# Promising Approaches for Heat Utilization in Agricultural Machinery Engines
## 2 Presentation of the Main Material
### Research Results
The amount of heat that is used in steam formation is determined by the formula (from the side of the steam-gas mixture):  
\[SPP=\frac{I_{\mathrm{R}}}{R-OE},\ \mathrm{h}, \tag{6}\]6  
where \(T_{g3}\) is the temperature behind the utilization boiler, K;  
\(\eta_{ub}\) is the efficiency factor of the utilization boiler. The temperature behind the recovery boiler \(T_{g3}\) is determined from the condition of low-temperature corrosion and is approximately 403 K.  
Low-temperature corrosion can occur when the exhaust gas temperature is too low, causing acidic components in the gases, such as sulfuric and carbonic acids, to condense, which can damage system materials. The optimum temperature of 403 K minimizes the risk of corrosion while maintaining system efficiency. The amount of heat that goes into the formation of saturated steam is determined by the equation  
\[SPP=\frac{I_{\mathrm{R}}}{R-OE},\ \mathrm{h}, \tag{6}\]7  
where \(Cpw\) is the specific isobaric heat capacity of water, kJ/(kg\(\cdot\)K);  
\(\Delta T\) is the heating of water from the initial temperature to the boiling temperature, K;  
\(r\) is the specific heat of vaporization of water, kJ/kg. Equating Equations (13) and (14), we determine the amount of steam formed in the utilization boiler:  
\[SPP=\frac{I_{\mathrm{R}}}{R-OE},\ \mathrm{h}, \tag{6}\]8  
Equation (13) contains the value of the temperature \(T_{g2}\) after the turbine, which depends on the amount of steam. Therefore, it can be solved only by numerical methods, namely the Newton-Raphson Method. It is well suited for solving nonlinear Equation (15) because it uses derivatives to iteratively find the roots of the equation and can be effective if there is a sufficiently good initial approximation. Let us consider how the injection of steam will affect the parameters of the turbocharger and the diesel engine as a whole. The power of the turbine depends on the adiabatic operation of gases and their consumption:  
\[SPP=\frac{I_{\mathrm{R}}}{R-OE},\ \mathrm{h}, \tag{6}\]9  
where \(\eta_{T}\) is the efficiency factor of the turbine. Consider the work of compression in a compressor. The power consumed by the compressor is determined by the equation:  
Figure 2:0  
where \(\pi_{k}\) is the degree of pressure increase in the compressor;  
\(\eta_{K}\) is the efficiency factor of the compressor. The injection of steam into the turbine leads to an increase in its power. It can be transmitted to the crankshaft of the engine. Calculations for tractors of the third traction class show that at operating power, it is possible to obtain saturated steam in the amount of 0.0145 kg/s (52.2 kg/h). This allows the power of the diesel engine to be increased by 2%. Specific fuel consumption will decrease by the corresponding amount. Thus, the use of the proposed device will allow the fuel consumption per unit of engine power (specific fuel consumption) to be reduced, as well as the emission of toxic greenhouse gases into the atmosphere; the effective power and thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine to increase; and the design of the internal combustion engine combustion to be simplified due to additional equipment. The potential increase in power and decrease in specific fuel consumption under various heat utilization schemes are shown in Figure 2:1