## 6 Conclusions and Applications  
### Definition of the Standard Gait Model for the Elderly in South Korea  
The standard gait model for the elderly defined in this study for the application of the pedestrian facilities design to prepare for super-aged society conditions is as follows.  
The average height and weight of elderly South Korean males are 164.2 cm and 63.9 kg, respectively, and those of elderly South Korean females are 150.2 cm and 55.4 kg, respectively. The gait characteristics of the elderly in South Korea with the average weight and height who could walk independently without a walk-assisting equipment are as following Table 9:  
In summary, the elderly were shown to have a lower gait capacity than young adults, as is commonly understood. Considering this relative gait capacity, the standards were either merely moderated to some degree or were assumed to be the same as those for young adults in the design of pedestrian facilities, resulting in continuous discomfort for the elderly. There has been a consensus on the need for legal and systemic infrastructure to prepare for the aged and super-aged society, and the improvement in social infrastructure toward the support of the elderly's social and economic activities; thus, relevant standards for the design of pedestrian facilities for the elderly are essential. If there are no standard values that could be implemented in adjusting the facility limits for the elderly, more practical and applicable legal and systemic standards can be prepared if precise and objective bases of the type presented in this study are established.  
However, it is recommended that a greater number of flexible design standards than those strictly based on the results shown in this study be prepared by establishing buffers based on concepts such as safety rate. For example, as shown in the terminology, gait speed is a scalar value. Thus, if it is applied as it is currently understood, it can satisfy the speed requirements only under the assumption that the person moves in a straight line. However, as shown in the values of step width, the elderly often walk with a toe-out gait or cannot maintain good balance, making straight walking more difficult than it is for young adults. Therefore, if the velocity, a vector concept, is measured, a lower value may be obtained.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Gender** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Gait Characteristic** \\ **Value** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Percentage of Walking** \\ **Ability Compared to Adults** \\ **in Their 20s [20]** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Gait speed & male & 100.29 & 73\% \\ (cm/s) & female & 92.08 & 67\% \\  & total & 93.82 & 68\% \\ \hline Step length & male & 52.54 & 92\% \\ (cm) & female & 46.56 & 82\% \\  & total & 49.89 & 87\% \\ \hline Stride length & male & 106.73 & 82\% \\ (cm) & female & 97.63 & 75\% \\  & total & 101.35 & 78\% \\ \hline Step width & male & 13.14 & 110\% \\ (cm) & female & 10.51 & 88\% \\  & total & 10.91 & 91\% \\ \hline Cadence & male & 112.87 & 103\% \\ (step/min) & female & 114.95 & 105\% \\  & total & 114.32 & 104\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The gait speed is 68%, step length is 87%, stride length is 78%, and step width is 91% compared to young adults. Cadence is approximately 104%, walking in small steps.  
\end{table}
Table 9: Standard gait model.