## 3 Results and Discussion
### Fatty Acid Analysis  
Many reports claim that forage feeding system as opposed to concentrate feeding resulted in beneficial changes in the fatty acids of meat, particularly a shift in n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio and elevated levels of CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) [40, 41]. [PERSON] et al. reported that red clover silage-fed animals had higher proportions of C18: 3-n, total n-3 fatty acids, and PUFA compared to animals fed with grass silage [42]. [PERSON] et al. [43] reported that \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Items** & **CON 1** & **T 2** & **SEM 3** & **4**_p_-Value** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Carcass characteristics} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Carcass weight (kg)} & 401.80 & 444.00 & 12.9 & 0.02 \\ Backfat thickness (mm) & 10.00 & 13.20 & 0.9 & 0.18 \\ Ribey area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 87.60 & 91.00 & 2.1 & 0.05 \\ Dressing percent (\%) & 59.80 & 61.80 & 0.8 & 0.24 \\ Quantity grade 5 & 67.00 & 64.60 & 0.8 & 0.2 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Quality traits} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Marbling score 6} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Lean color 7} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Fat color 8} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Texture 9} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Mature 10} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Quality grade 11} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Total price (KRW/steer)} & 8,863,074 & 8,459,352 & 31,782 & 0.05 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{\dagger}\) Control: Rice straw + concentrate; 2 Treatment: IRG silage + MCC silage + fermented feed; 3 Standard error of the mean; 4 Significance levels; 5 grade A (5 point) \(\sim\) grade D (2 point); 6 low fat (1 point) \(\sim\) high fat (5 point); 7 very light cherry red (1 point) \(\sim\) very dark red (7 point); 8 white (1 point) \(\sim\) yellow (7 point); 9 very fine (1 point) \(\sim\) very coarse (3 point); 10 below 15-month-old (1 point) –from 15 to 26 months old (2 point); 11 grade 1+ (7 point) \(\sim\) grade 3 (1 point). IRG: Italian ryegrass; WCC: whole crop corn.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Carcass characteristics and quality traits of Hanwoo steers fed control or formulated feed. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Items** & **CON 1** & **T 2** & **SEM 3** & **4**_p_-Value** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Chemical compositions} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Moisture (\%)} & 62.23 & 64.00 & 0.89 & 0.30 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Crude fat (\%)} & 14.38 & 14.34 & 1.18 & 0.47 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Crude protein (\%)} & 20.81 & 20.98 & 0.39 & 0.80 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Ash (\%)} & 0.85 & 0.85 & 0.02 & 0.32 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Meat qualities} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Cooking loss (\%)} & 19.89 & 19.63 & 0.67 & 0.50 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Shear force (kg)} & 4.43 & 3.12 & 0.43 & 0.59 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Water holding capacity (\%)} & 56.80 & 57.17 & 0.52 & 0.39 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{pH} & 5.51 & 5.51 & 0.03 & 0.19 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Surface color} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{CIE L *} & 39.07 & 38.49 & 0.65 & 0.99 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{a *} & 24.08 & 21.94 & 0.72 & 0.67 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{b *} & 11.50 & 9.83 & 0.52 & 0.66 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Hunter L *} & 32.71 & 32.21 & 0.57 & 0.99 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{a *} & 19.24 & 17.35 & 0.68 & 0.76 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{b *} & 7.40 & 6.36 & 0.35 & 0.72 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Sensory evaluation} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Color} & 3.33 & 3.81 & 0.10 & 0.05 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Aroma} & 3.38 & 3.16 & 0.13 & 0.41 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Juiciness} & 3.56 & 3.80 & 0.11 & 0.26 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Texture} & 3.48 & 3.88 & 0.10 & 0.06 \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Overall acceptability} & 3.47 & 3.81 & 0.10 & 0.09 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{\dagger}\) control: Rice straw + concentrate; 2 Treatment: IRG silage + WCC silage + fermented feed; 3 Standard error of the mean; 4 Significance levels; 5 CIE: International Commission on Illumination. IRG: Italian ryegrass; WCC: whole crop corn. L—lightness; a—redness; b—yellowness.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Chemical compositions and meat quality characteristics of control or treatment animals. silage-based beef had higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3) than concentrate-based beef.