## 4 Discussion
In our study, the measurements of the length of the mandibular body were uniform for both groups; therefore, there were no statistically significant differences. This result was in agreement with the the results of the studies of [PERSON] [32] and [PERSON] [6], in which the values of this measurement were statistically insignificant; however, in contrast to the studies of [PERSON] [30] and [PERSON] [5], the length of the mandibular body was larger in the control group. According to the results of our study, the sigmoid notch was deeper in the experimental group than in the control group (\(p<0.030\)), and this may be related to the greater size of the bony structures of the mandible. In fact, this corresponded to the results obtained through the measurements of the length of the condyle and coronoid process, which were longer in the experimental group than in the control group. This result contrasts with that of [PERSON]'s study [1], which showed higher measurements for the control group than the experimental group in relation to the depth of the sigmoid notch. This may have been due to the use of a different measurement technique or a different sampling method. It should be noted, however, that the depth of the notch of the anterior and posterior branches in our study showed no relevant differences, as the posterior depth was greater in the experimental group, but the anterior depth was greater in the control group. Regarding the retromolar space, our study found a significant difference between the two groups: the control group reported a mean measurement of 1.52 cm, which was significantly higher than the space in the experimental group, which was 1.14 cm, on average (\(p<0.001\)). This result is in line with the results of the studies carried out by [PERSON] [31] in Jordan (a measurement of 1.44 cm for the control group and of 1.10 cm for the experimental group was found) and by [PERSON] [34] in Pakistan (a measurement of 1.63 cm for the control group and 1.12 cm for the experimental group was found). According to [PERSON] [27], the retromolar space measurable from orthopanoramic radiographs should be more than 12 mm. This figure corresponded to the measurements in our study. Regarding the the space-witdth ratio of the lower third molar, the results that we obtained show that the control group had a ratio of 1.09 and that the experimental group had a ratio of 0.81. These ratios were very similar to those found by the studies already mentioned by [PERSON] [31] and [PERSON] [1]. In the angular measurements, however, the gnial angle was wider in the control group than in the experimental group. This result agreed with the results of the previous studies by [PERSON] [8] and [PERSON] [22]; however, they contrasted with those of [PERSON] [31] and [PERSON] [1], who found a wider angle for the experimental group than for the control group. Finally, [PERSON] [4] stated that a smaller gonial angle may be associated with an increased risk of lower third molar inclusion [10; 27; 35; 36]. This was in agreement with our results. In our study, the angulation of the lower posterior teeth, specifically the first and second molars, was greater in the experimental group. The control group showed a smaller angle and a more upright position. This result aligned with previous studies that have concluded that the inclination of the posterior teeth is a possible cause of the inclusion of lower third molars. On the other hand, it should be noted that, in our study, the inclination of the lower third molars was greater in the experimental group than it was in the control group, and this difference was highly significant (\(p<0.002\)). This result agreed with the results of previous studies by [PERSON] [37], [PERSON] [30], [PERSON] [5] and [PERSON] [38] and confirmed that the angle of a lower third molar, in relation to mandibular pain, can be an index for predicting tooth inclusion. To investigate whether there are any gender differences in mandibular geometry related to third molar impaction, the sample was divided into males and females.