# Application of the KINEROS 2 Model to Natural Basin for Estimation of Erosion
## 4 Discussion of Simulation Results
### KINEROS 2 Sedimentological Results  
The sedimentological model was validated using MUSLE results, due to the lack of measured data. In order to accomplish this, the study area average temperature was changed by applying a value of 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C. In addition, the erosive flow area decreased to 10% (the area composed of non-rocky material). Then, a new fine distribution was made using the investigations. Table 4 shows the differences between calculated results using MUSLE and KINEROS 2. As we can see in the table above, results obtained with MUSLE and with KINEROS 2 are close in most of rainfall events in terms of absolute values. If we compare total eroded soil during the year, the difference of the final result is more significant. If we make the same final comparison excluding Event 7, final results are close between MUSLE and KINEROS 2 results, as we can see in previous table. The reason is that Event 7 could not be calibrated correctly. One unique rainfall event can spoil global annual erosion results. KINEROS 2 offers an eroded solid material graphical representation. Figure 6 shows the graphical representation of eroded solid material from KINEROS 2 for Event 1 in the sub-basins and in the streams of Aviar Basin. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Rainfall Event** & **Total Rainfall (mm)** & **Duration (min)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **KINEROS 2 Results** \\ **(ton/ha)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **MUSLE** \\ **(ton/ha)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Differences** \\ **\%** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Event 1 & 22.6 & 384 & 2.6 & 2.46 & 5.77 \\ Event 2 & 14.0 & 288 & 0.033 & 0.030 & 18.18 \\ Event 3 & 13.6 & 606 & 0 & 0 & - \\ Event 4 & 20.2 & 456 & 0 & 0 & - \\ Event 5 & 38.6 & 588 & 6.34 & 4.77 & 24.5 \\ Event 6 & 16.2 & 210 & 1.93 & 1.72 & 11.4 \\ Event 7 & 35.4 & 222 & 12.81 & 7.21 & 43.72 \\ Event 8 & 16.8 & 204 & 7.45 & 5.06 & 32 \\ Event 9 & 21.4 & 444 & 1.93 & 2.22 & 12.3 \\ Event 10 & 22.6 & 534 & 1.12 & 1.77 & 36 \\ \hline  & **TOTAL** & & **34.21** & **25.157** & **26\%** \\ \hline  & **TOTAL (excluding Event 7)** & & **21.20** & **17.957** & **15\%** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Differences between calculated results using MUSLE and KINEROS 2 ([PERSON], 2014). Once the annual eroded material quantity has been calculated by the four different methodologies, a comparison is made as shown in Table 5.  
Table 5 shows that there are differences between results of the different methods. The range of differences are between 1 ton/ha/year comparing RUSLE with MUSLE, and 13.5 tons/ha/year comparing USLE with KINEROS 2. This is mainly because the calibration of Event 7 cannot be completed adequately with KINEROS 2; however, we can get an idea of the eroded volume in the Aviar Basin, between 20-30 ton/ha/year. In conclusion, all results are compared and discussed. Differences between calculated erosion amounts for each method are shown in Table 6.  
Therefore, using one of these methods we can estimate the amount of eroded material to allow the implementation of adequate preventive measures to prevent the accumulation of sediments in sewer networks [10]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**MODEL** & **USLE** & **RUSLE** & **MUSLE** & **KINEROS 2** & **[PERSON] et al. (2014)** \\ \hline USLE & 15.42\% & 18.92\% & 39.5\% & 22.7\% \\ RUSLE & & 4.13\% & 28.5\% & 8.6\% \\ MUSLE & & & 25.5\% & 4.7\% \\ KINEROS 2 & & & & 21.8\% \\ Model of & & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Differences between calculated erosion amounts for each method (including Event 7) [3]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **Erosion Amount (ton/ha/year)** \\ \hline USLE & 20.674 \\ RUSLE & 24.443 \\ MUSLE & 25.497 \\ KINEROS 2 & 34.213 \\ Model of [PERSON] et al. & 26.750 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Sedimentological results for each method (including Event 7) [3].