## 3 Results
### General Characteristics of Studies
#### 3.2.1 Correlations Between Gaze Behavior and Shooting Performance
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Study**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Participants**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Variable**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(n\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Age (years)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Sex**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Competition**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Gaze Behavior**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Shooting Performance**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Main Findings**} \\  & & & & **Level** & & & **PD (ms)** & & **FD (ms)** & **SA (\%)** & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et. al. \\ (2002) [9] \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{10} & \multirow{2}{*}{27.5 \(\pm\) 10.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{M} & \multirow{2}{*}{Elite} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \(353\pm 34\) & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \(17.5\pm 12.6\) (no-vision) & Full vision improved both FFD and SA \\  & & & & & \(357\pm 35\) & & \(61.5\pm 7.4\) (full-vision) & \\  & & & & & (full-vision) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et. al. \\ (2017) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{13} & \multirow{2}{*}{20.9 \(\pm\) 2.4} & \multirow{2}{*}{M} & \multirow{2}{*}{Elite} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \(797.698\pm 508.770\) & \multirow{2}{*}{65.38\% (free-throw)} & Free throws had a longer FD and a higher SA (\(p<0.001\)). \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & & \(355.547\pm 124.929\) & 48.37\% (jump shot) & & Free throws had a longer FD and a higher SA (\(p<0.05\)). \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & (jump shot) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et. al. \\ (2017) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{18} & \multirow{2}{*}{23.88 \(\pm\) 7.56} & \multirow{2}{*}{M/F} & \multirow{2}{*}{Elite} & \multirow{2}{*}{QE percentage} & \multirow{2}{*}{Shooting score} & QE duration decreased significantly under pressure (\(p<0.05\)). \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & & \(707.41\pm 345.45\) & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & Closer distances led to longer FD and higher SA (\(p<0.05\)). \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & (free throw) & & & Closer FD and higher SA (\(p<0.05\)). \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & & \(259.9\pm 153.06\) (ball) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et. al. \\ (2021) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{10} & \multirow{2}{*}{24.8 \(\pm\) 4.52} & \multirow{2}{*}{M} & \multirow{2}{*}{Elite} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \(259.9\pm 153.06\) (film)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Taller players \\ demonstrated \\ backboard SA \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & & & & & \(273.55\pm 161.96\) & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \(84\pm 4.47\) (higher) & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Taller players \\ demonstrated better \\ backboard SA \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & & & & & \(282.95\pm 190.3\) (backboard) & & (\(p<0.05\)). \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & \(364\pm 191\) & & \(52.2\pm 8.1\) (undefended) & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Defensive pressure \\ reduced FFD and SA \\ \((p<0.05)\) \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & \(443\pm 221\) & & & \(51.3\pm 15\) (defended) & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Defensive pressure \\ reduced FFD and SA \\ \((p<0.05)\) \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \& \\ [PERSON] \\ (2015) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{22 \(\pm\) 3} & \multirow{2}{*}{F} & \multirow{2}{*}{Near-elite} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \(916\pm 272\) & & The FD was longer for successful shots (\(p<0.05\)). \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & & & \((p<0.05\)). \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Overview of studies reporting the correlations between gaze behaviors and shooting performance. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c} Elite \textgreater{} near-elite in QE duration, FFD and SA (\(p<0.01\)). \\ (\(p<0.01\)). \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._