# A Survey of Blockchain Applications for Management in Agriculture and Livestock Internet of Things
## 4 Applications of Blockchain in Agricultural and Animal Husbandry IoT
### Building Trust Frameworks
Overall, this method not only improves the credibility and security of data sharing but also reduces reliance on centralized institutions, effectively solving the trust issue in IoT data sharing in agriculture. Table 4 provides a summary of different research areas and their applications as explored in the literature pertaining to building trust frameworks. This table presents studies addressing how blockchain and IoT-based frameworks can enhance trust in agricultural and livestock supply chains. Below is a concise overview of their advantages, disadvantages, and best outcomes:  
Advantages: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Targeted Challenges** & **Papers** & **Short Introductions** & **Blockchain-Enabled Opportunities** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Building Trust Frameworks} & \multirow{4}{*}{[109; 110; 111; 112; 113]} & In the agricultural and livestock & The trust consumers have in \\  & & product supply chain, consumers do & agricultural products is enhanced by \\  & & not trust messages that are & blockchain by ensuring the integrity \\  & & not guaranteed. & and authenticity of information. \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{[114; 115; 119]} & Proposed is a framework leveraging & By utilizing blockchain technology, \\  & & blockchain and IoT technologies to & significant improvements in trust and \\  & & address consumer trust issues in & security have been achieved in \\  & & managing risks in & agricultural IoT data sharing. \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{4}{*}{[116; 117; 118]} & Addressed the trust concerns arising & These studies demonstrate the \\  & & from potential harm to IoT devices & potential of blockchain technology \\  & & and systems and examined how & when integrated with IoT to restore \\  & & merging IoT technology with & trust through a secure and \\  & & blockchain technology can resolve & transparent framework for managing \\  & & this issue. & device and system operations. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Building Trust Frameworks Related Papers. Integrating blockchain and IoT in agriculture has brought significant advancements in trust, transparency, and security within agri-food supply chains. Studies [110; 111; 112; 113] highlight how this integration ensures data integrity, thereby enhancing consumer confidence in product quality and origin. Moreover, distributed ledgers reduce reliance on third-party intermediaries, as noted in [114; 115], protecting against data tampering and leakage while enabling secure and reliable data sharing. Additionally, frameworks proposed in [114; 115; 119] combine blockchain's immutability with IoT's real-time monitoring capabilities, paving the way for new management models that enhance risk management and traceability. Furthermore, research [117; 118] demonstrates that integrating IoT with blockchain creates a trackable, closed-loop system capable of quickly detecting and responding to security threats, ensuring higher levels of trust and security in agricultural operations. Disadvantages:  
Despite its potential, integrating blockchain and IoT in agriculture faces several challenges that hinder large-scale adoption. High implementation costs and technical barriers, as highlighted in [111; 112; 113], remain significant obstacles, particularly for small-scale farmers who may struggle with hardware, software, and operational expenses. Data quality and standardization also pose challenges, as blockchain's immutability relies on accurate and reliable input; errors or the lack of standardized sensor data, as noted in [115; 116], can undermine system credibility. Privacy and regulatory concerns further complicate adoption, with many agricultural organizations and individuals reluctant to share detailed data, creating a tension between transparency and privacy, as discussed in [117; 118]. Additionally, scalability and performance bottlenecks limit blockchain's ability to handle high-frequency IoT data, straining throughput, speed, and storage capacity, which poses significant challenges for large-scale deployment.