## 2 Related Works  
Multipath transport protocols have been widely discussed in recent years [17; 18; 20]. Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is a TCP extension that enables a TCP connection to deliver data over different paths [17; 21]. Quick UDP Internet Connection (QUIC) is a protocol that involves Transport Layer Security (TLS) and HTTP/2 over UDP to reduce delays in client-server communication [22]. Multipath QUIC (MPQUIC) is an extension of QUIC for data delivery over multiple paths at wireless terminals or IP hosts [17; 18; 20]. MPQUIC is a connection-based protocol, which allows multiple paths to send data for a single connection.  
Essentially, a multipath protocol examines path identification, path management, path scheduling, reliable data transmission, and congestion control. The path management functionality of MPQUIC employs a path manager to control the creation and deletion of paths [17; 18; 20]. The path scheduling function employs a path scheduler that enables a sender to select paths among active paths to send packets [17; 18; 21].  
Reference [23] addressed the issue of acknowledgment (ACK) packet loss in multipath QUIC. The authors proposed a method utilizing different routes to deliver data and ACK messages for multipath-based data delivery based on QUIC. The proposed method solves the on-air problem of ACK loss and increases the network throughput. Reference [24] compared multipath TCP and multipath QUIC. Similar performance results were achievedfor multipath TCP and multipath QUIC. However, the authors pointed out that multipath TCP is limited to the API exposed by the iOS system, but there is no such constraint for multipath QUIC.  
Reference [19] introduced a reliable fault-tolerant-based multipath routing model. In the proposed method, three paths are built, with one used as the primary path. Reference [25] proposed a method that allows multiple paths to be discovered first. Then, the optimal path in terms of delay is chosen, resulting in an improvement in delay performance.  
A 5G RAN-based solution was proposed in [9] to improve QoS performance in V2X through dynamic selection and changes to the communication interfaces. Combinations of different wireless interfaces for the duplication or splitting of data packets were considered, increasing the multi-connectivity capabilities. Further, the study in [26] examined the utilization of multiple links in Wi-Fi networks to improve reliability. However, these studies did not address the issue of redundancy reduction using multiple paths.  
Employing redundancy to improve reliability is a basic approach used in various systems, such as data storage and information communication [25; 27]. Error correction codes adopt the additional or redundant bits to encode messages in a redundant way for detecting and correcting errors introduced by the channel in communication [28]. Redundant storage is employed to improve tolerance to system failures, such as RAID (redundant array of independent disks) [29].  
Redundancy mitigation is an important issue in collective perception within V2X networks. Reference [30] addressed the issue of reducing redundant information in collective perception, using data selection algorithms to compare, judge, and select the necessary data among vehicles.  
As far as we know, conventional studies have not explicitly examined the utilization and dynamic control of multipath redundancy in V2C communication for improving end-to-end reliability and mitigating path redundancy. This paper studies the end-to-end path reliability and redundancy control of multiple paths. Hence, we design a method for the utilization and control of path redundancy primarily focused on the \"ends\", corresponding to vehicles and the cloud server. We address the issue of efficiently utilizing redundant multiple paths through dynamic adjustment of path combinations to enable both the reliability and the mitigation of path redundancy in V2C communication.