# Resource Capacity Requirement for Multi-Terminal Cooperation in Container Ports
## 1 Introduction
The survey study conducted by [6] saw that most of the studies on interferminal transportation (interterminal container transportation, which is covering any type of land and sea transportation moving containers and cargo between organizationally separated areas (e.g., container terminals, empty container depots) within a port) discovered their problems at Port of Rotterdam, where many terminals could cooperate within a port. While this survey also suggested research themes for the future, such as transport scheduling and vehicle routing to coordinate container flows between terminals, harnessing information technologies to facilitate data communication, collaborative resource sharing, green (sustainable and economical) logistics, and deployment models for real-world systems, container transportation is still noted as a key operation for a single container terminal. [PERSON] et al. [7] developed a semiopen queueing network model for interferminal transportation, whereby the service times at the terminal handling stations depend on the number of containers being loaded/unloaded. The proposed model described the uncertainties in the arrival times of containers, the handling times of containers at the different terminals, the travel times of vehicles between terminals, and the interaction between containers and vehicles. [PERSON] et al. [8] compared various transportation modes for interferminal transportation and applied a game theoretical approach to determine a coalition minimizing the infrastructure cost for collaborative operations among multiple trucking operators. [PERSON] et al. [9] studied the multiobjective problem consisting of minimizing variable and fixed costs of vehicles as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for interferminal truck routing. Despite the reduction of empty trips of the truck being found to reduce emissions, the authors highlighted the cost implications arising from the conflict between the number of trucks and empty trips with the reduction in the number of trucks leading to an increase of empty trips, and vice versa. More recently, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2] provided a time-space graphical model for collaborative operations among multiple trucking operations. [PERSON] et al. [10] formulated the vehicle routing and container transport problem in an interterminal transportation network (including the hinterland railway terminal) and optimized the container delivery based on fixed fleet size. [PERSON] et al. identified a tradeoff between the degree of interterminal transportation and the delay of rail transportation. [PERSON] et al. [11] formulated a coordination optimization model providing the berthing positions and time windows to serve vessels, the rail tracks, and time windows to serve trains, as well as the time windows for truck appointment under the interterminal transportation environment. The objective of the study is to minimize weighted turnaround time of vessels or trains. From the existing literature, it is not difficult to see that much attention was paid to the operations planning and scheduling of container transportation among terminals in a port. However, while many scholars have supported the idea of interterminal cooperation, there is no study that examines the capacity requirement measured in terms of workload on the resources over time-shifts. An evaluation of workload information on the resources (i.e., the availability and requirement) serves three purposes. Firstly, the provision of workload information on critical resources is necessary to confirm the feasibility of the operations schedule design. In particular, knowledge on the changes in workload requirement over time-shifts boosts the effectiveness of the operations scheduling in achieving a desirable throughput volume at the terminal and port levels. Secondly, workload information supports long term planning of capacity investment in a terminal while taking care of the sporadic demands that may or may not be met with the available capacity of its counterparts.