\ \hline Total Polyphenols & 4.62 \(\pm\) 0.13 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 17.15 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 18.42 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{B}}\) \\ \hline Radical scavenging & & & & & \\ DPPH-assay & 12.25 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 82.15 \(\pm\) 4.80 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 71.16 \(\pm\) 2.94 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 2.53 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 1.59 \(\pm\) 0.16 \({}^{\text{B}}\) \\ (umol TEAC g\({}^{-1}\) FW) & & & & & \\ Antioxidant activity & 24.35 \(\pm\) 0.86 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 120.34 \(\pm\) 3.64 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 102.3 \(\pm\) 1.53 \({}^{\text{AB}}\) & 4.91 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 4.30 \(\pm\) 0.3 \({}^{\text{B}}\) \\ FRAP assay & & & & & \\ (mmol Fe\({}^{2+}\) g\({}^{-1}\) FW) & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The superscript, uppercase letters (A, B, C) indicate statistically significant differences between the samples. The statistical significance of the relative abundances was determined by the [PERSON]’s post hoc test, with \(p<\) 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Determination of metabolites in the different _A. caerulescens_ organs grown in a wild area or in an in vitro culture. Data are presented as means \(\pm\) SE (\(n\) = 5). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences determined by [PERSON]’s b post hoc test (\(p<\) 0.05). Abbreviations: nd.—not determined; GAE—gallic acid equivalents; CE—catechin equivalents; ME—malvin-chloride equivalents.