## 1 Introduction
Some scholars proposed a high-performance machine learning (ML) model for the factor of safety (FOS) of gravity retaining walls against overturning using artificial intelligence (AI) and finite difference software FLAC2D [21]. Some scholars examined the effect of backfill variability random field on the design of retaining walls and put forward suggestions to cope with it [22]. [PERSON] [23] analysed the lateral force of the concrete retaining wall by adopting [PERSON]'s active soil pressure theory, plastic hinge theory, and force analysis. The retaining wall is given an accurate solution formula for the value of the safety factor K\({}_{0}\), and its reasonableness is verified. [PERSON] [24] utilised experiments and numerical simulations of a new greenable assembled retaining wall to verify the stability of the structure and to obtain the factors influencing the economy and rationality of the structure. [PERSON] et al. [25] discussed the definition, applicable occasions, and construction of different greening gravity retaining wall structures. Some scholars found the advantages of the latter's good integrity by comparing traditional retaining walls with ecological landscape retaining walls [26]. [PERSON] [27] carried out indoor modelling tests of recycled aggregate permeable concrete gravity-type ecological retaining walls as well as planting tests to evaluate their ecological effects. [PERSON] et al. [28] used finite element software to calculate the prefabricated ecological grille retaining wall, and analysed the soil pressure behind the retaining wall, retaining wall displacement, and retaining wall stress. In response to the varying engineering requirements, scholars have put forth gravity retaining wall designs with distinct functionalities. For instance, [PERSON] [29] developed a green retaining wall, emphasising its eco-friendly attributes, which include promoting greenery and reducing noise. [PERSON] et al. [30] investigated issues that may arise during the construction of stepped ecological retaining walls. [PERSON] et al. [31] proposed a large-scale self-anchored ecological retaining wall constructed primarily using masonry blocks, offering advantages such as self-supporting capabilities and suitability for construction by a limited workforce. Meanwhile, [PERSON] et al. [32] delved into the concept of an environmentally friendly ecological retaining wall, emphasising its mechanical strength and structural stability, as well as its capacity for water purification and soil and water ecological regulation. These studies collectively contribute to the understanding of the various aspects and applications of gravity-type ecological retaining walls in diverse engineering scenarios. In summary, previous research has predominantly concentrated on aspects such as the structural design, components, earth pressure, cost, and functional utility of gravity retaining walls. However, there has been a noticeable oversight in addressing the safety, real-time monitoring, and intelligent features of these walls during their construction phase. Consequently, there is a pressing need to explore methodologies for monitoring the safety of the retaining walls in real time, with a focus on data acquisition and intelligent early warning systems. This paper introduces an innovative approach by combining cement-modified loess with the gravity retaining wall structure. First, it proposes a novel type of gravity retaining wall structure that embodies the attributes of both a gravity retaining wall and an ecological retaining wall, aligning with the principles of green sustainable development. Second, the paper adopts an \"Internet of Things + construction\" perspective to establish a video detection system, enabling the real-time monitoring and data collection of the retaining wall structure. Lastly, leveraging video image processing technology, the system identifies surface deformations and calculates the wall's inclination angle through algorithms, facilitating the implementation of an automatic early warning mechanism.