# Microbiomes of Primary Soils and Mining Heaps of Polymetallic Ore Quarries
## 2 Materials and Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample No.** & **Plot** & **Soil Cover** & **Vegetation Cover** & **Soil Age, Years** & **Sample Description** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1-2021} & \multirow{4}{*}{Tuba-Kain (heap)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Missing} & \multirow{4}{*}{Missing} & \multirow{4}{*}{5-7} & Dry; mottled light gray, \\  & & & & & almost white, with inclusions \\  & & & & & of white, red, and dark gray; \\  & & & & & coarse-grained sandy dense, \\  & & & & & without plant remains \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2-2021} & \multirow{4}{*}{Tuba-Kain (background)} & Continuous & \multirow{4}{*}{Continuous steppe 11 cm} & Dry; dark gray, relatively \\  & & & & & nonhomogenous in color, \\  & & & & vegetation & with a yellowish int; sandy \\  & & & & & clumpy; lots of plant roots \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{3-2021} & \multirow{4}{*}{Semenovsky (heap)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Missing} & Locally vegetated  by grass spots & \multirow{4}{*}{1-2} & Dry; mottled light gray, with \\  & & & & & inclusions of white and \\  & & & & & yellow (gravel and rubble); \\  & & & & & crumbly; a small number of \\  & & & & & inclusions of vegetation roots \\  & & & & & and plant debris \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{4-2021} & \multirow{4}{*}{Semenovsky (background)} & Continuous & \multirow{4}{*}{Continuous steppe 17 cm} & Dry; uniformly dark gray, \\  & & & & & almost black, with a \\  & & & & & yellowish-reddish hue; sandy \\  & & & & vegetation & crumbly fine and medium \\  & & & & & crumbly; large amounts of \\  & & & & & plant roots and plant debris \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{5-2021} & \multirow{4}{*}{Kulyurtau (quarry)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Localized newly formed soil spots} & \multirow{4}{*}{Young birch forest stands} & Dry; mottled dark gray (soil part) with inclusions of white and yellow (wood and \\  & & & & & rubble parts); soil fraction \\  & & & & & rubble parts); soil fraction \\  & & & & & powdery sandy; a large \\  & & & & & number of inclusions of roots \\  & & & & & and plant residues \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{6-2021} & \multirow{4}{*}{Kulyurtau (background)} & Continuous & \multirow{4}{*}{Continuous steppe 10 cm} & Dry; dark gray, almost black, \\  & & & & & with a yellowish int; coarse- \\  & & & & vegetation & to medium-compound sandy \\  & & & & & crumbly; many inclusions of \\  & & & & & roots and plant debris \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{7-2021} & \multirow{4}{*}{Tubinsky (quarry)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Localized newly formed soil spots} & Partially degraded & Dry; mottled light gray, with a \\  & & & & reddish tint and with \\  & & & & inclusions of white and red; \\  & & & & & sandy, and the structure is not \\  & & & & & expressed (the sample is a \\  & & & & & mixture of sandy and sandy \\  & & & & & material); a small number of \\  & & & & & inclusions of plants remain \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{8-2021} & \multirow{4}{*}{Tubinsky (background)} & Continuous & \multirow{4}{*}{Continuous steppe 10 cm} & Dry; uniformly dark gray, \\  & & & & & almost black; powdery sandy; \\  & & & & & many inclusions of coarse \\  & & 8 cm & vegetation & & gravel and rubble, and roots \\  & & & & & and plant debris \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Description of the studied areas and selected samples. The age of the quarries and pit dumps, and the approximate start of the initial soil formation were determined based on the analysis of multi-temporal satellite images (the Google Earth platform was used). A sample of about 1 kg of fine-grained soil was taken from each area, which was then separated by quarting and used for agrochemical and microbiological analyses and an analysis for the content of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni)) and arsenic (As). Samples for determining the taxonomic composition of the microbiome were stored in a freezer at \(-\)20 degrees Celsius (\({}^{\circ}\)C) until the study, and the rest of the sample was air-dried. Samples for each of the analyses were prepared according to the methodology of the experiment.