## 4 Discussion
The value of the operating velocity as well as the jamming density is higher than that in the unconnected environment when the traffic flow breaks away from the free-flow state. These positive effects of the GPV information are enhanced with more drivers' attention attached to the GPV information. It is noteworthy that the enhancement rate of these positive effects, as shown in Tables 3 and 4, is getting lower as drivers pay more attention to the GPV information. This is consistent with the characteristics that the driver pays attention to the GPV information rather than focusing on the information when he/she is in the car-following state. The impacts of disturbance on the traffic flow affected by the GPV information in the V2X environment were explored with simulation based on the TFSF. The results reveal that the traffic flow operates with higher velocity than that in the unconnected environment before exerting the disturbance, which is consist with the above results. After exerting the disturbance, the time for the traffic flow affected by the GPV information to return to an equilibrium and stable state is shorter than that in the unconnected environment, and the traffic flow affected by the GPV information could operate with higher velocity when returned to an equilibrium and stable state. The deviation of the operation state of the traffic flow affected by the GPV information in the V2X environment is smaller than that in the unconnected environment. These results confirm the positive effects of the GPV information on the traffic flow in the V2X environment. The TFSF proposed in this work is essentially an extended one-dimension three-lane CA model with good expansibility, which ensures the TFSF is suitable for simulating the traffic flow affected by various information in the V2X environment with some adjustment of the parameters or rules in it. As shown in Figure 3, the expansibility of TFSF means that the TFSF can be used in simulating the operation characteristics of traffic flow affected by various information in the V2X environment by setting the parameters about the scenario as well as the vehicle fleet, the initialization and evolution rules of cellular states and the generation as well as annihilation rules of cellular states according to the research needs. Adjusting the parameters about the scenario and the vehicle fleet can make the TFSF suitable for simulating the traffic flow in various systems with different scales. Changing the initialization and evolution rules of the cellular state can give TFSF the ability to simulate the traffic flow affected by the various connected information. For instance, setting Equation (11) of the evolution rules of the cellular state according to the calculation formula given in [28] can give TFSF the ability to simulate the traffic flow affected by the average velocity information of the arbitrary number of preceding vehicles in the current lane. The TFSF proposed in this work can be utilized in simulating the traffic flow under the open boundary condition by altering the generation and annihilation rules of cellular states. This work focuses on the impacts of connected technologies on the transportation system. By means of numerical simulation, the positive effects of the GPV information on the operation characteristics of traffic flow in the V2X environment and the impacts of different degrees of drivers' attention to the connected information on these positive effects were quantitatively analyzed, which can provide a reference for the design and management of the transportation system with new connected technologies. An approach to link the macro-characteristics of traffic flow to the micro-characteristics of driving behavior was proposed, and it can be employed in exploring the operating characteristics of traffic flow in different development stages of the V2X technology.