## 1 Introduction  
Wireless networks involve different nodes corresponding via a wireless path. Few networks are connected to Wi-Fi only with the last hop. Examples include mobile voice, data, and mobile IP networks. In the last half, a decade, Desktop Computers have changed to networked agents who rely primarily on connectivity from independent workstations [1]. Email, cloud storage, and the international web are some of the specific educational and corporate services supplied. In addition, mobile device, tablet, and notebook computing is expanding every year [2]. In recent decades, research has been conducted on mobile ad-hoc networks due to the large availability of wireless communication services and fast growing need for deployment [3, 4, 5]. A MANET is an ongoing, self-configured mobile device network connected wirelessly by the infrastructure. MANETs are characterised by mobility, self-government, hurried exploitation, and low-cost facilities that make it possible for them to be deployed for different purposes, such as observing the environment, adversity assistance, and military communication. One key benefit of a decentralised network is that, because of the multi-hop style of data transmission, they are often more robust than centralised networks [6]. For instance, the coverage decreases when a base station stops working in the cellular network configuration. The possibility of a single failure point in a MANET is significantly decreased because the data can traverse in several paths. Since MANET design develops over time, it has the ability to overcome problems such as network isolation or disconnection [7]. Proper routing is critical to the desired service supply as well as better communication and security in such a collaborating communications environment [8; 9]. However, MANET is faced with additional safety and performance issues with the dynamic network topology, the usage of open wireless media, and constrained resource limitations. Therefore, MANET has been very interested in inventing an efficient and secure routing protocol in the research community. The MANET structure is depicted in Figure 1.  
Different safe routing methods were developed throughout the years to protect WSNs against malicious and selfish behaviour. These routing protocols depend, however, principally on basic versions and authentication procedures. Most cryptographic algorithms require significant computational capability and energy consumption, in particular the asymmetrically encrypted procedure. The low cost sensor nodes, however, are generally resource-limited in memory, energy, and computer capabilities [10]. Several authentications and encryption schemes in routing protocols need a central authority or centralised management, which in WSNs is frequently unworkable. Finally, adversaries may lack the sensor nodes in an intentionally area by physical means. All safety systems can become useless once the keys are released. In other words, standard safe cryptographic-based protocols can withstand some sorts of external attacks but do not guard against inside nodes bad behaviour. MANET exchanges nodes or mobile node groups for a large number in a safety-critical environment with data and control messages. These messages must be adapted to the deployment scenario, time, and geographical area. In addition, in the presence of environmental limits, compliance with different performance measurements, different degrees of safety requirements, and robustness must be ensured [11; 12]. Violations of security and performance may lead to major consequences, for example, erroneous information or delayed transmission of crucial communications. The main cause is serious damage to the  
Figure 1: MANET Structure. assets of the nation. Inefficient and unsafe routing of ad hoc nodes may lead deliberately in MANET to evaluation-safety concerns [12]. The rest of the study is structured as follows: An overview of the existing routing protocols for MANETs is given in Section 2, followed by the literature survey in Section 3.