# Longitudinal Study on Construction Organization's BIM Acceptance
## 5 Comparisons of BIM Acceptance between 2012 and 2019
On the other hand, in the 2019 model, PEU had a direct effect on both OIA, and as it did in the 2012 model, PU had an indirect effect on OIA through IIA but not on COA. Also, neither IIA nor OIA was affected by COA. In other words, COA no longer had a significant influence on the intent to accept BIM. This may be a result of a consensus having been reached by construction companies regarding the application of BIM and the tasks for application since 2012. As the number of BIM application cases in business increased over time, so did the awareness of managers in construction organizations and the construction industry regarding BIM-applicable tasks and application methods. Furthermore, as positive awareness increased, the consensus on BIM utilization methods in construction organizations has become insignificant in decision making. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29] can also confirm this finding from the result that the COA had no effect on BIM \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Hypotheses**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2012**[29]} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2019**} \\ \hline
**Independent Variable** & **Dependent Variable** & **Path Coefficients** & **R2** & **Path Coefficients** & **R2** \\ \hline OC & & 0.414 \({}^{*}\) & & 0.810 *** & \\ TQ & PEU & 0.145 & & 0.109 & \\ PC & 0.096 & & \(-\)0.110 & & 79.2\% \\ BC & & 0.115 & & 0.160 \({}^{*}\) & \\ \hline OC & PU & 0.095 & 59.4\% & 0.059 & 68.2\% \\ TQ & & 0.294 \({}^{**}\) & & 0.300 ** & \\ PC & & 0.324 \({}^{**}\) & & 0.294 \({}^{**}\) & \\ BC & & \(-\)0.034 & & 0.111 & \\ PEU & & 0.342 \({}^{*}\) & & 0.378 \({}^{*}\) & \\ \hline PEU & COA & & 0.472 \({}^{***}\) & & 0.816 *** & \\ PU & & 0.396 \({}^{**}\) & & 0.132 & 71.5\% \\ \hline BC & & 0.059 & & 0.117 & \\ PEU & IIA & & 0.112 & 61.6\% & \(-\)0.045 & \\ PU & & 0.793 \({}^{***}\) & & 0.697 *** & 48.8\% \\ COA & & & \(-\)0.152 & & \(-\)0.071 & \\ \hline BC & & 0.325 \({}^{***}\) & & \(-\)0.006 & \\ PEU & & \(-\)0.050 & & 0.641 \({}^{**}\) & \\ PU & OIA & & \(-\)0.213 & 68.6\% & 0.083 & 69.6\% \\ COA & & & 0.480 *** & & 0.095 & \\ IIA & & & 0.518 \({}^{***}\) & & 0.520 *** & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\) \(<\) 0.05, \({}^{**}\) \(<\) 0.01, \({}^{***}\) \(<\) 0.001.  
\end{table} 
Table 8: Comparison between BIM acceptance Model (2012) and BIM acceptance Model (2019). acceptance based on the verification of the BIM acceptance model in the U.S. where the BIM was introduced earlier than South Korea, and actively utilized. According to the technology acceptance cycle model (Innovator-Early Adaptor- Early Majority-Late Majority-Laggards) [42], classifies technology acceptance stage and defines each characteristic of stage, despite the dependency on the size of the construction organization, South Korean construction organizations are considered to exhibit the characteristics of Late Majority or Early Majority, and the proportion of Early Majority rather than Late Majority seems increasing in the construction organizations compared to 2012. The characteristics of BIM consumption types defined by the acceptance stages of new technologies and BIM vitalization strategies based on analysis of this research are summarized as follows. \"Early Majority\" is characterized by emphasizing economic aspects when introducing technology. Therefore, in order to increase the willingness to introduce technology, it is necessary to continuously recognize that the value obtained through the use of BIM is higher than the cost of introducing BIM through verification of technology. In addition, it is necessary to create an environment that can minimize the cost risks of companies through technology verification through pilot projects, support of specialty supply, and improvement of various laws and institution that act as regulations. \"Late Majority\" has the characteristic of accepting a new technology only when the new technology becomes popular and the use of the existing technology is no longer difficult to be replaced with a new technology.