# Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Ecosystems in the Context of Suitability for Honeybees
## 3 Results
### Correlation Between Individual Traits  
The highest positive correlation coefficient (0.77) was observed between SC1 and BC1, indicating a relationship between the brood quantity and the number of workers in spring. Meanwhile, the highest negative correlation was identified between BC0 and BGD, suggesting a link between the number of breeds in early spring and the growth dynamics of the bee population (Table 5). This coefficient indicates that bee colonies with lower brood numbers in the post-winter period revealed a greater increase in multiplication compared to those with higher brood counts in spring (Table 6). Bees' infestation by V. destructor mites was found to be correlated with the spring brood population. Honey yield throughout the season was positively correlated with brood area and worker numbers during the entire season and negatively correlated with the number of combs in bee colonies during winter and early spring.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Traits or Measurements *} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**Year of Research**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Statistical Test **} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & **2021 (Mean \(\pm\) SE)** & & & & \\ \hline B1 & \(5.8\pm 0.09\) & \(5.9\pm 0.19\) & U = 3278.5, N1 = 89, N2 = 74 & 0.96 \\ B2 & \(4.7\pm 0.14\) & \(5.3\pm 0.14\) & U = 2375, N1 = 87, N2 = 74 & \(\leq\)0.01 \\ OIndex & \(1.02\pm 0.10\) & \(0.72\pm 0.12\) & U = 2821, N1 = 84, N2 = 90 & \(\leq\)0.01 \\ BC0 (dm\({}^{2}\)) & \(26.91\pm 1.75\) & \(30.75\pm 1.45\) & \(t=-1.7\), \(d=159\), N1 = 87, N2 = 74 & 0.09 \\ BC1 (dm\({}^{2}\)) & \(53.2\pm 2.53\) & \(63.4\pm 2.20\) & \(t=-3.04\), \(d=158\), N1 = 87, N2 = 73 & \(\leq\)0.01 \\ BGD (\%) & \(223.5\pm 12.19\) & \(234.6\pm 12.02\) & U = 3039, N1 = 87, N2 = 73 & 0.60 \\ BC2 (dm\({}^{2}\)) & \(65.3\pm 1.99\) & \(60.1\pm 2.44\) & Welch’s = 1.66, df = 150.4, N1 = 72, N2 = 83 & 0.09 \\ BC3 (dm\({}^{2}\)) & \(1.94\pm 0.45\) & \(1.62\pm 0.42\) & U = 2785, N1 = 72, N2 = 84 & 0.24 \\ SC1 (number) & \(7790.6\pm 439.8\) & \(9407.3\pm 431.6\) & U = 2170, N1 = 73, N2 = 87 & \(\leq\)0.01 \\ SC2 (number) & \(15,625.8\pm 630.9\) & \(12,355.6\pm 426.7\) & U = 1772.5, N1 = 72, N2 = 85 & \(\leq\)0.01 \\ SC3 (number) & \(6544.3\pm 255.4\) & \(7484.6\pm 191.6\) & U = 2049.5, N1 = 72, N2 = 84 & \(\leq\)0.01 \\ VInf. (No/10 g of bees) & \(0.15\pm 0.04\) & \(0.21\pm 0.04\) & U = 3299.5, N1 = 72, N2 = 84 & 0.07 \\ SB (points 0–3) & \(2.85\pm 0.06\) & \(2.53\pm 0.10\) & U = 2592, N1 = 72, N2 = 84 & \(\leq\)0.01 \\ HY (kg) & \(36.8\pm 2.71\) & \(37.5\pm 2.78\) & U = 2952, N1 = 73, N2 = 84 & 0.68 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Abbreviations explained in Table 1. ** The following section provides explanations of the abbreviations listed in column statistical analysis. U—Mann–Whitney U test, _t_—Student’s _t_-test.  
\end{table}
Table 4: The impact of year of research on the individual functional and biological characteristics of bee colonies.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Trait * & **B1** & **B2** & **OIndex** & **BC0** & **BC1** & **BGD** & **SC1** & **BC2** & **SC2** & **HY** \\ \hline B2 & \(0.67\) & & & & & & & & \\ OIndex & \(0.22\) & \(-0.47\) & & & & & & & \\ BC0 & \(0.41\) & \(0.62\) & \(-0.29\) & & & & & & \\ BC1 & \(0.38\) & \(0.48\) & \(-0.20\) & \(0.60\) & & & & & \\ BGD & \(-0.20\) & \(-0.32\) & & & \(-0.63\) & & & & \\ SC1 & \(0.52\) & \(0.63\) & \(-0.18\) & \(0.60\) & \(0.77\) & & & & \\ SC2 & & & & & & & & \(0.38\) & \\ HY & \(-0.39\) & \(-0.19\) & & & & & \(0.20\) & \(0.26\) & \\ VInf. & & & \(-0.17\) & \(0.28\) & \(0.25\) & & & & \\ BC3 & & & & \(0.17\) & & & & & \\ SC3 & \(0.43\) & \(0.34\) & & & \(0.22\) & \(0.22\) & & \(0.45\) & & & \(-0.25\) \\ SB & & & & \(0.18\) & \(-0.28\) & \(-0.28\) & & \(-0.22\) & & \(0.22\) & \(-0.17\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Abbreviations explained in Table 1.  
\end{table}
Table 5: Spearman correlation coefficients between individual developmental traits and production parameters. Only significant relationships were considered.