## 3 Results
### The Bias of Collinearity  
Analysis on VIF shows that the happy expression scores had the high risk of collinearity from variables of public financial expenditure, corporate profit of enterprises above designated scale, and average wage of enrolled employees of work-units (Table 3). Sad expression scores showed possible collinearity from variables of corporate profit of enterprises above designated scale and disposal of household garbage. PRI exhibited potential collinearity from public financial expenditure and average wage of enrolled employees of work-units. Figure 2: The geographical distribution of happy (**A**), sad (**B**), and positive response index (PRI; (**C**)) in cities with 211-Project universities across mainland China. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**DF 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Happy**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sad**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PRI**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **Pr \textgreater{} |H|** & **VIF 2** & **Pr \textgreater{} |H|** & **VIF** & **Pr \textgreater{} |H|** & **VIF** \\ \hline
**Intercept** & 1 & 0.3208 & 0 & 0.7825 & 0 & 0.0192 & 0 \\ \hline GDP per capita & 1 & 0.1992 & 8.5949 & 0.5681 & 8.5949 & 0.134 & 8.5949 \\ \hline Public financial expenditure & 1 & **0.0024 3** & **264.95976** & 0.1355 & 264.95976 & **0.0033** & **264.95976** \\ \hline Corporate profit of enterprises above designated scale 4  & 1 & **0.0361** & **59.3944** & **0.0344** & **59.3944** & 0.0719 & 59.3944 \\ \hline Population of employees of CdTe work-units 5  & 1 & 0.0511 & 221.303 & 0.0547 & 221.303 & 0.0945 & 221.303 \\ \hline Average wage of enrolled employees of work-units & 1 & **0.0395** & **107.13049** & 0.9147 & 107.13049 & **0.0262** & **107.13049** \\ \hline Number of internet wideband accesses & 1 & 0.1082 & 45.01435 & 0.953 & 45.01435 & 0.0897 & 45.01435 \\ \hline Real number of end-of-year taxicabs & 1 & 0.826 & 174.32991 & 0.8198 & 174.32891 & 0.7701 & 174.32891 \\ \hline Numbers of hospitals and health-centers & 1 & 0.1418 & 58.34608 & 0.3605 & 58.34608 & 0.1692 & 58.34608 \\ \hline Number of regular institutions of higher education 6  & 1 & 0.1438 & 14.73109 & 0.1323 & 14.73109 & 0.2172 & 14.73109 \\ \hline Collection of books in public libraries & 1 & 0.5681 & 187.93685 & 0.316 & 187.98365 & 0.4092 & 187.98365 \\ \hline Total area of resident lands & 1 & 0.6997 & 112.74508 & 0.5011 & 112.74508 & 0.9902 & 112.74508 \\ \hline End-of-year population of registered residents & 1 & 0.3431 & 79.37711 & 0.4805 & 79.37711 & 0.3929 & 79.37711 \\ \hline Total area of green space in CdTe city & 1 & 0.4886 & 69.92869 & 0.0783 & 69.92869 & 0.7245 & 69.92869 \\ \hline Domestic water consumption by residents & 1 & 0.7263 & 63.86034 & 0.8968 & 63.86034 & 0.7279 & 63.86034 \\ \hline Electricity consumption of CdTe residents & 1 & 0.5377 & 178.41355 & 0.8228 & 178.41355 & 0.5412 & 178.41355 \\ \hline Discharge of industrial sewage & 1 & 0.3671 & 22.32038 & 0.8054 & 22.32038 & 0.3135 & 22.32038 \\ \hline Emission of industrial SO2 & 1 & 0.777 & 14.73447 & 0.3799 & 14.73447 & 0.9083 & 14.73447 \\ \hline Emission of industrial dust & 1 & 0.7675 & 10.03224 & 0.2676 & 10.03224 & 0.5754 & 10.03224 \\ \hline Centralized disposal of sewage & 1 & 0.0942 & 5.49206 & 0.5721 & 5.49206 & 0.0562 & 5.49206 \\ \hline Disposal of household garbage & 1 & 0.9116 & 1.58069 & **0.0156** & **1.58069** & 0.5084 & 1.58069 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note. – 1 DF, degree of freedom; 2 VIF, variance inflation; 3 Values in bold font indicate significant VIF; 4 Enterprises above designated scale, annual revenue over 20 million Yuan from the primary business of industrial enterprises; 5 CdTe city and town; 6 institutions of higher education, educational institutions that can grant degrees that are higher than high-school education education, including university, college, vocational technique university/college, etc.  
\end{table}