# Metabolic Potential of Halophilic Filamentous Fungi--Current Perspective
## 5 Biomolecules Produced by Halophilic Fungi
### Fungal Halophilic Enzymes
#### 5.1.1 Hydrolases  
Halophilic hydrolases are one of the most commonly isolated enzymes from halophilic microorganisms, because of their potential use in biotechnological processes, requiring high stability and activity in the presence of organic solvents or at high salt concentrations [51; 60]. Halophilic fungi are well known producers of amylases, lipases, cellulases, proteases, xylanases, pectinases, and others [42; 69]. Those enzymes have industrial applications in various sectors such as biofuel production, bioremediation, food, cosmetics, detergent, and pharmaceutical processes [39; 70; 71; 72]. Hydrolases obtained from fungi isolated from the saline environments are shown in Table 1.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Organism**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Enzyme**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Salinity Growth Conditions with**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**References**} \\  & & & **Activity** & \\ \hline _Aspergillus tubingensis_ GR1 & \(\beta\)-galactosidasease & 1.2 M NaCl & [40] \\ \hline _Aspergillus flavus_ & Cellulase & & \\ \hline _Aspergillus gracilis_ & Amylase, lipase, xylanase & & \\ \hline _Aspergillus penicillinoides_ & Amylase, xylanase & 2.5 M NaCl & [39] \\ \hline _Aspergillus restrictus_ & Cellulase, lipase, protease & & \\ \hline _Sterigmatomyces halophilus_ & Lipase & & \\ \hline _Aureobasidium pullulans_ & Protease & Seawater & [73] \\ \hline _Scopulariopsis breviculis_ LMK002 & & & \\ \hline _Scopulariopsis candida_ LMK004 & Endomannanase & & \\ \hline _Scopulariopsis candida_ LMK008 & & 1.7 M NaCl & [72] \\ \hline _Verticillium dahliae_ LMK006 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Endomannanase, \\ endovascularase, cellulase \\ \end{tabular} & & \\ \hline _Aspergillus sydowii_ BTMF5 55 & \(\beta\)-glucosidasease & 0.17 M NaCl & [74] \\ \hline _Halosarpheia fibrosa_ CY685 & Cellulase, xylanase & & \\ \hline _Savoryella longispora_ CY479 & & 50\% (\(\
icefrac{{v}}{{v}}\)) artificial seawater & [75] \\ \hline _Halroosellinia oceanica_ CY325 & Endoglucanase, cellulose, xylanase & & \\ \hline _Hyproxylon_ sp. CY326 & & & \\ \hline _Asccratera manglicola_ 9174 & & & \\ \hline _Astrosphaeriella stratispora_ 7651 & & & \\ \hline _Cryptovalsa hulosarcicola_ 9142 & Cellulase, xylanase & 1.5\% (\(\
icefrac{{v}}{{v}}\)) marine salts & [76] \\ \hline _Linocarapon bipolaris_ 5790 & & & \\ \hline _Rhizophila marina_ 9143 & & & \\ \hline _Penicillium_ sp. K 1-7 & & & \\ \hline _Penicillium_ sp. K 3-17 & & & \\ \hline _Penicillium_ sp. K-5 & & & \\ \hline _Aspergillus_ sp. Av 10 & & 0.5 M to 4.0 M NaCl & [77] \\ \hline _Aspergillus_ sp. Sh 86 & & & \\ \hline _Aspergillus niger_ G 2-11 & Xylanase, pectinase & & \\ \hline _Aspergillus niger_ S 87 & & & \\ \hline _Aspergillus niger_ K6-11 & & & \\ \hline _Aspergillus penicillin pencillilloides_ TISTR3639 & \(\alpha\)-amylase & 1.7 M NaCl & [78] \\ \hline _Aspergillus gracilis_ TISTR 3638 & \(\alpha\)-amylase & 1.7 M NaCl & [79] \\ \hline _Aspergillus sydowii_ EXF-12860 & & 1.0 M NaCl & [71] \\ \hline _Aspergillus destruens_ EXF-10411 & & 1.9 M NaCl & [80] \\ \hline _Chaetomium indicum_ & \(\beta\)-1,3-Glucanase & 0.2 M NaCl & [80] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Hydrolases produced by halophilic filamentous fungi.