# The Emergence of Antibioticstics Resistance Genes, Bacteria, and Micropollutants in Grey Wastewater
## 4 Irrigation Spiked with EMPs  
The presence of EMPs significantly impacts the microbial community structure in GW. Biological processes are disrupted by decreased metabolism, affecting the ability of microorganisms to treat GW [125]. EMPs are removed in the treatment system by substrate adsorption and biodegradation, the latter playing the most critical role [126; 127]. However, different GW treatment strategies can either promote or remove ARGs [128]. This makes understanding the dynamics between EMPs and ARG in GW treatment systems even more complex. For example, [PERSON] et al. [129] reported that ARGs were detected in the biofilm, having 5-35 times higher concentrations than the treated wastewater effluent. [PERSON] et al. [104] proposed that a change in dissolved oxygen concentrations led to significant differences in ARG levels and changed the microbial community. An increased dissolved oxygen concentration led to fewer ARG accumulation in the biofilm and a higher abundance of aerobic bacteria. The introduction of EMPs into the soil and its effect on ARGs in the soil microbiome is yet to be studied. The accumulation of EMPs in the soil leads to an imbalance of microorganisms and a reduction of agricultural production efficiency [130]. This is because the soil microbiome can reduce stress factors, such as salinity, heavy metals, and drought, improving plant growth [131]. Some studies have indicated that some EMPs in agricultural soil can reduce the diversity of the microbial community and completely change its structure [132]. Considering the high variation and complexity of soil microbial communities from various locations [133; 134], more studies are needed to cover the knowledge gap regarding the influence of treated GW irrigation on ARG prevalence in soils and soil microbial communities. The currently available knowledge is summarized in Table 4.  
Triclosan is the most studied chemical, and several studies have shown its effects on the terrestrial microbial community. TCS will likely accumulate in the soil because of its low leaching potential [141]. In the environment, TCS can function as a toxic component and a carbon source [142]. [PERSON] et al. [135] documented that while there was no change in heterotrophic microorganisms in the soil, the kind of microorganisms and their antibiotic resistance were significantly influenced by tridosan. The number of bacteria resistant to antibiotics increased. At the same time, the overall diversity of the microbial community decreased, while it did not show a significant change in soil irrigated with synthetic greywater without triclosan. Research by [PERSON] et al. [136] showed that adding TCS to soil did not negatively affect the functionality and diversity of the soil microbial community. However, it was also demonstrated by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [138] that the nitrogen cycle could be disturbed by TCS at concentrations below 10 mg/kg through its impact on soil microorganisms. [PERSON] et al. [139] exposed soil microcosms to TCS either alone or in a mixture with other EMPs. The microosms received a fresh medium with the EMPs every 5 days, while the change in the microbial community was monitored. They documented that more sensitive bacterial species were replaced by more resistant species, such as _Gammaproteobacteria_. Research by [PERSON] et al. [140] showed that exposing soil