## 4 Experimental Verification Results  
The variation curves of voltage and current with discharge time for the C0 group, shown in Figure 8, illustrate the dynamic characteristics of the battery at different stages. In the initial stage (before \(t_{1}\)), the battery voltage remains stable at 10 V, while the current is zero, an open-circuit state where the battery is unaffected by external loads and remains in electrochemical equilibrium with no chemical energy release. At \(t_{1}\), the battery voltage sharply drops from 10 V to 2 V, and the current rapidly increases from 0 A to 10 kA, marking the beginning of the discharge process. This abrupt change suggests a sudden shift in the battery's internal impedance, leading to a drastic voltage drop and a rapid current  
Figure 7: Results of thermal field simulation for T2 group: (**a**) variation curve of temperature in different structure parts with discharging time; (**b**) temperature field of conductor structures. surge. The sudden change in voltage and current reflects the battery's fast response under high-amperage discharge conditions and highlights its dynamic behavior. The internal impedance shift at \(t_{1}\) may result from a sudden decrease in circuit contact resistance or rapid activation of electrochemical reactions inside the battery [45]. Between \(t_{1}\) and \(t_{2}\) (a duration of 0.75 s), the battery voltage continues to decline while the current gradually decreases from 10 kA to 6 kA, indicating a sustained current-carrying state. This sustained current flow leads to significant heating within the conductive structures [46; 47; 48; 49], causing a sharp temperature rise. Eventually, at \(t_{2}\), the temperature reaches the melting point, leading to the fusion of the conductive structure and a complete current drop to 0 A. As shown in Figure 9, displaying the voltage-current-time curve of the discharge test of the battery T1 group, the battery is in an open-circuit state in the initial stage (before \(t_{1}\)); the battery voltage is stable at 10 V and the current is 0 A. At \(t_{1}\), the battery voltage drops from 10 V to 2 V, and the current rises sharply from 0 A to 10 kA, and during the continuous discharge phase from \(t_{1}\) to \(t_{2}\) (\(t_{2}\) - \(t_{1}\) = 0.8 s), the battery voltage drops continuously and the current drops from 10 kA to 6 kA. At \(t_{2}\), the voltage is 0 V and the current is 0 A. As shown in Figure 9, the variation curves of voltage and current with discharge time for T1 group reveals its electrical response under high-amperage discharge. In the initial  
Figure 8: Variation curves of voltage and current with discharge time for C0 group. Figure 9: Variation curves of voltage and current with discharge time for T1 group. stage (before \(t_{1}\)), the battery remains in an open-circuit state, with a stable voltage of 10 V and zero current. At \(t_{1}\), a sharp voltage drop from 10 V to 2 V is observed, accompanied by a rapid current surge from 0 A to 10 kA, marking the onset of the discharge process. During the continuous discharge stage from \(t_{1}\) to \(t_{2}\) (lasting 0.8 s), the battery voltage continues to decline, while the current gradually decreases from 10 kA to 6 kA. At \(t_{2}\), the voltage drops to 0 V and the current also falls to 0 A, indicating the end of the discharge cycle. As shown in Figure 10, the variation curves of voltage and current with discharge time for T2 group illustrate the battery's response under high-amperage discharge. In the initial stage (before \(t_{1}\)), the battery remains in an open-circuit state, with a stable voltage of 10 V and zero current. At \(t_{1}\), the battery voltage drops sharply from 10 V to 2 V, while the current surges from 0 A to 10 kA, marking the start of the discharge process. During the continuous discharge phase from \(t_{1}\) to \(t_{2}\) (lasting 1.73 s), the battery voltage steadily declines, and the current gradually decreases from 10 kA to 6 kA.