## 2 Results
### Transcriptome Sequencing and De Novo Assembly of A. paniculata  
Three different tissues (leaf, stem, and root) of _A. paniculata_ were chosen with three replicates for transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina Hiseq 6000 sequencing platform. We obtained 58.2 GB of clean data, with each sample having more than 6 GB of clean data, an error rate not exceeding 0.03%, a Q20 base ratio greater than 97.63%, and a Q30 base ratio greater than 93.28% (Table S1). The sequencing quality was very high. After filtering the raw data to remove low-quality data, we used Trinity to assemble the high-quality sequences and obtained a total of 120,032 transcripts. Based on these transcripts, the sequences were further assembled, and 40,850 unigenes were obtained. The longest and shortest unigene sequences were 21,589 bp and 301 bp, respectively, with an N50 length of 1225 bp (Figure 2A; Table S2). These parameters reflect the quality of the assembled transcripts.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & & \begin{tabular}{c} **S Protein** \\ **Binding** \\ **Affinity** \\ **(kcal/mol)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **PLpro** \\ **Binding** \\ **Affinity** \\ **(kcal/mol)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **RdRp** \\ **Binding** \\ **Affinity** \\ **(kcal/mol)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **ACE2** \\ **Binding** \\ **Affinity** \\ **(kcal/mol)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Positive control & Remdesivir & \(-8.3\) & \(-6.8\) & \(-8.0\) & \(-7.8\) \\ \hline Diterpenenes & Andrographolide & \(-8.0\) & \(-6.1\) & \(-7.7\) & \(-7.6\) \\  & Andrographain & \(-7.8\) & \(-6.4\) & \(-7.7\) & \(-7.2\) \\  & 14-Deoxyandrographiside & \(-9.0\) & \(-6.8\) & \(-8.2\) & \(-8.2\) \\  & 14-Deoxyandrographolide & \(-8.0\) & \(-5.9\) & \(-7.7\) & \(-7.7\) \\  & 14-Deoxy-11-12- & \(-8.3\) & \(-6.8\) & \(-8.3\) & \(-8.8\) \\  & didehydroandrographiside & \(-8.9\) & \(-6.6\) & \(-7.7\) & \(-7.2\) \\  & Neoandrographolide & \(-8.1\) & \(-7.4\) & \(-7.2\) & \(-7.0\) \\  & Andropanolide & \(-8.0\) & \(-6.4\) & \(-7.9\) & \(-7.2\) \\  & Bisandrographolide A & \(-9.0\) & \(-5.8\) & \(-7.9\) & \(-8.4\) \\  & Bisandrographolide D & \(-9.0\) & \(-6.6\) & \(-8.9\) & \(-8.0\) \\  & Isoandrographide & \(-8.2\) & \(-6.8\) & \(-8.0\) & \(-7.6\) \\  & 12S-Hydroxayandrographolide & \(-7.9\) & \(-6.0\) & \(-7.5\) & \(-7.0\) \\  & Paniculide B & \(-7.1\) & \(-6.9\) & \(-6.9\) & \(-6.9\) \\  & Andrographolactone & \(-8.8\) & \(-5.9\) & \(-7.4\) & \(-7.3\) \\  & 3-\(O\)-\(\beta\)-D-Glucopyranosyl andrographolide & \(-9.0\) & \(-7.2\) & \(-8.0\) & \(-8.0\) \\ \hline Flavonoids & Andrographidin A & \(-8.6\) & \(-7.6\) & \(-7.7\) & \(-8.0\) \\  & Andrographidine E & \(-8.3\) & \(-6.7\) & \(-7.3\) & \(-7.9\) \\  & Andrographidine C & \(-8.6\) & \(-7.6\) & \(-8.0\) & \(-8.1\) \\  & 5, 4’Dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyylavone & \(-7.5\) & \(-7.5\) & \(-7.6\) & \(-7.7\) \\  & Dihydrooscillapflavone I & \(-7.6\) & \(-7.0\) & \(-7.2\) & \(-7.1\) \\  & 5-Hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxy flavanone & \(-8.0\) & \(-7.2\) & \(-7.4\) & \(-7.3\) \\  & Apigenin-7, 4'-dimethylether & \(-7.9\) & \(-7.8\) & \(-7.8\) & \(-7.6\) \\  & 5-Hydroxy-7, 2', 6’-dimethoxy flavone & \(-7.7\) & \(-6.5\) & \(-7.0\) & \(-7.1\) \\  & 1-2-Dihydroxy-6-8-dimethoxy xanthone & \(-7.5\) & \(-7.0\) & \(-7.1\) & \(-6.8\) \\  & Methylswertianin & \(-7.9\) & \(-6.6\) & \(-7.1\) & \(-6.8\) \\  & 5-2’-6’-Trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone & \(-8.2\) & \(-6.9\) & \(-7.5\) & \(-7.9\) \\  & 5-2’-Dihydroxy-7-8-dimethoxyflavone & \(-8.2\) & \(-7.0\) & \(-7.7\) & \(-8.2\) \\  & 5-7-4’-Trihydroxyflavone & \(-8.4\) & \(-7.8\) & \(-7.9\) & \(-7.2\) \\  & Isoswertisin & \(-8.4\) & \(-7.4\) & \(-7.7\) & \(-7.4\) \\  & Luteolin & \(-8.5\) & \(-8.3\) & \(-8.4\) & \(-8.0\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Docking results of _A. paniculata._ The words in red are those with a binding energy greater than remdesivir.