# Impact of the Integration of the Electric Vehicle on Low-Voltage Rural Networks
## 6 Conclusions
The second proposed method involves installing a 4-branch D-STATCOM capable of balancing active power upstream to achieve zero current in the neutral while also reducing or eliminating reactive power upstream of its point of connection. With this system, the balance is obtained only in the line that is upstream of the connection point; in the rest of the network, the unbalance is present, but a reduction in the neutral current and a general improvement in the balance is obtained, which makes this solution attractive in case of large imbalances. The optimal location of the equipment is studied to analyze this solution, followed by assessing the required power and concluding that a power of 60 kVA is necessary for the proposed application in this network. This solution reduces current imbalances by around 70% and decreases losses by lowering the maximum line load up to 27%, but it has a smaller reduction in voltage drop than the first solution. However, this method is limited by the equipment's power as its effects depend on the point of connection and the imbalance in the grid. The third and final proposed solution combines the previous two methods, using a 30 kVA D-STATCOM. This combination provides the benefits of both previous solutions at a lower cost, halving the power of the D-STATCOM. With this solution, line loading is reduced by 41.6%, while the current balance is improved up to 65.4%, reducing losses by 52% with a minimum voltage of 0.92 p.u. Encouraging off-peak charging, particularly at night, can be accomplished by implementing higher tariffs during periods of high demand or by incentivizing users to install programmable devices. These measures can significantly contribute to a more equitable distribution of electrical load throughout the day, benefiting both grid management and users regarding energy efficiency and cost reduction. However, this may not be the best solution, as it does not guarantee that the grid voltage is maintained at adequate values. Much more interesting is the promotion of dynamic load control (V1G). This concept will allow EV charging to be adapted to the conditions of the grid where the vehicles are connected and will also improve the penetration of renewable energies, mainly distributed generation in households. The V1G concept will also allow future EV owners to participate by offering flexibility services to the DSO, such as congestion reduction or peak shaving. Finally, the sooner the implementation of dynamic controllable charging starts, the better the results will be, enabling higher penetration of EVs and distributed generation in LV grids. On the other hand, as has been seen, keeping voltages within the allowed ranges does not prevent the occurrence of significant imbalances. This problem may increase with the installation of distributed generation. In this respect, the DSO can rethink or reinforce the network. However, given the changing load profile of the grid and its variability over time in this new paradigm of EV and DG penetration, it is preferable to have dynamic systems that adapt to this variability, and the proposed DS-STATCOM has been demonstrated as a good solution. In summary, it is possible to connect the number of electric vehicles expected by 2030 to this network without building new lines or other infrastructure. Still, it is necessary that the charging of these vehicles is carried out in a controlled manner. The two solutions analyzed in this article and, especially, the combination of them allow the voltage values to remain in the considered range, a reduction in losses, and a decrease in the current imbalance index. Conceptualization, M.P.C. and J.F.S.-O. ; methodology, M.P.C., J.F.S.-O. and J.J.M. ; software, M.P.C. and O.G.-I., validation, M.P.C. and O.G.-I. ; writing--original draft preparation, J.J.M., O.G.-I. and J.F.S.-O. ; writing--review and editing, J.J.M. ; supervision, M.P.C. and J.F.S.-O. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.