## 3 Results and Discussion  
### XRD and EDS Analysis  
The XRD diffractograms of the as-built IN718 main sample revealed the presence of \(\gamma\), \(\gamma^{\prime}\) and \(\gamma^{\prime\prime}\) phases over the 20 = 35-100 as shown in Figure 4. The \(\delta\) and MC-type carbide phases were not detected in the XRD patterns as [PERSON] et al. [64] showed the volume ratio of these phases in as-fabricated IN718 samples are minor and nondetectable with commercially available XRD instruments. As it is represented some of the peaks (\(\gamma\), \(\gamma^{\prime}\), \(\gamma^{\prime\prime}\) (220) and \(\gamma\), \(\gamma^{\prime}\) (311)/ \(\gamma^{\prime\prime}\) (033)) are asymmetric, which is also reported in the literature [65]. This observation can be attributed to two mechanisms: the dislocation distributions resulting in elastic strains [66; 67] and variation in lattice parameters due to the compositional gradients in the microstructure of the samples [65]. However, more investigation is needed to explore this phenomenon, which is beyond the focus and goal of this study. In all the seven samples, the \(\gamma\), \(\gamma^{\prime}\) (111)/\(\gamma^{\prime\prime}\) (112) phases make up the dominant peak. Three phases of \(\gamma^{\prime\prime}\) Ni3 Nb with a D022 ordered body-centered tetragonal (bct) crystal structure, \(\gamma^{\prime}\) Ni3(Al, Ti) with a L12 ordered face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure and \(\gamma\) (Ni-Cr-Fe-C) in a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure was detected for the main peak. The \(\gamma^{\prime}\) and \(\gamma^{\prime\prime}\) are two main secondary phases known as the precipitation hardening phases of IN718 [68]. The next dominant peak was \(\gamma\), \(\gamma^{\prime}\), \(\gamma^{\prime\prime}\) (200) where overlapping of peaks exhibits the formation of precipitates parallel to the building direction which is one of the features of LPBF parts [35; 64; 69]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**Symbol** & **Definition** & **Values** \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Indirect cost} \\ \(\dot{C}_{air}\) & The cost rate of the compressed air & 0.00 (USD/hour) \\ \hline \(\dot{C}_{Argon}\) & The cost rate of Argon gas & 14.77 (USD/hour) \\ \hline \(\dot{C}_{filter}\) & The cost rate of the filters & 0.56 (USD/hour) \\ \hline \(\dot{C}_{blade}\) & The cost rate of the blade & 1.65 (USD/hour) \\ \hline \(C_{machine}\) & The capital investment of the AM machine & 125,941.71 (USD) \\ \hline \(N_{machine}\) & The useful life of the AM machine & 7 (year) \\ \hline \(C_{occupancy}\) & The occupancy cost rate of the AM machine & 3616.04 (USD/year) \\ \hline \(C_{Maintenance}\) & The yearly maintenance cost of the AM machine & 30769.23 (USD/year) \\ \hline \(M\) & The yearly utilization capability of the AM machine & 4000.00 (hour/year) \\ \hline \(E_{build}\) & The total energy consumption per build & 2.40 (kW) \\ \hline \(P_{energy}\) & The electricity price & 0.10 (USD/kWh) \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Fixed cost} \\ \(C_{setup}\) & The labor hourly salary & 30.77 (USD/hour) \\ \hline \(t_{setup}\) & The machine setup time for each build & 3 (hour) \\ \hline \(C_{platform}\) & The cost of the build platform & 275.00 (USD) \\ \hline \(N_{use}\) & The maximum number of uses of the build platform & 20 \\ \hline \(C_{Refinishing}\) & The refinishing cost of the build platform & 38.46 (USD) \\ \hline \(P_{raw\ material}\) & The density of the raw material & 8150.00 (g/mm3) \\ \hline \(r_{loss}\) & The material loss rate & 20.00\% \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Direct raw material cost} \\ \(P_{raw\ material}\) & The purchase cost of the raw material & 0.13 (USD/g) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: List of parameters’ values used in the cost calculation.