# Lightning Interferometry with the Long Wavelength Array
## 4 Summary and Discussion
It is very likely that positive leaders propagating at a more typical \(2\times 10^{4}\) m/s will produce much less VHF emission and could even be virtually undetectable. The LWA is capable of even more than what has been shown in this study. Because the antennas are well calibrated, it is possible to examine the spectral content of individual lightning VHF sources. Indeed, determining the spectra of lightning is a prerequisite for many of the more sophisticated deconvolution methods. In addition, the images and maps shown here used only one of the two polarizations recorded by the telescope. The VHF emission of lightning can be polarized [23; 61], and the polarization information contains  
Figure 7: The relationship between the received power and source order. Solid line shows the probability that a source of a given power is the brightest source in the integration window (1 \(\upmu\)s). Dotted line shows the probability that a source of a given power is at least 3 dB brighter than any other sources in the same integration window. important details about the physics of the breakdown process. Finally, the correlator on LWA1 and LWA-SV will soon be upgraded, allowing for more bandwidth to be captured. The number of LWA sites in general is also increasing, thereby increasing the number of lightning flashes that may be observed using LWAs. Conceptualization, M.S., J.T., J.D., G.B.T. and N.L. ; methodology, M.S. and J.T. ; software, M.S. ; formal analysis and investigation, M.S. and J.T. ; resources, J.D. and G.B.T. ; data curation, J.D. and J.T. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.S. ; writing--review and editing, M.S., J.T., J.D., G.B.T. and N.L. ; funding acquisition, J.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA21 OAR4320204, U.S. Department of Commerce, and AFOSR Award FA9550-18-1-0358 to the University of New Hampshire. Supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. Construction of the LWA has been supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-07-C-0147 and by the AFOSR. Support for the operations and continuing development of LWA1 is provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory and the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1835400 and AGS-1708855. Data Availability Statement: The algorithms used to image lightning using LWA data are available at [[https://github.com/mikestock/lwali](https://github.com/mikestock/lwali)]([https://github.com/mikestock/lwali](https://github.com/mikestock/lwali)), accessed on 1 July 2023. The LWA observations for the example flash shown in this study are available at [[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8021798](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8021798)]([https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8021798](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8021798)), accessed on 12 June 2023. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.