# Multi-Objective Routing and Categorization of Urban Network Segments for Cyclists
## 4 Discussion  
### General Discussion--Observations  
The following conclusions are drawn from the implementation of our multi-objective routing model for cyclists in the designated study area. First, it is observed that all the routes in the Pareto front pass behind the Zappeion Palace. This is logical because the bicycle-accessible links within the Zappeion Gardens have the best values for most objective functions of the problem, making them suitable for bicycle path layout. Second, for solutions 1 to 4, only minor variations in the use of a footpath can be observed. Solution 1, which minimizes the values of the travel time and pedestrian load variables, seems to prefer predominantly the ri street elements to pi pedestrian elements. This is logical because the travel time on the sidewalk is on average 1.44 times longer than that on the street. This makes it particularly suited for commuters who prioritize efficiency and speed in reaching their destination. Since this route minimizes interactions with pedestrians, it is also ideal for use during peak times, such as the morning and evening rush hours, where pedestrian volumes are typically high. For recreational cyclists, this route may be less appealing due to its emphasis on speed and minimal leisurely elements. In contrast, solutions 2, 3, and 4, which minimize the values of the average vehicle speed and bus transit and maximize the value of the pavement width, seem to prefer the pi pavement elements to those of the ri streets. Specifically, in solution 2, the route is tailored for cyclists who require smoother travel with fewer steep slopes and with opportunities for overtaking. Commuters who navigate the city during peak hours and seek routes with fewer steep slopes would  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Solution**} & **Total** & **Meters of** & **Average** & **Meters of** & **Meters of** & **Meters of** & **Cyling** & **Travel** & **Uphill–** & **Pavement** & **Local** \(\times\) \\  & **Path** & **Confaflow** & **Veling** & **Veling** & **Overtake** & **in Bus** & **in Cycle** & **Time** & **Downhill** & **Area** & **Length** \(\times\) \\  & **Length** & **Cycling** & **Road** & **Ability** & **by** & **Transit** & **Line** & **(Seconds)** & **Meters** & **Used** & **Pavement** \\  & **(m)** & **(m)** & **(m)** & **Cars (m)** & **Lane (m)** & **(m)** & **(m)** & **(m)** & **(m)** & **(m)** & **(m)** & **(m)** \\ \hline
1 & 1099.97 & 34.89 & 12,831.306 & 1043.64 & 310.67 & 0 & 211.5 & 12.35 & 5280.7015 & 3644.36 \\
2 & 1119.27 & 0 & 12,320.865 & 1119.27 & 310.67 & 0 & 214.3 & 12.35 & 5280.7015 & 3853.611 \\
3 & 1119.27 & 0 & 1857.6 & 1117.43 & 51.6 & 0 & 241 & 12.35 & 7602.7538 & 8919.4967 \\
4 & 1135.41 & 34.89 & 5507.9157 & 1114.38 & 0 & 0 & 229.6 & 12.35 & 6506.279 & 6302.14 \\
5 & 1119.27 & 34.89 & 8846.4657 & 1117.43 & 199.98 & 0 & 218.9 & 12.35 & 5618.306 & 3853.611 \\
6 & 1119.27 & 0 & 8336.025 & 1119.27 & 199.98 & 0 & 221.7 & 12.35 & 5923.5323 & 4025.874 \\
7 & 1043.64 & 34.89 & 1175.281 & 1043.64 & 262.74 & 0 & 215.7 & 12.35 & 5552.646 & 4690.4688 \\
8 & 1119.27 & 34.89 & 7768.0407 & 1117.43 & 152.05 & 0 & 223.1 & 12.35 & 5890.0691 & 4660.4688 \\
9 & 1043.64 & 0 & 11,242.44 & 1043.64 & 262.74 & 0 & 218.5 & 12.35 & 5857.6909 & 4862.7325 \\
10 & 1119.27 & 0 & 7285.75 & 1119.27 & 152.05 & 0 & 225.9 & 12.35 & 6195.9454 & 4862.7325 \\
11 & 1043.64 & 34.89 & 9691.4307 & 1043.64 & 310.67 & 0 & 220.1 & 12.35 & 6071.95 & 4290.154 \\
12 & 1119.27 & 34.89 & 5706.9507 & 1117.43 & 199.98 & 0 & 227.5 & 12.35 & 6409.5545 & 6290.154 \\
13 & 1119.27 & 0 & 9180.99 & 1119.27 & 310.67 & 0 & 222.9 & 12.35 & 6377.1763 & 6462.4177 \\
14 & 1119.27 & 0 benefit from this solution, as it minimizes contraflow cycling and maximizes overtaking options. Recreational cyclists, particularly those new to urban cycling, would also find this solution practical as it avoids the added risk associated with contraflow cycling, creating a more comfortable experience on city roads.