## 3 Results
### Expression Analysis of ADGRG3 Gene in Various Cancers
#### 3.1.2 Expression of GPR97 in LAML Based on Clinical Attributes  
AML is a complex cancer originating in the bone marrow, characterized by widespread distribution in the body rather than solid tumor formation. Unlike other cancers, AML prognosis depends on factors such as subtype, age, and genetic abnormalities, rather than staging. The French-American-British (FAB) classification divides AML into subtypes (M0-M7) based on cell type and maturity, each with distinct clinical implications. For instance, M3 (acute promylocytic leukemia) requires specific treatment strategies. Prognosis is further influenced by genetic factors such as chromosomal translocations, including those  
Figure 1: Bar plot illustrating the (**A**) gene expression levels of ADGRG3 across various cancer types and their paired normal tissues. (**B**) Expression difference in ADGRG3 (tumor–normal) across cancer types. Abbreviations: ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma; BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma; BRCA, invasive breast carcinoma; CESC, cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma; CHOL, cholangiocarcinoma; COAD, colon adenocarcinoma; DLBC, lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; ESCA, esophageal carcinoma; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; HNSC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; KICH, kidney chromophore; KIRC, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; KIRP, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma; LAML, acute myeloid leukemia; LGG, brain lower-grade glioma; LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; OV, ovarian cancer; PAAD, pancreatic adenocarcinoma; PCPG, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma; PRAD, prostate adenocarcinoma; READ, rectum adenocarcinoma; SARC, sarcoma; SKCM, skin cutaneous melanoma; STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma; TGCT, tenosynovial giant cell tumor; THCA, thyroid carcinoma; THYM, thymoma; UCEC, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma; and UCS, uterine carcinoma.  
between chromosomes 8 and 21 (common in M2) or 15 and 17 (seen in M3), along with other factors such as white blood cell count and residual disease after treatment.  
In this study, ADGRG3 (GPR97) expression in LAML was analyzed across FAB subtypes to explore its potential variability. As shown in Figure 2A, higher GPR97 expression was observed in subtypes M2 (\(n=39\)), M6 (\(n=2\)), and M7 (\(n=3\)), with moderate expression in M4 (\(n=35\)). In contrast, subtypes M0 (\(n=16\)), M1 (\(n=42\)), and M5 (\(n=18\)) showed lower expression. Gender-based analysis (Figure 2B) revealed similar expression levels in males (\(n=93\)) and females (\(n=80\)), while age-based analysis (Figure 2C) showed the highest expression in the 21-40-year-old group (\(n=34\)), followed by the 61-80-year-old group (\(n=72\)). These patterns suggest a potential subtype-specific role for ADGRG3, aligning with prior studies that link elevated ADGRG3 expression to poor prognosis and inflammatory pathway involvement in hematological malignancies [22].  
These findings emphasize ADGRG3's relevance in specific AML subtypes, particularly M2, M6, M7, and M4, and support its potential as a therapeutic target. Future research in other cancers with high ADGRG3 expression will help elucidate its broader role across tumor types.