## 3 Results
### Reported Challenges and Facilitating Conditions around Older Persons' ICT Access and Use
#### 3.3.3 Technology-Related Factors  
Culturally sensitive design: Culture becomes a facilitating condition when the technology adheres to cultural values. Two papers highlighted how adapting an application to a specific culture via language, color, symbols, icons, and images that carry positive culturally specific connotations led users to become more open to and accepting of the technology [6; 32]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32] investigated older Arab users' acceptance of mHealth user interface (UI) design-based culture. Their results showed that older Arab users had a positive attitude toward using mHealth, which had been designed with consideration of their cultural background. The researchers concluded that culture is essential in promoting users' acceptance of mHealth, and encouraged mobile designers and developers to consider the many facets of culture while developing mHealth applications.  
[PERSON] [6] interviewed 40 older persons from three Arab countries (Jordan, Palestine, and Syria) to identify their challenges when using mobile applications. They concluded that technology's perceived ease of use, usefulness, and benefits depend on its interface's design characteristics and suitability for users. Their findings highlight the need to consider and adapt different cultural factors, such as icons, colors, language, and symbols, in the design of an interface to reflect the cultural values and background of the older persons in the Arab region [6]. For example, the use of Islamic and Arabic architectural pictures for backgrounds and application icons and the availability, quality, and clarity of the Arabic language of the interface were identified as essential design elements that could increase older users' satisfaction and acceptance [6].  
Usability: In our review, attitudes towards technology were strongly associated with how much it is perceived as easy to use by older persons [6]. In return, older persons' perceived ease of use of technology is related to the convenience, clarity, and simplicity of the main design elements of the user interface (e.g., layout, images, colors, font, language, and buttons).  
The integration of cultural aspects in the technology design was essential to ensure technology usability [6]. Furthermore, faced with the problems they encounter when using mobile applications, older users experienced boredom and confusion. For example, systematic instructions, commands, and navigation from one screen to another to perform a specific action created a feeling of boredom among the participants. In addition, the use of many options in application design, non-Arabic language, and complex user interface design were identified as sources of confusion for the older users participating in this project [6].  
Functionality: This includes the set of operations that an interface supports. Usability and functionality are often seen as a design tradeoff. Two papers identified basic hardware and software issues that act as barriers to an application's functionality, including issues surrounding the display, navigation, touchscreen or keyboard, connectivity, and the physical size of devices [2; 5; 34].  
Some concerns related to tracking have been observed where the caregiver cannot accurately detect the older person's location [6]. Similarly, real-time monitoring and data storage issues arise when caregivers use tracking platforms that enable scalable data collection from multiple older persons [6; 33].  
Affordability: Another factor affecting the access and use of the technology was affordability [34]. With lower incomes, they were not willing to pay significant amounts of money to purchase any technology [34].  
Accessibility: Lastly, accessibility remains a factor in technology utilization [2; 5; 6; 34]. In three of the reviewed papers, accessibility was highlighted as a significant factor to ICT use as it is not adapted to the needs of older persons, mainly those with limited physical and psychological abilities [2; 5; 6].