## 4 Results and Discussion  
### Mineralogical Features  
The sediments associated with the surrounding granitoids are enriched with several radioactive minerals. Thus, the investigated mineralization associated with synogranite is uranothorite, monazite, zircon, and yttrocolumbite. _Untrohorite_ (Th, U) SiO\({}_{4}\) is considered the prime carrier of Th and U in synogranite. The EDS analysis shows uranothorite is mainly composed of Th (56.21 wt%), U (15.85 wt%), and Si (10.75 wt%). It contains some rare earth elements (REE), especially Y (2.75 wt%) and Yb (2.17 wt%) and is intersitially stained by iron oxides (Figure 3a). _Monazite_-(Ce) (Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Th, and Y) PO\({}_{4}\) is a phosphatic REE mineral containing and is considered a good source of Th, La, and Ce. It occurs as a subrounded to rounded  
Figure 3: BSE images and EDS analyses for (**a**) uranothorite (**b**) monazite (**c**) zircon (**d**) yttrocolumbite from syenogranite rocks, Wadi Rod Elsayalla, Southeastern Desert, Egypt. oval, and sometimes has tabular transparent isolated grains, and it is medium to coarse grained. The pits and grooves are common features on the surface of monazite grains. The chemical composition of monazite is revealed in (Figure 3b). The EDS analysis of monazite shows that the contents of P (22.64 wt%) and rare earth elements (REE) are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd (14.23, 30.12, 1.86, 8.53, 1.42, 0.42, and 0.76 wt%, respectively). Some monazite grains contain high Th (9.15 wt%) with relatively low U (3.83 wt%). Thorium is a highly radioactive element in monazite and could substitute for U and LREE. ThO\({}_{2}\) could reach up to 8.25 wt% and 11.69 wt%, and the UO\({}_{2}\) contents reached are 0.57 and 4.83 wt% in monazite (30,31). The Ce has a marked predominance over the other REEs designating monazite-(Ce). _Zircon_ (ZrSiO\({}_{4}\)) is found in the form of euhedral and prismatic crystals with opaque microinclusions. It varies from brown to grey to red in color with variable sizes. The EDS analysis of zircon crystals from syneograninate is mainly composed of Zr (53.41 wt%), Si (33.76 wt%), and Hf (3.47 wt%). Th and U are recorded in low contents. Iron reached 2.12 wt% in the analyzed zircon grain (Figure 3c). _Yttrochulwhite_ mineral is one of columbite group that comprises a general formula AB\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{6}\), A = Fe, Mn Y, REE, Ca, U, and Th, and B = Nb and Ta. It is a synonym for samarskite. It is composed mainly of complex oxides of Nb, Ta, and Y-group and rare earth elements with significant contents of both Th and U as well as Ca and Fe\({}^{3+}\) (Figure 3d). The EDS analysis shows that yttrochulwhite is essentially composed of Nb (42.65 wt%) and Y (29.67 wt%) with a minor content of Ta (1.67 wt%). Yttrochulwhite carries potential contents of REE especially Ce, Nd, and Gd (1.58, 5.27, and 5.52 wt%, respectively), and Th reaches (4.38 wt%), and U reaches (1.85 wt%). On the other hand, quartz syenite rocks are enriched with radioactive bearing minerals, such as zircon and allanite. _Zircon:_ (ZrSiO\({}_{4}\)) occurs as euhedral prismatic as microinclusions in allanite crystals (Figure 4). Others are anhedral crystals and contain microinclusions of opaque minerals and occur along the peripheries of allanite crystals. The general reddish-brown color may be due to a content of iron (1.97 to 9.57 wt%) (Table 2). Zircon shows a marked enrichment in Hf, U, and Th, especially Zr2 and Zr5 (Table 2, Figure 4). The EDS analyses of zircon grains (Table 2) show that they are composed essentially of Zr ranging from 48.68 to 56.78 wt% and Si between 24.27 and 35.23 wt%. Other elements are recorded as minor amounts such as Al, K, and Ca. Zircon occurs in the early-formed botite flakes as well as in potash feldspars, suggesting that the examined zircon and its hosting granites originated from water-rich magma. Figure 4: BSE images for allanite crystals enclosed zircon crystals from quartz syenite, Wadi Rod Elsayalla, Southeastern Desert, Egypt as mentioned in (Tables 1 and 2).