# Millimeter-Wave Smart Antenna Solutions for URLLC in Industry 4.0 and Beyond
Some of the major key performance indicators in this view are illustrated in Figure 2.  
Figure 1: Avenues of 5G services in the viewpoint of Industry 4.0 and beyond. Since more spectra and new technologies are required to provide larger data rates for users to meet the ever-increasing high-speed wireless communications; therefore, industrial wireless communication is envisaged to embrace the 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) ISM band as an enabling technology to support URLLC [36; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50]. In the mmWave regime, the 60 GHz ISM band carries a huge potential through which a wide variety of industrial automation applications can be realized. Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig) is an industrial consortium that dictates the 60 GHz unlicensed band with multi-gigabits per second (mGbps)-level data rate under IEEE 802.11 ad and IEEE 802.11 ay standards [45; 51; 52; 46; 53]. WiGig is the next-generation Wi-Fi standard for the 60 GHz band envisioned to unleash URLLC in the indoor factory environment. It offers a huge bandwidth of 14 GHz, which is way more than all sub-6 GHz unlicensed bands combined. Moreover, the standardization of the new radio access technology (RAT) for 5G systems, called New Radio (NR) under the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP), supports mmWave carrier frequencies. In this context, the considerations to allow NR to access unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) of 60 GHz are anticipated [48; 54; 55]. Details about the waveforms and numerologies of 5G NR are discussed in detail in [56; 57]. A number of surveys, tutorials, and reviews are presented in the literature about various technologies associated with Industry 4.0 and beyond [1; 4; 6; 7], mmWave communication [45; 46; 51; 52; 53; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62], and mmWave antenna designs [63; 64; 65]. Discussions about IoT, cyber-physical systems, big data, health care for Industry 4.0, and revolutionary phases toward Industry 5.0 are presented in [1; 4; 6; 7]. A survey of enabling technologies in Industry 5.0, such as edge computing, digital twins, collaborative robotics, Internet of Everything, blockchain, and 6G and beyond networks, is presented in [24]. For 60 GHz transceiver design, advances in the design of mmWave circuit components such as power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, on-chip, and in-package antennas are discussed in [59]. A survey of solutions and standards used in designing architectures and protocols for mmWave communications is reported in [61]. A review of multibeam antennas with beamforming systems is presented in [64]. A review of mmWave beamforming and MIMO is presented in [45; 60; 61; 62]. The wireless protocols and standards (such as IEEE 802.11 ad/ay) working at 60 GHz are reviewed in [45; 51; 52; 53]. An inclusive review of mmWave array antennas for various mmWave applications is presented in [63; 65] but without the demands and context of Industry 4.0 and beyond. However, it is noticed that a combined study of the requirements of Industry 4.0 and beyond, potential frequency bands, and related smart antenna solutions for them is missing in the literature. Consequently, to address this gap, here we first present the review of industrial communication in the context of Industry 4.0 and beyond, then highlight the potential of the 60 GHz mmWave  
Figure 2: Key performance indicators for Industry 4.0 and beyond communication. band for future industrial communications, and finally review various smart antenna designs at 60 GHz for Industry 4.0 and beyond communication. A summary of the earlier contributions to Industry 4.0 and beyond, mmWave communication, and mmWave antenna designs are depicted in Table 1.