## 5 Discussion  
This article aims to systematically collect and amalgamate exhaustive information pertaining to 51 modern high-rise residential timber edifices. The primary emphasis of this inquiry is on spatial effectiveness concerning architectural and structural aspects of these green towers, aiming to augment our understanding of the intricacies embedded within the design and erection of high-rise structures. Eventually, this study endeavors to contribute significantly to the extant repository of knowledge in the realm of design and construction of these green structures. The outcomes delineated in this manuscript exhibit resemblances and distinctions in contrast to prior research endeavors, exemplified by the study conducted by, e.g., [33]. Succinctly summarized, the principal discoveries from this investigation are as follows:  
1. Central cores were the predominant core arrangements, while peripheral configurations ranked as the other preferred alternative. Prismatic forms emerged as the most preferred selections. 2. The widespread utilization of timber as a building material was predominant, with amalgamations of timber and concrete following closely as the subsequent choice. Load-bearing systems were primarily defined by the application of shear-walled frames and shear-wall configurations. 3. The average space utilization within the examined cases was recorded at 83%, exhibiting variances ranging from 70% to 93% across different cases. 4. The average proportion of core area-to-GFA was calculated at 10%, demonstrating fluctuations within the range of 4% to 21% across diverse scenarios. 5. No notable distinction was observed in the effect of various core planning strategies on spatial efficiency when properly designed, and similar conclusions were drawn regarding building forms and structural materials. In modern high-rise timber residential buildings, the central core configuration prevails, supported by extensive research [25; 26; 27; 33], reflecting a broader architectural and construction preference. This configuration, housing essential vertical circulation elements, offers numerous advantages. It bolsters structural stability, maximizes floor area efficiency by consolidating circulation and service functions, and facilitates smooth vertical transportation, reducing congestion. Additionally, it allows for architectural flexibility, particularly beneficial in mixed-use developments. In this study, the majority of structures exhibit a prismatic configuration, favored for its simplicity compared to more complex geometries [25; 33]. Prismatic structures align well with conventional building techniques, aiding in project execution. Their rectangular floor plans optimize spatial utilization and functional efficiency, simplifying room layouts for occupants. Moreover, their modular characteristics contribute to sustainable and cost-effective construction processes by optimizing material and resource utilization. A notable trend in high-rise residential construction is the increasing use of timber and concrete composite materials, with this blend becoming the preferred choice due to its flexibility and numerous advantages [95]. This combination capitalizes on timber's warmth and esthetic appeal along with concrete's strength and versatility [96; 97]. In the structural systems of timber buildings, a clear hierarchy has emerged, with tall timber projects favoring shear-walled frames and shear-wall systems for their effective handling of lateral loads and provision of stability, particularly against wind and seismic forces. A proposed standard for evaluating the spatial efficiency of tall buildings aims for a benchmark of 75% utilization [98]. Investigations into high-rise edifices designed for office, residential, and mixed-use purposes, employing non-timber materials, have unveiled a spectrum of space optimization levels, typically clustering within the range of 71% to 76% [25; 26; 27]. These analyses delineate variances in the allocation of core area relative to GFA, spanning from 19% to 26%.