## 1 Introduction  
Numerous chronic disorders, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, several malignancies, and possibly some neurological diseases, are influenced by diet, which is frequently viewed as a lifestyle component. Plants are the primary source of natural medications utilized in traditional therapeutic modalities [1]. Nearly 72,000 blooming plants, or roughly 17% of the 422,000 total, have been found to have therapeutic benefits according to current research undertaken globally. Nearly 8000 plant species were methodically categorized by [PERSON] (1707-1778) in the 18 th century, and this categorization not only aided naturalists' research but also that of pharmaceutical chemists. The long-standing connection between people and plants gave rise to the field of ethnobotany, which conducts rigorous research that is now accepted by all of humanity [2]. Through trial and error over the course of time, man has progressively learned to use plants as sources of food and medicine, and he has developed the capacity to meet his requirements locally. As a result of scientific and technical advancements, these plants are being used more and more effectively. Medicinal plants play a significant role in the delivery of primary healthcare in many regions of the world, particularly in their use as crucial sources of pharmaceutical and therapeutic products. Approximately 80% of the world's population relies on natural products for primary healthcare. For instance, curcu-ma may act as a preventative in people at risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by enhancing serum lipid levels and may be used as a secure dietary supplement in conjunction with traditional medications [3]. One of the most significant and flexible facets of human health is diet. Since over- and under-nutrition have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, nutritional interventions are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality through dietary adjustments. [4]. With an increase in research directly relating food and health, phenolic-rich vegetables and fruits have emerged as possibly health-beneficial. Plants have long been regarded to be the source of health promotion because of their high fiber and phenolic content, as well as their important biological potential [4; 5]. In South and Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, _Garcinia mangostana_ (GM) (Guttferae family) is commonly available. Mangosteen is its indigenous name. For its sweetness and juiciness, as well as its significance in increasing one's health, GM is referred to as \"the queen of fruits\" in many circles. They are white, soft, and juicy with a sweet, slightly acidic taste and have a kernel inside [6; 7]. Mangosteens are often recognized as one of the most detectable fruits due to its lovely aroma [7]. Southeast Asia has long utilized mangosteen's pericarp and the entire fruit to treat a number of diseases, including fever, cholera, mycosis, skin infections, diarrhea, dysentery, and dysentery. There are several therapeutic uses for the fruits. [8]. The GM has possible biological properties without causing significant negative effects [8]. It increases the immune system and reduces metabolic syndromes (MS) and its associated diseases, respectively [9]. By lowering oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, managing and controlling obesity and diabetes, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, and exhibiting anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-malarial properties, the active ingredient in GMs, xanthone, was found to have health-promoting effects [10]. Curcuma is a herbaceous perennial plant that can grow to be 1 m tall. It produces a large number of tasty rhizomes with yellow or orange interiors. These rhizomes are ground into a powder to make a curcuma rhizome extract (CRE) spice. Proteins, carbohydrates, and resins make up the remaining elements. The most extensive studies have focused on curcuma's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, antiviral, and anti-infectious qualities.