## 5 Results and Calculation Examples
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Frequency** & **Nominal** & \(G_{\text{ant}}\) & \(G_{\text{ant}}\) & \(P_{\text{RXth}}\) at & \(SG_{a}=SG+2G_{\text{ant}}\) \\
**Band** & \(P_{\text{TX}}\) & \(\square\)**20 cm** & **o 30 cm** & \(BER=10^{-6}\) & \(\square\)**20 cm** & **o 30 cm** \\
**(GHz)** & **(dBm)** & **(dBi)** & **(dBi)** & **(dBi)** & **(dBm)** & **(dB)** & **(dB)** \\ \hline
58 & 5 & 36 & 41.5 & \(-\)74 & 146 & 157 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Transmit power, antenna gain, and receiver threshold of the calculated 58 GHz links. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Frequency** & **Nominal** & \(G_{\text{ant}}\) & \(G_{\text{ant}}\) & \(P_{\text{RXth}}\) at & \(SG_{a}=SG+2G_{\text{ant}}\) \\
**Band** & \(P_{\text{TX}}\) & **o 30 cm** & **o 60 cm** & \(BER=10^{-6}\) & **o 30 cm** & **o 60 cm** \\
**(GHz)** & **(dBm)** & **(dBi)**1, 2** & **(dBi)**1, 3** & **(dBm)** & **(dB)** & **(dB)** \\ \hline
13 & 20 & 30.9 & 35.8 & \(-\)74 & 155.8 & 165.6 \\
15 & 18 & 32.1 & 36.8 & \(-\)76 & 158.2 & 167.6 \\
18 & 18 & 34.2 & 38.7 & \(-\)73 & 159.4 & 168.4 \\
23 & 18 &  
In the calculations, 1 GHz RF bandwidth was selected. Three antenna configurations and different modulation modes were compared (from binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) to 128-QAM). The \(\omega\) 12-cm antenna was integrated with the ODU (see Figure 7a). The one-foot and two-foot antennas were slip-mounted. Figure 16 plots the calculation results. As seen, depending on the antenna size and modulation used, the links can operate in distances of 1-4 km with \(A\) = 99.99% availability in the K rain zone. Calculations show that the predicted behavior is very similar for horizontal and vertical polarization in the E band (Figure 16d), which needs to be experimentally verified by long-term measurements. Finally, the curves, such as that shown in Figure 16e, help to decide the minimum  
Figure 14: Recommended hop lengths as a function of rainfall intensity. (**a**) Hops with vertical polarization, 34 Mbit/s, 14 MHz, and \(\omega\) 60 cm dishes. For the 58 GHz link, \(\omega\) 30 cm dishes are used in the calculations. (**b**) Hops with horizontal polarization, 34 Mbit/s, 14 MHz, and \(\omega\) 60 cm dishes. Figure 15: Recommended hop lengths as a function of rainfall intensity. (**a**) Hops with vertical polarization, 34 Mbit/s, 14 MHz, and \(\omega\) 30 cm dishes. In the 58 GHz band, 20 cm rectangular antennas are used. (**b**) Hops with horizontal polarization, 34 Mbit/s, 14 MHz, and \(\omega\) 30 cm dishes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Modulation** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Nominal** \\ **P\({}_{\text{TX}}\)** \\ **(dBm)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **\(G_{\text{ant}}\)** \\ **(dBi)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **\(G_{\text{ant}}\)** \\ **(dBi)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **\(G_{\text{ant}}\)** \\ **(dBi)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **\(P_{\text{RXth}}\)** \\ **(dBm)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **\(SG_{\text{a}}\) = \(SG\) + \(2G_{\text{ant}}\)** \\ **(dBm)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline BPSK 1/4 & 16 & & & & & \(-76.4\) & \(168.4\) & \(178.6\) & \(194.2\) \\ BPSK 1/2 & 16 & & & & \(-73.4\) & \(165.4\) & \(175.6\) & \(191.2\) \\ BPSK & 16 & & & & \(-70.4\) & \(162.4\) & \(172.6\) & \(188.2\) \\ QPSK & 16 & 38 & 43.1 & 50.9 & & \(-67.4\) & \(159.4\) & \(169.6\) & \(185.2\) \\
16-QAM & 14 & & & & \(-60.8\) & \(150.8\) & \(161.0\) & \(176.6\) \\
32-QAM & 14 & & & & \(-57.7\) & \(147.7\) & \(157.9\) & \(173.5\) \\
64-QAM & 13.5 & & & & \(-55.2\) & \(144.7\) & \(154.9\) & \(170.5\) \\
128-QAM & 12.5 & & & & \(-51.8\) & \(140.3\) & \(150.5\) & \(166.1\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Transmit power, antenna gain and receiver threshold of the calculated 80 GHz links. BPSK—binary phase-shift keying; QPSK—quadrature phase-shift keying; QAM—quadrature amplitude modulation.