## 4 TMIM Limitations Addressed with ICX  
While TMIM provides valuable insights into individual information management processes, its application to formalizing an ICX model in organizational settings has some limitations that the ICX approach could address. In the first place, TMIM primarily explores information-seeking strategies, which may not fully capture the entire spectrum of information management activities, including information storage, sharing, and dissemination, among others.  
In this regard, ICX factors encompass all the activities overlooked by TMIM to provide a broader view to the ICX model. Organizational ICX factors comprehensively address the complexity of organizational contexts. These factors expand the scope of TMIM by considering the multiple layers of hierarchy, diverse departments, and varied roles within an organization. By emphasizing the accuracy and completeness of information, the model ensures that information reliability and comprehensiveness are prioritized, thereby enhancing outcome expectancies. The inclusion of technology-related factors, such as reconfigurability and customization, addresses the evolving nature of information systems and their impact on information management processes. Organizational policies and cultural factors shape the overall information environment, ensuring that the model reflects the collective dynamics and inter-departmental interactions that influence information consumer experiences.  
On the other hand, despite TMIM primarily focusing on individual-level processes, it can be replicated for every information consumer profile. This allows one to asses all the dynamics and complexities present in organizational contexts. Personal ICX factors offer significant insights into individual-level processes. These factors address the static nature of TMIM constructs by emphasizing the dynamic and evolving personal experiences of information consumers. For instance, by considering the impact of stress and resistance behavior, an ICX model can capture a broader range of emotional and psychological states beyond anxiety. This inclusion allows for a more nuanced understanding of how individuals manage information-related challenges and adapt to changing organizational environments. Moreover, the recognition of personal traits like sociability and self-sufficiency provides insights into the varying capabilities and preferences of information consumers, ensuring that the model accommodates diverse individual needs and behaviors.  
Also, TMIM does not adequately address the influence of social and cultural factors on information management behaviors. Social ICX factors can address these TMIM limitations by incorporating these factors; the ICX model acknowledges the significant role that social interactions and organizational culture play in shaping information management behaviors. Effective communication across hierarchical levels enhances communication efficacy and reduces anxiety associated with information access. Friendship opportunities and social support networks improve coping efficacy, enabling individuals to manage information-related stress more effectively. Additionally, considering the quality of working life and experience level ensures that the model reflects the social context within which information consumers operate, providing a broader understanding of their experiences.