## 4 Case Study
Subsequently, users can manually and precisely set deformation observation points within these prominent red areas, assigning each point a rational and easily identifiable name. The software then automatically tracks and records deformation data for these critical observation points, effectively isolating and managing data from different zones. Through the precise monitoring of slope deformation and issuing timely warnings as necessary, the software ensures the accuracy and timeliness of safety monitoring. Each observation point has a corresponding displacement deformation curve. Based on the displacement deformation curve and the monitoring data from the observation points, landslide time prediction is carried out using the improved reciprocal velocity method. Displacement data and deformation velocity data of the monitoring points are extracted from the radar software (software version number: SSR200K V2.1). For convenience in data processing, data are extracted at an interval of one hour. The velocity values of SMA and LMA are then calculated according to Formula (5). The specific numerical values are shown in Table 2, and complete data are provided in Appendix A, Table A1. Figure 8: Kambove open-pit mine radar monitoring design scheme. The displacement, v-SMA, and v-LMA data are plotted into a curve graph, as shown in Figure 10. According to the method proposed by [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [23], the starting point of the acceleration phase, OOA, corresponds to a relative time T = 60.6 h on the horizontal axis. By comparing the displacement curves, it was found that at the OOA point, the displacement curve had not yet undergone significant nonlinear or accelerated changes. Considering that using OOA as the starting point for calculations may result in lower prediction time accuracy, this study proposes using a normally distributed confidence interval to dynamically identify the \(T_{SP}\) for the slope deformation acceleration. The \(T_{SP}\) point is selected based on whether the velocity variable no longer falls within the confidence interval (\(\mu-2\sigma,\ \mu+2\sigma\)), where \(\mu\) represents the mean and \(\sigma\) is calculated using Formula (6), as shown below. \[\sigma=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(\mathrm{v_{i}}-\overline{v})^{2}}{n-1} \tag{6}\]  
Using Table 1 and Formula (6), the curve shown in Figure 11 can be calculated. After the OAA point, the velocity curve monitored by the radar is still within the confidence interval. However, at \(T\) = 72.55 h, the velocity curve no longer falls within the velocity confidence interval (\(\mu-2\sigma,\ \mu+2\sigma\)), and this point is identified as the \(T_{SP}\) point. The  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Relative Time t/h** & **Displacement/mm** & **Velocity/(mm/h)** & \(\mathbf{v}\)**-SMA/(mm/h)** & \(\mathbf{v}\)**-LMA/(mm/h)** \\ \hline
1.59 & 1.75 & 1.83 & - & - \\
2.58 & 3.49 & 1.72 & - & - \\
3.53 & 4.9 & 1.73 & 1.76 & - \\
4.58 & 5.82 & 1.14 & 1.53 & - \\
5.54 & 7.15 & 1.64 & 1.50 & - \\
6.53 & 8.12 & 1.24 & 1.34 & - \\
7.57 & 8.95 & 1.05 &point marks the critical transition from the second stage of creep deformation (constant velocity deformation stage) to the third stage (acceleration deformation stage). Based on Formula (4), a logarithmic curve of \(\Delta\)t-\(\log(T)\) is plotted, and the values of parameters \(A\), \(B\), and \(C\) are obtained from the simulation results, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 4:0 The monitoring data after the \(T_{SP}\) point are fitted using a logarithmic function model. As subsequent monitoring data are input, the landslide prediction time becomes increasingly close to the actual landslide time. Figure 13 shows the actual landslide scene at the site. The landslide mass gradually expands from the front edge towards the back edge, exhibiting the characteristic sliding pattern of 'progressive retrogression'. The main reason for this is the disturbance caused by underlying mining activities, which leads to tensile stress concentration at the top of the slope in the front edge.