esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Development of Piezoelectric Inertial Rotary Motor for Free-Space Optical Communication Systems
## 2 Motor Design and Operation Principle
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value, mm** & **Description** \\ \hline L & 21 & Length of elastic plate \\ Lcontact & 15.28 & Position of contact on elastic plate \\ Lsupport & 6.77 & Position of stator support on elastic plate \\ Lpzt & 10 & Length of piezoceramic plate \\ tbinorph & 2 & Thickness of piezoelectric bimorph plate \\ tpar & 0.5 & Thickness of piezoceramic plate \\ tplate & 1 & Thickness of elastic plate \\ Rcontact & 0.5 & Radius of contact \\ Rsupport & 0.5 & Radius of support \\ Htotal & 27.5 & Total height of stator \\ Hplate & 7.5 & Height of elastic plate \\ Hplate & 5 & Height of piezoceramic plate \\ wcut & 1 & Width of cut at connecting cylinder \\ hcut & 5 & Height of cut at connecting cylinder \\ \(\alpha\) & 120\({}^{\circ}\) & Angle between piezoelectric bimorph plates \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Geometrical parameters of stator. Figure 3: Detailed sketch of the stator: (**a**)—top view; (**b**)—side view; (**c**)—detailed view of cut at connecting cylinder. frequency of the vibration mode. At the first stick stage, the excitation signal is rising, and all piezoelectric bimorph plates bend sequentially to one direction. Due to friction force, which is inducted by the preload and is higher than the force created by the plates, the motion of the plates, via alumina oxide contacts, is transferred to disc-shaped rotors, and the angular motion of the rotors is created. At this stage, the maximum angular displacement of the rotors is directly related to the maximum displacement amplitude of the piezoelectric bimorph plates. However, then the excitation signal changes its state to the opposite, during a short time range, and the slip stage occurs. During the slip stage, the motion of alumina oxide contacts has a high acceleration, whose vector is opposite to the rotor motion direction, and as a result the force created by the piezoelectric bimorph plates is higher than the friction force between the alumina oxide contacts and the rotors; as a result, the motion of the plates is not transferred to the rotors and an angular motion is not created. The continuous repetition of these stages creates the angular motion of the disc-shaped rotors. The motor excitation schematic is given in Figure 4.  
As can be found in Figure 4, the polarization directions of the piezoceramic plates are aligned to the thickness of the plates, and in each piezoelectric bimorph plate, the polarization directions of the piezoceramic plates are in series. Such arrangement of polarizations allows one to obtain single signal-based excitation of the first, out-of-plane, bending mode of the piezoelectric bimorph plates and, as a result, motion generation. Moreover, to control the direction of angular motion, the excitation signal phase must be changed by \(\pi\) at the level of signal generation, which allows it to be controlled electronically.
## 1 Introduction
Therefore, to ensure the necessary higher spatial accuracy, it is necessary to provide certain preconditions, which in our case are enabled by connecting to the CROPOS (Croatian Positioning System) network and the presence of a high-quality Internet signal (4G speed). The CROPOS system consists of 33 reference GNSS stations at a distance of 70 km from each other, arranged so that they cover the entire area of Croatia to collect data from satellite measurements and calculate correction parameters [24]. This enables us to have horizontal precision within \(\pm\)0-2 cm and vertical precision within \(\pm\)0-4 cm. The basic assumption was that the rover receiver and the network of reference stations must be operated by using GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou [25]. Via this segment of research and measurement of the forest/skid road, an attempt was made to confirm the precise determination method of the longitudinal slope, and this was conducted to determine the consumption of the skidder on different longitudinal slopes and for further analyses when testing the hybrid skidder and obtaining the consumption reduction parameters of the hybrid drive on different slopes. Moreover, comparisons with a diesel-powered skidder were carried out. In addition, the purpose of this work is to show the possibility of using this method in practical forestry with the help of the photogrammetric method and the use of aerial photographs and to try to prove whether sufficient accuracy is obtained for the creation of future main construction/reconstruction projects with respect to forest/skid roads in similar field conditions.
# Resveratrol: A Review on the Biological Activity and Applications
## 3 Antitumor Properties
### Prostate Cancer  
PC is one of the most frequent kinds of tumors in men, related to the unrestrained growth of the prostate gland. The evolution of androgen-independent PC implicates fundamental ERK1/2 activation, promoted by the epidermal growth factor/transforming growth factor-alpha/EGF receptor pathway. It was ascertained that RSV inhibits ERK1/2 activation by altering PKC, specifically its isozyme PKC\(\alpha\), in neoplastic human prostate epithelial cells in vivo [125].  
The antitumor effect of RSV in PC can be correlated to the regulation of miRNAs, which are minuscule non-coding RNAs that antagonize gene expression. RSV down-regulates carcinogenic miRNAs and up-regulates cancer-inhibitor miRNAs in PC cells [126]. This mechanism may be elucidated by its capacity to inactivate (ERK1/2) Akt and reduce the concentrations of estrogen and insulin growth factor-1 receptor, suppressing the Akt/miR-21 signaling pathway [127].  
New approaches support the benefit of RSV-loaded NPs for PC chemoprevention/ chemotherapy due to the lack of adverse reactions on normal cells. Polymeric NPs encapsulating RSV were developed, and they generated substantially higher cytotoxicity to PC cells than free RSV, without negative cytotoxic repercussions on murine macrophages, even at 200 \(\upmu\)M [128]. Similar results were obtained by the successful endeavor to expand systemic circulation and biological half-life of \(t\)RSV, utilizing solid lipid NPs to raise its antitumor ability [129].  
The function of RSV as a radiosensitizer by targeting cancer stem cells in radioresistance PC cells was analyzed, employing stem cell markers and EMT markers, such as vimentin and E-cadherin. The association of RSV administration with ionizing radiation generated an important decline in cell viability and stem cell markers genes and altered EMT markers [130].  
Vasculogenic mimicry is specifically correlated to tumor progression and metastasis, which is responsible for the poor prognosis of patients with PC. RSV decreases serum-induced invasion and vasculogenic mimicry formation in human PC cells. Blood-generated phosphorylation of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 and the expression of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin at the mRNA and protein positions are reduced by RSV. Blood-induced AKT signaling cascade, as well as metalloproteinase-2 and laminin subunit 5 gamma-2, are damaged by this phytochemical [131].  
It is more and more acknowledged that the synergy of the glioma-associated oncogene axis and androgen receptor influences the evolution of PC. Recent in vitro and in vivo assays on xenograft models in mice confirmed that RSV suppresses the Hh signals and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) levels to ameliorate PC progression. The mechanism of action involved EMT progression, reducing the tumor size and expressions of vimentin, VEGF, and MMP-7, as well as stimulating the expressions of E-cadherin and annexin 2 [132].
# Weak Signal Processing Methods Based on Improved HHT and Filtering Techniques for Steel Wire Rope
## 4 Comparison and Results
### Lowpass Filtering and Wavelet Denoising
Although the original signals shown in Figure 5c have a stronger amplitude than the signals expressed in Figure 5b on account of the smaller liftoff distance, both the lowpass filtering signals are mixed with strand and noise signal features, especially for the processed signal S3 illustrated in the third line box of Figure 5c. After further denoising by wavelet transform, both the processed signals shown in the third and fourth line box keep nearly unchanged in amplitude and frequency. Comparing the three typical signal processing results by lowpass filtering and wavelet denoising, it could be concluded that the simple lowpass filtering and wavelet transform combined methods are incapable of wire rope weak signal processing.
# Creating Automated Microsoft Bicep Application Infrastructure from GitHub in the Azure Cloud
## 5 Bicep Modules' Design
### Modular Approach  
The motivation for adopting a modular approach in software-defined infrastructure stems from challenges inherent in managing complex cloud environments. A single, monolithic template might initially appear simpler to maintain, particularly for smaller applications with limited resources. As systems grow in complexity, spanning multiple networking components, databases, security configurations, and application services, the disadvantages of monolithic designs become evident. Large, unstructured templates are difficult to read, challenging to review or test, and prone to introducing errors during iterative development.  
Splitting infrastructure code into modules addresses these challenges by enforcing the separation of concerns. Each module encapsulates the definition, parameters, and outputs of a specific resource or related set of resources. This decomposition aligns well with established software engineering practices, where complex systems are broken down into smaller, more manageable components. In doing so, modules become reusable across projects, promote consistent design patterns, and enable teams to work in parallel on different infrastructure components without frequent conflicts in version control systems [24].  
Furthermore, a modular approach aligns with the principles of the Cloud Adoption Framework, as advocated for by Microsoft and other industry leaders, which emphasizes the need for consistent, maintainable, and policy-compliant infrastructure deployments. It also facilitates governance, as modules can be centrally reviewed, approved, and versioned, ensuring compliance with organizational standards across all environments.
# An Enhanced Mechanism for Fault Tolerance in Agricultural Wireless Sensor Networks
## 3 WSN Topology
### WSN Routing and Data Transmission
#### 3.2.2 Routing Mechanism for CHs and BS  
After building the cluster group, the CH first sends a join request containing its ID to the unique BS. After the request is received by the BS, it will answer with a TDMA in order to give the sender CH a time slot for exchanging data. Through this, the CH establishes a route with its associated BS (see Figure 3). When the time slot arrives for the CH, the BS sends a data request to the CH. The CH then receives the request, and in turn, transfers the aggregated data collected from sensor nodes to the BS. The routing protocol initialization between the CHs and BS is detailed in the Algorithm 2.  
Figure 2: CH and sensor node routing protocol: (**a**) cluster construction; (**b**) data transfer.
# The Corrosion Failure Mechanism of a Peak Load Boiler in a District Heating System
## 2 Materials and Methods
### CFD Analysis of Gas Flow and Heat Transfer  
To further assess the distribution of gas flow and temperature variations along the convection tubes, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed using ANSYS 19.0. The primary objective was to identify regions with a high risk of corrosion damage by analyzing localized temperature gradients, flue gas behavior, and heat transfer efficiency.  
The combustion system consists of an air resistor gas burner (Low NOx) with a fuel capacity of 4000 Nm\({}^{3}\)/h, ignited by an electric pilot igniter. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is combusted in the furnace, generating high-temperature flue gases that enter the convection tube bundle from the lower end plate and rise toward the upper end plate. The initial gas temperature was set to 1160 \({}^{\circ}\)C, corresponding to the theoretical adiabatic flame temperature of LNG combustion. However, the actual flue gas temperature at the convection section inlet was determined based on operational data, reflecting real system conditions. The hot water boiler (PLB) is designed to withstand a maximum operating pressure of 16 kg/cm\({}^{2}\)g and a temperature of 204 \({}^{\circ}\)C, ensuring safe operation under these conditions. The simulation conditions included a flow rate of 50,206 Nm\({}^{3}\)/h (standard cubic meters per hour, based on operational data). The boiler feedwater supplied to the convection section was maintained at 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 0.88 MPa, with a mass flow rate of 625,455 kg/h (173.74 kg/s).  
Steady-state simulations were performed, assuming that it was in operation and there was no heat released outside the boiler and the burner completely burned the LNG. The k-\(\varepsilon\) turbulence model was applied, and it was repeatedly calculated until the residual fraction of each variable fell to \(10^{-5}\) or less to judge the convergence of the simulation analysis.
## 3 Equipment and Testing
### Pedestrian Data in Urban Canyon  
The canyon created by the presence of tall buildings in either side of a street makes the navigation very challenging, especially for navigation systems with GNSS as a major component. The presence of multiple NLOS multipath signals with significant biases and limited visibility of the satellites degrades the quality and availability of the GNSS measurements. Hence, in order to assess the proposed scheme in GNSS challenged environments, pedestrian data was collected in downtown Calgary, Canada. The test environment presented an elevation mask angle varying from about 15 to 75 degrees. The test duration lasted over 40 min. The reference solution obtained for the urban canyon test is shown in Figure 5.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline  & **Parameter** & **ADIS16488** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Gyroscopes**} & In-Run Bias Stability & \multirow{2}{*}{6.25 \%h} \\  & (1\(\sigma\)) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{**Gyroscopes**} & Angular Random Walk & \multirow{2}{*}{0.3\({}^{\circ}\)/\(\backslash\)h} \\  & (1\(\sigma\)) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Rate Noise Density} & 23.8\({}^{\circ}\)/h/Hz RMS \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Accelerometers**} & In-Run Bias Stability & \multirow{2}{*}{0.1 mg} \\  & (1\(\sigma\)) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{**Accelerometers**} & Velocity Random Walk & \multirow{2}{*}{0.029 m/s/\(\backslash\)h} \\  & (1\(\sigma\)) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Noise Density} & Noise Density & 0.067 mg/\(\backslash\)Hz RMS \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: IMU Specifications [11].
## 3 Results
### Sensitivity Analysis of Model Parameters  
A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate how variations in key input parameters affect system configuration and cost. The parameters tested were as follows:  
* Solar irradiance (\(\pm\)10%).
* Wind speed (\(\pm\)10%).
* PV panel cost (\(\pm\)20%).
* Wind turbine cost (\(\pm\)20%).  
Figure 8 illustrates the effect of each parameter on the total system cost and the number of components required (i.e., the PV panels required). The results indicate that solar irradiance and PV cost significantly influence system design. A decrease in irradiance by 10% increases the number of PV panels by approximately 12% when meeting the same energy load. In contrast, wind speed variations have minimal effect, which aligns with the dominance of solar energy in the optimal configuration. This analysis confirms the robustness of the proposed system and reinforces the choice of PV-dominant sizing for the specific conditions of the Skikda region.
## 3 Experimental Setup  
### Hardware Implementation  
The experimental setup incorporates several hardware components designed to efficiently manage and optimize power consumption in the target building, as shown in Figure 3. These components include the R-ESS, photovoltaic (PV) panels, V2G bidirectional chargers, and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) monitoring devices for real-time  
Figure 2: Architecture of the multi-cluster LSTM model. The figure illustrates the integration of k-means clustering with LSTM networks, where independent LSTM models are trained on segmented data clusters to improve power consumption forecasting accuracy.  
power monitoring. They communicate using different protocols and are connected to a gateway that performs data conversion, integration, and mapping, transmitting the data in a unified format over the internal LAN. The database server collects, stores, and analyzes these data, which are then forwarded to the integrated control center for real-time monitoring and control by the operator. The building is connected to the main power line supplied by KEPCO, while the interconnected devices are linked via dedicated power lines. When the building's power consumption exceeds the predefined peak threshold, external energy sources discharge stored power to balance demand and supply, ensuring grid stability.
# Time Series Prediction of Sea Surface Temperature Based on an Adaptive Graph Learning Neural Model
## 3 Experiments
### Results  
#### 3.4.1 Performance of AGLNM on Bohai Sea Data Set  
The performance of the proposed AGLN model was compared with CGMP, FC-LSTM, CFCC-LSTM, GED, and SVR by multi-scale prediction on the daily mean SST data set (4018 days) of the Bohai Sea (135 points); that is, predicting the mean SST for the next 1, 3, and 7 days. The experimental results are shown in Table 2. The smaller the MAE and MSE, the better the prediction performance of the model. In order to show the advantages of the AGLNM more clearly, we bold the minimum MSE and minimum MAE in the table. It can be seen that the AGLNM proposed in this paper is superior to the other models at different prediction scales to varying degrees, followed by CGMP. In addition, the MAE of the AGLNM was 0.04, 0.06, 0.1 (13%, 12%, 15%) ahead of the CGMP model with the second highest performance when the prediction scale was 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days, respectively. When the prediction scale was larger, the performance of the AGLNM proposed in this paper had more obvious advantages compared with the other models, which indicates that the data-driven AGLNM can indeed mine and learn the hidden association relationship between spatial nodes in the SST data of the Bohai Sea to a certain extent.
# Hardware Prototyping and Validation of a W-\(\Delta\)DOR Digital Signal Processor
## 3 W-\(\Delta\)DOR Hardware Implementation
### W-\(\Delta\)DOR DSP Core Architecture Description
#### 3.1.3 Root Raised Cosine Shaping Filter (RRCF)  
This filter interpolates and shapes the incoming PN code. The coefficients are reconfigurable, the filter order is 128 and the interpolation factor is 8. It is implemented in transposed form and the polyphase decomposition (eighth order) is applied for optimizing the computational load. The resulting 136 filter coefficients (129 plus 7 null padding values) are distributed in a total of 17 memories containing each of the eight phase coefficients. No multipliers are required as the input signal is single bit, i.e., it can assume only the values \(-1\) (coded as 0 logic) and 1 (coded as 1 logic). The multiplication of the 12-bit coefficients is performed by multiplexers, which select the current values or the additive inverse, computed by using a radix-2 complement converter.
## 6 Discussion
### Computational Effort  
Optimal solutions were obtained in relatively short computational times (970-1020 s), with no statistical difference between problem sizes.  
On the other hand, TLBA computational times were higher, with a significant statistical difference among problem sizes, as shown in Figure 7.  
As expected, the times were directly proportional to problem size. Only the first instance group showed comparable average computational times with the exact method but, in some cases, the times were up to 52% higher.  
Computational times in the medium sized instances were approximately 7 times higher than those obtained with the exact method. In the case of the largest instances, the times increased almost exponentially, with differences near to 2500%.  
The solution representation and the evaluation method applied to candidate solutions had a important effect on computational times [46]. The evaluation procedure when obtaining an initial solution was simplified (see Section 4.5), explaining the low computational times in this phase.  
In the case of the evaluation procedure for candidate solutions \(S_{c}\) in \(V\), time was basically affected by the number of candidate solutions per iteration \(N_{s}\). It is necessary to analyze the random procedure's efficiency when obtaining non-forbidden candidate solutions and adding them to \(V\), especially when high values of Tabu tenure are used.  
Mutation and combination mechanisms were not considered for generating candidate solutions, this helped to avoid non-feasible candidate solutions related to stroke usage.  
Figure 6: Box chart for the Tabu List-Based Algorithm (TLBA) average gaps.  
The MRP procedure represents the most time-demanding routine. Implementing a more efficient method to obtain SKU inventory levels must be analyzed in further research.  
The Tabu list, as a short-term memory mechanism, allowed for improvement in the solution quality. Future work may include the implementation of long-term intensification, diversification, and aspiration mechanisms, in order to improve the algorithm's performance.  
According to the experimental results, Tabu tenure showed no statistical effect on computational times (see Figure 3). This result may imply that, even when the Tabu list optimizes the search, evaluation routines are computationally expensive.  
The implementation of TLBA is limited by computational time. However, the use of this kind of procedure would benefit enterprises with low software acquisition budgets (e.g., solver acquisition) having an important efficiency impact on production planning and lot-sizing decisions. This implementation is limited for the understanding and appropriation of the proposed algorithm. Matlab codes, datasets, evaluation procedure, and instance generation algorithms are available in [47] through GitHub.