## 2 Related Work  
Some of the recent literature has explored the potential of utilizing virtual reality to reduce dental anxiety. In [24], the authors conducted a review of the last 10 years of research on augmented reality and VR in dentistry, though they were unable to make scientifically proven recommendations. Nonetheless, AR and VR have been found to be advantageous for clinical practice as they can be used to demonstrate to patients the outcomes of dental procedures and help to alleviate dental phobia. Moreover, the authors in [10] investigated the utility of virtual reality glasses as a tool to distract children during dental procedures. Based on their review of the existing literature, they determined that VR glasses are an effective distraction technique in pediatric dentistry.  
Furthermore, an investigative study examined the influence of an AR character on the behavior of children aged 5-10 years. One of the experiments found that the presence of an AR character significantly impacted pathway selection [25]. In another study, the use of VR tours of the operating theatre for children prior to surgery and anesthesia was explored to determine if it could reduce anxiety. The results showed that the VR tour effectively reduced and relieved anxiety before surgery and anesthesia [26].  
In the present age, numerous intelligent applications have been employed in the arena of dentistry. With respect to diminishing dental anxiety, multiple contemporary applications can be utilized to provide aid. One such example is that of Doctor Teeth [27], an edutainment application that simulates the process of dental treatment to entertain and educate children about the human mouth and teeth and aid in emulating the role of a dentist. Moreover, Dentalk [28] has been found to be an effective tool to help dental professionals effectively communicate different diseases, treatments, and hygiene techniques to their patients. Additionally, its visual components can promote patient satisfaction and reduce dental anxiety. Brush Monster [29] utilizes a mobile camera to enable children to interact with the brushing process in real time, providing them with proper instructions on the correct brushing technique. In addition, My Bright Smile [30] helps young ones to maintain their white smiles through lessons and gameplay, while Going to The Dentist prepares children for their first dental appointment by making use of cartoon characters and voice-over to elucidate the procedure in a gentle manner. Lastly, a storybook application named Hetty's Hospital [31] has been designed to help reduce anxiety about going to the hospital.  
To sum up, many analogous systems have been examined and evaluated. The comparison in Table 1 provides us with a clear understanding of effective applications and which features we should consider when creating a useful system. Furthermore, none of the applications support the Arabic language, and all of them are geared towards children, except for Dentalk, which is for adults. Additionally, we discovered that there is a lack of systems employing AR/VR technologies; only Brush Monster and our own system, Dr. Barea, have features that can only be used within the clinic. Moreover, there are few systems that focus on dental anxiety. Our system, Dr. Barea, supports the Arabic language, and we trust that the system will provide children with an excellent learning experience that will be beneficial in managing their dental anxiety.  
Figure 2: Digital vase on a real table [23].