## 3 Results and Discussion  
The geometric accuracy in such studies is very important and depends on the accuracy of the used data. In our study, we used topographic maps of 1: 25,000 dating from 1982 and 1988 and plans of 1:1000 dating from 2006. As the data generated from these maps and plans are not up to date, we were obliged to update it. We relied, in our case, on free Maxar 2020 imagery with a 1 m resolution. Moreover, we established a GPS campaign to accurately map the components of the electricity network: GPS Leica GS08 plus was used in moving mode with centimetric accuracy (Horizontal: 1 cm, Vertical: 2 cm) for that purpose. In Figure 13, we can see, at different scales, the obtained cartographic results and we can see, in part D of the same figure, that the accuracy of the results is good: We can see the position of the MV electrical network (presented as a blue line) with high  
Figure 11: Website structuring. Figure 12: Graphical summary showing different methodology steps. geometric accuracy (this electrical network is located in the right side of the road RN6 in that case). The establishment of GIS-based planning in the management of electrical networks depends clearly on the availability and accuracy of cartographic data that are not always available, especially in developing countries such as Tunisia. The problem of a lack of data can currently be solved by using free good-resolution satellite images that have become available in recent years, such as Maxar data. Moreover, establishing GPS campaigns for network mapping can be an important tool in such studies, especially with highly accurate GPS receivers such as the one used in our study. GIS-based planning will be very useful for the national Tunisian company of electricity and gas STEG, which previously used paper cartographic data and which organized all its troubleshooting, restoration, or extension operations in a traditional manner. It will also provide the possibility to analyze the accessibility of vehicles and pedestrian technicians between electrical installations. It will also permit the generation of an Origin-Destination cost matrix in order to calculate the average transport distances between the service points and different localities. Moreover, it will allow the analysis of network impedance, which in itself will result in different possible scenarios to optimize performance and obtain more realistic routes. These various analyses will be crucial for the maintenance of the electricity network as well as for future urban planning. Many thematic maps have been produced in the study area as DEM and slope maps extracted using GIS spatial analysis operations, the land use map updated based on a Maxar 2020 free image and GPS accurate data, and many other maps related to MV/LV electrical networks. On the other hand, GIS network analysis operations have enabled the efficient organization and coordination of vehicles and pedestrians and an intelligent analysis of the transportation network. Other network analyses have also helped to make the right decisions by developing strategic routing plans. The extracted slope map showed that 62% of the study area had low slopes, 28% had medium slopes, 5% had relatively steep slopes, and about 5% of the land had high steep slopes. This map was used to analyze an STEG technician's pedestrian accessibility. International standards say that the average speed of walking is between 3.2 and 5.2 km/h on flat ground and that average varies  
Figure 13: Presentation at different scales of MV/LV electrical networks. according to slope direction and values [41]. The analysis was based on making, by using GIS tools, an intersection between the slope map and the electrical network. The extracted slope data were then analyzed, thus allowing the verification of the variation of speed and time taken as a function of slope value and direction.