esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
###### Abstract  
A method for volumetric Tensor Velocity Imaging employing row-column (RC) addressed array with low computational complexity is investigated in simulations. An interleaved and non-interleaved sliding aperture sequence with 11 rows and 11 columns emissions by a 62 + 62 RC addressed array was used. The 3D velocities were estimated by a transverse oscillation (TO) cross-correlation estimator. Parabolic profiles at six different orientations corresponding to combinations of 0.45 degrees azimuth angles and 90, 75, 60 beam-to-flow angles were investigated with 5 kHz pulse repetition frequencies. The Field II simulations were performed at a depth of 30 mm with peak velocity of 0.3 m/s. Across all vessel orientations, the relative mean bias varied from 2.3% to \(-\)14.26%, and the relative standard deviation varied from 0.43% to 5.5%. The best and worst performance was found at beam to flow angles of 90 degrees with 0 degrees rotation angle and 60 degrees beam-to-flow angle with 45 degrees rotation angle respectively. Due to the low channel count of the RC array and the low computational complexity, real-time implementation is feasible on conventional ultrasound systems.  
vector flow imaging; row-columns addressed array; volumetric tensor velocity imaging 2021
# The Performance Study of a Novel Vertical Variable Stiffness Disc Spring Seismic Isolation Bearing
## 2 Working Mechanism of VVSDSI Bearing
### Characteristic Working Status  
The stiffness of the VVSDSI bearing varies with the actual deformation, allowing its working state to be classified into two stages: the isolation stage and the protection stage, as illustrated in Figure 4. The deformation of the disc springs differs between these stages. In the isolation stage (Figure 4a), the bearing undergoes relatively small deformations. At this stage, the upper and lower disc spring groups work in unison, providing relatively low vertical stiffness, which enhances vibration isolation effectiveness. As deformation increases, the upper disc spring group reaches its compression limit. Subsequently, the lower disc spring group deforms, transitioning the structure into the protection stage (Figure 4b). In this state, the vertical stiffness of the bearing increases significantly, enabling an adaptive adjustment of vertical stiffness to enhance structural protection.
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper we compared and combined nonlinear detection by SVM with post-compensation techniques for the mitigation of nonlinearities regarding their performance and computational complexity. Unlike clustering and classification algorithms like EM or KMA, the SVM does not require any prior knowledge of the modulation format. We have shown that by combining NLVE and SVM based detection it is possible to improve the overall system performance for 64 GBd 64-QAM coherent transmission over 100 km. For example, at 3 dBm launch power, the BER is reduced from 7.7 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) to 3.1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\) by SVM. It is well known that nonlinear equalization using an NLVE is computationally quite complex, so a trade-off between complexity and performance is often required. Therefore, the performance of a reduced NLVE was evaluated and the obtained results have shown, that by adding an SVM it is possible to reduce the number of coefficients by 74% while maintaining or improving the overall system performance. The SVM classification approach provides a way to cluster datasets without prior knowledge of the channel characteristics or the modulation format. Based on the previous studies and discussions, we strongly believe that in context of coherent optical transmission systems, an enhanced detection by using SVM and its methods should be further investigated. So far, we mainly examined a single channel and single-polarization. Other effects among multiple channels and polarization effects will be taken into account in future studies.  
Conceptualization, R.W., J.K., P.P. and S.P. developed the concept; formal analysis, R.W. and J.K.; designed and performed the simulations and analyzed the data; writing--original draft preparation, R.W. and P.P.; writing--review and editing, J.K., S.O. and S.P.  
This research received no external funding.  
We gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Coorporation for the donation of the Titan Xp GPU used for this research.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:  
\begin{tabular}{l l} ASE & Amplified Spontaneous Emission \\ BCSVM & Binary Coding Support Vector Machine \\ BER & Bit Error Ratio \\ B2B & Back-to-Back \\ DSP & Digital Signal Processing \\ EDC & Electronic Dispersion Compensation \\ EDFA & Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier \\ HD-FEC & Hard-Decision Forward Error Correction \\ KMA & K-Means Algorithm \\ LD & Linear Detection \\ MMSE & Minimum Mean Square Error \\ NF & Noise Figure \\ NLPN & Nonlinear Phase Noise \\ OVA & One versus All \\ OVO & One versus One \\ OSNR & Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio \\ QAM & Quadrature Amplitude Modulation \\ RBF & Radial Basis Function \\ SSMF & Standard Single Mode Fiber \\ SVM & Support Vector Machine \\ \end{tabular}
## 4 Analytical Implementation of VB-TPHD
### The Implementation of Gaussian Mixture VB-TPHD Filter
#### 4.1.1 Newbirth Driven by Measurements  
Due to the uncertainty of newborn target location, the prior known intensity is usually artificial to avoid taking the whole detection area into the calculation of the target intensity [15; 16] when the TPHD filter initializes the newborn intensity. However, newborn targets may appear in the coverage range of undefined newborn intensity in practical applications, so the filter may ignore such newborn targets and result in missed detection. The measurement values obtained from each scan were adaptively generated to the newborn intensity and the dependence of prior known intensity was removed.  
Based on the measurement set \(Z_{k}=\sum\limits_{j=1}^{J_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}}z_{k}^{j}\) at time \(k\) (the number of measurements \(J_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}\)), the newborn intensity \(D_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}\big{(}\overline{X}\big{)}\) can be modeled as  
\[D_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}\big{(}\overline{X}\big{)}=\sum\limits_{j=1}^{J_{\mathcal{ H}_{k}}}w_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{j}\left(\text{N}\Big{(}X;k,m_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{j},P_{ \mathcal{H}_{k}}^{j}\Big{)}\prod\limits_{l=1}^{d}\text{IG}\Big{(}\big{(} \sigma_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{lj}\big{)}^{2};\alpha_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{lj},\beta_{ \mathcal{H}_{k}}^{lj}\Big{)}\right), \tag{31}\]  
\[w_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{j}=\frac{K}{J_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}}, \tag{32}\]  
\[m_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{j}=H_{k}^{-1}z_{k}^{j}, \tag{33}\]  
\[P_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{j}=H_{k}^{-1}\text{diag}\bigg{(}\Big{(}\sigma_{\mathcal{ H}_{k}}^{1:d}\Big{)}^{2}\big{)}\left(H_{k}^{-1}\right)^{T}, \tag{34}\]  
where the new generated trajectory states comply with the normal distribution of mean \(m_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{j}\) and covariance \(P_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{j}\). Additionally, the corresponding covariance matrices of measurement noise are diagonal matrices. \(\alpha_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{l}\) and \(\beta_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{l}\) are the degrees of freedom and scale parameters of the inverse gamma distribution, respectively. \(H_{k}\) represents the measurement transition function, and \(K\) is the constant. Considering that the measurement set at time \(k\) is composed of the measurement set generated by clutter and targets, the weight of the new component is set as a uniform small value. The setting of small weight can reduce the amount of the TPHD filter calculation and the impact of large clutter on true targets as well as the false alarm rate. In order to highlight the performance of the adaptive noise covariance estimation of VB-TPHD, \(\alpha_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{l}\) and \(\beta_{\mathcal{H}_{k}}^{l}\) are usually fixed and small values, relatively.
# An Efficient and Secure Certificateless Aggregate Signature Scheme for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
## 7 Conclusions  
This paper presented a certifateless aggregate signature (CLAS) scheme based on hyperelliptic curve cryptography (HECC) that guarantees sender and receiver anonymity. Typically, anonymity is ensured by requiring participants to transmit their identities in an encrypted format when requesting a partial private key from the DoT/TA. To address the issue of a secure channel for certifateless cryptography, the DoT/TA can transmit the partial private key to participating users over an unencrypted, open channel. Through the provable security analysis, we demonstrated that our scheme is resistant to Type 1 (\(FGR_{1}\)) and Type 2 (\(FGR_{2}\)) forgery. During the random oracle model (ROM) provable security analysis, the proposed scheme relied on the hyperelliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of computation and communication cost based on a comparison with the existing schemes that was performed to evaluate our scheme's efficiency. In future work, we plan to design a multi-sender and multi-receiver certifateless aggregate signature for VANETs. Further, the new scheme  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Scheme** & **Communication Cost** & **Communication Cost with Bits** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [30] & \(1\,\mathrm{m}\,\mathrm{l}\,+\,5\,\mathrm{l}\,\mathrm{G}\,\mathrm{l}\) & 1000 + 5 \(\times\) 1024 = 6120 \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] & \(1\,\mathrm{m}\,\mathrm{l}\,+\,5\,\mathrm{l}\,\mathrm{q}\,\mathrm{l}\) & 1000 + 5 \(\times\) 160 = 1800 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [29] & \(1\,\mathrm{m}\,\mathrm{l}\,+\,5\,\mathrm{l}\,\mathrm{q}\,\mathrm{l}\) & 1000 + 5 \(\times\) 160 = 1800 \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [19] & \(1\,\mathrm{m}\,\mathrm{l}\,+\,2\,\mathrm{l}\,\mathrm{G}\,\mathrm{l}\) & 1000 + 2 \(\times\) 1024 = 3048 \\ \hline Proposed & \(1\,\mathrm{m}\,\mathrm{l}\,+\,2\,\mathrm{m}\,\mathrm{l}\,\mathrm{l}\) & 1000 + 2 \(\times\) 80 = 1160 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Communication cost of different CLAS schemes.  
Figure 5: Communication cost (in bits) [19; 28; 29; 30].  
will be based on the genus 3 hyperelliptic curve, which can be more efficient in terms of communication and computational costs.  
Conceptualization, A.I., M.A.K., A.V.S., I.U. and G.U.-R.; Methodology, M.A.K., A.I. and A.V.S.; Software, I.U., M.A.K. and M.Z.; Validation, M.A.K., M.Z. and I.U.; Formal analysis, I.U., F.N. and M.A.K.; Investigation, A.I., A.V.S., I.U. and G.U.-R.; Resources, M.A.K., M.Z. and A.V.S.; Data curation, M.Z., A.V.S., F.N., G.U.-R. and A.I; Writing--original draft preparation, M.A.K., I.U., A.I., F.N., A.V.S. and M.Z.; Writing--review and editing, M.A.K., A.I., M.Z., F.N. and A.V.S.; Visualization, M.A.K., M.Z., G.U.-R., F.N. and I.U.; Supervision, M.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 1 Introduction
To deal with the swath gap issue, studies often make assumptions that fire activity within the swath gaps is consistent during a day or two days [24; 35]. The imagery bands (I-band) of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite for the first time provides daily global fire observations at a resolution of 375 m without any gaps [41]. As a complement of the VIIRS 750 m active fire product [42], the VIIRS I-band 375 m active fire data theoretically detect many more small and cool fires than the 1 km MODIS active fire data, which have been demonstrated in agriculture burnings in China [43] and India [44]. Therefore, the VIIRS I-band 375 m active fire data has a large potential to improve biomass-burning emissions estimation. Both the S-NPP VIIRS and Aqua MODIS cross the equator approximately at 01:30 and 13:30 local time and observe the same area with an overpassing time difference of fewer than 50 min [37; 45]. In this study, we use the 375 m VIIRS fire data as a reference to investigate the missing MODIS fire observations due to the sampling limitations and the equatorial swath gaps. This study is conducted in the following steps. First, we introduce the sensing geometry of MODIS and VIIRS I-band and compare their fire detection capability across swath. Second, MODIS and VIIRS active fire detections are preprocessed to correct inter-scanline repeat fire detections and extract fire detections sensed contemporaneously by the two sensors. Third, we quantify VIIRS fire observations missed by MODIS and compare contemporaneous FRP estimates from the two sensors at a continental scale and in grids of seven different resolutions to establish empirical MODIS FRP adjustment models. Finally, we investigate the swath-gap-caused missing MODIS FRP observations.
## Results
### Analysis of VOC
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Volatile Organic Compounds (TIC% Area)**} & **B1** & **B2** & **B3** & **B4** & **B5** & **B6** & **B7** & **B8** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Alcohols} & isoamyl alcohol  & 5.20 & 4.64 & 4.07 & 3.22 & 10.6 & 4.34 & 2.86 & 4.56 \\  & 2,7-dimethyl-4,5-octandi  & 1.19 & 1.39 & 1.01 & 1.06 & ND  & 0.93 & 0.72 & 0.94 \\  & 2,3-butanediol & 1.19 & 1.60 & 3.30 & 3.94 & 2.55 & 2.03 & 1.40 & 2.56 \\  & \(\beta\)-phenyl ethanol  & 0.72 & 0.75 & 6.73 & 0.97 & 2.40 & 1.52 & 1.07 & 6.82 \\  & dl-erythro-1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol  & 1.78 & 0.64 & 0.71 & 0.60 & ND & ND & ND & ND \\  & 1-methoxy 2-propanol & ND & ND & ND & 1.59 & ND & ND & ND & ND \\  & 2-butanol & ND & ND & ND & 12.36 & ND & ND & ND & ND \\ \hline Aldehyde & Benzaldehyde  & 2.04 & 0.79 & 0.55 & 0.48 & ND & ND & 0.62 & ND \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ketones} & acetoin & 6.16 & 11.3 & 11.8 & 15.2 & 18.5 & 20.7 & 18.9 & 10.6 \\  & 2,3-butananed  & ND & 2.55 & 3.55 & 1.95 & 2.39 & 1.31 & 3.15 & 3.24 \\  & 2-butananone & ND & ND & ND & 16.47 & ND & ND & ND & 2.77 & ND \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Free fatty acids} & acetic acid & 7.42 & 10.4 & 9.87 & 11.3 & 9.42 & 7.97 & 8.95 & 8.74 \\  & butanoic acid  & 4.33 & 4.02 & 2.00 & 1.80 & 2.45 & 3.01 & 5.88 & ND \\ \cline{1-1}  & pentanoic acid  & 1.15 & 1.50 & 1.00 & ND & 0.74 & 0.74 & 1.37 & 2.69 \\ \cline{1-1}  & hexanoic acid  & 3.71 & 4.04 & 3.74 & 2.85 & 3.96 & 3.94 & 6.98 & 3.66 \\ \cline{1-1}  & octanoic acid & ND & 1.76 & 1.97 & 1.37 & 4.18 & 3.55 & 4.23 & 1.52 \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(n\)-decanoic acid & ND & ND & ND & 2.51 & ND & 2.37 & ND \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Average chemical composition (TIC% Area) [ENDFOOTNOTE] 1 of the brynydza cheese from producers B1–8 produced from May to September 2019 obtained by gas chromatography (GC–MS) analysis. Figure 1: Projection of “brynydza” cheese from 8 producers (B1–8) onto the space defined by the first two principal components (PC1/PC2) based on the e-nose results. Sample groups according to the month: —May, \(\bullet\)—June, \(\blacktriangle\)—July, \(\blacksquare\)—August, \(\Delta\)—September. The six compounds identified by e-nose with a D \(>\) 0.900 with ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 2-butanone, hexanoic acid, D-limonene, and 2,3-butanedione were confirmed by GC-MS in this study. Statistical analysis of variance was used to differentiate cheese by evaluation scores such as type of milk, and dairies (farm or industrial) (Table 5). Particularly type of milk had a significant influence on the amounts of identified VOC. The relative chemical composition (TIC% Area) of 2,3-butanediol, 1-methoxy 2-propanol, 2-butanol, acetoin, 2-butanone, acetic acid, octanoic acid, \(n\)-decanoic acid, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and phenyl-methoxy-oxime were not significantly influenced by type of milk or dairies. Statistical analysis by the Test of Tukey's confirmed that TIC% Area of ten compounds was influenced by type of milk. The TIC% Area of \(\beta\)-phenyl ethanol, 2,3-butanedione, 2-phenetyl acetate, and D-limonene was significantly influenced by dairies (\(p<0.05\)).
# The Biocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Laccase Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Immobilization of Lacase on Synthesized Nanoparticles  
For the immobilization of lacase enzyme on the surface of synthesized Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) and CuFe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) nanoparticles, their surfaces were firstly amino-functionalized. This can be reached using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as a modifying agent. Then, 200.0 mL of 1:1 mixed solvent (ethanol/H\({}_{2}\)O) was used to disperse 1.0 g of the nanoparticles under ultra-sonication for 35.0 min. Then, the previously suspended mixtures were stirred vigorously with the gradual addition of 10.0% solution of APTES and the stirring was continued at 70.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C for five hours. The mixed solvent of ethanol/H\({}_{2}\)O was used for washing the amino-functionalized nanoparticles several times to remove any free APTES from their surfaces followed by drying the nanoparticles for 24.0 at room temperature. Then, a solution of sodium citrate buffer (pH = 4.8, 100.0 mM) was used to disperse the functionalized nanoparticles (Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) or CuFe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\)) and lacase enzyme with a nanoparticles:lacase ratio of 1.0:0.5, and 1:7.0 in the case of Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) and CuFe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\), respectively. The enzyme nanoparticles mixtures were incubated at 30.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C and stirred for half an hour at 150.0 rpm. After that, glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker with a concentration of 50 mM was added and incubated for 9 h with stirring at 150.0 rpm. The immobilization conditions included (nanoparticles:enzyme ratio, glutaraldehyde concentration, and cross-linking incubation time) were determined in preliminary studies to determine the optimum conditions for the immobilization. Then, the immobilized Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) and CuFe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) were washed several times with the citrate buffer after being separated with an external magnet. For the storing of the immobilized Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) and CuFe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\), the citrate buffer was used at a temperature of 4.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C.
## 3 Reference Numerical Modelling Approach
### Solving Strategy and Model Assembly  
The numerical simulations are carried out with the ABAQUS/Explicit computer software [18; 19], in the form of displacement-controlled, dynamic analyses with quasi-static deformations. All the FE assemblies are subjected to a linearly increasing vertical displacement, on the top face of the central member. The imposed vertical displacement is set in 20 mm, for all the examined configurations. Force-slip characteristic curves, as well as stress distributions and damage mechanisms in the TTC joint components are then monitored throughout the numerical investigation, a set of fixed FE assumptions is repeated for all the TTC joints under a standard PO setup, with major variations represented by trivial geometrical details.  
The major simplification regards some basic symmetry considerations, thus 1/4 th or 1/2 nd the nominal geometry of each TTC specimen is taken into account. 8-node three-dimensional (3D) solid elements, (C3D8R-type) stress-strain bricks with reduced integration from the ABAQUS library are used for all the joint components. The reference FE model of TTC joint includes also a rigid base support made of steel, to allocate the lateral timber member in a standard PO setup. A swept (advancing font) meshing technique is then used to optimize the computational cost of simulations. The average edge size is minimized in the region of the STSs (0.3 mm-to-0.5 mm), and then maximized for the steel rigid base and the lateral portions of timber elements (5 mm-to-8 mm). Figure 4 shows an example of S#1 joint (\(\alpha=-15^{\circ}\)). Based on [20; 21], major efforts are then spent for the description of STSs and their mechanical interaction with the surrounding timber elements (Figure 5).  
To this aim, each screw consists of an equivalent, circular cross-section with uniform diameter (D\({}_{2}\) = 6.3 mm from Figure 3d) and total length L.  
A \"soft layer\" representative of STSs threads and timber fibers is then interposed between each screw and the surrounding timber (D\({}_{1}\) = 8.1 mm from Figure 3d).  
Figure 4: Reference FE numerical model for TTC joints with inclined STSs under a standard PO setup (S#1, \(\alpha=-15^{\circ}\)).
## 5 Discussion
### Comparison with Previous Studies and Novelty of This Study  
Prior research on the Wushi Sag has yielded several key findings: [PERSON] et al. confirmed through carbon isotopic geochemical analysis that hydrocarbon progenitors of Cretaceous oil reservoirs originated from Triassic Huangshanjie Formation source rocks along the sag's northern margin, identifying two distinct hydrocarbon generation episodes during the Cretaceous and Early Neogene. A consensus exists regarding favorable geological conditions for stratigraphic trap formation within the sag [77]. Concerning Triassic depositional facies distribution, [PERSON] proposed a dual-provenance model (braided-river-delta in the north, fan delta in the south) [35], while [PERSON] et al. documented a southeastern fan-delta provenance system for the Ehuobulake Formation in the eastern Yakela Fault Uplift [78]. However, constrained by limited outcrop data from the northern Kuqa Depression and sparse drilling in its central sector, most studies advocate single northern provenance dominance [36; 37; 79]. Additionally, previous work established that internal fault systems serve as critical migration pathways for Cretaceous hydrocarbon accumulations [77].  
This study achieves significant advances through an integrated analysis of northern outcrops, newly acquired drilling and logging data from Well ST1, and high-resolution 2D seismic profiles: (1) We systematically delineate the spatial distribution of the Triassic Kelamayi and Huangshanjie formations, revealing a lateral facies transition from fan-delta facies at the northern ATYNK section to lacustrine facies at the eastern Talak section, evolving into braided-river-delta facies north of Well ST1. Balanced cross-section reconstruction based on seismic data elucidates pre-Triassic paleotopography, providing critical constraints for foreland basin evolution. (2) We identify two reservoir assemblage models (stratigraphic and structural-stratigraphic composite traps) within the Triassic succession. Epoxy-impregnated thin-section analyses confirm a triple-pore system comprising primary pores, dissolution pores, and tectonic fractures. Integrating source rock and seal studies, we demonstrate favorable reservoir conditions and effective hydrocarbon play element matching for substantial accumulation potential. (3) Our study reveals a dual-control mechanism of tectonic activity on depositional evolution: pre-Triassic basement paleotopography governs N-S depositional facies differentiation, while syndepositional foreland tectonism--driven by North Tianshan provenance retreat and southern uplift--triggered lacustrine basin expansion, southward progradation of braided-river-delta systems, and concomitant retreat of northern fan deltas. These findings provide geological foundations for Triassic hydrocarbon exploration and elucidate spatiotemporal controls of tectonic-sedimentary coupling on reservoir development in foreland basins.