# Architectural Simulation of Hybrid Energy Harvesting: A Design Experiment in Lanzarote Island
## 1 Introduction  
According to the US Energy Information Administration statistics, architecture consumes 20.1% of the total energy consumption worldwide [1]. In particular, because an architectural structure, once built, lasts more than forty years, it consumes energy over a long period of time, and energy consumption increases over time due to problems such as building decay [2]. Thus, the field of architecture must not only seek a solution to reduce its energy consumption in the face of the serious problem of pollution but also actively respond to the generation of renewable energy. The UK, an active player in energy policy, provided an architectural model to maximize renewable energy generation with the completion of the BedZED (Beddington Zero Energy Development) energy-independent housing complex in Beddington, a town in south London, in 2002 [3]. Later, the UK government announced that, by 2050, all the energy needed in the UK will be replaced by renewable energy [4]. Renewable energy is generated with energy harvesting technology, which transforms natural energy sources into electric energy. Energy harvesting sources can be broadly categorized into two groups: The first group comprises macro-energy sources, which include wind, water, and solar energy. The second group comprises micro-energy sources, which include vibrations, magnetic fields, and waves [5, 6]. Architecture relies largely on macro-energy sources to generate renewable energy, with solar energy being the best known. Even though solar energy harvesting technology is widely utilized, the amount of solar-generated electricity constitutes less than 0.4% of world electricity consumption [7]. Integrated energy harvesting technology should be developed through the diversification of natural energy sources to improve the currently low level of renewable energy generation. In the field of architecture, a great deal of research has been carried out on renewable energy generation. Some research works have planned a joint residential complex and a college campus instead of a single building from an urban planning standpoint to maximize the production of renewable energy from solar energy [8; 9; 10; 11]. These papers selected a specific site topic and analyzed the building layout for optimal installation of solar panels, the amount of renewable energy, and its economic feasibility. As for research on a single architectural structure, there is a study that applies the technology of energy harvesting to the exterior design of architecture [12]. By installing solar panels three-dimensionally onto the surface of a building, this technology not only produces renewable energy from the solar source but also from the fluid vibration generated from the solar panels [13; 14]. This study is significant in that it proposes the micro-energy sources of tiny vibrations generated by the airflow as a source of renewable energy in a reality where the main sources of renewable energy in today's architecture are solar and wind. In addition, microorganisms, such as algae, are used as micro-energy sources for elements of architectural design [15]. In addition, diverse technological development is also needed to extend energy harvesting technology, currently limited to macro-energy sources, such as solar and wind, to micro-energy sources. Currently, for research on the utilization of renewable energy generated from micro-energy sources in the field of architecture, active research is underway on architectural facilities associated with wireless heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in a building [16; 17]. However, there is little research on architectural design based on energy harvesting technology utilizing micro-energy sources [18; 19; 20]. Therefore, this study aims to develop an architectural design that generates renewable energy using not only macro-energy sources but also micro-energy sources. Piezoelectric materials that generate renewable energy from micro-energy sources of tiny vibrations of wind power are used as an element of architectural design.