# Network Structure and Synergy Characteristics in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
## 5 Conclusions and Implications
### Implications  
This study deepens the understanding of factor flow mechanisms within urban agglomerations and offers both theoretical insights and practical guidance for advancing coordinated regional development and optimizing resource allocation. In response to development bottlenecks arising from spatial mismatches between logistics and capital flows, three targeted policy recommendations are proposed to enhance the Greater Bay Area's overall operational efficiency and level of integrated development. (1) Strengthen the functional capacity of core cities, boost the competitiveness of secondary cities, and advance synergistic development of the logistics network. At present, the logistics network of the Greater Bay Area is heavily concentrated around Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, leaving secondary cities relatively marginalized and resulting in low resource flow efficiency. To address this imbalance, the transportation hub capacities of core cities should be further leveraged by developing modern multimodal transit centers, integrating port-rail-road systems, and enhancing cargo circulation efficiency. Simultaneously, policy instruments such as financial subsidies and tax incentives should be utilized to encourage enterprises in lower-efficiency cities, such as Jiangmen and Zhaoqing, to invest in logistics infrastructure. This can improve their integration into the regional logistics network, elevate their operational capacity, and narrow the development gap between core and secondary cities. Ultimately, such measures will foster a more balanced and resilient intra-regional logistics system. (2) Redirect capital flows from core to secondary cities to facilitate industrial upgrading and balanced financial resource allocation. The study reveals a pronounced siphon effect within the Greater Bay Area's capital flow network, with financial resources heavily concentrated in core cities such as Hong Kong and Shenzhen. This capital centralization imposes constraints on industrial expansion and development in secondary cities. To mitigate this imbalance, targeted policies should promote the redistribution of financial capital toward manufacturing-oriented cities such as Dongguan and Foshan. Instruments, including dedicated industrial transformation funds and preferential tax schemes, can incentivize capital inflows, catalyze industrial upgrading, and extend regional value chains. Additionally, establishing a regional capital-sharing platform to integrate financial assets across Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao would enhance financing accessibility for small and medium-sized enterprises. This platform would reduce transactional costs, improve capital allocation efficiency, and bolster the absorptive capacity of secondary cities. Collectively, these measures would support the optimal deployment of financial resources and foster coordinated economic advancement throughout the region. (3) Establish cross-regional synergy mechanisms, advance institutional innovation, and facilitate seamless resource flows to promote integrated regional development. The concentration of high-intensity logistics and capital flows among core cities in the Greater Bay Area reflects a relatively barrier-free environment, but also highlights a lack of broader institutional coordination across the region. To address this, cross-regional policy frameworks, resource allocation mechanisms, and technical standards must be unified to create a robust institutional foundation for cooperation. In logistics, efforts should focus on harmonizing regulatory standards and enhancing coordination in cross-border goods transportation. In the financial domain, progressively relaxing constraints on capital movement across jurisdictions will improve flexibility and ease of access for both enterprises and individuals.