## 6 Define
### Alternatives
#### 6.1.1. Applicative Example: The Explore Phase in the Gwangmyeong Project  
A. _Case Study Reworking_  
The task of this phase involved reworking ATMosfera, the case study selected in the _Analyze_ phase (Section 5.2.1), to develop a series of pre-projects. The design team followed the design approach suggested by the guidelines (cf. Section 6.1: A. Case Study Reworking). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \(\Delta\)**G**(**M**)** & **DESCRIPT** & **METHODS/TOPOS** & **QUTPUT** \\ \hline \hline
**Case Study Reworking** & & & \\ \hline Component Identification & Breakdown of the case study into its & & \\  & fundamental components & Analysis/(1), (4), (5) & List of Components \\ \hline \hline Component Analysis & Evaluation of the purpose, effectiveness, & & \\  & and contribution of each component & Analysis/(1), (4), (5) & Components Analysis \\ \hline \hline Component Reorganization & Development of alternative & & \\  & configurations or applications of the & Design/(2), (3), (4), (5) & **Pre-Project** \\ \hline
**Integration of Digital Tools** & & & \\ \hline (1) Data Analytics Software & Comparison and analysis of data & Alteryx, Tableau & Analytical Reports \\ \hline (2) Modeling and & Development and communication of & AutoCAD, Illustrator, & \\ Visualization Software & spatial ideas & Rhino & 2D and 3D Models \\ \hline (3) BIM Software & Generation, analysis, modification, and & & \\  & development of spatial ideas & & \\  & Task management and tracking of & Asana, Trello, & \\ (4) Collaboration Software & project progress & Microsoft Team & Design Progress Sharing \\ \hline (5) Sharing Platforms & Information collection and sharing & Google Drive, Dropbox & Accessible Data \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Outline of the _Explore_ phase. 1. Component Identification: The concept of a component may encompass spatial, functional, material, aesthetic, or other aspects (cf. Section 6.1: A. Case Study Reworking, 1). In ATMsofera, due to space limitations and the need for optimization, function and space are closely intertwined, with each determining the other (\"one function, one space\"). This observation led to the identification of the following spatial-functional components (Figure 6): * Technical Area: The space for the driver and on-board assistant. * Service Area: An area comprising the kitchen and a vestibule (filter) space. * Common Area: A system consisting of a welcoming space (i.e., the customer reception area) and a permanency zone (i.e., the dining area). * Toilet: Toilet facilities. 2. Component Analysis: Components were analyzed in terms of their function, dimensions, technical equipment, materials, quantitative data, and contribution to the design. The analysis revealed a hierarchy among components, with the common area as the central \"served\" space, the service and toilet areas as \"servant\" spaces, and the technical area as the \"brain\" of the system. Composed of two strongly interconnected and inseparable sub-components (welcoming and permanency), the common area was recognized as the spatially central and leading component. This is the space from which the project starts and around which the project is organized. 3. Component Reorganization: The team was subsequently divided into groups of two or three to develop independent design proposals. The groups reconfigured the components to explore how their rearrangement could create the spaces outlined in the Objectives Report, namely, Catering, Classroom, Work (Office/Coworking), Conference Room, and Multifunctional Use (see Section 5.2.1: C. Definition of Project Objectives, 2). While it is not feasible to detail all outcomes of this phase in this paper, two significant pre-projects are worth further attention. * Pre-Project 1 (Figure 6, bottom): This solution suggested reassembling the components of ATMsofera on the original Serie 1500 vehicle.