# High-Risk AI Systems--Lie Detection Application
## 4 Case Studies and Pilot Programs
### Canadian Project  
What has been under investigation by CBSA is the integration of artificial intelligence technologies with a view to enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of immigration interviews. This is in line with a broader government initiative to harness leading-edge technologies in order to simplify processes, improve security measures, and maintain the integrity of Canada's immigration system. An increase in the number of travelers to Canada, combined with growth in the number of immigrants, has driven this research forward. In fact, traditional immigration interview methods are generally time-consuming and laborious, which means bottlenecks and resulting delays. CBSA would, thus, be able to use AI to speed up these processes and decisions while being very scrupulous over their decision-making. Artificial intelligence technologies can be applied in many facets of the immigration interview process. For example, algorithms using NLP may analyze the answers given by applicants in real time and flag discrepancies or red flags that may require further investigation. Similarly, machine learning models could be trained on historical data with a view to forecasting possible risks related to specific travel patterns or anomalies in documentation. Another way in which artificial intelligence can be of help is through document verification, which is achieved by cross-referencing at high speed the information about applicants with international databases and watchlists. Facial recognition technology can also be used in order to verify identities, confirming that the person presenting the documents is the same person they are presenting themselves to be. All these technologies combined increase the security and speed of the verification process. The use of artificial intelligence in the context of immigration interviews raises a host of concerns. Privacy and data security, along with the potential for algorithmic bias, are key considerations. Any artificial intelligence system can be effective only to the extent that the data quality used for its training permits; if the underlying data contain biases, then, equally, the AI may perpetuate discriminatory practices--an issue that is especially troubling in the context of immigration, in which decisions have the ability to significantly impact individuals' lives. To address these concerns, the CBSA emphasizes the responsible use of AI, adhering to principles of transparency, accountability, and compliance with legal frameworks [50]. Actions taken focus on transparency, auditability, and interpretability in decision-making using AI. The agency has also invested heavily in bias mitigation strategies aimed at using diverse training datasets and having multidisciplinary teams in the development process. Stakeholder engagement is a crucial component of the CBSA's approach. The agency engages with stakeholders, including privacy commissioners and civil society organizations, to address concerns and improve practices [51]. The agency is consulting with lawyers, human rights groups, and organizations from various communities in the hope of finding systems that are workable yet socially acceptable. Some other ways are through public consultation and pilot programs, through which the agency collects information and again further refines AI applications before full implementation. The CBSA asserts that AI tools are used to support, not replace, human decision-making, ensuring that officers maintain control over final determinations. This also raises questions of integration with AI at the immigration interview level, and in terms of due process and the right to appeal. CBSA responds that AI is meant to assist human officers, not replace them. The final decision will rest with the trained personnel able to put the findings of the AI into context as a part of the whole case presented. What is more, the CBSA is committed to protecting personal information in accordance with Canada's privacy laws [52].