)1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L. )1 College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.  
approach to detect sea ice. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can not only be used for positioning, navigation and timing, but also for sensing geophysical parameters through analyzing GNSS signals scattered from the Earth surface. This innovative remote sensing technology is termed GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R), which has been applied to ocean altimetry [5], wind field retrieval [6; 7; 8], tsunami detection [9; 10], soil moisture estimation [11] and oil slick detection [12; 13]. GNSS signals scattered from the Earth surface can be collected over different platforms, such as ground-based, aircraft-based and space-based receivers [14; 15]. In addition, ships can be equipped with GNSS reflectometry sensors for sea ice monitoring [16], which may help sea fare in the Arctic and improve the resolution of sea ice concentration in the marginal ice zones. Ground-based and airborne GNSS-R can be used to sense sea ice [17; 18], but the coverage is limited due to the platforms. GNSS-R receivers on satellites can obtain global scale observables with high temporal and spatial resolution.