# MBMQA: A Multicriteria-Aware Routing Approach for the IoT 5G Network Based on D2D Communication
## 2 Related Works
The EHARA scheme enhanced device lifetime, the network's QoS, and energy efficiency with various traffic loads for distributed heterogeneous IoT networks. Next, in [34], the authors investigated a Spectrum aware Energy-Efficient multi-hop multi-channel routing scheme for D2D communication in IoT mesh network (SpEED-IoT). They utilized a radio environment map (REM) in a multi-hop routing protocol which was able to discover the optimal route, the best channel among the devices and optimal power transmission for each hop. The proposed scheme deploys a selective flooding technique to minimize the route discovery flooding packets in the network that lead to energy consumption attenuation. In this paper, the authors suggested that the SpEED-IoT scheme maximized overall network data rate optimization performance and ensured fairness, unlike spectrum agnostic- or greedy-based route assignment. Moving on to the research conducted in [35], the authors proposed a Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol for mobile IoT networks (LOADng-IoT-Mob). The LOADng-IoT-Mob routing scheme allows the network device to track the position and manage the availability of neighboring devices through the harnessing of periodically controlled messages. Consequently, the devices select the best path by avoiding sending the data packets toward a broken path based on the received signal strength, leading to network enhancement and QoS stability. As a result, the LOADng-IoT-Mob approach has achieved a higher data rate, minimized delay, and improved energy efficiency in the mobile IoT network. On the other hand, the authors in [36] proposed an optimal routing approach based on the trusted connectivity probability (T-CP). Their main aim was to select the optimal route for multi-hop social-based D2D communications with decode-and-forward relaying in the 5G IoT. The authors introduced a rank-based trust model to measure the trust probability between two D2D devices. The results showed that the optimal route design in multi-hop D2D communications for 5G IoT applications is mainly based on the location of the base stations. This can be illustrated in the situation where there is a random location of the base station, and the CP-based metric selects the optimal path between the source and destination devices. With respect to the research in [37], the authors studied the mobile user relay selection mechanism to achieve the optimal expected delivery ratio and two-hop delay in the narrowband Internet of Things system with D2D communication. The dynamic programming-based technique is used to handle the optimization problems and obtain the optimal working schedule of the relays. The results proved that the proposed scheme enhanced system performance in comparison with the other state-of-the-art algorithms. In [38], the authors proposed a multi-antenna transceiver design and multi-hop D2D communication to provide efficient data transmission and escalate the UAV coverage for the IoT in disaster scenarios. In general scenarios, network coverage of a single UAV is limited due to constrained transmission power; in their study, multi-hop D2D links were leveraged to increase UAV coverage effectively. The shortest path optimal routing was established with the minimum number of devices in the path. The closed-form solutions of the number of hops and the outage probability were used for the uplink and downlink. The proposed scheme significantly improved the network throughput and outage probability and guaranteed the QoS for UAV wireless coverage of the IoT in disaster scenarios. In article [39], a novel Local Voting distributed node scheduling algorithm was proposed. This algorithm tried to semi-equalize the load (defined as the ratio of the queue length over the number of allocated slots) through slot reallocation based on local information exchange. The algorithm stems from the finding that the shortest delivery time or delay is obtained when the load is semi-equalized throughout the network.