## 4 Materials and Methods
### Management of Driver Preferences with Onto-CMS
#### 4.5.2 Use Case No. 2-Adjusting Emergency Pedal Icon for Enhanced Safety
?icon ocms:modifiability?modifying?icon ocms:color?contrast. ?icon ocms:size?size. FILTER (?modifying = \"modifiable_with_limits\") FILTER (?contrast = \"contrast_increase_only\") FILTER (?size = \"adjustable_up_to_large\") } \"\"\"  
This SPARQL query first examines [PERSON]'s hearingLoss and visualImpairment properties to assess whether her sensory impairments justify modifying the emergency pedal icon. The query then selects an instance of EmergencyPedalLcon and retrieves the icon's modifiability, colour (contrast), and size properties. The query applies filters to return results that meet the specific conditions; the icon should be modifiable within certain limits on contrast and size. The query result confirms the modifiability of the emergency pedal icon, ensuring any changes comply with safety guidelines. The Onto-CMS identified [PERSON]'s specific needs (visual and hearing impairments) and informed the DVI that the emergency pedal icon can be modified, but only with certain limitations. The DVI interpreted this information and communicated it clearly to [PERSON], allowing her to adjust the icon to improve visibility while staying within the defined constraints (Listing 10). **Listing 10**. Output simulation use case no. 2. DVI: Modification allowed within limits. Proceed with the requested changes. DVI to Driver: You can modify the size and contrast of the emergency pedal icon. The system permitted [PERSON] to modify the emergency pedal icon, enabling her to utilise a visual interface that is adapted to her sensory difficulties. The typical restrictions placed on drivers without sensory impairments to prevent such changes were removed, allowing for personalised adjustments, such as increasing icon size or contrast. However, these changes were limited to prevent any compromise to safety through practises that would render the icon less visible or less clear in an emergency. The Onto-CMS allowed [PERSON] to adaptively modify the emergency pedal icon to enhance its visibility and accessibility while maintaining compliance with safety standards. The system ensured a balance between personalisation and standardisation. While respecting the standardised nature of the emergency pedal icon, it allowed [PERSON] to modify certain characteristics of the icon, such as its size, colour, and contrast, to better suit her needs. However, it ensured that the icon could not be removed entirely. This meant the system adapted to the driver's preferences and requirements, while still preserving the integrity of essential standardised elements, ensuring safety is maintained. **(B)**_Correcting the DVI standardisation without the Onto-CMS Implementation_  
In a system without Onto-CMS, the operation relies entirely on variables and specific controls embedded in the application code. Such a system might function for [PERSON] in the following way:  
* [PERSON]'s sensory conditions, such as hearing loss and visual impairment, are represented by variables in the code, like has_hearing_loss and has_visual_impairment. Every operator has a separately defined set of variables to describe their physical status but, without any central framework, these settings are not only fragmented but also lack dynamic flexibility. For example, if [PERSON]'s status were to change, because she lost some of her eyesight, the system would not automatically readjust. A developer would need to update each variable individually by hand. * The system uses variables related to [PERSON] to decide whether the changes to the emergency pedal icon are allowed. When [PERSON] has sensory impairments, the variable Emergency_pedal_icon_modifiable is set to False. Hence, no change is allowed, and a message is displayed to [PERSON] that the icon cannot be changed. In cases of no impairments, the system sets the variable to True, and changes are, thus, allowed. But, if [PERSON]'s status changes, a programmer will have to manually change these settings. * When [PERSON] tries to change the icon, the system checks the parameter Emergency_pedal_icon_modifiable.