# A Prospective Study on Accuracy of Computer-Based Fully Guided Versus Pilot-Guided Implant Surgery
## 3 Results  
A total of 74 implants were installed in the 20 patients and fixed prostheses were done. There was no significant complication 1 year after prosthesis. Three of twenty patients were in full dedentulous state (1 patient with pilot guide (8 implants) and two patients with full guide (16 implants)), and these three surgical guides were supported from the bone. Of the implants placed, 14 were implanted in the anterior region (ten pilot guides and four full guides). However, the remaining 12 implants, except for the two implants of a patient using the pilot guides, were used with the posterior part using a single guide. It was planted at the same time. Total 63 implants were placed with open flap technique and 11 implants were placed with flapless technique. Table 1 shows the distribution of implant placement, supporting part of the guide, and flap/flapless technique. All of the implant surgeries followed preoperative planning except for one case in pilot guide implant group in which the implant (#14) was excluded from the data because of the fracture of the surgical guide during surgery. Radiological examination showed that all the implants had achieved osseointegration, and both the soft and hard tissues around implants were stable. There was no implant failure one year after prosthesis  
A box plot with 95% confidence interval for each measurement was made (Figures 7-9). The implant placement deviation was \(1.33\pm 0.75\) mm in the shoulder area (Table 2.) and \(1.54\pm 0.87\) mm in the apical area (Table 3) with pilot drill guide surgery. The average bone loss after 1 year was \(0.50+0.24\) mm. (Table 4.) in the case of fully guide system, the deviation was \(0.96\pm 0.57\) mm in the shoulder area and \(1.38\pm 0.76\) mm in the apical area. As a result of measuring the angle deviation of the implants, the pilot-guided was \(3.33\pm 3.23\), which is more accurate than the fully guided \(3.90\pm 1.85\). However, it was not statistically significant. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline  & **Pilot-Guided** & **Fully Guided** & **Total** \\ \hline Average implants per subject & 3.3 & 4.1 & 3.7 \\ Implant position & & & \\ Anterior & 10 & 4 & 14 \\ posterior & 23 & 37 & 60 \\ Support system & & & \\ Bone support & 8 & 16 & 24 \\ Tooth support & 25 & 25 & 50 \\ Flap or Flapless & & & \\ Flap & 29 & 34 & 63 \\ Flapless & 4 & 7 & 11 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Demographic distribution. Figure 8: Box plots for deviations—apical area. (Circle and asterisk representing outlier(values that do not fall in the whisker bars) and extreme outlier(values more than three times the height of the boxes), respectively.). Figure 7: Box plots for deviations—shoulder area. (Circle and asterisk representing outlier(values that do not fall in the whisker bars) and extreme outlier(values more than three times the height of the boxes), respectively.). _Appl. Sci._**2020**, _10_, 1975 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Horizontal**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Vertical**} \\ \hline  & **dx** & **dy** & **dz** & \\ \hline Pilot-guided & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 0.61 \(\pm\) 0.55 & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 1.33 \(\pm\) 0.75 \\ Fully guided & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.52 & 0.29 \(\pm\) 0.27 & 0.56 \(\pm\) 0.51 & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.57 \\ [PERSON]’s test \(p\)-value & 0.074 & 0.010 1  & 0.040 152 \\ T-test \(p\)-value & 0.913 & 0.0052  & 0.033  \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Deviations—shoulder area. Figure 9: Box plots for angulation deviations. (Circle and asterisk representing outlier(values that do not fall in the whisker bars) and extreme outlier(values more than three times the height of the boxes), respectively.). The average bone loss after 1 year was 0.50 + 0.29 mm in the pilot-guided surgery group. In the case of fully guided surgery, average bone loss after 1 year was 0.50 + 0.24 mm. It was not statistically significant (Table 5).