## 5 Decontamination of Chemical Pollutants  
The problem of surface and ground water pollution with toxic chemicals is a significant challenge globally [98]. Plasma-generated RONS has been widely used to remove many toxic chemicals, including organic compounds, phenol, organic dyes, and pesticides [98]. Among the available plasma sources, NTAAP can eliminate toxins in polluted water without forming any secondary contaminants, making it a practical choice to solve this challenge [89]. [PERSON] et al. [98] described the fabrication of a DBD plasma device at atmospheric pressure to eliminate harmful toxins in liquid media. The destruction of bisphenol A and tributyltin in distilled water using the DBD reactor was demonstrated. The use of DBD enables plasma to operate with AC for ignition. It is normal for the elimination efficiency to decrease in actual wastewater treatment. However, DBD plasma reactor treatment provides fast elimination without external species such as O\({}_{3}\) and H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) or pH adjustment. DBD plasmas have gained popularity in this regard due to their stability under ambient conditions, easy operation, and large discharge areas [99]. It has been shown that in this method, many chemical and physical (e.g., UV and shock wave formation) conditions can, either directly or indirectly, lead to the destruction of organic compounds, and the contributions of these agents are strongly related to the parameters of the discharge plasma. [PERSON] et al. [99] described the kinetics of dimethoate and dichlorvos destruction using a DBD device. The discharge power and DBD device structure significantly affected the destruction efficiency. The findings of this study indicated that a higher destruction efficiency can be achieved with a smaller gap distance and greater discharge power. Moreover, the authors showed that RONS in DBD reactors can have significant effects on pesticide degradation. Specifically, the destruction of organophosphate pesticide with different initial concentrations in water was investigated. The results indicated that with increasing  
Figure 7: Action of NTAPP on bacterial sterilization (reprinted from [97], Copyright Elsevier (2017)). initial concentration, the pesticide decomposition rate decreased. This finding could be of great significance for the development of a sewage remedy including organophosphate pesticides. In the wastewater treatment industry, saline dye wastewater treatment is one of the principal approaches. [PERSON] et al. [100] reported the effects of various destruction parameters on saline and azo dye destruction in liquid media using glow discharge. The results illustrated that this technology could turn into a technology for treating saline dye wastewater. The results indicated that the electrolyte, initial C. I. Acid Red 73 (AR 73) concentration, and initial pH significantly affected the degradation of AR 73. The reduction of the parameters improved the AR 73 degradation results. The existence of organic pollutants in water has caused substantial concern owing to the adverse effects on the environment and human beings. The elimination of pharmaceutical components in water using NTAPP has gained significant attention due to the occurrence of these contaminants in surface water and occasionally even in drinking water [101; 102]. Industrial pollutants in contaminated groundwater generally release volatile organic complexes, such as m-xylene and toluene, into the neighboring regions [103]. In this regard, [PERSON] et al. [104] developed a method in which a combination of air stripping and used an NTAPP-based technique in the destruction of m-xylene and toluene in wastewater. To optimize the performance of the NTAPP reactor, the response surface methodology was applied to investigate the interactions between distinct parameters. The experimental model calculations and removal efficacy had errors of approximately 2.16% and 1.25% for m-xylene and toluene, respectively. This developed model could satisfactorily fit the experimental data [104].