## 4 Results
### Substitutability of MEVO Municipal Electric Bike Systems against the Other Forms of Urban Transport
The data presented in Table 6 show that the monthly cost incurred by the system user who traveled using the system for no longer than 90 min per day totalled EUR 2.3. The running costs of a municipal electric bike system are presented in Table 7. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Mode of Transportation**} & **Percentage of Cases** & **Mode of Transportation** & **Percentage of Cases** \\ \hline by passenger car & 17.4 & by passenger car & 17.4 \\ by public transport & 48.5 & & \\ by private bicycle & 10.4 & sustainable forms of transportation & 81.0 \\ on foot & 21.4 & transportation & \\ in another way & 0.7 & & \\ I would abandon traveling & 1.6 & I would abandon traveling & 1.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: own elaboration based on the data obtained in the study.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: If for some reason you would not be able to travel by a MEVO municipal bike today (e.g., no bike at the start station or system failure), how would you travel to your destination? (\(n=500\)). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**How Often Do You Travel by MEVO**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**What Does the MEVO Metropolitan Bike Replace for You Most Often?**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{**Bike?**} & **Total Public Transport (\%)** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Passenger Car (Incl. Taxi, Car-Sharing, and Car-Sharing, and**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Non-Motorized Forms of Transportation (\%)**} \\  & & & **Carpooling(\%)) (\%)** & & **Transportation (\%)** \\ \hline every day & & 12.8 & & 9.5 & & 6.7 & \\ several times a week & regular users & 58.3 & 75.4 & 42.9 & 66.7 & 42.3 & 53.0 \\ once a week & & 4.3 & & 14.3 & & 4.0 & \\ \hline once a month & & 4.3 & & 0.0 & & 3.4 & \\ several times a month & occasional & 14.9 & & 23.8 & & 29.5 & \\ less than once a month & users & 5.1 & & 9.5 & & 14.1 & 47.0 \\ first time & & 0.4 & & 0.0 & & 0.0 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: own elaboration based on the data obtained in the study.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: What does the metropolitan bike replace for you most often? This regards the frequency of travel by municipal bikes. The data presented in Table 7 show the monthly costs of urban trips within the operational area of the MEVO municipal bike scheme by various forms of transport. The analysis covered the costs of travel by MEVO bikes, public transport (within the area managed by one public transport operator and within the entire metropolitan area), owned passenger cars, and passenger cars within a car-sharing scheme. During the analysis, the following assumptions were applied: a city resident travels 21 days per month (this is the monthly average number of working days in Poland) and makes 2 trips per day. In the case of individual motorized forms of transportation, it was assumed that the trip would be characterized by an average speed of 20 km/h. The data presented in the table show that fulfilling the transport needs with the use of municipal bikes was definitely the least expensive alternative. The fact that municipal bikes, as proven above, substituted passenger cars only to a small extent, even though fulfilling urban transport needs with the use of municipal bikes even involved dozens of times lower costs compared with passenger cars, proved that the cost of travel was not the main factor affecting the change of city residents' transport behavior. This conclusion is confirmed by the data presented in Table 8, presenting the mode of using municipal bikes by the respondents. The data show that most of the respondents used municipal bikes for direct trips to their destinations. Therefore, they left the bikes outside the stations of the MEVO system, which involved the need to incur an additional fee to the amount of EUR 0.5. Furthermore, the article presented analyses related to non-cost factors affecting the substitutability of municipal electric bikes against passenger cars.