esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methods
#### 2.3.3 Spatial Homogeneity in Correlation analysis  
The point-to-pixel analysis method is employed to match the series of heatwave metrics data, calculated based on \(T_{\text{air}}\), with the corresponding pixels of gridded LST data. Only pixels that have at least one available and used a ground-based gauge for the calculation are included [108; 109]. Given the extensive research area and the time required for retrieving daily MODIS data, a sampling design with a buffer zone at the confluence of the regular 5 km \(\times\) 5 km latitude and longitude grid is adopted for validating \(T_{\text{air}}\) and LST heatwaves. The use of available grids is because heatwaves may not occur at every grid, considering the restriction of three consecutive days exceeding the threshold temperature in the heatwave definition [30]. Therefore, this produces a total of 248 valid grids encompassing three provinces of study.  
To establish the spatial correlation between the pixel values of \(T_{\text{air}}\) and the corresponding pixels in the detected heatwave from the LST dataset, the pixel-wise correlation is determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient (\(r\)) throughout the research period.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Index** & **Abbreviation** & **Definition** & **Unit** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Heatwave number} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWN} & The total number of individual heatwaves detected occurs when temperatures exceed the 90 th percentile of a given temperature for at least three consecutive days & [95; 100; 101] \\  & & & \\ \hline Heatwave frequency & HWF & The total number of days that contribute to heatwaves & days & [95; 100; 101] \\ \hline Heatwave duration & HWD & The length in days of the longest heatwave & days & [95; 100; 101] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Heatwave magnitude} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWM} & The average of mean daily temperature throughout the duration of heatwave & \({}^{\circ}\)C & [95; 100; 101] \\  & & & \\ \hline Heatwave amplitude & HWA & The peak daily value in the hottest heatwave of the highest HWM & \({}^{\circ}\)C & [95; 100; 101] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Heatwaves indices used in the analysis.  
Furthermore, the spatial-temporal relationship between a meteorological station grid and the four nearest LST grids is determined using the median value of the four Pearson's \(r\) coefficients. Notably, the \(T_{\text{max}}\) is cross-validated with daytime LST (MOD11A1 (day) and MYD11A1 (day)), whereas the \(T_{\text{min}}\) is evaluated with nighttime LST (MOD11A1 (night) and MYD11A1 (night)). Spatial homogeneity in the correlation analysis can be defined as  
\[r=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-\bar{x})(y_{i}-\bar{y})}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(x_{ i}-\bar{x})^{2}}\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(y_{i}-\bar{y})^{2}}}, \tag{8}\]  
where \(r\) is the correlation coefficient, \(x_{i}\) is the values of the x-variable in a sample \(i\), \(\bar{x}\) is the mean of the values of the x-variable, \(y_{i}\) is the values of the y-variable in a sample \(i\), and \(\bar{y}\) is the mean of the values of the y-variable.
# Geophysical Monitoring of Leachate Injection in Pretreated Waste Landfill
## 5 Conclusions  
The main findings of the experimental activity, achieved on different scales, demonstrate the global positive effect of leachate recirculation on biogas quality. The reasons can be the forced transport of substrates and microbial population inside the waste and the increase of waste moisture suitable for the methanogenic process with a more homogeneous distribution in the landfill.  
Notwithstanding their biodegradability, some waste components have low moisture (i.e., paper and cardboard, with moisture around 10% by weight). They are degraded with difficulty if they are located in zones not reached from downward leachate flow. This feature is still more relevant for pretreated wastes that have the most moisture content of around 15% by weight.  
Moreover, a higher methane concentration in biogas has evident relevance in economic terms for energy exploitation. Therefore, on one side the leachate recirculation can represent a need to improve the biological degradation of disposed wastes, and on the other, it reflects the optimal approach for energy recovery from partial renewable resources in a sustainable way.  
The findings demonstrated that ERT is a method that can be efficiently used to monitor leachate distribution within the landfill, contributing to improving the knowledge about a landfill bioreactor and its management to enhance biogas generation by methane concentration and flow rate, thus improving energy recovery from waste.  
This study also demonstrated the need for a multidisciplinary approach to face issues linked to biogas production from waste and energy recovery, especially to monitor processes at a large scale, in systems where the operative conditions are not well defined and known.  
At present, some features are still open and need further studies; these should be carried out directly in landfill, when feasible, to get real-scale data that are better representatives of specific situations.  
All the findings have relevance in terms of environmental impacts (shortened impact due to landfill biogas generation and collection) and economic ones (shortened management of biogas extraction and exploitation).  
Conceptualization, A.G. and F.C.; methodology, A.G. and F.C.; software, A.G.; validation, A.G. and F.C.; data curation, A.G. and F.C.; writing--original draft preparation, A.G. and F.C.; writing--review and editing, A.G. and F.C.; supervision, A.G and F.C.; project administration, A.G. and F.C.; funding acquisition, A.G. and F.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Program Life+ 2009 \"Full scale use of liquid injection, for innovative control of waste moisture to enhance biogas production in pretreated waste landfill\" (LIFE09-ENV/IT/000101).  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors
Additionally, MSP sensors were employed in the IC application (6%), acknowledging the necessity of multispectral data for calculating VIs, which play a vital role in the cultivar classification process [18]. Conversely, the HMDD application distinguished itself by employing HSP sensors (3%), as disease detection often benefits from the application of this sensor type [19]. The adoption of HSP sensors on UAVs for disease detection is driven by their ability to capture detailed spectral information across a wide range of wavelengths. This capability enables early and precise disease identification in plants, detecting spectral changes before visible symptoms manifest, thereby facilitating targeted and efficient disease management [20; 21; 22] (Figure 7b). The effective synergy between platforms and sensors depends on a deep understanding of the intricacies of the targeted RS applications. This discerning selection process not only ensures the acquisition of relevant and high-fidelity data, but also increases the efficiency of RS methods in addressing the unique challenges of different applications.
## 3 Finite Element Simulation
### FEM Results
#### 3.2.2 FEM Results of a Circular Flat Bottom Hole  
In this paper, the wavelength of the A0 mode is 7.775 mm. Therefore, the window radius (\(D_{x}/2\)) should be larger than 7.775 mm. It is assumed that the window radius is 8 mm. The average wavenumber can be obtained using Equation (12). Figure 8 shows the acquisition of the average wavenumber for Case 1. The frequency interval is 15 kHz. It can be seen that the average wavenumber contributes to improve the test quality at the scanning boundary by comparing Figure 8d,h. Moreover, lower image noise is seen in the image when the average wavenumber is adopted.  
Figure 7: Mode separation based on the spatial-wavenumber filtering technique. (**a**) Wavenumber spectrum for the pristine plate; (**b**) wavenumber spectrum for the damaged plate; (**c**) high-pass filter in the wavenumber domain; (**d**) filtered wavenumber spectrum. White circles are theoretical wavenumber curves for the S0 and A0 modes.  
In fact, the best test result is not always obtained under the condition in which the window radius is equal to the wavelength. It is meaningful to analyze the test results under various window radii in order to find the optimum size. The test results shown in Figure 9 indicate that the damage region characterized by the proposed approach will expand as the window radius increases. Meanwhile, the maximum wavenumber attained under the various radii will decrease as the window radius increases, which is shown in Figure 10. It is only the window radius of 8 mm that can make the identified damage region.  
Figure 8: The acquisition of average wavenumber for Case 1. (**a**) Wavenumber distribution obtained at f = 155 kHz; (**b**) wavenumber distribution obtained at f = 170 kHz; (**c**) wavenumber distribution obtained at f = 185 kHz; (**d**) wavenumber distribution obtained at f = 200 kHz; (**e**) wavenumber distribution obtained at f = 215 kHz; (**f**) wavenumber distribution obtained at f = 230 kHz; (**g**) wavenumber distribution obtained at f = 245 kHz; (**h**) average wavenumber distribution.  
region match well with its actual size. Therefore, 8 mm is the optimum size. All of the test results were obtained under this condition.  
Figure 10: The maximum wavenumber obtained under various window radii. The central frequency of the excitation signal is 200 kHz.  
Figure 9: The test results obtained under various window radii. (**a**) 8 mm; (**b**) 9 mm; (**c**) 10 mm; (**d**) 11 mm; (**e**) 12 mm; (**f**) 13 mm. The white circle represents the actual location of the damage. The central frequency of the excitation signal is 200 kHz.
# Design of Tracking, Telemetry, Command (TT&C) and Data Transmission Integrated Signal in TDD Mode
## 2 The Modulation System for the BOCcos and APSK Integrated Signal
### The Concept of Modulation and Demodulation  
The design and implementation scheme of the BOCcos and 16 APSK integrated signal system is shown in Figure 2. In the transmission link, the TT&C and data transmission service signals are generated by the BOCcos baseband signal and 16 APSK baseband signal, respectively. Then, the two baseband signals are modulated to 44.96 MHz as a digital IF signal. After that, the system generates a 44.96 MHz analog IF signal through the digital-to-analog converter (DAC). In the radio frequency (RF) transmission channel, the signal is up to the RF, which is filtered and power-amplified. Then, it transmits the signal to the antenna. In addition, the data transmission signal power can be kept 10-30 dB higher than the TT&C signal. A more detailed analysis will be carried out in Section 5.2.  
In the receiving link, when the signal is received by the antenna, the RF signal is downconverted to 44.96 MHz in the RF channel. Then, the digital IF signal is generated by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In addition, the BOCcos signal in the IF is acquired and tracked. The tracking results can eliminate the Doppler signal to ensure the demodulation of 16 APSK.  
Figure 1: The characteristics of the BOCcos(30,5) and 16 APSK integrated signal. (**a**) The constellation of 16 APSK (**b**) The spectrum of BOCcos(30,5) at the baseband (**c**) The spectrum of BOC(30,5)cos and 16 APSK at the IF.
## 2 Literature Review
For the CRP, relocating operations occur when the container pickup orders do not match their stacking sequence. As a manager, the terminal should not passively deal with the pickup sequence according to the ETs' arrival order but should proactively coordinate the ETs' pickup sequence to conform to the containers' stacking sequence to minimize the number of rehandles [4]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [39] first proposed an embryo of the Batch Optimization method, in which a batch of ETs has arrived, and their pickup service orders are adjustable. Nevertheless, they only apply this method to the first batch to avoid prolonging the other ETs' waiting time. [PERSON] et al. [3] proposed a rehandling model that considered adjustments to the container pickup order within each group to minimize the number of rehandles. They grouped the ETs according to the appointment time slots in the TAS. [PERSON] et al. [2] proposed a flexible service policy for the SCRP, which assumes all the ETs corresponding to the containers of each batch arrived in advance and dictates the retrieval orders of the current batch's import containers to minimize the number of relocations. **The novelty of this work. ** A review of the literature indicates that few studies have focused only on optimizing the real-time operation scenario during import container pickup operations rather than the whole retrieval process. Considering the importance of pickup operations' efficiency to the yard's efficiency, it is necessary to find a practical and effective way to solve this problem. This paper attempts to fill this gap by focusing only on the optimization of the real-time operation round for a batch of target containers. [PERSON] et al. [3] and [PERSON] et al. [2] are closer to the optimization objective of this paper. They assume the simultaneous arrival of ETs within the same reservation time windows and allow the ETs' retrieval sequence to be adjustable, aiming to optimize the pickup operation process for all target containers. However, their approach does not really reduce the problem size, and it is still difficult to solve the larger instances. In this paper, we only optimize one operation round, a part of the whole retrieval process of import containers, i.e., the real-time operation round, which effectively reduces the scale of the solution process, which allows for the adjustment of the pickup sequence and iterates all the available pickup sequences and effectively improves the solution quality.
# Determinants of Memory Encoding of Altruistic Messages: M-Delphi and F-DEMATEL Approach
## 1 Introduction
Most prior studies have dwelled mainly on behavior as an indicator of the internalization of messages and the adoption of new perspectives on given issues [15; 16]. However, individuals' acceptance of information and resultant changes in perspectives are not evidenced solely by behavior. Other cognitive processes, such as memory encoding, also demonstrate the retainment of messages [17]. This study, therefore, draws from social cognitive theory to explore the environmental and personal factors that could be associated with the memory encoding of altruistic communications. Against this backdrop, this research addressed two research questions: (1) What factors should be considered in the communication of altruistic values to ensure that the messages are anchored by audiences? (2) What are the interrelationships among the factors? This study has two primary objectives. First, it examines the determinants of memory encoding in altruistic communication. Secondly, the study examines the interrelationships among the factors associated with altruism. This study makes several contributions to communication literature. First, it highlights the factors that should be considered when crafting messages about altruism. Prior research has only focused on other forms of non-profit organizations' communication, such as policy advocacy, social activism, and the promotion of citizen engagement [4; 5; 6]. The study provides a clearer understanding of how non-profit organizations can communicate altruism effectively. Secondly, the study demonstrates how non-profit organizations can communicate effectively through media technologies such as television. Prior research has not indicated how mass media communication can be effectively conducted such that messages are memory encoded by audiences, considering the increasing difficulty of ensuring that media messages are remembered by audiences [18]. Third, the study provides a multidimensional view of the determinants of effective communication by non-profit organizations, an approach that has widely been ignored by prior studies [11; 12; 13]. The study also provides managerial considerations for altruistic communication. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: the literature review is presented after the introduction. The methodology and results are presented, followed by discussion and conclusions. The literature review provides a review of relevant studies related to this study's topics. The methodology section describes the tools and procedures utilized in this study, the discussion section lays down a discussion of the results, and the conclusion, limitations, and future directions section presents the ending of the paper, its weaknesses, and areas that future studies could address.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Analytical Tests
#### 2.3.2 Determination of Total Flavonoid Content
Samples were analyzed in triplicate. Determination of Antioxidant Capacity by Electrochemical Method  
The antioxidant capacity (AAox) determination of the CP extracts was also performed by CV as previously reported [16; 43] with some modifications. Measures were carried outby screen-printed sensors [44] purchased by GSI Technologies (Burr Ridge, IL, USA), consisting of a 4 mm carbon working electrode (WE), an Ag/AgCl pseudo reference electrode (RE), and a carbon auxiliary electrode (AE). Currents were recorded by Quadstat, a commercial four-channel potentiostat (eDaQ Quadstat, e-Corder 410 and Echem software 2.1.0., eDAQ Europe Poland, Warsaw Poland). Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were performed from \(-\)0.2 V to +0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl pseudo-RE) at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s. A first aliquot of 70 uL, containing only PBS (used as a supporting electrolyte), was deposited on the screen-printed WE with a graduated micropipette in order to obtain a baseline. Once the baseline current was recorded, the PBS drop was dried with absorbent paper without touching the surface of the sensor, and 70 uL aliquot of 2 mg mL\({}^{-1}\) CP extract solution was deposited on the sensor surface, thus obtaining the corresponding CV pattern (the experiment was performed in triplicate). In order to provide a quantitative comparison among the CV patterns of extracts of different origin, the voltammograms were integrated and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated at +0.5 V and +0.8 V and expressed in microcoulombs (uC). In accordance with previous studies [16], the redox potential of +0.5 V is used as a threshold to detect the antioxidant activity of chestnut extracts, while +0.8 V as a measure of TP. As already reported [45], oxidation potentials higher than +0.5 V refer to polyphenols with low reducing power which, in this work, were not accounted as antioxidants.
# Frequency-Separated Attention Network for Image Super-Resolution
## 4 Experiments
### Comparison with State-of-the-Art Methods
#### 4.3.2 Analysis of Model Comparisons  
As illustrated in Figure 12a, we compared the super-resolution performance and parameter count of our FSANet at a magnification factor of \(\times 2\) with existing models, namely, VDSR [6], HDRN [48], CARN [49], IMDN [50], RDN [16], and EDSR [12]. Our network performs comparably to EDSR [12] and RDN [16], yet it requires significantly fewer parameters than EDSR [12] and slightly fewer than RDN [16].
# The Long and Winding Road to Cardiac Regeneration
## 4 Biomaterials
### Natural Biomaterials
#### 4.2.1 Collagen  
Collagen has a rich history and plays a significant role in cardiac tissue engineering [226]. It is a protein found abundantly in the human body and serves as a structural component of various tissues.  
Collagen possesses unique physical features that make it an ideal material for cardiac applications. It exhibits high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent mechanical properties. These characteristics allow collagen to provide structural support and create a favorable microenvironment for cells [227; 228].  
Collagen promotes cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation interacting with cell surface receptors and facilitating cellular signaling, influencing cell behavior and tissue regeneration processes [229].  
Collagen-based materials have been widely explored in cardiac tissue engineering, particularly in the form of patches and injectables. Collagen patches can be applied directly to damaged myocardium, providing mechanical reinforcement, and promoting tissue repair. Injectable collagen, in the form of hydrogels, can be used to deliver cells, growth factors, or drugs to specific areas of the heart, enhancing tissue regeneration and therapeutic outcomes [230; 231].  
Numerous studies have focused on collagen-based patches and injectables in cardiac tissue engineering. These studies have demonstrated the ability of collagen-based materials to improve cardiac function, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue regeneration. They have shown promise in treating conditions such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, paving the way for potential clinical applications [232; 233].
# Transpiler-Based Architecture Design Model for Back-End Layers in Software Development
## 3 Transpiler-Based Design Model for Back-End Layers
### Relationship with Other Architecture Designs
#### 3.7.1 Soa  
The proposed design based on transpilers can be used in conjunction with the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) pattern to enable the development of service-oriented systems. SOA is an architectural style that emphasizes the use of services to support the requirements of business processes. The transpilation process can be used to generate service implementations for each back-end technology, while front-end developers can use the generated proxies to consume services [5].  
To apply the proposed design to SOA, the system must be divided into service components that encapsulate the business logic of the system. These components can be deployed in different back-end technologies using the transpiler and nest implementation approaches. The front-end layer can then access these services using the generated proxies, which abstract the differences between back-end technologies.  
The use of a transpilation-based architectural pattern can help to improve the interoperability of services by reducing dependence on specific technologies. Together with the proposed design, SOA can help to enable the development of loosely coupled modular systems in which services can be updated and replaced independently.