# Matching the Liquid Atomization Model to Experimental Data Obtained from Selected Nozzles
## 4 Discussion  
The above paper presents mathematical modeling and predicts the uniformity of spray liquid distribution with the use of different types of nozzles. The experimental results of [PERSON] et al. [4] showed that slight differences in both the setting of the sprayer's field boom and the unit flow rate of the spray liquid caused changes in the uniformity of the spray liquid distribution. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15] developed a mathematical model that allows low coefficients of spraying unevenness. The scientists conducted research using dual-stream nozzles and variable parameters, such as spraying height, liquid pressure, and the angle of the field boom. Based on analysis of the test results, the researchers concluded that, in order to obtain low values of the unevenness coefficient, the boom should be set at a height of 0.4-0.5 m, the liquid pressure should be in the range of 0.350-0.400 MPa, and the boom tilt angle should not be higher than 5\({}^{\circ}\) in the horizontal plane. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [33] presented a model for predicting changes in droplet size when the pressure or type of liquid changes. The model proposed by the scientists is designed for Newtonian liquids, and they drew attention to the need to develop a model for non-Newtonian liquids. [PERSON] et al. [16] and [PERSON] et al. [34] presented the results of tests carried out in a wind tunnel with the use of air-induction nozzles. Many authors stressed the importance of research using adjuvants. [PERSON] et al. [34] noticed that the type of substance used affects the quality of atomization. When adjuvants are added to the liquid, the process of disintegration of the liquid into droplets changes, causing a change in the size and uniformity of the droplets. The Li-700 adjuvant and single-stream standard, dual-stream, air-induction, and hollow cone nozzles were used in the tests. The use of an adjuvant improved the uniformity of the droplets produced using air-induction nozzles. [PERSON] et al. [35] concluded that further research should be conducted in this area, because the addition of an adjuvant can cause both improvement and deterioration of liquid uniformity. However, [PERSON] et al. [16] developed a model and validated it; the input variables were liquid flow rate and pressure, to predict the output variables Dv0.1, Dv0.5, Dv0.9, % \(<\) 150 \(\upmu\)m, RS, and CV. Based on the validation results, only Dv0.1, Dv0.5, Dv0.9, and % \(<\) 150 \(\upmu\)m can be predicted based on the input data. [PERSON] et al. [7] analyzed the impact of different types of nozzles, liquid pressure, wind speed, and obstacles destabilizing the boom operation. The tests were carried out on a designed obstacle course with the use of three types of nozzles at three different liquid  
Figure 6: Spray fallout distribution for the nozzle (CV = 1.490%; CV = 10.000%)—acceptable deviation ranges. pressures and three different driving speeds. Based on the results of the experiments, it was found that the anti-drift nozzles LD were characterized by the greatest uniformity. [PERSON] et al. [13] noticed that a high value of the variation coefficient of a single nozzle does not mean exceeding 10% of the variation coefficient value of the entire boom. During their tests, six nozzles were used at seven levels of wind speed (from 0 to 6 m/s). Values of coefficient variation were lower than 10% only for anti-drift nozzles AZMM. On the other hand, for air-induction nozzles EZ, the coefficient of variation value decreased with increasing wind speed [13]. Similar studies were conducted by [PERSON] et al. [36], with the difference that hydraulic nozzles were also used in their experiments. Pulse width modulation (PWM) systems are used to improve the uniformity of liquid distribution. [PERSON] et al. [36] found that the uniformity of liquid distribution with a pulse width modulation system can be optimized by applying liquid pressures above 0.276 MPa and duty cycles greater than or equal to 40%. The condition is the use of nozzles other than air-induction nozzles.