# A Lightweight and Practical Anonymous Authentication Protocol Based on Bit-Self-Test PUF
## 6 Conclusions  
We propose a lightweight and practical anonymous authentication protocol based on BST-PUF and implement it on an FPGA. Analyses show that our protocol still remains safe  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Step** & **Implementation Module** & **Clock Cycles** \\ \hline Read \(c_{1}\), \(h_{1}\), \(ID_{1}\) & Read ROM & 33,394 \\ \hline \(m_{1}\)\(\stackrel{{ UL}}{{\longleftarrow}}\)**TRNG**; & \(c_{1}\)\(\stackrel{{ UL}}{{\longleftarrow}}\)**TRNG** & Programmable logic (PL) & 8426 \\ \hline \(k_{1}:=\)**KEY.Rec\((c_{1},h_{1})\)**; \((k_{2},h_{2}):=\)**KEY.Ext\((c_{2})\)** & Key. Ext/Rec Model and BST-APUF & 16,439 \\ \hline \((s_{1},\ldots,s_{5}):=\)**PRF\((k_{1},m_{1}\parallel m_{2})\)** ; \(v:=\)**PRF\((s_{3},m_{2}\parallel u)\)** & SIMON PRF/PRF(128-bit) & 375,866 \\ \hline Update \(c_{2}\), \(h_{2}\), \(ID_{2}\) & Write ROM & 75,788 \\ \hline
**Total** & **–** & **509,913** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: The execution time of the proposed protocol.  
even if an adversary has physical access to the device. Specifically, our protocol effectively ensures the low overhead and required security properties by exploiting the lightweight and inherent security features of the BST-PUF. Therefore, the proposed scheme ensures security while effectively reducing the implementation overhead and solving the problems of existing PUF-based authentication protocols. Because of its low overhead and high security properties, our proposed scheme can be used in resource-constrained IoT tags such as RFID in various fields, such as healthcare, the automotive industry, ubiquitous electric IoT, and security intelligent control systems, and it provides a sufficiently reliable and inexpensive solution for the development of IoT. However, there are also some limitations to our work. Firstly, we have implemented the device side of the proposed protocol on an FPGA development board, but have not evaluated the design to measure its precise power consumption. The second is that the scheme was developed less than a year ago, although we have proven the security of the protocol and the system runs with high reliability at present. However, because the proposed scheme can be used in a wide range of scenarios and the application environment of the device is complex, other security threats may arise in practical applications and more practical engineering applications are lacking to test the reliability of the scheme. In our coming work, we will continue to verify the security of the protocol and improve the reliability of the system. The proposed methods in this paper can be applied to other field such as system identification [42; 43; 44] and signal and information proccessing.  
Conceptualization, Y.A.; Funding acquisition, Z.H.; Investigation, Y.A. and Y.Z.; Methodology, Y.A.; Supervision, Y.Z., W.C. and Z.T.; Validation, Y.A. and Y.Z.; Original draft writing, Y.A.; Review and editing, Y.A., Y.Z., Z.H. and W.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62174050) and Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2020 CFB814).  
We would like to acknowledge [PERSON], for his contributions to this work.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.