## 2 Materials and Methods  
In the first phase of this study, the aim was to investigate in detail the ionizing radiation dose responses, linear dose-response range, and glow curve characteristics (TL kinetic parameters) of the plagioclase mineral using the TL method. In the second phase, the goal was to train the dose-response curves of the plagioclase mineral using an ANN model and to predict the TL glow curves of the mineral for different radiation doses. The materials used in the study and the methodology followed are presented below in accordance with these objectives. The white-colored plagioclase mineral, which is the subject of this study, is a feldspar group mineral and was collected from the igneous formations of the Akcatas Granite, which is located in the Central Anatolian Massif of Turkey, in the vicinity of Akcatas village, south of Ayhan Village and Ozkonak Town and its vicinity in Neveshir Province [18]. The coordinates of the sampling location where the plagioclase samples were taken are 38\({}^{\circ}\)48\({}^{\prime}\)13.3\({}^{\prime\prime}\) N 34\({}^{\circ}\)48\({}^{\prime}\)34.7\({}^{\prime\prime}\) E. Before starting the experimental studies, the mineral in rock form was crushed using a vice and hammer. The resulting plagioclase fragments were ground into powder using an agate mortar. This powdered sample was sieved through 90-140 \(\upmu\)m mesh sizes, and the obtained powder samples were annealed in a high-temperature furnace at 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 1 h. This annealing process removed any stored TL signals from previous irradiations, environmental exposures, and previous readout cycles, thereby removing all unstable shallow and intermediate traps. This effectively reset the samples to their ground state before new irradiations, ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of the TL measurements. Powder samples, each with an approximate mass of 5 \(\pm\) 0.1 mg, were weighed using a precision balance and glued with silicone oil onto stainless steel (VA 1.4301) rimmed discs measuring 10 \(\pm\) 0.2 mm in diameter, 0.5 mm in thickness, and 2.5 mm in height. To minimize measurement errors in the data obtained from these measurement discs, which were used for thermoluminescence (TL) measurements, five different measurement discs were prepared. Thermoluminescence (TL) measurements of the plagioclase mineral were conducted at room temperature using the lexsyg smart TL/OSL measurement device. TL measurement data were obtained by heating the samples from room temperature to 450 \({}^{\circ}\)C at a linear heating rate of 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C/s in a N\({}_{2}\) atmosphere. During the TL measurements of the plagioclase samples, which belong to the feldspar mineral group, the IRSL, TL-565 nm detection window was used together with the Schott-BG 39-Glass-3 mm and AHF-BrightLine HC 575/25-Interference-5 mm (Freiberg Instruments, Freiberg, Germany) filter options. The TL glow curves of the plagioclase mineral were obtained from TL measurements of samples irradiated with 39 different doses of ionizing beta radiation ranging from 0.1 Gy to 550 Gy. The irradiation process was performed using the internal \({}^{90}\)Sr-\({}^{90}\)Y beta source (dose rate 0.1 Gy/s, activity < 3 GBq, maximum energy 2.2 MeV) integrated into the lexsyg smart TL/OSL device. The sequence used for the TL measurements and dose-response experiments for the plagioclase mineral is shown in Table 1.  
The determination of TL kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), the frequency factor (s), and kinetic order (b) is highly important for any luminescent material and is frequently studied in the literature. For instance, CGCD has been extensively applied to study the behavior of minerals like plagioclase and feldspars, demonstrating its effectiveness in differentiating overlapping glow peaks and estimating precise kinetic values [1,2]. Moreover, the CGCD method enables the modelling of complex glow curves by fitting experimental data to theoretical expressions, such as general-order or localized transition models.