# A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks for eHealthcare Systems in Residential Environments
## 3 Discussion
### Energy Efficiency

Table 10: Physical layer comparison of _Z-Wave_, Wavenis, BodyLan, Dash7, One-net and Enocean. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Characteristic** & **Z-Wave** & **Wavenis** & **BodyLAN** & **Dash7** & **ONE-NET** & **EnOcean** \\ \hline Multiple Access Scheme & CSMA/C/AA & CSMA/TDMA, CSMA/CA & TDMA, CDMA & CSMA/CA & \({}^{*}\) & CSMA/CA \\ Maximum Packet Size & 64 bytes & * & 62 bytes & 256 bytes & 5 bytes & 14 bytes \\ Error Control Method & LRC & FEC, Data Interleaving, Scrambling & CRC, FEC & CRC, FEC & \({}^{*}\) & CRC, FEC \\ Checksum Length & 1-byte & No & \({}^{*}\) & 2-byte & \({}^{*}\) & 1-byte \\ Identifiers & 32-bit (home ID), 8-bit (node ID) & 48-bit MAC Address & \({}^{*}\) & EUI-64 & \({}^{*}\) & \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{\({}^{*}\) refers to undefined information.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Link layer comparison of _Z-Wave_, Wavenis, BodyLan, Dash7, One-net and Enocean. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Characteristic** & **Z-Wave** & **Wavenis** & **BodyLAN** & **Dash7** & **ONE-NET** & **EnOcean** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Security} & 128-bit AES Encryption & \multirow{3}{*}{128-bit AES Encryption} & \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Private Key (\(\
u_{e}\), \\ AES 128, Public Key \\ (\(\iota_{e}\), ECC, RSA) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} XTEA Algorithm, Key \\ Management \\ 100 (Outdoors) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Relling Code, 28-bit AES \\ Encryption \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & 30 m (hadoops), & 200 m (hadoops), & 122 m (Outdoors) & 2000 m & 500 m (Outdoors) & 30 m (Indoos) \\ \cline{1-1} \multirow{2}{*}{Range} & 100 (Outdoors) & 1000 m (Outdoors) & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 122 m (Outdoors) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 16 K (ROM, 1.8 (RAM), 128 bytes \\ (Non-Volatile Memory) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 16 K (ROM, 1.8 (RAM), 128 bytes \\ (Non-Volatile Memory) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 16 K (ROM, 1.8 (RAM), 128 bytes \\ (Non-Volatile Memory) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 16 K (ROM, 1.8 (RAM), 128 bytes \\ (Non-Volatile Memory) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 32 K ( Flash),.2 KB (RAM) \\ (Non-Volatile Memory) \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Certification Body} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Z-Wave Alliance \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Wavenis Alliance \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} None \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Dash7 \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} ONE-NET Alliance \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} E/Ocean Alliance \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline Proprietary & Yes & No & Yes & No & No & No \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* refers to undefined information.  
\end{table} 
Table 12. Network layer comparison of _Z-Wave_, Wavenis, BodyLan, Dash7, One-net and Enocean. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Characteristic** & **Z-Wave** & **Wavenis** & **BodyLAN** & **Dash7** & **ONE-NET** & **EnOcean** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Security} & 128-bit AES Encryption & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 128-bit AES Encryption \\ (\(\iota_{e}\), ECC, RSA) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 128-bit AES Encryption \\ (\(\iota_{e}\), ECC, RSA) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Private Key (\(\iota_{e}\), \\ Management \\ 100 (hadoops) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} XTEA Algorithm, Key \\ Management \\ 100 (hadoops) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 128-bit AES \\ Encryption, Private Key, Public Key \\ 30 (hadoops) \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Range} & 30 m (hadoops), & 200 m (hadoops), & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 122 m (Outdoors) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 100 m (hadoops) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{