# AI-Assisted Multi-Operator RAN Sharing for Energy-Efficient Networks
## 6 Implementation, Results, and Analysis
### Result Categories
#### 6.3.4 Overlapping Actions from a TowerCo's Perspective  
To decide on the most suitable RAN-sharing approach, one could not only look at the actions taken by different operators but also at how often these actions overlap. Of the three possible energy-saving features, we focused on carrier adaptation as its impact at the TowerCo's level was observed only in fully overlapping scenarios (i.e., when all the MNOs had taken the same decision). In other words, a carrier shutdown decision at any site was executed only when all the MNOs decided to do so. Table 11 summarizes the extent to which actions overlapped in the three scenarios. From the TowerCo's perspective in Table 11, we found that carrier adaptation was invoked a similar number of times by one or more MNOs across all three scenarios. These results were in line with the observations in Table 10 indicating that the maximum TDL did not impact the selection of carrier adaptation. It was expected in a stationary environment, as the probability of taking that action depended on user distribution and the load at different sites. Of the total carrier adaptation actions, we observed similar percentages of overlap of 27 to 30 percent across the three scenarios (see Table 11). It was because each MNO took actions independently of the others without any form of coordination. However, as seen in Figure 20, the share of outcomes in overlapped scenarios increased by 33 percent with an increase in TDL. It is observed in Figures 21-23 where the ratio of the number of overlapping instances _(in blue)_ to those that resulted in a outcome _(in red)_ increased as we went from 0 to intermediate to 20 percent TDL. It indicated that under stringent network requirements (Figure 21), the overlapping actions were not equally beneficial to all the operators. In the overlapping instances, we observed that the probability of turning off more than one band was lower than 15 percent, irrespective of the TDL (see Table 10). This was 70 percent lower than the probability of turning off one band and could be due to two factors described in Section 6.3.3. Firstly, there were inherent limitations in the form of stationary users associated with the environment and a combination of energy-saving features operating on different time scales. Secondly, as described in Section 6.3.3, certain \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c c c} \hline \hline
**S.No** & **Parameter** & **Unit** & **S1** & **S2** & **S3** \\ \hline
1 & Total simulation instances & & 1000 & 1000 & 1000 \\ \hline
2 & Instances when carrier adaptation has been invoked by one or more MNOs (overlapping and non-overlapping actions) & \% & 60.1 & 60.7 & 60.7 \\ \hline
3 & Action overlapping instances of the total invocation instances & \% & 30.0 & 27.6 & 28.8 \\ \hline
4 & Non-overlapping action instances of the total invocation instances & \% & 70.0 & 72.4 & 71.2 \\ \hline
5 & Overlapping actions that resulted in a & & & \\  & - positive outcome for all MNOs & \% & 40.0 & 73.8 & 42.2 \\  & - positive outcome for one or two MNOs & \% & 47.2 & 24.4 & 49.7 \\  & - negative outcome for all MNOs & \% & 12.8 & 1.7 & 8.0 \\ \hline
6 & Instances when “X” MNOs were involved in a common & & & \\  & =\textgreater{} X = 2 MNOs & \% & 92.2 & 88.1 & 89.7 \\  & =\textgreater{} X = 3 MNOs & \% & 7.8 & 11.9 & 10.2 \\ \hline
7 & Total number of overlapping and non-overlapping actions & & 865 & 851 & 835 \\ \hline
8 & Percentage of actions that resulted in & & & & \\  & - positive outcome for all MNOs & \% & 45.0 & 74.0 & 54.0 \\  & - positive outcome for one or two MNOs & \% & 10.0 & 5.0 & 10.0 \\  & - negative outcome for all MNOs & \% & 45.0 & 22.0 & 35.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Common actions taken by MNOs in different cases. The lower share of fully overlapping actions meant that the TowerCo was unable to implement the action in 70 percent of the cases. In other words, the TowerCo could turn off a band only when all the MNOs agreed--an outcome achieved in just 12 percent of overlapping cases.