## 3 Results and Discussion
### Discussion of the Results
This study analyzed this quantitative information by applying the IO analysis and reported a finding that the economic effects of DHS were greater than those of IHS. Thus, the authors simply mentioned that DHS can be superior to IHS when considering economic effects as the only factor. The study did not argue that DHS is always superior to IHS or that economic effects are the most important of many factors to consider. The IO models employed in this study are quite intuitive and relatively easy to apply because they do not require complicated statistical analysis. Nevertheless, since the IO model makes use of an IO table that summarizes inputs and outputs among sectors within a country's whole economy in a single table, the quantitative findings from IO analysis are suitable for various uses in policy planning and evaluation related to IHS and DHS sectors. Furthermore, this study aimed to update the implications of the results by using the most recently published 2017 IO table. The economic effects of the two sectors derived by the demand-driven model of IO analysis, which are summarized in Table 5, have five important implications. First, the production-inducing effects of one dollar of production or investment in the two sectors on the national economy were estimated to be about 1.073 and 1.388 dollars, respectively. This quantitative information indicates how much production or investment in the two sectors causes increased production for the national economy. Thus, the results of this study can be useful in predicting in advance the economic effects from the perspective of increased production when a new IHS or DHS project, or when a company starts up or enters the economy. More interestingly, the production-inducing effect for the DHS sector is greater than that for the IHS sector. Since this suggests that the production-inducing effect of the DHS sector is greater than that of the IHS sector when investing the same amount in each of the two sectors, it can be seen as preferable to invest limited resources in the DHS sector in terms of boosting production rather than investing them in the IHS sector. The finding means that the argument that DHS are more conducive to revitalizing the domestic economy than IHS is supported by our results. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline  & **City Gas Supply** & **Steam and Hot Water Supply** \\ \hline Production-inducing effects & & \\ Effect on other sectors & 0.07293 & 0.38770 \\ Self-induced effect & 1.00000 & 1.00000 \\ Total & 1.07293 & 1.38770 \\ \hline Value-added creation effects & & \\ Effect on other sectors & 0.03597 & 0.14736 \\ Self-induced effect & 0.19168 & 0.51060 \\ Total & 0.22764 & 0.65796 \\ \hline Wage-inducing effects & & \\ Effect on other sectors & 0.01525 & 0.04850 \\ Self-induced effect & 0.03598 & 0.05975 \\ Total & 0.05123 & 0.10825 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Summary of the economic effects of steam and hot water supply and city gas supply sectors. Second, we examined the value-added creation effects of the IHS and DHS sectors. Given that the benchmark for a country's wealth is gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP consists of the sum of value-added value, the value-added creation effect may be more important than the production-inducing effect. The value-added creation effects of one dollar of production or investment in the two sectors on the national economy were calculated to be about 0.228 and 0.658 dollars, respectively. The second is bigger than the first, which is consistent with the finding for the production-inducing effects. Third, the wage-inducing effects of the IHS and DHS sectors were estimated. This study discovered that one dollar of production or investment in the two sectors produces about 0.051 and 0.108 dollars of wages in the national economy. The wage-inducing effect of the DHS sector is larger than that of the IHS sector. As South Korea is suffering from the problem of jobless growth, the government is focusing its policy attention on job creation.