## 3 Results
### Model Interpretability  
In order to better understand model decisions, we applied the integrated gradient [25] method, which is an explainable AI technique. It allows one to visualize neural network input importance and explain the contribution of individual words to the model's prediction. The method needs a baseline such as a zero embedding vector for text models. It considers the straight line path from the baseline to the actual input and computes the gradients at all points along the path. Integrated gradients are obtained by accumulating these gradients. Specifically, integrated gradients are defined as the path integral of the gradients along the straight line path from the baseline to the actual input. Table 6 contains three example texts, subject to the integrated gradient technique. Words and phrases highlighted in red illustrate word attributions toward the False class; green highlighted words and phrases lean the model toward the True class. Color saturation reflects attribution value. We can observe several properties common for the model explanations:  
* The most indicative for veracity are words and phrases located at the beginning of texts. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{227.6 pt}} \hline \hline You should not eat meat because it is hard to digest and has a negative effect on our digestive system. Meat is produced in mass quantities and such production harms the environment, and killing animals is not humane. Meat can easily be replaced with ingredients of plant origin, and this would give a greater gross domestic product in our country, which is one of the largest vegetable producers in Europe. E.g., products of legume origin can replace the minced cutlets in burgers. Eating meat carries many risks as it transmits diseases and viruses that may cause a pandemic. Meat stored in our refrigerators quickly loses its value and suitability, but in stores it is soaked with various substances and salty solutions to artificially extend their saleable date. To sum up, eating meat in our economic balance is unfavorable. [..] \\ \hline PRED: True ACT True & Poland should accept far more immigrants than before. I see no reason why the identity or purely national aspects should obscure the fundamental fact of being a human being and limit its ability to move across the surface that all people are, and at least should be, common. Since money flows in a globalized world can cross national borders, so much should people be able to do. No legal regulation can question the basic human rights to live in conditions that will be more favorable for a specific person or group of people. In discussions on migration, it is also forgotten that economic inequalities or armed conflicts between entire regions are largely the result of past colonial expansions. Therefore, it is very difficult to reliably indicate why the countries of the Occident, whose prosperity grew thanks to this type of expansion, would now close themselves to the redistribution of goods resulting from them, let alone deny the right of residence to people whose life looks like that by the previously created inequalities. \\ \hline PRED: True ACT: False & [PERSON] is a weak footballer and an amateur footballer promoted by his friend [PERSON], who built his career without technical and football skills on pairs, and his market value is overestimated thanks to skilful marketing and sponsorship activities. Summary: [PERSON] is a weak footballer, a poor technician and a few goalscorer in Germany. Internationally little known and weak footballer among the stars not recognizable with a low contract in Bayern and Germany. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Examples of model interpretability. PRED: predicted class, ACT: actual class. Words and phrases that have positive correlations with the true class are shown in green, otherwise red, taking into account the degree of color saturation as an indicator of the strength of the relationship. * The same phrase can attribute towards the True class in one text and towards the False class in another text.