# Enhancing biogas Plant Efficiency for the Production of Electrical and Thermal Energy
## 1 Introduction  
In response to the depletion of conventional energy sources and the rising demand for energy, efforts are increasingly being made to enhance the availability of renewable energy through the use of biogas produced via anaerobic fermentation [1, 2]. The production of renewable energy from biogas is a beneficial technology, contributing, among other things, to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, inactivation of pathogens, nutrient reuse, and regional/local economic development [3, 4, 5]. The production of biogas is achieved by fermentation of organic substances, in fermenters or digesesters, through the anaerobic digestion from methanogenic bacteria [6, 7]. Raw materials for biogas production can include animal manure, green mass (plants), corn silage, expired food products (if they are hygienically safe), rotten seeds, turnip noodles, molasses, fruit pulp, vegetable and fruit processing residues, seeds, bark, fallen fruit, foodscraps, residues from the beer industry, residues from milk and cheese production, residues from oil production, etc. [6; 8; 9; 10]. The advantages of biogas plants are the following:  
* Biogas plants are very efficient in decomposing or fermenting waste. Instead of consuming energy, they produce it, and that is the reason they are different from all other systems [11; 12];
* In addition to the environmental benefits, the main advantages of biogas plants are the production of biogas and production of biofertilizers [13; 14];
* Additional benefits include production of electricity and heat, production of biomethane, and savings on the capital costs of waste management systems, during the construction of new facilities [15; 16; 17; 18];
* Biogas production prevents methane emissions into the atmosphere, which is the best way to reduce global warming. When we talk about a biogas plant, first of all we are referring to a gas with a large amount of methane in it, which is produced by fermentation of various organic substances [8; 19; 20]. In addition to addressing energy scarcity, the use of biogas technology significantly contributes to environmental protection and sustainable development [21]. Biogas production from organic waste materials not only provides a renewable energy source but also mitigates the environmental impact associated with conventional waste disposal methods. The anaerobic digestion process employed in biogas plants reduces the volume of waste, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and decreases the reliance on fossil fuels [22; 23]. A critical aspect of biogas plant operation is the management of the fermentation process [24; 25]. This involves maintaining optimal conditions for the anaerobic microorganisms responsible for breaking down organic matter. Temperature control is particularly important, as it affects the metabolic activity of methanogens. The digester heating technique analyzed in this study ensures a stable and efficient fermentation process, contributing to consistent biogas yields. The economic benefits of biogas production are also noteworthy. By converting waste into energy and other useful byproducts, biogas plants can generate revenue and reduce waste management costs [26; 27]. This can be particularly beneficial for rural communities, where biogas plants can create local jobs and support economic development. Additionally, the production of renewable energy from biogas can reduce energy costs and enhance energy security, especially in areas with limited access to conventional energy sources [28; 29; 30]. The implementation of biogas technology also aligns with global efforts to combat climate change. By capturing methane emissions from organic waste, biogas plants help reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate mitigation goals. Furthermore, the use of biogas as a renewable energy source supports the transition to a low-carbon economy, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable energy practices [31; 32; 33].