## 3 Results and Discussion
### Characterization of the BSE:\(\beta\)-CD Inclusion Complexes
Possessing a better complexation ratio, the BSHE:\(\beta\)-CD 3:7 formulation was chosen in the gastroprotection protocols for its higher content of the marker garcinielliptone and better antioxidant activity [67]. This could be related to the fact that during the complexation process, not all molecules are able to penetrate the cyclodextrin cavity, either due to their size, their weak affinity, or even the excessive amount of drug compared to the amount of cyclodext for complexation [62; 63; 65; 66]. Therefore, in a complexation process, there will be free drug, complex drug, and free cyclodextrin, in balance [58; 59; 62; 63]. The challenges for complexation processes include nonpolar molecules (or functional groups of molecules) whose dimensions are smaller than those of the cyclodextrin cavity that can be included in that cavity [68; 69]. The dynamic balance between free drug molecules and complexed drug molecules is quantitatively described by the stability or association constant, where there is the existence of complex drug, free drug, and free CD [70; 71; 72]. Figure 4 shows the FT-IR spectra of the BSHE:\(\beta\)-CD inclusion complexes. By comparing the infrared spectra of the pure drug, cyclodextrin, and the solid complexes obtained by various production methods [59; 69; 73; 74;  
Figure 4: Infrared spectrum of samples containing BSHE and \(\beta\)-CD. (**A**) \(\beta\)-cyclodextrintrim molecule, (**B**) bacuri seed hexane extract (BSHE), (**C**) physical mixture between BSHE:\(\beta\)-CD, and (**D**) BSHE:\(\beta\)-CD inclusion complexes. The formation of the inclusion complex was also verified by the P-XRD spectrum [83; 84]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is one of the best techniques for the characterization of inclusion complexes due to its simplicity and speed because it allows a morphological study of the substances and their structures and/or crystalline fractions [85; 86; 87; 88; 89]. The guest molecules replace the enthalpy-rich water molecules from the inner cavity during the development of an inclusion complex. This results in modifications to the crystal lattice, which alter the inclusion complex's XRD pattern [90]. When compared to the pattern of the complexes, they exhibit stronger crystallinity. The diffraction pattern of a physical mixture often involves the overlapping of the patterns of the guest molecule and the \(\beta\)-CD with peaks of smaller intensity [91]. When the formation of inclusion complexes occurs, changes in the characteristic peaks of the host molecule can form new peaks, which indicate a new solid phase, which corresponds to the drug-\(\beta\)-CD complex [92]. The analysis of the \(\beta\)-CD molecule by XRD (Figure 5) shows that there is the formation of several diffraction peaks, presenting itself as a high crystalline compound. The \(\beta\)-CD diffractogram showed characteristic peaks at 20 = 9.30\({}^{\circ}\), 10.72\({}^{\circ}\), 12.88\({}^{\circ}\), 15.50\({}^{\circ}\), 17.20\({}^{\circ}\), 22.81\({}^{\circ}\), 27.23\({}^{\circ}\), and 32.01\({}^{\circ}\). The BSBHE has an amorphous characteristic, with some characteristic peaks at 20 = 19.24\({}^{\circ}\), 22.70\({}^{\circ}\), and 23.22\({}^{\circ}\). The physical mixture BSBHE:\(\beta\)-CD shows a diffraction pattern similar to that of \(\beta\)-CD, but with some changes in the baseline, either due to the decrease and/or displacement of peaks very characteristic of \(\beta\)-CD at 20 = 9.19\({}^{\circ}\), 10.71\({}^{\circ}\), 12.70\({}^{\circ}\), 15.50\({}^{\circ}\), and 17.21\({}^{\circ}\). This indicates the presence of BSBHE (by decreasing the peaks) and a small interaction between BSBHE and \(\beta\)-CD. In the inclusion complex BSBHE:\(\beta\)-CD, alterations in the diffraction patterns referring to \(\beta\)-CD and BSBHE alone were observed. The number and intensity of the signals were reduced, characterizing loss of crystallinity and presenting intense amorphization with the observation of only two broad bands of low intensity, at 20 = 12.84\({}^{\circ}\) and 18.49\({}^{\circ}\).