###### Abstract  
The true triaxial test can accurately simulate the dynamic and static load superposition environment of deep mining and then reproduce the spatial and temporal evolution process of coal-rock dynamic disasters. This study used a self-developed true triaxial coal-rock dynamic behavior test system to investigate the dynamic failure characteristics and mechanism of coal bursts under different mining-induced stress disturbances. The results show that the perturbation duration of the coal samples under quasi-static load decreases with the increase of the disturbance rate, and the perturbation stress level increases first and then decreases. The coal samples can accumulate higher strain energy and show progressive and dynamic failure. The perturbation duration and stress peak of the coal sample under the cycle load decreased with the increase of the cycle amplitude and frequency, and the coal sample first spalled off on the free surface. The damage then developed internally until the coal burst. The perturbation duration and stress peak of coal samples decrease with the increase of transient stress and the perturbation stress levels. The dynamic failure process of coal samples is straightforward, and the strength of coal burst is violent and is more difficult to predict. The conclusions obtained help to deepen the understanding of the triggering mechanism of coal bursts. coal burst; mining-induced stress; engineering disturbed; true triaxial test; dynamic failure characteristics +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
has been one of the essential topics in the field of accurate monitoring and prevention of coal bursts. The most intuitive manifestation of mining stress disturbance to coal-rock mass is the deformation and failure of coal around the mining space [11], such as roof subsidence, floor heave, surrounding rock shrinks, etc. Researchers have conducted extensive research on the physical and mechanical characteristics of coal-rock masses under different mining-induced stress disturbances, including deformation behavior [12], strength characteristics [13], mesoscopic structure [14], and permeability characteristics [15]. [PERSON] et al. [16] performed a series of laboratory tests on different damage degree rock mass, i.e., broken rock samples (caving zone), fracture coal samples (fracture zone and swelling deformation zone), and raw coal samples (original zone), to obtain permeability models for different damage zones surrounding the longwall face. [PERSON] et al. proposed in situ experiments and three-dimensional numerical simulation and obtained coal's stress evolution and deformation characteristics under the mining stress path [17]. To study the effect of mining-induced stress on coal mining, [PERSON] et al. experimentally evaluated the mechanical properties, acoustic emission characteristics, and energy evolution of coal masses [18]. [PERSON] et al. described the unloading mechanisms of brittle rock under different stress paths in two dimensions using the universal discrete element code PFC2D for numerical simulations [19]. [PERSON] et al. analyzed the discontinuous solutions focused on quantitatively determining the radial and tangential stresses surrounding the roadways, the analytical values of the abutment pressure, and the horizontal stress ahead of the working face and their distributions [20]. The traditional theoretical design, analysis, and processing are widely used in deep rock engineering. The complex dynamic disturbance problems are often treated statically, which often causes stability and safety problems, and even leads to significant disasters. Mining disturbance is the unloading effect of mining activities on coal-rock mass in deep high-stress areas, manifested as a response of coal-rock mass from the original rock stress state to confining pressure unloading-axial loading state [21]. The static and dynamic responses of coal-rock mass under different stress disturbances are also different, affecting the instability and failure characteristics of coal-rock mass.