# 5G Physical Layer-Based Procedure to Support Time-Sensitive Networking
## 6 Conclusions  
This paper has comprehensively explored the integration between 3 GPP 5 GS and TSN focusing on the advancements introduced in Releases 17 and 18. A significant breakthrough in this paper has revolved around a pioneering approach that places synchronization accuracy at its core while maximizing the utility of the slot indicator signal. The slot indicator signal has emerged as a critical component in achieving precise synchronization.  
A key innovation has been introduced, incorporating the strategic deployment of the TSN Translator (SC-TT) within the SC instead of placing the loan of synchronization on the UE side. This novel approach revolutionizes the synchronization paradigm, improving synchronization accuracy within the range of 0.01 \(\upmu\)s to 1 \(\upmu\)s. This transformative use of the TSN translator at the SC level showcases the potential to expand the SC market and accelerate the deployment of the Industrial Internet of Things.  
In the conducted numerical evaluations of the proposed method, adherence to 3 GPP-defined values of UE timing errors was ensured, allowing for a permissible error range of up to \(+/-0.1\) ppm (0.2 \(\upmu\)s clock drift per second). The analysis revealed that synchronizing the UE in every slot maintained an accuracy of 10 ns, while longer resynchronization periods led to the drift affecting accuracy after 50 ms. TESC usage showed the ability to sustain the most accurate clock (10 ns) required for specific industrial applications. Additionally, the evaluation considered the impact of the number of UEs synchronized to the GM on RB consumption; with the proposed method, only 0.0015% of the RBs were allocated to broadcast the GM reference time every 5 s, maintaining a constant consumption regardless of the number of UEs. This proved advantageous in scenarios with a high number of UEs requiring sub-1 \(\upmu\)s accuracy, contrasting with conventional 5G systems where RB consumption increases with the number of devices to be synchronized.  
Figure 10: Resource Block consumption depending on the number of UE for different synchronization options.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, F.B., O.C. and J.F.M.; methodology, F.B., O.C. and J.F.M.; software, F.B., O.C. and J.F.M.; validation, F.B., O.C. and J.F.M.; formal analysis, F.B., O.C. and J.F.M.; investigation, F.B., O.C., J.F.M., Y.F. and J.R.; resources, F.B., O.C., J.F.M. and N.C.; data curation, F.B., O.C. and J.F.M.; writing--original draft preparation, F.B., O.C., Y.F., J.R., J.F.M. and N.C.; writing--review and editing, F.B., O.C. and J.F.M.; visualization, F.B., O.C. and J.F.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research received no external funding.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Data are contained within the article.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** Authors [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] were employed by the company Casa Syetems. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.