## 4 Discussion
At present, the highest percentage of patients with normal or near-normal return of sensation with a low rate of complications was obtained in repairs using allograft and autograft methods (in the nerves of the fingers) [24]. Thanks to them, new synthetic implant materials can be developed that better overcome the shortcomings of existing products and facilitate effective and reliable tissue repair. Comparison of the performance of a synthetic non-biological nanofabricated data mater substitute with cross-linked bovine collagen showed that both solutions were effective in repairing data mater defects and preventing CSF leakage after surgery. However, increased neutralization, reduced cortical adhesion and a lower inflammatory response occurred in defects repaired with the synthetic material [25; 26]. It is also crucial to develop objective measurement methods, such as in finger therapy, where the assessment of sensory and functional nerve regeneration in patients after digital nerve injury includes both quantitative sensory tests, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, range of motion and the PainDetect questionnaire. This allows determining not only the absence of pain or the degree of recovery of functions that are key to the patient's functioning, but, for example, the degree of functional impairment in terms of work efficiency, which is important for the patients' return to normal functioning [27]. Another problem is that in some cases the results did not show significant differences between the groups, perhaps due to methodological limitations. The choice is then made based on the neurosurgeon's experience, including complication rates. AI/ML solutions could provide him with a second opinion to improve the accuracy of the decision in a specific case [28]. In the study of the efficacy of lingual nerve microsurgery and achieving functional sensory recovery, both subjective sensory recovery (using neurosensory tests: heat, cold, streak, brush, and pin pick responses) and objective recovery (using 2-point discrimination and light touch threshold) were used [29]. The results were assessed from 2 months to even 8 years after the procedure, and this is the need for long-term follow-up [30]. Safe and effective absorbable synthetic substitutes made of poly-L-lactide microfibers are particularly desirable as an on-lay dura mater graft. In animal studies, such an absorbable synthetic dura mater substitute demonstrated good wettability and conformability as well as excellent physical properties and performance parameters for both onlay and sutured applications [31]. Antigens must be eliminated from animal tissue bone grafts to be biocompatible [32]. Strategies utilize implants for the structural purpose of replacing excised tissue, facilitating tissue regrowth, assisting with hemostasis, and/or assisting in the delivery of bioactive substances. Non synthetic products still offer several advantages: bioactivity, active remodeling, and reduced inflammatory and foreign body responses [33]. The results of our own research on the mechanical properties of the collagen implant have shown an improvement in tensile strength and elasticity compared to the data presented in the literature from the last decade. The current implants show 15% higher strength while maintaining a porous structure supporting integration with the nervous tissue. The use of modified type I collagen resulted in increased resistance to enzymatic degradation, but further results suggest a longer time of maintaining the mechanical structure in the physiological environment. The use of intelligent ML algorithms allowed for better prediction of the material's behavior under dynamic loading. The integration of Industry 4.0 solutions, such as digital twins, allowed for a more precise representation of real biomechanical conditions than in previous works, which were mainly based on static laboratory tests.