## 3 Results
### Clinical Outcomes  
The between-group changes on clinical outcomes are shown in Table 3. A significant main effect of time was shown in systolic blood pressure (\(p\) = 0.028, \(\eta\)2p = 0.19, pre-post MD = 6.88 mmHg 95% CI [0.80, 12.96]), diastolic blood pressure (\(p\) = 0.008, \(\eta\)2p = 0.26, pre-post MD = 3.60 mmHg 95% CI [1.03, 6.17]), mean blood pressure (\(p\) = 0.002, \(\eta\)2p = 0.34, pre-post MD = 4.69 mmHg 95% CI [1.95, 7.43]) and creatine kinase (\(p\) = 0.008, \(\eta\)2p = 0.21, pre-post MD = 31.09 IU/L 95% CI [8.74, 53.45]). Despite non-statistically significant interactions being shown in all clinical outcomes (\(p\) > 0.05), the EX + WB-EMS groups obtained higher pre-post estimated mean differences in systolic blood pressure, ALT, GGT and fatty liver index.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Outcome** & **Group** & **Week 0** & **Week 10** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Estimated Mean** \\ **Difference [95\% CI]** \\ \end{tabular} & \(p\) **(Time)** & \(p\) **(Group \(\times\)** \\ \hline
**Blood pressure** & & & & & & \\ Systolic blood & & & & & & \\ pressure & All & 121.14 \(\pm\) 16.80 & 127.00 \(\pm\) 20.76 & **6.88 [0.80, 12.96]** & **0.028** & 0.516 \\ (mm Hg) & EX + WB-EMS & 122.64 \(\pm\) 16.90 & 131.46 \(\pm\) 21.88 & 8.82 [\(-\)4.05, 21.69] & & \\  & EX & 119.60 \(\pm\) 18.24 & 124.53 \(\pm\) 18.00 & 4.93 [\(-\)6.09, 15.95] & & \\ Diastolic blood & & & & & & \\ pressure & All & 73.32 \(\pm\) 7.89 & 76.70 \(\pm\) 7.29 & **3.60 [1.03, 6.17]** & **0.008** & 0.211 \\ (mm Hg) & EX + WB-EMS & 74.00 \(\pm\) 7.94 & 76.00 \(\pm\) 6.40 & 2.00 [\(-\)3.43, 7.43] & & \\  & EX & 72.33 \(\pm\) 8.40 & 77.53 \(\pm\) 7.47 & 5.20 [0.55, 9,85] & & \\ Mean blood & & & & & & \\ pressure & All & 89.26 \(\pm\) 9.61 & 93.47 \(\pm\) 10.49 & **4.69 [1.95, 7.43]** & **0.002** & 0.755 \\ (mm Hg) & EX + WB-EMS & 90.21 \(\pm\) 8.81 & 94.49 \(\pm\) 9.94 & 4.27 [\(-\)1.53, 10.07] & & \\  & EX & 88.09 \(\pm\) 10.89 & 93.20 \(\pm\) 9.70 & 5.11 [0.14, 10.08] & & \\
**Liver function** & & & & & & \\ ALT (IU/L) & All & 24.72 \(\pm\) 16.04 & 21.28 \(\pm\) 13.39 & \(-\)3.44 [\(-\)10.31, 3.43] & 0.315 & 0.203 \\  & EX + WB-EMS & 30.81 \(\pm\) 20.35 & 23.00 \(\pm\) 16.96 & \(-\)7.81 [\(-\)21.25, 5.63] & & \\  & EX & 18.63 \(\pm\) 6.17 & 19.56 \(\pm\) 8.76 & 0.94 [\(-\)12.50, 14.38] & & \\ GGT (IU/L) & All & 26.91 \(\pm\) 21.74 & 22.56 \(\pm\) 13.04 & \(-\)4.34 [\(-\)12.12, 3.43] & 0.263 & 0.655 \\  & EX + WB-EMS & 31.46 \(\pm\) 28.80 & 25.50 \(\pm\) 16.55 & \(-\)6.06 [\(-\)21.26, 9.14] & & \\  & EX & 22.25 \(\pm\) 10.04 & 19.63 \(\pm\) 7.68 & \(-\)2.63 [17.83, 12.58] & & \\ Fatty liver & All & 30.70 \(\pm\) 27.67 & 28.16 \(\pm\) 25.78 & \(-\)2.55 [\(-\)6.79, 1.70] & 0.230 & 0.381 \\ index & EX + WB-EMS & 34.05 \(\pm\) 29.11 & 29.65 \(\pm\) 26.54 & \(-\)4.39 [\(-\)12.70, 3.91] & & \\  & EX & 27.36 \(\pm\) 26.67 & 26.66 \(\pm\) 25.78 & \(-\)0.70 [\(-\)9.01, 7.61] & & \\
**Markers of** & & & & & & \\
**overtraining** & & & & & & \\ Creatine kinase & & & & & & \\ (CPK; IU/L) & All & 101.66 \(\pm\) 39.33 & 132.75 \(\pm\) 67.21 & **31.09 [8.74, 53.45]** & **0.008** & 0.182 \\  & EX + WB-EMS & 94.19 \(\pm\) 41.45 & 140.25 \(\pm\) 81.71 & 46.06 [2.33, 89.79] & & \\  & EX & 109.13 \(\pm\) 36.87 & 125.50 \(\pm\) 48.72 & 16.13 [\(-\)27.61, 59.86] & & \\  & All & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 0.70 \(\pm\) 0.11 & \(-\)0.00 [\(-\)0.03, 0.02] & 0.812 & 0.812 \\  & EX + WB-EMS & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.12 & & & \\  & EX & 0.70 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 0.70 \(\pm\) 0.11 & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Data are presented as mean \(\pm\) SD. WB-EMS: Whole body electromystimulation. EX + WB-EMS: Voluntary exercise with WB-EMS; EX: Voluntary exercise group. Significant mean differences and \(p\)-values (\(p\leq\) 0.05) are shown in bold. Abbreviations: ALT—Alanine transaminase; GGT—glutamyl transferase, EX: exercise only group; MD: mean difference; CI: confidence interval; \(p\): \(p\) Value.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Summary of between-group changes in clinical outcomes.