## 5 Summary and Conclusions  
The present study employed coupled-consolidation analyses with Abaqus to investigate the influence of the over-consolidation ratio on the pore pressure dissipation and penetration behavior of piezocone tests in typical silty soils. Following the parametric study presented above, it is helpful to evaluate the effect of OCR on penetration resistance and pore pressure dissipation test data and establish the OCR and \(c_{\text{h}}\) calculation formula.  
The over-consolidation ratio (OCR) had a significant influence on \(q_{\text{c}}\), but almost zero influence on the cone resistance factor \(N_{\text{c}}\). The main reason is that the stress around the cone tip exceeded the preconsolidation pressure, so \(q_{\text{c}}\) mainly depended on the undrained shear strength of over-consolidated clay, which is related to the preconsolidation pressure. However, \(N_{\text{c}}\) mainly depended on plastic zone size and the soil rigidity index outside the plastic zone. Based on the above analysis, the OCR can be estimated by comparing the undrained shear strength of the over-consolidated soil with normally consolidated soil under current stress. The semitheoretical-empirical estimation formula of the OCR in silty clay is given as Equation (19).  
The over-consolidation ratio (OCR) influenced the initial pore pressure field, which caused the pore pressure at the cone shoulder to first increase before it decreased in the over-consolidated soil. A higher OCR led to a faster normalized dissipation response and the relation of the consolidation degree and \(T^{\star}\). Based on the FE results, the recommended  
Figure 11: The consolidation degree normalized time curve under different OCR [20].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Consolidation Degree**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\(T^{\star}=c_{\text{h}}t/{\tau^{2}I_{\text{r}}}^{0.5}\)} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **OCR = 1** & **OCR = 3** & **OCR = 5** \\ \hline
20\% & 0.038 & 0.021 & 0.009 \\ \hline
30\% & 0.078 & 0.035 & 0.015 \\ \hline
40\% & 0.142 & 0.058 & 0.025 \\ \hline
50\% & 0.245 & 0.097 & 0.043 \\ \hline
60\% & 0.439 & 0.162 & 0.072 \\ \hline
70\% & 0.804 & 0.260 & 0.120 \\ \hline
80\% & 1.600 & 0.452 & 0.205 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Recommended \(T^{\star}\) values under different OCR at cone shoulder (\(u_{2}\)) position.  
\(T^{\star}\) values under different OCRs are given as shown in Table 2, and Equation (23) can be used to calculate \(c_{\rm v}\).  
S.D. Project administration, Resources; Y.Z. Writing--original draft, Formal analysis, Investigation, J.H. Software, Visualization; K.W. Visualization; Z.T. Writing-review & editing; T.L. Resources, Project administration. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Natural Science Foundation of China (42207172, U2006213); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M712989).  
Not applicable.  
Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient(s) to publish this paper.  
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (42207172, U2006213), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M712989), Postdoctoral Applied Research Project of Qingdao and Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.