## 3 The Model of the Dynamic Allocation of Parking Spaces
### User Optimal Parking Space and System Optimal Parking Space  
User optimal parking space  
First of all, the model calculates the parking space considered by drivers to have the highest value. This parking space is defined as the \"user optimal parking space\", which reflects the parking space with the highest parking satisfaction degree. According to the literature review and questionnaire survey, this paper presents the value of parking spaces by integrating \"the distance between parking space and elevator\", \"the distance between parking spaces and entrance\" and \"occupancy of parking spaces on both sides of parking space\". Among them, the distance between the parking space, the entrance and the elevator can be calculated by the GIS model, and the value of \"occupancy of parking spaces on both sides of parking space\" can be determined by (Table 2). Because the dimensions of the three indexes are not unified, it is necessary to standardize the three indexes:  
The \"occupancy of parking spaces on both sides of parking space\" is an effective index, so Equation (1) is adopted for standardization. \[r^{\prime}_{ij}=\frac{r_{ij}-min_{i}\{r_{ij}\}}{max_{i}\{r_{ij}\}-min_{i}\{r_ {ij}\}} \tag{1}\]  
The \"distance between parking space and entrance and elevator\" are cost indexes, so Equation (2) is used for standardization. \[r^{\prime}_{ij}=\frac{max_{i}\{r_{ij}\}-r_{ij}}{max_{i}\{r_{ij}\}-min_{i}\{r_ {ij}\}} \tag{2}\]  
In Equations (1) and (2), \(r_{ij}\) is the \(j\) index value of the \(i\)th parking space, \(max_{i}\{r_{ij}\}\) and \(min_{i}\{r_{ij}\}\) are the maximum value and minimum value of the \(j\) index. After the above three indexes are calculated, respectively, the three indexes are added up according to Equation (3). \(R_{i}\) in Equation (3) is the user optimal value of the parking space. The parking space with the highest value is the \"user optimal parking space\". \[R_{i}=\omega_{1}r_{i1}+\omega_{2}r_{i2}+\omega_{3}r_{i3} \tag{3}\]  
In Equation (3), \(\omega_{1}\), \(\omega_{2}\), \(\omega_{3}\) are the weights of \"the distance between parking spaces and entrance\", \"the distance between parking space and elevator\" and \"occupancy of parking \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Location of Parking Space** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **The Plate Number on One Side** \\ **Is a** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **The Plate Number on Other** \\ **Side Is b** \\ \end{tabular} & **Value** \\ \hline Separate parking space & a\(=-1\) & b \(=-1\) & 8 \\ The parking space is on the side & platinum [a] == “\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & b \(=-1\) & 7 \\ The parking space is on the side & platinum [a] == “plate number” & b \(=-1\) & 5 \\ The parking space is in the middle & platinum [a] == “\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & platinum [b] == “\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & 8 \\ The parking space is in the middle & platinum [a] == “\({}^{\prime\prime}\) & platinum [b] == “plate number” & 4 \\ The parking space is in the middle & platinum [a] == “plate number” & platinum [b] == “plate number” & 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: “\(-1\)”means there is no parking space on the side.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Scoring table of “occupancy of parking spaces on both sides of parking space”. spaces on both sides of parking space\". The weights were determined by questionnaire survey: \(\omega_{1}\) = 0.334, \(\omega_{2}\) = 0.341, \(\omega_{3}\) = 0.325. In the future, the parking app can allow drivers to score the three indexes, the weights of the three indexes can be adjusted, and the recommended parking space will meet driver's parking preferences. On the basis of \"user optimal parking space\", the \"system optimal parking space\" is calculated by considering the parking occupancy rate of different zones, firstly, by calculating the zone parking occupancy index (the number of parking vehicles divided by the number of parking spaces) of each parking zone in the parking lot, and then, by calculating the \"system optimal parking space\" according to Equation (4).