## 1 Introduction
Additionally, PN-N-18001:2004, which has been replaced by PN-ISO 45001:2024 [13; 14], introduced the definition of a burdensome factor as a factor whose impact on a worker may cause discomfort or excessive fatigue but does not lead to permanent deterioration of health. An essential standardization act in the field of hazard identification is the Standard ISO 12100-1:2012 [15]. This standard defines risk assessment principles related to machine safety and provides a hazard classification. It is particularly applicable to machine design and identifies the following hazard categories:  
* Mechanical hazards;
* Electrical hazards;
* Thermal hazards;
* Hazards caused by noise;
* Hazards caused by vibrations;
* Hazards caused by radiation;
* Hazards related to materials and substances (e.g., chemical and dust hazards, fire and explosion risks, biological hazards);
* Hazards resulting from non-compliance with ergonomic design principles;
* Hazards caused by machines (e.g., physical and mental workload, human errors);
* Slips, trips, and falls;
* Combination of hazards;
* Hazards related to the environment in which the machine is used (e.g., temperature, wind, snow, lighting conditions). Due to the specific nature of mining hazards, their identification must also consider natural hazards, which are defined as follows [16]: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Legal Sources—Measurable** & **Statistics List and Reports:** & **Accident Investigation Analyses** \\
**Physical Factors** & **Z-10 Workplace Conditions Hazards** & **Accident Investigation Analyses** \\ \hline chemical substances & chemical substances (toxic, irritating, sensitizing, carcinogenic, mutagenic) & structural/ergonomic defects of components \\ \hline dust particles & industrial dust (fibrogenic, carcinogenic, others) & incorrect use of equipment, tools, or materials \\ \hline audible and ultrasonic noise & noise & material defects in machinery or tools \\ \hline mechanical vibrations (localized and whole-body) & vibration (mechanical oscillations) & improper operation/maintenance of components \\ \hline hot and cold microclimates & hot microclimate & poor overall work organization \\ \hline optical radiation (non-laser and laser) & cold microclimate & inadequate workplace layout and setup \\ \hline electromagnetic fields and radiation (0-300 ghz) & ionizing radiation & lack of PPE \\ \hline  & laser radiation & improper use of tools, machinery, equipment \\ \hline  & ultraviolet radiation & lack of competence or training \\ \hline  & infrared radiation & sudden illness \\ \hline  & electromagnetic fields & physical discomfort or impairment \\ \hline  & biological agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi) & chronic or acute mental illness \\ \hline  & excessive physical workload & fatigue \\ \hline  & inadequate workplace lighting & emotional distress \\ \hline  & forced body posture, monotonous work & alcohol or drug use \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Classification of identified hazard sources according to the type of analyzed source. Gas hazard--\"A natural hazard in underground gas mines arising from gases accumulated in the rock mass, particularly methane and carbon dioxide, which pose a threat, especially in cases of unexpected and sudden emissions (gas and rock outbursts) or intensified gas release.\"
* Fire hazard--\"The occurrence of open flames in mine workings or the presence of fire gases and smoke in the mine atmosphere originating from underground fires.\"
* Dust hazard--\"A natural hazard in mines resulting from the presence of fine dust in the air, particularly stone dust, which can cause occupational lung diseases (coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis).