## 1 Introduction  
Over time, societies and economies have undergone complete transformations through the inclusion of new artifacts, namely the steam engine in the 18 th century and railroads in the 19 th century. Today digital technologies are having an impact on the transformation, entitled digital transformation (DT), of education, society and economy even deeper and more widespread than any other transformation that happened/occur in history. In order to better understand the impact that DT is having, data provided by the IDC study in 2017 shows that DT investment has tended to increase by 27% each year (2017-2020), and are projected to potentially reach around $6.3 trillion in 2020 [1]. It should be noted that, according to [PERSON] et al. [2], organizations that have managed to make a proper and successful DT are 26%more profitable than their non-digital competitors. DT can be defined as a disruptive change of organizations supported by digital technologies [3]. As disruptive forces transform the different sectors of activity, many organizations are moving towards DT and embodying a more innovative mindset to thrive in this new era. Organizations who do not take advantage of this moment to evolve and transform themselves, are in danger of disappearing or being superseded by more agile organizations. In this sense, DT are also improving usability and accessibility in the educational context [4]. Technology is ever-present and allows for the incorporation and strengthening of new educational strategies, currently employed in new teaching frameworks in the last two decades [5]. DT supplies a plethora of competition, new business models, new organizational models and new services. For example, according to [PERSON] et al. [6], there are new business models, and existing ones need to be adapted because of digital interfaces. According to [PERSON] et al. [7] organizations wishing to use digital technologies to gain greater competitive advantage should also ensure that their respective business models are aligned with Information Systems (IS) which, by definition, include technologies. According to [PERSON] et al. [8] there are five types of reinvention of technology-driven business models: (i) reinventing the entire industry (e.g., the way AirBnB innovated in the hotel market); (ii) the replacement of products and services (e.g., Tesla has done this within the car industry, by replacing traditional cars driven by petroleum derivatives with electric cars); (iii) by creating new digital businesses with the development of new products and services (e.g., the evolution introduced by Nike+ with iPod and iPhone connections); (iv) reconfiguring value-added models, where products and services are reinvented in the value chain (e.g., Volvo reconfigured its business model to provide more direct services to its customers), and (v) rethinking value propositions (e.g., Tokio Marine Holdings has developed an app that can provide an insurance policy on the spot for skiing-, golf- and travel-related insurance). Burberry, as discussed in [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9], can be used as a quantifiable of DT's positive experience. This organization digitally transformed its business in order to provide a perfect customer experience. This organization attributes its 30% growth during the 2008 sub-prime financial crisis largely to its Omni channel initiative, i.e., multi-channel integrated sales and marketing approach. DT's initiatives focus on leveraging greater customer engagement, delivering greater flexibility and agility to standardized and centralized operational processes, delivering new strategic opportunities to organizations, reconfiguring business models, creating new products and services, and in some cases, disrupting and reinventing value chains and industries [2]. As mentioned above, for DT to take place must be supported by digital technologies, and it is in this context that [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] argue that DT supports four technological pillars: (1) cloud computing, (2) mobile, (3) social and (4) big data-analytics.