## 2 Materials and Equipment
### Methodology for the Evaluation of Geometrical Deviations  
Geometrical deviations of the four produced test samples were measured using the coordinate measuring technique. The CMM device Carl Zeiss Contura G2 (Figure 6a) with Calypso software was used for the evaluation. Software Calypso allows for the evaluation of various geometric deviations, such as straightness, flatness, and cylindricity. The clamping position used for geometrical deviation measurement is shown in Figure 6b.  
Figure 4: The schematic diagram of the constant stepover strategy.  
Figure 5: The schematic diagram of the spiral strategy.  
To align the part in the machine coordinate system, a coordinate system consisting of the features shown in Figure 7 was used. The primary feature (spatial rotation) is defined by a circle on the BS Plane. The circle is created from 4 points. The secondary feature (spatial rotation) is defined by a line marked as BS Line consisting of 2 points. The zero position for the \(X\) and \(Y\) directions is defined by the BS Circle and for the \(Z\) axis by the BS Plane. To increase the accuracy of the alignment, a loop for a maximum of 5 repetitions was used with the delta value set to 0.005 mm.  
A probe with a 3 mm diameter on a length of 50 mm with a Rubin sphere for the measurement was used. The ten circular paths with a distance of 1.5 mm created on a cylindrical surface were used to measure the deviation of circularity and cylindricity. The first circle was measured at a depth of 1.55 mm from the BS Plane. The circles were measured using scanning with a 0.1 mm point-to-point step. For the circularity/roundness measurements, 2 settings were used. In the first case, no filter or outlier elimination was applied, and the least squares method (LSQ) was used for evaluation. In the second case, a Gaussian filter with 4 undulations per revolution was used. A cylinder was created using the Recall feature points function from the measured circular trajectories.  
Figure 6: The CMM device Carl Zeiss Contura G2 (a) CMM device; (b) Clamping and measurement processing.  
Figure 7: Base system definition.  
The bottom flatness evaluation used the data recorded by the scanning sensor over 11 concentric circular paths. The largest diameter of the circle was 33 mm, and each additional diameter was 3 mm smaller. A scanning strategy with 0.1 mm point spacing was used for measurement, and an LSQ feature with \(\pm\)2 SD (standard deviation) value elimination and Spline low pass fitting with wavelength L\({}_{\text{C}}\) = 2.5 mm was used for evaluation. The individual measured areas and the evaluated characteristics are shown in Figure 8.  
A measurement strategy using 4 line segments was chosen to evaluate the straightness of the cylindrical surface of the pocket. The start of the measurement was at a depth of 1.5 mm from the BS plane, and the end of the measurement was at 13.5 mm. A scanning strategy with a step size of 0.1 mm was used for the measurement, and the LSQ (least squares) method and Spline low-pass filter with wavelength L\({}_{\text{C}}\) = 2.5 mm were used for the evaluation without eliminating outliers. The location and indication of the individual lines for the directness evaluation are shown in Figure 9.