# Resveratrol: A Review on the Biological Activity and Applications
## 19 Conclusions  
Stilbenoids are natural compounds of the C6-C2-C6 type, consisting of two benzene nuclei linked together by an ethylene bridge. The double bond between the two benzene nuclei can have an \(E\) (_trans_) or \(Z\) (_cis_) configuration. The _trans_ configuration is the predominant form, much more pharmacologically active. For their role as phytoalgebras, hormones that trigger defense mechanisms, stillbenoids are synthesized by the plant kingdom in response to external stimuli, such as infection or UV radiation. More than 1000 stilbenoids have been isolated and identified, the best known of which are the natural components RSV, picacid, piceatannol, pterostilbene, astringin, rapntigenol, viniferin, pallidol, hopeaphenol. Grapes are the main source of natural stilbenoids. RSV is a potential chemopreventive agent, both in vivo and in vitro, considering its inhibitory effects on cellular processes associated with cancer induction and progression. The influence of RSV on numerous enzyme systems explains its antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic potential. In some bioassay systems, RSV has been shown to provide protection against several types of cancer, e.g., leukemia and lymphoma, glioma, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, gastric carcinoma, colorectal cancer, lung carcinoma, cervical cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, prostate cancer. RSV has an antioxidant effect but also numerous pharmacological actions useful for maintaining cardiovascular health and protection against aging, especially against diseases associated with aging, neurodegeneration (AD, PD), neurotoxicity, brain injuries, inflammatory, metabolic (hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, obesity, hepatic steatosis, synaptic impairment, PCOS) or immune diseases, and some types of cancer. RSV modulates signaling pathways that limit the spread of tumor cells, protects nerve cells from damage, is useful in the prevention of diabetes, and generally acts as an anti-aging agent that alleviates the symptoms of aging. It was highlighted that RSV could ameliorate the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle caused by an exaggerated caloric intake. Also, RSV exhibited bone protection, wound healing, and antimicrobial and antiviral properties. RSV has a generally non-toxic profile but requires careful dosing to maximize benefits while minimizing adverse effects. RSV bioavailability varies among individuals and is influenced by factors like diet composition and metabolism. Compared with the oral route, RSV has a good skin penetrating capacity and a low rate of degradation, ensuring an improved and long-lasting effect. The use of nanoformulations and advanced delivery systems enhances RSV's stability and tissue targeting. Moderate consumption of RW over a long period of time protects the body against CHDs and could be the main factor responsible for the so-called \"French paradox\". The UHPLC-MS analysis explored the influence of grape type and wine style on _t_RSV concentrations and enhanced the knowledge of how this phenolic compound varies within Romanian wine samples.  
Conceptualization, L.E.B, I.B. and G.D.M.; methodology, A.B., A.-E.S., A.R., A.D. and M.V.C.; writing--original draft preparation, L.E.B., A.B. and G.D.M.; writing--review and editing, A.B., I.B. and G.D.M.; supervision, L.E.B., I.B. and C.B.; funding acquisition, I.B. and A.-E.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Sample** & _Trans_-**Resveratrol Amount [ng/mL]** \\ \hline W1 & 243.291 \(\pm\) 2.51 \\ W2 & 372.042 \(\pm\) 2.75 \\ W3 & 108.487 \(\pm\) 1.98 \\ W4 & 69.166 \(\pm\) 1.05 \\ \hline \end{tabular} White wine samples: W1: Feteascá Regalá; W3: Dry Muscat. Red wine samples: W2: Feteascá Neagra; W4: Cabernet Sauvignon.  
\end{table}
Table 2: _Trans_-resveratrol amounts detected in Romanian wine samples.