## 1 Introduction  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] promoted mini plates for use in the repair of midface and mandibular fractures in 1972. In the late 1970s, [PERSON] et al. popularized mini plate use in orthognathic surgery as well as in cranio-maxillofacial trauma [1]. Initially, these plates were made of highly rigid stainless steel or metal alloys. Stainless steel and other metal alloys have since fallen out of favor owing to their lack of corrosion resistance and poor biocompatibility and have been replaced by titanium [2]. Current estimates suggest that a noteworthy proportion of patients, ranging from 10 to 12%, require the removal of plates due to complications such as infection, exposure, pain, and discomfort. This is according to recent research conducted by experts in the field [3]. Moreover, the use of titanium plates and screws in surgical procedures has been shown to exhibit a failure rate of up to 10%. Furthermore, another study revealed that patients with titanium plates may experience various complaints such as plates exposure or infection, up to two decades following their operation [4]. These findings elucidate the potential difficulties and drawbacks associated with undergoing surgical procedures that utilize plates and screws. Infections caused by microorganisms present a challenge when it comes to treatment using conventional methods, such as enteral or parenteral routes. These routes are usually effective for delivering small-molecule drugs to other infection sites [5]. However, innovative drug delivery methods are in demand as the half-life of free biomacromolecules is limited and they tend to break down and denature in physiological environments [6]. This has led to breakthroughs in biomacromolecular therapeutics, with polymeric nanoparticles made with biodegradable polymers emerging as an ideal carrier of macromolecular pharmaceuticals, owing to their advantages over conventional drug delivery vehicles [7]. Polylactic-co-glycolic-acid (PLGA) is a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid that has been widely used in various biological applications, particularly in the field of medication delivery. This biodegradable and biocompatible polymer has revolutionized drug administration due to its unique properties of being able to facilitate retarded drug release over an extended period. PLGA has several advantages over other materials used for medication delivery. Firstly, it is biocompatible. This makes it an ideal candidate for medication delivery. Secondly, PLGA is biodegradable, as it will break down in the body over time into its primary components, lactic acid and glycolic acid. These metabolites are natural substances that are easily eliminated from the body, and therefore, they do not leave any toxic residues behind [8]. One of the prominent features of PLGA is its thixotropic property [9]. PLGA degradation is dependent on several factors such as its molecular weight, method of preparation; size, shape, and morphology (molecular weight, chemical structure, hydrophobicity, crystallinity, and glass transition temperature) [8; 10]; physiological environment (pH, temperature and ionic strength of the environment); and site of implantation [8]. Chitosan (CH) is widely regarded as one of the most efficient natural substrates, boasting exceptional biodegradability, and is sourced from the shells of marine crustaceans. Notably, CH has become highly sought-after for its biomedical applications, primarily due to its biocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, and the nontoxic and noninflammatory properties of its byproducts. With multiple forms and structures available, CH offers a diverse range of uses. Additionally, its solubility in aqueous media makes it adept at forming films and scaffolds [11]. The characteristics of CH to be considered in the development of drug carrier systems include the degree of acetylation, molecular weight, and purity.