# A Hybrid Unequal Clustering Based on Density with Energy Conservation in Wireless Nodes
## 3 The Proposed HCD Algorithm
### Protocol Performance
#### 3.2.1 Cluster Initialization
This method was able to produce and transmit more packets during the simulation, increase the throughput due to the balanced energy consumption, increased stability and improved number of available nodes. The proposed protocol increases throughout to 40%, 33%, and 37% in the first scenario and 30%, 43%, and 45% in the second scenarios in comparison to ECDC, HUCL, and EADUC-II, respectively. Figure 17: The average of the energy of alive nodes for scenario 2. Figure 18: Throughput for scenario 1. ### Simulation in Other Scenarios and Parameters

Based on the reliability of our proposed protocol in this section, we have compared this protocol with simulation scenarios of EADUC-II [25]. Therefore, the simulation parameters reported in [25] were considered. According to their first scenario, 100 nodes were distributed uniformly within an area of 200 \(\times\) 200 m\({}^{2}\) and the location of the BS was set at 250 \(\times\) 100. The size of the packets and control massage was 500 byte and 25 bytes, respectively. The results, as shown in Figure 20, indicated an improvement in the average number of alive nodes in comparison with the previous protocols. Our simulation results with the parameters of the article [25], also confirm the simulation of the EADUC-II and the results showed that the proposed protocol had better performance compared to other protocols. ## 6 Conclusions

In recent years, the development of technology, IoT has been used over sensor networks in various fields. Wireless nodes have some limitation in case of energy sources since energy consumption is highly related to sending and receiving waves. Optimization of energy consumption in routing protocols is one of the main methods of increase the network lifetime. In this paper, we proposed a new and efficient clustering protocol based on density as a hybrid of static and dynamic as well as multi-hop routing for IoT based on wireless nodes. We considered a distributed clustering method and performed routing between CH and BS on the basis of multi-hop routing. The proposed method

Figure 11:0 Throughput for scenario 2. Figure 11:1 The average of the number of alive nodes for our Simulation. significantly reduced the network overhead and energy consumption by deleting unusual control messages. The results showed that HCD can effectively improve network stability and lifetime. Compared to EDCD [24], HUCL [15], and EADUC-II [25], the network stability increased to 179%, 156%, and 78% and to 150%, 320%, and 141% in the first and second scenarios, respectively. In addition, HCD increased throughput to 40%, 33%, and 37% in the first scenario and 30%, 43%, and 45% in the second scenarios in comparison to EDCD, HUCL, and EADUC-II. Furthermore, it is able to balance energy consumption in the network and improve efficiency and throughput. [PERSON] and [PERSON] prepared the literature review and performed the experiments and composed the manuscript, [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] scrutinized the data, developed Methods and Experiments, [PERSON] and [PERSON], compiled the experimental results, [PERSON] supervised the research activities and devised the systematic plans for this study. This work was supported in part by International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Dongguan (2016508102011), in part by Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2016A020210142) and in part by Guangdong provincial key platform and major scientific research projects (2017 GXJK174). The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

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