## 3 Results
### Postprandial Biochemical and Antioxidant Biomarkers
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Baseline** & \(\Delta^{1}\) 30 min & \(\Delta^{1}\) 1.5 h & \(\Delta^{1}\) 3 h & \(p\) Value & \(p\) Value & \(p\) Value & \(p\) Value & Group \(\times\) \\  & & & & & & & **Effect** & **Time** & **Time** \\ \hline Total cholesterol (mg/dL) & Control & \(165.08\pm 56.98\) & \(16.16\pm 11.43\) & \(-24.33\pm 17.20\) & \(-38.83\pm 27.45\) & _0.613_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.857_ \\ HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) & Control & \(42.16\pm 6.32\) & \(12.50\pm 8.83\) & \(-37.55\pm 2.65\) & \(-26.41\pm 18.67\) & _0.159_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.245_ \\  & Functional & \(45.00\pm 10.47\) & \(28.75\pm 20.32\) & \(-10.66\pm 7.54\) & \(-22.16\pm 15.67\) & _0.159_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.245_ \\ LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) & Control & \(99.71\pm 31.66\) & \(4.25\pm 3.00\) & \(-5.66\pm 4.00\) & \(-11.33\pm 8.01\) & _0.012_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _\(<\)0.001_ \\  & Functional & \(96.70\pm 32.15\) & \(3.16\pm 2.23\) & \(-3.33\pm 2.25\) & \(-7.08\pm 5.00\) & _0.012_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _\(<\)0.001_ \\ Triglycerides (mg/dL) & Control & \(96.41\pm 51.00\) & \(-1.89\pm 1.34\) & \(-9.36\pm 6.62\) & \(-0.99\pm 0.70\) & _0.997_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.589_ \\  & Functional & \(86.58\pm 29.53\) & \(3.35\pm 2.37\) & \(-15.91\pm 11.25\) & \(-25.04\pm 17.70\) & _0.997_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.589_ \\ Glucose (mg/dL) & Control & \(86.63\pm 13.60\) & \(11.66\pm 8.24\) & \(-13.00\pm 9.19\) & \(-12.00\pm 8.40\) & _0.164_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.162_ \\  & Functional & \(89.73\pm 12.83\) & \(84.41\pm 9.55\) & \(-23.08\pm 16.67\) & _0.164_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.162_ \\ Uric acid (mg/dL) & Control & \(4.71\pm 1.38\) & \(0.06\pm 0.04\) & \(-0.35\pm 0.25\) & \(-0.87\pm 0.61\) & _0.238_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.177_ \\  & Functional & \(5.08\pm 1.39\) & \(0.57\pm 0.40\) & \(-0.90\pm 0.63\) & \(-0.51\pm 0.36\) & _0.238_ & _\(<\)0.001_ & _0.177_ \\ Total plasma antioxidant & Control & \(0.17\pm 0.13\) & \(0.08\pm 0.05\) & \(-0.07\pm 0.04\) & \(-0.05\pm 0.04\) & _0.054_ & _0.04_ \\ capacity (TAC) (mmol/L) & Functional & \(0.14\pm 0.10\) & \(0.11\pm 0.80\) & \(-0.02\pm 0.02\) & \(0.05\pm 0.03\) & _0.551_ & _0.118_ & _0.156_ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\)\(\Delta\) denotes the changes in biomarkers at each time point (30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h), from the previous time points measured. \({}^{2}\)\({}^{\star}\) denotes the significance of changes in biomarkers at each time point (30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h), from the previous time point evaluated, within the control group. \({}^{3}\)\({}^{\star}\) denotes the significance of changes in biomarkers at each time point (30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h), from the previous time points evaluated, within the functional group.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Baseline values and postprandial changes of plasma total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid, and plasma TAC of participants. significantly decreased in functional group, compared to control group (Table 3). Furthermore, within-group analysis revealed that the intake of the functional meal, containing the functional refined olive oil, led to a significant reduction of LDL-cholesterol at 1.5 h (\(p\) = 0.01) and at 3 h (\(p\) < 0.001) after the intake of the functional meal, containing the olive oil enhanced with 10% orange peel (Table 4, Figure 2c). On the contrary, no statistically significant changes were detected on LDL-cholesterol levels after receiving the control meal (\(p\) > 0.05, Table 4, Figure 2c). Significant time-dependent decreases were seen, from each time point to endpoint (3 h), in plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides after the meal intake (\(p\) < 0.001), as presented in Figure 2a,b,d. However, the test meal did not significantly affect these concentrations (group effect, \(p\) > 0.05), leading to no significant group \(\times\) time interactions (\(p\) > 0.05) (Table 3). Further analysis detected significant changes in total cholesterol, from 30 min to 1.5 h, until 3 h after both meals (\(p\) < 0.05) (Table 4, Figure 2a).