# Simulation Study on an ICT-Based Maritime Management and Safety Framework for Movable Bridges
## 1 Introduction
Failure of maritime automation may result in a collision between bridge moving parts and water vessels. Accurate detection of approaching ships and their disciplined navigation towards the bridge opening gate is a prominent concern. A movable bridge may not always be capable of opening bridge leaf in a timely manner due to the high volume of bridge traffic or speedy approaching ships. Moreover, improper signalization or control of bridge vehicles may cause the bridge to move before the clearance of bridge vehicles that will cause damage to bridge traffic. If the bridge stays stationary to give extended time for bridge vehicle clearance, the ship may come closer and collide with the bridge structure. This is considered a maritime management failure for the movable bridge. Therefore, security is considered a major challenge for the automation of movable bridges. Automation protocol of movable bridge must identify ships that are approaching the bridge too quickly and maintain emergency safety approach to prevent potential collisions. Maritime management of a movable bridge also includes safe transit of multiple ships without bottle-necking near the bridge opening gate. If many ships rush together toward the movable bridge opening gate, a potential collision may arise among ships. Furthermore, opening or closing of movable bridge leaves is time-consuming due to mechanical constraints and power management limitations. Ideally, there should be a time gap between closing and reopening, as continuous gate operation may not be favorable for high structural durability. Therefore, after opening, it has to ensure that all ships intend to pass have crossed the bridge for a specific broad area around the bridge. In this way, if a new ship is detected entering this area that intends to pass the bridge, the bridge will have enough time to evacuate the bridge vehicle and re-open. This area can be measured based on the maximum allowed ship speed and bridge opening time. Thus, a movable bridge maritime management system requires special concern on when to close the bridge. The integration of smart sensors will enable continuous monitoring even without human supervision. Internet of Things technology is recommended as an efficient bridge monitoring and control system due to the availability of Internet-based data for real-time comparison and remote data transfer facilities [5]. The incorporation of advanced predictive technologies with smart sensors and devices will conduct case analyses to forecast risks and issues not readily comprehended by humans. The data from these sensors are able to be applied for equilibrium analysis in traffic systems [6], especially for on-road vehicles, which are being gradually extended in marine transportations as well [7]. Such predictions of critical cases will help to point out existing flaws in the bridge and marine technologies and will aid to work on possible solutions, preferably through automation, to avert further challenges, ensuring reliability and efficiency. For the automated control of the navigation system, a ship-to-ship communication system is demonstrated as human-computer interaction. Here, the warning signal system is implemented for collision prevention among ships, and an automated adoption of collision prevention is installed in case of reluctance over warning signals. This procedure is maintained by utilizing the ship domain system [8]. Automatic Identification System (AIS) based vessel tracking systems are garnering popularity, as they are incorporated with state-of-the-art Internet of Things and automation technologies [9; 10; 11]. Maritime road networks are growing resilient with the aid of a large AIS dataset for precise control [12]. Besides, maritime automation [13], maritime surveillance, and ship classification are a few soaring applications of AIS where intelligent adaptive algorithms such as Douglas-Peuker are being embedded [14; 15; 16].