## 3 Results and Discussion
### Computer Color Matching  
Table 6 shows the color matching recipes of standard samples dyed by the conventional water-based method with different color difference formulae. It reveals that color matching recipes generated for Sample 1 are similar (yellow: 0.12; blue: 0.08; and red: 0.07) even though different color difference formulae were used. The color matching recipes generated for Sample 2 (yellow: 0.62; blue: 0.50; and red: 0.44) and Sample 3 (yellow: 1.1; blue: 0.86; and red: 0.96) are also quite constant except when using JPC79 (yellow: 0.53; blue: 0.45; and red: 0.45) and FMC2 (yellow: 0.93; blue: 0.82; and red: 0.83), respectively. This indicates that the variations of color matching recipes generated for samples dyed in 0.3%, 1.5% and 3.0% concentrations are generally small. Table 7 shows color matching recipes of standard samples dyed by the D5 solvent-assisted method with different color difference formulae. It is observed that color matching recipes generated for Sample 4 are similar (yellow: 0.56; blue: 0.53; and red: 0.54) although different color difference formulae were used. Constant results are also found for recipes generated for Sample 5 (yellow: 0.60; blue: 0.46; and red: 0.49) and Sample 6 (yellow: 1.33; blue: 1.11; and red: 1.24) except when using Hunter lab, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Dyeing Method** & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\)**Value** \\ \hline Water (Red) & 0.9937 \\ Water (Yellow) & 0.9605 \\ Water (Blue) & 0.9829 \\ Heptane (Red) & 0.9933 \\ Heptane (Yellow) & 0.9596 \\ Heptane (Blue) & 0.9630 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The \(R\)-square value of the dyeing method of three primary colors. Figure 7: Calibration curves of the primary colors of batch samples dyed in water and D5 for color matching. JPC 79 and CIE94 1.0 (yellow: 0.66; blue: 0.63; and red: 0.58) and CIE L*u*v* and FMC2 (yellow: 1.15; blue: 0.86; and red: 1.07), respectively. This indicates that color matching recipes generated for samples dyed by the solvent-assisted method have slightly larger variations than fabrics dyed by the conventional method. Tables 8 and 9 show the color matching difference and the percentage difference between standard samples dyed by the conventional method and the D5 solvent-assisted method using different color difference formulae. The results reveal that most of the measured concentrations generated by using the conventional water-based method are below the theoretical concentrations, while concentrations generated by using the D5 solvent-assisted dyeing method are mostly higher than the expected concentrations. Measured values below the expected concentrations can be explained by the fact that the dye molecules are insufficient to be evenly distributed in the fabrics while the reason for measured values being higher than the expected concentration is the formation of dye aggregates, which may influence the absorption and scattering of light. Moreover, the difference between theoretical and measured concentration can be explained by the linearity of the calibration curves. Generally speaking, the higher the linearity of the calibration curves,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Formulae**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Color**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Conventional Water-Based Dyeing**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **Sample 1 (0.3\%)** & **Sample 2 (1.5\%)** & **Sample 3 (3\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Theoretical} & Yellow & 0.10 & 0.50 & 1.00 \\  & Blue & 0.10 & 0.50 & 1.00 \\  & Red  
the higher would be the accuracy of the result, and the difference between theoretical and measured concentration would be smaller. It was also observed that at a higher concentration (3%), exemplified by Sample 3 of water-based dyeing and Sample 6 of D5 solvent-assisted dyeing, the difference and percentage difference between the theoretical and measured concentration is greater than that at a lower concentration for both methods, and this could be explained by the degree of dye aggregation and the amount of dye molecules.