# Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Novel Schemes for Performance Evaluation
## 1 Introduction  
A WSN describes a collection of edge devices that are interested in observing and transmitting the physical conditions of the surrounding environment, without the requirement for any hardware. The base station is primarily where the layout and communications are handled and centrally controlled. Typically, a smart sensor network is made up of teeny detectors that are identified, interconnected via wireless networks, and placed either in concentrated or sparse populations to detect physical phenomena before being gathered in one place. Technologies of wireless transmission depend greatly on heterogeneous networks. WSNs are used for a variety of purposes, including in the civilian, medical, and defense areas. To measure the moisture, elevation, and stress, the nodes in networkedwireless sensors are used. Nodes are capable of gathering and sending data to the B.S., regarding a specific physical location [1]. Since most of the WS stations were powered by lithium-ion batteries, and most functions are extended periods with off-servicing, it is challenging to access them and replace or replenish the batteries. Consequently, utilizing the energy of the sensor nodes effectively and quickly is one of the key hard goals. Large-scale networks with 100,000 sensor nodes are settled down with one pattern, in which the WSNs can be deployed. The significance of WSNs in communication technology is crucial [2]. The function of the cluster heads is crucial. A wireless internal network links the sensors together. Figure 1 shows the WSN node architecture and components (notes). The node has a location finding system, Mobilizer, and power generator, in addition to the sensing, processing, transceiver, and power components. The B.S. collects, analyses, and makes decisions based on the data that the WSN sensor nodes transmit to it, in order to connect the monitoring system to some other networking [3]. We look forward over the protocols based on parameters which are related to weak connectivity and coordination. Strong actors will help weaker sensors in many aspects such as routing and data forwarding and deploying few actors in sparsely. Actors can take, move and charge sensors and detect partitions of inter actor network [4; 5; 6]. The processing of this workflow will pertaining to wireless sensor networks, such as a summary of sensing techniques, node design, energy absorption constraints, and design problems, as well as the routing classification as priority. Next, the flow will cover the literature review of wireless sensor energy routing techniques, mechanisms, and cluster head criteria, which are analyzed. WSN routing techniques address the issue of insufficient battery capacity and support adaptation and resource-awareness to extend network longevity [7; 8; 9; 10; 11]. According to a network's structure, the routing protocols of WSN can be divided into two classes: hierarchical and flat routing protocols. Similar functions in the routing process are carried out by sensor nodes in the flat routing architecture that direct the transmission of sensed data to BS. Contrary to flat routing, the architecture of a hierarchical routing groups sensor nodes into clusters. Nodes within a cluster are distinguished based on the tasks they have completed. Low-level nodes, also known as cluster members (CM) in two-layer architecture hierarchy structure of routing these are transferred to the base level stations [12]. The source node will immediately transfer data to the sink in the event of an emergency or any fire incident. The amount of energy expended in the fire detection directly relates to the events that were held in that region [13]. It is noted that the data in this case contain both geographical and temporal correlations for the need of energy supply is the minimum for sensor node and consideration of energy efficiency for WSN [14]. These correlations  
Figure 1: Wireless sensor network and node architecture. are used to create clusters based on certain factors.