# Enhancing Vibration Analysis in Hydraulic Presses: A Case Study Evaluation
## 6 Conclusions  
Hydraulic presses are subject to mechanical vibrations, which can be monitored using accelerometers. Accelerometers are mounted at various locations on the press where significant vibrations are expected. This may include the press frame, piston cone, head, slide, or other structural elements. Point mounting at specific locations allows for precise vibration measurements in these areas. In the analyzed example, it was proven that the mounting location within the press body does not affect the recorded acceleration values. Accelerometers record acceleration in three spatial directions (\(x\), \(y\), and \(z\) axes). In the case of a hydraulic press, vibrations along the axis associated with the movement of the piston and the overall structure of the press are most important. Time waveform analysis is a basic tool. For a deeper assessment of accelerations, more advanced signal analysis techniques such as Fourier or Falco analyses should be applied to transform the time signal into a frequency plot. This approach allows for the direct identification of dominant vibration frequencies. They can be associated with piston movement, structure resonance, or other factors. It is worth noting that different press operations, such as forming or cutting, can generate different vibration patterns. Knowing the vibration characteristics allows correlating this information with press operation during the production process. For example, vibrations associated with specific phases of pressing operations can be identified. Monitoring hydraulic press vibrations allows for enhancing its operation, identifying potential mechanical problems, and planning maintenance. In case of abnormalities, vibration monitoring can aid in quick diagnosis and repair. In summary, this study demonstrated the significance of vibration monitoring in hydraulic presses and showcased the capabilities of advanced measurement systems in providing valuable insights into machine performance and health. The utilization of a sophisticated measurement system comprising accelerometers and data acquisition capabilities enables precise monitoring of vibrations, facilitating early detection of mechanical issues and proactive maintenance planning. Experimental studies conducted in various operating conditions reveal significant differences in vibration characteristics, emphasizing the importance of analyzing vibration data for understanding machine dynamics. The optimized configuration of the measurement system, coupled with comprehensive signal analysis techniques, contributes to improved production efficiency and reliability of hydraulic press equipment. By leveraging advanced measurement technology, signal processing and analysis, manufacturers can enhance productivity, minimize downtime, and ensure the longevity of their hydraulic press machinery, thereby improving overall operational efficiency and profitability. However, to identify the mentioned parameters, advanced signal analysis methods in the form of time series should be applied. In the next stage of research, attempts should be made to develop patterns of vibration characteristics for individual operating parameters and to develop an automatic system of their classification based on artificial intelligence algorithms, which will contribute to the improvement of the predictive maintenance system for hydraulic presses. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, D.J. and I.W. ; methodology, P.D. and M.S. ; software, I.W., D.J. and P.D. ; validation, M.S. ; formal analysis, P.D. ; investigation, D.J., I.W., P.D. and M.S. ; writing--original draft preparation, P.D., I.W., M.S. and D.J. ; writing--review and editing, D.J., P.D. and I.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.