The proposal was evaluated using simulations of a real monitoring scenario, and the obtained results are highly encouraging. The author in [11] presents a real-time communication model for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW-ASN) that are designed to cover wide areas with a low density of nodes, using any-to-any communication. UWSN also includes small, antenna-mounted nodes with the help of a pressure gauge, bladder devices, and a depth controller [12]. The UWSN's general architecture comprises sensor nodes that are deployed inside the water, and the sink nodes are at the sea surface. Sensor nodes communicate with each other through an acoustic signal, and sink nodes communicate with each other and with the base station through a radio signal. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{85.4 pt} p{85.4 pt} p{85.4 pt}} \hline \hline
**Serial** & **Properties** & **Radio Signal** & **Acoustic Signal** \\ \hline
1 & Waves & Electromagnetic waves & Mechanical waves \\ \hline
2 & Nature & Transverse & Longitudinal \\ \hline
3 & Polarization & Polarize & Cannot polarize \\ \hline
4 & Propagation & Very fast, Speed of light & Very slow, 1500 m/s \\ \hline
5 & Production & Produced from moving charged particles & Produced from vibration of objects \\ \hline
6 & Medium & No need & Needed \\ \hline
7 & Bandwidth & 3 kHz–300 GHz & 5 kHz–15 kHz \\ \hline
8 & Deployment Cost & Less expensive & More expensive \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Properties of Radio and Acoustic SignalsThe proposed work, Betta and Dolphin Pods Routing via Energy Scarcity Aware protocol (BDREA) for packet forwarding from the forwarding nodes considers the first and second hops of the source node, i.e., the net packet advancement from source to the second hop, the network traffic, the distance to the centralized station, and the inverse normalized energy of the forwarding zone. DOW-PR for UWSN is intended to address some of the issues that WDFAD-DBR faces. Suppressed nodes and prospective forwarding nodes are just a few of the parameters that DOW-PR has defined (PFNs). In BDREA, we evaluate not just two-hop communication, but also the energy status of the PFNs and the number of suppressed nodes during transmission. BDREA considers the path with nodes on the second hop and their optimal position, the number of PFNs present at the forwarded node, and the total normalized energies in the forwarding path. As more PFNs are transmitted, the likelihood of making more duplicate packets rises, as more transmission equals more packets being transmitted, which leads to greater packet duplication. As a result, DOW-PR considers only those paths for two-hop communication that have a low number of PFNs at both the first and second hop, in order to enhance the network's resilience and decrease the production of redundant packets while ensuring energy balancing and energy consumption. BDREA will evaluate the node from those suppressed links that have sufficient PFNs other than the source node if a void hole occurs at the second hop; the packets will not be lost in DOW-PR in this manner. In comparison to the DOW-PR networks, the BDREA networks consume substantially less energy, deliver more packets to the sink node, and have a longer lifespan. Energy is the lifeblood of every sensor network, be it on land or in the water. The underwater routing, on the other hand, necessitates special consideration because batteries are used as a source of power in underwater sensor networks and cannot be simply recharged or replaced during data transmission. UWSNs are additionally hindered by variables such as the narrow bandwidth of acoustic signals, the higher power consumption for transmission, and the increased delay rate. When the batteries in the sensor nodes fail, we face a major threat, such as packet transmission failure or even network failure. Therefore, BDREA focuses on energy-based routing and maintenance in order to extend the life of the networks, and to avoid the formation of holes in the network's energy supply.