# Hybrid Quantum Dot as Promising Tools for Theranostic Application in Cancer
## 3 Hybrid Quantum Dot as Cancer Theranostics: Contemporary Research
### Therapeutic Application
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of QDs** & **Type of Cancer** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Diagnostic/Imaging** \\ **Technique** \\ \end{tabular} & **Outcome** & **Refs.** \\ \hline Graphene-QDs & Cancer cells & MRI and fluorescence imaging & MRI and fluorescence imaging of living Hela cells and monitored intracellular drug release & [92] \\ \hline Carbon-QDs & Tumor cells & \begin{tabular}{c} Photoluminescence and \\ photocoustic imaging \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Accumulation of C-QDs around the cancer cells \\ via passive targeting with no active targeting \\ species with fluorescence imaging \\ \end{tabular} & [93] \\ \hline Carbon-QDs & Cervical cancer & Fluorescence imaging & \begin{tabular}{c} TAT functionalization enhanced cell labeling \\ and uptake, and that folate selectively tagged \\ tumor cells \\ \end{tabular} & [94] \\ \hline Carbon-QDs doped with & \multirow{2}{*}{Squamous cell carcinoma} & \multirow{2}{*}{Squamous cell carcinoma (NIRF) and PET imaging} & Carbon-QDs rapidly uptake by the tumor when \\ Fluorine and Nitrogen & & (NIRF) and PET imaging & \begin{tabular}{c} administered subcutaneously as compared to \\ intramuscular and intravenous \\ \end{tabular} & [95] \\ \hline Carbon QDs doped with & \multirow{2}{*}{Hepatoellular carcinoma} & \multirow{2}{*}{Bioimaging} & Internalized QDs exhibit fluorescent emission & [96] \\ polyethyleneimine & & & authenticating their potential application for & [92] \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Magneto-fluorescence \\ carbon-QDs conjugated \\ with cDNA \\ aptamer \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{Cervical cancer} & \multirow{2}{*}{Fluorescence and magnetic} & DNA aptamer, which specifically recognises the \\  & & & receptor tyrosine-protein kinase-like 7 (also \\  & & & known as colon carcinoma kinase 4, CCK4) for \\  & & & targeted basal mode fluorescence/magnetic \\  & & & resonance (MR) imaging \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} QDs-conjugated streptavidin \\ probe \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{Breast cancer} & \multirow{2}{*}{Diagnosis} & QDs-based immunohistochemistry \\  & & & demonstrates the prognostic value of EGFR area \\  & & & in the HER2-positive and lymph node-positive \\  & & & subtype of invasive breast cancer \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Carboxyl-modified CdTe-QDs \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{HeLa and MCF-7 cells} & \multirow{2}{*}{Bioimaging} & Sensing probes for cancer- biosensors was the \\  & & & detection of miRNA-21 on lysates of HeLa and \\  & & & MCF-7 cells and other biomarkers. \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} CdTe-QDs functionalized \\ with single-stranded DNA \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{Non-specific cells} & \multirow{2}{*}{Fluorescence Diagnosis} & QDs detect miRNA-122 within 40 min with \\  & & & enhanced intensity in proportion with \\  & & & miRNA-122 concentrations ranging 0.16-4.80 nM \\  & & & and has a low detection limit of 9.4 pM \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Au-SiO\({}_{2}\)-QDs \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{Breast cancer} & \multirow{2}{*}{Imaging} & Photothermal effect provides real-time imaging \\  & & & capability, which makes it appealing as a \\  & & & potential thermasontic tool for cancer treatment. \\ \hline \
\begin{tabular}{c} Graphene-QDs \\ doped nitrogen \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{Skin cancer} & \multirow{2}{*}{Imaging and diagnosis} & Fluorescence intensity of N-QDs was \\  & & & quenched by the static quenching of \\  & & & UV-damaged DNA through the formation of an \\  & & & N-GQD/UV-damaged DNA complex \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}{c} Iron selenide-QDs \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{Skin Cancer} & \multirow{2}{*}{Bioimaging} & Synthesized QDs exhibit two bands of photon \\  & & & excitation property and high quantum yield \\  & & & which are suitable for second-window imaging \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._by HepG2 cells and accumulated in their nuclei, exhibiting better anticancer activity than the free drug [82]. In another investigation, [PERSON] et al.