# Comparative Analysis of Usability and Accessibility of Kiosks for People with Disabilities
## 2 Literature Review
### Study on Improvement in Kiosk Accessibility  
There are relatively few papers on the accessibility and usability of kiosk devices compared with those on websites or mobile applications. A checklist has been developed to supplement and improve the Information and Communication Accessibility Guidelines for the Disabled and Aged [36]. Additionally, a method has been proposed to quantitatively evaluate accessibility guidelines. The accessibility of public institution kiosks was surveyed; the results revealed that public institution kiosks had a low level of accessibility. The variation in individual kiosks for each checklist item was quite large, which was attributed to differences in the design methods and management for the products. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [48] systematically reviewed the interface of an automated teller machine (ATM) and a methodology for evaluating the usability of tools. The authors selected 12 studies out of 132, and the most used tools and their corresponding frequencies were identified in the selected studies for the usability evaluation. A usability evaluation has been conducted on the interface of a railway self-service terminal based on tests and interviews regarding user performance [49]. The results showed that the elderly had many usability problems with self-service terminals. To solve these problems, it has been recommended that work steps be minimized, appropriate feedback be provided, and a simple interface be designed. Laws and guidelines for the accessibility of unmanned information terminals have been investigated, and the characteristics of each guideline were compared and analyzed based on three types of disabilities and seven accessibility functions [5]. The disability rate for each guideline and accessibility function and the guideline rate for each accessibility function were identified. Accessibility guidelines such as Section 508, the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA), European Accessibility Act (EAA), and WCAG have been analyzed from a UX perspective; additionally, guidelines for developers and designers of IT devices have been analyzed from a UX perspective, and aspects to be considered when developing access guidelines have also been previously presented [25]. [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [4] performed a usability test based on a kiosk with a 3D touch screen in a shopping mall in Turkey; six wayfinding tasks consisting of a shortcut menu, category menu, and search menu were provided to the participant, and the menu selected to perform each task was accordingly identified. The results revealed that most participants failed Task 6 and spent the least amount of time in Task 5. [PERSON] [28] reviewed guidelines for the design of the UI of kiosk systems based on previous studies. Guidelines for kiosk evaluation were provided based on 22 factors, which included physical access, privacy, structure, and navigation. [PERSON] et al. [30] evaluated the UX of high-speed train ticket vending machines in Taiwan. Such a ticket vending machine was evaluated based on the UI design heuristics for public kiosks, and several improvements were proposed. After identifying problems such as language version revision, color, and location in the derived improvements, a UI design heuristic was proposed based on the improvements. The user experience design (UXD) for a kiosk in the Istanbul Public Transport System (IPTS) was presented in [7]. First, a survey was conducted based on methods such as user research and personas, heuristics, and UX tests to derive the main considerations falling under the UXD. Based on this, a usability test was conducted on the prototype, and major improvements were identified. Additionally, the UXD approach was verified using various methods.