## 5 Conclusions and Future Work  
In this paper, a novel quantum-chromodynamics-inspired 8 \(\times\) 8 multicolor LED panel to camera communication was proposed, implemented, and evaluated. A baryon gluon exchange color model was used to map between sets of 3 bits and respective colors. QR-code-inspired anchoring patterns were introduced to provision rotation support, thus offering more robustness. The Tx and Rx simulations of the proposed system were implemented to simulate processes involved in converting data into LED mapping and reconstructing data from images. Two strategies were proposed to achieve user-centric MIMO. Three different files were used to simulate the MIMO at the Tx side, and further decoded and logged into three output files. The content from input and output files was compared to evaluate the success of the reception of the implemented simulator. A function dependent on the camera frame rate and Tx data rate was used to simulate the frame drop. A low-cost prototype was built using 8 \(\times\) 8 neopixel LEDs and a webcam to test the  
Figure 13: Performance evaluation of proposed prototype. (**a**) BER vs. distance vs. Tx data rate; (**b**) data throughput of other similar systems. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Technique** & **Tx Device** & **Camera** & **Flicker** & **Rotation** & **Type of** & **Number** & **BER** & **Throughput** \\ \hline RS-OCC- & 8 \(\times\) 8 LED & 30 & \textless{}1.5 m & No & No & RS & 1 & \textgreater{}10\({}^{-4}\) & 1.4 Kbps \\ MIMO [14] & Panel & 30 & \textless{}2 m & Yes & No & GS & 1 & \textgreater{}10\({}^{-3}\) & 1.9 Kbps \\ Data & 8 \(\times\) 8 LED & 30 & \textless{}3 m & Yes & Yes & GS & 1 & - & 1.44 Kbps \\ Matrix & Panel & & & & & & & & \\ QR Code & 8 \(\times\) 8 LED & 30 & \textless{}3 m & Yes & Yes & GS & 1 & - & 1.44 Kbps \\ (Single Color) & Panel & & & & & & & & \\ AS-QL [27] & 8 \(\times\) 8 LED & 60 & - & Yes & Yes & GS & 1 & \textgreater{}10\({}^{-3}\) & 1.180 Kbps \\ QR Code & LCD & 60 & \textless{}3 m & Yes & Yes & RS+GS & Multiple & \textgreater{}10\({}^{-4}\) & 5.4 Kbps \\ (Multi-Color) [19] & Display & & & & & & & & \\ Proposed & 8 \(\times\) 8 LED & 30 & \textless{}3 m & Yes & Yes & RS+GS & Multiple & \textgreater{}10\({}^{-4}\) & 4.32 Kbps \\ QCD-OCC & Panel & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Performance comparison. proposed QCD-OCC system. The intensity profiles for the Tx at various distances were compared to study the impact of color intensity for successful decoding. The success of reception of the simulator and prototype was compared. The prototype achieved 100% success of reception and a maximal PSNR of \(\approx\)33 dB at the distance of 50 cm for a Tx data rate of 720 bps and ambient light intensity of \(\approx\)27 lux. The proposed prototype demonstrated the lowest BER of \(1.37\times 10^{-5}\) for 50 cm and 720 bps Tx data rate; however, the maximal allowable BER of \(1.13\times 10^{-2}\) was observed at a maximal distance of 200 cm and the maximal data rate of 3600 bps. The proposed system supported MIMO and achieved a combined throughput of 2.16 kbps with rotation support up to 90 degrees and a maximal communication distance of <3 m.  
The performance of the prototype Rx could be further improved by using a specialized lens to support longer distances of communication and high-frame-rate cameras. Using 16 \(\times\) 16 and 32 \(\times\) 32 LED panels would provide higher throughput. The work can also be rendered dynamically scalable by integrating laser projectors to provide flexible size and colors in the proposed code [28]. The performance of the proposed simulator can also be improved by integrating LED light-spreading characteristics. Conceptualization, G.V. and S.S.; methodology, S.S.; validation, G.V. ; formal analysis, S.S.; investigation, S.S.; resources, S.S.; writing--original draft preparation, S.S.; writing--review and editing, S.S. and G.V. ; supervision, G.V. ; project administration, G.V.