## 1 Introduction  
Whether it is called \"Cyber-Physical Production Systems\", \"Industry 4.0\" or \"Factory of Future\" [1], an important evolution, driven by innovative information and communication technologies (ICT), is currently on the edge of happening in industry. The introduction of new technologies and concepts are meant to induce a major change in the way the manufacturing systems are controlled. Among others, the main challenges industry is facing concern data protection and data security, integration in the value chain, the loss of control in internals, and the human-machine hierarchy [2]. These subjects have been dealt with for more than a decade now, but an empirical assessment can allow a consensus: penetration of Industry 4.0 principles in industry is currently very low. In 2017, a study on Czech industry [3] illustrated the feelings of industrial companies about these principles. After interviewing more than 150 companies, the main reason given by the companies as to why Industry 4.0 principles were not applied in their context was a lack of knowledge about the topic, and half of the companies did not even intend to try and integrate these new principles. Even if the perimeter of the study was relatively small, the results were similar to figures that can be found from other sources (e.g., only 32% of US companies were using or were on the edge of using Industrial Internet of Things technologies as of 2017 [4]). These results are symptomatic of a reality that everyone is facing every day: the current period is still one of dissemination of the concept--proof of feasibility and persuasion of decision-makers, rather than broad and rapid dissemination. This statement is even more true when dealing with SMEs. The investment costs and the industrial risk of deep transformations of production equipment are major issues for this type of industry [5]. The UK recently launched an innovative program, targeted at SMEs, aiming at disseminating the concepts via low-cost implementations of simple prototypes in their environments [6]. This project is intended to have many benefits in the mid-term for companies, as it is meant to answer to some of their main concerns about Industry 4.0 technologies [7]. However, some interesting implementations of these technologies can still be found in the literature, in various domains. Published documents about case studies generally exhibit a progressive methodology for gaining the trust of an industry toward a new technology before actual implementation. This work intends to synthesize this literature through a systematic literature study, in order to be able to provide a general framework, providing guidelines for future researchers or practitioners intending to introduce new technology to a company that has no prior knowledge in the field. Once this first implementation is successful, it is rational to believe that the company will be willing to extend it and be significantly more proactive in the integration of other technologies as its productive tools. This framework is composed of four main stages, namely Identification, Preparation, Simulation and Implementation, and is denoted as IPSI. It is intended to be used for the first implementation of technologies in a company; thus, increasing the chances of acceptance of the technologies. Three actual case studies, concerning three different technologies in three different manufacturing fields are then confronted with the framework to validate it. The article is structured as follows. The first section introduces a global overview of Industry 4.0-related technologies and the lack of methodology to support decision makers in implementing these technologies in the field. In the second section, a systematic literature review is presented, which allows to extract literature related to frameworks, and an analysis of these frameworks, which exhibited the five main features that such a framework should incorporate. The third section presents the IPSI framework and details the 10 steps required for successful implementation.