## 4 Polyphenol-Based Systems and Their Unveiling Potential for Wound Care
### Antimicrobial Polyphenol Wound Dressings
Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol compound with antimicrobial [76], antioxidant [60], and wound healing properties [66]. In a study by [PERSON] et al. [60], silane composite nanoparticles were produced to incorporate curcumin in a porous lattice. The samples were prepared by a sol-gel-based polymerization technique and it was reported that nanoparticles were able to inhibit _S. aureus_ MRSA growth and _P. aeruginosa_ and enhance wound healing in a murine wound model. [PERSON] et al. [77] developed a composite material for wound dressing containing nanosilver nanohydrogels (nSnH) with aloe vera and curcumin that promote antimicrobial nature, wound healing, and infection control. Nanosilver nanohydrogels were synthesized by nanoemulsion polymerization \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Polyphenol** & **Materials** & **Encapsulation** & **Wound** & **Properties** & **Tested** & **Type of** & **Wound** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Curcumin} & \multirow{2}{*}{Silane} & Silane & \multirow{2}{*}{Hydrogel} & \multirow{2}{*}{Antimicrobial} & \multirow{2}{*}{Antimicrobial} & \multirow{2}{*}{Burn wounds} & \multirow{2}{*}{[67, 68, 69]} \\  & & composite & & & & & \\  & nanoparticles & & & & _P. aeruginosa_ & & \\  & \multirow{2}{*}{Gelatin} & Gelatin microspheres & \multirow{2}{*}{Hydrogel} & \multirow{2}{*}{Antioxidant} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Diabetic} & \multirow{2}{*}{[60]} \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Thymol} & CS and & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Film} & \multirow{2}{*}{Antimicrobial} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } \\  & polyethylene & & & & & \\  & glycol & & & & & \\  & fumarate & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & Cellulose & - & Hydrogel & Antimicrobial & _S. aureus_, _E. coli_, _P. aeruginosa_ & Third-degree & \\  & Gelatin, & & & & & & \\  & glycerol & & & & & \\  & (plasticizer), & - & Film & Antimicrobial & _S. aureus_, _E. coli_ & \\  & birde & & & & & _B. subtilis_, _E. coli_ & Burn wounds & [68] \\  & (cross-linker) & & & & & & \\ \hline Kaempfer & - & - & Ointment & Antioxidant & - & Diabetic & [69] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Carcavol} & \multirow{2}{*}{Clay} & \multirow{2}{*}{Film} & Antioxidant & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline Chlorogenic & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Antioxidant} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } \\  & acid & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Resveratrol} & Hyaluronic & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & Hyalmutonic & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } \\  & acid and & & & & & \\  & dipalmitoyl & & & & & \\  & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & - & Antioxidant & - & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & - & Antioxidants & - & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline Ferulic acid & - & - & Ointment & Antioxidant & - & Diabetic & [73] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Tannic acid} & Agarose & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Hydrogel} & \multirow{2}{*}{Antimicrobial} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } \\  & cross-linked & - & & & & \\  & with zinc ions & & & & & \\  & CS + pullulan & - & Membrane & Antimicrobial & _E. coli_ & Not specific & [75] \\  & Trimethylolipopane & & & & _E. coli_ & \\  & triglyceride & - & & & & _P. aeruginosa_ & Not specific & [64] \\  & ether (a & & & Antioxidant & _S. aureus_, _B. subtilis_ & & \\  & cross-linker) & & & & _B. subtilis_ & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Polyphenols with antioxidant or/and antimicrobial properties to promote wound healing [64; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70; 71; 72; 73; 74; 75].