## 3 Results and Discussion
### Investigation of the Mechanism of Sediment Formation in Sediment-Gelling Compositions
One of the indicators that can be used to judge the change in their filtration characteristics when the formation is affected by water-soluble polymers is the residual resistance factor (R\({}_{\text{res}}\)) [9], i.e., the ability of water-soluble polymers in contact with a porous medium, as a result of adsorption and physical blockage of small pores, to reduce its permeability. Therefore, knowledge of the filtration characteristics of a polymer solution makes it possible to determine the depth of its penetration into a porous medium, especially along the interlayers of a layered heterogeneous formation, the location of the water-insulating shield, and, consequently, the FDT efficiency. To study the filtration characteristics of polymer systems, the papers [10; 11] present the results of experimental studies to assess the filtration characteristics of polymer systems for use in the fields of Kazakhstan. When conducting studies [11] to assess the filtration characteristics of the CPS, an installation was used that consisted of two parallel-connected linear reservoir models, water boosters, a compressed air cylinder, a dosing pump, and pressure gauges. Linear reservoir models allow the modeling of a two-layer reservoir model with hydrodynamically noncommunicating interlayers. To create a two-layer reservoir model with interlayers of different permeabilities, quartz sand with a fraction of <0.1 mm and its mixture with marshallite were used. The design of a two-layer reservoir model allows the injection of fluid both jointly into high-permeability (k\({}_{1}\)) and low-permeability (k\({}_{2}\)) interlayers and separately into each interlayer, as well as its withdrawal from the interlayers separately. Experiments were carried out only in porous, water-saturated media. Two-layer reservoir models were saturated with waste formation water taken from the Karazhanbas field. The choice of permeability in the experiments is based on real, actual data on the Karazhanbas field, where the average reservoir permeability ranges from 1 to 15 \(\upmu\)m\({}^{2}\)[10; 11]. The studies carried out in the works of the authors [11] showed that when CPS is injected into a layered heterogeneous reservoir, the main part of it enters the high-permeability interlayer, and the higher the value of the permeability ratio, the more CPS enters the high-permeability interlayer. From this, it follows that CPS (based on polymer FP-307 (PAA) with chromium acetate as a cross-linker) creates an opportunity for effective control of the direction of filtration flows and the connection of low-permeability interlayers to work. The obtained results showed the possibility of conducting pilot tests of FDT based on a PAA polymer solution of the FP-307 brand and a chromium acetate cross-linker. The analysis revealed the possibility of using this technology for a wide range of geological and physical conditions, especially for multilayer development objects, such as the Karazhanbas field. As the theoretical and experimental studies have shown, the highest efficiency of the technology is achieved when the ratio of the permeability of the layers is approximately 2 to 5. The increase in sweep efficiency occurs due to the involvement in the development of both low-permeability layers and areas with high filtration resistance, the so-called stagnant zones. To assess the technological efficiency and the possibility of using the flow-diverting technology, a set of laboratory experimental studies of the rheological characteristics of polymer solutions was carried out. During these studies, the dependencies of the viscosity of the cross-linked polymer system FP-307 (concentrations: 1-0.3%, 2-0.4%, 3-0.5%) on the shear rate in the injected water of the Karazhanbas field, the rheology (dependence of stress on shear rate) of the cross-linked polymer system FP307 with a marked concentration as well as the filtration of the cross-linked polymer systems used in diverting technologies in the fields of Kazakhstan were studied.