# Comparing Monitoring Networks to Assess Urban Heat Islands in Smart Cities
## 5 Analysis of the Measurement Data
### Control Zones  
The three selected areas are on the edge of the city: North, West, and South (definition in Appendices B and C) and include AWSs from all three networks.  
Figure 12 shows a similar hourly general oscillation between the networks in all three zones and between their AWSs during the week in question. In a more specific analysis, the following should be highlighted:  
* The superposition of registers between Bs and WU (mostly in the North and South zones).
* The great similarity between the registers of the AWSs of Bs in each of the three zones (means of 1.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 0.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C in West and South).
* The great difference between the values of the AWSs of WU in the West zone (mean of 1.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C and maximum of 4.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C).
* The lack of continuity in the registers of the AWSs of Nt (some had to be excluded in the data quality control) and large differences between their registers in the West zone (mean of 2.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C and maximum of 7.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C), especially in the maximums, which were also very high in the North zone (up to 8.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C more than Bs and 9.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C more than WU, on August 15 th at 16:00 h).  
Figure 12: Hourly evolution of AWS temperatures for each zone (North, West, and South) for the week of 12 to 18 August 2024.  
From the analysis of the indicators in each of the zones (Table 2), the following general conclusions have been obtained:  
* Large absolute differences between the registers of the AWSs of Nt, with a mean of 2.6 \(\pm\) 0.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C and a maximum of 6.8 \(\pm\) 0.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Bs and WU show greater compactness between their AWSs, with a mean of 1 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and a maximum of 3.7 \(\pm\) 1.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 4.5 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively.
* A similar amplitude (mean of the AWS) between the networks of the West and South zones, while in the North zone, the Nt measures 2.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 3.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C more with respect to the Bs and WU, respectively.
* Larger daily maximum and minimum registers in Nt with respect to Bs and WU, with a mean of 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C more in the minimums and 2.9 \(\pm\) 2.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 3.6 \(\pm\) 3.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C more in the maximums, respectively. Small differences between Bs and WU, of 0.8 \(\pm\) 1.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C in the minimums and 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C in the maximums.
* Weekly average larger in Nt with respect to Bs and WU, with 1.1 \(\pm\) 1.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 1.2 \(\pm\) 1.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C more on average, respectively. Mean difference of 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C between Bs and WU.
* Similar daytime and nighttime totals for CDD in Bs and WU (difference of 2%). Larger values in Nt with respect to Bs and WU, over 6 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 8 \({}^{\circ}\)C-day, respectively, in the daytime and approximately 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C-day at night. This supposes an increase with respect to Bs and WU of 8 \(\pm\) 8% and 11 \(\pm\) 12% in the daytime and 23 \(\pm\) 4% and 21 \(\pm\) 0% at night, respectively.
* A similar share between daytime and nighttime CDD, with respect to the total, in all three networks, around 68% and 32%.