## 3 Results and Discussion
### Edge Band Studies
#### 3.1.1 The Influence of the Type of Glue on Quality of the Glued Joint
It is important to note that the adhesion of the edges was tested using different methods in various tests, which could influence the outcomes. It is also important to consider environmental implications, as PVC waste requires specialized processing owing to the release of toxic compounds upon uncontrolled burning, whereas ABS is safer for human health and the environment. ABS edges are gaining popularity for ecological reasons, despite PVC's current market dominance due to its lower cost. [PERSON] et al. [9] and [PERSON] et al. [8] were motivated by the increased use of composite materials and wooden dowels in furniture. However, they noted a lack of detailed information on the best ways to combine these materials to achieve the maximum strength. This study tested dowels made from different types of wood, including beech, oak, mulberry, apple, and fir, to determine which works best with particleboard and MDF. Dowels with different diameters (6, 8, and 10 mm) were tested to determine how well they were held on boards when bonded with two types of adhesives: PVAC and polyurethane (desmodurvinyl trieketonol acetate (D-VTKA). The researchers followed specific standards, such as TS 4539 [34] for testing the withdrawal strength and ASTM D1037 [35] for setting the loading rate during the tests, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the methodology. The results showed that the face direction in MDF had the highest withdrawal strength, D-VTKA adhesive outperformed PVAC adhesive in terms of withdrawal strength, and MDF showed better results than particleboard owing to its higher density and more homogeneous structure. Similar to the previous two papers, [PERSON] [13] tested dowels made from five different types of wood--beech, Scots pine, Turkish fir, chestnut, and olive--to see how well they worked when used in particleboards for furniture making. PVC edge banding with thicknesses of 0.8 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm was used to understand its impact on the strength of the dowel joints in the particleboard by using two types of water-resistant adhesives: polyvinyl acetate (PVAC-D4) and polyurethane (PUR-D4). The study found that dowels made from beech wood and bonded with polyurethane adhesive showed the highest strength, while PVC edge banding with a thickness of 0.8 mm significantly increased the strength of the dowel joints compared to other thicknesses, indicating that thinner edge banding performs better in this application. [PERSON] [11] optimized the edge banding process by developing mathematical models and a computerized program that could predict the best settings for different materials, ensuring that the adhesive layer was minimal and the bond strength was maximized under varying conditions. This study aimed to understand how well different types of edge banding materials stick to particleboards when using a specific hot-melt adhesive, focusing on determining the best conditions for a strong bond by examining various factors such as the glue amount, temperature, and pressure applied during the process. This study tested three types of edge banding materials on particleboards: beech veneer edge strips, melamine edge foil, and PVC edge foil. The adhesive compound was applied with a tensile load perpendicular to the veneering surface using a T-shaped steel body attached to the edge material by a cyanoacrylate adhesive to evenly spread the tensile forces. The author found that not all materials worked in the same way; therefore, he had to adjust the glue temperature and pressure to obtain the best stickiness. For example, melamine foil requires higher pressure when the glue is hotter, and PVC materials work best at a specific temperature and lower pressure. [PERSON] et al. [12] wanted to understand whether increasing the thickness of the glue layer at certain points could help absorb more energy and reduce the risk of joint breakage under repeated use, which is crucial for industries that require lightweight and strong connections.