# Assessment of Electromagnetic Exposure to a Child and a
## 1 Introduction  
It is undeniable that the invention of the mobile phone was a turning point in modern history. It has offered people numerous advantages by bringing wireless communication into everyday life and allowing for immediate and continuous communication between people being some meters or hundreds of kilometers apart. Nowadays, it is an essential part of everyday life. Since the first use of cell phones, extensive research is being conducted [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12], because of the emitted electromagnetic energy, that has become an aspect of public issue of health and safety. Research studies were able to determine the relation of the rate of absorption energy with permittivity-related behavior, the spatial mass distribution, and the biological structure of the tissue itself, and also the power, the frequency, and the distance of the radiation source [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. In several studies, the examination of specific absorption rate (SAR) is combined with temperature variations [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28] to achieve a more holistic and detailed insight into the subject. As [29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34] suggest, it is essential to conduct thermal analysis alongside dosimetry analysis to gain a better understanding of the relationship between radiation from a mobile phone and human tissues. While cell phones have become an integral part of daily routine, the age of their users is reduced, bringing forward the importance of electromagnetic microwave effects investigation by the scientific community at vulnerable population groups such as children [35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40], who might show greater sensitivity to EM exposure than adults [41, 42, 43]. And of course, high attention is paid to pregnant women [44, 45, 46, 47] that should take extra care to be protected from the radio frequency [48, 49]. Nowadays, wireless devices play a crucial role in daily tasks and activities, leading to their frequent use in enclosed spaces like transport vehicles and elevators [50; 51; 52; 53; 54]. In that sense, it is important to investigate real-life exposure scenarios of sensitive population groups in special environments. In this paper, we examine EM radiation exposure and heat-related distribution of a girl at the age of five and a woman in the third trimester of pregnancy inside an elevator cabin. In contrast with our prior work [55], in this research we changed the numerical humans' configurations in order to examine how exactly, and on which scale, the positioning of humans affects the quantities measured for all the utilized anthropomorphic phantoms, including the seven-month fetus. In order to explore how the fetus' measurements of thermal increase and electromagnetic absorption rate are affected by the child's body and if it plays a crucial role in the levels of electromagnetic exposure, we rotate the pregnant woman around eight different positions of the child with reference to the pregnant naval point. The pregnant-woman phantom was uniformly affixed at the umbilicus, selected as a consistent reference point across all experimental configurations, whereas in our previous investigation, the numerical Pregnant II model was centered within the metallic enclosure and subsequently rotated about its vertical axis through eight distinct orientations, each employing a different attachment point on the phantom. By employing a single attachment point that is chosen based on its provision of one of the highest exposure measurements in our prior work, we are able to isolate and evaluate the influence of varying handset-speaker positions relative to the maternal abdomen. This methodology permits a more precise assessment of how the measured parameters fluctuate with device placement, thereby enhancing our understanding of the positional effects of a child-held mobile phone model on fetal exposure. SEMCAD-X software was used to carry out the dosimetry analysis [56], which relies on the finite difference time domain method for computation [57].