# Characterization of the Aroma Profile of Commercial Prosecco Sparkling Wines
## Results and Discussion
### Volatile Compounds in Prosecco Wines
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compound** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **RSD** & **Asolo** & **Treviso** & **Valdobbiadene** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline  & **(ug/L)** & **(ug/L)** & **(ug/L)** & **(\%)** & **(ug/L)** & **(ug/L)** & **(ug/L)** & \\ \hline Carbon disulfide & 7.43 & 23 & \(15\pm 3.77\) & 24.97 & 19.93 \(\pm\) 2.83 b & 13.25 \(\pm\) 3.61 a & 14.39 \(\pm\) 3.08 a & 0.016 \\ Dimethyl sulfide & 2.85 & 17.58 & 7.07 \(\pm\) 3.57 & 50.55 & 9.91 \(\pm\) 2.31 b & 7.93 \(\pm\) 5.51 a & 6.74 \(\pm\) 2.72 ab & 0.062 \\ Diethyl sulfide & 0.21 & 2.55 & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 60.71 & 2.45 \(\pm\) 0.1 b & 1.27 \(\pm\) 0.58 a & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.48 a & 0.004 \\ Dimethyl & 0.17 & 4.17 & \(1.63\pm 1.34\) & 82.34 & 3.17 \(\pm\) 0.48 b & 2.41 \(\pm\) 1.39 a & 1.17 \(\pm\) 1 ab & 0.004 \\ Ethyl thioacetate & 2.56 & 29.6 & 16.2 \(\pm\) 9.03 & 55.55 & 23.87 \(\pm\) 8.46 b & 20.36 \(\pm\) 7.39 a & 12.61 \(\pm\) 8.26 ab & 0.025 \\ Diethyl disulfide & 0.04 & 0.95 & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.28 & 107.12 & 0.77 \(\pm\) 0.28 b & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.14 a & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 0.006 \\ Dimethyl & 0.06 & 3.81 & 0.75 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 147.74 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.14 a & 1.61 \(\pm\) 1.48 a & 0.79 \(\pm\) 1 a & 0.116 \\ Sum of VSC & 18.84 & 66.8 & 42.27 \(\pm\) 11.69 & 27.65 & 60.28 \(\pm\) 5.56 a & 47.07 \(\pm\) 2.04 a & 36.76 \(\pm\) 8.47 a & 0.001 \\ \hline
1-Butanol & 52.2 & 135 & \(86.6\pm 22.14\) & 25.55 & 87.8 \(\pm\) 30.5 a & 78.37 \(\pm\) 17.54 a & 88.37 \(\pm\) 22.06 a & 0.659 \\ Isoamyl alcohol & 73,444 & 111,968 & 92,986 \(\pm\) 9737 & 10.47 & 95,458 \(\pm\) 14,929 a & 87,321 \(\pm\) 11,741 a & 92,917 \(\pm\) 7335 a & 0.446 \\ Phenylethyl & 3281 & 7868 & 5402 \(\pm\) 1156 & 21.41 & 5763.61 \(\pm\) 1387.04 b & 4326.85 \(\pm\) 852 b & 5515 \(\pm\) 1027 a & 0.056 \\ Benzyl alcohol & 27.4 & 270 & \(75\pm\) 56.06 & 74.74 & 70.03 \(\pm\) 25.74 a & 97.76 \(\pm\) 97.45 a & 68.12 \(\pm\) 45.53 a & 0.839 \\ Methionol & 112.07 & 326 & 191 \(\pm\) 60.8 & 31.78 & 230.44 \(\pm\) 74.48 a & 181.36 \(\pm\) 84.07 a & 181.44 \(\pm\) 48.42 a & 0.334 \\ Sum of higher & & & & & & & & \\ alcohol & 76,923 & 118,681 & 98,655 \(\pm\) 10,677 & 10.82 & 101,523 \(\pm\) 16,177 a & 91,927 \(\pm\) 12,418 a & 98,682 \(\pm\) 8143 a & 0.409 \\ \hline
1-Hexanol & 644 & 1365 & \(930\pm 172\) & 18.6 & 1057.83 \(\pm\) 232.49 a & 913.21 \(\pm\) 88.58 a & 906.77 \(\pm\) 172.35 a & 0.405 \\ _cis-3_Hexen-1-ol & 9.84 & 22.22 & 15.47 \(\pm\) 3.3 & 21.31 & 16.64 \(\pm\) 2.87 a & 15.54 \(\pm\) 2.53 a & 14.98 \(\pm\) 3.71 a & 0.67 \\ _trans-3_Hexen-1- & 103 & 198 & 141 \(\pm\) 24.69 & 17.48 & 139.95 \(\pm\) 28.46 a & 136.64 \(\pm\) 30.45 a & 140.63 \(\pm\) 23.48 a & 0.965 \\ _cis-2_Hexen-1-ol & 8.94 & 23.87 & 13.13 \(\pm\) 3.12 & 23.77 & 13.66 \(\pm\) 2.71 a & 12.52 \(\pm\) 1.23 a & 13.05 \(\pm\) 3.71 a & 0.774 \\ Sum of C6 & 792 & 1527 & \(1099\pm 179\) & 16.31 & 1228.08 \(\pm\) 221.31 a & 1077.91 \(\pm\) 61.62 a & 1075.43 \(\pm\) 188.9 a & 0.369 \\ alcohols & & & & & & & \\ \hline Isoamyl acetate & 60.4 & 5199 & 1573 \(\pm\) 1099 & 69.85 & 1547.46 \(\pm\) 395.13 a & 1242.13 \(\pm\) 884.8 a & 1595.01 \(\pm\) 1293.81 a & 0.681 \\ n-Hexyl acetate & 1.44 & 179 & 71.07 \(\pm\) 44.32 & 62.37 & 70.55 \(\pm\) 27.01 a & 66.33 \(\pm\) 41.7 a & 68.76 \(\pm\) 50.63 a & 0.989 \\ Phenethyl acetate & 25.6 & 579 & 152.68 \(\pm\) 105 & 69.35 & 158.88 \(\pm\) 33.93 a & 121.32 \(\pm\) 59.53 a & 153.22 \(\pm\) 129.29 a & 0.543 \\ Sum of acetates & 88.1 & 5958 & 1797 \(\pm\) 1240 & 68.99 & 1776.88 \(\pm\) 422.59 a & 1429.77 \(\pm\) 98.287 a  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compound** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **RSD** & **Asolo** & **Treviso** & **Valdobbiadene** & _p_-**Value** \\ \hline  & **(mg/L)** & **(ug/L)** & **(ug/L)** & **(\%)** & **(ug/L)** & **(ug/L)** & **(ug/L)** & \\ \hline Ethyl 3- & 0.1 & 51.18 & 16.82 \(\pm\) 12.2 & 72.49 & 14.41 \(\pm\) 12.97 a & 16.78 \(\pm\) 12.54 a & 18.82 \(\pm\) 12.7 a & 0.937 \\ Ethyl 3- & & & & & & & \\ hydroxybutyrate & 0 & 88.14 & 65.49 \(\pm\) 19.36 & 29.55 & 40.27 \(\pm\) 33.42 a & 67.09 \(\pm\) 11.02 a & 71.62 \(\pm\) 10.84 a & 0.184 \\ Ethyl 2- & & & & & & & \\ hydroxyhexanoate & 0.01 & 1.8 & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 37.81 & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.46 a & 1.04 \(\pm\) 0.26 a & 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.38 a & 0.689 \\ Sum of ethyl & & & & & & & \\ esters of branched acid & 14.14 & 143 & 91.9 \(\pm\) 25.08 & 27.28 & 63.19 \(\pm\) 33.36 a & 93.56 \(\pm\) 23.28 a & 101.15 \(\pm\) 18.67 a & 0.067 \\ Ethyl cinnamate & 0.01 & 11.79 & 5.62 \(\pm\) 2.72 & 48.34 & 4.87 \(\pm\) 2.78 a & 4.63 \(\pm\) 2.76 a & 6.21 \(\pm\) 2.74 a & 0.649 \\ Ethyl lactate & 1669 & 10,588 & 4468 \(\pm\) 2190 & 49.02 & 3547 \(\pm\) 1476 a & 4490 \(\pm\) 1594 a & 4778 \(\pm\) 2526 a & 0.747 \\ Sum of other & & & & & & & \\ esters & 1670 & 10,597 & 4474 \(\pm\) 2191 & 48.98 & 3552 \(\pm\) 1478 a & 4494 \(\pm\) 1594 a & 4784 \(\pm\) 2528 a & 0.747 \\ \hline
3-Methylbutanoic acid & 173 & 352 & 259 \(\pm\) 41.6 & 16.05 & 283.5 \(\pm\) 46.8 a & 231.65 \(\pm\) 37.33 a & 264.3 \(\pm\) 39.1 a & 0.221 \\ Hexanoic acid & 4384 & 7647 & 6227 \(\pm\) 755 & 12.14 & 6614 \(\pm\) 760 b & 5407 \(\pm\) 765 b & 6311 \(\pm\) 577 a & 0.035 \\ Octanoic acid & 140 & 10,211 & 8820 \(\pm\) 1989 & 22.55 & 7166 \(\pm\) 4701 a & 8499 \(\pm\) 771 a & 9266 \(\pm\) 674 a & 0.111 \\ Sum of fatty acids & 7081 & 18,020 & 15,307 \(\pm\) 2242 & 14.65 & 14,065 \(\pm\) 4756 a & 14,139 \(\pm\) 1508 a & 15,842 \(\pm\) 1132 a & _0.08_ \\ \hline _cis_-Linaalool oxide & 1.23 & 25.06 & 6.46 \(\pm\) 5.57 & 86.12 & 3.71 \(\pm\) 2.22 a & 7 \(\pm\) 4.46 a & 7.47 \(\pm\) 6.45 a & 0.52 \\ _trans_-Linaalool & 0.68 & 13.14 & 3.33 \(\pm\) 2.57 & 77.27 & 2.19 \(\pm\) 1.26 a & 3.68 \(\pm\) 2.22 a & 3.77 \(\pm\) 2.95 a & 0.332 \\ Oxide & 0.85 & 88.08 & 11.8 \(\pm\) 17.1 & 144.5 & 9.22 \(\pm\) 5.24 a & 6.04 \(\pm\) 3.64 a & 13.71 \(\pm\) 21.29 a & 0.571 \\ Templemen-1-ol & \(<\)LOQ & 1.2