## 2 Materials and Methods
### Manufacturing Technology Project  
#### 2.1.1 Choice of a Cutting Blade Material and the Type of Blank  
A variety of materials are used for oscillating tool blades depending on the type of material to be cut:  
* High-carbon steel (HCS) standard blades are used for plunging and flush cuts in a wide range of materials, including drywall, hardwood floors, moulding, soft plastics, trim, and laminated materials. They are good for cutting softer wood, particle board, and plastics. However, they quickly dull when used on hardwood, metal, and other hard materials. * High-speed steel (HSS) blades are made from hardened, high-grade, high-speed steel. These blades are used to cut harder materials, such as metal, aluminium, and non-ferrous metals. * The bimetal (BIM) blades are with a content of 8% Cobalt. They are stronger than common HCS blades, making them harder materials. Bimetal is used to cut wood and nails. The titanium-enhanced carbide teeth blade is used to cut nails. Bimetal blades can cut ferrous or non-ferrous metals such as aluminium, brass, bronze, steel, stainless steel, and titanium. A carbide-tipped blade lasts much longer, cuts metal faster, and wears down much slower than its non-carbide counterpart. * Oscillating diamond tool blades are used to remove grout. To produce the cutting blade for cutting soft materials and for the separation of bonded automotive glasses, it was possible to choose the following materials: (a) heat-treated high-carbon steel 1.1274 (EN-Code: C100S, ASTM/AISI: 1095) according to [28]. Chemical composition: C: max. 1.05%, Si: 0.15-0.30%, Mn: 0.30-0.45%, P: max. 0.02%, S: max. 0.02%, Cr: about 0.01%. Status: tempered, brightly polished. Contractual yield strength: \(R_{\mathrm{p}}\)0.2 = 550 MPa. Tensile strength under tempered conditions: \(R_{\mathrm{m}}\) = (1000 to 2000) MPa. Hardness: 60 HRC. Modulus of elasticity: \(E\) = 210 GPa. The tolerances for the dimensions and shape of the strip are according to [29]. Flatness max. 0.3% of the strip width. Edges: the widths of 6.0 mm and 12.7 mm have rounded edges for thicknesses greater than 0.25 mm, all other sizes have cut edges. Due to the high carbon content, which exceeds 1%, this alloy is ideal for feeler gauges, washers, and springs, where corrosion problems are not expected. Unhardened sheets are available as alloy 1.1248 (EN-Code: C75S, ASTM/AISI: 1075) according to [28] with tensile strength (490 to 650) MPa. (b) heat-treated tool steel 1.2003 (EN-Code: 75 Cr1, ASTM/AISI: 1075) according to [28]. Chemical composition: C: 0.70-0.80%, Si: 0.25-0.50%, Mn: 0.60-0.80%, P: max. 0.03%, S: max. 0.03%, Cr: 0.30-0.40%. Status: heat treated, unpolished. The tolerances for the dimensions and shape of the strip are according to [29]. Flatness: max. 0.2% of the strip width, cut edges. A small proportion of chromium leads to greater resistance to wear and better turbidity at greater widths. This alloy is suitable for small tools due to the hardness (47 to 51) HRC. Since cutting blades will be used to cut soft materials and concerning the higher hardness value, the heat-treated high-carbon strip steel 1.1274 (Figure 2) according to [28] was chosen for the production of the cutting blade. The strip thickness of 0.6 mm was chosen. Regarding the considerable strength of (1000 to 2000) MPa and the low plasticity stock of heat-treated high-carbon strip steel 1.1274 according to [28] the blank made of it needs to be softly annealed before bending and then after bending the blank in the bending tool to obtain the original values of mechanical properties of the material to perform the heat treatment, i.e., quenching and subsequent tempering to the required hardness (54 to 57) HRC. Figure 2: Heat-treated high-carbon strip steels with different thicknesses supplied by the company MEPAC CZ, Ltd., Trinec, Czech Republic (source: [[https://www.mpac.cz/wp-content/uploads/20](https://www.mpac.cz/wp-content/uploads/20)]([https://www.mpac.cz/wp-content/uploads/20](https://www.mpac.cz/wp-content/uploads/20)) 22/09/Planzetty:pdf (accessed on 2 February 2023)).