## 3 Results
### Changes in Physiology of Domesticated R. chrysanthum  
In this experiment, changes in soluble sugars and amino acids of two forms of _R. chrysanthum_ were determined after UV-B radiation. The degree of alteration of soluble sugars and amino acids were measured separately and used to demonstrate their role in the domestication process. The results were as follows: after exposure to UV-B radiation, domesticated _R. chrysanthum_ had a higher amino acid content than incubator _R. chrysanthum_ but lower soluble sugars content than the latter. (Figure 10). The results indicate that domesticated _R. chrysanthum_ is highly resistant to UV-B radiation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Gene Annotation** & **Gene ID** & **log2(FC)** & **A FPKM** & **B FPKM** & **Type** \\ \hline ALDH & TRINITY\_DN520\_c2\_gl\_i1\_C\_3 & 1.39 & 23.596 & 64.31 & up \\ \hline GPP & TRINITY\_DN27872\_c0\_gl\_i1\_A\_1 & \(-\)0.63 & 21.456 & 14.18 & down \\ \hline GPAT1\_2 & TRINITY\_DN4514\_c1\_gl\_i1\_A\_1 & \(-\)1.38 & 31.313 & 12.516 & down \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{plsC} & TRINITY\_DN1355\_c0\_gl\_i2-C\_2 & 5.15 & 1.813 & 64.5 & up \\  & TRINITY\_DN16060\_c0\_gl\_i1-C\_1 & \(-\)4.32 & 44.256 & 2.126 & down \\  & TRINITY\_DN2585\_c0\_gl\_i1-A\_1 & \(-\)1.17 & 38.766 & 17.896 & down \\  & TRINITY\_DN3143\_c1\_g5\_i1-B\_2 & 4.44 & 0.136 & 3.01 & up \\  & TRINITY\_DN614\_c0\_gl\_i4\_C\_1 & \(-\)0.56 & 85.326 & 59.55 & down \\  & TRINITY\_DN716\_c0\_gl\_i3-B\_2 & 9.33 & 0.266 & 172.753 & up \\ \hline DGK & TRINITY\_DN3436\_c0\_gl\_i2-B\_3 & 1.30 & 1.5 & 3.713 & up \\  & TRINITY\_DN533\_c0\_gl\_i1-C\_2 & 1.16 & 3.32 & 7.61 & up \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{MGLL} & TRINITY\_DN1203\_c0\_gl\_i3-C\_1 & \(-\)6.03 & 1.806 & 0.046 & down \\  & TRINITY\_DN1835\_c0\_gl\_i4-A\_1 & \(-\)4.69 & 12.776 & 0.513 & down \\ \cline{1-1}  & TRINITY\_DN2014\_c0\_gl\_i2-C\_2 & \(-\)5.03 & 5.506 & 0.183 & down \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: DEGs associated with potential UV-B stress biomarker under UV-B radiation. Figure 8: (**A**) Statistics of up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs. (**B**) GO analysis of DEGs in AB comparison group. (**C**) GO analysis of DEGs in BC comparison group. Figure 9: Statistics of up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs. The simplified transcriptome model based on a heatmap of DEGs. DEGs were screen via log2 FPKM. The color of the border means the shift in expression of the corresponding DEGs, with blue indicating up-regulation and green indicating down-regulation. ALDH: aldehyde dehydrogenase; GPP: (DL)-glycerol-3-phosphatase; GPAT1_2: glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase; plsC: 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; DGK: diacylglycerolglycerol kinase; MGLL: acylglycerol lipase. The letters a and b indicate a statistically significant difference (\(p<0.05\)). The length of the bar chart represents the average, and the length of the error bar represents the standard error. Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is an antioxidant enzyme that removes ROS and plays an important role in plant stress resistance. SOD has three types: Fe-SOD, Mn-SOD, and Cu/Zn-SOD. SOD expression levels in two forms of _R. chrysantlhum_ were determined in this experiment (Figure 11). The results show that the expression levels of the three SODs were significantly increased in domesticated _R. chrysantlhum_, indicating that domesticated _R. chrysanthum_ is remarkably resistant to UV-B radiation. Figure 11: Detection of three kinds of SOD expression changes: **(A)** The changes in amino Fe-SOD expression. **(B)** The changes in Mn-SOD expression. **(C)** The changes in Cu/Zn-SOD expression. The letters a and b indicate a statistically significant difference (\(p<0.05\)). The length of the bar chart represents the average, and the length of the error bar represents the standard error. Figure 10: The impact of UV-B on _R. chrysanthum_’s physiological indicators. **(A)** The changes in amino acid content. **(B)** The changes in soluble sugar content.