# Applications of Pulsed Light Decontamination Technology in Food Processing: An Overview
## 5 Role of Pulsed Light Technology in Food Safety  
The PL technology has been shown to effectively inactivate several microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts, molds, and even viruses. The efficacy of its decontaminating several food substances has been well demonstrated and documented [56]. Several studies have been conducted in the past decades with respect to the application of PL in ensuring microbiological safety [1; 23; 44; 45; 57]. Some results from these and other in vitro studies and the decontamination of several solid and liquid food products, fresh fruits, and vegetables are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Microorganism** & **Media** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Pulse Energy** \\ **(J/cm3)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Treatment Time** \\ **(isl) * \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Logst Reductions** \\ \end{tabular} & **Reference** \\ \hline \hline _B. subtilis_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Trypic soy broth \\ \end{tabular} & 4 & 2 & 10 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 1 & 4 & 10 \\ \hline _E. coli_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Trypic soy agar \\ \end{tabular} & 4 & 1 & 10 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 1.5 & 2 & 10 \\ \hline _A. niger_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Potato dextrose agar \\ \end{tabular} & 4 & 4 & 10 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 12 & 1 & 10 \\ \hline _S. aureus_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Trypic soy agar \\ \end{tabular} & 0.75 & 2 & 10 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.2 & 4 & 8 \\ \hline _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Trypic soy agar \\ \end{tabular} & 0.4 & 4 & 10 \\ \hline _E. coli_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Trypic soy agar \\ \end{tabular} & 3 & 1-512 & \begin{tabular}{c} 6.82 \\ 6.25 \\ \end{tabular} & [21] \\ \hline _L. monocytogenes argminos_ & & & & 5.8 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.5 & & 4.9 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.2 & & 6.2 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.2 & 4.4 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.5 & 5.6 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.4 & 4.9 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.5 & 5.1 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.5 & & 4.5 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.5 & & 4.5 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.5 & 5.1 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.5 & & 4.5 \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.5 & & 4.5 \\ \hline _A. niger_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Buffer solution \\ \end{tabular} & 1 & 1000 & 4.8 & [31] \\ \hline _C Cryptosporidium precursor_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Solution containing approximately \(25\times 10^{6}\) \\ _C Cryptosporidium_ \\ \end{tabular} & 0.11 & - & 3-5 & [58] \\ \cline{3-5}  & 0.22 & - & 3-5 & [58] \\ \hline _B. subtilis_ & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Surelie deionized water \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} 1-4 \\ \end{tabular} & 2-5 & [38] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: The effects of PL treatments on microbial inactivation in vitro based on several published data. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Microorganism** & **Media** & \ \begin{tabular}{c} **Pulse Energy** \\ **(J/cm3)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Treatment Time** \\ **(as)*** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Logst Reductions** & **Reference** \\ \hline _S. cerevisiae_ & Sterile potassium phosphate buffer & 0.7 & 1200 & 6 & [53] \\ \hline _Batytish cinerea_ & Rose Bengal agar & - & 250 s & 3 & [99] \\ \hline _Mullin/Proteins_ & Mal extract agar & - & 250 s & 4 & [99] \\ \hline _S. aureus_ & Baird-Parker agar plates & 5.6 & 5400 & 7.5 & [25] \\ \hline _Alicyclabacillus acidernerstris_ & Orange serum agar & & & \textgreater{}5.2 & \\ \hline _B. circulans_ & Nutrient agar & & & \textgreater{}4.1 & \\ \hline _B. electrolytic thermostabetta_ & Nutrient agar & & & 3.1 & \\ \hline _Lavons/securence