### Literature Review  
The researchers provide a solution to distribute power from the battery supercapacitor (SC) to the load using the composite power supply. As a result, the current spikes are reduced on the battery side [3]. Different types of converters and their pros and cons are discussed in [4]. The mostly rule- and optimization-based control strategy is used to implement energy management system (EMS) in HEV. A detailed comparison of the battery SC-based voltage compensator is given. The compensator was interfaced to the grid connected solar system to overcome the power quality issues [5]. EMS is proposed to distribute the power intelligently. To keep the direct current (DC) voltage constant, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based low pass filter and adaptive proportional integral-based charge controller are used. It also prevents the SC from overcharging and increases battery health and performance [6]. An adaptive FLC-based supervisory EMS is proposed [7]. By using the parallel active topology, the battery's current variation is minimized. Moreover, the system's efficiency has been maximized and the DC link voltage matching problems have been solved. The choice of converter for HEVs and EVs is an important issue. Several types of converters such as unidirectional, bidirectional, four quadrant converters, etc. have already been discussed by researchers. Every topology has a specific and particular application and configuration. In [8; 9; 10; 11; 12], different types of converters with their application and disadvantage for EVs are discussed. As a result, the effects of converter losses are reduced. The bidirectional SEPIC converter of type-III can be used to transfer the energy in both directions. This can be done in buck-boost mode with non-inverted output voltage polarity and is cheaper than the conventional converter. The SEPIC converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) combined with the internal model control (IMC) gives the fastest response. A new SEPIC-based high step-up DC-DC converter is used [13]. However, with a greater number of passive components, it becomes costly and produces losses. In [14], a SEPIC converter comparison was carried out between a coupled and uncoupled inductor in CCM, which gives some ripple current; it is efficient for the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. In [2], an inter-leaved bidirectional SEPIC converter in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) was used to provide smooth current to charge the battery. As a result, the output voltage was regulated. However, due to continuous the charging and discharging of SC, minimal converter losses occurred. Fuel cells can also be used instead of internal combustion engines and batteries. In [15], proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) were combined with a lithium-ion battery with boost converters. In [16], a case study has been carried for the selection of batteries of EVs. The analysis shows that lithium-ion batteries would be best suited for EVs. This is due to their enhanced performance as compared to other types of batteries. Different energy storage systems (ESS) such as batteries and SCs are used for HEVs and plug-in HEVs. Additionally, advanced charging schemes of the batteries have been depicted in [17; 18]. In [19], several control strategies for HEVs and a detailed investigation on EMS for the conversion of the traditional vehicle into plug-in HEV have been carried out. For the efficient controlling of the motor, FLC is utilized so that the energy consumption of the battery can be reduced. An excellent introduction to fuzzy control and its vast applications to industrial applications is presented in [20]. A detailed explanation about the mathematics of fuzzy control and fuzzy relations is given. Moreover, representation of a set of fuzzy rules, non-linear fuzzy control, adaptive fuzzy control, and more are given. [PERSON] and [PERSON], et al. [21] worked on the improvement of battery health and battery discharge current.