## 1 Introduction  
Our bodies are composed of 60-70% water, 40% of which is contained within cells, and is an essential factor in sustaining life. Water acts as a solubilizer of minerals, amino acids, vitamins, glucose [1], and electrolytes, which are pivotal to the control of body homeostasis. However, the importance of research on proper water intake is emphasized because the intake of adequate water to maintain water homeostasis is greatly influenced by sex, response according to the external temperature, calorie consumption, concentrating-diluting capacities of the kidneys, and water loss via exceptions and secretions [2]. Physical activities, such as exercise, change the electrolyte levels and water homeostasis [3], and the lack of water and electrolytes results in dehydration, increased blood viscosity, and impaired oxygen tissue delivery [4]. In a study by [PERSON] [5], excessive water deprivation and severe dehydration during American football training may possibly lead to death. Thus, dehydration reduces exercise performance because of reduced blood flow to the muscles or skin during exercise and accelerates hyperthermia because of prolonged exercise. Associated physiologic changes include decreased plasma volume, blood pressure, and cardiac output; decreased blood flow to the kidneys; and impaired regulation of body temperature [6, 7]. During exercise, electrolyte and water homeostasis are maintained by the water-regulating hormone known as the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) along with the renin-angiotensin-al aldosteronerone system [7]. ADH is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland to suppress water loss because of sweating as a result of exposure to high temperature or exercise, whereas aldosteroneence, secreted from the adrenal cortex, plays a role in preserving Na\({}^{+}\) in the extracellular fluid and increasing the excretion of K\({}^{+}\) in urine [8]. During exercise, the body loses water and electrolytes and, if only water is supplemented in response, plasma sodium concentration and osmotic pressure may decrease significantly. In severe cases, hyponatremia may occur, which can cause mental confusion and seizures [9,10]. In particular, a study conducted on marathon runners engaging in a type of endurance exercise, reported that dehydration during exercise caused excessive secretion of ADH, aldosterone, and renin activity, resulting in increased plasma osmotic pressure, reduced plasma volume, and eventually hyponatremia [11]. However, according to a previous study, drinking water during exercise required an increased amount of blood to digest and absorb moisture and, therefore, it was considered to negatively affect muscles. In addition, there was an increased perception that water intake during exercise decreases exercise performance because of abdominal bloating, stomachache, and discomfort caused by stomach fluctuations [12]. Therefore, various studies have established the use of an optimal method to prevent dehydration and maintain proper water and electrolyte homeostasis during daily life or exercise [13,14]. Recently, ion sports drinks and electrolyte drinks have become popular as they can replace electrolyte loss during exercise [15]. Consumption of water containing electrolytes before exercise has been shown to effectively maintain electrolyte homeostasis and conserve blood volume after exercise [16], whereas a one-time intake of ion sports drinks prevents post-workout lactic acid accumulation, accelerates heart rate reduction and water retention, and adds various minerals essential for optimal metabolism [17]. In contrast, a one-time use of sodium during exercise did not show significant advantages [18]. To provide adequate hydration during exercise, a combination of various electrolytes, strategic eating habits, and sodium are more important than individual components [19]. The aforementioned studies suggest the importance of replenishing water and minerals before and after exercise in improving exercise capacity and expediting recovery.