## 3 Results and Discussion
### Identification of Metallic/Bimetallic Nanoparticles
#### 3.1.3 TEM Investigation  
The surface morphology, size, and aggregation attitude of the nanoparticles prepared in an eco-friendly way using an aqueous extract of _Beta vulgaris_ L. were identified using TEM, as exemplified in Figure 3. The results verified that the nanoparticles have spherical shapes of a nano-scale size for all samples providing a very high surface area. The results concerning the particle size revealed varied sizes on the nanoscale, in which the Ag-mNPs demonstrated nanoparticle sizes within 12.82-21.28 nm, the Ag-SeO\({}_{2}\) bmNPs demonstrated  
Figure 2: Charts of the FT-IR data of _Beta vulgaris_ L. extract and its metallic/bimetallic nanoparticles.  
nanoparticle sizes within 8.417-18.49 nm, and the Ag-TiO\({}_{2}\) bmNPs demonstrated nanoparticle sizes within the size range of 12.86 to 20.09 nm. Therefore, nano-spheres were found to be agglomerated in the solution with varied sizes. The silver nanoparticles were attached to the edges of the petal surface of titanium and selenium oxides.  
The nucleation between silver nanoparticles and metal oxides occurred instantaneously during the preparation of bimetallic selenium and titanium nanoparticles. The interaction of metal ions in the solution with hydroxyl groups, namely phenolic groups, led to the formation of the smallest size of bimetallic oxide nanoparticles. In addition, the silver nanoparticles were formed on the surface of the metal oxides through a reduction process after the ionization of silver nitrate in the solution. The results specified the biosynthesis of metallic/bimetallic nanoparticles as they appeared from morphological analyses via the benefit of _Beta vulgaris_ aqueous extract. The images of the selected area diffraction (Figure 3) revealed circulates with bright spots in the analysis of all of the samples, demonstrating the crystallinity of the formed metallic/bimetallic nanoparticles.  
It was noted that the bright spots appeared more in the analysis of the Ag-TiO\({}_{2}\) bmNPs compared with the Ag-SeO\({}_{2}\) bmNPs and Ag mNPs, confirming the high level of the crystallinity of the bimetallic nanoparticles compared with the metallic silver samples  
Figure 3: TEM and selected area diffraction analysis of metallic/bimetallic nanoparticles: **(a,b)** refer to the TEM images of the Ag-mNPs (Mag. 120 and 650 kx); **(d,e)** refer to the TEM images of the Ag-SeO\({}_{2}\) bmNPs (Mag. 150 kx and 1.05 Mx); **(g,h)** refer to the TEM images of the Ag-TiO\({}_{2}\) bmNPs (Mag. 245 and 630 kx) with Ceta = 50 and 10 nm; and **(c,f,i)** refer to the images of the selected area diffraction of the Ag-mNPs, Ag-SeO\({}_{2}\) bmNPs, and Ag-TiO\({}_{2}\) bmNPs, respectively.  
(Figure 3). Biological assessments, such as for antibacterial activity, might be controlled by the size and agglomeration state of the nanoparticles. This is a satisfactory indication that interactions between the silver nanoparticles and biomolecules might result in particle aggregation [48,49]. The agglomeration of the penetrated bimetallic silver nanoparticles revealed remarkable influences compared to Ag-mNPs, as stated by recent studies [49,50]. Consequently, owing to the higher surface area of the biosynthesized nanoparticles (spherical shapes with an average particle size lower than the nanoscale), they might employ significant antibacterial effects against the growth inhibition of various species.