# Slot Optimization Based on Coupled Airspace Capacity of Multi-Airport System
## 4 Algorithm
and S.W. ; investigation, S.W., L.Y. and M.H. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.L. and S.W. ; writing--review and editing, S.W. and L.Y. ; supervision, L.Y. and M.H. ; project administration, M.H. ; funding acquisition, L.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20231447) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52472346). The datasets presented in this article are not readily available because the data are part of an ongoing study. Requests to access the datasets should be directed to the Civil Aviation Administration Administration of China. We sincerely thank the Office of Air Traffic Management at the Civil Aviation Administration of China and Xi Geng for their support and contribution to this study. The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

* (1) Airports Council International; IATA; Worldwide Airport Coordinators Group. _Worldwide Airport Slot Guidelines (WASG)_, 4 th ed. ; IATA: Montreal, QC, Canada; Geneva, Switzerland, 2025; Part 3, Section 10; pp. 52-60. * (2) [PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] An Optimization Approach for Airport Slot Allocation under IATA Guidelines. _Transp. Res. Part B Methodol._**2018**, _112_, 132-156. [CrossRef]
* (3) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Contrast and comparison of metroplex operations: An air traffic management study of Atlanta, losangeles, New York, and Miami. In Proceedings of the 9 th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO), Hilton Head, SC, USA, 21-23 September 2009. * (4) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Slot allocation of multi-airport system considering airport fairness. _Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin._**2023**, _44_, 327-212. [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] SOSTA: An effective model for the Simultaneous Optimisation of Airport Slot Allocation. _Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev._**2017**, _99_, 34-53. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2019) [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] A slot-scheduling mechanism at congested airports that incorporates efficiency, fairness and airline preferences. _Transp. Sci._**2019**, _54_, 115-138. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Collaborative sequencing and scheduling method for arrival and departure traffic flow in multi-airport terminal area. _Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin._**2017**, _38_, 320222. * [PERSON] et al. (2009) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Towards optimal routing and scheduling of metroplex operations. In Proceedings of the 9 th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO), Hilton Head, SC, USA, 21-23 September 2009. * [PERSON] et al. (2011) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Flow assignment strategy in network system os multi-airport. _Syst. Eng. Theory Pract._**2011**, _31_, 379-384. * [PERSON] (2018) [PERSON] Heuristic search for allocation of slots at network level. _Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol._**2018**, _86_, 488-509. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2019) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Two-stage programming model for time slot allocation problem under uncertain capacity. _J. Beijing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut._**2019**, _45_, 1747-1756. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Collaboration Optimization of Flight Schedule in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Airport Group. _Trans. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut._**2020**, _37_, 6. * [PERSON] et al. (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Collaborative Arrival and Departure Sequencing for Multi-airport Terminal Area. _J. Transp. Syst. Eng. Inf. Technol._**2017**, _17_, 197-204. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Collaborative aircrafts scheduling strategy in metroplex terminal area based on FS-MOPSO. _J. Southwest Jiaotong Univ._**2017**, _52_, 179-185. * [PERSON] et al. (2012) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Secondary trading of airport slots as a combinatorial exchange.