The interest on the lignin valorization started a few decades ago [11; 12; 13]. In the year 2001, two classes of bacterial oxidative enzymes (DyP peroxidase and Sphingobacterium Mn superoxide dismutase) were used to decompose lignin, and to generate vanillin and pyridine-dicarboxylic acids; both compounds were of high interest for chemical industry and synthesis of new compounds and natural medicines [14]. Regarding the species in _Plantago genus_, they are a natural source of a tremendous number of human health products, food ingredients, cosmetic products, and pharmaceutical medicines too [15; 16; 17]. Food ingredient usefulness is basically owing to the high content of fibers, in fact water soluble polysaccharides in the mucilage's class, mainly found in the seed part, namely psyllium; essential amino acids, proteins, Vitamins A, C, K, minerals and trace elements in _Plantaginaceae_ also are of interest for food industry and functional food field. Pharmaceutical usefulness is basically due to the secondary metabolites; the most valuable secondary metabolites in _Plantaginaceae_ are phenylpropanol compounds (caffeic acid esters of plantamajoside and verbascoside type), flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin derivates), iridoid glycosides (e.g., aucubin, catalpol), and allantoin, mostly found in the plant leaf part [18]. Given their special bio-adhesion properties, the best pharmacological effects are expected by the combination of secondary metabolites with polysaccharides fraction, planta  
Figure 1: Chemical structure of lignin (**a**), and the main phenolic monomers (**b**). mucilages being some of the most effective natural remedies in healing wounds, particularly at the level of gastro-intestinal mucosa; healing effects are explained exactly through polysaccharides bio-adhesive properties, more precisely by their ability to bind to the glycosyde chains in the mucin structure, leading to the strengthening of the protective mucopolysaccharideader along the digestive system [19]. Based on the multiple benefits of the soluble polysaccharides (fibers) in humans [20,21], the products derived from seeds and seed chaff from plantain are placed in the category of food-medicines [22, 23, 24, 25, 26]. Thus, they are currently used as active ingredients for special diets, and dietary and food supplements too, being attributed to a plethora of digestive benefits: e.g., constipation and diarrhea benefits, healing gastric and intestinal mucosa damages, managing inflammatory bowel diseases, food intolerance, and disbiosis. Extended digestive benefits of seed and chaff plantain-derived products are also explained by mucilages ability of extracting water from medium, therefore they collect water, toxins, bacteria, and many other compounds in the feces, explaining all, constipation and diarrhea benefits and usefulness, detoxifying activity [23, 24, 25, 26], cholesterol, glucose, fatty acids and bile caption activity as well [27, 28, 29, 30]. In support, in vivo studies [22] on Zucher fatty rats and rats with diabetes type 2 receiving a standard control diet, and lean rats and rats with diabetes type 2 recieving a diet supplemented with seed chaff from _Plantago__ovata_ (3 and 5%, 25 weeks total time) with the purpose of measuring the plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, insulin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\(\alpha\)), and other vascular function parameters' indicated that the diet supplemented with _Plantago__ovata_ fibers (3.5%) prevented the endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and the development of the obesity, also improving dyslipidemia and abnormal plasma concentrations of adiponectin and TNF-\(\alpha\) in Zucker fatty rats. Furthermore, _Plantago_ fibers have the effect of increasing the feeling of satiety, thus promoting maintenance and weight loss too [31], while it does not increase the level of the intestinal gas, thus avoiding the intestinal discomfort.