## 3 Case Study of the Port of Aviles  
### Brief System Characterization  
The pilot site is located on land, managed by the Port Authority of Aviles (Principality of Asturias, Spain). Specifically, it is a hybrid renewable energy installation consisting of wind, PV solar, hydrokinetic turbines and a pump-as-turbine (PAT) storage system. Figure 7 and Table 1 show the location and system components' characteristics.  
The hybrid energy system comprised the following key components:  
* Sea Hybrid Module: This was a storage unit for all electrical components, control electronics, and batteries, along with other essential elements required for the analysis of the pilot site, such as sensors. Additionally, it housed a water tank and a Pump-as-Turbine (PAT) unit.
* Solar Panels: A metal support structure, located near the sea Hybrid module, accommodated multiple solar panels to generate electricity during daylight hours.
* Wind Turbines: Three vertical-axis wind turbines were installed on top of the sea hybrid module to harness the wind energy available at the site.
* Hydrokinetic Turbines: Given the presence of a small tidal river near the pilot site, a floating platform equipped with two vertical-axis hydrokinetic turbines was developed to capture energy from the kinetic movement of the water current.
* PHS (based on Pump-as-Turbine (PAT)) Unit: This unit, located within the sea hybrid module, included a water tank, a pump operating as a turbine, and all necessary plumbing components, such as pipes and control valves.  
Then, the system under analysis was one hybrid energy module based on a sea hybrid module of 6 m length, which, inside the tank for the pump hydro storage (PHS) system, on top, included micro wind turbines, PV panels beside of the hybrid module, and a bouncy  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline PV Solar & Hydrokinetic \\ \hline Installed power of solar panels, 405 W/panel & Area swept by turbine, 0.28 m\({}^{2}\) \\ \hline Number of solar panels, 2 panels & Number of wind turbines, 2 turbines \\ \hline Average solar irradiation in Aviles, 3 & Average water velocity in river, 0.7 m/s \\ \hline System efficiency, 80\% & System efficiency, 20\% \\ \hline Days of operation, 292 (80\% of year) & Days of operation, 292 (80\% of year) \\ \hline
**Wind** & **PAT** \\ \hline Installed power of wind turbine, & \\
800 W/turbine & Power of PAT system, 200 W \\ \hline Number of wind turbines, 3 turbines & Maximum flow rate, 11 ls \\ \hline Area swept by turbine, 0.45 m\({}^{2}\) & Average head, 3 to 5 m \\ \hline Average wind potential, 250 W/m\({}^{2}\) & Average efficiency, 62\% \\ \hline System efficiency, 20\% & Days of operation, 292 (80\% of year) \\ \hline Days of operation, 292 (80\% of year) & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Base characteristics for the hybrid energy module.  
Figure 7: Port of Aviles’ location for the hybrid energy module and system characteristics.  
solution with hydrokinetic turbines, to be installed in the Port of Aviles. This module could be replicated with more parallel installations.  
Out of the different energy sectors in the Port of Aviles, this research study selected the ones that better suited the energy module set to be developed (Figure 8).