###### Abstract  
Amidst population aging and lifestyle shifts, the incidence of neurological disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease is increasing, profoundly affecting patients' cognitive functions and everyday life. Conventional cognitive rehabilitation approaches often necessitate substantial time and manpower, yet their outcomes remain uncertain. Although computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation offers convenience, it can be somewhat monotonous in its experience. Virtual reality (VR) technology has introduced a novel pathway for cognitive rehabilitation, enhancing personalization and outcome assessment through tailored immersive environments and real-time data recording. This paper aims to survey the application of VR in cognitive rehabilitation, examining its impact on improving memory, attention, motor function, and social skills. A systematic review methodology was employed, following PRISMA guidelines, to identify and analyze relevant studies from 2010 to 2023. Recognizing that patients with different conditions have varying needs for the immersive and social aspects of VR, we propose the Multi-Dimensional VR Cognitive Rehabilitation Theory Model (MD-VRCRTM). This model categorizes cognitive rehabilitation technologies into six primary types: individual immersive, individual semi-immersive, individual non-immersive, multiplayer immersive, multiplayer semi-immersive, and multiplayer non-immersive rehabilitation systems. This categorization aims to cater to the specific requirements of various patients. For instance, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may benefit more from multiplayer VR applications to enhance social skills; those with Parkinson's disease (PD) might profit from immersive VR to facilitate motor function recovery; stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients may require highly immersive VR experiences to boost concentration and treatment efficacy; and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients may be better suited to non-immersive or semi-immersive VR to minimize cognitive load and receive cognitive stimulation. virtual reality; neurological disorders; cognitive rehabilitation 22 May 2024201  
cognitive rehabilitation includes three main approaches: cognitive training, behavioral therapy, and physical therapy. Cognitive training improves patients' cognitive functions through tasks and exercises such as memory games and attention training. Behavioral therapy helps patients cope with cognitive disorders by changing their behaviors and thinking patterns, such as establishing regular habits to improve memory and executive functions. Physical therapy promotes brain function rehabilitation through exercise; for example, improving spatial abilities via balance training. Traditional computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation methods typically use specially designed software programs to train and improve a patient's cognitive functioning, and these programs can provide individualized training based on patient needs. These methods do not involve virtual reality technology and only use common computer equipment, including keyboards, mice, and screens, which are easy to use and less expensive, but lack immersion, are less interactive, and are more boring. In recent years, with the advancement of computer technology, some new cognitive rehabilitation has utilized virtual reality technology and computer-assisted training [7] to provide a more personalized and colorful rehabilitation environment to promote cognitive improvement. The development of virtual reality technology originated in the 1960s, yet it has only recently experienced significant growth. This growth is attributed to advancements in computer graphics, sensor technology, and display devices, which have enhanced the realism, immersion, and practicality of VR technology. Currently, VR technology is extensively utilized in gaming, entertainment, education, and healthcare sectors. Virtual reality technology enables the simulation of real-world environments and immerses users through devices such as head-mounted displays.