## 4 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Elements** & **Physical Meanings** \\ \hline
27 & \(Z_{cei}\mathrm{e}^{j\theta_{cei}}\) & equivalent linear impedances on electrode–electrolyte interfaces of both positive and negative electrodes, \(Z_{cei}\) is the amplitude and \(\theta_{cei}\) is the static angle (rad) in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
28 & \(V_{Cha}\) & charging voltage vector, steady-state AC fundamental response of linear impedances \(Z_{Cha}e^{j\theta_{Cu}}\), in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
29 & \(V_{Dis}\) & discharging voltage vector, steady-state AC fundamental voltage response of linear impedances \(Z_{Dis}e^{j\theta_{Dis}}\), in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
30 & \(V_{Cha}^{\prime}\) & new charging voltage vector, half amplitude of \(V_{Cha}\), in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
31 & \(V_{Dis}^{\prime}\) & new discharging voltage vector, half amplitude of \(V_{Dis}\), in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
32 & \(V_{ei}\) & target voltage vector, steady-state AC fundamental response of impedance \(Z_{cei}e^{j\theta_{cei}}\), in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
33 & \(T\) & fixed period of sinusoidal current, excited from electrochemical workstation \\ \hline
34 & \(v_{Cha}\) & transient voltage responses of impedances for charging on electrode–electrolyte interfaces of both positive and negative electrodes \\ \hline
35 & \(v_{Dis}\) & transient voltage responses of impedances for discharging on electrode–electrolyte interfaces of both positive and negative electrodes \\ \hline
36 & \(\langle v_{Cha}\rangle\) & average voltage response of impedances for charging on electrode–electrolyte interfaces of both positive and negative electrodes \\  & & during the period \(T\) \\ \hline
37 & \(\langle v_{Dis}\rangle\) & average voltage response of impedances for discharging on electrode–electrolyte interfaces of both positive and negative electrodes \\  & & during the period \(T\) \\ \hline
38 & \(s\) & complex variable in transfer function \\ \hline
39 & \(TF_{filter}\) & transfer function of band pass filter \\ \hline
40 & \(Q\) & quality factor of band pass filter \\ \hline
41 & \(\omega\) & electrical angular velocity of sinusoidal current, excited from electrochemical workstation \\ \hline
42 & \(R_{C}e^{j0}\) & linear contacting resistance, reflecting conductivity of path which currents flowing along terminals, cell connectors, plate connectors, electrodes, and electrolyte; \(R_{C}\) is the amplitude and 0 is the static angle (rad) in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
43 & \(L_{S}e^{j\frac{\pi}{2}}\) & linear stray inductance, in series with linear contacting resistance; \(L_{S}\) is the amplitude and \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) is the static angle (rad) in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
44 & \(C_{bulk}e^{j(-\frac{\pi}{2})}\) & linear electrolyte bulk capacitance, reflecting capacity characteristics of bulk electrolyte; \(C_{bulk}\) is the amplitude and \(\left(-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\) is the static angle (rad) in rotating space vector plane \\ \hline
45 & \(V_{C}\) & contacting resistance voltage vector, steady-state AC fundamental responses on linear contacting resistance \(R_{C}e^{j0}\) \\ \hline
46 & \(v_{C}\) & transient voltage responses of linear contacting resistance \\ \hline
47 & \(\langle v_{C}\rangle\) & average voltage response of linear contacting resistance during the period \(T\) \\ \hline
48 & \(V_{Straylnd}\) & inductance voltage vector, steady-state AC fundamental responses on linear stray inductance \(L_{S}e^{j\frac{\pi}{2}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._