# A Framework for Cloud Based E-Government from the Perspective of Developing Countries
## 2 Related Works  
Information communication technology driven projects often need to be aligned with innovations and new technologies [9] and the changing nature of technology results in the constant upgrade and update of the electronic government infrastructure, creating an extra financial burden for governments [10]. Similarly, when a government extends its department or makes any change in governance, it needs to modify or build a new infrastructure to accommodate those changes [11] that demand significant amount government resources. Therefore, governments throughout the world are developing strategies to migrate to cloud based e-government to reduce spending on technology infrastructure [12]. Besides the cost factors, upgrading the conventional e-government system requires a significant amount of time--Microsoft UK government industry manager, [PERSON] says, \"Traditionally you might be looking at a six month or a year's project to buy and install extra storage. Now you can do it just by going to a web page and using your government procurement card.\" According to Gartner Inc. (Stamford, CT, USA) [13]--the world's leading information technology research and advisory company--by 2018, at least 30 percent of service-centric companies will have moved the majority of their Enterprise Resource Planning applications to the cloud in order to address the growing financial challenges requiring the cutting of the costs of ICT infrastructure.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [14] have discussed the impact of shrinking budget in e-government projects and government initiatives to shift from traditional to cloud based e-government. While electronic government projects are facing a number of challenges [15], cloud computing is considered as a future solution for addressing those challenges. Cloud computing has opened new channels in which governments can deploy electronic government projects and creates new business opportunities while improving performance and cost reduction efficiently for both business and government [16; 17]. [PERSON] et al. [16] suggest that the integration of the cloud computing in e-government could solve a number of problems including data duplication, low resource utilization rate, repetitive infrastructure construction and information isolated island. Besides this, governments could be benefited from overall cost reduction, distributed data storage, scalability, accountability, modifiability and security management by using cloud computing [9; 18; 19; 20; 21].  
Traditional e-governments are not scalable and cost a lot to change their capacity [22]. A typical example of the traditional e-government system failure because of the lack of scalability is Transport for London's (TFL) real-time train tracking system failure in 2010. The app became so popular that the TFL's servers struggled to cope with the sudden increase in demand. To address the problem TFL moved the application from its server to the Microsoft Azure Cloud infrastructure. The current system is comfortably handling about 2.3 million hits it receives each day. [PERSON], transport of London (TfL)'s chief technology officer accepts that if they had to run the application on their own servers it would have financially prohibiting as it would have cost them a huge amount to build a new infrastructure inside their data centres.