# Visualising the Relevance of Climate Change for Spatial Planning by the Example of Serbia
If they are realised, these estimates will have numerous negative effects on many sectors, especially hydrology and water resources, forestry, agriculture, and healthcare. Spatial planning, owing to its multidisciplinary nature, is recognized as a key element in dealing with climate change, referring to both mitigation and adaptation [14; 15]. It is considered to be a framework that plays a crucial role in linking mitigation and adaptation to climate change [16; 17], as well as reconciling various elements of built-up space and environment in which interventions are required [18]. The latest prognoses of climate change trends indicate that it will have serious negative impacts on humanity and consequently create challenges in the field of spatial planning, particularly in aspects of land use regulation, urban design, planning engineering measures, and adaptation/mitigation infrastructure which play a crucial role in coping with future challenges [11; 19; 20]. At the city level, it has been proved that engaged spatial planning reduces the severity of the heat island effect [18], while on a more general scale, it will be the key to solving challenges such as population displacement caused by climate change impact [11]. Although the history of spatial planning is very long, decision-makers in Europe have only recently started to consider it a tool in combating the negative effects of climate change [21], but still not as much as they should or could [22; 23]. Some case studies have been conducted to analyse and assess the impact of spatial planning on climate resilience (e.g., [21; 22]). There are also a few international initiatives that emphasize the role of spatial planning instruments in coping with climate change, such as the CLISP--Climate Change Adaptation by Spatial Planning in the Alpine Space Project [24] or OECD Climate Change in the European Alps--Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management publication [25]. The results of the literature search on the topic of visualization methods in spatial planning related to climate change did not indicate that researchers have addressed this issue. From experience, as well as a review of existing plans analysed in this work, it has been shown that, apart from maps, other visualization tools for representing or analysing climate change issues are not in use. Maps, as a means of visualisation, have always been part of spatial planning. Geographically represented visualisation has been greatly improved and popularized with the introduction of Geographical Informational Systems (GIS) [26]. But, maps are not the only tool for visual communication with stakeholders. Namely, the development and popularization of technology have brought many new opportunities and tools to visualise urban and spatial planning measures and concepts [27; 28]. Currently, the use of virtual reality and augmented reality are new trends with growing relevance for planning and public participation processes [29; 30]. All these methods that are closely related to the use of technology and visualisation became indispensable during the COVID-19 pandemic because it was the only way to include stakeholders in the planning process [31]. This research aims to suggest a set of visualisation tools in analysis and decision making in the spatial planning process with regard to climate change. Spatial planning (spatial plans) is understood here to be a management tool to deal with the global challenge of climate change effects and awareness. The tools were applied to the example of Serbia, i.e., its spatial-planning documents on the national and regional level. The suggested tools have an internationally applicable value since, with slight adjustments, they can be applied in any other territorial context. The Data and Methods chapter will present more details on the chosen tools and research process, followed by the Results chapter, where the presented tools will be applied to the example of Serbia's spatial-planning documents.