## 1 Introduction
Approaches thus far have included utilizing developed quantitative models for each tree species to estimate the carbon sequestering capabilities of trees in parks [39], adopting established botanical carbon sequestration formulas to assess carbon fixation capacity [1], and measuring various tree attributes--such as tree height, diameter at breast height, aboveground biomass, and age--as well as estimating the carbon fixation amount of turfgrass, thereby calculating the annual carbon sequestration rates of parks [40]. Upon measuring tree characteristics, [PERSON] et al. applied formulas for plant carbon sequestration from the literature to assess carbon fixation capability and referred to the allometric growth equations of biomass cited in references to estimate aboveground biomass [7]. As indicated by the methods employed in the aforementioned literature, field surveys of parks are typically conducted to gather fundamental data on various tree species, attributes of turf grass, areas covered by trees, water bodies, and so forth. This is followed by the application of established formulas or models for plant carbon sequestration and the calculation of the aboveground biomass of the vegetation. These steps ultimately lead to an estimation of the total carbon sequestration capacity of the park. To accurately calculate the carbon emissions over the entire lifecycle of a park, it is critical to incorporate a LCA. For instance, research conducted by scholar [PERSON] quantifies the carbon emissions during the planting, maintenance, and waste management phases of park development. Following the establishment of a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), carbon emissions for each component are computed. For example, during the tree planting stage, emissions are calculated for the production and transport of seeds and fertilizers, as well as for the energy consumed by construction equipment (tractors and forklifts). Utilizing this method allows for not only an assessment of environmental impact but also an effective control over the operational costs of park management [5]. The aforementioned analysis details the meticulous calculation of carbon sequestration for each plant species by scholars studying the LCA of urban parks and carbon sequestration. The results, estimated with precision, also showcase certain disadvantages. Firstly, when calculating the aboveground biomass of individual plants, researchers can refer to existing literature for biomass equations; however, they frequently encounter the absence of species-specific equations. While some scholars suggest employing generalized equations as a substitute, such equations carry inherent uncertainties that lack extensive experimental validation. Secondly, following the methods detailed in the literature requires substantial time for data retrieval and calculations [41; 42]. Consequently, this study aims to discover a straightforward and rapid assessment method by disregarding the specific traits of plants. In the practice of landscape architecture, a simple and expedient evaluation of the carbon emissions over a park's full lifecycle becomes a critical step towards achieving carbon neutrality in parks. Crucially, for landscape designers and managers, the ability to estimate carbon emissions at the early stages of park construction or enhancement facilitates more frequent and effortless computation. This, in turn, enables the swift formulation of carbon reduction and design strategies and the rapid monitoring of the progress towards carbon neutrality goals, thus enhancing the resilience of parks. In summary, this study aims to achieve four objectives: (1) quantify carbon footprints of diverse parks, (2) assess park resilience, (3) propose optimal LEP area ratios, and (4) explore links between LEP, NDVI, and CN. Through these objectives, the study aims to assess parks' potential for carbon neutrality and resilience while offering recommendations to attain carbon neutrality.