## 5 Discussion  
Due to their dynamic characteristics, Digital Twins are being valued in academia and industry. However, there is no defined architecture for their implementation. After reviewing different works and studies, we can say that the leading enabling technologies for developing DT are the Industrial Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data, cyber-physical systems, augmented reality, and virtual reality, which have had rapid development.  
Figure 8: Communication time between the physical and virtual environment.  
Figure 7: (**a**) Physical and virtual environment; (**b**) virtual environment with AR.  
These technologies are the right tools to support and improve manufacturing processes, offering an excellent opportunity to transform current manufacturing and implement smart manufacturing. These technologies also increase the ability of operators to understand, explore, and control production elements (See Figure 9).  
The results show that the proposed methodology for the implementation of the DT allows bidirectional communication between the physical and virtual environment and can also be visualized with the support of AR, thus providing its characteristics to the proposed DT. When using an industrial environment with CPS that has robust devices and elements, communication with the DT cannot be carried out directly through the different communication protocols of each technology. However, thanks to the OPC UA, Ethernet, and M2M protocol, communication was achieved between the different levels of the automation pyramid and the components proposed for the DT. Among the advantages presented, it is shown that robust \"PLC\" devices that companies have with low-cost embedded systems can work together to take advantage of the advantages that each of these has.  
One of the problems that arose in the investigation was the high consumption of computational resources that the META 2 glasses have, due to the high processing and graphics card that it requires for execution. Due to this, there was a small delay in the visualization of the changes and parameters of the DT with AR for the user; however, on the CPS screen it was observed in real time. CPS applications must be enhanced to achieve interconnection between the real world and its digital representation for manufacturing by creating virtual environments that are necessary and strategic to raise the quality and efficiency of several relevant factors in the industry, such as safety, optimization, monitoring, maintenance, installation, and prediction. DTs provide innovative solutions to improve features and fill gaps through simulation, improving manufacturing processes, and avoiding production problems. Figure 8 shows some of the opportunities and challenges of DTs. This technology has an excellent acceptance in industry and academia, which shows that it is an advance that is here to stay and has proposals at the simulation level that must be implemented to prove its functionality.  
Several simulation-level investigations with promising results and architectures that can be tested in an actual implementation were considered to carry out this research. The results of this study were obtained by performance in a real process with a high-performance hardware and software infrastructure to simultaneously run the algorithms and trigger actions in the physical equipment. In addition, when using the META 2 glasses, an immersive environment of augmented reality was obtained, managing to increase the advantages presented by the Digital Twin.