## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Beginning of Study** & **End of Study** & **\% Change** & \(p\)**-Value \({}^{*}\)** \\ \hline Total cholesterol (mg/dL) & & & & \\ Group I & 210.82 \(\pm\) 30.17 & 207 \(\pm\) 29.32 & \(-\)1.81\% & 0.54 \\ Group II & 200.1 \(\pm\) 33.14 & 197.85 \(\pm\) 36.96 & \(-\)1.12\% & 0.54 \\ Group III & 192.89 \(\pm\) 29.46 & 197.17 \(\pm\) 13.72 & 2.22\% & 0.034 \\ Group IV & 185.14 \(\pm\) 34.17 & 181.31 \(\pm\) 32.21 & \(-\)2.07\% & 0.034 \\ \(p\)-value \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 0 & 0 & \(-\)0.70\% & 0.39 \\ \hline Glucose (mg/dL) & & & & \\ Group I & 91.82 \(\pm\) 8.93 & 93.33 \(\pm\) 4.62 & 1.64\% & 0.37 \\ Group II & 96.15 \(\pm\) 15.27 & 99.56 \(\pm\) 17.68 & 3.55\% & 0.37 \\ Group III & 108 \(\pm\) 16.97 & 109.5 \(\pm\) 14.85 & 1.40\% & 0.37 \\ Group IV & 93.81 \(\pm\) 8.98 & 96 \(\pm\) 11.74 & 2.33\% & 0.048 \\ \(p\)-value \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 0.136 & 0.29 & 2.23\% & 0.29 \\ \hline HbA1c (\%) & & & & \\ Group I & 5.64 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 5.77 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 2.30\% & 0.27 \\ Group II & 5.74 \(\pm\) 0.53 & 5.72 \(\pm\) 0.55 & \(-\)0.35\% & 0.27 \\ Group III & 5.71 \(\pm\) 0.67 & 5.76 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 0.88\% & 0.27 \\ Group IV & 5.76 \(\pm\) 0.81 & 5.85 \(\pm\) 0.83 & 1.56\% & 0.027 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values presented at baseline and at the end of the study are presented as means \(\pm\) SD. \({}^{*}\) Level of significance for differences observed within the same group, between the two measurements. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to define significant differences in all variables tested for each study group at baseline and at the end of the study. \({}^{\ddagger}\) Level of significance for differences in means between groups at each interval.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Changes in Total Cholesterol, Glucose and HbA1c. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Beginning of Study** & **End of Study** & **\% Change** & \(p\)**-Value \({}^{*}\)** \\ \hline
25(OH)D3 (ng/mL) & & & & \\ Group I & 27.42 \(\pm\) 12.12 & 26.48 \(\pm\) 7.96 & \(-\)3.43\% & 0.2 \\ Group II & 23.15 \(\pm\) 8.37 & 24.01 \(\pm\) 8.68 & 3.71\% & 0.2 \\ Group III & 28.21 \(\pm\) 8.84 & 28.62 \(\pm\) 7.78 & 1.45\% & 0.2 \\ Group IV & 26.69 \(\pm\) 6.83 & 28.19 \(\pm\) 6.44 & 5.62\% & 0.81 \\ \hline PTH (pg/mL) & & & & \\ \hline Group I & 62.63 \(\pm\) 27.00 & 76.44 \(\pm\) 36.45 & 22.05\% & 0.77 \\ Group II & 58.95 \(\pm\) 23.96 & 56.71 \(\pm\) 23.85 & \(-\)3.80\% & 0.77 \\ Group III & 69.01 \(\pm\) 17.82 & 52.21 \(\pm\) 17.87 & \(-\)24.34\% & 0.77 \\ Group IV & 48.84 \(\pm\) 19.49 & 55.6 \(\pm\) 19.63 & 13.84\% & 0.11 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values presented at baseline and at the end of the study are presented as means \(\pm\) SD. \({}^{*}\) Level of significance for differences observed within the same group, between the two measurements. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to define significant differences in all variables tested for each study group, at baseline and at the end of the study. \({}^{\ddagger}\) Level of significance for differences in means between groups at each interval.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Changes in the levels of bone health indicators. cantly increased values were recorded for glucose (+2.33%, \(p\) = 0.048) and HbA1c (+1.56%, \(p\) = 0.0027), whereas decreased value with statistical significance was observed for Mg (\(-\)20.19%, \(p\) = 0.01). Differences that were statistically significant were recorded for whole-body BMD, at the end of the intervention period for all four groups (Table 5). More specifically the highest increase in whole-body BMD (+12.23%, \(p\) = 0.043) was observed for group III, whereas the lowest increase was noted for group II (+1.55%, \(p\) = 0.036%). In addition, for both groups I and IV a positive increase in whole-body BMD was recorded at +3.46% (\(p\) = 0.027) and +11.98% (\(p\) = 0.003), respectively. A positive correlation was observed between intense physical activity and bone density for groups I, II and III at the end of the intervention period.