# Dynamic Modeling and Output Characteristics Analysis of the Hub-Drive Reduction System
## 1 Introduction
investigated how the friction properties of wet brakes for mining are affected under different operating conditions [23]. The finite element analysis method (FEM) was used by [PERSON] et al. to analyze the strength of the frame of an offset wide-body mining dump truck [24]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a new analysis method based on a combination of dynamic strain measurements and the finite element analysis of actual mining pavement to solve the problem of early fatigue fracture in the normal use of mining dump trucks [25]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] performed research that used numerical simulations to confirm the stability of their proposed end slope designs, and the results demonstrated that unmanned driving road-width optimization not only ensures slope safety but also significantly boosts the economic benefits of steep mining in open-pit mines [26]. [PERSON] et al. presented a theoretical comparison between an induction motor (IM) and a magnet-free wound rotor synchronous motor (WRSM) with a rotor DC excitation in a mining dump truck drive [27]. [PERSON], [PERSON] focused on the remaining life estimation of mining truck tires considering the environmental operating conditions at an open-pit iron ore mine in Iran [28]. [PERSON] et al. evaluated the impact of nonlinear modes of quarry dump truck movement on the instant redistribution of normal tire reactions, and the peak loads on wheels during acceleration and braking in the regular cycle were taken into account [29]. [PERSON] proposed a PM that derived from overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) through the modification of performance metrics [30]. [PERSON]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] considered the features of the current state of open-pit motor transport for the development of ore deposits in the North of Russia, which provides indicators that allow for the evaluation of the efficiency of transport performance and suggests an approach for determining operational performance. In addition, they also determined the dynamics of the level of decline in the performance of dump trucks depending on service life, transportation distance, resistance to motion, organizational downtime and season, and they summarized data for expeditious forecasting and operational decision making [31]. [PERSON] et al. focused their work on the analysis of the most important reliability indicators for components of the electrical devices of mining dump trucks, and they proposed analytical methods of their evaluation [32]. Thus, it could be found that research on large-load mining dump trucks has mainly focused on the dynamic modeling and reliability analysis of the vehicle frame, suspension and overall model. Research on high-torque hub drive systems mainly focuses on the structural design and scheme optimization of the wheel side reducer, which rarely involves the overall dynamic analysis and stiffness matching optimization design of the wheel hub drive system in large-load mining dump trucks. Because the hub drive system in a large-load mining dump truck is composed of multiple components such as a power input system, two-stage planetary gear reducer, and brake, it has the characteristics of many parts, a complex structure, obvious nonlinear characteristics of contact friction pairs, an extremely diverse load spectrum under working conditions, a complex transmission relationship, and the mutual influence of each component. Therefore, based on the current research, the dynamic model of a high-torque hub drive system is established in this paper. The dynamic characteristics of the whole system and the nonlinear coupling relationship between the subsystems are studied, and the load spectrum of each component under common working conditions is extracted according to the results of multi-body dynamic simulation analysis so as to guide the fatigue life analysis of each component of the system and improve the reliability of the system.