## 3 Example Applications and Results
### Background of the ADST  
The atmospheric density measurement space telescope (ADST) is tasked with monitoring the density of the stratospheric atmosphere at an orbital height of 280 km and an orbital inclination of 90\({}^{\circ}\). The ADST primarily includes a main frame, filter wheel assembly, mirror barrel, and detector-focal-plane assembly (including a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) detector and CMOS board and two circuit boards with field-programmable gate arrays). The thermophysical finite element model of the ADST was developed using a nodal network [24] as shown in Figure 3. The internal heat source mainly reflects the heat generation of the CMOS of the ADST. The CMOS works intermittently (twice per track) with a power consumption of 1 W and has a preparation time less than 10 min and working time of less than 5 min. The heat consumption of the internal heat source is the same for the preparation state and working state. High- and low-temperature conditions and thermal control indicators are defined in Tables 1 and 2. The ADST telescope is installed inside the module, and only the light inlet is in contact with the space environment. The heat generated by the internal consumption of the ADST is not directly exchanged with the external environment, and the CMOS is extremely sensitive to temperature fluctuations. In this paper, SMPO is applied to optimize the thermal design parameters of the ADST telescope and thus control the temperature of the ADST. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Cases** & **Definition of Cases** \\ \hline High Case & ADST initial temperature 28 \({}^{\circ}\)C; due to the variable interval, the high case is analyzed according to 2 times continuous working, i.e., 30 min continuous working. \\ \hline Low Case & ADST initial temperature 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C; internal heat source does not work; platform temperature control circuit works for a long time, other thermal control works 2 times per track, single work for 15 min, interval 30 min. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Definitions of high- and low-temperature cases for the ADST. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Index**} \\  & **Low Case** & **High Case** \\ \hline CMOS & \textgreater{}10 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \textless{}40 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Fluctuations \textless{} 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ Main frame & \textgreater{}10 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \textless{}35 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Thermal control index of the ADST. The CMOS works intermittently inside the cabin, and the heat generated by internal consumption is not exchanged directly with the external environment. After the preliminary thermal design, it was proposed to install the ADST adiabatically with its surrounding components. The surface of the ADST is blackened to reduce the effect of the cabin environment and other components on the temperature of the ADST. The heat generated by the CMOS is then transferred to the main frame through heat conduction and other means to achieve its temperature control. The heat transfer path of the CMOS is shown in Figure 4. The present paper takes the temperature of the ADST as the optimization target and selects 11 main thermal design parameters of the heat dissipation path as the parameters to be optimized, as shown in Table 3. The proposed SMPO is then used to control the temperature of the ADST.