## 3 Results and Discussion
### Experimental Results and Analysis
#### 3.2.1 Results of Cyclic Triaxial Tests
In addition, as indicated in Figure 10, when the mudstone FC was 30% and the kaolinite FC was 15% or 30%, the CSR must reach 0.30 or higher to reach initial liquefaction, or if the CSR was 0.24, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Specimen** & **FC (\%)** & **CSR** & **No. (Ru = 0.2)** & **No. (Ru = 0.5)** & **No. (Ru = 0.7)** & **No. (Ru = 0.9)** & **No. (Ru = 1.0)** \\ \hline M-FC15-01 & & 0.15 & 6 & 17 & 22 & 35 & 83 \\ M-FC15-02 & 15 & 0.19 & 4 & 8 & 12 & 22 & 56 \\ M-FC15-03 & & 0.24 & 1 & 4 & 7 & 18 & 42 \\ \hline M-FC30-01 & & 0.24 & 1 & 3 & 5 & 22 & 168 \\ M-FC30-02 & 30 & 0.29 & 1 & 2 & 4 & 17 & 74 \\ M-FC30-03 & & 0.34 & 1 & 1.5 & 3.5 & 15 & 26 \\ \hline K-FC15-01 & & 0.3 & 1 & 1.5 & 3 & 49 & 187 \\ K-FC15-02 & 15 & 0.35 & 1 & 2 & 6.5 & 40 & 88 \\ K-FC15-03 & & 0.42 & 0.1 & 0.6 & 2 & 4.5 & 11 \\ \hline K-FC30-01 & & 0.41 & 1 & 3 & 9 & 90 & 215 \\ K-FC30-02 & 30 & 0.45 & 1 & 2.3 & 8 & 16 & 107 \\ K-FC30-03 & & 0.49 & 1.3 & 5 & 9 & 29 & 59 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._  
Figure 10: CSRs plotted against the cyclic numbers from the data in Table 3 (Ru = 1.0). the initial cyclic number had to be at least 168. When the mudstone FC was 15% and the Liugui FC was 15% or 30%, the CSR had to be 0.15-0.25. [PERSON] et al. [24] conducted repeated triaxial tests on clay soils. Regardless of whether the cyclic loading frequency was 0.1 or 0.01 Hz, when the cyclic number was between 3 and 100 and the required CSR was approximately 0.26-0.41, the specimen demonstrated higher liquefaction resistance. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] used Shelby tubes to perform cyclic triaxial tests on Adapazari soil specimens. For specimens with high FCs, a CSR of approximately 0.360-0.380 was applied. Nevertheless, the specimen with a PI value of 33 had a PWP ratio of only 0.5 at the end of the tests, and the ratio seemed unlikely to increase. For specimens with low FCs, a CSR of approximately 0.40-0.42 was used. Among specimens with PI values of 19-40, the specimen with a PI value of 36 had a PWP ratio of only 0.5 at the end of the tests, whereas the specimen with a PI value of 39 had a PWP ratio of approximately 0.85. [PERSON] et al. [26] collected undisturbed specimens from a conventional mud-rotary drill hole in British Columbia, Canada through fixed-piston tube sampling. The specimen with a PI value of 34 had a cyclic number between 1 and 100 when the CSR was 0.25-0.39, whereas the specimens with PI values of 4-7 had cyclic numbers between 1 and 100 when the CSR was approximately 0.14-0.28. The results in the literature are thus similar to the results of the experiments performed in the present study. These findings indicate that the data in Figure 10 are reasonable. The specimens with a Liugui FC of 15% or a mudstone FC of 15% were able to reach initial liquefaction when the CSR was lower than 0.30, but the specimens containing kaolinite fines were only able to reach initial liquefaction when the CSR was higher than 0.30, indicating that the PI values of the soils greatly affected their liquefaction resistance. In addition, the cyclic stress ratio of specimen containing mudstone (PI = 12.4) and kaolinite (PI = 32.0) fines increased by 1.5-3.0 times over the non-plastic fines if the cyclic number chosen was 100. Even though the cyclic number was limited to 10-20 when an earthquake occurred, this study is still important for sand-silt-clay mixtures with high cyclic numbers. Figure 11 illustrates the process of liquefaction as the PWPs of the specimens increased during repeated triaxial testing. The test results of the three clean sand specimens are presented in Figure 11. According to Table 4, the three specimens required a cyclic number of \(\leq\)92 to reach initial liquefaction. Therefore, a cyclic number of 100 was used in the analysis. The CSRs of the three specimens were low (0.14, 0.18, and 0.22, respectively). The WP excitation processes of the specimens each consisted of an initial excitation stage, a stable excitation stage, and an accelerated excitation stage.