## 1 Introduction  
Considering the climatic changes caused, among others, by the greenhouse effect, limiting the greenhouse gas emissions, including CO\({}_{2}\), is a priority. The total world production of Portland cement accounts for about 8% of anthropogenic CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [1]. This has led to scientists expressing increasing interest in developing sustainable binding materials that can replace Portland cement as a binder for concrete. A potential alternative is geopolymers [2], which demonstrate higher impact resistance [3, 4], sulphate aggression resistance [5], and thermal resistance [6, 7] compared to ordinary concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA), which are industrial by-products, are often used as precursors for aluminosilicates in the alkali-activated reaction of geopolymers production. In this reaction, GGBFS and FA dissolve under the action of alkaline hydroxides and/or silicates; then polycondensation takes place [8]. The alkaline activation by GGBFS and FA causes the creation of calcium-aluminium-silicate gel (C-A-S-H) [9] and sodium-oxide-silicate gel (N-A-S-H) [10], respectively. It has been found that the mixed GGBFS and FA geopolymer, due to the high cross-linking of the reactionproducts, surpasses the one-phase geopolymer in terms of workability [11], compressive strength, drying shrinkage [12] and resistance to chloride penetration [13]. Despite the everyday use of polyvinyl chloride for package manufacturing, large amounts of waste glass are still produced worldwide. Most of this glass comes from beverage bottles and food packaging [14]. Additional waste glass is produced during building demolitions and renovations. In 2021, 250,000 tons of waste glass were produced monthly in the European Union [15]. Broken glass is at present a significant component of municipal solid waste. Waste glass consists not only of glass packaging but also of flat glass, laboratory glass, bulb glass, and decorative glass. The rising demand for chemically strengthened glass products, like monitors, tablets, and smartphone screens, has also caused an increase in the volume of waste glass, making it challenging to utilise and process [16]. In 2018, broken glass comprised more than 5% of the municipal solid waste stored at landfill sites in the USA [17]. Glass that is stored in landfills or calcined does not decompose, but it increases the total volume of the waste produced by these waste management methods. Additionally, this glass cannot be used for energy recovery [18; 19]. However, recycling waste glass using selective waste segregation makes it possible to save basic material resources, energy, and water [20]. Such an approach helps to diminish the volume of waste in landfills. According to [21], one ton of stored glass waste occupies about 1.5 m\({}^{3}\) of the landfill. Strict requirements for the quality of the input raw material for utility glass production contribute to the low level of glass recycling. Coloured glass waste often fails to satisfy the criteria for a range of properties after decolourising. An additional obstacle in the process of glass waste re-use is contamination, including heavy metals contamination [22]. Therefore, in recent years, scientists have searched for sustainable solutions to increase the efficiency of activities in the circular economy related to waste glass utilisation [23; 24; 25]. Among other changes, there is a demand for more efficient production of high-quality glass, including chemically strengthened glass (used, e.g., in smartphone screens) [26]. However, producing such glass requires an expensive final processing [27]. Significant differences in the melting temperature of various types of waste glass and the high costs of its recycling cause technological difficulties and low motivation to re-use these wastes to produce new glass [28]. Moreover, glassworks that directly use glass waste are unavailable in some countries or city agglomerations, such as Hong Kong. Thus, much of the waste glass is sent to refuse sites.