# Road to Efficiency: V2V Enabled Intelligent Transportation System
## 4 V2V Communication Architectures  
Technology is increasing as the economy grows, and development in technology also increases. Transport has developed significantly through factors such as downtown business and globalized transport, which have led to congestion, pollution, and frequent traffic accidents. They pose a security threat to the car user and the pedestrian, who may be a mishap victim. However, the novel innovation of connected vehicle systems has been carefully developed and analyzed over the years and is on the edge of commercial production due to continuous technological innovation. As we observe in modern capital cities, we have sought to make technology a way of probing traffic to improve the transport system and provide a faster, more efficient means of transport [38]. Hence, with proper road networking and the setting up of smart traffic signals, high traffic problems due to the number of vehicles are minor concerns. Current car models are capable of real-time V2V data sharing, incorporating various forms of entertainment and information, security, traffic management, driving, and even smart cities' functionalities [39]. Moreover, the Ethernet standard of IEEE 802.11p [40] is used for VANETs, especially for ITSs. It is particularly suitable for wireless access in vehicular environments [41]. The standard operates in the 5.9 GHz band, built for V2V and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) applications [42]. The most important reference is IEEE 802.11p, which can build low-latency and high-speed data links critical for real-time services such as collision avoidance and synchronized traffic control signals. The fact that it is possible to quickly create a communication channel with the help of the protocol that excludes numerous handshakings can be critical in such high-speed contexts as vehicles [43]. Furthermore, IEEE 802.11p introduces QoS characteristics that allow settings to give a higher priority to safety messages than comparatively less important data [44]. However, Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRCs) are a group of protocols and standards that build on the capabilities of IEEE 802.11p for vehicular communication [45]. DSRC works at a similar 5.9 GHz and contains further protection, dependability, and compatibility advancements. It is intended to work in safety- and non-safety-related cases, such as electronic fee collection, traffic control, and information processing. Safe transfer of messages is addressed in DSRC protocols so that communications, including vehicles and infrastructure, are safe from threats and vandalism [46]. Furthermore, channelization in DSRC enables efficient use of the frequency spectrum, allowing simultaneous communications without any hindrance. Because of its high design capacity and ability to support low latency and high reliability in communication, DSRC is considered one of the most critical technologies in modern ITSs [45]. These protocols are essential for developingsmart transportation, which would necessitate the basic implementation of V2V and V2I to improve road safety, reduce traffic density, and increase productivity [35]. In the general communication pattern, Figure 1 depicts direct correspondence between On-Board Units (OBUs) installed on general vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs) fixed alongside the roads, which form general communication abilities and assist the roadside infrastructure. It oversees the flow of work and operations while managing all traffic to and from the central control and administrative points. The reduced hyper architecture presented below provides a probable solution to explicate V2V communication architecture concerning how the components inter-relate in improving secure and efficient transport. This involves critically presenting the most significant V2V architectures crucial to real-life applications. We explain how these architectures have evolved and how they contribute to improved V2V communication.