# Deciphering Autonomous Vehicle Regulations with Machine Learning
## 4 Results
### Legislative Status
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**State and Status** & **Special Conditions** \\ \hline \hline \begin{tabular}{c} The operator must be an employee, a contractor, or trained personnel, holding a valid operator’s license. AV testers must register each vehicle with the Commissioner of Motor \\ Connecticut (CT) \\ H 6486 (2021): Failed \\ Human: Required \\ \end{tabular} & Vehicles. Requires proof of liability insurance or a surety bond of at least USD 5 million. No testing on limited access highways. If involved in a crash, the vehicle must achieve a minimal risk condition and remain at the crash scene. The owner or a representative must report the crash immediately, remain until law enforcement arrives, and provide necessary information. \\ \hline Maine (ME) & Providers must have a license and maintain at least USD 25 million in insurance coverage. Providers must consent to state authority and have a registered office in Maine. If involved in an accident, the AV shall remain on the scene and the provider shall inform law enforcement that the system was engaged. \\ \hline Massachusetts (MA) & Clearly marked to indicate that it is operating autonomously. Data capture and storage \\ S 2257 (2023): Pending & systems must comply with the department’s requirements. The registrar must certify \\ Human: Required & manufacturers or operators. \\ \hline New Hampshire (NH) & The AV must be capable of achieving a minimal risk condition if it malfunctions. The owner or manufacturer must submit proof of monetary responsibility. \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} New Jersey (NJ) \\ A 1853 (2020): Failed \\ Human: Required \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Manufacturers must apply and receive commission approval. The operator must have the proper license for the vehicle type. Manufacturer’s designated personnel must operate the vehicle. Manufacturer must obtain USD 5 million insurance or surety bond. Manufacturer must provide a written disclosure of information collected by the technology. \\ \hline New York (NY) & \\ A 539 (2023): Pending & The AV must be capable of achieving a minimal risk condition if it malfunctions. \\ Human: Optional & \\ \hline Pennsylvania (PA) & \begin{tabular}{c} Obtain certificate of safety and performance compliance from the Department of Motor \\ Vehicles. Clearly marked to indicate that it is operating autonomously. A \\ manufacturer-designated entity must monitor the vehicle’s operation and be able to \\ remotely intervene if necessary. Must operate within approved geofenced areas. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Rhode Island (RI) & \begin{tabular}{c} No specific laws. However, the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) \\ published a request for information in 2017 seeking advice relating to AV deployments [29]. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Vermont (VT) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Exempts AV tester from the requirement to hold a commercial driver’s license. AV tester \\ must obtain a permit from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and notify the agency of any \\ \end{tabular} \\ Human: Optional &
\begin{tabular}{c} records involved. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Autonomous vehicle legislation in northeastern U.S. states.