## 3 Proposed QR-Based Systems: An Overview  
Our system employs a fusion of bins featuring QR codes, central sensor technology, and a mobile app for community waste tracking and monitoring. Users will categorize the type of waste within their homes using the mobile app. Bins are equipped with a QR code that must be scanned by the user to specify the amount of waste they are disposing of. The data are then transmitted to a central database. The mobile app allows users to track their waste and recycling habits, set reminders for trash pick-up days, and access information about local waste management services. The app also includes a rewards program that incentivizes users to recycle and reduce their waste. The bins at the central garbage collection facility are equipped with sensors that detect the volume of waste being dumped and transmit the data to a central database via the IoT. The sensors in these smart bins are also used to track their location and facilitate maintenance and repair by the administration.  
By combining technology and community engagement, our approach presents a holistic waste management solution. It harnesses machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze and predict waste generation patterns, enabling the optimization of collection schedules and routes. This optimization yields benefits for both the waste collection agency and the community, enhancing efficiency and lowering costs. Furthermore, our system promotes community-driven waste management initiatives, including the establishment of composting and recycling facilities, as well as the implementation of recycling and composting incentives to encourage resident involvement. In summary, our proposed approach integrates technology and community participation to develop a more sustainable and cost-effective waste management system.  
Table 2 analyzes various aspects related to trash management using a QR code-based system and an IoT device-based system, outlining the pros and cons associated with each aspect. The table provides a comparison of monitoring methods, cost considerations, environmental impacts, human participation, and approaches for monitoring garbage levels. By assessing these diverse aspects, our proposed approach makes well-informed decisions regarding the most appropriate method, taking into account factors like cost, environmental impact, human involvement, and monitoring techniques.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Trash Management Tasks**} \\ \cline{2-7}
**Used Techniques** & **QR Code** & **RFID** & **IoT Sensors** & **Data Collection** & **Route Planing** & **Bin Overflow Control** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [32] & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ [PERSON] et al. [33] & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ [PERSON] et al. [34] & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ \\ [PERSON] et al. [35] & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ [PERSON] et al. [36] & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ [PERSON] et al. [37] & & ✓ & ✓ & & & ✓ \\ [PERSON] et al. [38] & & & ✓ & & & ✓ \\ [PERSON] et al. [30] & ✓ & & ✓ & & & ✓ \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON] [39] & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ [PERSON] et al. [40] & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON] [41] & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] & ✓ & & & ✓ & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: A brief tabular outline of the related works with the proposed trash management tasks.  
In the following section, we discuss each entity of the proposed system in detail.