## 3 Results
The groups are defined as follows: C: control group, MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training group, HICT: high-intensity continuous training group, Q\({}_{10}\): coenzyme Q\({}_{10}\) group, MICTQ\({}_{10}\): moderate-intensity continuous training combined with Q\({}_{10}\), and HICTQ\({}_{10}\): high-intensity continuous training combined with Q\({}_{10}\). Intergroup differences in tumstatin levels were analyzed using the Kruscal-Wallis test, followed by [PERSON]’s multiple comparison test. Statistical significance is denoted by *, with distinct letters (a, b, c) indicating significant differences between groups. Additional markers represent levels of significance: ** for \(p\) < 0.01, *** for \(p\) < 0.001. Figure 4: Plasma level of tumstatin (**A**) as well as its concentrations in homogenized skeletal muscle (**B**) and cardiac muscle (**C**) samples are illustrated. The groups are defined as follows: C: control group, MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training group, HICT: high-intensity continuous training group, Q\({}_{10}\): coenzyme Q\({}_{10}\) group, MICTQ\({}_{10}\): moderate-intensity continuous training combined with Q\({}_{10}\), and HICTQ\({}_{10}\): high-intensity continuous training combined with Q\({}_{10}\). Intergroup differences in tumstatin levels were analyzed using the Kruscal–Wallis test, followed by [PERSON]’s multiple comparison test. Statistical significance is denoted by *, with distinct letters (a, b, c) indicating significant differences between groups. Additional markers represent levels of significance: ** for \(p\) < 0.01, *** for \(p\) < 0.001, and ns for non-significant differences. Figure 5: Immunoreactivity of tumstatin (gold arrow) is illustrated in skeletal muscle cells and bands (A Band and I Band). The size of the images was 20 \(\upmu\)m. The groups are defined as follows: NSSC:  
negative control cross-section, C: control group, MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training group, HICT: high-intensity continuous training group, Q10: coenzyme Q10: coenzyme Q10: moderate-intensity continuous training combined with Q10, and HICTQ10: high-intensity continuous training combined with Q10. According to the H-score, the difference between the groups is indicated by *, and the different letters (a, b, c) indicate a significant difference between the groups. According to Figure 4C, the homogenized cardiac muscle samples exhibited significant differences among the groups (\(\chi^{2}\) = 16.54, \(p\) < 0.001, \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.66). Based on this finding, the cardiac muscle tumatatin levels in the C group, HICT group, and Q10 group were observed to belong to the same statistical group, with similarly high levels. However, compared to in the C group, the cardiac muscle tumatatin levels in the MICT group (\(p\) = 0.006, d = 1.31), MICTQ10 group (\(p\) = 0.004, d = 1.01), and HICTQ10 group (\(p\) = 0.004, d = 0.91) illustrated a statistically decrease. These findings were also observed in the immunohistochemical results for tumatatin positivity in cardiac muscle cells, as presented in Figure 6.  
Figure 6: Immunoreactivity of tumatatin (gold arrow) is illustrated in cardiac muscle cells. The size of the images was 20 μm. The groups are defined as follows: NC: negative control, C: control group, MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training group, HICT: high-intensity continuous training group, Q10: coenzyme Q10 group, MICTQ10: moderate-intensity continuous training combined with Q10, and HICTQ10: high-intensity continuous training combined with Q10. According to the H-score, the difference between the groups is indicated by * and the different letters (a, b) indicate a significant difference between the groups.