# A Network Analysis-Based Approach for As-Built BIM Generation and Inspection
## 5 Conclusions and Future Work  
This research aims to develop a network analysis-based solution for as-built BIM inspection, contributing to the advancement of BIM-enabled systems in the building and construction (B&C) industry. Initially, global analysis and node matching were conducted using a practical dataset of four-room residential apartments in Singapore. Network analysis offers a fresh perspective for understanding as-built BIM models and provides a promising approach for future model comparisons. By analysing these networks comprehensively, key patterns and relationships within the data can be identified, which are crucial for optimising design, construction, and maintenance processes. The detailed assessment of network parameters and community structures enables stakeholders to understand the interdependencies and interactions among various building components, facilitating more informed decision-making and enhanced project outcomes. The study reveals substantial benefits for facility management and maintenance within the B&C industry. For example, network analysis enables the identification of crucial structural components, such as highly connected columns, which is vital for prioritising resource allocation and maintenance tasks. By focusing on the most interconnected and structurally significant elements, facility managers can concentrate on areas that require more frequent inspections or reinforcements, thereby efficiently improving building safety and longevity. Additionally, network analysis can reveal hidden interdependencies among different building components, enabling more effective predictive maintenance strategies. This approach also enhances fault detection by identifying anomalies in the network structure that may signal potential issues before they escalate. Furthermore, the ability to accurately compare as-designed and as-built BIM models helps assess construction quality and adherence to design specifications, providing valuable feedback for continuous improvement in construction practices. Furthermore, the ability to accurately compare as-designed and as-built BIM models helps to assess construction quality and provides valuable feedback for continuous improvement under complex and dynamic environments. Specifically, in earthquake-prone regions such as Japan, integrating seismic considerations into BIM is imperative for comprehensive building management [42]. By borrowing as-designed and as-built BIM and comparing the approaches, stakeholders can evaluate both pre- and post-earthquake scenarios, which is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and safety during emergencies [28]. Incorporating seismic considerations into BIM analysis not only verifies adherence to design specifications but also ensures that buildings are maintained to withstand seismic events. This dual focus on design and maintenance significantly enhances the resilience and safety of building infrastructure. Despite the discrepancies between the actual as-built BIM and the as-designed model--due to scanning inaccuracies and model generation issues--our experiments show a significant improvement in accuracy when matching specific rooms and component types. Further research and optimisation of this methodology are necessary to bridge these gaps and enhance the accuracy and reliability of the BIM inspection process. _For methodology aspects_, two future directions are presented. The first line follows existing methods to improve the node-matching accuracy through the optimisation of network parameters and algorithms. Then, the network and BIM model comparison method will be easy to develop based on a node-matching result with high accuracy. The second line is more challenging, utilising the global matching method to conduct the structure difference analysis, which needs further studies to connect the global attributes with practical structural meaning.