esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Fault Plane Solutions Determination  
A centroid moment tensor for the main shock of the sequence was published soon after by GCMT ([[https://www.globalcmt.org/CMTSearch.html](https://www.globalcmt.org/CMTSearch.html)]([https://www.globalcmt.org/CMTSearch.html](https://www.globalcmt.org/CMTSearch.html))), suggesting an almost pure strike slip motion with the two nodal planes steeply dipping and striking either N-S or E-W. None of the nodal planes agree with the epicentral distribution in the area surrounding the main shock. In the framework of this study, the first polarities were exploited with the use of the FPFIT program [17]. The recordings of the HUSN stations for earthquakes with magnitudes M\({}_{\rm L}\geq 3.0\) were used for polarities identification.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Direction** & **W-E** & **N-S** & **Depth** \\ \hline Bootstrap Median error (m) & 1447 & 422 & 1806 \\ \hline Jackknife Median St. Deviation Errors (m) & 1055 & 235 & 330 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Median errors computed by the 95% confidence error ellipsoid for the bootstrap method and median errors of standard deviations obtained from the jackknife method. Errors are presented in the three main spatial directions.  
Since most of the stations are located south of the activated area, providing a poor azimuthal coverage, only impulsive onsets were used for the focal mechanism determination. Information on eight focal mechanisms that were calculated in this study is provided in Table 3. The available recordings in all but one solution were in the azimuthal gap range of 122\({}^{\circ}\)-138\({}^{\circ}\), with a median equal to 128\({}^{\circ}\).  
One of the nodal planes determined for the main shock of M\({}_{\rm w}\)5.4, listed fourth in Table 3, striking at 227\({}^{\circ}\), dipping to the northwest at an angle of 45\({}^{\circ}\), shows a good agreement with the epicentral distribution of the relocated seismicity, as this will be discussed in the next section. For the four strongest earthquakes, the available close opposite polarities projections ascertain the robust constraint of the solution (Figure 4d). The significant dextral strike slip component (rake = 160\({}^{\circ}\)) agrees well with the regional stress field pattern. Most of the focal mechanisms determined for the smaller magnitude earthquakes that belong to the same cluster along with the main shock (numbered 1, 2, 3 and 5 in Table 3) are similar to that of the main shock. The fault plane solutions of the stronger earthquakes that occurred south and west of the main cluster, and impressively all of them following the stronger events occurrence of the main cluster, exhibit differentiation of the first nodal plane strike (10\({}^{\circ}\) and 30\({}^{\circ}\) for the events numbered 6 and 7 in Table 3 that belong to the second cluster, and 18\({}^{\circ}\) for the eighth earthquake belonging to the southernmost cluster). They also differ from the gross faulting properties of the Lefkada segment of the KTFZ [8; 18].
# Fivadmi: A Framework for In-Vehicle Anomaly Detection by Monitoring and Isolation +
## 2 Related Work
### In-Vehicle Threats
#### 2.2.2 Cyber Threats  
**Eavesdropping:** The attacker may sniff and store messages transmitted among different components (e.g., between ECUs) of a vehicle, or between a vehicle and the outside world. In _passive eavesdropping_, the attacker may exploit stored messages to achieve various goals such as extracting critical information (e.g., location or route information of a vehicle) to launch further attacks. In _active eavesdropping_, the attacker modifies the content of intercepted messages or creates new messages in different ways such as injection of malicious messages, delay of the transmission of messages, and/or reorder the transmission of messages, to produce a malicious effect on the operation of the vehicle [2; 18; 44].  
**Denial of Service**: As for in-vehicle _DoS attacks_, the attacker may cause disruption in authorized communication channels by applying different techniques such as jamming wireless medium or external facing sensors [2; 30; 45; 46].  
**Replay Attack**: In a _replay attack_, an attacker may record authenticated transmitted messages. Subsequently, the valid messages are retransmitted to gain entry to the vehicle or to perform illegitimate operations [15; 18; 31; 47].  
**Code Modification and Code Injection**: The attacker may gain unauthorised access to some components (e.g., IVN, ECUs) of a vehicle through other types of attacks (e.g., replay attack) and inject harmful code in ECUs to produce malicious effects or perform malicious modification to ECU code [2; 18].  
**Packet Fuzzing:** The attacker continuously sends invalid data to a component (e.g., ECU) to trigger error or fault condition, with an intention that the error condition may expose security loopholes that can be exploited to carry out further attacks [2; 6].
## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Methods** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** & **Applicability** \\ \hline FCM clustering method [14], & The clustering results and & It is necessary to determine & It is suitable for large-grained \\ Self-organizing competition & related parameters are & the classification parameters & network cluster structure, the \\ neural network clustering & obtained automatically & in advance, and the & network of core and \\ method [15], Adaptive & according to the & correlation between indicators & peripheral structure can only \\ clustering method [19] & characteristics of index data. & is seldom considered. & be roughly divided. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & It is suitable for \\ \(\text{The correlation of the index}\) & The importance ranking of \\ \(\text{and the influence of the index}\) & The importance can only be given, and \\ \(\text{weight are considered, and}\) & the importance level needs to \\ \(\text{CSM}\)[22], TOPSIS [17; 18] & the ranking of each evaluation \\ \(\text{object can be obtained.}\) & spatial heterogeneity of road \\ \(\text{network are not considered.}\) & network are not considered. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Description of some comprehensive evaluation methods. Furthermore, reliable traffic measurements and traffic monitoring to prevent network congestion and to prevent the depletion of the capacity of nodes in the transport network are very important. Some scholars have proposed traffic flow monitoring or prediction methods for road network nodes under emergencies [23; 24; 25; 26]. In addition, many scholars have carried out research on traffic emergency disposal measures and methods under urban road network emergencies [27; 28; 29; 30]. Therefore, given the above problems, this paper comprehensively considered the structural characteristics and traffic functional characteristics of the urban road network and constructed the attribute index of complex road network node recognition from three aspects: local attribute, global attribute, and functional attribute. The classification and identification model of key nodes in the operation period of the urban road network was constructed by combining TOPSIS (approximate ideal solution sorting method) and DT (dynamic classification method). A grade identification method of the critical node in an urban road network is proposed based on multi-attribute evaluation correction. That is, using the multi-attribute assessment method to modify dynamic clustering results. And then the final node grade is obtained based on the corrected classification results. Finally, a road network example was analyzed and verified.
## 3 The CBIRD Device Architecture
The CBIRD is a flexible architecture that can accommodate both \(n\)-type and \(p\)-type absorbers, and can suppress surface leakage dark current by interrupting the surface leakage path. Out of the three types of CBIRDs discussed in this section, the n-CBIRD is the most robust with respect to etched sidewall surfaces, and tends to have the best dark current characteristics. However, the attainable (V)LWIR QE in the n-CBIRD is limited. The p-CBIRD has enhanced QE due to longer electron diffusion length afforded by the \(p\)-type absorber, but requires a deep etch that exposes a large area of sidewall surface that inverts to degenerate \(n\)-type; the surface \(p\)-\(n\) junction can be a source of surface-related dark current if not well passivated. The pn-CBIRD also has enhanced QE, but with a reduced inverted sidewall surface area. However, the pn-CBIRD contains a metallurgical \(p\)-\(n\) junction which can be source of G-R and tunneling dark current. There are tradeoffs among the three types of CBIRDs, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
## 2 Related Works  
Many optimization studies have been conducted for optimizing AES thus far. As non-graphic operation becomes possible using GPU CUDA, research has been carried out to implement AES on GPU using CUDA [4]. As the possibility of AES research in the GPU environment was suggested, an implementation study was also conducted in which the tables used in AES are copied to shared memory [5]. Later, there was a study of optimizing AES on Kepler GPU architecture using the micro-benchmark analysis method [6]. Recently, a bitslice method that encrypts AES with simple computations advantageous to GPUs has been studied while excluding the use of tables with a large computational load [7; 8]. As new GPU architectures, Maxwell and Pascal have been developed; some studies optimized AES in the environment [9]. Author1 [9] presented an optimization method for memory copy between CPU and GPU as well as the implementation of parallel encryption. As with AES, there is a study that LEA has been optimized through parallel encryption in the GPU environment [10]. In addition, studies on parallel optimization of AES and LEA using fine-grain and coarse-grain implementation techniques have been conducted [11; 12].  
Although CHAM and LEA are designed with a lightweight block cipher algorithm that operates on small IoT devices, the characteristics of using simple bit operation as the main encryption operation have excellent computational efficiency in GPU. Since CHAM is a recently proposed cipher algorithm, its performance was not extensively studied including GPU environments. Although some optimization studies have been conducted in the microcontroller environment [13; 14], which is the operating environment of the lightweight cryptographic algorithm, there is no prior implementation of CHAM in the GPU environment as far as we know. Similar to CHAM, most of the studies conducted on LEA were optimization implementation studies in an embedded environment [10], and few studies were conducted on GPUs [12; 15].  
Table 1 summarizes the results of studies conducted on AES, CHAM, and LEA.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Derived Powder Properties: Powder Flowability  
Powder flow properties are a critical attribute that directly affects performance in the manufacturing process. Understanding and controlling the flow properties of powder can help produce handling products with high versatility. A powder form containing a functional extract, as in the case of MPA spray-dried powder, can be used for the preparation of oral dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, or sachets or to become part of a food functionalization process. Thus, information on flowability is very important when an industrial filling process has to be designed or tuned. Based on the Hausner ratio and  
Figure 5: Macroscopic image, dimensional distribution curve and SEM image of lyophilized Aglianico raw extract AGL-28 (**a,c,e**) and MPA powders (**b,d,f**).  
Carr's compressibility index, the higher the values of the Carr Index and Hausner ratio, the lower the flowability of the powder, the MPA powder was within excellent flow behavior range according to USP classification (Tables 2 and 8).
## 4 Conclusions  
A gene-to-terpene network was revealed by an integrated approach combining metabolites (41 terpenes), target gene transcripts (82 genes), and gene function analyses in _C. sinensis_. Five terpene synthases whose expression positively correlated with farnesene were selected. Both in vitro and in planta analysis confirmed that TPS2 is involved in the biosynthesis \(\alpha\)-farnesene, \(\beta\)-ocimene and \(\beta\)-farnesene in _C. sinensis_ plants. These data also suggested that our gene-to-terpene network was a reliable method for novel terpene-related genes discovery in _C. sinensis_ and other economical plants  
Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials can be found at [[http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/2/655/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/2/655/s1)]([http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/2/655/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/2/655/s1)).  
**Author Contributions:** [PERSON] and [PERSON] conceptualized the initial study; [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] were involved in the experimental layout; [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] performed the lab experiments; [PERSON] and [PERSON] drafted the initial article; all authors discussed the results, reviewed the article, and approved the final article. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018 YFD1000601), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870678; 31961133030), Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scientists of Anhui Province (1908085J12).  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.  
**Abbreviations**  
AACT Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase AsODNs Antisense oligonucleotide At Arabidopsis thaliana CsAFS \(\alpha\)-farnesene synthase in _Camellia sinensis_ CMK Cytidyl (4-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-b-erythritol kinase CsNES Nerolidol synthase in _Camellia sinensis_ CsNES/LIS Nerolidol/linalool synthase in _Camellia sinensis_ CsOCS \(\beta\)-Ocimene synthase in _Camellia sinensis_ DMAPP Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate DMNT 4,8-Dimethyllnona-1,3,7-triene DXR 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose5-phosphate reductase DXS 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase FAS Farnesene synthase FDS Farnesyl diphosphate FPP Farnesyl pyrophosphate FL First leaf GC-MS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GDS Geranyl diphosphate GPP Geranyl pyrophosphate HDR 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyldiphosphate reductase HDS 1-Hydroxyl-2-methyl-2-(_E_)-butenyl-diphosphate synthase HMGS 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (a synthase) HMGR 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme (a reductase) HUS Humulene synthase IDI Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase IPP Isopentenyl pyrophosphate LIS Linalool synthase LS Limonene synthase MCT 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidyltransferase MDC Mevalonate-5-phosphate decarboxylase MDS 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase
## 1 Introduction
Active lesions, which continue to progress under acid attack, can be controlled through dietary adjustments, tooth brushing, and the use of fluoride-containing toothpaste [15]. However, it has been reported that toothpaste can be swallowed by children in the primary dentition period due to their inadequate control of the swallowing reflex and the inability to spit, which causes continuous and high-dose exposure to fluoride, resulting in various side effects [16; 17]. Acute fluoride toxicity is characterized by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting occurring shortly after the ingestion of large amounts of fluoride. Due to its affinity for bone and dental tissues, prolonged exposure to high fluoride concentrations can lead to fluoride accumulation in these tissues, resulting in dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis [18]. In addition, it has been reported that fluoride can cause damage at both the organelle and organ levels, adversely affect the endocrine system, and that high concentrations of fluoride, particularly with chronic exposure, have neurotoxic effects, as evidenced by animal studies [17; 19; 20; 21]. Although fluoride has been proven effective and is considered the gold standard in remineralization treatments, new agents are being researched as alternatives due to potential side effects. These agents can be added to toothpaste to reduce or eliminate the fluoride content. Promising options are reported to be effective in remineralizing initial cautious lesions. While toothpastes containing these agents are available on the market and offer ease of access and use, more information is needed regarding their effectiveness [22; 23; 24; 25]. During tooth brushing with toothpaste, tooth surfaces are cleaned not only by mechanical brushing but also by the toothpaste's abrasives. Daily oral care needs to differ in adults and children due to physiological and structural differences among primary teeth, young permanent teeth, and adult permanent teeth [26]. Therefore, toothpastes should be evaluated not only in terms of fluoride content but also in terms of abrasiveness, according to the age groups of children. Since there are only a few studies about the effects of toothpastes for children on the remineralization and surface roughness of primary teeth, further studies are needed on this subject [25; 27; 28]. The effects of the toothpastes investigated on primary teeth in our study were not compared with those of previous studies and were not evaluated with microhardness, AFM, and SEM analyses. This study aimed to examine the remineralization capacity of five different commercially available toothpastes for children on primary tooth enamel with artificial initial caries formed under in vitro conditions, their effects on enamel surface roughness, and the relationship between their abrasive effects and remineralization.
## 4 Experiment  
Comprehensive analysis of the energy utilization and uniformity of the simulation results was conducted using the Huaguang TO5 red laser, YL180409-045 red LED, and YL180409-046 blue LED, all of which built our experimental system according to the simulation position of each light source, as shown in Figure 9 for the experiment. The position distribution map of each light source was in the system. In order to verify the reliability of the simulation results, we delineated the illumination plane at a distance of 50 cm and 50 cm at a distance of 40 cm vertically below the light source plane. The irradiation plane was equally divided into 100 points, and the radiation value of each point was measured with the LI-250A irradiance meter.  
Figure 10 shows the irradiance distribution of the irradiation plane. Using the irradiance value of each point, the uniformity was 85.3% and the radiant power reaching the illuminated plane accounted for 78.4% of the light power of the light source. The energy utilization rate was 78.4%. We verified the authenticity of the simulation results through specific experiments. The laser and LED irradiance models established in this paper were suitable for computer algorithms and had real operability. Each plant factory laboratory had the potential to design plant lighting systems with reference to the methods in this paper. The irradiation system of energy utilization and uniformity was comprehensively selected.  
Figure 10: Radiation illuminance distribution diagram of the irradiation plane.  
Figure 9: Location of each light source.  
This paper made three simulations for the above problems and selected the arrangement of \(d=0.3\) for the experiments. The experimental results proved the feasibility of this method.  
Comparing the experimental results with [PERSON] [15], it can be seen that not only the uniformity level was comparable but also the key issue of energy utilization was considered comprehensively. [PERSON] et al. did not consider the uniformity of the radiometer irradiation surface.
# High-Frame-Rate 3-D Vector Flow Imaging in the Frequency Domain
###### Abstract  
Ultrasound vector Doppler techniques for three-dimensional (3-D) blood velocity measurements are currently limited by low temporal resolution and high computational cost. In this paper, an efficient 3-D high-frame-rate vector Doppler method, which estimates the displacements in the frequency domain, is proposed. The novel method extends to 3-D an approach so far proposed for two-dimensional (2-D) velocity measurements by approximating the (x, y, z) displacement of a small volume through the displacements estimated for the 2-D regions parallel to the y and x directions, respectively. The new method was tested by simulation and experiments for a 3.7 MHz, 256-element, 2-D piezoelectric sparse spiral array. Simulations were also performed for an equivalent 7 MHz Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer spiral array. The results indicate performance (bias \(\pm\) standard deviation: \(6.5\pm 8.0\)) comparable to the performance obtained by using a linear array for 2-D velocity measurements. These results are particularly encouraging when considering that sparse arrays were used, which involve a lower signal-to-noise ratio and worse beam characteristics with respect to full 2-D arrays.  
ultrasound 3-D vector Doppler; vector velocity imaging; high-frame-rate imaging; plane wave imaging; sparse arrays; spiral arrays Article
# Effect of Plasma Treatment of Titanium Surface on Biocompatibility
###### Abstract  
It was recently reported that implant osseointegration is affected by surface wettability. The relationship between hydrophilicity and cell adhesion was corroborated by numerous in vivo studies. Concentrated alkali improves the biocompatibility of pure titanium. Research was conducted on the mechanism by which this treatment increases hydrophilicity. In the present study, we used atmospheric pressure plasma processing to enhance the hydrophilicity of the material surface. The aim was to assess its influences on the initial adhesion of the material to rat bone marrow and subsequent differentiation into hard tissue. Superhydrophilicity was induced on a pure titanium surface with a piezobrush, a simple, compact alternative to the conventional atmospheric pressure plasma device. No structural change was confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning probe microscopy (SPM) observation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis presented with hydroxide formation and a reduction in the C peak. A decrease in contact angle was also observed. The treated samples had higher values for in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption, rat bone marrow (RBM) cell initial adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity tests, and factors related to bone differentiation than the untreated control. The present study indicated that the induction of superhydrophilicity in titanium via atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with a piezobrush affects RBM cell adhesion and bone differentiation without altering surface properties.  
Keywords: osseointegration; piezobrush; rat bone marrow cell; superhydrophilicity +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Physics Letters
## 6 Simulation Results
### Network Performance Parameters: Definitions
#### 6.1.3 Throughput  
This is defined as the number of successfully received data packets at the sink. Throughput is measured in packets/second.