## 3 Use Cases
The tracking function of vehicles and machinery can be associated with specific business purposes, and, when extended with telemetry and telematics [58], the following can be supported: mapping of current and past locations to provide a history of their routes, optimization, and planning; RT reporting of the working mode of equipment, parameters, events, or operators; geo-fencing and limitations on working hours; and remote access to a machine's dashboard, onboard panels, or internal communication bus for diagnostic purposes. In this use case class, very high centimeter accuracy for the determination of an object's position is not necessary, but the reliability of information transfer is crucial, especially for the safety implications of personnel tracking. Although tracking by retransmitting a position determined by a GNSS receiver will be sufficient in most cases, there may be situations where RT video stream-based tracking techniques may be required. **UC8 Multimedia streaming and processing:** This group of use cases is associated with a very wide spectrum of needs in all AFBW sectors. It primarily involves RT situational awareness in remote locations (e.g., remote farmlands and pastures, logging zones, hydraulic structures in the water industry including their protection zones with restricted access, and the gathering points of wildlife, e.g., waterholes, watering troughs, mangers, hay racks, etc. ), which is provided by audio and video (visible light and thermal cameras) monitoring [32]. Streams, primarily video and, to a lesser extent, audio, can also be processed in order to detect specific events and, if they occur, activate a live transmission for the detection and documentation of illegal activities, e.g., unauthorized access [59], damaging of crops by off-road vehicles or quads, waste disposal in the forest, illegal logging, timber theft, poaching, and illegal fisheries. The application of image recognition methods to video streams can be used for advanced process automation, e.g., recognition of individual farm animals and their behavior analysis, filing/recording, and individualized feeding [60]; species identification [32]; and video/still image series streams from biodiversity monitoring camera traps. Similar possibilities are provided through the analysis of audio streams. Through analysis and comparison with reference time-spectrum patterns, it is possible to analyze bio-acoustic landscapes and identify animal species (especially birds) [32]. Using the same algorithms, it is possible to detect acoustically illegal hunting or poaching, the unauthorized use of chainsaws, machinery entry into forests, etc. It should be noted that there exist solutions providing local multimedia processing that are able to send notifications about detected events (e.g., acoustic detection of gunshots or chainsaws and the identification of the occurrence of some specific species), thus having low requirements for connectivity and are able to be assigned to UC5. However, mainly due to power consumption and dimension constraints, their processing capabilities, and hence the scope of application, are limited (e.g., a limited number of detectable patterns). Once installed in a low-performance access network, even though they are usually built on re-programmable generic hardware platforms, they do not also offer advanced remote management capabilities, e.g., Over-The-Air (OTA) functional and configuration updates and upgrades of the patterns, databases, etc. **UC9 Programming of effectors:** Effectors are diverse, electronically controlled mechatronic elements and systems in machinery, which perform specific treatments. They refer especially to the agrotechnical equipment that can be used in agriculture or forestry. The direct remote control of effectors is uncommon. They are managed mostly by specialized onboard controllers, which act according to a defined operation program, which triggers the appropriate effector in a specific location or moment [41].