## 6 Future Perspectives and Research Directions  
As research on _C. vulgaris_ advances, its applications in food, medicine, and animal feed are expected to grow significantly [146]. Despite the existing knowledge of its bioactive compounds and nutritional value, many areas remain underexplored, and future research will be essential to fully realize the potential of this microalga in various industries. One of the key areas for future development lies in optimizing the cultivation and production of _C. vulgaris_ to meet the increasing global demand. Current methods face substantial challenges, as they are often resource-intensive, sensitive to specific environmental conditions, and costly, which restricts large-scale production. Advances in biotechnological processes, such as photobioreactor design, automation, and genetic engineering, could dramatically improve _C. vulgaris_ yields while reducing costs and environmental impact [31; 34]. However, specific challenges remain, such as increasing light utilization efficiency in photobioreactors and improving nutrient-delivery systems during cultivation. Future research should focus on addressing these bottlenecks by developing innovative reactor designs and nutrient formulations tailored to different strains of _C. vulgaris_. Optimizing growth conditions such as nutrient availability, light intensity, and temperature could also enhance the concentrations of valuable bioactive compounds like chlorophyll, carotenoids, and polysaccharides. Additionally, research should focus on overcoming the technical challenge of scaling up production while maintaining the consistency of bioactive compound yields, including developing cost-effective and sustainable nutrient sources for large-scale cultivation. Integrating _C. vulgaris_ production with waste recycling and renewable energy sources offers a promising pathway for making production more sustainable and less resource-intensive [148]. While _C. vulgaris_ is already established as a dietary supplement and functional food ingredient, there remains significant potential to expand its applications in these sectors. Future research should investigate the development of innovative food products that incorporate _C. vulgaris_ not only for its nutritional benefits but also for its therapeutic properties. In particular, researchers could explore novel encapsulation techniques to improve the stability and bioavailability of its key bioactive compounds during food processing and digestion. For instance, functional foods targeting specific health outcomes, such as immune support, cardiovascular health, or diabetes management, could be enhanced by incorporating _C. vulgaris_[4]. Additionally, research should address how to optimize the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from _C. vulgaris_, as well as develop new methods for enhancing their bioavailability in humans. Techniques such as nanoencapsulation and emulsification are promising areas to explore in this regard. As an ingredient in animal feed, future research is focusing on optimizing the inclusion rates and identifying the best formulation approaches for each species. The therapeutic potential of _C. vulgaris_ has been demonstrated in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, particularly regarding its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects [127; 149; 150]. However, clinical evidence supporting these effects remains limited, as most studies to date lack large-scale human trials. Key research questions include determining optimal dosing regimens for clinical efficacy, understanding the long-term effects of supplementation, and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying its bioactivities, including the specific signaling pathways affected by _C. vulgaris_ compounds. Future research should prioritize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to better assess the clinical efficacy and safety of _C. vulgaris_ in treating chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and immune disorders.