## 4 Case Study: Experiment Designed and Implemented at Qatar University  
The chosen case study was the SHM system for Qatar University (QU) as a potential SWEDA-SHM study ground. Three different specifications and configuration systems were installed at QU at two physically 1 km apart unique locations, namely, SHM-QU-B09 Lab and SHM-QU-CO5-Bridge. The SWEDA-SHM system details for these locations are:  
* SHM-QU-CO5-Bridge SWEDA-SHM Site (SHM-BS) System with 5 F-SGBINs. * SHM-QU-B09-Lab SWEDA-SHM site (SHM-LB) with 5 F-SGBINs and 10 C-SGBINs. The entire deployment plan for the case study at QU is shown in Figure 10, published in our earlier papers. In Figure 14, a very basic regional-level SWEDA-SDM hardware prototype is presented, i.e., the two unique remote blocks were connected with the SHM system called out-surface board (OSB) with IoT node software using the CANopen network with a CAN-USB adapter by Gingko. The CANopen addresses were 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 on both sides. The two SHM site nodes were connected to the I/O multiplexer block of the SWEDA-SHM gateway (installed with IoT gateway software) with a keyboard-video-multimedia (KVM) switch for multiple displays, communication ports, and a power supply unit (PSU). The term RSS refers to the resilience support system in Figure 14, which means that the early warning and seismic event detection results are used by a resilience support system to alarm inhabitants to be aware and ready to cope with the situation. PRCL1 is the private cloud server that assists the PC-level computations like PDS sample streams to overlap the run-time seismic signals. There can be more than 9999999+ seismic samples overlapped over the run-time SP2 to compute the ratio as a similarity index between 0.1 and ~0.99. In Figure 15, the physical deployment of the SWEDA-SHM-QU case study is displayed as C05-Bridge (yellow) and B09-Lab (cyan). Figure 13: Realization of a SGBIN cluster topologies according to seismic wave ground motions as (**a**) P-wave ground motions; (**b**) S-wave ground motions; (**c**) R-wave ground motions; (**d**) L-wave ground motions; (**e**) SGBIN topology for P-wave detection; (**f**) SGBIN topology for S-wave detection; (**g**) SGBIN topology for R-wave detection; (**h**) SGBIN topology for L-wave detection. Figure 14: Realization of a regional SWEDA-SDM hardware prototype. Figure 15: Case study: Qatar University (QU) SWEDA-SHM sites deployment details listed as (**a,b**) B09 Lab with 10 C-SGBINs on SHM stand and 5 F-SGBINs on table and (**c**) out-surface board (OSB) and a F-SGBINs at the QU Bridge Site; (**d**) F-SGBINs at QU Bridge Site; (**e**) Outdoor Data Unit (ODU) for QU Bridge site mounted on wall of C05; (**f**) Indoor Data Unit (IDU) for QU Bridge site mounted on wall of C05; (**g**) overview on Google Maps for QU SHM sites. The core challenges in early warning and seismic wave events detection to be resolved at campus-level implementation in this work were:  
1. SGBINs placement anomalies, i.e., all sensors were not symmetric neither vertically nor horizontally. 2. SGBINs output contained unwanted amplitudes and frequencies that were increasing the computation costs as well as false detection. 3. The early warning estimation was a major challenge, i.e., the requirement of peak detection or extremities in the signal. 4. The seismic waves automated recording and processing activation needed unique peaks and frequencies identification. 5. The seismic waves runtime similarities estimation with an expected earthquake or seismic signal needed magnitude ratios as well as signal clustering. 6. The STA/LTA triggering only for featured events was a mandatory step that had to be performed. 7. A probabilistic sequence for an earthquake for runtime conditions was also needed for the next or upcoming signals similarity assessment. 8. Sending a new sampling scheme for the optimization of ADC was also needed to only capture the needed signals and reduce the post-analysis costs. The solution of all these difficulties is given in the results section step by step with an analysis.