# Network Tower Sharing Analysis in Greece: A Structure-Conduct-Performance Approach
## 3 Results
### Market Structure
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l r r r r r r r} \hline \hline  & **2017** & **2018** & **2019** & **2020** & **2021** & **2022** & **2021-2022** \\ \hline Registered connections & 16,167,273 & 15,354,388 & 14,458,145 & 13,650,884 & 13,813,026 & 13,826,201 & 0.1\% \\ \hline Active connections & 12,937,106 & 12,170,757 & 11,882,081 & 11,412,995 & 11,494,008 & 11,352,410 & \(-\)1.2\% \\ \hline Residential & 14,902,753 & 14,063,618 & 13,234,616 & 12,441,461 & 12,561,275 & 12,520,488 & \(-\)0.3\% \\ \hline Business & 1,264,520 & 1,290,770 & 1,223,529 & 1,209,423 & 1,251,751 & 1,305,713 & 4.3\% \\ \hline Penetration based on registered connections & 150\% & 143\% & 135\% & 127\% & 129\% & 132\% & - \\ \hline Penetration based on active connections & 120\% & 113\% & 111\% & 106\% & 108\% & 109\% & - \\ \hline Cosmote market shares based on registered connections & 46.3\% & 47.9\% & 46.6\% & 46\% & 46\% & 47.8\% & - \\ \hline CYTA market shares based on registered connections & 0.4\% & 0.4\% & 0\% & - & - & - & - \\ \hline Vodafone market shares based on registered connections & 30.9\% & 30.3\% & 28.9\% & 29.2\% & 30.2\% & 30.2\% & - \\ \hline WIND market shares based on registered connections & 22.4\% & 21.4\% & 24.5\% & 24.8\% & 23.8\% & 21.9\% & - \\ \hline Cosmote market shares based on active connections & 45–55\% & 45–55\% & 45–55\% & 45–55\% & 45–55\% & 45–55\% & - \\ \hline CYTA market shares based on active based on active connections & 0–5\% & 0–5\% & 0–5\% & - & - & - & - \\ \hline Vodafone market shares based on active connections & 25–35\% & 25–35\% & 25–35\% & 25–35\% & 25–35\% & 25–35\% & - \\ \hline WIND market shares based on active connections & 15–25\% & 15–25\% & 15–25\% & 15–25\% & 15–25\% & 15–25\% & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Main market analysis [compiled by the authors]. while 2020 was the first year after 2016 with increased market share. Moreover, WIND reached its own maximum market share at the end of 2013 (25.5%), decreasing from then up to December 2016 (18.7%) and then increasing after 2018, amounting to 21.9% in 2022, after some more fluctuations. Finally, Cosmote faced a significant decrease since 2011 (market share of 52.2%), and its minimum level was reached in 2014, when its market share fell to 44.5%, stabilizing since then. In addition, MNOs' total shares based on active connections remained in the same range the last six years, i.e., 45-55% for Cosmote, 25-35% for Vodafone, and 15-25% for WIND. As mentioned above, the number of connections in 2022 slightly increased, while in parallel, the use of the mobile communications network also increased for most services, revealing very positive potentialities. In particular, the use of mobile communications networks in 2022 performed a 6.6% growth in domestic voice traffic. In particular, post-paid residential users had the largest share of this (44.6%), while the pre-paid users performed the second largest share (40.6%). It is worth mentioning that 51% of the calls carried out were characterized as \"on-net\", meaning that they were carried out within the same operator's network. Moreover, the volume of data services in 2022 reached a peak of 844 million GB versus 563 million GB in 2021. In addition, consumed data performed a substantial increase in all user categories in 2022. On average, a post-paid residential user consumed 8 GB of data per month (compared to 5.3 GB in 2021), followed by a prepaid user at 5.5 GB (up from 3.8 GB in 2021) and a business user at 4.5 GB (up from 2.6 GB in 2021). Most of the data traffic (93%) was carried out through mobile phones, while the remaining 7% was transferred via other portable devices using data cards and M2M connections. Comparing Greece with a peer group of eleven other EU countries during 2017-2022 revealed that Greece's mobile data usage per subscription (excluding M2M and Including M2M) is lower than the median of the EU countries of reference, while it performs the fastest compound annual growth rate (CAGR +62% versus +37% between 2017-2022) in the mobile data usage.