###### Abstract  
Energy harvesting from piezoelectric materials is quite common and has been studied for the past few decades. But recently, there have been a lot of new advancements in harnessing energy via piezoelectric materials. In this regard, several studies were carried out in analytical chemistry. This paper provides a detailed review of different piezoelectric materials, their fabrication processes, and their applications in analytical chemistry. Detection of the various gases percentage in ambient air is a valuable analytical chemistry technique. Additionally, the benefits of using piezoelectric materials, i.e., crystal for gas and liquid chromatography, virus detection including COVID-19 virus detection, water determination, trace metal analysis and the ability to measure micro weights with quartz crystal with some other applications are also described in this review. Energy harvesting is incredibly important and must be implemented on a large scale. So, developing self-powering devices can resolve the problems, and piezoelectric materials are gaining interest day by day because these materials help in energy generation. energy harvesting; piezoelectric materials; analytical chemistry; COVID-19 virus detection 20231330  
converse effects, and \(e\) is the permitivity value of the dielectric evaluated under constant stress. The direct and inverse piezoelectric effects are shown in below Figure 1.  
\[D=e.E+d_{im}.\,\sigma \tag{1}\] \[\in =d_{jk}\,.\,E+S^{E}.\sigma \tag{2}\]  
Due to the zero internal dipole of piezoelectric materials, when strain is produced, the lattice displacement occurs, which results in the movement of dipoles and ultimately causes electric charge generation, and that charge produces an electric field or piezoelectric potential in the material [10; 11]. Piezoelectric materials are a great source of energy storage and harvesting [11; 12]. From renewable energy inputs, piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) may produce power ranging from nanowatts to microwatts by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy [13; 14; 15; 16]. Piezoelectric energy harvesters are used in a large variety of products that are all around us, especially smart sensors. These devices have wireless communication capabilities with human beings and one another. The advancement of microelectronics and nanoelectronics technology is dependent on piezoelectric materials. The most sophisticated ambient energy harvesting method is piezoelectric transduction, which has found use in various fields, including transportation, construction, wireless electronics, IoTs, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), implantable and wearable devices, and many others [17; 18; 19]. Compared to the other types of energy harvesters, piezoelectric energy harvesters are particularly effective at absorbing vibrational energy because they are lightweight and simple. The graph in Figure 2 depicts the number of publications on PEH from 2000 to 2020. The graph demonstrates the recent progressive rise of PEH [20; 21]. Piezoelectric materials, which include ceramics, single crystals, composites and polymers, have recently been the main topic of research and development. These materials have been made in different forms of device structures, i.e., nanostructure (nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, and nanoparticles) [22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31] and thin film for the development of piezoelectric nano/generators that will be used in a variety of fields. Their favorable properties, including high piezoelectric coefficient, durability, stretchability, and flexibility, made them ideal for various applications like wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things (IoTs). It became simple to harvest energy from the environment for a sustainable power supply to sensor nodes due to the gradual increase in the number of deployed sensor nodes in a variety of fields as well as the significant reduction in the power requirement and node size [32; 33]. Figure 1: Direct and inverse PZT effect [9].