## 2 The Literature Review
### Barriers to IoT Implementation in Textile Industry
It presents a case study on the implementation of an IoT-driven framework in the Pakistani textile sector to serve as a benchmark for other textile-producing regions aiming for digital and sustainable transformations. The methodology employed for selecting articles for inclusion in Table A1 (Appendix A) was conducted rigorously to ensure comprehensive coverage of research pertaining to the integration of IoT and remote sensing in the Pakistani textile industry, along with the associated limitations in its implementation within the prevailing economic conditions. Selected articles were assessed for quality and relevance by evaluating their methodology, findings, and limitations related to IoT barriers, which included various aspects such as cybersecurity issues, financial constraints, lack of frameworks, integration challenges, frameworks for IoT, optimized management systems with data-based automation and complex data analytics strategies, investment issues and cost reduction, power consumption, social and environmental aspects, and the business view of IoT. Articles with robust methodologies and a clear identification of barriers were prioritized. The systematic analysis of research gaps was conducted using two primary tables: Tables A1 and A2. The identified barriers were categorized to highlight recurring themes and common challenges across different studies. This categorization helped in understanding the prevalent issues in IoT implementation and provided a comprehensive view of the barriers. In Table A2, mapping was performed based on the primary focus and contributions of each study. By analyzing the distribution of studies across these focused areas, research gaps were identified. Areas with fewer studies or limited exploration were flagged as significant gaps. For instance, while there were numerous studies on Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing, areas like framework development for IoT and human factors/social impact had fewer contributions. The analysis involved looking at overlaps in research findings to confirm well-established barriers and identify underexplored areas that require further investigation. This provided a clear picture of where existing research is concentrated and where additional studies are needed. Research Gap: Exploring the Integration of IoT in the Textile Industry for Improved Productivity and Sustainability  
In exploring the integration of IoT within the textile industry to enhance productivity and sustainability under the umbrella of Industry 4.0, several key areas merit attention. First, while there is ample evidence supporting the potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) to revolutionize various sectors, including textiles [44], there is a growing complexity associated with its adoption. Challenges such as cybersecurity vulnerabilities, a lack of infrastructural support, financial constraints, limited knowledge about construction materials, and escalating expenditures pose significant hurdles [45]. The research aims to confront these challenges head-on by adopting a comprehensive approach, from concept inception to final implementation, to address the multifaceted issues hindering seamless integration. By leveraging structured information and proven strategies, organizations can navigate through these complexities and streamline their processes effectively [46]. To delve deeper into the potential of IoT integration and address the identified research gap, our study will explore the specific contributions of real-time monitoring using IoT sensors to operational efficiency and sustainability in the Pakistani textile sector. Therefore, this study proposes the following research questions:  
Research Question 1: How does real-time monitoring using IoT sensors impact operational efficiency and sustainability in the Pakistani textile sector, focusing on variables such as machinery breakdowns, energy consumption, and water usage?