# Cell Response to Oxidative Stress in Antarctic Filamentous Fungi
## 2 Biodiversity of Filamentous Fungi in Antarctica
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \(\mathbf{\mathsf{N}}\) & **Strain** & **Antarctic Samples** & **Origin** & **References** \\ \hline
24. & _C. bassiana_ & Antarctic permafrost & McMurdo Dry Valleys & [42] \\ \hline
25. & _Cryptococcus victoriae_ & Soil & Rip Point, Nelson Island & [27] \\ \hline
26. & _Dendryphiella salina_ & Moss and soil under & Lake Carezza & [46] \\ \hline
27. & _Dioszegia hungarica_ & Snow samples & Trinity Peninsula & [44] \\ \hline
28. & _Epicoccum nrigum_ & Lichens & Livingston Island & [40] \\ \hline
29. & _E. nrigrum_ & Lichens & Livingston Island & [43] \\ \hline
30. & _Lecanicillium muscarium_ & Moss & Victoria Land & [48] \\ \hline
31. & _L. muscarium_ & Permafrost sediments & Bellingshausen Station & [2] \\ \hline
32. & _L. muscarium_ & Soil & Livingston Island & [43] \\ \hline
33. & _Microdochium phragmitis_ & Water & Lakes in Admiralty Bay (King George Island) & [45] \\ \hline
34. & _Monodictys austriana_ & Soil & Livingston Island & [43] \\ \hline
35. & _Mortierella elongate_ & Soil & Progress station & [49] \\ \hline
36. & _Mrakia blollopsi_ & Soil & Syowa station & [50] \\ \hline
37. & _Mucor hiemalis_ & Soil & Livingston Island & [40] \\ \hline
38. & _Neomicrosphaeropsis italica_ & Snow samples & King George Island & [44] \\ \hline
39. & _Penicillium aurantiogriseum_ & Soil & Livingston Island & [43] \\ \hline
40. & _P. brevicompactum_ & Permafrost sediments & Bellingshausen Station & [2] \\ \hline
41. & _P. chrysogenum_ & Mosses & Livingston Island. & [40] \\ \hline
42. & _P. chrysogenum_ & Antarctic permafrost & McMurdo Dry Valleys & [42] \\ \hline
43. & _P. citrinum_ & Soil & Livingston Island & [43] \\ \hline
44. & _P. commune_ & Soil & Livingston Island & [40] \\ \hline
45. & _P. commune_ 161 & Soil & Livingston Island & [47] \\ \hline
46. & _P. dierckxii_ & Soil & Livingston Island & [43] \\ \hline
47. & _P. expansum_ & Permafrost sediments & Beacon Valley & [2] \\ \hline
48. & _P. expansum_ & Antarctic permafrost & McMurdo Dry Valleys & [42] \\ \hline
49. & _P. fimorum_ & Lichens & Livingston Island & [43] \\ \hline
50. & _P. glandicola_ & Snow sample & Trinity Peninsula & [44] \\ \hline
51. & _P. griseofulvum_ & Soil & Terra Nova Bay & [51] \\ \hline
52. & _P. olsonii_ p14 & Soil & Casey Station & [52] \\ \hline
53. & _P. platitans_ & Antarctic permafrost & McMurdo Dry Valleys & [42] \\ \hline
54. & _P. rubens_ III11-2 & Soil & Livingston Island & [53] \\ \hline
55. & _P. rubens_ & Soil & Livingston Island & [40] \\ \hline
56. & _P. solitum_ & Marine sediments & King George Island & [54] \\ \hline
57. & _P. tardochrysogenum_ & Snow samples & King George Island & [44] \\ \hline
58. & _P. uaksmanii_ m12 & Soil & Terra Nova Bay & [52] \\ \hline
59. & _Phenoliferia glacialis_ & Snow samples & Trinity Peninsula & [44] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. From the lakes in the Antarctic Peninsula have been isolated species such as _Geomyces pannorum_, _Thelebolus_ sp., _Mortierella_ sp., _Cadopiora_ cf. _luteo-olivacea_, _Cadopiora_ _malorum_, _Davidiella tassiana_, _G. pannorum_, _Mortierella_ cf. _alpina_, _Thelebolus_ cf. _microspores_, etc. [45]. DNA metabarcoding indicates that the dominant phyla in lakes on the South Shetland Islands and James Ross Island are _Ascomycota_, _Basidiomycota_, _Mortierellomycota_, _Mucromycota_, and _Chytridiomycota_. Species belonging to the phyla _Aphelidiomycota_, _Basidiobomycota_, _Blackoladiumycota_, _Monoblepharomycota_, _Rozellomycota_, _Zoopagomycota_, and unknown fungal taxa were also detected [57]. Microbiological culture approaches or different molecular techniques have been used to demonstrate the presence of fungi in Antarctica [26; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62].