## 3 Results
The highest mean frequency values of nuclear abnormalities in buccal epithelial cells were presented in the FC group in relation to the FA group, and the highest frequencies of abnormalities corresponded to total micronucleeli (MNi), condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhesis (KR), and micronucleeli (MN), followed by pyknotic nuclei (PY) and lobulated nuclei (BUD). In the present study, it was observed that for degenerative nuclear changes related to genotoxic damage, such as karyolysis (KL), binucleated cells (BN), and basal cells (CB), there were no significant differences for both groups, as shown in the Figure 2.  
When the sociodemographic characteristics of age, educational level, habits (alcohol consumption and smoking), and personal protection were evaluated with the total micronucleeli (MNi) in both groups using the ordinal logistic regression model (Table 5), they showed a significant association, indicating that the explanatory power is very strong. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups/Results Variables**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**MNi**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Adjusted Odds**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**(95\% CD *)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\) Interact t.*} \\  & & & & & **Ratio [AOR]* & \\ \hline Group FC & & 47 (52.2) & & 1.661 & 1.306–2.112 & \(\leq\)0.001 * \\ Group FA & & 43 (47.8) & & 1 & REF & \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Age} \\ \hline Groups/Results variables & \textless{}46 & 47–59 & 60–72 & 73–84 & Adjusted Odds & \\  & years & years & years & years & Ratio [AOR]* & \\ \hline Group FC & 13 (27.70) & 21 (44.70) & 11 (23.40) & 2 (4.30) & 0.993 & 0.971–1.015 & 0.759 \\ Group FA & 9 (20.90) & 19 (44.20) & 12 (27.90) & 3 (7.00) & 1 & REF & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Total micronucle (MNi) with respect to sociodemographic variables, confounding factors, and personal protection measures of corn producers from the town of Vicente Guerrero in the municipality of Espariña, Tlaxcala, Mexico. Figure 2: Mean frequency (95% confidence intervals) of nuclear anormalities per 1000 cells in each pool (FC = group of conventional farmers; FA = group of farmers using agroecological practices): (**a**) total number of micronucleeli (MNi); (**b**) condensed chromatin (CC); (**c**) karyolysis (KL); (**d**) binu-cleate cell (BN); (**e**) micronucleeli (MN); (**f**) karyorrhexis (KR); (**g**) pyknosis (PY); (**h**) basal cells (BC); (**i**) lobed nuclei (BUD). * Significant statistical differences. *** Highly significant statistical differences. The corn producers of the FC group were twice as likely to have a greater number of total micronucleeli (AOR = 1.661, 95% Cl: 1.306-2.112, \(p\leq 0.001\)); however, the other variables did not present statistical differences according to their categories for each level in comparison (\(p\) = 0.759, 0.659, 0.610, 0.893 for age, educational level, and habits of alcohol consumption and smoking, respectively). The maize producers from the FA group had an 11.60% chance of presenting fewer micronucleeli (AOR = 0.884, 95% Cl: 0.874-0.903, \(p\leq 0.003\)), unlike the FC group. On the other hand, the probability of presenting micronucleeli increased if the corn producers did not use some type of personal protection when applying the pesticides. However, the use of protection measures may be conditioned by inconvenience, ignorance, and the notification of a health risk. The producers expressed difficulty breathing with the use of masks and not having the proper equipment. They also preferred to use alternative materials such as plastic bags to cover their backs and a handkerchief to cover their mouths and noses when they applied pesticides on their plots. In addition, most of the producers interviewed from both groups do not use protective equipment when using pesticides.