## 3 Results
### Changes Induced in Growth Dynamics in the Field
The effects of CP and EMF on the growth of 'VB Nojai' cultivar 4 weeks after sowing was significantly different from the effect on 'VB Vokai' (Figure 1a,b): the effect on seedling height was weak but negative (CP5 and EMF15 reduced height by 7%), there was no effect on weight of the above-ground part and root, root length, leaf number and weight; only EMF10 increased the average weight per leaf by 14%. Seed exposure to CP5, CP7 and EMF10 increased the number of infloresances by (46%, 36% and 32%, respectively) in seedlings of 'VB Nojai' cultivar after 4 weeks (Figure 1b). Only the above-ground part of seedlings was used for morphometric analysis 8 weeks after sowing (Figure 2), because the roots of buckwheat are thin and fragile and it is hard to separate them from the soil without damage. The above-ground parts of both cultivars were significantly larger after 8 weeks in comparison to their size on the 4 th week after sowing (Figure 1): the values of morphometric indices of the above-ground part were more than twice as large compared to the indices after 4 weeks. However, the control plants of 'VB Vokai' cultivar grew at the same rate as plants from CP and EMF treated seeds. The only statistically significant difference between the treatment groups and the control was a 51% increase in stem weight in EMF15 group plants (Figure 2a). Figure 1: Morphometric parameters of buckwheat seedlings grown for 4 weeks after sowing in _experimental_ field plots: (**a**) 'VB Vokai’ parameters; (**b**) 'VB Nojai’ parameters. The means \(\pm\) standard errors are presented (\(n\) = 12–15). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (\(p\) < 0.05, [PERSON]’s LSD test). Figure 3: Photosynthetic efficiency index \(\mathrm{F_{v}/F_{m}}\) (**a**), photosynthesis performance index \(\mathrm{PI_{abs}}\) (**b**) and electron transport per excited leaf cross-section \(\mathrm{ET_{0}/CS_{m}}\) (**c**) in buckwheat leaves measured 8 weeks after sowing in experimental field plots: (**a**) VB Vokai’; (**b**) VB Nojai’. The means \(\pm\) standard errors are presented (\(n=15\)). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (\(p<0.05\), [PERSON]’s LSD test). Figure 2: Morphometric parameters of buckwheat seedlings grown for 8 weeks after sowing in experimental field plots: (**a**) VB Vokai’ parameters; (**b**) VB Nojai’ parameters. The means \(\pm\) standard errors are presented (\(n=12\)–\(15\)). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (\(p<0.05\); [PERSON]’s LSD test). Meanwhile, the mean height of the above-ground part of 'VB Nojai' cultivar seedlings exceeded the control in all treatment groups after 8 weeks (Figure 2b), e.g., the EMF-10 group showed statistically significant height increase by 18%. CP5 and CP7 treatments strongly enhanced the weight of the above-ground part (by 76 and 94%, respectively), the number of leaves per plant (2 times), and the weight of the regenerative organs (1.8 and 2 times, respectively), in comparison to the control (Figure 2b). Only the CP5 treatment was effective in increasing the number of stems (45%). The effect of EMF on 'VB Nojai' morphometric parameters was smaller compared to CP: EMF-10 only increased plant height, and EMF-15 increased stem number by 20%.