## 3 Results and Discussion
### The PE Characteristics during Wavelength (Photon Energy) Scan Against Scratching Environments  
The PE intensity during the light wavelength scan in the range of 300\(-\)200 nm was measured at 25, 200, and 339 \({}^{\circ}\)C using a new sample. The wavelength scan was conducted twice at each temperature. The PE characteristics of the electron photoemission probability, \(\alpha A\), the total number of emitted electrons, \(N_{\mathrm{T}}\), and \(\phi\), and their activation energies \(\Delta E_{\alpha\mathrm{A}}\), \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{NT}}\), and \(\Delta E_{\phi}\) were obtained for each scan, and the average values of these characteristics for the two scans were employed. The PE data were fixed to [PERSON]'s approximate equation for PE quantum yields (emitted electrons/photon), \(Y_{\mathrm{FD}}=\alpha A(E_{\mathrm{P}}-\phi)^{2}/2k_{\mathrm{B}}{}^{2}\) (Equation (4)), where \(\alpha A\) is the electron photoemission probability, \(A\) is identical to the Richardson constant, \(E_{\mathrm{P}}\) is the incident photon energy \(h\
u\), and \(\phi\) is the photothreshold. The mean values of the PE characteristics obtained from the two scans were given in Reference [7]. In Figures 11 and 12, we plotted the average of the \(\alpha A\) and \(N_{\mathrm{T}}\) values, and the \(\Delta E_{\alpha\mathrm{A}}\) and \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{NT}}\) values against the environments, respectively. In Figure 11a, the \(\alpha A\) values for each environment greatly increased with increasing temperature from 25 to 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and slightly increased from 200 to 339 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Regarding the dependence of the \(\alpha A\) values on the environments, the \(\alpha A\) level at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C was nearly constant, but the \(\alpha A\) values at 200 and 339 \({}^{\circ}\)C tended to increase slightly as the environment was shifted to the right, with a depression at 339 \({}^{\circ}\)C for cyclohexane, water, and methanol. In Figure 11b, the \(N_{\mathrm{T}}\) values greatly increased with temperature from 25 to 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C and slightly increased from 200 to 339 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The values at 200 and 339 \({}^{\circ}\)C gradually increased as the environment was shifted to the right. This behavior was almost the same as the \(\alpha A\) values. Figure 11: Dependence of the average electron photoemission probability, \(\alpha A\) (**a**), and the total number of emitted electrons, \(N_{\mathrm{T}}\) (**b**), obtained from the PE measurement during the wavelength scan at 25, 200, and 339\({}^{\circ}\)C for real iron surfaces on the scratching environments: (1) air, (2) benzene, (3) cyclohexane, (4) water, (5) methanol, (6) ethanol, and (7) acetone. Figure 12 shows the plots of the values of \(\Delta E_{\alpha\mathrm{A}}\) and \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{NT}}\) against the environments. The \(\Delta E_{\alpha\mathrm{A}}\) was in the range 0.113-0.074 eV, and the \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{NT}}\) was in the range 0.088-0.053 eV. It is seen that \(\Delta E_{\alpha\mathrm{A}}\) and \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{NT}}\) tended to slightly increase as the environment was shifted to the right. Surprisingly, it was found that, in contrast with the environment dependence of \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{AuP1}}\) and \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{AuP2}}\) during the temperature scan (Figure 8), the environment dependence of \(\Delta E_{\alpha\mathrm{A}}\) and \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{NT}}\) obtained from the wavelength scan had a completely opposite tendency. We propose that this difference can be explained as a result of the interaction between the environment molecule and the surface oxygen species being predominant during the temperature scan. Here, regarding the experimental result of the temperature dependence of \(\alpha A\), we introduce the result by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11]. The authors obtained the values of the dimensionless probability parameter, \(\alpha\), as a function of temperature from room temperature to 760 \({}^{\circ}\)C in the photoelectric emission from nickel over a wavelength range from 225 to 253 nm.