# Supply Chain Design for Waste Vaporization Through High-Energy-Density Pellet Production in Chile
## 3 Results  
Diagnosis and Analysis of the Potential Market for HEDP  
There was a significant increase in waste generation, reaching 1.1 kg of solid waste per capita per day in 2018. Approximately 17 million tons of waste are generated annually, with approximately 7 million corresponding to urban waste [38]. This analysis revealed that less than 10% of this waste was recycled, resulting in more than 90% ending up in landfills and causing the loss of valuable resources and energy [39]. The waste management system in the Metropolitan Region was highly centralized in two main sanitary landfills, which managed 92% of the waste ending up in landfills, contributing significantly to \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Set** & **Description** \\ \hline \(MPdisponible_{i,n}\) & Available quantity in tons of raw material of type \(n\) from the supplier located at \(i\). In tons. \\ \(CapW_{k}\) & Transformation capacity in tons of raw material entering the main production plant located at \(k\). In tons. \\ \(\alpha_{n,a}\) & Transformation rate from the raw material of type \(n\) to the final product of type \(a\). \\ \(Dem_{j,a}(Max)\) & The amount of final product of type \(a\) demanded by the customer located at \(j\). In MWh. \\ \(PM_{a}\) & Market share percentage of product type \(a\) in the total market. \\ \(DistPP_{i,k}\) & Distance between supplier \(i\) and plant \(k\). In kilometers. \\ \(DistPC_{k,j}\) & Distance between plant \(k\) and customer \(j\). In kilometers. \\ \(C_{a}\) & The calorific value of product type \(a\). In MWh/Ton \\ \(M\) & Known as a very large value, it was used to limit the production of products; products were only produced if the plant had been installed. If the plant located at k has raw material reception capacity, M was replaced by \(CapW_{k}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Parameter sets of the model. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Constraints** & **Description** \\ \hline \(\sum_{n}a_{n,a}[\sum_{i}N_{n,i,k}]=\sum_{j}P_{a,k,j}\ \forall k\), \(a\) & Mass Balance \\ \(\sum_{k}N_{n,i,k}\leq MPdisponible_{i,n}\forall\ i\), \(n\) & Raw Material Availability \\ \(\sum_{n}\sum_{i}N_{n,i,k}\leq CapW_{k}*W_{k}\forall k\) & Production Capacity \\ \(\sum_{k}C_{a}*P_{a,k,j}\leq Dem_{j,a}(Max)\ \forall\ j\), \(a\) & Demand Limitation: Upper limit of demand \\ \(\sum_{j}\sum_{k}C_{a}*P_{a,k,j}\geq PM_{a}*\sum_{j}Dem_{j,a}(Min)\ \forall a\) & Demand Limitation: Lower limit of demand \\ \(\sum_{a}\sum_{j}P_{a,k,j}\leq M*W_{k}\ \forall\ k\) & Facility Existence \\ \(\sum_{k}W_{k}=1\) & Limitation for the number of facilities to install \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Constraint sets of the model. the emission of greenhouse gases and environmental problems such as water issues and pollution [40]. This highlights the severe environmental repercussions of the indiscriminate accumulation of waste, including the emission of large amounts of methane and the health risks associated with treating municipal solid waste [9]. Regarding the opportunities for energy recovery, the average calorific value of household waste was 3.01 kWh/kg, which indicated considerable energy potential. A feasibility study by the Ministry of Energy projected substantial growth of this waste until 2050, highlighting the need and opportunity to adopt waste-to-energy technologies to improve waste management and generate renewable energy [41]. A comparative analysis with international technologies revealed that countries such as Japan and France successfully adopted waste-to-energy technologies, processing a high percentage of their waste in power plants [42], unlike waste management in Chile, which depends heavily on landfills [43]. Therefore, the feasibility of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology implementation in the Metropolitan Region is evaluated in this research, highlighting its ability to treat wet organic waste and efficiently produce high-quality hydrophobic pellets.