## 8 Conclusions
These include the high costs, complexity of information, maintenance demands, the absence of universal standards, and cybersecurity and communication concerns. The evaluation of technology, societal readiness, and maturity levels of AR support the requirement for further progress to fully enable autonomous, sustainable, and accepted AR applicationsin real environments. Future research should center around refining AR rendering and tracking techniques, optimizing AR applications for 5G communication, enhancing IoT data processing and analysis through machine learning and artificial intelligence, ensuring AR systems' interoperability, improving user interfaces, and investigating the role of cloud and edge computing capabilities in AR. Addressing these research areas will be instrumental in leveraging AR's full potential. To conclude, a comprehensive understanding of AR applications across various domains allows for a holistic evaluation of the current state-of-the-art and provides insights into the technology's future path. Navigating the identified challenges and harnessing the opportunities presented is vital for steering AR towards a future where its potential is both fully realized and beneficially integrated into our society. These challenges encompassed not just technical hurdles, but also the physical considerations inherent in creating seamless AR experiences. The need to optimize the AR technology is clear, but this process has required more time and effort than originally anticipated. This review /survey paper underscores the pivotal importance of not just creating AR technology but aligning it with real-world applications that resonate with end-users. Despite the aforementioned challenges, the narrative around AR has been progressively shifted. Today, the need to develop AR technologies with tangible impacts and benefits in multiple sectors of society is a reality. This comprehensive review highlights that AR is no longer a nascent technology; it is approaching ubiquity in both its technical maturity and its breadth of application. Across diverse sectors such as retail, healthcare, education, and urban planning, AR technologies exhibit high Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), a strong indicator of their readiness for commercial and practical application. Various forms of AR--including marker-based, markerless, and projection-based--are supported by a rich ecosystem of hardware, from smartphones and tablets to specialized wearables and sensors. This hardware versatility is matched by an equally robust software infrastructure that encompasses platforms like ARCore, ARKit, Unity, and Unreal Engine, among others. The review also reveals a trend towards interoperability and standardization, as seen in the commonly adopted connectivity and communication protocols like HTTP/HTTPS, TCP/IP, and WebSockets. This standardization is not only crucial for ensuring seamless user experiences but also for accelerating the mass adoption of AR technologies. Furthermore, AR applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated, integrating advanced features like LiDAR, Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors, and machine learning frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch. This indicates that AR is becoming more intelligent, interactive, and context-aware, thus offering more value-added experiences to the end-user. In essence, the current state of AR technology signifies a pivotal moment in its development life cycle. The technology has reached a stage where it is not just technically advanced but also practically useful across an array of industries. As hardware becomes more powerful, software more intelligent, and connectivity more seamless, AR is poised to become an integral facet of our digital lives, opening up new possibilities for interaction, collaboration, and understanding of the world around us. The contribution of the authors is divided as follows.