## 4 Results
### Explicit Analysis  
Within the scope of this study, the structural behavior of the gabion wall, which is designed at a certain height and width as a result of rockfall, has been examined. Structural behavior was determined by simulation based on the finite element model. Within the scope of this study, the ANSYS Workbench [44] was used. ANSYS Workbench, which includes many analysis systems, can combine many engineering studies in one system. The process steps, such as the system to be created for this study, the method of creation, the analysis steps, and the examination of the results, are summarized below. Explicit analyses are used to simulate dynamic effects occurring in very short periods of time. For this reason, the \"Explicit Dynamics\" analysis type in ANSYS Workbench was chosen to examine the rockfall effect. By following the seven steps in the analysis system, the desired analysis can be performed and results can be obtained. In step 1, there is the analysis type. No action is required in this section. It is used to avoid confusion that may occur when combined with other analysis types. Material types and properties are determined from the \"Engineering Data\" tab in step 2. The material properties of the falling rock and the gabion wall system hit by the rock were determined. It is thought that the crushed stone (100-150 mm) inside the gabion wall and the reinforcement wires (3-5 mm) outside the gabion wall will significantly extend the analysis time. For this reason, a macro approach was used in this study. In future studies, it may be more appropriate to make analyses based on micro-analysis and compare the results. In the next step, the geometry is defined. For this, ANSYS Workbench offers two different drawing program plugins (DesignModeler and SpaceClaim). In addition, geometries prepared in other engineering and drawing programs can also be transferred to this program. For this example, gabion  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Age** & **Lithology** & **Density** **(gr/cm\({}^{3}\))** & **Unit Weight** **(kN/m\({}^{3}\))** & **Uniaxial** **Compressive** **Strength (MPa)** & **Point Load** **(MPa)** \\ \hline Middle & & 2.45–2.56 & 24.0–25.11 & 118 & 5.9–7.86 \\ Miocene & & & & & \\ \hline Middle & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} Miocene & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-6}  
wall and rock sphere geometry prepared on AutoCAD were imported into the program using the drawing file with the extension \".igs\" (Figure 16). In the third step (\"Model\" step), assignment of material properties, meshing, loading conditions, support conditions, etc., parameters are set and analysis settings are made. In this step, the Explicit Dynamics-Mechanical tab is opened. Necessary assignments and adjustments are made on this screen (Figure 17a). Material assignments are performed by selecting the modeled geometries. The \"Stiffness behavior\" property of the rock has been determined as rigid (Figure 17b). The contact of the objects is defined in the \"Body Interactions\" section. Therefore, the \"Contact\" section in the \"Connections\" menu in the \"outline\" window should be deleted (Figure 18a). Since it would be sufficient to perform the meshing at default values, parameters were not changed. However, if a more frequent meshing is wanted, the wanted value can be entered in the \"Element Size\" section (Figure 18b). The impact of the rock against the gabion wall at an angle of 10 degrees and a speed of 30 m/s is modeled (Figure 19a). Explicit analyses are simulating events that occur in very short times, so the simulated times in the analysis are taken as very small in order to reduce the workload. For this reason, the modeled time in the analysis was determined as 0.02 s. This time may be extended within the scope of future studies (Figure 19b). Calculation of the wanted result value can be performed in the solution section of the Outline menu. For this study, the total displacement, equivalent stress, and velocity of the stone were calculated (Figure 20a).