## 4 Discussion
### Attitude and Perception Towards PA  
The main result of this survey was that people with SCI exhibited an overall positive attitude towards PA. This suggests that the importance attributed to PA for health and physical well-being was widely recognized by the participants, indicating strong agreement with the benefits that PA can bring. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating attitude towards PA with use of the TPB [21,22] in people with SCI. However, many studies recognize the impressive impact of a positive attitude to engaging in PA [29]. Knowledge of the benefits of PA may serve as an incentive for participants to engage in PA, as suggested by [PERSON] et al. [30], who highlighted that greater awareness of the beneficial effects of exercise is associated with higher participation in PA programs. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [31] reported that the perception of personal efficacy and knowledge of the benefits of PA are key factors in promoting the adoption of physically active behaviors, especially among populations with chronic conditions or disabilities. The high perception of psychological benefits among participants suggests that individuals with SCI are not only aware of the role of PA in maintaining physical health but also recognize its value in supporting mental well-being. This is particularly promising for people with SCI, since it is aligned with previous research highlighting how PA can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, enhance mood, and foster a sense of purpose in individuals with SCI [29,32]. Responses related to the social dimension of PA revealed greater variability compared to other domains. Many participants acknowledged the importance of social interaction [33], but such variability suggests that relational aspects are not universally perceived as key motivators. This heterogeneity may reflect individual differences in personality, social support networks, and preferences for solitary versus group-based activities. Moreover, individuals who have limited access to peer communities or who experience social isolation due to environmental or attitudinal barriers may be less inclined to view social engagement  
Figure 3: Comparison of active vs. non-active subgroups. Note: ns: not significant * \(p\) < 0.05. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Physical** & **Psychological** & **Motivational** & **Sociality** & **Barrier** \\  & **Domain** & **Domain** & **Domain** & **Domain** & **Domain** \\ \hline _p_**-value** & 0.114 & 0.447 & 0.04 * & 0.238 & 0.053 \\
**Effect size** & 0.259 & 0.125 & 0.293 & 0.192 & 0.316 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: The asterisk symbol (*) is utilized to highlight correlation coefficients with \(p\) < 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Statistics results of the Mann–Whitney U test between active and inactive people with an effect size based on rank-biserial correlation. as a motivating factor. Conversely, those embedded in supportive environments may find social interaction to be a critical enabler of sustained activity [34]. In light of this, programs that foster a sense of community or peer support may help those who find social engagement motivating but may be less relevant for others who prefer more independent forms of exercise. Moreover, social support and encouragement from friends, family, and healthcare professionals emerged as key factors in maintaining a positive attitude towards PA. Recent studies have shown that social support can mitigate the impact of perceived barriers, facilitating the transition to a more active lifestyle and increasing participation in exercise programs [8; 34]. Conversely, a lack of support can exacerbate feelings of isolation and further reduce motivation to engage in regular PA [35]. This underscores the importance of creating inclusive and accessible PA programs that encourage the participation of individuals with SCI by providing them with a supportive environment.