## 5 Conclusions  
The research location for this paper is the Zhaogu Mining Area in Huixian City, Henan Province. This study utilizes Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology along with multi-source remote sensing imageries to determine the extent and depth of subsidence in the research region between 2017 and 2021. Additionally, this research uses the SSRN model to identify changes in land use information inside the subsidence area. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is created on the basis of the modified G1 method to assess the extent of land damage in subsidence areas. The evaluation results led to the proposal of a suitable subsidence area management model, which would offer the necessary theoretical basis and data support for managing the subsidence area in the Zhaogu Mining Area. The following are the conclusions:1. The extent of the collapse in the Zhaogu Mining Area is 1880.99 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\), with the largest amount of collapse measuring 417.77 cm. The collapse area in Zhaogu No. 1 Mine covers 1294.04 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\), while the collapse area in Zhaogu No. 2 Mine spans 586.95 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\). Hence, the extent of the collapse at Zhaogu No. 1 Mine is more severe compared to Zhaogu No. 2 Mine. Zhaogu No. 1 Mine represents 62.5% of the Level I collapse level, whereas Zhaogu No. 2 Mine represents 37.5%. The Level II subsidence rate is 81.01% in Zhaogu No. 1 Mine and 18.99% in Zhaogu No. 2 Mine. The subsidence rate in Zhaogu No. 1 Mine is 85.04% at Level III, while in Zhaogu No. 2 Mine, it is 14.96%. The collapse at Level IV of the Zhaogu No. 1 mine was responsible for 46.39% of the total, while the remaining 53.61% can be attributed to the collapse at Level II of the mine. 2. Between 2017 and 2021, the subsidence area experienced the greatest impact on cultivated land. The cultivated land area of Zhaogu No. 1 Mine and Zhaogu No. 2 Mine has been decreasing significantly. The reduced cultivated land has mostly been converted into water areas and idle land. The subsidence water area of Zhaogu No. 2 Mine is larger than that of Zhaogu No. 1 Mine, and the idle land area within the subsidence area is smaller than that of Zhaogu No. 1 Mine. The subsidence water area in the Zhaogu No. 5 collapse basin is larger, the groundwater level is higher, and the accumulation water area is deeper. 3. The land damage in areas affected by subsidence is categorized into three levels: mild, moderate, and severe damage. The water area in the subsidence area constituted 41.65% of the total subsidence area, while the minor damage area accounted for 23.27%, the moderate damage area accounted for 31.89%, and the severe damage area accounted for 3.19%. The outcome of the full treatment program for the subsidence area is as follows: The relocated village covers an area of 72.11 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\). The restoration of the road requires an area of 39.83 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\). There is a total of 1178.75 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\) of arable land that can be reclaimed. Additionally, 74.68 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\) can be reclaimed as forest land. The subsidence water area covers 783.36 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\). After reclamation, the water utilization area is 516.36 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\), which includes 130.51 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\) in the integrated aquaculture area, 144.27 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\) in the eco-tourism area, 96.27 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\) in the fish and lotus joint zone, and 145.31 \(\rm{hm}^{2}\) in the fishing-photovoltaic park area. Conceptualization, J.P. and Z.W. ; methodology, J.P. and Z.W. ; software, J.P.; validation, Z.W. and J.P.; formal analysis, S.W. ; investigation, J.P.; resources, J.P.; data curation, J.P.; writing--original draft preparation, J.P. and Z.W. ; writing--review and editing, S.W. ; visualization, J.P.; supervision, S.W. ; project administration, S.W. ; funding acquisition, S.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the State Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Key projects of joint fund for regional innovation and development (U22A20620, U21A20108).