## 3 Results and Discussion
### Morphology Study  
Figures 5-8 display the oxide coatings formed through anodization, which are characterized by a porous structure conducive to cell adhesion and growth. The surfaces of these coatings are heterogeneous and exhibit well-developed characteristics. Notably, the pores present on these surfaces are numerous and small, which could have a significant impact on the longevity of the protective layer when exposed to aggressive environments. The observed structures, typical of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) reactions, further confirm the successful surface modification of the magnesium samples. These findings suggest that the anodized oxide coatings created through PEO are not only structurally optimized for enhancing biocompatibility but also provide a suitable environment for long-term stability and protection against corrosion in physiological conditions. The detailed morphology of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Wetting Angle Value** & **Wettability Rating** \\ \hline Mg\_01 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_02 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_03 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_04 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_05 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_06 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_07 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_08 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_09 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_10 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_11 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_12 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_13 & 0.0\({}^{\circ}\) & Complete wettability \\ Mg\_14 & 27.1\({}^{\circ}\) & Very good wetting properties \\ Mg\_15 & 15.1\({}^{\circ}\) & Very good wetting properties \\ Mg\_16 & 36.8\({}^{\circ}\) & Very good wetting properties \\ Mg\_17 & 30.5\({}^{\circ}\) & Very good wetting properties \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Wetting angle values and wettability ratings for individual samples. Figure 4: Contact angle determination. The chemical composition of the layers was analyzed using the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) method. This technique enabled the determination of the distribution of key elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, sodium, carbon, and magnesium across the coatings. Notably, the elemental composition observed in the coatings closely resembles that of natural bone, further supporting the potential of these modified magnesium implants for biomedical applications. The distribution of these elements suggests that the surface modifications made through plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) enhance the material's bioactivity and biocompatibility. The detailed results of the EDS analysis, including the elemental profiles and their respective distributions, are presented in Figures 9-11 and Tables 5-7. These findings underline the promising characteristics of the modified magnesium implants in terms of their structural and chemical similarity to bone, potentially improving their performance in clinical applications such as orthopedics and dentistry. Based on the analysis of the obtained results presented in Figure 9 and Table 5, it can be concluded that oxygen and magnesium exhibit the highest content among the elements detected in the oxide coatings. The dominant presence of magnesium is indicative of the successful modification of the magnesium substrate through the anodization process. Additionally, the presence of sodium is attributed to its role as a key component of the electrolyte used during the anodization, further supporting the involvement of the electrolyte in the surface modification process. This elemental distribution reinforces the effectiveness of the anodization process in creating a robust and bioactive surface layer on the magnesium implants.