## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Category**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**MCI Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Model 1: Unadjusted**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Model 2: Adjusted for Age and Sex**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Model 3: Fully Adjusted**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & & & **95\% Confident Interval** & **Odds Ratio** & **95\% Confident Interval** & **Odds Ratio** & **95\% Confident Interval** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{l} Auditory Verbal Learning \\ Test Performance (RAVLT) \\ \end{tabular} } & No Association & Reference & Reference & Reference & Reference & Reference \\  & Immediate & 0.96 & 0.95-0.97 & 0.95 & 0.94-0.96 & 0.94 & 0.93-0.95 \({}^{\star}\) \\  & response & & Reference & Reference & Reference & 1.1 & 1.05-1.14 \({}^{\star}\) \\  & Learning & Reference & Reference & Reference & Reference & 0.55-0.65 & 0.57 & 0.51-0.60 \({}^{\star}\) \\  & Forgetting & 0.65 & 0.60–0.69 & 0.59 & 0.55–0.65 & 0.57 & 0.51-0.60 \({}^{\star}\) \\  & Perception of & 1.05 & 1.04–1.05 & 1.06 & 1.05–1.07 & 1.06 & 1.05–1.07 \({}^{\star}\) \\  & forgetting & & & & & & \\  & Male & NA & NA & Reference & Reference & Reference \\  & Female & NA & NA & Reference & Reference & Reference \\  & Age 0 to 60 & NA & NA & Reference & Reference & Reference \\ Age 61 to 70 & NA & NA & 0.34 & 0.22–0.53 & 0.26 & 0.15–0.45 \({}^{\star}\) \\ Age 71 or older & NA & NA & 0.09 & 0.06–0.15 & 0.07 & 0.04–0.12 \({}^{\star}\) \\  & White & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference & Reference \\  & Black/African & NA & NA & NA & NA & 0.13 & 0.03–0.52 \({}^{\star}\) \\  & American & NA & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\  & Asian & NA & NA & NA & NA & 0.05 & 0.01-0.24 \({}^{\star}\) \\  & More than one & NA & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\  & Hispanic/Latino & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\ Ethnicity & Not His- & & NA & NA & NA & Reference \\  & panic/Latino & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\  & Unknown & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\  & Married & NA & NA & NA & 0.2 & 0.12–0.34 \({}^{\star}\) \\ Marital Status & Newer Married & NA & NA & NA & NA & 5.01 & 1.53–0.16 \\  & Unknown & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\  & Widowed & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\  & Elementary & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\  & High School & NA & NA & NA & & Reference \\ Education & Occupational & NA & NA & NA & & Reference \\  & Program & & & & & \\  & College & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\  & Post-College & NA & NA & NA & & Reference \\  & 0 & NA & NA & NA & & 1.81 & 1.58–2.08 \\ APOE4 alleles & 1 & NA & NA & NA & & Reference & Reference \\  & 2 & NA & NA & NA & Reference & Reference \\ Hippocampus & Hippocampus & NA & NA & NA & 0.99 & 0.99–0.99 \\ Whole-brain & Whole-brain & NA & NA & NA & & 1 & 1.00–1.00 \\ Ventricles & Ventricles & NA & NA & NA & & Reference & Reference \\ ICV & ICV & NA & NA & NA & & Reference & Reference \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Associations between RAVLT test for learning, forgetting, immediate response, and perception of forgetting and MCI with low and high risk for RAVLT test alone or fully adjusted. Covariates with symbol \({}^{\star\star}\) are most negatively associated covariates compared with only one symbol \({}^{\star}\). Atrophies in AD are not random; rather, they follow a well-defined path that starts with the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus and eventually affects all cortex regions. Individuals with MCI had significantly higher rates of annual atrophy than those with normal aging. The rate of atrophy was continuously increasing, accompanied by an increase in AD [49]. In MCI patients, there is an association between p-tau levels and temporal atrophy, whereas it is not observed in healthy elderly people [49]. The RAVLT score is a crucial tool for predicting the progression of MCI into AD [9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. Model 2 was negatively associated with MCI when age 61 to 70, >71 and sex were adjusted, as were the immediate response and forgetting behaviors.