## 5 Conclusions  
In such a diverse geography as Colombia owns where connectivity for rural areas is a necessity, WiBACK technology is presented as a useful tool thanks to its technical characteristics, e.g., its ability to self-adjust the working frequency and its low energy consumption, which allows the photovoltaic solar energy use to power the communication devices. These technical characteristics added to Ovejas and Chalan municipalities identification as territories affected by Colombian intern armed conflict, making the backhaul network implementation an opportunity to shorten the digital divide. Unlicensed frequency bands in Colombia are an option for rural connectivity. The unlicensed 5 GHz frequency band analysis was presented in Figures 6-9 between two network nodes. Spectral maps observation allowed to settle the working frequency at 5790 MHz and, according to Almagra and La Ceiba nodes spectral analysis, from 5735 to 5755 MHz, the highest difference in power between both nodes is found. La Ceiba node presented the highest intensity with \(-87\) dBm, and the Almagra node presented with \(-102\) dBm.  
Figure 8: Waveform view of Almagra node frequency analysis in Ovejas municipality rural area. Source: AirView Spectral Analyzer software.  
Figure 9: Waveform view of La Ceiba node frequency analysis in La Ceiba township. Source: AirView Spectral Analyzer software.  
La Ceiba node is in an urban area; therefore, it has a higher population density, while the Almagra node is located in a rural elevated area with a scattered population; therefore, it has a lower population density. Power levels intensity measured in Almagra and La Ceiba nodes and presented in waveform views frequency analysis indicate that when population density increases, telecommunication devices use, and power levels increase too. This relationship will be explored in future research works where electromagnetic radiation from electronic devices would be continuously observed on the spectral map. A more detailed frequency spectrum analysis would make it possible to observe indirectly other demographic behaviors in those territories where conventional demographic measurement methods have coverage limitations, e.g., internal migration measurement needs continuous population records that are limited due to implementation and operation costs.  
Conceptualization, C.L.C., M.A.M.-A. and N.G.-G.; methodology, C.L.C., M.A.M.-A. and N.G.-G.; software, C.L.C., M.A.M.-A. and N.G.-G.; validation, C.L.C., M.A.M.-A. and N.G.-G.; writing--original draft preparation, C.L.C., M.A.M.-A. and N.G.-G.; writing--review and editing, C.L.C., M.A.M.-A. and N.G.-G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by Colombian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation for national doctorates (grant number 647, 2014), and Universidad Nacional de Colombia \"Convocatoria para el Apoyo al Desarrollo de Tesis de Posgrado y Trabajo de Grado de pregrado de la Facultad de Ingenieria y Arquitectura de La Universidad Nacional de Colombia-sede Manizales 2020\", Modality 1: Support for doctoral thesis in any area of knowledge, with research project \"PHASE RESPONSE ESTIMATION BASED ON DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR FREQUENCY SELECTIVE CHANNELS\" (code Hermes 50916).  
Not applicable.  
This work is associated with Colombia Cientifica program \"Reconstrucion del Tejido Social en Zonas de Posconflicto en Colombia\" and particularly to \"Modelo Ecosti'etico de Mejoramiento Rural y Construccion de Paz: Instalacion de capacidades locales\" project, financed by the Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento para la Ciencia, la Tecnologia y la Innovacion, Fondo Francisco Jose de Caldas contract number 213-2018 and code 58960.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.