## 1 Introduction  
The lateral cephalogram (lat ceph) is an essential tool for orthodontists when planning treatment for craniofacial deformities. Accurate traceability and identification of different cephalometric landmark points on radiographs allow orthodontists to diagnose and evaluate orthodontic treatment. A landmark point (Sella point) marked at the centre of Sella Turcica (represented with ST) is widely used in orthodontics. Sella Turcica is an important structure in understanding craniofacial deformities by analysing its characteristics (shape, size, and volume) [1,2]. The pituitary gland is enclosed within the ST, which is a bony structure with a saddle shape. It has two clinoid projections, anterior and posterior, that extend across the pituitary fossa [3,4]. The size of these projections can vary, and when they converge, it is known as Sella Turcica Bridging (STB). This condition can lead to dental deformities and disrupt pituitary hormone secretion [5,6]. [PERSON] has identified three types of standard Sella shapes: circular/round, flat, and oval, as depicted in Figure 1. The oval shape is the most common, while the flat shape is the least common [7, 8, 9]. In addition to these shapes, a condition called bridging occurs when the anterior and posterior clinoid lobes converge, as shown in Figure 1. This condition is known to be associated with specific syndromes and malformations that can affect dental and skeletal health, as documented in sources [10, 11, 12, 13]. Studies have used various statistical methods to analyse the morphological characteristics of the ST structure in radiographs. One commonly used method for measuring the length of ST involves calculating the distance between two points, i.e., the tuberculum sellae \((T_{S})\) and the dorsum sellae \((D_{S})\) projection [6,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]. To measure the area of ST, some researchers multiply the length and breadth of the structure, as illustrated in Figure 2. Another manual method involves sketching the outline of the ST on transparent graph paper and then placing it over a calibrated graph. Then the dental experts or practitioners count the number of squares within the outline. Finally, many studies of ST size have employed [PERSON]'s method, which involves measuring three variables (length, depth, and diameter) [23]. Figure 1: Pre-defined types of ST: (**A**) Circular, (**B**) Flat, (**C**) Oval, and (**D**) Bridging (additional). Subsequently, studies have been conducted to evaluate the length, area, volume, and forms of ST in cleft patients through the use of CBCT images. These studies have confirmed that ST length is indeed shorter in cleft patients [15; 16]. To locate the Sella point, 3D maxillofacial software is commonly used to convert 3D CBCT data into 2D eph datasets. Another method of identifying the Sella point involves the use of 3D models based on a new reference system, which can be more effective and reliable than converting 3D image datasets into 2D [17; 18]. However, using Cone-Beam-CT and digital volume tomography to measure Sella size may not be practical for routine use. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the biomedical field due to its ability to mimic cognitive processes like learning and decision-making, which are similar to those of humans. One popular type of AI model is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which can detect important image features with high computational efficiency, closely resembling biological visual processing. However, in orthodontics, manually inspecting eph X-ray images for morphological features of ST or using 3D models based on Cone-Beam-CT scans can be time-consuming, require expert intervention, and expose patients to radiation. Therefore, in addition to clinicians, AI can be used as an assistive tool to identify subtle details that may not be visible to the naked eye.