## 3 State of the Art
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Focus** & **Process** & **Innovation** & **Cities** & & & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Title**} & **Citation** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Innovation** & **Cities** & & & & \\ \cline{2-8}  & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** \\ \hline Planning and Controlling & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** & **Focus** \\ Engineering Changes in Manufacturing Systems & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Decision-Support for Production Strategies for Developing Economics & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Evaluation of interconnected production sites taking the account multidimensional uncertainties & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Risk analysis for innovative activities in production systems using product opportunity gap concept & & & & & & & \\ \hline Management of production innovations with TREX [gcr] & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Enterprise information system project selection with regard to ROCK & & & & & & & \\ \hline Innovation assessment: Potential forecasting and control through yield and risk simulation [gcr] & & & & & & & \\ \hline A decision support system for selection and justification of advanced manufacturing technologies & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Conf. As displayed in Table 2, it was found that there is already a comprehensive state of the art on methods of technological assessment [3; 6; 10; 13; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38] and change management in manufacturing [39; 40; 41; 42; 43]. One- or multi-sided evaluation perspectives are adopted, focusing exclusively on the potentials, risks, or efforts, or pairs of these aspects. Further, some more holistic evaluation approaches have already been used to select production strategies [44; 45] or assess innovation [46; 47; 48; 49]. Based on the analysis, different needs for further research were derived. More than one third (37%) of the identified models were not fully focused on the early phase of the innovation process. However, to identify inadequate or promising projects, it is necessary to evaluate them at an early stage of the innovation process. Further, a method for innovation assessment must be specifically adapted to manufacturing to enable a target-oriented evaluation incorporating imprecision. Additionally, Table 2 shows that only three approaches considered all relevant types of innovation in manufacturing [13; 41; 46], while the majority (66%) of approaches were solely focused on technological innovation. In the context of Industry 5.0, as presented by the European Union [7], it is essential also to consider innovation increasing prosperity for humans and organizations within the assessment. Consequently, a broader catalog of criteria for evaluating manufacturing innovation is necessary to enable a holistic evaluation. However, almost all (85%) of the approaches only considered two or fewer of the relevant criteria groups (potential, effort, risk) within their assessment. Looking at the decision-making methods applied, the majority (81%) of the analyzed approaches deliver a structured decision-making approach. Utility analysis and AHP form the most common methods to structure decision-making problems, followed by TOPSIS. The analysis also shows that the Fuzzy set theory is widely used to address uncertainty and guarantee a translation from linguistic variables to numerical values. However, the implementation of a structured and proven MADM method, enabling a practical innovation assessment tool, is less common than expected. Despite the identified research gaps, the analyzed literature provides an excellent scientific basis for developing an approach for the holistic assessment of the early phases of the innovation process in manufacturing. In particular, the approaches of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [33], [PERSON] et al. [47], and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [48] already consider a wide range of potential-, effort-, and risk-related criteria.