# Game Approach to HDR-TS-PV Hybrid Power System Dispatching
## 1 Introduction  
With the increasing clean energy penetration, the power grid's security, stability, and economy have been severely affected by the intermittent and fluctuating nature of power sources. The large-scale transmission and consumption of clean energy face the challenge of a shortage of reliable power sources. This issue is especially prominent for some clean energy bases where clean energy production and transmission are the primary industry [1], such as the Gonghe Basin. This region has tens of millions of kilowatt-level clean energy bases with abundant wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal power resources. However, because of the lack of flexible and stable power sources, it is difficult to expand the scale of clean energy development further. Among the various types of clean energy sources, hot dry rock (_HDR_) power stations have the most stable and reliable operational characteristics [2]. The development of a more flexible operational mode to form a new type of energy storage system, coupled with the vast amount of thermal energy in the geothermal reservoir, would be instrumental to ensure the reliability of grid-connected photovoltaic (_PV_) plants and to support clean energytransmission. In [3], geophysical methods were used for geological characterization of the Gonghe Basin on different scales. Finally, the scope and volume of Gonghe _HDR_ resources were evaluated. According to preliminary estimates, the amount of _HDR_ geothermal energy in the Gonghe Basin is equivalent to 55.909 billion tons of standard coal [4]. Considering environmental protection requirements and realization of carbon neutrality constraints [5], comprehensive utilization of _HDR_ geothermal energy will become an essential aspect of the global clean energy supply. However, the large-scale development of _HDR_ resources still faces several technical and cost constraints [6]. The experimental results and the critical technical challenges of _HDR_ geothermal energy development were summarized in [7]. The hydraulic fracturing method assisted by micro-computed tomography was addressed in [8], which improved the development of _HDR_ geothermal resources. Focusing on the geothermal resources of _HDR_ in Daqing oilfield, China, the research carried out a numerical simulation on reservoir stimulation and economic analysis of _HDR_ power stations [9]. The results show that economy is key for restricting the development of _HDR_ geothermal resources. The geothermal generators in the _HDR_ power stations have low theoretical efficiency limited by the _HDR_ temperature [10]. In order to improve the economics of low-temperature _HDR_ power stations, the energy efficiency and exergy loss of the Kalina cycle were analyzed in detail, and the maximum energy efficiency of 12.7% was obtained [11]. In [12], the adaptability of the organic Rankine cycle (_ORC_) and Kalina cycle in low-temperature _HDR_ scenarios were further compared and analyzed. The energy efficiency of the geothermal generator was increased to 13.2%. Previous studies have shown that research in improving the efficiency of _HDR_ power station has been lagging owing to the limitations of physical and chemical properties. Therefore, coordinated operation of hybrid power systems with other energy sources, such as _PV_ plants, provides a new technical path for _HDR_ power stations to exploit their potential better and reap better economic benefits. Extensive research has been conducted by scholars worldwide on the coordinated operation of hybrid power systems [13]. Some studies have been conducted from the perspective of complementation. In [14], a stochastic two-stage unit commitment model and a rolling look-ahead economic dispatch model were established based on the concentrated solar power plant and the wind turbine complementation mechanism. To further improve the reliability of the hybrid power systems, the robust optimization theory was introduced into the optimization dispatch for a hybrid wind-_PV_-hydropower-thermal system to balance reliability and economy [15].