## 4 Result
### Spatializing the Nighttime Economy
#### 4.1.3 Spatializing the Nighttime Economy Facilities  
The concentration area of total NTL intensity embodies the hotspot area of the NTE, denoting a region with strong demand. The POI data of NSFs indicate the spatial distribution of NSFs. By analyzing the data of the YRD urban agglomeration, we can see that the NTE in the region exhibits clear characteristics of spatial agglomeration, and there are obvious differences between different cities, with a directional discrepancy from northwest to southeast. First, the spatial characteristics of the YRD urban agglomeration are significant. The six types of NSFs in the YRD urban agglomeration--catering, accommodations, transport, sightseeing, entertainment, and shopping--display significant agglomeration at the 99% level (Table 5). Catering facilities have the most prominent agglomeration features. Catering consumption has the universality of 24-h service and the rigidity of consumption demand, which has become the regular content of the NTE. Shopping facilities have been continuously developed and have flourished in the process of building an urban NTE; they play an important role in the nighttime economic activities of residents and tourists. Accommodations are necessary for tourists to continue their long-term travels and to participate in nighttime economic activities. The degree of development of the accommodations service industry affects the depth and breadth of nighttime economic activities. Leisure and entertainment facilities allow residents and tourists to relax and pursue pleasant experiences. Leisure and entertainment activities are intertwined and closely related to nighttime economic activities; they overlap in spatial distribution and facilities. Traffic diversification and networking, the duration of nighttime operations of subways, and other forms of public transit are closely tied to the growth of the NTE. Urban development must accelerate the construction of comfortable, convenient, and safe transportation facilities to meet the needs of residents and tourists at night. Among the six types of NSFs mentioned above, the agglomeration of sightseeing facilities is the smallest. Compared to other elements, the spatial distribution of natural and cultural landscapes (such as scenic spots and historical buildings) is more restricted and affected by geographic features and historical development. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Features** & **Observation Range/m** & **Expected Mean Range/m** & **R** & **z Value** & **\(p\) Value** & **Spatial Type** \\ \hline Catering & 36.184 & 319.870 & 0.113 & \(-\)1663.182 & 0.000 & Significantly \\ Accommodation & 136.625 & 849.391 & 0.161 & \(-\)591.770 & 0.000 & Significantly \\ Transport & 133.106 & 483.455 & 0.275 & \(-\)897.535 & 0.000 & Significantly \\ Sightseeing & 460.736 & 1286.421 & 0.358 & \(-\)300.147 & 0.000 & Significantly \\ Entertainment & 218.184 & 836.517 & 0.261 & \(-\)526.748 & 0.000 & Significantly \\ Shopping & 28.941 & 222.107 & 0.130 & \(-\)2352.853 & 0.000 & Significantly \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Spatial concentration characteristics of nighttime service facilities. Second, the spatial imbalance between the different cities is prominent. According to the nuclear density analysis (Figure 5), the spatial distribution of NSFs in different cities is considerably different and uneven, showing the spatial distribution features of many dense NSFs in the east, whereas there are far fewer and more dispersed NSFs in the west. In addition, we can see the distribution pattern of one core area and multiple sub-core areas, with the center spreading to the edges. Shanghai's core area has a dense population and is experiencing rapid economic growth. When establishing an NTE, a city concentrates on building a nighttime economic system that integrates six types of NSFs: catering, accommodations, transportation, sightseeing, entertainment, and shopping. It has established a good business network and a solid nighttime consumer base.