# Performance Analysis of a Keyword-Based Trust Management System for Fog Computing
## 1 Introduction
On the other hand, fog computing nodes constantly weigh their resources while deciding whether or not to upload to the cloud or analyze data from various information sources. Some cloud services, such as infrastructure as a service (IaaS), software as a service (SaaS), and platform as a service (PaaS), may be expanded with fog computing in a way that is not possible with an edge architecture (PaaS). While developing communication assets and processing power is undertaken at the network's periphery, or \"fog\", fog computing may assist with this activity [12]. In 2012 [13], a new paradigm termed fog computing (the fog, in short) was developed to address these issues. [PERSON] et al. [11] define the fog as a highly virtualized platform that bridges the gap between cloud data centers and end devices by providing the former with storage, the latter with computing, and the latter with networking. Data, computing, storage, and application services are all things that may be found in the cloud or fog [14]. Decentralization, locally processing vast volumes of data, software installation on heterogeneous hardware [15], closeness to end users, dense geographical dispersion, and mobility support are ways the latter differs from the former. Here, we illustrate the connection between them using a traffic light system and explain the implications of delay. However, the distance between the monitoring probe and the cloud server might be as high as three or four hops in a traffic light system without fog. Therefore, the system is challenged by network latency, and real-time choices cannot be made instantly, but with the fog, the traffic lights become actuators and the monitoring probe becomes a sensor. Traditional compressed video, which may experience some lag when sent from the fog node to the cloud, is possible. A flashing ambulance's spotlight triggers a quick decision from the fog node to activate the appropriate traffic signals, allowing the ambulance to pass through without delay. The fog is a valuable addition to the cloud, but cannot be a substitute. The fog is the subject of intensive study at various research facilities, including ARM, Cisco, Dell, Intel, Microsoft Corp., Cloudlet, Intelligent Edge by Intel, and Princeton University's Edge Laboratory. The OpenFog Consortium (founded in 2015) is making strides toward an open architecture for the fog that will allow for greater interoperability and scalability [16]. Cisco, Huawei, Ericsson, etc., are just a few companies that provide networking hardware, including switches and gateways. The immense potential of the fog is shown in the current research developments. The fog has such capabilities as proximity awareness, low latency, and edge location [17]. It is appropriate for a situation where many heterogeneous, ubiquitous, and distributed devices must coordinate their communication, share resources, and carry out data storage and processing operations. The user's fog is accessible from any internet-connected device at any time. Smart cities [18] and health care [19] are examples of fields where fog may be used. Moreover, it can provide higher QoS regarding reaction time and power usage [20]. For latency-aware processing of IoT data, the fog uses network devices (called fog nodes in this research) [21]. Fog nodes are the various components of a fog system stationed on the network's periphery. Fog servers are among them, along with gateways, routers, switches, access points, base stations, and others. The computing, networking, and storage resource allocation may be managed consistently and streamlined thanks to the fog [22]. In the Internet of Things (IoT), fog nodes are typically the first group of processors that data encounter, and these nodes can build a complete hardware root of trust. They may act as a trusted foundation for all the apps and processes that operate on them and, eventually, the cloud [23]. Without a hardware root of trust, the fog's software i.e., iFogsim infrastructures are vulnerable to various attack scenarios that provide hackers with a foothold.