# Deep Neural Networks for Spatial-Temporal Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey
## 4 CPS Application Domains
### Other CPS  
Apart from transportation CPS and manufacturing CPS, there are other types of CPS in different application domains, such as smart cities, medical CPS, aviation CPS, etc.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Ref, Year** & **Framework** & **Gap** & **Contribution** \\ \hline
[24], 2022 & DSTKG & The Dynamics of the operating environment makes the efficient allocation of production logistics challenging & Proposed a framework for the adequate allocation of smart production logistics \\ \hline
[73], 2020 & CNN & Abnormal manufacturing processes are not well examined & Extensible recognition framework for identifying abnormal manufacturing processes \\ \hline
[78], 2020 & CNN & Accurate prediction of the evolving human activities in Human-Robot-Collaboration (HRC) was challenging & Optical flow CNN-based transfer learning technique was leveraged to promote HRC in smart manufacturing system \\ \hline
[79], 2020 & CNN-LSTM & previous methods were inaccurate & An improved scene identification framework for underground coal mining \\ \hline
[74], 2021 & HAGCN & Machineries remaining useful life prediction models do not consider their operating environment & Considered the environment and its dynamic features for improved accuracy \\ \hline
[75], 2021 & SuperGraph & Achievement of a generic feature extraction method for vibration signals was challenging & Graph theory was found supportive and successfully applied for rotating machinery fault diagnosis \\ \hline
[83], 2021 & LSTM-Autonocoders & Data quality challenges and preventive maintenance strategies & Proposed predictive maintenance for steel industry production processes \\ \hline
[81], 2021 & CISTMA & Effective feature extraction methods, data size and scalability challenges & An improved scheme for monitoring water quality in a wastewater treatment system \\ \hline
[82], 2022 & GCN-GRU & Early energy prediction of complex nodes in smart manufacturing systems remains a challenge & Framework for predicting energy consumption behaviour of multiple nodes concurrently \\ \hline
[34], 2022 & LSTM-GITA & Real-time monitoring of factory logistics is under-investigated & IIoT-DT based method of monitoring factory logistics \\ \hline
[25], 2022 & AD-RoSM & Accuracy problems for anomaly detection schemes in ICS & An improved anomaly detection method for ICS \\ \hline
[72], 2022 & HiSTAR & Spatial-temporal feature extraction was challenging for multivariate industrial anomaly detection schemes & A graph-theory concept was proposed for improved feature extraction and detection accuracy \\ \hline
[77], 2022 & CNN-LSTM & Health assessment of complex systems remains a challenge & A method for evaluating the health status of smart CPS \\ \hline
[76], 2022 & Markov graph & Accuracy problems in predicting faults for electromechanical instruments & An improved scheme aims to stop fatal damage and reduce equipment maintenance costs \\ \hline
[80], 2023 & GCN & Compound and time-varying characteristics of the process industry are not well investigated & Graph theory was used to capture the inherent relationships among the affected variables for an improved accuracy \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Summary of the Reviewed Contributions in Manufacturing (\(X_{2}\)) CPS.