# Post-Flood Risk Management and Resilience Building Practices: A Case Study
## 6 Results and Discussions
### Survey Results
#### 6.2.3 Recovery from Disaster Rehabilitation  
Figure 7 shows the pattern and sources of recovery from disaster in flood-hit localities. As the 2010 flood caused havoc in the riverine area, houses were destroyed, almost 74% population reported that they had to rebuild their houses. In BAK, 80% of respondents rebuilt their houses. Moreover, 26% of the population repaired houses with a maximum number of respondents from SW. In the case study area, katcha and pakka houses (mud or adobe houses) were seen. People use mud, bamboo, sheets made of bamboo sticks, wood, and bricks as a building material for the construction of their houses. Besides, 48% of respondents reported that Non-government and International organizations helped them to rebuild their houses. In LN, 70% reported that their houses were rebuilt by NGOs and 20% in SW got help from the government to rebuild their houses. In KHS, 64% population informed that they helped themselves to repair and rebuild their houses by taking soft loans from relatives or by selling their livestock. It can be concluded that the government and organizations responsible for post-disaster recovery did not satisfy the community in KHS and SW. Figure 8a below depicts the repairing of a deteriorated house in 2010 and after floods in KQN (one of the villages of LN). While Figure 8b depicts the rebuilt houses by the Integrated Development Support Program (IDSP), which is one of the local NGOs working in district Layyah. Hence it can be concluded that NGOs (IDSP and Awami Development Authority) and self-help of the community were the two prominent factors in rehabilitation with minimum contribution from the local government after the 2010 floods in district Layyah. Figure 9 shows the community participation to get their lives back to a normal routine after the flood when they reached their communities from flood relief camps. 56% of the whole community responded that they gathered materials from their deteriorated buildings and helped themselves to fix their houses, while 70% population of LN reported similar findings. In BAK, the maximum population reported that they did nothing to help themselves as their locality was fully devastated and waited for assistance from organizations and government, while 22% of the community did not respond. As concluded by [40], community flood disaster risk management relies upon the participation and active role of the stakeholders in each locality. Moreover, The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (2009) stated that the best way to reduce the disaster risks is to strengthen the communities around the world and increase their resilience so that they can combat  
Figure 7: Rehabilitation practices and sources in flood-affected localities. adverse situations [17; 41; 42]. Similarly, the Hyogo Framework (2005-2015) perceived the necessity of producing resilient communities plus established methods to build it by (1) Preparing policies that are integrated with disaster prevention, preparedness, mitigation, and reduction of vulnerability (2) Increasing the local capacity to build hazard resilience (3) Introducing the attributes of risk reduction, emergency preparedness, response, recovery, and reconstruction into the policies for the disaster management [43; 44]. Figure 10 illustrates that people live in a hazardous area despite the river erosion. Figure 8: (**a**): A repaired house by an old respondent in LN, district Layyah. (**b**): Rebuilt houses in a row for one of the villages of union council, LN, district Layyah. Figure 9: Community participation in flood-affected community. Figure 11 shows the local indigenous practices taken during and post-flood conditions, along with the knowledge gained by the community from the 2010 flood event in district Layyah. 36% of people said that they started using a tractor tube for crossing, rescuing their family and other assets by themselves. 5% of the population reported that they use Sandhari for crossing flood water to reach a rescue point in case of emergency.