# The Application of Augmented Reality in the Automotive Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
## Results
### Benefits and Challenges of AR Systems  
The main areas of the automotive industry in which AR studies have been conducted include the improvement of driver safety, the improvement of product design performance and manufacturing operations and higher quality training for assembly and maintenance. Figure 17 presents the distribution of the main areas of the automotive industry in which AR can bring improvements. The main benefits were classified in six categories (i.e., better training, enhanced safety conditions, performance improvement, faster execution of activities, error reduction, usage satisfaction). We identified nine papers that emphasized better training methods using AR. The training for assembly and maintenance can be improved by using AR due to the possibility of personalizing the experience considering the operator's level of expertise. The training process becomes more intuitive due to on-the-job instructions provided by the AR. We identified in four studies that using collocated step-by-step instruction for maintenance or service tasks can reduce errors. Furthermore, among the benefits of using AR we identified three studies that report positive usage satisfaction of AR-guided assembly or maintenance tasks. One of the important benefits of this method is the enhanced safety of driving conditions, which was identified in 27 papers. AR provides a novel method of displaying information for the automotive industry. It can provide real-time route information for car passengers, traffic information and also data related to traffic management systems. It can also be used to evaluate safety issues such as collision avoidance, driver safety and fatigue. AR can also be used to improve the driver's overall experience in terms of the safety and reliability of the vehicle. The driver can use AR systems to become more comfortable in the vehicle and increase awareness while driving. By using AR, the driver will be able to see the road ahead from their seat, while also having the possibility of inspecting the overlaid map in the field of view. Another important benefit of this method is the enhanced safety of driving conditions. AR provides a novel method of displaying information for the automotive industry. It can provide real-time route information for car passengers, traffic information and also data related to traffic management systems. It can be also used to evaluate safety issues such as collision avoidance, driver safety and fatigue. AR can also be used to improve the driver's overall experience in terms of the safety and reliability of the vehicle. The driver can use AR systems to become more comfortable in the vehicle and increase awareness while driving. By using AR, the driver will be able to see the road ahead from their seat, while also having the possibility of inspecting the overlaid map in the field of view. Figure 17: Distribution of benefits according to the selected articles. In the design phase, AR has been used for the inspection and improvement of vehicle designs by superimposing various 3D models on real-world car body mock-ups in order to evaluate the resulting product. By using this evaluation method, the modification within the car interior looks realistic and can be applied to the real car prototype. We identified 21 papers that highlighted the improvements of performance in design. The AR system has the potential to improve efficiency and achieve faster execution of activities (identified in nine papers) due to its visual data output that can help the operator to perform the task in an intuitive and interactive way. While AR offers many advantages, the usage of AR in the automotive industry raises several challenges. One of the most crucial technical challenges encountered in the selected articles is the alignment of the real environment and virtual objects. About 72% of the studies used visual tracking as the registration method.