## 3 Results
### Results from Semi-Structured Interview  
Adding to results from the questionnaires, the numbers of positive, neutral and negative statements on workspace and HMI grouped by subscales from WDQ category \"Work Context\" and living lab are listed in Table 9. Additionally, exemplary responses for each subscale and living lab are reported in this table. Regarding interrater reliability, [PERSON]'s kappa was calculated to be 0.86. According to [35], this can be interpreted as an \"almost perfect agreement\" between the raters.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Laboratory** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**HMI Component 3**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Output 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Output 2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**M**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**SD**} \\ \hline HEAT & Central operating station. & & & X & 4.00 & 0.82 \\  & Central screen for video stream. & X & & 3.00 & 0.82 \\  & Peripheral screens for side mirror cameras. & X & & 4.00 & 0.82 \\ \hline RealLabHH & Screen that displays the immediate surroundings using sensor data. & X & & 2.67 & 0.94 \\  & Screen that displays the surroundings over a large area using sensor data. & X & & 2.67 & 1.70 \\  & Central screen showing the shuttle’s location accuracy (GPS) and the current & X & & 3.67 & 1.25 \\  & route (green line). & & X & 3.67 & 0.94 \\  & Key to switch between manual and automated mode. & & X & 3.67 & 0.94 \\  & Information about trips. & & X & X & 2.00 & 1.41 \\  & Touch display to make or view vehicle settings (lights, air conditioning, etc.). & X & X & 3.33 & 1.25 \\  & Wide-angle camera for viewing area directly in front of the shuttle. & X & & 4.00 & 0.00 \\  & Joystick for direct control of the vehicle. & & X & 3.00 & 0.00 \\ \hline TaBuLa & Main screen, consisting of the following: & & X & 5 & 0 \\  & (a) Map. & & X & 5 & 0 \\  & (b) Control display for diagrams, events, errors. & X & & 5 & 0 \\  & (c) Sensor and trajectory display. & X & & 5 & 0 \\  & (d) Display of speed and vehicle status. & X & & 5 & 0 \\  & Xbox controller for controlling shuttle. & & X & 5 & 0 \\  & Control elements on black box (left in the picture 3). & & X & 3 & 2 \\  & Operating elements around the small LCD display on the white box (right in & & X & 5 & 0 \\  & the picture 3). & & X & 5 & 0 \\ \hline  & Low: 1 to high: 5 (center: 3). Range of values: 1: “not suitable at all to complete key tasks” to 5: “completely suitable to complete key tasks”. 1 Information displayed to the on-board operator. 2 Information entered by the on-board operator. 3 See Section 2.3 for pictures of HMI components. & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Suitability of different HMI components implemented in the shuttle of the respective living lab to complete key tasks.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Subscale 1** & **Laboratory** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Examples from Responses (Paraphrased)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**+ 2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**o 2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**- 2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total**} \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Ergonomics} & & \(\bullet\) & “Turn indicator buttons are too far away [from my position] so I have to stretch.” (P1(-)) & & & & \\  & & \(\bullet\) & “Ergonomically unwise design, very poor posture because retrofitted in addition to the bench seats that had already been in place.” (P2(-)) & & & \\  & HEAT & & & & \\  & & & \(\bullet\) & “I do not want to work in this bent posture. I would like an individually adjustable seal like on the bus with height and distance & & \\  & & & adjustment.” (P3(-)) & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & RealLabHH & &