# Properties of Emulsion Paint with Modified Natural Rubber Late/Polyvinyl Acetate Blend Binder
## 4 Conclusions  
The results of this study indicate that the properties of opacity (hiding power), washability resistance, and set drying touch time meet emulsion paint standards for all levels of binder, except for the composition of NRL 100% \(w/w\). The higher level of NRL in the binder causes these properties to decrease and become unstable. The best opacity (hiding power), washability resistance, and set drying touch time properties were obtained at the modified NRL in the binder of 15% \(w/w\) and the binder content of 4% \(w/w\), with opacity properties of around 1.78%abs, washability resistance of 12 times and set drying touch time of 80 min. The properties of opacity (hiding power), washability resistance, and setting of touch drying time of emulsion paint with modified NRL binder and modified NRL mixture with PVAc can be improved by further modifying natural rubber latex (NRL) molecules. Modifications are needed to increase the adhesion of natural rubber latex (NRL). The adhesive characteristics of natural rubber latex (NRL) can match the characteristics of general adhesives such as PVAc.  
Conceptualization, B.I. and Z.H.; methodology, I.F.; validation, B.I., Z.H. and A.W.; formal analysis, I.F. and J.M.; investigation, I.F. and J.M.; resources, J.M.; data curation, J.M.; writing--original draft preparation, B.I. and Z.H.; writing--review and editing, B.I., A.W. and I.F.; visualization, I.F.; supervision, B.I. and Z.H.; project administration, B.I.; funding acquisition, B.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by DRPM Kemdikbudristek, Government of the Republic of Indonesia.  
Not applicable.  
The author thanks the DRPM Kemdikbudristek, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, for funding this research. The author also thanks P.T. Warna Indah Tirta Asia (WITA), Pekanbaru, Indonesia, for providing the materials for the experiments.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Set Touch Drying Times (Minutes)**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **0:100** & **15:80** & **2575** & **35:65** & **50:50** & **100:0** \\ \hline NRL/PVAc Binder 4\% & 84 & 91 & 99 & 109 & 110 & 110 \\ NRL/PVAc Binder 6\% & 99 & 101 & 102 & 103 & 106 & 106 \\ NRL/PVAc Binder 8\% & 115 & 105 & 110 & 116 & 99 & 112 \\ LNR/PVAc Binder 2\% & 84 & 79 & 63 & 66 & 106 & 71 \\ LNR/PVAc Binder 6\% & 84 & 40 & 51 & 61 & 194 & 59 \\ LNR/PVAc Binder 6\% & 101 & 99 & 80 & 84 & 79 & 76 \\ LNR/PVAc Binder 5\% & 115 & 97 & 103 & 61 & 97 & 121 \\ NRL-SMA-c-S0I 60:40 & 84 & 74 & 104 & 108 & 110 & 96 \\ NRL-g-(MMA-co-S0) 65:35 & 84 & 104 & 95 & 103 & 108 & 115 \\ NRL-g-(MMA-co-S0) 70:30 & 84 & 82 & 104 & 103 & 104 & 115 \\ NRL-g-(MMA-co-S0) 75:25 & 84 & 110 & 116 & 118 & 120 & 112 \\ NRL-g-(MMA-co-S0) 80:20 & 84 & 92 & 96 & 106 & 111 & 120 \\ LNR-g-(MMA-co-S0) 60:40 & 84 & 104 & 85 & 99 & 99 & 95 \\ LNR-g-(MMA-co-S0) 65:35 & 84 & 116 & 117 & 122 & 129 & 127 \\ LNR-g-(MMA-co-S0) 75:25 & 84 & 125 & 104 & 105 & 110 & 119 \\ LNR-g-(MMA-co-S0) 70:30 & 84 & 110 & 105 & 108 & 113 & 115 \\ LNR-g-(MMA-co-S0) 80:20 & 84 & 95 & 98 & 105 & 113 & 115 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Properties of emulsion paint touch drying time sets on various binder compositions.