## 3 Results and Discussion
### Nutritional Potential of Sea Buckthorn and Rosehip Oils
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Fatty** & & & **Sea Buckthorn** & **Sea Buckthorn** \\
**Acid** & **Rosehip Oil R1** & **Rosehip Oil R2** & **Oil B1** & **Oil B2** \\ \hline C14:0 & - & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\ C16:0 & 4.30 \(\pm\) 1.03 a  & 7.28 \(\pm\) 1.21 b  & 8.17 \(\pm\) 1.32 b  & 17.60 \(\pm\) 2.64 c  \\ C16:1 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.29 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 15.09 \(\pm\) 1.38 \\ C18:0 & 2.44 \(\pm\) 0.38 a  & 4.56 \(\pm\) 0.95 b  & 3.78 \(\pm\) 0.63 b  & 2.64 \(\pm\) 0.52 a  \\ C18:1 & cis & 16.02 \(\pm\) 1.68 a  & 24.99 \(\pm\) 1.98 b  & 28.83 \(\pm\) 1.92 b  & 23.19 \(\pm\) 2.11 b  \\ C18:2 & n-6 & 49.37 \(\pm\) 3.25 a  & 60.97 \(\pm\) 2.87 b  & 57.78 \(\pm\) 2.38 b  & 40.14 \(\pm\) 2.68 a  \\ C18:3 & n-6 & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & - & - \\ C18:3 & n-3 & 26.02 \(\pm\) 1.32 c  & 0.44 \(\pm\) 0.12 b  & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.03 a  & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.12 b  \\ C20:0 & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.30 & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ C20:1 & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\ C20:2 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & - & - \\ C20:3 & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.24 & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.10 \\ SFA & 7.70 \(\pm\) 1.71 a  & 12.30 \(\pm\) 2.30 b  & 12.32 \(\pm\) 2.11 b  & 20.79 \(\pm\) 3.35 c  \\ MUFA & 16.54 \(\pm\) 1.85 a  & 25.39 \(\pm\) 2.10 b  & 29.25 \(\pm\) 1.99 b  & 38.37 \(\pm\) 3.52 c  \\ PUFA & 75.77 \(\pm\) 4.71 c  & 62.29 \(\pm\) 3.25 b  & 58.43 \(\pm\) 2.52 b  & 40.85 \(\pm\) 2.90 a  \\ PUFA/SFA & 9.840 & 5.064 & 4.743 & 1.965 \\ IA & 0.047 & 0.088 & 0.100 & 0.240 \\ HH & 21.347 & 11.811 & 10.501 & 3.566 \\ HPI & 21.467 & 11.358 & 10.044 & 4.161 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Data denoted by the same letter are not statistically different (\(\alpha\) = 0.05). SFA—saturated fatty acids; MUFA—monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA—polyunsaturated fatty acids. IA—atherogenicity index; HH—hypocholesterolemolemic/hypercholesterolem index; HPI—health-promoting index.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Fatty acids composition (%) and health indexes of sea buckthorn and rosehip oils. In order to provide a more complete characterization of the analyzed oils, nutritional indexes indicating possible health-promoting properties were calculated. PUFA/SFA is an indicator typically used to study the influence of fats/ oils on cardiovascular disease. A lower ratio of PUFA/SFA might correspond to a negative effect. Rosehip oil R1 was characterized by the highest PUFA/SFA index (9.840), while in rosehip oil R2 and sea buckthorn B1 oil, this index reached the levels of 5.064 and 4.743, respectively, which was similar to that in sunflower oil (4.75-4.94) [18]. This index for sea buckthorn oil B2 was similar to some red seaweeds (_Gracilaria dura_, _Gracilaria corticata_, _Sarcoma filiforme_) [18]. Since n-6 and n-3 fatty acids have different effects on cardiovascular diseases, the PUFA/SFA index may be insufficient to assess the nutritional value of fats. The recommended ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA (1:2 and 1:5) has anti-inflammatory effects, while a high ratio of n-6 to n-3 acids (even 20:1) demonstrates a negative effect on the body's lipid metabolism [28]. Among the tested oils, only rosehip oil R1 met these recommendations with the n-6 to n-3 ratio 1.9:1. Atherogenicity index (IA) indicates a relationship between the sum of pro-atherosclerotic SFAs and the sum of unsaturated acids, considered as anti-atherogenic, inhibiting the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque and lowering the level of phospholipids and cholesterol [29]. Therefore, consuming foods or products with a lower IA index can reduce the levels of total cholesterol and LDL in human blood plasma [30]. IA in R1 (0.047) and R2 (0.088) oils were at a similar level as in linseed oil [31], sunflower oil [17], and strawberry seed oil [31]. In B1 and B2 oils, this index was at a similar level as in blackcurrant seed oil [32], guard soil [33], and oil from fish (_Henriramplus brasiliensis_, _Hypromaphus unfisciatus_) [34].