# Collective Intelligence in Polish-Ukrainian Internet Projects. Debate Models and Research Methods
## 3 Results
### The Qualitative Research: In-Depth Interviews
#### 3.2.2 Online Communication on Polish-Ukrainian Issues. Debate Models  
The second topic that we raised during the qualitative research concerned the kinds of online communication that would be suitable for debating common Polish-Ukrainian issues. Referring to the debate models presented in the theoretical framework we asked which would be particularly relevant to existing or future Polish-Ukrainian internet projects. Participants of the study paid special attention to the problems associated with current Polish-Ukrainian communication in social media. They claim that the visible, but unreliable opinions in social media, which are the work of \"internet trolls\" (widely recognised as people paid by \"foreign organisations\" benefiting from disrupting Poles and Ukrainians), are a significant problem: \"There are powerful organisations involved in breaking up good Polish-Ukrainian relations online. A solution would be introducing very strict moderation, but it will not solve everything\". They provide examples of highly critical internet comments regarding the introduction of the Ukrainian language in public transport in Polish cities. These comments, due to phraseological and stylistic similarities, gave the impression of being written by one person or people using one pattern who pretend to be unrelated internet users. Participants see a need for AI \"self-learning\" algorithms that could detect top-down manipulated content. This kind of software should be used in filtering Polish-Ukrainian debates to allow the free exchange of opinions. In addition, they draw attention to possible difficulties in encouraging people to use dedicated online platforms for debate, because media outlets such as Facebook and Twitter dominate. This is related to a reluctance to engage in \"official\" cooperation, existing among both Ukrainians and Poles. Social media guarantees some anonymity and allows for free communication, but on the other hand using this kind of media does not translate into a real impact on civic life. Another equally important issue, is the choice of language that would be used to conduct a debate in a mixed Polish-Ukrainian community. Among the existing options (possible choice of Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, or English), most of the survey participants indicated that in the case of communication between members of the Ukrainian minority in Poland and the natives it should be Polish, as most Ukrainians living in Poland quickly gain fluency in this language and want to use it. Great linguistic similarities favor this. A certain barrier is the question of a different alphabet, however, the Latin alphabet is generally known among Ukrainians, but knowledge of the eastern alphabet is rather rare among Poles. Using Russian language, despite its popularity, as the official way of communication would now be burdened with negative stereotypes, and the use of English, although the most neutral, would limit communication to a small group of well-educated people, although it could be useful in the case of discussions on specialised topics. The last important issue in this topic was the reference to the debate models presented in the theoretical framework. The participants were asked which of them will be particularly relevant to existing or future Polish-Ukrainian internet projects. The answer to this question is complex. Conducting a debate in accordance with deliberative principles is certainly \"safer\", because this kind of debate is intended to seek a common denominator, mitigate the heterogeneity of participants, and focus on a common result that would be acceptable to all. In the face of existing (to a greater or lesser extent) contentious and emotional themes, often artificially fueled by \"internet trolls\" and unrepresentative media, focusing on consensus and substantive arguments seems to be a good method for developing cooperation between mixed Polish-Ukrainian communities. Participants claim that \"if we want effective cooperation, people must act primarily for the common good.