## 5 Discussion
### Main Trends and Concerns
By combining real-time data from IoT sensors with digital twin models, logistics companies can leverage predictive analytics to predict future trends, identify emerging risks, and proactively address potential issues. This proactive approach enhances resilience, flexibility, and responsiveness in the face of dynamic market conditions [84]. Absolutely, the concept of Human-Centered Technological Transformation emphasizes that technology should be designed and implemented in a way that complements and enhances human skills and capabilities. It is not just about introducing new technologies into the workplace but also about ensuring that these technologies are user-friendly and intuitive and add value to the tasks and processes they are designed to support. This approach recognizes that the success of technological transformation depends largely on its acceptance by the people who will use it. Therefore, understanding the needs, preferences, and limitations of the workforce is crucial. This can be achieved through methods such as user research, usability testing, and iterative design. Moreover, training and support should be provided to help the workforce adapt to new technologies. This can help to alleviate any fears or resistance that may arise due to the introduction of new technologies and can also help to ensure that the workforce is able to use the technology effectively and efficiently [85]. The integration of Logistics 4.0 with Industry 4.0 processes and systems can lead to significant benefits. This collaboration can create a synergistic relationship between shippers, manufacturers, and end users, leading to improved efficiency, transparency, and customer satisfaction because both Logistics 4.0 and Industry 4.0 are heavily data-driven. By sharing data between systems, organizations can gain a more complete understanding of their operations and make more informed decisions. At the same time, Logistics 4.0 technologies can provide real-time tracking of goods. When integrated with Industry 4.0 systems, this can enable real-time visibility of the entire supply chain, from production to delivery [86]. It should be noted that the journey towards Industry 4.0 and Logistics 4.0 is fraught with challenges that extend beyond the technical and operational aspects. Therefore, by addressing these challenges proactively and holistically, logistics companies can navigate the complexities of technological transformation while promoting sustainability, equity, and innovation in their industry [86]. In summary, there are three key challenges that logistics companies need to consider, according to the literature. The first is related to the development and training of human resources. Training workers and developing their skills to meet the changing needs of new types of work developed by the industry is always a major challenge in human resource development. As with all previous \"revolutions\" in industrial activity, Industry 4.0 involves complex interactions between humans and machines and leads to the creation of new industries, professions, and forms of employment. The day-to-day responsibilities faced by logistics workers are becoming more difficult as this revolution takes shape [87]. They must become extremely flexible and show adaptive skills in a highly dynamic work environment in order to handle this complexity. As a result, in the near future, the logistics workforce's skills and capabilities must be developed in order to keep up with Industry 4.0 innovations [88]. Four workforce competencies, namely personal, social/interpersonal, action-related, and domain-related, are recognized. Regarding personal skills, there will be a greater need for a workforce that is creative, imaginative, and communicative as a result of a shift away from tedious, taxing, and somewhat \"isolated\" occupations.