###### Abstract
The economic development of the region of Western Siberia between the decades of the 1960s and 1980s of the twentieth century is a unique phenomenon for the entire Arctic circumpolar region. There are similar examples only in Alaska and Canada. In a short time, not only was the key fuel base of the state created, which provided 2/3 percent of all oil production and above 90% of natural gas, but a huge space was socially mastered literally from scratch. Most of the towns and cities in Yamal arose in connection with the development of mineral deposits. Thus, the reason for the establishment of the village of Gaz-Sale was the discovery of natural gas deposits in 1963 as a result of the Tazov oil and gas exploration expedition. For the same reason, in 1966, the village of Urengoy was transformed from a small fishing trading post to a geological and geophysical village with a transferred experimental expedition from the village of Berezovo. The settlements that sprang up around the deposits quickly grew into cities due to the influx of specialists and workers. For example, Novy Urengoy, founded in 1973 near the largest gas field, became the \"gas capital\" of the country by the 1980s. Nadym (which became the center of the development of the Medvezhye gasoline deposit) and Noyabrsk, which grew out of the village of oil workers in the 1970s, developed similarly. These cities were originally created as planned settlements with typical buildings adapted to permafrost: houses were built on stilts, and modular structures were used to minimize the impact on the ground [37]. The population of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District has grown tenfold over half a century: if in 1959 there were about 62,000 people living here, then by 2020, there were over 540,000. The demographic explosion is associated with migration: during the Soviet period, people traveled here on Komsomol vouchers (the \"Komsomol\" was a union of young communists in the USSR). Nowadays, indigenous peoples (Nenets, Khanty, and Selkups) make up about 10% of the population, preserving their traditional way of life, but facing problems due to the industrial development of their lands. In the 1980s and 1990s, despite the crisis, hydrocarbon production did not stop, which allowed the cities to avoid depopulation [38]. In the 2000s, rising energy prices gave a new impetus: modern satellite cities such as Gubkinsky appeared and infrastructure developed--railways (Surgut-Novy Urengoy line), airports, and highways. For a long time, the soils of the Arctic cities of Russia remained extremely poorly studied in terms of morphology and diversity. The chemical state of urban soils was somewhat better since, in Arctic cities, it was related to the assessment of the polychemical state of ecosystems in the context of mining and transporting minerals [39]. The most important studies of soils in the Arctic zone of Eurasia included the following areas: urban soils of the European Arctic [14; 28; 29; 30], the central part of the Yamal region [16; 31], Norilsk [40; 41], and Yakutsk city [42]. Urbic soils of archaeological monuments of Komi village (this settlement is now transformed into the ethno park of the city of Labytnangi) were also discovered [43; 44]. Urban soils of the Arctic are of special interest because they are characterized by extremely specific morphology. They develop under conditions of permafrost degradation and the formation of relatively deep bulk material strata. Urbanization is accompanied by synanthropization of the flora of urban areas, which probably affects the quality of soil organic matter and the levels of soil respiration. This study is characterized by certain methodological limitations: inaccessibility of study objects and difficulties in obtaining a permit for access to study objects in cities with complex infrastructure. It should also be noted that the summer field season in the Arctic is limited, which does not provide an opportunity to study a large number of soil sections in one village, as it may be in the European part of the continent.