## 3 Results and Discussion
### Anti-Aging Capacity of Honey  
All six honey samples were evaluated for their tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity, aiming to understand if honey is suitable to be applied in anti-aging products. From the data in Table 3, it was possible to verify that the tyrosinase inhibition percentage ranged from 4.36% (sample 2) to 9.37% (sample 6) with significant differences (\(p<\) 0.05). The elastase inhibition percentage ranged from 37.52% (sample 2) to 45.88% (sample 1) with also significant differences (\(p<\) 0.001). In both analyses, sample 1 was the one that presented the highest inhibitory capacity, with no significant differences from samples 5 and 6. These results could also be justified by its pollen composition and the previously mentioned factors associated with the environmental conditions and honey's manipulation.  
As far as we know, currently, there is no data about the capacity of honey from _P. undulatum_ to inhibit these two enzymes related to the skin's aging process. Thus, the present study is the first to document this type of honey's anti-elastase and anti-tyrosine properties.  
For both enzymes, only a few studies registered the inhibition capacity of honey for tyrosinase inhibition, but from different botanical sources.  
In the literature, it is registered that some varieties of Thai honey presented inhibition percentages between 22.71% and 87.73% ([PERSON] et al., 2018). At the same time, other studies reported anti-tyrosine activity in different honey samples, including monofloral and multifocal kinds of honey, and obtained values ranging from 51.25% to 90.06% ([PERSON] et al., 2018). In both works, the activity was higher than the one determined in the current work.  
For anti-elastase activity, to the best of our knowledge, only a Mauritius Island team research tested the inhibition capacity of honey on elastase, observing no inhibitory activity [27]. In this sense, our research group was the first to register elastase inhibition by honey samples.  
However, other authors investigated the anti-aging capacity of other materials. Currently, the search for natural compounds has gained an increasing demand due to their fewer side effects and become more prevalent in cosmetic formulations. Several authors already tried to investigate the potential use of bioactive compounds from a diverse matrix with potential skin applications. Our research group has already found anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activity in agro-food by-products, namely, grape stems from the winery industry, obtaining inhibition percentages between 41.47% and 53.83% for tyrosinase and between 67.98% and 98.02% for elastase [19]. Here, a higher percentage of elastase inhibition was found than tyrosinase inhibition as obtained in the present work.  
Concerning elastase inhibition, in _Actinidia arguta_ (kiwiberry) leaves, excellent results were also described regarding elastase inhibition, achieving values of 65.62% [54]. A plant from the Asteraceae family (_Podospermum cannum_) also revealed enzyme inhibitory effects with a value of 51.7% [55]. Other authors that investigate the essential oil composition of sour orange (_Citrus aurantium_) leaves from Algeria found an interesting level of elastase inhibition of about 70% [56]. All these values revealed a present higher inhibitory capacity for these enzymes than those found in the current work.