# Review on Wearable Technology in Sports: Concepts, Challenges and Opportunities
## 4 Anatomical Perspective of WT  
Anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of living organisms and their parts. WT is the term for devices or materials that can be worn on the body and provide some functionality, such as sensing, computing, communication, or entertainment. The relationship between anatomy and the physical structure of WT is important for several reasons:  
* It affects the comfort, fit, and usability of the WT or material. * It influences the accuracy, reliability, and validity of the data collected by the WT or material. * It determines the potential benefits, risks, and limitations of the WT or material for different applications and users. Sleeves, shirts, trousers, vests, jerseys, and gloves allow real-time monitoring of various internal and external training loads related to athletes. For this purpose, WT structures are designed to be placed on different anatomical regions according to the type of training and sport. The human anatomical regions are shown in Figure 7. Some of the anatomical concepts that are relevant for WT are:  
* **Anatomical regions:** The body can be divided into different regions based on location, function, or structure. For example, the head, neck, torso, arm, hand, leg, and foot are anatomical regions that can wear different devices or materials. * **Physical movement:** The body can perform different types of movement based on the joints, muscles, and bones involved. For example, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction are types of movement that can affect the fit, function, and comfort of WTs or materials. * **Perspiration-comfort:** The body can produce sweat as a way of cooling down and regulating body temperature. Sweat can affect the skin condition, moisture level, and friction of the body part that wears the device or material. For example, sweat can cause skin irritation, infection, or corrosion if not properly managed by the WT or material. * **Ergonomics:** The body can interact with the environment and the device or material in different ways based on its posture, position, and orientation. Ergonomics is the study of how to design devices or materials that fit the human body and its activities. For example, ergonomics can improve the usability, efficiency, and safety of WTs or materials. In the process of devising WT, it becomes imperative to consider a multitude of anatomical factors. These considerations encompass the size, shape, and relative proportions of the specific body part destined to bear the device or material. Additionally, an assessment of the range of motion, flexibility, and strength exhibited by the targeted body part assumes significance. Factors such as skin sensitivity, temperature, moisture levels, and blood flow in the chosen anatomical region warrant meticulous evaluation. Furthermore, scrutiny should extend to the location, function, and potential interplay with other adjacent body parts or organs that might be influenced by the deployment of the device or material. Lastly, an indispensable facet of this comprehensive analysis lies in recognizing and accommodating the individual preferences, needs, and expectations of the end user. The selected commercial WT devices and the anatomical regions they are worn on are presented in Table 1. Wearable technologies used in the sports field vary depending on the sport(s) and anatomical region they are used for. The main regions where commercial wearables are placed in the sports field are the thorax, brachium, antebrachium, carpus, manus, femur, crus, and caput. It is observed that these wearables are concentrated on the thorax and carpus regions in terms of anatomical regions. From this perspective, the thorax is an advantageous region for monitoring body movements due to its proximity to the physiological aspects of breathing and heart function, as well as its proximity to the body's center of gravity.