## 3 Results and Discussion
### Electrochemical Performance of CSLDH Electrode  
The electrochemical performance is strongly known to depend on the apparent morphology and structure of the material. The microstructure (nanostructured) of the surface of the electrode delivers a high surface area to the electrode materials, which are advantageous for the higher intercalation phenomena of the electric charges and hence, improved the performance owing to the high exchange of ions in electrode materials. The amount/percentage and oxidation state of the precursor alters the surface morphology, and these morphology changes affect the electrochemical properties of the electrode materials. Therefore, to understand the morphological effect of fabricated Sn/Co HDS and Sn/Co LDHs on the electrochemical response and to find out the optimized high performance condition for the electrode preparation in present study, we carried out cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (CD) measurement investigation in a three electrode system (Figures 11 and 12). These measurements are the most prominent tools for assessing the capacitive behavior of the electrodes. All the measurements were performed in a 2M KOH electrolytic solution. Figure 11: (**a**) Comparative CV curves of CSHDS, CSLDH-1 and CSLDH-2 at fix scan rate of 10 mVs\({}^{-1}\); (**b**) CV curves of CSHDS; (**c**) CSLDH-1; and (**d**) CSLDH-2 at different scan rate. In this regard, the initial behavior (faradic or non-faradic reaction) and specific capacitance of the electrodes were examined by the CV analysis in the suitable potential range of 0.0-0.55 V with numerous scan rates from 5 to 80 mVs\({}^{-1}\). For the comparative assessment of the CV analysis results, the CSHDS, CSLDH-1 and CSLDH-2 electrodes performed at fixed potential scan rate (10 mVs\({}^{-1}\)) in the potential range of 0.0 to 0.55 V are shown in Figure 11a. The CV profiles of the CSHDS, CSLDH-1 and CSLDH-2 electrodes show distinct from each other in terms of oxidation (cathodic sweep; positive current) and reduction peaks (anodic sweeps; positive current) during the charging and discharging cycle. All the electrodes revealed the predominant, distinct pair of redox peaks which indicate that the charge storage was majorly from the faradaic pseudocapacitance rather than from the electrochemical double layer capacitor. Specific capacitance is an important parameter for evaluating performance due to its direct link with the energy storage of the pseudocapacitor, which is generally denoted by E=1/2 CV\({}^{2}\). Additionally, it is well known that the charges stored change with respect to the area under the CV curves, which are directly proportional to the specific capacitance. It can be found that the integrated area under the CV of CSLDH-2 was larger than that of the CSLDH-1 and CSHDS electrodes, indicating the higher specific capacitance provided by the CSLDH-2 electrode. This enhanced performance of the CSLDH-2 electrode was attributed to synergistic effects between the electric double layer capacitive character of the tin and the pseudocapacitance nature of the cobalt and also indicated that the CSHDS and CSLDH-1 electrodes have poor rate  
Figure 12: (**a**) Comparative CD curves of CSHDS, CSLDH-1 and CSLDH-2 fix current density of 1 Ag\({}^{-1}\); (**b**), CD curves of CSHDS; (**c**) CSLDH-1; and (**d**) CSLDH-2 at different current different current densities. performance because of slow charge diffusion rate. Secondly, transformations in nanosize and fibrous morphology provide a larger surface area to volume ratio and better pore size in comparison to the CSLDH-1 and CSHIDS electrodes, and have strong effects on the enhanced performance of CSLDH-2 because they can expose more active sites for the intercalation of the ions during electrochemical analysis.