## 3 Results and Discussion  
In Table 1 we present the andosol soil mineral material composition, which consisted of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) (Pb). Previous studies [18] have investigated the possibility that soil can be used to reduce the number of bacteria in a given environment. Soil contains metallic minerals such as Ag, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn, which have the potential to be antibacterial agents against _Salmonella typhi_ and _Staphylococcus aureus_. Cu was detected in the soil in this investigation. Cu is toxic to bacteria upon direct contact, with the Cu process causing damage to the outer membrane of bacteria as a result of the presence of Cu ions. Copper's inactivation of the iron sulphur group damages the bacterial cell membrane's essential catabolic and biosynthetic pathways, as stated in [21]. Therefore, as an alternative to acquiring adequate and ecologically friendly technology to combat bacterial resistance, it can be employed as a solution in developing countries such as Indonesia. The use of soil can decrease the number of bacteria in an area. This is because zinc in soil has been shown to lower the number of _Escherichia coli_ bacteria by 98% after 2 h and _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ colonies by 100% after a contact time of 4 h [7]. Due to the charge of ferric ions of iron (Fe\({}^{3+}\)), the iron content in soil has antibacterial capabilities, which can be employed to lower the amount of _Escherichia coli_ in secondary waste [20]. Bacteria can be eliminated through the bacteriostatic process that occurs in soil (bactericidal). When clay minerals kill bacteria, this process is referred to as a bactericidal process, whereas stopping bacterial growth and replication is referred to as a bacteriostatic process [22]. Initially, ferrous ion (Fe\({}^{2+}\)) produced by ferrous iron metal is combined with oxygen in water to form iron oxide (Fe(OH)\({}_{3}\)) and iron oxide (Fe(OH)\({}_{3}\)) (Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)). Secondly, the iron oxide produced can bind to bacteria through adsorption. This method can minimize the number of microorganisms in the water. Additionally, ferrous iron metal can generate hydroxyl free radicals (OH\({}^{-}\)). Through oxidation, these radicals can harm the bacterial cell membrane. This damage can lead to the loss of ions and chemicals required by bacteria, preventing their reproduction or even causing them to perish. Fourth, persistent cell injury can result in bacterial inactivation or death. However, it should be emphasized that the stages of bacterial cell destruction can vary depending on iron ion concentration, pH, and other environmental factors [23; 24]. Physical and chemical features of soil can inhibit bacterial populations. The minerals Al, Mg, Fe, and Si possess chemical properties that aid in lowering the amount of bacteria. This mineral improves the cation exchange capacity, also known as CEC; this ion exchange is fatal to bacteria. Clay contains minerals in the form of Fe\({}^{2+}\), which can infiltrate the protein structure of bacterial cells and generate hydroxide radials that can kill bacteria. The physical features of a porous/cavity-filled soil will lead germs to be absorbed/trapped until they die. Due to the sharp form of soil particles, the friction between bacteria and soil particles damages the bacterial cell wall [25]. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) have been the most commonly used NaOCI-based disinfectants for cleaning surfaces and medical equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic [26]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Mineral Content** & **Level** \\ \hline Fe & 11.772 ppm \\ \hline Zn & 0.105 ppm \\ \hline Cu & 0.018 ppm \\ \hline Pb & 0.006 ppm \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Soil chemical examination. The findings of the metal analysis of the soil sample revealed that it included material in the form of iron, zinc, and copper, all of which could kill bacteria. Microorganisms such as _E.