# Mathematical Models for Named Data Networking Producer Mobility Techniques: A Review
## 1 Introduction
The concept of producer mobility assumes significance within the NDN framework due to its profound impact on the adaptability and operational efficiency of the network. Producer mobility refers to the capability of content creators to dynamically change their location within the network, thereby influencing the manner in which consumers access and retrieve content. This attribute becomes particularly crucial in scenarios where producers are not tethered to fixed locations, a common occurrence in contemporary dynamic and distributed computing environments. In modern applications and services, content is often generated dynamically in response to user demands or system triggers [9]. Producer mobility approaches guarantee customers can easily access the latest and most relevant material, regardless of the producer's moving location. Furthermore, NDN is specifically built to accommodate growing numbers of users and producers without issues efficiently. Producer mobility strategies are essential for optimizing resource use, guaranteeing the network's responsiveness and efficiency even during high usage [10]. Unanticipated occurrences, such as hardware malfunctions or network divisions, might arise in dynamic networking settings. Therefore, producer mobility strategies enhance the robustness of the NDN architecture by allowing producers to move to less crowded or healthier areas of the network [11]. This minimizes service disruptions and improves fault tolerance. Other than that, NDN can improve content delivery and enhance service quality by enabling adequate producer mobility [12]. Producers can strategically position themselves to minimize the delay, enhance data transmission efficiency, and guarantee prompt and user-friendly information retrieval. NDN mobility refers to extending the NDN architecture, facilitating efficient and uninterrupted communication inside mobile and wireless contexts. Despite being specifically built to prioritize mobility, the NDN framework encounters many obstacles that necessitate resolution to offer comprehensive support for mobile devices and users within its network. Some of the issues that arise in this context pertain to the effective management of smooth handoffs [13], modifying routing and forwarding decisions to accommodate dynamic changes in device locations [14], addressing security measures (such as the management of cryptographic keys and the revocation of digital certificates [15]), adapting to constrained resources (such as low processing power and battery capacity [16]), and addressing limited interoperability between different NDN implementations [17]. Notwithstanding these issues, NDN continues to hold promise as a viable option for content-centric networking and mobility. However, it requires substantial technical enhancements to facilitate mobility inside its network effectively. Much research has been conducted on NDN using name resolution services, rendezvous servers, resolution managers, anchor approaches, and anchorless techniques. Continuously querying interest prefixes and updating the most recent information for direct consumer submission is being carried out for the rendezvous [18]. Note that the anchor-based [19] technique possesses functionality comparable to a rendezvous. This approach involves the monitoring and updating of information within each rendezvous node. Nevertheless, a notable distinction is that this technique will select anchor nodes from a pool of many rendezvous options. The last technique is anchorless [20], which enhances the process of directing network traffic between different locations of producer and rendezvous servers. Each technique possesses its own set of pros and cons. Certain factors can lead to increased latency during the submission of interest, while others can result in excessive processing time due to the calculation of longer routing paths for forwarding. Given the circumstances, it is advantageous to perform a detailed study of the current state of these various procedures.