## 4 Discussion
Another possible explanation is that the self-cured polymer precursor has a bead size larger than the other resins [29] (13.12 \(\pm\) 4.00 \(\upmu\)m vs. 5.46 \(\pm\) 5.51 \(\upmu\)m; \(p\) < 0.001). Pa values identified as outliners were presented in self-cured and milled resins and potentially regarded as infrequent occurrences resulting from the polishing protocol. Moreover, a relevant outlier can be detected in the group undergoing mechanized polishing for milled resins, as the higher degree of polymerization could be the explanation for the increased surface pressure resistance and the appearance of secondary roughness (Figure 2) [28; 30]. A symmetrical distribution and a pattern for Pa values for any of the resin types and between polishing techniques was not detected. This is evident from the varying lengths of the box plots, where the length represents the spread of the data. Data regarding the mechanical polishing exhibited significantly lower dispersion, primarily because the effectiveness of the protocol is no longer reliant on human factors [12; 13]. The distribution tends to have lower kurtosis, suggesting flatter peaks and moderate tails, reflecting the more consistent roughness observed in the box plots, except for the milled resins. On the other hand, the conventional polishing exhibited more variability and higher skewness and kurtosis for several resin types, indicating more variability and extreme values, which aligns with the wider spread and more outliers seen in the box plots and tends to produce a broader distribution of roughness values, reflecting higher irregularities compared to mechanized polishing. The hypothesis proposed by [PERSON] et al. [13] that the mechanized protocol would result in more consistent surfaces was substantiated. The polishing protocol must be correctly adapted to the surface characteristics of each resin depending on the processing techniques. The correlation between skewness (Psk) and kurtosis (Pku) offers a valuable insight into the height distribution of surface roughness [16; 31; 32; 33]. Per their definitions, skewness quantifies the symmetry of the height distribution within the surface topography and kurtosis quantifies the sharpness of the height distribution [16; 34]. The JOTA(r) KIT 1877 DENTUR POLISHING protocol assumes surface polishing with three sequential milling burs, from coarsest to finest grain (green to yellow). It is expected that the height profile would exhibit a pronounced negative skewness and a reduction in the kurtosis values due to the removal of more high peaks compared to valleys [25; 33; 32]. Both the mechanized and conventional protocols contributed to the increase in the skewness and kurtosis values in the overall acrylic resins, which presupposes that the polishing kit selected has a greater tendency to develop more peaks in the surface topography and it is not effective in its removal. However, the mechanized polishing protocols revealed consistent skewness values and generally lower-to-moderate kurtosis values across resin types. Only the influence of polishing protocols on the surface topography of a surface was assessed; however, their impact on bacterial colonization was not considered. A study revealed that nanostructured surfaces (characterized by skewness and kurtosis) with a greater ratio of peaks to valleys exhibit a resistance against Candida Albicans attachment, as these surfaces act like external stressors. Conversely, surfaces featuring a valley-like nano-architecture were conductive to Candida Albicans attachment and proliferations [35]. Understanding the topography will facilitate the recognition of surface typology more conducive to the development of microorganisms, such as Candida albicans, as the leading cause of denture-related stomatitis [10; 35]. The current study's limitations encompassed its \"in vitro\" and analytic design, failing to replicate the clinical conditions accurately. A notable characteristic of poly(mehtylmethacrylate) denture bases is their inherently low hardness.