## 3 Results of the Literature Review and Discussion
### Review of Research in the Field of Adaptive Dynamic Facades
At the same time, it was found that with an increase in the thickness of the thermal insulation of more than 5 cm and in the thickness of the concrete of more than 10 cm, the annual cooling load and the annual maximum cooling demand were reduced significantly. Using conventional ventilated facade solutions [30; 31], [PERSON] et al. [32] investigated the influence of the building orientation on energy savings as an adaptive solution. It was found that for higher northern latitudes in the southern orientation, the useful solar absorption differed by approximately 2%, 4% and 6% compared to the eastern, western and northern orientations, respectively. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [33] studied photovoltaic facades \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**\(\mathbf{\lambda}\)** & **Type/Year of Research** & **Research Focus** & **Results Obtained due to Adaptive Dynamic Solutions** \\ \hline
[89] & Theoretical/2019 & Energy storage sun wall on a south-facing facade under conditions of free and forced convection & The adaptive approach results in energy savings of more than 3\%. \\ \hline
[90; 91] & Theoretical/2019 & Application of coatings on the facade: coatings composed of vanadium dioxide alloyed with wolfram and aluminum nitride with high absorption capacity & It reduces the room temperature to 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C in summer; in the winter period, it increases to 3 \({}^{\circ}\)C. \\ \hline
[92; 93; 94] & Theoretical/2020 & Application of translucent ventilated membranes on building facades & The payback period was approximately 30 years. \\ \hline
[95; 96] & Experimental and theoretical/2020 & Application of cyber–physical systems on facades & The possibility of combining the function with respect to climatic indicators and the issue of ventilation with heating. \\ \hline
[97; 98] & Experimental/2020 & Air ducts for moisture removal & The ducts significantly reduced the humidity in the structure. \\ \hline
[99; 100; 101] & Theoretical/2021 & Panels with ventilated ducts & For a sharply continental climate, the seasons corresponding to the end of summer–beginning of autumn and winter–beginning of spring are the most critical in terms of moisture. \\ \hline
[102; 103; 104; 105] & Experimental and theoretical/2021 & Application of photovoltaic systems in buildings \\ \hline
[106; 107] & Experimental and theoretical/2022 & Energy-active solutions for external enclosures & Their use showed significant energy efficiency. \\ \hline
[108; 109; 110] & Experimental and theoretical/2022 & Increasing the thickness of the air cavity & It increased the heat flow through the cavity by up to 1.5 times. The use of reflective insulation on the surface of the cavity increased the temperature by 30\%. \\ \hline
[111; 112; 113] & Theoretical/2023 & Use of closed air spaces & Efficiency of application in cold conditions was up to 20\%. \\ \hline
[114; 115; 116; 117] & Theoretical and experimental/2023–2024 & Use of closed air spaces & Efficiency of application in cold conditions was up to 20\%. \\ \hline
[118; 119] & Theoretical and experimental/2024 & Dynamically adaptive solutions in ventilated facades & The heat dissipation efficiency is 2.1–2.6 times higher than that of conventional ventilated facades. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._and found that such structures significantly reduced the heating load, which was also confirmed by the work in [34]. In their study [35], [PERSON] et al. presented an external enclosure consisting of a ventilated air space and a dynamic thermal insulation layer through which air entered the building, which reduced the cooling losses [36]. Moreover, since the beginning of the 2000s, research has begun to focus on the active use of neural networks in the issue of cooling, the results of which have had a positive effect on the indoor microclimate [37]. As an adaptive dynamic system, [PERSON] et al.