## 3 Results and Discussion
### Heavy Metals Content in Raspberry Fruit
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Heavy Metals**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Cultivation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Conventional**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Organic**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Wild Crop**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Year** & **2020** & **2021** & **2020** & **2021** & **2020** & **2021** \\ \hline Arsenic (As) & 0.40\({}^{\text{b}}\)\({}^{\text{c}}\) \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.43 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.40 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 \\ \hline Cadmium (Cd) & 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.05 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.19 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.00 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.60 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.02 \\ \hline Lead (Pb) & 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.09 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.10 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.07 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.16 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline Aluminium (Al) & nd & 6.49 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 1.11 & 6.10 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 3.14 & 8.21 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 2.79 & nd & 19.26 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 3.91 \\ \hline Chromium (Cr) & 3.76 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.15 & 0.10 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.26 & 3.91 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.56 & 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 1.29 & 3.60 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 1.22 & 0.09 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 2.17 \\ \hline Zinc (Zn) & 27.59 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 1.23 & 28.49 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.26 & 27.52 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.56 & 32.18 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 1.29 & 35.76 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 1.22 & 32.92 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 2.17 \\ \hline Cobalt (Co) & 2.08 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.02 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 2.05 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.95 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.12 & 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 \\ \hline Molybdenum (Mo) & 2.25 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.60 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 2.17 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.27 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 2.00 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.12 & 1.01 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 \\ \hline Copper (Cu) & 4.78 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.65 & 5.76 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.82 & 4.64 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.39 & 4.69 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.15 & 5.96 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.64 & 6.70 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.22 \\ \hline Manganese (Mn) & 29.00 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 1.00 & 24.21 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.53 & 28.42 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.79 & 93.44 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 1.41 & \begin{tabular}{c} 340.70 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) \\ 20.58 \\ \end{tabular}  & 100.90 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 1.61 \\ \hline Vanadium (V) & 0.02 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.04 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.02 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.03 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.10 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline Boron (B) & 12.83 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 2.69 & 10.36 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 1.02 & 11.13 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 1.72 & 9.85 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.72 & 8.44 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.35 & 6.93 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.25 \\ \hline Strontium (Sr) & 4.10 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.12 & 4.96 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.23 & 3.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.43 & 4.44 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.20 & 3.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.13 & 5.37 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.25 \\ \hline Antimony (Sb) & 0.36 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.005 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.38 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.004 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.36 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pmIt may be due to the fact that the raspberries examined grew in three different areas characterised by insignificant arsenic content in the soil.