## 2 Results
### Effects of Different Calcium Preparation Treatments on Browning of Fresh-Cut Apples
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Color Hues**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Days After Fresh-Cutting (d)**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **0 d** & **3 d** & **6 d** & **9 d** & **12 d** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**a* value**} & CK & \(-\)5.59 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-\)4.91 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & \(-\)4.62 \(\pm\) 0.34 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & \(-\)4.47 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & \(-\)4.29 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\  & T1 & \(-\)5.41 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-\)4.57 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(-\)4.33 \(\pm\) 0.35 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(-\)4.2 \(\pm\) 0.25 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(-\)3.42 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\  & T2 & \(-\)5.37 \(\pm\) 0.38 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-\)4.23 \(\pm\) 0.26 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-\)3.37 \(\pm\) 0.42 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-\)2.96 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-\)2.90 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\  & T3 & \(-\)5.43 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-\)4.54 \(\pm\) 0.25 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(-\)4.35 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(-\)4.25 \(\pm\) 0.39 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(-\)3.45 \(\pm\) 0.17 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**b* value**} & CK & 26.91 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 25.67 \(\pm\) 0.52 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 25.34 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 24.76 \(\pm\) 0.62 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 23.87 \(\pm\) 0.62 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\  & T1 & 27.01 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 26.29 \(\pm\) 0.43 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 25.34 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 24.86 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 24.25 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\  & T2 & 27.21 \(\pm\) 0.85 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 26.44 \(\pm\) 0.22 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 26.17 \(\pm\) 0.22 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 25.59 \(\pm\) 0.13 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 25.34 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\  & T3 & 26.91 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 25.34 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 24.49 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 24.69 \(\pm\) 0.81 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 23.86 \(\pm\) 0.14 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**L\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) value**} & CK & 79.01 \(\pm\) 1.08 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 73.54 \(\pm\) 0.75 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 69.7 \(\pm\) 0.66 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 68.28 \(\pm\) 0.51 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 65.05 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\  & T1 & 79.37 \(\pm\) 0.66 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 74.03 \(\pm\) 0.66 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 71.85 \(\pm\) 0.42 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 70.47 \(\pm\) 0.84 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 66.81 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & T2 & 79.78 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 79.18 \(\pm\) 0.83 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 78.40 \(\pm\) 0.93 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 77.48 \(\pm\) 0.82 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 72.03 \(\pm\) 0.98 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & T3 & 78.58 \(\pm\) 0.67 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 75.17 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 73.71 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 71.03 \(\pm\) 0.64 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 68.12 \(\pm\) 0.65 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: Different letters indicate a significant difference between treatments at each time point (\(p<0.05\)) by [PERSON]’s multiple range (DMR) test.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Effect of different calcium preparation groups on the change in color value of fresh-cut apple (a\({}^{*}\) (red/green), b\({}^{*}\) (blue/yellow), L\({}^{*}\) (lightness)) during storage. Effects of Different Calcium Preparation Treatments on the Ultrastructure of Fresh-Cut Apple Cell Wall  
As observed in Figure 3, the cell wall of the apple pulp has only a primary wall and no secondary wall. The ultrastructural changes of the apple pulp cell wall were significantly different 12 days after fresh-cutting. The cell wall in the T2 treatment was neat, consistently thick, and intact, forming a distinct bright-dark-bright partition structure with a thin intercellular layer. The dark electron-dense layer was uniform and continuous, the content was rich, the membrane structure was intact, and there was no plasmolysis (T2a).