# Current Problems of Forest Protection (25-27 October 2022, Katowice Poland)
## 11 **Intermediate-Term Forecasting Nun Meth Outbreaks**
The proposed method makes it possible to measure pest pressures in successive years and control the dynamics of the outbreak, as well as to determine the spatial variation of damages caused by pests in specific forest complexes, and track the dynamics of feeding during the growing season. **Keywords:** frass drop; primary pest; pine stand  
**Western Conifer Seed Bug (_Leptoglossus occidentalis_ (Heidemann, 1910)) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coreidae)--As a Potential Pest in Forest Management**  
David Marczak  
University of Ecology and Management in Warsaw, Poland  
\({}^{\star}\) Correspondence: dawid.marczak@gmail.com  
**Abstract:** The western conifer seed bug (_Leptoglossus occidentalis_) belongs to the leaf-footed bugs (Coreidae) within Heteroptera. Its original range is North America, where it occurs in Mexico, the western parts of the United States and southern Canada. It was introduced to Europe in the late 20 th Century, and the first reports were from Italy. In subsequent years, it colonised southern, central and western Europe. Outside Europe, the species is also native to Asia, and has been reported in Turkey, Israel, Georgia, Kazakhstan and the Far East, in China, Korea and Japan. In recent years, it has also been reported in Africa: Tunisia and Morocco. It has been known in Poland since 2008. _Leptoglossus occidentalis_ is an oligophagous species that develops on various coniferous species, where it feeds on the sap of young cones. The cones pierced by this hemipteran deform and do not form seeds. In its natural range in North America, this species is considered a pest in conifer plantations, where it can damage up to 80% of the seeds of _Pinus monticola_. In Europe, it damages pine crops by reducing the seed production of _Pinus pinea_. In California, it has also been found to be a pest of _Pistacia vera_. The species has also been reported in California on _Amygdala communis_, and from Spain on _Pistacia lentiiscus_. The insect overwinters as an imago hidden under loose bark, in tree cavities or crevices. Interestingly, this hemipteran easily winters in nature, as evidenced by the finding of a live adult individual in March under the bark of a _Pinus sylvestris_. It can also overwinter in human households, where its large aggregations can be quite a nuisance. The species has quickly established itself in new areas, as it is usually transferred with the plants between plantations and seedling distributors. In addition, the well-developed wings of the adults allow them to easily move about their location and expand their range to where they have been brought. **Keywords:** pest insects; Hemiptera; _Leptoglossus occidentalis_; cones pest; forest protected  
**Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Mospilan 20 SP and Dimilin 480 SC in Reducing the Abundance of the Eastern Saw Bush-Cricket (_Barbitistes constrictus_ Br) in Pine Stands**  
Artur Rutkiewicz and Iwona Skrzecz  
Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, Poland  
\({}^{*}\) Correspondence: a.rutkiewicz@ibles.waw.pl  
**Abstract:** In Polish forests, the eastern saw bush-cricket is one of the insects that causes great economic damage in pine stands. The largest area of occurrence and control of Eastern Saw Bush-cricket was shown in the 1960s. The area of occurrence then reached a total of 20.5 thousand hectares. Considering the constant intensive damage caused by this species and the decreasing number of possible insecticides, an attempt was made to evaluate the biological activity of two preparations used in Polish forests. The evaluation of biological activity of preparations Mospilan 20 SP and Dimilin 480 SC to reduce the number of _Barbitistes constrictus_ was carried out by the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Torun. The trial was conducted in 40-50-year-old Pinus sylvestris pine stands, where an intensive occurrence of pine pollen was found, with up to 1000 individuals per tree.