## 3 Results and Discussion
In contrast, high-velocity impacts concentrate energy into localized regions, leading to severe and more  
Figure 8: Maximum principal [MPa] stress in the function of layers. Figure 9: Shear stress [MPa] in the function of layers. focused damage. Accurate modeling of these impacts is essential for predicting how kinetic energy translates into structural damage, as failing to do so can lead to underestimations of potential damage and impact resistance. With Ansys Workbench, post-processing of the results of composite analysis is typically performed using the composite pre-post (ACP) tool. ACP provides a dedicated environment for post-processing results related to composite materials. Unfortunately, the ACP post system cannot post-process all analysis types. Explicit analyses are not supported by ACP post because ACP's post-processing system predicts a first ply failure and therefore does not consider damage or material degradation. Figure 11: (**a**) Impact force vs. time. (**b**) Impact force vs displacement in the case of 8 kg ice, velocity of 10 m/s. Figure 10: Diagram of impact force vs. time: (**a**) 4 kg ic, (**b**) 8 kg ice with 5 m/s and 10 m/s, (**c**) 4 kg and 8 kg ice with 10 m/s. There are two composite strength models: enhanced composite damage and laminated composite fabric. For either of these two-material models, it is necessary to insert orthotropic elasticity, an orthotropic stress limit, and define the composite control tool (in the mechanical analysis settings) on enhanced composite damage, which is in line with *MAT54/55, or the laminated composite damage in line with the MAT48 material model. The results are written only for the top, bottom, and neutral axis. In the case of enhanced composite damage, the outcomes are documented in the EPS definition. Typically, EPS represents equivalent plastic strain when applied to metal materials models. However, in the case of the enhanced composite damage material model, the result is expressed as a percentage of the intact layers. In the visual representation (refer to Figure 13), a value of zero means failure (illustrated in blue), while a value of 1 specifies an intact layer (illustrated in red). If we focus on the _bottom_ layer, it provides the percentage of intact layers in the compressive fiber mode. The _middle_ layer corresponds to the tensile fiber mode, and the _top_ layer represents the tensile matrix mode. By selecting the _unaverage display_ option, it is possible to examine a failure result for each finite element (Figure 13 details). The material model *MAT55 incorporates EPSF (damage initiation transverse shear strain) and EPSR (final rupture transverse shear strain) parameters, both of which are set with a value of zero. In practical terms, damage initiation occurs when the effective transverse shear strain reaches EPSF, while final rupture takes place when the effective transverse shear strain reaches EPSR. Figure 13 illustrates the condition of each layer in the composite plate during the impact of an 8 kg ice mass traveling at a velocity of 10 m/s. Figure 13 provides an overview of the enhanced composite damage when utilizing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for ice modeling, while Figure 13 presents the outcomes when the ice is modeled as a rigid body. Considering the similarity in the outcomes between the compressive and tensile fiber modes, as well as for the tensile matrix, the results are presented only for the _bottom_ position to maintain brevity. Upon analyzing Figure 13a, it becomes evident that the first three layers exhibit remarkable robustness across diverse mechanical scenarios, encompassing a compressive fiber, tensile fiber, and matrix in the tensile conditions. It is crucial to acknowledge that these initial layers are highly stable and unlikely to fail under various mechanical conditions. The fourth layer preserves 90% of its integrity in the area closer to the third layer, while reducing up to 50% when approaching the PVC area in the case of the compressive fiber, tensile fiber, and tensile matrix.