## 3 Results
### Distinguishing Resource Types  
Resources are important for an organization, as they create the product/service provided to the customer (Figure 3). A semantic triangle was proposed by [PERSON] et al. (2004) [PERSON] et al. (2004), combining user profile, resources, and model characteristics within a knowledge engineering perspective. This combination helps to better optimize certain industrial processes. From the same perspective, it is recommended by the MDSEA approach to distinguish resources at the first stage of modeling. This work aimed to include these types of resources in the simulation phase at the TSM level in order to assist different stakeholders (business analyst, IT consultants, and users), to facilitate the best decision, and to assign suitable human resources to each task, as well as to choose the adequate physical means and technologies to be used. We describe in the following the characteristics of the three categories of resources:  
* **Human resources** or employees are individuals who work to fulfill their tasks according to their roles within a process. Human attributes can be perceived as constraints for the accomplishment of tasks. Their attributes can be defined as overloaded or underloaded, experienced or inexperienced, etc. Employees cannot be repaired or changed, they must adjust their own actions to specific or common constraints as explained in Reference [PERSON] et al. (2004). Thus, human resources' efficiency is not static and varies from time to time depending on the employees' own attributes, their work behavior, etc. [PERSON] et al (2020) [PERSON] et al (2020) proposed a conceptual framework showing how the application of different visual computing technologies can empower the human factor.
* **Physical means resources** are tangible items used in a process to carry out its activities. These include a wide range of specific goods and objects depending on the nature of the business, such as machines, robots, or any other physical device. The choice of their efficiency metrics depends on the type of business and on the goal to reach. Generally, the efficiency of physical resources is measured by performance, availability, reliability, etc. [PERSON] et al (2019).
* **Information technology (IT) resources** are everywhere in the business field, and they are considered important enablers of business success and innovation. IT resources are the technological foundation that allows a company to provide real-time, accurate, and comprehensive information for communication. IT is about all the hardware, software, and infrastructure on which IT tools are built. The definition of adequate IT resources depends on the goal to be reached. For example, some focus on hardware performance aspects such as processor usage, while others focus on software performance such as number of licenses, and others focus on infrastructure performance. The metrics used are bit rate, transmission delay, availability, throughput, etc. [PERSON] et al (2019).  
Thus, each resource type has its own definition, its own characteristics, and its own indicators of efficiency, hence the importance of distinguishing the type during the modeling and simulation phase [PERSON] et al (2019).  
Figure 2: Modeling and simulation methodology based on MDSEA.