## 2. Medicane Ianos-Induced Landslides
### 2.1. Landslides in Thessaly
#### 2.1.4 Types of Landslides and Induced Phenomena  
Few days after the landfall and occurrence of Medicare Ianos, several teams of engineering geologists and engineers participated in field surveys aiming to map and document as many as possible slope failures, and validate the preliminary inventory produced based on remote sensing techniques [17]. This combination of desktop studies, remote sensing and field survey was also applied for documenting earthquake-induced secondary effects few kilometers to the east of the here study area, triggered by a seismic sequence, which occurred in March 2021 [33]. A total number of 73 landslides were documented during these field reconnaissance surveys in Karditsa Prefecture, which mainly caused partial or total damage to the roads \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Unit Name** & **Symbol** & **Area km\({}^{2}\)** & **Landslides \%** & **Age** & **Description** \\ \hline Quaternary deposits & Q & 111.38 & 1.4 & Quaternary & Alluvial and fluvial sediments, scree, debris \\ Molasasic formations & Mi.m & 40.81 & 0.5 & Oligocene-Moocene & Conglomerates, marks, sandstones, Limestone (Mi.m and Mi.k) \\ Flysch & Fo & 829.64 & 79 & & The formation consists of alternations of sandstone, shales, siltstones (fo.st) and more seldom conglomerates (fb) \\ Transition Beds & K9-Pc & 48.08 & 4.4 & Cretaceous & Alternations of limestones, sandstones, shales \\ Cretaceous carbonates & K7-9.k & 123.21 & 5.6 & Cretaceous & and marks (K9-Pc, K7-Pc) \\ Photos & K1-7.fl & 20.05 & 2.7 & Cretaceous & Limestones \\ “First” Flysch & K1-7.fl & 20.05 & 2.7 & Cretaceous & Older flysch formation; red cherts, shales, \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ Ophiolites & O & 5.54 & 0.1 & Jurassic-Cretaceous & periodicites, serpentinites, dunites, basalts. \\  & & & & & & Also contain syn-sedimentary shales, \\ Jurassic carbonates & J11-K.k & 17.61 & 1.8 & Jurassic-Cretaceous & Thin bedded limestones and cherts \\ Jurassic carbonates & Ji-s.k & 42.9 & 0.3 & Jurassic & Limestones \\ Jurassic carbonates & Jm.sch & 35.68 & 1.6 & Jurassic & Alternations of cherts, limestones and shales \\ Triassic carbonates & T-J.kh & 14.41 & 2.3 & Triassic-Jurassic & Limestones, cherts, sandstones \\ Triassic carbonates & Ts.k & 14.20 & 0.3 & Upper Triassic & Limestones \\ Triassic carbonates & Tm-Jm.k & 2.15 & 0 & Middle & Limestones, cherts, sandstones \\ Triassic Basal & Tms.fl & 2.33 & 0.1 & Middle Triassic & Flysch formation, thin beds of cherts, shales \\ Beds & & & & & and limestones \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Description of geological formations (based on [26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31]). and in some cases caused failures of riverbanks. This remote area is characterized by a combination of weak sedimentary sequences, high elevation deviations and steep slopes, as described in the previous section. The majority of remotely mapped landslides were found away from the local road network or in inaccessible areas, and thus the relative small number of field-surveyed landslides. The documented landslides were mostly found in flysch formations, validating the outcome of the remote sensing approach, as it was earlier presented. Following the information obtained by these surveys, the failure mechanisms are strongly related to the heterogeneity degree of the flysch formation (siltstone-sandstone participation), the intensity of tectonic disturbance and the weathering degree. In particular, the main types of landslides that were detected were:  
1. **Rotational and translational landslides** formed mainly in siltstone flysch and siltstone and sandstone flysch in alternations. Those landslides are characterized by a complex geometry with their lower part frequently consisting of a slump that follows the geometry of a stronger underlying bed. In many cases, the accumulated material covered the road without resulting in a complete failure. 2. **Debris flows** in fractured limestones, scree, sandstone/conglomerate flysch.