# Network Tower Sharing Analysis in Greece: A Structure-Conduct-Performance Approach
## 3 Results
### Performance
It is obvious that targeted investments increasing fiber and 5G coverage at a large scale, especially in the un-/under- served areas of Greece, are of paramount importance for the take-up of fast fixed and 5G broadband. This will enable large enterprises, the wider public, and especially SMEs of Greece to use next-generation infrastructure, as a hotbed for the development of novel technologies, products, and services. The national strategy, alongside the Greek telecom market's specific features described in previous sections, has made the infrastructure sharing idea more attractive than ever among operators and regulators, as far as 5G network development is concerned. On the other hand, the fixed broadband network still needs significant investments to be mobilized and investment gaps to be filled, in order for Greece to meet national and EU targets by 2030. Looking backwards in order to identify the drivers of country's good results on 5G network deployment, it is obvious that a big part of this success is due to the successful implementation of efficient tower-sharing strategies between alternative operators, triggered by a series of effective government policies and targeted measures applied between 2011-2023 to increase cooperation amongst them, within a predefined framework of play. As has been addressed in previous sections, existing market conditions, alongside governmental policies and MNOs' conducts, reshaped the market structure, not in terms of market shares, but in terms of strengthening competition for the rise of a new player in the Greek mobile market, an independent TowerCo. Focusing on the SCP paradigm rationale, one of the main issues to be addressed in this section is how market structure and operators' conduct have affected market performance in the last decade. In other words, we will investigate whether there are any signs of market performance that reflect the underlying MNOs' strategies and conduct or market restructure after the entrance of Vantage towers in the Greek mobile market. How do the results on performance affect backwards operators' conducts and market structure? Looking into MNO investments and investments as a percentage of turnover the last decade (Figure 3), useful conclusions on operators' investments in telecom infrastructures (either on fixed broadband networks and/or mobile infrastructure) could be derived. During the last decade, a continuous evolution of the market is taking place, with circles of interactions between S-C-P, including feedback effects between government policies, operators, conducts, and market performances, before and after the milestone years--mainly in 2014 and 2020, when Victus was created and Vantage Towers Co entered in the market as an independent TowerCo, respectively. More precisely, there is a peak of investments in 2014 with 922 million versus 783 in 2023 (18% increase), reflecting the impact of the joint venture Victus on market performance. Additionally, there is a notable increase (38%) in investments in 2020 (entrance of Vantage Towers) with 1.094 million versus 793 million in 2019. Considering the country's performance on 5G and fixed broadband deployment in the last years, Greece was seeking and still continues to seek funds for investments in broadband networks, aiming to bridge the gap with the EU average and hopefully meet EU's target, especially for VHCN/FITP 100% coverage by 2030. Although this is an objective recently expressed explicitly through digital decade targets and/or national broadband plan 2021-2022, for all those operating in the Greek mobile market, it is not a new story. MNOs have been preparing their strategic plans and potential deployment scenarios for at least a decade. Therefore, employing the SCP model and reverse engineering, we return to analyzing their strategies for all this time, up to now. The last decade, alternative mobile operators employed infrastructure-sharing strategies firstly to eliminate funds and time needed for 5G network deployment, meeting in parallel national and EU's targets.