# How Long Does It Take to Stop? Are Children Able to Stop on Demand?
## 4 Results Analysis
The \"running\" test configuration yielded a stopping distance ranging from 1.72 m to 1.85 m. No significant difference was found between age groups for the \"running\" test configuration (single-factorial ANOVA test, \(p\) = 0.840). The investigation yielded no statistically significant differences in the average stopping distance between male and female subjects within the specified test configurations and single age groups. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Test** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Age** \\ **Group** \\ \end{tabular} & **Number** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Min** & **Q1** & **Median** & **Q3** & **Max** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Walking} & 6 years & 32 & 0.63 & 0.23 & 0.35 & 0.45 & 0.55 & 0.78 & 1.23 \\  & 7 years & 17 & 0.53 & 0.28 & 0.23 & 0.35 & 0.40 & 0.63 & 1.20 \\  & 8 years & 23 & 0.54 & 0.12 & 0.28 & 0.50 & 0.55 & 0.63 & 0.75 \\  & 9–10 years & 21 & 0.47 & 0.14 & 0.20 & 0.38 & 0.45 & 0.55 & 0.78 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Running} & 6 years & 32 & 1.74 & 0.43 & 0.80 & 1.41 & 1.79 & 2.10 & 2.40 \\  & 7 years & 17 & 1.84 & 0.79 & 0.90 & 1.33 & 1.60 & 2.18 & 4.10 \\  & 8 years & 23 & 1.72 & 0.63 & 0.85 & 1.26 & 1.70 & 2.03 & 3.93 \\  & 9–10 years & 21 & 1.85 & 0.61 & 0.25 & 1.50 & 1.93 & 2.23 & 2.85 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Average stopping distance in meters to standstill after the acoustic signal. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Test Configuration** & **Age Groups** & **6 Years** & **7 Years** & **8 Years** & **9–10 Years** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Walking} & 6 years & NA & 0.111 & 0.972 & 0.272 \\  & 7 years & 0.111 & NA & 0.065 & 0.002 \\  & 8 years & 0.972 & 0.065 & NA & 0.569 \\  & 9–10 years & 0.272 & 0.002 & 0.569 & NA \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Running} & 6 years & NA & 0.402 & 0.776 & 0.001 \\  & 7 years & 0.402 & NA & 0.913 & 0.258 \\  & 8 years & 0.776 & 0.913 & NA & 0.041 \\  & 9–10 years & 0.001 & 0.258 & 0.041 & NA \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Sprinting} & 6 years & NA & 0.021 & 0.000 & 0.000 \\  & 7 years & 0.021 & NA & 0.732 & 0.169 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 8 years & 0.000 & 0.732 & NA & 0.659 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 9–10 years & 0.000 & 0.169 & 0.659 & NA \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Tukey post-hoc test results for the steady-state speed of the age groups. As indicated by the results presented in Table 6, a clear trend emerges in the stopping times for both walking and running. Older children demonstrate significantly faster stopping times than younger children. A statistically significant difference in the mean stopping time was observed between the age groups for the walking condition (Welch-ANOVA test, \(p\) = 0.000). Furthermore, the Games-Howell test reveals statistically significant differences (Table 7) in stopping time between six- and seven-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.042), six- and nine-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.000), seven- and nine-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.017), and eight- and nine-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.019). A single-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no statistically significant differences between the age groups (\(p\) = 0.533). However, it was observed that older children tended to cease running more rapidly in the designated \"running\" configuration. The investigation yielded no statistically significant differences in the average stopping distance between male and female subjects within the specified test configurations and single age groups. The analysis of deceleration shows a comparable trend, albeit with an inverse tendency. As children mature, they attain higher deceleration values in both the \"walking\" and \"running\" test configurations (Table 8). However, these results did not attain statistical significance in either configuration (\(p\) = 0.167 and \(p\) = 0.284, single-factorial ANOVA). An examination of the mean stopping deceleration revealed no statistically significant differences between male and female subjects within the designated test configurations and single age groups. Speed significantly affects the length of stopping distance and stopping time.