# Perceptions of a 'Pelvic-Floor Friendly' Group Exercise Class in Women with Urinary Incontinence
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Target Audience
In deciding whether to take part in a new health behaviour, the HAPA posits that individuals will try to balance the different positive and negative outcomes, which they perceive may occur from participating in a specific health behaviour, and only when the positive outcomes outweigh the negative, will the individual be inclined to adopt the behaviour [62]. This balancing of outcome expectancies is also suggested as contributing to the formation of self-efficacy, as they bring into question whether the individual is capable of performing the health behaviour themselves, and both positive outcome expectancies and perceived self-efficacy are required to form the intention to adopt a difficult behaviour like PA [73]. This means that for women with UI, where leaking is expected to be a negative outcome of participating in PA unless all other consequences of PA participation can be shown to provide enough of a positive benefit to counteract the negative, women are unlikely to have the confidence that leaking will not occur and are therefore unlikely to engage in PA behaviours. To provide some insight into whether providing women with additional information on PA promotional material would improve the formation of self-efficacy in women with UI, study participants were asked to look at each advertisement poster and grade how confident they would be in attending the advertised group PA class as someone who leaks during PA. Both the intervention group and the control group reported Poster 3 as providing them with the most confidence to take part, recording a mean score of 6.67 (out of 7) for both groups (see Table 4). In contrast, Poster 1 recorded the lowest level of confidence, with a mean score of 1.67 for the intervention group and 1.44 for the control group. In justification of their scores, many participants felt their confidence was improved through Poster 3 because it was clear the designers of the class advertised had considered their specific needs:  
_\"States quite clearly a lot of info that shows they have thought about it and targeted women like me.\"_  
As with the above participant, several referred to the similarities between themselves and the demographic they felt was the target of the advertisement in Poster 3, suggesting some confidence is taken from being able to identify with other group PA class members. The literature suggests that where individuals feel they share a similar identity with other members in a group PA class, continued regular PA engagement can result [41], further amplifying the importance of fostering a sense of identity between the advertisement and the targeted PA group demographic. This is also particularly important when regarding women with UI, who often feel they are alone in their experiences [54]. All participants commented on the quantity of information Poster 3 provided:_\"This poster has sufficient information and explanation of how the class would work, low-impact build-up, the offer of extra support and being led by a physio endorsed instructor would definitely make me feel confident I could attend this class.\"_  
Most also mentioned the advertised class in Poster 3 being pelvic floor certified or physio endorsed made them feel very reassured that they could safely participate in the group PA being advertised, and when asked if they would consider attending a similarly advertised class in the future, all except one participant said \"yes\". However, the single participant who said \"no\" clarified that the dance-based group PA class being advertised was not the type of group PA she enjoyed, preferring more functional group fitness classes, such as CrossFit(r).