## 9 Conclusions  
In this study a Medicare event, named Numa, which occurred in November 2017, has been investigated by using both observations (mainly satellite-based) and numerical modeling. We have stressed how MODIS VIS images, ECMWF forecast and LINET lightning data are very useful for a NRT monitoring of the track of a Medicare like Numa. The main focus of the study, however, is on the added value by the GPM constellation of MW radiometers, that, together with 3D DPR measurements, provides a valuable tool for monitoring and characterizing precipitation features of TLCs, especially during their offshore development, when ground-based observations (rain gauges and radars) cannot be used. The ability of the different MW frequencies to penetrate the cloud at different heights, and their sensitivity to the horizontal and vertical distribution of liquid and frozen hydrometeors within the cloud, allow not only to observe rainbands and eyewall structure, but also to infer the nature of rainfall formation processes. From the comparison of different MW radiometer overpasses it is possible to identify trends in the TLC and eye development (strengthening or weakening phases), to depict the evolution of precipitation structure and intensity from its development throughout its mature phase, and to localize and characterize the convective activity (as confirmed by ground-based lightning network data). For these reasons, MW radiometers are also a unique tool to verify the ability of cloud resolving models to reproduce the observed structure of the storm. This is particularly effective over the sea where the low frequency channels allow clearly depicting the structure and intensity of the precipitation. RAMS-ISAC high-resolution simulations support what inferred from the observations, evidencing Numa TLC characteristics (closed circulation around a warm core, low vertical wind shear, intense surface winds, heavy precipitation), persisting for more than 24 h. The first attempt to assimilate the DPR observation in RAMS-ISAC has shown an impact, although weak, on the simulated rainfall rates and amounts. This is because the availability of just one DPR overpass throughout the lifetime of the storm does not allow long-lasting impact on the forecast outcomes. Standing the actual scarce availability of space radar observation, a future development of this study will include the assimilation of precipitation retrieved by the GPM constellation of MW radiometers. Conceptualization, A.C.M., S.F., and G.P. ; methodology, A.C.M., S.F., and G.P. ; software A.C.M. and S.F. ; ground radar data processing and critical analysis, M.M. ; writing--original draft preparation, A.C.M. ; writing--review and editing, A.C.M., S.F., and G.P. ; G.P., E.A., L.B., D.C., L.P.D., S.D., P.S., and R.C.T. contributed deeply to discussions and corrections and revisions, providing important feedback and suggestions. **Funding:** This research was carried out in the framework of the project 'OT4 CLIMA' which was funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (D.D. 2261 del 6.9.2018, PON R&I 2014-2020 and FSC). The financial support by the EUMETSAT \"Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management\" (H SAF), by the Italian Research Project of National Interest 2015 (PRIN 2015) 4 WX5 NA, and by the agreement between CNR-ISAC and the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC) is also acknowledged. **Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to thank NASA PPS for providing the GPM data and products (ftp: //arthuhou.pps.esosdis.nasa.gov/) and the Italian Department for Civil Protection for providing the ground-based radar and an aging queue.