# Recent Advances in Lithiophilic Porous Framework toward Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode
## 2 Metal-Based Li Host
### Nickel
The metal-based porous framework including the methods of preparation and electrochemical performance is summarized in Table 1.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Metal-Based Porous** & **Methods/Modifications for** & & **Electrochemical Performance** & **Ref. ** \\
**Framework** & **Creating a Porous Structure** & & & \\ \hline Micropatterned-Li & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Microneedle} & Improved rate capability and cycling stability by 20\% & [17] \\  & & and 200\%, respectively. & & \\ CSR/DSR Li & Lithography & Stable Li plating/stripping up to 10 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) and & [18] \\ Micropatterned-Li & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Pressing/coating of \(\upmu\)m-sized} & Cycling performance and dendrite-free Li deposition & \\ Micropatterned-Li & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Li powder} & shows the possibility to replace anode with excess Li. & [19; 21] \\ Micropatterned-Li & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\upmu\)m-scale pyramid reliefs} & Reversible Li plating/stripping & [20] \\ Micropatterned-Li & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Microneedle + CSP\({}_{6}\) additive} & Provides self-healing electrostatic shield & [22] \\
3D nanostructured-Li & \multicolumn{2}{c}{calcalendaring and folding} & 20 mV overpotential for 200 cycles at 20 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) & [25] \\
3D sub-micron sized Cu & \multicolumn{2}{c}{ammonia solution process} & \textless{}50 mV polarization after 600 cycling, CE 98.5\% at & [9] \\  & & & 0.5 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) of Li, CE 98.6\% during & [26] \\
3D CuNW & \multicolumn{2}{c}{alkaline solution process} & 200 cycles at 1 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) & [27] \\  & & & \\
3D porous Cu & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Dealloying of brass-ammonium} & CE 97\% for 250 cycles at 0.5 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) & [27] \\  & & chloride solution process & 20 mV polarization, stable 400 h plating/stripping at & [28] \\
3D porous Cu & \multicolumn{2}{c}{accidic solution} & 1 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) & [29] \\
3D porous Cu & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Vacuum distillation-(400–900) \({}^{\circ}\)C} & 800 h plating/stripping at 0.52 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) & [29] \\ Microcompartmented-Cu & \multicolumn{2}{c}{hot laminin, laser ablation,} & CE 99\% after 150 cycles at 0.5 mA cm\({}^{-2}\). & [30] \\  & & alkaline etching & 20 mV polarization, CE 98.5 within 200 cycles at 1 at & [31] \\  & & & 1 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) & [32] \\
3D porous Cu/Li-metal & \multicolumn{2}{c}{mechanical press or folding} & 60 mV polarization, CE 93.8\% after 100 cycles at & [33] \\  & & & 0.5 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) & [2000 h \\  & & &To further enhance the lithiophilicity of Ti, the CuO nanoflower was grown on Ti mesh by the microwave-assisted solution reaction at 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C, which was further pressed on the Li wafer by a battery sealer with mechanical pressure of 800 psi [71]. The Li/Cuo@Ti-mesh (LCTM) composite anode exhibited a high CE of 94.2% at 10 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) over 90 cycles with a low overpotential of 50 mV. The low overpotential of 50 mV and 250 mV were achieved at a high current density of 20 and 40 mA cm\({}^{-2}\). [PERSON] et al., used the 3D conductive stainless steel fibrous metal felt (FMF) of a fiber diameter of 10 \(\upmu\)m, porosity of 80%, and surface area or 0.05 m\({}^{2}\) g\({}^{-1}\) to prepare the FMF/Li electrode by roll-pressing [72]. The FMF/Li symmetrical cell test showed a low overpotential of 30 mV at a high current density of 10 mA cm\({}^{-2}\).