# Research on the Laws of Overlying Rock Fracture and Energy Release under Different Mining Speeds
## 1 Introduction  
As deep resource extraction progressively expands, mines are being developed at increasingly greater depths, resulting in heightened stress effects that contribute to a rising accident rate of impact damage between working faces and tunnels [1, 2, 3]. In response to the growing frequency of these disasters and accidents, numerous scholars have suggested a variety of preventive strategies, such as zonal impact prevention support design [4], risk quantification assessments for mining schemes [5], the development of mine rock burst systems [6], and the creation of specific energy-absorbing and anti-erosion structures for tunnels [7, 8]. However, challenges such as the high cost of support materials, the low accuracy of monitoring and early warning systems, and the intense workload for workers still persist [9]. Rock bursts are primarily induced by underground mining activities [10]. The strategic planning and regulation of mining intensity, along with minimizing the energy release from surrounding rocks during mining, are crucial for preventing rock burst disasters [11]. The control of mining intensity fundamentally involves managing the release of elastic energy from overlying strata per unit of time [12]. A significant relationship exists between the advancing speed of the working face and the energy release within the stop [13]. The unpredictability of the underground rock mass environment has led to a limited number of theoretical studies on the energy release of surrounding rock during coal mining [14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. At present, the connection between the advancing speed of the working face and energy release is predominantly investigated through microseismic energy monitoring [19]. [PERSON] et al. [20] established a notable positive correlation between the mining speed of the working face and microseismic events, indicating thatan optimal mining speed could reduce impact risks. In contrast, other researchers [21; 22; 23; 24] contended that an increase in the advancing speed might convert low-energy microseismic events into high-energy ones, thereby increasing the risk of impacts. [PERSON] et al. [25] and [PERSON] et al. [26] pinpointed a sudden change in mining speed as a key trigger for mine earthquakes, recommending steady, slow mining as an effective strategy to significantly lower the incidence of impacts. [PERSON] et al. [27] suggested maintaining a consistent optimal mining speed across different working faces to mitigate risks. [PERSON] et al. [28], through the use of the Seismological Observation System (SOS), identified an almost linear positive relationship between the frequency of low-energy mine earthquakes, their energy, and mining speed, alongside a nonlinear correlation with high-energy mine earthquakes. Given the complex nature of underground environments, relying solely on theoretical analysis to fully understand the dynamics of energy release in mining fields presents significant challenges. As a result, numerous researchers have adopted numerical simulation techniques to investigate the relationship between the advancing speed and the energy released from overlying rock [29; 30; 31; 32; 33]. While extensive research has been carried out on the evolution of stress within mining fields, studies specifically addressing the energy released from mining activities are comparatively scarce. [PERSON] et al. [23] utilized numerical simulations to identify a critical advancing speed for the island working face that pertains to the release of elastic energy, a finding supported by microseismic field data. [PERSON] et al. [34] found that an increased extraction rate accelerates the process of energy release and accumulation in rock strata. [PERSON] et al. [35] explored the energy distribution affected by geological faults, observing several large energy events occurring prior to rock failure. [PERSON] [36] applied numerical simulation to statistically analyze the energy released from rock fractures under loading conditions.