## 3 Results
### Culture-Dependent Methods
#### 3.3.2 Identification of Microorganisms
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Target**} & & & \\
**Object of Study** & **Period** & **Region** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Microorganisms** \\ **/Communities** \\ **(com)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Sequencing** \\ **Method** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **CD/CI** \\ **Approaches** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Reference,** \\ **First Author,** \\ **Year** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**EXTERNAL** & & & & & & \\
**SURFACES OF** & & & & & \\
**CHL BUILDINGS** & & & & & & \\ \hline The Chaalis Abbey & ME (1136 AD) & France & B & [PERSON] & [PERSON] & [17] \\ \hline Acropolis at Ek’ & 100 BCE & Mexico & B (com) & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] (PCR \\ products \\ transformation \\ _E. coli_) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} [29] \\ [PERSON] \\ et al., 2006 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Saaleck Castle & & & & & & [22] \\ (with outcropping rock) & ND & Germany & [PERSON], [PERSON] & [PERSON] & CD & [PERSON] et al., 2018 \\ \hline San Leonardo di & & & & & [30] \\ Siponto Church & ME & Italy & [PERSON], [PERSON] (com) & Illumina MiSeq & CI & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2016 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Sacral and public & & & & & & [25] \\ buildings & Various (ND) & Portugal & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] & [PERSON] & CD & [PERSON] et al., 2019 (review) \\ \hline Santa & & & & & [31] \\ Clara-a-Velha & 1283 AD & Portugal & [PERSON], Cy & Sanger & CD & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2008 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Monastery, & & & & & & [32] \\ cathedral, palace & Various (ND) & \begin{tabular}{c} Italy, Portugal, \\ Spain \\ \end{tabular} & B, Cy (com) & Sanger & CD & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2009 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Batalha monastery & 1386 AD & Portugal & B, Cy (com) & Illumina MiSeq & CI & [1,26] \\ Sacral and public & & & & & [33] \\ buildings & Various (ND) & \begin{tabular}{c} Worldwide \\ (Brazil, \\ Mexico) \\ \end{tabular} & Cy & Sanger & CD & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2006 (review) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Djoser and & & & & & & \\ Lahun pyramids & 2670–2650 BCE & Egypt & B, F (com) & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ Illumina MiSeq \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} CD \\ CI \\ \end{tabular} & [PERSON] et al., 2023 \\ \hline The West Lake & & & & & \\ stone cultural & ND & China & Al, Cy, B, F (com) & Illumina MiSeq & CI & [6] \\  & relics & & & & [PERSON] et al., 2023 \\ \hline Tel Megiddo & 5000 BCE & Israel & B, Cy (com) & \begin{tabular}{c} Illumina \\ NovaSeq 6000 \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} CI \\ 2023 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Historic sacral & & & & & \\ buildings & ND & England & \begin{tabular}{c} B, Cy \\ B, Cy (com) \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ Illumina MiSeq \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} CD \\ CI \\ \end{tabular} & [PERSON] et al., 2022 \\ \hline
**CAVES** & & & & & \\ \hline Lascaux Cave wall & Paleolithic & France &
\begin{tabular}{c} F (quantitative \\ analysis) \\ \end{tabular} & Real-time PCR & CI & [PERSON] et al., 2013 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Table with collected information on all included studies, including the microbial groups studied and the sequencing methods and other molecular tools used.