## 4 Discussion
At present, DPPH free-radical scavenging experiments are widely used to quantitatively determine the antioxidant capacity of biological samples, phenolic substances, and foods [33]. Excessive OH radicals can lead to oxidative damage towards DNA, proteins, and lipids, which may induce cancer, mutagenesis, and/or cytotoxicity. Therefore, the potential oxidative damage towards DNA can be prevented by capturing OH free radicals [34]. ABTS is a chemical free-radical initiator and also a color developer. ABTS is oxidized by active oxygen to form the stable blue-green cation ABTS\({}^{+}\). After being added to a substance having antioxidant activity, the antioxidant reacts with ABTS\({}^{+}\) to decolorize the reaction system. This reaction is a typical single electron transfer pathway. After the antioxidant is oxidized, a single electron is transferred from the antioxidant molecule to the oxidant molecule. The absorbance of the antioxidant or oxidant is measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the ability of the antioxidant to scavenge free radicals is evaluated by the change in absorbance [35]. Antioxidant substances, antioxidant activity, and antioxidant capacity evaluation methods are related to each other, and the determination of antioxidant activity requires a systematic evaluation system. The application of one method alone can't completely and comprehensively evaluate the activity of antioxidants or foods containing antioxidants, as each method has its own application scope and characteristics. In order to comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the antioxidant activity of antioxidants, at least two methods need to be employed simultaneously. In this study, the scavenging ability of WST extracts on DPPH, OH, and ABTS free radicals was simultaneously determined, and significant effects were obtained. At present, the detection of the anti-mutagenic activity of a substance is mainly based on the results of short-term genetic toxicology tests. The basic principle is that the known mutagens and the tested exogenous compounds act together on a certain biological system, and the influence of the exogenous subjects on the mutagenicity of the mutagens is then monitored. If the compound exhibits significant inhibition, it is considered that it has a potential anti-mutagenic activity. The Ames test is a short-term biological testing method for the detection of chemical carcinogens, which is fast, convenient, and sensitive. The improved Ames assay can react to a mutagenic effect on the test substance at the level of point mutations (including frameshift mutations and base substitutions) [36]. Chemical mutagens are a class of chemicals that act on DNA, alter its structure, and cause genetic variation, and these include base analogs, alkylating agents, frameshift mutants, and others. A mutagen only works on a certain part of a gene, thus conferring its specific characteristics. As a frameshift mutagen, 2, 7-AF can act on sensitive points of bacterial DNA molecules to increase or delete nucleotides, causing changes in gene cryptography and induce frameshift mutations. In contrast, MNNG, an alkylating agent, can cause base pairing errors to form base substitution mutations during DNA molecular replication [37]. So far, there are many different explanations for the mechanism of action of natural products against mutagenesis. Most scholars believe that the protection mechanism conferred by anti-mutagenic agents is mainly through one of two ways: one way is to act outside the cell membrane, preventing the uptake and formation of the mutagen, directly inactivating the pre-mutant and mutagenic agents. Another way is to function within the cell, preventing the activation of the mutagen, preventing the mutagen from reaching the targeting site, or preventing the interaction of the mutagen with the targeting as well as enhancing the activity of an associated detoxification enzyme, eliminating the presence of mutagenic free radicals, or promoting DNA repair [38].