## 1 Introduction  
Human societies are currently facing global warming, and national governments are working to find solutions against the climate crisis, by promoting the installation of renewable energy sources (RESs) to replace fossil fuels. This energy transition could avoid the emissions of GHG (greenhouse gases) [1; 2] and reduce the use of carbon fuel reserves [3]--minimizing at the same time geopolitical conflicts to access oil and gas sources [4]. Additionally, this green energy transition is creating new challenges in different sectors and consequentially new job opportunities in economic, technological, and environmental topics [5], together with other kinds of economic and social benefits [6]. With the aim of reducing carbon exploitation, many power energy converters have been designed and installed, considering the specific contexts of each analyzed area. Depending on the sources of power extracted from seas and oceans, two different categories should be defined: \"blue energy\" (BE) and \"marine renewable energies\" (MREs). Blue energy, such as salinity gradients, thermal differences and MREs including sea surface waves, sea current, tides, wind, geothermal and solar. Assessing the renewable energy sources (RESs) availability is important in developing short and long-term planning [7; 8]. In this regard, wind energy could be one of the safest and most reliable sources of renewable energy [9]. To use these renewable sources, many aspects must be examined. Among these, it is fundamental to assess the exact amount of power for each type of energy converter. This has given more attention to the development of new offshore solutions, such as wind turbines with larger rotors, deep water foundation and floating platforms [10]. Northern and central European countries (ECs) have a long history of designing, developing and installing offshore wind farms [11], since the installation of first prototypes of bottom fixed and floating offshore wind farm in Baltic Sea and Scotland pilot park [12]. Nearly 90% of the world's MREs are in Europe. However, the proportion of the Mediterranean in the use of this vast resource is extremely low [13]. Among those with a feasible amount of wind energy source, the best suitable sites for offshore wind should be selected mainly according to the optimal combination of water depth and distance to the shore [14]. Water depth is a key factor in better understanding the dynamics of the marine environment, in predicting tides, currents and waves and planning offshore facilities and infrastructure such as wind turbines. Selecting suitable places with the optimal combination of water depth and distance to the beach is a complex task and should be carefully examined. The coefficient of water depth in the desired area is the basic parameter in the type of wind farm installation, mainly due to the maintenance and installation cost increase. In addition, the distance from the desired point to the power grid is very important, which increases due to the greater distance, which leads to more use of cables and batteries. Floating platforms could help in this regard which is the current trend to move considering deeper waters. Furthermore, there are more crucial factors/limitations influencing offshore wind (OW) applications, such as ships sea routes for marine transportation, migrating birds, economic activities (e.g., fisheries areas), environmental constraints (marine protected areas) and landscaping view. To combine economic sustainability and public acceptance, the concept of floating marine turbines operating away from coastal areas has also begun and expanding in the Mediterranean Sea [14]. Together with the growth of onshore wind farms installations, there is an expectation for significantly increasing the new wind farms in offshore marine areas, mainly thanks to floating platform technologies [15].