## 4 Discussion
Second, clinicians should consider gender-specific differences like the depth and the distances from the mandibular edges when planning procedures involving the mental foramen. Tailored treatment \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Position** & **I** & **II** & **III** & **IV** & **V** \\ \hline Zimbabweweans & 0.0 & 0.0 & 12.4 & 56.3 & 31.3 \\ \hline Malawians & 0.0 & 2.8 & 10.0 & 62.9 & 24.3 \\ \hline South Indians & 0.0 & 44 & 16.7 & 55.2 & 27.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Population**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Distance from the Inferior**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Distance from the Superior**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Height**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Width**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mandibular Edge**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mandibular Edge**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Height**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Width**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & R & L & R & L & R & L & R & L \\ \hline Italians (present & & & & & & & \\ article) & 15.2 (1.9) & 15.4 (1.9) & 12.9 (2.8) & 12.7 (2.8) & 2.9 (0.8) & 2.9 (0.8) & 3.2 (0.8) & 3.2 (0.8) \\ \hline Turks [7] & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Jordanians [19] & 12.7 (1.6) & 12.8 (1.7) & 12.0 (2.5) & 12.2 (2.6) & 2.9 (0.8) & 2.5 (0.9) & 2.3 (0.7) & 3.0 (0.7) \\ \hline Indians [24] & 10.67 & 0.21 & 10.71 & 0.18 & 3.58 (0.17) & 3.55 (0.18) & & \\ \hline Indians [25] & 12.16 (3.04) & 12.11 (3.11) & 14.05 (3.05) & 13.82 (3.06) & & & \\ \hline Indians [26] & 17.3 & 1.37 & 17.0 & 18.6 & 2.79 & 2.57 & & \\ \hline Turks [27] & 14.61 & 14.29 & 13.62 & 14.62 & 2.38 & 2.64 & 2.93 & 3.14 \\ \hline Bosnians [28] & 12.67 (2.00) & 12.72 (1.66) & 14.37 (4.37) & 14.37 (4.22) & 1.71 (1.02) & 1.69 (0.64) & 2.56 (1.05) & 2.41 (0.94) \\ \hline Polish people [29] & & & & & & & 3.55 (1.08) * & 4.06 (1.25) * & 4.24 (1.1) * & 4.06 (1.25) * \\  & & & & & & 3.02 (0.83) * & 3.03 (0.86) * & 3.89 (1.12) * & 3.92 (1.18) * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* male; \({}^{\$}\) female.  
\end{table} 
Table 9: Comparison of metrical data regarding anatomical characteristics of the mental foramen in selected populations. approaches based on gender and ethnicity can lead to a more accurate localization of the nerve pathway and better surgical outcomes. The observed repeatability of metrical measurements with CBCT underscores the reliability of this imaging modality for assessing the mental foramen's position. CBCT should be considered as a preferred method for precise localization in dental and maxillofacial procedures. The identified correlations between metrical parameters enable clinicians to predict one measurement based on another, providing additional insights into the MF dimensions without the need for additional imaging. It is essential to acknowledge some limitations of the study. The research was conducted on a specific population, and its generalizability to other ethnicities or regions might be limited. Future studies with larger and more diverse sample sizes could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between metrical parameters and the mental foramen's position. Additionally, exploring other factors that may influence mental foramen localization, such as genetic variations or anatomical anomalies, could further enhance the precision of surgical planning. In conclusion, the paper presents significant findings regarding the anatomical position of the mental foramen based on a meticulous analysis of CBCT images. The results highlight the absence of significant age differences between genders, the repeatability of metrical measurements and gender-specific differences in certain metrical parameters. The correlations between metrical measurements provide valuable insights for predicting the mental foramen's dimensions. These findings contribute to improved treatment planning, enhanced surgical accuracy and reduced potential complications in dental and maxillofacial surgeries.