# HMD-Based VR Tool for Traffic Psychological Examination: Conceptualization and Design Proposition
## 4 Discussion
Its potential is not solely diagnostic. Since virtual reality using HMD explicitly works with graphical game-like content, the transfer of knowledge from well-established and commercially successful platforms is possible. Commercial video games represent an attractive and available source of inspiration, which can be adjusted and used in many industrial areas. The gamification principle successfully promotes such a transfer. Virtual realities can be generally classified into three categories: simulations, games, and virtual worlds [119]. Games represent the most promising category for learning, especially regarding serious games [120]. These applied games represent content primarily created for purposes other than entertainment, i.e., for example defense, automotive industry, health care, education, scientific exploration, emergency and crisis management, urban planning or engineering, e.g., in [121; 122]. The serious games scenarios provide interactivity and autonomy, which promotes proactive and self-induced engagement into the presented content, where principles of general simulations are persisted, but concurrently educational values of fun and competition are superstructured. The concept of serious games gains importance in the above discussed VR driving assessment since there are many existing platforms providing ready-to-use complex driving virtual environments. The great potential of VR-based driving simulators in traffic psychology lies within its subsequent use for therapy. VR simulations have a great potential for drivers who are afraid of driving, e.g., a fear related to traumatic experience. Virtual reality using HMDs can be also used as therapeutic tools for traffic accident victims. Literature suggests that VR is a viable option for such people. [123; 124]. Relatedly, the next step is the training of drivers using suggested HMD-based tools, which, at least in the early phases, may supplement the real driving classes. Since driving combines motoric abilities (steering wheel guide) and sensory abilities, but also the knowledge of rules, in the early phases VR technology can save the time of a real tutor/instructor (also costs and environment), since the elementary procedures can be easily transferred, automated and simulated within the VR platform. In such a platform, collaborative peer learning can be included where young drivers create a peer community for common training and supervision [125; 126]. Training can be adaptive, i.e., the diagnostic data can be used for the creation of specific training programs focused on problematic areas [127]. Last, but not least, the research of various driving aspects is emphasized. The suitability of traffic infrastructure in urban areas can be assessed before it is built [128], the specific influence of drugs on driving can be safely tested [129]. In the area of autonomous cars, complex simulations can be created involving AI agents as well as real participants, who can remotely interact, and researchers can study the \"human-in-the-loop\" [130]. As any other technology VR possesses several limitations, which should be always considered in its application. Even though the VR limits are progressively solved, they represent a permanent struggle for current development of applied VR tools. Dynamic visual exposition via HMD glasses, the absence of a muscular response when virtual movement and visual/cochleovestibular contradictions result in nausea, which is usually referred to as motion sickness, cybersickness or kinetosis [131]. This feeling of sickness plays an important role since it may bias the measured data, but primarily in extreme cases it can completely prevent users from using the VR technology. Some other researchers question the very nature of immersive virtual reality for driving research claiming that today's VR technology used for driving simulations does not bring general advantage compared to flat screens [132], where its negative features especially protrude.