# Numerical Investigation of the Pile-Soil Interaction Problem under Dynamic Loads
Additionally, the amplification of the acceleration response spectrum of the raft with DMWs was found to be significantly lower than that of the raft without DMWs for long periods of 1-2 s.  
[PERSON] (2018) investigated the monopile-soil interaction in layered soils with a numerical model that calculates the rotation and horizontal responses as a function of the frequency. Analyses in both frequency and time domains showed how the kinematic interaction affected the earthquake loads applied to the offshore wind turbine. According to the results obtained, tower response and bending moments are greater when kinematic interaction is included in SSI analyses in all soil profiles. The effect of kinematic interaction appeared to be greater in stiffer soils. [PERSON] et al. [18] developed a three-dimensional finite element model to evaluate soil pile performance based on the 1 g shaking table test. Kobe earthquake records were used in the analysis. Lateral ground acceleration was used to simulate seismic effects. The numerical model takes into account the nonlinearity of the material and the nonlinearity of the contact surfaces between the pile and the soil. As a result of the study, it was observed that the maximum pile settlement varied between 5 and 10 s during the magnification of the applied ground motion. The pile and soil were subjected to pressure and tension cycles due to increased acceleration. Analyses showed that shear stresses decreased as a result of dynamic excitation. [PERSON] et al. [12] examined the dynamic effects of the pile-soil system under axial loading in liquefiable soil layers using the 3D finite element method. In the study, an advanced soil strength law based on a multi-surface plasticity model was used for soil-fluid interaction and pore water pressure development. It was observed that as the axial load applied to the pile increased, the liquefaction depth decreased. It was also observed that the bending moment of the pile under axial loading may be higher than in the non-liquefiable case. [PERSON] et al. [13] examined the effect of pile spacing on the dynamic behavior of pile groups by performing specially designed dynamic centrifuge experiments on pile foundations embedded in a two-layer soil profile. According to the experimental results, it was observed that pile-group effects decrease with the increase in pile spacing, which leads to larger kinematic pile bending moments in a pile group due to reduced pile-soil-pile interactions. However, reduced pile-group effects were observed in the widely spaced pile group, resulting in larger bending moments compared to the closely spaced pile group. It was also concluded that a single pile always had larger bending moments than the pile groups tested. [PERSON] et al. [19] investigated the nonlinear stochastic seismic behavior of piles using a three-dimensional finite element program. For this purpose, the finite element model was validated using full-scale lateral load test results in the literature. Then, solutions were created using a validated three-dimensional numerical model and stochastic seismic response analysis. In the study, the mean, standard deviation, and probability density function of pile settlement and the dynamic reliability of piles for various performance requirements were obtained. The stochastic seismic response analytical method proposed in this study is considered to provide a convenient and comprehensive way to quantify various uncertainties and their corresponding effects on the seismic performance of pile foundations. [PERSON] et al. [20] investigated the dynamic behavior and parameter effects of inclined straight group piles under the influence of an earthquake using a finite element program. In the analysis, it was seen that the inclination angle of the inclined piles under the influence of the earthquake significantly affected the seismic behavior of the pile group.