###### Abstract  
Nowadays, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are widely deployed in communication areas due to their ease of implementation, dynamic self-organization, and cost-effectiveness. The design of routing protocols is critical for ensuring the performance and reliability of WMNs. Although there have been numerous experimental works on WMNs in the past decade, only a few of them have been tested in real-world scenarios. This article presents a comparative analysis of three proactive routing protocols, OLSR, BATMAN, and Babel, using Raspberry Pi 4 devices. The evaluation, conducted at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, covers both indoor and outdoor scenarios, focusing on key metrics such as bandwidth, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and jitter. In outdoor scenarios, OLSR achieved the highest bandwidth at 2.9 Mbps, while BATMAN and Babel lagged. Indoor tests revealed that Babel initially outperformed with the highest bandwidth of 57.19 Mb/s but suffered from scalability issues, while BATMAN and OLSR exhibited significant declines in performance as network size increased. For PDR, BATMAN performed best with a decline from 100% to 42.8%, followed by OLSR with a moderate drop, and Babel with the greatest decrease. For jitter, OLSR showed the most stable performance, increasing from 0.281 ms to 2.58 ms at eleven nodes, BATMAN exhibited moderate increases, and Babel experienced the highest rise. While many routing protocols for WMNs have been proposed in the last decade, relatively few of them have been tested under real-world experimental conditions [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. In [9], the authors implement and develop a WMN testbed utilizing layer 2 routing protocols, specifically BATMAN-adv and HWMN, to analyze their performance and compare their efficiency in real-time scenarios, highlighting the advantages of reduced processing overhead and the capability to support higher-layer protocols. The authors of [10] describe the implementation of a testbed for WMNs and analyze the performance of the OLSR protocol in an indoor environment with mobile mesh nodes and evaluating metrics such as throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), hop count, delay, and jitter. The authors of [12] conducted real-world experiments, but the execution time of the experiment was insufficient, resulting in rough data. In [13], the authors compare the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Better Approach to Mobile Ad hoc Networking (BATMAN) routing protocols in a WMN, utilizing a testbed comprising six Raspberry Pi 4 network nodes. In [14], the authors represent the implementation of a testbed for WMNs utilizing Raspbian OS and analyze only the performance of the OLSR protocol in an indoor scenario. In [15], the authors evaluate a testbed for two routing protocols, including OLSR and Babel, using multiple Raspberry Pi 4 devices to assess the impact of multi-hops on bandwidth and delay. The aim of this article is to assess the performance of the OLSR, BATMAN, and Babel proactive routing protocols in a WMN using 11 Raspberry Pi 4 devices. By analyzing these protocols, we provide insights into their relative strengths and weaknesses in both indoor and outdoor static scenarios. The evaluation was conducted at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, with indoor tests lasting 24 h and outdoor tests lasting 1000 s. A key distinction of our work from other articles is the extended duration of the experiments and the larger number of Raspberry Pi nodes used. In recent articles, the maximum test duration observed was 400 s [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18], which we consider insufficient for a thorough evaluation of wireless network performance. To assess the effectiveness of these routing algorithms, we considered key metrics including bandwidth, jitter, and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). These metrics are crucial for evaluating routing protocols in WMNs and help identify their strengths and limitations. The rest of this paper is organized as follows.