# Experimental Evaluation of a LoRa Wildlife Monitoring Network in a Forest Vegetation Area
## 3 System Architecture  
In this section, the overall system architecture is presented (see Figure 3). Next, the new prototype device used for the experimental test is also described.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Communication Technologies** & **Application** & **Sensors** & **Nature of Research** \\ \hline
[27] & LoRaWAN & grape farm monitoring & soil moisture, humidity, temperature & proof-of-concept \\ \hline
[28] & LoRaWAN & maize crop monitoring & soil moisture, soil temperature, light intensity, humidity, ambient temperature and CO\({}_{2}\) & costs and power consumption evaluation \\ \hline
[29] & LoRaWAN & vineyard and greenhouse monitoring & soil moisture, soil temperature and humidity & environmental performance analysis \\ \hline
[30] & LoRaWAN & vineyard monitoring & soil and air temperature, wind, soil water content, electrical conductivity, solar radiation, precipitation, pressure, humidity and lightning strikes count & energy consumption evaluation \\ \hline
[31] & LoRaWAN & tree farm monitoring & temperature, humidity, solar irradiance, flame sensor & environmental performance analysis \\ \hline
[32] & LoRaWAN & horse stable and agricultural land monitoring & temperature, humidity, conductivity and soil temperature & use cases analysis \\ \hline
[33; 34] & LoRaWAN & irrigation control & temperature and soil moisture & experimental performance analysis \\ \hline
[35] & LoRaWAN & irrigation control & — — & proof-of-concept \\ \hline
[36] & LoRaWAN & sea farm monitoring & water temperature, salinity, turbidity and pH & use cases analysis \\ \hline
[37] & LoRaWAN & tomato crop monitoring & temperature, humidity, CO\({}_{2}\), electrical conductivity (EC) and illuminance & power consumption evaluation \\ \hline
[38] & Sigfox & climate monitoring in vineyards & temperature, humidity, and luminosity & proof-of-concept \\ \hline
[39] & Sigfox & crop monitoring & temperature, humidity, and luminosity & proof-of-concept \\ \hline
[40] & Sigfox & crop monitoring & soil moisture, soil temperature, electric conductivity and water potential & test bed \\ \hline
[42] & NB-IoT & agricultural field test & — & experimental performance analysis \\ \hline
[43] & NB-IoT & potato crop monitoring & climate and soil parameters e.g., air and ground humidity, temperature, solar radiation, pH and compaction & use cases analysis \\ \hline
[44; 45] & NB-IoT & greenhouse management & temperature, humidity, light, wind & use cases analysis \\ \hline
[46] & NB-IoT & water quality monitoring system for aquaculture ponds & temperature, pH composite electrode, dissolved oxygen & experimental performance analysis \\ \hline
[47] & Ingenu RPMA, Sigfox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT & water quality monitoring & temperature, pH & proof-of-concept \\ \hline
[48] & EC-GSM-IoT, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT & energy efficiency analysis for agricultural applications & — & modelling and use cases analysis \\ \hline
[49] & DASH7 & agricultural management & — & proof-of-concept \\ \hline
[50] & Telensa, Ingenu RPMA, LoRaWAN, Sigfox & agricultural management & — & performance evaluation \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: A Summary of Related Works.