## 1 Introduction  
The energy share of most islands is highly dependent on imported fossil fuels, which exposes them to volatile oil prices, limits economic development, and degrades local natural resources. On average, 88% of the total electricity demand in small island developing states (SIDS) is met by fossil fuels, while the remaining 12% is supplied primarily by hydropower, followed by wind energy and biomass in lower proportions [1]. As an illustrative example, in the island countries of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), 89.7% of the total installed electricity capacity corresponds to fossil fuel technologies and just 10.2% comes from renewables [2]. Besides this, between the years 2000 and 2015, the average energy intensity (total energy consumption/GDP) in islands has increased by 23.4% with a corresponding emission intensity (total emissions/GDP) increase by 12.4% [3]. This ongoing energy dependence fails to establish a precedent for global action to mitigate the long-term consequences of climate change, which pose a particularly acute threat to islands. From 2010, the number of peer-reviewed publications about renewable energy in islands has nearly tripled, mainly because of the special attention that some intergovernmental organizations(like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) have given to island nations as they recognize islands' vulnerability to climate change [4]. Most studies have focused on variable rather than base renewable energy resources such as biomass. [PERSON] (2018) identified 41 studies published focused on wind, solar, and ocean-based technologies and just 12 studies about bioenergy in small island developing states (SIDS) during the 2010-2017 period [4]. Studies regarding the potential use of alternative biomass feedstocks for energy production in islands are on topics as diverse as biodiesel production on Crete [5], coconut oil electricity generation in the Pacific Islands [6], biogas production from animal waste in Indonesia [7], forest-waste-derived fuel with waste cooking oil in Taiwan [8], biogas from animal manure in the Canary Islands [9], biomass-fueled combined heat and power (CHP) in Aland Islands [10], and perennial tree pruning biomass for electricity generation in Greece [11]. Biomass research in Ecuador has addressed the energy potential of some residues from important agricultural commodities [12; 13; 14; 15]. In addition, liquid and gaseous biofuel potential generation has also being studied by some authors [16; 17; 18; 19]. There are some existing efforts in many SIDS to use biomass to contribute to the decarbonization of their energy matrixes and to reduce their dependence on imported fuels. The use of vegetable oil for electricity generation has been explored mainly by the Pacific Islands. Vanuatu has two 4 MW diesel engines on Efate (the capital) running on a mixture of 30% coconut oil and 70% petroleum, and 15% of the electricity generated comes from coconut oil [20]. The island of Tokelau declared in 2011 its intention to become the world's first 100% renewable country. This is to be achieved by a photovoltaic minigrid on each of the three islands which together would provide 90% of the electricity demand with the remaining 10% to come from coconut oil. Samoa also presents small-scale coconut oil utilization by its power utility [21]. The feasibility of using waste cooking oil (WCO) as an alternative energy feedstock in islands has also been addressed in some research evaluating the potential of biodiesel (via recycled cooking oil) use in Singapore [22] and feasibility of Langkawi waste cooking oil (WCO)-derived biodiesel [23]. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a quantitative methodological framework to assess the environmental performance of products and services throughout their life cycle. LCA has been used with success to assess the environmental sustainability of bioenergy systems [24; 25; 26; 27].