## 1 Introduction
For planning the BTM BESS [8], decreasing the BESS cost leads to rising the penetration rate and reducing the electricity cost with TOU for charge and discharge scheduling according to the evaluation of electricity price, key components cost, and real interest rate. The customer investment in BTM provides the techno-economic scenario analysis to forecast and quantify customer energy transitions [15], and then to select a targeted capacity determines that maximum internal rate of return (IRR) [16]. Optimizing the scheduling of power with BESS achieves the maximum savings compared to purchasing grid power by choosing the BESS capacity with maximum IRR on the PV microgrid [17]. Therefore, the microgrid system can be designed to operate by minimizing the operating cost in BESS flow control according to pricing models [18]. The market integration provides an opportunity to leverage a new scheme of customer energy resources and utility energy resources for the renewable energy transition. The techno-economic analysis of PV and BESS in BTM was applied to an electric vehicle fast-charging station with the small 4-port to obtain a return on investment (ROI) of about $22.4 k over 10 years by 46.5 kW/28.3 kWh BESS [19]. The resiliency analysis explicitly forms the microgrid survivability against a random outage by considering uncertainties associated with PV, the load, and distributed generator failures [20]. An evaluation for microgrid was proposed to get economic benefits from the various grid and BTM services in grid-connecting mode and resilience benefits in islanding mode [21]. The well-designed microgrid with generators PV and BESS held the potential to approach resiliency goals and reduced the net cost of the system during grid operations. For commercial evaluation using the HOMER Grid software, a rapid cost-effective adoption of PV with BESS is performed as well as a techno-economic ability on the degradation limit and tariff structure. The battery is set only once instead of twice to lower the net present cost (NPC), and by using 50% lower degrade of initial capacity to a 30% reduction of capital cost during the project lifetime [22]. In addition, the optimal PV and BESS systems at two locations (Arlanda and Karlstad) in Sweden were determined by the indicators of net present value, profitability index (PI), the LCOE, and payback period accordingly [23]. The consideration includes system losses, electricity prices, capital costs, and policy incentives compared between these locations [24]. The synergy between PV and BTM BESS reveals the utility costs reduction in buildings by determining the optimal sizing of the PV and BESS under the assumed utility rate tariffs to result in the largest NPV [25]. For PV plus BESS located in BTM, the impact investigation [26] shows the investment incentives to maximize avoided utility costs and minimize cost-shifting concerns under retail rate structures. The customers accrue economic savings with PV plus BESS, considering a TOU tariff and the steady-state over-voltage disconnection of inverters. The four-quadratic program was compared to lead to the optimization approaches to the designed charge and discharge schedule of residential BESS. As the cost of a PV system and BESS decreases, the PV system integration BESS applied to the BTM market is growing rapidly. The application of an energy storage system in front-of-the-meter (FTM) [27] can provide services such as bulk energy services, ancillary services, grid support, and renewable energy integration. According to the regulations and demands of the electricity market in various countries, the benefit can be obtained from the services. Under the guidance of energy policies in other countries, the application of PV/BESS in BTM is growing rapidly, and it can mainly provide customer energy management services to utility customers [28]. The incentives include the BESS scheduling with TOU to reduce electricity expense, increase PV self-consumption, and reduce the use of electricity.