# Review of Studies on User Research Based on EEG and Eye Tracking
## 4 Application Scope
### Digital Interface
#### 4.2.2 Interface Elements  
Interactive interface elements involve functional icons, colors, positions, and sizes of the interface. In the context of a large amount of information, well-designed icons with appropriate shapes, sizes, and colors can play a role in highlighting task-related information, and reducing conflicts between limited cognitive resources and the complexity of interface information. American cognitive psychologist [PERSON] proposed the design concept of \"emotional design\", which improves the efficiency of conveying interface information while also meeting users' functional and psychological needs. In the study of interface icon elements such as the type, size, and position, [PERSON] et al. [70] found that the visual appeal of icons can effectively affect users' visual attention during the evaluation of icon design in application programs, and that highly aesthetic icon designs have higher visual appeal. In [PERSON]'s [71] series of Oddball experiments, it was observed that the P300 wave amplitude displayed a distinct mapping relationship with cognitive resources, whereas the P300 latency correlated with reaction time. The investigation further unveiled that rectangular-shaped icons demanded greater attentional resources, which ledto improved task accuracy. Conversely, circular-linear icons demonstrated shorter response times and enhanced discriminability. The findings shed light on the relationship between the visual characteristics of icons and the allocation of cognitive resources. In the functional collection interface, whether it is text or graphic elements in the interface, functional icon features are obvious, making the interface simple and easy to search. The interface clues are organized in order to reduce the difficulty of extracting information from the page, and to quickly identify and use it [72]. There have also been studies carried out from the perspective of cognitive load. [PERSON]'s [73] research believes that visual features are an important factor affecting icon cognition and memory. According to the behavior data and ERP data recorded by users in the experiment, the integration of icon and color features has been observed to elicit a significant increase in the amplitude of the P300 component; moreover, the load level under the semantic-color feature binding of icons under memory conditions is more significant; and the more difficult the semantic coding task of icons that is completed, the greater the cognitive load. [PERSON] [74] started from the perspective of cognitive load, and combined this with ERP experiments to explore the impact of icons on users' cognitive emotions. The study revealed that icons with a high aesthetic appeal and low aesthetic sensitivity elicited a significantly larger P300 amplitude compared to icons with a moderate aesthetic sensitivity. Moreover, icons with a low aesthetic sensitivity were found to induce larger LPP and P200 components in comparison to icons with a high aesthetic appeal. These findings highlight the influence of both aesthetic appeal and sensitivity on the neurophysiological responses associated with the P300, LPP, and P200 components, suggesting the importance of considering these factors in icon design and evaluation. Color and its contrast and brightness are keys to triggering users' visual, behavioral, and emotional harmony. In the exploratory research of visual processing, [PERSON] et al. [75] first verified through ERP experiments that differences in visual stimuli, such as contrast and brightness, can induce P100 components. The P100 component, which is usually the largest in the occipital area (O1, O2) and has a peak latency of about 100 ms, is significantly affected by the stimulus contrast. [PERSON] et al. 's [76] research proved that brightness contrast seriously affects the visual effect of digital interface information elements.