# Research on Human Exposure to Transport-Induced Vibration in Buildings
## 6 Discussion  
Table 5 presents the problems analyzed in the work, along with the most important conclusions and recommendations of the authors based on the conducted research and analyses. It should be emphasized that the authors had a large database of measurement results from various transport excitations. The next section presents discussions of the obtained results and conclusions with research conducted by other authors. While comprehensive studies on the impact of transportation vibrations on people in buildings who passively receive these vibrations are limited, articles focusing on individual vehicle types still provide valuable comparisons. For example, in the article [26], the effect of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) is examined, demonstrating that different vehicle types have varying impacts, especially railway vehicles (trans, metro). This is similar to discussions on metro trains, buses, and trucks. The study presented in [27] investigates how tram speeds affect residents' perception of vibrations in nearby residential buildings, revealing that tram speed does not directly correlate with vibrational comfort. Our analyses similarly show that the travel time of trans does not straightforwardly relate to VDVs or HPVI values, indicating a complex relationship between tram speed and vibrational comfort in buildings close to tram lines. This underscores the need to consider multiple factors beyond just speed to minimize vibration impacts on residents. A particularly interesting study by [28] explores the influence of tram traffic-induced vibrations on buildings damaged by the Zagreb 2020 earthquake. It examines various factors, including tram type, velocity, and proximity to buildings, and how these contribute to the propagation of existing cracks or new damage in earthquake-affected structures. Both our analysis and this document highlight the significant role of vehicle type in influencing vibration levels. Different vehicles (buses, metro trains, trans) have varying impacts on HPVI and VDVs, with specific tram models contributing differently to vibration levels and potential building damage. Resident complaints about metro train passages often prompt studies, as seen in the article by [29], which focuses on diagnosing noise and vibrations from metro trains and designing buildings near metro lines to mitigate these issues. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Building** & **Investigated Problem** & **Conclusion** & **Recommendation** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{A} & \multirow{4}{*}{Weighting function} & Assessment of human exposure to vibrations in buildings made using VDV analysis should take into signal analysis weighting function Wb. & It is possible to take weighting function Wk into consideration because the differences between Wb and Wk are small and in the range of 5 and 25 Hz values of both of these functions, they are the same. \\  & & The differences between measurement results obtained from different points are significant, but the results of the whole analysis are similar. Location of measurement point has the greatest influence on analysis results. & It is recommended to place the measurement point in the structural center of the floor. \\  & & HPVI is more sensitive than VDV, but it should be noticed that in this case, single events were compared to each other while the VDV is better to calculate the day/night exposure, although the standards are not consistent in this regard & RMS method is preferable for general assessments, whereas the VDV is better for scenarios with significant peak vibrations. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparison of various problems in the analyzed buildings. In [30], a comprehensive study on traffic-induced vibrations in Istanbul, one of the world's most populous and traffic-congested cities, the authors examine the effects on residential buildings and occupants.