## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Effect of CNT Types and CNT Concentrations on Suspension Polymerization of Styrene and nBA  
First, the effect of the four types of CNTs (nonmodified multiwalled CNT (CNT-A), nonmodified short chain CNT (CNT-B), modified CNT with NH\({}_{2}\) (CNT-C), and modified CNT with boron (CNT-D)) on the suspension polymerization of styrene and nBA was examined. The findings showed that the maximum conversion of monomers and the largest particle size were both achieved when CNT-D was used, as shown in Table 6.  
CNTs modified with amino groups have been shown to have enhanced compatibility with polar polymers because of hydrogen bonding, and CNTs modified with boron can have improved electrical properties through the introduction of a p-type doping effect. The existing literature shows that the interaction of boron and nitrogen atoms with hydrogen atoms and the increased surface area and defective sub-structures within the structure due to the modification plays a vital role in the increase in hydrogen adsorption [25]. The active species for hydrogen adsorption thus appear to be structural defect points formed on the surface due to the increased surface area following modification. The functional groups on the CNT surface are more likely to interact with primary or propagating radicals, leading to retarding/inhibiting effects, which can be used to explain this finding [26]. When peroxy compounds are used as initiators, the main radicals interact with the CNTs, and the CNTs can thus cause the peroxy initiator to decompose, even at low temperatures. Undoubtedly, an oxidation process is taking place in this interaction, and strong oxidizing substances, such as peroxy species, cause the CNT surfaces to oxidize. An increase in functionalities also increases the inhibitory impact when the surface functional groups of the CNTs are taken into account. To determine whether this finding is valid for all concentrations, an assessment was made of the impact of different CNT concentrations on the conversion and polymerized particle size for all four CNT types, the results of which are listed in Table 7.  
These results show that using modified CNTs in suspension polymerization can significantly affect how well monomers convert and the size of the polymer particles produced. Specifically, using a modified CNT treated with boron was found to significantly impact the process, producing the highest conversion rate and largest particle size. This is consistent with previous research that showed that modifying CNTs can influence the properties of the polymers produced using different polymerization methods [27]. [PERSON] et al. [27], for example, found that functionalized CNTs (CNT-OH or CNT-COOH) were more homogeneously dispersed in a styrene-acrylic matrix and produced stronger interfacial adhesion with styrene-acrylic macromolecules, with the neat styrene-acrylic solid content reaching 42.80% and the monomer conversion rate reaching 96.20%. [PERSON] et al. [28], meanwhile, reported that modifying CNTs with carboxyl groups improved their dispersion in a polymer \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Samples**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**DLS Measurements**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Conversions**} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{4-4}  & **Z-Average** & & **PDI** \\ \hline CNT-A & 625 & 0.6 & 9\% \\ CNT-B & 172 & 0.11 & 47\% \\ CNT-C & 195 & 0.159 & 58\% \\ CNT-D & 5715 & 0.35 & 96\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: The effects of CNT types (CNT concentrations are constant at 0.5%) on suspension polymerization of St and nBA. matrix, leading to enhanced mechanical properties in the resulting composite. Comparing these results with functionalized CNT-reinforced composites, they found that a higher aspect ratio was essential for improving strength [27; 28]. [PERSON] et al. [29] determined that modifying CNTs with different functional groups can significantly affect their properties and, consequently, their interactions with polymers.