## 1 Introduction  
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a challenging class of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) [1]. They are designed for communication between vehicles (V2V) or between vehicles and road infrastructure (V2I) [2]. VANETs have attracted a great interest by car manufacturing industries, academia and government agencies [3]. They can provide a very wide variety of applications that overlay all the fields of our daily road life. These applications can be generally grouped into two main categories [4]: safety applications and comfort (non-safety) applications. Researchers have achieved much great progress on many studies in the area of VANETs. However, there are still some challenges that need to be investigated and evaluated like, video transmission, security, communication, etc. Video streaming in particular has been considered as a big issue over VANETs due to the high mobility environment as well as the huge enrichment by the video data. Moreover, due to the strict of the quality of service (QoS) metrics (such as packet loss, delay, jitter, etc.) on the video transmission [5, 6]. Figure 1 shows some applications of video streaming over VANETs. The theory of quality of experience (QoE) has been widely used to represent user perception while the quality of service (QoS)-based approaches assess the streaming services quality through network-oriented metrics [8]. Consequently, adopting the QoE factors to control the video streams in VANETs is very essential in context of video applications [9]. For evaluating network service, many models and tools have been proposed for QoE modelling, monitoring, assessment and management with the exploration of many influencing QoS factors [10]. In VANETs environments, the routing task is a very challenging process because the mobility of the nodes themselves and routers at the same time. The way of exchanging information is determined by the routing protocol. Routing protocols in VANETs are generally classified into two categories: topology-based and position-based routing protocols [11]. Several studies confirm that the position-based routing protocols perform well in VANETs [12]. In these protocols, the routing of information from source to destination is based on selecting the nearest vehicle from the destination as the next hop. The greedy perimeter stateless protocol (GPSR) [13] is among these family of protocols, and considered the most known and studied geographic routing protocols. The GPSR assumes that each node knows its own position and broadcasts it periodically. The next-hop forwarder node selection is based on geographical position [13]. It offers two modes for finding the next hop which are greedy forwarding and perimeter forwarding. In greedy forwarding, the packets are transmitted from one node to another by selecting the geographically closest node to the destination in the range of wireless transmission. When greedy forwarding fails, the protocol switches to perimeter forwarding, which consists of sending the packet to one neighbour of the current node by using the right-hand rule [12]. This paper proposes a new protocol that improves the greedy forwarding strategy used in many geographic routing protocols such as GPSR protocol. This new protocol is a QoE-aware geographic routing protocol for video streaming over VANETs called GeoQoE-Vanet. In the proposed protocol, the selection of relaying vehicles is not based only on the nearest to the destination, but should satisfy additional criteria to ensure better QoE. GeoQoE-Vanet evaluates the neighbouring vehicles based on correlated QoE factors and selects one that satisfies the best QoE. A correlation formula between the QoE and QoS factors has been developed. It allows evaluation of each nearby vehicle and selecting the most suitable next forwarding hop, as we stated in [14]. The proposed protocol is more suited for non-real-time applications such as advertisements and entertainment. The rest of this paper is organized as follows.