## 1 Introduction  
According to a report from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, in 2021, 38% of worldwide energy was consumed in residential buildings. Specifically, 58% of residential energy consumption was used for heating and cooling buildings [1]. A thermal energy storage (TES) system is considered an ideal solution to reduce energy consumption in heating or cooling buildings. TES systems hold thermal energy in the form of hot or cold materials for later utilization [2]. TES systems can be classified by how energy is stored: sensible heat, latent heat, and chemical TES systems [2, 3, 4]. Latent heat TES systems can store 5-14 times more energy than sensible heat TES systems [5]. Phase-change materials (PCMs) are well-known TES materials, utilizing both sensible and latent heat to store energy. PCMs are classified according to raw materials: inorganic,organic, and eutectic PCMs. Inorganic PCMs are formed from salt hydrates and metallic alloys [6,7]. Salt hydrate PCMs have a formula of AB-nH\({}_{2}\)O, where AB is a working agent, and its material behavior can be determined from the binary phase diagram of the working agents AB and H\({}_{2}\)O. Additionally, LiClO\({}_{3}\), KF, Mn(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\), LiNO\({}_{3}\), Zn(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\), and CaCl\({}_{2}\) are representative working agents for salt hydrates. The melting temperature of salt hydrate PCMs is increased by increasing the composition of the working agent in the hypereutice region. Compared with organic and eutectic PCMs, low-cost inorganic PCMs have a high latent heat of fusion, high thermal conductivity, small volume change, and narrow phase-change temperature range. However, supercooling is one of the drawbacks of inorganic PCMs, leading to operating temperature delay and phase separation [5,7, 8, 9, 10]. Accurate measurement of thermophysical properties is a prerequisite for the development and application of PCM-based TES systems because operating temperature and latent heat determine the performance of TES systems. In most studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods under heating and cooling rates of 5-10 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min have been employed to measure thermal properties of PCMs, such as melting temperature, solidification temperature, and latent heat [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. Many researchers have proposed the thermophysical properties of single-phase PCMs via DSC measurement. [PERSON] et al. [14] measured the thermophysical properties of a mixture of inorganic PCMs composed of Mg(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\cdot\)6H\({}_{2}\)O and Na\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{3}\cdot\)5H\({}_{2}\)O. The properties were compared for three different weight ratios (70:30, 80:20, and 90:10) of Mg(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\cdot\)6H\({}_{2}\)O and Na\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{3}\cdot\)5H\({}_{2}\)O, and the TES capacity increased with an increase in Mg(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\cdot\)6H\({}_{2}\)O composition. [PERSON] et al. [15] evaluated the thermal performance of n-octadecane micro-encapsulated PCMs using DSC. The latent heat and melting temperature were 160 kJ/kg and 26.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. The PCMs exhibited appropriate thermal energy storage capability over a temperature range between 5 and 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C at heating/cooling rates of 2-10 K/min. [PERSON] et al. [12] investigated the influence of damage on PCMs' thermodynamic properties. The highlighted result was that the damaged PCMs suffered a loss of latent heat of about 12% compared with the nondamaged PCMs. Until now, many researchers have investigated properties of various PCM composites, including graphene, graphite, core shell, and nanocomposites, by DSC [18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]. Supercooling and phase segregation are common issues in inorganic PCMs. They can cause loss of energy storage capacity and delay in phase-change temperature. Therefore, many researchers have studied how to solve these drawbacks. [PERSON] et al. [5] suggested adding a nucleating agent, such as nucleation, which can easily initiate crystal formation. [PERSON] et al.