## 3 Results
### Leaf Gas Exchange, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Leaf and Stem Water Potential  
All eco-physiological parameters of SWE and CTRL plants in both irrigation regimes resulted similar at t\({}_{0}\), because at this stage treatments with _A. nodosum_ were not performed yet and only the differential irrigation regimes were applied (Table 1). Gas exchanges, water potentials, K\({}_{\text{plant}}\), and RWC showed significant differences after _A. nodosum_ treatments and irrigation regime differentiation, whereas a statistical difference was not detected in F\({}_{\text{v}}\)/F\({}_{\text{m}}\). Lower values of \(P_{n}\), \(g_{s}\), WUE, \(\Psi_{\text{pd}}\), \(\Psi_{\text{stem}}\), and K\({}_{\text{plant}}\) were observed in WS than in WW vines (Table 2). Figure 1: Climate parameters of the experiment location. Monthly averages of mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) and global radiation (RAD, W m\({}^{-2}\)) measured from April to September; in the inset the daily averages of maximum and minimum air temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) measured in August are shown. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Parameter**} & \(\mathbf{P_{a}}\) & \(\mathbf{g_{s}}\) & \(\mathbf{E}\) & **WUE** & \(\mathbf{\Upsilon_{pd}}\) & \(\mathbf{\Upsilon_{sem}}\) & **RWC** & \(\mathbf{K_{plant}}\) & **TA** & **Burgy** & **Cluster** & **Weight** & **Weight/Vine** \\ \hline
**Unit** & **mod m\({}^{-}\) s\({}^{-}\)s\({}^{-}\)** & **mmd m\({}^{-}\) s\({}^{-}\)s\({}^{-}\)** & **mmd m\({}^{-}\) s\({}^{-}\)** & **Mm\({}^{-}\) s\({}^{-}\)** & **MPa** & **MPa** & **\%** & **mmd m\({}^{-}\) s\({}^{-}\)m\({}^{-}\)** & **g\({}^{-}\)** & **g\({}^{-}\)** & **g\({}^{-}\)** \\ \hline
**Treatment** & 8.9152 & 111.0000 & 3.2707 & 2.7522 & -0.6176 & -1.2872 & 73.53083 & 3.24 & 10.4737 & 0.6873 & 52.4 & 312.1 \\
**Nontreated** & 8.1578 & 95.2000 & 2.8696 & 2.8891 & -0.7547 & -1.4228 & 68.6305 & 2.50 & 10.6412 & 0.6826 & 46.1 & 276.7 \\ \hline
**Inrig. Regime** & & & & & & & & & & \\
**WW** & 11.73 & 133.32 & 3.73 & 3.33 & -0.43 & -1.10 & 70.43 & 3.52 & 12.46 & 0.75 & 51.72 & 312.00 \\
**WS** & 5.13 & 71.00 & 2.37 & 2.28 & -0.95 & -1.63 & 71.68 & 2.22 & 9.34 & 0.58 & 46.81 & 289.79 \\ \hline
**Significance** & & & & & & & & & & \\ Treatments & 0.512 & 0.039 & 0.019 & 0.387 & 0.017 & 0.035 & 0.020 & 0.042 & 0.054 & 0.001 & 0.606 & 0.459 \\ Irr. Regime & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.056 & 0.025 & 0.005 & 0.000 & 0.031 & 0.018 \\ Test. x. Inrig. Regime & 0.500 & 0.634 & 0.646 & 0.002 & 0.005 & 0.003 & 0.967 & 0.011 & 0.571 & 0.041 & 0.694 & 0.412 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values are the mean of each parameter, considering treatments and irrigation regime (Inrig. Regime) as factors. In the last 3 rows is indicated the significance. Other abbreviations: net assimilation rate (\(p_{s}\)), stomatal conductance (\(g_{s}\)), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), predrawn water potential (\(\mathbf{\Upsilon_{pd}}\)), midday stem water potential (\(\mathbf{\Upsilon_{sem}}\)), relative water content (RWC), and total acidity (TA).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Leaf gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence in _V. viinifera_ treated with _A. nolasum_ extract (SWE) and untreated plants (CTRL), under two irrigation regimes (WW, well-watered; WS, water stressed). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Parameter**} & \(\mathbf{P_{a}}\) & \(\mathbf{g_{s}}\) & \(\mathbf{E}\) & **WUE** & \(\mathbf{\Upsilon_{pd}}\) & \(\mathbf{\Upsilon_{sem}}\) & **RWC** & \(\mathbf{K_{plant}}\) & **TA** & **Burgy** & **Cluster** & **Weight** & **Weight/Vine** \\ \hline
**Unit** & **mod m\({}^{-}\) s\({}^{-}\)s\({}^{-}\)** & **mmd m\({}^{-}\) s\({}^{-}\)** &  
At t1, similar values of \(P_{n}\) and \(g_{s}\) were observed in SWE than CTRL in both WW and WS vines. At t2, in well-watered vines, SWE plants showed significant higher values of \(P_{n}\) and \(g_{s}\) than CTRL plants, whereas WUE was largely unaffected by \(A\). _nodosum_ treatments.