# Mathematical Models for Named Data Networking Producer Mobility Techniques: A Review
## 3 Recent Mobility Techniques
### Anchorless Technique
Interest aggregation decreases repetitive queries, reducing bandwidth usage and enhancing network efficiency. Additionally, it optimizes the processing of interest packets by aligning with NDN's content-centric nature and focusing on content names. NDN hybrid mobility has gained an appeal due to its ability to enhance the performance and efficiency of mobile and wireless networks by incorporating other technologies and applications. It addresses problems such as inconsistent network addressing, limited application utilization, data archiving, replication issues, and content durability. Hence, integrating mobility methods and techniques to create hybrid techniques effectively resolves the problems. To address the challenges related to hybrid mobility, we can utilize ndnSIM for simulation purposes. This involves configuring the topology to facilitate the execution of the hybrid simulation. Figure 8 illustrates a concise overview of the NDN hybrid mobility taxonomy, whereas Table 8 categorizes the hybrid NDN approaches. The subsequent sections delineate some potential hybrid methodologies. Table 9 presents the potential challenges and limitations of NDN in network optimization. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Hybrid Classification**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Simulation Tools**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Technique**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Method**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Future Advantage**} \\  & **(Mathematical/ Experiment)** & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{IP based} & Experiment & Anchor and rendezvous & [95] & Centaur & Application for real-time streaming \\ \cline{2-6}  & Experiment & Anchor and anchorless & [96] & PLI-Sync & Reduce wireless mobility packet loss \\ \cline{2-6}  & Mathematical & Anchor and rendezvous & [97] & IP and ICN & Improve network data delivery traffic \\ \cline{2-6}  & Mathematical & Anchor and anchorless & [98] & Hybrid mobility NDN & Resolving problems with signaling protocols and retrieval of data \\ \cline{2-6}  & Experiment & Anchor and anchorless & [99] & Mapping Bloom Filter FIB (MaFIB) & False-positive probability performance increases \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Mathematical} & Anchor and anchorless & [100] & HoPP & Limit the FIB table to facilitate mobility capabilities \\ \cline{2-6}  & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Mathematical} & Anchor and anchorless & [101] & Hybrid VNDN & Advantage of geospatial and named data characteristics \\ \cline{2-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Experiment & Anchor and anchorless & [102] & Hybrid-Vehfog & Enhance communication in obstacle- shadowing zones \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Mathematical} & Anchor and rendezvous & [103] & Geographic routing & Improve content distribution in vehicle networks \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Experiment} & Anchorless and rendezvous & [104] & Hybrid ICDTN building & Enhance the ICDTN application on the NDN network \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Experiment} & Anchorless and rendezvous & [105] & Reinforcement Learning Scheme (RLS) & Enhance data retrieval with deep learning \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Experiment} & Anchorless and rendezvous & [74] & Content Dissemination & Priority of Interest size based on limited location \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Mathematical} & Anchorless and rendezvous & [106] & Hybrid 802.11p-cellular & Improve the effectiveness of interest transfer \\ \cline{2-6}  & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Categorization of NDN hybrid.