## 2 Study System Definition and Operating Principle  
The basic principle of the DTLI configuration is to supply the stator using two separate inverters instead of coupling it in a star or delta configuration [92; 93] (see Figure 2). In this configuration, each side of the stator is powered by a dedicated inverter (see Figure 3). This approach has gained popularity in various modern applications due to its advantages [49; 50; 51; 53; 54]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Configuration Type** & **C-DCB** & **TI-DCB** & **DCB-FC** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Applications} & EV [75], HEV [76], aeronautics [77], start-up generator [78; 79], fault [84], efficiency optimization in EV [85], PV system connected to microgrids [86]. & Integrated start/alternator [87], electric aeronautics [88], EV and HEV for wide speed range [49; 89], fault-tolerant control [80]. & Integrated start/alternator [87], electric fault [84], efficiency optimization in EV [85], wide speed range [49; 89], fault-tolerant control [90]. & Integrated start/alternator [87], electric fault [84], efficiency optimization in EV [85], wide speed range [49; 89], fault-tolerant control [90]. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Advantages} & - & No additional hardware required. - Simple control. - Has the highest fault tolerance because it is symmetrical. & - Absence of ZSV. - Greater tolerance to faults. & - Avoid circulation of ZSV. - No isolation circuit required. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Drawbacks} & - & Presence of ZSV. - Presence of CMV. & - The overcharging problem. - Making the system bulky and increasing costs. & - Less efficient because it charges the capacitor via the motor windings and requires more complex algorithms to balance the capacitor voltage level. - Presence ofCMV. \\ \cline{1-1}  & - & Presence of CMV. & - The overcharging problem. - Making the system bulky and increasing costs. & - Less efficient because it charges the capacitor via the motor windings and requires more complex algorithms to balance the capacitor voltage level. - Presence ofCMV. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Three different DTLI configurations with their applications, advantages, and drawbacks. This structure consists of two two-level inverters, referred to as inverter \(i\) (Master inverter) and inverter \(j\) (Slave inverter), respectively. The voltage vectors in an \(\alpha\beta\) reference frame for each inverter (\(V_{i}\) and \(V_{j}\)) can be calculated as follows [94]:  
\[V_{i}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}V_{dc}\Big{(}S_{i1}+\gamma\ S_{i3}+\gamma^{2}\ S_{i5} \Big{)} \tag{1}\]  
\[V_{j}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}V_{dc}\Big{(}S_{j1}+\gamma\ S_{j3}+\gamma^{2}\ S_{j5} \Big{)} \tag{2}\]  
where \(\gamma=e^{j\frac{2\pi}{3}}\), \(V_{dc}\) is the DC bus voltage, and \(S_{i1},\ S_{i3},\ S_{i5}\) and \(S_{j1},\ S_{j3},\ S_{j5}\) represent the switching states of inverters \(i\) and \(j\), respectively. As highlighted in the study of [95], the operating principle of the DTLI structure relies on the coordinated synthesis of voltage vectors from both inverters to generate the rotating magnetic field required for motor operation. In a symmetric configuration, when the Master and Slave inverters apply identical voltage vectors simultaneously, their resulting magnetic fields tend to cancel each other out. This cancelation disrupts the formation of the rotating field, potentially causing the motor to stop. To overcome this limitation, asymmetric control strategies are employed. These strategies introduce a phase shift between the voltage vectors generated by the Slave inverter relative to those of the Master inverter, ensuring constructive vector interaction, effective field generation, and sustained motor operation. Figure 4 illustrates the hexagon formed by the eight voltage vectors generated by Equations (1) and (2). Within this hexagon, each inverter generates six active vectors and two zero vectors. The values \"1\" and \"0\" correspond to the on and off states of the inverter switches, respectively. Figure 3: Schematic diagram of machine control with DTLI.