## 4 Nazzfast Consensus Mechanism
### Block Creation Cycle
#### 4.4.1 Block Proposal Phase
It reduces message broadcasting pressure and improves scalability. Also, it increases the consensus's security because five new validators commit a block as correctors and check its correction for any forgery. 3. Timesheet concept

We used the additional concept of corrector in the Nazfast consensus to improve the security that the Tendermint consensus does not use. However, we do not want to increase the throughput time of the network due to the work of correctors in the consensus mechanism. Therefore, we used the idea of maintaining a timesheet to speed up the commit process. Correctors speed up the commit process to gain the next election-starter reward. Due to the reward mechanism, the correctors' work does not get delayed, and the throughput of the complete mechanism increases. By applying all those techniques, we have succeeded in blocking finalization in a very small amount of time with almost similar latency in the network. Figure 16 shows the block creation time by the Nazfast consensus. We have observed an average of three block finalizations in 1 s on a small number of validator sets. The block producers may create their block with transactions any time after the election process result declaration in the network and broadcast it in their respective block creation cycle. Therefore, the observed time for block creation starts with the block proposal and ends at the final commit state of the new height phase. We calculated the confidence level of our results by considering a 95% alpha value. Given the confidence interval rate, the results ensure that 95% of samples are in the range from 0.333745948 \(\pm\) 0.177220195 for block creation with a similar number of validators. Figure 17 shows the block creation time with the error bar of the Nazfast consensus. In our presented consensus, one block creation cycle consists of many phases. Figures 18-22 show the time of each phase during a block creation process. We used 500 test samples to calculate the average results with a 0.2 propagation delay while connected to all other network validators. We observe that the proposal phase takes an average of 0.027822161 s to complete. The check validity phase has two stages, prevote and precommit, prevote takes an average of 0.296942 s, and pre-commit takes an average of 0.01747 s. The commit phase takes an average of 0.004887 s, and the new height takes an average of 0.00781 s. The system bounds the maximum time for a phase; after that, it will automatically time out. The system may also fix the minimum time for each phase to dissolve. We have recorded and presented the average minimum time taken for each phase on the simulator. From Figure 23, we have observed that the prevote phase takes the longest time

Figure 10:2 Nazfast consensus block creation time with the same number of validators and a 0.2 propagation delay and connected to all. Figure 10:3 Nazfast consensus block creation time with error bars, having the same number of validators and 0.2 propagation delay, and connected to all. **Election Process Scheduling and Scaling to Speed Up the Process:**

The election process result is used in the Nazfast consensus mechanism to create and finalize blocks. 20 blocks in two rounds will be made on the result of one election; therefore, after every 20 block creation cycles of Nazfast, the new election result is required to start a new round. The first election should be held and end before the start of the genesis (very first) block creation cycle; otherwise every election for the next two rounds will begin with the start of the current block creation cycle 1 of round 1 and be executed in parallel with the block creation cycles of Nazfast. The election process should end before the end of block creation cycle number 20 of the current round of Nazfast so that the next round may use the result of the current election. If the election has not ended for any reason, the next block creation cycle may have to wait to get started.