## 1 Introduction  
The development and implementation of underwater acoustic sensor networks are critical to the realization of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). This technique makes it easier to find and exploit marine resources [1, 2]. The IoUT is a new component of the Internet of Things (IoT) that includes a global network of intelligent subsea devices. The IoUT will almost certainly enable a wide range of beneficial applications, including environmental monitoring and underwater exploration, as well as disaster prevention and management. When implemented in these specific ways, IoUT is regarded as a potentially useful technology for the development of smart cities. Underwater wireless sensor networks, also known as UWSNs, have demonstrated a great deal of potential as dependable network infrastructure to support the concept of IoUT. Due to the fact that ocean currents drive some nodes in the dynamic topology of the UAWSN to migrate farther from their origins than others, the former nodes must consume more transmission energy to reach the latter nodes. This directly contributes to the unbalanced distribution of UAWSN node energy usage. In addition, the limited transmission capacity and significant propagation latency of underwater communications always result in a relatively low utilization rate for wireless channels in UAWSNs [3]. This holds true regardless of the circumstances. Due to these qualities, an underwater transmission protocol is robust and capable of maximizing the available channels, balancing the amount of power consumed by the nodes. Underwater communication methods, including acoustic, optical, and electromagnetic waves, make the wireless interconnection of smart sensors in aquatic environments possible. UWSN has become an essential component of a wide range of underwater applications as sensor technology, and underwater protocols have advanced. Tsunamis, oil spills, drinking water quality, territorial seas, enemy submarines, mines, coral reefs, aquatic species, underwater laboratories, and other applications are just a few of the numerous prospective applications for such technology [4]. The primary purpose of UWSN applications is to notify emergency services. For example, if the temperature or pH measurement reaches a certain threshold, the deployed UWSN will alert the offshore station. Some underwater applications are already in operation, such as the Sea web [5] surveillance underwater acoustic network in the United States and NEPTUNE [6] in Canada. Researchers have been driven to expand their studies of UWSN due to the government's intense interest in the numerous subsea uses. Furthermore, the US PLUSNet (Persistent Littoral Undersea Surveillance Network) [7] is an antisubmarine warfare underwater network maintained by the US Naval Research Office. The PLUSNet infrastructure includes sensors and robotic vehicles such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). Each of the aforementioned surveillance networks has a common goal: to maintain constant vigilance. Today, most surveillance systems communicate through sound waves. Furthermore, these networks are only partially automated; they include both stationary and moving sensors, as well as smart, self-driving cars. Two major problems of surveillance networks are untrustworthy data security and a lack of privacy for gathered information. Figure 1 depicts the circular illustration of the proposed architectural design. Figure 1: A circular illustration of the architectural design. Because of its capacity to warn remote stations, excellent data security, and dependable data transit, our research led us to endorse the UWSN approach. Electromagnetic and radio waves have a difficult time traveling through UWSN without being severely muted due to the characteristics of water. Some hope can be retained by staying in touch below ground via radio waves operating at extremely low frequencies. However, because of the reduced bandwidth generated by this low-frequency wave, transmissions became irregular [8].