## 4 Comparison of Attractiveness of the Biofuel and Electric Car Markets  
A score-based assessment of sector values was used to compare the attractiveness of the selected sectors. The scope of analysis included methyl esters of rapeseed oil, conventional and lignocellulosic bioethanol, as well as electric cars, which were analysed from the perspective of the year 2018. The method used is based on the assessment of intensity of factors that differentiate individual sectors, as well as their attractiveness. The assessment was performed by persons having extensive knowledge on the sectors being analysed (experts) using the same evaluation grid containing the selected criteria. The test was performed using 15 factors, assessed on a scale of 0 to 3 according to the plan illustrated in Table 1. On the basis of the obtained scores, the average attractiveness values were assigned to individual sectors, expressed in percentage values, assuming that 0% is equivalent to an unattractive sector and 100%--to a very attractive sector [59; 60; 61; 62]. The attractiveness of the sector of conventional biofuels, that is, methyl esters and bioethanol, has been analysed by many authors starting from 2007, and the results have been published in many articles [63; 64; 65; 66]. Since 2013, the sector of lignocellulosic bioethanol was also assessed. In 2018, the scope of research was extended to include the sector of electric cars, and the results obtained were compared to those for the previous years in Figure 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Criterion** & **0** & **0.5** & **1** & **1.5** & **2** & **2.5** & **3** \\ \hline
**Sector Size** & **Small** & **Medium** & **Large** & \\ \hline The expected growth rate for the sector & \textless{}2\% & 2–8\% & \textless{}8\% & \\ Intensity of competition & High & Average & Low & \\ Sector concentration level & Monopoly & Oligopoly & Dispersed \\ Entrance barriers & Weak & Medium & Strong \\ Substitution risk & High & Medium & Low \\ Availability of resources & Low & Average & High \\ Price level & Price war & High flexibility & High margin of freedom \\ Profit margin & Low & Average & High \\ Seasonality of sales & High & Average & Low \\ Source of added value & Typical & Know-how & Exceptional advantages \\ Innovation potential & Low & Medium & High \\ Activity diversification capacity & Low & Average & High \\ Favoured by UE policy & Low & Average & High \\ Social perception of the sector & Unfavourable & Medium & Favourable \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(\;\)  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Sector attractiveness evaluation grid used in the research. At the beginning of the analysed period (2007), the results obtained for biofuels made of raw food materials were very promising. At the time, the sectors of methyl esters and conventional bioethanol were assessed as relatively attractive components of the economy (67.9% and 61.9% respectively). In the subsequent years, the level of attractiveness of these sectors kept decreasing. In the research conducted in the year 2018, 31.56% was obtained for rapeseed oil methyl esters (standard deviation: 3.82), 22.33% for conventional bioethanol (standard deviation: 4.51), 71.11% for lignocellulosic bioethanol (standard deviation: 3.51) and 70.56% for electric cars (standard deviation: 8.65). The current results of the value assessment of sectors of biofuels do not encourage investing in the production of methyl esters and conventional bioethanol. On the other hand, they indicate that from the perspective of research project participants, advanced bioethanol is the most attractive product. However, the production of biofuel from lignocellulosic biomass, due to high resistance to biochemical digestion of the raw materials used, remains an expensive way of obtaining bioenergy. At present, there are no facilities in Poland that could produce this biofuel at an industrial scale.