# Comprehensive Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity Landscape Based on the NIST CSF v2.0
## 5 NIST CSF-Based Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity
### Identify
#### 5.2.1. Asset Management  
NIST CSF v2.0 defines Asset Management as referring to the process whereby assets are identified and managed, including data, hardware, software, systems, facilities, services, and personnel that are crucial for the organization to fulfill its business goals. This management is carried out in alignment with their respective significance to the organization's objectives and the organization's approach to risk management.  
In the context of the maritime industry, asset management is essential to maintaining the security and integrity of navigation systems. The IMO has mandated the field of e-navigation, which requires stringent inspections to ensure adherence to pertinent laws. However, the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) has acknowledged that some e-navigation tests might not sufficiently address cybersecurity concerns. [PERSON] et al. (2021); [PERSON] et al. (2022) sought to fill this void with perceptive research on bridge tests, international standards, and IMO regulations. As a result of their efforts, the Integrated Navigation System (INS) Cyber-Physical Range has been developed, with the aim of improving asset management within the context of maritime cybersecurity. This novel system integrates cutting-edge specifications meant to successfully tackle cybersecurity issues in navigation systems. [PERSON] et al. (2022) highlighted the increased attack surface caused by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the maritime sector's vulnerability to cyber threats as a result of digitalization. Their article advocates for a holistic cybersecurity approach extending beyond technology to encompass people and business processes. Their research evaluated vulnerabilities in port and ship ecosystems through a system-of-systems analysis, highlighting the need for industry-led initiatives, international organizations, and authorities to prioritize asset management, identify critical assets, and put risk mitigation strategies for improved cybersecurity resilience into place.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline
**Category** & **References** & **Conclusions** \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & Asset management serves as a vital cornerstone in ensuring cybersecurity within the maritime sector. The studies underline the significant role of industry-led initiatives and international guidelines, coupled with the adoption of advanced technologies, in managing assets effectively. Given the evolving threat landscape, the two studies advocate for a holistic approach to asset management, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that interweave technology, people, and business processes, thereby fortifying the resilience of marine navigation systems against cyber threats. \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Risk Assessment} & [PERSON] et al. (2023) ([PERSON] et al., 2022) ([PERSON] et al., 2022), [PERSON] et al. (2023) ([PERSON] et al., 2022), [PERSON] et al. (2020) ([PERSON] et al., 2022), [PERSON] et al. (2021) ([PERSON] et al., 2022), [PERSON] et al. (2021) ([PERSON] et al., 2