###### Abstract  
In recent years, pediatric dentistry has evolved considerably in terms of both the techniques and materials used. A clear, odorless liquid called silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is recommended for molars affected by hypoplasia and dental hypersensitivity. In adults and children who are at a high risk of developing caries, it is also helpful to prevent the progression of carious lesions. Teeth too compromised to be reconstructed that are not accompanied by discomfort or infection can be treated with SDF. The current review aims to provide an overview of the most recent research over the last 10 years on the potential of SDF, focusing on the clinical evidence of professionally applied fluoride therapy to prevent and arrest caries in children's primary molars. Research was conducted according to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. \"silver diamine fluoride\", \"primary molar\", and \"primary molars\" were the search terms utilized on the databases Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, with the Boolean operator \"AND\" and \"OR\". Of these 195 studies, 13 primary studies were included in this review. The quality of the included papers was assessed using the reputable Cochrane risk of bias assessment for randomized trials. The studies reviewed consistently support the effectiveness of SDF in stopping the progression of existing caries in deciduous molars; on the contrary, there is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about SDF being effective for the prevention of carious lesions in deciduous molars. silver diamine fluoride; SDF; ECC; primary molars; prevention; dental caries; non-invasive treatment; pediatric dentistry +
Footnote †: journal:If ECC persists without intervention, it can impact various facets of a child's well-being, including oral health-related quality of life, body weight, growth, school attendance, and academic performance [40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51]. The endeavor to devise effective, minimally invasive strategies for caries prevention and management has fueled a surge of interest in alternative interventions. Among these, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has emerged as a noteworthy candidate, demonstrating considerable potential in impeding the progression of carious lesions in the challenging domain of molar teeth in children [52; 53; 54]. SDF has demonstrated promising outcomes in hindering the progression of caries, especially in molar teeth among children [55; 56; 57; 58; 59]. It is a solution that contains a diamine-silver ion and fluoride ion, serving as both an antibacterial and a remineralizing agent. By decreasing biofilm counts and impeding collagen degradation, this product promotes the remineralization of enamel and dentin, effectively halting the progression of caries [60; 61; 62; 63; 64]. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) exerts its preventive action against dental caries through a multifaceted mechanism. Upon its application, SDF dissociates into silver, fluoride, and ammonium ions. The silver ions exhibit antimicrobial properties by disrupting bacterial cell membranes and inhibiting bacterial enzyme activity, thereby reducing the population of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. Additionally, fluoride ions promote remineralization by enhancing the formation of fluorapatite, which strengthens the tooth structure and renders it more resistant to acid dissolution. Furthermore, SDF facilitates the formation of a protective layer of silver phosphate and calcium fluoride on the tooth's surface, acting as a physical barrier against acid attack and inhibiting demineralization. This comprehensive approach makes SDF an effective agent in preventing dental caries, particularly in primary molars where traditional interventions may be challenging [65; 66; 67]. SDF finds application in a variety of dental procedures; it is utilized for the halting of early childhood caries, the management of root caries, and the prevention of pit and fissure caries [61].