## 6 Real-Time Implementation  
This section covers the real-time deployment of the customized sensor boards, gateway, and the sensors' data outputs are presented. The real-time implementation of the overall  
Figure 17: Link Budget. system is shown in Figure 18. The entry detection note is placed at the entrance of the construction site to monitor the entrance of the workers with helmets using RFID. Wearable motes are developed to monitor the status of PPE equipment and the health monitoring of workers. A mote for monitoring the environmental parameters and the health conditions of the construction site is also deployed to sense the parameters, such as temperature, humidity, fire, smoke, gas, and vibrations on the site. To communicate the data from the site to a local server, a RF and LoRa coordinator is developed and to make all of the data available to the user and the management, a LoRa-based gateway is also developed and deployed on the construction site. Figure 18: Real time implementation of proposed system. Entry node: The purpose of the entry node is to detect the movement of workers and check the availability of helmets at the entrance of the construction site. The PIR sensor senses movement at the entrance, if a valid RFID card is detected then an authenticated person with helmet is entering the site, otherwise an alarm will ring. LCD is arranged in this mode to observe the various states of this mode. Figure 19 illustrates the entry more with different operations, such as idle mode, scanning mode, and validating the card. Shoe and Gloves' detection: Shoe and gloves' detection motes are wearable motes, whenever they are worn, no alert will be sent, otherwise an alert information is sent to the health mote of the workers. A touch sensor is used in the gloves' detection and a FSR sensor is used in shoe detection; every few minutes, these sensors' status is checked by the microcontroller and if they are found to be removed, then an alert message is sent to the health mote of the same person using the 2.4 GHz RF transceiver. The real-time implementation of these two motes, along with the output in the serial monitor, is shown in Figure 20.  
Figure 19: Entry Node operations in idle mode, scanning, and verifying state. Figure 20: Gloves’ and Shoe detection motes along with serial monitor outputs. (**a**) shows the customized hardware for gloves detection and its corresponding output whether the gloves are detected or not in the serial monitor. Similarly (**b**) shows the customized hardware for shoes detection and its corresponding output whether the shoes are worn or not in the serial monitor. Workers' health monitoring: Physiological parameters, such as temperature and heart rate of the worker, are monitored using this wearable mode. An IR-based temperature sensor MLX90614 is used to monitor the body temperature and a pulse rate sensor is used to monitor the heartrate of workers. These two data are continuously monitored by the microcontroller and these data, along with other motes relating to information about the worker, are sent to the RF coordinator using the RF transceiver. The real-time implementation of this mote and its output in the serial monitor is shown in Figure 21.  
Site health monitoring: Environmental parameters' monitoring is realized using this mote. Multiple sensors are interfaced in this mote to observe temperature, humidity, fire, smoke, gas, and vibrations in the site. DHT11 is used to monitor the temperature and humidity, a flame sensor is used to detect fire, a MQ-2 sensor is used to detect smoke and gas, and a vibration sensor is used to detect any vibrations on the construction site. All of these parameters are very important to monitor on the site to predict any risk on the site and to take necessary actions to prevent any further damage. All of these sensors' information is collected by the microcontroller and the same is sent to the RF coordinator using the RF transceiver.