# GPS Time Series Analysis from Aboa the Finnish Antarctic Research Station
## 5 Conclusions  
We estimated horizontal rates of 11.23 \(\pm\) 0.09 mm/y for the East component and 1.46 \(\pm\) 0.05 mm/y for the North component for Aboa in East Antarctica. These results reflect the dynamic properties of the Antarctic tectonic plate. They are in an excellent agreement with the motions derived from the GEODVEL and ITRF2014 velocity models. In vertical, the Aboa's uplift rate is 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.35 mm/y including all ongoing geophysical signals (e.g., GIA signals and current mass changes). The time series showed that the trends at Aboa have been constant since 2007 despite potential mass changes during the period of this study. The location of the Aboa station is unique and the GPS results obtained provides valuable data for geophysical studies especially in East Antarctica. The unique location also brings challenges to the data processing as conventional models and methods have deficiencies for Antarctica. We produced rates with the highest accuracy and realistic uncertainties. Our vertical estimates are the most robust ones available for Aboa due to the thorough raw data analysis, the validation of processing and the amount of data. Our results will contributes to the ongoing discussion on better understanding the impact of Antarctica on our planet. For more in-depth geophysical interpretation, we will analyse the data history of absolute gravity measurements carried out at Aboa and include a larger scale GNSS analysis in the future. [PERSON] conceptualised the manuscript idea, designed the methodology, produced the GPS time series; [PERSON] prepared the RINEX files and conducted the time series analyses; [PERSON] analysed the environmental loading; [PERSON] and [PERSON] were responsible for the maintenance of the receivers and of the data acquisition; [PERSON] offered supervision; [PERSON] and [PERSON] acquired the funding for the project leading to this publication; [PERSON] wrote the original draft and main text; and all the others commented and reviewed the manuscript. This research was funded by Academy of Finland grant number 305867. **Acknowledgments:** Finnish Antarctic Research Program (FINNARP) logistics is acknowledged for providing maintenance and operational support for the Aboa GPS station ([[http://www.antarctica.fi/](http://www.antarctica.fi/)]([http://www.antarctica.fi/](http://www.antarctica.fi/))). Finnish Geospatial \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **Reference** & **N Vel. [mm/y]** & **E Vel. [mm/y]** & **Speed [mm/y]** & **Azimuth [deg]** \\ \hline GSRM v2.1 & [86] & 12.38 & 3.03 & 12.75 & 13.77 \\ ITRF2014 [2016] & [51] & 11.49 & 1.22 & 11.55 & 6.05 \\ ITRF2008 & [85] & 10.86 & 0.66 & 10.88 & 3.46 \\ NNR-MORVEL56 & [87] & 11.16 & 4.60 & 12.08 & 22.41 \\ GEODVEL 2010 & [88] & 11.13 & 1.43 & 11.22 & 7.30 \\ MORVEL 2010 & [89] & 11.16 & 4.61 & 12.08 & 22.42 \\ \hline This study & 11.23 & 1.46 & 11.32 & 7.40 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* NNR or no-net_rotation frame refers to the reference frame for a given model of plate motion that yields zero for the integral of the vector cross-product vzv over the surface of the Earth.  
\end{table} 
Table 7: Tectonic plate motion at Aboa site using various plate motion models in the NNR* frame of the Antarctic plate. The velocity and speed are given in mm/y. Azimuth is measured clockwise from the North and expressed in degrees. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **UP Vel. [mm/y]** & **Model** & **UP Vel. [mm/y]** & **Model** & **UP Vel. [mm/y]** \\ \hline W12 & 1.32 & A13 & 0.65 & G14 & 1.79 \\ IJ05R2 & 0.24 & AGE1b & 0.19 & RATES & 1.89 \\ ICE-6G & 3.24 & R09 & 1.93 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Predicted vertical movement at Aboa from different GIA models [42].