# M-Healthcare Model: An Architecture for a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mobile Application
### Previous Research  
The Android mobile application's first development efforts were devoted to managing Type 2 diabetes. At this stage, the research team involved 20 people, consisting of 10 people with diabetes and 10 people without diabetes, in the use of diabetes mobile applications with supporting hardware, namely a wearable band, glucose meter, and treadmill [18]. The results of the initial research were used as reference material for the development of the second stage. At this stage, the researchers evaluated some of the functionality and accessibility of the application by conducting tests involving 40 people, consisting of  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Risk Factor [13; 14]**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & **Factor** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{5} & \multirow{2}{*}{Genetic} & Type 2 DM is thought to be associated with familial aggregation. The empirical risk in the event of Type 2 DM will increase two to six times if there are parents or family members suffering from type 2 DM. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{6} & \multirow{4}{*}{Alcohol and Cigarettes} & An individual’s lifestyle is associated with an increase in the frequency of Type 2 DM. Most of this increase is associated with increased obesity and decreased physical activity; other factors associated with the shift from a traditional to a user-imized environment, including changes in cigarette and alcohol consumption, also play a role in the increase. Alcohol will interfere with blood sugar metabolism, especially in people with Type 2 DM, so it will complicate regulation and increase blood sugar. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Android Features [17]**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & **Features** & **Description** \\ \hline
1 & Storage & A data store, using SQLite, a lightweight database. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{2} & \multirow{2}{*}{Connectivity} & Android not only provides a standard network connection, but also an API that allows apps to connect and interact with other devices using protocols such as Bluetooth, NFC, Wi-Fi P2P, USB and SIP. \\ \hline
3 & Messaging & Supports MMS and SMS \\ \hline
4 & Media support & Media support for audio, video, images (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF), and GSM telephony. \\ \hline
5 & Hardware support & Camera, GPS, compass and accelerometer. \\ \hline
6 & Play store & Online catalog application on smartphones, without using a PC (personal computer) that can download and install applications. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Android features.  
20 people with diabetes and 20 people without diabetes. The results of the second stage of research concluded that there was a need for changes and adaptation of applications for users, especially related to user registration for applications and glucometer and wearable band (smartwatch) connectivity with various versions [19]. Previous researchers have conducted preliminary research through two previous studies (Table 4).