# Correlation between Temporomandibularibular Disorders and
## 4 Discussion
### Association between TMD and Timitus  
[PERSON] et al. (2011) investigated the association between TMD and tinnitus by comparing patients with tinnitus and proven TMJ dysfunction to people with tinnitus but no subjective symptoms of TMJ dysfunction [49]. The results showed that tinnitus patients with TMJ disorder had better hearing function, were younger, experienced tinnitus at a younger age, and were more frequently female. Additionally, their perceived tinnitus loudness was lower, and more of them could modulate their tinnitus by moving their jaw \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Authors** & **Type of Study** & **Study Design** & **Conclusion** \\ \hline  & & & A number of 53 adult & The most frequent \\  & & patients with bilateral or & finding in both \\ [PERSON] et al., 2020 & A comparative & unilateral TMD & groups \\
[53] & study & participated in the study, & (24 individuals with \\  & & & participated in the study, & tinnitus versus \\  & & 30 of whom had tinnitus & 15 without) was \\  & & and 23 of whom did not. & displacement of the \\  & & & articular disc. \\ \hline  & & Treatments used: & \\  & & HD-tDCS over 3 weeks’ & Males improved in \\  & & time in six sessions, & the TRT +CBT group. \\ [PERSON] et al., & & psychological therapies & Females improved in \\
2020 [61] & A retrospective & were provided with a & the HD+DCS \\  & study & TRT +CBT combination & (\(p=0.0009\)) and \\  & & and a maximum of & orofacial therapy \\  & & 18 sessions of orofacial & group. \\  & & therapy in 9 weeks. & \\ \hline  & & & A secondary analysis of a \\  & & clinical study was & TMD-related \\  & & performed in 61 subjects & who received \\  & & with TMD-related & physical treatment, \\  & & tinnitus to determine the & baseline tinnitus \\
2021 [58] & Randomized & clinic trial & efficacy of incorporating \\  & & & service-mandibular \\  & & manual treatment into & threshold (PPT) over \\  & & exercise coupled with an & the temporalis muscle \\  & & education program. & were predictive of \\ \hline  & & TC was used to assess & The study revealed \\  & & 82 patients with & that decreased \\ [PERSON] et al., 2022 & An observational & temporomandibular & glenoid fossa depth \\
[55] & study & disorders (TMD) & may be associated \\  & & (40 patients without & with a higher \\  & & tinnitus and 42 patients & incidence of tinnitus \\  & & with tinnitus). & in TMD patients. \\ \hline  & & Participants were divided & \\  & & into four groups: those & \\  & & with no TMD and no & \\ [PERSON] et al., 2022 [59] & A cross-sectional & tinnitus, those with TMD & \\  & study & but no tinnitus, those & \\  & & with TMD but no & on HRQoL. In the \\  & & tinnitus, and those with & Korean population. \\  & & both TMD and tinnitus. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._or neck. This suggests that TMJ dysfunction might play a causal role in the generation and persistence of tinnitus. Therefore, the treatment of TMJ disorder could be a promising strategy for addressing tinnitus from a causal perspective [49]. In another piece of research conducted by the same authors, individuals with tinnitus and TMD were more likely to be female (with TMD: 54%; without: 33%), significantly younger, and with an earlier onset of tinnitus than those without TMD [49]. In addition, patients with tinnitus and TMD were more often able to mask tinnitus with sounds or music (with TMJ disorder: 85%; without: 74%) and could more often modulate tinnitus with somatic maneuvers (with TMJ disorder: 48%; without: 30%) [14]. [PERSON] et al. (2018) investigated the prevalence of ear-related symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) [1]. The researchers examined medical records of 485 patients at a specialized center and found that 87% of TMD cases reported ontological symptoms, including tinnitus and ear fullness. The study provided evidence supporting the connection between TMD and ontological symptoms, despite the symptoms not being directly caused by the ear [1]. A different study by [PERSON] et al.