# Blockchain Technology for Secure Communication and Formation Control in Smart Drone Swarms
## 3 Background
### Motivation
The collected data also provide useful inputs for optimization algorithms that improve swarm synchronization, path planning, and obstacle avoidance. Real-time updates and security features ensure that the data are up to date and protected against manipulation, improving trust and enabling adaptive reactions to changing situations. By utilizing smart contracts to set and enforce rules and behaviors, the use of blockchain technology in drone swarms promotes trust among swarm members. These self-executing contracts give each drone in the swarm a defined set of guidelines for behavior and regulating activities like coordination, data sharing, and navigation. This method's transparency and decentralization, which allow all swarm members to access and independently check the same set of rules without the need for a centralized authority, make it particularly effective at fostering confidence. Consensus techniques provide community validation and agreement on these norms, lowering the possibility of malevolent behavior from individual drones. In situations like search and rescue, surveillance, or emergency reactions, expedited cooperation, predictability, and unanimity in observing defined norms are crucial for effective joint actions that eventually result in the accomplishment of a mission. Additionally, the blockchain's immutability protects the integrity of the rules, fostering a secure environment within the swarm. In situations involving drones from multiple parties, such as defense and public safety, during crisis management, blockchain technology can play a crucial role in improving coordination and communication between various government agencies. By immutably storing drone-collected data on the blockchain, it guarantees data security and integrity, rendering it trustworthy and tamper-proof. Smart contracts streamline drone operations by managing access control, designating no-fly zones, and standardizing communication protocols. The blockchain's shared platform enables interoperability among drones made by different manufacturers, and supply chain management gains from tracking drone availability, maintenance, and location, with smart contracts handling deployment and tracking [29]. Decentralized identity storage and access control are provided, streamlining identity and access management. All drone-related operations are transparent and accountable thanks to immutable audit trails, and security and privacy are guaranteed through fine-grained data sharing. In addition to facilitating public-private partnerships, regulatory compliance, and partnership management, the blockchain's cryptographic security is essential for safeguarding sensitive government operations. As a result, the effectiveness and accountability of drone operations in crisis management are maximized. Lastly, blockchain technology has the potential to significantly improve the ability of aviation authorities to enforce drone laws, including the use of geo-fencing [30]. Aviation authorities may provide a safe and open platform for monitoring and enforcing airspace limitations by integrating blockchains into drone management systems. By comparing real-time drone GPS data with pre-defined geographic boundaries stored on the blockchain, smart contracts can be used to autonomously enforce no-fly zones and height restrictions, making sure that drones do not trespass into prohibited areas. In addition to improving safety, this blockchain-based solution offers an unchangeable record of compliance, allowing aviation authorities to carry out regulatory audits, investigations, and post-incident analysis. Additionally, it enables the dynamic updating of airspace limits through the seamless integration of real-time data from numerous sources, such as weather and air traffic data. By supporting responsible drone use and reducing security threats in the airspace, the blockchain's decentralized and cryptographic security features secure data integrity and improve confidence between aviation authorities and drone operators.