## 4 The Role of Edible Coatings in the Enhancement of the Postharvest Quality of Apples
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline
**Apples or Variety** & **Coating or Biopolymer** & **Active Compound** & **The Storage Conditions** & **Effect** & **References** \\ \hline _Malus domestic_ cv. & pullulan & extract _Saturajh hotrenesis_ L. & 16 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 14 days and 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C, & the reduction of weight loss; extending storage time; reduced wiring and wrinkling of the surface & [168] \\ \hline _Malus domestic_ cv. & pullulan & extract _Bergenia crussifolia_ & 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C, RH 70\% for 28 days, & antimicrobial effect; preserving the & \\ _Tonagored\({}^{\prime}\) & pullulan & (LBL) & and 16 \({}^{\circ}\)C, RH 60 for 14 days. & hardness of apples; extending storage time; & [169] \\ \hline _Malus domestic_ cv. & pullulan & sweet basil (_Oximum_ & 14 days, and are 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, & extending the shelf life of apples; low & \\ _Tonagored\({}^{\prime}\) & pullulan & _busililican_ L) & RH 70\%-75\% for 30 days & & protection against mesophilic bacteria, but & \\ \hline Not indicated & xanthan gum & zinc oxide (ZnO) & room temperature, 13 days & & good antifungal properties against \(R\). & [131] \\ \hline Apple fruit variety & starch, t-carrageenan & sucrose ester & 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, then 1 day & & & \\ Cripps Pink & starch, t-carrageenan & sucrose ester & at 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Custard apple _(Amoun squamous)_} & chitosan & ascorbic acid & 15 \(\pm\) 1 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 12 days & & delay in the degradation of post-harvest & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & & quality; the composite coating delayed the & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & reduction of hardness, appearance, and & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & loss of moisture & & loss of moisture & \\ \hline Apple ber _(Ziziphus martitiam L)_ & chitosan, guar gum & aloe vera gel, garlic extract & ambient temperature & & extended the shelf life of the fruit & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & & compared to the control sample (uncoated) & [172] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & maintaining water activity; improvement & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & tarbush & 27 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 8 weeks & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & & of firmness, quality, and durability & \\ \hline Malang’s Apples & starch-chitosan & essential oil of sweet & & & improvement of colour, smell, and texture & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & & of fruit; the essential oil had the maximum & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & & effect on antibacterial activity & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Apples Kala kulu} & \multirow{3}{*}{guar} & \multirow{3}{*}{fenugreek, flazseed} & \multirow{3}{*}{25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 35 days} & \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{[11]} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & reduction of microbial contamination while & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & preserving the quality attributes of fruits & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & without significantly altering their & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  & & & nutritional value & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Examples of the use of edible coatings in improving the postharvest quality of apples, including active compounds, storage conditions, and the effects achieved. A slowed rate of respiration was also observed, and apples treated with coatings with the highest concentrations of essential oils were characterised by the most favourable sensory and visual characteristics [174]. Also, [PERSON] et al. [18] researched the use of edible films made based on sodium alginate, covering apples of the species 'Tabitmchan' (_Syzyzgium samarangenese_), which contain numerous biologically active compounds (antioxidants), having a positive effect on human health.