## 3 Results and Discussions
### DIC, Ca and Mg in L/S = 5 Batches
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**NO3–**} \\ \hline \hline
**L/S ratios (CS)** & **Control** & **Compost** & **Biochar** & **Zeolites** & **Graphene** \\ \hline
1 & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.12a & 24.83 \(\pm\) 6.2a & 5.87 \(\pm\) 1.1a & 1.86 \(\pm\) 0.62b & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.01a \\
2 & 6.52 \(\pm\) 4.15b & 31.24 \(\pm\) 7.9b & 7.79 \(\pm\) 0.39b & 4.52 \(\pm\) 0.87c & 3.86 \(\pm\) 0.93 \\
5 & 2.57 \(\pm\) 0.06 ab & 12.73 \(\pm\) 6.2c & 4.00 \(\pm\) 2.2a & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.06a & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.01a \\
10 & 2.95 \(\pm\) 1.3 ab & 9.44 \(\pm\) 4.34c & 3.79 \(\pm\) 0.62a & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.01a & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.11a \\ F ratio & 4.159 & 7.927 & 2.796 & 43.31 & 46.917 \\ \(p\) value & 0.047 & 0.009 & 0.109 & \textless{}0.001 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline
**L/S ratios (SS)** & **Control** & **Compost** & **Biochar** & **Zeolites** & **Graphene** \\ \hline
1 & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.06a & 24.5 \(\pm\) 3.1a & 3.14 \(\pm\) 2.72a & 0.66 \(\pm\) 1.48 ab & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.62a \\
2 & 3.88 \(\pm\) 1.86b & 66.56 \(\pm\) 16.5b & 9.49 \(\pm\) 1.24b & 2.66 \(\pm\) 0.76c & 3.33 \(\pm\) 0.86b \\
5 & 2.29 \(\pm\) 0.06 ab & 21.46 \(\pm\) 6.2a & 2.33 \(\pm\) 0.06a & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.12b & 0.55 \(\pm\) 0.18a \\
10 & 2.08 \(\pm\) 1.1 ab & 19.86 \(\pm\) 3.72a & 2.18 \(\pm\) 0.62a & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.43 ab & 0.73 \(\pm\) 0.06a \\ F ratio & 5.898 & 18.031 & 15.686 & 4.079 & 17.479 \\ \(p\) value & 0.02 & \textless{}0.001 & 0.001 & 0.05 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**DOC**} \\ \hline
**L/S ratios (CS)** & **Control** & **Compost** & **Biochar** & **Zeolites** & **Graphene** \\ \hline
1 & 4.85 \(\pm\) 1.15a & 6.5 \(\pm\) 0.55a & 6.46 \(\pm\) 0.58a & 5.06 \(\pm\) 0.63a & 1.5 \(\pm\) 0.92b \\
2 & 4.04 \(\pm\) 1.04a & 7.29 \(\pm\) 0.56a & 4.99 \(\pm\) 0.42b & 3.06 \(\pm\) 0.1a & 4.67 \(\pm\) 0.36a \\
5 & 5.52 \(\pm\) 1.37a & 7.99 \(\pm\) 1.13a & 12.3 \(\pm\) 1.07c & 8.47 \(\pm\) 1.41b & 8.71 \(\pm\) 1.41c \\
10 & 6.34 \(\pm\) 0.48a & 13.41 \(\pm\) 1.7b & 10.21 \(\pm\) 0.41d & 6.45 \(\pm\) 1.87 ab & 6.28 \(\pm\) 1.39a \\ F ratio & 2.514 & 24.344 & 72.024 & 11.228 & 22.209 \\ \(p\) value & 0.132 & \textless{}0.001 & \textless{}0.001 & 0.003 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline
**L/S ratios (SS)** & **Control** & **Compost** & **Biochar** & **Zeolites** & **Graphene** \\ \hline
1 & 2.23 \(\pm\) 0.76a & 4.16 \(\pm\) 0.74b & 2.86 \(\pm\) 0.32a & 3.48 \(\pm\) 0.09a & 7.76 \(\pm\) 0.7a \\
2 & 3.48 \(\pm\) 1.29a & 8.07 \(\pm\) 0.62a & 2.13 \(\pm\) 0.31b & 6.54 \(\pm\) 1.35a & 5.18 \(\pm\) 0.35a \\
5 & 7.46 \(\pm\) 1.11b & 18.23 \(\pm\) 0.69c & 6.89 \(\pm\) 0.88c & 7.16 \(\pm\) 1.44a & 8.75 \(\pm\) 1.44a \\
10 & 4.41 \(\pm\) 1.06a & 10.21 \(\pm\) 2.17a & 3.66 \(\pm\) 0.23 ab & 5.61 \(\pm\) 2.58a & 7.34 \(\pm\) 1.01a \\ F ratio & 12.825 & 68.512 & 50.99 & 2.917 & 7.335 \\ \(p\) value & 0.002 & \textless{}0.001 & \textless{}0.001 & 0.1 & 0.011 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* The ANOVA metrics (F-ratio and \(p\)-value). For \(p\)-value \(<\) 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference between the means. Multiple range tests to determine which means are significantly different from which others for each parameter, based on different treatments. Different letters indicate statistically different means at 0.05 confidence.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Statistical comparison between the mean (\(\pm\)standard deviation) of raw data values (not multiplied by the L/S ratios factor) for NO3– and DOC at different L/S ratios for each improper for both soils.