## 4 Discussion
The assimilation activity of BY4741 in WG+HLMU medium was evaluated through glucose consumption (Figure 3; Table 4). According to the above analyses, BY4741 cultured in WG+HLMU medium consumed glucose only at a level 60.6% of that in YG+HLMU medium in 24 h, revealing that the efficiency of glucose consumption by BY4741 was decreased in WG+HLMU medium compared to YG+HLMU medium. It is well known that the glucose consumption rate of BY4741 differs depending on the nutritional source [40], and it was shown that wheat bran was no better than the optimized YNB in terms of glucose. However, there was no significant difference in the conversion ratio (theoretical yield) of ethanol from glucose by BY4741 between 63.0 \(\pm\) 7.2% in WG+HLMU medium and 62.5 \(\pm\) 8.2% in YG+HLMU medium, and there was no significant difference in ethanol production, even though the efficiency of ethanol production remained the same, meaning that there were no major changes in the metabolic response. There was a change in the efficiency of the cell production from glucose, indicating that the cell response was significant. According to [PERSON] et al., 47 wt% of the cell weight of the _S. cerevisiae_ is carbon [30]. Thus, in this study, in WG+HLMU medium, 47 wt% of 0.600 \(\pm\) 0.003 g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) of the cell was 0.28 g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) of the carbon as the component of the cells, and 0.705 g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) of glucose was used for cell production, meaning that 7.37 \(\pm\) 0.04 wt% of glucose was assessed for use in cell production. On the other hand, in YG+HLMU medium, 47 wt% of 0.659 \(\pm\) 0.021 g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) of the cell was 0.31 g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) of the carbon as the component of the cells, and 0.774 g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) of glucose was used for cell production, meaning that 4.90 \(\pm\) 0.04 wt% of glucose was assessed for use in cell production. Therefore, the fact that there was a significant difference in cell production strongly suggests that intracellular metabolism, including glucose intaking, could change dramatically. In order to produce substances from the wheat bran resource as a raw material by the use of the intracellular metabolic flow of the BY strain, the evaluation of the intracellular response to the raw material was highly important. Therefore, the attempt was made to analyze and evaluate how BY4741 responded to the use of wheat bran. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Glucose**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Cell Production**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Ethanol Production**} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Consumption**} & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-13}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Actual Value**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Actual Value**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Conversion**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Actual Value**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Conversion**} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\))**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\))**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Ratio (\%)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(g\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\))**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Ratio (\%)**} \\ \hline WG+HLMU medium & 9.57 & \(\pm\) & 0.69 & 0.600 & \(\pm\) & 0.003 & 7.31 & \(\pm\) & 0.04 & 3.08 & \(\pm\) & 0.35 & 63.0 & \(\pm\) & 7.2 \\ YG+HLMU medium & 15.8 & \(\pm\) & 0.16 & 0.659 & \(\pm\) & 0.021 & 4.90 & \(\pm\) & 0.16 & 5.05 & \(\pm\) & 0.66 & 62.5 & \(\pm\) & 8.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Activity of glucose use in WG+HLMU and YG+HLMU at 24 h.  
The transcriptomic analyses were performed to evaluate the detailed cell responses (Figures 4-6). In the case of using wheat bran instead of YNB, the metabolic activities in the upstream glycolysis were possibly enhanced because overall the gene transcription levels were increased (Figure 4a).