# Requirements Engineering for a Drone-Enabled Integrated Humanitarian Logistics Platform
## 2 Literature Review  
The drone industry has witnessed unprecedented growth and technological advancement over the past decade. Initially developed for military applications, UAVs have transcended their original purposes and are now integral to various sectors, including commercial enterprises, scientific research, agriculture, and emergency response [20]. The global drone market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.3%, reaching a valuation of USD 16.7 billion by the end of 2033, while the humanitarian drone market, accounting for nearly 14% of the global drone market at the end of 2023, is expected to expand at a CAGR of 13.1% [21]. In disaster management, UAVs have transformed operations by providing rapid and precise situational awareness, high-resolution mapping, search and rescue (SaR), delivery of supplies, communication support, and training [22]. Furthermore, the integration of complementary technologies further improves their effectiveness and efficiency. This section reviews various projects that employ drones alongside other advanced technologies for real-life disaster management applications. In wildfire scenarios, UAVs equipped with thermal imaging cameras are used to detect hotspots and track fire spread, aiding in effective resource allocation and evacuation planning. For instance, the Respondrone project employs UAVs for real-time monitoring and communication relay during forest fires, improving the coordination of first responders and reducing response times [23]. The STEReO project combines unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) autonomy with resilient communication systems to expedite disaster response in wildfire scenarios, facilitating extensive aerial operations and ensuring continuous connectivity [24; 25]. Furthermore, UAVs assist in flood response by capturing aerial imagery for obstacle identification and route planning, as utilized in the DRIVER+ project [26; 27; 28]. Complementary technologies such as UGVs, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), ML and social media sensing augment the capabilities of UAVs in disaster management. UGVs, such as those used in the INTREPID project, navigate through hazardous environments to perform tasks, such as rubble removal and survivor identification in structural collapse scenarios, enhancing the safety and efficiency of rescue operations [29]. In SaR operations following earthquakes, UAVs with high-resolution cameras and sensors along with miniaturized robotic equipment locate trapped victims under debris, as demonstrated by the CURSOR project, which has successfully contributed to decreasing victim detection time and increasing localization accuracy in such scenarios [30]. Similarly, the SEARCH & RESCUE project supports the convergence of UAVs and UGVs for early victim localization and first responder safety in SAR operations [31]. VR technology, as integrated into the ASSISTANCE project, provides immersive training simulations for first responders, improving their preparedness and proficiency in managing large-scale disasters [32; 33]. The FASTER project utilizes UAVs and UGVs for mapping, transportation, and resource delivery, while AR tools provide real-time information, increasing responders' effectiveness and safety in various emergencies [34]. The RESPOND-A project ensures continuous connectivity and improved situational awareness for first responders using intelligent wearable sensors, AR and VR, as well as drone-assisted smart monitoring [35]. Zipline International utilizes an intelligent automated system to deliver blood, vaccines, and medical devices to people in need, highlighting the potential societal benefitsof ML technologies in the drone delivery industry [36]. The INGENIOUS project employs a combination of UAVs, UGVs, and smart wearable sensors to enhance first responder safety and operational capacity in various disaster scenarios, from earthquakes to chemical spills [37; 38].