## 5 Conclusions and Prospects
Future research on lily fragrance can be conducted in several directions, based on the newly published genome sequence:  
1. Identify the key aroma compounds determining sensory fragrance types, using sensory omics techniques. 2. Develop efficient and rapid detection systems for lily fragrance. 3. Combine multi-omics and molecular biology to deeply analyze the synthesis and regulatory mechanisms of floral scent substances. 4. Construct genetic maps to achieve gene localization and the positional cloning of fragrance traits. 5. Develop the molecular markers significantly associated with lily fragrance. 6. Build genetic transformation and gene-editing systems that are suitable for different lily varieties. 7. Explore the impact of environmental factors on lily fragrance. Figure 1: Possible biosynthetic pathways and verified transcriptional regulators of lily fragrance. The red TFs indicate positive regulation, while the blue TFs indicate negative regulation. The orange-red ellipse encompassing LiMYB1 and LiMYB308 indicates that they only exert transcriptional regulatory effects on _TPS_ when they form a complex. MEP is the pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GSP)–derived 2-C-methyl-D-erythitol-4-phosphate pathway; DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductase; MCT, MEP cytidyltransferase; CMK, 4-diphosphocylylylyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythitol kinase; MDS, 2-C-methyl-D-erythitol 2,4-cyclodextrinphosphate synthase; HDS, (_E_)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate synthase; HDR, (_E_)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate reductase; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; IDI, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; GPS/GPPS, GPP synthase; GPP, geranyl diphosphate; TPS, terpen synthase; MVA, the cytosolic mevalonate pathway originating from acetyl-CoA; AACT, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; HMGS, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutural-CoA synthase; HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutural-CoA reductase; MK, mevalonate kinase; PMK, phosphomevalonate kinase; MDD, mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase; FPS, FFP synthase; FFP, farnesyl diphosphate; PAL, phenylalanine ammonialyase; CA, cinnamic acid; BALD, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase; BSMT, benzoicacid/salicylicacidcarboxylmethyltransferase; CNL, cinnamoyl-CoA ligase; CHD, cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-dehydrogenase; KAT, 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase; AAT, alcohol acyltransferase; LOX, lipoxygenase; ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase. Enhance research on the application of lily fragrance in the daily chemical industry. * Construct a pan-genome for lilies. These studies will help precisely identify lily materials with specific aroma substances, create new germplasm and varieties with pleasant fragrances, promote the development and upgrading of the lily industry, and bring more attractive fragrances and health to people's lives. Conceptualization, Y.C. and Y.Z. ; software, X.L. and T.G. ; formal analysis, T.G. ; investigation, Y.C., X.L. and T.G. ; writing--original draft preparation, Y.C. and X.L. ; writing--review and editing, T.G. and Y.Z. ; visualization, X.L. and Y.Z. ; supervision, Y.C and Y.Z. ; project administration, Y.Z. ; funding acquisition, Y.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Guangdong Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science, grant number GD23 XYS069, the Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Science \"14 th Five-Year Plan\" Project, grant number 2023 GZDD05, the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Project of Guangdong Province, grant number 2022A1515110757, and the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Talent Introduction Project for 2022, grant number R2022 YJ-YB3023. Not applicable. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.