## 1 Introduction  
Modern power networks cannot function without energy storage systems (ESSs), which are vital for the effective control and use of electricity [1; 2; 3]. The main source of reliable power generation for traditional systems has been fossil fuels. Nonetheless, the importance of ESSs has increased because of the growing use of naturally intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar [4; 5; 6; 7]. ESSs can capture extra energy produced during periods of high generation and release it during peak demand or low production, maintaining a consistent power supply [8; 9; 10]. The two primary forms of energy storage systems (ESSs) are hydrogen energy storage systems (HESSs), which store energy as hydrogen gas produced by electrolysis, and battery energy storage systems (BESSs), which store energy chemically [11; 12; 13; 14; 15].  
An all-encompassing solution to the drawbacks of utilizing a single storage technology is provided by integrating various storage technologies, such as hydrogen and batteries.  
Batteries offer high efficiency and rapid response, making them ideal for short-term storage and grid balancing. However, they may not be cost-effective or technically optimal for large-scale, long-term storage [16; 17; 18]. In addition to being excellent for long-term energy storage, hydrogen storage has many other uses, including industrial processes and transportation. Combining these technologies allows for the strengths of each system to be utilized, enhancing overall grid flexibility, stability, and resilience. This integrated approach is crucial with the increasing use of renewable energy, where balancing supply and demand becomes more complex [19; 20; 21].  
Improving grid power savings through the best possible utilization of combined battery and hydrogen storage systems is one of the main objectives of this research. Effective energy management can significantly reduce the dependence on peaking power plants, which are often costly and less environmentally friendly. It is possible to minimize demand peaks and hence lower the overall cost of generating and distributing electricity by making optimal use of stored energy. Additionally, integrating BESSs and HESSs can help minimize energy losses during transmission and distribution, further contributing to grid power savings. This study aims to show how the strategic integration and optimization of these storage technologies can lead to substantial economic benefits for utility providers and consumers.  
This study aims to encourage the utilization of green hydrogen as an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source. Green hydrogen is an environmentally friendly substitute for conventional hydrogen manufacturing techniques that use fossil fuels. It is created through electrolysis with renewable energy. It is possible to develop a more adaptable and sustainable energy system by combining hydrogen storage with battery storage. This integration facilitates the energy sector's decarbonization and opens up new uses for hydrogen, such as in industrial processes, transportation, and as a source of synthetic fuels. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how integrated storage systems might help accelerate the shift to a low-carbon economy and promote the wider use of green hydrogen [22; 23; 24; 25].