# Abrasion-Resistant and Temperature Control of
## 3 Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field
### Analysis of Numerical Simulation Results  
When analyzing the results from the numerical simulation of temperature control on the lining concrete for Dagangshan Spillway Tunnel, mainly the temperature change of the geometric center of the sidewall lining concrete was selected for a comparative analysis, and statistics were made on the highest temperature, the maximum temperature difference and other characteristic parameters of the point inside the concrete under various calculation conditions, as detailed in Table 10. Figure 10 shows the variation of the highest temperature over time inside the concrete at different cooling water temperatures and different throughput flows. Figure 8: Meshes of simulated domains. Figure 9: Layout of the cooling pipes. Through comparing the temperature variation of the typical points in the sidewall C\({}_{90}\)50 anti-scouring and abrasion-resistant concrete under different temperature control schemes, the following conclusions could be drawn:  
(1) During the casting of sidewall C\({}_{90}\)50 anti-scouring and abrasion-resistant concrete, the temperature inside the concrete roughly experienced two stages, i.e., hydration heat-induced temperature rise and temperature drop. In the initial stage of casting, because of the hydration heat action of cement, the temperature inside the concrete rose up abruptly and reached its peak roughly 2 day after casting. After that, on account of throughput cooling and other temperature control measures, the temperature inside the concrete began to drop. Considering that the peak temperature of concrete occurred roughly 2 day after casting, it was suggested that the early-stage throughput cooling be strengthened during construction to guarantee the cooling effect of concrete. (2) As shown in Figure 10, under the same throughput flow conditions, throughput temperature declined from 17 to 12 \({}^{\circ}\)C, accompanied by the downward movement of the duration curve of the temperature inside the concrete; the peak temperature declined from 39.07 to 32.31 \({}^{\circ}\)C; the maximum temperature difference dropped from 19.35 to 14.44 \({}^{\circ}\)C, manifesting a good negative correlation. This suggested that throughput temperature was an important factor affecting the cooling effect of the cast concrete and that a relatively low throughput temperature should be adopted under suitable conditions during construction to enhance the cooling effect of concrete. (3) According to Figure 10, under the same throughput temperature conditions, when throughput flow increased from 1.5 to 1.8 m\({}^{3}\)/h, the duration curve of the temperature inside concrete would correspondingly move downward, accompanied by the corresponding decrease in the maximum temperature difference. This suggested that throughput flow was another important factor affecting the cooling effect of the cast concrete and that there was an obvious positive correlation between such a cooling effect and the rate of the throughput flow, i.e., high throughput flow could more rapidly remove the hydration heat of concrete and create a quick cooling effect.