# The Role of Trees in Sand Dune Rehabilitation: Insights from Global Experiences
## 3 Results  
### Bibliometric Review-Synthesis of Literature  
We identified 422 publications on this topic. The vast majority of these are articles (380 articles, accounting for 90% of the total publications), followed by 23 proceedings papers (6%), 13 book chapters (3%), and 6 reviews (1%) (Figure 3). Figure 3: Distribution of the main publication types related to trees on sand dunes. Figure 2: Schematic presentation of the workflow used in our research. The countries of the authors who published articles on this topic are grouped into several clusters. The identified clusters are grouped into six categories: Cluster 1: Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Scotland, Switzerland; Cluster 2: Canada, Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Russia; Cluster 3: Egypt, England, Portugal, South Africa, Wales; Cluster 4: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Spain, USA; Cluster 5: India, Japan, People's Republic of China; Cluster 6: Australia, Israel, New Zealand. Cluster 1 primarily includes European countries with similar climates. Cluster 2 brings together countries from both Eastern and Northern Europe and North America. Cluster 3 includes countries from different continents, but with shared historical or linguistic ties. Cluster 4 contains countries from both North and South America. Cluster 5 consists of major Asian countries. The final cluster, Cluster 6, groups countries that are predominantly characterized by arid or desert landscapes (Figure 7). Figure 6: Countries with contributing authors of articles on trees on sand dunes. Figure 7: Country clusters of authors publishing on trees on sand dunes. Our inventory identified 267 journals in which articles about trees and sand dunes were published. Among these, the most representative are Catena, Forest Ecology and Management, and Journal of Arid Environments (Table 1 and Figure 8). Among the 86 publishers who have published articles on this subject, the most representative are: Elsevier (65 articles), Springer (59 articles), Wiley (25 articles), Taylor & Francis (17 articles), and MDPI (16 articles). The institutions to which the authors of these articles belong, ranked by importance, are as follows: Chinese Academy of Sciences (18 articles); Indian Council of Agricultural Research (6 articles); University of Illinois (6 articles); National University of Mar del Plata (5 articles). In these articles, the most frequently used keywords are vegetation, sand dunes, growth, soil, and dynamics (Table 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Crt. No.** & **Journal** & **Documents** & **Citations** & **Total Link Strength** \\ \hline
1 & Catena & 14 & 264 & 12 \\
2 & Forest Ecology and Management & 14 & 461 & 4 \\
3 & Journal of Arid Environments & 12 & 210 & 3 \\
4 & Journal of Coastal Research & 11 & 126 & 4 \\
5 & Geomorphology & 9 & 215 & 9 \\
6 & Quaternary Research & 6 & 447 & 11 \\
7 & Tree-structure and Function & 6 & 125 & 8 \\
8 & Aeolian Research & 6 & 41 & 5 \\
9 & Journal of Coastal Conservation & 6 & 60 & 2 \\
10 & Earth Surface Processes and & 5 & 166 & 6 \\  & Landforms & 4 & 79 & 4 \\
11 & Restoration Ecology & 4 & 25 & 4 \\
12 & Sustainability & 4 & 85 & 3 \\
13 & Journal of Arid Land & 4 & 36 & 1 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Leading journals publishing articles on trees on sand dunes. Figure 8: Key journals featuring articles on trees on sand dunes. Based on their connections, keywords can be grouped into several clusters. The first cluster includes: desert, desertification, dunes, dynamics, erosion, management, plant, sand, vegetation, and water and wind erosion; the second cluster includes: communities, competition, facilitation, growth, patterns, restoration, succession, and survival; the third cluster includes: biodiversity, coastal dunes, conservation, diversity, ecology, evolution, and soil (Figure 9).