# Calculation Methods for Construction Material Stocks: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Content Analysis
#### 3.2.2 Material Stock Calculation Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Aim of the Study** & **Research Approach** & **Tools Applied** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [7] & Mapping the construction materials in Japan from 1940 to today on GIS. & Using the existing literature to find total material stock and material intensity. & GIS \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] & Finding the material stock disparity in 31 provinces of China. & Combining the existing literature of estimated material stock of the subregions in the research area. & Thiel Index \\  & Present the material flow analysis of the material in use and construction and demolition waste of the residential buildings in Rio de Janerio, Brazil. & Using the existing literature of the material intensity for different types of buildings constructed in different times. & None \\  & Quantify the material stock of nondomestic buildings in Germany. & Categorizing non-residential buildings into different types. Then, estimating the material intensity and average floor area to estimate the total material stock. & None \\  & Quantify the material stock of non-residential buildings in the Rhine-Main area in Germany. & Categorizing the non-residential buildings into different types based upon use and the year constructed. Then, by using the average material intensity and floor area of each type to estimate total material stock. & GIS \\  & To estimate the use of Polychhorinated biphenyls & Estimated the amount by using the average material intensity of the plastic in building & None \\  & applications in buildings in Norway between 1950 and 1980. & found from the literature and multiplying it with the total material stock. & \\  & To estimate the loss of material stock in Japanese buildings and & Comparing the images of different periods to estimate the material volume and using the literature to find the material intensity. & GIS \\  & & \\ [PERSON] et al. [18] & To estimate the total material stock and demolition waste flow for Padua for the period 1902–2007. & Georeferencing photos of different times on GIS to find the material volume and & GIS \\  & Present an analytical method for urban building metabolism by using four-dimensional Geographical Information Systems (4d-GIS). & Georeferencing the CAD drawings and aerial images to find the total construction area. & GIS \\  & Analyze the material stock of buildings and their spatial distribution of Vienna at the city level. & Then, combining it with average material intensity found from the literature to find the total material stock. & GIS \\  & To analyze the material stock (MS) in buildings and its spatial distribution of the city of Chicago in Peru. & Using land census data to find the number of dwellings and their area to estimate the total material volume. Similarly, the material intensity was calculated from the drawings and expert opinion. & GIS \\  & & Government sources were used to gather data both for buildings and roads. For buildings, data such as the number of dwellings, their area and material intensity were collected. Similarly, for roads, their age, width, and length were collected. & GIS \\  & To estimate the material stock of the Gothenburg, Sweden using a cluster model. & The material stock was assumed by multiplying it by the total area. & None \\  & To model material stocks and flows for non-metallic minerals in residential buildings, roads, and railways in the EU25, from 2004 to 2009. & The study used the standard design of roads and railway stations of the European Union to find the material intensity. Then, by calculating the total volume, the total material stock was estimated. & None \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Methodology for top-down calculation. The top-down method was mostly used to estimate material stock at a large scale, e.g., at the scale of a country. For example, [PERSON] et al. [7] carried out a study to map the construction materials in Japan from the 1940s until 2010 using GIS.