## 3 Selection and Scaling of Ground Motions  
Realistic responses in the seismic reaction evaluation technique are produced using actual ground motion data [66; 67]. The current study incorporated 11 horizontal ground motion excitations for hard soil types, which were obtained from the freely available NGA-West2 Database, PEER [68]. These ground motion recordings were selected in accordance with the guidelines outlined in ASCE 7-16 [33]. The NEHRP [34] site categorization scheme states that excitations are decided by referring to shear wave velocity (V\({}_{\text{S30}}\)) to indicate hard soil. Table 2 displays the specifics of the excitations. For this investigation, ground motions compatible with the design spectrum were chosen, since they can significantly save computational time [69]. In order to generate seismic excitations that are compatible with the spectral characteristics of the desired response spectrum, the time domain spectral matching method proposed by reference [70] is utilized. The mean ground excitation spectra and the target spectra for IS 1893:2016, associated with 5% damping, are shown in Figure 3. The analysis of Figure 3 reveals a clear distinction, as the mean spectra illustrated in the figure substantially surpass 90% of the target spectra as per ASCE 7-16 guidelines. This observation suggests that the mean ground excitation spectra, as represented in Figure 3, meets the requirements set forth by the ASCE 7-16 guidelines, indicating a satisfactory level of seismic performance for the analyzed structure. The first three mode shapes of the models in both directions are shown in Figures 4 and 5. The modal periods are shown in Table 3 (five-story) and Table 4 (ten-story). The modal mass participation (cumulative) percentages are displayed in Tables 5 and 6. Figure 4: Mode shape of five-story buildings. Figure 5: Mode shape of ten-story buildings. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mode** & \(\mathbf{M_{5 ref}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 bs5}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 ms5}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 bs5}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 bs7}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 bs7}}\) \\ \hline
1 st Mode (Y) & 1.13 & 1.37 & 1.28 & 1.16 & 1.77 & 1.54 & 1.20 \\
2 nd Mode (X) & 0.94 & 1.11 & 1.06 & 0.98 & 1.37 & 1.24 & 1.01 \\
3 rd Mode (R) & 0.83 & 0.98 & 0.93 & 0.85 & 1.21 & 1.07 & 0.87 \\
4 th Mode (Y) & 0.37 & 0.45 & 0.41 & 0.40 & 0.52 & 0.46 & 0.49 \\
5 th Mode (X) & 0.30 & 0.36 & 0.33 & 0.33 & 0.42 & 0.36 & 0.38 \\
6 th Mode (R) & 0.27 & 0.32 & 0.31 & 0.29 & 0.36 & 0.35 & 0.35 \\
7 th Mode (Y) & 0.21 & 0.24 & 0.24 & 0.25 & 0.25 & 0.26 & 0.30 \\
8 th Mode (X) & 0.17 & 0.19 & 0.19 & 0.19 & 0.20 & 0.21 & 0.23 \\
9 th Mode (R) & 0.16 & 0.18 & 0.18 & 0.18 & 0.19 & 0.19 & 0.23 \\
10 th Mode (Y) & 0.15 & 0.16 & 0.17 & 0.17 & 0.17 & 0.18 & 0.18 \\
11 th Mode (X) & 0.12 & 0.13 & 0.13 & 0.14 & 0.14 & 0.14 & 0.15 \\
12 th Mode (R) & 0.11 & 0.12 & 0.12 & 0.13 & 0.13 & 0.13 & 0.14 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Ten-story building models: modal periods (seconds). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mode** & \(\mathbf{M_{5 ref}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 bs5}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 ms5}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 bs5}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 bs7}}\) & \(\mathbf{M_{5 bs7}}\) \\ \hline
1 st Mode (Y) & 0.54 & 0.76 & 0.71 & 0.59 & 1.11 & 0.96 & 0.67 \\
2 nd Mode (X) & 0.44 & 0.58 & 0.56 & 0.47 & 0.81 & 0.73 & 0.53 \\
3 rd Mode (R) & 0.42 & 0.56 & 0.53 & 0.45 & 0.76 & 0.68 & 0.5 \\
4 th Mode (Y) & 0.18 & 0.23 & 0.2 & 0.25 & 0.25 & 0.22 & 0.34 \\
5 th Mode (X) & 0.14 & 0.18 & 0.16 & 0.19 & 0.20 & 0.17 & 0.25 \\
6 th Mode (R) & 0.13 & 0.17 & 0.15 & 0.18 & 0.19 & 0.16 & 0.24 \\
7 th Mode (Y) & 0.10 & 0.12 & 0.14 & 0.14 & 0.13 & 0.15 & 0.14 \\
8 th Mode (X) & 0.08 & 0.10 & 0.10 & 0.11 & 0.10 & 0.12 & 0.11 \\
9 th Mode (R) & 0.07 & 0.09 & 0.09 & 0.10 & 0.09 & 0.11 & 0.10 \\
10 th Mode (Y) & 0.06 & 0.08 & 0.08 & 0.09 & 0.08 & 0.08 & 0.08 \\
11 th Mode (X) & 0.05 & 0.06 & 0.07 & 0.07 & 0.07 & 0.07 & 0.06 \\
12 th Mode (R) & 0.11 & 0.05 & 0.06 & 0.06 & 0.06 & 0.06 & 0.05 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}