## 1 Introduction
### Biochemical Targets in Mental Health Disorders  
Key biochemical targets for mental diseases involve complex interactions within the nervous system, impacting neurotransmitter function, neuroplasticity, and neuroinflammation. For instance, recent research has illuminated the crucial roles of acetylcholinesterase-cholinesteraseerase (AChE), butyrylcholinesteraseerase (BuChE), and amyloid beta (A\(\beta\)42) across Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and psychiatric disorders, suggesting these biomolecules as pivotal therapeutic targets. In AD, both AChE and BuChE are associated with disease pathology, indicating their potential as targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions [6]. The development of multi-target-directed ligands, such as 4-methylthicoumarin derivatives, highlights the advancement in AD treatment by inhibiting these enzymes alongside \(\beta\)-amyloid aggregation and oxidative stress [7]. The exploration of novel cholinesterase inhibitors with multi-faceted therapeutic approaches, as reviewed by [PERSON] [8], emphasizes the need for a comprehensive strategy to address the multifactorial nature of AD [8]. Furthermore, the identification of BuChE as a pharmacological target for neurological disorders accentuates its role in amyloid-beta regulation, offering a new perspective on therapeutic targets [9]. These insights suggest a complex but promising frontier in developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders by targeting AChE, BuChE, and A\(\beta\)42.  
While direct research on the role of acetylcholinesterase-cholinesteraseerase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesteraseerase (BuChE) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains limited, the utilization of AChE and BuChE inhibitors--traditionally employed in Alzheimer's disease (AD)--for treating PD dementia indicates a shared therapeutic approach among neurodegenerative disorders. Rivastigmine, an FDA-approved dual inhibitor of AChE and BuChE, exemplifies this convergence in therapeutic strategies between AD and PD dementia. Recent investigations into novel carbamates have demonstrated superior inhibitory potency compared to rivastigmine, suggesting their potential as efficacious treatments for both conditions [10; 11]. This line of research unveils a promising trajectory for the development of innovative drugs targeting AChE and BuChE in the management of various neurodegenerative diseases.  
Moreover, acetylcholinesterase-cholinesteraseerase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesteraseerase (BuChE) also play crucial roles in psychiatric disorders, impacting mood and cognitive functions through the cholinergic system. Research indicates their involvement in substance abuse and related neurochemical imbalances, highlighting their significance in conditions such as depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. For instance, studies on substance abuse underscore the complex interplay between cholinergic neurons and psychiatric conditions, pointing towards the therapeutic potential of targeting AChE and BuChE in these disorders [12]. Additionally, research focused on schizophrenia patients provides further evidence of the critical role these enzymes play in the pathology of psychiatric diseases, advocating for their exploration as therapeutic targets [13]. This body of work suggests that AChE and BuChE inhibitors may offer novel approaches for treating psychiatric conditions by modulating cholinergic neurotransmission.