## 6 Conclusions  
We aim to promote the use of radar satellites, especially Sentinel-1, to improve the monitoring capacity of mining stakeholders. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of using the Sentinel-1 constellation to complement the ground motion monitoring system in the Riotinto mine. After processing both ascending and descending C-band radar images for the period 2015-2017, we successfully integrated them via projection to a common reference system. The proposed integration method managed to provide a joint dataset with complementary gaps filled and consistent measurements in intersection areas. Four main deformation zones are mapped, two of them unknown before this analysis, and displacement mechanisms are proposed for each of them. The displacements detected in areas under surveillance are in a remarkable correlation with terrestrial observations. The major displacements in the Atalaya pit are interpreted as a block slide restricted to the fault zone. Velocities up to 11 cm/y are observed, in a good correlation with the local GNSS network. Minor debris slides are also observed related to collapsed terraces in direction N-S, which is consistent with the visual observation even though they occur in the direction of low sensitivity for Sentinel-1. These results, coupled with the autonomy to provide high-quality unbiased data repeatedly at low cost, show the outstanding potential of Sentinel-1 to complement and improve ground monitoring systems. As for the limitations to consider, Sentinel-1 measures displacements only in the line of sight (moving away or approaching the satellite), they have a spatial resolution in the limit of the needs of the mining sector, and they lose information due to signal decorrelation in terrains under intense transformation. Therefore, Sentinel-1 measurements need to be integrated with ground-based observations to build an efficient early warning system. We are currently working on the automation of processing tools to integrate Sentinel-1 into the Riotinto mine  
Figure 13: Zoom in the surface deformation map on the Atalaya pit. The block slide seems to be limited by the fracture zone (black lines) and the contact of the massive sulfides with the siliciclastic sediments of the Culm Group (thick blue line). Apart from the major displacements in the eastern wall, other minor displacements in the south wall seem related to debris slides of collapsed terraces. control system and thus contribute to a safe and sustainable supply of mineral resources necessary for the technological transition. Conceptualization, J.E. and I.M. ; methodology, I.M., J.E. and J.F. ; software, J.E. and I.M. ; validation, F.T. and A.F. ; formal analysis, D.M. and R.C. ; investigation, J.E. and I.M. ; resources, A.F. and F.T. ; data curation, D.M. and R.C. ; writing--original draft preparation, I.M. and J.E. ; writing--review and editing, D.M, F.T., A.F., R.C., M.S. and J.F. ; visualization, I.M. and J.E. ; supervision, J.F. and M.S. ; project administration, J.F. and M.S. ; funding acquisition, J.F. and M.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was mainly funded by Copernicus (EC DG-GROW) and EIT RawMaterials through the RawMatCop program, grant number 248/G/GRO/COPE/16/9007 and 271/G/GRO/COPE/17/10036. Another important source of funding was the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion research project DEEP-MAPS, grant agreement number RTI2018-093874-B-I00. Data Availability Statement: Copernicus Sentinel data [2015,2016,2017], retrieved from Copernicus Open Access Hub, and processed by ESA. This work has been supported by Atalaya Mining facilitating access and logistics to the mine, as well as providing the necessary data to complete the study. On the other hand, we sincerely thank all the members of the RawMatCop team for their support and enriching contributions. We would like to thank DARES S.L. for providing us with the A-DInSAR processing software. M.S.