# Optical Medieval Music Recognition Using Background Knowledge
## 3 Datasets  
A typical staff picture can be observed in Figure 1. For training and evaluation, a combination of different manuscripts is used. One of the larger one was presented in [12] (Available under: [[https://github.com/OMMR4](https://github.com/OMMR4) all/datasets]([https://github.com/OMMR4](https://github.com/OMMR4) all/datasets), accessed on 30 May 2022). It consists of 49 pages of the manuscript \"Graduel de Nevers\", which was published in the 12 th century. A total of six different classes are stored in the dataset. These include C-clef, F-clef, Flat-accidentals, and three different types of Note Components (NC), being either a neume start, a gapped or looped NC.  
This dataset is divided into three parts with varying layouts and difficulty, based on human intuition [12]. The first part contains scans with the best notation quality available. The symbols are visually more distinct and separated than in the other parts. Part 2 is the most difficult one, since the notation of the musical components is more dense and the contrast of the staff lines is worse, compared to part 1. Part 3 is similar to part 1, but consists of wavy staff lines and some more challenging musical components.  
The \"Latin14819\" dataset consists of 182 pages of the manuscript \"Latin14819\" (Available under: [[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84229841/](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84229841/)]([https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84229841/](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84229841/)), accessed on 30 May 2022), which was published between the 12 th-14 th century. The notation layout of the available pages is similar to part 1 of \"Graduel de Nevers\". The symbols and lines are distinct, the contrast of the musical components is good and the symbols are often separated by space, which reduces the danger of confusion.  
Figure 1: Staff image written in square notation of the Pa904 (Page 13) dataset. One instance for each class has been marked with a small white number in the picture. There are no instances for the classes F-clef, sharp- and natural-accidental in the example image.  
The Pa904 dataset consists of 20 pages of the manuscript \"Pa904\" (Available under: [[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84324657](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84324657)]([https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84324657](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84324657)), accessed on 30 May 2022). It was published between the 12 th-13 th century. The symbols are much denser here, which makes segmentation more difficult. The ratio of faded to non-faded symbols is also greater than in the other datasets. An overview of the datasets is given in Table 1, an example page for each dataset is shown in Figure 2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **Pages** & **Symbols** & **Symbols/ Page** & **Clefs** & **Accidentals** & **GCN Annotated?** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{l}{Nevers P1} & 14 & 3911 & 279 & 152 & 24 & Yes \\ \multicolumn{1}{l}{Nevers P2} & 27 & 10,265 & 380 & 345 & 37 & Yes \\ \multicolumn{1}{l}{Nevers P3} & 8 & 1669 & 209 & 83 & 1 & Yes \\ \multicolumn{1}{l}{Latin14819} & 182 & 34,762 & 191 & 2108 & 291 & Yes \\ \multicolumn{1}{l}{Pa904} & 20 & 9025 & 451 & 264 & 28 & No \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Overview of dataset properties (Nevers P1 means Part 1). All datasets except Pa904 consist of 8 classes (Notes: looped, gapped, neume start; Clef. C-Clef, F-Clef, Accents: Flat, Sharp and Natural). For Pa904, graphical connections between notes (GCN) are not annotated, resulting in only 6 classes.  
Figure 2: Sample example pages for the used datasets