# Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network +
###### Abstract
Nonetheless, LTE networks experience a resource shortage because of the expanding number of versatile associated gadgets [14]. Simply permitting vehicles to directly convey to the LTE network in VANET-LTE incorporation may heighten the issue of overburdening. To address this problem, vehicles must communicate as a group and designate a single vehicle as the gateway to the infrastructure. The vehicle may be either a cluster head (CH) or a cluster member (CM). However, this method takes time, increases network overhead, and hurts the QoS of VANET applications [15; 16]. The vehicle density determines the load of an LTE network in a vehicular environment. Vehicle density is affected by not only the type of road, but also the time period [17]. For the model, in the peak hours, the vehicle density on the highway is expected to be high, and the probability of the LTE network being occupied by many soliciting associations will be very high. Permitting all vehicles to convey to the LTE network during peak hours will elevate the issue of overloading. The best strategy is to characterize the vehicles serving as a mobile gateway (MGW) that can aggregate delay tolerance (DT) traffic on behalf of the other vehicles and transmit them to the infrastructure network [18; 19]. However, during non-peak hours, fewer vehicles are expected to be available, which causes the LTE network to unwind because of the presence of a low-level traffic load. For this situation, to notice the QoS of the VANET applications and increment the use of LTE network organization, the best technique has been to permit all vehicles to connect directly to LTE evolved Node B (LTE-eNB). To take advantage of the differences in vehicle density that can be observed on highways, this research proposes a non-cluster adaptive QoS-aware gateway selection (AQAGS) scheme that chooses a small number of MGW vehicles to act as the gateways to the LTE network depending on the LTE network's load status and the VANET applications' QoS requirements. MGWs are responsible for aggregating the traffic from other vehicles and communicating with the LTE network infrastructure within their IEEE 802.11p service range. The suggested method is adaptive in that the MGW is defined only when the LTE-residual eNB's load capacity falls below a predefined threshold, and DT is used. Additionally, when MGWs should be established, the simple adaptive weight (SAW) method was used to refine the multimetric MGW selection mechanism suggested by the AQAGSscheme. The MGW selection process accounted for metrics such as receive signal power, usable load power, intervehicle size, and link lifetime. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing gateway selection schemes considers the load capacity of the LTE network and QoS requirements in the proposed solutions. The remainder of the article is laid out as follows. The related work from the literature in Section 2 is extensively explored. The proposed AQAGS scheme is explained in Section 3. Section 4 discusses the AQAGS scheme's performance evaluation. Finally, the article concludes with Section 5.