## 3 Materials and Methods  
The studies considered co-channel and adjacent channel interference cases. The simulation takes into account interference from both uplink and downlink of 5G. Figure 2 below presents a typical scenario of 5G downlink and uplink interference to a point-to-point fixed service station [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. The fixed service parameters were configured according to and summarized in Table 1. The protection criterion for the fixed service used was \(I/N=-10\) dB for 20% of the time according to the Recommendation ITU-R F.758. For sensitivity analysis, additional protection criterion \(C/I=30\) dB was considered which corresponds to the 64 QAM modulation order that is the most typical for fixed service point-to-point stations in the 6425-7125 MHz frequency band. This criterion was derived from the ITU-R 5C/39 document. The link length of the fixed service stations was 10 km for the stations with 20 m antenna heights and 38 km for the stations with 60 m antenna heights. In simulations different deployment of FS receivers was considered, the victim FS receiver was placed with both main lobe and side lobe pointed to the 5G network. In order to simulate 5G network, the parameters summarized in Tables 2 and 3 were configured. It should be noted that ohmic losses are already included in the antenna gain value with the antenna configuration that is used, while conducted power assumes 16 \(\times\) 8 \(\times\) 2 elements (i.e., power per H/V polarized element). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Type 1** & **Type 2** \\ \hline Frequency & 6425–7125 MHz & 6425–7125 MHz \\ Link length & 38 km & 10 km \\ Propagation model & ITU-R P.2001-4 & ITU-R P.2001-4 \\ Antenna heights & 60 m & 20 m \\ Antenna gain & 38–39.5 dBi & 36 dBi \\ Noise figure & 5 dB & 5 dB \\ Antenna pattern & ITU-R F.1245 & ITU-R F.1245 \\ Channel bandwidth & 40 MHz & 40 MHz \\ Adjacent channel selectivity & 25 dB & 25 dB \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: FS characteristics. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **BS Urban** & **BS Suburban** \\ \hline Frequency & 6425–7125 MHz & 6425–7125 MHz \\ Channel bandwidth & 100 MHz & 100 MHz \\ Cell radius & 300 m & 600 m \\ Antenna mechanical downtilt & 10\({}^{\circ}\) & 6\({}^{\circ}\) \\ Antenna height & 18 m & 20 m \\ Antenna configuration & \(8\times 16\) elements & \(8\times 16\) elements \\ Antenna pattern & ITU-R M.2101 & ITU-R M.2101 \\ Antenna gain & 5.5 dBi & 6.4 dBi \\ Conducted power per element & 22 dBm & 22 dBm \\ Ohmic losses & 3 dB & 3 dB \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: 5G base station characteristics. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **UE** \\ \hline Frequency & 6425–7125 MHz \\ Channel bandwidth & 100 MHz \\ Antenna height & 1.5 m \\ Antenna pattern & Omnidirectional \\ Antenna gain & \(-\)4 dBi \\ Conducted power & 23 dBm \\ Body loss & 4 dB \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: 5G user equipment characteristics. Figure 2: Typical interference scenario between 5G and FS station. To calculate interference taking into account off-channel rejection in accordance with Rec. ITU-R SM.337, the following spectrum emission masks (Figure 3) of 5G base stations and user equipment were configured. For the adjacent channel calculation, 5G center frequency was 70 MHz offset from the center frequency of the FS station. The 5G network was simulated as a cluster that contained 19 BS, each BS covered 3 sectors and each sector contained 3 simultaneously active users [15]. For the 5G BS antennas beamforming that was adopted, using the antenna pattern according to Rec. ITU-R M.2101, this is presented in Figure 4.  
The BS beamforming precoding is used and multiple spatially directive signals are transmitted simultaneously [16].