# Correlation Study of Auroral Currents with External Parameters During 10-12 October 2024 Superstorm
## 3 Results
The total average current strength (integrated FACs over the auroral region) is approximately 2.7 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) A during quiet periods and around 5.2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) A during disturbed periods. Figure 3: The storm-time and magnetic latitude (MLat) of the maximum eastward (**a,b**) and westward (**c**–h) PFJs along each orbit segment, as observed by Swarm A/B. From top to bottom are four local time sectors: dusk (**a,b**), dawn (**c,d**), daytime (**e,f**), and nighttime (**g,h**). The left panels (**a,c,e,g**) show data in the Northern Hemisphere and the right panels (**b,d,f,h**) in the Southern Hemisphere for 10–12 October 2024. The peak densities are depicted by the size of circles. Eastward and westward currents are denoted in red and blue, respectively. The maximum eastward and westward current densities are indicated by red and blue dots, respectively. The most equatorward MLat values of eastward and westward PEJs are denoted by brown and green dots, respectively. The Dst index is also shown. Storm-time represents hours starting at 0 UT on 10 October 2024. Notably, the present study focused specifically on FAC density rather than total current strength. Additionally, we calculated the average FAC density during the 12-48-h storm period (rather than the maximum value), as shown in Table 1. For example, the maximum upward FAC densities observed during the storm could reach 8.72 \(\upmu\)A/m\({}^{2}\) (6.62 \(\upmu\)A/m\({}^{2}\)) at dusk in the Southern (Northern) Hemisphere. The storm-time peak FAC densities were stronger than those reported by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (1978) [19], likely due to the occurrence of superstorm events. As shown in Table 1, both R1 and R2 FAC densities at dawn were generally higher than those at dusk, except for northern R1 FACs. The upward FACs in the nighttime exceeded those at daytime, whereas the downward FACs on the dayside were greater than those on the nightside. In general, the FACs in the Southern Hemisphere were stronger than those in the Northern Hemisphere, except for the downward FACs on the nightside. Additionally, R1 and R2 FACs at dusk were shown at lower latitudes when compared to those at dawn. Nightside FACs were found at lower latitudes than dayside FACs. In the Southern Hemisphere, R1, R2, and downward FACs were positioned more poleward than those in the Northern Hemisphere, except for upward FACs. Figure 3 illustrates the storm-time and latitudinal evolution of peak PEJs in the auroral oval in four local time sectors. Swarms A and C fly in close formation with a 1.4\({}^{\circ}\) longitudinal separation; thus, Swarm C's results are similar to those of Swarm A and, thus, are not repeated. Around dusk, the PEJ current flows eastward, while in the rest of the local times, they are predominantly westward. The size of the circles reflects the strength of PEJs, with red circles representing eastward currents and blue circles indicating westward currents. The maximum current during the storm is marked by dots, where brown and green dots denote the lowest latitudes of eastward and westward PEJ currents, respectively. The maximum PEJs on the dawnside-duskside primarily occurred during the storm's main phase, whereas on the dayside and nightside, they mainly occurred during the recovery phase, except for the northern dayside. The latitude at which PEJs reached their lowest position does not coincide with the minimum Dst value. Consequently, PEJs showed variations in both local time and hemisphere as the storm progressed, suggesting that the optimal external parameters influencing PEJs may differ across local times and hemispheres. We also calculated the average PEJ density and latitude during the 12-48 storm-time period, as listed in Table 2. In both hemispheres, PEJs were higher on the dawnside compared to the duskside. The daytime PEJs were comparable to the northern nighttime PEJs, but the daytime PEJs were larger than the southern nighttime PEJs.