## 4 Discussion  
The results show, at a general level, a new methodological option that may constitute an interesting alternative in the study of the risk of flooding. The analysis of the relationship between the anthropization of the territory and the increase in vulnerability to flooding is an unusual approach in the study of flood risk, which frequently tends to focus its evaluation mainly on hydrological variables rather than territorial ones. The incorporation of flood risk into territorial management and urban planning regulations is a rather recent issue in most societies, even in developed countries. In the case of Europe, the authorities from member countries have been obliged by the European Directive 2007/60/CE [43] since 2007 to prepare flood hazard maps and flood risk maps for the development of flood risk management plans. In most countries, such as Spain, this directive has been transposed into national regulations through models based mainly on hydrological analysis. These models, although they reproduce the orographic variables in a reliable way and provide very valuable information to planners and decision makers, may be insufficient in territories that are highly anthropized or have strong inertia of territorial diffuse anthropization, as in this case. The framework presented here supposes an advance from the methodological point of view in this field of research. There are obviously certain limitations, such as the need to have extensive territorial georeferenced information both at a spatial and temporal level, which is not always available. Nevertheless, it can offer a very interesting alternative for a diagnosis in areas in which there are no clear solutions for channeling or generating clear regulated flooding flows. Furthermore, this approach is more consistent from the point of view of sustainable development. It should be noted that in terms of flood-risk planning, there is generally a strong engineering tendency to try to establish corrective measures instead of placing more emphasis on accurately determining the origins of the problem. This means that sometimes the solutions that make it possible to alleviate the existing problems are established, but the growth trend of the issues that originate in these troubles stays inadequately controlled [26]. At the specific level, the results obtained for this case study clarify issues that until now had remained unclear, but at the same time they raise new questions and debate. Onone hand, we have the meteorological phenomenon of DANAs in coastal Mediterranean areas which, as indicated by various authors [19], are increasing in frequency and intensity as a result of climate change. This issue, although belonging to another scientific discipline (meteorology), forces us to pay more attention to this problem from the point of view of territorial planning, since its effects on the territory will also be increasing [38]. On the other hand, we have the question of how human activity influences the effects that these incremental DANAs will have on the territory. The consequences and damage observed in the last three DANAs, whose precipitation did not exceed the 100-year return period in the historical series (which in itself forces a rethink on the validity of these statistical series as a result of climate change), have even exceeded, in some cases, the flood effects expected by the administrations for situations close to 500 years of return period in this area. Therefore, the increased damage caused by these meteorological phenomena is partly explained by their increasing frequency and intensity, albeit not completely.