## 4 Timer Value Methodology of a Forwarder Node for the Proposed Scheme  
The source broadcasts the packets to its neighbors in its transmission range. All of the nodes lying in the transmission range of a source node will receive the packet. If all the neighbor nodes of a source node take part in broadcasting, then there will be a higher packet overhead, and this will result in higher energy consumption. Therefore, to minimize the broadcasting of a forwarder of source nodes, the timer value calculation mechanism is investigated. Upon the reception of the packet from the source node, the potential forwarding nodes first checks the depth information of the source node. The potential forwarder starts working to calculate the time value if its locality is above the source nodes, or else it drops the packet. The timer value is calculated based on the fitness function value. DO-WPR only considered the depths of the first and second hops, and did  
the packet, suggesting that some other node having a higher priority of transmission has already transmitted the packet. The proposed work uses the Whale Optimization Technique (WOA) to find the energy tax value for the forwarding region, and based on this value, the network forwards in the direction where there is a higher value of the energy tax illustrated in Figure 2. The proposed work will calculated the fitness function value of the proposed work (\(FF_{BDREA}\)), considering the parameters related to the potential forwarding nodes of the source nodes, i.e., the packet advancement in two hops (H), the number of potential forwarders and suppressed nodes below the source nodes, i.e., \(PFN_{num}\) and \(SUP_{num}\), respectively, the number of hops from the sink nodes to the source node, and the energy tax in the locality of forwarding node that is most in favor of performance metrics. Thus, the proposed scheme will consider all of the above mentioned. To find the fitness function of the BDREA (\(FF_{BDREA}\)) value, the potential forwarders and suppressed nodes metrics are considered from set 3 of DOW-PR, while the energy tax is found with the help of WOA. The proposed algorithm uses the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) technique to find the optimum number of PFNs of forwarder nodes with the best energy normalization value in the network, based on the following function, as shown in Equation (1). \[E_{tax}=\frac{E_{total}}{ForwardingNodes\times Data_{packets}} \tag{1}\]  
where \(E_{total}\) is the total energy constrained in a transmission range of the forwarding nodes, nodes are the number of potential forwarding nodes in the transmission range of  
Figure 2: Timer value calculation for the proposed work. a forwarder nodes, and packets are the numbers of data packets to be delivered from the forwarding region. The researcher faces a huge issue in balancing the energy consumption of nodes that are responsible for routing data from source to destination. Maximum end-to-end delay, multipath fading, and mobility issues are among the most challenging issues for UWSNs. Nodes utilized solely to transport data packets are referred to as \"courier or relay nodes,\" and the optimal cost function for weight computations is used to balance the energy consumption of sensor nodes. As an additional benefit, good coordination between nodes can help reduce energy use. Static or mobile sinks are options for data collection structures. When using static methods, nodes that are closest to the sink use up their energy more quickly, and as a result, a segment or the entire network may become disconnected. Researchers are interested in UWSNs because of the enormous challenges they pose, and because of the unpredictable and harsh nature of water. It is possible to improve the network's performance through a variety of protocols, including energy optimization, packet ratio, end-to-end delay, and so on. However, enhancing one network aspect can have an impact on other factors because each factor is linked in some way.