# A New Multi-Physics Coupled Method for the Temperature Field of Dry Clutch Assembly
## 5 Conclusions  
1. To compromise the issues of long-term simulation and high model accuracy in clutch assembly temperature modeling, a numerical simulation method based on CFD simulation and decoupling theory is proposed. Firstly, the convection boundary conditions between the clutch assembly and the ambient air are determined using a fluid-thermal bidirectional coupling method for the sake of high precision. Subsequently, a thermal-solid multi-stage decoupling method is employed to achieve long-term simulation. Applying the approach, the temperature of the dry clutch assembly during the continuous engagement-disengagement process is measured. 2. During the continuous engagement-disengagement process, the distribution of contact between the friction surfaces of the clutch changed from the outer diameter area to the  
Figure 16: Temperature profiles of the simulation and the test for the last cycle at the points of (**a**) the inner diameter, (**b**) the middle diameter, and (**c**) the outer diameter, respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Conditions** & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Engagement + Synchronization Stage**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Disengagement Stage**} \\ \hline Monitoring Point & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Outer Diameter Point} & \\ \hline Time/s & 0.5 & 1.0 & 1.5 & 2.0 & 2.5 & 3.0 & 8.0 & 13.0 & 18.0 & 23.0 & 28.0 \\ Measured & 179.45 & 181.53 & 190.64 & 193.08 & 193.54 & 193.04 & 186.58 & 183.74 & 182.48 & 181.22 & 181.06 \\ Simulated & \multicolumn{6}{c}{} \\ Temperature/\({}^{\circ}\)C & 178.42 & 181.35 & 186.98 & 194.51 & 197.12 & 198.52 & 195.89 & 191.50 & 187.62 & 184.03 & 180.70 \\ Temperature & 1.03 & 0.18 & 3.66 & 1.43 & 3.58 & 5.48 & 9.31 & 7.76 & 5.14 & 2.81 & 0.36 \\ Deviation\% & 0.57 & 0.10 & 1.92 & 0.74 & 1.85 & 2.84 & 4.99 & 4.22 & 2.82 & 1.55 & 0.20 \\ \hline Monitoring Point & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Middle Diameter Point} & \\ \hline Measured & 247.53 & 267.7 & 332.89 & 349.76 & 351.36 & 345.98 & 295.91 & 275.67 & 263.44 & 256.41 & 250.36 \\ Simulated & \multicolumn{6}{c}{} \\ Temperature/\({}^{\circ}\)C & 248.01 & 268.77 & 332.00 & 349.88 & 350.55 & 339.96 & 293.93 & 273.60 & 261.21 & 251.71 & 243.67 \\ Temperature & \multicolumn{6}{c}{} \\ Difference/\({}^{\circ}\)C & 0.48 & 1.07 & 0.89 & 0.12 & 0.81 & 6.02 & 1.98 & 2.07 & 2.23 & 4.70 & 6.69 \\ Deviation\% & 0.19 & 0.40 & 0.27 & 0.03 & 0.23 & 1.74 & 0.67 & 0.75 & 0.85 & 1.83 & 2.67 \\ \hline Monitoring Point & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Inner Diameter Point} & \\ \hline Measured & \multicolumn{6}{c}{} \\ Temperature/\({}^{\circ}\)C & 229 & 230.01 & 237.43 & 242.55 & 244.61 & 246.25 & 243.67 & 238.78 & 237.55 & 234.41 & 234.75 \\ Simulated & \multicolumn{6}{c}{} \\ Temperature/\({}^{\circ}\)C & 229.89 & 232.09 & 235.24 & 240.06 & 241.84 & 242.90 & 244.04 & 243.18 & 241.33 & 238.72 & 235.58 \\ Temperature Difference/\({}^{\circ}\)C & 0.89 & 2.08 & 2.19 & 2.49 & 2.77 & 3.35 & 0.37 & 4.4 & 3.78 & 4.31 & 0.83 \\ Deviation\% & 0.39 & 0.90 & 0.92 & 1.03 & 1.13 & 1.36 & 0.15 & 1.84 & 1.59 & 1.84 & 0.35 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparison of the simulated and test temperature data for the final engagement. middle diameter area of the surfaces, which in turn affects the temperature distribution on the friction surface. With the continuous engagement-disengagement cycles increasing, the initial concave state of the pressure plate surface transitions to a convex state, resulting in significant deformation and warpage of the pressure plate's outer diameter. 3. The contact pressure, thermal conductivity, and thermal deformation of the pressure plate are coupled to each other. Using the approach proposed, the temperature of the model agrees well with that of the rig test at the outer, middle, and inner diameters of the pressure plate. The average deviations in the last cycle (45 th cycle) of the engagement process are 1.98%, 0.88%, and 1.05% for the outer, middle, and inner diameters, respectively.