## 1 Introduction  
Biopreparations with effective microorganisms (EMs) are widely used in environmental protection, agriculture, the food industry, and medicine. They are very useful for conditioning seeds, seedlings, and tubers. They can be used by treating seeds or seed potatoes during the growing season, as well as applied to the soil [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. Currently, EM biotechnology is used in such fields of agriculture as soil regeneration, plant production, animal production, the agri-food industry, and storage. Such versatile potential use of effective microorganisms is due to the high enzymatic specificity of microorganisms, enabling them to survive in diverse environments. EM technology is currently used in more than 140 countries on most continents, but the largest user is Brazil, where effective microorganisms have proven to be the most appropriate way to replace traditional management methods with natural methods. This reduces the burning and clearing of the Amazon jungle. Thanks to EM technology, farmers around the world can increase the quantity and quality of crops without affecting the environment [7; 8; 9]. Some biopreparations, e.g.,containing _Bacillus thuringiensis_, are produced on a fair scale using fermenters with a volume of 100,000 m\({}^{3}\)[10]. The use of effective microbiologically active solutions (EMASs) has been tested in Japan, China, Malaysia, Russia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania, etc., depending on the location and geographical conditions. The main purpose of these technologies is to improve the quality of water, soil, and food [1; 3; 4; 5; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. Thus, they become a tool for correcting and supervising various ecosystems. EM biopreparations are used comprehensively in plant cultivation to vaccinate the soil before sowing or planting plants. They are recommended for use in the form of spraying on catch crops, stubble, and manure before plowing, for treating seeds, tubers, and rhizomes, and directly or folily on plants [14; 15; 18]. Significant production effects are also observed in the use of EM preparations to prepare high-class fertilizers, composts, and plant extracts as strong nutrients [19]. Useful microorganisms can be used to treat potato tubers, sugar beet, and red beet seedlings, carrots, parsley, parsnips, celery, spring onions, and asparagus stumps, as well as the bulbs and rhizomes of ornamental plants. EM preparations consist of groups of microorganisms with different functions, between which there is a constant exchange of nutrients, which promotes their symbiosis. In addition, the EM formulation contains a sugar-based medium (cane molasses) that provides a low pH value. All microorganisms used in this preparation occur naturally in nature. Some types and species of microorganisms are isolated from the soil, others are obtained from the rumen of cows. There are no genetically modified organisms among them, and their reproduction and breeding are carried out in properly controlled conditions. The most famous products from this group are the so-called effective microorganisms (EMs) and their various modifications (EM1, EM5, Ema) [7]. EM preparations are live, beneficial microorganisms for which there is no withdrawal period [20; 21; 22]. In cultivation, they are used to reduce or completely eliminate the use of chemical plant protection products against crop diseases and pests, as well as during storage in cold stores and warehouses [23; 24]. The recently growing demand for biopreparations is related to the development of ecological methods of plant cultivation, including biodynamic and organic farming [25; 26; 27]. [PERSON] et al. [13] drew attention to the effects of inoculating crops with plant growth-promoting bacteria and endophytes, especially muscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as well as the potential use of these microorganisms in creating a sustainable potato cultivation system. However, the direct effect of using EMs in agriculture is an increase in yields and their quality [8; 17].