## 2 Materials and Method
### Selection Process and Data Extraction  
Based on the defined selection criteria, the reviewing team conducted a thorough search using multiple databases (including Google Scholar, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science) between November 2021 and January 2022 to identify eligible articles. To minimize the risk of bias and random error, the first stage involved three researchers searching and retrieving studies across multiple databases and 56 studies were selected (Figure 1). Duplicate studies and studies deemed not eligible after being manually screened by the three independent reviewers were removed, which left 22 studies for further screening. The remaining studies' titles and abstracts were screened, and those that appeared to meet the inclusion criteria (16 studies) were taken for a further full-text screening.  
In the following stage, the full copies of the studies were carefully screened by the three researchers independently, and evaluated for inclusion. Studies were deemed eligible if they were published in English; measured the weight, BMI-for-age, WC, WHR, WHtR,abdominal, central or visceral obesity, subcutaneous fat, skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, and lean body mass; and carried out the dietary assessment to establish the food and nutrient intakes in female adolescents (between ages 10 and 19).  
Studies were deemed not eligible if (i) they were not published in English, (ii) the participants were not in the adolescent age range, (iii) the participants were not female, (iv) the study did not use any adiposity indices to measure healthy/normal weight and overweight or obese, and (v) no dietary assessment was conducted. A collaborative group discussion was then held, during which, each reviewer presented their findings for each article, and any uncertainties or discrepancies were resolved through consensus. Following the critical screening and evaluation of the 16 studies by each researcher, 7 studies were found to be eligible for inclusion.  
To evaluate the quality of the studies included, each study was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual, Quality Criteria Checklist for Review Articles [15]. The tool assesses both the validity and relevance of evidence, and the following domains were included: appropriateness of the research question; relevance of database search and the search terms; appraisal of the quality and of the studies included in the review; the process of data abstraction, synthesis, and analysis; clear presentation of results; and the consideration of biases and limitations.  
Once the articles were finalized for inclusion, data extraction and validity assessments were carried out independently by the same three reviewers. Any discrepancies that arose were addressed through interactive discussions and mutual agreement. The following key data points were extracted to address the main objective of the review: author(s), publication year, sample size (pertaining to the relevant outcome), description of the participants or population, study objective, outcomes measured, observed trends, statistical significance, factors associated with dietary and nutrient practices, adiposity outcomes, and factors that were adjusted in the analyses.