## 2 Results
### Improvement of the Functional Properties of the Retina by the Application of Anti-DNM1L Ab
Application of Anti-DNM1L-Ab Altered DNM1L Phosphorylation and Expression of Apoptosis-Related Proteins  
Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the influence of anti-DNM1L Ab injection on the expression levels of DNM1L protein (Figure 5A) and other apoptosis-related proteins (Figure 6A). Thereby, DNM1L total protein (Figure 5B, DNM1L\({}^{\text{total}}\)) exhibited a fold-change of 0.91 \(\pm\) 0.12 in the DNM1L OS group, which was significantly increased compared with a fold-change of 0.56 \(\pm\) 0.08 in the IgG OS group (SEM, \(p\) < 0.05, student's \(t\)-test). To conclude DNM1L activity, the fold-changes of phosphorylation at serine 635 (DNM1L\({}^{\text{635}}\)) and serine 656 (DNM1L\({}^{\text{656}}\)) were also examined and normalized to the total protein amount. DNM1L\({}^{\text{635}}\) showed a fold-change of 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.10 (Figure 5C, DNM1L\({}^{\text{635}/\text{total}}\)) in the DNM1L OS group. The fold-change in the IgG OS group was similar with 1.08 \(\pm\) 0.16; no significant difference was observed between both groups. For DNM1L\({}^{\text{656}}\) (Figure 5D, DNM1L\({}^{\text{656}/\text{total}}\)), on the other hand, the fold-change in the DNM1L OS group (0.79 \(\pm\) 0.42) was considerably lower than in the IgG OS group (1.43 \(\pm\) 0.32, \(p\) = 0.053). The ratio of phosphorylation for each other (Figure 5E, DNM1L\({}^{\text{635}/\text{p656}}\)) was 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.35 in the DNM1L OS group. The IgG OS group's ratio was significantly lower at 1.04 \(\pm\) 0.29 (\(p\) < 0.01). Figure 5: Anti-DNM1L Ab injection alters the phosphorylation of DNM1L. (**A**) Western blot detection of DNM1L, total protein expression (DNM1L\({}^{\text{total}}\)), phosphorylation of DNM1L at serine 635 (DNM1L\({}^{\text{635}}\)), phosphorylation of DNM1L as serine 656 (DNM1L\({}^{\text{656}}\)), and housekeeping protein beta-actin. The presented representative western blot is one of six biological replicates. Densitometric analysis of DNM1L\({}^{\text{total}}\) (**B**). All calculated values were normalized to beta-actin. The resulting fold-change was subsequently normalized to the total DNM1L protein expression: (**C**) DNM1L\({}^{\text{635}/\text{total}}\)), (**D**) DNM1L\({}^{\text{656}/\text{total}}\). (**E**) The ratio of the DNM1L phosphorylation sites p635 and p656 was calculated (DNM1L\({}^{\text{635}}\)/DNM1L\({}^{\text{656}}\)). All values are given as mean \(\pm\) SEM calculated from six biological replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s \(t\)-test. Significance level: \(*=p<\) 0.05, \(**=p<\) 0.01, \(**=\) not significant. Numbers of animals used: \(n=6\) (IgG), \(n=6\) DNM1L. To determine the effect of anti-DNM1L Ab injection on apoptosis, the expression levels of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) were identified, and its phosphorylation site serine 112 (BADP\({}^{112}\)) was analyzed. XIAP expression was significantly increased in the DNM1L OS group (fold-change: 1.10 \(\pm\) 0.12) compared with the IgG OS group (fold-change: 0.69 \(\pm\) 0.15, \(p\)\(<\) 0.05, student's-test). The BAD total protein fold-change in the DNM1L OS group was 0.76 \(\pm\) 0.13, and in the IgG OS, 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.15 (Figure 6B, BAD\({}^{\rm total}\)). However, the phosphorylation site BADP\({}^{112}\) was 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.18 in the DNM1L OS, and the IgG OS was 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.02, which significantly decreased (Figure 6D, \(p\)\(<\) 0.05). The pBAD/BAD ratio (Figure 6E, BAD\({}^{\rm 112/total}\)) in the DNM1L OS group was 0.88 \(\pm\) 0.13, and in the IgG OS group, it was 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.13.