# Mathematical Models for Named Data Networking Producer Mobility Techniques: A Review
## 3 Recent Mobility Techniques
### Anchorless Technique
Algorithm 3 implements the anchorless approach, which utilizes a routing forwarding mechanism to transport the interest packet. The blue arrow mentions the current request to current FIB while sending interest to Producer before handover process, while red arrow \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Metric** & **Description** \\ \hline \(\mathcal{Q}_{\text{data}}\) & Data packet size (bytes) \\ \(\mathcal{Q}_{\text{Int}}\) & Interest packet size in (bytes) \\ \(\alpha\) & Latency rate between producer and consumer (bytes) \\ \(\varsigma\) & Latency rate between Producer and new location producer’ (bytes) \\ \(\text{Pr}\) & Movement time for producer (ms) \\ \(l_{\text{pn}}\) & Time taken for retransmission (ms) \\ \(Lw\) & Latency rate for wired connection (ms) \\ \(Lucl\) & Latency rate for wireless connection (ms) \\ \(l_{\text{int}}\) & Time transmission for interest packets (ms) \\ \(v\) & Producer velocity (ms) \\ \(l_{\text{up}}\) & Time taken for wireless retransmission (ms) \\ \(e_{\text{Int}}\) & Encapsulation data cache interest packet on FIB (bytes) \\ \(e_{\text{data}}\) & Encapsulation data cache data packets pada FIB (bytes) \\ \(tr\) & Interest tracing between the current FIB and to latest \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Anchorless mobility equation metric. Figure 7: NDN anchorless technique. show the process of requesting latest data packet on latest FIB while handover process done. The goal of sending interest to a neighbor is to disseminate the packet to the corresponding node. Ultimately, the interest packet is relocated to a different position, and the FIB will identify the current interest using the suitable sequence and transmit it to the closest point of attachment. Note that the discovery phase is crucial for identifying the valid next hop, eliminating the need to alert the router. This method ensures that the consumer will securely receive the data packet. ``` Input: Interest Packet with Prefix \(p_{t}\) Process For Consumer Request Output: A packet send to consumer,\(\varsigma_{s}\)
1 if\(\epsilon\leftarrow\) FIB_LPM()
2 return
3 ifIs = [] then
4 ifhas valid Interface (\(\epsilon\),NextHop)then
5 BestRouteForwardingStrategy (I.e)
6 else
7
8\(\quad



delivery of content. An illustration: Emergency response teams utilize NDN to distribute information on disaster situations [83]. Consequently, the use of mobility-based approaches guarantees dependable communication, even in a dynamic setting. Mobile sensors serve as content producers in IoT applications, and mobility-based solutions are crucial for smooth data retrieval. Alternatively, agricultural IoT sensors are installed on mobile drones to gather and distribute crop data. However, examining scalability becomes difficult, particularly for flood-based techniques, as the number of producers and consumers grows. Further investigation is required to enhance the ability to scale up in ever-changing settings. Therefore, utilizing mobility-based solutions may give rise to apprehensions regarding security and privacy. The research topic of guaranteeing secure and confidential communication in situations, such as vehicular networks or disaster response, is paramount. Ensuring uniformity and compatibility in producer mobility approaches is essential for universal acceptance. Research endeavors should prioritize the establishment of standardized methods and mechanisms (Table 6).