# Application of Internet of Things in a Kitchen Fire Prevention System
## 2 Literature Review
### Internet of Things  
Based on people's demand for energy saving in their homes, the development of smart house technology is an inevitable result [16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. A smart house refers to the integration of all automation equipment through the network system to provide a service that is highly efficient overall, thereby ensuring that the public's needs are met in terms of home safety, a healthy and humane living environment, convenience, and quality of life [21]. The modern smart home system includes the following subsystems: lighting, climate control, security, technical incidents prevention subsystem and others [22; 23; 24].  
There are four common methods of IoT connection control: Internet Control (W-Fi), Area Network Control (WebSocket), Bluetooth and Serial Port. Each of these four methods has its own advantages. For example, to control US devices in Taiwan, you must use Wi-Fi control. If you want to control multiple devices at the same time, you can consider WebSocket and Bluetooth connection. If you only want simple wiring control, you can use the Serial Port approach.  
The wireless sensor network, being a dominant prerequisite in the modern pervasive environment, has nodes connected with multi-hop to transmit and reinforce continuous monitoring with real-time updates from the field environment [25]. In this context, IoT will also play an active role by connecting and enabling devices to the Internet [26]. Most of the fire alarm systems use the technology of a wireless sensor network (WSN). WSNs have gained popularity because they have a variety of uses in different applications, such as target tracking [27; 28], localization [29], healthcare [30; 31], Smart Transpiration [32], environmental monitoring, and industrial automation [33]. A WSN is also used to automatically or manually collect data and security monitoring [34; 35].  
Most of the smartphone-based applications either employ crowdsourcing or crowd sensing, utilizing smartphone sensors of citizens. However, a few can also be found that takes input from other sensor devices (such as wearable sensors) but collect data through the smartphone interface of citizens. Here, in this work, we have considered an opportunistic crowd sensing based application [36]. The level of such system's intellectualization increases with time. Therefore, the practice of neuro controllers for the smart home system implementation is an important and urgent task [37; 38; 39; 40].  
The IoT enables various devices and appliances that are attached with micro sensor chips, such as radio-frequency identification tags, sensors, and wireless communication chips, to communicate and interact with each other through wireless and wired networks (communication and interactions between objects, between people and objects, and between people). In recent years, sensors have been widely used for fire detection [41; 42; 43; 44; 45]. The IoT provides management and service functions that coordinate comprehensive types of objects, achieve high efficiency, energy saving, safety, and environmental protection, and offer integrated services of management, control, and operation.  
The key characteristics of an IoT setup include the following: (1) instrumentation, (2) interconnectivity, (3) intelligence, and (4) facilitation of smart life and services through instrumentation and networking technologies.  
[PERSON] et al. have developed the technical structure of the accident prevention subsystem for the smart home system. In the development process, the subsystem model is built on the Petri network and neural network, and the physical model is built using the Arduino microcontroller. The subsystem was developed using this technical model, and software and hardware tools were also presented [20].