# Energy-Aware Next-Generation Mobile Routing Chains with Fog Computing for Emerging Applications
## 1 Introduction  
A new paradigm called the IoT intends to connect all intelligent physical objects so that they can work together to offer intelligent services to users. Smart cities, smart grids, smart hospitals, and other IoT applications are some emerging applications of IoT systems [1, 2, 3]. IoT systems are built with a variety of hardware and networking technologies, extracting massive volumes of data [4, 5, 6]. IoT uses wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to sense the environment, gather data, and transfer it to the base station and other places for analysis. Intelligent routing is a key phenomenon that is required in WSNs for IoT to improve the quality of various smart applications [7, 8, 9]. WSNs must be mobile rather than static for many real-time applications, including smart transportation systems, habitat monitoring, and underwater monitoring. The development of mobile networks has gained rapid popularity in recent decades due to the unpredictable nature of communication devices [10, 11, 12].  
Furthermore, mobile systems are capable of increasing the coverage range for data sensing and information transmission; however, because of the frequent changes in thelocations of the devices, most of the solutions are not able to tackle route discontinuity and data losses [13; 14; 15]. Thus, researchers are trying to propose energy-efficient and consistent route maintenance methods for increasing delivery performance with the support of heterogeneous and distributed services [16; 17; 18]. On the other hand, in IoT networks, especially for mobile communication, security is another demanding research challenge. It not only affects the system performance but also decreases the trustworthiness among remote devices [19; 20; 21]. IoT systems have been extensively researched in recent years to handle remote sensing with the aid of sensors, but most of the solutions are unreliable in the case of mobile devices, and frequently lead to data breaches. Moreover, routing holes are increasing, which eventually raises the packet drop ratio. Thus, our study proposes an energy-efficient next-generation mobile routing with the combination of fog nodes. The proposed work not only reduces the latency for receiving data but also places the least overhead on the devices with low restrictions. We also offer trusted communication with secured authentication schemes, and ultimately increase the nodes' reliability in a distributed environment. The major objectives of the proposed model are as follows. The following are the primary contributions made in this work.  
1. Developed a reliable and load-balanced routing protocol for mobile devices using analysis of QoS parameters by exploring lightweight methods.
2. The overburden routes are excluded from routing chains and only optimal end-to-end communication is attained with the integration of fog computing.
3. Using a lightweight authentication scheme, the proposed algorithm achieves security in terms of device verification, link confidentiality, and replay attacks. Such communication ensures trust in an unpredictable environment with efficient computing strategies.
4. Using simulations, the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of numerous performance parameters in the comparison of existing work.  
The following sections comprise the remainder of this research article. Section 2 presents a discussion of existing studies. The proposed algorithm is described in Section 3. The findings of the experiment are covered in Section 4. Section 5 provides the conclusion and outlines future research.