## 2 Materials and Methods
### Phylogenetic Characterization  
DNA from fungal cultures was obtained using the Extract-N-Amp(tm) Plant PCR Kit (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), with slight modifications as previously described [21]. The obtained DNA was subjected to PCR amplifications of the ITS rDNA using the universal primer pair ITS1-F/ITS4 [22; 23]. The _rpb2_ gene was amplified with the primer pair _RPB2_-5F/_RPB2_-7 cR [24], the _CaM_ gene with the primer pair CMD5/CMD6 [25] and the _BenA_ gene with the primer pair Bt2a/Bt2b [26]. The PCR mixes comprised a total volume of 25 \(\upmu\)L, consisting of 12.5 \(\upmu\)L NZYTaq Green Master Mix (NZYTech(tm), Lisboa, Portugal), 1 \(\upmu\)L of each primer (10 mM), 9.5 \(\upmu\)L ultra-pure water and 1 \(\upmu\)L of template DNA. The PCR programs involved an initial denaturation at 94 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 2 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 1 min, primer annealing at 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 1 min, primer extension at 72 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 90 s and a final extension step at 72 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 5 min [27]. PCR reactions were conducted using an ABI GeneAmp(tm) 9700 PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and the resulting amplicons were purified and sequenced using an ABI 3730 xl DNA Analyzer system (96 capillary instruments) at STABVIDA, Portugal.  
DNA sequences were processed and assembled using the Geneious(r) R11.0.02 software ([[https://www.geneious.com](https://www.geneious.com)]([https://www.geneious.com](https://www.geneious.com))), deposited in GenBank and initially compared with the sequences from the National Center of Biotechnology Information nucleotide databases using the NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), with the option of Standard Nucleotide BLAST of BLAST v.2.6 [28]. For construction of the datasets for phylogenetic analysis, additional reference sequences were retrieved from GenBank based on these preliminary results. To evaluate the isolate's phylogenetic position, a concatenated dataset of _BenA_, ITS rDNA, _CaM_ and _rpb2_ individual gene alignments based on the data presented in [PERSON] and colleagues [9], [PERSON] and colleagues [29], [PERSON] and colleagues [30] and [PERSON] and colleagues [11], was constructed. Moreover, an additional _BenA_ sequence from one of the isolates was obtained by its extraction from its genomic data (see section below). Overall, the final dataset contained representative sequences of subgen. _Penicillium_, sect. _Turbata_, ser. _Turbata_, sect. _Paradoxa_, ser. _Aramentosa_ and ser. _Paradoxa_ (Table 1). Sequences of each gene were independently aligned using the online version of MAFFT v.7 [31], manually adjusted using UGENE v.1.26.3 [32] and concatenated using SeaView v.4 [33]. For phylogenetic analysis, the models of nucleotide substitutions were estimated with the ModelFinder software [34] associated with the W-IQ-TREE webserver [35] for each individual partition. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analyses, as well as the Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood ratio test (SH-aLRT) and approximate Bayes analysis (aBayes) [36; 37], were conducted with W-IQ-TREE webserver (with 1000 bootstrap replicates to verify the branches when appropriate) [35]. The tree was rooted with representative sequences from sect. _Turbata_, ser. _Turbata_.