## 4 Content Analysis and Data Mining
### Group 3: Energy Management and Artificial Intelligence
#### 4.3.3 Care Systems
The medical devices, such as pulse and muscle sensor, temperature sensor, fall detection sensor working with an accelerometer, and energy-related devices, such as smart relays smart plugs and energy harvesting sensors; LED and servo motors for proof of concept (PoC); the Kamstrup OMNIA suite in energy monitoring and control service to provide efficient interoperability with a network of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI); a home gateway for energy created by a Danish company called Develco with embedded ZigBee attached to an ARM9 CPU that maintains a Linux OS; and a JAVA EE application ported with GAMS solvers are utilized to go through the optimization algorithms. System evaluation and operation stages: At the first step of the proposed system validation, two elementary algorithms related to the fall detection and temperature evaluation are developed. Fall detection is detected by a three-axis accelerometer ADXL330 board, and the algorithm is proposed to detect a quick variation of accelerometer and sends an alert to the application layer, and values are collected every 2 s. A LED light is also lit in a fall detection situation. A button with a 30 s-time limit is given to the patient for terminating fault alerts. The values in a calibration function are gathered every 1 ms. Well-being monitoring is conducted by pulse sensor and body temperature sensor, pulse sensor takes age and activity features and sends alert to health providers in case of abnormal heartbeat (beyond 60-100 bpm), and the same procedure takes place in temperature sensor with a body temperature above 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Energy monitoring is operated with an EMS by gathering information on task operating status, user's demand, and signals collected through the AMI system. The physical layer in AMI consists of smart meters and data concentrators in order to collect the measured data and provides a dataset with time steps that are synchronized using a network time protocol (NTP) server. The communication between data concentrators and smart meters is based on EN 13757-5 standard that applies a radio mesh topography. The utility layer in AMI combines the logical software presented by the Kamstrup OMNIA suite with the AMI network. This software communicates with a data concentrator over the Internet and employs all the necessary back-end processes for system configuration along with on-demand operation performing to achieve the periodic records. A multi-criteria decision-making issue is solved by EMS with balancing energy saving and a comfortable lifestyle. The reliability of the system is conducted by finding undetected sensors and using a fault tolerance database. In case of missing or undetected sensor, an alert is shown on the visualization interface. To provide high availability and redundancy to a dataset in case of the primary database, log goes down, and the NoSQL database MongoDB called'replica set' is implemented that enables the recovery of data by creating copies of such data on multiple database servers. The implementation process is as follows: Hardware implementation is made by using smart plugs on appliances, and their energy consumption data is transferred to the energy home gateway via ZigBee. A smart meter measures the total consumption and is transferred to a data concentrator to provide the utility with the demand description for the billing scheme. The application features a RESTful API to allow acquisition and actuation of data achieved by smart meters. On the well-being hardware implementation, a PoC platform of e-health is developed. At first, the patient's vital signs are collected from sensors and then are connected to 2 Arduinos UNO; Arduino 1 measures the heart rate and activity of muscles and also detects the patient's distance to the platform by using an ultrasound sensor. Green and red LEDs are used, showing heartbeat frequency and abnormality, respectively. Arduino 2 measures body temperature and detects a fall. A red LED is also provided in case of fall detection.