# BUU-LSPINE: A Thai Open Lumbar Spine Dataset for Spondylolisthesis Detection
### Literature Review  
Most studies on spondylolisthesis rely on a private dataset, as seen in studies 1 to 6 in Table 1. Unfortunately, this approach makes comparing their results to others difficult. [PERSON] et al. [20] researched spondylolisthesis using a publicly available dataset. However, they had to synthesize the condition by manually displacing the vertebrae in X-ray images, as shown in Study 7 in Table 1. The only study with spondylolisthesis that publicly provides its dataset is from [PERSON] et al. [9], as shown in study 8 in Table 1. However, this dataset does not include verteb position, which is crucial information to locate the disease position and its severity. Moreover, some cases have various spondylolisthesis locations in one patient, so identifying disease locations is essential to determine multiple instances of spondylolisthesis in one image.  
While current public datasets for the human spine are great for detecting vertebrae, they do not include any ground truth for spinal diseases, like spondylolisthesis, as shown in studies 9 to 12 in Table 1. In contrast, our BUU-LSPINE dataset offers a comprehensive,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No** & **Study** & **Source** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Spondylolisthesis** \\ **Diagnosis** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Vertex** \\ **Position** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **LSTV Info** \\ **Position** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Patients** \\ \end{tabular} & **View(s)** \\ \hline
1. & [PERSON] et al. [6] & Private & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 150 & LA \\ \hline
2. & [PERSON] et al. [21] & Private & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 337 & AP, LA \\ \hline
3. & [PERSON] et al. [22] & Private & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 558 & LA \\ \hline
4. & [PERSON] et al. [8] & Private & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 600 & LA \\ \hline
5. & [PERSON] et al. [23] & Private & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 706 & LA \\ \hline
6. & [PERSON] et al. [7] & Private & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 1000 & LA \\ \hline
7. & [PERSON] et al. [20] & Public & \(\bigvee\) (synthesized) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 47 & LA \\ \hline
8. & [PERSON] et al. [9] & Public & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 338 & AP \\ \hline
9. & [PERSON] et al. [24] & Public & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 23 & 3D \\ \hline
10. & [PERSON] et al. [25] & Public & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 355 & 3D \\ \hline
11. & [PERSON] et al. [26] & Public & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 514 & LA \\ \hline
12. & [PERSON] et al. [18] & Public & \(\bigtimes\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigtimes\) & 1005 & 3D \\ \hline
13. & Our proposed dataset & Public & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) & \(\bigvee\) & 3600 & AP, LA \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Literature review for spinal detection algorithms.  
diverse, and suitable dataset for spondylolisthesis detection. It includes both vertebral position and spondylolisthesis diagnosis, as shown in study number 13 in Table 1. Furthermore, our dataset comprises more patients than the other studies, as shown in the column number of patients. Moreover, including LA view images in our dataset is crucial in spondylolisthesis studies. This significance is highlighted by the presence of LA view images in numerous spondylolisthesis studies listed in Table 1. The LA view is vital for spondylolisthesis studies due to the potential consequences of vertebral slippage on the sagittal plane, such as spinal canal compression and the risk of nerve damage [4].  
Our literature review identified a lack of publicly available datasets that include accurate vertebral positioning and a reliable spondylolisthesis ground truth. To address this gap, we created and published a public dataset with these ground truths, described in the next section.