# IoT-Based Implementation of Field Area Network Using Smart Grid Communication Infrastructure
## 1 Introduction  
Smart grid technology is a revolutionary approach for improvement in existing power grids. It can be envisioned as \"technology for all and everything.\" A smart grid is an automated and broadly distributed energy generation, transmission, and distribution network [1; 2]. It is characterized by a full duplex network with a bidirectional flow of electricity and information. It is a closed loop system for monitoring and response. A smart grid network integrates an electrical distribution system with an information and communication network. Smart grid technology ensures a reliable, efficient, resilient, and advanced energy distribution system with an enormous amount of features. The integration of renewable energy resources will lead to reduced carbon footprint and emissions [1; 2; 3; 4]. It can be defined in various ways as per its functional, technological, or beneficial aspects. As per the definition given by the U.S. Department of Energy, \"a smart grid uses digital technology to improve the reliability, security, and efficiency (both economic and energy) of an electric system of large generation, through delivery systems to electricity consumers and a growing number of distributed-generation and storage resources [5].\" The scope of the smart grid is from electrification to web of all things. The efficacy of smart grid can be envisioned for smart farming applications which forms a base for economy of any country. [PERSON] et al. have discussed potential applications and challenges to IoT implementation [6]. IoT facilitates computation, coordination, and communication between various devices and network elements. Thus, the security and reliability of networks are critical issues to be addressed along with the design and implementation of IoT-based networks and applications. [PERSON] et al. have depicted various network elements, security, and solutions [7]. [PERSON] et al. have proposed the use of visible light communication in IoT-based machine-to-machine and device-to-device communications [8]. [PERSON] et al. [9] have proposed a message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT)-based energy optimization and monitoring solution for consumer awareness. IoT is an integration IP-based network comprised of heterogeneous devices and hierarchical networks. Interoperability between various communication protocols is a crucial requirement for an IoT-based network. [PERSON] et al. [10] have depicted an integration of cyber physical systems using an application program interface for IoT-based applications. [PERSON] et al. [11] have illustrated a case study of IoT-based automated warehouse using localization of integrated resources. A lightweight machine-to-machine protocol has been proposed for this application. [PERSON] developed a virtual transducer data sheet for the development of web of things with self-registration and self-configuration capabilities [12]. [PERSON] et al. [13] discussed a multi Gbps wireless local area network based on the IEEE 802.11 standard for higher data rates in Gbps using a 60 GHz frequency band. Successful implementation of this standard could be a quantum leap toward IoT in smart grids. [PERSON] et al. discussed a mobile-based home automation system with IoT [14]. In that paper, the authors developed an Android-based system using the IEEE 802.15.1 standard. IoT is an unavoidable constituent of smart grid communication for the real-time monitoring and control of a complete network. Real-time measurements and information of various networks as well as commands are communicated using the Internet. [PERSON] et al. have reviewed various security issues for IoT [15]. Various papers provide review and analysis of the role of IoT in various areas and challenges in the implementation of IoT-based systems. This paper discusses the IoT-based implementation of a field area network using the IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.3 standards. This design illustrates a ubiquitous network coverage. Crop production mainly depends upon the type of plants, the soil, and the meteorological conditions.