## 1 Introduction  
As the basis of agricultural production and productive resources, soil is an agent of plant growth. Soil moisture and nutrients necessary for plant growth are absorbed by roots. Soil microorganisms are the principal decomposers of plant, litter, and animal residue and they play a major role in the native cycle of matter and the transformation of soil organic matter (SOC) and inorganic matter [1]. At the same time, fungi play an important role in soil microbial communities and are involved in a variety of functions associated with soil ecosystems [2]. For example, being an important member of the soil microbial community, soil fungi in conjunction with other microorganisms participate in the material circulation and energy flow of ecosystems [3]. Additionally, soil fungi also take part in soil humification and mineralization processes and they play a significant role in the formation of humus and soil granular structure. Soil fungi also participate in the nutrient cycle and are one of the basic components of the ecosystem food chain, from which other organisms form mutually beneficial, symbiotic or competitive relationships [4]. Finally, soil fungi are the main participants in nutrient transformation [5], being the interface between water membrane biota and bacteria, protozoa, and nematodes in soil [6]. Additionally, fungi usually form symbiotic relationships with higher plant species to provide nutrients for plant growth, while pathogenic fungi also affect forest health [7]. Plants, being an important component of the biosphere, have a significant impact on the stability and coordinated development of the entire ecosystem [8]. The composition and variation of plant communities also have a direct impact on the diversity of soil microorganisms [9]. Being an important component of plants, leaves are also an important carrier for plant microbial subsistence. The phyllosphere is a unique habitat, providing rich microbial diversity and being the main plant habitat for microbes, offers a better living environment for microbial colonization. At the same time, the microbial community of the phyllosphere is vital in protecting host plants from pathogens [10]. However, the phyllosphere is a harsh environment for microbes, namely, it provides limited nutrition, considerable diurnal and nocturnal temperature differences, and significant fluctuations in humidity. In addition, the strong ultraviolet radiation that the phyllosphere is subject to has a significant influence on the survival of phyllosphere microbial communities. Nevertheless, phyllosphere microbial communities are composed of an abundance of species that include bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeast, algae, and a small number of nematodes and protozoa [11]. Over the past several decades, research related to phyllosphere microbial communities have focused on culturable species, pathogens, and beneficial microorganisms associated with host plants [12]. The copper mine selected for this study, located in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province, is the largest underground mine of its type in China. The main mineral resource of this mine is copper (Cu) and to a lesser degree, cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), gold (Au), and silver (Ag), as well as other metals [13]. A great deal of ore sand has been produced in the process of mining and the tailings dam formed from this ore sand has increased over time. Following restoration, plants began to reclaim this tailings dam. _Bothriochloa ischaenum_ ([PERSON] is the dominant plant species, while _Imperata cylindrica_ ([PERSON], _Elymus dahuricus_ [PERSON], _Calamagrostis epigejos_ ([PERSON], and _Poa annua_ [PERSON] are secondary species. Variation of bacterial communities in the soil of tailings dams and the diversity of endophytic fungi used by native grass species have already been reported on [13; 14]. However, few studies to date have reported on the characteristics of soil fungi and native grass species as they relate to phyllosphere fungi.