# Enhancing Vibration Analysis in Hydraulic Presses: A Case Study Evaluation
## 3 Characteristics of the Proposed Measuring System  
The measurement system was designed to convert the vibrational motion of the object under investigation into readings on the meter or into a form suitable for recording. Sensors were mounted on the object of which vibrations were to be measured. They acted as transducers of the input quantity (vibrations) into an output signal that informed about the measured quantity. Transducers converted mechanical vibrations into another form of mechanical vibrations or into electrical vibrations. The main task of the proposed solution was as follows: to develop a system for measuring the vibrations of a hydraulic press with data acquisition capability and preliminary processing, which featured an Ethernet communication interface. The block diagram of the proposed system is presented in Figure 2.  
Accelerometers measure acceleration, which is the change in velocity over time. Press vibrations are a form of mechanical vibration that can be described as changes in the accelerometer's acceleration over time. Therefore, accelerometers are effective for measuring these vibrations. Accelerometers typically have high sensitivity, meaning they can detect even small changes in acceleration. This is important for measuring even minor press vibrations. For the purposes of the implemented task, the following measurement system has been selected:  
* A three-axis accelerometer from Kistler, model 8763B1K0 AB,
* A data logger capable of recording measurements, Kistler LabAmp (Kistler Holding AG, Winterthur, Switzerland), model 5165A4 KH00,
* A set of measurement cables, model 1784B10K03. The Kistler 1000 g Ceramic Shear Triaxial Accelerometer (Kistler Holding AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) with IPE Output is an advanced acceleration sensor designed for the precise measurement of accelerations on three axes: \(x\), \(y\), and \(z\). It is a product offered by Kistler, a reputable manufacturer of high-quality sensors and measurement systems. This sensor utilizes ceramic technology for acceleration measurement. Ceramic acceleration sensors are known for their reliability, durability, and stability over a wide temperature range. They also exhibit high resistance to external disturbances such as vibrations and electromagnetic interference. Detailed technical specifications of the sensor are presented in Table 2.  
The Kistler LabAmp is a dynamic charge amplifier designed for laboratory applications, manufactured by Kistler. It is an advanced device that enables precise amplification and measurement of charge signals originating from sensors such as accelerometers. Figure 2: The block diagram of the mechanical vibration measurement system. LabAmp offers many advanced features that ensure high-quality measurements. It has a wide frequency range, allowing the measurement of both sudden, dynamic phenomena and long-term processes. The amplifier is also equipped with filtering functions, which enable the elimination of disturbances and the extraction of relevant signals. The device also offers the ability to configure various settings, such as gain, measurement range, and integration time, to adapt to specific measurement requirements. Additionally, LabAmp features a user interface that allows convenient control and monitoring of measurement parameters. Detailed specifications of the amplifier are presented in Table 3.  
The complete configuration of the measurement setup was performed using the KiStudio Lab Software Package. This software enables the recording of measured signals and their processing after measurements are completed (in offline mode). It is an advanced tool that allows users to conveniently manage, control, and analyze data from Kistler sensors and measurement devices. The KiStudio Lab environment provides an intuitive user interface, facilitating the easy configuration and control of connected measurement devices. Users can create their own measurement setups, define measurement parameters such as ranges, sampling times, and filters, or select measurement channels.