## 3 Results
### Descriptive Results
#### 3.1.2 Soundscape and Landscape Description  
To compare the results of the subjective indicators for the ten places, since they were measured using ordinal scales, the chi-square test statistic was used.  
There are differences between the landscape (LSC) and soundscape (SSC) variables in the ten places (Table 4). The most positive perception in landscape, soundscape and congruence was found in GLT after renovation (5.2), and in the most natural space, the tree-lined area of Paseo del Arenal (1.2), followed by the centre (2.2) and terraces (2.3) on Plaza Nueva. In contrast, Plaza GLT before renovation (5.1) and Plaza San Pedro de Deusto (4.1) were perceived the most negatively.  
Other places with low tranquillity-related scores were the arcades in Plaza Nueva (2.2), where sound reverberates, and the Paseo del Arenal walkway (1.3).  
Soundscape familiarity and landscape pleasantness were high for most of the places analysed.  
In general, almost two thirds of the participants (61%) would use the place they assessed for relaxing in. However, this percentage was higher in very natural places, like (1.3) the area with trees in Paseo del Arenal (79%) and (3.1) Plaza Levante (78%), and those with significant water elements, such as (5.2) Plaza GLT after the renovation (74%). This was also true for Old Town spaces, including the improvised children's play area (76%). The places least frequently chosen to relax in were the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Areas** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Paseo del Arenal**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Plaza Nueva**} & **PL L** & **PL SPD** & **PL GLT** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-10} \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Spaces**} & **(1.1)** & **(1.2)** & **(1.3)** & **(2.1)** & **(2.2)** & **(2.3)** & **(3.1)** & **(4.1)** & **(5.1)** & **(5.2)** \\ \hline SSC Pleasant * & 59.5 & 79.4 & 45.5 & 62.5 & 67.7 & 73.8 & 37.0 & 3.2 & 34.1 & 96.5 & 57.2 \\ SSC Quiet * & 24.3 & 64.7 & 9.1 & 25.0 & 45.2 & 57.1 & 40.7 & 19.4 & 34.1 & 94.7 & 43.9 \\ SSC Relating * & 32.4 & 61.8 & 22.7 & 21.9 & 54.8 & 64.3 & 29.6 & 9.7 & 43.2 & 94.7 & 45.8 \\ SSC Urban * & 40.5 & 14.7 & 38.6 & 37.5 & 38.5 & 38.1 & 14.8 & 12.9 & 61.4 & 30.0 & 41.4 \\ SSC Natural * & 64.9 & 70.6 & 34.1 & 50.0 & 74.2 & 76.2 & 36.5 & 6.7 & 50.0 & 85.5 & 55.8 \\ SSC Informative * & 19.4 & 35.3 & 25.0 & 34.5 & 35.5 & 26.2 & 17.6 & 20.0 & 56.8 & 87.3 & 37.9 \\ SSC Fun * & 59.5 & 50.0 & 38.6 & 43.8 & 61.3 & 57.1 & 18.5 & 0.0 & 51.2 & 98.1 & 49.5 \\ SSC Fermit & 81.1 & 87.9 & 73.3 & 83.9 & 77.4 & 81.0 & 63.0 & 66.7 & 84.1 & 99.2 & 80.4 \\ SSC Speech transmission * & 35.1 & 82.4 & 31.8 & 43.3 & 71.0 & 73.8 & 24.1 & 6.7 & 43.2 & 82.5 & 50.1 \\ SSC / LSC Opternsee & 37.8 & 79.4 & 30.2 & 58.1 & 41.4 & 69.2 & 69.8 & 22.6 & 47.7 & 80.7 & 55.8 \\ ISC Pleasant * & 75.7 & 85.3 & 61.4 & 68.8 & 45.2 & 83.3 & 50.0 & 45.2 & 40.9 & 100.0 & 66.7 \\ LSC Quiet & 10.8 & 11.8 & 11.4 & 6.3 & 29.0 & 9.5 & 51.9 & 32.3 & 2.3 & 98.2 & 30.3 \\ ISC Beautiful * & 27.0 & 38.2 & 25.0 & 21.9 & 25.8 & 31.0 & 63.0 & 35.5 & 6.8 & 100.0 & 41.3 \\ \hline Paseo del Arenal: (1.1) Playground; (1.2) Trees; (1.3) Walkway. Plaza Nueva: (2.1) Arcades; (2.2) Centre; (2.3) Terraces. Plaza Levante: (3.1) Square. Plaza San Pedro Deusto: (4.1) Plane trees. Plaza General Latorre: (5.1) before renovation, in 2012; (5.2) after renovation, in 2014. & (2012). & (5.2) after renovation, in 2014. & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Percentage of positive perception (scores 4 and 5 of the ordinal 5-point scale) of landscape (LSC) and soundscape (SSC) in the ten analysis areas (* \(p\) < 0.001 associated to \(\chi^{2}\)).  
thoroughfare zones (1.3) and children's play areas (1.1) in Paseo del Arenal (34% and 41%, respectively), in addition to the Plaza Nueva arcades (2.1), with their high degree of reverberation, and (5.1) Plaza GLT before the renovation (50%). These results are congruent with those described before with regard to the soundscape, the landscape and their congruence.