## 1 Introduction  
Asset management and risk management are two areas that work together to ensure the long-term sustainability and resilience of cities and urban communities [1]. Asset management is the strategic planning, procurement, and upkeep of a city's financial and physical assets, whereas risk management means identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential risks and hazards that may affect a city and its inhabitants [2]. Effective asset management is critical for preserving and increasing urban quality of life. Cities are complex systems with a diverse collection of assets, such as infrastructure, public services, and natural resources, that must be managed and maintained in order to offer the essential support to city dwellers [3; 4; 5]. Cities can ensure that these assets stay in excellent shape and continue to offer people with the required services and facilities by properly planning and maintaining them. Risk management is also a key component of guaranteeing cities' long-term sustainability and resilience [6; 7]. Natural catastrophes, economic downturns, and public health crises are all potential threats to cities. Cities may take actions to limit the effect of these risks and decrease the likelihood of negative outcomes by identifying and evaluating them. This might include putting in place emergency response plans, investing in disaster-resistant infrastructure, or putting in place policies to diversify the city's economy and less its vulnerability to hazards [8; 9; 10]. The interconnectedness between asset management, risk management, and Urban Resilience (UR) is evident [11; 12; 13; 14]. Effective asset management is required for the development of a strong and resilient city, but it is also vital to manage the risks that may affect those assets and impair the city's resilience. Cities may guarantee that they are well positioned to resist and recover from shocks and pressures while continuing to offer a high quality of life for their citizens by carefully balancing the requirement for asset management with the need for risk management [1]. Comprehending how asset management, risk management, and urban resilience interrelate is crucial in the field of civil engineering, particularly with the ongoing concerns of climate change and the pursuit of sustainable infrastructure [15; 16; 17]. Civil engineers are actively engaged in devising strategies to shield communities from the consequences of climate change, such as rising sea levels and severe weather patterns [18]. Their role includes the creation of infrastructure that meets environmental, economic, and social sustainability criteria, incorporating the use of renewable resources and advanced technologies [19; 20]. Implementing these sustainable practices is fundamental to developing infrastructure that not only withstands climate-related hazards but also maintains sustainability throughout its operational lifespan. This practice is intertwined with the larger concepts of asset management and urban resilience, underscoring the pivotal function of civil engineers in confronting climate change through the development of sustainable infrastructure solutions [21]. This paper is structured to comprehensively explore the relationship between Risk-Informed Asset-Centric decision-making processes and urban resilience, particularly in the context of earthquake hazard assessment in Portugal. The initial sections focus on providing essential background knowledge on disaster risks, risk management principles, asset management strategies, and the concepts of urban resilience and sustainability. These sections aim to establish a foundational understanding of the interconnected elements that are very important in managing risks associated with seismic events and enhancing the resilience of urban areas. Following this, the paper explores the proposed Risk-Informed Asset-Centric (RIACT) decision-making process.