## 5 Experiments
### Experiment Settings

Table 3: The parameters for the 20 routes. All ships use very low-sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO). Referring to [74], the daily consumption (ton/day) of ships of type \(s\) sailing on route \(r\) at speed \(v\) is expressed as follows:  
\[f_{sr}(v)=a_{sr}\cdot v^{b_{sr}}, \tag{5}\]  
where \(a_{sr}\) and \(b_{sr}\) are parameters related to ship types and sea conditions on the route. The fuel cost parameters for ships with different capacities are presented in Table 6, with \(a_{sr}\) and \(b_{sr}\) derived from the median of the value ranges provided in [74]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**ID** & **(\(\boldsymbol{o,d}\))** & **\(\boldsymbol{D_{od}}\) (TEUs/Week)** & **ID** & **(\(\boldsymbol{o,d}\))** & **\(\boldsymbol{D_{od}}\) (TEUs/Week)** \\ \hline
1 & (Shanghai, Rotterdam) & 35,000 & 31 & (Nagoya, Rotterdam) & 10,500 \\
2 & (Ningbo, Felixstowe) & 28,000 & 32 & (Shimizu, Hamburg) & 7000 \\
3 & (Ningbo, Antwerp) & 28,000 & 33 & (Laem Chabang, Savannah) & 7000 \\
4 & (Shanghai, Piraeus) & 21,000 & 34 & (Singapore, Jacksonville) & 10,500 \\
5 & (Yantian, Barcelona) & 14,000 & 35 & (Colombo, Halifax) & 3500 \\
6 & (Yokohama, Piraeus) & 3500 & 36 & (Rotterdam, Savannah) & 17,500 \\
7 & (Busan, Valencia) & 2800 & 37 & (Bremerhaven, Newark) & 17,500 \\
8 & (Singapore, Genoa) & 4200 & 38 & (Liverpool, Everglades) & 14,000 \\
9 & (Kaohsiung, Barcelona) & 2450 & 39 & (Antwerp, North Charleston) & 17,500 \\
10 & (Port Klang, Salerno) & 1750 & 40 & (Tanjung Pelepas, Gdansk) & 10,500 \\
11 & (Laem Chabang, Istanbul) & 1400 & 41 & (Antwerp, Klaipeda) & 14,000 \\
12 & (Haiphong, Gioia Tauro) & 1750 & 42 & (Gdynia, King Abdullah Port) & 7000 \\
13 & (Manila, Algeciras) & 1050 & 43 & (Busan, Tokyo) & 7000 \\
14 & (Hamburg, Piraeus) & 5600 & 44 & (Singapore, Tokyo) & 10,500 \\
15 & (Rotterdam, Barcelona) & 7000 & 45 & (Xiamen, Kaohsiung) & 14,000 \\
16 & (Antwerp, Genoa) & 4900 & 46 & (Yantian, Subic) & 10,500 \\
17 & (Le Havre, Valencia) & 4200 & 47 & (Hong Kong, Jakarta) & 14,000 \\
18 & (Felixstowe, Istanbul) & 2800 & 48 & (Tanjung Pelepas, Surabaya) & 7000 \\
19 & (Gdansk, Alexandria) & 2100 & 49 & (Singapore, Manila) & 10,500 \\
20 & (Oslo, Naples) & 1400 & 50 & (Manila, Kaohsiung) & 7000 \\
21 & (Copenhagen, Algeciras) & 2450 & 51 & (Long Beach, Shanghai) & 2300 \\
22 & (Stockholm, Haifa) & 1750 & 52 & (Shanghai, Seattle) & 5500 \\
23 & (Tokyo, Rotterdam) & 10,500 & 53 & (Ningbo, Seattle) & 3800 \\
24 & (Busan, Rotterdam) & 14,000 & 54 & (Busan, Seattle) & 2000 \\
25 & (Singapore, Rotterdam) & 17,500 & 55 & (Xiamen, Los Angeles) & 8000 \\
26 & (Rotterdam, New York) & 21,000 & 56 & (Ningbo, Los Angeles) & 10,000 \\
27 & (Antwerp, New York) & 21,000 & 57 & (Ningbo, Bremerhaven) & 5000 \\
28 & (Le Havre, New York) & 17,500 & 58 & (Yantian, Algeciras) & 4000 \\
29 & (Colombo, New York) & 7000 & 59 & (Tanjung Pelepas, Bremerhaven) & 3500 \\
30 & (Kobe, Rotterdam) & 10,500 & 60 & (Xingang, Bremerhaven) & 3700 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The weekly transport demands of the OD pairs. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**ID** & **Origin** & **Destination** & \(\boldsymbol{p_{od}}\) **(USD/TEU)** \\ \hline
1 & East Asia and Southeast Asia & Europe and the Mediterranean & 1101 \\
2 & Europe and the Mediterranean & East Asia and Southeast Asia & 232 \\
3 & East Asia and Southeast Asia & North America & 1445 \\
4 & North America & East Asia and Southeast Asia & 1295 \\
5 & North America & Europe and the Mediterranean & 421 \\
6 & Europe and the Mediterranean & North America & 1021 \\
7 & East Asia and Southeast Asia & East Asia and Southeast Asia & 353 \\
8 & Europe and the Mediterranean & Europe and the Mediterranean & 250 \\
9 & North America & North America & 1500 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Profit parameters of OD pairs. The sailing speed is uniformly set to \(v=20\) knots. The round-trip time required for one ship to complete the full loop at speed \(v\) is denoted by \(t_{r}\) (weeks), which is numerically equal to \(N_{r}\).