## 4 Discussion  
After literature searching in Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed, we affirm that this is the first study to investigate the effects of common material surfaces on sports fields on the muscle pre-activation and short-latency responses of the lower limb muscles. The study revealed that a sand surface induced muscle pre-activation 100 ms before ground contact and activation of the latency response 30-60 ms after ground contact in lower limb muscles more efficiently compared to turf, PU, and wood surfaces. Similarly, platform heights of 50 and 60 cm induced muscle pre-activation 100 ms before ground contact and activation of the latency response 30-60 ms after ground contact of the lower limb muscles more efficiently compared to platform heights of 30 and 40 cm. No significant differences were observed among the turf, PU, and wood surfaces. This study's findings indicate that the use of sand as a ground material and platform heights of 50 and 60 cm significantly enhance the pre-activation of lower limb muscles. Previous literature has suggested that, during SSC, muscle pre-activation plays an important role in sports performance and the output of strength is positively correlated with muscle pre-activation [8, 31, 32]. Furthermore, an increase in the height of the drop jump is associated with enhanced muscle pre-activation, as well as an enhanced stretch reflex  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Short Latency Response**} \\ \hline
**Gastrocemius \({}^{\text{@},\#}\)** & & & \\  & Wood \({}^{\text{a}}\) & PU \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Turf \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Sand \({}^{\text{b,c,d}}\) \\
30 cm \({}^{\text{yz}}\) & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.34 & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.32 & 1.07 \(\pm\) 0.40 & 2.26 \(\pm\) 1.69 \\
40 cm\({}^{\text{yz}}\) & 1 & 1.10 \(\pm\) 0.36 & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.50 & 2.40 \(\pm\) 2.02 \\
50 cm\({}^{\text{w,x,z}}\) & 1.68 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 1.48 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 1.65 \(\pm\) 0.68 & 2.75 \(\pm\) 1.98 \\
60 cm\({}^{\text{w,x,y}}\) & 2.14 \(\pm\) 0.76 & 1.97 \(\pm\) 1.04 & 1.90 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 3.19 \(\pm\) 1.85 \\
**Soleus \({}^{\text{@},\#}\)** & & & & \\  & Wood \({}^{\text{a}}\) & PU \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Turf \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Sand \({}^{\text{b,c,d}}\) \\
30 cm \({}^{\text{yz}}\) & 0.91 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 0.77 \(\pm\) 0.36 & 0.91 \(\pm\) 0.33 & 3.34 \(\pm\) 3.23 \\
40 cm \({}^{\text{yz}}\) & 1 & 1.38 \(\pm\) 0.94 & 1.35 \(\pm\) 0.70 & 3.71 \(\pm\) 2.92 \\
50 cm \({}^{\text{w,x,z}}\) & 1.85 \(\pm\) 0.46 & 2.33 \(\pm\) 1.92 & 2.28 \(\pm\) 1.60 & 5.13 \(\pm\) 3.86 \\
60 cm \({}^{\text{w,x,y}}\) & 2.73 \(\pm\) 1.75 & 3.82 \(\pm\) 3.31 & 2.60 \(\pm\) 1.61 & 6.61 \(\pm\) 4.14 \\
**Biceps femoris \({}^{\text{@},\#}\)** & & & & \\  & Wood \({}^{\text{a}}\) & PU \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Turf & Sand \({}^{\text{c,d}}\) \\
30 cm\({}^{\text{w,y,z}}\) & 0.93 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.35 & 1.13 \(\pm\) 0.49 & 1.79 \(\pm\) 1.44 \\
40 cm\({}^{\text{w,y,z}}\) & 1 & 1.10 \(\pm\) 0.51 & 1.24 \(\pm\) 0.69 & 2.34 \(\pm\) 1.94 \\
50 cm\({}^{\text{w,x,z}}\) & 1.81 \(\pm\) 1.57 & 1.85 \(\pm\) 0.92 & 2.08 \(\pm\) 1.03 & 3.64 \(\pm\) 2.50 \\
60 cm\({}^{\text{w,x,y}}\) & 2.49 \(\pm\) 1.05 & 3.12 \(\pm\) 2.31 & 3.07 \(\pm\) 3.01 & 4.49 \(\pm\) 2.98 \\
**Rectus femoris \({}^{\text{@},\#}\)** & & & & \\  & Wood \({}^{\text{a}}\) & PU \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Turf \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Sand \({}^{\text{b,c,d}}\) \\
30 cm \({}^{\text{yz}}\) & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.61 & 0.93 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 1.07 \(\pm\) 0.66 & 6.52 \(\pm\) 7.38 \\
40 cm \({}^{\text{yz}}\) & 1 & 1.40 \(\pm\) 0.78 & 1.54 \(\pm\) 1.10 of the spinal cord [18]. The drop jump is considered one of the most important methods in the development of explosive power and is also the most intensive training [18]. The neuromuscular control system initiates feed-forward control (i.e., pre-programmed muscle activation) and subsequently triggers feedback action control (i.e., the stretch reflex) to pre-activate the muscles in anticipation of the reaction force that the joint will be subjected to and forms appropriate muscle stiffness.