## 6 Conclusions
(Left) Analysis using 12 physiological features; (Right) Analysis using physiological features combined with valence and arousal; Figure S10: Performance measures for classifying intensity levels 5, 6, and 7: (a) F1 score and balanced accuracy; (b) Recall and precision for each intensity; (c), (d), and (e) Normalized confusion matrices for classifications using VAL_ARO, PHY_Sel, and Combined_Sel feature sets. VAL_ARO represents valence and arousal, PHY_Sel denotes the top three ranked physiological features (SCR, PTT, and SCL), and Combined_Sel refers to the top three ranked features from combined physiological and valence-arousal features(valence, arousal, and PTT); Figure S11: Performance measures for classifying intensity levels 5 and 6: (a) F1 score and balanced accuracy; (b) Recall and precision for each intensity; (c), (d), and (e) Normalized confusion matrices for classifications using VAL_ARO, PHY_Sel, and Combined_Sel feature sets. VAL_ARO represents valence and arousal, PHY_Sel denotes the top three ranked physiological features (SCL, SDNN, and SCR), and Combined_Sel refers to the top three ranked features from combined physiological and valence-arousal features (arousal, valence, and SCL); Figure S12: Performance measures for classifying intensity levels 5 and 7: (a) F1 score and balanced accuracy; (b) Recall and precision for each intensity; (c), (d), and (e) Normalized confusion matrices for classifications using VAL_ARO, PHY_Sel, and Combined_Sel feature sets. VAL_ARO represents valence and arousal, PHY_Sel denotes the top three ranked physiological features (SCL, SCR, and PTT), and Combined_Sel refers to the top three ranked features from combined physiological and valence-arousal features (valence, arousal, and SCL). Conceptualization, E.-H.J. and Y.-J.E. ; methodology, E.-H.J., Y.-J.E. and S.B. ; software, E.-H.J., [PERSON]-[PERSON] and [PERSON]; validation, [PERSON]-[PERSON], [PERSON] and S.B. ; formal analysis, [PERSON]-H.J., [PERSON]-[PERSON] and S.B. ; investigation, [PERSON]-[PERSON], [PERSON]-[PERSON] and S.B. ; resources, [PERSON]-[PERSON] and [PERSON]-[PERSON]; data curation, [PERSON]-[PERSON] and [PERSON]-[PERSON]; writing--original draft preparation, [PERSON]-[PERSON], [PERSON]-[PERSON] and S.B. ; writing--review and editing, [PERSON]-[PERSON], [PERSON]-[PERSON] and S.B. ; visualization, [PERSON]-[PERSON], [PERSON]-[PERSON] and S.B. ; supervision, D.Y. ; project administration, D.Y. ; funding acquisition, D.Y. and S.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Incheon National University Research Grant in 2022 and Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology grant funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea (No. 20018248, Development of safety of the intended functionality from insufficiency of perception and decision making). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chungnam National University (Approval No. : 201309-SB-041-01, An Integrated Cognitive-Affective Model for Human-Computer Interfaces). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author due to privacy restriction. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} ANS & Autonomic Nervous System \\ ANOVA & Analysis of Variance \\ BVP & Blood Volume Pulse \\ CV & Cross-Validation \\ ECG & Electrocardiogram \\ EDA & Electrodermal Activity \\ EMG & Electromyogram \\ FT & Finger Temperature \\ HR & Heart Rate \\ HRV & Heart Rate Variability \\ LF & Low Frequency \\ HF & High Frequency \\ k-NN & k-Nearest Neighbors \\ LFnu & Normalized Low Frequency \\ HFnu & Normalized High Frequency \\ \end{tabular}