## 2 Materials and Methods
### Boundary Conditions and Setup  
For the simulation, for the sake of computational effort and feasibility, we decided to exclude the inflow basin to decrease the simulation area. The inflow is defined as rectangular plane. Hence, the impact of the inflow basin on the wave characteristics and potentially on the recirculation zones has not been considered. Figure 4 illustrates the boundary conditions used in this study. For both the inlet and outlet boundaries (shown in red), a velocity inlet condition is applied. By default, the direction of this condition is the inner normal direction. Specifically, for the outflow, the direction is adjusted to point outward (i.e., in the outer normal direction). This approach is based on the principle that the volume of water entering the domain is equal to the volume leaving it, maintaining constant water levels at both the inlet and outlet. The inlet water level is maintained at a constant height of 1.85 m, while the outlet water level is determined by the inlet level and the differential height \(\Delta\var{I_{W}}\). The inflow and outflow velocities of the water are calculated based on the mass flow rate Q = 9.3 m\({}^{3}\)/s (see Table 1) of the simulation setup, divided by the cross-sectional area of the water inlet and outlet. For the air phase, the inflow and outflow velocities are set to 1 m/s to simulate the interaction with the atmospheric boundary conditions effectively. The air boundary (depicted in orange) was set to a pressure outlet condition of 0 Pa, related to the reference pressure of 101,325 Pa. For the wall boundaries (indicated in gray: bottom and side walls), a no-slip wall condition was employed. For the simulation, two distinct setups were employed. The first setup was utilized for simulating the initial 100 physical seconds, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**(A)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Name**} & **Inlay** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Baffle**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Figure 3**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**(B)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Name**} & **Inlay** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Baffle**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Figure 3**} \\  & & **Setup** & & **lc/m** & & & & & **Setup** & **lc/m** & \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{SCB} & \(S_{D}\) & 1-1-1 & 0-0-0 & - & A1 & & \(S_{A}\) & & 1-1-1 & 3-2-3 & C1 \\  & \(S_{I}\) & 0-1-0 & 0-0-0 & - & A5 & ACB & \(S_{VF}\) & 1-1-1 & \(\backslash\)-1-/ & \(\backslash\)-2-/ & C2 \\  & \(S_{I}^{1m}\) & 0-1-0 & 0-1-0 & 1 & A6 & & \(S_{VH}\) & & /-1-\(\backslash\) & /-2-\(\backslash\) & C3 \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(S_{I}^{2m}\) & 0-1-0 & 0-1-0 & 2 & A7 & & \(S_{W}\) & & \(>\)0-0-0\(<\) & - & B1 \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(S_{I}^{3m}\) & 0-1-0 & 0-1-0 & 3 & A8 & & \(S_{W}^{1m}\) & & \(>\)1-1-1\(<\) & 1 & B2 \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(S_{I}^{1m}\) & 1-1-1 & 1-1-1 & 1 & A2 & & \(S_{W}^{2m}\) & 1-1-1-1 & \(>\)1-1-1\(<\) & 2 & B3 \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(S_{C}^{2m}\) & 1-1-1 & 1-1-1 & 2 & A3 & & \(S_{W}^{3m}\) & & \(>\)1-1-1\(<\) & 3 & B4 \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(S_{C}^{3m}\) & 1-1-1 & 1-1-1 & 3 & A4 & & \(S_{W}^{3m}\) & & \(>\)1-1-1\(<\) & 3 & B4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The simulation names, along with the inlay and baffle setups are presented for the (A) symmetric configuration (SCB) and (B) asymmetric configuration with baffles at the bottom (ACB) and a symmetric configuration group with baffles on both the bottom and side walls (SCBW). Inlay setup defines which inlay is installed, with each entry referring to one inlay. For example, 0-1-0 means that only the inlay in the middle over the entire length of the concrete canal is placed. Similarly, the setup in the baffle column defines which baffle is installed, with each entry referring to one baffle. For example, 0-1-0 means that only the middle baffle is placed on the middle inlay. Symbols \(>\) and \(<\) denote baffles at the side walls, while \(\backslash\) and / denote diagonal baffles on the inlay.