## 10 Conclusions  
In the aqueous system, cyanobacteria can be lysed by cyanophages, which, in turn, release dissolved carbon and nutrients. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays essential roles in the ocean's recycling system. By creating sticky lysates, phages can effectively shuttle organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. Cyanophages play a vital role in the evolution of cyanobacteria, exerting control over cyanobacterial abundance, population dynamics, and the structure of natural communities. They serve as a global reservoir of genetic information, functioning as vectors for gene transfer and endowing cyanobacteria with new properties that influence the rate and direction of evolutionary processes. Lysogeny markedly contributes to the maintenance of the gene pool and facilitates ecological adaptation among cyanobacteria. The integration of multiple cyanobacterial genes into cyanophage genomes provides evidence of genetic transfer between hosts and phages, which drives adaptive microevolutionary processes. Molecular analyses of cyanophage-host interactions strongly support the concept of coevolution between cyanophages and cyanobacterial genomes [128]. From the 1990s until now, there has been an increase in the number of cyanophages that have been isolated and their genomes sequenced. It is evident that there are many homologous genes between cyanophages and their host, and it is possible for genetic material exchange and cell metabolism to occur after infection. In our review, all publicly accessible cyanophage genomes in NCBI were found, and 45 AMGs, which play a key role in the metabolism process, were identified in these cyanophage genomes. These were evaluated and categorized into five categories. It was shown that there are twelve genes involved in photosynthesis, six genes involved in carbon metabolism, five genes involved in methylation, three genes involved in phosphate metabolism, and 15 regulatory factor genes. After phage infection, the biosynthesis of PBS is enhanced through the expression of photosynthesis family genes from cyanophages. In order to supply more ATP for cyanophage DNA biosynthesis, the expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis are also enhanced. Cyanophages also redirect carbon flux away from carbon fixation pathways towards dNTP and energy production, which may be used for the generation and assembly of cyanophages. Through the enhancement of phosphate metabolism genes, increased phosphate can be used for augmented DNA synthesis following infection. The regulatory genes in cyanophages can improve the activity and stability of some metabolism pathways. Finally, the methylation-related genes can improve the infection process by preventing host cleavage. Together, these AMGs not only play a beneficial role in the cyanophage during the infection cycle but, on the whole, appear to make a substantial contribution to increasing photosynthesis and global oxygen levels. The ability to enhance an infected host's biosynthetic capability confers potential advantage to a phage, providing further carbon flux that may be channeled toward phage replication [54; 55; 129]. From an ecological and biotechnological viewpoint, an enhanced understanding of these infection processes holds the opportunity to use them as non-GM tools for organism engineering, enhancing their usefulness as chemical factories and potentially harnessing them for accelerated carbon capture and oxygen generation. The role of cyanophages in contributing to specialized metabolites, such as the production of halometabolites, is intriguing and will form the core of prominent future research. Data analysis, Y.W. ; supported by R.J.M.G. and H.C.; Writing--All authors contributed to the writing, review and editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. We thank BBSRC BB/T017058/1 (Y.W.) IBioIC, MASTS, Xanthella (S.F. ), and the Royal Society (R.J.M.G.) for financial support. All data analysed in this study is obtained from the NCBI database.