# Advancing the State of the Fog Computing to Enable 5G Network Technologies
## 9 Conclusions  
Fog computing (FC) is one of the technologies which has gained rapid growth in a brief period. FC enables the effective processing of data retrieved from smart devices. It brings computing paradigm from the cloud to the edge of the network with computing capabilities. However, massive data generation from numerous sensors and actuators in the Internet of Things (IoT) has first networks to a bottleneck. Thus, the need for an improved computing server architecture to handle the continuous growing demands of smart devices is pertinent. A better model is required to enable smart devices to be able to use the on-going 5 th Generation (5G) networks. 5G network is envisaged to enable rich connections as well as smarter data processing on user devices. It is the key to an autonomous world of computing, where user devices can operate independently with direct human control. Therefore, in this study, some cases of fog computing on 5G networks are discussed. Currently, using FC technology in 5G systems is has much vision, and the same goes for the 5G network itself. Therefore, to actualize this vision, a few of the research areas needs to address. The concept of Network Function Virtualization (NFC) in heterogeneous networks using FC as an enabler to 5G is not clear in the present times since there is a need for improvement in implementing NFV for mobile communication networks as explored in earlier studies.  
Moreover, a large amount of energy is required for the processing of more substantial applications. Minimizing energy consumption is a key for commercializing FC technology in 5G systems. Another challenge is the pricing policies because different parties require different prices of resources for the use of FC services. Thus, finely granulated accounting management and price policy are needed in resource management of the FC and 5G ecosystem. Finally, the issue of visibility of data to the third party by 5G networks makes privacy and security a pertinent point in FC architectures. These issues and challenges can be addressed using FC in 5G networks. It is evident that both technologies, i.e., is FC and 5G, are compatible with each other. However, combining both concepts is envisaged to be the future of Internet services. The present study aims to find a better solution and a more sustainable future for humanity.  
Conceptualization, Y.M. and M.A.N.; methodology, Y.M.; validation, M.A.N., R.A. and A.O.A.; formal analysis, M.A.N.; resources, H.S.K.; data curation, M.A.N.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.M. and M.A.N.; writing--review and editing, R.A. and H.S.K; supervision, R.A. and H.S.K.; project administration, H.S.K.; funding acquisition, H.S.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2019R1A4A1023746, No. 2019R1F1A1060799) and Strengthening R&D Capability Program of Sejong University  
We thank to all the cited authors and researchers for their valuable information related to our study.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:  
FG Fog Computing  
5G Fifth Generation  
IoT Internet of Thing  
3 GPP Generation Partnership Project  
eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband  
URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications  
uMTC ultra-Machine Type Communications  
mmTC massive Machine Type Communications  
LPWA Low Power Wide Area  
URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low Latency  
SDN Software Defined Networking  
5G Infrastructure Public-Private Partnership  
NDN Named Data Networking  
API Application Programing Interface  
MBS Macro-cell-Based Station  
EAN European Article Number  
EPC Electronic Product Code