## 5 Overview of Policy, Technology, and Stakeholder Collaboration
### Policy Overview  
This policy overview integrates key recommendations from relevant and selected articles from the study to highlight the critical roles of coordinated government support, flexible governance structures, and strategic investment tools in advancing green shipping corridors for maritime decarbonization. A comprehensive policy overview of the green shipping corridor concept should adhere to the integration of the foundational insights from institutional theory, stakeholder influence, and the strategic role of policy in maritime sustainability. [PERSON] et al. (2011) emphasize that the adoption of green shipping practices (GSPs) hinges on robust institutional frameworks characterized by coercive regulatory mechanisms, industry standard compliance (normative pressures), and market-driven environmental expectations (mimetic pressures) [46]. Policies must, therefore, reinforce these dimensions, ensuring that shipping companies integrate eco-friendly equipment and voyage optimization into corporate procedures, documentation, and design compliance [40]. [PERSON] et al. (2017) reinforce this view by demonstrating how stakeholder pressures significantly influence shipping companies' sustainable practices. The integration of stakeholder theory, planned behavior theory, and resource dependence theory reveals that institutional policies must go beyond regulatory enforcement and include mechanisms for encouraging proactive corporate behavior, especially among larger firms, and consider differential pressures experienced by shipping subsectors such as bulk and container shipping [49]. The broader policy implications for fostering green shipping corridors are elaborated by [55]. The scholars identify a deficiency in policy frameworks that quantitatively assess the impact of green initiatives on both environmental and economic performance. The authors note that policymakers should bridge this shortcoming through interdisciplinary collaboration via the implementation of combined methodological approaches such as mathematical modeling, scenario analyses, and sensitivity analyses to inform targeted interventions and assess the efficacy of environmental regulations. Policies should adhere to technological roadmaps and emission targets established through international agreements, as detailed by [31; 50]. Policy frameworks should complement the adoption of zero-carbon synthetic fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. These fuels are recommended for achieving significant emission reductions by 2050. Policies must address infrastructural development, technological maturity, and the economic viability of fuel alternatives, focusing on energy density and the specific operational needs of diverse shipping routes and vessel types. Furthermore, the role of voluntary corporate initiatives under strategic regulatory guidance is explored by [51]. Their study indicates that voluntary sustainability measures, although impactful, require complementary economic incentives and regulatory support to overcome initial investment barriers. This aligns with [41], who underline the necessity of government-led collaborative governance integrating operational practices such as optimized berth allocation, sailing speed adjustments, and coordinated scheduling between ports and shipping operators. Lastly, refs. [48; 54] highlight that policy frameworks must incorporate flexible decision-making tools like real options analysis (ROA) to navigate uncertainties associated with investing in emerging environmental technologies such as LNG retrofitting. Policies that encourage strategic investment deferrals can minimize financial risks and incentivize long-term commitment to green shipping technologies. In conclusion, policy frameworks supporting green shipping corridors are to be integrative, incorporating institutional theory perspectives, stakeholder engagement, multidisciplinary methodologies, strategic incentives, and flexible investment decision tools.