# Beacon-Based Hybrid Routing Protocol for Large-Scale Unmanned Vehicle Ad Hoc Network
## 1 Introduction
Literature [13] proposed a service-based multipath routing protocol; this protocol was based on the quality of service (QoS) requirements of various services, considering hop count, average connection, and minimum bandwidth as comprehensive reference conditions, and the optimal path based on the QoS requirements of this service was selected. The routing protocols in the above studies mainly reduced the routing cost to a certain extent. However, the broadcast mode was used to discover routes and maintain routing tables. As the number of network nodes increased, the network maintenance load increased  
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of large-scale unmanned vehicle networking. exponentially. Therefore, it was difficult to support large-scale networks. In the multi-unmanned vehicle network, with each unmanned vehicle as a node, the task required strong mobility performance, resulting in the network topology changing dramatically. The node moving speed was fast, therefore data transmission had strong interference, and the communication link stability and reliability were low. As shown in Figure 2, the original 0-1-2-3 path was interrupted due to node movement and a new 0-4-3 path was generated. However, the routing protocol in the above literature could not actively perceive the change of routing path. When the path failed, the failed path was still used for communication or repeated routing path finding, which eventually led to data loss and seriously affected the communication quality. Based on the above analysis, a more efficient beacon-based hybrid routing protocol was proposed for the LUVN scenarios. In this protocol, a periodic beacon pulse was used to actively discover and maintain the path tree of the node, and the path was built from the source node to the destination on demand. At the same time, active paths were maintained under the guidance of periodic beacon pulses, so as to reduce the cost of routing protocols and improve the stability and reliability of routing network paths. An NS3 platform was used to build a dynamic service data simulation environment to verify the network performance. The simulation results showed that this protocol can solve the problems of path failure, repeated path finding, and excessive cost in route maintenance when using traditional AODV and DSDV routing protocols, which effectively improved the stability and reliability of the network. The protocol was more suitable for future AI battlefield LUVN scenarios. The major contributions of this paper follow:  
* In this protocol, a periodic beacon pulse was used to actively discover and maintain the path tree of the node, and the path was built from the source node to the destination on demand, which reduced the cost of routing protocols. * Active paths were maintained under the guidance of periodic beacon pulses, so as to improve the stability and reliability of routing network paths. * In the beacon-based hybrid routing protocol for LUVAN, a pulse cycle was the basic unit. A pulse cycle was divided into four phases, each of which was executed in a fixed time and the cost controlled by the routing protocol was only related to the time allocated in the first three phases. This paper is organized as follows:  
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of node path changes. * In Section 1, the implementation method of beacon-based hybrid routing protocol is introduced. * In Section 2, the effectiveness of beacon-based hybrid routing protocol is analyzed. * In Section 3, an NS3 network simulation platform is used to compare and analyze the performance of beacon-based hybrid routing protocol, DSDV protocol and AODV protocol. * Finally, the conclusion of this paper is in Section 4.