## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Men**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Women**} \\ \cline{2-5} \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Normal**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Hypertension**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Normal**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Hypertension**} \\ \hline Subjects, no. (\%) & 1343 (96.3\%) & 52 (3.7\%) & 1249 (98.7\%) & 17 (1.3\%) \\ \hline Age, mean, (SD) \({}^{\dagger}\) & 61.08 (8.43) & 68.08 (9.05) & 59.84 (8.54) & 67.00 (5.44) \\ \hline Systolic BP (mmHg), mean, (SD) \({}^{\dagger}\) & 124.90 (17.16) & 135.27 (17.87) & 122.55 (17.44) & 133.47 (13.02) \\ \hline Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean, (SD) & 80.05 (10.65) & 81.60 (11.27) & 77.03 (10.00) & 80.59 (7.71) \\ \hline Height (HT), (cm), mean, (SD) \({}^{\star}\) & 166.84 (6.05) & 164.00 (4.87) & 153.93 (5.95) & 150.65 (5.81) \\ \hline Weight (WT), (kg), mean, (SD) & 65.09 (9.34) & 63.70 (9.11) & 55.43 (8.18) & 57.10 (10.20) \\ \hline Waist circumference (WC), (cm), mean, (SD) \({}^{\star}\) & 83.77 (7.93) & 85.27 (8.33) & 79.43 (8.61) & 86.11 (9.61) \\ \hline Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), mean, (SD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.502 (0.046) & 0.520 (0.048) & 0.517 (0.057) & 0.572 (0.069) \\ \hline BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)), mean, (SD) \({}^{\star}\) & 23.33 (2.75) & 23.65 (2.97) & 23.36 (2.93) & 25.08 (3.66) \\ \hline Glucose (mg/dL), mean, (SD) & 97.68 (15.38) & 97.94 (12.42) & 94.83 (14.35) & 96.12 (12.39) \\ \hline Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean, (SD) & 190.46 (35.12) & 181.25 (33.90) & 202.47 (33.82) & 204.29 (39.79) \\ \hline High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dL), mean, (SD) \({}^{\star}\) & 46.27 (11.63) & 41.61 (8.51) & 49.73 (11.03) & 51.58 (14.67) \\ \hline Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dL), mean, (SD) \({}^{\star}\) & 111.46 (31.00) & 104.64 (33.78) & 129.95 (28.91) & 92.00 (43.84) \\ \hline Triglycerides (mg/dL) \({}^{\star}\) & 155.98 (131.75) & 136.65 (64.45) & 121.76 (74.53) & 135.00 (79.83) \\ \hline Body fat mass (g), mean, (SD) & & & & \\ \hline Head fat mass (HDF) & 976.74 (120.53) & 997.67 (144.56) & 854.72 (99.12) & 842.57 (112.95) \\ \hline Left arm fat mass (LAF) & 723.80 (249.40) & 780.29 (283.85) & 1111.48 (344.13) & 1254.23 (510.04) \\ \hline Right arm fat mass (RAF) & 734.12 (257.21) & 803.00 (318.78) & 1116.30 (352.34) & 1190.21 (534.52) \\ \hline Trunk fat mass (TF) \({}^{\star}\) & 7749.64 (2945.93) & 8641.31 (3435.56) & 9577.91 (3131.95) & 10,507.29 (2833.51) \\ \hline Left leg fat mass (LLF) & 1868.20 (623.90) & 2001.40 (693.38) & 2806.96 (814.50) & 2620.02 (789.83) \\ \hline Right leg fat mass (RLF) & 1910.86 (643.61) & 2024.60 & 2875.70 (2747.47) & 2747.47 (643.61) & 2759.45 (648.34) \\ \hline Total body fat mass without the head (TBFWH) \({}^{\star}\) & 12.986.62 (4491.04) & 14,250.60 (5295.67) & 17,488.34 (8.319.22) \\ \hline Total body fat mass (TBF) \({}^{\star}\) & 13,963.36 (4552.24) & 15,248.26 (5045.80) & 19,161.78 (5029.55) \\ \hline Bone mineral density (g/cm\({}^{2}\)), mean, (SD) & & & \\ \hline Head BMD (HDBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 2.23 (0.38) & 2.20 (0.36) & 2.13 (0.44) & 1.88 (0.35) \\ \hline Left arm BMD (LABMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.81 (0.08) & 0.77 (0.07) & 0.64 (0.07) & 0.61 (0.07) \\ \hline Right arm BMD (LABMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.82 (0.07) & 0.77 (0.07) & 0.65 (0.07) & 0.62 (0.06) \\ \hline Left Rib BMD (LRibBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 0.69 (0.09) & 0.65 (0.08) & 0.60 (0.09) & 0.57 (0.08) \\ \hline Right Rib BMD (RRibBMD) & 0.69 (0.08) & 0.66 (0.09) & 0.60 (0.08) & 0.59 (0.07) \\ \hline Thoracic spine BMD (TSBMD) & 0.92 (0.15) & 0.90 (0.19) & 0.76 (0.14) & 0.69 (0.11) \\ \hline Lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD) & 1.06 (0.24) & 1.04 (0.23) & 0.95 (0.27) & 1.06 (0.61) \\ \hline Pelvis BMD (PlvBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 1.08 (0.15) & 1.02 (0.19) & 0.98 (0.16) & 0.91 (0.11) \\ \hline Left leg BMD (LLBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 1.23 (0.16) & 1.17 (0.21) & 1.01 (0.12) & 0.94 (0.11) \\ \hline Right leg BMD (RLBMD) \({}^{\star}\) & 1.22 (0.14) & 1.14 (0.12) & 1.01 (0.14) & 1.02 (0.28) \\ \hline Total BMD without the head (TBMDWH) & 1.00 (0.10) & 0.95 (0.11) & 0.83 (0.10) & 0.80 (0.09) \\ \hline Total BMD (TBMD) & 1.16 (0.12) & 1.11 (0.12) & 1.02 (0.13) & 0.95 (0.10) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p<0.05\) and \({}^{\dagger}p<0.0001\) indicate significant difference between the men and women using the two-sample \(t\)-test.  
The results are presented as the means (standard deviation) or as the number of participants N (\%).  
\end{table}