## 3 Material and Methods
### Gradientic Tensor  
Aeromagnetic assessments are frequently employed in geophysical local surveys aimed at unexploded ordinance surveillance, geology mapping, and mineral prospecting (UXO). Using a single total field magnetometer, aeromagnetic traditional surveys only yield assessments of the total magnetic intensity (TMI).  
Different sensors provide precise measurements of the entire field gradient. These yields detailed data about shallow geological characteristics, which remain unaltered by diurnal fluctuations and the magnetic field background of the region. As an illustration of the gradient tensor measurement's power, the Canadian Geological Survey initiated an  
Figure 2: **(A)** Residual Aeromagnetic map of Bou Azzer Inlier. (**B**) Aeromagnetic map of Bou Azzer Inlier Reduced to the north pole [28].  
aeromagnetic gradiometer program in Canada, developing short baseline aeromagnetic gradiometers back in 1975 [30; 31; 32].  
In recent years, there has been the development of gradiometers that use superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). These devices have been demonstrated to be successful for observing geomagnetic phenomena. IPHT Jena has successfully created and tested full tensor magnetic gradiometer systems based on LTSQUIDs (low-temperature superconducting quantum interference devices) for various targets [33; 34].  
Vector surveys offer significant advantages, and the interpretability of magnetic surveys is greatly improved through the use of the complete magnetic gradient tensor (MGT). This describes how the three field components change in space along three perpendicular axes. This comprehensive MGT opens up possibilities for applications like magnetic navigation, air anti-submarine warfare, UXO detection and more. As a result, multiple geophysical firms are in the process of creating complete-tensor magnetic gradiometer systems. However, there are additional engineering obstacles that need to be addressed to create a functional airborne SQUID gradiometer system [34].  
The Magnetic Gradient Tensor (MGT) can be derived by transforming the potential field. Based on potential field theory, it is feasible to calculate the various potential fields and gradient elements overhead magnetic sources [35]. Consequently, gridded data for Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) could be employed to generate the components of the gradient tensor [36].  
The gradient tensor can alternatively be obtained by measuring the total-field gradients in either the vertical or horizontal directions [37]. There is no requirement to perform derivative operations, which could be unstable on Fourier domain, toward computing the gradient tensor from the total field gradient. Utilizing data on triaxial magnetic gradients allows for a more effective determination of gradient tensor components. However, in [37], triaxial aeromagnetic gradients were not taken into consideration, and instead, the observed vertical gradient was derived by means of the horizontal gradient.  
While gradiometer (or tensor) data are becoming more prevalent, especially in aerial gravity surveys, magnetic data are still often collected as a single value [38]. Gradiometer data involve the collection of nine gradient magnetic or gravity values for each point, instead of just one overall field magnitude [39]. This implies that more data sets are available for modeling, which can aid in resolving ambiguity issues during the modeling process.