## 3 Results and Discussion
### Heavy Metals Content in Raspberry Fruit
According to the Food Standards Agency report, the content of this element in commercially available fruit and vegetables grown in As- enriched areas, and those devoid of this element was 0.0087 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) FW (fresh weight) and 0.0026 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) FW, respectively [29]. In this study, the average As content for conventional crops in 2020 and in 2021, calculated per fresh weight, was 0.067 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) and 0.004 mg kg\({}^{-1}\), respectively. The chromium content of the analysed samples varied enormously depending on the year of cultivation and ranged from 3.91-3.76 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) in 2020 to 0.03-0.10 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) in 2021. In the second year of cultivation, the results were mutually insignificant; however, statistical significance was observed when compared to first year results. In 2021, the chromium content of organically grown fruits was statistically significant compared to wild-growing raspberry. [PERSON] et al. [8] reported various Cr amounts in the examined raspberries (_Rubus ideas_ L.) cv. _Willamette_ and these values were not at the same level in the subsequent years of cultivation. According to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [30] the Cr content in raspberry fruits was 0.76 mg kg\({}^{-1}\), while the mean value given by [PERSON] [24] amounted to 0.54 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) DW for raspberries from different locations in Montenegro. In the second harvest year, there were statistically significant differences in zinc content in raspberries from organic farming and wild-growing ones. In those from organic farming, the Zn content increased markedly (from 27.52 to 32.18 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) DW), while in wild-growing raspberries it decreased (from 35.76 to 32.92 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) DW). The results obtained for Zn content by other authors were lower [8; 31; 32] or higher [33], compared to our findings. In addition, the authors report slightly lower zinc contents in raspberry fruits (22.93, 25.34 and 21.63 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) DW depending on the type of soil [34] and slightly higher amounting to 33.6 mg kg\({}^{-1}\)[30]. In turn, [PERSON] et al. [35], who examined various raspberry varieties, determined average Zn content in red _Rubus Ideues_ raspberries at the level of 23.55 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) DW, which is lower than in this study. Other authors also obtained a similar zinc content (3.7 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) FW), where in terms of FW, conventionally cultivated raspberry had 3.69 mg kg\({}^{-1}\)[36; 37]. In comparison with the other examined raspberry fruits, the highest Mn content was recorded in wild-growing raspberry fruits (340.71 and 100.90 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) depending on the year of harvest). There was also a statistically significant increase in its content, by 328%, in organically grown raspberries. Lower levels were reported by other authors [8; 34; 35]. Manganese content stated by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [30] in _Rubus ideues_ was similar to the value determined in the organic raspberry fruits harvested in 2021 and was 89.3 mg kg\({}^{-1}\). The Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) for manganese has been established by Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board at 11.0 mg for adults over the age of 19, regardless of gender. The content of this element in wild-growing raspberries harvested in 2020 and 2021 as well as in organic fruit from 2021 was too high, as it amounted to 64.51 mg, 18.99 mg and 13.03 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) when calculated per fresh weight. Such a high Mn content may have an adverse effect on human health. The highest copper content, however, statistically insignificant, showed in wild-growing raspberry fruits. The results noted for the organic raspberries in two years of cultivation were close. In the fruits of conventional cultivation, a different content of this element was observed and increased significantly from 4.78 to 5.76 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) DW compared to the first year. Similar observations of copper content were made by other authors [8; 34]. The results observed were also lower [31] or higher, amounting to 8.4 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) DW [30; 33]. The Cu content determined by [PERSON] et al.