## 5 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of Fire Indicators  
From Figure 3, we can observe that the fire risk assessment of ancient vernacular residences revealed that 29% of fires were caused by human causes. This result is consistent with [PERSON] et al. 's [15] study, wherein 20.68% of fire risk was attributed to human factors. However, the difference in these two percentages is due to the distinct subjects studied by each research. Therefore, it is important for officials, village councils, and citizens to work together to prevent fires through means such as increased fire safety awareness  
Figure 3: Indicator weighting values. campaigns and the use of new technologies in improving pre-fire damage assessment, early identification, and prevention of potential hazards. Through a questionnaire survey of villagers, it was found that the probability of fire is highest in winter. This finding is supported by [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s [59] research, which showed that winter is relatively dry, creating an environment around the ancient village that is extremely vulnerable to fire. Statistics from 1997 to 2017 revealed that there was a slight increase in the number of fire accidents and fatalities during December, January, and February each winter compared to the rest of the year. Dry air in winter makes these fires more likely to spread easily once they occur. Additionally, during festive seasons such as New Year's Day and Spring Festival, residents tend to use more electrical appliances for entertainment and party activities, increasing their risk of starting a fire [7]. The second most influential fire risk is social management factors, accounting for 25.8%. Fire is not only a physical phenomenon but also a social one with complex consequences. To prevent fires from occurring, countries such as China and the United States have implemented successful fire awareness and training programs [60]. However, many rural dwellers lack knowledge of fire hazard management due to their poor social experience. Therefore, developing more effective fire safety education is essential to make people aware of how to better protect themselves from the risk of fire. Therefore, an effective fire safety accountability system and fire management system are crucial for the sustainability of the built cultural heritage of ancient villages. The establishment of systematic and routine fire safety inspections, corrective measures, and the integration of fire protection planning with urban planning departments can ensure adequate fire stations, evacuation routes, and safety exits in neighboring areas. Timely notification of relevant authorities, increased supervision, installation of additional firefighting equipment, and regular evacuation drills can ensure overall fire safety during major events. The other two main categories of indicators that influence the risk of a fire in new buildings are facility factors (20.7%) and environmental factors (24.5%), which directly affect the objective factors of building fires. [PERSON] et al. [61] used building information modeling and 3D modeling geometry data to simulate evacuation assessment, escape route planning, safety education, and fire management strategies. From 2012 to 2014, a survey conducted by the Ministry of Public Safety and Security of Korea regarding the financial support for fire safety facilities and technology research projects showed that investments in safety facilities were integral to fire prevention [62]. [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s [63] research showed a positive correlation between quality fire protection facilities and the rate of fire prevention conducted by studying management styles within apartment houses during inspections. However, the specific correlation between them was not stated, nor was its influence on reducing fires revealed. [PERSON] et al.