# CSO Based Solution for Load Kickback Effect in Deregulated Power Systems
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, the critical kickback effect aroused when implementing demand response in power systems have been discussed, and the necessary methods to reduce it have been analyzed. Various plots and tables regarding different costs under different scenarios have been discussed. The methodology has been implemented on two systems, IEEE 30 bus system and 75 bus Indian utility systems. Both systems have been tested with critical load kickback effect, and their costs have been optimized using CSO algorithm. It has been observed that the cost in controlled kickback effect is less than the original kickback effect. Consequently; the implemented system has built proficiency on proficient usage of assets in power operations.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] are formulated the problem and obtained the solution. [PERSON] and [PERSON] analyzed the results with other methods and wrote the paper.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Various Cases** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Fuel Cost** \\ **(Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Startup \& Shut** \\ **down Cost (Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **DR Cost** \\ **(Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Total Cost** \\ **(Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Revenue** \\ **(Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Profit** \\ **Profit** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **\%** \\ **Output (lb)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline without DR & 8,917,018 & 466,700 & 0 & 9,383,718 & 11,702,755 & 2,319,037 & 0.19816 & 7294.86 \\ with DR & 8,622,076 & 466,700 & 49,344 & 9,138,120 & 11,497,967 & 2,359,847 & 0.20524 & 7457.98 \\ original KB load & 8,676,450 & 466,700 & 49,344 & 9,192,494 & 11,564,486 & 2,371,992 & 0.20511 & 7541.59 \\ controlled KB load & 8,622,076 & 466,700 & 71,484 & 9,160,260 & 11,497,967 & 2,337,707 & 0.20331 & 7457.98 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* DR, demand response.  
\end{table}
Table 5: Comparison of Best Results Obtained by Different Cases of Indian 30 Bus System 1.  
Figure 15: Total generation cost of Generation Company versus time for original KB load and controlled KB load for 75 bus systems.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Various Cases** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Fuel Cost** \\ **(Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Startup \& Shut** \\ **down Cost (Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **DRCost** \\ **(Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Total Cost** \\ **(Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Revenue** \\ **(Rs)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Profit** \\ **Profit** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **\%** \\ **Output (lb)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline without DR & 8,917,018 & 466,700 & 0 & 9,383,718 & 11,702,755 & 2,319,037 & 0.19816 & 7294.86 \\ with DR & 8,622,076 & 466,700 & 49,344 & 9,138,120 & 11,497,967 & 2,359,847 & 0.20524 & 7457.98 \\ original KB load & 8,676,450 & 466,700 & 49,344 & 9,192,494 & 11,564,486 & 2,371,992 & 0.20511 & 7541.59 \\ controlled KB load & 8,622,076 & 466,700 & 71,484 & 9,160,260 & 11,497,967 & 2,337,707 & 0.20331 & 7457.98 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* DR, demand response.  
\end{table}
Table 6: Comparison of Best Results Obtained by Different Cases of Indian 75 Bus System.