# Blind Spot Detection Radar System Design for Safe Driving of Smart Vehicles
###### Abstract  
Recently, there has been extensive research and development in the field of smart cars, including technologies related to autonomous driving. Various industries are actively working towards creating efficient and safe self-driving cars. Sensor technologies are emerging to prevent traffic accidents and support safe driving in complex environments where human perception may be limited. One of the representative technologies being researched is the use of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar. Automobile manufacturers are improving driving safety by equipping cars with Blind Spot Detection (BSD) radar systems that use FMCW technology. As the complexity of driving environments continues to grow, ongoing research is aimed at enhancing the accuracy and reliability of BSD radar technology for detecting blind spots in vehicles. This paper presents the signal processing and tracking algorithms that are the core technologies of the BSD radar, and the design for a BSD radar system. The designed radar system was installed on a vehicle to verify its performance in real-world road environments. The ultimate objective of this research is to design a BSD radar system with high accuracy and reliability in BSD detection using AI technology. In pursuit of this goal, this paper presents the hardware design of the BSD radar system, including antenna and modem designs. FMCW radar; tracking; smart vehicle; blind spot detection (BSD) radar systems; tracking filter +
Footnote †: journal: Applied  
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Footnote 1: email: _Applied_  
Footnote †: journal: Applied  
systems use various technologies, including ACC (Advanced Cruise Control) [6], which uses radar and camera sensors to maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front; FCW (Forward Collision Warning) [7], which uses radar sensors to detect a possible collision with a vehicle or obstacle in front of the car and alerts the driver; LCA (Lane Change Assistant) [8], which uses radar sensors to monitor the blind spots and alerts the driver if there is a potential collision when changing lanes; and RCTA (Rear Cross Traffic Alert) [9], which uses rear radar sensors to detect other vehicles crossing behind the vehicle and alerts the driver while controlling the brakes. To design active safety systems, it is crucial to detect blind spots around the vehicle. The BSD radar is a system that alerts the driver when another vehicle approaches the blind spot of the vehicle. It quickly distinguishes clutter and vehicles in proximity and provides this information to the driver. Therefore, it can be considered a key technology in designing active safety systems. Reference [1] describes the components and essential technologies of S-MaaS for a future transportation system. It also presents the TSM for evaluating the contribution of transportation infrastructure and services to sustainability. References [2,3] provide evidence for the feasibility of S-MaaS through ICT, TSM, DSS, and ITS technologies. Reference [4] explains various technologies for autonomous driving. To ensure accurate detection of the surrounding situation while driving, this paper focuses on designing a BSD radar system as a technology related to S-MaaS. The critical technologies for designing the BSD radar include signal processing [10] and tracking technology [11]. In particular, the road environment requires tracking of multiple targets. BSD radar is a technology that interprets Range, Velocity, and Angle through the received signal when the transmitted signal collides with an object. References [12,13] explain the FMCW radar principle and algorithm that can detect objects by continuously transmitting signals and reflecting signals. References [14,15] explain the pre-existing technology for detecting stationary and moving targets, which is a fundamental function of the BSD radar system.