# Assessment of Energy-Saving Practices of the Hospitality Industry in Macau
## 3 Results
### Green Program and Performance (GPP)  
Because Macau locates in a subtropical area, the installation of shading devices, such as curtains, heat insulating window film, and heat insulating glasses for hotel rooms, is very significant for reducing the indoor air-conditioning load [44]. Thus, it is meaningful to practice GPPc1 (shading devices). This study shows that 82.1% of hotels in Macau have installed such devices. For GPPc2 (water-saving showerheads), the vast majority of sampled hotels (82.1%) have installed water-saving showerheads to reduce water consumption. Especially, all the selected 5-star Hotels do that, and the average percentage of 3, 4 and 5-star hotels that do so is 91.3%. Moreover, the effect of water saving is satisfactory via this method. For instance, by doing so, in 2010, Riviera Hotel Macau saved 10% of water compared with that in 2007. It is shown that about 600 MOP expense of water can be saved for a single room [38]. For GPPc3 (waste water recycling), it requires hotels install wastewater recycling systems to save water, e.g., recycle wastewater for watering plants, or reuse pool water for toilet flushing. It is found that just 32.1% of hotels in Macau have installed such a kind of system. The percentage is 45.5% for 5-star hotels, 33.3% for 4-star hotels, 33.3% for 3-star hotels, while no 2-star hotel does it. Thus, it is meaningful to make more hotels know the necessity of a wastewater reuse system for water resource protection, as well as the actual benefits for the hotel from saving water. Taking Grand Coloane Resort as an example, it installed a grey water recycling system such that around 70% of grey water is reused for garden irrigation, leading to that annual water consumption is reduced by 7% compared with that in the previous year [45]. Green Roof can increase amenity value, contribute to environmental qualities including urban heat island, air quality, and wildlife value, and enhance building energy performance (15% energy saving and 2 degrees Celsius room temperature reduction). For GPPc4 (green roofs), seven hotels build Green Roofs to increase building heat insulation and energy efficiency as shown in Figure 1. The percentage of hotels that do so is relatively low and is about 25.0%. Four 5-star hotels have adopted the green roof strategy. In fact, Green Roof is very suitable for the densely populated area, like Macau, and its effectiveness has been verified in recent years [46]. It is known that the reduction of power consumption for lightings has a remarkable effect on energy conservation. Thus, it is important to use energy-saving lightings devices as indicated by GPPc5 (energy-saving lightings). It is impressive that 96.4% of sampled hotels in Macau use energy-saving devices for lightings, and the utilization rate is more than 50%. For example, Grand Lapa Macau has replaced all exterior neon signs with LED lights and thus energy is saved by about 58% [47]. Conrad Macau Cotai Central also changed all corridor lightings devices into LEDs in 2013, which can save about 646,000 kWh of electricity each year [48]. Through field survey, we found that some 2-star hotels also installed energy-saving bulbs, but it lacks regular maintenance and there are unrepaired broken bulbs. Natural light is the bounty of the earth's gift. The natural light utilization for lightings in a hotel can reduce energy consumption and is very comfortable for the visitors. For GPPc6 (natural  
Figure 1: A Green Roof instance. (Provided by the Venetian Macau). light), 92.9% of hotels in Macau maximize the use of natural light for lightings inside a hotel or re-design a spatial arrangement of guest rooms to utilize the natural light as illustrated in Figure 2, which can achieve a perfect match between the natural lights and the building landscape for efficient energy utilization. For GPPc7 (timers of lighting), more than 60% of sampled hotels installed timers and occupancy sensors to control the lightings devices in corridor or office areas to save power consumption.