## 1 Introduction  
The term \"Low Earth Orbit (LEO)\" satellites is commonly used to refer to satellites that traverse the Earth's surface at altitudes ranging from approximately 80-100 km [1] to 2000 km [2]. Within this altitude range, LEO satellites demonstrate reduced signal latency and enhanced signal strength [3], which provide significant advantages in various fields such as communications, weather monitoring, and remote sensing observations. In recent years, the deployment of LEO satellite constellations by commercial aerospace companies including SpaceX's Starlink program, OneWeb, and Amazon [4, 5, 6, 7, 8] has resulted in a substantial increase in both the number of operational LEO satellites and the frequency of their launches [9]. The utilization of data from LEO satellites allows researchers to observe the Earth's surface in real-time. This capability offers a scientific foundation for monitoring space weather as well as guiding satellite navigation and climate modeling. Within the Earth's magnetosphere, where LEO satellites operate, highly reactive atomic oxygen constitutes approximately 80% or more of the total atmospheric composition. Thiscomponent exhibits a strong absorptive capacity for solar radiation [10], thus meaning that normal operations of LEO satellites are directly influenced by solar activity affecting both the atmosphere and ionosphere. Increases in solar activity lead to radiation production by energetic particles within the solar wind, and this phenomenon subsequently impacts payload service life [11]. Moreover, variations in space weather can induce changes in atmospheric density that affect orbital stability for LEO satellites. Such alterations may result in decreased altitude and slowed operational velocity. During periods characterized by heightened solar activity, a denser atmosphere not only accelerates orbital decay but also diminishes operational lifespan while weakening communication signals and causing delays in signal transmission. This has a significant impact on the accuracy of communication and positioning [12]. A search of 5776 research articles in the Web of Science (WOS) using the keywords 'LEO satellites' and 'Low Earth Orbit satellites' revealed several pertinent keywords. A keyword co-occurrence, clustering, and emergence analysis indicates that 'orbit' is the most frequently occurring keyword (Figure 1), establishing it as a core focus within this satellite field of research. The gravitational influences of the Sun and Moon, solar activity, and light pressure all play a crucial role in determining the stability of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite operations. Furthermore, variations in solar activity can alter the forces acting on satellites by modifying atmospheric density. During a magnetic storm, LEO satellites with different orbital inclination and orbital height are affected by levels of different atmospheric drag, and LEO satellites with smaller orbital inclinations are affected by greater resistance, which increases the possibility of collision between satellites [13]. Fluctuations in atmospheric density necessitate regular orbital adjustments to mitigate excessive atmospheric drag, which could otherwise result in satellite destruction. Changes in atmospheric composition will also lead to large signal noise and time delay, which will have an impact on real-time navigation and emergency rescue. Accurate atmospheric density inversion not only enhances existing climate and weather prediction models but also optimizes Low Earth Orbit satellite orbit design and mission execution based on dynamic changes, thereby improving the success rate of missions.