## 4 PAH Occurrence and Formation in Processed Meat, Edible Oils, and Cereal-Derived Products
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Product**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Processing**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PAHs (ug/kg)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PAH Derivatives (ug/kg)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-8}  & & **BaP** & **Total Sum** & **OPAHs** & **NPAHs** & **XPAHs** & \\ \hline Edible oils & & & & & & & \\ \hline Coconut & Cold-pressed & \textless{}LOLO-1.01 & \textless{}LQQ-4.95 (4) & - & - & - & [110] \\ Safflower & Cold-pressed & \textless{}LOLO-9.0 & 1.43-3.16 (4) & - & - & - & [110] \\ Linseed & Cold-pressed & \textless{}LOD-LOLO & \textless{}LQQ-2.44 (4) & - & - & - & [110] \\ Canada & Commercial & 0.98-4.23 & 39.43-4.74 (11) & - & - & - & [91] \\ Palm & Storage & - & 0.16-8.98 (8) & 0.67–18 (5) & - & - & [111] \\ Corn & Commercial & 0.32-4.39 & 1.83-47.0 (16) & - & - & - & [112] \\ Commercial & 0.23-0.69 & 12.41–20.64 (15) & - & - & - & [91] \\ Sunflower & Commercial & \textless{}LOD-5.29 & 30.6–75.9 (16) & - & - & - & [112] \\ Commercial & 0.71–1.56 & 21.68–26.76 (15) & - & - & - & [91] \\ Soybean & Refining & 0.59–1.82 & 16.52–58.04 (16) & 2.04–11.26 (5) & - & - & [113] \\ Refining & 0.32–0.76 & 19.71–48.72 (16) & 2.04–20.04 (5) & - & - & [114] \\ Commercial & \textless{}LOD-3.74 & 1.83–51.1 (16) & - & - & - & [112] \\ Cooking waste & 0.17-3.33 & 18.34–239.01 (16) & 1.34–39.60 (4) & - & - & [115] \\  & Cooking waste & - & - & - & - & 0.27–0.49 (2) & [116] \\ Rapeseed & Refining & 0.03–0.94 & 20.02–52.03 (16) & 0.93–10.88 (5) & - & - & [113] \\  & Refining & 0.03–0.31 & 17.25–38.02 (16) & 2.03–6.56 (5) & - & - & [114] \\  & Cooking waste & - & - & - & - & \textless{}LOD-0.27 (2) & [116] \\ EVOO & Commercial & \textless{}LOD & 9.9–48.3 (16) & - & - & - & [117] \\  & Commercial & 0.08–5.79 & 33.4–82.4 (16) & - & - & - & [112] \\  & Commercial & \textless{}LOLO & 11.4–45.8 (16) & - & - & - & [118] \\  & Commercial & 0.02–0.07 & 0.07–4.32 (16) & - & - & - & [119] \\ VOO & Commercial & 0.26–6.71 & 39.4–96.76 (16) & - & - & - & [112] \\  & Commercial & 0.04–0.06 & 44.2–6.36 (16) & - & - & - & [119] \\ OO & Commercial & 0.27–0.89 & 17.90–55.55 (16) & - & - & - & [120] \\  & Commercial & 0.01–0.44 & 11.55–16.65 (15) & - & - & - & [91] \\ OPO & Commercial & 0.04–0.15 & 1.21–2.85 (16) & - & - & - & [119] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Cereal and cereal-derived products} & & & & & \\ \hline Wheat & Commercial & 0.08–0.20 & 9.74–23.87 (28) & - & - & - & [121] \\ Rice & Commercial & \textless{}LOD-0.97 & - & - & \textless{}LOD-4.19 (2) & - & [122] \\ Cooked & \textless{}LOD & 248.3 (16) & - & - & - & [123] \\ Corn & Frying & - & - & - & \textless{}LOD-cLOQ (5) & - & [96] \\ Grilling & - & - & - & \textless{}LOD-3.26 (5) & - & [96] \\ Bread & Commercial & \textless{}LOD-0.20 & 0.11–0.22 (4) & - & - & - & [124] \\  & Commercial & \textless{}LOD & 1.29–4.80 (16) & - & - & - & [125] \\  & Baking & - & 9.46–228.98 (13) & - & - & - & [126] \\  & Commercial & 0.19–17.41 & 59.64–211.19 (16) & - & - & - & [127] \\  & Commercial & \textless{}LOD-0.95 & 1.60–16.91 (16) & - & - & - & [128] \\  & Commercial & 0.11–0.25 & 0.16–0.46 (4) & - & - & - & [129] \\  & Frying & - & - & - & \textless{}LOD-cLOQ (5) & - & [96] \\  & Grilling & - & - & - & \textless{}LOD-1.96 (5) & - & [96] \\  & Commercial & \textless{}LOD & 98.2–176.3 (16) & - & - & - & [123] \\ Youtiao & Frying & 0.40–1.38 & 13.81–18.00 (16) & 0.54–9.42 (5) & - & - & [5] \\ Youtiao & Frying & - & 9.67–12.48 (16) & 3.46–6.10 (5) & - & - & [130] \\ Youtiao & Frying & \textless{}LOD-11.8 & \textless{}LOD-0.195 (15) & - & - & - & [131] \\ Breakfast & Commercial & \textless{}LOD-0.30 & 0.23–0.87 (4) & - & - & - & [124] \\ cereals & Commercial & 0.09–0.30 & 0.07–0.87 (4) & - & - & - & [129] \\ Cookies & Frying & \textless{}LOD-1.33 & \textless{}LOD-26.92 (18) & - & - & - & [132] \\ Pasta & Commercial & \textless{}LOD & 0.16–1.98 (16) & - & - & - & [125] \\ Spaghetti & Commercial & 0.4–2.0 & 9.0–200 (16) & - & - & - & [133] \\ Macaroni & Commercial & 0.2–0.7 & 30–60 (16) & - & - & - & [133] \\  & Commercial & \textless{}LOD & 176.2 (16) & - & - & - & [123] \\ Noodles & Frying & \textless{}LOD-11.9 & \textless{}LOD-182.8 (18) & - & - & - & [132] \\  & Commercial & 350–830 & 560–7889 (16) & - & - & - & [134] \\  & Commercial & 0.3–3.0 & 30–800 (16) & - & - & - & [133] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}