# Energy-Efficient Mixtures Suitable for 3D Technologies
## 3 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Type of Mineral Additive** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Content of Components, kg/m\({}^{3}\)**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & \begin{tabular}{c} **PC Portland** \\ **Cement** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Mineral** \\ **Additive** \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Sand** \\ **Andditive** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Water** \\ **Water** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline
1 & Blast furnace granulated slag & 250 & 250 & 1440 & 290 \\
2 & Fly ash & 300 & 200 & 1495 & 270 \\
3 & Limestone powder & 300 & 200 & 1495 & 270 \\
4 & Granite dust & 350 & 150 & 1480 & 275 \\
5 & Slag–alkaline binder * & 50 & 450 & 1348 & 295 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Investigated compositions of mixtures for a 3D printer. The analysis of the obtained data (Figure 6) makes it possible to conclude that to ensure the formability of mixtures using different mineral additives, the workability of the cone on the shaking table is different. It is the smallest for a cement-ash composition, which is explained by the spherical shape of the fly ash part, which provides the necessary extrudability with the lowest water consumption of the concrete mixture [20; 39]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Mineral Additive** \\ **Additive** \\ **Additive** \\ **Content,** \\ **kg/m\({}^{3}\)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Density** \\ **kg/m\({}^{3}\)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Density** \\ **Age of** \\ **Days** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Bending Strength at Age,** \\ **at the** \\ **Days, MPa** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Compressive Strength** \\ **at Age, Days, MPa** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Density** \\ **at Age, Days, MPa** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Density** \\ **at Age, Days, MPa** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Bending** \\ **Strength, Strength,** \\ **MPa** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Compressive Strength** \\ **MPa** \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & & & & & & & & & & & **MPa** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & Blast furnace & \multirow{3}{*}{250} & \multirow{3}{*}{2010} & \multirow{3}{*}{4.1} & \multirow{3}{*}{3.4} & \multirow{3}{*}{5.4} & \multirow{3}{*}{6.4} & \multirow{3}{*}{12.3} & \multirow{3}{*}{22.1} & \multirow{3}{*}{36.2} & \multirow{3}{*}{1870} & \multirow{3}{*}{5.8} & \multirow{3}{*}{3.9} & \multirow{3}{*}{32.2} \\  & granulated slag & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Fly ash & 200 & 2080 & 4.4 & 3.7 & 5.6 & 6.8 & 12.5 & 22.3 & 35.2 & 1980 & 6.3 & 4.8 & 33.8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Limestone powder & 200 & 1980 & 3.8 & 2.8 & 4.6 & 5.7 & 11.1 & 17.6 & 32.2 & 1860 & 4.4 & 3.6 & 28.8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Granite dust & 150 & 2070 & 3.7 & 3.4 & 4.2 & 5.6 & 11.8 & 18.1 & 33.7 & 1960 & 4.1 & 3.3 & 30.1 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Slag-alkaline & - & 2000 & 3.2 & 2.0 & 3.1 & 4.4 & 7.6 & 13.5 & 24.8 & 1860 & 3.7 & 3.1 & 21.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Results of the study of the properties of concrete obtained by a 3D printer and vibration. Figure 5: Photograph showing the test samples were made using a 3D printer. The beginning of the hardening or \"printing window\" (Figure 7) is the largest when using limestone and the smallest with a slag-alkaline binder; the different speeds of the processes of structuring cement pastes with the use of mineral additives can explain this. The structural strength of the mixtures for 3D printer (Figure 8) after 20 and 40 min of mixing is the highest when using limestone and slag-alkaline binder, respectively, which is consistent with the beginning of hardening of these mixtures.