## 4 Results  
### Substitutability of MEVO Municipal Electric Bike Systems against the Other Forms of Urban Transport  
To verify the hypothesis formulated in this article, the respondents' answers to the three following questions were absolutely essential:  
-What form of transportation do you replace most frequently with the MEVO municipal bike system? -If for some reason you would not be able to travel by MEVO bike today (e.g., no bike at the start station or system failure), how would you travel to your destination? -How did your previous transport behavior change after the launch of the MEVO municipal bike system? \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Respondent Characteristics** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Min** & **Max** \\ \hline Age (in years) & 28 & 5.7 & 16 & 59 \\ \hline Household size (persons) & 2.9 & 1.5 & 1 & 7 \\ \hline Household bicycle ownership & 1.2 & 1.4 & 0 & 7 \\ \hline
**Respondent Characteristics** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Characteristic Value (\%)**} \\ \hline Gender & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Male—48.21\%; female—51.56\%)} \\ \hline Education & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Higher (bachelor’s or master’s degree)—64.73\%; middle school—18.08\%; in the course of bachelor or master studies—13.61\%; primary education only—3.23\%)} \\ \hline Social and professional status \({}^{\star}\) & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Working on a contract—78.79\%; student—13.83\%; pensioner—2.45\%; freelancing—6\%; unemploymented—4\%)} \\ \hline Driver’s license & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Yes—84.38\%; No—15.62\%)} \\ \hline Car ownership & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Yes—65.4\%; No—34.6\%)} \\ \hline Disposable income per month & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Below 250 EUR—7.14\%; 251–500 EUR—6.02\%; 501–750 EUR—26.79\%; 751–1000 EUR—25.45\%;} \\ per capita in household & \multicolumn{4}{c}{1001–1500 EUR—15.63\%; above 1500 EUR—18.75\%)} \\ \hline Main purpose of using MEVO & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Traveling to work—63.84\%; traveling to the place of study—9.60\%; sport or recreation—6.03\%; shopping—14.29\%; visiting friends or family—3.79\%; other—2.23\%)} \\ \hline Distance between place of residence and place of work or study & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Below 2 km—11.38\%; 2-3 km—30.13\%; 4–6 km—22.32\%; 7–9 km—16.52\%; 10–13 km—6.47\%;} \\ \hline How often do you travel by & \multicolumn{4}{c}{(Below 2 km—10\%; several times a week—51\%; once a week—6\%; several times a month—21\%;} \\ MEVO bike? & \multicolumn{4}{c}{once a month—39\%; less than once a month—9\%; first time—0.4\%)} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{\star}\) Multiple answers possible. Source: own elaboration based on the data obtained in the study.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Characteristics of the survey sample (\(n=500\)). The data presented in Table 2 shows that based on the respondents' answers, travel with the use of municipal electric bikes replaced, to a large extent, the sustainable forms of transportation. In the case of over 50% of the respondents, the municipal bike replaced their travels by public transport. Over 30% of the following respondents abandoned non-motorized forms of transportation (walking and travel by private bicycle) in favor of the municipal bikes. Only 14% of the respondents declared that, for them, the municipal electric bike most frequently replaced the passenger car (including private passenger car, taxi services, car-sharing, and carpooling services). It should also be noted that every fifth surveyed MEVO system user declared that the municipal bike was used instead of walking. In their case, the change in transport behavior, namely walking being partially replaced by travel with the use of municipal electric bikes, should be considered unfavorable for sustainable urban development. Moreover, Table 3 presents data on the respondents' declarations regarding the form of transportation most frequently replaced by municipal electric bikes in their urban travels. However, in this case, the survey covered only the respondents who had a driver's license and a passenger car in their household at the time of the survey.