# Influencing Factors of Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Hail City, Saudi Arabia
## 2 Literature Review
Their investigation highlighted the need for customized communication techniques by identifying various behavioral and cultural elements that impact EV adoption. Ultrafast charging, wireless technologies, and intelligent ecosystems are all part of the future, which calls for cooperative solutions to grid capacity and standardization issues. [PERSON] et al. [36] discussed the infrastructure for charging electric vehicles and how it connects to the grid. Additionally, there was a complete examination of the advantages and disadvantages of each component of current grid integration and charging infrastructure. This paper included insights into methods for overcoming current barriers and suggestions for further research. The authors stated that developing electric vehicle charging infrastructure in the future necessitates a thorough and cooperative approach. By resolving standardization issues, bolstering security measures, adopting innovative safety practices, promoting the sustainability of electronic waste, and making user-centric research a top priority, the electric vehicle industry may clear the way for a safe, open, and environmentally friendly future. To ensure a stable electricity supply to EVCSs in the Cukurova region of Adana, Turkey, [PERSON] et al. [37] investigated various hybrid system scenarios using HOMER Pro 3.14.2. According to the authors, the scenario with a levelized cost of energy of USD 0.0215 and a total net present cost of USD 611,283.50 was the most practicable system. In total, 1507 MWh of energy was produced, and 1420 MWh was consumed annually. The system's payback period is shortened because the energy produced is more than what is obtained from the grid. These results demonstrate how renewable hybrid systems might improve EVCS performance in solar-rich areas economically and sustainably. [PERSON] et al. [38] investigated how economic, technological, commercial, governmental, social, and environmental aspects affected China's public electric charging infrastructure from the viewpoint of its consumers. The study's findings included the following conclusions: first, the demand for public charging infrastructure will not be significantly increased by lowering operating costs; second, technical considerations cannot directly encourage the development of public charging infrastructure; and third, that the primary driver of the electric car industry's growth is the expanding market demand, whilst the social environment and incentive policies can also indirectly encourage the construction of public charging infrastructure. The ability of distribution networks to manage the higher electricity load from the increasing number of EVs is a significant concern, and this can be significantly worse in some places, as noted by [PERSON] et al. [39]. The authors demonstrated the urgent need to fortify distribution networks because of the impending advent of EV development. The infrastructure needs for fast charging in Sweden and Norway were examined by [PERSON] et al. [40]. They concluded that connecting a charging station to the nearby electrical grid was a significant obstacle. The authors stated that one 150 kW fast-charging station may be found for every 1000 electric vehicles. The findings suggest that they may be financially successful if these stations are close to commercial and service buildings. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [41] also demonstrated the need to build strategic infrastructure to deal with the expected rise in EV adoption for Hail City, Saudi Arabia. The authors reported that a 1047.35 kWp PV system has an expected profitability of 11.69 years, and they also calculated the CO\({}_{2}\) savings. From the above, it is clear that there are numerous studies on EVs, the use of solar energy, their impact on the grid, and their economic as well as environmental benefits. However, further research is needed into the factors affecting charging stations and the integration of solar energy systems in hot regions such as the Arabian Gulf. The importance of this study lies in filling this gap.