# Graphene and Iron Reinforced Polymer Composite Electromagnetic Shielding Applications: A Review
## 5 Polymer-Based Composites
### Graphene@Iron@Polymer Composites
#### 5.1.2 Interpretation of Graphene@Iron@Polymer Based Composites Articles
[128] synthesized a graphene aerogel (GA) with PDMS polymer, where shielding effectiveness of 60 dB was achieved within the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. In another study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [129], a 3D-graphene network combined with PDMS was used for high performance EMI shielding. With this combination, 6100 S/m electrical conductivity was achieved even with a low graphene loading of 1.2 wt.%. Also, around 40 and 90 dB, EMI shielding effectiveness was attained in the X-band range when the thickness was kept as 0.25 and 0.75 mm. It is noteworthy that with a 1.2 wt.% loading level, a 256% increase was observed in the tensile strength of the composite. [PERSON] et al. [129] formed a composite of in-situ grown hollow Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) with graphenefoam (GF) and PDMS by using the solvothermal method for high EMI shielding effectiveness. The results showed that 70.37 dB shielding effectiveness was achieved in the X-band frequency. [PERSON] et al. [130] worked on multifunctional broadband EMI shielding skins using MXene(Ti\({}_{3}\)C\({}_{2}\)T\({}_{\rm X}\))/graphene/PDMS composites. MXene is a newly developed shielding material that provides high shielding effectiveness [131]. Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) nanoparticles added with Ti\({}_{3}\)C\({}_{2}\)T\({}_{\rm X}\) was coated on graphene foams, where the thickness was kept as 1 mm. The results revealed that an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness was achieved in X-band with 80 dB, whereas, in Ka-band, 77 dB shielding effectiveness was achieved. [PERSON] et al. [132] optimized flexible polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with high-aligned graphene nanosheets and Ni nanochains for EMI shielding. With sample thickness kept as 0.5 mm in K-band range, 43.3 dB shielding effectiveness was achieved. Whereas, by increasing the thickness up to 0.7 mm, 51.4 dB shielding effectiveness was achieved within the same frequency range. [PERSON] et al. [133] grow copper sulphide (CuS) flowers on graphene oxide and later mix it with PVDF polymer. The composites showed shielding effectiveness up to \(-25\) dB at the 12-18 GHz frequency range. Multi-layered graphene nanosheets synthesized with Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) and PVDF showed better results where shielding effectiveness of 52 dB was achieved at X-band frequency range while keeping the sample thickness as 0.3 mm [134]. With in-situ growth, RGO and hematite nanohybrids were synthesized with the addition of PVDF. While keeping its loading as 5 wt.%, the maximum absorbing value of \(-43.97\) dB was achieved at 5 GHz [135]. [PERSON] et al. [136] synthesized graphene (Gn) and silicon carbide nanowires (SiCnw) with PVDF via electrostatic assembly and solution casting method. Shielding effectiveness of 32.5 dB was achieved with 1.2 mm sample thickness when tested in the X-band frequency range. [PERSON] et al. [137] synthesized PVDF with graphene nanocomposite via a solution casting method. Shielding effectiveness of 47 dB was achieved within the X-band frequency range with 20 \(\upmu\)m thickness. [PERSON] et al. [138] worked on the three-layered sandwich structure of PVDF, graphene nanoplatelets, nickel (Ni) and carbon nanotubes (CNT). The composite was tested for a three-layered and six-layered structure where shielding effectiveness of 41.8 dB and 46.4 dB was achieved at 15 GHz with a fixed thickness of 0.6 mm. [PERSON] et al. [139] synthesized PVDF with nanocrystalline iron (n-Fe) to form a shielding composite which was tested within the X-band frequency range. The composite provided shielding effectiveness of 40.21 dB with a 1.93 mm thickness sample. PVDF was also synthesized with ferrosoferric oxide decorated polyaniline/ single wall carbon nanohrom (PFC) to form a shielding composite. A reflection loss of \(-29.7\) dB appeared within the Ku-band with 2 mm thickness [140]. [PERSON] et al. [132] optimized 3D copper nanowires-thermally annealed graphene aerogel (CuNWs-TAGA) with epoxy by a thermal annealing method.