# Bioactive Glasses for Soft and Hard Tissue Healing Applications--A Short Review
## 3 BGs in Tissue Healing
### BGs in Soft Tissues Healing
#### 3.1.2 BGs Formulations Applied in Soft Tissues Healing
Instead, the links between Ta-BGs powders and the blood clots fibrin threads suggested that the surfaces of the powders are engulfing the fibrin. A histopathological study of the liver tissue revealed that 5 Ta was the only formulation that, when applied, reduced the amount of parenchymal bleeding and necrosis in the tissue. In worst-case scenario hemorrhage, when there was no adherent clot visible prior to the application of the powder, the same formulation was also able to create an adherent clot [66]. Another research was focused on developing and evaluating the hemostatic application and their antihemorrhagic effect of Ga-containing mesoporous BGs (Ga-MBGs), in comparison with a Ga-free MBG [52]. In a series of MBGs containing three different concentrations of Ga\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (1, 2, and 3 mol%), in vitro hemostatic activity, biocompatibility and antibacterial activity against _E. coli_ and _S. aureus_ were investigated. The findings showed that a key factor influencing hemostatic events was the ratio or concentration of Ga\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) in MBG. The advantages of Ga\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) were nullified at higher concentrations (3 mol%), but the 1% Ga-MBG increased intrinsic coagulation cascade, thrombus development, and platelet adhesion relative to MBG. As a result, the sample with the lowest Ga-MBG had better hemostatic effectiveness, high degradability, high cytocompatibility, and antibacterial activity against both strains [52]. BG Composites  
Additionally, some BGs antibacterial properties can lower the risk of infection during the healing of chronic wounds. However, when used alone, BGs have drawbacks, including the inability to maintain moist conditions and bioadhesive strength for efficient wound treatment. Therefore, the combination of BGs with different alleviating substances is anticipated to be more successful than BGs used alone in applications for wound healing. On this matter, [PERSON] et al. fabricated scaffolds made of BG, chitosan, and silk fibroin for the regeneration of severe burn wounds [53]. The three substances were applied as follows: chitosan was utilized to encourage the adsorption and enrichment of growth factors, silk fibroin to create a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure and mechanical support, and the BG to stimulate angiogenesis. Their findings demonstrated that BGs were essential for promoting the development and maturation of new blood vessels, which can greatly speed up tissue healing. [PERSON] et al. created \"easy-to-use\" BGs/gelatin nanocomposite hydrogels, which were able to quickly regenerate cutaneous tissue and construct tissue structures in living organisms within 7 days [54]. Cu-BGN/eggshell nanocomposite membranes have revealed efficacy in wound healing [44]. Cu-BGN could promote proangiogenesis when added in the right quantities by increasing the secretion of proteins and gene expression [44]. Moreover, the addition of Cu-BGN reduced the development of bacteria. In addition, the in vivo tests demonstrated enhanced wound healing and the production of continuous and homogeneous epidermal layers. In another study, a borosilicate BG-incorporated sodium alginate (SA) wound dressing was synthesized [55]. The results show that the SA-borosilicate BG composite dressing had a good water absorption performance, which is of use for wound healing. In full-thickness skin defects in rats, the SA-borosilicate BG wound dressing demonstrated an excellent capability to treat wounds. On day 15, the SA-borosilicate BG dressing group-treated lesions were nearly healed. When the ratio of SA to BG in the sponge is 3:1, the wound healing effect was remarkably increased. In a recent work, BG was incorporated into alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan (SA/CMCS) hydrogel wound dressing. The incorporation of BGs led to better antibacterial, bioactivity and coagulation properties, as compared with hydrogels without BGs.