## 1 Introduction  
Structural wind engineering is the art and science of modeling and analyzing structures under natural wind flows. It aims at estimating the accurate responses of these structures under natural wind loads. Wind tunnel measurements traditionally represent the established method for quantifying wind loads [1]. These typically result from high-resolution pressure time histories (in the case of high-frequency pressure integration--HFPI) or global structural forces (from high-frequency force balance--HFFB). Additionally, codes and standards provide further insights into the quantification of the effects of wind flow on structures. These, however, have severe restrictions and limitations for special constructions (such as high-rise, large span, lightweight, etc.) and inherently cannot provide sufficiently detailed information on local/global loads and respective responses in high resolution (in time and space). In recent decades, computational wind engineering (CWE) has gained a lot of attention from the structural wind engineering practice, where wind loads are estimated by modeling the wind flows around the structure using computational methods like computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To obtain structural responses, like displacement and accelerations, an aeroelastic model that incorporates the structural properties of the system is used in wind tunnels. The structures are equivalently represented in these scaled-down aeroelastic models. The sizing effect needs to be taken into account during such modeling. For tall buildings, a commonly used simplification for the structural system is to use lumped mass models. The number of degrees of freedom in such lumped mass models is chosen by the researcher/modeler. Wind tunnel testing with aeroelastic models commonly uses lumped mass models for tall buildings. Newer techniques like hybrid aeroelastic pressure balance (HYPB) use a single degree of freedom (SDoF) [2] for the structural system in a wind tunnel, capturing the two-way coupling of structure and wind. In order to capture higher vibration modes in these aeroelastic tests, MDoF is used in previous studies. Vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) and resonance were investigated with aeroelastic models in a wind tunnel to model super high-rise buildings using MDoF in [3; 4]. A series of wind tunnel tests with the MDoF model of Shanghai World Financial Centre is carried out in [5] for vibration measurements. In computational wind engineering, this is captured by coupling the CFD model developed for wind with a structural model. This is referred to as a typical fluid-structure interaction problem. Recent advancements in algorithms and computational resources have made it possible to perform fully coupled simulations in complex wind flows and complex structures. Large Eddy simulation (LESs) of wind effects on tall buildings with and without nearby buildings are presented in [6], and wind effects on tall steel buildings are presented in [7]. Multiple turbulence models were numerically investigated for predicting wind effects on tall buildings in [8; 9]. The wind effects on structures may be captured by a two-way coupled or one-way coupled simulation. The accuracy of these modeling choices depends on the flexibility of the structure. In tall building simulations, it is observed that a one-way coupled simulation is capable of capturing important characteristics sufficiently. In CWE, the wind loads evaluated from the CFD may be imposed on a finite element (FE) structural model. It is common practice to model the structure in FE software tools for evaluating the building response and, hence, for design. The FE model of a tall building comprises multiple structural elements and is an accurate representation of the structure. These complex FEM models are expensive to evaluate in many cases. In a design scenario, it is not possible for the designer to know exact structural properties like the mass, stiffness, and damping of the structural system accurately in the early stages.