# Analysis of Disinfection in Greenhouse Soils with Medium-Temperature Steam Produced by Solar Energy
## 3 Results  
### Working Steam Production System  
A 2 m-long parabolic cylindrical concentrator (PCC) was used, developed by our work team, and electronic and mechanical adaptations were made to it so that the disinfection process could be carried out on the test agricultural soil. (a) Initial PCC Connection Tests  
The tests with the steam emission produced by the PCC (Figure 1) that were applied for disinfection were carried out in a time interval between 8:37 a.m. until 2:00 p.m. GMT-5 (CDMX) in daylight saving time. Since the time of the location where the PCC was located after 2 p.m, the shade of the greenhouse was projected on it and the process was no longer efficient. On the other hand, for safety reasons, the tests only had a range of a maximum of 80 psi, as the safety valve indicated a maximum pressure of 100 psi; since the method does not need a pressure higher than 100 psi, the pressure considered is adequate. Several tests were carried out with different vaporization times (Tables 1-6) using a pipe with a single vertical tube with four outlet holes, and the system had thermal insulation. The soil used for the tests was cucumber (_Cucumis sativus_ L.) and saladette tomato (_Solamun lycopersicum_) control soil. Two 5 kg pots were used for each control soil [45; 46]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Trial**} & **Start Time** & **End Time** & **Warm Up** & **Pressure** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Steam Output** Time (s)**} \\  & **(hh:mm)** & **(hh:mm)** & **Time (min)** & **Reached** & **Time (s)** \\ \hline
1 & 10:14 & 10:45 & 31 & 115 & 85 \\
2 & 10:49 & 11:02 & 13 & 115 & 108 \\
3 & 11:04 & 11:32 & 28 & 115 & 106 \\
4 & 11:55 & 12:25 & 30 & 115 & 100 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Test Conditions #6. Maximum temperature—22 \({}^{\circ}\)C and minimum—10 \({}^{\circ}\)C. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Trial**} & **Start Time** & **End Time** & **Warm Up** & **Pressure** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Steam Output** Time (s)**} \\  & **(hh:mm)** & **(hh:mm)** & **Time (min)** & **Reached** & **Time (s)** \\ \hline
1 & 10:07 & 10:23 & 16 & 95 & 160 \\
2 & 10:36 & 11:08 & 32 & 105 & 98 \\
3 & 11:13 & 11:40 & 27 & 110 & 118 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Test Conditions #2. Maximum temperature—22 \({}^{\circ}\)C and minimum—11 \({}^{\circ}\)C. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Trial**} & **Start Time** & **End Time** & **Warm Up** & **Pressure** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Steam Output** Time (s)**} \\  & **(hh:mm)** & **(hh:mm)** & **Time (min)** & **Reached** & **Time (s)** \\ \hline
1 & 10:37 & 8:53 & 16 & 115 & 68 \\
2 & 08:57 & 09:22 & 25 & 115 & 120 \\
3 & 09:26 & 09:53 & 27 & 115 & 130 \\
4 & 09:58 & 10:30 & 32 & 115 & 125 \\
5 & 10:35 & 10:59 & 24 & 115 & 120 \\
6 & 11:02 & 11:17 & 15 & 115 & 90 \\
7 & 11:21 & 11:42 & 21 & 115 & 113 \\
8 & 11:45 & 12:13 & 28 & 115 & 93 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Test Conditions #3. Maximum temperature—24 \({}^{\circ}\)C and minimum—11 \({}^{\circ}\)C. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Trial**} & **Start Time** & **End Time** & **Warm Up** & **Pressure** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Steam Output** Time (s)**} \\  & **(hh:mm)** & **(hh:mm)** & **Time (min)** & **Reached** & **Time (s)** \\ \hline
1 & 10:30 & 10:59 & 29 & 120 & 79 \\
2 & 11:02 & 11:27 & 25 & 120 & 95 \\
3 & 11:31 & 11:48 & 17 & 120 & 123 \\
4 & 11:52 & 12:24 & 32 & 120 & 68 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Test Conditions #5. Maximum temperature—22 \({}^{\circ}\)C and minimum—10 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
2021 (Tables 1-6), with a total of 26 tests carried out, from which the following data were collected: the start time, end time, steam outlet time and pressure reached.