# A Study of Applying Fuzzy Theory in Simulation-Based Education
## 1 Introduction  
Casualties due to environmental disasters, such as wind disasters, have dramatically increased in recent years, corresponding with increased helicopter demand for disaster relief and rescue. Due to their particular characteristics, helicopters can fly at low altitudes and run through environmental settings such as cities, valleys, or mountains. Since these flights are usually under visual flight operation, flight crews must pay close attention to external inspection and monitoring. Avoiding interference from other aircraft or external environmental impact make cockpit operation very difficult. Although aircraft safety has continually improved from design and production perspectives, helicopter accident rates have not improved significantly. Taiwan's civil aviation council classified 2007-2016 helicopter flight accidents as being largely operator caused (51.2%: 44.2% related to pilots and 7% to other personnel such as maintenance or air control) with the second most common cause being other aircraft, and only 18.6% due to environmental issues [1]. In comparison, USA average helicopter accident rate for 2001-2005 was 7.91 per 100,000 h, with 1.31 per 100,000 h fatality rate [2]. The main factor for helicopter accidents in Taiwan was 90% man-made errors due to deficient training, illegal flights, poor vigilance and mechanical failure. Increased employment pressure also affected pilot working attitudes, increasing aggressiveness and mission focus [3]. Other factors contributing to helicopter accidents were improper operation procedures, airspeed and distance miscalculation, delayed or improper decision, poor team coordination, carelessness, space obsession and inexperience [4].  
The International Air Transport Association (IATA), various national civil aviation authorities, airlines, aircraft manufacturers, and training institutions have all highly recommended flight crew training programs to integrate personal techniques and capabilities with teamwork, and hence help prevent human negligence. However, training results show remarkable differences in effectiveness due to different operators and aircraft models during training sessions [5; 6]. Therefore, it is critical to identify suitable helicopter cockpit resource management (CRM), combining communication, flight decision, teamwork, workload management, condition vigilance, automation and other key factors to effectively monitor the impact on flight performance. This study used the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) evidence based training (EBT) methods to verify key CRM factors under emergency conditions. We tried to understand available methods for aviation crews to conduct well-organized flight management when facing dangerous situations. This study will provide civil and military aviation authorities and training organizations with references to integrate into junior and senior pilot education and training courses to improve management literacy and flight safety.  
The remainder of this article is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews relevant literature, and Section 3 introduces the assessment methodology. Section 4 presents an example using practical Taiwan pilot training data to verify the proposed methodology. Section 5 summarizes the outcomes, concludes the paper, and discusses some useful future research directions.