## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Osteopaths Treating People with Sports-Related Injury**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Not-Often**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Often**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**n = 489**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**n = 501**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\ \hline Foot musculoskeletal disorders & 96 & (19.6) & 197 & (39.5) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Shoulder musculoskeletal disorders & 352 & (72.0) & 448 & (90.0) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Elbow musculoskeletal disorders & 72 & (14.8) & 178 & (35.8) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Wrist musculoskeletal disorders & 58 & (11.9) & 129 & (25.9) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Hand musculoskeletal disorders & 29 & (6.0) & 91 & (18.3) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Postural disorders & 295 & (60.3) & 380 & (76.3) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Degenerative spine conditions & 254 & (51.9) & 345 & (69.3) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Headache disorders & 425 & (86.9) & 465 & (93.2) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Migraine disorders & 152 & (31.1) & 247 & (49.6) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Spinal health maintenance or prevention & 187 & (38.3) & 271 & (54.4) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Chronic or persistent pain & 281 & (57.6) & 348 & (69.7) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Tendingopathies & 115 & (23.5) & 295 & (59.2) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Temporomandibular joint disorders & 71 & (14.5) & 111 & (22.3) & \textless{}0.002 \({}^{*}\) \\ Non-musculoskeletal disorder(s) & 65 & (13.4) & 60 & (12.1) & \textless{}0.548 \\ Treating the following patient subgroups & & & & \\ Children (4 to 18 years) & 96 & (19.6) & 173 & (34.5) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Older people (65 years or over) & 252 & (51.5) & 319 & (63.7) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ pregnant women & 125 & (25.6) & 219 & (43.7) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ People with work-related injuries & 104 & (21.3) & 255 & (50.9) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ People with traffic-related injuries & 28 & (5.7) & 113 & (22.6) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ People receiving post-surgical & 13 & (2.7) & 66 & (13.2) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ rehabilitation & & & & & \\ Non-English-speaking ethnic group(s) & 15 & (3.1) & 18 & (3.6) & \textless{}0.637 \\ Using the following techniques/management & & & & \\ (done often) \(n\) (\%) & 175 & (35.8) & 243 & (48.7) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Strain/Counterstrain & 367 & (75.1) & 419 & (83.8) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Muscle energy techniques & 367 & (75.1) & 419 & (83.8) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ High velocity low amplitude/Spinal & 264 & (54.0) & 367 & (73.4) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ manipulation & 149 & (30.5) & 244 & (48.9) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Peripheral joint manipulation & 396 & (81.0) & 451 & (90.2) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Soft tissue & 280 & (57.4) & 331 & (66.2) & \textless{}0.004 \({}^{*}\) \\ Myofascal release & 140 & (28.6) & 92 & (18.4) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Facilitated positional release & 73 & (15.0) & 93 & (18.6) & \textless{}0.129 \\ Needling techniques & 67 & (13.7) & 167 & (33.4) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Visceral techniques & 58 & (11.9) & 40 & (8.0) & \textless{}0.042 \({}^{*}\) \\ Lymphatic pump & 41 & (8.4) & 43 & (8.6) & \textless{}0.903 \\ Autonomic balancing & 82 & (16.8) & 75 & (15.0) & \textless{}0.438 \\ Biodynamic techniques & 86 & (17.6) & 68 & (13.6) & \textless{}0.084 \\ Functional techniques & 124 & (25.4) & 145 & (29.0) & \textless{}0.198 \\ Balanced ligamentous & 189 & (38.7) & 159 & (31.8) & \textless{}0.024 \({}^{*}\) \\ tension/Ligamentous articular strain & 308 & (63.0) & 425 & (85.2) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Exercise prescription & 7 & (1.4) & 17 & (3.4) & \textless{}0.045 \({}^{*}\) \\ Chapmas reflexes & 4 & (0.8) & 14 & (2.8) & \textless{}0.020 \({}^{*}\) \\ Diffavour therapy & 8 & (1.6) & 19 & (3.8) & \textless{}0.038 \({}^{*}\) \\ TENS or other electrotherapy & 5 & (1.0) & 14 & (2.8) & \textless{}0.042 \({}^{*}\) \\ Instrument-assisted soft tissue & 2 & (0.4) & 10 & (2.0) & \textless{}0.023 \({}^{*}\) \\ mobilisation & & & & & \\ Trigger point therapy & 88 & (18.0) & 170 & (34.0) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ Sports tapping & 20 & (4.1) & 102 & (20.4) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\)Statistically significant.  
\end{table}