## 3 Results
### XRD Analysis  
Figure 3 shows the XRD pattern of the ZrO\({}_{2}\)-CdWO\({}_{4}\) NC within the 2\(\theta\) range of 10-80\({}^{\circ}\). XRD analysis was conducted using the Crystal Impact Match program. Results obtained confirmed that CdWO4 has monoclinic symmetry with cell dimensions of a = 4.9750 A, b = 5.7650 A, c = 5.0370 A and \(\beta\) = 91.840\({}^{\circ}\) (space group P 1 2/c 1) and ZrO\({}_{2}\) has tetragonal symmetry with cell dimensions a= 3.6120 A and c= 5.2120 A (space group P 42/n m c). The 2\(\theta\) values at 23.26\({}^{\circ}\), 28.83\({}^{\circ}\), 35.49\({}^{\circ}\), 47.44\({}^{\circ}\), and 51.93\({}^{\circ}\) corresponded to (110), (111), (002), (022), and (221) lattice planes, indicating a wolframite structure of CdWO\({}_{4}\) (entry number 969013916) [17; 39; 40]. The 2\(\theta\) values at 29.10\({}^{\circ}\), 50.55\({}^{\circ}\), 60.21\({}^{\circ}\), and 63.14\({}^{\circ}\) correspond to the tetragonal phase of ZrO\({}_{2}\) (entry number 961526428) [41; 42]. The amount of CdWO\({}_{4}\) and ZrO\({}_{2}\) in samples is 90.2% and 9.8%, respectively. The XRD pattern of ZrO\({}_{2}\)-CdWO\({}_{4}\) can also be verified from the XRD spectrum of the previously reported CdWO4-based NC such as ZnO-CdWO\({}_{4}\), CuO-CdWO\({}_{4}\), and CuO-ZnO-CdWO\({}_{4}\). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the ZrO\({}_{2}\)-CdWO\({}_{4}\) nanocomposite showed distinct peaks that corresponded to the crystal facets of the monoclinic phase of ZrO\({}_{2}\), specifically (111), (200), (220), (311), and (400). These results were consistent with the crystal structure identified by JCPDS no. 00-037-1484. Furthermore, the ZrO\({}_{2}\)-CdWO\({}_{4}\) NC exhibited diffraction peaks that were identified as the crystal facets (110), (\(-\)112), (211), (\(-\)203), (311), and (\(-\)231) of the tetragonal phase of ZrO\({}_{2}\) (JCPDS # 00-017-0923). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of ZrO\({}_{2}\)-CdWO\({}_{4}\) nanocrystals indicates the presence of ZrO\({}_{2}\) in both the monoclinic and tetragonal phases. Figure 3: X-ray diffraction pattern for the ZrO\({}_{2}\)-CdWO\({}_{4}\) NCs. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Order**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**NCs**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Plant Extract**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**FITR Peaks**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref. **} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{1.} & \multirow{2}{*}{CdWO\({}_{4}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Brassian npq leaf_} & 3419 cm\({}^{-1}\)-O-H; 2923 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 2853 cm\({}^{-1}\) & \multirow{2}{*}{900–500 cm\({}^{-1}\) Intrinsic vibrations of Cd} & \multirow{2}{*}{[34]} \\  & & & C-H of CH\({}_{3}\) and CH\({}_{3}\); 1460–1020 cm\({}^{-1}\) & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{2.} & \multirow{2}{*}{ZnO-CdWO\({}_{4}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Lemm leaf_} & 3459 cm\({}^{-1}\)-OH; 1671 cm\({}^{-1}\)-OH/amide; & & \\  & & & 1469 cm\({}^{-1}\)-C; 1084 cm\({}^{-1}\) C-N & & Cd-O; 447 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 417 cm\({}^{-1}\) Zn-O & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{3.} & \multirow{2}{*}{CuO-CdWO\({}_{4}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Brassian npq leaf_} & 3481–3400 cm\({}^{-1}\)-OH; 1670–1590 cm\({}^{-1}\) C = O, & & \\  & & & -NH; and aromatic C = C–1640–1020 cm\({}^{-1}\) & 1000–400 cm\({}^{-1}\) CuO and CdWO\({}_{4}\) & [16] \\ \multirow{2}{*}{4.} & \multirow{2}{*}{CuO-ZnO-CdWO\({}_{4}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Brassian npq leaf_} & 3664–3600 cm\({}^{-1}\)-OH; 2923 and 2854 cm\({}^{-1}\) & 886.5 cm\({}^{-1}\)-CdWO; 708 cm\({}^{-1}\) W-O\({}_{4}\) 450 cm\({}^{-1}\) & \\  & & & C-H of CH\({}_{3}\) and CH\({}_{3}\), 1746 and 1634 cm\({}^{-1}\) & Cd-O; 531 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 595 cm\({}^{-1}\) Zn-O and & \\  & & & C-O and O-H & & Cu-O, respectively \\ \multirow{2}{*}{5.}