# Intent to Adopt Location Sharing for Logging Safety Applications
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Survey Instrument
Figure 2: Attributes of the Theory of Planned Behavior and associated survey concepts [28; 34]. Table 1 summarizes how each TPB attribute (intent, attitude, norms, control) was scaled and measured. Two seven-part questions applied indirect measures of instrumental attitude, asking participants to first select outcome likelihood (\"very unlikely\", \"somewhat unlikely\", \"unsure\", \"somewhat likely\", \"very likely\") and then outcome value (\"very bad\", \"somewhat bad\", \"neutral\", \"somewhat good\", \"very good\"). Outcomes were based on logger interviews identifying potential advantages and disadvantages of LS on logging operations [26]. They included (1) \"improving overall workplace safety\", (2) \"developing a dependence on the technology\", (3) \"finding injured coworkers faster\", (4) \"causing distraction from other work activities\", (5) \"knowing when coworkers might need help\", (6) \"causing workers to feel like they are being watched or monitored\", and (7) \"knowing when coworkers are in safe or unsafe areas\". To reduce respondent burden, the three behaviors (LS safety practices) were consolidated into an all-encompassing behavior of \"using PLDs on logging operations\" for measures of attitude. Referencing a single behavior allowed us to limit the number of question permutations and avoid requiring participants to discern between unfamiliar behaviors with nearly homogenous outcomes. We measured intention as the perceived likelihood (5-point Likert scale) of using PLDs in each of the ways indicated by the behaviors. Since we evaluated occupational behaviors in which individual actions and decisions are interconnected with the actions and decisions of others, including co-workers, other employees, and supervisors, our survey measured perceived behavioral control instead of self-efficacy, with one question addressing degree of influence on whether PLDs are used (\"a lot\", \"some\", or \"none\"). Lastly, we assessed descriptive norms directly by asking survey participants to indicate the likelihood, from \"very unlikely\" to \"very likely\" (5-point Likert scale) that each of the three behaviors would be performed by other loggers. Although TPB questionnaires typically employ 7-point scales, 5-point scales are occasionally used as well [28]. To reduce cognitive burden without sacrificing survey content, we used 5-point scales for bipolar measures (attitude, norms, intent) and a 3-point scale for the unipolar question on control. High cognitive burden was anticipated for this survey due to the inevitable complexity involved with requiring participants to evaluate technology applications with limited processing time between introduction to the concepts and assessment. The last four questions of the survey covered demographic and employment information, including age, years of logging experience, job title (\"Hand faller\", \"Chaser/Hooker\", \"Equipment Operator\", \"Truck Driver\", \"Owner\", \"Other--please specify\"), and operation type (\"Mechanized ground-based logging\", \"Partially mechanized ground-based logging\", \"Cable logging\", \"Other--please specify\"). Multiple selections could be designated for job title and operation type.