## 1 Introduction  
The honeycomb structure, as a bionic design mimicking the hexagonal architecture of natural honeycombs, demonstrates a high strength-to-weight ratio [1, 2], excellent flexural and compressive rigidity, and enhanced stability compared to homogeneous solid plates of equivalent mass. Aluminum honeycomb [3, 4] is a composite sheet [5, 6] made of aluminum alloy material with good bending stiffness. The bending stiffness of the same quality aluminum honeycomb plate is about 5 times that of aluminum alloy. The honeycomb structure composites are widely used in aerospace, transportation, construction, packaging, furniture manufacturing, and other fields [7, 8, 9, 10]. With global environmental protection gradually gaining attention, new energy is also developing rapidly [11, 12, 13]. This change has put forward higher requirements for the battery box, promoting the battery box in terms of material, structure, performance, and other aspects of innovation and improvement [14]. Lightweighting new energy vehicle battery casings through new materials and structural optimization is the mainstream approach. Casing materials have transitioned from steel dominance to a new era featuringsteel-aluminum hybrids, full aluminum alloys, magnesium-aluminum alloys, and fiber-reinforced composites. In response to the concept of energy saving and environmental protection, [PERSON] et al. [15] proposed a new BF/PLA composite battery box. The mechanical properties of the BF/PLA composite were tested, and subsequently, the static analysis and constraint modal analysis of the traditional metal battery box were carried out under the typical working conditions of rapid turning and braking under vertical pumping. Compared with traditional metal battery enclosures under identical operating conditions, the composite battery box demonstrates enhanced reliability, showing improved performance in flammability resistance [16], corrosion tolerance [17], temperature stability [18], and crashworthiness [19], while maintaining compliance with rigidity and strength requirements across diverse operational scenarios. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [20] also proposed a honeycomb sandwich battery box composed of a high-strength steel outer layer, an aluminum alloy honeycomb sandwich, and an inner layer. At the same time, aluminum alloy honeycomb samples were made to verify the accuracy of the finite element simulation and theoretical model under quasi-static compression. Then, the optimum thickness of the three-layer plate was optimized under the constraint condition that the first mode frequency is greater than 30 Hz. Finally, the mass of the optimized battery box was reduced by 37.26%, and its static performance was greatly improved compared with the traditional battery box. The common battery box shell is mainly composed of carbon fiber [21; 22] and glass fiber [23], and its hybrid ratio affects the mechanical properties of the battery box shell, such as impact and bending [24; 25]. [PERSON] et al. [26] studied the effect of mixing on the vibration response of carbon/glass hybrid composite laminates by using analytical and numerical models. They studied nine types of four-layer hybrid composite laminates, and studied in detail the effects of layering sequence, material properties, and geometry on vibration response. The results show that the natural frequency increases with the increase in the mixing ratio due to the increase in the stiffness of the composite laminates. [PERSON] et al. [27] compared the properties of intralayer and interlayer hybrid materials with carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites. It was found that the intralayer hybrid showed better compression performance than that of the interlayer hybrid; in addition, percentage enhancement in compressive failure strain was noticed. Negative hybrid effects on compressive strength were noticed for both intralayer and interlayer hybrid configurations. [PERSON] et al. [28] studied the low-speed impact behavior of intralayer hybrid carbon/glass braided composite pipes under internal pressure.