## 4 Conclusions  
In the current study, we have focused on the radiation shielding characteristics of doped oxide glasses Sm\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) containing a heavy metal oxide. It can be concluded that the inclusion of Sm\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) in heavy metal oxide glasses can be a useful option for improving the capabilities of radiation shielding and other properties of materials, such as optical, luminescence, structural, and thermal. In terms of luminescence characteristics, Sm\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), which has occupied a niche in photonics, may be a favorable compound due to its large size and high density. In fact, the doping of Sm\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) significantly increased the density of the synthesized sample. The results indicated that the SM1.5 sample with the highest Sm\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) additive has the highest density and lowest T\({}_{1/2}\) values at all energy levels. For example, T\({}_{1/2}\) values were reported as 2.00553 cm, 2.00262 cm, 1.99835 cm, 1.99359 cm, and 1.98160 cm for SM0.2, SM0.5, SM0.8, SM1.0, and SM1.5 samples at 1 MeV, respectively. At this moment, it can be noted that 1.3% mol Sm\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (i.e., from 0.2% to 1.5%) decreased the T\({}_{1/2}\) value from 2.00553 cm to 1.98160 cm. Thus, the SM1.5 glass presents as the best sample for blocking gamma radiation in the current investigation.  
The following are available online at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app112110168/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app112110168/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app112110168/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app112110168/s1)), Table S1: (EBF and EABF) G-P fitting coefficients (b, c, a, Xk and d) of SM0.2 glass sample, Table S2: (EBF and EABF) G-P fitting coefficients (b, c, a, Xk and d) of SM0.5 glass sample, Table S3: (EBF and EABF) G-P fitting coefficients (b, c, a, Xk and d) of SM0.8 glass sample, Table S4: (EBF and EABF) G-P fitting coefficients (b, c, a, Xk and d) of SM1.0 glass sample, Table S5: (EBF and EABF) G-P fitting coefficients (b, c, a, Xk and d) of SM1.5 glass sample.  
Conceptualization, G.A., H.O.T., H.M.H.Z. and S.A.M.I.; methodology, H.O.T.; software, H.O.T., H.M.H.Z. and A.E.; validation, S.A.M.I., G.K. and A.E.; formal analysis, H.M.H.Z., S.A.M.I. and A.E.; investigation, M.A., G.A. and H.O.T.; resources, H.O.T. and G.K.; data curation, G.A., S.A.M.I. and A.E.; writing--original draft preparation, H.O.T. and G.K.; writing--review and editing, H.M.H.Z., H.A.S., S.A.M.I., M.A. and A.E.; visualization, G.A., G.K. and M.A.; supervision, H.M.H.Z., H.A.S. and G.K.; project administration, H.A.S., H.O.T. and S.A.M.I.; funding acquisition, A.E. Researcher [PERSON] funded by a scholarship under the Joint (Executive Program between Egypt and Russia). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Figure 11: Effective removal cross-sections for fast neutrons (\(\Sigma_{\mathrm{R}}\)) for all glasses.  
**Funding:** This research was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah hint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Data is contained within the article.  
**Acknowledgments:** This research was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah hint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program. The authors express their thanks to \"Dunarea de Jos\" University of Galati, Romania, for APC support.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.