esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction
* Independence in execution between beamforming and power control-these techniques are not performed sequentially, as in the above work, but alternately. * Reduced complexity of the method, with fewer operations required, because one technique is not followed by another. * The RL methodology proposed here is independent of the beamforming parameter fitting technique and the power control algorithm. The paper is structured as follows: Section 2 provides a basic description of the functioning of the adaptive sensor arrays, together with a model of the input and output signals of the array, and a discussion of resolution of the beamforming problem using the LMS and power control; Section 3 presents the Q-learning algorithm, based on RL, which is the main focus of this work; Section 4 presents a proposal for an intelligent agent, employing RL; Section 5 shows the results obtained for simulations involving the agent and the sensor array; Section 6 provides the main conclusions of the work.
# A New Methodology for Type Synthesis of Planar Linkages for Exoskeletons up to Five Angular Outputs
## 4 Type Synthesis
### Series Connection Method  
In this method, the additional RRR dyad does not start from the latest angular output. It should be connected to all available links of the original linkage system to provide more complicated movements that are required for rehabilitation robots. More angular outputs can be generated from a graph that initially has any number of angular outputs according to the following steps:  
1. One of the linkage configurations, with a specific number of angular outputs, is selected as illustrated in Figure 3a. The selected configuration has a latest RRR dyad that contains angular output 'Ni', link 'Ci', which is denoted as 'cut link', and revolute joints namely: e, f, and h.
2. Starting from the cut link, 'Ci', joint 'h' is deleted and reconnected directly with the newer angular output 'Ni+1' which is located directly above the present cut link 'Ci' as shown in Figure 3b.  
3. The second additional link,'Ci+1', is located at the left of new angular output 'Ni+1'.
4. The joint between the newer output 'Ni+1' and its adjacent cut link 'Ci+1' is represented by a solid edge 'R1'. In other words, angular outputs are presented diagonally.
5. The remaining two revolute joints (R2, R3) have some alternatives to connect newer output and its adjacent cut link with original links in the linkage graph. That produces some available topological graphs that can achieve the required number of angular output motions, noting that some connections that produce rigid sub-chains should be excluded.
6. Additional angular output can be obtained by repeating steps 2-5 so that all angular outputs are located in stepped series arrangement as shown in Figure 3.
# Covert Channel Based on Quasi-Orthogonal Coding
## 3 Proposed Model
### Basic Assumptions
The averaged spectrum of the QAM signal is flat over the bandwidth except roll-off, but the instantaneous spectrum calculated for a packet/block of data is characterized by high variability. Hence the concept of using such sorting that will reduce the instantaneous spectrum variation for random IQ values representing QAM symbols. It is reasonable to assume that sorting can, by decoupling the instantaneous spectra of the cover and covert information, reduce the impact of channel estimation error during the recovery of covert information.
## 3 Results
### Performance of MODIS WUE Estimates from GPP and ET  
Ecosystem WUE can be calculated through MODIS GPP and ET products, while the performance in the arid and semi-arid areas remains unclear. Comparisons of the WUE variability at the two sites from flux tower measurements (WUE\({}_{\rm EC}\)) and the estimates from MODIS data (WUE\({}_{\rm MOD}\)) of the eight-day periods were presented in Figure 4. The mean WUE\({}_{\rm EC}\) during 2013 and 2014 at the Arou grassland site was relatively close to WUE\({}_{\rm MOD}\) with 0.68 g kg\({}^{-1}\) and 0.87 g kg\({}^{-1}\), respectively. However, the mean WUE\({}_{\rm EC}\) during the two-year observations at the Daman cropland site only half as severely overestimated WUE\({}_{\rm MOD}\) with 0.87 g kg\({}^{-1}\) and 1.77 g kg\({}^{-1}\), respectively. As changes in WUE\({}_{\rm EC}\), seasonal variations in WUE\({}_{\rm MOD}\) performed relatively consistent trends for both ecosystems, especially for the grassland site. However, two pronounced discrepancies still existed. Generally, the modeled WUE\({}_{\rm MOD}\) severely overestimated WUE\({}_{\rm EC}\) at the beginning and end of plant growth stages but with a large underestimation during the peak periods. The Daman cropland site was particularly  
Figure 3: Seasonal dynamics of solar radiation (R\({}_{\rm g}\)), air/soil temperature (T\({}_{\rm a}\) and T\({}_{\rm s}\)), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), natural precipitation (P) and vegetation index (EVI) observed at the two flux tower sites during 2013 and 2014. The eight-day average values are used to represent R\({}_{\rm g}\), T\({}_{\rm a}\) and T\({}_{\rm s}\), VPD and MODIS-derived EVI, while natural precipitation (P) represents the total precipitation during eight-day periods.  
remarkable with a size estimation bias for many eight-day periods in springtime by comparison with the Arou site. Thus, this study indicated that the MODIS estimates remain difficult to capture the short-term variability, such as eight-day periods in ecosystem WUE, accurately.
# Demand Prediction Using a Soft-Computing Approach: A Case Study of Automotive Industry
## 4 Application
### Delphi Method Application  
Delphi method is a technique applied in the variables analysis phase and experts' opinion gathering. It consists in the application of an instrument with open questions. This technique is characterized by anonymity, opinions convergence and consecutive application:  
* Anonymity: This feature seeks to minimize the exchange of views among experts consulted. It is understood how to limit the bias in its valuation.
* Interaction and continuous feedback: continuous development activity, the application consists of a questionnaire to be analyzed and the feedback is aimed at improving its evaluation.
* Heterogeneity: It is a characteristic applicable to different types to profiles that maintain direct relation with the study phenomenon.
* Statistical work: It is the activity that consists of basic statistics techniques of central tendency, data normality and correlation [42].  
The collecting expert judgements is an indispensable part in demand planning process. The opinions correspond to the expert valuation from the experience and these variables are assessed directly related to market behavior. This section is integrated in three stages. First, it corresponds to the expert committee conformation. Second, the questionnaires application is done with the corresponding feedback, this activity is carried out between two or three times. Third, the analysis of the information is carried out.  
This stage consists of the evaluation of a dependent variable that corresponds to the demand and an independent variable in study and the objective is to evaluate some variables that have influence on sales. Some of them are described below [35]. Some representative variables in the planning process:  
* Interest-rate. The car purchase is motivated by large number of financial institutions, the level of interest is high impact factor in sales performance.
* Gross domestic product. National growth is a representative indicator that maintains direct connection with the vehicles sales, decreasing this can generate notes or record damages to the automotive sector.
* Inflation. Purchasing power is directly related to the value of the currency and is measured by the inflation factor which is represented as the ability to purchase certain good.
* Mexican currency. Corresponds to the currency value referring to the United States currency, this variable is directly represented in the national exchange of goods.  
The factors identification is the Delphi method objective, the next stage includes the analysis of these variables with respect to the automotive demand.
## 6 Conclusions  
A prototype network for remote sensing validation in China, VRPC, was designed for regional application in China. This is the first step to promote the validation of remote sensing products globally. Some conclusions from the VRPC are summarized as follows:  
(1) The framework of the VRPC has been established (Figure 1), and it has been operating with the new experimental plan.  
(2) Core sites were selected after full consideration of the representation of the underlying surfaces. The available remote sensing products for each site were also selected according to the observation base and land surface types. The VRPC will be constructed in several stages. Four existing stations with improved conditions have been selected for the first stage.  
(3) The technical criteria for field site selection and the arrangement of remote sensing product validation need to be determined before construction of the core sites. The validation standards and guidelines of the remote sensing products need to be finished early because they are important to guide collaborative observation efforts in the future.  
(4) The operation and management mechanisms of the VRPC need to be discussed by staff at the core sites. Data processing and data sharing after the observation experiment are important activities.
## 4 Simulation Experiment and Result Analysis
### Stability of Collaborative Search Algorithm  
This paper explores the impact of GPS positioning errors and partial UAV loss on the collaborative search efficiency of UAV swarms through simulation experiments. During the experiment, eight UAVs were set up to simultaneously search for 60 moving targets within the task area, and the setting of moving targets was consistent with the previous text.  
When considering GPS positioning error, the distance between the position obtained by UAV and the actual position follows a normal distribution:  
\[f(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma}e^{-\frac{(x-\mu)^{2}}{2\mu^{2}}} \tag{24}\]  
where \(\mu\) is the actual position coordinate of UAV, and \(\sigma\) is the overall standard deviation, which is taken as 20 m in this article. When considering the situation of UAV loss, we randomly select two UAVs to be lost at regular intervals.  
Figure 18 shows the simulation results. As shown in the figure, when a GPS positioning error and UAV loss occur, there is no significant change in the coverage and target capture rates, but the average capture time increases by 45 s and 52 s, respectively, and the time spent capturing targets becomes longer. The proportion of decision consumption and average turning time still decreases with the changing trend. A GPS positioning error has no significant impact on decision consumption, while UAV loss will reduce decision consumption. This is because the two UAVs that are lost cannot share information with the original bee colony, resulting in a higher cost of path state information and yaw cost for all UAVs. The resulting path curvature is greater, increasing the flight time between waypoints and reducing the number of decisions.  
Figure 18: _Cont._In summary, positioning errors and UAV disconnection have no significant impact on coverage and target capture rates. Although these abnormal situations may increase the duration of target capture, UAV swarms can still complete the task.
## 2 Precision Medicine and Cardiology
### Precision Medicine and Aortic Diseases  
The genetic basis of aortic diseases has long been known. Twenty percent of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection either have a family history or are associated with a syndrome such as [PERSON] syndrome, vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Mutations of _ACTA2_, _MYLK_, and _MYH11_ have been found to be associated with aortic disease [107]. Furthermore, genetic variants of genes _FBN1_, _SMAD3_, and _ACTA2_ have also been shown to cause either syndromic or non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection [108, 109]. The recent updates have added evidence to support the role of pathogenic variants in _COL3A1_, _FBN1_, _MYH11_, _SMAD3_, _TGFB2_, _TGFBR1_, _TGFBR2_, _MYLK_, _LOX_, and _PRKG1_, predisposing to hereditary thoracic aortic disease. The above insight into the genes associated with aortic diseases can be added to the clinical database. Patients with clinical suspicion can be tested for genetic predisposition, and the results can be saved on their EHR (electronic health records) to help personalize their treatment [109, 110].
## 3 Result and Discussion
### Analysis of Oxidation Product  
To research the reaction product of catalytic oxidation, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect the composition of the reaction product. The catalyst and the model fuel oil were centrifuged after the catalytic oxidation desulfurization reaction. The components in the oil phase were detected, and the catalyst was washed with methanol and centrifuged to detect the components in the methanol phase. Figure 9 shows the MS spectra of DBT, BT, and 4,6-DMDBT in the methanol phase. The peaks at m/z 216, 166, and 244 are dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO\({}_{2}\)), benzothiophene sulfone (BTO\({}_{2}\)), and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene sulfone (4,6-DMDBTO\({}_{2}\)). Compared with standard data, the reaction products of DBT, BT, and 4,6-DMDBT were DBTO\({}_{2}\), BTO\({}_{2}\) and 4,6-DMDBTO\({}_{2}\). Since no sulfur compounds and their respective oxidation products were detected in the oil phase, it indicated that DBTO\({}_{2}\), BTO\({}_{2}\), and 4,6-DMDBTO\({}_{2}\) were highly polar and readily adsorbed by the solid catalyst, which solved the problem of separation of oxidation products and oil phase. The Mo\({}^{6+}\) on the catalyst first reacted with hydrogen peroxide to form a molybdenum-based peroxide. The molybdenum-based peroxide reacted with sulfur atoms in the sulfur-containing compounds to form sulfoxide and water. The active sites of Mo\({}^{6+}\) were released, and then reacted with hydrogen peroxide to form a molybdenum-based peroxide. The molybdenum-based peroxide reacted with the sulfur atoms in the sulfoxide to form sulfone and water. The active sites of Mo\({}^{6+}\) were released again. After the reaction, the sulfone was adsorbed by the catalyst. After washing with methanol, the sulfone substances adsorbed on the catalyst were removed, and the catalyst could be recycled.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & \(\mathbf{t}^{\text{C}}\mathbf{\text{C}}\) & \(\mathbf{k}\)**(min\({}^{-1}\))** & \(\mathbf{R}^{2}\) \\ \hline DBT & 40 & 0.482 & 0.973 \\ DBT & 50 & 0.815 & 0.987 \\ DBT & 60 & 1.416 & 0.995 \\ BT & 40 & 0.077 & 0.955 \\ BT & 50 & 0.140 & 0.960 \\ BT & 60 & 0.283 & 0.974 \\
4,6-DMDBT & 40 & 0.293 & 0.943 \\
4,6-DMDBT & 50 & 0.559 & 0.994 \\
4,6-DMDBT & 60 & 1.056 & 0.998 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: The reaction rate constant (\(k\)) and correlation coefficient (\(R^{2}\)) for the oxidation reactions of DBT, BT, and 4,6-DMDBT at different temperatures.  
Figure 9: _Cont._
## 4 Discussion  
### General Interpretation of Results  
Therapeutic management of advanced TMJ degeneration is not unified. A wide range of treatment methods are taken into account, from systemic pharmacotherapy, through joint lavage, intra-articular drug administration, arthroscopy, to open surgery, including TMJ replacement. Arbitrary indication of the appropriate course of action seems to be impossible and, in the opinion of the authors of this paper, it should be based on an individual calculation of benefits and losses. Improvements in health-related quality of life as a result of minimally invasive intra-articular interventions have been repeatedly demonstrated. However, in cases where (1) the improvement is so short-lived that the need to repeat therapy is too burdensome or too expensive, (2) in patients who, for various reasons, cannot attend regular visits, and (3) in the event of unsatisfactory effectiveness of less invasive treatments, TMJ replacement appears to be justified [23; 24; 25; 27; 29; 39].  
This review demonstrated the reproducible results of improvements in various aspects of quality of life following TMJ replacement in patients with end-stage TMD. These results are of great importance for considering such an invasive therapeutic method in this indication. This means that advanced degeneration is another indication for TMJ replacement, next to ankylosis, necrosis, injuries, cancers and developmental disorders [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10].  
Therapeutic methods are usually assessed quantitatively by comparing the values of objective disease indicators with those before treatment or with those measured in a control group. In this context, TMJ replacement brings obvious benefits measured by the range of jaw mobility. However, from the patient's point of view, variables that cannot be fully objectified are also important, such as (1) the general assessment of the health-related quality of life, (2) the intensity of pain, (3) chewing efficiency or (4) the appearance of the skin of the operated area. This review provided insight into the availability of qualitative research covering the domains mentioned above [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10].  
Most of the included primary studies conducted in homogeneous groups in terms of diagnosis concerned patients with advanced degenerative TMJ disease. The available material seems to be sufficient to draw meta-aggregative conclusions in this diagnosis [1; 2; 5].  
In this study, the overall assessment of quality of life, pain intensity, mastication efficiency, mandibular mobility, and skin appearance were synthesized. These assessments differ for methodological reasons and require detailed explanation to properly interpret the results.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Effect of Porosity on Moisture Content Measurement
and the absolute error was 0.1%. When this moisture content was fed back to the dryer controller as data, it was acceptable in the industrial grain drying process. The absolute error was 0.4% when slight extrusion was applied (porosity was 41.27%). When the extrusion force was applied continuously, the measurement deviation increased gradually. For example, the measurement deviation was 0.9% with a high degree of extrusion (porosity is 39.5%). This moisture content used as data feedback to the controller might lead to overshoot of the controller and other negative phenomena, thus affecting the grain quality after drying. The measurement accuracy of corn with high moisture content was considerably affected by changes in porosity. For example, the measurement absolute error range of corn with 26.4% w.b. moisture content was 0.6% to 1.4%, which is much higher than the measurement absolute error of corn with 14.7% w.b. moisture content (0.1% to 0.6%). In the actual drying process, corn with the same moisture content often shows different porosities under the high dust conditions, fluctuations in flow state, changes in the impurity rate, changes in the filling way, and other interferences. When the same batch of grain with uniform texture is filled into the test cavity, the inner gap of the material pile with low porosity is relatively tight. According to [PERSON]'s dielectric constant calculation function [30], in the same mixed material system, the dielectric properties of materials were also different when the volume ratio of each component was different. Under normal pressure, the permittivity of air is approximately equal to one, whereas that of corn is greater than one. Therefore, for gas-solid two-phase systems, such as corn pile, the pile with lower porosity corresponds to a larger dielectric constant, producing a higher capacitance value, so the measurement error might be larger. In addition, increasing the moisture content leads to a decrease in the internal space of a single grain, and to a gradual increase in the internal friction coefficient on the grain surface and the viscosity force among grains [31], resulting in the adhesion and the agglomeration among grains, which is generally manifested as a decrease in the porosity of the grain pile, thus affecting the measurement accuracy. From the above analysis, we concluded that the changes in the pore distribution of the test cavity caused by the changes in the drying environment and the material properties significantly affected the online moisture content measurement during the drying process. To reveal the change law and to propose a solution to reduce the measurement error, the porosity, which is a basic physical parameter of agricultural materials, can be unified and quantified to establish the characteristic function to reveal the capacitance characteristics of the filling layer to identify the path to optimizing online moisture content measurement technology in the industrial grain drying process.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Dimensional Stability  
According to Table 2, when compared to 7- and 9-ply, 5-ply has the highest percentage of water absorption. Bamboo strips are a naturally porous fiber composite material, meaning that the number of woven ply increases would inevitably increase water absorption. However, in this laminated woven bamboo panel, 7-ply showed the lowest percentage of water absorption rather than 5-ply. Despite the fact that 5-ply is denser, the high water absorption was most likely due to the large surface area of porous tubular structures present in bamboo fiber, which increases water penetration, which was hindered for other ply by the increase in ply layer and the phenol-formaldehyde resin. A high water absorption rate will increase the composite's thickness and swelling. As shown in Table 2, the thickness swelling percentage corresponds to the water absorption rate, with 5-ply having the highest thickness swelling compared to 7 and 9-ply. Based on the analysis of both aspects, 7-ply is the optimum ply number for the laminated woven bamboo panel in terms of dimensional stability. The dimensional stability test has some correlation with the delamination results, with 5-ply having the most delamination and thus higher water absorption and thickness swelling. Meanwhile, 7-ply has lower water absorption and thickness swelling than 9-ply, but the difference is not statistically significant. Additionally, the delamination results of 7-ply and 9-ply was also relatively small.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**No of Ply** & **Water Absorption (\%)** & **Thickness Swelling (\%)** \\ \hline
5 & 39.38 \(\pm\) 1.58 b  & 12.39 \(\pm\) 2.18 b  \\
7 & 35.20 \(\pm\) 2.94 a  & 10.26 \(\pm\) 0.99 a  \\
9 & 37.73 \(\pm\) 6.14 ab  & 11.13 \(\pm\) 1.73 a  \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Mean follow by the same letters a, b is not significantly different at \(p\leq\) 0.05.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Water absorption and thickness swelling of laminated woven bamboo mat boards of different ply.  
Figure 9: Delamination value of laminated woven bamboo mat boards of different ply.
# Thermal Conductivity and Rheology of Graphene Oxide Nanofluids and a Modified Prediction Model
## 2 Experimental Section
### Nanofluid Preparation  
The nanofluid prepared should be a stable suspension without obvious sedimentation after a long time of standing. In our study, graphene oxide nanofluids were prepared by a two-step method [15]. Firstly, nanoparticles were added into deionized water, then magnetic stirring and ultrasonication were used (both for 1 h), and finally, five concentrations of graphene oxide nanofluids were obtained. Five kinds of graphene oxide nanofluids were prepared, with a mass fraction of 0.002% to 0.01%.