## 2 Methods
### Somatic Measurements  
Prior to the first and second graded test, participants underwent somatic measurements including body height, body mass (BM) and body composition. Fat percentage (%FAT), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM) and body mass index (BMI) were deter  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Group**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Pre**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Post**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Effect: Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Effect: Time**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Interaction**} \\ \cline{5-8}  & & & & F & F & F \\ \cline{5-8}  & & & & \(p\) & \(p\) & \(p\) \\  & & & & \(\mathrm{np^{2}}\) & \(\mathrm{np^{2}}\) & \(\mathrm{np^{2}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Age \\ (yrs) \\ \end{tabular} } & ctrl & \(22.9\pm 2.9\) & - & & & \\ \cline{2-8}  & NT & \(20.5\pm 1.0\) & - & - & - & - \\ \cline{2-8}  & IHT & \(21.5\pm 1.5\) & - & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} BH \\ (cm) \\ \end{tabular} } & ctrl & \(178.9\pm 5.9\) & - & & & \\ \cline{2-8}  & NT & \(179.7\pm 5.6\) & - & - & - & - \\ \cline{2-8}  & IHT & \(182.0\pm 5.5\) & - & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} BM \\ (kg) \\ \end{tabular} } & ctrl & \(75.8\pm 11.5\) & \(75.9\pm 11.7\) & 0.55 & 0.07 & 0.71 \\ \cline{2-8}  & NT & \(76.7\pm 8.3\) & \(76.9\pm 8.2\) & 0.58 & 0.80 & 0.49 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IHT & \(79.6\pm 10.4\) & \(79.2\pm 9.6\) & 0.02 & 0.01 & 0.03 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} LBM \\ (kg) \\ \end{tabular} } & ctrl & \(61.5\pm 7.3\) & \(61.9\pm 7.7\) & 1.45 & 2.49 & 0.55 \\ \cline{2-8}  & NT & \(63.1\pm 6.0\) & \(63.1\pm 6.1\) & 0.24 & 0.12 & 0.57 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IHT & \(65.6\pm 7.5\) & \(66.1\pm 7.9\) & 0.05 & 0.05 & 0.02 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} FAT \\ (\%) \\ \end{tabular} } & ctrl & \(18.3\pm 5.3\) & \(18.0\pm 5.0\) & 0.35 & 3.27 & 2.25 \\ \cline{2-8}  & NT & \(17.6\pm 3.9\) & \(17.7\pm 4.4\) & 0.70 & 0.08 & 0.11 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IHT & \(17.4\pm 3.9\) & \(16.3\pm 3.8\) & 0.01 & 0.06 & 0.09 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} FM \\ (kg) \\ \end{tabular} } & ctrl & \(14.3\pm 5.4\) & \(14.0\pm 5.2\) & 0.07 & 3.20 & 2.44 \\ \cline{2-8}  & NT & \(13.7\pm 3.9\) & \(13.8\pm 4.4\) & 0.92 & 0.08 & 0.1 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IHT & \(14.1\pm 4.5\) & \(13.0\pm 4.1\) & 0.003 & 0.06 & 0.09 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{BMI} & ctrl & \(23.6\pm 2.9\) & \(23.7\pm 2.9\) & 0.04 & 0.12 & 0.55 \\ \cline{2-8}  & NT & \(23.7\pm 2.2\) & \(23.8\pm 2.2\) & 0.95 & 0.72 & 0.57 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & IHT & \(24.0\pm 2.3\) & \(23.9\pm 2.1\) & 0.001 & 0.002 & 0.02 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* BH: body height; BM: body mass; LBM: lean body mass; FM: fat mass; BMI: body mass index; ctrl: control group; NT: normoxia training; IHT: intermittent hypoxia training.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Age and anthropometric measurements of the participants (data are presented as mean \(\pm\) SD).  
mined. Body height was measured with a stadiometer (Seca 217, Hamburg, Germany), whereas body mass and body composition were measured with a body composition analyzer using the bioelectrical impedance method (Jawon Medical, IOI-353, Seoul, Republic of Korea).