# Using Long-Range Wireless Sensor Network to Track the Illegal Cutting Log
## 3 Result and Discussion
### LoRa Tracking Performance
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Gateway Position** & **Sensor Node** & **GPS New Location** & **Direction Degree** & **Range (Meter)** & **Range (Meter)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Latitude \(-6.974782\) Longitude 107.629622} & \multirow{2}{*}{TX1} & Lat \(-6.970956\) & \multirow{2}{*}{90\({}^{\circ}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{30} & \multirow{2}{*}{330.36} \\  & & Long 107.630331 & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Lat \(-6.973246\) & \multirow{2}{*}{45\({}^{\circ}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{25} & \multirow{2}{*}{266.37} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Long 107.631489 & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Lat \(-6.976169\) & \multirow{2}{*}{305\({}^{\circ}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{20} & \multirow{2}{*}{264.20} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Long 107.631576 & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Lat \(-6.972918\) & \multirow{2}{*}{150\({}^{\circ}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{34} & \multirow{2}{*}{362.28} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Long 107.626974 & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Test Result Tracking of Proposed System at N-LoS Location (Small Forest). as far as 266.37 m, 90\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 330.36 m, 150\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 212.5 m continues until 362.28 m, 305\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 264.2 m, away from the OLG01 gateway. The testing results in the N-LoS area can be seen in Table 3. The gateway OLG01 is placed in a location with Latitude \(-\)6.974782 and longitude 107.629622. All the moving can be defined except when TX2 moved to the location of 362.28 m from the LoRa Gateway since this is far from the range of LoRa Gateway. In Figure 13, no connection between the gateway node and the moving sensor is represented by a dashed line. The processing time to deliver the information is not in real-time with a range of 20-34 s.  
Figure 14 shows the tracking scenario of the N-LoS location at the suburb forest area Batu Kuda Manglayang with different density and altitude of forest characteristics, as seen in Figure 10c. The non-line of sight (N-LoS) tracking scenario at the proposed system monitored the moving sensor node TX1 or TX2 for 225\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 50.19 m, 240\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 217.87 m, 290\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 292.40 m, continuing until 568.24 m; 335\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 194.84 m continues until 454.24 m away from the OLG01 gateway. The resulting testing can be seen in Table 4. The gateway OLG01 is placed in a location with Latitude \(-\)6.8921 and longitude 107.746. The sensor nodes TX1 and TX2 are moved from the gateway position to the predetermined position, as seen in Figure 14; all the movement can be tracked. The system cannot detect the new location of the sensor node when Tx1 moved to the location of  
Figure 14: Non-LoS Tracking Scenario at Suburb Forest Batu Kuda Manglayang. Figure 13: Non-LoS Tracking Scenario at Small Forest inside Telkom University Area. 568.24 m, and Tx2 moved to 454.24 m away from the LoRa Gateway, since this is far from the range of the LoRa Gateway. In Figure 14, no connection between the gateway node and the moving sensor is represented by a dashed line. The processing time to deliver the information is not in real-time with a range of 5-46 s.