## 9 Conclusions  
In conclusion, the developed method introduces a new systematic framework for selecting a DC technique as the most appropriate soil improvement technique, and evaluating its effectiveness for soil improvement projects using initial CPT data. The developed system provides a decision support tool that can help decision makers to decide whether to use the DC or another soil improvement technique for soil improvement projects. It also offers a prediction system that allows the assessment of a possible improvement in load-bearing capacity using the DC technique based on the soil's I\({}_{\text{c}}\) value. It also includes a monitoring system that allows decision makers to track the performance of DC and decide whether or not to proceed with the soil improvement process using the newly introduced indicator called Soil Improvement Potential (SIP). This indicator helps evaluate performance in near real time and assess the potential for further improvement in soil bearing capacity. In addition, this paper categorizes soil into five categories based on the potential to improve load-bearing capacity through DC technology. The developed method was applied on a case study to highlight the applicability and the efficiency of the introduced framework in selecting and evaluating the DC as the most appropriate technique for soil improvement projects. The results show considerable accuracy in predicting the expected improvement in soil bearing capacity when the DC technique is implemented, and it show high accuracy in evaluating the effectiveness of the DC technique on a specific soil type (e.g., I\({}_{\text{c}}\)-Values). The results were compared with results from literature to evaluate the precision of the developed method in assessing the expected improvement in soil bearing capacity. The comparison showed considerable agreement, indicating the effectiveness of the developed method and its accuracy in selecting DC as the most appropriate soil improvement technique as well as in predicting improvement in soil bearing capacity after implementation. In future projects, the developed framework will be applied using CPT data from different soil improvement projects with various type of soils (e.g., I\({}_{\text{c}}\) values) to study the impact of other soil characteristics on the improvement of bearing capacity of soil.  
In summary, the proposed evaluation and assessment framework provides project managers with decision data throughout the life cycle of soil improvement projects. The pre-implementation phase provides decision makers with the necessary data to decide whether or not to deploy DC.  
In addition, the implementation phase provides monitoring data that allows decision makers to decide whether the further use of DC is justified based on a quantitative indicator SIP. The post-implementation phase provides decision makers with the overall performance of DC technique in a soil improvement project using a set of quantitative indicators including soil improvement index (SII), prediction accuracy (PA), and overall predication accuracy (OPA).  
Conceptualization, A.A. and A.M.A.; methodology, A.A. and A.M.A.; software, A.A.; validation, M.N.N., S.H.A. and N.A.A.; formal analysis, A.A. and M.N.N.; investigation, A.A. and M.N.N.; resources, A.M.A., M.S.A., W.A.G.A.-G., S.H.A. and N.A.A.; data curation, A.A. and M.N.N.; writing--original draft preparation, A.M.A.; writing--review and editing, A.M.A., M.S.A., W.A.G.A.-G., S.H.A. and N.A.A.; visualization, A.A. and M.N.N.; supervision, A.M.A. and M.S.A.; project administration, A.M.A., W.A.G.A.-G., S.H.A. and N.A.A.; funding acquisition, A.M.A., M.S.A., W.A.G.A.-G., S.H.A. and N.A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.