## 5 Discussion  
Using the MG model proposed in this article to fit the TA profiles allows for precise extraction of their main features, such as extreme depth and amplitude. By setting thresholds on the model parameters, the profiles can be classified and filtered for clearer analysis of spatial patterns. Section 3.1 has already concluded that relying solely on the maximum values of the TA profiles is not entirely accurate. Around more than 40% of the profiles exhibit significant fluctuation curves that are not introduced by the maximum extreme point. For comparison, we identified the depths of the extreme points with the highest amplitude and illustrated the distribution in Figures 12 and 13. Both CEs and AEs were analysed for two typical ranges: 60-80 m and 300-400 m. The spatial distribution of the profiles with maximum extreme points at different depth levels is shown in Figure 14.  
Based on the MG model and the analysis of the spatial distribution of eddies at different depths of extreme temperature anomalies, it is clear that the eddies are spatially aggregated, geographically separated and related to ocean currents. The eddies at lower depths (60-80 m) of extreme temperature anomalies are mainly distributed along the SAC and the STCC. At depths of 100-150 m, the distribution of eddies increases by a band along the NEC. With increasing depth, the distribution of eddies shows a concentration of two bands, one between the STCC and the NEC, the other along the north/south side of the KE, and at depths of 500-600 m, the eddies are distributed along the KE. Abnormal eddies, including ACEs and CWEs, can be easily obtained through the MG model parameter screening. They are typically located near the western boundary of the Bering Sea, along the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japan Trench, with some scattered along the KE and northern region. It is noteworthy that a significant number of ACEs are also found along the NEC, and CWEs are more concentrated in the KE region. Finally, these results provide some possible applications for the analysis of TA profiles of mesoscale eddies, and the application can be extended to other oceanic regions, including the global ocean beyond the Northwest Pacific. 1. The proposed model fits the Argo TA profile well with fewer parameters, reflecting the physical properties of the profile. The method can be used as a reference for downscaling vertical profiles to lower dimensions, making it suitable for processing large amounts of oceanic data and conducting problem analysis and research. 2. The results may also be useful for classifying or clustering eddies in ocean regions, including the NWPO, according to their vertical temperature structure. 3. Furthermore, the model could be employed to analyse the long-term variations in the eddy TA profiles in a specific area. The presence of various types of profiles within a region may affect the results of the averaging/composite analysis, using the MG model. However, the MG model could be used to select a certain type of profile, which would help to obtain precise temporal patterns. However, it needs to be noted that the MG model focuses only on the fluctuating features of the TA profile, while a more accurate model may need refinement for the subsurface layer, which has more complex variations, with further reference to sea surface temperature information. Conceptualization, Y.D. and H.Z. ; methodology, Y.D. and M.Z. ; software, Y.D. and X.C. ; validation, Y.D. ; formal analysis, Y.D. and X.C. ; investigation, Y.D. ; resources, Y.D. and H.Z. ; data curation, Y.D. and X.C. ; writing--original draft preparation, Y.D. ; writing--review and editing, Y.D., H.Z., X.C. and M.Z. ; visualization, Y.D. ; supervision, H.Z. ; project administration, H.Z. ; funding acquisition, Y.D. and H.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 42276179 and 62271459, and Laoshan Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Projects, Grant No.