## 2 The Use of TsADs in Orthodontics  
TsADs (temporary skeletal anchorage devices) are widely used in orthodontics to correct malocclusions. They support the retraction of anterior teeth, protraction of posterior teeth, as well as vertical and lateral control of the jaw teeth [15]. They are used for the treatment of mild and moderate dent alveolar dysplasia, as well as for transverse correction with minimal widening of the maxillary alveolar process segments, for closing the bite with intrusion of molars, for correcting a cross bite in combination with a small segmental osteotomy, and for correcting anterior tilts [17]. TSADs support the correction of malocclusions using segmented archeries that affect the front and back teeth separately, thus maintaining greater control of their movement. The advantage of TSAD is its strong and durable anchorage, the loss of which has so far been a common problem when segmented archeries are used [25]. One of the main applications of TSAD is the retraction of anterior teeth after premolar extraction in the treatment of bimaxillary protrusion [11; 12; 13; 14]. Protrusions are as follows: bimaxillary or maxillary-alveolar protrusions are among the most common malocclusions treated orthodontically all over the world [11; 12]. One- or two-maximillary extraction of the first or second premolars is often necessary to create space for the retraction of the incisors and canines [11; 14]. Sometimes removing four teeth is the most effective solution, although this solution is not always accepted by patients [14; 43]. There are two main methods of retraction of anterior teeth, i.e., the two-step method--\"two-step anterior teeth retraction\" (TSR), where first the canines are retracted and then the incisors, which is usually combined with conventional anchoring of the braces, and the one-stage method--\"en masse retraction (ER), where the canines and incisors are simultaneously retracted. Many articles focus on the use of TSAD in this method, comparing the therapeutic and aesthetic effects achieved, the duration of treatment, and its impact on the skeleton, teeth, and soft tissues [11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 43; 44; 45; 46]. In the case of the two-stage method, the advantage is that fewer teeth are incorporated into the anchor unit than in the case of ER, so it is more difficult to destabilize it, and standard anchoring methods can usually be used. However, the separate introduction of incisors and canines into the arch has its limitations, i.e., there is a risk that the canines become excessively rotated and tilted, and the therapy itself is prolonged [11; 44; 45]. In turn, the use of en masse retraction using TSAD and T-loop wires allows for much more precise control over tooth movements and ensures optimal distribution of forces acting on them, thanks to which it is possible to supervise \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Keywords** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Results in PubMed**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Results in Web of Science**} \\ \hline  & **Total** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Time** \\ **2020–2024** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total** \\ **2020–2024** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline “CBCT AND orthodontics” & 2701 & 1342 & 1101 & 512 \\ \hline “CBCT AND artificial intelligence” & 234 & 215 & 266 & 251 \\ \hline “TSAD AND orthodontics” & 13 & 8 & 7 & 5 \\ \hline “TSAD AND en masse retraction” & 2 & 1 & 3 & 2 \\ \hline “Biocreative orthodontic strategy” & 10 & 3 & 2 & 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Illustrating the number of articles available in the PubMed and Web of Science databases after entering the phrases “CBCT AND orthodontics”, “CBCT AND artificial intelligence”, “TSAD AND orthodontics”, “TSAD AND en masse retraction”, and “Biocreative orthodontic strategy”. The largest number of results was achieved when searching for the phrase “CBCT AND orthodontics” in the PubMed search engine (2701 results), of which almost half of the articles were published in the last 4 years (2020–2024).