## 4 Coordinated Control Example and Simulation
### Coordinated Control Example  
#### 4.1.1 Example Data Generation  
The data generation of the example was divided into three parts: firstly, the intersection attribute parameters were determined, then the parameters related to the traffic flow were generated, and, finally, the signal timing parameters were determined. The parameter generation basis and values of each part are described below. 1. Intersection Attribute Parameters  
The study showed that the intersection spacing for arterial coordination control should be between 300 m and 800 m [4], and this paper determined the intersection spacing \(l\) as 495 m based on the actual adjacent intersections, which was within the appropriate range. Then, we referred to the study \"Analysis of the effect of saturation flow rate and start-up delay of signal intersections\" [22] and determined the saturation flow rate of the intersection in the straight direction \(s\) as 1800 pcu/h. 2. Traffic flow related parameters  
First, set the value range of the car input in each direction of the intersection and the proportion of vehicles in each flow direction, randomly generate the input quantity of cars, and calculate the flow quantity of cars in the arterial direction of the downstream intersection based on the input quantity and flow ratio of cars at the upstream intersection \(N_{c}^{m}\). Then, set the ratio of the number of buses to cars at 10-20%, randomly generate the total number of buses in each direction \(N_{b}^{m}\). Set the value range of bus lines to 2-6, randomly generate the number of bus routes in both directions of the arterial and determine the number of vehicles on each bus line \(N_{b}^{m}\). Finally, with reference to evaluation criteria of the service level of signal intersection, keeping the saturation rate of the intersection below 0.75 [23], to adjust the input flow of cars and buses. In this paper, we set the travel speeds of car and bus as 45-55 km/h and 40-50 km/h, respectively. When calculating the vehicle delay, the speed of car and bus was taken as 50 km/h and 45 km/h, respectively. At the same time, we analyzed the bus operation data of Guangzhou city, took the stopping time of some bus lines as the example data, and determined the travel speed of each bus line \(v_{bi}^{m}\). The calculation formula of \(v_{bi}\) is as follows. \[v_{bi}^{m}=\frac{l}{l/v+t_{bi}+t_{ad}}=\frac{l\times v}{l+t_{bi}\times v+t_{ad} \times v} \tag{23}\]  
where  
\(t_{bi}\)--stop time of bus line \(i\);  
\(v\)--the speed of the bus;  
\(t_{ad}\)--acceleration and deceleration loss time;  
\[t_{ad}=\frac{v\times(\alpha_{a}+\alpha_{b})}{2\times\alpha_{a}\times\alpha_{b}} \tag{24}\]  
\(\alpha_{a}\)--the starting acceleration;  
\(\alpha_{b}\)--the braking deceleration. Referred to \"Analysis of Road Traffic Capacity\", the general value is \(\alpha_{a}\) = 1 m/s\({}^{2}\), \(\alpha_{b}\) = 1.5 m/s\({}^{2}\). With reference to existing studies, it was determined that the coefficient of converting buses into cars was 2 [24]. Then, the car blocking density \(k_{jc}\) and bus blocking density \(k_{jb}\) were calculated, and the vehicle arrival rate \(q^{m}\) at downstream intersections was derived from the relationship between the three parameters of traffic flow. The values of \(k_{jc}\) and \(k_{jb}\) were as follows [25]. If the length of the car was about 5 m, the minimum head distance was about 2 m, determined \(k_{jc}=\frac{1000}{14}\approx\ 143\) vehicle/km;  
If the length of the bus was about 12 m, the minimum head distance was about 2 m, determine \(k_{jb}=\frac{1000}{14}\approx\ 71\) vehicle/km. 3. Signal timing parameters  
First, determine the signal phase of the two intersections; then, calculate the signal timing parameters according to [PERSON]'s timing method, including the common signal cycle length \(C\) and the green signal ratio of the coordinated control phase \(\lambda^{m}\).