## 7 Optimization of the Space Mission Supply Chain  
The optimization of the space mission supply chain is critical to ensure the efficient and continuous flow of resources and equipment needed for space exploration. Space agencies can reduce costs and optimize resource utilization by utilizing advanced logistics and supply chain management strategies such as demand forecasting, inventory optimization, and efficient transportation [77; 78; 79]. The optimization process begins with precise demand forecasting, which entails assessing historical data based on simulation and taking into account elements such as mission objectives, payload requirements, and personnel requirements [80; 81]. This aids in the determination of the quantity and types of items to be conveyed. Inventory optimization is critical in managing basic products such as spamission-required resources, among them food, water, fuel, replacement parts, and scientific equipment. The risk of shortagesor excesses can be reduced by maintaining adequate inventory levels, resulting in cost savings and increased mission efficiency [82; 83]. Efficient transportation routes [84; 85] are essential for the timely and dependable delivery of materials to the launch site and, ultimately, space. Collaboration and coordination among many stakeholders, including space agencies, suppliers, contractors, and mission control centers, are critical for optimizing the space mission supply chain. Previous research has not established a clear substantive theory or empirical evidence for the process of sustainability-driven space mission international collaboration. It is critical to investigate how competing space agencies and supply chain corporations might collaborate in their space mission supply chains to attain a higher degree of sustainable performance by identifying coopetition drivers, facilitators, and barriers [3]. Effective communication and information sharing ensure that everyone is on the same page and working toward the same objective. The continuous monitoring, evaluation, and improvement of the space mission supply chain are critical components of improving it [86; 87]. Space agencies can improve the overall efficiency and efficacy of future missions by monitoring performance metrics, finding bottlenecks, and implementing remedial actions [88; 89]. Multi-Objective Conceptual Model for Optimizing Risk, Sustainability and Supply Chain of Space Mission  
The mathematical programming conceptual model [90; 91] is designed to support the planning, organization and optimization of space missions, as well as taking into consideration risks and sustainability factors, and moreover supply chain efficiency. Possible optimization criteria can consider the following aspects of a space mission:  
* Minimization of stress levels related with space mission preparation. * Minimization of risk factors related with space missions. * Minimization of costs of space missions. * Minimization of time required for space mission preparation. * Minimization of time required for space mission tasks. * Maximization of efficiency of resource allocations. * Maximization of resource utilization. * Maximization of sustainability of space missions. * Maximization of the safety level of space mission accomplishment. * Maximization of supply chain efficiency. * Maximization of a set of resilient suppliers. * Minimization of disruptions in the supply chain. * Minimization of space mission components vs. Maximization of space mission tasks. Multi-Objective Optimization Model with Risk, Sustainability, and Supply Chain for Space Mission (SMORS)  
Selected the following three conceptual optimization criteria (\(f_{i}\), for \(i=1\ldots n\), there \(n=2\)) in the multi(triple)-criteria weighted-sum approach optimization model: the maximization of sustainability factors in the space mission, the minimization of the level of risk of factors considered with space mission, and the maximization of supply chain efficiency.