## 1 Introduction  
Coal has always served as the predominant energy source in China. As the intensity of coal mining has escalated, dynamic disasters, such as rock burst, have become increasingly frequent, posing a substantial threat to the safety of coal production. Rock burst is a dynamic phenomenon characterized by sudden instability and violent destruction of coal mass under high ground stress conditions, typically occurring during deep coal mining [1; 2; 3]. Effective monitoring and early warning measures, coupled with appropriate prevention and control strategies, can mitigate the risk of rock burst during mining operations. Presently, rock burst risk assessment primarily relies on the intrinsic properties of the coal and rock mass, utilizing specific indicators to gauge the risk of destructive potential. However, due to the variation in the mechanical properties of coal and rock mass, accurate characterization of coal bursting liability through mechanical parameters remains challenging. Furthermore, the identification of rock burst risk during roadway tunneling necessitates further refinement. Therefore, a quantitative assessment of rock burst risk during roadway tunneling is essential for mitigating the occurrence of typical dynamic disasters in coal mines [4; 5]. Scholars from all over the world have conducted extensive research on the factors that induce rock burst during roadway tunneling, yielding significant insights into the mechanisms. [PERSON] et al. [6] employed UDEC 7.0 software to simulate a laboratory-scale double shear test, discovering that unstable slip damage at the coal-rock interface can trigger sudden unconfinement, potentially causing destabilizing sidewall damage. [PERSON] et al. [7] used UDEC to reveal the mechanism of roadway rock burst damage under dynamic loads, finding a correlation between dynamic load distances and rock burst damage. [PERSON] et al. [8] analyzed factors affecting rock burst and concluded that greater three-way stress differences within the coal and rock mass increase its susceptibility to damage from external disturbances. [PERSON] et al. [9] studied the impact law of coal and rock mass under dynamic and static load coupling, demonstrating that coal and rock mass is more vulnerable to bursting under dynamic load waves in high ground stress environments. [PERSON] et al. [10] suggested that the surrounding rock of the roadway undergoes a transition from \"three-way stress \(\rightarrow\) bi-directional stress \(\rightarrow\) approximate uniaxial stress\", with the formation of a stress gradient around the roadway leading to rock burst damage. [PERSON] et al. [11] proposed that the change rate of the three-way stress difference gradient, D\({}_{\text{gc}}\), indicates the mechanism of rock burst damage in the surrounding rock. [PERSON] et al. [12] indicated that a higher stress concentration in the elastic area of isolated coal mass increases the likelihood of rock burst. These studies collectively enhance the understanding of the factors contributing to rock burst and provide critical insights into the mechanisms of roadway rock burst damage. The evaluation of rock burst risk in coal seams is essential for effectively mitigating risks and quantitatively inducing threats. Based on previous research into rock burst mechanisms, scholars have developed several novel methods for roadway rock burst risk assessment. [PERSON] et al. [13] proposed a probabilistic risk assessment framework to model rock burst and gas outburst in heterogeneous coal seams with a consideration of variations in the mechanical properties of coal and rock mass due to lithological diversity. [PERSON] et al. [14] employed machine learning algorithms, such as neural networks (ANN), decision trees (DT), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), to assess the risk of rock burst in a coal mine situated in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. [PERSON] et al.