## 3 Results  
### Periodontal Profile in the Study Groups  
The general and periodontal characteristics of the two analyzed groups are presented by comparison in Table 1.  
In group 1, over 50% of the patients displayed inflammation symptoms: bleeding--83.05% (n = 49) and gingival edema--52.54% (n = 31). Mean DM was 1.37. Mean GR was 1.68 mm. Mean PPD was 2.37 mm, with a mean CAL of 3.56 mm. Of all teeth, the most frequently missing was the upper first permanent molar (35%, n = 83), followed by the lower first permanent molar (31%, n = 73). Through the diagnosis based on the 2018 case definition for periodontitis, our first batch included: 3 patients (5.08%) with stage 1 (mild form), 10 (16.94%) with stage 2 (moderate form) and 46 (77.96%) with a stage 3-4 (severe form). The mean values of the measurable parameters in each periodontitis stage subgroup are summarized in Table 2.  
In group 2, the control group, gingival bleeding was identified in 75% (n = 15) of patients, and gingival edema was recorded in 30% of them (n = 6). Mean DM was 0.47. Mean GR was 0.52 mm, with a mean PPD of 1.13 mm and a CAL of 1.28 mm. The most frequently absent tooth was the upper first permanent molar (23%, n = 20). According to the 2018 periodontal classification criteria, 7 patients (35%) had mild periodontitis (stage 1), 5 (25%) presented a moderate form (stage 2) and 8 (40%) a severe one (stage 3-4). The mean values of the measurable parameters in each periodontitis stage subgroup are summarized in Table 3.  
The statistical analysis between the study and control groups showed no significant differences concerning gingival edema (\(p\) = 0.080) and bleeding on probing (\(p\) = 0.427) in patients with both CKD and periodontitis, compared to patients with periodontitis \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Characteristics** & **Group 1** & **Group 2** \\  & **(n = 59)** & **(n = 20)** \\ \hline Age (mean \(\pm\) SD) & 58.56 \(\pm\) 14.00 & 35.25 \(\pm\) 9.28 \\ Gender (\(\#\), \%) & 28 (47.40) & 16 (80.00) \\ Male & 31 (52.60) & 4 (20.00) \\ Environment (\(\#\), \%) & 12 (30.40) & 19 (95.00) \\ Urban & 47 (79.60) & 1 (5.00) \\ Rural (mean) & 1.37 & 0.47 \\ Bleeding on probing (\(\#\), \%) & 49 (83.05) & 15 (75.00) \\ Gingival edema (\(\#\), \%) & 31 (52.54) & 6 (30.00) \\ GR (mean, mm) & 1.68 & 0.52 \\ PPD (mean, mm) & 2.37 & 1.13 \\ CAL (mean, mm) & 3.56 & 1.28 \\ Periodontitis stage (\(\#\), \%) & 3 (5.08) & 7 (35.00) \\ Moderate stage & 10 (16.94) & 5 (25.00) \\ Severe stage & 46 (77.96) & 8 (40.00) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \(\#\)–number of patients, \(\%\)—percentage.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: General and periodontal characteristics within the study and control groups. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Periodontitis** & **DM (Mean** & **GR (Mean** & **PPD (Mean** & **CAL (Mean** \\
**Staging** & **Value)** & **Value, mm)** & **Value, mm)** & **Value, mm)** \\ \hline Stage 1 (mild) & 1.51 & 0.98 & 1.21 & 0.20 \\ n = 3 & 1.06 & 1.45 & 2.08 & 1.33 \\ Stage 2 (moderate) & 1.38 & 1.80 & 2.68 & 4.65 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Periodontal parameters in the study group in correspondence to periodontitis staging. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Periodontitis** & **DM (Mean** & **GR (Mean** & **PPD (Mean** & **CAL (Mean** \\
**Staging** & **Value)** & **Value, mm)** & **Value, mm)** & **Value, mm)** \\ \hline Stage 1 (mild) & 0.54 & 0.82 & 1.32 & 0.61 \\ n = 7 & 0.40 & 0.34 & 1.28 & 1.09 \\ Stage 2 (moderate) & 0.44 & 0.38 & 0.93 & 1.78 \\ n = 8 & 0.44 & 0.38 & 0.93 & 1.78 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Periodontal parameters in the control group in correspondence to periodontitis staging. and unaffected systemic condition. On the other hand, we registered highly statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning DM (\(p\) = 0.000), GR (\(p\) = 0.000), PPD (\(p\) = 0.000) and CAL (\(p\) = 0.000) (Figure 1).