## 3 Results
### Short-Term Preservation of Celestial Goldfish Sperm
Repeated observation of Celestial Goldfish sperm preserved in phenol red [PERSON]'s solution at room temperature (16-22 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C to verify the results from the previous step (3). Four parallel samples were set up for each experiment, and the observations were as follows: a. At room temperature, sperm preserved in phenol red [PERSON]'s solution remained pink and showed a sperm viability of over 60% within 7 h. After 8 h, the pink color gradually lightened, and sperm viability dropped below 20%. At 17 h, sperm viability was less than 10%. By 30 h, almost all sperm was dead. b. At 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, within 17 h, the preservation solution remained pink, with sperm viability exceeding 80%. Between 18 and 27 h, the solution gradually lightened in color, and viability decreased to around 50%. After 40 h, almost all sperm were dead. Refer to Table 3 for specific results, and Figure 1 for the color change of goldfish sperm preserved in phenol red [PERSON]'s solution at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
The observations above validated the conclusion from the previous Step (3) that preserving celestial goldfish sperm in phenol red [PERSON]'s solution was most suitable at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, maintaining viability for up to 17 h. At room temperature, viability was only sustained for 7 h. Additionally, observing the gradual lightening of the preservation solution's color from pink indicated significant sperm mortality, signifying sperm inactivation. Thus, in practical applications, the color of the preservation solution would be used as a visual indicator to assess sperm viability. Fertilization Capacity of Celestial Goldfish Sperm Preserved in Phenol Red [PERSON]'s solution  
Figure 1: Color changes over time in celestial goldfish sperm preserved with phenol red [PERSON]’s solution at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Note: From left to right: The color changes of in goldfish sperm preserved in phenol red [PERSON]’s solution at 40 h, 27 h, and 17 h respectively, alongside the color of tap water used as a control. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Preservative** & \\
**Temperature** & \\ \hline
18–22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 1–7 h: Pink, Sperm Viability \textgreater{}60\%; 8 h onwards: Gradual transition to Light Pink, Sperm Viability \textless{}20\%; 17 h: Sperm Viability \textless{}10\%; 30 h: Sperm Viability \textless{}2\%, Almost complete death \textless{}1–17 h: Pink, Sperm Viability \textgreater{}80\%; 18–27 h: Gradual transition from Pink to Light Pink, Sperm Viability gradually decreased to 50\%; After 40 h: Sperm Viability \textless{}2\%, Almost complete death \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Observation of celestial goldfish sperm condition preserved in [PERSON]’s solution at room temperature (18–22 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
Celestial goldfish sperm preserved in phenol red [PERSON]'s solution at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C within 17 h was immediately used for wet fertilization with fresh celestial goldfish eggs. Simultaneously, fresh celestial goldfish sperm and eggs from the same batch were used for wet fertilization as a control. The experimental results showed that both sets of fertilized eggs successfully hatched into fry. Moreover, both groups achieved a fertilization rate of 90% and a hatching rate of 95%. This indicated that celestial goldfish sperm preserved in phenol red [PERSON]'s solution at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 17 h retained comparable fertilization capacity to that of fresh sperm.