## 1 Introduction
The study was developed using the characteristics of current STRs in operation since onboard STRs save costs on launching dedicated-surveillance satellites. It demonstrated accurate results for debris detection and orbit determination by STRs. However, it only works for a constellation of satellites. [PERSON] et al. [13] did a proof-of-concept study of planned or opportunistic debris observation using STRs when there are available resources like downlink, mass memory, and cameras. The authors used the STRs of the SWARM mission to prove that it is possible to observe RSOs. They also developed a model to automatically request, download, and process the optimal amount of information without impacting the standard operation of the STRs. It was proved that STRs can be used for debris detection when these devices are not extracting the attitude. [PERSON] et al. [14] developed a highly intelligent camera using COTS devices capable of detecting, tracking, and calculating the orbit position to automatically \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**STR** & **Image Sensor** & **FOV** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{CubeStar} & Melexi s MLX75412 CMOS & \\  & \(\bullet\) & 1024 \(\times\) 512 pixels & 42\({}^{\circ}\) circular \\  & \(\bullet\) & 5.6 \(\upmu\)m & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{SOST} & Sony IMX219 PQ color 8 MPix & \\  & \(\bullet\) & 3280 \(\times\) 2464 pixels & 62.2\({}^{\circ}\)\(\times\) 48.8\({}^{\circ}\) \\  & \(\bullet\) & 1.12 \(\upmu\)m & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{APST} & MT9 PQ31 CMOS & \\  & \(\bullet\) & 2592 \(\times\) 1944 & 15\({}^{\circ}\) circular \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(\bullet\) & 2.2 \(\upmu\)m & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: STRs with COTS components. control the rendezvous for debris removal. The image-processing functions obtained successful test results, and the camera's orbit-determination function was validated in various simulation conditions. Due to the good results, the system was ready for launch in the ELSA-d satellite to further tests in situ. However, this camera was designed for relatively larger debris detection. Moreover, as the camera system was designed with COTS devices in mind, the authors verified the space-environment tolerance to minimize the costs of development and maximize the performance. The camera was approved in the vibration, thermal, and thermal-vacuum tests and proved to be in-orbit tolerant. In addition, the authors also developed COTS-onboard cameras for the Hayabusa2 spacecraft and the IKAROS mission [15; 16], showing that COTS devices can be applied for space applications. The literature on detecting space debris using space cameras or STRs is extensive and covers different areas of study, and it has been shown that these devices can be used for space surveillance in the scope of space debris. This paper proposes a new solution through the development of a low-cost payload camera similar to STRs using COTS devices for under-cataloqued space debris detection. Therefore, the performance of the proposed camera-payload breadboard will be evaluated in terms of detectability to test the size-detection capacity of the device. This paper adopts the following structure: Section 2 addresses the camera design and implementation; Section 3 presents the experimental methods and results; and Section 4 outlines the conclusions.