# A New Generation of Fast and Low-Memory Smart Digital/Geometrical Beamforming MIMO Antenna
## 1 Introduction
The simulation results show a significant improvement of the directional field and power gains of the proposed system over existing systems. The technique proposed in this paper avoids the usual, costly exercise of adding additional hardware per antenna element (mixers, filters, power amplifiers, etc.) to obtain a high antenna gain. The very significant increase in the power gain is achieved by the smart geometrical arrangement of the MIMO antenna elements and their phase angle optimization. Another advantage of this new MIMO technique is its significantly higher power gain that circumvents the technological limitations and high cost of conventional mmWave electronics to obtain phase shift for every antenna element. Therefore, the technique proposed herein will reduce the cost as well as the complexity of the electronics required. MIMO beamforming falls under the following categories: analog beamforming, digital beamforming, hybrid (analog/digital) beamforming, and lens-based hybrid beamforming [12]. Analog beamforming is used to improve the signal at the RF level, while digital beamforming is used to improve the signal at the baseband level. The technique presented herein may be the beginning of a new category of MIMO beamforming, which we like to classify as digital/geometrical beamforming. This new digital/geometrical MIMO system can increase the capacity and coverage of wireless links by using a number of beams that can be directed to almost any direction [13]. We assume that this new approach can help overcome some of the following challenges of mmWave 5G and 6G networks: point-to-point predominantly line of sight (LOS) communication, high data rates requiring high network overheads, mobility support, and high user density. With radio networks consuming about 80% of the electric power supplied to mobile networks, the MIMO antenna presented herein is also highly energy efficient, making it an attractive tool in MIMO technology, since MIMO antennas do present an energy consumption problem. The approach presented in this paper is a novel method of beamforming that utilizes non-numerical optimization techniques to achieve the desired beam. Specifically, the method uses a phase shift technique to manipulate the signal propagation and receiving, allowing for the rapid movement of the beam to new positions without the need for repeated numerical optimizations. This approach offers a significant advantage over traditional methods of beamforming, which rely on probabilistic signal processing techniques that can be time consuming and computationally intensive. By using this innovative technique, the proposed method enables efficient and effective beamforming, making it an important contribution to the field of wireless communication systems. In Section 2, we describe the specific construction of the new digital/geometrical MIMO system, both at the transmitter end and the receiver ends, and the geometrical model of the proposed MIMO system. This section also explains how the nonlinearly positioned MIMO antenna in space can be used to form and steer beams by merely shifting the geometric angles of the positions of the elements relative to each other. Since this requires no additional computations, the beams may be steered rapidly. In addition, when the dipole antenna elements are parallel to each other in the MIMO transmitter or receiver, the current elements are parallel to each other, and the vectors of the currents do not come into play. However, in future work, the relative tilt of the transmitter MIMO system with respect to the receiver MIMO system needs to be accounted for. In Section 3, details of the beamforming and beamsteering approach in the new digital/geometrical MIMO system are given. These equations form the basis of the computer code that is developed to carry out both beamforming and beamsteering. The paper focuses on the generation of a single beam, and not multiple beams, although this technique may be readily extended to multiple beams.