## 3 Results and Discussion
Therefore, the absorption coefficient of acoustic waves by the concentration of suspended particles is proportional to the concentration of suspended particles and is determined according to [117] by Formula (9):  
\[K_{\rho}=e^{-\alpha\cdot d} \tag{9}\]  
where \(\alpha\) is the absorption coefficient of waves in the medium (depends on the type of particles) and \(d\) is the distance that the wave travels through the medium with suspended particles, m.  
(c) In the initial section of the graph, with the increasing temperature, the value of the temperature coefficient increases rapidly, showing an almost linear dependence. This indicates that the temperature significantly affects the medium, reducing its density and increasing its elasticity, which contributes to the increase in the speed of the propagation of acoustic waves. However, with an additional increase in temperature, the growth rate gradually slows down and reaches a stable level. This is explained by the fact that after reaching a certain temperature, changes in the density of the medium become insignificant, and the effect on the speed of sound waves is less pronounced. Thus, although at the initial stage the effect of a temperature increase is significant and close to linear, at high temperatures it gradually weakens due to the saturation of the physical properties of the medium. The temperature coefficient indicates that with an increase in temperature, the velocity of the propagation of acoustic waves in the medium increases, which confirms the expression (10) according to the studies [118]:  
\[K_{T}=\frac{\
u}{\
u_{0}}=\sqrt{1+\frac{T}{T_{0}}} \tag{10}\]  
where \(\
u_{0}\) is the velocity of the propagation of acoustic waves at room temperature, m/s; \(\
u\) is the velocity of propagation of acoustic waves at the current temperature of the medium, m/s; \(T_{0}\) is the room temperature, 293 K; and \(T\) is the current temperature of the medium, K.  
(d) The coefficient of acoustic impedance (\(Z\)) determines the efficiency of the sound wave transmission between media and is calculated by Formula (11), according to the work [119]:  
\[Z=\frac{Z_{2}-Z_{1}}{Z_{2}+Z_{1}} \tag{11}\]  
where \(Z_{1}\) and \(Z_{2}\) are the acoustic impedances of the media through which the wave passes. The coefficient of acoustic impedance shows how much of the sound wave energy will be reflected or transmitted across the boundary of the medium. The greater the impedance difference, the more energy is reflected, reducing the efficiency of wave transmission. Acoustic impedance (measured in Pa-s/m) determines how much the medium resists the propagation of acoustic waves. An increase in impedance values leads to the greater reflection of sound waves at the interface between media and reduces the energy transfer across the interface. The dependence is important for understanding how acoustic waves interact with the boundaries of materials with different properties. The general equation to describe the interaction of acoustic waves with the environment, taking into account the coefficients accordingly, will have the form (12):  
\[\
u(\theta,\rho,T,Z)=\
u_{0}\cdot K_{T}\cdot K_{\theta}\cdot e^{-\alpha\cdot d} \frac{1}{\sqrt{Z}} \tag{12}\]  
The transformation of physical parameters, such as the temperature of the environment, the angle of incidence of the wave, the concentration of suspended particles, and the acoustic impedance, into the corresponding coefficients--the temperature, angular correction, absorption, and acoustic impedance--ensures the standardization of data and the simplification of mathematical models. The proposed general formula for calculating the propagation speed of acoustic waves takes into account the errors of the specified parameters of the environment. It is shown that changes in the parameters of the environment (such as the temperature, particle concentration, wave incidence angle, and acoustic impedance) affect the corresponding coefficients: the temperature coefficient, absorption coefficient, angular correction, and acoustic impedance coefficient.