# Visual Perception of Peripheral Screen Elements: The Impact of Text and Background Colors
## 2 Experiment
### Design of the Images for the Central Part of the Screen  
This research aims to improve the functionality of the peripheral part of the graphical user interface while the subject's attention is focused on the central part of the screen. To maintain the subjects' focus on the central area, they were given specific tasks to solve. Solving these tasks keeps subjects more focused on the center of the screen compared to simply looking at a cross or dot in the middle.  
Many previous studies [25; 26; 27; 28] did not require subjects to focus on a specific task. Instead, participants were simply instructed to look at a fixation point on the screen. This approach keeps subjects less focused on the central area, as they lack a task to perform, and their attention often shifts to other parts of the screen over time.  
[PERSON] et al. [19] emphasize that in complex, real-world scenarios, individuals frequently rely on peripheral vision while multitasking. This reliance suggests that people can process multiple streams of visual information at the same time, with some being handled consciously and others automatically, depending on the demands of the situation. Importantly, peripheral vision is not merely a backup to central vision. It is a fundamental component of how humans interact with complex and dynamic environments. Understanding when and how peripheral vision is used provides deeper insight into visual behavior and decision-making in the real world.  
All quizzes were designed to display a specific task in black text on a white background. This combination was chosen because [PERSON] et al. [29] found it to be the most readable color combination for screen reading. In their measurements, subjects made the fewest errors with black text on a white background, and in a later survey, they also reported this combination as the least tiring for the eyes.  
The subject was given a task to solve in the central part of the screen, and at the 26 th second, a word appeared in the peripheral area. The subject stopped the test by pressing the space key. After stopping, they answered five questions, with the first question varying based on the image seen. The questions were as follows:  
1. a. How many circles were in the image? b. How many triangles were in the image? c. How many petals were in the image?
2. Which word appeared in the peripheral area of the screen?
3. Which color of text have you noticed in the peripheral area of the screen?
4. What background color of the stimulus did you notice?  
For the first two questions, subjects typed their answers, while for the third and fourth questions, they selected from options provided in a drop-down menu.  
All images displayed in the central part of the screen had the same parameters: a resolution of 72 ppi (pixels per inch) and a size of 500 px \(\times\) 500 px. The database contained 15 different images that appeared randomly for each subject, ensuring not all participants saw the same image at the same time. Below are examples of images shown in the central part of the screen (Figure 1) and a simulation of one of the images on a desktop computer (Figure 2).