## 2 Monitoring Project Overview  
### Mine Overview  
The Weijiamao open-pit mine is situated in Weijiamao Town, Zhungeer Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. The coal mine was finished and began production in 2011. The mining method is open-pit mining. The production scale is 15 million tons per year, and  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **Prediction Technique** & **Submitter** & **Domain of Application** & **Characteristic** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Qualitative and semi-quantitative prediction} & \multirow{3}{*}{HAN [26]} & \multirow{3}{*}{HAN [26]} & Prediction and early \\  & & & warning of coal mine dust \\  & & & and coal worker \\  & & & pneumoconiosis \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Linear regression forecasting} & \multirow{3}{*}{Grey theory} & \multirow{3}{*}{CHEN [28]} & Prediction of mine dust \\  & & & concentration \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Machine learning algorithm} & \multirow{3}{*}{ANN} & \multirow{3}{*}{LAL [29]} & Prediction of dust in \\  & & & various locations of a mine \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Combination forecasting} & \multirow{3}{*}{A new algorithm that} & \multirow{3}{*}{BIAN [30]} & The GRNN (general \\  & & & regression neural network) \\  & & & model is highly effective in \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & handling nonlinear \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & relationships, offering \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \(\phantom{\{\{\{\{\}}}}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \(\phantom{\{\{\{\}}}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Long short-term memory network and attention mechanism prediction model} & \multirow{3}{*}{LI [31]} & Concentration of total suspended particulate matter in Pingshuo \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & Anjialing opencast \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & coal mine \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Technology of dust concentration prediction method and its application.  
the total area of the mining site is approximately 52.6 square kilometers. The mining area is situated in the semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia, which experiences a typical continental arid climate. It is cold in the winter and hot in the summer. The total rainfall is low, and there is a significant temperature difference between day and night. The annual average temperature is 5.3-7.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The highest temperature is 38.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C and the lowest is \(-\)36.30 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The freezing period typically spans from October to April of the following year, with the maximum depth of frozen soil reaching 1.50 m. The total annual precipitation ranges from 231 mm to 459 mm, with the majority concentrated in July, August, and September, accounting for 60% to 70% of the total annual precipitation. As a result, the low air humidity in this area makes water easy to evaporate, and the daily mining operations generate a significant amount of dust through wear, mining, transportation, and drainage, leading to severe dust pollution [32].