## 4 Discussion
[12] reported that 20.3% of the honey isolated strains inhibited the growth of _S. aureus_ ATCC 25923, while activity against _P. aeruginosa_ ATCC 27857 was rarely observed. In previous studies, aerobic spore-forming bacteria belonging to _Bacillus_ spp. and related genera (_Brevibacillus_, _Lysinibacillus_, _Penaibacillus_) have been identified as the most common bacteria present in honey [5; 59]. Furthermore, bacteria belonging to _Bacillus_ genus have been often isolated from the honeybee gut [60; 61; 62]. Similarly, in this study, 62% of the identified isolates belonged to the genus _Bacillus_. [PERSON] et al. [15] detected _Bacillus_spores in most of the honey samples from Morocco, while [PERSON] et al. [3] reported that regardless of the geographical and botanical origin, the main bacteria in honeys were spore-forming _Bacillus_ spp., which is in agreement with our data. Bacteria belonging to _B. subtilis_ or _B. cereus_ groups are the most frequently detected in honey [3,25]. Indeed, _B. safensis_ was the most frequently identified species in our study followed by _B. pumilus_, _B. subtilis_, and _B. cereus_. The species _B. cereus_, _B. licheniformis_, _B. megaterium_, _B. pumilus_, _B. safensis_, _B. subtilis_, and _B. vallismortis_ have been detected in honey samples from diverse geographical locations [3,4,9,22,25,42,44,60,63]. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that _B. paramycoides_, _L. fusiformis_, _M. imperiale_, _M. yunnanensis_, _P. profundus_, and _T. saccharophilus_ were isolated from honey. _Paenibacillus_ strains isolated from various ecological niches synthesize a wide range of antibiotics (polymyxins, polypeptins, gavaserin) [51,64]. _P. profundus_ strain Sl 79, a deep sediment bacterium, exerted a remarkable inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is known to produce isocomarin and a new linear glyceryl acid-derived heptapeptide that exhibited antibacterial activity against _S. aureus_, _S. epidermidis_, _B. subtilis_, and _E. faccium_[64,65]. On the other hand, _M. yunnanensis_ was previously detected in bee gut [66,61] but not in honey. Micrococin was the first thiazolly peptide isolated from a _Microoccus_ strain [67]. Sponge-derived _M. yunnanensis_ F-256,44 was reported to produce locurin, an antibiotic of the thiazolly peptide family [67,68]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [69] isolated _M. yunnanensis_ strain rsk5, which produced a novel antibacterial compound. This compound exerted activity against antibiotic-resistant _S. aureus_ and differs from other characterized secondary metabolites. _T. saccharophilus_, as its name suggests, is a sugar-loving bacterium [70]. A study reported that a _T. saccharophilus_ strain isolated from the gut of an edible Indian freshwater fish could be applied as a probiotic in fish feed formulations [71]. Another study reported the production of copious amounts of exopolysaccharides by _T. saccharophilus_ strain PS-47. Exopolysaccharides are secondary metabolites, used in the pharmaceutical and food industries [72]. _Microbacterium_ spp. were previously isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of adult worker honeybees [62]. A study reported that _M. imperiale_ (MAIF2a) reduced fungal symptoms by _Fusarium solani_ in cassava roots, indicating its antimicrobial potential [73]. The antibacterial activity of _B. paramycoides_ and _L. fusiformis_ against important human and food pathogens has been described for the first time in this study. However, these bacterial species are known for their bioremediation potential [74, 75, 76]. Moreover, _B. paramycoides_ was reported as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium [77], while _L. fusiformis_ strain C250R produced a novel extracellular thermostable protease designated as SAPLF, which could be applied in pharmaceuticals, food, and biotechnology industries [78]. In this study, 14% of the characterized bacterial isolates were identified as _Staphylococcus_ spp. Previous studies have reported the presence of _S. epidermidis_, _S. pasteuri_, and _S.