# Post-Occupancy Evaluation in High-Rise Apartent Buildings in Vietnam
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Method for Evaluating Long-Term Thermal Comfort  
The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and adaptive comfort models are the most recognized methods for evaluating indoor thermal environments. The PMV model, developed by [PERSON] [33], is based on heat balance principles and experimental data collected under steady-state conditions in a controlled climate chamber. This model considers two personal factors (metabolic rate and clothing level) and four environmental factors (air temperature, humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature) to predict the occupants' thermal sensations on a seven-point scale from cold (\(-\)3) to hot (\(+\)3) [34]. The PMV model is suited for mechanically conditioned buildings, while the adaptive model applies to naturally operated buildings. The adaptive model, developed based on extensive field studies, accounts for occupants' dynamic interactions with their environment, such as adjusting clothing, opening windows, and using electric fans [35]. However, there is no consensus on which comfort model is most suitable for mixed-mode buildings, where indoor climate control alternates between natural ventilation and mechanical cooling. This uncertainty is particularly rele \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Instrument** & **Physical Quantity** & **Range** & **Accuracy** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Testo 160 IAO WiFi data logger [30]} & Temperature & 0 to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \(\pm\)0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{2-4}  & Relative humidity & 0 to 100\% & \(\pm\)2.0\% at 20 to 80\% RH \\  & & (non-condensing) & (\(\pm\)3.0\% at the remaining range) \\ \cline{2-4}  & CO\({}_{2}\) concentration & 0 to 5000 ppm & \(\pm\)(50 ppm + 3\% of mv) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Atmospheric pressure & 600 to 1100 mbar & \(\pm\)3 mbar \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Testo 160 IAO WiFi data logger [30]} & Relative humidity & 1 to 100\% & \(\pm\)2\% \\  & Relative humidity & (non-condensing) & \\ \cline{2-4}  & Temperature & \(-\)40 to 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \(\pm\)0.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{2-4}  & Solar radiation & 0 to 1800 W/m\({}^{2}\) & \(\pm\)5\% of the full scale \\ \cline{2-4}  & Wind direction & 0 to 360\({}^{\circ}\) & \(\pm\)3\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Wind speed & 0.5 to 89 m/s & \(\pm\)1 m/s or \(\pm\)5\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Vantage Pro2 [31] & Rainfall & 0 to 999.8 mm & \(\pm\)4\% of total or \(\pm\) 0.2 mm \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Testo 200 kit [32]} & Temperature & 0 to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \(\pm\)0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{2-4}  & Globe temperature & 0 to 120 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \(\pm\)1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{2-4}  & Relative humidity & 5 to 95\% & \(\pm\)2.0\% at 35 to 65\% RH (\(\pm\)3.0\% at the remaining range) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Atmospheric pressure & 700 to 1100 mbar & \(\pm\)3 mbar \\ \cline{2-4}  & Air velocity & 0 to 5 m/s & \(\pm\)(0.03 m/s + 4\% of mv) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: List of instruments. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Point-in-Time Thermal Comfort Survey** & \\ \hline Activity level & reclining, seated, standing relaxed, light activity, medium activity, \\  & high activity \\ Clothing & singlets, t-shirt, long underwater bottom, long underwater top, shirt, \\  & shorts, etc. \\  & ASHRAE 7-point thermal sensation & hot, warm, slightly warm, neutral, slightly cool, cool, cold \\ Moisture sensation & very wet, wet, neutral, dry, very dry \\ Thermal comfort vote & comfortable, slightly uncomfortable, uncomfortable, very uncomfortable \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Overview of point-in-time thermal comfort survey questions. vant, spatially and temporally, for partially air-conditioned buildings, as is the case for the apartment buildings examined in this study. In the latest ASHRAE Standard 55-2020 [34], the applicability of the adaptive model has been expanded to buildings with a mechanical cooling system installed, as long as the system is not in operation.