# Nexus between Building Information Modeling and Internet of Things in the Construction Industries
## 3 Results and Discussion
### An Overview of BIM in the Construction Industry
The study utilized a questionnaire survey method to identify the most prevalent factors that influence BIM implementation in the construction industry. They revealed that time and expense constraints, as well as poor construction project management scheduling and update requirements, and the late release of design information or drawings, were the most significant contributors to many of the problems encountered in the implementation of BIM. Similar to the work of [PERSON] et al. [27], [PERSON] [28] reported the implementation of BIM in different aspects of construction projects. Based on the authors' analysis, data sharing issues, integration inefficiencies, lack of collaborative design, construction operation, facility management,and communication obstacles in project and construction management were observed to be the dominant hindrances to BIM adoption in the construction industry. BIM has also been reported to be vital in construction conflict management as reported by [PERSON] et al. [29]. The analysis of the questionnaire survey revealed that insufficient monitoring of construction projects, scheduling and updates requirements, failures to understand and correctly bid or price of the works, delays in running bill payment, inadequate contractors' management, supervision, and coordination, errors and omissions in design that originate from time, cost, quality, and documentation were the critical conflict factors in Malaysia's construction industry. The incorporation of BIM was observed to be capable of resolving the identified construction conflicts. The effect of implementing BIM in the Turkish and Chinese construction industries has been investigated by [PERSON] et al. [30] and [PERSON] et al. [31], respectively. Using a qualitative research method, [PERSON] et al. [30] revealed that the acquisition of firms is the most important driving factor for the Turkish construction industry to adopt BIM, while \"organizational structure and culture\" is the most significant hurdle. [PERSON] et al. [31] on the other hand employed a semi-structured interview and questionnaire survey to identify the most important criteria to adopt BIM in the Chinese construction industry. The analysis revealed that he most important criteria connected to industrial requirements in order to adopt BIM in Chinese construction industry are customer demand/contract responsibilities and need for collaboration, coordination, communication, and interoperability across stakeholders. Besides being used for conflict management, BIM has been reported to be applicable as an asset management tool in the construction industry. Based on the conceptual development of [PERSON] et al. [32], the advantages of using BIM for asset management were not clearly defined. The methodologies and application frameworks have to be proposed and evaluated to generate reference use cases that will allow extending the knowledge about asset management enabled by the BIM model as the platform for an asset management information system. Furthermore, the application of BIM in building design optimization for sustainability using particle swarm optimization modeling has been reported by [PERSON] et al. [33]. The study revealed that the particle swarm optimization method can expand the search space for optimal design solutions and minimize the processing time for optimal design outcomes, which is extremely beneficial to designers in delivering an environmentally and economically friendly design scheme. BIM has been found helpful in the onsite construction process controlling the liquefied natural gas industry. Using three-dimensional modeling, [PERSON] et al. [34] found that extending the BIM solution to the site could help to handle more real-world issues such as low productivity in collecting information, a proclivity for making mistakes in assembly, and low communication as well as problem-solving efficiency. The effectiveness of BIM implementation during different construction phase has been reported by [PERSON] et al. [35].