esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Security Proofs
### Tamper Resistance
\(\mathcal{S}\), \(\mathcal{O}_{F_{1}}\), and \(\mathcal{O}_{F_{2}}\) are described in Figure 9. Before \(\mathcal{A}_{TR}\) queries \(\mathcal{S}\), \(\mathcal{S}\) initializes the environment by publishing \((n_{H},e_{H},pk_{I})\), setting \(i_{guess}=0\), and guessing a number \(\lambda^{\prime}\) where \(1\leq\lambda^{\prime}\leq\lambda_{3}\). \(\mathcal{S}\) guesses that \(\mathcal{A}_{TR}\) will successfully output a tampered ticket as \((s,m,\delta,\sigma,\gamma)\) such that 3-tuple \((\delta,\sigma,\gamma)\) is not produced by \(\mathcal{S}\), _i.e._, \((\delta,\sigma,\gamma)\
otin(\delta_{i},\sigma_{i},\gamma_{i})\) for each \(i\) with \(1\leq i\leq\lambda_{1}\), where the value of \(F_{2}(\delta,\sigma,\gamma)\) is obtained from \(\mathcal{O}_{F_{2}}\) at the \(\lambda^{\prime}\)th query to \(\mathcal{O}_{F_{2}}\). Figure 8: The model of the proof for Tamper Resistance. As shown in Figure 9, when \(\mathcal{A}_{TR}\) submits a query \((\alpha_{i},\theta_{i})\) to \(\mathcal{S}\), \(\mathcal{S}\) will send \(\alpha_{i}\beta_{i}\equiv b_{i}^{\epsilon_{H}}c_{i}\pmod{n_{H}}\) to \(\mathcal{O}_{inv}\) and get \(x_{i}\equiv c_{i}^{d_{H}}\equiv t_{i}b_{i}^{-1}\pmod{n_{H}}\) where \(1\leq i\leq\lambda_{1}\). \(\mathcal{S}\) stores \((x_{i},c_{i})\)'s in a list \(L\). If \(\mathcal{A}_{TR}\) successfully outputs a tampered ticket \((s,m,\delta,\sigma,\gamma)\) after \(\lambda_{1}\) queries to \(\mathcal{S}\) with probability at least \(\epsilon_{TR}\), we can obtain \(x_{\lambda_{1}+1}\equiv(c^{\prime})^{d_{H}}\pmod{n_{H}}\) with probability at least \(\epsilon^{\prime}_{TR}\geq\frac{\epsilon_{TR}}{\lambda_{3}}\) by the following procedure. 1. Search \(L_{F_{1}}\) by \(m\) and get entry \((m,\tau^{\prime})\). 2. Search \(L_{F_{1}}\) by \((\tau^{\prime})^{\epsilon_{H}}\bmod n_{H}\) and get entry \(((\tau^{\prime})^{\epsilon_{H}}\bmod n_{H},\tau)\) where \(F_{1}^{2}(m)=\tau^{\epsilon_{H}}\bmod n_{H}\), _i.e._, \(\tau=(F_{1}^{2}(m))^{d_{H}}\bmod n_{H}\). 3. Compute \(x_{\lambda_{1}+1}=s\tau^{-1}\bmod n_{H}\) and thus \(x_{\lambda_{1}+1}\equiv(c^{\prime})^{d_{H}}\pmod{n_{H}}\). Consequently, \(\mathcal{S}\) queries \(\mathcal{O}_{N}\)\((\lambda_{1}+1)\) times, and \(\mathcal{O}_{inv}\)\(\lambda_{1}\) times, and then we can obtain \((x_{1},\ldots,x_{\lambda_{1}})\) from \(L\) and \(x_{\lambda_{1}+1}\) such that \(x_{i}^{\epsilon_{H}}\equiv c_{i}\pmod{n_{H}}\) and \(x_{\lambda_{1}+1}^{\epsilon_{H}}\equiv c^{\prime}\pmod{n_{H}}\) where \(1\leq i\leq\lambda_{1}\). We successfully solve the RSA-AKTI problem with non-negligible probability at least \(\epsilon^{\prime}_{TR}\).
## 5 Data Processing  
### Magnetic Data Processing  
The detailed description of the region can be inferred from the magnetic data independently. Processing magnetic raw data is a crucial step to highlighting some of the features identified as a tool for information interpretation. Geosoft Oasis Montaj (2007) was used to process the magnetic data. The processing phases involved the application of several filters and depth estimate methods. The TMI map was filtered using Butterworth high pass (HP) filter with values of degree of filter function of 8 and cut off wavelength of 25 m, and first vertical derivative (FVD) techniques to produce two maps of shallow sources (residuals) to be valid for describing qualitatively the near surface archaeological features. On the other hand, the magnetic data was quantitatively described to estimate the depths of the archaeological features in the study site using source parameter imaging (SPI) and analytical signal (AS) techniques.
## 3 Observed Damage Mechanisms in Eastern T\(\ddot{\text{u}}\)rkiye's Masonry Buildings
### 3.2. _Inadequate Cranftsmanship in Masonry Construction_
#### 3.2.2 Inconsistent Mortar Application  
The absence of systematic regulation in rural locales results in local masons or property owners generally adhering to informal mixing proportions, often estimating sand-to-binder ratios through shovel loads as opposed to precise quantification. The addition of water is frequently executed \"visually\" based on the preferred consistency rather than adhering to a specific water-to-cement or water-to-lime ratio. Consequently, batches of mortar can exhibit significant variability even within a single structure, leading to a mosaic of stronger and weaker areas. For instance, a particular section of a wall may inadvertently possess a marginally more cohesive mortar if the mason temporarily maintained a reduced water content, while a neighboring section could be excessively porous and susceptible to disintegration if an overabundance of water was incorporated.  
In certain communities, the aggregates themselves, frequently derived from local sandy soil, may incorporate excessive fines, silt, and even organic debris. These contaminants further diminish the mortar's effective binding capability, obstructing the attainment of any substantial shear or tensile strength. During seismic events, such poorly proportioned mortars tend to fail abruptly through bed-joint sliding or diagonal tension, resulting in either the partial or total structural failure of walls.  
Furthermore, the practice of employing \"face shell bedding\", wherein mortar is exclusively applied along the periphery of HCTs or partially fired bricks, results in unfilled interior sections. This incomplete bonding significantly impedes shear transfer among units and promotes the infiltration of water, thereby intensifying freeze-thaw damage. Numerous inspections conducted following the regional earthquakes revealed that partially filled joints disintegrated into powder with minimal mechanical disturbance, exposing the transient bond established by inadequate mortar application. Observed damage due to inconsistent mortar application is shown in Figure 11.  
Figure 10: Field photos of irregularly shaped masonry units.
## 2 Hybrid System and Techno-Economic Analysis Method
### Economic Analysis Criteria  
The economic comparison between various proposed designs is carried out based on NPC and LCOE. Homer is used to calculate the NPC that represents the present cost minus the salvage as well as the revenue generated from selling power to the grid. Here, the present cost includes capital cost, replacement cost, and O and M of the whole system over the project life cycle. The salvage is the remaining value of components at the end of the investment. It can be estimated by Equation (2) [69].  
\[NPC=\frac{C_{am,tot}}{CRF(i,N)} \tag{2}\]  
where \(C_{am,tot}\) is the annualized total cost of the entire system ($/year). \(CRF\) is the capital recovery factor. \(N\) is the life cycle of the project. \(i\) is the annual real interest rate, it can be estimated by the following formula [34]:  
\[i=\frac{i^{\rm o}-f}{1-f} \tag{3}\]  
where \(i^{\rm o}\) is the nominal interest rate, which is the rate you can borrow money in (%). \(f\) is the annual inflation rate, which is the inflation rate expected through the project lifetime in (%). Here in our case  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Period** & **Color** & **Price (\$/kWh)** & **Sellback (\$/kWh)** \\ \hline Off-Peak & Wathet blue & 0.0480 & 0.0380 \\ \hline Shoulder & Green & 0.0480 & 0.0400 \\ \hline Peak & Yellow & 0.0800 & 0.0700 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Charge of grid schedule rate during the day.  
Figure 4: Hourly data-grid schedule rate for all months.  
study 3% is the nominal interest rate (discount) for Saudi Arabia in 2019 [70], while the inflation rate for the same year is \(-0.7\%\)[71]. Equation (3) shows the real interest rate is found at 3.7%. The project lifetime is considered 25 years. The capital recovery factor can be calculated given by [69] as follows:  
\[CRF(i,N)=\frac{i(1+i)^{\text{N}}}{(1+i)^{\text{N}}-1} \tag{4}\]  
The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is the average cost of energy unit (kWh). [PERSON] can calculate it by the divided total annual cost of the entire system in one year to the total energy generated through this year. It can be expressed by Equation [14] as follows:  
\[LCOE\left(\frac{\$}{\text{kWh}}\right)=\frac{C_{ann,tot}}{R_{prim}\ +R_{tot,grid.sales}} \tag{5}\]  
where \(R_{prim}\) is the primary served load (kWh/year), \(R_{tot,grid.sales}\) is the total grid sold power per year(kWh/year). The annual total cost included all kinds of expenses, such as annualized capital, replacement, O and M cost.
## 3 Parameters  
The topology of the studied HTS generator is shown in Figure 1, each phase is composed of two coils in parallel. For example, the phase A winding consists of two coils: A1 and A2. A1+ and A1- are the positive current domain and the negative current domain of the A1 coil, respectively.  
The studied generator has four poles and six slots. Each slot has one double racetrack coil with 84 turns. The rated current of these HTS field coils is about 37 A and the rated output power is 30 kW. The generator is designed to operate at 1500 rpm, corresponding to a stator armature frequency of 50 Hz.  
Figure 3: Schematic diagram for the coupling relationship among the field, circuit and thermal model.  
Other design parameters for the generator can be found in a previous paper [27]. The parameters of the HTS coils are summarized in Table 1. \(b\), \(k\) and \(B_{c}\) are calculated by fitting the experimental data of a sample HTS tape. The surface plot of the normalized critical current density for the HTS tape under a parallel and perpendicular magnetic field is shown in Figure 4.  
Since the six coils are symmetrical, only the results of the A1 coil are shown in this paper. The numbering sequence of each turn of the studied coil is shown in Figure 1, and this arrangement will be used throughout Section 4. Although this paper is only a numerical simulation study, it is worth mentioning that our group has now manufactured the stator of the generator, which is shown in Figure 5.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline Manufacturer & Shanghai Superconductor Technology \\ Superconducting layer material & ReBCO \\ Tape width & 4 mm \\ Substrate layer material & Hastelloy \\ Copper stabilizer thickness & 10 \(\upmu\)m \\ \(n\) & 28 \\ Critical current of the tape (77 K, self-field) & 135 A \\ \(b\) & 1.058 \\ \(k\) & 0.0605 \\ \(B_{c}\) & 0.1942 T \\ Turns & 84 \\ Straight length of the coil & 244 mm \\ Inner radius of the coil & 37 mm \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Coil parameters.  
Figure 4: The surface plot of the normalized critical current density for the HTS tape under parallel and perpendicular magnetic field.
# A Study on Design Requirement Development and Satisfaction for Future Virtual World Systems
## 3 New Requirement Space Development
### Reliability  
Reliability also comes from the mobility trend, as both mobile devices and mobile networks are subject to failure. Redundancy can add reliability to a system by replicating data and program to multiple sites so that a device can both tolerate connection failure (i.e., failure tolerance) and recover application state after client failure (i.e., failure recovery) [70]. Redundancy brings the consistency problem (called replica consistency to distinguish it from the consistency requirement), since all replicas must maintain the application game state for state integrity. Consistency is a hard problem in distributed computing, due to the notorious consistency, availability, and partition (CAP) theorem [71]. It states that if a design cannot tolerate network partition, availability and consistency cannot be simultaneously achieved, because a network failure may prevent a replica from being synchronized [72]. On the other hand, if a design can solve the network partition problem, consistency and responsiveness will then become the conflicting requirements, since consistency control protocols normally add additional communication steps [73]. Thus, the reliability property seeks a computing redundancy design that can achieve high availability, consistency, and responsiveness, meanwhile without or tolerating network partition.  
Additionally, reliability is an important requirement for device interoperability [74] in pervasive games. In the \"Hot Potato\" game which is played by a group of users at a specific place [75], for example, users' mobile devices are locally connected with a wireless sensor network (WSN) and P2P neighbor discovery. They also need to connect to a backbone network for coordinating heterogeneous devices, providing global interaction and storage for all game instances.
# Spatial Unmasking Effect on Speech Reception Threshold in the Median Plane
## 2 Method
### Test Protocol  
The SRT for each spatial configuration of target and masker was estimated using a two-down, one-up adaptive staircase procedure [15]. The five spatial configurations were randomly ordered for each subject. The adaptive procedure used in this experiment was largely based on the method used by [PERSON] et al. [4]. The test for each spatial configuration had two parts. In the first part, the subject was asked to confirm whether they had a correct identification of three keywords or more by clicking a \"yes\" or \"no\" box on the screen. If the response of the subject was \"no\", the level of the target was incremented by 4 dB and this process was repeated until the subject clicked \"yes\". Upon clicking \"yes\", the subject was asked to transcribe the presented sentence. Once this was completed, a correct transcript, with key words marked in red, was displayed on the screen below the transcription from the subject. The subject was asked to match the number of correct key words between transcripts and enter the number as a mark out of five (the maximum number of key words). The same speech source was used for this initial trial. Once \"yes\" was clicked, each further trial in the test used a unique speech sample randomly selected from the database, and the subject was asked to transcribe each sentence immediately following its presentation. The 4 dB increment was reduced to 1 dB following this point in the test. A correct trial was counted when 3 or more correct words (>50% identification) was recorded. For error marking, different suffixes were considered incorrect, but misspellings and homophones were considered correct. Two consecutive correct trials resulted in a 1 dB attenuation of the speech target (increasing the difficulty of the next trial). An incorrect trial resulted in a 1 dB increase of the speech target (decreasing the difficulty of the next trial). This continued until seven reversal points were completed. The average of the final five reversal points was used to estimate the SRT for each spatial configuration.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Scanning Electron Microscopy  
Microscopy morphological analysis provides relevant information about the microstructure of pectin films and the effect of different TC concentrations in the film matrix. It provides a better understanding of the spatial arrangement of the film components, which can be used to study the mechanical properties and permeability of the films [58]. The visual aspect of the films as well as the scanning electron micrographs of the surface and cross sections of the pectin films are shown in Figure 1.  
According to the cross-sectional micrographs, pure pectin presented a denser structure compared to films incorporated with TC nanoemulsion. In fact, the addition of oil droplets to the biopolymer matrix resulted in a sponge-like structure and increasing the TC concentration resulted in higher microcavities in the pectin film structure. However, continuous networks exhibited uniform dispersion of nanoemulsion, and oil droplets were homogenously entrapped in the biopolymer matrix. The pure pectin films had a smooth surface. The addition of 5.00% TC caused some roughness and irregularities on the surface  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Samples**} & **Tensile Strength** & **Elongation at Break** & **Young’s Modulus** \\  & **(MPa)** & **(\%)** & **(MPa)** \\ \hline Pectin (control) & 10.37 \(\pm\) 1.04  & 7.06 \(\pm\) 0.42  & 317.59 \(\pm\) 5.76  \\ \hline P/NE:1 & 3.32 \(\pm\) 0.48  & 4.49 \(\pm\) 0.53  & 100.65 \(\pm\) 9.93  \\ \hline P/NE:2 & 5.10 \(\pm\) 0.11  & 7.47 \(\pm\) 0.22  & 126.90 \(\pm\) 11.08  \\ \hline P/NE:3 & 7.52 \(\pm\) 0.21  & 8.62 \(\pm\) 0.05  & 192.21 \(\pm\) 18.37  \\ \hline P/NE:4 & 9.03 \(\pm\) 0.80  & 8.77 \(\pm\) 1.46  & 254.70 \(\pm\) 19.80  \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Mechanical properties of the films.  
of the P/NE:1 sample. It could be due to the migration of the aggregates of droplets on the surface during the drying process for films containing high concentrations of TC. It is reported that flocculation and creaming of oil droplets could occur through the film drying process [56]. The other samples with lower concentration of TC, including P/NE:2, P/NE:3, and P/NE:4, represented the smoother surface. The surface images showed the presence of some pores on the surface of film samples. The samples containing TC had more pores compared to pure pectin films. The higher concentration of oil caused larger pore sizes, which can explain the coalescence phenomena for the oil droplet during drying as reported by [57]. A similar result was reported by [59, 60] who developed a pectin-based film containing various concentrations of bioactive compounds. They observed the presence of pores or cavities by increasing the concentration of bioactive compounds.
## 6 Conclusions  
This study proposed the cross-channel DWRPCA algorithm for de-noising multi-channel arterial pulse signals. A channel-scaled factor technique is used to manipulate the weighting factors of WRPCA. This channel-scaled factor can adjust the weights among the channels according to their signal patterns, optimizing the feature extraction in multi-channel signals. By assigning weights of different channels, the noise mixed with the physiological signal can be eliminated quantitatively without signal distortion. The results of a series of performance evaluations in the time and frequency domains reveal that, compared with other existing de-noising algorithms such as wavelet transform, VMD, RPCA, and WRPCA, the proposed cross-channel DWRPCA could achieve better de-noising performance with less time consumed.  
Therefore, a complete multi-channel pulse wave processing system was constructed and recommended with the novel de-noising algorithm. The system includes data truncation, baseline wandering removal, cycle alignment, the de-noising algorithm, and signal reconstruction. The outcome data are preferable for future analytical research with less noise and distortion.  
In short, the proposed cross-channel DWRPCA algorithm is recommended for radial arterial pulse acquisition and analysis systems to ensure the quality of the extracted pulse signal. Furthermore, the idea of this algorithm by assigning weights to different channels can benefit other multi-channel physiological signal de-noising and feature extracting fields.  
**Author Contributions:** Data curation, C.-C.T.; methodology, Z.C.; supervision, B.P. and X.X.; validation, C.C. and X.C.; writing--original draft, Z.Z.; writing--review and editing, B.P., K.G. and Z.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 62071497.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Cheng Kung University (approval#B-ER-103-263; the study protocol was approved on 17 November 2014).  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# Two-Layer Security Algorithms to Prevent Attacks on Data in Cyberspace
## 5 Comparative Analysis
#### Novelty of Proposed Work  
In this paper, an efficient algorithm was developed to secure the data in which data security is provided in two different layers. In the first layer, an encrypted text algorithm was developed, in which a plaintext-derived key, \"Vigenere key\", and cipher values are obtained from the plaintext and static key. In the second layer, the Vigenere key and cipher values obtained from the first layer are intersected with the help of the Vigenere cipher algorithm, and a secure cipher value is obtained. Whenever data are repeatedly encrypted with the same key and when an attacker obtains this key through a key-snatching mechanism, the attacker can decrypt all data that have been encrypted with that key, which is a problem [27]. Encrypted text algorithms have been designed to solve this problem. In this algorithm, a plaintext and a static key are taken as input, and by implementing  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Paper References** & **Encryption Key** & **Decryption Key** & **Key Cryptanalysis** \\ \hline
[1] & 1 & 1 & Possible \\
[23] & 1 & 1 & Possible \\
[20] & 1 & 1 & Possible \\
[24] & 1 & 1 & Possible \\ Proposed paper & 1 & 2 & Not Possible \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Algorithm Efficiency.  
this algorithm on this plaintext and static key, an _encrypted text_ and one key are obtained, named Vigenere key. The Vigenere key obtained from the plaintext can only be applied to this text. The Vigenere key of one plaintext cannot be used as the Vigenere key of another plaintext. When the results obtained from the proposed algorithm are implemented on any existing algorithm, it makes it impossible for an attacker to decrypt the data without the Vigenere key whether they try to find the probability of the key by using the Kasiski test or by using any another mechanism, which is the novelty of this paper. A complete comparative analysis is shown in Table 7.
# Overview of the Research Status of Intelligent Water Conservancy Technology System
## 4 Application Status
### Water Resources  
Traditional water resources management methods have problems such as delayed management decision-making and insufficient data processing technology [84]. In recent years, digital twin water network technology came into being. By quickly building the accurate and efficient digital twin water conservancy model, the dynamic visual management of the water network can be realized, and the situation of insufficient static data collection and model accuracy in the past can be solved [85]. One study [86] sorted out the physical water network elements through the design and establishment of a tetrahedral model of a digital dual water network. The authors constructed the information structure and conceptual model of the water network, and established the flow information structure and data model according to the data structure of the water network, thus realizing the digital mapping and business intelligent simulation of the water network, and providing new ideas and methods for the management of digital water networks. Another study [87] adopted the data-driven branch point processing method of digital dual water networks. Through the collection and processing of river fulcrum form data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation calculation, it solved the problems such as the lack of data drive in the hydraulic engineering fulcrum hydrodynamic calculation and prediction, and realized accurate hydrodynamic data acquisition and prediction. In terms of water network planning and construction, the water network navigation system provides comprehensive support, including the map module, supply and demand balance analysis module, path analysis module, and information retrieval and query module, and provides powerful auxiliary and platform support for water network planning and digital twin water network construction [88].