## 1 Introduction  
Biomolecules like bacteria, cells, proteins and polysaccharides are constantly adhering to device surfaces because such surfaces benefit them commensally. These biological components assemble into a biofilm on the surface of the device, shielding germs from being eliminated. Biofilm is typically 100-1000 times more resilient than planktonic microorganisms. Because patients need to take larger doses of medication to treat the illness, antibiotic resistance is now considered one of the main concerns related to human health [1]. Patients now face a significant danger of contracting severe and even fatal infections frequently due to the spread of multi-drug resistance bacteria [2] that contaminate medical supplies and equipment [3]. The bacterial structure needs to be understood to grasp the antibacterial process better. Certain bacteria contain unique features such as capsules, flagella, pili and spores [4]. The cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria, which are phospholipid bilayers containing functional proteins, are present in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The structure of bacteria is more negatively charged than human cells [5]. The Gram-negative bacteria have extra outside membranes in addition to the cytoplasmic membrane, which is made of anionic lipopolysaccharideacharide molecules joined by ionic bridges between the phosphate groups and divalent ions. As a result, Gram-negative bacteria have very durable outer membranes that operate as permeabilizing barriers to most big hydrophobicity molecules [6; 7]. The antimicrobial effects of Ag+ ions or Ag particles also involve interactions with biological macromolecules like enzymes and DNA through mechanisms such as electron transfer or the generation of free radicals. Additionally, alterations in protein synthesis and cell wall formation, which can be observed through the accumulation of protein precursors or the disruption of the outer cellular membrane leading to ATP leakage, are also recognized as key factors contributing to the antimicrobial activity of Ag particles [8]. Making an antimicrobial coating for medical equipment is the easiest way to avoid contamination from microorganisms [9]. It is advantageous to prevent the development of drug-resistant pathogens by minimizing medicine administration, which reduces environmental pollution due to antibiotic leaching [10]. So that microbial-resistant medical devices and equipment may be offered to hospitals and patients, it is vital to produce antimicrobial materials that function as antibiotics and without drug resistance [6]. Coatings designed for use on hospital surfaces and fomites must possess several key characteristics: they should be non-toxic to both the environment and humans, affordable, readily available, effective against harmful pathogens, resistant to contamination and maintain long-term stability and durability [11]. Among the most investigated solutions as an antimicrobial agent, one can find a wide use of silver [12], a known antibacterial agent that can disrupt bacterial cell membranes. The efficiency depends greatly on the material's properties that contain Ag and the availability of the Ag ions [13; 14]. The use of nanoparticles [15] or nanomaterials that embed Ag in their structure [16] is of great interest. Various techniques have been employed for the synthesis of various materials [17], using chemical path synthesis such as CVD [18], sol-gel [19], dip coating [20], spin coating [21], etc. Among the physical methods, physical vapor deposition techniques are the most widely used, comprising methods including magnetron sputtering [22], thermal evaporation [23] and pulsed laser deposition [24]. These techniques have the advantage of providing very good control over the thickness of the coating and the materials' properties. The silver nanoparticles can be trapped inside a matrix made of different materials (TiO\({}_{2}\)[18], ZnO [25], SiO\({}_{2}\)[26; 27], SiO\({}_{2}\)+TiO\({}_{2}\) mixtures [28], etc.