## 3 Results and Discussion
### Monitoring the Volatile Compound Profiles in Seaweed Fermentation
#### 3.2.2 Laminaria
Based on the report of [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [9], 1-octen-3-ol has a high odor activity value and low perception threshold, and it is considered the major alcohol compound in brown seaweeds  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Compounds**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Concentration (\(\upmu\)g/L)**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Unfermented** & **BS** & **SC** & **LA** & **LB** & **LC** \\ \hline \hline
**Acids** & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline
**Acortic acid** & nd & 17.36 \(\pm\) 0.43 & nd & nd & nd & nd \\ \hline
2-Methylbutanoic acid & nd & 49.21 \(\pm\) 44.15 & nd & nd & nd & nd \\ \hline Hexanoic acid & nd & nd & nd & 10.91 \(\pm\) 0.48 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 15.98 \(\pm\) 1.17 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 15.26 \(\pm\) 0.78 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Octanoic acid & nd & 12.20 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 6.31 \(\pm\) 0.67 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 10.29 \(\pm\) 0.92 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 10.23 \(\pm\) 0.86 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 12.45 \(\pm\) 0.76 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Nonanoic acid & nd & 11.07 \(\pm\) 0.93 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & nd & 14.96 \(\pm\) 1.84 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 13.94 \(\pm\) 3.46 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 14.33 \(\pm\) 0.76 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Decanoic acid & nd & nd & nd & 4.20 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 4.94 \(\pm\) 0.44 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.67 \(\pm\) 0.60 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Dodecanoic acid & nd & nd & nd & 5.32 \(\pm\) 0.48 & nd & nd \\ \hline Tetradecanoic acid & 18.80 \(\pm\) 1.95 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 24.98 \(\pm\) 1.55 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 48.72 \(\pm\) 4.91 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 56.89 \(\pm\) 2.48 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 62.49 \(\pm\) 0.94 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 40.36 \(\pm\) 1.68 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Hexadecanoic acid & nd & 12.89 \(\pm\) 1.71 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 24.13 \(\pm\) 3.76 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 41.40 \(\pm\) 0.76 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 35.01 \(\pm\) 3.87 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 31.15 \(\pm\) 3.54 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Total acids & 18.80 \(\pm\) 1.95 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 127.71 \(\pm\) 1.58 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 79.17 \(\pm\) 8.81 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 143.97 \(\pm\) 2.80 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 142.58 \(\pm\) 4.55 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 119.21 \(\pm\) 5.36 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ \hline
**Esters** & & & & & \\ \hline Methyl salicylate & 46.54 \(\pm\) 6.17 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 59.44 \(\pm\) 4.59 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 131.18 \(\pm\) 7.47 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 296.03 \(\pm\) 8.07 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 219.04 \(\pm\) 6.85 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 118.80 \(\pm\) 2.05 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline
**Benzenes and** & & & & & \\ \hline
**berzenze derivatives** & & & & & \\ \hline Benzaldehyde & 37.53 \(\pm\) 1.77 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & nd & 10.57 \(\pm\) 0.60 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 43.14 \(\pm\) 1.38 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 41.65 \(\pm\) 1.80 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 47.99 \(\pm\) 2.40 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Benzaryl alcohol & nd & nd & 8.49 \(\pm\) 0.45 & nd & nd & nd \\ \hline Phenethyl alcohol & nd & nd & 39.24 \(\pm\) 2.20 & nd & nd & nd \\ \hline
2-4-Di-tert-butylphenol & 3.10 \(\pm\) 0.26 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 4.21 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 3.96 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 5.42 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.55 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.31 \(\pm\) 0.59 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Total benzenes and benzene derivatives & 40.63 \(\pm\) 1.58 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 4.21 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 62.27 \(\pm\) 2.75 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 48.56 \(\pm\) 1.31 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 47.20 \(\pm\) 1.60 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 53.31 \(\pm\) 2.70 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ \hline
**Miscellaneous** & & & & & \\ \hline Methylethylaminealimide & 3.71 \(\pm\) 0.60 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 2.68 \(\pm\) 0.37 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 6.32 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.84 \(\pm\) 0.58 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 4.03 \(\pm\) 0.56 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 4.20 \(\pm\) 0.36 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Dihydroactinidiolide & 8.22 \(\pm\) 0.64 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 9.68 \(\pm\) 0.48 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 9.00 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 12.19 \(\pm\) 0.42 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 10.86 \(\pm\) 0.34 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 10.77 \(\pm\) 0.74 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\(_Himanthalia elongata_ and _Laminaria ochroleuca_).