# Influencing Factors of Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Hail City, Saudi Arabia
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Charging Stations
#### 4.2.2 Factors Affecting the Number of Stations
Higher R values generally correspond to more stations required across most BCs, illustrating that less efficient vehicles (higher R) demand more extensive charging infrastructure. Effect of Car Slots (CSs) per Station and Charger Power (CP) on Station Number  
This analysis looks at the relationship, especially for a medium average R = 0.20 kWh/km, between the number of CSs and CP at each station and the number of charging stations needed. The information given includes a variety of CP values in addition to CS values from 50 to 500. Under certain conditions, the following is a detailed description of the link. * Lower CSs (50 Cars): The station numbers start relatively high at the lowest CSs: 50. For instance, as many as 46 stations are required. As CP increases, station numbers gradually decline. Notably, at the highest CP of 75 kWh, this number drops to 13. * Mid-range CSs (200 to 250 Cars): A marked reduction in the NS' is observed when the CSs are increased to 200 and 250. For CP values of 20 and 75 kWh, the station requirements decrease to 13 and 4 for CSs = 200 and further down to 10 and 4 for CSs = 250, respectively. * Higher CSs (500 Cars): The number of required stations decreases significantly at the upper limit of CSs (500 cars). Only six stations are needed for a CP of 20 kWh, which remains consistently low across higher CP values, reaching a minimum of three stations for a CP of 75 kWh. Figure 4: Impact of car BC and average car R on adjusted number of stations. This trend highlights a clear inverse relationship between CSs and CP and the number of charging stations required. As the capacity of each station increases (higher CSs), the total NS' needed across the city decreases. For instance, comparing the scenarios of CSs = 50 and CSs = 500 at a CP of 45 kWh, the required NS' drops from 24 to just 4. These findings have significant ramifications for the design of urban EV infrastructure. Higher CSs, or individual charging station capacity, can result in a substantial decrease in the total NS' needed. This approach might provide a more effective use of available space and resources, particularly in crowded urban locations with less room for additional infrastructure. Additionally, this research indicates that the best course of action for places such as Hail City may involve a balanced strategy combining various high-capacity and well-placed charging stations. The charging network can be made as efficient and accessible as possible by providing sufficient coverage with smaller stations and catering to high-demand locations with larger stations. An in-depth look at how the number of CSs at each charging station and the CP affect the required number of EVCSs in a city, specifically when the average rate of charge is 0.20 kWh/km, is shown in Figure 5. The graph delineates a series of scenarios, ranging from lower CSs (50 cars) to higher CSs (500 vehicles), across various CP values from 20 to 75 kWh. Each line represents a different CS value, illustrating the corresponding change in the required charging stations as CP increases. This visual representation provides an insightful understanding of the interplay among SC, CP, and the infrastructural demands of an evolving urban EV landscape. It highlights the potential efficiencies that can be gained by optimizing CSs and CP in planning and developing EV charging networks, an essential consideration for urban planners and policymakers. The figure is a critical component in illustrating the findings and implications of this study, underscoring the importance of strategic infrastructure planning in the transition toward sustainable urban mobility. Figure 6 shows the effect of CSs per station and BC on the required NS'. It is evident from the figure that increasing the number of CSs up to 200 leads to an apparent decrease in the required NS', after which it remains almost constant. On the other hand, the effect of  
Figure 5: Impact of CP and CSs per station on adjusted number of stations. BC on the NS' required is limited.