## 1 Introduction
Therefore, the crashworthiness and lightweight design of electric vehicles face tougher challenges. They addressed a multi-objective optimization design for lightweight vehicle body structures and used multi-objective optimization methods to improve structural performance under multiple load cases [23]. Using genetic algorithms and existing design tools, they optimized the durability of the vehicle body structure under various load cases while reducing its weight [24]. An electric vehicle's lightweight and crashworthiness design was carried out via the six-sigma robust design optimization method. The research results show that the best design for mitigation and crashworthiness can be successfully achieved via the six-sigma robust design optimization method. This method provides a balance between weight reduction and crashworthiness while increasing the sensitivity of the design to different variations [25]. The advantages of fiberglass materials are their high strength, low density and flexibility. These propertiesmake it an ideal option for protecting batteries against side impacts [26; 27]. The use of a fiberglass support profile aims to increase the durability of the battery while simultaneously reducing its weight. This positively impacts the performance and energy efficiency of electric vehicles. In this study, the design, analysis and optimization of a side profile made of fiberglass material were carried out, and the behavior of the support profile in collision situations was evaluated via numerical simulations. GFR is a composite material that combines glass fibers with thermosetting resin. Different techniques are used for fiberglass production. Pultrusion is a production method used to produce long and continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composite profiles. This method allows the fiber-reinforced polymer material to be uniformly placed in a matrix resin and then shaped by passing it through a mold. It is a method used in the literature [28; 29; 30; 31; 32]. Pultrusion is an efficient method for the mass production of long, durable and lightweight composite profiles. This method is ideal for high-strength and lightweight structures used in many sectors, such as the automotive, aerospace, and building industries, and wind energy [33; 34]. Furthermore, materials produced by pultrusion are generally corrosion-resistant and have good mechanical performance. Therefore, the pultrusion method enables the production of more robust and efficient products than conventional materials. In a related study, the crushing response of cage-filled square tubes under quasistatic compressive loading was investigated. Auxetic cage-filled tubes were compared with honeycomb-filled tubes. An alternative tube and an empty tube were designed such that all the structural cages had equal masses. These experimental results were verified computationally. The experimental and numerical results emphasized that the addition of cage structures greatly improved the crashworthiness. Compared with those of the empty tube, the performance of the collision tube was improved by 62.6%, 64.0% and 79.1% of the experimental values and the energy absorption by the addition of the infill cage, respectively [35]. In the development and characterization of innovative materials and structural systems, the adoption of advanced techniques in Inverse Analysis can reduce the necessity for expensive experimental testing. The practice of Small Punch Tests (SPTs) involves assessing material parameters through inverse analysis, which is accelerated and made more economical by employing a model reduction procedure. This methodology is designed to evaluate material parameters within various constitutive models, thereby providing a more adaptable identification framework capable of addressing a wide range of material behaviors [36]. In another study, the authors focused on the design of crashworthy components and a specific structural configuration that provides efficient shrinkage.