## 4 Result and Discussion
### Construction of the Proposed Mining Transportation Overall Vehicle Effectiveness (MTOVE)  
The proposed MTOVE formula was constructed based on the OEE concept, which combined the overall metrics into a single metric. This formula was also adapted from the TOVE and OVE Human concepts [14,15]. We adopted TOVE since it considered the relevant performance measures in transport operations. TOVE used total calendar time in the truck availability calculation to maximize its utilization. This is relevant in the mining environment, where the equipment availability is based on total calendar time and trucks must be utilized as often as possible. The OVE Human concept was also adapted, and we made a necessary modification to apply it to coal-hauling circumstances. OVE Human considered vehicle fleet energy, which refers to the energy consumed during the transportation process. MTOVE used fuel consumption as a new factor to measure the effectiveness of fuel consumption in terms of total fuel consumed divided by coal volume transported and mileage distance (L/ton km). Hauling contractors must control and monitor fuel consumption effectively since fuel is an important element in transportation cost. Modifications needed to be made to ensure its applicability in the coal mining transportation application. TOVE considered quality ratio as the percentage of service to customers, which is unmet demand and product defects during transportation. OVE Human also considered the quality rate, which is determined based on the number of service complaints, the number of delays, the number of damaged deliveries, and faulty deliveries. It also considered the number of driver violations related to traffic and transportation regulations. The quality ratio in MTOVE represents the number of trip failures due to internal causes, such as when trucks experience a breakdown or incident during the hauling process and coal is not delivered into port; subsequently, coal will be transferred to another truck. Truck accidents during the hauling process are also considered a trip failure. The proposed formula to calculate MTOVE is constructed as follows in Equation (1). To establish this formula, several metrics were combined: physical availability, use of availability, performance, and transportation quality. Physical availability represents the truck availability and use of availability represents the level of truck utilization, and performance represents truck productivity and the fuel consumption rate during the hauling process. Moreover, transportation quality represents transportation quality rate and coal loss during the hauling process. Safety, which is a crucial factor in mining, was also included in the quality rate calculation, which is the ability of the truck driver to operate without accident during the hauling process. \[\text{MTOVE (\%)}=\text{ Physical Availability }\times\text{ Use of Availability }\times\text{ Performance }\times\text{ Transportation Quality} \tag{1}\]  
The physical availability (PA) measures the total time the equipment is available after subtracting time losses due to equipment failure or routine maintenance. The resources that affect the PA are truck breakdown and truck maintenance time. The total available time in a day is based on 24 h when the truck is scheduled to work for the entire day. If there is no breakdown, then the truck is ready to use for an entire day. \[\text{Physical Availability }(\text{PA})=\frac{\text{Uptime (h)}}{\text{Total Available Time (h)}}\times 100\%, \tag{2}\]  
\[\text{Uptime (h)}=\text{ Total Available Time }-\text{ Downtime}. \tag{3}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Metric** & **First Round** & **Second Round** & **Third Round** & **Reference Value** \\ \hline Number of participants (\(n\)) & 14 & 12 & 12 & \(n>8\) \\ \hline Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (\(W\)) & 0.331 & 0.542 & 0.688 & \(W>0.6\)[56,57] \\ \hline Level of significance (\(p\)) & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & \(p<0.005\)[56,57] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}