# Modified 16-Quasi Log Periodic Antenna Array for Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer Detection
## 1 Introduction
The proposed electromagnetic transverse horn antenna which is directional in nature helped to provide the scanning system with a stronger dispersion signal from dielectric phantom. The sensors of the system were in direct contact to the imaging domain and the image quality was improved by applying deconvolution technique. In [21], an UWB biomedical MIS featured a planar antenna array that included 12 tapered slot antenna elements. To extend the dynamic range of the imaging system, the array was immersed in a specially designed matching liquid, whose dielectric constant was in accordance with the dielectric constant of the imaged object. For testing, a suitable platform was designed and built to accommodate the array, phantom, Vector Network Analyzer, switching system, and a coupling liquid medium. Although the platform was built and the experiment was conducted, there was no information regarding the imaging technique and signal processing mechanism. Furthermore, the time domain system as designed in [22] consisted of 20 antenna elements working in range of 100 MHz-3 GHz for medical applications. The system consisted of a waveform generator, power amplifier, clock generator, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and track-and-hold circuit. Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit-based MIS was developed in [23]. A total of 16 UWB sensors were used around the breast phantom along with central master controller. The scattered data was collected by conducting the experiment multiple times and the Delay and Sum algorithm was used to perform the image restoration. As shown in [24], handheld MIS was developed with 16 antenna sensors arranged in a 4 \(\times\) 4 cross shaped fashion. The sensors are controlled by a single-pole-eight-throw (SPST) switching module, and the breast imaging is created by the DAS algorithm. This system is very useful because it is portable; however, the design structure is complex, making it difficult to detect tumor. In [25], 16 modified UWB Vivaldi antenna elements were designed to develop an application for the detection of breast cancer. Eight of the sensors were arranged vertically, with the remaining eight arranged horizontally, around the homogeneous breast phantom. Data from 240 scanned positions was collected, and imaging performance was calculated using MATLAB software. In this paper, a compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed planar log periodic antenna (PLPA) covering operating band of UWB from 2-5 GHz is designed for microwave imaging system. The novelty of the work is the use of quasi log periodic antenna as the sensor element in MIS. A total of 16 antennas are placed around the phantom in a circular manner. The antenna in the imaging system is used as a sensor to send and receive microwave signals to the human body. To make the use of this principle and apply it to a practical microwave imaging system for detecting tumors, an UWB pulse is sent to the suspected area of the target breast phantom using the prototyped transceiver antenna. The signals reflected by backscattering are picked up by the prototyped antenna and then analyzed with a suitable computing system to determine whether or not there is a tumor. The results are presented to verify the operation of the system. Due to features, such as non-ionizing, less expensive, and no side effects, the proposed imaging technique can frequently be used to detect tumors in breast.