# Reality-Virtuality Technologies in the Field of Materials Science and Engineering
## 3 Results
### Features of the Applications and Description
In addition, the user can interact with the virtual 3D models and configure different simulation parameters via a simulator (LAMMPS) and MATLAB code for analysis. * Work 9: _Virtual Reality Visualization for Short Fibre Orientation Analysis_[41] [PERSON] and [PERSON] presented a methodology that allows the automated analysis of fiber orientations in short fiber-reinforced composites to be carried out. After scanning a sample of steel fiber reinforced concrete, the algorithm described analyzes the distribution of its fibers within the concrete matrix. From the data generated during this analysis, images were generated that show the fibers, which are projected on three surfaces arranged orthogonally to each other to be visualized in three dimensions using stereoscopic glasses, thus achieving a certain degree of immersion in the virtual environment. * Work 10: _Immersive Visualization for Materials Science Data Analysis Using the Oculus Rift_[42] [PERSON] et al. reported a methodology that allows the exploratory visualization of data sets of large crystal structures and neutron scattering, using an HMD. The described project aims to enable researchers to carry out the analysis of data sets in an immersive visualization environment in an agile and intuitive way. * Work 11: _Incorporating \(D3\),js Information Visualization into Immersive Virtual Environments_[43][PERSON] et al. reported a virtual environment in which the microstructure of cement pastes and concrete can be visualized and analyzed (using 3D and 2D models) during the hydration or degradation processes. * Work 12: _Beyond the Flipped Classroom: A Highly Interactive Cloud-Classroom (HIC) Embedded into Basic Materials Science Courses_[44]  
[PERSON] et al. presented an application composed of two educational modules. The first module, which uses AR, allows the student to visualize unit cells in 3D when pointing the camera of their mobile device at certain 2D images of them. The user can rotate these 3D figures to see them from different angles, as well as touch them to obtain more information or view animations. The second module uses non-immersive VR to allow the student to view and interact with a 3D virtual car equipped with a fuel cell. This module allows the student to learn about the operating principle of fuel cells and their use in a car. * Work 13: _New Approach for the Teaching of Concrete Compression Tests in Large Groups of Engineering Students_[45]  
[PERSON] et al. described the classroom application of a 3D virtual laboratory based on [72] in which the user can simulate performing a compression test on different concrete specimens. The user has the possibility of moving around in the laboratory and to interact with the different parts of the testing machine to carry out the different actions that are required to carry out in that test. * Work 14: _Virtual Environments in Materials Science and Engineering: The students' opinion_[46]  
[PERSON] et al. described two 3D virtual laboratories intended to simulate materials testing. In the first case, students can carry out a tensile test, while in the second case, they can perform a concrete compression test. * Work 15: _Virtual Lab for Material Testing Using the Oculus Rift_[47]  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] reported a 3D virtual laboratory designed to simulate the performance of a uniaxial tensile test or a cupping test. In addition, the user can interact with the virtual 3D models, configure different test parameters, and hide parts of the machine to observe the deformation of the specimens in details. * Work 16: _Virtual Reality Toolset for Material Science: NOMAD VR Tools_[48]  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] presented a suite of immersive VR programs whose purpose is to visualize the evolution of chemical simulations and explore atomic structures. Datasets (from the NOMAD repository [73] or created by the user) containing information regarding atomic structures and simulations are introduced in these programs to be processed and thus be visualized through an HMD or a CAVE system.