# An Exploratory Bibliometric Analysis of the Birth and Emergence of Industry 5.0
## 3 Methods and Data  
Bibliometric methods are statistical analyses used to examine scientific publications and can be used to evaluate and assess scholarly production in a particular field [62]. In recent years, it has become a widely used research method in business and management studies, and there are several \"how to\" guides available [63, 64]. Bibliometric methods are also often used to study the lifecycles and evolution of management concepts and ideas [65, 66]. As [PERSON] and [PERSON] [65] (p. 94) point out, \"bibliometric studies map the interest in management ideas over time by counting numbers of publications on a given topic as well as classifying these into various categories\". While bibliometric methods are often criticized for providing little insight into how management concepts are actually used in organizations [67], they can provide useful insights into the macro-level evolution of management concepts [65]. Since the purpose of this paper is to obtain a birds-eye overview of the birth and emergence of the Industry 5.0 concept as a research area and not its micro-level implementation in a particular organization or industry, employing bibliometric methods is deemed to be an appropriate methodological choice. The bibliometric data used in this study were extracted from the Scopus database (www.scopus.com, accessed on: 13 September 2021). There are several arguments for using Scopus, such as a wider coverage in terms of sources than Web of Science [68,69]. Wide coverage is an important consideration in the context of Industry 5.0 since early publications about a new concept sometimes may be published outside of the core or \"top\" journals in a field. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [64] (p. 42) also note that \"broader coverage is useful for mapping smaller research areas.\" Although Web of Science has coverage that goes back further than Scopus [69], this is not a relevant consideration in this particular study since the history of Industry 5.0 is short. A decision also had to be made regarding the time period for the analysis. Although there is some disagreement about exactly when, where and who introduced and coined the Industry 5.0 term [2, 3, 4, 5], the earliest Scopus-indexed publication is from 2016 [6]. Therefore, it was deemed appropriate to use 2015-2021 as a period for analysis. When it comes to the choice of search terms, we decided to only use \"Industry 5.0\". Moreover, it was decided to search for documents mentioning \"Industry 5.0\" in the abstract, title or keywords, with the aim of not excluding any possibly relevant publications. This is an important consideration given that Industry 5.0 is a new concept and the available body of literature is small. Although previous analyses of Industry 4.0 have used a broader set of search terms, including related terms such as \"smart manufacturing\" and \"smart factories\" [70,71], we decided that the inclusion of other related terms would yield many publications not focusing on Industry 5.0. Moreover, since Industry 5.0 is still an emerging and developing term, it is unclear what other key terms or synonyms are used. Academic literature may be divided into three categories: conventional wisdom (textbooks), scientific literature (scientific journals) and practitioner literature (professionally oriented journals and popularized science books). All three categories are relevant in the context of management concepts since suppliers of concepts write about them in textbooks, conduct academic studies about the use and effects of concepts and present them in a more accessible and popularized way to a managerial audience [72, 73, 74]. Our use of the Scopus database as a data source means that we are primarily able to capture discourse about Industry 5.0 in scientific journals and only to a limited extent practitioner-oriented literature. Since the total volume of publications regarding Industry 5.0 is currently low, we decided to be as inclusive as possible.