###### Abstract  
This study investigates the influence of oil well anchoring on overburden stability in coal, oil, and gas co-mining areas, combining mechanical theory and numerical simulations to systematically analyze the mechanical characteristics. First, a mechanical model of oil well anchoring was developed by considering the coupled interaction between the wellbore cement sheath and the surrounding rock, and the relationship between oil well anchoring and changes in the friction angle, cohesion, compressive strength, and Young's modulus of the surrounding rock. Subsequently, a three-dimensional numerical simulation using FLAC3D 7.0 was conducted to analyze stress redistribution, displacement field evolution, and plastic zone distribution around the oil wells under different burial depths. The results indicate that as the burial depth increases, the peak stress around the oil wells rises from 0.37 MPa to 2.24 MPa, the displacement influence range expands from 18 m to 43 m, and the plastic zone remains confined between 0.9 m and 1.6 m. No significant stress coupling effects are observed between the well groups. These findings demonstrate that the anchoring effect of oil wells effectively regulates the stratigraphic stress field, mitigates overburden deformation, and enhances wellbore stability in coal, oil, and gas co-mining areas, providing a crucial theoretical basis and engineering reference for enhancing overburden stability in coal-oil co-mining areas. abandoned oil wells; anchoring effect; overburden stability; numerical modeling 2020 IEEEring and casing, the cement ring boundary, and the non-uniformity of ground stress on casing stresses. Casing in oil wells typically has a large diameter (greater than 250 mm) and traverses coal-bearing formations. These casings are anchored by steel tubing in the form of cement to the well wall or external steel tubing, thereby creating an anchoring effect [9; 10]. The anchoring of oil well casings within the formation, which interferes with the original strata, may have a limited scope of influence. However, it can affect the stability of the overlying rock layers, alter the original mechanical state, and consequently jeopardize the safety of the oil wells [11; 12; 13]. Several scholars [14; 15; 16] suggest that the anchoring effect of abandoned oil wells can effectively alter the stress distribution in the formation and influence the stability of coal seams, oil and gas reservoirs, and surrounding strata. Additionally, the anchoring effect plays a critical role in stabilizing the wellbore and supporting the overburden formation. Through a comparison of physical similarity simulation experiments, both with and without casing, [PERSON] et al. [17] concluded that the subsidence of the overlying rock layer is reduced to varying degrees in different layers with casing, and the damage to the overlying rock layer is also minimized. [PERSON] [18; 19] and colleagues conducted an in-depth study of the stability of shale gas wells that vertically intersect coal seams. They not only focused on the stability of these wells but also integrated the effects of topographic changes and coal seam depth on the integrity of oil and gas wellbore integrity, comprehensively evaluating the potential impact of these factors on well stability. This anchoring action is analogous to that of a large anchor rod, which stabilizes the coal pillar and its surrounding rock strata, thereby altering the mechanical properties of the strata surrounding the oil wells. [PERSON] et al. ; [PERSON] et al; [PERSON] et al; [PERSON]. [20; 21; 22; 23] investigated the mechanism of anchor anchoring, revealing the dynamic relationship between anchor force and ground deformation. They categorized this process into three stages: strengthening anchoring, stabilizing surrounding rock, and reducing deformation, which could provide insights for the research in this paper.