# Efficiency Comparison of AC and DC Distribution Networks for Modern Residential Localities
## 8 Conclusions  
This research effort presented a comparative effectiveness study of AC and DC distribution systems. DC, which was considered to have become obsolete, is striking back in power systems. The battle of currents has reignited and DC has appeared in generation, transmission, distribution,  
Figure 6: AC vs. DC system efficiency with varying solar capacity: (**a**) 500 W, (**b**) 700 W, (**c**) 900 W, (**d**) 1100 W, (**e**) 1300 W, and (**f**) 1500 W.  
and utilization. DC power at the distribution level is under research, and particularly the residential distribution system has become a topic of interest where AC and DC distribution systems' efficiencies are noticed to be comparable. However, this does not support DC to take AC's place at the distribution level. In order to do so, DC has to defeat AC considering all factors that affect their efficiencies. One of those factors is the daily load variation. Load variation holds a concrete footing in defining AC and DC systems' efficiency at the distribution level, as presented in this paper. With varying power consumption, the efficiencies of installed power electronic converters change, and hence, we obtain variable efficiency values of the systems. The results presented comparable overall efficiencies for AC and DC systems in this paper. However, during 24 h, there were intervals when DC was efficient as compared to AC due to better converter efficiencies because of high converter loading. In contrast, there were periods during the day when DC showed less efficiency as compared to AC due to low converter efficiency because of reduced power consumption. The AC system efficiency remained almost constant throughout the day, whereas the DC system efficiency kept dwindling up and down. In addition, the trend of energy generation is shifting to renewable energy resources, and thus we introduced residential solar PV installations because of their rising importance. Since this research focuses on time-based analysis, we performed an analysis of time-varying solar insolation amalgamated with load variations in this paper. In addition to the solar power variations, the power capacities of solar PV panels installed in residences were also varied for analysis. Again, the results demonstrated almost the same average efficiencies for the DC and AC systems and the strong dependence of AC and DC systems' efficiency on converter efficiencies, which in turn depend on load consumption that varies with time. Hence, time is one strong factor that defines the efficiencies of both systems. Although AC and DC system efficiencies are equivalent when averaged over 24 h, for DC, to completely wipe AC out of the distribution sector, DC should overcome AC throughout the day.  
H.E.G., Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing--original draft; F.D., Project administration, Supervision, Writing--review, editing; K.S., Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing--review; M.N., Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing--review, editing; K.A.K.N., Writing--review, editing; Y.Y., Writing--review, editing. This research received no external funding.  
Special thanks to [PERSON] and [PERSON] for their support.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.