## 7 Conclusions
The thermal activation and CO\({}_{2}\) activation of RP have a limited impact on the mineral composition of the mixtures. * 22. As RP is involved and RP content increases, porosity increases. The presence of more RP content results in a proportional increase in the pore size and pore volume and an increase in the percentage of larger pores. High fineness of RP can enhance the hydration reaction of cement paste and increase the density of concrete by filling the pores. * 23. Thermal activation (up to 800 \({}^{\circ}\)C), CO\({}_{2}\) activation, mineral admixtures, SCMs and nano material incorporation, and alkaline environment enhance the pore structure of the RP blended cementitious matrices. * 24. The addition of RP, the addition of nano materials, and thermal activation (up to 900 \({}^{\circ}\)C) result in a substantial decrease in workability, due to porous and uneven microstructure, the high specific surface area of fine particles, elevated initial hydration heat in the mixture because of the increased RP content, and the elevated water absorption of RP. * 25. Using an optimal combination of SCMs and CO\({}_{2}\) activation enhances the workability of the mix. * 26. The inclusion of RP has a dual effect on the setting time. On one side, the inclusion of RP reduces the quantity of hydration products in the mix, thereby prolonging the setting time. Conversely, RP particles function as nuclei for crystallization, thus facilitating the formation of hydration products and reducing the time it takes for the material to crystallize. * 27. Chemical activation and thermal activation (up to 900 \({}^{\circ}\)C) reduce the setting time (initial and final). On the other hand, CO\({}_{2}\) activation causes an increase in the setting time. * 28. The incorporation of RP leads to an increase in air content due to the higher level of the porosity of the adhering mortar and to a more irregular form compared to the PC particles. * 29. As the incorporation of untreated RP or thermally activated RP increases, water demand increases due to the irregular shape, rough surface, micro pores, and the fineness of RP. * 30. The incorporation of SCMs and CO\({}_{2}\) activation reduces the water demand. * 31. The inclusion of RP results in a significant increase in viscosity due to the rough and irregular morphology of the particles. The incorporation of SCMs also increases viscosity. * 32. As the substitution rate of RP increases, fresh density decreases marginally, due to the irregular nature, porosity, and low density of RP. Conceptualization, K.K., S.C. and J.A. ; methodology, K.K. ; validation, K.K., S.C. and J.A. ; formal analysis, K.K. ; investigation, K.K. ; resources, K.K., S.C. and J.A. ; data curation, K.K. and S.C.; writing--original draft preparation, K.K. ; writing--review and editing, K.K., S.C. and J.A. ; visualization, K.K. and S.C.; supervision, S.C. and J.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by Fundacao Para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT)/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&D Unit Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction (CTAC), reference UIDB/04047/2020, and under the University of Minho Programme to Stimulate Institutional Scientific Employment, reference CEECINST/00156/2018. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.