## 9 Prototype Testing and Results
### Evaluation of the Prototype Solution  
The initial plan was to verify the prototype results using data from the last national census, but this approach proved unsuccessful. In 2021, the Bureau of Census used to release population counts at the block level. However, due to recent policy amendments, this information has been withheld, including the counted figures of attributes crucial for research result verification. To overcome this obstacle, two additional questions were introduced during the prototype execution, apart from the primary census data collection. Residents were queried about the following:  
1. Have you ever counted for the national population and housing census in 2023 or 2017? (Yes/No)
2. Have you faced racial or ethnic discrimination during census 2023/2017 conduct? (Yes/No)  
We found that 47% of inhabitants migrated from rural areas approximately 6-9 years ago, seeking an improved lifestyle, enhanced living standards, or better financial prospects to manage family responsibilities adequately. Approximately 15% indicated uncertainty about their previous participation in a census. Only 14% of residential properties (comprising twenty-seven renters and homeowners) confirmed that the national census team had not visited their residence, totaling eighty-one residents based on the average household size of three in this area. As mentioned earlier, approximately 23 homeless individuals lacking national identity documentation would have remained uncounted had traditional methods been used. The total population in the area is 357; when considering the 81 residents and 23 homeless individuals, the total comes to 104 people. This group represents 29% of the missing population in the selected block. The Bureau of Census has around 185,512 defined boundary blocks--118,718 rural blocks and 66,794 urban blocks. Given the conduction of prototype testing in a complex living arrangement, we have a sample size of an urban location and, so, can perform some approximate calculations based on different scenarios. These scenarios are inclusive of urban areas only for missed populations and undercounted communities. Various remote areas exist in rural territories where NGOs are quite active in providing basic goods for human needs; this scenario was not included in our study because of a lack of sample size and approximate count of remote areas. Instead, we followed the reports of undercounted and discriminated communities and made some calculations. The following scenarios were identified during our deep study of the literature review, as well as during prototype execution. Scenario 1: If we make a rough estimate based on the missed population figure we exposed, on average, the census team missed 29% of the population per urban block--66,794 \(\times\) 104 = 6,946,576 (\(\sim\)7 million). Scenario 2: Multiple families living in a residential house where all direct owners share the same equity in the house. Scenario 3: Residential plazas with secure entrances make these locations unreachable to the surveyors. Scenario 4: Remote areas that are primarily reachable by the NGOs. The census team probably missed some blocks of these under the rural block count. Scenario 5: Bengalis are the most discriminated ethnic community in Pakistan. About 132 Bengali colonies in and around Karachi struggle for recognition and official identity documents. There are three million (3 million) Bengalis in Karachi alone [64]. Many individuals have resided in the country since well before the 1971 civil war that resulted in the formation of present-day Bangladesh, formerly known as East Pakistan. Despite being born in Pakistan, they face the deprivation of official recognition and citizenship and are unable to vote, attend government schools, or have access to public health. They have been fighting legal battles for their rights since 1993 [65].