## 3 Selected Case Study Buildings
### Case Study B  
Case B is a healthcare building constructed in 2000 and has undergone a deep energy retrofitting process in 2020/2021. The building is expected to be fully in use by the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022. The building is located in the Funen region of Denmark. It houses both plasma-pheresis, blood donor units, screening facilities, cancer treatment units, offices, and laboratories. The retrofitting process has led to new ventilation and cooling units being installed, new sensors and meters implemented, a brand-new building management system implemented, and a whole retrofitting of the interior envelope. Most of the information was provided by the technical manager of the building, present in the building on a daily basis, so very little information has to be assumed. The heating supply is controlled individually for rooms, with communication between controllers and BACS, and uses occupancy detection. The thermally activated building systems (TABS) have advanced central automatic control, which self-regulates room temperature while maintaining a comfort range and keeping the heating demand low. It also includes some temperature feedback for control. In addition, the building utilizes the outside temperature to regulate the heating setpoint, and the associated pump operates with variable speed. The heating system has an implementation of reporting with fault detection and predictive maintenance as well as sub-metering for over 50% of the relevant heating loads. Demand side management is implemented to some extent being controlled by a scheduled operation. Domestic hot water has no storage charging control, nor storage temperature control. The circulation pump is operating based on demand and the reporting includes fault detection and predictive maintenance. For cooling, the supply is controlled by the individual room; there is communication between sensors and BACS as well as occupancy detection. The temperature is controlled based on outside conditions, and the distribution pump has variable speeds. On the other side, the cooling units in the building have multi-stage control depending on demand and the storage of the cooling is operating with a time schedule. The cooling system is equipped with advanced fault detection and predictive maintenance as well as submetering for over 50% of the relevant cooling loads. Demand-side management is implemented to some extent, being controlled by a scheduled operation. The ventilation is controlled by occupancy detection, where the airflow rate increases if someone is present in the room considering the CO\({}_{2}\) level. There is automatic flow and pressure control with both overheating and icing protection. The setpoint for supply air temperature depends on the outside temperature, and the building utilizes outside air for cooling parts of the building naturally. Thus, night ventilation is also implemented as an option. Reporting includes real-time air quality measurements, historical data as well as warnings on maintenance or occupant actions. The performance of the ventilation is reported with fault detection and predictive maintenance capabilities. In terms of lighting, the building has both automatic motion detection and daylight sensors for the lighting system control. The dynamic envelope includes motorized blind operation with control using sensor data, detection on windows state (open/closed) and there are smart windows with integrated control with other systems such as heating and lighting. There is no locally produced electricity, and therefore no storage or reporting for it either. It is not possible to charge EVs, though the electricity consumption of relevant loads is sub-metered with more than 50% of the installed capacity. Regarding the overall monitoring and control in the building, it is not possible to simultaneously heat and cool, and the heating and cooling setpoints are scheduled while also including unoccupied times into the system.