# Experimental Study on LTE Mobile Network Performance Parameters for Controlled Drone Flights
## 3 Analysis of the Mobile Network Performance Parameters for UAV Application
According to [45], it could be divided into non-critical communication as one of the applications and critical communication as the other, while also focusing on video as well as image streaming. UAV operating state could be included as a non-critical communication, as well as specific configuration parameters of the UAS elements. Such information and collection could then be transmitted to the overall management system to ensure an operational situation description and provide awareness of the capabilities of the fleet devices and their performance. Some of the non-critical communications used in the field of 4G LTE-connected UAVs can be described by usage scenarios focused on in [45]. * Telemetry of the aircraft systems--day-to-day or daily measurements received from aircraft-related subsystems (battery status, speed, heading, location/GPS), which are tiny 30 kbps messages that are sent at around 1 Hz;
* Sensor commands, messages and telemetry, where sensor command and configuration messages may follow the command protocol, requiring acknowledgment messaging and retransmitting commands multiple times before failure. Examples of this data type are ground control stations (GCS) to UAV on-board sensors supporting payload functions such as cameras for query and configuration, messages from UAV with sensor-status reports, the heartbeat of on-board sensors, and identification of individual sensors and capabilities, and commands to the UAV for image capture and confirmation of image capture from the UAV;* Parameters/configuration messages, which are carried out periodically and as needed and consist of small data messages on GCS requesting parameter reads from UAV, GCS issues of new parameter commands, UAV broadcast parameters;
* Weather-related information, access to the airspace field, and operational volumes are some of the scenarios in non-critical communications regarding UTM messaging. Operational control and specific command transmission to the UAV may be part of the critical communications. Such a format of data is exchanged with relatively small data rates and the specific rate used varies depending upon the system, its parameters, and other internal or external factors. UAVs operating within the 4G LTE may be categorized for critical communications in some solutions [45] (as well as others). * Telemetry, commands for certain missions and vehicles, and also messaging-based applications where GCS to UAV commands might consist of information regarding changes in the initial flight plans, changes in navigation settings and movement of the device, some speed related changes or other types of commands related to the fundamental operation; the category of messages concerning autopilot settings can be configured to ensure the delivery conditions (corresponding to the acknowledgments). If such a factor is not present, retransmission of the previous command communication can be executed until a new acknowledgment is approved. Such a procedure can be used to compensate for a lossy connection link. * Heartbeat--a broadcast message received from the UAV to approve that the aircraft has stated and approved connectivity. Beyond visual-line-of-sight (BVLOS) that is LTE-connected can require a heartbeat confirmation to understand whether the UAV has the necessary connection prior to the BVLOS flight stage. * UTM messaging, which in critical data type cases might incorporate remote ID, geofencing, and flight authorization. It is important to note that data that is not considered a critical communication may become critical based on the UAV design. For example, video streaming may become critical if it is used for detecting and avoiding air traffic or other obstacles and, therefore, may become classified as a UTM function.