# Citizens' Perception of Smart Cities: A Case Study
## 3 Smart City
### Sustainable Urban Development  
Sustainability is a new development model that emerged from various concerns of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century [23]. These concerns were mostly environmental, social and economic. [PERSON] et al. in [24] state that the concept of sustainable development is contested; thus, there is no clear and specific definition of sustainability that is globally accepted. The \"sustainable development\" notion was defined through the 1987 Brundtland Commission as the \"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs\" [25]. In the next years, sustainable development became an exciting object for study for scientific purposes and policy-making, along with international organizations' related programs, reports, and conferences [26].  
The cities' role in sustainable development is reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SCDs) of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA U. N.) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This role is to \"make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable\" [27]. Most of the cities consume massive energy amounts globally. The main domains of this consumption are related to waste management, public lighting, heating and cooling of buildings, infrastructure in building and maintenance, public service precaution in transport and many more. It is a fact that modern cities cause the most massive environmental pollution and energy consumption. It becomes clear that, in case humanity stays inactive against this situation, the consequences will be harmful, especially in areas of water management, accessibility and urban air pollution [23]. Therefore, the concept of sustainable urban development emerged and significantly defined urban planning and development starting in the early 1990s [28]. According to [29], any city or ecosystem is supposed to be sustainable \"if its conditions of production do not destroy over time the conditions of its reproduction\". In addition, [PERSON] in [29] stated that, essentially, sustainable development is a type of solidarity between the older and the future generations. This solidarity is based on the fact that the older generations consume carefully and pollute the least they can get so that the future generations could have the opportunity to live under the same or even better-living conditions. The desirable state is the one where cities will consume the least possible resources, will become more livable, will offer a better quality of life to their citizens, and will minimize the impact that humans have on the environment [28].  
The vast array of technical and environmental requirements that appear both on the building and the neighborhood scale shows how mostly sustainable urban development has penetrated in urban growth. Requirement systems such as LEED for Neighborhood Development, CASBEE for Urban Development, EarthCraft Communities and BREEAM Communities are some of the sustainable urban development assessment frameworks [23]. The authors in [23] state that some of the essential characteristics of a sustainable community at the moment are the adequacy, quality, and resource efficiency of urban infrastructure. Essentially, cities are places that offer the ground for new ideas and new solutions. Thus, many sustainable urban development frameworks reference the role of ICTs and human participation in progressing sustainability goals in cities. The great potential of the smart city approach is already thoroughly investigated by the United Nations through their study on \"Big Data and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development\" [23].