# Rapid In-Field Volatile Sampling for Detection of _Botrytis cinerea_ Infection in Wine Grapes
## 4 Conclusions  
In this experiment, volatile metabolites related to _B. cinerea_ grape infection were detected using ZIF-8 as absorbent materials for thermal desorption GC-MS during in-field volatile sampling experiments. When used with stable environmental conditions incorporating an internal standard to improve sampling efficacy, the ZIF8 absorbent resulted in showing excellent correlations between the target volatile compounds' _B. cinerea_ grape infection antigen LFD scores. The performance of key markers for fungal infection, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-one, and 1-octen-ol, using ZIF-8, demonstrated improved sensitivity when compared to the commercially available material, Tenax(r)-TA. Positive correlations between the detection of key _B. cinerea_ grape infection markers, such as 1,5-dimethyltetralin and the LFD scores, were observed, indicating that this sampling collection method may be potentially applied for the detection and prediction of grape _B. cinerea_ infection in field. This series of experiments demonstrated a proof of concept for the use of tuneable and selective absorbent solid-phase materials for the in-filed sampling of targeted compounds. **Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules28135227/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules28135227/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules28135227/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules28135227/s1)), Table S1: The _p_-values for cross-correlation between LFD signal intensity representing _B. cinerea_ infection severities and volatile metabolites detection in grapes by thermal desorption GC-MS with ZIF-8 as absorbent materials, using an enclosed glass container system for sampling. LFD, lateral flow device; 1,5-DMT, 1,5-dimethyltetralin; PEA, phenylethyl alcohol; 1,5-DMN, 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene, Table S2: The _p_-values for healthy (LFD = 12-14) and _B. cinerea_ infected (LFD = 37-97) grape bunches. LFD, lateral flow device; 1,5-DMT, 1,5-dimethyltetralin; PEA, phenylethyl alcohol; 1,5-DMN, 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene, Table S3: The _p_-values for cross-correlation between LFD signal intensity representing _B. cinerea_ infection severities and volatile metabolites detection in grapes by SPME GC-MS. LFD, lateral flow device; 1,5-DMT, 1,5-dimethyltetralin; PEA, phenylethyl alcohol; 1,5-DMN, 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene, Table S4: The _p_-values for cross-correlation between LFD signal intensity representing _B. cinerea_ infection severities and volatile metabolites detection in grapes by thermal desorption GC-MS with ZIF-8 as absorbent materials, using low-flow-rate in-field sampling. LFD, lateral flow device; 1,5-DMT, 1,5-dimethyltetralin; PEA, phenylethyl alcohol; 1,5-DMN, 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene. **Author Contributions:** L.J., conceptualisation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, visualisation, writing--original draft, and writing--review and editing; M.C.D., formal analysis, investigation, methodology, conceptualization, and supervision; W.A.D., conceptualisation, supervision, and writing--review and editing; C.C.S., conceptualisation, supervision, resources, and writing--review and editing; L.M.S., conceptualisation, visualisation, funding acquisition, project administration, resources, supervision, and writing--review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research was conducted by the Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production (project number IC170100008), funded by the Australian Government, with additional support from the Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University and industry partners. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The raw data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The authors would like to acknowledge the generous donation of grapes from commercial vineyards in the Riverina.