## 2 Construction Aspects for Energy Performance Improvement
### Location and Orientation
#### 2.1.2 Influence of Solar Radiation on Greenhouses
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study Title** & **Purpose of the Study** & **Methodology Used** & **Main Results** \\ \hline Solar radiation allocation and spatial distribution in Chinese solar greenhouses. Model development and application [53] & Quantitative assessment of the light environment in Chinese solar greenhouses, analyzing the shape of the greenhouse, materials and solar radiation. & Evaluate the model under different climatic conditions, demonstrating its effectiveness. & Develop a mathematical model that optimizes the distribution of light inside Chinese solar greenhouses, improving not only cultivation but also thermal efficiency near the north wall. \\ \hline A review on opportunities for implementation of solar greenhouses, including photovoltaic, gradient-thermal, and solar thermal collectors. & Review of the literature on the integration of solar energy technologies in energy technologies in agricultural greenhouses, as well as the use of thermal energy storage units (TES). & Identification of opportunities and challenges in the implementation of solar energy technologies in greenhouses Emphasis on the efficiency of PVT modules in the production of heat and electricity and the positive energy storage units (TES). & Identification of opportunities and challenges in the implementation of solar greenhouses, increasing it by 29\%. \\ \hline Design challenges of agricultural greenhouses in hot and arid environments. A previous work [65] & Review of previous research on greenhouse design characteristics, including effective cooling and operating strategies for maintaining satisfactory climatic conditions. & Review highlights sustainable design and operation strategies for greenhouse in arid environments, technologies and operating strategies for climate control for energy efficiency and water conservation. \\ \hline Solar greenhouses: Climates, glass selection, and plant well-being [66] & To analyze the performance of Venlo-type solar greenhouses in 48 locations around the world, identifying the best transparent envelope solution for different latitudes. & Use of TRNsys software for simulations, considering different thermal phenomena, exact 3D position of lamps, evapotranspiration of soil and plants, and coefficients of convective heat transfer. \\ \hline Analytical model for solar radiation transparent surface of solar greenhouse [50] & Develop an improved mathematical model to calculate the total solar radiation captured by the curved surface of a solar greenhouse. & Use of the MATLAB platform to calculate the total solar radiation, considering the radiation reflected from the external soil, with the external soil, with significant vertical of the results. & The radiation reflected from the ground outside is important by the same order of magnitude as scattered radiation, and reflected sunlight should not be overlooked, especially for cities at high altitudes. \\ \hline Achieving Net Zero Energy Greenhouses by Integrating Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells (OSCs) [44] & Evaluate the integration of OSCs in greenhouses to reduce energy consumption and achieve net-zero energy while minimizing the attenuation of sunlight useful to plants. & Integration of OSCs in the greenhouse and the annual energy surplus in warm and moderate climates. OSCs are excellent candidates for implementation in greenhouses and offer a significant opportunity to diversify sustainable energy generation technology. \\ \hline Energy and optical analysis of photovoltaic thermal integrated with rotary linear curved & Analyze the energetic and optical performance of a thermal photovoltaic system integrated with a rotating linear curved Fresnel lens inside a Chinese solar greenhouse. & Implementation of an integrated CPV/T system with a cylindrical Fresnel lens in a Chinese greenhouse, performance evaluation & It has achieved a non-plantable space utilization of 18.2\%, maximum power generation efficiency of 18\% at noon, maximum thermal efficiency of 45\%, and total energy efficiency of 55\%, offering an integrated solution to improve energy efficiency. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}