# Design and Testing of a Measurement Device for High-Speed Bearing Evaluation
## 1 Introduction  
Nanotechnologies enable the manipulation and modeling of substances at the atomic level, allowing the creation of materials with unique structures and improved properties. These materials are subsequently used either independently or in combination with other substances, forming nanocomposites or nanofluids--colloidal liquid or gaseous solutions of nanoparticles. They have found relatively wide-ranging applications in various sectors, including the automotive industry (tires with increased road adhesion and reduced rolling resistance, water-repellent and scratch-resistant car paints, thin-film coatings on windows repelling water and dirt, and motor oils with enhanced lubricating properties), as well as in other areas such as cosmetics (toothpaste, sunscreens with UV filters), the food industry (anticoagulants in food powders), textile manufacturing (fabrics resistant to odors and hydrophobic textile materials), and construction. Currently, nanotechnology is an intriguing field in lubrication. A significant number of researchers have been exploring the idea of using nanoparticles as anti-friction additives to combat wear. Some potential advantages of using nanoparticles as lubricant additives are cited by [PERSON] [1]. These include low interaction with other additives, the ability to form a film on various types of surfaces, increased resistance, inertness to other additives, high non-volatility, and resistance to high temperatures. Metallic nanoparticles exhibit excellent chemical and physical properties [2]. Numerous studies have explored the use of various types of metallic nanoparticle additives such as Cu, Fe, Co, Ag, Pd, Ni, or Au as lubricants. The incorporation of these additives into lubricating oils significantly reduces friction and enhances wear resistance [3]. [PERSON] et al. [4] conducted tribological tests with Fe, Cu, and Co nanoparticles added to mineral oil, resulting in a significant reduction in frictionand wear, with the best results achieved with Cu nanoparticles. [PERSON] et al. [5] evaluated the tribological behavior of Ni nanoparticles as additives in lubricating oils and concluded that Ni nanoparticles improve lubricants' frictional properties and extend their lifespan. [PERSON] and colleagues [6] studied the lubrication, friction, and wear of rapeseed and mineral oils with and without the presence of surface-active iron particles. These authors noted that adding 0.1% by weight of Fe nanoparticles to rapeseed oil reduced the coefficient of friction and wear. Nanoparticles composed of metal oxides can be made from various materials, including zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide. [PERSON] and co-authors [7] discussed the tribological behavior of CuO, ZrO\({}_{2}\), and ZnO nanoparticles as anti-wear additives in polyalphaolefin (PAO6). They concluded that all nanoparticle dispersions can reduce the friction coefficient and enhance the wear resistance properties of the base oil (PAO6). [PERSON] et al. [8] published a review on the tribological properties of several metal oxide nanoparticles, such as CuO, TiO\({}_{2}\), and CeO\({}_{2}\), as anti-friction properties and anti-wear additives. [PERSON] and colleagues [9] examined the tribological behavior of two different lubricants, motor oil and base oil, with added CuO, TiO\({}_{2}\), and nanodiamond nanoparticles. The results obtained by these authors demonstrated that all nanoadditives exhibited excellent friction reduction and wear reduction, particularly with CuO. [PERSON] et al. [10] investigated the effects of titanium oxide nanoparticles on the tribological behavior of mineral oil. An increase in the friction coefficient was observed in comparison to the base oil for all compositions that used commercially available TiO\({}_{2}\) nanoparticles. The use of nanoparticles as additives in lubricants can enhance the performance of lubricants in various applications, such as the automotive industry, aerospace industry, and heavy machinery industry.