# Decentralized Public Transport Management System Based on Blockchain Technology +
## 3 System Design and Implementation
### Token-Based Vehicle Monitoring Model  
The proposed model was collaboratively developed in conjunction with a public transportation organization specializing in passenger bus services. Each bus was conceptualized as a macro-token subdivided into 500,000 micro-tokens. This numerical value was empirically derived and is represented as the variable \(Q(T)\) (_Quality_) within the model. The specific numerical assignment of \(Q(T)\) may vary depending on the type of transportation and the particular transportation task, but for urban public transportation buses, it stands at 500,000. Unlike traditional fleet management systems that rely on fixed maintenance schedules and human decision making, our tokenization approach provides a dynamic, real-time assessment of vehicle conditions. Each operational parameter directly affects the token value, creating a comprehensive digital representation of the vehicle's state. This innovative approach transforms abstract wear-and-tear concepts into measurable, actionable metrics, enabling automated, data-driven maintenance decisions. The value of \(Q(T)\) is subject to fluctuations over the course of a bus's operation. In collaboration with the transportation organization, empirical data were collected over a three-month period to determine how the bus token could be depleted or replenished. Consequently, the token depletion rates are outlined in Table 2, while the token replenishment rates are detailed in Table 3. The data in these tables were verified using a mathematical model of the operation of a fleet of buses, and are considered to be reliable for this particular type of public transportation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Metric** & **Description** & **Token Change, Units** \\ \hline One mileage kilometer & Every kilometer reduction. & \(-4\) \\ \hline One passenger & Each transported passenger reduction. & \(-3\) \\ \hline One stop & Each stop reduction. & \(-35\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Temperature conditions} & Working outside the target temperature conditions (below \(-20\) and above \(25\) \\  & degrees Celsius), reduction according to the delta temperature formula from & \multirow{3}{*}{\([-200;-4000]\)} \\  & the border * 200. The average daily temperature is taken. & \\ \hline Precipitation amount & Precipitation in the form of snow or rain reduction & \(-1000\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{A traffic accident} & A blocking incident requiring a return to the park for inspection and recovery. & \\  & An accident is understood as any emergency situation involving other road & \(-300,000\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & users or not. & \\ \hline One change of drivers & Each shift for a new driver (including the first exit per shift) reduction. & \(-750\) \\ \hline One engine hour & Every hour of engine operation reduction. & \(-100\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Token value reduction rules. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Metric** & **Description** & **Token Change, Units** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Routine maintenance} & General inspection of the bus. Some units are & \\  & checked according to the regulations every & 200,000 \\  & 30,000 km, most of them every 15,000 km & \\ \hline Replacing the coolant & Every 30,000 km & 20,000 \\ \hline Replacement of fuel purification filters & Every 30,000 km & 20,000 \\ \hline Oil and oil filter replacement & Every 15,000 km & 20,000 \\ \hline Oil change in the gearbox & Every 60,000 km & 20,000 \\ \hline Oil change in the rear axle carankcase & Every 60,000 km & 20,000 \\ \hline Replacement of brake pads & Every 60,000 km & 40,000 \\ \hline Rubber replacement & Every 6 months & 10,000 \\ \hline Washing & Washing a vehicle & 1000 \\ \hline Repair after an accident & Restoration work after any accident & 300,000 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Token value increase rules.