## 4 Results II--Review of Research Clusters
### Cluster 1: Risk/Accident Analysis
#### 4.2.2 Sub-Cluster 2: Risk Analysis  
Risk analysis or risk assessment is similar to accident analysis; however, it fundamentally focuses on analyzing accident factors to proactively control risks and proposes measures or strategies to prevent accidents based on these factors. To identify or evaluate risk factors, tools such as checklists or FSA can be utilized. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2009) [25] aimed to develop a checklist-based safety management tool. The proposed checklist was designed to systematically manage accident risk factors that commonly occur in fishing vessel work environments by categorizing them into detailed components. It includes checklists for safety equipment, fire prevention, work environment, and fishing operations, with response options of \"Yes\", \"No\", and \"NA\". Through a survey, the tool facilitates risk estimation to implement appropriate preventive measures based on the risk levels (e.g., minor, medium, severe). Although the checklist is a practical tool that allows crew members to systematically assess risk factors and conduct self-inspections, regular training and education are necessary to address potential subjectivity in user responses. Meanwhile, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2017) [32] introduced the FSA based on the Goal-Based Safety Level Approach (GBS-SAL) to systematically manage the accident risks of small fishing vessels (less than 24 m in length) and establish effective accident prevention measures. The Goal-Based Standards (GBS) focuses on setting outcome-based goals that can be flexibly applied to different nations, vessels, and situations. The GBS-SLA approach extends the GBS concept by quantitatively setting and managing safety levels. Through the combined use of FSA and GBS-SLA, this study was able to systematically analyze various accident risk factors and establish clearer and more precise safety measures. As a result, a total of 22 risk control options (RCOs) were derived based on FSA and prioritized against existing safety regulations. Among these, the implementation of safety education programs and the enhancement of safety-related equipment on fishing vessels were evaluated as the most effective risk control measures. The GBS-SLA approach allows for flexible application of safety regulations, contributing significantly to the establishment of consistent maritime policies at the national, regional, and international levels. Moreover, this approach enables designers, regulatory authorities, and shipowners to share common goals and establish a framework for continuously evaluating and improving the effectiveness of regulations. However, since the various safety measures proposed in the study are primarily focused on a regulatory approach, they may encounter difficulties in being practically applied to the actual operational environment of fishing vessels. Therefore, a review should be conducted to ensure that these measures are suitable for the specific working conditions and regional contexts before implementation. Furthermore, the BN, which has been widely used in accident analysis, is also effectively utilized for risk assessment. To identify the risks of small fishing vessels, [PERSON] et al. (2024) [49] developed a method that combines BN and Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) to incorporate uncertainty and effectively evaluate RCOs to prevent accidents proactively. The research methodology involved literature reviews, accident report analyses, and expert opinion collection to identify RCOs, which were then applied to the BN and DST models to assess the impact of risk reduction strategies. The study demonstrated that the proposed framework could quantitatively evaluate the major risk factors during vessel operations and reduce the probability of accidents by up to 62.5% when appropriate RCOs are implemented. This approach has the advantage of optimizing accident prevention strategies by quantitatively assessing the cost-effectiveness of each control option. However, it is recommended that the framework be validated through real-world scenario implementation.