# The Internet of Drones: Requirements, Taxonomy, Recent Advances, and Challenges of Research Trends
## 7 Challenges and Future Research Trends
### Privacy and Security-Related Challenges  
Since government agencies grant licenses for drone usage in civilian and commercial applications, the modern IoD is equipped with numerous connected sensor devices. These devices are vulnerable to various threats including hijack, human error, and loss. These issues should be given higher priority in the design of drone applications.  
Integrating AI-based security detection with blockchain to protect the devices and a more sophisticated defense system to control and monitor the application will help reduce the security threat to IoD [77]. In fact, when referring to UAVs one may have to stress the \"temporary\" relation since these devices could be \"untethered\" from land. Communications networks are vulnerable to jamming attacks that could catch new vehicles or shut down those vehicles by manipulating their controls. To ensure this goal is met, high integrity protected data links must be used between the flight and ground controllers, and the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA). Technological advancement such as augmented telecommunication and data protection technologies can help avoid the security breaches of the future. Nevertheless, anti-jamming using high powered signal encoding is possible with modern high technology. Communications protection depends on the communication channel frequency, communications media, technology, and the relationships between each other. Usually, encryption algorithms that operate at low bit rates are a bigger problem than those that run at high bit rates as there are more costly categories. Therefore, lowering costs are often followed by a reduction in security or in the number of operations [78].  
Additionally, owing to the UAVs autonomous nature, safety is a major concern. The UAVs are noisy and not easy to monitor, hence more safeguards should be established to maintain data protection. There will be many possibilities, implications, and events from the analysis of UAV. To secure UAV systems, using many techniques including redundant sensory devices and security systems that are linked to the UAV ground station and others, should be addressed. Other methods of preventing UAVs from being hacked have been reported. The recommendations from the defense department (DoD) discuss taking steps to counter hijacking. Thus, there are very few details on anti-terror strategies for coping with hijacking. The potential danger of hacking in the air can look as malware in the software created, spoofing attacks on communications-relay, and manipulation hardware or software. One of the possibilities to counter the attack is for the control station to manipulate the electromagnetic field of the carrier signal with hardware on the malicious attacker side. Other forms of attacks include stealing data and gaining control of device functions. To minimize the implications of these conditions, enabling the use of risk reduction standards that could be exercised in court is essential. Which risks are compatible to achieve the highest utility? Based on the available details, these decisions will lead to potential choicesto be made. A ground radar device that detects vehicle hijacking is potentially useful by telling the driver that the vehicle has been electronically changed. The only drawback will be the expense of developing, equipping, evaluating, and implementing the product since they had a dollar for dollar return on investment [79; 80].