## 1 Introduction  
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is considered a simple training intervention that may acutely improve subsequent athletic performance. IPC comprises inducing ischemia (or multiple cycles) prior to exercise by applying compression cuffs at the maximal proximal part of a limb. The supposed mechanisms underlying the enhancements in exercise capacity following IPC include greater metabolic efficiency [1, 2], increased blood flow [3], and higher neural activation [4]. In the majority of studies examining ischemia [5, 6, 7, 8], IPC is applied to either the upper or lower limbs (depending on which limbs are used predominantly in the subsequent exercise). Standard IPC protocols frequently consist of three to four 5 min cycles, necessitating a lengthy preconditioning period prior to exercise execution. To the best of the author's knowledge, only one study to date has examined the impact of a single IPC cycle on exercise performance [7]. A recent study by [PERSON] et al. [7] revealed that a single 5 min application of IPC to the upper limbs was sufficient to increase barbell velocity during a bench press exercise. Furthermore, probably no studies have investigated the effects of simultaneous IPC application to both the upper and lower limbs, despite there being research confirming the effects of IPC on exercises involving both the upper and lower limbs [9]. The simultaneous application of IPC to the upper and lower extremities could theoretically provide a strong stimulus in a brief period of time, thereby potentially shortening the duration of IPC procedures. The influence of sex on the ergogenic effects of IPC is a factor that has not been investigated extensively. This is especially important considering that females may have a greater proportion of type I muscle fibers [10; 11] and a greater capacity to utilize their aerobic metabolism than males [12]. In fact, a study by [PERSON] et al. [13] revealed that males experienced a larger increase in force production during maximal voluntary knee extensions than females. In accordance with this, a recent study by [PERSON] et al. [14] found that IPC increased sympatholysis during handgrip exercise in males but not in females. This indicates that the ergogenic effects of IPC may be sex-specific. However, there are insufficient studies involving representative female groups on this topic to derive definitive conclusions. Therefore, more research, focusing on both male and female participants, is required to better comprehend any potential sex-related differences in the response to IPC and its overall ergogenic effect. Overall, studies on IPC show performance enhancement in a variety of exercises. [PERSON] et al. [15], for example, demonstrated an improvement in a 5 km running time trial in healthy males after IPC. The authors also observed that IPC was associated with a decreased rise in blood lactate (BLa) concentration, indicating that IPC enables greater work rates and consequently improves time trial performance. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [16] found increased time to exhaustion in arm-crank tests after IPC in recreationally active males compared to a control condition. In addition, there were no significant differences in heart rate (HR) or BLa concentration between the conditions. Consequently, it appears that the ergogenic effects of IPC are meaningful in both upper- and lower-body exercises. Under the protocols of these studies, IPC was applied to the extremities that were engaged in the subsequent exercise. It is important to note, however, that the influence of IPC on efficacy in whole-body exercises has received little attention. [PERSON] et al. [9] did not observe an enhancement in trained rowers' 2000 m rowing test time after IPC was applied to the thighs. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [17] reported a slight 1000 m rowing performance improvement following upper-body IPC. The authors of those studies applied IPC solely to either the lower or upper extremities, although during rowing, the quadriceps, forearms, biceps, and lats are highly active.