## 1 Introduction  
Recent significant blackouts triggered by extreme weather occurrences have had disastrous economic and social impacts [1, 2]. As a result, taking necessary measures to improve a DS's resilience is vital to avoiding significant load shedding [3, 4]. Electric service restoration may be easily handled in a more resilient DS, by integrating wind turbines (WT-DGs), photovoltaic (PV-DGs) systems, and plug-in electric vehicles, and an innovative option is offered for enhancing the operation of smart grid technologies. The notion of mobile energy storage devices is used as an alternate option for transportation electrification. Following a catastrophe, fixed sources, such as DERs and MGs, may be utilized to power one island of the DS [5, 6]. However, coupling with PEV parking lots (PEV-PLs) to share energy with the electric power grid and transportable sources, such as MESSs, has the potential to greatly enhance resilience through effective scheduling across numerous islands within the DS. Because of the critical significance of DGs in supplying system loads in today's power systems, multiple studies on stationary sources in DS network restoration in various conditions have indeed been published [2, 7]. When the DS is seveDGs are commonly used in restoration [8]. When DGs are insufficient to satisfy energy demands, MGs can assemble a diverse set of distributed energy resources (DERs) to support the restoration of DS networks [9; 10]. Furthermore, the DS may be divided into many islands, each with its own MG [11]. These studies show that a DS may gain a lot from stationary DERs, particularly MGs, in terms of improving resilience against widespread blackouts. Additionally, MGs offer chances to combine MESSs [12; 13] and PEV-PLs [14] for DS service restoration due to the rising prevalence of public charging/discharging infrastructure. Numerous articles have been published up to this point regarding the operation of the smart grid under both normal and emergency circumstances. The literature for this article has been divided into categories based on the types of components: MESSs, PEV-PLs, and distribution network reconfiguration (DNR). MESSs: For the interconnection of MESSs, several studies have been conducted to use MESSs in the management of power systems under both normal [15; 16] and catastrophic events [17]. For example, the authors of [18] developed a multi-agent paradigm for service restoration in DSs with MESSs. This architecture had three layers: a physical layer connected to the DS power network, a cyber layer connected to the communication system, and a MESS transportation layer. Its goal was to restore DS functionality in disaster situations. In [19], the author suggests an integrated power, gas, and transportation energy system using two transportation networks for MESSs. In the first instance, liquid hydrogen is transported and stored, while in the second, electrical storage systems are transported. As a result, RESs were stored in MESS facilities, or injected, transported, and reutilized in the natural gas network. Additionally, the redundant power generated by RESs may be immediately stored by MESSs, and the railway transportation system transports both to the load point of electrical and gas networks. Additionally, a stochastic platform was employed to capture the inherent uncertainties in the predicted values of the load and generation of RESs. In [20], two proposed approaches were created to find the optimal distribution of SESSs and MESSs in resilient DSs when operating under extreme events. In [21], a strategy for enhancing DS resilience with MESSs was presented. To enable DS performance in isolated operation, MESSs were routed in this framework during catastrophes. The authors of [22; 23] have suggested service-restoration solutions that employ MESSs to boost DS resilience against catastrophic events and extreme weather disasters.