## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, energy consumption has been increasing, with buildings accounting for 20-40% of total energy consumption [1]. To reduce energy dependency and the impact of energy consumption, the development of \"passive\" energy buildings should be promoted [2]. Solar chimneys are attracting attention as a new, energy-efficient way to ventilate buildings. The use of solar chimneys will help to enhance ventilation [3, 4], reduce energy consumption for building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning [5], save energy, and reduce building carbon emissions, among other things [6]. Solar energy is currently one of the most commonly used renewable energy sources. Solar chimneys use solar radiation to heat the air inside the chimney, providing buoyancy to the air and facilitating air flow through the chimney system. The simple structure of the solar chimney is mainly composed of a glass cover plate, heat collection wall, and air entrance and exit. To better promote indoor air flow, a combination of vertical and inclined solar chimneys is often used to increase the ability of the solar chimney to induce air [7, 8, 9]. The ventilation performance of a solar chimney is mainly influenced by its own structure and environmental conditions. Studies have shown that buildings with solar chimneys consume 10-20% less energy per day on average for air conditioning and can save up to 30% in running costs compared to a normal room [10]. [PERSON] [11] takes a solar chimney in a warm temperate monsoon climate in Xi'an with an average summer temperature of 28 \({}^{\circ}\)C and a width-to-height ratio between 0.1 and 0.5 as the subject of his study and studied the induced air flow characteristics of air temperature distribution, wind speed distribution, and countercurrent phenomenon through experimental and theoretical analysis. The results show that the distribution of induced air temperature and air velocity is highly uneven, with an optimum chimney width-to-height ratio of 0.4. [PERSON] [12] studied the effect of different heights of solar chimneys with domed roofs and different inlet locations on the ventilation in the room, showing that the best overall ventilation performance of the passageway was achieved at a height of 0.7 m and an inlet in the lower part of the room. [PERSON] [13] investigated the ventilation performance and thermal performance of four inlet shapes of vertical solar chimneys: horizontal, triangular, trapezoidal, and rounded angles by means of numerical simulations and showed that a solar chimney with a triangular inlet shape produces higher efficiency when used as a natural draft. He [14] investigated the enhancement of ventilation efficiency by inserting glass panels into the chimney channels to increase the thermal boundary layer by constructing an experimental model of a solar chimney 1.2 m high, 0.4 m wide, and 0.5 m deep. The results show that the insertion of plain glass panels in the chimney channel increases the chimney flow rate by 5% to 9% and that increasing the number of thermal boundary layers benefits the thermal efficiency of the chimney. [PERSON] [15] carried out a numerical analysis of the ventilation performance of a combined tilted and vertical solar chimney and compared it with a vertical and tilted solar chimney to discuss the feasibility of different modes of operation and the effectiveness of ventilation under different environmental conditions. The results show that combined solar chimneys provide better ventilation than vertical and inclined solar chimneys and can avoid overheating problems. [PERSON] [16] conducted an experimental study of wind speed and direction on solar chimneys and found that the airflow rate at the exit of the solar chimney was mainly influenced by the outdoor wind speed and direction, with the volume flow rate at the exit of the chimney increasing significantly even at low speeds.