# A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies
## 3 Applications
### LoRaWAN Applications  
It is not limited but, Smart Cities, Smart Farming, Environmental Monitoring, Smart Grids, and e-Health are the most common application areas for the LPWAN technologies. IoT monitoring applications are becoming an important part of our lives since most of the systems rely on these network data. When deployment costs are considered having a long life LoRaWAN equipped IoT devices becomes a feasible solution. [PERSON] et al. [102], a LoRa based application for monitoring environmental changes presented. The designed system is capable of keeping track of floating-point cases for rivers and the seas. [PERSON] et al. [103] share the results of the LoRa river monitoring system with air and water temperature, river depth, solar/battery performance, and barometric pressure. [PERSON] et al. [104] aim to solve multi-technology environmental monitoring in Smart Cities such as both static and moving elements, such as cars, bicycles, aquatic and aerial drones. Air pollution monitoring for Smart Cities is illustrated by the authors [PERSON] and [PERSON] [105] and [PERSON] et al. [106]. By [PERSON] et al. [107], LoRa is analyzed for sailing monitoring systems and PER are evaluated. Obtained results show that, while moving with 20 km/h average speed, the frame loss rate is 0.34% within the range of 400 m. [PERSON] et al. [108], a wildlife monitoring system has purposed using LoRa and shown that it can achieve up to 2% frame loss with a 5.5 km range with a power of 20 dBm. Also, other monitoring studies such as landslide [109; 110], anomaly monitoring and detection in infrastructures [111]  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [112] presents a Smart Farming application to detect the heat of the cattle using LoRA. According to the study developed system can stay online up to 5 years with 400 mAh over 10 km range. An agricultural use cases for monitoring crops [113], rice fields [114] and plant water controlling systems are [115; 116; 117; 118] discussed. [PERSON] [119] purpose a low power Beekeeping system to monitor temperature, humidity and control security of the hives through LoRaWAN. Car parking and monitoring [120], traffic lights [121] and traffic light congestion [122] monitoring systems are purposed as Smart City applications. [PERSON] et al. [123] make field test for a Smart Campus application in North France called SunRise with outdoor and indoor usages. A solid waste management system and its is implementations are discussed by [PERSON] et al. [124] and it is argued that RF Mesh networks can be useful for private scenarios, however, when inter-probability is in mind LoRaWAN is the feasible solutions. iCar [125], is another Smart City application focused on public and driver safety by tracing diagnostic information of the car. A cost-effective bus tracking system can be implemented using LoRa over Wi-SUN [126]. LoRaWAN also took the attention of the industry, where Smart Grid applications and LoRaWAN integrations are evaluated in recent studies. [PERSON] et al. [127] analyze LoRa, Radioteletype, and VHF wireless technologies for controlling remote SCADA systems in an energy efficient manner. Results of the show that LoRa is the only feasible solution. A technological comparison of RF Meshand LoRaWAN has presented by [128]. Also, it is possible to track electrical vehicle charging stations using LoRa [129]. Our previous work focused on developing an e-Health device to test if LoRaWAN is the right solution for the e-Health application [9]. As outlined in the paper Frame Air Times and moderated duty-cycles are a critical bottleneck for real-time patient tracking. However, this communication technology can be enough to keep track of measured data on a timely basis such as glucose levels or weight... etc. Another work has been published by [130] and communication ranges are tested in the study up-to 33 km\({}^{2}\) coverage areas are reached in rural test cases. Mentally disordered patients can be tracked using LoRa based communication technology [131]. Also, [PERSON] et al.