# A Novel Approach for Cognitive Clustering of Parkinsonisms through Affinity Propagation
## 3 Results  
### Statistical Analysis  
Table 1 reported the demographic characteristics and the MMSE total and subscale scores of the three groups of participants, CTRL, PD and PSP patients, together with the results of the statistical analyses, included the pairwise post-hoc findings. The distribution of sex was not significantly different pairwise (\(p>0.05\)). ANOVA revealed significant differences in age only between CTRL and PSP, where the CTRL participants were younger than PSP patients. The education level of the CTRL participants was significantly higher than PD and PSP patients. The ANCOVA analysis, with age, sex and education level in covariates, showed differences in the MMSE total score, where CTRL participants had higher values than PD and PSP, and PD had higher value than PSP patients. Regarding the MMSE subscales, only registration of three words (Reg), object naming (N) and praxis (P) were not different among groups. Figure 2 depicted the three radar plots of each group, CTRL (in green), PD (in purple) and PSP (in orange), representing the mean values of each MMSE subscale, while in gray and dotted lines the maximum value that each MMSE subscale could reach. PD patients showed cognitive impairment compared to CTRL, in AC, Rec and SR. PSP patients had significant lower scores than the CTRL participants in TO, OS, AC, Rec, W and D. In the comparison between PD and PSP patients, the first had significant higher scores than the second in W, CE and D. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **CTRL (44)** & **PD (49)** & **PSP (48)** & **\(p\)-Value** & **Post-Hoc** \\ \hline Age & 62.6 \(\pm\) 11.5 & 66.7 \(\pm\) 9.38 & 70.1 \(\pm\) 8.32 & 0.002 a  & CTRL \(<\) PSP b  \\ Female, n & 25 & 22 & 22 & N.S. c  \\ Education & 12.5 \(\pm\) 4.78 & 9.27 \(\pm\) 4.74 & 7.38 \(\pm\) 5.05 & \(<\)0.001 a  \\ Total MMSE & 29.2 \(\pm\) 1.46 & 24.8 \(\pm\) 5.08 & 20.8 \(\pm\) 5.27 & \(<\)0.001 d  \\  & 4.93 \(\pm\) 0.45 & 4.49 \(\pm\) 1.04 & 3.85 \(\pm\) 1.38 & & \\ TO & (0.241 \(\pm\) 0.57) & (0.100 \(\pm\) 1.010) & (\(-\)0.321 \(\pm\) 1.250) & 0.01 d  & CTRL \(>\) PSP e  \\ OS & 4.98 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 4.29 \(\pm\) 1.15 & 3.81 \(\pm\) 1.21 & & \\  & (0.31 \(\pm\) 0.567) & (\(-\)0.025 \(\pm\) 0.992) & (\(-\)0.259 \(\pm\) 0.999) & 0.003 d  & CTRL \(>\) PSP e  \\ Reg & 3.00 \(\pm\) 0 & 2.98 \(\pm\) 0.143 & 2.85 \(\pm\) 0.50 & N.S.d  & N.A. \\  & (0.008 \(\pm\) 0.084) & (0.042 \(\pm\) 0.142) & (\(-\)0.050 \(\pm\) 0.485) & & \\ AC & 4.80 \(\pm\) 0.60 & 3.14 \(\pm\) 1.90 & 2.25 \(\pm\) 1.77 & \(<\)0.001 d  & CTRL \(>\) PD e  \\  & (0.854 \(\pm\) 0.846) & (\(-\)0.167 \(\pm\) 1.590) & (\(-\)0.616 \(\pm\) 1.690) & & \\ Rec & 2.98 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 1.96 \(\pm\) 1.08 & 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.9 & & \\  & (0.66 \(\pm\) 0.39) & (\(-\)0.165 \(\pm\) 0.970) & (\(-\)0.441 \(\pm\) 1.010) & \(<\)0.001 d  & CTRL \(>\) PD e  \\ N & 1.98 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 0 & 1.94 \(\pm\) 0.32 & N.S. d  & N.A. \\  & (\(-\)0.02 \(\pm\) 0.14) & (0.030 \(\pm\) 0.058) & (\(-\)0.015 \(\pm\) 0.303) & & \\  & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0 & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 0.03 d  & CTRL \(>\) PD e  \\ SR & (0.10 \(\pm\) 0.04) & (\(-\)0.055 \(\pm\) 0.403) & (\(-\)0.038 \(\pm\) 0.384) & & \\ P & 2.93 \(\pm\) 0.45 & 2.98 \(\pm\) 0.143 & 2.77 \(\pm\) 0.55 & N.S.d  & N.A. \\  & (\(-\)0.02 \(\pm\) 0.43) & (0.088 \(\pm\) 0.163) & (\(-\)0.074 \(\pm\) 0.540) & & \\ W & 0.91 \(\pm\) 0.30 & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.47 & 0.29 \(\pm\) 0.46 & & \\  & (0.16 \(\pm\) 0.30) & (0.065 \(\pm\) 0.394) & (\(-\)0.210 \(\pm\) 0.465) & \(<\)0.001 d  & CTRL \(>\) PSP e  \\ CE & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.40 & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 0.52 \(\pm\) 0.50 & 0.01 d  & PD \(>\) PSP e  \\  & (\(-\)0.003 \(\pm\) 0.410) & (0.123 \(\pm\) 0.344) & (\(-\)0.120 \(\pm\) 0.454) & & \\ D & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.44 & & \\  & (0.111 \(\pm\) 0.270) & (0.083 \(\pm\) 0.394) & (\(-\)0.185 \(\pm\) 0.421) & \(<\)0.001 d  & CTRL \(>\) PSP e  \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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