# The Status of Space Weather Infrastructure and Research in Africa
## 2 Distribution of Space Weather Infrastructure in Africa
### Space Weather Monitoring
#### 2.1.2 Magnetometers in Africa  
Magnetometers are ground-based infrastructure used in space weather monitoring for monitoring the impact of geomagnetic storms. Figure 4 and Tables 4-7 provide the locations and other details of the magnetometers in Africa. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Abbrev.** & **Station Name** & **Nation** & **GG** & **GG** & **GM** & **GM** & **LM** & **L-Shell** & **Dip Lat** & **Installed** & **Type** \\ \hline FYM & Fayum & Egypt & 29.30 & 30.88 & 26.76 & 103.64 & 1.15 & 43.68 & 08/01/14 & MAGDAS-II \\ \hline ASW & Aswan & Egypt & 23.59 & 32.51 & 20.88 & 108.75 & 1.07 & 33.98 & 08/12/23 & MAGDAS-II \\ \hline KRT & Khartoum & Sudan & 15.33 & 32.32 & 12.76 & 107.18 & 1.01 & 16.30 & 08/09/23 & MAGDAS-II \\ \hline AAB & Addis Ababa & Ethiopia & 9.04 & 38.77 & 5.56 & 112.51 & 1.00 & 3.39 & 06/08/19 & MAGDAS-9 \\ \hline ILR & Ilorin & Nigeria & 8.50 & 4.68 & 10.42 & 78.83 & 1.00 & \(-\)8.44 & 06/08/24 & MAGDAS-9 \\ \hline ABU & Abuja & Nigeria & 8.99 & 7.39 & 10.48 & 81.60 & 1.00 & \(-\)6.75 & 10/08/15 & MAGDAS-9 \\ \hline LAG & Lagos & Nigeria & 6.48 & 3.27 & 8.65 & 77.11 & 1.00 & \(-\)13.91 & 08/09/04 & MAGDAS-9 \\ \hline ABJ & Abidjan & Ivory Coast & 5.35 & \(-\)3.08 & 8.52 & 70.62 & 1.00 & \(-\)17.41 & 06/09/01 & MAGDAS–9 \\ \hline NAB & Nairobi & Kenya & \(-\)1.16 & 36.48 & \(-\)4.18 & 108.73 & 1.09 & \(-\)22.36 & 08/09/16 & MAGDAS-II \\ \hline DES & Dar Es Salaam & Tanzania & \(-\)6.47 & 39.12 & \(-\)9.83 & 110.54 & 1.09 & \(-\)33.10 & 08/09/10 & MAGDAS-II \\ \hline LSK & Lusaka & Zambia & \(-\)15.23 & 28.20 & \(-\)16.78 & 98.25 & 1.24 & \(-\)52.48 & 08/09/25 & MAGDAS-9 \\ \hline MPT & Maputo & Mozambique & \(-\)25.57 & 32.36 & \(-\)27.63 & 100.52 & 1.53 & \(-\)60.40 & 08/09/15 & MAGDAS-II \\ \hline DRB & Durban & South Africa & \(-\)29.49 & 30.56 & \(-\)31.20 & 97.92 & 1.67 & \(-\)62.05 & 08/09/08 & MAGDAS-9 \\ \hline HER & Hermanus & South Africa & \(-\)34.34 & 19.24 & \(-\)34.14 & 85.64 & 1.83 & \(-\)64.74 & 07/09/14 & MAGDAS-9 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Magnetometers installed in Africa by Kyushu University, Japan. The geomagnetic dipole coordinates are determined using model calculations provided by the British Geological Survey—Geomagnetism ([[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/?s=coordinate+calculator](https://www.bgs.ac.uk/?s=coordinate+calculator)]([https://www.bgs.ac.uk/?s=coordinate+calculator](https://www.bgs.ac.uk/?s=coordinate+calculator)), accessed on 26 November 2023) The geomagnetic coordinates and the dip latitude were calculated using the BGS online IGRF model ([[https://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/models_compass/igrf_calc.html](https://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/models_compass/igrf_calc.html)]([https://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/models_compass/igrf_calc.html](https://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/models_compass/igrf_calc.html)), accessed on 26 November 2023). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Station Code** & **Station Name** & **Country** & **Institution** \\ \hline ABJ & Abidjan & Ivory Coast & University of Cocody \\ \hline LAG & Lagos & Nigeria & Redeemer’s University \\ \hline ILR & Ilorin & Nigeria & University of Ilorin \\ \hline ABU & Abuja & Nigeria & National Space Research and Development Agency \\ \hline AAB & Addis Ababa & Ethiopia & Addis Ababa University \\ \hline HER & Hermanus & South Africa & SANSA Space Science \\ \hline DRB & Durban & South Africa & University of KwaZulu Natal \\ \hline MTP & Maputo & Mozambique & Eduardo Mondlane University \\ \hline LSK & Lusaka & Zambia & University of Zambia \\ \hline DES & Dar es Salaam & Tanzania & University of Dar es Salaam \\ \hline NAB & Nairobi & Kenya & University of Nairobi \\ \hline KRT & Khartoum & Sudan & University of Khartoum \\ \hline ASW & Aswan & Egypt & Helwan University \\ \hline FYM & Fayum & Egypt & Helwan University \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: MAGDAS magnetometer station host countries and their universities.