## 3 Results
### Principal Component Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **PC1** & **PC2** & **PC3** & **PC4** & **PC5** & **PC6** & **PC7** \\ \hline Moisture content & \(-\)0.460 & \(-\)0.114 & 0.102 & \(-\)0.165 & 0.457 & 0.727 & \(-\)0.030 \\ \hline Hue angle & \(-\)0.081 & \(-\)0.730 & \(-\)0.441 & \(-\)0.480 & \(-\)0.144 & \(-\)0.122 & \(-\)0.003 \\ \hline Carr index & 0.418 & \(-\)0.387 & 0.329 & 0.134 & 0.159 & 0.118 & 0.714 \\ \hline Hausner ratio & 0.409 & \(-\)0.388 & 0.392 & 0.106 & 0.182 & 0.024 & \(-\)0.695 \\ \hline WHC & \(-\)0.404 & \(-\)0.010 & 0.616 & \(-\)0.395 & 0.149 & \(-\)0.524 & 0.075 \\ \hline Hygroscopicity (100\%) & 0.371 & 0.270 & \(-\)0.325 & \(-\)0.339 & 0.725 & \(-\)0.209 & 0.015 \\ \hline D(4.3) & 0.372 & 0.283 & 0.222 & \(-\)0.665 & \(-\)0.406 & 0.353 & \(-\)0.010 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Eigenvectors analysis of the correlation matrix in the spray-dried potato starch at concentration of 3%. Figure 9: Pareto chart (**a**) and PCA biplot (**b**) of spray-dried potato starch at concentration of 3%. (PC-1 and PC-2) have eigenvalues greater than 1. The first two principal components explain 84.5% of the variation in the experimental data, where component 1 and component 2 account for 60.2% and 24.3% of the variance, respectively. In the loading plot (Figure 10b and Table 8), the variables that correlate the most with the first principal component (PC-1) are the hue angle (0.468) and WHC (0.429). The factor PC-1 is positively correlated with these two variables. PC-2 has a positive correlation (0.609) with D(4.3) and a negative correlation (\(-\)0.545) with hygroscopicity (100%) (Table 8). The Carr index and Hausner ratio parameters are negatively related to WHC, while moisture content, Carr index, and Hausner ratio are negatively correlated to hygroscopicity. The first three principal components explain 98.3% of the variation in the data. PCA was further used to analyze all data for both native and spray-dried potato starches (3% and 5%). The Pareto chart of the PCA results in Figure 11a shows the explained and accumulated variance for each principal component. According to the results presented in Figure 11a, the first two principal components (PC-1 and PC-2) have eigenvalues greater than 1. The first two principal components explain 90.7% of the variation in the experimental data, where component 1 and component 2 account for 51.9% and 38.8% of the variance, respectively. In the loading plot (Figure 11b, and Table 9), the variables that positively correlated strongly with principal component 1 were hygroscopicity (100%) and WHC (coefficients of 0.478 and 0.409, respectively), while the variables that strongly negatively correlated were D(4.3) and moisture content (coefficients of \(-\)0.517 and \(-\)0.483, respectively). PC-2 has a positive correlation (0.446) with hue angle and negative correlations with Hausner ratio and Carr index (coefficients of \(-\)0.565 and \(-\)0.569, respectively). The first three principal components explain 97.6% of the variation in the data. A negative relationship was observed between hygroscopicity, moisture content, and D(4.3), while a positive relationship was found between the Carr index and Hausner ratio, as well as between the hue angle and water holding capacity (WHC). Figure 11: Pareto chart (**a**) and PCA biplot (**b**) of native potato starch and spray-dried potato starch powders at concentrations of 3% [SD_3%] and 5% [SD_5%].