## 2 Aquaculture Threats for the Environment
The discharge of nutrients caused by a poor plan can be contained, depending on the prevailing conditions in waterbodies. Consequently, aquaculture industry assessments will be carried out to ensure that these farms are run in an environmentally responsible manner as a result of these uneaten feed, faeces, and other metabolic byproducts. Other organisations utilise the water wherein the cultured animals are raised as a shared public resource for agricultural, or leisure purposes [16]. Future agricultural systems must be increasingly self-sufficient, not just in terms \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Common Name** & **Total Phosphorus** & **Total Nitrogen** & **Total Suspended** & **Biochemical Oxygen** & **Reference** \\  & **(TP)** & **(TN)** & **Solid (TSS)** & **Demand 5 (BOD5)** & **Reference** \\ \hline African Catfish & 5.3 & 13.4 & 468.2 & 39.8 & [15] \\ White Shrimp & 86.8 & 93.73 & 287.06 & 11.0 & [16] \\ Atlantic Salmon & 19.9 & 33.0 & 220.5 & 90.0 & [17] \\ Nile Tilapia & 24.1 & 15.0 & 609.3 & 38.3 & [18] \\ Rainbow Trout & 76.5 & 31.2 & 290.2 & 83.3 & [19] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Average load of nutrient during cultivation of certain firmed fish (kg/tonne of product). Figure 1: Threats resulting from the aquaculture sector towards the environment. of farm biosecurity but also possible disease impacts, both in terms of water utilisation and fertiliser discharge minimisation. The responsibilities of fish meal producers in facilitating the local aquaculture industry toward the development of more sustainable production systems will be of the utmost priority. Open ocean aquaculture has been suggested to meet the expanding worldwide gap between aquaculture supply and demand; yet, the question of whether this potential will be realised remains uncertain. Likely, a variety of technologies, involving appropriately managed wild-catch fisheries, and-based facilities, and the location of farms will be necessary to meet the rising demand for aquaculture [16]. Despite a growing trend among farmers to embrace internationally approved and responsible aquaculture techniques, many major farms continue to employ feeding practices that did not lead to continuing sustainability. Examples include the lack of a tracking system for water quality related to feeding and the lack of feed utilisation indicators [17]. This is a consequence of the lack of organised initiatives for sustainable aquaculture. Hence, the implementation of sustainable farming is solely dependent on the technical help supplied by feed manufacturers plus, the education community of each state. For example, in the shrimp industry, feeding trays have become a popular method for decreasing feed waste and organic matter and nutrient wastes through to the environment [19]. Shrimp aquaculture has had a severe influence on coastal ecosystems due to the destruction of mangroves and the resulting changes in biodiversity such as control erosion, unfavourable water quality, and damaging the breeding sites for aquatic life [16; 21]. Mangraves grow along estuaries and beaches in around 124 states with tropical or subtropical climate [22]. In the 25 years between 1995 and 2020, a total of 36,000 km\({}^{2}\) of mangroves were lost throughout all five continents. These mangroves were deforested for recreation, tourism, infrastructure building, and aquaculture purpose (mainly for shrimp pond). The construction of shrimp ponds necessitates the destruction of mangroves, and past experience has shown that an excessive number of farms clustered along the coast leads to decreased productivity, disease outbreaks, and the failure of the projects. The removal of mangrove for shrimp aquaculture could lead to global warming [23]. Recruitment has been disrupted as breeding sites and nursery zones have been destroyed, and native aquatic species populations have either migrated or killed totally, making it difficult to transition from aquaculture to fishing as a means of survival [24].