## 4 Results and Discussion
These same authors obtained values for the contact pressure on the femoral cartilage of 8.6 MPa with an alpha angle of 32\({}^{\circ}\), but when the alpha angle was 90\({}^{\circ}\), the contact pressure reached values of 13.3 MPa. As a general rule, it can be stated that, in all of the work analyzed, cartilage stresses were higher for damaged cartilage than for healthy cartilage. Similarly, in all the cases analyzed, the damaged cartilage became thinner while the maximum stresses occurred on the anterosuperior bone surface, beneath the acetabular cartilage. In both the FE models that were studied in the current work, it was observed that the accumulated damage of the oldest cartilage was the greatest. This cartilage exhibited a notable reduction in the thickness of its outer areas. Our findings agree with clinical observations. They indicate that the area of damage and high von Mises stress and contact pressures are related. Further, the area of delamination of the cartilage for a femoroacetabular impingement of the Cam type and the data that our FE simulations produced are consistent with the loads that included a 50\({}^{\circ}\) alpha angle and the patient's body weight (Figure 6). Cartilage damage in early hip  
Figure 9: Contact pressures distribution obtained in the cartilage: (**a**) healthy hip joint (**b**) Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement hip joint. osteoarthritis is the result of dysplasia or impingement and may require surgery. Surgery is usually undertaken to preserve the hip before severe osteoarthritis becomes evident and a resection or reorientation osteotomy [9; 16] is necessary. This usually restores the joint's geometry to normal. As a result, impingement or addressing dysplasia is prevented. Furthermore, the range of motion without pain is increased. There is only limited clinical information about the acetabulum's normal shape, or the alpha angle and the coverage angle of the femoral head coverage. Our data show that, for daily walking activities, in which the load applied to the cartilage can be one's own weight and the rotation of the femoral head (which can be around 50\({}^{\circ}\)), the stresses and contact pressures reach very high values for both healthy and damaged cartilage. This is due to Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement. These contact stresses and pressures, when acting on healthy cartilage for a period of five years, caused substantial damage. These results could be used to prevent cartilage degradation in young patients by limiting their mobility and not overloading their cartilage with rotations that approach 50\({}^{\circ}\), along with a load on one leg of one's entire body weight, in cases where the patient has not undergone surgical interventions such as resection or reorientation osteotomy, in view of the limitations of the FE proposed models. These FE models help to increase our understanding of joint degeneration etiology and the relationship between stress, displacement, and contact pressures on the cartilage; we should ensure that our assumptions simplify our work. Although cartilage is highly structured, biphasic anisotropic material, accounting for these aspects and also the tribological aspects of joint degeneration of how would be the increase our understanding of load sharing between the solid phase and interstitial synovial fluid in cartilage. In future work, it would be advisable to update the mechanical behavior of both cartilage and bone, and to examine models that consider non-linearities for both. Our work concentrated only on one study patient (a healthy young man), which limited the findings of our study. Consequently, it would be of great interest to conduct a much larger study that considers older age ranges, and even a consideration of sex.