## 1 Introduction  
Worldwide, vulnerable road users such as pedestrians account for a disproportionate share of road traffic crash statistics [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 270,000 people die on roads worldwide each year, and more than 50% are located at pedestrian crossings [2]. Urbanization is one of the most significant global trends [3]. In the rapidly developing China, with the increase in urban population density, residents' travel activities are increasing day by day. As a result, the contradiction between pedestrians and motor traffic is becoming increasingly prominent, which is difficult to change in the short term. More attention has been paid to the construction of environment-friendly and humanized transportation systems. However, the actions in many regions remain at the stage of chanting slogans, and no traffic improvement measures have been proposed for pedestrian traffic. Unsignalized crossings are common traffic crossing facilities on city roads. Compared with signalized crossings, pedestrians and vehicles are difficult to separate in time and space due to the lack of traffic signal control. When pedestrians cross the street, the walking and vehicle trajectories may be intertwined on the road. This competition for road rights is very dangerous for pedestrians [4]. On the other hand, pedestrians are numerous, and their violations of the crossings also cause a great disturbance to drivers, while the relevant Chinese laws are mainly restrictions on them. For example, the \"Road Traffic Management Regulations\" for motor vehicles through the unsignalized crosswalks are as follows: when passing through the unsignalized crosswalks, shall yield to oncoming pedestrians. The authors of [5] argued that pedestrian crossing markings would only provide pedestrians with a false sense of safety. In this case, it is necessary to investigate drivers' views on pedestrian crossing behavior in unsignalized crossings to alleviate the conflict between drivers and pedestrians and improve the efficiency of traffic operation. An in-depth discussion of drivers' opinions is one of the critical components of understanding the conflict between pedestrians and drivers, which has not been extensively investigated in previous studies. Therefore, it is essential to study pedestrian crossing behavior in unsignalized crossings from the driver's perspective. The data collection method of pedestrian crossing behavior is mainly photography, but the data processing methods are different. Pedestrian behavior data can be collected through video capture of pedestrian crossing preferences, roadside and traffic characteristics, and pedestrian characteristics [6; 7]. These data can be used to establish binary logistic regression models for pedestrian crossing strategies. They also enable pedestrian behavior studies such as the effect of waiting time on dangerous pedestrian behavior and driver-pedestrian interactions during pedestrian crossings [8; 9]. Pedestrian safety is a multi-factor, multi-stakeholder issue [10]. The research of these scholars has important implications for improving pedestrian crossing safety. There are several research directions on pedestrian crossing behavior. According to the literature, nearly one-third of pedestrians use cell phones when crossing the street, including listening to music, texting, and talking on the cell phone, with texting being the riskiest [11]. Pedestrians using cell phones wait longer before crossing the street. Meanwhile, they cross the street more slowly [12; 13]. In terms of age, adult pedestrians have the fastest crossing speed than children and older pedestrians. The average speed of older pedestrians crossing the street is lower than that of child pedestrians, and a group of people crossing the street is slower than a single person crossing the street [14; 15]. Older people behave more unsafely when crossing the street than younger people.