## 3 Results  
The automatic MIR analysis procedure resulted in successful identification of brain responses peaking \(\sim\)200 ms after acoustical increases in the tango piece \(AN\) by [PERSON] (more details are provided in Reference [8]) (Figure 2). The average brain response across listeners to Dream Theater's alternative rock piece \(SC\) is shown in Figure 3 (top). The extraction of maximally distant trigger time points did not isolate any clear responses, except for the influence from a trial in the spectral flux feature aligning with the novel musical event at 20.316 s (Figure 4, left). When taking into consideration the role of novelty in the music structure, a central-temporal N1-like response with high amplitude can be observed across the listeners at the time point with the novel increase in loudness (Figure 3, top, and Figure 5). Figure 2: Brain responses to the tango piece measured with electroencephalography (EEG). Showing average brain responses to 10 loudness (RMS) and 10 spectral flux increases using the same method as applied in the current study. The time scale begins 100 ms before the feature increases (at \(-100\) ms) and the feature increases start at \(0\) ms.  
Figure 4: EEG responses to maximally distant acoustical feature increases. Average EEG responses are shown for Dream Theater’s _Stream of Consciousness_ (**left**) and [PERSON]’s _Rite of Spring_ (**right**). Figure 3: EEG waveforms. Showing grand average EEG across listeners measured at the Cz electrode. Responses to the novel loudness increase at 20.316 s (**top**) and the novel chord at 198.646 s (**bottom**) are visible. The one-sample \(t\)-test across listeners shows that the mean brain response after the onset of the novel loudness increase, measured around the peak amplitude at 137 \(\pm\) 15 ms, differs significantly from the baseline, \(t(43)=-9.2\), \(p<10^{-6}\), mean = \(-13.6\)\(\mu\)V (Figure 6, left). Though brain responses to the maximally distant loudness (RMS) increases do not exceed the baseline, \(t(43)=-1.6\), \(p=0.125\), mean = \(-1.2\)\(\mu\)V, while responses to the maximally distant spectral flux increases deviated slightly from the baseline, \(t(43)=-3.0\), \(p=0.005\), mean = \(-1.8\)\(\mu\)V, suggesting an effect of the time point successfully correlating with the novel loudness increase (for comparison, see Figure 4, left, and Figure 5). Figure 5: Response to novel loudness increase in Dream Theater’s _Stream of Consciousness_. Average MIR feature values per standard deviation, EEG, MEG axial magnetometer (MAG) and MEG planar gradiometer (GRAD) waveforms shown 100 ms before and 400 ms after the time point at 20.316 s. Topographies in relation to the head are shown for the negative N1-like brain response measured in a time window of \(\pm 15\) ms around the peak. In the MEG topographies it can be seen that the brain response is strongest in sensors located approximately above brain regions involved in sound processing. The average brain response across listeners to the excerpt of [PERSON]'s _Rite of Spring_ is shown in Figure 3 (bottom). Similarly, no clear evoked responses are observed for the maximally distant time points extracted randomly in relation to the predictability of the music structure (Figure 4, right). Despite this, the onset of the novel chord in the string group after 198.646 s introduction is identified among the loudness (RMS) and spectral flux increases detected by the automatic method. This chord appears to evoke a novelty related frontal-central negative brain response across the listeners, peaking 150 ms after the stimulus onset (Figure 3, bottom, and Figure 7). Across listeners, the mean brain response after the onset of the novel chord, measured around the peak amplitude at 150 \(\pm\) 15 ms, differs significantly from the baseline, \(t\)(47) = 2.9, \(p\) = 0.006, mean = 7.8 \(\upmu\)V (Figure 6, right).