###### Abstract
With a similar twist ratio, 2.0, tape widths were varied from 12-20 mm, and Reynolds numbers ranged from 2600-8760. Their research illustrated that a twisted tape placed against the wall had 3-18% higher heat transfer than a tape located at the core of the tube. [PERSON] et al. [19] focused on the effects of co/counter-swirl flows on thermal augmentation. Their experiments covered dual-twisted tapes with twist ratios of 2.5-4.0. The results observed that the dual-counter-swirl tapes with a 2.5 twist ratio provided the greatest thermal performance, 1.39. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] studied the thermohydraulic properties of ducts into which dual and quadruple twisted-tapes were installed in various arrangements. The results were contrasted with the performance of smooth ducts and ducts with TTs. The thermohydraulic properties of ducts rely on the number of tapes and their configuration. The number of tapes was more significant. Heat transfer rate and pressure losses rose with increased numbers of tapes. The quadruple twisted tape provided better heat transfer than a dual twisted tape, but with a lower thermal performance factor. Maximal thermal performance was obtained by the configuration of diagonal double counter-tapes and diagonal double co-tapes. The effects of twisted tape width with various arrangements on heat transfer performance were studied by [PERSON] et al. [21]. Their results showed that tapes and nanofluids can significantly improve heat transfer efficiency and reduce energy losses. The performance of the thermal system was optimal, and the entropy generation was minimal at high Reynolds numbers and with multiple twisted tapes. At four twisted tapes and a 0.03% concentration of Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) nanofluid, the maximum friction entropy of the system reached 1605. [PERSON] et al. [22] employed a two-phase simulation to analyze water/MWCNT nanofluid flow and thermohydraulic performance using a triple-perforated twisted-tape. A nanofluid was utilized as the working medium, and the Reynolds numbers ranged from 6000 to 24,000. Their study indicated that a triple-perforated tape significantly affected the channel heat transfer coefficient. The studied cases caused fluctuating flow and increased heat transfer efficiency and pressure loss. A triple-perforated tape having four complete waves with high-concentration MWCNT nanofluids (\(\varphi\) = 0.8%) offered the best performance evaluation criterion, 1.92. The results of heat transfer enhancement using modified twisted tapes with various surface designs are summarized in Table 1. Among these, twisted tapes featuring uneven surfaces, such as dimpled tapes [10] and inclined rib-slot tapes [16], have demonstrated promising improvements in both heat transfer and thermal performance. Building on this concept, the present study employs V-ribs as the surface modification for twisted tapes. V-ribs were selected due to their advantages over both dimpled surfaces and inclined ribs, as highlighted in previous studies. Unlike dimples, which create localized turbulence [23], V-ribs induce continuous boundary layer disruption along the flow path, resulting in more uniform heat transfer enhancement. Furthermore, V-shaped ribs generate vortices and give higher thermal performance than the typical orthogonal or angled ribs [24]. In addition, the geometry of V-shaped ribs can be easily modified by adjusting their attack angle to optimize heat transfer performance. Based on these findings, this study focuses on twisted tapes with continuous V-ribs (CVRT). The investigation explores the effects of CVRT inserts, with protruding V-ribs, on heat transfer characteristics, pressure drop, and thermal performance in a heat exchanger. The heat transfer coefficient is evaluated for three V-rib attack angles (\(\beta\)): 15\({}^{\circ}\), 30\({}^{\circ}\), and 45\({}^{\circ}\), considering both forward and backward tape orientations. Air is used as the working fluid within a Reynolds number range of 6000 to 20,000.