# ADSSD: Improved Single-Shot Detector with Attention Mechanism and Dilated Convolution
## 4 Experiments and Dataset
### Ablation Studies  
We conducted ablation experiments to compare the effects of adding different modules. As shown in Table 7, we used the ADSSD compared with SSD, SSD + RCBAM, and SSD + RCBAM + MDCM. They were trained on the same platform. **Reducing the impact of background information is crucial. ** Small object detection is often affected by background factors, and the use of attention mechanisms can establish \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **mAP** & **Aero** & **Bike** & **Bird** & **Boat** & **Bottle** & **Bus** & **Car** & **Cat** & **Chair** & **Cow** \\ \hline Fast [9] & 68.4 & 82.3 & 78.4 & 70.8 & 52.3 & 38.7 & 77.8 & 71.6 & 89.3 & 44.2 & 73.0 \\ Faster [10] & 70.3 & 84.9 & 79.8 & 74.3 & 52.3 & 49.8 & 77.5 & 75.9 & 88.5 & 45.6 & 77.1 \\ YOLO [5] & 57.9 & 77.0 & 67.2 & 57.7 & 38.3 & 22.7 & 68.3 & 55.9 & 81.4 & 36.2 & 60.8 \\ YOLOv2 [32] & 73.4 & 86.3 & 82.0 & **74.8** & 59.2 & **51.8** & 79.8 & 76.5 & 90.6 & 52.1 & 78.2 \\ SSD300 [6] & 75.6 & 88.2 & 82.9 & 74.0 & **61.1** & 47.3 & **82.9** & 78.9 & 91.6 & 57.8 & 80.2 \\ Ours & **76.1** & **88.3** & **83.5** & 74.2 & 60.9 & 48.0 & 82.7 & **79.0** & **91.7** & **58.3** & **80.3** \\ \hline
**Method** & **mAP** & **table** & **dog** & **horse** & **mbike** & **person** & **plant** & **sheep** & **sofa** & **train** & **tv** \\ \hline Fast & 68.4 & 55.0 & 87.5 & 80.5 & 80.8 & 72.0 & 35.1 & 68.3 & 65.7 & 80.4 & 64.2 \\ Faster & 70.3 & 55.3 & 86.9 & 81.7 & 80.9 & 79.6 & 40.1 & 72.6 & 60.9 & 81.2 & 61.5 \\ YOLO & 57.9 & 48.5 & 77.2 & 72.3 & 71.3 & 63.5 & 28.9 & 52.2 & 54.8 & 73.9 & 50.8 \\ YOLOv2 & 73.4 & 58.5 & 89.3 & 82.5 & 83.4 & 81.3 & 49.1 & 77.2 & 62.4 & 83.8 & 68.7 \\ SSD300 & 75.6 & 63.9 & 89.3 & 85.5 & 85.9 & 82.2 & 49.7 & 78.8 & 73.1 & 86.6 & 71.6 \\ Ours & **76.1** & **65.9** & **89.5** & **85.5** & **86.5** & **82.6** & **51.0** & **79.1** & **73.7** & **87.4** & **73.4** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: The test detection result on PASCAL VOC2012. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**RCBAM** & **MDCM** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Improve-** \\ **MDCM** \\ \end{tabular} & **mAP** & **FPS** \\ \hline  & & & & & 77.1 & 46 \\ ✓ & & & & 77.6 & 58.5 \\ ✓ & ✓ & & 78.1 & 57.3 \\ ✓ & & ✓ & 78.4 & 54.1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Improved SSD model compared with SSD, SSD + RCBAM, and SSD + RCBAM + MDCM. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **mAP** & **Aero** & **Bike** & **Bird** & **Boat** & **Bottle** & **Bus** & **Car** & **Cat** & **Chair** & **Cow** \\ \hline Fast [9] & 70.0 & 77.0 & 78.1 & 69.3 & 59.4 & 38.3 & 81.6 & 78.6 & 86.7 & 42.8 & 78.8 \\ Faster [10] & 73.1 & 76.5 & 79.0 & 70.9 & 65.5 & 52.1 & 83.1 & 84.7 & 86.4 & 52.0 & 81.9 \\ YOLO [5] & 69.0 & 75.0 & 77.8 & 60.7 & 57.7 & 54.4 & 77.5 & 84.4 & 73.8 & 53.2 & 66.0 \\ YOLOv3 [31] & 74.8 & 80.1 & 85.0 & 72.5 & 65.3 & **64.8** & 86.0 & 86.2 & 85.9 & 55.6 & 72.1 \\ SSD300 & 77.1 & 80.7 & 83.1 & 76.4 & **71.1** & 50.7 & 84.2 & 85.8 & 86.5 & **61.7** & 81.2 \\ Ours & **78.4** & **83.1** & **85.2** & **77.4** & 69.4 & 53.7 & **86.1** & **86.7** & **88.6** & 61.3 & **83.2** \\ \hline
**Method** & **mAP** & **table** & **dog** & **horse** & **mbike** & **person** & **plant** & **sheep** & **sofa** & **train** & **tv** \\ \hline Fast & 70.0 & 68.9 & 84.7 & 82.0 & 76.6 & 69.9 & 31.8 & 70.1 & 74.8 & 80.4 & 70.4 \\ Faster & 73.1 & 65.7 & 84.8 & 84.6 & 77.5 & 76.7 & 38.3 & 73.6 & 73.9 & 83.0 & 72.6 \\ YOLO & 69.0 & 68.3 & 70.4 & 79.4 & 77.2 & 79.8 & 44.3 & 63.7 & 69.2 & 77.6 & 68.6 \\ YOLOv3 & 74.8 & 69.6 & 83.3 & 84.1 & 82.3 & **81.4** & 44.2 & 70.8 & 70.0 & 83.3 & 73.6 \\ SSD300 & 77.1 & 78.0 & 85.0 & 86.0 & 84.3 & 78.3 & 49.5 & 76.7 & 79.6 & 86.9 & 76.5 \\ Ours & **78.4** & **78.7** & **85.0** & **87.0** & **85.8** & 79.7 & **52.7** & **77.7** & **80.9** & **88.0** & **78.4** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The test detection result on PASCAL VOC2007.