## 1 Introduction
Shaking table test methods are divided into centrifuge shaking table tests and ordinary shaking table tests, each with the characteristic of strictly controlling the research parameters of the test object and being unaffected by external environmental and natural conditions [11]. General shaking table test equipment is typically large and can conduct large-scale model tests, with relatively minimal model size effects on the test. In contrast, the model size in centrifuge tests is generally small, and the test results are easily influenced by boundary effects [12]. Given the characteristics of these research methods, the numerical dynamic analysis method is generally utilized to analyze the dynamic response characteristics of the tunnel structure, and subsequently, the shaking table test is employed to validate the dynamic response characteristics, yielding significant effects. Common numerical analysis methods include the finite element method, finite difference method, discrete element method, and others. The finite element method is commonly implemented using software such as ANSYS 10.0 and ABAQUS 6.11, while the finite difference method typically utilizes software like FLAC3D 9.0. [PERSON] [13], in 2013, employed the finite element analysis method to compare and evaluate the seismic behavior of a tunnel with different cross-sectional shapes, focusing on a portal segment in a shallow-built tunnel located in a seismic region with strong motion. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [14], in 2018, investigated the behavior of the concrete lining of circular shallow tunnels in sedimentary urban areas under seismic loads using an integration of numerical and metaheuristic techniques. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [15], in 2019, explored the function of the tunnel lining under static and seismic conditions by combining the response surface method, the HasoferLind reliability concept, and the finite element method, with a focus on the reliability of the lining system of a small underground tunnel in the soil. [PERSON] et al. (2021), in 2021, established an ABAQUS finite element model to clarify the influence of fiber-reinforced concrete lining structure on the seismic performance of an urban shallow-buried rectangular tunnel. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. (2022), in 2022,applied the finite element method to examine the influence of the thickness of a shock absorption layer on the seismic effect of an urban shallow-buried double-arch rectangular tunnel. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. (2022), in 2022, employed full dynamic time history analysis to investigate the interaction in the transversal direction of an arched tunnel buried in a stratified soil in Hohhot, China. A numerical parametric analysis was conducted to elucidate critical response characteristics. Shaking table tests for tunnels are used to validate numerical calculation results or theoretical analysis findings, and to independently analyze the dynamic response characteristics of tunnel structures. The comparative analysis of several anti-vibration measures by [PERSON] et al. (2019) falls into the latter category. Shaking table model tests were conducted to investigate the seismic behaviors of a double box utility tunnel with joint connections and the surrounding soil (2019). [PERSON] et al. (2020) investigated the seismic behavior of a shield tunnel with an ultra-large diameter of 15 m passing through a soft-hard stratum using a series of 1/30 scaled shaking table model tests and numerical simulations. Additionally, in 2022, [PERSON] et al. (2021) studied the seismic performance of a shield tunnel under near-field ground motion, conducting a series of large-scale shaking table tests. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of seismic performance for an extra-large cross-section highway tunnel crossing faults through a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation. A representative case tunnel in Southwest China was selected as the research object.