# Artificial Intelligence in Virtual Telemedicine Triage:
## 3 Materials and Methods
### Triage Measurement Device  
The triage measurement device used in this study was designed to measure patients' body temperature, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation. These measurements are useful in identifying patterns in the symptoms of respiratory infections and can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. The device consists of an MLX90614 infrared sensor for measuring body temperature, an MAX30100 sensor for measuring blood oxygen saturation, and a heart rate monitor. These components are integrated into a single portable device that can be used at home or in clinics and hospitals. Measuring body temperature is a common way to detect respiratory infections. Fever is a common symptom of many respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19. Measurement of heart rate can be useful in assessing the severity of illness and detecting complications. Measurement of blood oxygen saturation is important to identify cases of hypoxemia, which may indicate severe respiratory disease. The triage measurement device used in this study communicated with the telemedicine virtual assistant to provide real-time data for analysis. The data collected by the device were used along with the patient's clinical information to train and evaluate the artificial intelligence models used in this study. Moreover, the integration of the three vital signs measurement capabilities into a single portable device is a significant advancement in telemedicine. This device allows for remote patient monitoring, which can be useful in areas where access to medical care is limited, or in situations where patients are unable to leave their homes due to illness or quarantine. The use of telemedicine devices such as a triage measurement device can help to reduce the risk of exposure to infectious diseases, reduce healthcare costs, and increase access to medical care. In this context, an electronic system was implemented to measure vital signs in real-time, such as body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, and can be displayed by means of an OLED SSD1306 screen and at the same time these data are sent to the web application through the MQTT protocol. These data are displayed on a graphical interface hosted on the Google Cloud server at the same time. In addition, a battery charge measurement was integrated so that the user knows when to charge the device. Finally, two LEDs were placed to serve as indicators, showing whether the device is charging or not and whether or not the device is connected to the network. In view of this, it was decided to use the following architecture shown in Figure 1, which is made up of 3 layers: sensing, processing, and visualization. Device Communication with the Web Application  
To transmit data to the web application, the research team utilized the MQTT messaging protocol, which is designed for efficient, lightweight communication in constrained environments. The protocol architecture, as shown in Figure 2, involves the acquisition of measured data, which is then published in the designated \"sensors\" topic. The Mosquito broker is used to distribute this data to all subscribers, including the Google Cloud server hosting the virtual machine in this study. However, for this particular application, the Google Cloud server was the only subscriber utilized to receive and process the data. By implementing the MQTT protocol, the research was able to establish a reliable and secure  
Figure 1: Architecture of the electronic vital signs measurement system. communication channel for data transmission, enabling real-time monitoring and analysis of the measured data. With the rise of telemedicine, it has become increasingly important to develop effective and affordable solutions that enable remote patient monitoring and diagnosis. In this study, the researchers utilized low-cost sensors and the MQTT protocol to enable real-time transmission of medical data, allowing doctors to diagnose respiratory infections remotely.