## 3 Results and Discussion
### Post-Harvest Fruit Bioassays  
The application of yeast-based biocontrol agents demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing the spoilage of _B. cinerea_ in apples and strawberries, resulting in marked reductions in fruit decay (Figures 8 and 9). In apple trials, _S. pynralidae_ (Y63) effectively inhibited the growth of _B. cinerea_ strains B05.10, IWBT-FF1, and PPRI 30807 by 64%, 40%, and 25%, respectively (Figure 8). _Aureobasidium melanogaster_ displayed inhibitory activity against \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline
**VOCs** & _B. cinerea_ & _P. kluyveri_ & _P. kluyveri_ & _S. pynralidae_ & _S. pynralidae_ & _S. pynralidae_ \\  & & & & _and B. cinerea_ & & _and B. cinerea_ \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Average Area Ratio**} \\ Isobutanol & ND * & 0.006 & ND & 0.009 & 0.012 \\ Isoamyl acetate & ND & 2.489 & ND & 0.001 & 0.002 \\ Isoamyl alcohol & 0.006 & 0.136 & 0.040 & 0.140 & 0.135 \\
2-Phenethyl acetate & 0.004 & 3.207 & 1.325 & 0.002 & 0.004 \\
2-Phenylethylanol & 0.005 & 0.155 & 0.034 & 0.021 & 0.019 \\ \(\gamma\)-Decanolactone & ND & ND & ND & 0.008 & 0.003 \\ Methyl palmitate & 0.004 & 0.012 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
* ND-Not detected.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Major volatile compounds (VOCs) produced by _Pichia fluyveri_, _Suhonyces pynralidae_, and _Botrytis cinerea_ PPRI 30807, identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). these strains by 21%, 24%, and 26%, respectively, while _P. kluyveri_ achieved inhibition rates of 11%, 17%, and 16%, respectively. In comparison, the commercial fungicide Captan exhibited stronger inhibitory effects, reducing the growth of _B. cinerea_ B05.10, IWBT-FF1, and PPRI 30807 by 92%, 59%, and 17%, respectively. These findings align with prior studies. [PERSON] et al. [65] and [PERSON] et al. [46] reported the antagonistic properties of _Candida_ spp., such as _C. oleophila_ and _C. sake_, against _B. cinerea_ in various fruit contexts, consistent with the inhibitory effects observed for _S. pyralidae_ in this study. The activity of _A. melanogaster_ corroborates the findings of [PERSON] et al. [33], who demonstrated similar antagonistic effects of _Aureobasidium_ species in vivo. Furthermore, _P. kluyveri_'s inhibitory effects and the minimum concentration of 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{2}\) cells/mL required for inhibition by _P. kudriavzevii_ against _B. cinerea_ are consistent with [PERSON] et al. [31], who highlighted the antimicrobial properties of _Pichia_ spp. targeting _B. cinerea_. In strawberry trials, yeast strains and Captan demonstrated greater inhibition, particularly against _B. cinerea_ strains B05.10 and IWBT-FF1, compared to their performance in apples. The results indicate that the extent of inhibition is not solely dependent on the specific yeast or mould species but is also influenced by the type of fruit substrate. _Suhomyces pyralidae_ (Y63) achieved 100%, 65%, and 34% inhibition against _B. cinerea_ strains B05.10, IWBT-FF1, and PPRI 30807, respectively. Similarly, _A. melanogaster_ (Y6) exhibited 98%, 95%, and 19% antagonistic activity against the same strains. _Pichia kluyveri_ demonstrated 98%, 100%, and 10% inhibition of _B. cinerea_ strains B05.10, IWBT-FF1, and PPRI 30807, respectively. Captan, the commercial fungicide, exhibited 100%, 100%, and 23% inhibition against these strains. These findings align with previous studies. The strong inhibitory effects of _Aureobasidium_ spp., observed in this study, are consistent with the work of [PERSON] et al. [66; 67], who highlighted the antagonistic capabilities of _Aureobasidium_ species under in vivo conditions. The efficacy of _P. kluyveri_ supports the findings of [PERSON] et al. [48] and [PERSON] et al. [31], who demonstrated the potential of _Pichia_ spp. in suppressing _B. cinerea_. Furthermore, the high efficacy of Captan observed in this study is consistent with reports by [PERSON] et al. [65], who documented its effectiveness against _B. cinerea_ in apples.