# Evaluation of Digital Piracy by Youths
## 5 Discussion  
The respondents interpret digital piracy through the lenses of the main perspectives presented in Figure 2. The seven perspectives were determined through the categorisation of the respondents' answers. The categories were identified by assigning common indicators to the nominal variables. Thus, as shown in the methodology section, each statement has been assigned to a category that can be seen as a nominal variable. The quantitative analysis of the data gathered shows that digital piracy is most often considered by the respondents in the following ways: ethical (18.03%), legal (11.49%), and economic (8.04%). The two dominant perspectives of digital piracy, namely moral and legal, constitute the subjective norms that influence intentional actions [47; 48; 49]. Properly shaped, these attitudes count among the factors that prevent adolescent people from exercising risk behaviours. Ethics and the awareness of the legal consequences of digital piracy influence the intention to reduce one's pirating activity [50]. However, it needs to be emphasized that ethics is a much more complex concept which should not be reduced to the phenomenon of piracy but also applied to the principles that influence the overall lifestyle of a person [51; 52]. In the context of preventive actions, developing reflexive thinking that affects moral conduct is one of the ways to change attitudes towards digital piracy [53]. However, there are groups of respondents that present a different view about the phenomenon analysed here. One group condemns this type of risk behaviour, while the other emphasizes that piracy is not ethically inappropriate due to the variation in the definitions of theft between the real and digital worlds [54]. Yet it needs to be pointed out  
Figure 2: Evaluation of piracy by adolescents—perspectives. that high moral standards are not enough to prevent adolescents from committing this type of risk behaviour [55; 56]. The respondents attach importance to the economic factors that determine their standard of living. These factors include spending on entertainment goods. In many narratives, adolescent Internet users notice that in their case, piracy results from insufficient financial resources. This is one of the arguments used to justify this risk behaviour and to suggest that adolescents who have a better financial situation are less likely to use files downloaded from the Internet. This is not a true correlation, as the ethical factor mentioned earlier is one of the intermediate variables for this type of risk behaviour [57]. The category of limited resources enabling the legal purchase of files is, however, one of the leading narratives in a certain group of countries. For example, the citizens of the post-Soviet block show much greater social acceptance of this type of risk behaviour [58]. This social acceptance, also present in the students' answers, depends not only on the legal solutions or economic situation but on the level of cultural development that affects people's attitude toward intellectual property [59]. The social acceptance recognised by the respondents is also connected with the level of knowledge their parents possess about the online risk behaviour of their children [60; 61]. The responses also point to a correlation between piracy and the technical aspects of this phenomenon. Incalculating positive patterns of behaviour is not the only way to reduce the scale of piracy. Also, the policy of digital content producers regarding anti-piracy measures should not go unrecognised [62]. Another important factor that reduces the impact of digital piracy are legal regulations [63]. The respondents point out that the scale of digital piracy decreases with the application of restrictive measures. This intuitive opinion is reflected in the research results that show that the scale of piracy is smaller in countries with well-developed and effective legal solutions in intellectual property protection [64].