## 1 Introduction  
The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels is significantly influenced by a range of environmental factors, including irradiance, humidity, temperature, and wind speed. It is of paramount importance to study these factors in order to optimize the performance of PV systems and increase their energy output. This research presents a synthesis of findings obtained through six months of measurements, with the objective of elucidating the impact of environmental conditions on the efficiency of PV panels. Among the environmental factors that affect the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels, temperature is among the most critical. As the temperature of solar cells increases, their efficiency tends to decline. This phenomenon occurs because elevated temperatures can result in increased electron-hole recombination rates within the semiconductor material, which in turn reduces the overall output voltage and power conversion efficiency [1,2]. For instance, it has been demonstrated that PV panels typically demonstrate an efficiency reduction of approximately 0.2% to 0.5% for each degree Celsius temperature increase above 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C [2]. Given this temperature sensitivity, it is necessary to incorporate cooling mechanisms into PV systems, such as photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems. These can help mitigate the negative effects of high temperatures by utilizing waste heat for thermal applications [1]. Furthermore, irradiance levels are a significant factor in determining the efficiency of PV panels. The amount of solar radiation that falls on the panels is directly proportional to their energy output. In conditions that are optimal for the operation of photovoltaic (PV) panels, the panels are capable of reaching their maximum efficiency when the irradiance levels are high. However, during cloudy weather or low-light conditions, such as dawn and dusk, the efficiency of PV panels can decline significantly. Studies indicate that photovoltaic (PV) systems are capable of operating at approximately 80% of their rated capacity under partial shading conditions, which can result in notable losses in energy production [3]. Consequently, the configuration of PV systems must consider the fluctuating irradiance levels throughout the diurnal cycle and across different seasons to ensure optimal performance. Humidity is another environmental factor that can impact the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels. High humidity levels can result in the accumulation of moisture on the surface of the panels, which can subsequently lead to a reduction in light transmission and, consequently, a decline in energy output. Furthermore, humidity can facilitate the proliferation of biological contaminants, such as algae and mold, which can impede sunlight and diminish the functionality of the panels over time [4]. Conversely, low humidity levels have been demonstrated to enhance the efficiency of PV panels by reducing the probability of moisture-related complications. However, it is essential to maintain an equilibrium between humidity levels and other environmental factors, as extreme conditions can precipitate thermal stress and material degradation. Furthermore, wind speed represents another crucial environmental factor influencing the efficiency of PV panels. A sufficient wind speed can facilitate the cooling of the panels, thereby reducing their temperature and increasing their efficiency [5]. It has been demonstrated that elevated wind speeds can result in a reduction in the operating temperature of photovoltaic (PV) panels, thereby enhancing their performance, particularly in hot climates [5]. However, excessive wind speeds can pose mechanical risks to photovoltaic (PV) installations, potentially leading to structural damage or failure. Consequently, the design and installation of PV systems must consider local wind conditions in order to ensure both efficiency and durability. It is also essential to consider the impact of environmental conditions on the deterioration of PV panels over time.