# Artificial Intelligence Implementations on the Blockchain. Use Cases and Future Applications
## 3 Use Cases and Future Applications
### Artificial Intelligence Agents Trained Via Submitted Blockchain Data and Operated on Chain. An artificial intelligence agent (AIA) goes one step further than a trained framework by utilizing the new data in the user's request to advance the neural network forward by a new epoch; in other words, it learns as it works. Fitness is determined when minimal or no other changes are required with any future submitted data. Let us consider an example extended from above. In the recent years, a plethora of authored code in various programming languages has been stored in repositories such as GitHub [33]. Complex algorithmic programming is a time consuming and costly task; a programmer requires a high intellect and years of education, and complex tasks often require many months of collaborating work between several parties. Blockchains can assist in two ways. Firstly, as above, a blockchain can store the code. Secondly, an AIA, encoded on the blockchain, can assist the programmer in many ways: Conversion of code from one language to another, searching for algorithms that match patterns, conformance of requirements or documentation to code and eventually in authoring new algorithms. Using deep learning techniques and big data mining from existing code repositories, this AIA would present a reliable, secure and disruptive technology. AIAs are described in computer science as abstract entities that are able to monitor and evaluate certain parameters through various input sources (i.e., IoT sensors, I/O raw data, databases, ontologies, etc.) towards achieving a rational goal [39; 40]. Their basic role is usually described as that of an actuator, with the simplest implementation of an AIA to be derived from a reflex machine, such as a thermostat, but they can vary from very simple to extremely complex. There are four architectures of AIA to be considered [39]: (a) Logic-based agents (decision of action is derived via logical inference), (b) reactive agents (decision is based in some form of direct mapping from situation to action), (c) belief-desire-intention agents (decision depends upon the manipulation of data structures) and (d) layered architectures (decision is realized via various software layers, each depended on its environment at different levels of abstraction). There are also five classes of AIA to be considered [40]: (a) Simple reflex agents, (b) model-based reflex agents, (c) goal-based agents, (d) utility-based agents and (e) learning agents. All the above AIAs learn from the submission of fresh data, e.g., code from programmers from anywhere in the world, who will be incentivized to post their work on the blockchain, either for gaining revenue, or under a specific license (i.e., Opensource, MIT, etc.). Moreover, a new opportunity emerges through the concept of AIA paying another AIA for services or paying a sensor for data. An example  
Figure 5: Representation of a 2D embedding space with five embedding vectors each representing a different word [38]: Red—queen, blue—king, green—man, black—woman and yellow—oil. is WeatherSV (Figure 6), which offers weather prediction to users in their selected territory by utilizing the data collected by a set of global IoT sensors. The service can be activated for a cost of $5 AUD and delivers hourly reports for about 123 days, based on current fees of Bitcoin SV [41]. The notion of live data feed and immutable storage can form a basis for implementing several other applications such as decentralized logistics, as shown in the work by [PERSON] et al. [42], also as a supply chain for manufacturing, the agricultural sector or even a modern city. A Smart City [43] that uses different types of electronic IoT sensors to collect data and then uses the data to manage assets and resources efficiently can use the blockchain as an immutable record ledger both for integrity, for deep learning and also for historical purposes. For example, Zweispace in Japan now stores the national earthquake sensor data on the blockchain [44].