# Calculation Methods for Construction Material Stocks: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Content Analysis
#### 3.2.4 Related Research Based on the Material Stock Method  
Researchers use the material stock of a study area as data to conduct further research such as estimating its future construction demolition waste, buildings' environmental impacts, and urban analysis. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [8] used the material stock dynamics data to predict the future demolition waste. The future waste demolition could be estimated using the average lifecycle of different construction materials and combining them with the material stock dynamics. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [9] researched to estimate the waste demolition potential. Using the material stock's GIS model and integrating it with the average demolition period estimated through the regression model, the waste demolition could be estimated. Similar to waste generation, the overall environmental impact has also been researched thoroughly. For example, [PERSON] et al. [25] developed a framework to characterize the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** & **Best Suited for** & **References** \\ \hline Bottom-Up & \(\bullet\) & High accuracy & \(\bullet\) & Knowledge intensive & Small area where & [PERSON] et al. [7]; \\ Methodology & & construction trends & \(\bullet\) & Time consuming & greater accuracy is & [PERSON] [4]; [PERSON] and \\  & & outside the study area & \(\bullet\) & Data intensive & required. & [PERSON] [17] \\  & & & & Less accuracy & & \\  & & & & compared to the & & \\  & & & & bottom-up method & & \\ Top-Down & \(\bullet\) & Easy to perform & \(\bullet\) & Affected by & Large areas & [PERSON] [51]; [PERSON] et al. [39] \\ Methodology & \(\bullet\) & Data easily accessible & & construction trends & & \\  & & & outside the study & & \\  & & & boundary & & \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Quick to perform & \(\bullet\) & Least accuracy & Compare large & \\ Demand-Driven & \(\bullet\) & Socio-economic & \(\bullet\) & It could not be & areas to find the & [PERSON] et al. [45]; \\ Methodology & & reasons for the & performed in small & reasons for the & \\  & & material stock could & scale areas & change in material & [PERSON] et al. [47] \\  & & be analyzed & & stock & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Advantages and disadvantages of the three methods. building stock and quantify the potential environmental impact at the end of the life cycle assessment to support the waste management decisions. Similarly, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17] calculated the embodied energy of the material stock. A region's total embodied energy was estimated by calculating the total material stock and embodied energy of an individual material used in construction. [PERSON] et al. [23] also conducted similar research, the author investigated the material stock's future material and energy requirements. The research estimated the future growth and retrofits in the residential and commercial buildings. Based on the average material intensity and material energy, the research estimated future material energy requirements. In another study, [PERSON], [45] used a similar technique; however, the author proposed reducing energy consumed in constructing the building. The material stock dynamics methodology was employed in the study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [18] to estimate the material loss due to the tsunami and earthquake in Japan. Before and after images of the tsunami were taken for analysis. It was an innovative technique to use the material stock for damage assessment. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [46] used the material stock method to analyze the sewage system's underutilization and inefficiency. The study proved that material stock could help to compare sewage systems between different regions and proved which one is more efficient. Urban planners need to know about the material stock density and per capita material stock since both indicators represent the behavior of the urban metropolis. [PERSON] et al. [20] found the material density and per capita material stock of different cities in eastern China.