Ya-Nan Ma  
2 Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. [PERSON]), No. 1 Qianhu Hucun, Zhongshannen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.-N.M.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.-W.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.-L.F.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.-Q.C.) [PERSON]  
2 Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. JA biosynthesis has been deeply explored in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants such as _Arabidopsis_ and rice [5]. These results indicate that JA biosynthesis is initiated by a series of sequential oxygenations of \(\alpha\)-linolenic acid using lipoxygenase (LOX), allene oxide synthase (AOS), and allene oxide cyclase (AOC), leading to the synthesis of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). OPDA is then catalyzed and converted to (+)-7-iso-JA by an OPDA reductase 3 (OPR3) and three rounds of \(\beta\)-oxidation; thus, the above de novo JA biosynthesis is well known as the octadecanoid pathway [18]. Afterwards, the studies found that (+)-7-iso-Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), synthesized from (+)-7-iso-JA by jasmonate amino acid synthetase 1 (JAR1), is considered the major form of active JA in plants [18; 19]. In addition, substantial research has found that JA perception and signal transduction, as well as transcript reprogramming of downstream genes, are a delicate and dynamic process containing numerous regulators [20; 21]. In _Arabidopsis_, under normal conditions with a lower JA level, a series of JASMONATE ZINC-FINGER INFLURESCENCE MERSTEM (ZIM)-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins act as transcriptional repressors of JA signaling. JAZ function to recruit TOPLESS (TPL) or TPL-related proteins (TPRs) by interacting with the adaptor protein, Novel Interactor of JAZ (NINJA), which together form the co-repressor complex which represses the transcriptional regulatory activity of transcription factors (TFs) [22]. This regulatory process suppresses the expression of JA-responsive genes and attenuates various downstream JA-mediated responses. In contrast, the activity of JAZ proteins is delicately controlled by the JA receptor, CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) [23], an F-box protein which is a component of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (SCFCOI1). Under stress stimuli, JA and Ile conjugate to form the bioactive JA-Ile, which is then recognized by COI1, forming the COI1-Ile complex, which interacts with JAZ repressors. This interaction then triggers the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the JAZ repressors by the action of the SCFCOI1 complex and the 26S proteasome [19], which releases the TFs to regulate the transcripts of diverse JA-responsive genes involved in JA-regulated biological processes [4; 15; 24]. Subsequently, numerous studies have uncovered that the multifaceted function of JA is highly attributable to the pairwise interactions of the different TFs and JAZ repressors which regulate the transcription of target genes in a temporal and spatial-dependent manner in plants [4; 8; 14; 25; 26]. In addition, it was reported that JA has synergistic or antagonistic functions with abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), ethylene (ETH), and salicylic acid (SA) in controlling plant growth and stress responses. Notably, JAZ proteins often act as an important hub for regulating the crosstalk of JA and other hormones to dynamically adjust growth, and accurately cope with environmental stresses [27; 28; 29; 30]. Thus, JAZ repressors are not only a crucial link in the COI1-JAZ-TFs module that regulates paths of JA signal transduction, but also a major regulator that integrates multiple signaling pathways. The JAZ protein family is known as a member of the plant-specific TIFY superfamily, which contains TIFY, ZIM-like (ZML), PEAPOD (PPD), and JAZ protein subfamilies [31].