## 1 Introduction
[PERSON], [PERSON] [32] used different palm biodiesel concentrations in diesel using a KIRLOSKAR TV-1 diesel engine. During the test, the engine's load was changed from 20% to 100% at a constant engine speed of 800 rpm. The BSFC for palm biodiesel and pure diesel was found to be0.315 and 0.2755 kg/kWh, respectively, at full load conditions. Biodiesel blends, B25, B50 and B75, showed a slightly higher BSFC of 2.6%, 8.9% and 9.3%, respectively, than pure diesel. [PERSON], [PERSON] [33] used _Calophyllum inophyllum_ biodiesel in their study to examine engine performance and the emission characteristics of a CI engine. According to their experimental results, the B10 blend showed a slight improvement in BTE as compared to diesel. However, EGT and BSFC were lower for this blend. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [34] reported on the performance and emission characteristics of neat SOME at different engine speeds and loads. Resultantly, BSFC increased while BP, BTE, and torque were decreased as compared to diesel. For emissions, NOx was reduced, but CO and CO2 were increased. [PERSON], [PERSON] [35] experimented using COME to monitor the performance and emission characteristics of a four-stroke two cylinders CI engine. The results suggested that BSFC of 10% COME blended fuel showed no significant increment, but further increasing biodiesel concentration in diesel fuel caused a slight increase in the BSFC, up to 2.3% compared to pure diesel. For emissions, CO emission was reduced for all percentage ratios of blended fuels, while similar trends were observed for NOx emission from the B10 blend and pure diesel. However, an increasing percentage of COME in blended fuel increased the NOx emission. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [36] explored the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Karanja oil methyl ester blended fuel (10%, 20%, and 50%). With regard to the engine performance, BSFC and EGT increased while BTE decreased as compared to diesel fuel. A significant reduction in HC and smoke opacity was observed with a slightly escalation in NOx emissions as compared to high-speed diesel. Both B10 and B20 blends delivered almost the same performance and emission characteristics. _Moringa oleifera Lamarck_ is a member of the Moringaceae family, a tropical plant that is easy to disseminate and grows to a height of around 5 m-10 m. It is widely grown in tropical countries and is mainly distributed in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Africa, South America, Arabic countries, the Philippines, Thailand, and Malaysia. The seeds of _Moringa oleifera_ contain 40% of oil by weight, and the oil produced is a golden yellow color [37]. Several researchers have reported that _Moringa oleifera_ oil contains a high oleic acid volume, that is, approximately 70% of the total fatty acid summary [38]. Compared to other feedstocks, _Moringa oleifera_ oil is from a non-edible source, which gives it good potential for conversion into biodiesel without affecting food industries [39]. [PERSON] et al. [40] have discussed blended Morning oleifera methyl ester (B20 and B100) and analyzed the engine performance and emission characteristics using a direct injection CI engine at full load conditions. The performance results show that the brake thermal efficiency of Moringa oleifera blended fuel decreased compared to standard diesel fuel due to its high viscosity and density, as well as the lower calorific value of the blended fuel. The emission results show that Moringa oleifera blended fuel produces lower CO, HC NOx, and PM than regular diesel fuel. The current energy emergency has negatively affected the worldwide economy. The economies of numerous non-industrial nations have become uncompetitive because of the lack of usable energy. The present study is an effort to reduce the consumption of conventional fossil fuels. Moringa oil is derived from the seeds of Moringa oleifera, a small tree local to the mountains that can be used to prepare biodiesel via the transesterification process.