# A Stratigraphic Prediction Method Based on Machine Learning
## 3 Results and Discussions
### Machine Learning Simulation Result Analysis
#### 3.2.3 Verification of the Geostratigraphic Series Model  
To verify the true prediction ability of the geostratigraphic series model, the stratum data in the test borehole data are used for practical testing, and the differences between the simulated series output by the model and the real geostratigraphic series are compared. Selected examples of the real borehole stratum conditions and prediction results of machine learning are shown in Table 8.  
Table 8 shows that by comparing the prediction results of the model with the real borehole data, the machine learning model based on the seq2 seq architecture has a high accuracy in stratum type prediction. According to the statistics, in all data of the test set, the machine learning model accurately simulates 62.98% of the stratum types, and the similarity between the simulated sequence and the real stratum sequence is 72.16%. In addition, the accuracy rate of the stratum thickness prediction is 74.04%, which basically realizes the determination of the stratum thickness in the study area, as shown in Table 9.  
In conclusion, the machine learning model based on a recurrent neural network can accurately simulate the real stratum situation in the study area, and its feasibility is verified.  
Figure 33: Accuracy of 50% expert-driven learning.  
Figure 32: Loss curve of 50% expert-driven learning.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Number**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**The Real Boroble Straats**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Prediction Results of Machine Learning**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Statum Thickness Sequence**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Statum Type Sequence**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Statum Thickness Sequence**} \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Statum Type Sequence**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(m)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Statum Type Sequence**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(m)**} \\ \hline
1 & silt, clay & 0.3,3.9 & floury sol, clay, plain fill & within 3 m, within 3 m, 3-5 m \\
2 & clay & 2 & clay & within 3 m \\
3 & miscellaneous fill & 0.6 & plain fill & 5-10 m \\
4 & plain fill, clay & 3.1,9.8 & plain fill, clay & within 3 m, 5-10 m \\
5 & miscellaneous fill, clay, mock soil, plain fill, clay & 1.2, 13, 15, 24, 13.3 & & plain fill, clay \\
6 & floury sol, silt clay, plain fill, clay, plain fill, clay & 1.0, 0.5, 25, 12, 03, 3.6 & floury sol, plain fill, clay & within 3 m, within 3 m, within 3 m, within 3 m \\
7 & miscellaneous fill, plain fill, clay & 0.7, 3.0, 4.5 & miscellaneous fill, plain fill, clay & within 3 m, within 3 m, within 3 m, 3-5 m \\
8 & miscellaneous fill, clay & 0.6, 4.0 & miscellaneous fill & within 3 m, within 3 m, within 3 m, 10-20 m \\
9 & miscellaneous fill, plain fill, clay & 0.5, 1.0, 11.9 & miscellaneous fill, plain fill, clay & within 3 m, within 3 m, 10-20 m \\
10 & miscellaneous fill, clay & 10.9, 8 & miscellaneous fill, clay & within 3 m, 5-10 m \\
11 & miscellaneous fill, silt, plain fill, clay & 4.1, 11.2, 7.0, 10.0 & miscellaneous fill, plain fill, clay & within 3 m, 10-20, 5-10 m \\
12 & floury sol, plain fill, mudcy soil, clay & 0.5, 6.7, 12, 8.6 & floury sol, plain fill, plain fill, clay & within 3 m, within 3 m, within 3 m, 5-10 m \\
13 & silt, clay & 0.4, 6.6 & floury sol, clay & within 3 m, 5-10 m \\
15 & miscellaneous fill, silt, plain fill, clay & 0.4, 10.4 & floury sol, clay & within 3 m, 5-10 m \\
16 & miscellaneous fill, silt, plain fill, clay & 0.7, 1.9, 34, 24.0 & miscellaneous fill, faulty soil, plain fill, clay & within 3 m, within 3 m, 20-30 m \\
17 & miscellaneous fill soil, plain fill soil, old city & 1.2, 2.6, 6.5, 13.0 & & within 3 m, within 3 m, within 3 m, within 3 m, 5-10 m, \\
18 & miscellaneous fill soil, clay & 0.5, 2.8, 10.2 & miscellaneous fill, plain fill, clay & within 3 m, within 3 m, 10-20 m \\
19 & miscellaneous fill soil, plain fill soil, clay & 2.1, 0.8, 12.9 & miscellaneous fill, plain fill, clay & within 3 m, within 3 m, 10-20 m \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Comparison of the real borehole stratum and machine learning prediction results.