## 1 Introduction
Inorganic materials combined with PANI can increase the mechanical and other properties of new composites formed, depending on the additives used [14]. The increasing advancements in microwave communication have generated a significant demand for microwave dielectric materials. ZnNb\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{6}\) ceramics are gaining popularity due to their cost-effectiveness and the ability to sinter them at lower temperatures. The colimbit-structured ZnNb\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{6}\) compound exhibits a dielectric constant of 25, a Qxf (quality factor and resonance frequency) of 83.700 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency of \(-\)56 ppm/\({}^{\circ}\)C. This colimbit structure offers ZnNb\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{6}\) (zinc niobates) as a low-loss dielectric material, boasting exceptional dielectric permeability, a higher quality factor, and a low-temperature resonance frequency coefficient. Furthermore, ZnNb\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{6}\)'s sintering temperature is relatively low, typically around 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This attribute makes them particularly well-suited for use in microwave communication devices as dielectric resonators [15; 16; 17]. Nickel oxide (NiO) stands out as a promising electrochemical material, owing to its environmentally friendly composition, cost-effectiveness, and the wide range of synthesis possibilities it offers. This p-type semiconductor material possesses a substantial band gap, exceeding 3.5 eV. Its intriguing electrical transport characteristics, chemical resilience, and redox photoactivity render nickel oxide exceptionally well-suited for a diverse array of electrochemical applications, particularly in the realm of energy storage. Thin films of NiO exhibit electroactivity in solid-state environments, effectively serving as charge storage systems. The multifaceted utility of NiO necessitates the adoption of various preparation methods to cater to distinct application requirements. This demand for versatility has led to the availability of nickel oxide in a plethora of forms, morphologies, configurations, and even chemical compositions, enabling its adaptability across a wide spectrum of applications [18; 19; 20; 21]. In prior research investigations, it was observed that 0.25% multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites achieved the highest electromagnetic shielding effect, registering at \(-\)39 dB at a frequency of 1.6 GHz [22]. Conversely, another study reported the lowest shielding efficiency for CuO/PANI/Colemanite composites, which measured at \(-\)50.84 dB when tested at a frequency of 6.66 GHz [3]. In a separate instance, Wollastonite/PANI/Colemanite composites exhibited a shielding effect of \(-\)41.65 at 6.26 GHz, with a thickness of 1.5 mm [8]. Shielding effectiveness quantifies how effectively incoming electromagnetic waves are attenuated. When an electromagnetic wave is reduced by 90%, and only 10% passes through the material, it yields a shielding efficiency value of \(-\)10 dB [23; 24]. The extremely low SE values suggest that incoming electromagnetic waves are either reflected and absorbed, or solely reflected or absorbed within the material, necessitating separate measurements for precise determination. In the current research, a new NiO/PANI/ZnNb\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{6}\) composite was developed by investigating the optimum parameters for the first time, determining the ideal ratio, and carrying out shielding efficiency measurements. The components were carefully mixed with epoxy powder in varying proportions to create these novel composites, and NiO/PANI/ZnNb\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{6}\) composites, each 1.4 mm thick, were produced for SE measurements at various ratios using the hot-pressing method. The phase identification within the composites was carried out using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument Bruker D2 Phaser (Karlsruhe, Germany) with CuK\(\alpha\) radiation (\(\lambda\) = 1.5406 A) and a monochromator to determine the phase composition of raw and sintered samples. The scan rate was 1\({}^{\circ}\)/min, and phase identification was performed using the ICDD database.