## 3 Materials and Methods
### Hybrid User Study with Domain Experts
#### 3.3.3 Remote User Study Set-Up  
The user study was held remotely, meaning that all the participants were present from different locations. In each session, VR-participants performed testing at KONE facilities from two different rooms, whereas Teams-participants connected from other countries. All communication was conducted via Teams, as shown in Figure 5. The main facilitator moderated the user test from the same room with VR-participant 1, whose point-of-view was streamed over Teams. The support facilitator was present in another room with VR-participant 2 to provide guidance and technical assistance. The chat facilitator was present in Teams meetings to manage Teams-participants and track the completion of their tasks. All sessions were observed by at least one industrial researcher. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Task Number** & **Task Description** & **Task Type** & **Participants** & **Tool Used** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Scenario 1–a 3D CAD model exploration in collaborative space (Showroom VE)} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & Open a 3D model, explode it & \multirow{3}{*}{Individual} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Disassembler} \\  & and adjust the scale, distance & & & \\  & and levitation & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & Locate a component (batteries), & \multirow{3}{*}{Shared} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR1, T1, T2} & Disassembler, \\  & find a good angle and take & & & desktop tools \\ \cline{3-5}  & a screenshot & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{3} & Take a photo to support the & \multirow{3}{*}{Shared} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR2, T2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Camera tool–outline mode} \\  & illustrators for the battery & & & \\ replacement task in outline & & & & \\ rendering mode & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4} & Get additional photos in & \multirow{3}{*}{Shared} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR2, T2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Camera tool–outline mode} \\  & outline rendering mode & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{5} & Take a photo to support the & \multirow{3}{*}{Individual} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR1} & \multirow{3}{*}{Camera tool–regular mode} \\  & illustrators for the battery & & & \\ replacement task using a & & & & \\ regular camera mode & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{6} & Teleport to Lab VE & Individual & VR1, VR2 & \multirow{3}{*}{Wrist-menu} \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Scenario 2-Assembly/disassembly of a 3D CAD model in a simulated context (Lab VE)} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{7} & Take general measurements of & \multirow{3}{*}{Individual} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Measure tool} \\  & the component & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{8} & Take additional measurements & \multirow{3}{*}{Shared} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR1, VR2, T1, T2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Measure tool, desktop tools} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & wall) and record them via & & & \\ a screenshot & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{9} & Document the battery & \multirow{3}{*}{Individual} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR1} & \multirow{3}{*}{Textbox tool–speech-to-text} \\  & replacement workflow via & & & \\ speech input & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{10} & Add a text note with the name & \multirow{3}{*}{Individual} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Textbox tool–virtual keyboard} \\  & of the component via & & & \\ virtual keyboard & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{11} & Delete the last text note & \multirow{3}{*}{Shared} & \multirow{3}{*}{VR2, T2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Delete tool} \\  & on request & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Tasks for the user study. VR-participants and facilitators could listen and talk to others on the call using external speakers with built-in microphones, while the meeting audio was transferred to the VR headsets utilizing their built-in microphones for communication by adjusting Teams audio settings. In other words, the headsets acted as the aforementioned external speakers. Additionally, the rooms with VR-participants were equipped with standalone cameras to stream the physical view of the rooms via Teams. A more detailed description of the setup and procedure is presented in [61].