## 3 Results and Discussion
### In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity Assay  
The MTT assay revealed that _B. hispanica_ extracts have a potent antiproliferative effect on both breast and prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner after 72 h of treatment (Figures 4 and 5; Table 4). The cytotoxic effect of extracts on the morphology of cancer cells tested can be observed under the phase-contrast inverted microscope after cell incubation with different concentrations of plant extracts. Treatment of breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) and prostate (22-RV, LnCap) human cancer cell lines for 72 h with increasing concentrations \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline  & **DPPH (IC50 in** & **ABTS (mg TE/g** & **FRAP (mg AAE/g** \\  & **mg/mL)** & **ExtracD** & **ExtracD** \\ \hline EMS & 0.210 \(\pm\) 0.017 & 56.564 \(\pm\) 1.63 & 79.4 \(\pm\) 0.45 \\ \hline EMM & 0.180 \(\pm\) 0.020 & 60.203 \(\pm\) 0.76 & 80.066 \(\pm\) 3.28 \\ \hline BHT & 0.029 \(\pm\) 0.006 & & \\ \hline Ascorbic acid & 0.007 \(\pm\) 0.001 & & \\ \hline Trolox & 1.93 \(\pm\) 0.05 & & \\ \hline EMM: Extracts obtained with maceration; EMS: Extracts obtained with Soxhlet. & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Antioxidant activity of _B. hispanica_ by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS. of extracts from _B. lispanica_ induced morphological changes (cancer cell detached as well as the loss of anchor properties) when compared to untreated cells (cancer cells attached to neighbors with preservation of anchor properties) revealing that all lines underwent cell death (Figures 4 and 5). The methanolic extract showed higher antiproliferative activity in both breast and prostate cancer cell lines (Figures 4 and 5; Table 4). Indeed, in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, the IC\({}_{50}\) values obtained by the maceration extract were 16.55 \(\pm\) 0.58 \(\upmu\)g/mL and 17.95 \(\pm\) 0.58 \(\upmu\)g/mL, respectively. The values were slightly lower than the IC\({}_{50}\) values obtained with the Soxhlet extract MDA-MB-231 (19.93 \(\pm\) 0.74 \(\upmu\)g/mL) and MCF-7 (20.22 \(\pm\) 0.89 \(\upmu\)g/mL). Regarding prostate cancer cells 22 RV and LnCap, the IC\({}_{50}\) values obtained by the maceration extract (22 RV: 11.75 \(\pm\) 0.35 \(\upmu\)g/mL; LnCap: 11.91 \(\pm\) 0.54 \(\upmu\)g/mL) were also lower than those obtained with Soxhlet (22 RV: 13.47 \(\pm\) 0.52 \(\upmu\)g/mL; LnCap: 19.64 \(\pm\) 1.05 \(\upmu\)g/mL). Even though the maceration extract was found better in reducing cell viability in cancer cell lines, the two extracts (maceration and Soxhlet) did not differ significantly (\(p\) > 0.05). Figure 4: Photograph of cancer cell lines after being treated with _B. hispanica_ extracts. (\(\times\)10; scale bar = 0.5 cm). The results obtained demonstrated that the studied extract possessed antiproliferative potential against the various cell lines resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, the IC\({}_{50}\) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & **MDA-MB-231** & **MCF-7** & **22 RV-1** & **LnCap** \\ \hline EMM (\(\mu\)g/mL) & 16.55 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 17.95 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 11.75 \(\pm\) 0.35 & 11.91 \(\pm\) 0.54 \\ \hline EMS (\(\mu\)g/mL) & 19.93 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 20.22 \(\pm\) 0.89 & 13.47 \(\pm\) 0.52 & 19.64 \(\pm\) 1.05 \\ \hline EMM: Extracts obtained with macetation; EMS: Extracts obtained with Soxhlet. & & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: IC\({}_{50}\) values of _B. Hispanica_ extracts in MDA MB-231, MCF7, LnCap, and 22 rv cell lines. Figure 5: Antiproliferative effect of methanol extracts obtained by macetation (EMM) and Soxhlet (EMS) from _Hispanic_ bark root in MCF-7 (**a**), MDA-MB-231(**b**), 22 RV1 (**c**), LnCap (**d**) cell lines of 72 h post-treatment (concentrations ranging from 4.68 ug/mL to 150 ug/mL for both extracts). (**e**): Effect of mitomycine used as drug reference towrds all cell lines.