# Solid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
## 3 Sample Pretreatment--Solid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques
### Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Analytes** & **Sample** & **Sample Pretreatment and Extraction Procedure** & **Analytical Technique** & **LOD\({}_{1}\)LOQ** & **Linear Range** & **Ref. ** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Ritampkin} & \multirow{8}{*}{200 ul. of plasma} & SSE (magnetic PDMS coated strip bar): the bar is conditioned for 24 hh via total confining acetonitrile plasma is placed in a wall to which 4 mL of 0.25 mm/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5) is added; the vial sealed, the strip bar  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Analyles** & **Sample** & **Sample Pretreatment and Extraction Procedure** & **Analytical Technique** & **LOD; LOQ** & **Linear Range** & **Ref. ** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Fluence} & \multirow{6}{*}{FUSE (PDMS stir bar): the bar is conditioned for 24 h under magnetic strips in a solution of mechanielectrophoretic (208), \(\pi\): } \\  & & plasma is placed in rail to rail to the SWB bar and 379.5 mL of \\  & & plasma is placed in rail to rail to the SWB bar and 379.5 mL of \\  & & plasma is 0.000 mL of \\  & & used, stirring to 30 min at a temperature of 30 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolCelsius}\), \(\pi\): one has \\  & & removed from the desorption scheme, the sample is expoised, \\  & & and the residue is addressed in 250 mL of deposition solution. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Fluence} & \multirow{6}{*}{FUSE (90 mL of PCAP-PDAS PCAP board membrane): the membrane is not uniform squares of 1 cm at surface, Gained and \\  & & attached by methanol-outoutoutout (60 mL of PCAP-Sim), \(  
Through the application of the SBSE extraction procedure, [PERSON] et al. [108] developed a methodology for the determination of fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram and paroxetine in 800 uL of plasma samples. With analysis by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with diode-array detection, they obtained LOQ values between 10 and 25 ng/mL, with linearity in the range of 20 to 500 ng/mL for fluoxetine. The results obtained demonstrated that the method is suitable for analysis of the antidepressants under study at therapeutic levels and for therapeutic monitoring purposes, but also in the evaluation of plasmatic levels in toxicological analysis after accidental or suicidal ingestion. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [111] developed a method for the determination of fluoxetine in 240 uL of plasma with the same extraction technique and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. The authors obtained an LOQ value of 32.67 ng/mL and linearity between 25 and 250 ng/mL and concluded that the method represented a potential tool since it allows results at concentrations compatible with TDM, with less endogenous interference and that it may help to understand the dose-response relationship of antidepressants in the human body. [PERSON] et al. [110] developed a method for the simultaneous monitoring of three drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (ciprofloxacin, sulfasalazine and cortisone) in blood, plasma and urine samples, with extraction by FPSE and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. LOQ values between 0.05 and 0.10 ug/mL were obtained for all biological samples, and the authors concluded that this new approach has a high potential as a fast, robust and green analytical tool for future clinical and pharmaceutical applications. Another application for the FPSE extraction technique is the work carried out by [PERSON] et al. [114] for the determination of six solar UV filters in blood, plasma and urine samples, for which the authors concluded that it opens a new direction in the analysis of these compounds with potential future applications in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology, with the objective of evaluating bioaccumulation and the adverse human health effects of personal care product ingredients.