# Speech Disorders in Dysgnathic Adult Patients in the Field of Severity of Primary Dysfunction
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Primary Function**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Consonants**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Bilabial** & **Alveolar** & **Labiodental** & **Palatal** & **Palatal\_PL** & **Dental** & **Skeletal** & **Soft Tissue** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Breathing} & Cor & 4.59 \(\pm\) 0.83 & 4.27 \(\pm\) 0.86 & 4.68 \(\pm\) 0.73 & 4.65 \(\pm\) 0.60 & 4.61 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 3.75 \(\pm\) 1.09 & 12.29 \(\pm\) 1.92 & 7.06 \(\pm\) 0.94 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Inc & 4.68 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 3.95 \(\pm\) 0.96 * & 4.43 \(\pm\) 0.97 & 4.15 \(\pm\) 0.96 * & 4.12 \(\pm\) 1.07 * & 3.21 \(\pm\) 1.20 * & 10.87 \(\pm\) 2.47 * & 6.94 \(\pm\) 1.07 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Swallowing} & Cor & 4.51 \(\pm\) 0.82 & 4.41 \(\pm\) 0.85 & 4.61 \(\pm\) 0.77 & 4.46 \(\pm\) 0.82 & 4.60 \(\pm\) 0.77 & 3.79 \(\pm\) 1.20 & 12.28 \(\pm\) 2.07 & 6.92 \(\pm\) 0.98 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Inc & 4.75 \(\pm\) 0.69 * & 3.81 \(\pm\) 0.91 * & 4.46 \(\pm\) 0.98 & 4.27 \(\pm\) 0.89 & 4.08 \(\pm\) 1.06 * & 3.13 \(\pm\) 1.08 * & 10.75 \(\pm\) 2.38 * & 7.05 \(\pm\) 1.05 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Chewing} & Cor & 4.84 \(\pm\) 0.54 & 4.20 \(\pm\) 0.88 & 4.72 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 4.52 \(\pm\) 0.73 & 4.55 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 3.62 \(\pm\) 1.12 & 11.96 \(\pm\) 2.02 & 7.29 \(\pm\) 0.71 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Inc & 4.50 \(\pm\) 0.86 * & 4.00 \(\pm\) 0.97 & 4.39 \(\pm\) 0.98 & 4.23 \(\pm\) 0.93 & 4.14 \(\pm\) 1.09 * & 3.28 \(\pm\) 1.21 * & 11.06 \(\pm\) 2.54 * & 6.76 \(\pm\) 1.15 * \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Biting} & Cor & 4.85 \(\pm\) 0.36 & 4.31 \(\pm\) 0.88 & 4.74 \(\pm\) 0.69 & 4.56 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 4.65 \(\pm\) 0.62 & 3.73 \(\pm\) 1.20 & 12.21 \(\pm\) 1.98 & 7.30 \(\pm\) 0.68 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Inc & 4.56 \(\pm\) 0.86 & 3.98 \(\pm\) 0.95 & 4.44 \(\pm\) 0.95 * & 4.27 \(\pm\) 0.90 & 4.18 \(\pm\) 1.06 * & 3.30 \(\pm\) 1.16 * & 11.11 \(\pm\) 2.45 * & 6.85 \(\pm\) 1.11 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Abbreviations: Cor—Correct: Inc—Increrect * statistically significant worsening of speech in the group with incorrect primary function versus correct group (\(p<0.05\)); # inverse significant difference (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Articulation outcome of consonants in dysgnathic patients with correct versus incorrect primary function. palate scars, enlargement of palatal tonsils, lips shape. Incorrect swallowing is related to high palate as well high and narrow shape of the palate (\(p<0.05\)). Swallowing is not related (Kruskal-Wallis test) to total lips efficiency, total tongue efficiency; however, incorrect swallowing is related to lower total visual assessment (\(p<0.05\)). It was observed that dysgnathic patients with an incorrect swallowing type had better articulation of bilabials. Chewing is not related (x2 test) to skeletal diagnosis established as in Table 3, malocclusion, understood as additional occlusal data, tongue volume, tongue scars, palate shape, palate scars, enlargement of palatal tonsils, and lips shape. Incorrect chewing is related (Kruskal-Wallis test) to lower total lips efficiency, lower total tongue efficiency (\(p<0.05\)) and with extremely low total visual assessment (\(p<0.001\)). Biting is not related (x2 test) to skeletal diagnosis established as in Table 3, malocclusion, understood as additional occlusal data, tongue volume, tongue scars, palate shape, palate scars, enlargement of palatal tonsils, lips shape. If the severity of primary dysfunction value increases it was noted in this study that total lips efficiency (\(p<0.05\)), total tongue efficiency (\(p<0.05\)), total visual assessment (\(p<0.05\)) worsen. Only weak relationships were observed. A collective measure of severity of primary dysfunction (SPD) indicates that a skeletal class III deformity leads to a greater primary dysfunction (Figure 1) than a class II disorder (\(p<0.05\)). Furthermore, it was noted that SPD is related to the quality of pronunciation of alveolar (\(p<0.001\)), labiodental (\(p<0.005\)), palatal (\(p<0.001\)), palatal_PL (\(p<0.001\)), dental (\(p<0.001\)), skeletal (\(p<0.001\)) and soft tissue (\(p<0.05\)) consonants.