## 3 Results and Discussion
### Biological Potential of WOLE-S vs. Pure Oleuppein  
The investigation of the biological potential of WOLE-S vs. pure oleuppein focussed on the antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines: MD-MBA-231, T24, A1235, and A549 cells (Table 3a-d) and its anti-inflammatory activity by regulating the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory process (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) in A549 cells (Figure 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Inhibition of Cell Proliferation /\%**} \\ \hline
**Sample Concentration** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Incubation Period** \\ **4 h** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Incubation Period** \\ **24 h** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Incubation Period** \\ **48 h** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Incubation Period** \\ **72 h** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(a)**} \\ \hline
1.00 g/L & & & & \\ WOLE-S & 8.77 \(\pm\) 0.03 b D & 34.22 \(\pm\) 0.02 b B & 26.12 \(\pm\) 0.02 b C & 37.87 \(\pm\) 0.04 b A \\ oleuropein & 52.59 \(\pm\) 0.01 a D & 63.12 \(\pm\) 0.03 a C & 77.94 \(\pm\) 0.01 a B & 89.12 \(\pm\) 0.03 a A \\ \hline
0.50 g/L & & & & \\ WOLE-S & 2.70 \(\pm\) 0.02 b D & 18.14 \(\pm\) 0.03 b C & 25.55 \(\pm\) 0.01 b B & 31.12 \(\pm\) 0.04 b A \\ oleuropein & 23.60 \(\pm\) 0.02 a D & 44.12 \(\pm\) 0.03 a C & 60.14 \(\pm\) 0.01 a B & 77.52 \(\pm\) 0.03 a A \\ \hline Positive control (taxol 0.047 g/L) & 16.25 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 16.15 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 50.65 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 33.16\(\pm\) 0.02 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(b)**} \\ \hline
1.00 g/L & & & & \\ WOLE-S & 26.88 \(\pm\) 0.01 b D & 83.61 \(\pm\) 0.04 a C & 88.07 \(\pm\) 0.03 a A & 86.67 \(\pm\) 0.04 b B \\ \hline oleuropein & 56.25 \(\pm\) 0.03 a D & 81.12 \(\pm\) 0.02 b C & 87.61 \(\pm\) 0.02 b B & 89.12 \(\pm\) 0.01 a A \\ \hline
0.50 g/L & & & & \\ WOLE-S & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 b D & 28.83 \(\pm\) 0.04 b C & 45.16 \(\pm\) 0.03 b B & 50.12 \(\pm\) 0.02 b A \\ oleuropein & 2.10 \(\pm\) 0.03 a D & 79.51 \(\pm\) 0.01 a C & 89.67 \(\pm\) 0.02 a A & 88.24 \(\pm\) 0.04 a B \\ \hline Positive control (cisplatin 0.05 g/L) & 8.44 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 13.40 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 43.80 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 47.60 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(c)**} \\ \hline
1.00 g/L & & & & \\ WOLE-S & 16.91 \(\pm\) 0.03 a D & 19.20 \(\pm\) 0.02 b C & 32.45 \(\pm\) 0.02 b B & 36.14 \(\pm\) 0.04 b A \\ oleuropein & 15.12 \(\pm\) 0.01 b D & 74.74 \(\pm\) 0.03 a C & 83.77 \(\pm\) 0.01 a B & 87.66 \(\pm\) 0.03 a A \\ \hline
0.50 g/L & & & & \\ WOLE-S & 5.40 \(\pm\) 0.02 b D & 14.04 \(\pm\) 0.03 b C & 25.30 \(\pm\) 0.01 b B & 29.88 \(\pm\) 0.03 b A \\ oleuropein & 8.93 \(\pm\) 0.03 a D & 55.30 \(\pm\) 0.01 a C & 61.12 \(\pm\) 0.02 a B & 73.09 \(\pm\) 0.04 a A \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(d)**} \\ \hline
1.00 g/L & & & & \\ WOLE-S & 18.94 \(\pm\) 0.01 a D & 19.20 \(\pm\) 0.01 b C & 29.14 \(\pm\) 0.07 b B & 32.44 \(\pm\) 0.04 b A \\ oleuropein & 15.59 \(\pm\) 0.04 b D & 74.74 \(\pm\) 0.02 a B & 79.73 \(\pm\) 0.02 a A & 61.95 \(\pm\) 0.03 a C \\ \hline
0.50 g/L & & & & \\ WOLE-S & 10.25 \(\pm\) 0.02 a D & 14.04 \(\pm\) 0.02 b C & 17.10 \(\pm\) 0.05 b B & 28.05 \(\pm\) 0.02 b A \\ oleuropein & 10.07 \(\pm\) 0.02 b D & 55.30 \(\pm\) 0.01 a C & 60.14 \(\pm\) 0.01 a B & 65.29 \(\pm\) 0.01 a A \\ \hline Positive control (cisplatin 0.050 g/L) & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 7.55 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 18.43 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 16.00 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values represent the mean \(\pm\) standard deviation of tree replicates.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: In vitro antiproliferative activity (inhibition of cell proliferation (%)) of WOLE-S and pure oleuropein against (**a**) MD-MBA-231, (**b**) T24, (**c**) A1235, (**d**) A549 cancer cells. Different small letters in a row, for each concentration separately, indicate significant differences between the WOLE-S and oleuropein (Student’s \(t\)-test, \(p\leq\) 0.05).