## 3 Light Effect on Growth and Development of _C. sativa_
### Light Spectrum in Cannabis Growth, Development, and Metabolism
& Crankty arrive & Photoperiod & 20 days & Long-day (\(\Sigma\)18 h of light) and & & & & \\  & & & short day lighting (\(\Sigma\)12 h of light) & & & & \\  & & & short day lighting (\(\Sigma\)12 h of light) & & & & \\ \hline
**8. ** & Bannahouna & White light (control (WL); blue light light (k1, 60 nm), red light light & 14 days & Temperature: 25/20 C & BL boosted the shoot’s fresh and & BL increases per photosynthesis, & [40] \\  & & light (k1, 60 nm), red light & (day/night), & day/hours, number of & & & \\  & & & & hot 20-90%, & heavy/ plants, hot climate, temperature, and decreases & & \\  & & light with 50\%, red light (881) & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & &  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c} \hline
**Sl. No. ** & **Variety** & **Effect of Light Spectrum,** & **Duration** & **Crowth Condition** & **Crowth and** & **Metabolic Changes** & **References** \\  & **Linearity,** & **Homogenized** & & & & & & \\ \hline
**11. ** & \({}^{\circ}\)Gdates-27\({}^{\circ}\), & Blue, red, V-V, white, and & 21 days & Temperature and RTE 26 \(\pm\) 3\({}^{\circ}\)C & Blue light increased stem & — & [59] \\  & \({}^{\circ}\)Graor, & fluorescent LED, The photon & 307, \(\pm\) 9\({}^{\circ}\), 2 \({}^{\circ}\), 3 \({}^{\circ}\), 3 \({}^{\circ}\), 5 \({}^{\circ}\), 8 \(\pm\) 5 & thickness and root index & & \\  & and \({}^{\circ}\)Meridian\({}^{\circ}\) & In this ratio of blue (16) & 25 \(\pm\) 4\({}^{\circ}\), and 3 \({}^{\circ}\), 8 \(\pm\) 5 & compared to other treatments, & & \\  & & 400-500 nm) and red (16. ** & Temperature and RTE 3 \(\pm\) 2\({}^{\circ}\), 3 \({}^{\circ}\), 8 \(\pm\) 5 & No spectrum treatment effects & & \\  & & 600-200 nm) narrowband LED & 370, \(\pm\) 5\({}^{\circ}\), 2 \({}^{\circ}\), 3 \({}^{\circ}\), 8 \(\pm\) 5 & on the percentage of cuttings & & \\  & & treatment consultances were (1) & 23 \(\pm\) 2\({}^{\circ}\), and 360\(\pm\) 5 & that noted, and not index & & \\  & & 86, fixed power of B1S/B85, & & & & \\  & (2), B8, V/B85 and day 0-2 & & & & & \\  & & followed by B1S/B88 day & & & & \\  & & 2-14 (10) P/A, V/B/ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c} \hline
**Sl. Na.** & **Variety** & **Effect of Light Spectrum,** & **Duration** & **Growth Condition** & **Growth and** & **Metabolic Changes** & **References** \\  & & & **Intensity, Photoperiod** & & & & **Developmental Changes** & \\ \hline
**1S.** & Caranomatic, & 10/14 (high/dark), & 75 days & Temperature: 25 °C & \begin{tabular}{c} However biomass yields were \\ higher for all lines when \\ higher for all lines when \\ temperatures started with \\ 14/10 (high/dark) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} A 14/10/10 \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} A 14/10/10 \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} [FOOTNOTE:10]Footnote 1:  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline
**Sl. No. ** & **Variety** & **Effect of Light Spectrum,** & **Duration** & **Crowth Condition** & **Crowth and** & **Metabolic Changes** & **References** \\ \hline
**20** & Xuma & **C**, high-pressure sodium as & 110 days & Temperature: 23 \({}^{\circ}\)C & LD22 and LD5 effectively & LD22 could significantly & [5] \\  & & light  
The symbiotic relationship between mycorrhiza and plants is a dominant force in the plant kingdom, thriving across ecosystems and captivating scientific inquiry for over two centuries. Light is not merely a growth factor; it is a catalyst for plant metabolism, igniting a cascade of biochemical transformations that shape every facet of plant development--from morphology to pigment synthesis, phenolic compound production, and hormone regulation [66]. Blue light stands out as a powerhouse, crucial for the large-scale, sustainable production of industrial _C. sativa_[66; 67]. Chloroplast pigments, the vibrant bioactive compounds inherent in nature, are essential for their coloration and potent antioxidant effects. Carotenoids, in particular, are indispensable for shielding cells from oxidative onslaughts (Figure 1) [61; 67].