# Secure and Dynamic Memory Management Architecture for Virtualization Technologies in IoT Devices
## 2 Security of IoT  
IoT devices are widely used in the automobile industry for driver-assistance systems [3] and to achieve the industry goal of driverless cars. The information from IoT devices is used to control the acceleration, braking, and other functionalities of the car [3, 4]. Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in these types of IoT devices on the internet to carry out undesirable events on cars, such as increasing the speed of the car and braking or swerving suddenly, which may create dangerous situations on the road. As pointed out in Section 1, IoT devices can widely differ in networking technology, and thereby differ significantly in terms of the nature of their security issues. Vulnerilities in hardware design are also a significant challenge in consumer and industrial IoT devices [5]. Hence, the security of the IoT is an open research area where the security issues are heterogeneous. The richness of sensors and communications in embedded systems leads to threats that are far more prevalent [6] than those in normal systems. This observation motivates researchers in the area of security to work towards the security of IoT devices and systems. The security of any system requires satisfying three necessary security conditions: confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA). These critical principles of security have to be accomplished for the information infrastructure at each layer of the IoT architecture to ensure the safety of the IoT system [4, 7, 8]. In a typical computing environment, confidentiality, integrity, and availability are ensured through the implementation of cryptographic methods like encryption, decryption, and hashing. However,in an embedded environment, these conventional solutions are not suitable due to the power and performance constraints of embedded devices [2; 9]. A detailed survey on the topic of Internet of things security [10] compared conventional system security and IoT system security and concluded that the traditional security mechanisms are not applicable in IoT systems, as the approaches are different in both systems. The survey included various types of IoT security solutions which are suitable for different kinds of IoT systems. The review also suggests finding a global security architecture for IoT systems instead of individual solutions. Redesigning the system functionalities considering the security and performance requirements may be a viable solution to the security issues in embedded platforms [2]. The following paragraphs review the security solutions available in the literature, which are claimed to be better for embedded systems regarding performance compared to conventional security solutions available on conventional systems. * Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in IoT devices in complex IoT environments for achieving better security [11]. AI-based methods use fewer resources than conventional methods. Neural networks, fuzzy logic and systems, and semantic computing are the methods used to meet the security requirements. Abnormal behavior analysis is an AI-based method to analyze the security of an entity. An AI profile is created for each entity, based on its normal behavior. Based on these AI profiles, entities are classified as secure and non-secure. This AI technique is used in smart home networks [2] for the protection of the sensor layer in the IoT architecture. Anomaly behavior analysis is executed on each sensor node and continuously evaluated to protect the operations of each node against threats. * [PERSON] et al. [12] describe an enhanced AI method for smart homes that classifies devices irrespective of the device type into three isolation levels--strict, restricted, and trusted. Each device is associated with a fingerprint. Fingerprints are generated from the packets generated by the devices [12]. A single classifier is trained for each device type. Each classifier provides a binary decision whether the input fingerprint matches the device-type or not.