## 4 Discussion
### Phylogenetic Evolutionary Analysis Based on the Interactive Transcriptome  
Based on the interactive and comparative transcriptomic study between _Clonostachys_ and _Trichoderma_, [PERSON] et al. (2015) found the ABC profile to be an informative feature to distinguish hypocreaceous fungal mycoparasites. Among ABC transporters, especially ABC-B and ABC-G families were involved in fungal self-protection and/or tolerance toward toxic metabolites derived from the mycotoxigenic fungal prey or pesticides [62]. In _S. mycoparsitica_, the cluster of ABC-B transporters is represented with ABC transporter 1 (Sm105692_c0_g1_i1) belonging to the multidrug resistance exporter (TC 3.A.1.201) subfamily. In _Ajellomyces capsulatus_, ABC1 mediates the biosynthesis of hydroxamate-containing siderophores that play a critical role in virulence via intracellular iron acquisition during macrophage infection [63; 64]. Probably the gene product is involved in the excretion of the extracellular siderophores [61]. Several classes of hydroxamate siderophores have, so far, been isolated such as ferrichromes, fusarinines, coprogens, and rhodotorulic acid [65]. In _Magnaporthe grisea_, from ABC1 to ABC4 were reported to regulate cytotoxicity and mediate multidrug resistance as well as, oxidative stress for successful infection [66]. Especially, _MgABC1_ and _MgABC4_[65] were known to be responsible for pathogenicity as the _M. grisea_ mutant for the _ABC1_ gene showed a strong reduction in its virulence. The mutant for the _ABC4_ gene was impaired in approssiour formation [67] and the transcription of _MgABC1_ was activated under oxidative condition [68], while _MgABC2_[69] and _MgABC3_[70] were required for multidrug resistance rather than pathogenicity. [PERSON] et al. (2006) reported that _M. oryzae_ mutated for deletion of the _abc3_ gene showed increased sensitivity to valinomycin and actinomycin D and showed high sensitivity to oxidative stress. The analysis of vacuolar ABC transporters in _S. mycoparsitica_ revealed multiple drug resistance-associated protein (MRP), possibly involved in virulence. These transcripts (including Sm78625_c4_g2_i1) annotated to MRP-like transporter 1 may be implicated in the transport of bilirubin and glutathione conjugates with an important role in yeasts' virulence [71; 72]. Further, the _S.m._ transcript (Sm72487_c0_g1_i2) annotated to the ABC multidrug transporter _atrC_ (pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter) was also abundant. Previously, _atrC_ was characterized as the ABC transporter-encoding gene from _A. nidulans_, known to be involved in the protection of the cells against a wide range of toxic compounds [73]. [PERSON] et al. (2000) demonstrated that the transcript levels of _atrC_ with _atrD_ were increased in fungal germlings under natural toxins and xenobiotics, where the expression of the _atrC_ was highly constitutive as compared with _atrD_ (_atrD_ may also be involved in the antibiotic production, e.g., penicillin); the constitutive level of _atrC_ expression implies its involvement in a metabolic stress controlling function. Eight different _S. mycoparsitica_ transcripts were annotated to the metal resistance protein YCF1 which is also known as the ABC-type glutathione-_S_-conjugate transporter subfamily. These transcripts of the ABC-C family [47] are expected to be involved in the ATP-dependent vacuolar transport of bilirubin and glutathione conjugates [48], contributing to cellular detoxification processes. The protein Ycf1p was originally characterized as a Cd\({}^{2+}\) transporter. Then later, its function was discovered to enhance the recruitment of the soluble SNARE (soluble _N_-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) Yam7p to vacuoles for efficient membrane fusion [74], resulting in cellular homeostasis. This unknown recruitment mechanism dependent on the ABC transporter Ycf1p may help to understand membrane trafficking and fusion [75]. More detailed information of different ABC-C transporters including Ycf1p for _S.