# Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Selected Plant Material
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Antioxidant Activity
Contrary to our research, [PERSON] et al. [64] showed that ethyl acetate fractions of _A. europaeum_ rhizome and BHA use as the reference drug showed better antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay than aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. In the case of methanolic extracts of wild raspberry from the central Balkan region, higher antioxidant activity was demonstrated by extracts prepared with the use of leaves rather than fruit [38]. The leaves of the Radziejow variety also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity determined with the FRAP method [37]. The high content of polyphenic compounds in plant extracts is often correlated with their significant antioxidant activity [45]. Our study also showed a noticeable correlation between the antioxidant activity and the TPC of the aqueous ethanolic extracts obtained from the selected plant material (Table 4). The coefficient of Pearson correlation between total phenolic contents and DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity and FRAP were 0.966, 0.957 and 0.903, respectively. The results of all antioxidant activity assays correlated positively with each other (r = 0.819-0.972). A high linear correlation was achieved between the results of the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. In contrast, a lower correlation coefficient was observed between the results obtained for the ABTS and FRAP methods. Correlation analysis showed that antioxidant activity of _C. incanus_ was strongly correlated to TPC, total flavonoids and total phenolic acids content [47]. The correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH method was also reported for aqueous extracts obtained from two _Cistus_ species growing in Croatia [57]. In contrast, the FRAP assay did not show a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in this study. On the other hand, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [37] found a high correlation (r = 0.93) between the antioxidant activity determined by FRAP and the content of polyphenic compounds in _Rubus ideas_ extracts. In [PERSON] et al. [52], the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Plant Material**} & **DPPH** & **IC\({}_{50}\) DPPH** & **ABTS** & **IC\({}_{50}\) ABTS** & **FRAP** **(mmol TE/g of** **(ug/mL)** & **(nmol TE/g of** **Extract)** \\ \hline _C. incanus_ & 2.52 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 9.24 \(\pm\) 0.08 h & 3.58 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 10.59 \(\pm\) 0.72 s & 1.82 \(\pm\) 0.05 a \\ \hline _M. alha_ & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.01 s & 43.85 \(\pm\) 1.49 b & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.01 f & 75.62\(\pm\) 2.80 b & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.01 d \\ \hline _G. urbanum_ & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.02 b & 20.27\(\pm\) 0.14 s & 2.97 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & 14.60 \(\pm\) 0.88 f & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.02 b \\ \hline _A. europaeum_ & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.01 f & 38.52 \(\pm\) 1.17 c & 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.04 e & 43.6 \(\pm\) 2.05 c & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 d \\ \hline _R. idaeus_ & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.01 d & 31.26 \(\pm\) 0.62 e & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.03 e & 45.3 \(\pm\) 1.44 c & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.02 b \\ \hline _A. archangelica_ & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.01 h & 58.91 \(\pm\) 2.07 a & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.01 f & 86.54 \(\pm\) 3.24 a & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 d \\ \hline _B. pendula_ & 0.48 \(\pm\) 0.01 e & 36.72 \(\pm\) 1.04 d & 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.04 d & 37.1 \(\pm\) 0.95 d & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.02 c \\ \hline _M. officinalis_ & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.01 c & 29.75 \(\pm\) 0.80 f & 1.11 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & 33.6 \(\pm\) 1.27 e & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.01 c \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Means with different lowercase letters (a-h) within the same column indicate a significant difference at the significance level of 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Antioxidant activity of the plant extracts determined by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. correlation coefficient between phenolic compounds present in mulberry leaves using DPPH and FRAP assays was higher than phenolic content and ABTS scavenging ability. A negative correlation was observed between kaempfer-malonyl-glucose content and the DPPH and FRAP tests. In addition, no significant correlations were found between the DPPH and FRAP values for all analyzed mulberry extracts [23].