# Investigation of the Opposite-Electrode Effect on the Planar Solid-State Pulse-Forming Line
## 4 Design and Simulation of the Opposite-Electrode PFL  
Based on the above theoretical model, we designed an opposite-electrode PFL, the ground electrode of which adopts a curved electrode structure consistent with the high-voltage electrode. Figure 5 shows an enhanced view of two PFLs. The ground electrode of the opposite-electrode PFL consists of the same width as the high-voltage electrode; thus, its edge electric field enhancement effect is smaller. This structural design is beneficial in increasing the withstand voltage and reduce heat generation under continuous operation.  
Using the FEM, the electric field at the edge of the high-voltage electrodes of the two types of PFL shown in Figure 5 was simulated during electrostatic analysis. During this simulation analysis, we employed the electrostatic simulation module of COMSOL Multiphysics, utilizing the parameters illustrated in Figure 1 to construct simulation models for both types of PFL, with the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material (\(\epsilon_{r}\)) set to 320, and the environment medium set to air. Furthermore, a mesh density setting of 'Fine' was implemented to enhance simulation accuracy. The simulation incorporated electric field monitoring lines, as illustrated in Figure 6a, positi  
Figure 4: Simulation results of the relationship between electric field strength and electrode width.  
Figure 5: Enhanced view of (**a**) the full-electrode PFL and (**b**) the opposite-electrode PFL.  
edge of the high-voltage electrodes. To achieve normalized simulation results, the voltage of the high-voltage electrodes was set to 1 V, while ground electrodes were grounded. The electric field monitoring lines were categorized into six segments according to their respective locations (I-VI). The electric field strength along electric field monitoring lines for the two types of PFL, as derived from the simulation results, is illustrated in Figure 6b.  
The simulation results indicate that the edge electric field of the full-electrode PFL's high-voltage electrode consistently exceeds that of the opposite-electrode PFL's high-voltage electrode along the entire length of the electric field monitoring lines. Among them, the edge electric field strength is notably higher in the I, III, and V segments of the full-electrode PFL's high-voltage electrode, reaching values up to 70 V/m; in comparison, it is marginally reduced in the II, IV, and VI segments. The high-voltage electrode of the full-electrode PFL has a varying ground electrode width at different positions, as the width of the ground electrode at the I, III, and V segments of the PFL is larger. These factors result in marked enhancement in the electric field at the edge of the high-voltage electrode at these positions. However, the ground electrode structure of the opposite-electrode PFL is the same as the high-voltage electrode, with the width of the ground electrode at different positions being equal to that of the high-voltage electrode. Therefore, there is a smaller edge electric field at different positions of the opposite-electrode PFL's high-voltage electrode, with no obvious enhancement effect.