## 1 Introduction  
Intermodal transport, assuming the transporting freight units use at least two transport modes, is considered one of the most demanding logistics processes and the most important transport means of the future. Simultaneously coordinating the activities of numerous transport process participants may be a challenge. When time is significant in process implementation, punctuality takes a particular place. Researchers assessing the functionality of intermodal transport systems usually focus on transport over longer distances; hence, sea freight draws a lot of attention. Intermodal transport systems have gained popularity in recent years due to their ability to provide efficient, safe, and cost-effective transportation of goods. When assessing the functionality of intermodal transport systems, researchers typically focus on longer distances because this is where the benefits of intermodal transportation are most significant. For example, when goods are transported over long distances, using multiple modes of transportation can help to reduce the overall transportation time and cost, as well as increase reliability and flexibility [1; 2; 3]. Sea freight is one of the most important modes of transportation for intermodal transport systems, especially for longer distances. This is because sea freight offers a cost-effective and efficient way to transport large quantities of goods over long distances. Additionally, it is a relatively safe mode of transportation with a low risk of accidents compared to other modes such as road transportation [4; 5]. Inland internodal terminals, which handle two transport modes, are slightly less addressed in the scientific literature. Meanwhile, even these smallest transshipment points constitute an inherent link connecting different modes of transport. They are required to operate effectively and follow a schedule. Increasing the efficiency or effectiveness of intermodal terminals is an issue that is developed mainly through solutions offered in operational studies. In most cases, issues related to container yard management come down to NP-hard problems, hence so many studies present different types of heuristics aimed at improving operation results [3; 6]. The issue of the intermodal terminals' effectiveness modeling is based, among others, on the allocation problem or assigning tasks to terminal equipment. When looking more thoroughly into this field, papers have been associated with work organization to minimize energy consumption (searching for the shortest travel route), work organization towards reducing operation time, balancing the number of tasks related to the equipment, etc. Port operations are the most common subject of analysis; however, the available literature also focuses on publications on rail and road terminals. From a practical standpoint, solutions developed for ports should also work with inland terminals, provided they are organized in a similar manner. The approach that prevails in the available literature takes into account a specific single operation, e.g., unloading containers from a carriage or only the loading of containers onto a carriage. Such studies do not research land unit flow as a logistics flow with its consequences. The fact of an issue being solved in one place by applying a specific operation strategy will not be an obstacle in the subsequent terminal. While this does not matter in the case of storage yards with minor potential utilization, it should be stressed that the level of storage spot utilization can dynamically vary in the context of much smaller inland terminals. For example, a terminal with a storage capacity of 1500 containers which handles two container trains per day means accepting approximately 60-80 containers by rail transport, their release by road transport, their re-acceptance, and probable dispatch of approximately 60-80 containers. The cargo also needs to be prepared for release, whether by rail or road transport, and unproductive manipulations (operations) of containers at the storage yard are conducted.