# Blockchain-Based E-Voting Mechanisms: A Survey and a Proposal +
## 2 Related Work  
In this section, we briefly review the recent works in related surveys on existing blockchain-based voting systems. [PERSON] et al. [1] explore the integration of blockchain technology in electronic voting systems, examining its potential to enhance the accuracy, security, and convenience of e-voting processes. The paper discusses the progression of e-voting, addressing how blockchain can resolve prevalent issues. It also discusses various current implementations of blockchain in e-voting, highlighting both general e-voting challenges and specific technical hurdles in blockchain applications. Common e-voting challenges discussed include secure digital identity management, ensuring anonymous vote-casting, personalized ballot processing, and enabling voters to verify their own ballot casting. Moreover, the paper explores technical difficulties such as high initial setup costs, escalating security concerns, prevention of evidence tampering, and balancing transparency with voter privacy. Another significant issue is the existing lack of transparency and trust in e-voting systems. By integrating blockchain technology, many of these longstanding issues in traditional e-voting systems can be largely mitigated. Nonetheless, this work identifies unique challenges that emerge with blockchain-based e-voting systems. These include scalability and processing overheads, constraints due to scalability, block size limitations, and sensitivity to varying demands in voter participation. These challenges underscore the complexity of implementing blockchain in e-voting systems and highlight the need for ongoing research and development in this evolving field. [PERSON] et al. [2] offer an in-depth look on various companies that use blockchain-based e-voting systems. A system called Follow My Vote [3] aims to offer a secure online voting platform based on blockchain. The system allows voters to audit the ballot box and see election progress in real-time. They also use a webcam and user ID for remote, secure voting, which enables voters to confirm their votes. Agora [4] proposes a blockchain-based digital voting platform which features immediate recording of votes on multiple blockchain layers and offers tamper-proof results and full auditability while being able to maintain voter privacy. Voatz [5] offers a smartphone-based voting system for public elections using blockchain where voters verify their identity through the application using a photo of themselves and their ID, along with either a fingerprint or other biometric evidence. Polyas [6] incorporates blockchain into its e-voting system which is widely used in Germany and is currently expanding to North America and European nations. Luxoft [7] is a global IT service provider that developed an e-voting system for its elections in Switzerland. This work also offers a discussion of some current trends in blockchain-based e-voting systems and protocols, including the quantum blockchain voting protocol, bearable new e-voting protocol, verify-your-vote protocol, blockchain-based e-voting without a trusted third party, end-to-end privacy voting protocol, and others. Of these techniques, the quantum blockchain voting protocol discussed in [8] presents an advancement in security using three different quantum techniques. The system discussed in [9] uses a secret sharing scheme and homomorphic encryption scheme which allows for voting to be trusted without a third party and provides transparent voting while maintaining voter anonymity. [PERSON] et al. also examine the pros and cons on various other blockchain-based e-voting protocols. [PERSON] et al. [10] presents an in-depth exploration of blockchain structure, examining various types of blockchains, including public, private, and consortium.