# Highly Adaptive Reconfigurable Receiver Front-End for 5G and Satellite Applications
###### Abstract  
The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) and beyond-5G wireless communication systems necessitates advanced transceiver architectures to support high data rates, spectrum efficiency, and energy-efficient designs. This paper presents a highly adaptive reconfigurable receiver front-end (HARRF) designed for 5G and satellite applications, integrating a switchable low noise amplifier (LNA) and a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch. The HARRF architecture supports both X-band (8-12 GHz) and K/Ka-band (23-28 GHz) operations, enabling seamless adaptation between radar, satellite communication, and millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G applications. The proposed receiver front-end employs a 0.15 \(\mu\)m pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) process, optimised through a three-stage cascaded LNA topology. A switched-tuned matching network is utilised to achieve reconfigurability between X-band and K/Ka-band. Performance evaluations indicate that the X-band LNA achieves a gain of 23-27 dB with a noise figure below 7 dB, whereas the K/Ka-band LNA provides 23-27 dB gain with a noise figure ranging from 2.3-2.6 dB. The SPDT switch exhibits low insertion loss and high isolation, ensuring minimal signal degradation across operational bands. Network analysis and scattering parameter extractions were conducted using advanced design system (ADS) simulations, demonstrating superior return loss, power efficiency, and impedance matching. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art designs shows that the proposed HARRF outperforms existing solutions in terms of reconfigurability, stability, and wideband operation. The results validate the feasibility of the proposed reconfigurable RF front-end in enabling efficient spectrum utilisation and energy-efficient transceiver systems for next-generation communication networks. reconfigurable receiver; HARRF; 5G; satellite communication; SPDT switch; low-noise amplifier +
Footnote †: journal: _technologies_  
_Article_  
Highly Adaptive Reconfigurable Satellite Applications  
M. M.  
such as autonomous vehicles, telemedicine, and high-throughput satellite communication links [4; 5; 6]. Beyond-5G research, moreover, points towards utilisation of wider bandwidths in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands and beyond, further increasing design complexity and performance demands. Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) have become essential for global connection, closing the digital divide and providing dependable communication in rural and underserved areas [7]. The amalgamation of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with terrestrial networks aims to ensure uninterrupted service and worldwide coverage, hence advancing the scope of wireless communication technologies [7]. This integration, however, presents considerable technological problems, especially with signal processing, adaptive resource allocation, and radio front-end architecture. Recent advancements in software-defined radio (SDR) architectures have been pivotal in overcoming these challenges by facilitating the flexible reconfiguration of transceivers to accommodate diverse channel conditions, network topologies, and regulatory constraints [8; 9]. Moreover, SDR-based solutions provide real-time spectrum detection, dynamic frequency selection, and cognitive radio capabilities, thereby improving spectral efficiency and reducing interference. Contemporary wireless systems increasingly require multi-band functionality, utilising many frequency bands to optimise coverage, capacity, and propagation attributes [10; 11; 12]. Lower frequency bands (under 6 GHz) offer broader coverage with less route losses, rendering them appropriate for broad-area connection. In contrast, mmWave bands (24-40 GHz and beyond) provide significantly elevated data speeds by using extensive, underexploited spectrum resources.