## 1 Introduction  
With the rapid development of China's animal husbandry industry, the demand for high-quality feed has been steadily increasing. However, the scarcity of natural forage resources and the limited biological yield present significant challenges in meeting the growing demand for roughage in the country's animal husbandry sector [1; 2]. In recent years, rising international prices of corn, soybeans, and other food crops have led to a gradual shift in feed composition, from being entirely food-based to a blend of both food and forage [3]. Corn stover, as an essential source of roughage, has emerged as a key solution to the shortage of feed resources due to its high yield, rich nutritional content, and widespread availability. However, directly feeding corn stover to livestock and poultry without prior treatment often limits its broader application due to its high hardness, poor palatability, and low digestibility [4]. From an academic perspective on silage, processing corn stover through silage fermentation not only enhances its palatability but also effectively preserves its nutritional components. This approach significantly improves the feed's nutritional value and contributes to optimizing livestock production performance [5]. Straw silage refers to the process of converting raw straw into a nutrient-rich, easily preserved, and palatable feed through anaerobic fermentation by microorganisms in a sealed environment [6; 7]. During ensiling, several factors, including the moisture content of the raw materials, temperature and oxygen conditions in the silage environment, and the use of additives, significantly influence microbial metabolic activity and the final quality of the fermented feed [8]. Appropriate silage additives not only promote the growth and proliferation of lactic acid bacteria, accelerating the anaerobic fermentation process, but also inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, thereby improving both the nutritional value and fermentation quality of the silage [9]. The mechanisms of various additives in corn straw silage vary. Some additives enhance feed digestibility by breaking down straw cellulose [10], while others improve silage quality by regulating pH levels in the fermentation environment and suppressing the growth of undesirable microorganisms [11; 12]. Previous research on corn stalk silage has predominantly focused on the selection of additive types, but limited attention has been given to the combined effects of different additives and their dosages on the nutritional quality, fermentation characteristics, and microbial community structure of silage. Additionally, there is a lack of reviews on studies that have investigated similar enzymes and microorganisms, such as _Lactobacillus_ species, used to modify silage quality. Various species of _Lactobacillus_ have been shown to play a vital role in improving silage quality due to their ability to ferment sugars and produce lactic acid, which lowers pH and inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms [13]. Previous studies have shown that _Lactobacillus plantarum_ enhances both the nutritional and fermentation quality of silage by increasing lactic acid production and improving microbial stability [14]. Research on corn stalk silage has predominantly focused on the selection of additive types, while limited attention has been given to the combined effects of different additives and their dosages on the nutritional quality, fermentation characteristics, and microbial community structure of silage. This study employs corn stalks harvested in 2023 as experimental materials to systematically examine the influence of various additives and their dosages on silage quality. Specifically, three additives--_Lactobacillus plantarum_, cellulase, and xylanase--are analyzed across a range of dosages to explore their individualand synergistic effects, as well as the underlying mechanisms driving these interactions.