# Optimal Coordination of PV Active Power Curtailment and EVs Charging among Aggregators
## 6 Conclusions  
This paper has proposed a centralised coordination strategy among aggregators at the DSO level to optimise their aggregated charging power and the export limit of the aggregated PV to the network. The proposed centralised approach has the following advantages: (1) By aggregating the individual power and energy boundaries of the EVs and the expected capacity of PV units within each aggregator before the coordination at the DSO, the computational burden of the proposed optimisation problem is highly reduced, as well as the amount of data exchange between the aggregators and DSO. (2) The optimisation problem dimensions are limited to the number of aggregators and number of time intervals, which enables the proposed strategy to be solved quickly even with a high number of PVs and EVs per aggregator. (3) As the aggregation of PV power and the power/energy boundaries of EVs is less complex, smooth and stable, it allows foresight into the different distribution system operational scenarios in the network. (4) The DSO is able to determine in a flexible way its peak net power based on the information provided by each aggregator. On the other hand, numerical examples prove the effectiveness of the proposed coordination strategy in limiting the overloading level on network assets when multiple aggregators manage high penetration of PVs and EVs. However, this work can be further extended by including other system operational constraints like voltage limits in terms of sensitivity coefficients derived from conventional power flow analysis or by defining a linearised OPF. Notice that a detailed model of the network under study must be considered. Moreover, from the point of view of the DSO, the requirement of the LV network reinforcement to supply new demand (e.g., EVs) can be analysed by employing the proposed optimisation strategy through several statistical scenarios.  
Conceptualisation, A.F.C.B., J.M. ([PERSON]) and E.T.; methodology, A.F.C.B.; validation, A.F.C.B.; jormal analysis, A.F.C.B., J.M. ([PERSON]) and E.T.; investigation, A.F.C.B.; resources, A.F.C.B., J.M. ([PERSON]) and E.T.; data curation, A.F.C.B.; writing--original draft preparation, A.F.C.B.; writing--review and editing, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] and [PERSON]. ([PERSON]); visualization, A.F.C.B.; supervision, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); funding acquisition, [PERSON] ([PERSON]). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by TECNALIA funding through its PhD scholarship program.  
The authors also would like to thank the Basque Government (GISEL research group IT1191-19) and the UPV/EHU (GISEL research group 18/181) for their support in this work.  
Figure 6: Net active power for a moderate and critical penetration level (PL). (**a**) On the distribution transformer, (**b**) on the feeder’s main cable of aggregator 1 and (**c**) aggregator 2.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.