# Validated Questionnaire on Intraoral Scanner Effectiveness in Paediatric Patients
## 4 Discussion  
In the population taken into consideration in this study, children between 6 and 12 years old who underwent the intraoral scan and who participated in the completing the questionnaire at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the University of L'Aquila, we found that the Italian version of the \"questionnaire on the effectiveness and satisfaction of the intraoral scanner in the growing patient\", developed by a group of Italian native speakers of different disciplines, has demonstrated good internal consistency and moderate retest reliability, satisfying its validity. The relatively limited size of the study did not allow us to find statistically significant differences based on gender. In agreement with the results of the questionnaire, we can state that the scanning of the arches, through the use of intraoral scanner, has the ability to positively interfere in generating awareness in the parent about the child's health, can interact in the trinomial dentist-child-parent communication and can be considered useful for detection of the footprint. For this last point, the results of the questionnaire confirm what already exists is present in the literature. The Italian version of the questionnaire proposed to children patients and their parents enjoys a satisfactory internal coherence index. Indeed, [PERSON]'s alpha had a value of 0.728. Test-retest reliability was moderate for four questions (for Q4, Q9, Parent's Q11 and Child's Q1) with a score ICC between 0.5 and 0.75. The remaining questions were considered statistically insignificant, having a score less than 0.5. Regarding the reliability of the dichotomous variables, the [PERSON]'s kappa index stands at 81.75%; for this reason, it is considered highly reliable. Previous studies have shown how visualization and understanding the treatment helps the patient follow through the indications provided by the clinician. This mechanism is very similar to the behavioral technique Tell-Show-Do already present in the literature. From the results, in fact, we note that the visualization of the reconstruction of the model in 3D generates in the patient, rather than in the parent, a higher level of understanding (Figures 2 and 3). The questionnaire included two types of responses: one dichotomous and the other based on a scale from 1 to 10. Observing the consistency of the retests, we notice that to obtain more predictable results, it is preferable to use dichotomous variants. They are characterized by great reliability and ease of administration, since they only allow two answers that oppose each other, leaving no doubt about the overall evaluation. The main limitations observed in this study are those inherent to the reliability of the responses in the retests. As mentioned previously, half of the participants were administered the questionnaire for the second time one month later. Despite the internal consistency, assessed through Cronbach's alpha, being adequate, in the retest, it was apparent we did not have the same result. In particular, in discrete variables, we note that questions Q2, Q5 and Q10 of the parent and Q4 of the child present a low degree of reliability. The limitation is due to the fact that the score is attributed using a scale numeric, which may be subject to significant variations between the first and the second survey. To obtain better results, it will be better in the future to develop questionnaires aimed at children that include questions with dichotomous answers, so as not to confuse them with a vast numerical choice. Even if the experience was judged as positive overall, the final result is inconsistent in statistical terms. Several studies have shown that the use of visual aids such as pictures or models can improve comprehension [10]. Although talking about teeth is a daily routine for dentists, it is often difficult for patients to understand their oral situation [16; 17; 18].