## 6 Practical Applications  
The present study confirmed that the team handball GBPT is a valid and reliable test to analyse team handball physical performance under conditions similar to competition match-play, also for female adult top-elite field team handball players. However, to conduct a team handball GBPT requires many resources, intense planning, high advanced equipment, a lot of space, high knowledge and experience about physiology and testing, including blood sampling and portable respiratory gas exchange measurement of VO2. In addition, the test is very time consuming, since only one player can be tested at a time. Furthermore, several people to help during the test is also needed, for example to pass the ball during the offensive actions. As a consequence, this is not a test which is suitable for regular testing of players in small clubs or at a lower performance level. Maybe only in elite clubs or National Teams with many resources, where collaboration with federations/elite organisations and universities sometimes takes place, is it realistic to perform the GBPT in an appropriate manner and with a suitable frequency. Nevertheless, the results from the team handball GBPT may emphasize the importance of team handball specific physical performance.  
Instead, general physical tests such as the Yo-Yo IR1 test and the 30-m SSPT may be used. Both tests can test a whole team squad within an hour. Additionally, the Yo-Yo IR1 test, in particular, does not require a lot of equipment or human resources. It can easily be performed, also in clubs at a lower level. The Yo-Yo IR1 test examines the intermittent endurance running capacity and is relevant due to its team sport-specific character. In addition, as shown in the present study, it is correlated to the locomotive categories in the GBPT. However, it must be emphasized that these tests have to be supplemented with other general tests, for example different strength and jumping tests, to give an overall picture of the physical capacity of team handball players. The 30-m sprint test can advantageously be reduced to a 20-m sprint test and performed while measuring different split times, e.g., at 5 m, 10 m and 15 m. It may also be performed several times with short breaks in between as a repeated sprint test in order to measure the repeatedly sprint ability of the players [8; 57], which is an activity the players often perform during a match. Furthermore, it can be conducted with changes of directions or with offence and defence movements as a specific test for agility in team handball.  
Conceptualization, L.B.M. and H.W.; methodology, L.B.M. and H.W.; validation, L.B.M. and H.W.; formal analysis, L.B.M., P.F. and H.W.; investigation, L.B.M., P.F. and H.W.; resources, L.B.M., P.F. and H.W.; writing-original draft preparation, L.B.M.; writing-review and editing, L.B.M. and H.W.; visualization, L.B.M. and H.W.; supervision, L.B.M. and H.W.; project administration, L.B.M. and H.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Salzburg (GZ: 44-2015).  
Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the authors. The data are not publicly available due to data protection rules of the University of Southern Denmark and the University of Salzburg.  
We thank all the players involved in the study and their clubs for their participation and effort. The technical assistance and the skillful involvement of [PERSON], University of Copenhagen, is greatly appreciated. Furthermore, we also acknowledge [PERSON] for assistance with the language.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.