# Investigation of Element Migration from Aluminum Cooking Pots Using ICP-MS
## 3 Results and Discussion
### The Permissible Daily Intake Limit of Chemical Elements
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{11.3 pt} p{11.3 pt} p{11.3 pt} p{11.3 pt} p{11.3 pt} p{11.3 pt}} \hline \hline  & & **ICP-MS** & & **EDS** & & **XPS** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Principle**} & \(\bullet\) & It analyses the mass-to-charge ratio of ions generated from a sample by inductively coupled plasma. & \(\bullet\) & It is linked with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and and detects characteristic X-rays emitted from a sample when sample when both electrons. & \(\bullet\) & It measures the kinetic energy of electrons ejected from a sample when irradiated with X-rays. \\  & & It is primarily used for elemental analysis, especially for trace and ultra-trace elements. & \(\bullet\) & It is used for elemental analysis in the form of point scan, line scan, and area mapping. & \(\bullet\) & It provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic state of the surface. \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Advantages**} & \(\bullet\) & It is highly sensitive. & & & \(\bullet\) & It is highly surface-sensitive and provides information about the chemical composition and electronic states of elements on the sample surface. \\  & \(\bullet\) & It can detect elements at trace and ultra-trace levels. & \(\bullet\) & It provides elemental distribution maps. & \(\bullet\) & It is highly surface-sensitive and provides information about the chemical composition and electronic states of elements on the sample surface. \\  & \(\bullet\) & It provides accurate and precise quantitative results for elemental concentrations. & & & \(\bullet\) & It provides information about the oxidation state and chemical bonding of elements. \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Disadvantages**} & \(\bullet\) & Lower sensitivity compared to ICP-MS, making it less suitable for trace element analysis. & \(\bullet\) & Lower sensitivity compared to ICP-MS, making it less suitable for trace element analysis. & \(\bullet\) & Lower sensitivity compared to ICP-MS, making it less suitable for trace element analysis. & \(\bullet\) & Lower sensitivity compared to ICP-MS, making it less suitable for trace element analysis. & \(\bullet\) \\  & \(\bullet\) & Sample preparation needs digestion of solid samples. & \(\bullet\) & It is surface-sensitive, providing information about the top few micrometers of the sample surface. & \(\bullet\) & It is limited to the top few nanometers of the sample surface. \\  & \(\bullet\) & Interference from the sample matrix can affect the accuracy of results. & \(\bullet\) & Overalping peaks can make it challenging to identify certain elements accurately. & \(\bullet\) & Operate under ultra-high vacuum conditions, limiting the types of samples that can be analyzed. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Detection limit**} & \(\bullet\) & Below 1–100 ng/L (ppt, part per trillion). & \(\bullet\) & Below 0.1 wt.\%. & \(\bullet\) & Below 0.1–1 at.\%. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Advantages, disadvantages, and detection limits of ICP-MS, EDS, and XPS techniques used in the present study [42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49]. conditions represent extreme cooking scenarios, where the food was cooked for 2 h at 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C and then kept at 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 8 h, as outlined in Table 1.  
The present study may reveal an impact at local, national, and international levels. Understanding element migration from aluminum pots is crucial for local communities as it directly impacts the health of individuals. The present study attracts the attention of local communities regarding the extensive use of aluminum pots, which may lead to elevated concentrations of aluminum in cooked food and cause health risks. Furthermore, there is a relevant contribution of the present research that is expected to attract the attention of local communities, especially regarding health concerns related to aluminum pressure cookers. The outcomes of the current study reveal an important contribution on the national level through the potential development or revision of national public health policies.