# Energy Consumption Analysis of ISO/IEC 29192-2 Standard Lightweight Ciphers
## 7 Conclusions
In IoT security, these algorithms will be essential for ensuring the secure transmission and authentication of data in smart homes, industrial automation, and smart city infrastructures. Additionally, one of the key areas of future development will be the continued standardization and optimization of lightweight cryptographic algorithms. While ISO/IEC 29192-2 establishes a fundamental framework for secure IoT communications, ongoing research will likely refine these algorithms to further enhance their security and efficiency, ensuring their long-term applicability in emerging technologies. In resource-constrained IoT systems, energy consumption is a critical factor due to the limited processing power and battery capacity of embedded devices. Therefore, it is essential that mandatory components such as encryption algorithms operate with minimal energy requirements. However, while optimizing energy efficiency, it is equally important not to compromise on core security principles. Particularly in the context of hardware-level threats such as side-channel attacks, or algorithmic vulnerabilities like differential cryptanalysis, the robustness of the encryption scheme must remain a top priority. For this reason, encryption algorithms approved by reputable standardization authorities such as ISO/IEC, NIST, or ETSI should be preferred, as they have undergone rigorous evaluations in terms of both security and performance. Although this study highlights energy consumption as a key performance metric, any recommendation to revise cryptographic standards must be balanced with a thorough consideration of security trade-offs. While meeting today's energy and security demands, it is also important to anticipate the future direction of secure communication systems. Emerging technologies such as quantum computing and 6G networks are expected to reshape the landscape of data transmission and encryption. Within this context, concepts like the quantum IoT point to the necessity of cryptographic algorithms that are not only efficient for today's embeddedsystems, but also resilient to potential quantum threats. While ISO/IEC 29192-2 provides a framework for current lightweight applications, future standardization efforts may need to integrate post-quantum considerations to ensure long-term viability. In addition to providing a comparative analysis of standardized lightweight encryption algorithms, the results of this study may also contribute to the development of energy-aware maintenance strategies, such as energy-based maintenance (EBM) in embedded and IoT systems. By profiling the energy consumption behavior of encryption operations, it becomes possible to detect long-term anomalies or inefficiencies that may indicate cryptographic module degradation or hardware faults. Future work could explore the integration of such energy consumption metrics into predictive maintenance frameworks, allowing systems to dynamically monitor cryptographic workloads and optimize operational sustainability in energy-constrained environments. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. The author thanks the reviewers and editors for their valuable feedback and contributions, which helped improve the quality of this manuscript. The author declares no conflicts of interest.