## 1 Introduction
[21] developed a method to predict formability by combining bending test data with Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation results. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] investigated methods to reduce spring-back in U-bending processes using FEM analysis. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] proposed a technique to compensate for spring-back in sheet metal forming by adjusting the shape of the tool using FEM. [PERSON] and [PERSON] et al. [24] conducted numerical and experimental studies comparing conventional bending methods with rubber-pad cushion bending for AA1050-H14 aluminum thin sheets, using finite-element simulations with specific material models and hardness variations. Then, a comprehensive study involving numerical and experimental investigations assessed the use of an NC lathe machine in the SPIF process for producing dome parts from AA1060-H14 aluminum alloy sheets. The study revealed that the NC turning machine could efficiently manufacture axisymmetric components with improved accuracy compared with a traditional three-axis NC milling machines [25]. [PERSON] et al. [26] discovered that repetitive displacement cycles led to a stable bending process and verified the FEM simulation using various hardening laws, such as isotropic, kinematic, and combined hardening models. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [27] evaluated numerical integration errors and the impact of parameters such as the compressive stage, number of repeat tension/compression cycles, radius ratio, thickness, and material properties on spring-back prediction. [PERSON] et al. [28] studied the simulation and prediction of spring-back after roll-bending a PCM sheet with various angular radii using a combined hardening law with a newly proposed method. Accurate numerical solutions require the use of reliable descriptions of materials, elastic behavior, and hardening models in mechanical models implemented in simulation algorithms [29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36]. The preceding discussion has critically examined recent domestic and international studies concerning the impact of thermal effects on workpieces in machining operations. These investigations have collectively underscored that within the realm of bending ma chining, the intricate phenomena of elastic recovery post-forming and forming forces are significantly influenced by temperature variations. This underscores their fundamental importance in the precise fabrication of intricate details from sheet metal materials. The application of machining in heated environments has garnered substantial attention from scholars across pressure processing and metal cutting domains. Notably, the concept of a heated workpiece has been explored through diverse thermal sources including electrical energy, laser beams, magnetic induction, furnaces, and even oxygen gas. In the pursuit of comprehensively exploring the ramifications of thermal-assisted bending in the manufacturing of mechanical components, emerging research directions gain prominence. These forthcoming inquiries necessitate a meticulous focus on specific aspects: a systematic analysis and optimal selection of an electromagnetic induction heating method that aligns with the experimental objectives of this research; a discerning evaluation and choice of material models to serve as the basis for deriving model parameters, crucial inputs for finite element analysis encompassing both tensile/compression and bending processes of SS400 steel plates, with consideration for variations in temperature; and the subsequent validation of these analyses through a combination of simulations and empirical testing of V-shaped components derived from SS400 steel plates, executed under varying temperature conditions.