## 3 Results  
The mean values and standard deviations of maximal and minimal volumes in the heart chambers, the left and right ventricular ejection fractions, the mean aortic and pulmonary arterial pressures and middle cerebral arterial flow for normal SR and AF with unimodal and bimodal RR interval distributions over each cardiac cycle, and cardiac and mean pump outputs for heart failure and CF-LVAD support over a ten min period are given in Table 1.  
The waveforms of the left and right atrial and ventricular volumes for the simulated normal SR and AF with unimodal and bimodal RR interval distributions during heart failure and CF-LVAD support over a 6 s period are given in Figure 3. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline  & **NSR** & **UAF** & **BAF** & **NSR** & **UAF** & **BAF** \\  & & & & & **CF-LVAD** & **CF-LVAD** \\ \hline V\({}_{\text{1a,max}}\) [mL] & \(106.2\pm 1.1\) & \(114.1\pm 2.2\) & \(102.8\pm 3.5\) & \(60.3\pm 1.2\) & \(65\pm 2.7\) & \(53.8\pm 5.1\) \\ V\({}_{\text{1a,min}}\) [mL] & \(83.3\pm 0.4\) & \(93\pm 2.3\) & \(69.3\pm 3.9\) & \(32.6\pm 1.4\) & \(44.1\pm 3.3\) & \(25\pm 3.6\) \\ V\({}_{\text{ra,max}}\) [mL] & \(54.7\pm 1.7\) & \(47.4\pm 3.0\) & \(67.2\pm 4.4\) & \(80.4\pm 3.3\) & \(65.6\pm 6.2\) & \(96.7\pm 8.4\) \\ V\({}_{\text{ra,min}}\) [mL] & \(33.1\pm 0.6\) & \(30.5\pm 1.1\) & \(37.9\pm 1.7\) & \(43.8\pm 1.5\) & \(37.5\pm 2.6\) & \(51.3\pm 4.0\) \\ V\({}_{\text{l,red}}\) [mL] & \(161.7\pm 0.4\) & \(152.6\pm 0.9\) & \(146.2\pm 1.8\) & \(110.4\pm 2.2\) & \(113\pm 2.8\) & \(91.4\pm 5.6\) \\ V\({}_{\text{l,res}}\) [mL] & \(114.7\pm 1.5\) & \(122.8\pm 5.5\) & \(94.2\pm 9.8\) & \(66.1\pm 2.2\) & \(87\pm 7.0\) & \(48.3\pm 11.9\) \\ V\({}_{\text{r,red}}\) [mL] & \(117.2\pm 1.7\) & \(101.4\pm 3.5\) & \(120.7\pm 3.6\) & \(138.4\pm 2.6\) & \(116.6\pm 5.4\) & \(139.9\pm 5.2\) \\ V\({}_{\text{r,res}}\) [mL] & \(70.2\pm 0.2\) & \(71.4\pm 0.2\) & \(68.6\pm 0.9\) & \(66.6\pm 0.5\) & \(69.1\pm 2.1\) & \(64.6\pm 1.5\) \\ EF\({}_{\text{Vlv}}\) [\%] & \(29.1\pm 1.1\) & \(19.6\pm 3.9\) & \(35.5\pm 7.1\) & - & - & - \\ EF\({}_{\text{Vlv}}\) [\%] & \(40.1\pm 1.0\) & \(29.5\pm 2.8\) & \(43.1\pm 2.3\) & \(51.9\pm 1.3\) & \(40.5\pm 3.7\) & \(53.7\pm 2.8\) \\ P\({}_{\text{a0,mean}}\) [mmHg] & \(83.1\pm 1.4\) & \(82.6\pm 2.5\) & \(85.6\pm 4.1\) & \(97.3\pm 0.5\) & \(98.9\pm 0.9\) & \(96.3\pm 1.4\) \\ P\({}_{\text{a0,mean}}\) [mmHg] & \(30.9\pm 0.2\) & \(32.2\pm 0.4\) & \(29.1\pm 0.8\) & \(26.5\pm 0.5\) & \(29\pm 0.9\) & \(24.4\pm 1.5\) \\ Q\({}_{\text{m,mean}}\) [mL/min] & \(131\pm 3.0\) & \(132.5\pm 7.2\) & \(133.5\pm 13.7\) & \(144.3\pm 1.7\) & \(151.2\pm 3.0\) & \(138.5\pm 4.9\) \\ CO [L/min] & 3.36 & 3.38 & 3.36 & - & - & - \\ MPO [L/min] & - & - & - & 5.14 & 5.37 & 4.91 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The mean values and standard deviations of maximal and minimal volumes in the heart chambers (V\({}_{\text{1a,max}}\), V\({}_{\text{1a,min}}\), V\({}_{\text{ra,max}}\), V\({}_{\text{ra,min}}\), V\({}_{\text{l,v,ed}}\), V\({}_{\text{l,res}}\), V\({}_{\text{r,v,ed}}\), V\({}_{\text{r,res}}\)), left and right ventricular ejection fractions (EF\({}_{\text{Vlv}}\), EF\({}_{\text{Vlv}}\)), mean aortic and pulmonary arterial pressures and middle cerebral arterial flow rate (p\({}_{\text{a0,mean}}\), P\({}_{\text{ap,mean}}\), Q\({}_{\text{mca,mean}}\)) for normal sinus rhythm (NSR), and atrial fibrillation with unimodal and bimodal RR interval distributions (UAF, BAF) over each cardiac cycle, cardiac and mean pump outputs (CO, MPOs) over a ten minute period for heart failure and CF-LVAD support. Amplitude of the left and right atrial volume signals was relatively high during AF with bimodal RR interval distribution. Similarly, amplitude of the left and right ventricular volume signals during AF with bimodal RR interval distribution was higher, with respect to the amplitude of left and right ventricular volume signals during normal SR and AF with unimodal RR interval distribution.