# Partial Discharge Wideband Full-Band High-Gain Resonant Cavity UHF Sensor Research
###### Abstract  
To meet the real demand for broadband full-band high-gain antenna sensors in the process of partial discharge (PD) Ultra-High frequency (UHF) detection test and online monitoring of power equipment, this paper builds a resonant cavity monopole UHF antenna sensor based on Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna technology, conducts the sensor Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) optimization study using curved flow technology, conducts the sensor gain optimization study using slot dual resonant structure, and, finally, tests the sensor performance using the built PD detection test platform. The resonant cavity monopole antenna exhibits outstanding VSWR performance in the frequency range of 0.37 GHz\(\sim\)3 GHz, according to simulation and test data: the average gain in the frequency range of 0.3 GHz-3 GHz is 4.92 dBi, and the highest gain at the primary resonant frequency of 1.0 GHz is 7.16 dBi, with good radiation performance over the whole frequency spectrum. The electromagnetic pulse signal sensed by the UHF sensor developed in this paper can demonstrate the energy spectrum distribution characteristics of PD radiation electromagnetic wave signal more comprehensively, laying a firm technical foundation for thoroughly understanding the electromagnetic wave radiation characteristics of various types of PD insulation defects of various power equipment and the selection of a specific direction for its supporting optimization.  
partial discharge; ultra-high frequency; wide bandwidth; full-band high-gain; Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna +
Footnote †: journal: Sensors  
0000-0002-4000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-00000-0000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-000000-00000-00000-000000-000000-00000-000000-00000-00000-00000-000000-000000-00000 More importantly, although a large number of currently developed UHF sensors meet the requirements of the relevant standards, the volatility between the corresponding sensor performance parameters (VSWR, gain, etc.) at different frequency points or different frequency bands means that the PD high-frequency electromagnetic wave signals obtained from power field PD monitoring or laboratory PD detection cannot fully respond to the PD radiation electromagnetic wave energy spectrum characteristics, and cannot guide the subsequent optimization of UHF sensors for different types of PD detection in diverse power equipment (for example, the back-cavity antenna, which is often used to increase the gain of sensors, is only effective in some frequency bands) [11]; therefore, it is very necessary to research wideband full-band high-gain UHF sensors [12; 13].  
To address the above problems, this paper carries out research on the design of broadband high-gain monopole UHF antenna based on the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna design idea, carries out sensor VSWR optimization using curvilinear flow technique and sensor gain optimization using slot dual resonant structure, and uses High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to optimize and simulate the antenna structure, in the end, the designed antenna is prototyped and the performance of the antenna is tested and analyzed using a vector network analyzer and PD simulation experimental platform.