## 2 Results
### Identification of VOCs Produced by BCAs (SPME GC-MS)  
A total of 26 VOCs produced by bioantagonists _G. cerinus_, _H. osmophila_, and the combined PUCV-VBL biocontrol taken directly from grapes were identified in different concentrations by SPME GC-MS. Figure 4 shows the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) projection for biocontrolized distributions regarding PC-1 with PC-2. BCAs metabolites are shown in four groups. _H. osmophila_ metabolites are most represented in the PUCV-VBL biocontrol. Figure 5 shows a PCA biplot of VOCs correlated with the four treatments. Figure 6 shows a Euclidean distance heat map (Ward algorithm) of replicas for each treatment for the presence of all VOC compounds produced by bioantagonists, where dark brown indicates higher relative concentrations and dark blue, the lowest. Results show that _Haneseniaspora osmophila_ is most responsible for VOCs in grapes (1-butanol 3-methyl, 2-methyl butanoic acid, 2-methyl 1-butanol, hexanoic ethyl acid, 3-methyl 1-butanol, 2-phenyl acetic acid, propyl acetate, phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 2-propanoic acid, isobutyl acetate, and propanoic acid); however, the same VOCs were present in the PUCV-VBL biocontrol. Although _G. cerinus_ had fewer overall contributions to VOCs, it did overexpress 2-butenoic acid (also present in the PUCV-VBL biocontrol) and methyl acetic acid. There was some overlap in _G. cerinus_ and control VOCs: 2-methyl-1-butanol, undecane, 1-propanol, dodecane, 2,6-dimethyl undecane, butanoic ethyl acid, 3-methyl butanoic acid, and tetradecane. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Cultivar** & **Pathogen** & _G. cerinus_ & _H. osmophila_ & **PUCV-VBL** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Red Globe} & _B. cinerea_ & \(85\pm 17\)1  & \(83\pm 15\)1  & \(83\pm 12\)1  \\  & _A. tubingensis_ & \(56\pm 10\)1  & \(51\pm 13\)1  & \(38\pm 15\)1  \\  & _P. expansum_ & \(50\pm 17\)1  & \(44\pm 7\)1  & \(46\pm 10\)1  \\  & _R. stolonifer_ & \(44\pm 15\)1  & \(32\pm 20\)1  & \(45\pm 19\)1  \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Thompson seedless} & _B. cinerea_ & \(96\pm 2\)1  & \(96\pm 2\)1  & \(98\pm 1\)1  \\  & _A. tubingensis_ & \(94\pm 7\)1  & \(73\pm 4\)1  & \(95\pm 4\)1  \\  & _P. expansum_ & \(75\pm 14\)1  & \(81\pm 9\)1  \\  & _R. stolonifer_ & \(84\pm 14\)1  & \(83\pm 15\)1  & \(91\pm 3\)1  \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Crimson seedless} & _B. cinerea_ & \(51\pm 19\)1  & \(34\pm 15\)1  & \(72\pm 10\)1  \\  & _A. tubingensis_ & \(56\pm 16\)1  & \(65\pm 12\)1  & \(53\pm 17\)1  \\  & _P. expansum_ & \(37\pm 14\)1  & \(41\pm 17\)1  & \(57\pm 17\)1  \\  & _R. stolonifer_ & \(54\pm 17\)1  & \(66\pm 4\)1  & \(89\pm 20\)1  \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Percentage of mycelial inhibition of four causal agents in three different table grape cultivars tested in vivo with grapes-on-grapes test. Means in rows followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to [PERSON]’s test (\(p\) = 0.05). Figure 4: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of SPME-GCMS data. PCA score plot. Control (Co), grape without biocontroller, red; G. cerinus (Gc), grape with biocontroller _G. cerinus_, green; H. osmophila (Ho), grape with biocontroller _H. osmophila_, magenta; PUCV-VBL (P), grape with PUCV-VBL consortium, violet. Figure 5: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Biplot of SPME-GCMS data, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of biological consortium PUCV-VBL. Finally, the VOCs significantly more present in both \(H\). _osmophila_ and the PUCV-VBL biocontrol were 1-butanol 3-methyl, propanoic acid ethyl ester, ethyl acetate, phenylethyll alcohol, isobutyl acetate, and hexanoic acid ethyl ester. Tetradecane was present only in control and \(G\). _cerinus_ treatments (Figure 7). Figure 6: Heat map based on Euclidean distance using Ward algorithm and showing group averages.. Each row in the color heat map indicates a single compound. Blue to reddish in the color code indicates down-to-up relative concentration of the compounds. Control, grape without biocontrol, red; \(G\). _cerinus_ grape with biocontrol \(G\). _cerinus_, green; \(H\).