## 2 Materials and Methods
### Dataset
#### 2.2.5 Dataset Validation  
A. WRF model applicability validation  
To validate the generality of the proposed experimental scheme in the designated marine area, this study selected three WMO stations, namely 54953, 58264, and 58265, for verification. The chosen timeframe spanned from 15 October 2021 at 09:00 (UTC), to 16 October 2021 at 12:00 (UTC). The wind speed was high during this period, with average  
Figure 2: WRF nested-area map. (**a**) shows the first level of nesting, and (**b**) shows the second level of nesting, i.e., d02 in (**a**).  
values of 13.96 m/s, 7.41 m/s, and 10.91 m/s for the 54953, 58264, and 58265 WMO stations, respectively. These wind speeds represented conditions of significant power output for offshore wind energy and can effectively represent the typical conditions of the ocean surface while minimizing errors arising from terrain and instrument measurements. The validation results are shown in Table 4.  
It is shown in Table 4 that the MAPEs between the observed wind speeds from three WMO stations and the simulated wind speeds from WRF were all below 20%. Similar results were obtained for other evaluation metrics, which were consistent with the outcomes of the sensitivity experiments. The WDAR at all three WMO stations was also greater than 75%. Hence, based on these observational findings, it was concluded that the results generated using GDAS reanalysis data as initial conditions in the WRF numerical simulation, combined with the implementation of the MRF boundary layer parameterization scheme and MM5 near-surface parameterization scheme, were highly reliable.  
B. Verification of the applicability of satellite inversion wind speeds  
To ascertain the accuracy and applicability of wind speed retrieval products from the HY-2C and CFOSAT ocean satellites in the study area, the inversion data from the HY-2C satellite, which commenced at 08:45:15 on 16 October, and the inversion data from the CFOSAT satellite, which commenced at 09:56:42 on 16 October, were chosen for validation. Due to the temporal scope of the retrieval products typically encompassing a period before and after the designated time, the WRF simulated 10 m wind speeds at 09:00 and 10:00 on 16 October were selected for comparison. A total of 526 grid-point observations was obtained from the HY-2C satellite within the chosen area, while the CFOSAT satellite provided 507 grid-point observations. These observational data were compared with the corresponding grid-point WRF-simulated wind speeds, as shown in Table 5.  
The difference in the RMSE between the HY-2C inversion data and the WRF simulated data was 1.19, accompanied by a bias of 0.95 m/s, and an average error rate of 6%. Similarly, the CFOSAT inversion data exhibited an RMSE of 1.25, a bias of 0.97 m/s, and an average error rate of 6% when compared to the WRF simulated data. The errors observed between the wind speed retrieval products from both satellite platforms and the WRF-simulated 10 m wind speeds were relatively small.  
The satisfactory performance of wind speed retrieval products from the HY-2C and CFOSAT satellites in the study area was concluded based on the verification results mentioned above. This conclusion provides a reliable foundation for the further investigation and practical utilization of these products.