# Performance-Determining Variables of a Simulated Skimo
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Strength and Jump Tests**} \\ \hline
1 RM Back Squat (kg) & 63.8 \(\pm\) 18.6 (48.2–79.3) \\
1 RM-BM\({}^{-1}\) Back Squat (kg\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.2 (0.9–1.2) \\
1 RM Bench Pull (kg) & 51.6 \(\pm\) 15.5 (38.6–64.5) \\
1 RM-BM\({}^{-1}\) Bench Pull (kg\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.2 (0.7–1.0) \\
1 RM Bench Press (kg) & 45.0 \(\pm\) 14.1 (33.2–56.8) \\
1 RM-BM\({}^{-1}\) Bench Press (kg\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.2 (0.6–0.9) \\ SJ (cm) & 34.3 \(\pm\) 5.6 (29.5–39.0) \\ CMJ (cm) & 31.6 \(\pm\) 7.5 (25.4–37.4) \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{An anaerobic capacity test} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Sprint time (s)} & 11.5 \(\pm\) 0.7 (10.9–12.1) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{VL\({}_{\rm max}\) (mmol\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\))} & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.2 (0.6–0.9) \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Sub-maximal test lower body} \\ \hline  & (1.2 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\)) & (1.4 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\)) & (1.6 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\)) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{VO\({}_{2}\) (mL\(\cdot\)min\({}^{-1}\))} & 2326 \(\pm\) 268 & 2694 \(\pm\) 241 & 3205 \(\pm\) 252 \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{VO\({}_{2}\) (mL\(\cdot\)min\({}^{-1}\))} & (2102–2550) & (2472–2917) & (2892–3518) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{HR (bpm)} & 153 \(\pm\) 22 & 166 \(\pm\) 19 & 174 \(\pm\) 12 \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{HR (bpm)} & (135.1–171) & (149–184) & (159–188) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{RER} & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{(0.9–1.0)} & (0.9–1.0) & (0.9–1.1) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{GE (\%)} & 13.7 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 14.1 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 13.7 \(\pm\) 0.8 \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{(12.8–14.6)} & (13.6–14.6) & (12.9–14.4) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{[la-] (mmol\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\))} & 3.0 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 2.8 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 3.2 \(\pm\) 1.0 \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{(1.7–4.4)} & (1.8–3.7) & (2.0–4.5) \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Incremental test lower body} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{VO\({}_{\rm max}\) (mL\(\cdot\)min\({}^{-1}\))} & 4104 \(\pm\) 1100 (3184–5024) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{VO\({}_{\rm max}\) (mL\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\cdot\)min\({}^{-1}\))} & 67.88 \(\pm\) 11.1 (58.6–77.2) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{HR\({}_{\rm max}\) (ppm)} & 203.4 \(\pm\) 6.5 (198.0–209) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{O\({}_{2}\) Pulse (mL\(\cdot\)beat\({}^{-1}\))} & 21.4 \(\pm\) 4.8 (17.4–25.4) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{ITE (s)} & 350.0 \(\pm\) 94.9 (270.7–429.3) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{V\({}_{\rm max}\) (m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\))} & 2.3 \(\pm\) 0.4 (2.1–2.6) \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Sub-maximal test upper body} \\ \hline  & 60\% HR\({}_{\rm max}\) & 70\% HR\({}_{\rm max}\) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{VO\({}_{2}\) (mL\(\cdot\)min\({}^{-1}\))} & 1008 \(\pm\) 1535 (880–1136) & 1228 \(\pm\) 243 (1025–1432) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{HR} & 120 \(\pm\) 8 (113–126) & 141 \(\pm\) 17 (127–155) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{RER} & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 (0.9–1.0) & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 (1.0–1.0) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Power (W)} & 33.4 \(\pm\) 6.3 (28.1–38.6) & 42.6 \(\pm\) 11.4 (33.1–52.2) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Power (W\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\))} & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 (0.5–0.6) & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 (0.6–0.8) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Stroke frequency (SPM)} & 38.5 \(\pm\) 4.5 (34.7–42.3) & 39.0 \(\pm\) 4.5 (35.2–42.8) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{GE (\%)} & 9.5 \(\pm\) 1.0 (8.7–10.4) & 9.8 \(\pm\) 1.3 (8.7–10.9) \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{[la-] (mmol\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\))} & 2.3 \(\pm\) 0.4 (2.0–2.7) & 3.2 \(\pm\) 0.8 (2.45–4.0) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Descriptive data of performance and physiological indices during strength and jump tests, anaerobic capacity test, sub-maximal and incremental skimo treadmill tests, as well as upper-body submaximal and maximal endurance ski ergometer tests in a group of male and female skimo athletes (\(n\) = 8). Data are presented as mean \(\pm\) SD (CI). Table 4 displays the correlations between physiological characteristics and sprint performance. The measurements showing the highest correlations with performance were upper and whole-body VO2 peak, maximal speed, power, and anthropometric variables (see Figure 3).