## 3 Results and Discussion
### Other Substances
#### 3.1.6 Other Variables  
The following section provides brief reviews of other studies related to variables that may influence the goodness of the outcomes of the WAT, as well as the power data results obtained:  
* Performing the WAT in a seated or standing position: [PERSON] et al. [95] studied the performance of three seated and standing WAT on 35 subjects. There were no significant differences in power levels in the first tests performed while seated or standing. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [96] studied the influence of the subject's position on the bike (seated and standing) during three consecutive WAT, and found no significant differences between the two positions in seven elite skaters. [PERSON] et al., conversely, recorded improvements of 8% when the subjects performed the standing test [97]. It is likely that additional energy from the upper body can be transferred from the hip, which might explain these increases;
* Regarding the effect of the use of oval plates in the WAT, [PERSON] et al. [98] found no difference in the case study they conducted, while [PERSON] et al. [99] did not find improvements in the power levels reached in the WAT in 15 high-level cyclists;
* The effect that altitude has on the performance of the WAT seems to mainly affect its aerobic component, insofar as [PERSON] et al. [100] compared the power levels obtained in the WAT performed by young people acclimatised to altitude (3700 m) and others living practically at sea level (330 m). In doing so, they did not record any significant differences in PP but did record them in MP. [PERSON] et al. [101], in contrast, carried out a study on 15 subjects who were given two WAT, with and without hypoxia, and did not record any decrease in test power. Lastly, [PERSON] et al. [102] compared the effect of hypoxia in the test on elite football players, finding no significant differences in terms of power;
* Neither [PERSON] [10] nor [PERSON] et al. [103] found any significant improvement in test scores due to verbal motivation during a test conducted on young and elite female athletes, respectively. However, [PERSON] et al. [104] recorded improvements in the WAT MP of 12 active individuals;
* [PERSON] et al. [105] researched the performance of the test with or without toe stirrups. After analysing 50 university students, they concluded that the use of cleats during the test improves all test scores (more than 10%); \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Gene** & **Effect on WAT Performance** & **Alleles Related to Positive Effect** \\ \hline ACTN3 & Positive/Negative & RR \\ AMPD1 & Positive & \\ PPAR & Positive & CC \\ MCT1 T1470A & Positive & TT y AA \\ UCP2 & Positive & Ala55 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Performance-related genes in the WAT. Own elaboration. The effects of the length of the connecting rod in the WAT were studied by [PERSON] et al. Although the length of the connecting rod did modify cadences during the test, it failed to modify power levels [106];
* As far as the time of day is concerned, in an initial study, twelve subjects carried out the WAT on 12 different occasions (duplicated measurements at 02:00, 06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00), recording no significant differences with regard to PP and MP [107]. For their part, [PERSON] et al. [108] analysed an increase in PP and FI in the comparison made between a WAT at 6:00 or 18:00 in 20 active subjects. [PERSON] et al. [109] also achieved improvements in PP in the test carried out at 17:00 compared to one at 7:00, in 22 active males. [PERSON] et al. [110] recorded improvements in PP and MP of the tests, taken by 12 physical education students, at 18:00 compared to those taken at 8:00. Lastly, [PERSON] et al. [111], as in previous research, recorded higher power data in PP and MP in the tests carried out in the afternoon (7:00 vs. 17:00);
* [PERSON] et al.