# The Current Development Status of Agricultural Machinery
## 1 Introduction  
Agriculture, as a foundational and strategic sector of the national economy, plays an essential role in ensuring food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting rural revitalization. With the full-scale implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, advancing agricultural mechanization has become a key approach to building modern agricultural industrial systems and overcoming development constraints in hilly and mountainous regions [1; 2; 3]. According to data from China's Third National Land Survey, hilly and mountainous areas cover approximately 3.1908 million square kilometers, accounting for about 69.4% of the country's total land area. The farmlands in these regions are characterized by a distinct \"three-more and three-less\" pattern: fragmented plots, significant slope variations, and complex topography (the \"three mores\"); limited contiguous arable land, low mechanization suitability, and difficulties in implementing standardized operations (the \"three leses\") [4; 5; 6; 7; 8]. These unique geographical features have rendered conventional agricultural machinery poorly adapted to local conditions, leading to persistent challenges such as reduced operational efficiency, limited terrain traversability, and insufficient adaptability. The growing mismatch between current agricultural equipment and terrain requirements has become a major constraint on achieving stable and sustainable grain production. To address these challenges, terrain-adaptive intelligent chassis systems--incorporating innovative design features such as elevated ground clearance, four-wheel drive, and dynamic center-of-gravity adjustment--have emerged as a breakthrough solution. The core technological value of these systems lies in the synergistic integration of multi-mode locomotion mechanisms with intelligent cooperative control systems, further enhanced by contour-matching leveling and multi-sensor fusion positioning. This integrated approach enables the development of highly adaptable agricultural machinery chassis capable of overcoming complex terrain constraints, thereby ensuring stable operation on steep slopes (6-15\({}^{\circ}\)), muddy terrain, and rugged environments. Specifically, these systems effectively address operational stability issues in hilly farmlands (6-15\({}^{\circ}\) slope gradients) and sloped croplands (15-25\({}^{\circ}\)) while significantly improving precision during operations in irregularly shaped fields [9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. These technological advancements have notably enhanced safety performance, energy efficiency, and modular adaptability across diverse operational scenarios, positioning this technology as a key enabler for advancing agricultural modernization and ensuring food security in hilly and mountainous regions. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted by domestic and international scholars on the intelligitization, versatility, and stability improvement of next-generation agricultural machinery. This is exemplified by key technological advancements in contour-adaptive chassis design, multi-sensor fusion positioning, and modular functional component integration [14; 15; 16]. These innovations have shown considerable potential in enhancing operational efficiency under complex terrain conditions, improving the reliability and stability of agricultural chassis, and advancing mechanization in hilly and mountainous regions.