## 2 Materials and Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Abbreviation, Unit,** & **Parameter** & **Meaning and Interpretation** \\
**References** & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(A) GAW Parameter**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Minimum glottal area/maximum glottal area:} \\ GGI (a.u.) [5] & Glottal gap index & [0-0.01] glottis entirely dosed \\  & & [0.01-0.4] glottis partially dosed \\  & & [0.4-1] little movement and no contact of vocal folds \\ ALR (a.u.) [49] & Amplitude to length ratio & Dynamic range of GAW (max-min)/glottis length: the larger the more deformable the vocal folds \\ STIFFNES (J/frames) [50] & & Maximum absolute value of 1 st derivative/dynamic range: the higher the value the stiffer the tissue \\ ASQ (a.u.) [51] & Asymmetry quotient & Speed quotient/(Speed quotient + 1) \\  & & Glottis closing time/cycle duration \\ CQ (a.u.) [52] & Closing quotient & 0: glottis does not close at all \\  & & 0.5: glottis is closed 50\% of the cycle duration \\  & & 1.0: glottis is closed all the time, does not open \\  & & Glottis open time/cycle duration \\  & & 0: glottis does not open at all \\  & & 0.5: glottis is open 50\% of the cycle duration \\  & & 1.0: glottis is open all the time, does not close \\ SQ (a.u.) [53] & Speed quotient & Opening/closing time \\  & & Spatial symmetry of GAW: rate between maximum left and right \\ ASI (a.u.) [54] & Amplitude symmetry index & glottal area, the closer to 1 the more symmetric \\  & & values are by definition between [0;1] \\ PAI (a.u.) [55] & Phase asymmetry index & Symmetry in time: deviation in time between left and right GAW \\  & & amplitude: the closer to 0 the higher the symmetry \\  & & values are by definition between [0;1] \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(B) Aerodynamic parameters**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{low-high flow resistance, ratio between the transplotal pressure} \\ R\({}_{\text{B}}\) (Pa s\({}^{-1}\)) [56] & Laryngeal flow resistance & difference and the mean glottal flow rate. A high flow resistance is desired in phonation \\ SPL (dB) & Sound pressure level & Intensity of acoustic signal \\ P\({}_{\text{S}}\) (Pa) & Subglottal pressure & Averaged air pressure measured below the vocal folds \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(C) Harmonic measures**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Development of harmonics, the higher the better} \\  & & low: low periodicity of the acoustic signal \\ CPP\({}_{\text{A}\text{P}}\) (dB) [57] & Cepstral peak prominence & high: high periodicity of the acoustic signal \\  & & (computed from the audio “A” and the subglottal pressure \\ “P” signal) \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* Parameters are separated into (A) GAW parameters, (B)/(C) audio, flow and subglottal measurement data.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Computed parameters with explanations. 1  
Figure 4: GAW, audio signal, subglottal frequencies in periodic vocal fold vibrations. Question 1: How does glottal closure insufficiency, expressed by GGI (Table 1), influence the fluid-structure-acoustic interaction within disordered vocal fold dynamics? The GGI groups were chosen equivalent to [PERSON] et al. [39] in order to ensure comparability of the two studies. The three GGI groups are categorized as follows: Best--GGI\({}_{1}\) ([0; 0.01], desired complete glottis closure during vibration), Medium--GGI\({}_{2}\) (0.01, 0.4[, partial closure of the vocal  
Figure 5: GAW, audio signal, subglottal frequencies in subharmonic vocal fold vibrations with two harmonics in the GAW. Figure 6: GAW, audio signal, subglottal frequencies in aperiodic vocal fold vibrations i.e., no periodicity recognizable in the GAW. folds), Worst--GGI\({}_{3}\) ([0.4; 1], no contact of the vocal folds during phonation). Based on the small group sizes, Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied for multiple group comparisons.