## 2 Materials and Methods
### Geomorphological Features of the Two Examples  
The first investigated example concerns the Cavallo Bianco NNW-SSE trending ridge, showing two rocky slopes affected by different DSGSD morpho-structures (Figure 1). The local DSGSD movement direction of the Cavallo Bianco western slope towards the west develops two depressions near the watershed, oriented as slope direction and shaped in the bedrock. These depressions, with lengths of approximately 1 km (Figures 4 and 5) and depth from some metres up to 25 m, are referred to doubled ridges. Evident longitudinal trenches reused by avalanches represent the NW prolongation of the two doubled ridges. Moreover, scarps west-dipping with N-S and NW-SE trends, some meters high and up to 1 km long, occur (Figure 4), dislocating the slope covered by thin subglacial sediments. Consequently, these sediments are only preserved in narrow strips, simulating  
Figure 4: The Cavallo Bianco western slope shows two doubled ridges and a longitudinal trench near the watershed (symbols as Figure 1). It furthermore exhibits numerous scarps, covered by shrubs. These morpho-structures strongly dissect the flat glacial slope, only preserved as narrow grassy strips (blue shading). Depressions connected to morpho-structures promote the formation of local glaciers (asterisks). The counterslope tilting of a moraine (blue line) is the result of the differential deformations of the slope. Evident detachment niches (green lines) are also visible. Figure 5: The Cavallo Bianco eastern slope (in the background) shows much evidence of gravitational phenomena (symbols as Figure 1). A doubled ridge is visible at M. Selletta. A sliding surface corresponding to a significant minor scarp (snowy surface) occurs N of M. Selletta. Numerous other minor scarps and counterscarps are, finally, visible in the foreground slope. a set of glacial terraces (Figure 4), and tilting in counter-slope a lateral moraine (blue line in Figure 4). Small, local, now-extinct glaciers (asterisks in Figure 4) hosted in close gravitational depressions are testified by well-preserved moraines (blue line in Figure 4). Wide detachment niches are also evident (green lines in Figure 4). The local DSGSD movement direction of the Cavallo Bianco eastern slope towards the east develops a NNW-SSE smooth surface encompassing the whole eastern slope (Figure 5). This surface can be read as morphological evidence of a significant minor scarp essentially shaped into the bedrock. It is cut by some trenches with a prevailing 50\({}^{\circ}\)N trend. The Cavallo Bianco traditional geomorphological map (TGM) (Figure 6A) shows the distribution of the bedrock and Quaternary sediments, both dislocated by various gravitational morpho-structures. The close location of these elements (doubled ridges, minor scarps and detachment niches) near the watershed creates difficulty for their mapping. Only the main morpho-structures can be reported in a TGM and simplified as linear elements (depression of doubled ridge, edge of the minor scarp and detachment niche). The mapping of these linear elements also prevents evaluation of their real size. By contrast, the object-based method (OBM) in a GIS environment and simplified by cross-section (Figure 6B) allows for reporting all the different morpho-structures as polygons (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1h, 1i, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d in Figure 6C) and mapping them as areal elements, with their real size. This mapping therefore favours the evaluation of the significant gravitational dislocation of the entire slope. For example, the doubled ridges involving the Cavallo Bianco western slope, simplified in the TGM where only their axes were indicated, are instead, in this new method, represented by scarps, plunging as the maximum slope inclination (1a, 1d and 1g in Figure 6B) and counterscarps, oppositely plunging (1c and 1f in Figure 6B). Likewise, the  
Figure 6: The Cavallo Bianco example. (**A**) Traditional Geomorphological Map (TGM) along the Cavallo Bianco watershed (modified from [17]).