## 1 Introduction  
Touchscreens have become increasingly popular in everyday electronics. This electronic visual display technology provides an enhanced user experience different than that of traditional input methods, such as a keyboard and mouse. In many applications, touchscreens are quicker and easier to use because of their direct finger to screen input method, which can help make computing resources more accessible to people who struggle with typical input methods [1]. Moreover, by combining touchscreens with on-screen images, the operation becomes intuitive, significantly increasing operability and usefulness [2]. Vibration sensations felt on the surface of a touchscreen, known as vibrotactile haptic feedback, are commonly used in small consumer electronics to create engaging user interfaces without the need for mechanical buttons [3]. Studies have shown that the implementation of such haptic modules in touch displays increases input speed and input accuracy, as well as user feedback and satisfaction [4; 5; 6]. Touchscreen modules can create a wide variety of vibrotactile sensations for users for many different applications. Coupled with visual feedback, they can provide a significantly improveduser experience and help convey visual information to the visually impaired [2; 7]. The benefits of haptic displays and devices are immense, making them highly sought after in many types of touch displays. As the popularity of touchscreens continues to increase, the industry strives to incorporate touch interfaces in large displays to improve its functionality and versatility. Currently, large touchscreens are being considered in a multitude of applications such as large tablets, interactive kiosk systems, and automobile center control stacks [8]. Many small touchscreen electronics utilize vibrotactile feedback; however, this feedback is lacking in the developing market for large touch displays. This is because most of the current haptic actuators used in touch displays are small and lightweight, allowing them to fit in mobile devices, but they fail to create sufficiently large vibrational sensations when used in bigger screens. Devices with large touchscreens (10-inch or larger) typically lack the capability of generating vibrotactile feedback for the users despite the many benefits offered by haptic feedback. For example, properly implementing vibrotactile feedback into the automotive center control stack would greatly improve functionality, user feedback, and safety [5]. There exists a growing need for developing new haptic actuators capable of generating sufficient vibrotactile feedback sensations in large touchscreens. There are currently very few haptic actuators that can produce meaningful tactile feedback for large touchscreen displays. The most important factors that make an actuator viable for large screen applications are high vibration intensity, low response time, low residual vibrations, and geometry. A study by [PERSON] et al. showed that tactile feedback latency, or response time, did not create a significant effect on typing speed or accuracy, but did largely diminish the user's perceived pleasantness. This makes response time still an important factor to consider when implementing haptic feedback [9]. Some of the current actuators used for haptic feedback include eccentric rotary motor (ERM) actuators, linear resonant actuators (LRAs), piezoelectric actuators, and electrostatic actuators. Each of these commonly used actuators have many benefits but their drawbacks can make them difficult to effectively implement into large displays. ERM actuators are the most widely used actuator for mobile devices and other simple vibration cases. This device utilizes an unbalanced mass that uses rotation to generate vibrations for the users. The ERM actuator vibration intensity is linked to the input frequency, making it not very versatile. It also has long response times (more than 100 ms) and residual vibrations from the inertia of the mass [10].