# O/C Isotopic and EPR Signature of Marble from the Apuan Alps (Italy): A Critical Review
## 2 Material and Methods
### Geological Setting
#### 2.1.3 Characteristic of the AAMs
The restored paleogeography of the AAM Hettangian carbonate platform [21; 22] led to an extension of about 25 km (NW-SE) for 45 km (SW-NE). This resumes a graduation from external facies to the south, to inner platform facies to the north, as for the Calcare Massiccio of the Tuscan Nappe [30; 46], at that time in lateral continuity with the AAM platform. This similarity fosters the method and the attribution of the AAM types to the different carbonate-platform environments. During the tectono-metamorphic deformation, strong transposition occurred in the axial-plane high-strain and -shear zones. That resulted in the formation of sheets of \"fault-rock\", the layering of which especially marks the synform-syncline axial plane. In the AAMs, these sheets are \"tectonic-origin marble\" with the main synclines marked by these types of marble, namely the _Nuvolato_, rich in quartz due to the transposition into the marble of the overlying cherry limestone, and _Arabescato_ and _Fior di Pesco_ in which even the Late Cretaceous Varicoloured Schist is involved. Indeed, the settings of AAM commercial types derive [18] from both tectono-metamorphic folding and refolding of the Hettangian carbonate platform (AAMs from sedimentary origin), as well as by transposition processes (AAMs of tectonic origin). The distribution in the AAM body of these different types of AAMs is a function of the carbonate-platform facies assemblages and how they were set in the folding by the tectono-metamorphic deformation for the AAMs of sedimentary origin, whereas the distribution of the main high-strain and -shear zones generated the AAMs of tectonic origin. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**AAM Type** & **Facies** & **Features** & **Grain Size** \\ \hline _Zebrino_ & External ramp (Ammonitico Rosso, marly calcareous facies) & Thick alternating of white and grey layers following the verso & White 0.2 to 0.4 mm Grey \textless{} 0.1 mm \\ \hline _Cremo_ & External ramp (Ammonitico Rosso, calcareous facies) & Pale pink & 0.2 to 0.4 mm \\ \hline _Bardiglio_ & Restricted lagoon & Dark grey with white stains elongated in the verso & Grey \textless{} 0.1 mm White 0.2 to 0.4 mm \\ \hline _Statuario_ & Beach, tidal channels & Ivory white & 0.6 to 0.8 mm \\ \hline _Ordinario_ & Inner lagoon & White, pale white, with pale grey stains & 0.3 to 0.6 mm \\ \hline _Breccia_ & Fault scarp, sinking fractures & White clasts, grey matrix & Matrix \textless{} 0.05 mm \\  & & & \\ \hline _Paonazzo, Calacatta_ & Karst and emerged areas & Pale white with pale grey and pale pink flames & Pale white 0.4 to 0.6 mm \\ \hline _Venato forte_ & External ramp & Thick alternating strikes of white and grey along the verso & White 0.2 to 0.4 mm Grey \textless{} 0.1 mm \\ \hline _Venatino_ & Inner lagoon shores & White with rare pale grey strikes along the verso & White 0.2 to 0.4 mm Grey \textless{} 0.1 mm \\ \hline _Venato_ & External lagoon & White with pale grey strikes along the verso & White 0.1 to 0.4 mm Grey \textless{} 0.1 mm \\ \hline _Marmo dolomitico_ & Upper intertidal flat & Alternating layers of pale grey marble and white dolomite marking the verso & Dolomite 0.2 to 0.4 mm Calcite 0.3 to 0.8 mm \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: AAM types, environmental attribution, feature and grain sizes (elaboration, [PERSON]).