## 6 Results and Discussion
### Comparison with Other Optimization Algorithms
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **BHHO\({}_{TV4}\)** & **BGSA** & **BPSO** & **BBA** & **BSSA** & **BWOA** \\ \hline Breastcancer & 0.9781 & **0.9855** & 0.9783 & 0.9698 & 0.9700 & 0.9783 \\ BreastEW & **0.9792** & 0.9643 & 0.9734 & 0.9380 & 0.9661 & 0.9763 \\ CongressEW & **1.0000** & 0.9663 & 0.9877 & 0.9280 & 0.9816 & 0.9774 \\ Exactly & **0.9998** & 0.7227 & 0.9892 & 0.6815 & 0.9827 & 0.9952 \\ Exactly2 & 0.7885 & 0.7908 & **0.8027** & 0.7313 & 0.7733 & 0.7465 \\ HeartEW & 0.9105 & 0.8488 & 0.9000 & 0.7864 & **0.9272** & 0.9037 \\ IonosphereEW & **0.9728** & 0.8507 & 0.9362 & 0.8681 & 0.9718 & 0.8681 \\ KrvskpEW & **0.9789** & 0.9182 & 0.9759 & 0.8267 & 0.9759 & 0.9749 \\ Lymphography & **0.9811** & 0.8220 & 0.8944 & 0.6867 & 0.9156 & 0.8933 \\ M-of-n & **1.0000** & 0.8815 & 0.9975 & 0.7665 & 0.9930 & 0.9993 \\ penglungEW & **1.0000** & 0.8832 & 0.9978 & 0.8867 & 0.9422 & 0.8044 \\ SonarEW & **0.9754** & 0.9397 & 0.9413 & 0.8468 & 0.9167 & 0.8714 \\ SpectEW & **0.9093** & 0.8265 & 0.8648 & 0.8222 & 0.9043 & 0.8482 \\ Tic-tac-toe & 0.8333 & 0.7941 & 0.8174 & 0.7024 & **0.9004** & 0.8594 \\ Vote & 0.9872 & 0.9294 & **1.0000** & 0.8800 & 0.9500 & 0.9683 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Comparison of BHHO\({}_{TV4}\) versus other optimizers in terms of average classification accuracy. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **BHHO\({}_{TV4}\)** & **BGSA** & **BPSO** & **BBA** & **BSSA** & **BWOA** \\ \hline WaveformEW & 0.7973 & 0.7753 & **0.8167** & 0.7196 & 0.8000 & 0.8102 \\ WineEW & **1.0000** & 0.9843 & 0.9963 & 0.9111 & 0.9926 & 0.9815 \\ Zoo & **1.0000** & 0.9683 & **1.0000** & 0.8334 & **1.0000** & 0.9889 \\ \hline Rank (F-Test) & **1.72** & 4.5 & 2.44 & 5.81 & 2.97 & 3.56 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **BGSA** & **BPSO** & **BBA** & **BSSA** & **BWOA** & **BHHOTV4** \\ \hline Breastcancer & 3.82E-09 & **5.70E-01** & **4.26E-01** & 3.33E-12 & **5.70E-01** & **1** \\ BreastEW & 1.15E-08 & 8.90E-04 & 2.45E-11 & 9.81E-10 & 1.78E-02 & **1** \\ CongressEW & 7.40E-13 & 2.50E-12 & 1.04E-12 & 4.17E-13 & 2.05E-13 & **1** \\ Exactly & 1.68E-12 & 3.98E-02 & 1.69E-12 & 1.02E-03 & 1.98E-02 & **1** \\ Exactly2 & **8.30E-02** & 6.83E-11 & 1.79E-11 & 6.39E-11 & 1.53E-11 & **1** \\ HeartEW & 7.29E-11 & 2.67E-03 & 2.22E-10 & 3.43E-03 & 7.95E-03 & **1** \\ IonosphereEW & 1.30E-11 & 5.60E-09 & 1.69E-11 & **2.22E-01** & 1.21E-11 & **1** \\ KrvskpEW & 5.80E-11 & **1.24E-01** & 2.88E-11 & 1.05E-03 & 3.31E-04 & **1** \\ Lymphography & 1.12E-11 & 2.27E-11 & 1.57E-11 & 2.87E-11 & 5.19E-12 & **1** \\ M-of-n & 1.19E-12 & **8.15E-02** & 1.20E-12 & 1.37E-03 & **8.15E-02** & **1** \\ penglungEW & 2.54E-13 & **3.34E-01** & 6.09E-13 & 1.97E-11 & 4.16E-14 & **1** \\ SonarEW & 1.83E-08 & 3.52E-07 & 1.24E-11 & 6.77E-12 & 6.77E-12 & **1** \\ SpectEW & 1.07E-12 & 1.56E-12 & 2.87E-12 & 3.15E-02 & 4.70E-13 & **1** \\ Tic-tac-toe & 1.17E-12 & 8.26E-13 & 1.17E-12 & 4.16E-14 & 1.69E-14 & **1** \\ Vote & 2.73E-12 & 1.47E-09 & 7.07E-12 & 4.23E-13 & 2.60E-10 & **1** \\ WaveformEW & 2.06E-08 & 7.16E-10 & 5.72E-11 & **2.60E-01** & 4.18E-08 & **1** \\ WineEW & 1.06E-05 & 4.18E-02 & 3.70E-12 & 2.70E-03 & 5.88E-08 & **1** \\ Zoo & 5.88E-08 & **NaN** & 4.48E-12 & **NaN** & 5.47E-03 & **1** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: The 2-tailed \(p\)-values of the [PERSON] signed ranks test for accuracy results reported in Table 7 (\(p\)-values \(\leq 0.05\) are significant).