## 2 Related Works  
[PERSON] et al. [16] developed a new Dynamic Routing Protocol (DYRP) in wireless Ad Hoc VLC network to diminish interruptions during communication, and to generate alternative routes in the VLC networks without the need of prior topology knowledge. Experimental result showed that the dynamic routing protocol significantly deals with the obstacles and shadows in the VLC networks by generating alterative paths between the source and destination nodes. The developed dynamic routing protocol needs to address the security processes for protecting the network and its nodes in order to ensure a correct route between the nodes. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [17] developed a new two-step algorithm for reducing the optimization problem with low implementation complexity in the VLC networks. The numerical outcome showed that the developed algorithm achieved optimal solution compared to brute force technique in light of total transmission power. [PERSON] et al. [18] presented a new channel access model--CSK hopping pattern model for VLC. In this literature, the transmitter utilizes the CSK hopping pattern model for loading the data into Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Next, the network access point of the LEDs was established for illumination coverage area, where it uses dissimilar color patterns for distinguishing the VLC networks. The developed model establishes a communication access network process with the access point, while a receiver detects a specific color pattern in the illumination coverage area. The developed CSK hopping pattern model effectively minimizes the delay in the terminal access network and interference between the adjacent access points. However, the developed CSK hopping pattern model was used only in special drive dimmer circuits, and also it was hard to balance the communication and lighting. [PERSON] et al. [19] developed an improved cuckoo search algorithm on the basis of dimension cells and chaos theory to solve the uneven distribution of received optical power. In this literature, the chaos process optimizes the random distribution of the initial solution for reducing the interference. The experimental outcome showed that the developed improved cuckoo search algorithm obtained better convergence rate and accuracy compared to other metaheuristics optimization algorithms in VLC. Still, the developed algorithm needs to solve the problems concerning coverage and network access in smart homes. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] developed a heuristic allocation technique for reducing the system sub-carrier transmission power, while maintaining the required error bit rate and data rate. The numerical analysis showed that the developed technique effectively minimizes the clipping noise, transmitter power consumption, and multi-user interference at the receiver end. The numerical results showed that the developed technique reduces more than 10% of transmitter power consumption compared to the existing techniques. As a future enhancement, the developed technique needs to concentrate on the energy efficiency of the communication system. [PERSON] et al. [21] analyzed the energy saving ability of the dimming VLC system by using the Sub Carrier-4 Pulse Position Modulation (SC-4 PPM) technique. In this literature study, different optimization algorithms were applied for maximizing the energy efficiency of VLC network. The trade-off between Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and energy efficiency were uniform to obtain efficient performance. The potential of LED parameters to enhance VLC energy efficiency has not been intensively analyzed in this study. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] introduced an evolutionary algorithm for optimizing the SNR distribution in an indoor VLC system. The numerical results showed that the developed evolutionary algorithm almost reduced 25% of SNR deviations, which was better compared to other algorithms.