## 2 Existing Works  
Pediatric emergencies are of great concern due to the increased vulnerability of children to medication errors. Some studies estimate that approximately 14-31% of pediatric medication errors could cause harm or death. The medication delivery process, which includes prescribing, dispensing, and administration, reveals a concerning prevalence of errors, ranging from 5% to 27% in various studies [2]. In particular, the prescribing stage emerges as the stage with the highest number of errors, including dosage miscalculations, weight-based inaccuracies, improper administration, communication lapses, and knowledge-based errors [1]. To mitigate these risks, strategies such as Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE), BarCode Medication Administration (BCMA), and targeted awareness initiatives for healthcare providers have shown efficacy in reducing dosing and administration errors [2]. [PERSON] et al. introduced a Quality Improvement Project aimed at reducing pediatric emergency prescription errors by standardizing CPOE, improving dosing knowledge, pro viding error feedback, and increasing awareness of prescription pitfalls. Their research resulted in a significant reduction in prescription error rates from 8.6 to 4.5 per 1000 prescriptions for the top 10 error-prone antibiotics [7]. For example, [PERSON] et al. observed a significant decrease in prescribing errors, ranging from 36% to 87%, after the implementation of CPOE alongside Clinical Decision Support (CDS) [8]. [PERSON] et al. [9] observed a 48% reduction in the likelihood of errors following the implementation of CPOE systems. Although CPOE systems enhance the functionality of electronic health records, they do not fully automate the medication administration process. Consequently, further research is necessary to explore the impact of CPOE on order volume, prescribing patterns, and the nature and frequency of errors. It is also crucial to establish connections between errors, adverse events, and patient harm. On the other hand, an integrative review by [PERSON] et al. [9] of medication errors associated with CPOE highlighted several contributing factors, such as selection errors from drop-down menus, absence of drug-dosing alerts, entering orders in the wrong patient's file, and system design flaws, and offered recommendations to address these issues. In emergency departments, BCMA has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating medication administration errors. In a study by [PERSON] et al. [10], pre- and post-BCMA implementation medication administration rates were compared, showing a reduction in error rates to 1.2%, representing a relative reduction of 80.7%. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [11] investigated medication dispensing errors before and after BCMA implementation, finding a substantial relative reduction in target dispensing errors, ranging from 93% to 96%. Although BCMA primarily aids in verification and identification processes, its integration with enhanced administration systems is necessary to achieve greater overall improvements in drug safety. Regular briefings and consistent training of pediatric nurses on safe medication administration have been shown to reduce medication errors [2]. While these studies have shown considerable reductions in medication errors, interventions did not always achieve the desired safety and healthcare outcomes. A prior study on pediatric prehospital drug-dosing errors revealed that the overall medication error rate by Michigan EMS was 34.7% [3]. In response, the state introduced a pediatric dosing reference in 2014, which outlines specific medication doses and volumes for administration. Despite some improvements in error rates for asthma medications, the overall error rate increased to 35.2%. A similar study analyzing the impact of the pediatric dosing reference (PDR) and the requirement for doses to be drawn into smaller preloaded syringes using a stopcock, as well as the dilution of certain drugs to different concentrations, revealed an overall error rate of 31.2% [3].