## 7 Applications
Three-brominated flame retardants (BFRs) [tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrabromobisphenol A bisallylether (TBBPA-BAE), tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)ether (TBBPA-BDBPE)] were selected as model analytes for the practical evaluation of the two proposed techniques using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Several experimental conditions which mainly affect the extraction process such as the type of fabric phase, extraction time, the amount of salt, and elution conditions were studied and optimized. Both techniques possessed high extraction capability and fast extraction equilibrium as a result of the large sorbent loading capacity and unique stirring performance. High recoveries (90-99%) and low limits of detection (LODs) (0.01-0.05 ug.L\({}^{-1}\)) were achieved using the optimized conditions. The results were promising, and the methods were shown to be practical for monitoring of hazardous pollutants in the water sample, meeting green analytical chemistry requirements, mainly due to low solvent consumption. [PERSON] et al. in 2016 [21] in their study proposed an extraction method based on sorptive fabric phase coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection (FPSE-UHPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of four progestogens and six androgens in environmental and biological samples. These analytes consist two important groups of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) which may have severe harmful impact on aquatic biota, even at very low concentrations. All the experimental parameters involved in the extraction, such as sample volume, extraction and desorption times, desorption solvent volume, and sample pH values have been optimized. Sol-gel PTHF coated FPSE and analyte desorption with methanol proved to show the best results. The developed method showed satisfactory limits of detection (between 1.7 and 264 ng L\({}^{-1}\)), and good recoveries. The applicability of the method was examined by its use of the analysis of tap water, wastewater treated with different processing technologies, and urine samples. The concentrations of the detected hormones ranged from 28.3 to 227.3 ng L\({}^{-1}\) in water samples and from 1.1 to 3.7 ug L\({}^{-1}\) in urine samples. The method showed significant benefits such as minimum usage of organic solvents, short extraction times, small sample volumes, and high analyte preconcentration factors. [PERSON] et al. in 2016 [22] used FPSE for the determination of sulfonamides residues in milk using a highly polar sol-gel PEG coated membrane. The developed HPLC method was validated according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC. Due to the low organic solvent consumption, the FPSE-based method meets all green analytical chemistry (GAC) criteria. The decision limit (CC\({}_{\alpha}\)) values were 116.5 ug kg\({}^{-1}\) for sulfamethazine, 114.4 ug kg\({}^{-1}\) for sulfisoxazole, and 94.7 ug kg\({}^{-1}\) for sulfadinethoxine, whereas the corresponding results for detection capability (CC\({}_{\beta}\)) were 120.4 ug kg\({}^{-1}\) for sulfinethoxine, 118.5 ug kg\({}^{-1}\) for sulfisoxazole, and 104.1 ug kg\({}^{-1}\) for sulfidinethoxine. [PERSON] et al. in 2016 [13] evaluated the application of FPSE for the extraction of benzodiazepines from human blood serum. Benzodiazepines were selected as model analytes because they represent one of the most widely used therapeutic drugs in psychiatry and are also amongst the most frequently encountered drugs in forensic toxicology. FPSE was performed using cellulose fabric extraction media coated with sol-gel PEG. Absolute recovery values in the equilibrium state for the examined benzodiazepines were found to be 27% for bromazepam, 63% for lorazepam, 42% for diazep, and 39% for alrazolam. [PERSON] et al. in 2016 [6] described the use of a new extraction approach based on fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE). This new mode proposes the extraction of the analytes in dynamic mode in order to reduce the extraction time.