## 3 Results and Discussion
These environmental conditions are important to determine and control for effective plant development. Quantum efficiency is fundamental for the design of lighting systems in controlled agriculture, such as greenhouses or vertical farming systems, where artificial light is used to maximize photosynthesis. In another study, [PERSON] et al. [33] indicated that exposure to glyphosate can cause alterations in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts in eucalyptus plants, which could negatively influence quantum efficiency. Glyphosate can inhibit chlorophyll synthesis by interfering with the production of key precursors, leading to a decrease in the ability of plants to capture light energy and effectively photosynthesize. Other studies showed that herbicide application to soybean significantly reduced chlorophyll content, which is related to a lower rate of photosynthesis and compromised plant growth [34]. Chlorophyll is not only essential for light absorption during photosynthesis but also plays a key role in protecting plant tissues against photooxidative damage. As chlorophyll concentration decreases, plants suffer a reduction in biomass and their overall capacity for growth and development. A similar study by [PERSON] et al. [35] observed that soybean plants treated with glyphosate showed a significant reduction in PSII quantum efficiency and a decrease in chlorophyll concentration. On the other hand, the study of [PERSON] et al. [14] indicated that a glyphosate dosage of 360 g a.e. ha\({}^{-1}\) or more resulted in >60% leaf damage and a more than 10-fold increase in shikimate accumulation. On the other hand, in the study of [PERSON] et al. [14], whose experimentation was carried out under field conditions in Ghana, the sensitivity of cocoa plantations to spraying with different doses of glyphosate was also indicated. The authors found that glyphosate doses \(\geq\)360 g a.e. ha\({}^{-1}\) caused leaf damage to more than 60% of plant structures, a greater than 10-fold increase in shikimate accumulation and a significant decrease in chlorophyll content. These findings highlight the need to develop and promote the use of herbicides with more specific active ingredients in order to minimize the collateral impact on non-target plants. Figure 1: Three-dimensional scatter plot of biochemical reactions and photosynthetic health of cocoa seedlings as a function of different doses of glyphosate. Euclidean distance was calculated considering the following variables: shikimate accumulation, chlorophyll content and PSII quantum efficiency. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the Evaluation of Phytotoxic Reaction and Growth Parameters (Height, Diameter)  
Table 1 shows the results of the investigation with respect to phytotoxic reaction and growth parameters. The findings indicated that there were similarities between treatments in terms of crop damage, height and stem diameter. Higher concentrations of the herbicide inhibited plant development, while lower concentrations showed fewer adverse effects. The means obtained allowed establishing that the most efficient treatment was DO4, using a dose of 80 g e.a. ha\({}^{-1}\) since the seedlings treated with this dosage showed a low percentage of damage and the best indices in terms of height and diameter. The least efficient treatment was D15 because the seedlings with this dosage showed a lower development and the second-highest percentage of damage to the crop. Leaf damage was measured in percentages, showing necrosis, chlorosis and wilting of the plant. Cocoa plants belonging to the control treatment (DO1) showed a crop damage of >50% because the absence of control favored the proliferation of weeds. A similar result occurred with the study of [PERSON] [31]: the control proved to be lower due to the high density of weeds competing for light, nutrients and space. The doses of 803 and 904 g e.e. ha\({}^{-1}\) caused leaf scorch in young leaves, as well as changes in the shape of leaf margins and depigmentation along the leaflets. After application of doses of 144 and 288 g a.e.