# NextGen ADS-B Software-Defined Reception with Enhanced Techniques
## 7 Conclusions  
This paper investigates the end-to-end steps of ADS-B reception methods and challenges and offers a possible solution in each stage. On the one hand, it proposed slow attack gain control to enhance SNR and mitigate quantization error. Thus, the received ADS-B low-level and high-level signal strength maps to the specific range which is quite suitable for the digital domain to do further processing. On the other hand, in the digital domain, the enhanced pulse detection algorithm is deployed to detect pulses and to prevent earlier preamble circumstances. The result proves that the preamble detection accuracy of signals above \(-86\) dBm is \(100\) percent. Besides, the enhanced bit detection algorithm is used to score bit confidence for detecting bits and applying error correction in case of any CRC error. According to conducted test results, the PER and BER of the multiple-sampling technique are below \(10\) percent for received signals' power above \(-82\) dBm. Finally, the system is capable to decode received messages and displaying them in proper format which is quite informative and user-friendly.  
Apart from the real-time processing, the logs of decoded messages are used for post-analysis of system performance. Although it is not possible to illustrate all analysis results in this paper, providing samples of results including validation of sample aircraft information like position and velocity elements, and comparing the results with valid resources prove that the system has promising performance in the working environment. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the system is capable to receive and decode ADS-B signals in long-distance range. Besides, the system experienced ADS-B high traffic load during the flight test, and the system is competent to detect and capable to capture a high load of ADS-B traffic which signifies that the system has higher capacity in real-time operation and robustness to ADS-B signal overlapping phenomenon. Overall, the system performance is quite promising.  
Despite the designed receiver showing satisfactory results for both in-lab and in-flight, multiple antennas can be utilized to acquire the ADS-B signals from different directions for further improvement (sensitivity and robustness). The system can get the benefit of diversity gain to enhance mentioned key requirements. It is also feasible to be implemented by BladeRF since it has an inbuilt MIMO 2 \(\times\) 2 feature. For more than two antennas, it is vital to take advantage of more SDRs with the same center frequencies for collecting the ADS-B data simultaneously. It is well worth applying an antenna array for ADS-B receivers in the ground-based station, however, it is not feasible to apply this method for aircraft due to antenna installation limitations. Nonetheless, the receiver is designed and examined in the lab and operational environment to detect preamble pluses, bit detection, and error detection and correction. Even though Montreal's air traffic load is high, performing the extra experimental tests in a highly congested air-traffic region and validating its performance will bring additional credits in terms of higher load handling as well as ADS-B signal overlapping robustness.  
Writing--original draft, J.H.M.; Writing--review & editing, A.A. and R.J.L.; Project administration, J.-M.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by industry partners.  
Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.  
**Acknowledgments:** I sincerely would like to thank my supervisor, [PERSON], who provided all the necessary resources and equipment to complete this research. I also wish to appreciate [PERSON], a senior researcher at LASESNA, for his inspiration and support.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.