## 2 Materials and Methods
### Study Areas
#### 2.1.1 Distrito Tec, Monterrey, Mexico  
The Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA), located in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, is comprised of 18 municipalities [16]. According to the National Statistics and Geography Institute (INEGI, by its acronym in Spanish), the MMA had 5,341,177 inhabitants sprawling across a 7657 km\({}^{2}\) area in 2015.  
The entire state of Nuevo Leon is characterized by concentrations of important and large-scale industrial facilities; 24% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from the state comes from industry. Nuevo Leon also distinguishes itself by being one of the wealthiest states in the country, reaching a GDP per capita of USD 18,912, which is 88% higher than the national median [17].  
The MMA has been identified as the second-most-polluted city in Latin America and is the ninth-most-polluted city in the world [18]. These levels of pollution are strongly related to the industrial activities located in the city, but also to the city's dependency on motorized vehicles (see Figure 1).  
The weather in the MMA can be very extreme; temperatures during the summer typically surpass 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, making it unpleasant for people to walk or bike as modes of transportation.  
With a density of 698 people per square kilometer, the MMA reflects the urban structure of a sprawling city that is vehicle-oriented [19]. As a result, sustainable transport modes such as public transport and micromobility have lacked investment and expansion, contributing to marginalization and access disparities among the population [18].  
Historically, housing in the MMA takes two different forms: formal and informal [20]. Formal housing plans usually create monofunctional, single-family, gated-communities in the suburbs of the city, whereas informal housing is mostly irregular urban settlements in the city center and suburban areas created by migrant groups and communities displaced by gentrification. The inner city has become less populated, despite being the historic center of the city and being home to most services and economic opportunities.  
The Distrito Tec is a project led by the Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey university (Spanish acronym: ITESM) in collaboration with the local community and authorities. Its objective is to improve the urban environment in the vicinity of the university campus [21]. The project is considered one of the City Improvement Districts (CIDs) of Monterrey; it promotes urban regeneration and sustainability, as well as citizen engagement and participation in urban projects.  
Distrito Tec is located in southern Monterrey in a central area of the MMA. Its area of 4.52 square kilometers has 26,333 inhabitants and comprises 24 neighborhoods surrounding the university (see Figure 2) [21].  
As an urban campus, Distrito Tec has a high demand of services not just from the local population, but from the university's students, professors, and workers. As a result, Distrito Tec is a dynamic economic environment with a high density of commerce and services.  
As in many central areas in the city, Distrito Tec's neighborhoods are very heterogeneous. They mix different socioeconomic groups and housing typologies. In terms of land-use, certain areas are mainly monofunctional, whilst others are characterized by having many services and commerce.