## 3 Results
### Weed Seed Dispersion  
The experiment carried out on the weed seed dispersion effect of the compost samples is shown in Figure 1, wherein the number of weeds that emerged within 14 days from the compost samples is recorded (calculated to 100 g of compost). During the 14 days of examination, the following plants emerged from the samples that we could identify at a species level: _Solanum Lyopersicum_ L., _Amaranthus retroflexus_ L., _Stellaria media_ (L.) _Vill., Trifolium_ sp., _Capsella bursa-pastoris_ (L.) _Medik_. Regarding the permission of marketing of composts, the related examinations, and their evaluations, the Hungarian regulation (Licensing, storage, distribution, and utilization of crop increasing materials 36/2006. (V. 18.) FVM Regulation) states that the compost that is to be sold as a product cannot contain quarantine weed seeds or plant parts. These weeds are the following: _Ambrosia artemisiifolia_ L., _Solanum dulcamara_ L., _Asclepias syriaca_ L., and _Cuscuta_ sp.  
Based on the results of our examinations, it can be concluded that there was not any weed species considered as quarantine weed in the case of the backyard nor of the ecological composts. However, based on the results, it can be observed that among all the examined composts, only the compost B did not contain viable weed seeds, based on the required test. Regarding the other examined composts, it can be stated that in some cases (e.g., backyard compost C), if they are applied to the field, they could cause serious weed problems due to the emerging weeds on the compost treated fields. In the European countries, there is not any unified regulation related to the weed seed dispersal effects of composts. For example, in Italy and France, there is not any regulation for this; in Belgium and Great Britain, however, the high-quality compost must be free of viable weed seeds. In the case of Germany and the Netherlands, the allowed limit of viable weed seeds is two, while in Austria this value reaches three viable weed seeds per one liter of compost sample in its original state [49]. During examinations in general, the compost samples are mixed with some other material, or medium, then the mixture is watered and stored in regulated climatic conditions with available light. After the examination period, the number of emerged weeds is determined. This is in contrast to the Austrian standard method wherein the samples need to be mixed with high-quality peat kept moist, and, after 15 days of examination, the number of emerged weeds determined per litre of compost [62]. However, the standard method that was applied regarding the setting of the mixture and the length of examination time can be considered unique. Based on the obtained results, and considering the smaller amount of compost weight (100 g) as a basis, it can be assumed that the quality of all the examined compost samples (except for compost B) does not reach the required limit of the above-mentioned countries. This means that the quality of these composts was objectionable in terms of weed seed dispersal effect. This also draws attention to the fact that, during inappropriate backyard composting, the weed seeds do not lose their germination ability at the end of the process [50].