# The Internet of Drones: Requirements, Taxonomy, Recent Advances, and Challenges of Research Trends
## 4 Taxonomy of IoD
### Applications
#### 4.5.4 Emergency and Delivery Services  
IoD plays a significant role in forest search and emergency medicine delivery to remote areas. Furthermore, it is used for transporting blood, for disaster relief, missing individuals finding lost hiker in the hill station, and many more areas of emergency services. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Applications** & **Modern Usage Areas** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Smart Agriculture} & Soil and Field Analysis & \\  & Crop Monitoring & \\  & Irrigation & [[https://www.microdrones.com/en/content/drones-and-](https://www.microdrones.com/en/content/drones-and-)]([https://www.microdrones.com/en/content/drones-and-](https://www.microdrones.com/en/content/drones-and-)) \\  & Pathogen detection & precision-agriculture-the-future-of-farming/ (accessed on \\  & Drought stress & 10 December 2020). \\  & Weed detection & [47,49] \\  & Nutrient status & \\  & Yield prediction & \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Mining} & Field measurements & \\  & Water sampling & \\  & Stockpile management & [[https://wingtra.com/drone-mapping-applications/](https://wingtra.com/drone-mapping-applications/)]([https://wingtra.com/drone-mapping-applications/](https://wingtra.com/drone-mapping-applications/)) \\  & Site description & mining-and-aggregates/ (accessed on 10 December 2020). \\  & Mine or quarry monitoring & [51,53] \\  & Sediment flow & \\  & Hazard identification & \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Construction} & Construction Safety & \\  & Autonomous operation & [52] \\  & Planning and analysis process & \\  & Site Inspections & \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Emergency and Delivery Services} & Rescue Operations & \\  & Blood and medicine Transportation & \\  & Patient Monitoring & \\  & Disaster relief and Management & \\  & Find Missing Persons & \\  & Public safety & \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Film and TV} & Scouting and planning & \\  & Location managers & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Logistics and safety & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Multiple sensors shooting & [32,56] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of drone applications and their modern usage areas. Tech giants, such as Google and Amazon use the sky to provide medical care and food delivery. IoD is equipped with a unique signature to track individual missions to verify the place to which they traveled for disaster assistance. This helps coordinate the search and rescue more efficiently. IoD is even used in the assistance of underwater search and rescue operations. However, the greatest challenge relates to the bandwidth of IoD devices that need to assist with intelligent algorithms [53]. The use of drones for emergency response services, especially in medical situations, opens up new possibilities for life-saving measures. Using drones to provide \"eyes\" on a dangerous situation or to deliver medical supplies to stranded patients may improve emergency response physicians' ability to provide treatment in dangerous situations. IoD offers many emergency response services that impact daily life, discussed as follows. Disaster management: Sensor data are a major problem in a broad geographical area. In the case of satellite remote sensing, the identification of different parameters such as forest vegetation, the tracking of the bottom of rivers, and the desert is very difficult. For these situations, most devices are specifically designed and have very low time sensitivity. In addition, environmental instability such as large clouds, cyclones, and volcanic ash can cause disturbances. A certain situation can occur when acquiring large-scale sensor data. As is the case in most situations, the sensors are located in fixed positions and the network architecture is not suitable for rapid monitoring and management. In addition, the sensor nodes themselves are susceptible to failure and low transmission capacity. Thus, a dynamic node collection is highly important, which links the ground station and data processing sites by utilizing the utility of the drone ecosystem Internet.