# Mathematical Models for Named Data Networking Producer Mobility Techniques: A Review
## 3 Recent Mobility Techniques
### Anchorless Technique
Ensuring consistent QoS guarantees consumers receive material with the intended performance attributes, enhancing the overall user experience. In contrast with conventional methods, in conventional IP-based networking, the issue of mobility is typically tackled by methods such as mobile IP, which may entail intricate handover processes and supplementary signaling. IP-based systems may need help adjusting to changing network structures and ensuring effective material retrieval when producers frequently change locations. Thus, NPM streamlines mobility management by directly linking content names with the present positions of producers, obviating the necessity for intricate handover methods. The content-centric nature of NDN, paired with NPM, provides a more efficient and flexible solution for content retrieval in dynamic situations. Possibilities for incorporating a hierarchical naming scheme: Enables routers to make routing decisions based on the prefix, minimizing the search scope and enhancing performance. It facilitates effective routing by directing requests to content replicas or sources situated in proximity, minimizing latency. Furthermore, it improves routing efficiency by allowing routers to make decisions based on the recency or relevancy of content. Impacts of caching strategies to reduce network overhead and improve content delivery: Minimizes the time it takes to obtain content by serving it from adjacent cache locations, lowering overall latency. Note that content obtained via caches decreases the demand for network traffic, optimizing resource utilization. Network resources are employed more efficiently by probabilistically caching content, focusing on popular or often visited content. Strategic caching decreases the chances of cache pollution with less-relevant items. Hence, adaptability guarantees that caching algorithms fit with dynamic network conditions, ensuring optimal content delivery in evolving scenarios. By adjusting to shifting demand patterns, adaptive caching strategies boost the possibility of serving content from caches, improving hit ratios. Material is cached closer to consumers, lowering the time it takes to obtain material, especially in cases with location-based naming schemes. Meanwhile, location-based caching contributes to scalable content delivery by optimizing content placement in the network. Caching decreases the need for repeated transfers of the same content, reducing overall bandwidth consumption. Collaborative caching improves the possibility of serving content from shared caches, boosting overall hit ratios. Thus, distributing caching responsibilities across several entities contributes to a better balanced and diversified network load. Name-based forwarding is a routing mechanism where content names are organized in a hierarchical structure, similar to a file path. This structure enables efficient and organized routing decisions to be made, and it conforms to NDN's content-centric paradigm by employing content names for routing, preventing the need for IP addresses. Routers maintain a forwarding table that keeps track of the state of network connections. This database is updated in real-time by exchanging interest and data packets. Name-based forwarding streamlines and expedites the process of retrieving content by directly linking interest packets with precise content names. It facilitates flexible adjustment to network changes, facilitating the movement of producers and optimizing routing in dynamic settings. On the other hand, interest aggregation refers to combining or consolidating individual interests or preferences into a collective or group decision. It detects and removes duplicate interest packets, preventing the producer from receiving multiple requests for the same content. Meanwhile, routers function as consolidation points, merging comparable interests into a unified request before transmitting it upstream. It also optimizes the management of interest packets to reduce network and content producer workload.