## 3 Results  
### Respondent Characteristics and Indoor Environment Conditions  
In this study, a total number of 431 valid questionnaires (out of 450) were included, with a response rate of 95.7%. Table 1 presents the baseline demographic descriptors for the social housing residents in the Zerdely micro-district. Overall, the slightly overrepresented categories include females, at 57.5%, and the housing group aged over 41 years and older, at 23.4%. This pattern aligns with findings in similar socio-economic settings, indicating specific lifestyle choices prevalent among social housing residents [37]. Notably, a relatively high percentage, approximately 67%, stated that they do not smoke or drink alcoholic beverages. 42.2% were employed full-time, and 1.6% stated that they could not work. The average length of residence was 4.22 years (SD = 3.16). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Item** & **n** & **Percentage** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Gender} & Male & 178 & 41.3 \\  & Female & 248 & 57.5 \\  & Prefer not to disclose & 5 & 1.2 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Age} & \(\leq\)20 & 60 & 13.9 \\  & 21–25 & 69 & 16.0 \\  & 26–30 & 64 & 14.8 \\  & 31–35 & 74 & 17.2 \\  & 36–40 & 63 & 14.6 \\  & 41\(\geq\) & 101 & 23.4 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Smoking status} & - Never smoked & 288 & 66.8 \\  & - Used to smoked & 71 & 16.5 \\  & - Smoke occasionally & 38 & 8.8 \\  & - Smoke less than 5 & 13 & 3.0 \\  & cigarettes daily & 13 & 3.0 \\  & - Smoke more than 15 & & \\  & cigarettes daily & 6 & 1.4 \\  & - Smoke tobacco & & \\  & products other than & 2 & 0.5 \\  & cigarettes daily & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Alcohol Consumption Status} & Never & 288 & 66.8 \\  & Monthly or less & 115 & 26.7 \\  & 2–4 times a month & 17 & 3.9 \\  & 2–3 times per week & 4 & 0.9 \\  & \(\geq\)4 times per week & 7 & 1.6 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Employment Status} & Employed full-time & 182 & 42.2 \\  & Employed part-time & 27 & 6.3 \\  & Self-employed/freelane & 45 & 10.4 \\  & Studying & 61 & 14.2 \\  & Retired & 35 & 8.1 \\  & Unemployed & 44 & 10.2 \\  & Not able to work & 7 & 1.6 \\  & Prefer not to say & 30 & 7.0 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Educational Level} & Primary school & 3 & 0.7 \\  & Secondary school & 82 & 19.0 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Higher secondary education or technical & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & and vocational & 139 & 32.3 \\ \cline{1-1}  & education & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & College or University & 128 & 29.7 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Postgraduate degree & 35 & 8.1 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Prefer not to say & 44 & 10.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Descriptive statistics of respondent’s characteristics. The examination of smoking and drinking habits among the participants reflects the lifestyle trends within the Zerdely micro-district's social housing community. These trends are consistent with behaviours observed in comparable socio-economic environments. Typically, abstention from alcohol and moderate consumption is more common in neighbourhoods of lower socio-economic status [38; 39]. While higher levels of neighbourhood deprivation have been linked to increased smoking rates [40], this study found that the proportion of individuals who smoked aligned with the national trend in Kazakhstan, where the overall prevalence of tobacco use slightly decreased from 22.9% in 2014 to 21.5% in 2019 [41; 42]. Table 2 provides descriptive statistics on the housing features. In this study, 72.9% of the respondents were residing from the first to fourth floors, reflecting the fact that out of 112 apartment buildings in the micro-district, only 32 were nine stories high. The multiple response frequency analysis of the personally adjusted indoor control variables showed that most residents adjusted window blinds or shades (81.9%), and less than half of the respondents (40.5%) owned air conditioning units. The window operability by residents was low, at 31.4%, with 14.7% owning a portable fan.