## 4 Result  
### Concentration and Colocation Patterns of the 35 Fields  
1.1 Technologies Are Spatially Concentrated in Few Innovative Giants but Concentration Degree Varied among Different Fields  
The calculation of Gini coefficients unveils the degree of spatial concentration of innovative outputs (Table 2). The range of the Gini fell between 0.44 and 0.87, indicating that the concentration of different technologies greatly varies. Pearson's correlation of Gini coefficients and the number of valid inventions is \(-0.529\), indicating a negative, moderate relation between the degree of inventions spatial concentration and the number of inventions (Figure 5). That is, the more inventions made in particular field, the less concentration it might have, and some very intensive high technology such as micro-structure and nano-technology are still quite immature. Thus, they only have a very small quantity. Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Wuxi are innovative giants, accommodating a large share of valid invention patents and all are significant players in measurements and electrical machinery. Shanghai and Suzhou are the most productive inventive cities but remain different in some divisions of innovation. For instance, Shanghai leads in technological innovation in the field of computer technology, semiconductors, and civil engineering, while Suzhou pioneers in machine tools, handling, other special machines, textile, and paper machines. Nanjing has strength in the invention of pharmaceuticals and organic fine chemistry, Hangzhou is more specialized in control, while Wuxi is strong in customer goods invention. It is noteworthy that only two fields have Gini coefficients lower than 0.5, foods chemistry and other special machines, indicating a relatively dispersed spatial pattern. Cities from Anhui province perform relatively weakly but its two major cities, Hefei and Wuhu, dominated technological innovation in food chemistry. Hefei owns most valid invention patents in Anhui, but still subordinates to Wuxi. Wuhu subordinates to Hefei, and is the only city (apart from Hefei) in Anhui that is comparable to cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in terms of innovative outputs. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Description** & **Min** & **Max** & **Median** & **Mean** & **SE** \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Dependent variables—four classifications of technologies} \\
**Distinctive technologies** & No. of patents & 1 & 8244 & 219 & 790 & 72.44 \\
**Intensive technologies** & No. of patents & 2 & 24,805 & 302 & 1579 & 189.43 \\
**Extensive technologies** & No. of patents & 15 & 15,897 & 989 & 2211 & 157.60 \\
**Supportive technologies** & No. of patents & 4 & 15,386 & 960 & 1939 & 133.50 \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Independent variables} \\
**Variable 1** & Residential population & 10,000 persons & 72.4 & 2425.68 & 469.07 & 524.50 & 19.62 \\
**Variable 2** & GDP & 100 million Yuan & 300.84 & 32,679.87 & 2300.2 & 3765.51 & 236.60 \\
**Variable 3** & GDP per capita & Yuan/person & 9528 & 174,270 & 58276.3 & 64,077.79 & 1850.51 \\
**Variable 4** & Public expense & 10,000 Yuan & 0.0907 & 8351.54 & 278.71 & 497.49 & 47.06 \\
**Variable 5** & Building construction & 10,000 sq.m & 171.56 & 87,557.21 & 4099.3 & 10,942.58 & 773.97 \\
**Variable 6** & Green area per capita & Sqm & 5.79 & 19.7 & 13.39 & 13.29 & 0.14 \\
**Variable 7** & Road mileage & km & 1555 & 24306 & 10731 & 10950 & 234.77 \\
**Variable 8** & FDI & 100 million USD & 0.3751 & 185.14 & 7.2279 & 15.73 & 1.40 \\
**Variable 9** & University students & 10,000 persons & 0.4994 & 85.6796 & 5.61 & 10.73 & 0.83 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Dependent and independent variables.