# Decoding Urban Intelligence: Clustering and Feature Importance in Smart Cities
## Experiments
### Som  
The performance evaluation of the SOM model is denoted by Table 8. While the silhouette score points to moderate clustering quality, both the Davies-Bouldin index and Calinski-Harabasz index suggest that the clusters are well separated and compact, indicating that the model is performing at a good level. There is room for refinement, but overall, the clustering is reasonably effective. Cluster Analysis  
The SOM plot in Figure 6 for clustering smart cities exhibits overlapping clusters (a summary is provided by Table 9). This scenario may arise because of the variability in the dataset (cities that are similar in some indices but different in others might appear in overlapping regions). The presence of Aalborg, Paris, Washington DC, Edmonton, Oulu, and Berlin in two overlapping clusters can be attributed to their diverse and multifaceted characteristics. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c} \hline \hline
**Cluster** & **Smart Cities** \\ \hline Cluster 2 & Los Angeles, Berlin, New York, Chicago, Taipei, Philadelphia, Sydney, \\  & London, Adelaide, Melbourne, \\  & Tokyo, Perth, Auckland, Osaka, Madrid, Daejeon, Seoul \\ Cluster 3 & Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Budapest, Hong Kong, Prague, Shanghai, Kuala Lumpur, \\  & Moscow, Beijing, St Petersburg \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._  
Figure 5: Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering of smart city indices. The cities in Cluster 0 include cities that are located primarily in Asia and Oceania, with strong economic growth and significant investments in urban infrastructure. They are characterized by large populations and rapid technological advancements. Cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Taipei are major innovation hubs in smart technology and urban mobility, while Melbourne, Perth, and Auckland are known for their high living standards and focus on smart city initiatives. Collectively, these cities are distinguished by robust public transportation systems, growing urban populations, and sustainability-oriented urban planning. The cities in Cluster 1 include numerous cities from Europe and the United States. These cities are economic powerhouses, with strong urban infrastructure and significant investments in smart city initiatives. Major financial and business centers such as London, Geneva, Frankfurt, and San Francisco lead in innovation-driven policies and advanced transportation networks. At the same time, historical cities like Rome, Milan, and Florence are balancing the preservation of cultural heritage with modern smart city initiatives. This cluster also includes smaller European cities, such as Ljubljana, Catania, and Bari, which are focused on improving smart mobility and environmental initiatives. Overall, the cities in this cluster emphasize sustainability, smart governance, and integrating technological growth with cultural preservation. Cluster 2 includes cities such as Madrid, Abu Dhabi, Seoul, Dubai, Budapest, and several major Asian and Eastern European metropolises. These cities are known for rapid urbanization and cutting-edge technological advancements. Places like Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong, and Seoul lead in urban mobility, high-speed internet infrastructure, and automation. Meanwhile, Dubai and Abu Dhabi stand out in the Middle East for their modern infrastructure and transformation into global technology hubs. Eastern European cities like Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Budapest have embraced large-scale smart city initiatives to enhance public services, transportation, and sustainability. The commonality  
Figure 6: Self-organizing map (SOM) clustering of smart city indices with convex hulls. among these cities is their rapid population growth, heavy investment in smart technology, and focus on integrating these advancements into urban planning. In Cluster 3, we find cities like Oslo, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Montreal, Vienna, Singapore, and many more from North America and Europe. These cities are recognized leaders in smart governance, quality of life, sustainability, and innovation.