# Damping Rates of Anti-Vibration Gloves Made of Different Materials
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Statistical Evaluation of the Measurement Results  
One-way ANOVA was performed to determine the differences in the vibration damping ratios among the 12 different gloves. The analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software. Before performing ANOVA, normality tests were conducted in the first stage to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution. From Table 5, the skewness value is 0.02, and the kurtosis value is \(-1.02\). These values are in the range of \(-1.50\) and \(+1.5\), showing a normal distribution. After dividing the skewness and kurtosis values by the standard error, the values of 0.06 and 1.33. are obtained, which are between \(-1.96\) and \(+1.96\), following the normal distribution. Figure 8 shows that the histogram resembles the bell curve for a theoretical (Sample Mean: 14.34 and SD: 6.662) normal distribution. Figure 7: Vibration damping ratios determined from laboratory measurements for the 12 gloves. Table 6 shows the normality test results; the \(p\)-value of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results is greater than 0.05, indicating that the data are normally distributed. Table 6. Test of normality. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Kolmogorov–Smirnov a**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Shapiro–Wilk**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Statistic** & **df** & \(p\)**-Value** & **Statistic** & **df** & **Sig.** \\ \hline Vibration Damping Ratios & 0.11 & 36 & 0.20 * & 0.96 & 36 & 0.18 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Lower bound of the true significance a Lilliefors significance correction.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Descriptive statistics of the vibration damping ratios. Figure 8: Histogram of the data. After confirming that the data showed a normal distribution, a one-way ANOVA was performed. This analysis is used in cases where a variable is measured in more than two independent studies to determine whether the results of these groups significantly differ. In this study, it was necessary to determine whether the vibration damping rates determined among the 12 different gloves were significantly different. The dependent variable is the vibration damping rate, and the independent variables are the 12 different gloves. Table 7 shows the average vibration damping ratios, standard deviation values, and highest and lowest values of 12 different gloves. Table 8 shows the homogeneity test results for the variance among the vibration damping ratios. Given that the \(p\)-value in the table is less than 0.05, there is no homogeneity of the variance according to the arithmetic mean. Note that the condition of homogeneity was not met, and thus the Welch test result was considered instead of the ANOVA results. In Table 9, the \(p\)-value is less than 0.05, indicating that there are significant differences. Figure 9 shows the vibration damping rates of each glove according to the arithmetic mean. As a result, the highest average vibration damping rate is seen for glove No. 1; and the lowest average vibration damping rate is seen for glove No. 12. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**95\% Confidence Interval for**} & \\  & & & & & & the Mean & & & \\
**No. ** & **N** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **Std. Error** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Lower Bound**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Upper Bound**} & \\ \hline
1 & 3 & 23.69 & 2.81 & 1.62 & 16.70 & 30.67 & 21.31 & 26.79 \\
2 & 3 & 21.33 & 2.96 & 1.71 & 13.98 & 28.67 & 19.36 & 24. Finally, a post hoc analysis (multiple comparisons) was performed to determine which vibration damping ratios were significantly different. Because the variance was not distributed homogeneously, the Games-Howell test was used here. As specified in Table 10, the \(p\)-values are \(\leq\)0.05 for several relationships. This indicates that there are significant differences between the vibration damping ratio of glove No. 1 and the vibration damping ratios of gloves Nos. 9, 10, 11, and 12; between the vibration damping ratio of glove No. 2 and the vibration damping ratios of gloves Nos.