# IoT and UAV Integration in 5G Hybrid Terrestrial-Satellite Networks
## 3 UAV and IoT
### UAV Use Cases  
In this section, we introduce some of the use cases where UAVs are integrated with IoT.  
1. Military: UAVs have been used in the military field for over a decade. When a manned flight is too risky to be done, the unmanned ones can be used to provide the troops with a 24-h eye over a specific area. Besides, UAVs are used as weapons and equipment providers in case of a siege and are considered as great tools in the search operations for any lost or injured soldier. Now, UAVs are used by several armies around the world such as the U.S., British, Australian, and Norwegian armies [21]. Moreover, in 2015, the Defense Advanced Research Project's Agency (DARPA) revealed the development of the \"system-to-systems\" approach that uses many low-cost drones forming a swarm whose aim is to destroy the enemies' targets [22]. The U.S. Department of Defense, in 2016, launched 103 drones forming a swarm, which was considered as the world's largest micro-drone swarm. It was capable of making decisions and self-healing actions [23].
2. Earthquake and environmental disasters: UAVs equipped with IoT sensors can be instructed to fly over a damaged area, recording the necessary information such as videos, pictures, gas levels, etc. This collected information will help the rescue teams, allowing them to be adequately equipped when visiting this area. These drones can be also be used to deliver food, water, and medicaments to affected people [24]. UAVs were used in Haiti in 2013 for food and supply delivery [25; 26] and in Nepal in 2015 to study the risk reduction of the disaster [27]. The work in [28] considered that such UAVs can act as hot spots or base stations to collect messages from people, to be then sent to their families.
3. Disaster management: As stated before, UAVs can be used effectively in case of disaster. They can be used also in the management phase. For example, during the last great earthquake in Japan, UAVs were used to capture images of the damaged reactors at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant and to assess the reconstruction efforts taking place in Fukushima preference [29].
4. Crowd surveillance: UAVs can be used as a \"security agent\" at huge events such as musical concerts or sports tournaments, if provided with the suitable IoT devices, allowing them to monitor public spaces. Such drones can detect any abnormal situations by capturing pictures and videos and then alerting security agents to interfere physically, thus ensuring safety and security [24]. The work in [30], for example, used UAVs with IoT devices in crowd surveillance based on face recognition by capturing and processing videos.
5. Real-time road traffic monitoring: Flying over a specific location UAVs, can collect real-time information about roads' conditions and send them to a central server to be analyzed. Relevant information may be also sent to vehicle users to assist them about which routes to take [24].
6. Meteorology: Instead of using specialized UAVs, any flying UAV having specific IoT sensors can be useful in collecting information in a specific area such as wind speed, humidity, and temperature, to be transmitted to a centralized server for weather forecasting at reduced costs [24].