## 3 Minimizing Active Power Losses in Power Transmission Systems Using GWO  
In response to rising energy demand, power system interruptions (generators, transmission lines, transformers), and unexpected breakdowns of network equipment, the power system becomes progressively crowded and overloaded, eventually resulting in the system entering an emergency condition of operation. Thus, it is necessary to develop suitable management or control procedures. Another essential emergency control activity is congestion management, which seeks to reduce or eliminate overloading and violations in the transmission power system. Congestion control based on appropriate load has been used to reduce load shed and active power losses, as well as to improve the voltage profile and voltage stability [43]. Due to the rapid increase in demand for power, the integrity of the electrical system, particularly regarding voltage stability, is in jeopardy. The use of  
Figure 2: Topology of the simple power distribution network with a distributed generation (DG) source. a static voltage compensator (SVC) on the 500 kV Java-Bali electric power system with PSAT has been identified as one of the FACTS equipment to combat the instability of the most critical buses when operating on the 500 kV Java-Bali electric power system with PSAT. The power flow approach results in a total active power production of 12.144 p.u. and a total reactive power generation of 5.268 p.u. due to the power flow technique. The total active power load is 12.058 p.u., and the total reactive power load is 4.65 p.u. as a result of the power flow technique. The total active and reactive power loads are equal. The entire active and reactive power demands are equal in magnitude and value. The result is obtained when the total load on each bus and the total losses on the line are added up [44] and divided by two. The goal of improving the active filtering theory of multi-phase power supply systems, which tries to keep as much power as possible from being lost in transmission lines, has been set. New relationships are established for the instantaneous active current and apparent power, and a new physical content is defined that considers the transmission line resistance ratio dependence and corresponds to similar integrated values of a multi-phase power supply system's periodic mode, respectively. The instantaneous and integral values of the least feasible losses are both related to the load power squared and, in the event of a short circuit, are inversely proportional to the power of the short circuit. As a result of the above-mentioned information, these numbers may be utilized to calculate the power factors and gain coefficients for power losses for a certain load. In the case of an active filter with control methods that arise in the transmission line vectors of the active current while using a shunt active filter, the private sector has put a lot of money into infrastructure improvements that allow it to work within the existing power system framework [45]. As a result, transmission lines must exert more effort to meet their temperature restrictions. The congestion caused by overloaded transmission lines resulted in an increase in power loss throughout the system because of the overload. One of the most successful methods to reduce congestion on the electrical system is to increase the available transfer capacity (ATC) of the system. The use of FACTS devices may help to increase the efficiency of air traffic control systems and procedures. The inclusion of the TCSC in the IEEE 30-bus system has allowed for the development of a novel way of dealing with crowded regions. When the TCSC is allocated, it is carried out with the help of ACPTDF sensitivity factors, and the parameters are determined with the help of the GWO method. When a multi-objective function is used, it has been found that when GWO is used, it helps to reduce active power loss, increase ATC value while lowering reactive power loss, and make the TCSC size as small as possible [46; 47].