## 5 Discussions and Recommendations
Our findings are in concordance with the findings of [PERSON] et al. [51], [PERSON] et al. [52], and [PERSON] et al. [53], reporting high pollution produced by the oil refining complex Ploiesti and Navodari, Romania. No matter the authors or regions for which the research was performed, it was proved that pollution provoked by refineries is a general issue. Therefore, the governmental organisms must impose measures to be implemented and strictly followed in any crude oil refining complex. Nevertheless, identifying areas with maximum values allows for the adoption of tailored measures to reduce pollution, which represents an important step toward compliance with international/national/regional environmental standards. In this context, it is necessary for industrial installations and equipment to be regularly inspected and repaired to ensure proper functioning. The results of our study provide a valuable tool for decision-makers by identifying critical areas with high levels of VOC emissions. This information can be used to develop much more effective local environmental policies, such as:  
* Setting stricter requirements for emission monitoring during industrial equipment inspection periods. * Creating best practice guidelines for reducing emissions at the analyzed refinery. * Identifying major VOC emission sources through the research study, which can assist the economic operator in implementing specific measures in direct correlation with compliance with national and international regulatory standards. Thus, we propose: _Pollutants Monitoring and Management:_
* Develop better monitoring systems to assess industrial pollutant emissions based on refinery equipment, layout, and operating conditions, enabling more effective management. * Install automated meters and computer systems on process units for continuous monitoring of losses and ambient air quality, enabling rapid response to pollution. * Use VOC vapor recovery systems at the beginning of the maintenance period to transfer existing vapors to other equipment or retention spaces. * Perform rigorous inspections of the floating roofs inside the storage tanks. * Using high-quality gaskets and seals at the equipment access points is crucial to prevent VOC leaks into the atmosphere. In some instances, inert atmospheres inside the tanks during maintenance prevent oxidation and the release of VOCs into the terrestrial atmosphere. _Operational planning:_
* Performing inspection/maintenance work during periods with favorable weather conditions for controlled dispersion;
* Prioritizing investments in emission reduction technologies for these areas;
* Optimizing tank design to minimize emissions. For example, use larger tanks for crude oil and refined products, fitted with floating roofs and pontoons to reduce emissions. * Installing vapor recovery systems in areas with high emissions. Other solutions for pollution reduction in the refinery areas include [54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59]:
* Larger Refining Units and Integrated Processes: Implementing larger refining units and combining the processes that will reduce crude oil/product losses, process fuel consumption, and cooling water, leading to lower air pollution. * Improve the Crude Oil Pre-Treatment by reducing salt content through a unified pre-treatment system, both in the oil fields and the refinery, to minimize contaminated effluent water produced in the technological process. This method will reduce VOC emissions and wastewater discharge. * Desulfurization of Fuels: Continue improving desulfurization technologies for engine and boiler fuels, especially for heavy residual stocks, and integrate sulfur recovery units to reduce SO\({}_{2}\) and other sulfur compounds in emissions. Scientists should create a pollution index to track ecosystem pollution from refineresis, with dedicated systems to detect and mitigate environmental harm. These proposed management strategies for mitigating air pollution will offer a significant drop in the whole air pollution.