## 1 Introduction  
Plants have been characterized as a rich source of pharmaceutical products with therapeutic or prophylactic properties, which are associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. The strategy of exploring medicinal plants as a source of therapeutic compounds has demonstrated its utility and productivity for potential pharmacological uses [4]. One notable advantage of utilizing natural extracts in therapeutic applications lies in their ability to exert multi-targeted modes of action [6]. Several active constituents derived from plant extracts, including vincristine, vinblastine, and paclitaxel, have already shown promise as effective anticancer drugs [7; 8]. Thus, it is worth determining new beneficial properties of plant extracts for various therapeutic purposes. Jaboticaba is the edible fruit of the jaboticaberia (_Plinia cauliflora_; also known as _Myricaria cauliflora_ previously) [9]. The fruit of _P. cauliflora_ (jaboticaba) grows directly on the trunk of the tree (Figure 1A). The _P. cauliflora_ fruit is a sweet, thick, and sticky white pulp covered in a dark purple-black outer skin [9; 10]. The fruits of _P. cauliflora_ are used as food and contain carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins. The fruits of _P. cauliflora_are eaten raw or used to make jellies, jams, juices, or wine. This superfluid [11] also contains polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and gallotannins [12; 13]. _P. cauliflora_ has long been employed for the treatment of diarrhea, labyrinthitis, skin irritations, flu, genitourinary problems, and asthma [10]. Recently, the potential anticarcinogenic and antiproliferative effects of this fruit on several cancer cell lines such as breast [14] and lung cancer cells [15] are reported. Antibacterial activities of the fruit extracts of _P. cauliflora_ were also demonstrated [16; 17]. Therefore, determining the molecular targets and understanding the reaction mechanisms are of considerable interest for further biotechnological and pharmacological uses. In this study, the fruit extract of _P. cauliflora_ was used to test for the suppression of B16F10 melanoma cells and the inhibition of the DNA-binding activity of the recombinant single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), an essential DNA replication protein in bacteria [18]. SSB is essential for all aspects of DNA metabolic processes, including replication, repair, recombination, and replication restart in bacteria [19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. SSB binds tightly and cooperatively to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), regardless of sequence [18]. SSB is known to form interactions with numerous DNA metabolism proteins, creating what is referred to as the SSB interactome [25]. Given its crucial roles, SSB presents itself as a potential target for antibacterial drug development [26; 27; 28]. In eukaryotes, replication protein A (RPA) serves as the equivalent of bacterial SSB [29]. Although RPA shares similar functions with SSB, it differs in terms of structure and numerous other functions [30]. While SSB functions as a homotetramer(s) [24], human RPA (RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3) operates as a  
Figure 1: Preparation and analysis of the fruit extract from _Plinia cauliflora_. (**A**) _P. cauliflora_, commonly used in traditional Brazilian medicine, boasts various ethnobotanical applications. The fruit, also known as jaboticaba, grows directly on the tree trunk. (**B**) Jaboticaba is the edible fruit of _P. cauliflora_. (**C**) GC chromatogram. The content was analyzed by GC-MS. By matching the generated spectra with mass spectral libraries, compounds were tentatively identified. The most abundant compound detected in this extract was 5-hydroxymethylfurral, with a retention time of 19.13 min. heterotrimer [30]. Additionally, RPA binds to its partner proteins through mechanisms that are different from those of SSB [20; 30]. Accordingly, pharmacologically inhibiting SSB could be a suitable approach for targeting bacterial pathogens.