# Multipath Routing in Wireless Body Area Sensor Network for Healthcare Monitoring
## 2 Literature Review
[10] investigated different hierarchical energy-efficient routing protocols for performance analysis of the various algorithms, such as fuzzy logic-network coding energy-efficient (FL-NC-EE) and energy-efficient clustering protocols, such as LEACH, LEACH-FL, K means-LEACH and FL-EE/D. The parameters considered for the evaluations include throughput, average lifetime, dead nodes per round, alive nodes per round, FND, QND, 10 PND, etc. The authors concluded that the FL-EE-NC protocol outperforms other algorithms and techniques considering metrics of network lifetime and energy consumption efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [11] introduced a method to improve energy consumption in WBAN. The energy consumption problem is addressed by reducing the data size by introducing an effective data compression technique. A modified Huffman method was implemented on medical data that saves 11.8% more energy compared to NIS. Authors in [12] proposed an energy-efficient transmission power control for a wireless body area network dealing with energy losses due to constant transmission power that becomes ineffective due to large temporal changes. The solution works as an energy-efficient adaptive power control algorithm that adaptively adjusts the transmission power based on feedback from the base station. However, energy efficiency is achieved at the cost of the packet loss ratio that affects link reliability in the network. A reliable and energy-efficient cooperative routing algorithm for wireless monitoring systems is proposed in [13]. The proposed algorithm was introduced to guarantee a performance trade-off between reliability and energy efficiency. To limit the amount of energy spent, the algorithm performs actions based on samples. The proposed solution is based on a modified version of the AODV routing algorithm that works in two phases, route discovery and route maintenance. [PERSON] et al. [14] presented an energy-efficient region-based routing protocol for low-power lossy networks (RPL). The proposed energy-efficient and self-region-based RPL reduces energy consumption while propagating the whole network to discover a reliable P2P route. The proposed solution achieves energy-efficient data delivery without compromising link reliability. The proposed scheme uses only a subset of nodes instead of all nodes required for route discovery. A cooperative transmission strategy for body-area networks (BANs) in HMS is presented in [15] that offers energy saving via applying cooperative communication. Two strategies were devised, namely, direct and relay communication. In the direct cooperativestrategy, two wearable devices (sensors) operate as cooperative multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) while in the relay cooperative strategy, implantable and wearable devices work together by using MIMO and these save energy during data transmission in BANs. Routing protocols such as RPL takes either energy or reliability metric into account. [PERSON] et al. [16] presented an energy-efficient oriented routing algorithm in WSNs that is based on the rank (approximating the node's distance) and the objective function (how RPL selects and optimizes routes). It improves the RPL routing protocol by counting the expected transmission count (ETX) and remaining energy metrics. The link qualities are considered in ETX such as latency and packet loss that may significantly influence network connectivity. Authors in [17] have proposed medium access control for WBAN with QoS provisioning and energy-efficient design. The proposed solution works in the area of tracking and maintenance of WBAN for the quality of services, such as delivery probability and latency. The proposed solution works as a MAC protocol that ensures energy efficiency in WBAN. It works as a dynamic TDMA-based protocol where the slots are allocated on the bases of channel status and application context. The solution tackles some major issues, such as collision control, idle listening, and overheating, that cause excessive use of energy resources.