# Development and Future Trends of Digital Product-Service Systems: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach
## 4 Discussion
Accordingly, the authors summarize the content analysis and provide an overview of key findings and insights from the ten most cited papers related to digital servitization. * _Digital Disruption and Value Capture_: The examination begins by outlining how digital disruption impacts firms' supply chain positions. Physical product dematerialization, driven by lower manufacturing and transportation costs, has changed the way that firms interact with their customers [60]. This shift allows downstream firms to empower themselves while allowing upstream firms to capture more value through difficult-to-imitate digital services [61]. * _The Analysis of Ecosystems in Digital Servitization_: The analysis then investigates the function of ecosystems in digital servitization business models [62]. To explain how digitalization effects business models across organizational borders inside of ecosystems, four firm theories are used: Industrial Organization, Resource-Based View, Organizational Identity, and Transaction Cost Approach [63]. The alignment and appropriateness of diverse enterprises' business models inside of ecosystems is critical for effective digital servitization [64]. * _Smart PSS and Service Innovation_: The notion of Smart Product-Service Systems (Smart PSSs) and their potential for service innovation is explored in the content analysis [65]. Smart PSSs combine smart goods and e-services to provide customized services, community participation, and continual growth [9]. The analysis stresses the need for good design frameworks and gives a case study of personalized smart wearables to demonstrate Smart PSSs' value generation potential [66]. * _Organizational Change and Digital Servitization_: The focus of the investigation moves on to organizational change processes in digital servitization [67]. These studies, which are based on in-depth interviews with management, find disparities in digital service-led development and ecosystem-related activities among firms [68]. The findings highlight the significance of within-firm centralization and integration in enabling successful digital servitization [69]. Service-centricity and cultivating an agile mentality are essential for reaping the full benefits of digitalization. * _Financial Performance and the Interplay of Digitalization and Servitization_: These studies looks into the links between digitalization, servitization, and financial performance [70]. The interaction between low-to-moderate levels of digitalization and significant servitization has a detrimental influence on financial performance [71]. However, when digitalization increases from moderate to high levels, the interaction improves the financial performance. These findings emphasize the importance of servitization in boosting financial success as a result of digitalization. * _The Internet of Things' Impact on Service-Oriented Business Models_: This study focuses on how the Internet of Things (IoT) affects service-oriented business models in B2B manufacturing firms [72]. It stresses the benefits and problems provided by IoT technology, as well as the significance of sales models in influencing organizations' digital servitization strategies. This research contributes by distinguishing incremental levels of complexity based on the usage of IoT technology and offering a map of digital servitization. This analysis adds to the existing literature by synthesizing and summarizing the present state of knowledge on the topic of digital servitization. Based on the existing knowledge and the findings from this research, the authors propose the future development of digital PSS using the new manufacturing strategy Industry 5.0. Human-centric, sustainable, and resilient are the three orientations of Industry 5.0. From the standpoint of digital PSS, the first human-centric orientation encloses customer inclusion in digital service development, which is in accordance with the keywords analysis (e.g., blueprint and design thinking), as well as the content analysis design of the digital PSS and co-creation process.