## 3 Results and Discussion
### Volatile Compounds
#### 3.4.4 Alcohols
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Co.**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Volatile Compounds**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**ID**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**LRI\({}_{\text{e}}\)**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**LRI\({}_{\text{I}}\)**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**One-Way ANOVA**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Two-Way ANOVA**} \\ \cline{5-11}  & & & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2021**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2022**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Y**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**H**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Y**\(\times\) H**} \\ \cline{5-11}  & & & & & & & **SCE** & & & **SPA** & & \\ \hline AD01 & Acetaldehyde (mg/L) \# & A & \(<\)1100 & 714 & **18.1 b** & **44.7 a** & **35.3 b** & **54.8 a** & SPA & **22** & n.s. \\ AD02 & Isobutanal & B, C & \(<\)1100 & 833 & **0.0 a** & **0.00 b** & n.d. & n.d. & - & - & - \\ AD03 & 2-methyl-2-butanal & B, C & \(<\)1100 & 1095 & n.d. & n.d. & 0.48 & 0.54 & - & - & - \\ AD04 & Heptanal & B, C & 1184 & 1187 & **4.41 a** & **1.30 b** & n.d. & n.d. & - & - & - \\ AD05 & Octanal & B, C & 1294 & 1281 & 0.28 & 0.19 & 1.32 & 1.67 & n.s. & **22** & n.s. \\ AD06 & Nonanal & B, C & 1399 & 1403 & 16.1 & 15.3 & 28.6 & 28.4 & n.s. & n.s. & n.s. \\ AD07 & 2-Octanal & B, C & 1436 & 1427 & n.d. & n.d. & 0.11 & 0.12 & - & - & - \\ AD08 & Decanal & A, B, C & 1503 & 1504 & 5.46 & 4.77 & 4.72 & 8.02 & n.s. & n.s. & n.s. \\ AD09 & 2-Nonneal & B, C & 1543 & 1540 & 0.58 & 1.58 & 0.14 & 0.18 & n.s. & **21** & n.s. \\ AD10 & Undecanal & A, B, C & 1608 & 1610 & 0.82 & 0.23 & 0.63 & 0.95 & n.s. & n.s. & n.s. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{2-Methyl-5-isopropyl-} \\ AD11 & 1-cyclopenten-1- & & B, C & 1693 & 1691 & n.d. & n.d. & 0.10 & 0.09 & - & - & - \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{carboxaldehyde} \\ AD12 & Dodecanal & B, C & 1716 & 1713 & 1.24 & 0.69 & 0.64 & 0.72 & n.s. & n.s. & n.s. \\ AD13 & 2-(Acetoxy)-propanal & B & 1829 & - & 1.41 & 0.18 & **1.32 a** & **0.64 b** & **SCE** & n.s. & n.s. \\ AD14 & 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1- & & & & & & & & & \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{cyclohex-1-acrolein} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Abbreviations: Co.—compound’s code; ID—identification of compounds: A—retention time accordant with that of a pure standard; B—mass spectra accordant with that from NIST 2.0, Wiley 8, and FFNSC 2 mass spectra electronic libraries or literature; C—linear retention index (LRI) accordant with an index from literature (compounds with only B in the ID column were considered tentatively identified); LRI—experimental linear retention index; LRI—linear retention index from literature; n.s—not significant n.d.—not detected. One-way ANOVA section: different superscript lowercase letters represent statistically significant differences between the two investigated wines determined by one-way ANOVA at \(p<0.05\) for each harvest year separately. Two-way ANOVA section: designations are reported representing yeast (SCE, SPA) and harvest year (21, 22) with higher concentration determined by two-way ANOVA at \(p<0.05\) with yeast (7) and harvest year (H) as factors. Significant differences are highlighted in bold.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Concentrations (\(\mu\)g/L, if not otherwise indicated) of aldehydes found in Malvazija istarska white wines produced by fermentation with _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ (SCE) and _Saccharomyces paradoxus_ (SPA) yeasts in two harvest years determined by targeted gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC/FID) # and untargeted two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC \(\times\) GC/TOF-MS). depending on the harvest year, it is likely that additional factors also had a significant effect. Similar differences between _S. cerevisiae_ and _S. paradoxus_ fermentations were observed by [PERSON] et al. (2012) and [PERSON] et al. (2013), except for 1-propanol, which generally showed higher concentrations in wines fermented by _S. paradoxus_([PERSON], 2013). In contrast, [PERSON] et al. (2015) did not observe significant differences in isoamyl alcohol and 2-phenylethylal levels between _S. cerevisiae_ and _S. paradoxus_ fermented wines.