## 3 Analysis and Results
### Visualization Analysis of Countries  
As shown in Table 4. In the ranking of the number of publications by country, the People's Republic of China (PEOPLES R CHINA) ranks first with 67 publications, indicating that China has been highly active in construction robotics research. In recent years, China's increasing demand for automation and smart technologies in the construction industry has driven the rapid development of related technologies [34]. China's research in construction robotics not only covers improvements to traditional construction techniques, but also explores the application of robots in areas such as construction waste recycling and construction site safety [35]. Chinese scholars and research institutions have become increasingly important in the global construction robotics field, particularly in driving the digital transformation of the construction industry and contributing to the development of green building practices [36]. Following closely is the USA, with 65 publications. The United States has a long history of research in construction robotics and has strong capabilities in cutting-edge technological fields such as robot autonomy, BIM, and AI. Leading research institutions and universities, such as MIT and Stanford, have played a dominant role in technological innovations and academic output in the field of construction robotics. The USA has not only advanced basic research in construction robotics, but has also achieved many breakthroughs in practical applications. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Institution** & **Publication Volume** & **No.** & **Institution** & **Publication Volume** \\ \hline
1 & University of Michigan & 15 & 6 & Swiss Federal Institutes of & 7 \\
2 & University of Michigan System & 15 & 7 & Pennsylvania State University & 6 \\
3 & University of Hong Kong & 10 & 7 & Hong Kong Polytechnic University & 6 \\
4 & Hanyang University & 8 & 7 & ETH Zurich & 6 \\  & & & & Pennsylvania Commonwealth & \\
5 & Technical University of Munich & 7 & 7 & System of Higher & 6 \\  & & & & Education (PCSHE) & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Top 10 research institutions by number of publications. Figure 2: Co-authorship network of research institutions. Nodes represent institutions (size = number of publications), and edges indicate collaboration frequency (thickness = joint publications). Generated using CiteSpace 6.3.R1. Data source: Web of Science Core Collection (2002–2024). South Korea ranks third, with 29 publications. South Korea is renowned for its strong manufacturing base and high-level robotics technology development. The country has made significant progress in the application and innovation of construction robotics, particularly in areas such as robot operating systems and intelligent construction equipment. Germany, with 15 publications, ranks fourth, highlighting its importance in the construction robotics field. Germany has a solid foundation in industrial automation and robotics technology, with strong governmental support for the research and development of construction robotics. German research mainly focuses on the integration of construction robotics with smart manufacturing and digital building technologies. Countries like Canada, Switzerland, England, Australia, and the Netherlands, though they have fewer publications, still make significant contributions to the field of construction robotics. Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Canada in particular have strong research foundations in robotics technology and actively drive the global development of construction robotics through multinational collaborations. Institutions like ETH Zurich in Switzerland and other relevant research organizations in the Netherlands are closely involved with the global academic community and play an important role in the construction robotics field. From the number of publications of these countries, it is clear that construction robotics research has become a global focus.