###### Abstract
This categorization enabled a comprehensive analysis of the coordination between the upper and lower limbs, facilitating an assessment of their coordination patterns during swimming performance. Para swimmer classification is a structured method aimed at ensuring equitable competition for athletes with disabilities [12]. It involves assessing each athlete's impairment and its impact on swimming performance to group competitors into classes with those with similar functional abilities [13]. Notably, inter-limb coordination in swimming is influenced by various factors, including body dimensions [14; 15], propulsive force [16; 17], passive and active resistance [18], stroke rate [18], and breathing patterns [19]. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider the adaptations in para swimmers, as previous studies have often overlooked the unique challenges and modifications required for disabled swimmers. Understanding these adaptations is essential, as they can significantly impact inter-limb coordination and overall swimming performance. This study on para swimmers not only highlights the complexity of swimming as a skillful movement, but also emphasizes the need for specialized research that addresses the balance between stability and variability in their swimming techniques. Efficient coordination between the upper and lower limbs is vital for overcoming water resistance and propelling the body forward, showcasing the intricacies involved in this demanding sport [20]. More traditional approaches to studying expert performance in swimming have led scientists and coaches to search for a putative 'ideal' inter-limb coordination pattern that would provide a biomechanical profile [21]. However, this approach is challenging when optimizing para swimming movement due to their interpersonal differences. From an ecological dynamics framework perspective, this specific coordination pattern between kick and pull emerged from the interaction of key constraints including the swimming event, environment, and the para swimmer's unique characteristics and capabilities. Para swimmers' unique coordination patterns emerge from self-organization under the influence of physical constraints, indicating the crucial role of these constraints in shaping performance [22]. The variability between swimming strokes suggests that the non-linear characteristics in the coordination patterns, which would be functional to optimize stroke efficiency [23; 24], especially for para swimmers who cannot adhere to one optimal movement pattern. Paralympic swimming is also a renowned competitive sport worldwide, and it classifies disabled athletes based on their functional levels and abilities [25]. Physical impairments inevitably affect their inter-limb coordination. Amputee swimmers often adopt an asymmetrical swimming strategy to coordinate their intact arm with the amputated arm. The coordination of the upper limbs in amputee swimmers is influenced by variations in swimming velocity, with the frequency of strokes from the amputated arm playing a critical role in determining overall propulsion. Improving the coordination abilities of disabled athletes holds promise for enhancing their overall performance [26]. The researchers validated the feasibility of using the IdC to measure the swimming performance of individuals with disabilities and the IdIC to measure the hand-leg coordination patterns [2; 3]. However, there is a notable absence of research on the inter-limb coordination in swimming for disabled individuals. Swimmers classified as S10 and S12 are of particular interest because their disability grading is closest to that of able-bodied swimmers. This makes them an ideal group for investigating disparities in limb coordination patterns, offering a unique opportunity to explore the adaptive strategies and biomechanical adjustments that enable optimal performance despite physical limitations.