## 3 Experimental Results
### Results of IEEE 69-Bus System  
The single-line diagram of the IEEE-69 bus system, which has the same base voltage and power as the IEEE 33-bus system, is given in Figure 8. The line and load data of this system, which have 68 lines and 69 buses, are obtained in [37]. The active and reactive power losses of this system are 224.95 kW and 102.13 kVAR, respectively. * **Scenario I:** Installation of only DGs  
The results of DGs placed in the radial system with the AOA are given in Table 7 and compared with other optimization methods. The optimum placements of DGs are determined to be 11, 61, and 21 buses, and optimum capacities are found to be 571.6 kW,  
Figure 8: IEEE 69-bus system. Figure 7: Active power losses of the IEEE 33-bus system in different scenarios. 1719.9 kW, and 341 kW, respectively. In this way, the total power loss of this system increases from 224.95 kW to 69.43 kW. **Scenario II:** Installation of only CBs  
The capacity of each CB, which initially had limits of \(\pm\)3000 kVAR, is determined as 410 kVAR, 233 kVAR, and 1234 kVAR and installed in buses 11, 21, and 61, respectively. The results of the proposed algorithm are given in Table 8 and compared to the other algorithms. By placing CBs in the radial system, the total power loss was reduced from 224.95 kW to 145.096 kW increasing by 35.51%. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Optimal** \\ **Location** \\ **(Bus No.)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Optimal** \\ **DG Size** \\ **(MW)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Power** \\ **Loss** \\ **(kW)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Loss** \\ **Reduction** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline FWA [12] & 61 & 0.4085 & & \\  & 61 & 1.1986 & 77.85 & 65.39 \\  & 27 & 0.2258 & & \\ \hline MTLBO [13] & 20 & 0.446 & & \\  & 62 & 1.836 & 77.36 & 65.61 \\  & 57 & 0.477 & & \\ \hline JAYA [13] & 61 & 2.000 & & \\  & 50 & 0.100 & 75.83 & 66.29 \\  & 12 & 1.016 & & \\ \hline GWO [13] & 61 & 2.000 & & \\  & 50 & 0.586 & 73.43 & 67.36 \\  & 12 & 0.792 & & \\ \hline SIMBO-Q [15] & 61 & 1.500 & & \\  & 9 & 0.6189 & 71.3 & 68.3 \\  & 17 & 0.5297 & & \\ \hline QOSIMBO-Q [15] & 9 & 0.8336 & & \\  & 18 & 0.4511 & 71.0 & 68.43 \\  & 61 & 1.500 & & \\ \hline AA [16] & 11 & 0.499 & & \\  & 17 & 0.377 & 69.55 & 69.09 \\  & 61 & 1.668 & & \\ \hline HHO [17] & 12 & 0.7341 & & \\  & 61 & 1.1912 & 74.14 & 67.046 \\  & 62 & 0.7623 & & \\ \hline SPBO [17] & 11 & 0.5599 & & \\  & 18 & 0.3692 & 69.45 & 69.1306 \\  & 61 & 1.1731 & & \\ \hline WOA [38] & 49 & 0.84046 & & \\  & 18 & 0.53352 & 70.19 & 68.40 \\  & 61 & 1.8084 & & \\ \hline DA [38] & 66 & 0.23147 & & \\  & 14 & 0.52993 & 71.10 & 68.40 \\  & 61 & 1.7632 & & \\ \hline MFO [38] & 11 & 0.54917 & & \\  & 61 & 1.7458 & 69.46 & 69.13 \\  & 21 & 0.35254 & & \\ \hline AOA & 11 & 0.5716 & & \\  & 61 & 1.7199 & 69.43 & 69.14 \\  & 21 & 0.341 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: The results of optimum DGs allocation for IEEE 69-bus system. * **Scenario III:** Installation of DGs and CBs simultaneously  
In this scenario, the optimum placements and sizes of DGs and CBs are optimized simultaneously, and the obtained results are presented in Table 9. Both DGs and CBs are placed in buses 61, 11, and 21. The capacities of DGs are determined as 1651.1 kW, 521 kW, and 334 kW, and the capacities of CBs are determined as 1282 kV, 414 kVAR, and 234 kVAR, respectively. Thus, the total power loss of the IEEE 69-bus system has been decreased to 4.6243 kW by reducing 97.94%. * **Scenario IV:** Installation of DGs at the optimal power factor  
The optimum power factors of the DGs are determined in addition to the optimal location and capacity in this scenario. According to AOA, the placements of DGs are found on 11, 21, and 61 buses. DGs are placed in determined buses at 453 kW, 349 kW, and 1706.4 kW capacities, and 0.7071, 0.8342, and 0.8290 p.f, respectively. When all scenarios are compared, the best reduction in power loss is obtained in this scenario.