## 3 Results
### Anti-Biofilm Activity  
The inhibition of biofilm formation activity of EOs, their main components, and WSTRIc extracts was evaluated against four common pathogens. MBIC and MBEC values are presented in Tables 4 and 5. MBIC values of _S. thymbra_, _T. capitatus_, and _O. hirthum_ EOs ranged from 0.6 to 1.1, 1.1 to 2.3, and 1.2 to 4.7 mg/mL, respectively, while the corresponding values for thymol and carvacrol were 0.3-0.6 and 0.6-2.4 mg/mL. Likewise, MBIC values of _p_-cymene and \(\gamma\)-terpinene ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/mL and 0.5 to 2.1 mg/mL, respectively. Similarly, inhibition of biofilm formation was documented by the EtAc WSTRIc extract against all strains at concentrations of 20-40 mg/mL. On the other hand, the ethanolic WSTRIc extract was effective against biofilm formation by _E. coli_ and _S._ Enteritidis (MBIC 61 mg/mL), but had no effect on _L. monocytogenes_ or _P. mirabilis_ at the concentrations tested, and, thus, MBIC was not determined. Notably, the MBEC values of the EOs ranged 2.3-9.4 mg/mL, while no biofilm eradication effect of WSTRIc extracts was observed at the concentrations tested. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Bacterial Strains**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Essential Oils**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{_T. capitatus_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_C. capitatus_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Extracts (WSTRIc)**} \\  & **S. thymbra** & **T. capitatus** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_O. hirthum_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ethanolic**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ethyl Acetate**} \\  & **MBIC** & **MBEC** & **MBIC** & **MBEC** & **MBIC** & **MBEC** & **MBIC** & **MBEC** & **MBIC** & **MBEC** \\ \hline _E. coli_ & 1.1 & 4.5 & 1.1 & 4.6 & 1.2 & 4.7 & 61 & ND & 20 & ND \\ _L. monocytogenes_ & 0.6 & 2.3 & 2.3 & 9.1 & 2.3 & 9.4 & ND & ND & 40 & ND \\ _S._ Enteritidis & 0.6 & 2.3 & 1.1 & 4.6 & 2.3 & 9.4 & 61 & ND & 40 & ND \\ _P. mirabilis_ & 1.1 & 4.5 & 2.3 & 9.1 & 4.7 & 9.4 & ND & ND & 40 & ND \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Minimum Biofilm Inhibition Concentration (MBIC) and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) (mg/mL) of EOs and extracts of the water-steam distillation residue of _T. capitatus_ against pathogenic bacteria. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Bacterial Strains**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Essential Oils**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{_T. capitatus_} & Extracts (WSTRIc) \\  & **S. thymbra** & _T. capitatus_ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_O. hirthum_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ethanolic**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ethyl Acetate**} \\  & **MIC** & **MBEC** & **MIC** & **MBEC** & **MIC** & **MBEC** & **MIC** & **MBEC** & **MIC** & **MBEC** \\ \hline _E. coli_ & 0.7 & 2.7 & 1.6 & 5.5 & 0.6 & 2.8 & 31.7 & 56.1 & 34.5 & 56.8 \\ _L. monocytogenes_ & 1.4 & 3.6 & 1.5 & 5.5 & 1.1 & 5.7 & 20.1 & 56.1 & 26.5 & 56.8 \\ _S._ Enteritidis & 1.1 & 3.6 & 1.3 & 4.6 & 1.1 & 3.7 & 39.6 & 56.1 & 40.7 & 56.8 \\ _P. mirabilis_ & 3.1 & 10.7 & 2.3 & 9.2 & 2.5 & 9.2 & 25.7 & 56.1 & 26.0 & 56.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBEC) (mg/mL) of EOs and extracts of the water-steam distillation residue of _T. capitatus_ against pathogenic bacteria. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Bacterial Strains**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Thymol**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Carvacrol**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_p_**-Cymene**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\gamma\)**-Terpinene**} \\  & **MIC** & **MBEC** & **MIC** & **MBEC** & **MIC** & **MBEC** & **MIC** & **MBEC** \\ \hline _E. coli_ & 2.4 & 3.8 & 0.6 & 2.9 & 0.7 & 2.9 & 2.2 & 8.6 \\ _L. monocytogenes_ & 1.5 & 4.8 & 1.3 & 4.9 & 1.4 & 5.5 & 1.4 & 5.6 \\ _S. Enteritidis_ & 0.5 & 1.9 & 1.3 & 4.9 & 1.4 & 5.7 & 0.6 & 2.5 \\ _P. mirabilis_ & 1.1 & 3.9 & 1.2 & 3.8 & 1.3 & 5.0 & 1.1 & 4.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}