# Assessment of Energy-Saving Practices of the Hospitality Industry in Macau
## 3 Results
### Green Leadership and Innovation (GLI)  
For GLIC1 (environmental programs), we can see that 71.4% of hotels make significant efforts to implement energy-saving and environmental protection programs. Specifically, 81.8% of 5-star hotels, 83.3% of 4-star hotels, and 83.3% of 3-star hotels adopt such measures. It is found that 82.6% of 3, 4, and 5-star hotels have done that such that energy conservation has been significantly improved in the 3, 4, and 5-star hotels over the past several years. Through the Macau Green Hotel Award organized by the Macau Environmental Protection Agency (DSPA) and co-organized by the Macau Government Tourist Office (DST) from 2007, we can see that the environmental protection performance of the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Star** & \begin{tabular}{l} **The Total** \\ **Category** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} **The Sampled** \\ **Number** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{l} **The Sampled** \\ **Dependence** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{l} **The Sampled** \\ **The Sampled Hotels** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{5-Star} & \multirow{3}{*}{27} & \multirow{3}{*}{11} & \multirow{3}{*}{40.7\%} & \multirow{3}{*}{40.7\%} & MGM Macau, Sands Macau, Galaxy Macau, Altira Macau, Riviera Hotel, The Venetian Macau, Mandarin Oriental Hotel, Grand Lapa Macau, Grand Colocate Resort, Conrad Macau CotaI Central, Sheraton Grand Macau Hotel} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4-Star} & \multirow{3}{*}{14} & \multirow{3}{*}{6} & \multirow{3}{*}{42.9\%} & Hotel Beverly Plaza, Grandview Hotel, Hotel Golden Dragon, Holiday Inn Macau, Fousada Marina Infante, Hotel Taipa Square \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The list of the sampled hotels. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Upper Level** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Lower Level**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Implementation/Adoption Rate**} \\ \cline{3-8}
**Indices** & **Indexes** & **2-Star** & **3-Star** & **4-Star** & **5-Star** & **Total** & **3, 4, 5-Star** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{GLI} & GLIC1 & 20\% & 83.3\% & 83.3\% & 81.8\% & 71.4\% & 82.6\% \\  & GLIC2 & 0 & 16.7\% & 33.3\% & 63.6\% & 35.7\% & 43.5\% \\  & GLIC3 &  
awardees has been improved steadily year by year. It should be noted that there is no 2-star hotel that got an award before 2010. It follows from the data between 2008 and 2010 [38] that the awardees saved 8500 power units of electricity consumption per guestroom on average, which is equivalent to a reduction of 8470 kg of carbon emissions. Also, the awardees saved 90 m\({}^{3}\) water consumption per guestroom on average, which is equivalent to a reduction of 18 kg of carbon emissions. On the contrary, only 20% of 2-star hotels perform this index. The results indicate that the higher-star hotels do better in the implementation of energy-saving programs than the lower-star hotels. The possible reason is that the higher-star hotels have higher-level management standard and stronger environmental protection awareness. With a very rapid increase in energy demands during the recent years in Macau [40], it is meaningful for the hotels in Macau to conduct carbon audits since, by doing so, the greenhouse gas emissions are clearly presented. As indicated by GLIC2 (carbon audits), the carbon audit provides the type, extent, and source of emissions from the business and reveals how greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced. By lowering emissions, a hotel is also beneficial in cost reduction and sale increase through improved marketing.