## 13 Discussions and Conclusions Regarding Gaps and Areas of Improvement in the System
In fact, the inadequacy of a centralized tsunami warning system based on earthquake parameters  
Figure 10: A comparison of offshore (actual value calculated in the last “wet” cell in tsunami modeling) (**left**) and coastal (projection of the offshore wave amplitude to the coast line through [PERSON]’s law approximation) (**right**) wave amplitudes derived from MOD2-TR tsunami scenario database [20; 21] for the 30 October 2020 Samos earthquake, with Mw 6.9 (**top**) and Mw 7.0 (**bottom**) being the final initial Mw values, respectively, used by KOERI in the tsunami warning message. can only be remedied through local tsunami warning systems embedded in the NTWC/TSP operational framework and closely coupled with dedicated local or community-based tsunami awareness and preparedness campaigns involving all stakeholders. KOERI's tsunami warning system has been operational for a decade now, and as reflected above, it has continuously improved in terms of its capabilities and performance. As of today, it is still the only NEAMTWS TSP disseminating enhanced products to its subscribers to allow rapid identification of the corresponding tsunami threat level. The tsunami warning system chain, however, is simply not complete at the national or international level. At the national level, the warning messages disseminated by KOERI-TSP do not reach its target--the people--a responsibility that is still must be resolved by the national civil protection authority--AFAD. To achieve this, there is an urgent need to initiate a national campaign to develop tsunami inundation and evacuation maps for coastal regions as part of disaster risk management strategy, whereby the tsunami threat is considered to be higher, together with public awareness and education programs. At the international level, capacity-building programs targeting TWFPs of NEAMTWS countries with no NTWC capability should be promoted through the IOC, noting that such programs could in principle also serve in the densification of the tide gauge network. International cooperation through initiatives such as the NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) program could help TSPs to deploy offshore tsunami measurement systems within NEAMTWS to improve the tsunami detection and verification capability. Such efforts could also be supported by the European Commission. Recognizing that every minute counts when dealing with tsunami threats, the development and deployment of local tsunami early warning systems as part of NTWCs should be encouraged to address the deficiencies of the NEAMTWS architecture, which depends on the earthquake magnitude. Such efforts should also consider seasonal demographic changes as a function of tourism. As demonstrated above, whether pre-calculated or computed in near-real-time, the feasibility of modeling-based tsunami early warning systems needs to be further explored, especially taking advantage of improvements in computational capability. Efforts towards making use of probabilistic methodologies for tsunami early warning systems should continue, cautiously noting the need for specific training and capacity-building programs for the recipients of such warnings, especially recognizing the fact that the uncertainties of deterministic methodologies could be easier for the recipients to deal with than the uncertainties associated with probabilistic methodologies. Lastly, even though stand-alone systems such as in Stromboli and the Adriatic Sea exist, they have neither been validated nor accredited, also noting that NEAMTWS has traditionally limited itself to earthquake-generated tsunamis and does not currently consider tsunamis from atypical sources in its operational setting, such as tsunamis generated by landslides and volcanic activities and those of meteorological origin. While recognizing the ongoing efforts to address these deficiencies, a paradigm shift regarding this aspect is highly recommended. O.N.