###### Abstract
A common feature of these studies is the relatively small amount of data on the strength properties of the prostheses, as well as information related to their actual use by patients [11]. Another research gap is the area of upper limb prosthetics that could be used by patients for recreational and sports purposes. Such prostheses, equipped with appropriate sensors, could provide data to improve training and increase user performance [12]. Additive manufacturing requires a digital model of the product. Individualizing the geometry to meet the individual anatomical needs of the patient requires appropriate angle measurement, which becomes the basis for designing the prosthetic socket. When the patient has one healthy arm, measuring its characteristics also provides important information for the designer. Measuring a patient's anatomical features can be performed, for example, using non-contact methods such as 3D scanning with structured light on dedicated measuring stations [13; 14], or by freely scanning an unsupported stump in a natural position for the patient or dedicated to the intended product [15]. Active prostheses are equipped with various sensors that expand their basic functions. On the one hand, sensors enable control of the actuator elements, such as myoelectric control of finger clenching [16]. On the other hand, prosthesis sensors can provide valuable information about the prosthesis itself or its surrounding environment, such as contact with another object (tactile sensing) [17]. Sensory feedback systems reduce visual dependence and mental effort, particularly for individuals with double amputation or impaired vision. Therefore, they are of great interest in the field of upper limb prosthesis research and can be developed as additional equipment for already-used passive prostheses [18]. Research is being conducted, and demonstration sensor systems are being built for upper limb prostheses, which have the primary advantage of being low cost, and therefore more accessible [19]. However, commercially available solutions are still very expensive. The use of more advanced and complicated sensory systems may be particularly significant for specialized biomechanical prostheses in recreational or professional sports. As recent research suggests, the use of orientation metrics, such as Euler angles or quaternions, would provide a deeper insight into biomechanical processes, and athletes could improve their skills by analysing gathered information. Miniaturization of sensors and implementation of artificial intelligence for data analysis could allow interaction with a greater number or even new types of sensors, such as oxygen, glucose, and blood pressure levels [20]. In authors' opinion, research on sensorised upper limb prostheses dedicated for sports, particularly for cycling, is imperative due to several reasons. It is challenging for individuals with upper limb amputations to participate in sport activities, especially those that require the use of hands and arms. This limitation can result in physical, psychological, and social drawbacks for amputee cyclists. It is noteworthy that sports-oriented prostheses need to be tailored to person's specific needs and personal preferences, both for amateur and professional athletes. The use of sensor technologies can provide real-time feedback for athletes to optimize their prosthetic usage and fine-tune their performance. Additionally, accurate sensing of limb movements and biofeedback can help reduce the risk of injuries during training and competition. Performed research has the potential to improve the durability and functionality of prosthetic devices. While conventional prosthetic devices are highly functional, the use of complementing sensors to track muscle signals can enhance prosthetic control and movement precision for amputee athletes. Implementing low-cost 3D printing technologies and low-cost, widely available sensors would make the sport activities more accessible for the wider group of people with missing limbs.