## 1 Introduction  
Since ancient times, the conventional treatment of diseases and the modulation of pain has been associated with natural product supplementation. The paleontological studies suggest that the use of plants as medicines can be traced back at least 60,000 years [1].  
The molecular complexity distinguishes the natural compounds for the mechanisms of action and versatility of application. Therefore, they can aid in developing today's new drugs, as well as dietary supplements, which are designed to ease pathological chronic cases such as chronic kidney disease [2], osteoarthritis [3], diabetes, inflammatory bowel, Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease [4]. Currently, careful attention is paid to natural compounds with wide-ranging mechanisms of action. Belonging to these classes, propolis and _Echinacea_ are in the spotlight. Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected from flowers and leaves by _Apis mellifera_ L. and exploited as a bioproduct to be used as a glue for bebitives [5]. The chemical composition of propolis is associated with the geographical region of origin; however, the known components are grouped into chemical classes such as terpenoids, alcohols, esters, aromatic acids and volatile oils [6]. The therapeutic importance of propolis is based on its versatile effects. The antibacterial activity causes physical alterations of the bacterial cell membrane, the deformation and leakage of cell components, as well as the downregulation of biofilm-associated genes [7]. Widespread attention has been received for the anticancer properties, mainly directed to altering cell apoptosis and reducing the chronic inflammatory disorders [6]. Furthermore, antiviral activity, but also anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, have been recognized [8].  
Just as important as propolisis is _Echinacea purpurea_ ([PERSON]. The genus _Echinacea_ belongs to the Asteraceae family, consisting of 11 taxa of herbaceous and perennial flowering plants [9]. It is a medicinal herb native to North America and, nowadays, its use is increasing exponentially, especially as a crude drug. The health properties include antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities, but also cells' proliferative effects, traditionally associated with wound healing [10]. The presence of a polysaccharide fraction (echinacin B) by producing a hyaluronic acid-polysaccharide complex would stimulate wound healing, leading to the inhibition of hyaluronidase and promoting the fibroblasts' growth [9]. Moreover, the stimulation of monocytes and natural killer cells would induce the first line of immune defense in the body against infections [9]. Available literature provides a complete picture of propolisis and _E. purpurea_ properties as diet supplementation, but there is a lack of knowledge on the pair's combination. Hence, in this work, for the first time, the hydroalcoholic solution of _Echinacea purpurea_ (L.) Moench. and propolisis (EAP), from the Trentino-Alto Adige region of Italy, was chemically characterized by SPME-GC-MS to describe the volatile fraction and by GC-MS of the derivative extract to detect the non-volatile organic molecules characterizing the solution. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effectiveness was evaluated in terms of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, growth inhibition over time (monitoring the TKK) and the influence on swimming and swarming motility. The antimicrobial analyses were performed on a heterogeneous set of clinical, environmental, food and type strains.