### Chemical Analysis of Both Cannabinoids and Essential Oil in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Phenotypes  
Due to the positive effects of _C. sativa_ on human health, it is slowly gaining acceptance as a medicine. Due to the human endocannabinoid system, cannabinoids bind to different receptors through which they act on different diseases [7]. Numerous research studies were conducted on the medicinal use of _Cannabis_. [PERSON] et al. [32] described 30 symptoms and diseases for which cannabis is used and most commonly reported. The most studied are multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, chronic pain, depression, arthritis, migraine, allergy, spinal pain asthma, and weight loss. Very important clinical studies were conducted also on treatments of several cancers, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, epilepsy, Huntington's diseases, Tourette's syndrome, and also for treating HIV/AIDS [29]. The benefits of using industrial hemp as medicine are in the low content of THC (lower than 0.3-1%), having no value as a recreational drug. Hemp with high CBD or other cannabinoid content, together with low THC content, could be available for general use without medical prescription and, on the other hand, farmers could grow industrial hemp for medicinal purposes without any special restrictions due to THC legislation. Consumption of hemp seeds has also positive effects on human health, especially because of the content of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Seeds contain also proteins, carbohydrates, oil and fibers, and minerals [33]. According to our results, specific phenotypes can be used for further breeding purposes with specific cannabinoid and/or terpenoid content, which could be used as supplementary ingredients or in pharmacy. [PERSON] et al. [34] reported different chemovars of _Cannabis_ with desirable cannabinoid and terpenoid profiles. Comparing our results with their research, the CII and TIV phenotypes had a high proportion of \(\alpha\)-pinene and a high proportion of CBD-A, which could be of interest due to their ability to improve learning and memory and as a modulator of THC overdose. TIV also had the most favorable ratio between total THC:CBD and high CBD content and \(\Delta\)-9-THC under 0.2%, which is the limit for varieties registered on the EU variety list. This phenotype could be very interesting in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of CBD. Due to its low THC content,  
Figure 4: Principal component analysis (PCA) plots of cannabinoid content for the Carmagnola selected variety without \(\Delta\)-8-THC, made on the first two PC scores (PC1 explained 41.89%, and PC2 explained 22.97%), with a total variance of 64.86%. it could also be grown outdoors by farmers. Phenotype TV had a high proportion of \(\alpha\)-pinene, a relatively high proportion of myrcene, and a THC-A and CBD-A ratio around 1:2. Myrcene is responsible for the sedative effects of _Cannabis_, and together with THC, it causes the \"couch-lock\" effect. All FS phenotypes had the highest amount of essential oil and cannabinoids, with especially high CBD, limone, \(\beta\)-caryophyllene, and \(\alpha\)-humulene proportions, which relieves pain and inflammation and treats addiction [34]. In the past, cannabis infloresances have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as acute pain, wound healing, insomnia, cough, and mania, which are also the subject of modern medicine studies related to cannabinoids [35]. Figure 5 explains [PERSON]'s correlation coefficient of all three varieties and their phenotypes based on the main terpenoids and cannabinoids. Only a correlation coefficient higher than 0.7 was considered a significant correlation. As seen in Figure 5, \(\alpha\)-pinene and \(\beta\)-pinene had a strong positive correlation. Cannabinoid CBD-A had a strong positive correlation with sesquiterpene \(\alpha\)-bisabolol and cannabinoids CBD, CBC, and CBC-A. Additionally, CBG showed a strong positive correlation with CBD and CBC. CBD had a negative correlation with caryophyllene oxide.