_applied sciences_  
_Editorial_  
State-of-the-Art in Orthodontics and Gnathology  
[PERSON] (c)  
Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania [PERSON], via [PERSON] 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel: +39-3289129558  
In recent years, several novel diagnostic and treatment modalities have been introduced in orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders [1, 2]. Researchers and clinicians are called to update themselves according to the developments occurring in these fields. New technologies and digital devices are able to accelerate the diagnostic process and increase the effectiveness in diagnosing dysfunctions in the orofacial region [3]. Furthermore, thanks to intraoral scanners, digital dental and skeletal models, facial scanning, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), digital smile design (DSD), photogrammetry, and artificial intelligence (AI), diagnoses are becoming increasingly accurate, particularly in complex cases with impacted teeth, dental transpositions, and orofacial disharmonies and anomalies [2]. In addition, patients are becoming increasingly demanding regarding treatment time and aesthetics [4]; thus, different methods such as corticotomy, pulsed light, mechanical vibrations to accelerate orthodontic movement, or an increase in the use of clear brackets and aligners are more common than in previous decades [5, 6, 7]. The objective of this Special Issue was to present the main evidence-based data on new developments and knowledge in diagnostic and treatment technologies in the orofacial field used in both children and adults. The articles published in this Collection have been met with great success in interdisciplinary fields, stimulating international authors to submit their original articles, reviews, or case reports based on various aspects of orthodontics, as well as on the diagnosis and management of temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. Among the current highly debated topics, this Special Issue focused on multiple disciplines as follows: gingival recessions and periodontal status after orthodontic treatment; a rare case of impacted central incisors; predictors of analgesic consumption in orthodontic patients; a systematic review about different dento-skeletal class III treatment approaches; upper airway volumes evaluation, cephalometric values in JIA patients [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. Specifically, the manuscript titled \"Dento-Skeletal Class III Treatment with Mixed Anchored Palatal Expander: A Systematic Review\" [8] aimed to determine the efficacy of using a mixed anchored palatal expander to treat Class III malocclusions, as well as to observe whether using a bone-anchorage device induces more maxillary advancement with fewer dental side effects. These treatment approaches are among the most currently used in the treatment of moderate-to-severe Class III malocclusions. This review was well conducted by following the more recent PROSPERO guidelines redacted for the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK). The authors concluded that combining tooth-borne and bone-borne appliances for rapid maxillary extension may be advised in treatment protocols for skeletal Class III patients to obtain more skeletal results while lowering maxillary dentition side effects [8]. Another publication of [PERSON] et al. [11] aimed to assess the gingival recessions (GR) and periodontal status in a group of young patients previously treated with non-extraction orthodontic treatments and retention, with a minimum two-year follow up after the end of active treatment. In particular, they selected data from patients with a previous non-extractive orthodontic treatment, and at least two years of storage and complete recordswere collected before and after treatment. Dental models were digitized with the 3 Shape TRIOS(r) intraoral scanner, a new technology, and Viewbox4 software was used for the measurements.