## 4 Results
### Problem-Solution Diagnosis  
For each of the six missions, a different set of solutions was implemented, consisting of a mix of regulations, voluntary standards, and innovative solutions. The current study applies MIS to determine the performance of the current SUD projects of the municipality with respect to their sustainability ambitions, and how to influence the incorporation of the sustainability ambitions in the transition toward SUD. The first theme is **sustainable energy. ** To tackle this problem, the Municipality of Amsterdam wants to build new projects natural-gas-free and invest in renewable resources. The main solutions implemented in this category are measured by the EPC and the Nearly Energy-Neutral Buildings (Bijna Energieneutrale Gebouwen, BENG). The EPC is an index of the energy efficiency of new buildings, which has been made stricter since 1990 up to a score of 0.4 in 2015. This means that the buildings have to use 40% of the energy that was used in 1990. In 2021, the EPC was replaced by the BENG. The BENG is determined by three different requirements [45], which are all expected to be above/below a certain value. The first requirement is the maximum demand of energy per m\({}^{2}\) floorspace per year, with a maximum of 50 kWh, which is calculated by the sum of heating and cooling. This can be reduced by optimizing the building through, for example, improving its thermal shell. The second requirement is the primary fossil fuel use per m\({}^{2}\) floorspace per year with a maximum of 20 kWh. Energy generated through renewable sources can be subtracted from the total sum. For example, energy systems as STES, city heat, or data heat reduce this. The third requirement is the minimum share of renewable energy in percentages, with a minimum of 70%, which includes the use of solar panels, wind energy, or hydroelectric power. The second theme is **cleaner air through emission-free mobility. ** A different range of pollutants from emissions cause severe and numerous health issues in cities all over the world [46]. Within Amsterdam the air quality is, on certain aspects, below the European standards and therefore policies are in place to tackle these issues [47]. The main solutions that the Municipality of Amsterdam focuses on are the hinderance or prohibition of the most polluting vehicles in certain areas of the city, the implementation of the use of charging stations for electric cars, and the possibilities to share vehicles. Another main solution, restricted parking spaces and having no private parking spaces in the public space, means that newly built buildings need to realize either a parking space inside the building or no parking spaces at all. This theme also included indicators for sustainable construction logistics and the use of clean construction machinery. The third theme is **climate adaptation**. Climate change will cause more severe weather situations [48]. The solutions for this category focus on the ability to adapt to these extreme conditions, like processing heavy rainfall, heatwaves, and droughts. This included solutions like green roofs, green facades, courtyards, water storage crates, and the minimization of paving. Furthermore, buildings must be able to process 60 mm/m\({}^{2}\) of rainfall every hour and green spaces should be present. The fourth theme is **greening nature urban spaces and building nature-inclusive. ** More research is pointing toward the importance of green within cities for human health, biodiversity, and to cope with extreme weather conditions [49; 50]. Every project has a so-called 'green standard', which determines how much green should be included within the public area. Such general standards are often supplemented through extra criteria in tenders. Buildings are also expected to be nature-inclusive, which can be achieved through green roofs, green facades, high biodiversity in plants, or the inclusion of nest boxes for animals. In tenders this is measured and monitored using a point system.