# Mathematical Models for Named Data Networking Producer Mobility Techniques: A Review
## 3 Recent Mobility Techniques
### Anchor Technique
Although the interest was initially directed toward the anchor before the producer movement, the producer might still receive it after their shift to the new site. The interest was then retransmitted to overcome any miscommunication or lost connection. Algorithm 2 demonstrates the process of forwarding using the anchor approach. The characteristics are like the rendezvous technique, but a specific anchor is selected as the gateway. Note that the transmission begins by delivering an interest packet to the consumer,  
Figure 6: NDN Anchor technique. encapsulating the interest packet, and preparing to encapsulate the data packet. During the producer relocation, the packet will be dispatched to the gateway, and the handover process will be utilized to provide the notification. Once the handover process is completed, the prefix of interest will be updated. Finally, once the producer has assumed its new position, the data packet and acknowledgment (ACK) packet are transmitted through the consumer. ```
Input: Interest Packet with Prefix \(p_{t}\) Process For Consumer Request Output: A packet send to consumer,\(c_{s}\) if node is the Producer thenreturn Data; if first time receiving Interest thenreturn ACK;  FIFO_Q OutgoingQ = I; foreach {\(p\), \(n\rightarrow\delta\) } in the FIB in ascending order of length (\(b\)) do if\(b\) is the prefix of \(p_{t}\) and \(b\
eq c_{s}\)then  endqueue (OutgoingQ, \(\delta\)); whileOutgoingQ \(\
eq\) I do \(\delta\leftarrow\)Queue (OutgoingQ); forvard I through \(\delta\); whenswitch receive a packet do  case Data for I from \(\delta\)do return Data; case ACK for I from \(\delta\)do continue; case I from node \(k\
eq\delta\)do send ACK to \(k\) repeat Line 10 return ACK;
```  
**Algorithm 2**Algorithm to Transmit Interest Using Anchor Technique  
Equation (3) specifies the cost associated with signaling, Equation (4) characterizes the delay experienced during handover for the anchor mobility approach, and Table 4 presents the metrics corresponding to the equation. \[\delta_{\text{anchor}}=\Sigma\left(\delta_{\text{Producer}}+\delta_{\text{ RC}}+\delta_{\text{RD}}+\delta_{\text{Consumer}}+\delta_{\text{Producer}}\right) \tag{3}\] \[=\zeta_{\text{int}}\times(\alpha+2\varsigma)+\zeta_{\text{data}} \times(\alpha+\varsigma), \tag{4}\]  
\[\mathcal{E}_{\text{anchor}}=\left((\text{D}_{\text{T}}\,\text{D}_{\text{T}}+(l/ v))+(1-(\text{D}_{\text{T}}\,\text{D}_{\text{T}}+(l/v)))\right)\times(l_{\text{pn}}+ \alpha\times Lwl_{\text{Int}}+2\varsigma\times Lwl_{\text{Int}}+\alpha\times Lwl _{\text{Int}}+c\times Lw_{\text{int}}). \tag{5}\]inputs the content name (CN) of the object of interest, it is regarded as the destination address. Routers determine the optimal paths for mobile users by monitoring the number of hops a virtual circuit has in the network, resolving the scalability problem. Consequently, the consumer will alert the gateway about every new attachment point, and the router will generate a new FIB entry based on the virtual circuit and inbound interface details. Note that potential issues arise when dealing with substantial user traffic in Internet access routing aggregation, hindering the transmission of material to another producer. The work of [77] proposes a cache-aware social-based QoS routing system to enhance network performance and optimize routing methods. Proactive handover method: Upon receiving this communication, the present access router will collaborate with the subsequent access router that the consumer will connect to, facilitating the mobile host in completing the handover operation in advance. Upon completion of the handover process, the access router will promptly inform the consumer and migrate to the new location. Once connected to the current router, the mobile consumer transmits an interest packet immediately to the new locators, originating from its previous location. The present and preceding access routers transmit accurate data to the mobile host, which returns it.