# Routing Protocols Performance on 6 LoWPAN IoT Networks
## 3 Methodology  
Simulators have presented a reasonably effective substitute in setting up and experimenting with real-time networks and creating network protocols [9]. The simulation parameters need to be taken into consideration where it will be affecting the outcomes. This study implements a simulation approach to simulate the routing protocol using various settings, i.e., number of motes, mote positioning, and transmission range to obtain meaningful insight into the routing protocols' performances. We utilized Cooja for this purpose.  
Unit Disk Graph Medium (UDGM), which is a radio propagation model, is selected because it is more prevalent in Cooja simulations [25; 26] and aligns with the goals of this study. UDGM utilizes a defined transmission range disk whereas the inner node receives while outer ones do not. It modulates transmission power using output power comparisons and scenario distances with Packet success rates for Transmission (TX) time and Reception (RX) time as the success metrics. The simulation parameters are listed in Table 1.  
Since the number of motes directly affects the performance of the motes as well as the network, it is assumed that performance metrics that are obtained after the simulation would differ. This hypothesis is based on previous academic studies [2; 33] in which researchers varied the number of motes in various contexts. Changes in the number of nodes and the percentage of mobile nodes also have a gradual effect on Average Power Consumption (APC) [34]. Given that the mote counts range from 10 to 50 across various scenarios, it is posited that 40 motes are optimal for a straightforward 6 LoWPAN architecture, as mentioned in ref. [5]. Consequently, the mote counts increase by increments of 10 motes for each scenario, culminating at 40 motes. Apart from the mote count, the transmission range serves as another independent variable in this study. Previous research has indicated that the transmission range can influence both power consumption and the PDR of motes [33]. It is hypothesized that power consumption will rise with an expanding transmission range since motes require increased power for signal amplification to reach more distant motes. It would be intriguing and noteworthy to examine whether varying the transmission range influences different routing protocols. Additionally, it is essential to ascertain if these protocols can function effectively or perhaps be optimized with an extended transmission range.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Scenario 1 Values** & **Scenario 2 Values** \\ \hline Simulator & Contiki 3.0/Cooja & Contiki 3.0/Cooja \\ Protocol & RPL, AODV, LOADng & RPL, AODV, LOADng \\ Data Type & UDP & UDP \\ Radio Propagation Model & UDGM Model & UDGM Model \\ Number of Motes & 10, 20, 30, 40 & 10, 20, 30, 40 \\ Simulation Duration & 300 s & 300 s \\ Transmission Range & 50 m & 100 m \\ Network Topology & Random, Linear, Eclipse & Random, Linear, Eclipse \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Simulation parameters.  
Consequently, the transmission range will be varied across the scenarios, specifically set at 50 m and 100 m based on findings from prior research [5]. Additionally, the simulation duration is established as 300 s, aligning with prior studies [28; 29; 30; 31; 32]. Employing a consistent 300 s evaluation period facilitates precise assessments of each protocol across diverse conditions and scenarios. Such consistency enables meaningful protocol comparisons and pinpoints areas warranting enhancement or optimization.