## 6 Results and Discussion
### Comparison with Other Optimization Algorithms
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **BHHO\({}_{TV4}\)** & **BGSA** & **BPSO** & **BBA** & **BSSA** & **BWOA** \\ \hline Breastcancer & 5.13 & 5.10 & **3.10** & 3.70 & 4.77 & 4.40 \\ BreastEW & **8.83** & 14.80 & 11.43 & 12.30 & 18.23 & 16.17 \\ CongressEW & **3.03** & 6.97 & 4.90 & 6.20 & 6.20 & 6.27 \\ Exactly & **6.07** & 7.87 & 6.17 & 6.30 & 6.87 & 6.57 \\ Exactly2 & 4.43 & 4.47 & **2.43** & 4.93 & 8.83 & 7.67 \\ HeartEW & 6.13 & 6.50 & 5.17 & **4.77** & 7.53 & 6.37 \\ IonosphereEW & **3.63** & 13.57 & 9.47 & 12.50 & 17.40 & 12.83 \\ KrvskpEW & **13.73** & 19.93 & 19.00 & 15.57 & 25.30 & 25.50 \\ Lymphography & **4.97** & 8.53 & 5.97 & 6.73 & 9.03 & 9.77 \\ M-of-n & **6.00** & 7.90 & 6.20 & 6.20 & 7.10 & 6.80 \\ penglungEW & **11.07** & 149.87 & 126.50 & 123.07 & 174.27 & 120.83 \\ SonarEW & **14.57** & 28.27 & 24.37 & 25.63 & 36.30 & 31.27 \\ SpectEW & **5.17** & 10.90 & 8.37 & 9.37 & 11.63 & 13.33 \\ Tic-tac-toe & 5.13 & 6.13 & 6.20 & **4.33** & 7.13 & 9.00 \\ Vote & **1.70** & 7.57 & 2.63 & 6.57 & 7.07 & 6.00 \\ WaveformEW & **16.00** & 21.80 & 23.50 & 16.63 & 25.87 & 28.83 \\ WineEW & **4.27** & 6.47 & 5.97 & 5.90 & 5.93 & 6.17 \\ Zoo & 4.70 & 6.33 & **3.73** & 6.17 & 4.17 & 5.97 \\ \hline Rank (F-Test) & **1.61** & 4.72 & 2.36 & 2.78 & 4.92 & 4.61 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Comparison of BHHO\({}_{TV4}\) versus other optimizers in terms of average selected features. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **BGSA** & **BPSO** & **BBA** & **BSSA** & **BWOA** & **BHHO\({}_{TV4}\)** \\ \hline Breastcancer & **6.18E-01** & 3.47E-11 & 4.06E-06 & 9.99E-03 & 2.63E-05 & **1** \\ BreastEW & 3.24E-08 & 4.08E-04 & 1.72E-05 & 3.16E-10 & 4.36E-09 & **1** \\ CongressEW & 6.51E-12 & 2.25E-10 & 2.96E-11 & 1.55E-12 & 1.47E-12 & **1** \\ Exactly & 9.70E-08 & **2.37E-01** & **2.10E-01** & 6.30E-07 & 9.34E-05 & **1** \\ Exactly2 & **3.80E-01** & 8.67E-04 & **5.48E-01** & 1.98E-11 & 1.20E-08 & **1** \\ HeartEW & **4.58E-01** & **5.03E-02** & 1.72E-02 & 5.39E-03 & **3.01E-01** & **1** \\ IonosphereEW & 1.91E-11 & 2.43E-11 & 1.81E-11 & 1.71E-11 & 1.81E-11 & **1** \\ KrvskpEW & 4.74E-08 & 5.98E-07 & 2.64E-02 & 4.09E-11 & 5.47E-11 & **1** \\ Lymphography & 9.21E-10 & 9.16E-03 & 5.78E-04 & 1.93E-10 & 6.91E-11 & **1** \\ M-of-n & 2.03E-09 & 2.15E-02 & **8.10E-01** & 3.32E-10 & 2.64E-08 & **1** \\ penglungEW & 2.84E-11 & 2.86E-11 & 2.87E-11 & 2.86E-11 & 2.88E-11 & **1** \\ SonarEW & 9.02E-11 & 5.47E-10 & 8.76E-10 & 2.86E-11 & 4.53E-11 & **1** \\ SpectEW & 6.26E-11 & 7.97E-09 & 2.71E-09 & 7.11E-11 & 3.83E-11 & **1** \\ Tic-tac-toe & 9.22E-06 & 6.21E-03 & 1.53E-02 & 2.31E-12 & 1.17E-13 & **1** \\ Vote & 1.44E-11 & 4.31E-05 & 1.57E-10 & 4.00E-11 & 9.17E-11 & **1** \\ WaveformEW & 2.22E-06 & 8.70E-08 & **3.31E-01** & 1.62E-09 & 1.91E-10 & **1** \\ WineEW & 1.56E-08 & 7.13E-09 & 6.52E-06 & 1.98E-09 & 3.63E-11 & **1** \\ Zoo & 1.98E-07 & 3.82E-05 & 1.71E-03 & 3.27E-03 & 3.98E-06 & **1** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: The 2-tailed \(p\)-values of the Wilcoxon signed ranks test for the number of features reported in Table 9 (\(p\)-values \(\leq\) 0.05 are significant).