## 2 Methodology
### Study Area and Data
Therefore, average trip frequencies from the \"EU Survey on Issues Related to Transport and Mobility\" [32] were used in this study to estimate the distribution of the inhabitants staying at home based on their employment statuses, which were available in the HTS datasets to a large extent; the Czech Republic average was used when employment data were missing. Both the CD and HTS datasets required some generalization to enable a matching process between them by transforming some attributes into common terms. This is a harmonization process; we use this term in the next section. The harmonization process is applied to 19 attributes; we briefly describe two of them (please see the open-code repository in Supplementary Materials for the details). The activity types represented  
Figure 1: The city of Ustí and Labem and the other municipalities (**left**), and the location of study area in the territory of the Czech Republic (**right**). in daily chains (e.g., home-work-home) of the respondents in the HTS datasets were categorized into six activity purposes: home, work, education, free time, shopping, and errands. In order to apply harmonization to the activity purposes for City HTS, activities related to sports, culture, and leisure were unified into one \"free time\" category. The activity purposes called \"workplace\", \"business meeting\", and \"entrepreneur\" were placed in a \"work\" category, and activity purposes called \"services\", \"visiting public institutions\", \"doctor\", and \"other\" were categorized as \"errands.\" For Czech Republic HTS, activity purposes related to eating and shopping were united in one \"shopping\" category, while work and business trip activities were placed in the \"work\", and errands and other activities into \"errands\" category. For the transportation modes of each journey (i.e., the mode of the main trip) in the CD and HTS surveys, we reference the transportation mode types from the Czech Republic HTS, which are walk, bicycle, public transport, regional bus, regional train, car driver, car passenger, and other. In this case, for the City HTS, taxi and passenger car were grouped together into \"passenger car\", while traveling by motorcycle was placed in the \"other\" category to match with the Czech Republic HTS arrangement. The public transport category was used for \"town bus\" and \"trolleybus\" in both HTS, meanwhile Czech Republic HTS also has additional \"tram\" and \"metro\" possibilities that were also defined as public transport. For the CD, the harmonization process for the transportation modes was much more complex as it had dozens of possibilities; please check Supplementary Materials for information. Geographic datasets (GD) provided detailed information about the location of residential and work-related facilities in the study area. They were extracted from the RCDB (Register of Census Districts and Buildings) database provided by the Czech Statistical Office [33] for a more precise location assignment. The facilities where free time, shopping, and errands activities took place were extracted according to OpenStreetMap (OSM) tags and sourced with the OSM 442324 reference. The data regarding the capacity of each facility (for work) and expected number of visitors for each facility (for free time, shopping, and errands activities) were estimated based on each building's area building which is sourced from the RCDB [33] together with the number of residents. Moreover, educational facilities (except for universities) and their capacities were sourced from the Register of Schools and Educational Facilities (RSEF) database [34] provided by the Czech Ministry of Education Youth and Sports. University facilities and their capacities were manually added, based on information provided in university reports and annual reports of the municipalities.