# Current Trends in Orthognathic Surgery in Poland--A Retrospective Analysis of 124 Cases
## 4 Results
Statistical differences in the surgical treatment of skeletal Class II and III were found in correlation with one jaw and two jaw surgeries (<0.001). For skeletal Class II, one jaw surgeries were significantly more frequent than in the treatment of skeletal Class III (67.5% vs. 36.2%; \(p=0.0023\)). For skeletal Class III, two jaw surgeries were performed significantly more often than in the group of patients with skeletal Class II (57.5% vs. 20.0%; \(p=0.0002\)). A detailed distribution of the type of surgery depending on the skeletal class is presented in Table 5 and Figure 7.  
The most common corrective osteotomy performed during surgery was the combination of Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy with sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible modo Obwegeser-Epker (42.7%). Le Fort I isolated osteotomy with segmentation was the least frequently performed  
The correlation between skeletal Class II and III and the type of osteotomy used during surgery (A to I) was analysed. A statistically significant relationship was found between skeletal Classes II and III and Types A, D and F of osteotomy (\(p<0.001\)). The result is shown in Figure 8. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Frequency**} \\ \cline{2-3}
**Type of Osteotomy** & \% & **n** \\ \hline A. Le Fort I & 16.9 & 21 \\ \hline B. Le Fort I + segmentation & 0.8 & 1 \\ \hline C. BSSO—Obweegeser–Dal Pont & 3.2 & 4 \\ \hline D. BSSO—Obweegeser–Epker & 24.2 & 30 \\ \hline E. BSSO—Obweegeser–Epker + geniolplasty & 1.6 & 2 \\ \hline F. Le Fort I + BSSO (Obweegeser–Epker) & 42.7 & 53 \\ \hline G. Le Fort I + BSSO (Obweegeser–Epker) + geniolplasty & 4.8 & 6 \\ \hline H. Le Fort I + segmentation + BSSO (Obweegeser–Epker) & 1.6 & 2 \\ \hline I. Geniolplasty & 4.0 & 5 \\ \hline Total & 100 & 124 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Distribution of osteotomy applied during surgery in the study group of patients. Figure 7: The number (percentage) of patients in the groups with different skeletal classes and types of surgical treatment, and the result of the chi-squared test. A—one jaw surgery, B—one jaw + geniolasty, C—bimaxillary surgery, D—bimaxillary surgery + geniolplasty, E—no jaw (genioplasty). The order of osteotomy performed in bimaxillary surgeries in the study group of patients (n = 61) was determined. In most cases, osteotomy was started with a surgery on the mandible (61.3%). No statistically significant correlation between skeletal Classes II and III and the order in which osteotomy was performed in bimaxillary surgeries was found (p = 0.727 > 0.05). The detailed results of the analysis are presented in Table 7.  
In the substantial majority of orthognathic surgeries, no adjunctive surgical procedures were performed (72.6%, n = 90). The most frequently performed adjunctive procedure was septoplasty (13.7%), and the smallest number of cases was recorded for skeletal anchorage assembly (0.8%). A detailed breakdown of adjunctive procedures in the study group is presented in Table 8.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Skeletal Groups and Other Skeletal Malol  
The relationship between performing adjunctive surgical procedures depending on the skeletal class and skeletal open bite was determined. The probability of performing adjunctive procedures for skeletal Classes II and III is very small (<0.001). The absence of adjunctive surgical procedures is significantly more frequent for skeletal Class II than skeletal Class III (92.5% vs. 65.0%; \(p=0.0025\)). A detailed breakdown of these correlations is presented in Table 9.  
The duration of a particular type of surgical treatment was determined in minutes. The longest orthognathic surgery was bimaxillary osteotomy with genioplasty (mean = 265 min). The shortest surgery was isolated genioplasty (mean = 96 min).