## 1 Introduction  
Biodiversity represents the diversity of living organisms at all levels--from genes within species to the ecosystems that surround them [1]. This diversity is vital to the health of our planet and to sustaining life on it. Healthy ecosystems provide basic conditions for life, such as clean air and water, climate regulation, pollination of crops, and much more. However, human activities, including those related to business practices, are leading to a rapid loss of biodiversity [2]. Modern business practices, through all stages of the supply chain and in all industries, have a deep impact on biodiversity [3]. Intensive agricultural management with monocultures and the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers destroy habitats, deplete soil, and pollute water [4]. Unsustainable logging, mining, and fishing lead to resource scarcity, habitat fragmentation, and the extinction of numerous plant and animal species [5]. Industrial pollution, by releasing harmful substances into the air, water, and soil, causes acidification, eutrophication, and many other problems that threaten the health of the ecosystem [6]. Mass consumption, emphasizing short-lived goods, excessive packaging, and a wasteful attitude towards resources, increases demand for raw materials and generates huge amounts of waste [7]. This series of negative impacts is leading to a loss of biodiversity at an alarming rate, with incalculable consequences for the planet and humanity. Biodiversity preservation is becoming an increasingly urgent task, and responsible business is a key element in finding a solution. Due to their complexity and global reach, supply chains represent a significant opportunity for positive changes in biodiversity protection [8]. Incorporating biodiversity considerations into supply chain management is crucial for corporate responsibility, as it ensures sustainable resource use, protects ecosystems, and fosters long-term environmental stewardship [9]. By defining and ranking supply chain management practices that promote sustainability, business flows can be directed toward activities that protect natural ecosystems and ensure a healthier planet for future generations. The main motivation behind this study is to investigate how businesses can integrate biodiversity conservation into their supply chain operations. This includes examining strategies, policies, and initiatives employed to minimize the negative impact on biodiversity throughout supply chains. This study seeks to identify best practices, assess the effectiveness of current approaches, and explore opportunities for improvement. Ultimately, the goal is to promote sustainable business practices that contribute to biodiversity conservation while also meeting company and stakeholder needs. Given this motivation, the study addresses two main research questions:  
RQ1: Which practices generate the most positive effects on biodiversity, considering the feasibility and complexity of their application? RQ2: Can a universally applicable framework and methodological approach for evaluating and ranking biodiversity-oriented supply chain management practices be defined? To answer these questions, this study begins with a detailed literature review to provide foundational insights into biodiversity-oriented practices in supply chains. These practices, identified from existing studies, are diverse in their impact on biodiversity and vary in terms of complexity and feasibility of application. To address RQ1, a robust framework was developed to evaluate and rank these practices based on a set of carefully defined criteria. Addressing RQ2, the study proposes a new hybrid MCDM model combining the grey Best-Worst Method (BWM) and the grey ADAM method. This model provides a methodological approach to identify practices that offer the most significant benefits for biodiversity conservation while accounting for practical implementation challenges. The applicability of the proposed model was demonstrated through a case study that ranked nine practices according to seven criteria.