# Research Progress in the Early Warning of Chicken Diseases by Monitoring Clinical Symptoms
## 4 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Diseases** & **Causative Agent** & **Severity** & **Signs/Symptoms** \\ \hline Newcastle disease & _Family:_ & & **Respiratory signs** \\ \hline Newcastle disease & _Param:covoriidae_ & Mortality can be up & Gasping and coughing, copious mucoid discharge, edema of tissue around eyes, throat and face, cyanosis of comb and wattiles. \\ \hline  & _Param:covoriidae_ & & **Nervous signs** \\  & _Param:covoriidae_ & & Conviulsions, torticollis, opisthotnous, drooping of wings, paralysis of legs and wings, enteric signs and greenish diarrhea are frequently seen. \\ \hline Avian influenza & _Orthomyzcovoriidae_ & Mortality can be up to 60\% & Pronounced depression and \(\downarrow\) feed consumption, huddling and ruffled feathers, mild to severe respiratory signs: coughing, sneezing, rales and excessive lacimation, subcutaneous edema of head and face which may extend to neck and breast, cyanosis of wattles, comb and unfathered skin, areas of diffuse hemorrhage on shanks, nervous disorders, i.e., convulsions, ataxia, mucoid diarrhea (white). \\ \hline Infectious bursal disease & _Family:_ & & Sudden onset and short duration, the tendency for some birds to pick at their own vents, whitish, watery mucoid diarrhea followed by dehydration, soil vent feathers, anorexia, severe depression and ruffled feathers, trembling, incoordination, prostatectomy and finally death. \\ \hline [PERSON]’s disease & _[PERSON]’s disease virus_ & Mortality can be up to 100\% & Asymmetric progressive parasis. Later complete paralysis of one or more of the extremities. Signs vary from bird to bird as anyone or several nerves may be affected by incoordination and lameness. Bird stretches one leg forward and other backward as a result of paralysis of the leg. Drooping of the limb in case of using involvement. Dilation of crop and gasping if vagal paralysis. If nerves controlling neck muscles are affected, the head may be held low. \\ \hline Fowl vox & _Fowl vox virus_ & & **Cutaneous form (Dry Fox)** \\ \cline{2-3}  & _Family (Poxviridae)_ & Mortality rate is 1-5\% & White or opaque eruptions in the mouth, rares, pharynx, esophagus, larynx and trachea, aseos white patches coalesce and expand rapidly and become ulcerated. Mucous membranes undergo an extensive fibrin-recortic process and develop diphtheric membrane. Dyspnea, gasping and suffocation due to caseous material in the larynx. Death occurs due to suffocation. \\ \hline Coccoidosis & _Emeria accrulina,_ & & **Cecoidosis can be divided into 2 groups** \\  & _Emeria incratix,_ & & **Cecal cecoidosis**: Mainly caused by _E. tentala_ in chickens up to 12 weeks old. Mortality may run as high as 50\%. Infected birds are listless, have bloody droppings and a pale comb and show a lack of appetite. Laboratory examination will show hemorrhages in the eocal wall. After severe bleeding, a core will be formed in the lumen. \\  & _Emeria Tentala,_ & Mortality can be up to 50\% & Mortality can be up to 50\% & **Small intestinal cocoidosis**: Caused by _E. accrulina, E. bruruetti, E. maxim, E. nucatrix, E. nucatrix, E. nucatrix, E. nucatrix, E. nucatrix and E. nucatrix, but in some cases, considerable mortality may be seen. Birds infected show loss of weight, combs may be shriveled and a drop or even cessation of egg production in layers may be seen. \\ \hline Pullorum disease & _Salmonella pullorum Family:_ & & \
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} & The incubation period is 4–5 days. Large numbers of dead in-shell chicks or chicks die shortly after hatching. Loss of appetite and huddling together. \\  & _Familiar:_ & & \\ _Enterbroderiaceae_ & &
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} & Sagging of wings and distorted body appearance, pot-belled, chally white exercate (white diarrhea), vent pasting, labored breathing or gasping. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: The clinical signs/symptoms and corresponding management measures of common chicken diseases [94,95].