# Advances and Challenges in IoT-Based Smart Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review
###### Abstract  
In the current era of technology, the internet of things (IoT) plays a vital role in smart drug delivery systems. It is an emerging field that offers promising solutions for improving the efficacy, safety, and patient compliance of drug therapies. IoT-based drug delivery systems leverage advanced devices, sophisticated sensors, and smart tools to monitor and analyse the health matrices of the patient in real-time, allowing for personalised and targeted drug delivery. This technology is implemented through various types of devices, including wearable and implantable devices such as infusion pumps, smart pens, inhalers, and auto-injectors. However, the development and implementation of IoT-based drug delivery systems pose several challenges, such as ensuring data security and privacy, regulatory compliance, compatibility, and reliability. In this paper, the latest research on smart wearable devices and its analysis are addressed. It also focuses on the challenges of ensuring the safe and efficient use of this technology in healthcare applications. healthcare IoT; internet of things; wireless drug delivery; wearable smart drug delivery devices; wireless body area networks (WBANs) +
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efficacy, safety, and patient compliance [3]. Such systems are designed explicitly to release medication automatically based on a patient's health status, thus mitigating human error and ensuring optimal dosing at the right time [4]. It enables personalised medicine by monitoring the patient's health status, allowing for tailored drug dosage and release. Systems can improve medication compliance and reduce the burden of managing complex regimens, a challenge for many patients [5]. The objective of this review article is to analyse and evaluate the various methodologies and technological advancements in IoT-based drug delivery systems This paper deals in great depth with how IoT can be used to monitor patients' critical illnesses and deliver drugs, including a comparison of modern technology to traditional drug delivery methods. It also outlines the problems with technology, drug delivery, and protocol design using IoT, as well as the solutions to the problems and the direction of future study. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore using relevant keywords such as \"IoT drug delivery\", \"wearable devices\", \"implantable devices\", \"micro and nano-technologies\", and \"remote patient care\" to identify relevant studies published between 2013 and 2023. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria were applied to select studies that focused on IoT technology in drug delivery, encompassing wearable devices, implantable devices, and ingestible and remote IoT-based drug delivery approaches. Studies that were not directly related to IoT-based drug delivery or those that did not provide substantial information on their methodology were excluded. Data Extraction: Relevant information was extracted from the selected studies, including study design, device description, methodologies employed, key findings, limitations, and implications. Analysis of data: The extracted data were analysed to identify common methodologies used in the development and implementation of IoT-based drug delivery systems. Key themes, technological innovations, challenges, and gaps in the existing literature were identified. Comparative Analysis: A comparison and the contrast between the methodologies used in different studies, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each approach, was performed along with identifying the patterns, trends, and emerging techniques in IoT-based drug delivery systems. The paper is organised as follows: Section 1 describes conventional and smart drug delivery systems. Section 2 highlights IoT, healthcare IoT, and its components. The recent applications of smart drug delivery devices are listed and described in detail in Section 3. The related work and its comparative analysis are described in Section 4.