# A Systematic Review of the Usability of Telemedicine Interface Design for Older Adults
The TAM framework is linked to the behavioral intention to continue using mobile healthcare applications, yet whether user experience or interface design represents a potential differentiator remains unclear [39]. [PERSON] [40] highlighted that perceived usefulness and ease of use are key factors influencing cancer survivors' adherence to commercial healthcare applications, emphasizing the critical role of user interface design and the application content in digital health management. Therefore, TAM provides a suitable theoretical foundation for analyzing the usability and acceptance of telemedicine interfaces among older adults in this review. Before designing and implementing telemedicine services, understanding elderly users' perceptions, needs, and preferences is essential [41], as these factors significantly impact the acceptance of telemedicine services. While prior studies have identified influencing factors for elderly telemedicine adoption, they fail to explore how these models can be applied in design practice. More importantly, there is no clear discussion on how to translate the findings from influencing factor models into concrete design strategies. Given the physiological decline and higher susceptibility to illness among older adults, they should be the primary beneficiaries of telemedicine services. However, current telemedicine systems do not adequately consider elderly users' characteristics and preferences, making them unsuitable for this demographic. Also, very few articles have investigated mobile health applications for the elderly from the standpoint of interface and functional design [42]. There is a notable lack of comprehensive reviews that address factors affecting the usability of telemedicine interface design for older adults in previous studies. An absence of detailed guidelines also exists to instruct designers or developers in the design of telemedicine interfaces for the elderly. The introduction of AI and 5G technology has brought innovative changes to telemedicine. However, current AI advancements focus mainly on functionality, often neglecting elderly users' interaction and interface simplicity [43]. While 5G enhances telemedicine's efficiency and stability, it frequently overlooks the user-interface interaction, with complex designs and processes posing barriers for elderly adoption [44]. Product design is crucial because it serves as the user's \"gateway\" into the product and directly influences the user's perception and experience by highlighting the style, quality, esthetics, ease of use, and reliability [45]. This paper attempts to combine the TAM with interface design, and proposes telemedicine interface design strategies that are suitable for the needs of the elderly, thereby improving the acceptance of telemedicine among the elderly. To achieve this, it is necessary to identify factors influencing interface usability, evaluate usability assessment methods, and provide recommendations for improving the usability of these interfaces. This review paper aims to answer the following questions:  
1. What design elements should be considered for older adults' telemedicine interface design? 2. What methods are used to evaluate the usability of interface design?