# Investigating Supercomputer Performance with Sustainability in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
## 5 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of Energy Efficiency  
Table 3 presents a statistical analysis for the top-EER supercomputers. The Min EER refers to the supercomputer with the lowest EER among the top-EE supercomputers, typically ranked in the 10 th position. The Max EER represents the supercomputer with the highest EER, typically occupying the number 1 position in the top 10 EER rankings.  
The Min and Max EER columns indicate improvements in EER, particularly in recent periods (Nov24, June24, and Nov23) compared to the earlier periods (June20, Nov20, and June21). In the early periods, the EER values were relatively low, especially for the Min EER, with only a slight increase observed for both Min and Max values. However, EER has shown continuous, gradual improvement over the five-year period. The increasing Min EER values suggest that even the supercomputers with the lowest EE within the top-performing group have improved significantly. Notably, a significant improvement in EER begins from June22, particularly for the Max EER, with a continued upward trend extending to the current period. The standard deviation values highlight trends in diversity among EE supercomputers. Lower standard deviation values reflect limited diversity, whereas higher values indicate increasing diversity within the top-EER group. The mean EER exhibits a  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l l} \hline  & **Nov24** & **June24** & **Nov23** & **June23** & **Nov22** & **June22** & **Nov21** & **June21** & **Nov20** \\ \hline June24 & 0.522 & & & & & & & & \\ Nov23 & 0.644 & 0.928 & & & & & & & \\ June23 & 0.156 & 0.694 & 0.473 & & & & & & \\ Nov22 & 0.139 & 0.658 & 0.407 & 0.997 & & & & & \\ June22 & 0.379 & 0.688 & 0.640 & 0.501 & 0.488 & & & & \\ Nov21 & 0.269 & 0.459 & 0.617 & 0.599 & 0.548 & 0.205 & & & \\ June21 & 0.270 & 0.459 & 0.617 & 0.599 & 0.548 & 0.205 & 1.000 & & \\ Nov20 & 0.631 & 0.390 & 0.547 & 0.342 & 0.285 & 0.600 & 0.607 & 0.607 & \\ June20 & 0.310 & 0.397 & 0.518 & 0.316 & 0.257 & 0.307 & 0.582 & 0.581 & 0.549 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Correlation analysis of power consumption for top-performing supercomputers.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline  & **Min EER** & **Max EER** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** \\  & **(GFIops/watts)** & **(GFIops/watts)** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** \\ \hline Nov24 & 62.803 & 72.733 & 67.57050 & 3.183307 \\ June24 & 56.983 & 72.733 & 63.82320 & 4.945468 \\ Nov23 & 45.117 & 65.396 & 55.12390 & 6.331100 \\ June23 & 41.411 & 65.396 & 54.28460 & 7.193580 \\ Nov22 & 38.555 & 65.091 & 52.37460 & 9.320747 \\ June22 & 29.926 & 62.684 & 42.51240 & 11.22643 \\ Nov21 & 26.195 & 39.379 & 30.20030 & 4.027269 \\ June21 & 24.058 & 29.700 & 26.36860 & 2.139020 \\ Nov20 & 15.418 & 26.195 & 20.53800 & 4.868887 \\ June20 & 14.661 & 21.108 & 16.85790 & 2.389266 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Statistical description of energy efficiency.  
consistent upward trend, signifying persistent efforts by the top-EE supercomputers to achieve sustainability over the years.  
Table 4 presents the correlation values for top-EER supercomputers. The strong correlations observed throughout the study period reveal that supercomputers with similar characteristics dominated the top 10 spots in the EER rankings. The consistent high correlation across the periods suggests uniform progress in EE among the top-performing energy-efficient supercomputers. Observations from Table 4 further indicate that correlations steadily increase from the early periods (June20-Nov21) to the recent periods (Nov23-Nov24), reaching extremely high values. This trend likely reflects global efforts toward sustainability. Adjacent periods consistently maintain strong correlations, likely due to gradual improvement in sustainability, across the periods under study.