## 3 Results  
The obtained dry extracts of _F. vulgaris_ rhizomes with roots (FHE1 and FHE2) were loose powders, bitter, odourless, and ranged in colour from light brown to brownish-reddish depending on the extractant used. The extract yield was 24.70 \(\pm\) 0.31% for FHE1 (extractant: 70% ethanol) and 23.96 \(\pm\) 0.24% for FHE2 (extractant: water). In these extracts, 10 phenolics and 14 amino acids were identified and quantified using HPLC methods. The dominant phenolic compounds were procyanidins (B1, B2, and C1) and metabolites of tannins ((+)-catechin and epicatechin gallate). Hydroxycinnamic acids were represented by chlorogenic acid, while flavonoids included rutin and hyperoside. In the studied extracts, arginine, proline, alanine, and asparagine were the dominant amino acids. The results of phytochemical research using UPLC-MS/MS and GC/MS are presented in Table 1 and Figure 1. Additional data related to the identification of phenolic compounds are presented in Figures S6 and S7 and Table S1. Figure 1: _Cont._  
During alcohol extraction from raw materials, terpenes, and other volatile compounds were also extracted and influenced the overall pharmacological activity of the extracts. Therefore, the volatile fraction of _F. vulgaris_ rhizomes with roots was obtained using hydrodistillation in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia [32] and was subsequently analysed by GC-MS (Table 2 and Figure 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Content of a Compound, mg/100 g**} \\  & **FHE1** & **FHE2** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Phenolics**} \\ \hline Luteolin 7 trinoside & \(1.5\pm 0.2\) & \(1.7\pm 0.1\) \\ Procyanidin B1 & \(690.7\pm 52.7\) & \(313.1\pm 12.2\) \\ Procyanidin C1 & \(29.6\pm 2.5\) & \(40.8\pm 4.5\) \\ (+)-Catechin & \(273.2\pm 2.4\) & \(0\) \\ Chlorogenic acid & \(24.7\pm 1.0\) & \(15.6\pm 2.0\) \\ Procyanidin B2 & \(34.9\pm 2.8\) & \(0\) \\
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid & \(13.6\pm 0.7\) & \(0\) \\ Rutin & \(4.7\pm 0.4\) & \(5.5\pm 0.9\) \\ Hyperside & \(3.8\pm 0.1\) & \(3.9\pm 0.6\) \\ Epicatechin gallate & \(224.5\pm 13.3\) & \(0\) \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Amino acids**} \\ \hline Alanine & \(3.7\pm 0.2\) & \(4.4\pm 0.1\) \\ Arginine & \(29.7\pm 1.8\) & \(44.4\pm 1.5\) \\ Aspartic acid & \(3.8\pm 0.1\) & \(7.4\pm 0.6\) \\ Glutamic acid & \(2.5\pm 0.1\) & \(3.0\pm 0.1\) \\ Histidine & \(0.8\pm 0.03\) & \(0.8\pm 0.02\) \\ Isolecucine & \(1.6\pm 0.1\) & \(1.5\pm 0.1\) \\ Leucine & \(1.1\pm 0.1\) & \(1.1\pm 0.1\) \\ Lysine & \(0.3\pm 0.06\) & \(0.5\pm 0.01\) \\ Methionine & \(0.1\) & \(0.1\) \\ Phenylalanine & \(1.2\pm 0.01\) & \(1.3\pm 0.05\) \\ Proline & \(9.2\pm 0.1\) & \(8.1\pm 0.6\) \\ Serine & \(1.0\pm 0.07\) & \(1.4\pm 0.1\) \\ Tyrosine & \(2.3\pm 0.2\) & \(2.4\pm 0.2\) \\ Valine & \(0.8\pm 0.04\) & \(0.7\pm 0.04\) \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Content of BAS group, \%**} \\ \hline Salicylic acid derivates & \(0.27\pm 0.03\) & \(0.16\pm 0.02\) \\ Flavonoids & \(4.76\pm 0.57\) & \(3.19\pm 0.42\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Phytochemical composition of the _Filipendula vulgaris_ in aqueous–ethanolic (FHE1) and aqueous (FHE2) extracts. Figure 1: Representative chromatograms (UPLC-MS/MS) of phenolics in _F. vulgaris_ extracts: (**A**) aqueous–ethanolic extract FHE1 and (**B**) aqueous extract FHE2. The composition of the volatile fraction of _F. vulgaris_ rhizomes with roots was analysed for the first time. Using GC-MS, 27 substances distilled from the underground parts were identified and semiquantified. The principal components were palmitic acid (41.0%), methyl salicate (24.2%), and benzyl salicate (17.5%). The cytolytic effect of the studied extracts was estimated based on the percentage of dead cells (Figure 3).