## 1 Introduction  
The observed rapid growth in global air temperature, changes in precipitation, as well as an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events can have a significant impact on the growth and development of plant communities in various geographical regions [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. The extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves, catastrophic droughs and heavy precipitation may disturb the functioning of plant communities that is evidenced in changes in plant transpiration, Gross Primary Production (GPP), Ecosystem Respiration (ER), and Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of CO\({}_{2}\) between land surface and the atmosphere [6, 7, 8]. Prolonged and intense extreme weather events can significantly reduce ecosystem resilience, biodiversity, and net primary production. Understanding and quantifying the sensitivity of various terrestrial ecosystems to such influences and the primary driving mechanisms is important for assessing climate impacts and developing effective adaptive strategies [9]. The tropics are characterized by the world's greatest biological diversity, with many species interacting in complicated and multifaceted ways [10]. The structure and productivity of plant ecosystems in the tropics are very sensitive to changes in energy and water balance, which could be caused by changes in precipitation and temperature [11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17]. The largest areas in the humid and semi-humid tropics are covered by forests that play an important role in the global climate system [11; 18]. They regulate the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs) between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, perform important water-regulating and water-saving functions, influence the radiation and energy budgets, determine the microclimate of the large territories, absorb and retain atmospheric carbon, sequestrate it in soil, and retain in an inactive state during large time intervals [19; 20; 21]. To assess possible atmospheric effects on plant ecosystems, the rates of evapotranspiration, GPP, ER, and NEE (determined as the difference between ER and GPP) can be considered as universal characteristics determining the living conditions and functioning of plant communities in different geographical areas [22; 23]. The global GHG flux monitoring network based on the eddy covariance method includes, in the present time, over 1000 active and historical flux stations, with only a small part of them situated in tropical regions [24]. Around 25% of the stations have an operating period of more than 3 years. The GHG monitoring stations provide very useful and comparable information on the spatial and temporal variability of the fluxes, as well as the flux sensitivity to varying atmospheric conditions. It can be expected that the aggregated analysis of global GHG fluxes and meteorological conditions can provide new knowledge on the response of different terrestrial ecosystems in different geographical regions to atmospheric influences. To assess the impact of anomalous climate and weather events (heat waves, frosts, droughts, floods, etc.) on GHG fluxes in various ecosystems in the tropics and mid-latitudes over the last decades, numerous studies have been carried out [8; 14; 16; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34]. It was demonstrated that droughts and heat waves likely result in increased emission of CO\({}_{2}\) to the atmosphere, whereas the cold and wet conditions are mainly associated with the CO\({}_{2}\) uptake intensification [8]. Several studies have highlighted the precipitation deficit as a crucial factor leading to the abrupt decline of GPP [8; 16; 32]. However, the response of CO\({}_{2}\) exchange to the weather conditions is rather uncertain: the high temperature often causes the increased CO\({}_{2}\) uptake by terrestrial ecosystems [33], but, at the same time, leads to the intensification of soil CO\({}_{2}\) emission [34].