## 3 Security and Privacy of Computing Paradigms
### Edge-Related Aspects
#### 3.2.1 Edge Data Security  
Data integrity, confidentiality, and attack detection are the common goal and reasons for data security. It assists in designing an Edge-computing system that is secured. Issues such as information breach and information loss are resolved by outsourcing information under control, non-fixed storage, and sharing responsibility. Data duties are allowed to be carried out securely by customers. Presently, it is still challenging to identify works on Edge Computing security, and privacy since many academics do mostly focus on Cloud paradigms [66], or perhaps Fog paradigm [67]. The major aim of information security in Edge systems is to securely move data and ease the heavy load by creating a shared model with a smoothly operating system. As a result, very acceptable shared information security and lightweight designs are developed for both end-users and remote nodes.  
A key responsibility in safeguarding customers' secrets and upholding the confidence involved, especially at the Edge network, should be rendered, e.g., a digitalized building constructed with many IoT devices, which can be a prime target due to its huge quantity of personal data produced. Therefore, a more regarded approach to protect the privacy of customers and gain their confidence is to make sure that data processing occurs at the Edge network or node of the house [68].  
In addition to aspects detected earlier, the following notable Edge-specific elements should be considered. Note, cloud challenges also generally apply to Edge operation scenarios:  
* Confidentiality, in the case of mobile clients intending to use the services of mobile applications, is always taken seriously, and for this reason, some clients find it difficult to decide whether to use it [69]. The authors of [70] list some shortcomings relating to Edge computing confidentiality, showing a very high risk posed by the providers of services gaining unpermitted passage to classified information. This occurs during data transmission in a distributed or unsecured network later stored and processed in the Edge distributed network. Data security has constantly been breached. Good enough, restricting access today to project confidentiality is achievable due to some newly created mechanisms [71].
* Detecting Attacks: Edge systems can operate smoothly with the assistance of Edge nodes where the Edge applications are located to offer maximum standard services. This ensures that the entire Edge system is free from abnormalities or threats. The Edge node consists of harsh surroundings with an inadequate security guarantee, exposing the Edge nodes to threats. The performance of an Edge system can massively be hindered when the threats from one Edge node are mismanaged and might subsequently extend to another Edge node. Thus, finding a quick solution can be hard because of the weight of the threat that spreads across the Edge nodes. Furthermore, added costs would be incurred to find the baseline reason for the problem, and even recovery might take a while [72]. Therefore, regular checks must be performed to detect any previous potential or imminent attacks.