## 3 Results and Discussion
### Evaluation of Volatile Aroma Compounds
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Volatile** & **Young/Aged** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Treatments**} \\ \cline{3-6}
**Compounds** & **Wine** & **TM7** & **TM10** & **TM21** & **TPHT** \\ \hline Monoterpenes & & & & & \\ Limonene & Y & 1.03 \(\pm\) 0.12 2* & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.04 ** & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.06 b* \\ Limonene & A & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.02 b & 0.62 \(\pm\) 0.14 ** & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.10 b \\ \(\beta\)-pinene & Y & 2.17 \(\pm\) 0.24 a* & 2.17 \(\pm\) 0.16 a* & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.04 b* \\  & A & 0.62 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.03 c & 1.37 \(\pm\) 0.20 a* & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.07 c \\  & Y & 25.28 \(\pm\) 1.18 a* & 24.01 \(\pm\) 0.95 a* & 5.22 \(\pm\) 0.76 b & 4.94 \(\pm\) 0.73 b \\  & A & 18.24 \(\pm\) 0.45 a & 3.56 \(\pm\) 0.25 c & 14.08 \(\pm\) 1.04 b* & 14.09 \(\pm\) 0.62 b* \\
4-Terpineol & Y & 5.07 \(\pm\) 0.18 a* & 4.36 \(\pm\) 0.8 a & 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 1.07 \(\pm\) 0.17 b \\  & A & 4.16 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 4.40 \(\pm\) 0.17 a & 2.84 \(\pm\) 0.38 b* & 1.34 \(\pm\) 0.15 c \\ \(\alpha\)-Terpineol & Y & 28.32 \(\pm\) 2.66 a* & 28.15 \(\pm\) 2.46 a* & 4.64 \(\pm\) 0.42 b & 6.10 \(\pm\) 0.39 b \\  & A & 8.88 \(\pm\) 0.98 b & 9.12 \(\pm\) 0.52 b & 20.41 \(\pm\) 1.41 a* & 9.86 \(\pm\) 1.08 b* \\  & Y & 16.02 \(\pm\) 0.76 a* & 13.96 \(\pm\) 1.45 b* & 7.07 \(\pm\) 0.46 c & 4.99 \(\pm\) 0.60 d* \\ Citronellol & A & 7.70 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 3.24 \(\pm\) 0.08 b & 7.64 \(\pm\) 0.76 a & 3.02 \(\pm\) 0.13 b \\  & Y & 3.47 \(\pm\) 0.33 a & 1.62 \(\pm\) 0.26 c & 2.59 \(\pm\) 0.28 b & 1.58 \(\pm\) 0.33 c \\ Geraniol & A & 3.49 \(\pm\) 0.23 b & 2.12 \(\pm\) 0.18 c & 7.46 \(\pm\) 0.77 a* & 1.64 \(\pm\) 0.43 c \\ Geranyl acetone & Y & 6.80 \(\pm\) 0.51 a* & 4.58 \(\pm\) 0.49 b* & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.19 c & 1.07 \(\pm\) 0.15 c* \\  & A & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.14 b & 0.80 \(\pm\) 0.18 b & 2.44 \(\pm\) 0.48 a* & 0.56 \(\pm\) 0.17 b \\  & Y & 2.23 \(\pm\) 0.17 a* & 1.42 \(\pm\) 0.09 b* & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.06 c & 0.48 \(\pm\) 0.10 c* \\  & A & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & 1.37 \(\pm\) 0.27 a* & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.09 c \\  & Y & 1.65 \(\pm\) 0.16 a* & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.05 b* & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.03 d & 0.52 \(\pm\) 0.07 c* \\  & A & 0.90 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.01 b* & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.10 d \\  & Y & 62.96 \(\pm\) 3.86 a* & 41.79 \(\pm\) 2.11 b* & 8.37 \(\pm\) 0.73 c & 10.68 \(\pm\) 1.73 c* \\  & A & 11.55 \(\pm\) 1.28 b* & 8.65 \(\pm\) 1.06 b & 23.89 \(\pm\) 3.05 a* & 2.20 \(\pm\) 1.63 c \\  & Y & 4.05 \(\pm\) 0.70 a* & 3.98 \(\pm\) 0.76 a* & 0.57 \(\pm\) 0.07 b & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.14 b* \\  & A & 2.28 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.07 c & 1.04 \(\pm\) 0.07 b* & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.12 d \\  & Y & 159.1 \(\pm\) 9.3 a* & 128.2 \(\pm\) 6.4 b* & 31.68 \(\pm\) 2.70 c & 33.01 \(\pm\) 4.24 c \\ Total monoterpenes & A & 59.80 \(\pm\) 1.60 b & 34.00 \(\pm\) 2.29 c & 83.89 \(\pm\) 7.96 a* & 33.43 \(\pm\) 3.08 c \\ C\({}_{13}\)-norisoprenoids & & & & & \\ Vitispirane I & Y & 8.43 \(\pm\) 0.42 a* & 6.12 \(\pm\) 0.45 b* & 1.96 \(\pm\) 0.15 d & 2.59 \(\pm\) 0.16 c* \\  & A & 2.30 \(\pm\) 0.23 b & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.07 c & 3.74 \(\pm\) 1.12 a & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.25 c \\  & Y & 2.98 \(\pm\) 0.58 b* & 4.32 \(\pm\) 0.18 a* & 1.25 \(\pm\) 0.19 c & 1.49 \(\pm\) 0.12 c* \\  & A & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.07 b & 1.86 \(\pm\) 1.46 a & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.17 b \\ Actinidol ethyl ether I & Y & n.d. & n.d. & n.d. & n.d. \\  & A & 80.49 \(\pm\) 0.96 a & 77.05 \(\pm\) 4.35 ab & 68.80 \(\pm\) 5.68 b & 55.32 \(\pm\) 7.51 c \\  & Y & n.d. & n.d. & n.d. & n.d. \\ Actinidol ethyl ether II & A & 47.56 \(\pm\) 0.33 a & 45.68 \(\pm\) 2.36 a & 41.78 \(\pm\) 4.05 a & 31.90 \(\pm\) 5.16 b \\  & Y & n.d. & n.d. & n.d. & n.d. \\ TDN & A & 1.42 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & 1.41 \(\pm\) 0.08 b & 1.85 \(\pm\) 0.29 a & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.21 b \\ \(\beta\)- Damascenone & Y & 8.33 \(\pm\) 0.86 b* & 8.31 \(\pm\) 0.81 b* & 10.27 \(\pm\) 0.12 a* & 1.65 \(\pm\) 0.35 c* \\  & A & 1.66 \(\pm\) 0.13 b & 1.41 \(\pm\) 0.15 b & 3.73 \(\pm\) 0.48 a & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.33 c \\  & Y & 4.69 \(\pm\) 1.08 a* & 3.00 \(\pm\) 0.60 b* & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.13 c & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.07 c \\  & A & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.07 b & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 1.72 \(\pm\) 0.24 a* & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.22 c \\  & Y & n.d. & n.d. & n.d.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Volatile** & **Young/Aged** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Treatments**} \\ \cline{3-6}
**Compounds** & **Wine** & **TM7** & **TM10** & **TM21** & **TPHT** \\ \hline Alcohols & & & & & \\
1-Hexanol & Y & 4245 \(\pm\) 149 b* & 4593 \(\pm\) 292 a* & 1372 \(\pm\) 87 c & 1473 \(\pm\) 79 c \\
1-Hexanol & A & 1578\(\pm\) 38 b & 1617 \(\pm\) 18 b & 2211 \(\pm\) 100 a* & 1236 \(\pm\) 43 c \\ _trans_-3-Hexen-1-ol & Y & 43.67 \(\pm\) 2.89 b* & 52.16 \(\pm\) 2.05 a* & 17.55 \(\pm\) 1.83 c & 16.29 \(\pm\) 1.13 c \\ _trans_-3-Hexen-1-ol & A & 11.29 \(\pm\) 4.71 c & 19.18 \(\pm\) 0.61 b & 24.69 \(\pm\) 2.43 a & 16.9 \(\pm\) 0.33 b \\ _cis_-3-Hexen-1-ol & Y & 97.88 \(\pm\) 3.45 b & 102.7 \(\pm\) 1.80 a* & 25.09 \(\pm\) 2.38 c & 26.26 \(\pm\) 1.18 c \\ _cis_-3-Hexen-1-ol & A & 14.98 \(\pm\) 0.37 b & 23.59 \(\pm\) 2.21 b & 45.23 \(\pm\) 8.06 a & 24.99 \(\pm\) 5.83 b \\ Benzyl alcohol & Y & 2.03 \(\pm\) 0.49 a & 1.53 \(\pm\) 0.15 b & 1.34 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & 1.02 \(\pm\) 0.04 c \\  & A & 2.05 \(\pm\) 0.07 a & 2.01 \(\pm\) 0.09 ab* & 1.80 \(\pm\) 0.12 b* & 1.69 \(\pm\) 0.19 c* \\
2-Phenylethyl Alcohol & Y & 152,349 \(\pm\) 5115 a* & 131,289 \(\pm\) 6406 b* & 70,524 \(\pm\) 5296 c & 67,290 \(\pm\) 2106 c \\  & A & 122,741 \(\pm\) 2219 a & 60,919 \(\pm\) 2600 c & 122,662 \(\pm\) 8255 a* & 73,310 \(\pm\) 1367 b* \\ Total alcohols & Y & 156,739 \(\pm\) 5051 a* & 136,039 \(\pm\) 6350 b* & 71,940 \(\pm\) 5385 c & 68,807 \(\pm\) 2119.28 c \\  & A & 124,347 \(\pm\) 2222 a & 62,581 \(\pm\) 2607 c & 124,945 \(\pm\) 8161 a* & 74,590 \(\pm\) 1326 b* \\ Fatty acids & & & & & \\ Butanoic acid & Y & 1544 \(\pm\) 77 a & 1642 \(\pm\) 97 a & 702.7 \(\pm\) 86.4 b & 741.9 \(\pm\) 46.6 b \\ Butanoic acid & A & 1663 \(\pm\) 25 a & 1655 \(\pm\) 57 a & 1072 \(\pm\) 54 b* & 655.3 \(\pm\) 51 c \\  & Y & 1022 \(\pm\) 96 ab & 1100 \(\pm\) 147 a & 862.2 \(\pm\) 46.9 b & 746.2 \(\pm\) 62.1 c \\ Hexanoic acid & A & 1200 \(\pm\) 11 b* & 1092 \(\pm\) 17 b & 1399 \(\pm\) 72 a* & 941.0 \(\pm\) 95.6 c* \\  & Y & 385.6 \(\pm\) 53.2 a & 272.5 \(\pm\) 60.0 b & 386.7\(\pm\) 35.1 a & 402.8 \(\pm\) 29.2 a* \\ Octanoic Acid & A & 329.4 \(\pm\) 18.7 b & 260.2 \(\pm\) 22.4 b & 471.4 \(\pm\) 71.7 a* & 257.3 \(\pm\) 19.4 b \\ Nonanoic acid & Y & 281.3 \(\pm\) 70.6 ab & 311.4 \(\pm\) 57.3 a* & 198.0 \(\pm\) 16.3 b & 61.93 \(\pm\) 13.46 c \\  & A & 264.5 \(\pm\) 19.5 a & 175.9 \(\pm\) 18.7 b & 199.5 \(\pm\) 2.8 b & 71.76 \(\pm\) 21.78 c \\  & Y & 177.3 \(\pm\) 20.3 a* & 149.9 \(\pm\) 18.3 a* & 146.7 \(\pm\) 17.2 ab & 111.9 \(\pm\) 22.6 b* \\ Decanoic acid & A & 84.45 \(\pm\) 4.5 b & 84.49 \(\pm\) 9.22 b & 185.3 \(\pm\) 13.3 a* & 36.4 \(\pm\) 0.6 c \\ Total fatty acids & Y & 3411 \(\pm\) 147 a & 3476 \(\pm\) 242 a & 2296 \(\pm\) 150 b & 2064 \(\pm\) 78 b \\  & A & 3542 \(\pm\) 24 a & 3268 \(\pm\) 105 b & 3328 \(\pm\) 82 b* & 1961 \(\pm\) 88 c \\ Ethyl esters & & & & & \\ Ethyl butanoate & Y & 147.4 \(\pm\) 1.9 b* & 192.1 \(\pm\) 3.8 a* & 83.20 a.40 d & 94.78 \(\pm\) 3.38 c* \\ Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate & A & 73.60 \(\pm\) 1.49 b & 72.71 \(\pm\) 2.10 b & 117.4 \(\pm\) 6.4 a* & 73.81 \(\pm\) 6.25 b \\ Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate & Y & 26.11 \(\pm\) 2.30 b & 36.06 \(\pm\) 0.79 a* & 17.62 \(\pm\) 1.27 c & 23.62 \(\pm\) 1.26 b \\ Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate & A & 25.13 \(\pm\) 0.81 c & 25.85 \(\pm\) 1.28 b & 35.30 \(\pm\) 3.27 a* & 30.38 \(\pm\) 3.69 b* \\ Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate & Y & 59.73 \(\pm\) 4.62 b & 77.26 \(\pm\) 4.54 a* & 29.53 \(\pm\) 1.92 d & 43.31 \(\pm\) 1.01 c \\ Ethyl pentanoate & A & 48.43 \(\pm\) 1.09 b & 50.97 \(\pm\) 2.24 ab & 56.74 \(\pm\) 1.97 a* & 52.65 \(\pm\) 7.96 ab \\ Ethyl pentanoate & Y & 13.38 \(\pm\) 1.22 a* & 14.86 \(\pm\) 1.58 a* & 6.46 \(\pm\) 1.14 c & 3.65 \(\pm\) 0.20 b \\ Ethyl pentanoate & A & 7.72 \(\pm\) 0.42 a & 3.83 \(\pm\) 1.45 b & 7.02 \(\pm\) 0.58 a & 6.26 \(\pm\) 0.44 a* \\ Ethyl hexanoate & Y & 156.9 \(\pm\) 6.2 b* & 177.1 \(\pm\) 1.9 a* & 120.1 \(\pm\) 4.5 c & 181.0 \(\pm\) 8.4 a* \\ Ethyl octanoate & A & 114.5 \(\pm\) 1.7 b & 105.2 \(\pm\) 1.2 c & 137.2 \(\pm\) 1.3 a* & 70.5 \(\pm\) 3.5 d \\ Ethyl octanoate & Y & 492.4 \(\pm\) 26.6 a* & 201.7 \(\pm\) 44.6 b* & 199.8 \(\pm\) 21.7 b* & 151.6 \(\pm\) 24.9 b* \\  & A & 11.92 \(\pm\) 2.09 b & 13.69 \(\pm\) 1.85 b & 32.01 \(\pm\) 3.04 a & 12.09 \(\pm\) 0.71 b \\ Total ethyl esters & Y & 896.0 \(\pm\) 4.6 a* & 699.1 \(\pm\) 5.0 b* & 456.7 \(\pm\) 3.4 d* & 498.0 \(\pm\) 4.9 c* \\  & A