## 4 Results and Discussion
### Received Power Estimation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PL [dB] at R = 100 m**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PL [dB] at R = 500 m**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PL [dB] at R = 1000 m**} \\  & **28** & **38** & **60** & **75** & **28** & **38** & **60** & **75** & **28** & **38** & **60** & **75** \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Urban Micro Environment**} \\ \hline
5 GCM-SC LOS & \(-\)48.9 & \(-\)51.6 & \(-\)55.6 & \(-\)57.5 & \(-\)62.2 & \(-\)64.9 & \(-\)68.8 & \(-\)70.8 & \(-\)68.2 & \(-\)70.8 & \(-\)74.8 & \(-\)76.7 \\ \hline
5 GCM-OS LOS & \(-\)46.4 & \(-\)49.0 & \(-\)53.0 & \(-\)54.9 & \(-\)58.6 & \(-\)61.3 & \(-\)65.3 & \(-\)67.2 & \(-\)64.1 & \(-\)66.8 & \(-\)70.7 & \(-\)72.7 \\ \hline
3 GPP-SC LOS & \(-\)51.2 & \(-\)53.9 & \(-\)57.9 & \(-\)59.8 & \(-\)65.2 & \(-\)67.9 & \(-\)71.8 & \(-\)73.8 & \(-\)71.4 & \(-\)74.1 & \(-\)78.1 & \(-\)80.0 \\ \hline mmMAGIC-SC LOS & \(-\)47.2 & \(-\)50.0 & \(-\)53.1 & \(-\)56.1 & \(-\)59.9 & \(-\)62.7 & \(-\)66.8 & \(-\)68.9 & \(-\)65.7 & \(-\)68.4 & \(-\)72.6 & \(-\)74.6 \\ \hline
5 GCM-SC NLOS & \(-\)77.2 & \(-\)79.9 & \(-\)83.8 & \(-\)85.8 & \(-\)98.3 & \(-\)100.9 & \(-\)104.9 & \(-\)106.8 & \(-\)107.7 & \(-\)110.3 & \(-\)114.3 & \(-\)116.2 \\ \hline
5 GCM-OS NLOS & \(-\)69.9 & \(-\)73.3 & \(-\)76.9 & \(-\)79.0 & \(-\)89.7 & \(-\)92.3 & \(-\)96.3 & \(-\)98.2 & \(-\)98.3 & \(-\)100.9 & \(-\)104.9 & \(-\)106.8 \\ \hline
3 GPP-SC NLOS & \(-\)70.5 & \(-\)72.7 & \(-\)76.9 & \(-\)79.0 & \(-\)93.4 & \(-\)96.2 & \(-\)100.4 & \(-\)102.5 & \(-\)103.8 & \(-\)106.6 & \(-\)110.9 & \(-\)112.9 \\ \hline mmMAGIC-SC NLOS & \(-\)102.7 & \(-\)105.4 & \(-\)109.3 & \(-\)111.3 & \(-\)132.4 & \(-\)135.3 & \(-\)139.2 & \(-\)141.2 & \(-\)145.9 & \(-\)148.6 & \(-\)152.6 & \(-\)154.5 \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Urban Macro Environment**} \\ \hline
5 GCM LOS & \(-\)49.3 & \(-\)51.9 & \(-\)55.9 & \(-\)57.8 & \(-\)62.6 & \(-\)65.2 & \(-\)69.2 & \(-\)71.2 & \(-\)68.5 & \(-\)71.2 & \(-\)75.2 & \(-\)77.1 \\ \hline
3 GPP LOS & \(-\)48.9 & \(-\)51.5 & \(-\)55.5 & \(-\)57.4 & \(-\)63.5 & \(-\)66.1 & \(-\)70.1 & \(-\)72.1 & \(-\)70.0 & \(-\)72.7 & \(-\)76.7 & \(-\)78.6 \\ \hline
5 GCM NLOS & \(-\)72.4 & \(-\)75.0 & \(-\)79.0 & \(-\)80.9 & \(-\)92.4 & \(-\)95.0 & \(-\)98.9 & \(-\)100.9 & \(-\)101.3 & \(-\)103.9 & \(-\)107.9 & \(-\)110.0 \\ \hline
3 GPP NLOS & \(-\)58.7 & \(-\)61.4 & \(-\)65.3 & \(-\)67.2 & \(-\)84.5 & \(-\)87.4 & \(-\)91.4 & \(-\)93.3 & \(-\)96.4 & \(-\)99.0 & \(-\)102.9 & \(-\)104.9 \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Rural Macro Environment**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{R = 500 m} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{R = 1000 m} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{R = 2000 m} \\ \hline
3 GPP LOS & \(-\)60.9 & \(-\)63.9 & \(-\)64.2 & \(-\)72.5 & \(-\)70.7 & \(-\)73.3 & \(-\)77.3 & \(-\)79.2 & \(-\)78.2 & \(-\)80.9 & \(-\)84.8 & \(-\)86.6 \\ \hline
3 GPP NLOS & \(-\)79.5 & \(-\)82.1 & \(-\)86.1 & \(-\)88.0 & \(-\)90.9 & \(-\)93.6 & \(-\)97.5 & \(-\)99.5 & \(-\)102.5 & \(-\)105.1 & \(-\)109.0 & \(-\)111.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Received Power of UMi, UMa, and RMa environments at 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 60 GHz, and 75 GHz. Figure 13: Received power of an Urban Micro environment at 75 GHz. urban and rural macro cells can be affected by various factors such as distance, obstacles, interference, base station antenna height, and frequency band. Observations from Figures 10-18 show that the RP in urban micro cells is generally lower than in urban macro and rural macro cells due to the base station antenna height. The base station antenna height in urban and rural macro cells is generally higher than that of urban micro cells due to the difference in their coverage area and signal propagation characteristics. This paper investigates various existing path-loss models for mmWave frequency bands to estimate path loss and received power.