## 5 Performance Evaluation and Results Analysis
To simulate an environment where the IN could, periodically, lose its Internet connection, these nodes had a random Internet connection time of between 60 and 90 s. After this time, the connection remained lost for a random time of between 0 and 60 s. In sequence, the connections were once again reestablished with a new random time of between 60 and 90 s. The most critical parameters of the simulation are presented in Table 5.  
The parameters of the nodes used in the simulation environment are presented in Table 6. Notice that INs simulate an additional communication interface for the Internet connection. In the mobility scenario, the mobile nodes, which are the INs, move according to the random waypoint mobility model [28]. The BonnMotion 3.0.1 [29] tool was used to generate the movement of the mobile nodes. Table 7 presents the parameters of mobility used in this study. All studied approaches were based on LOADng and used the same settings presented in Table 8. However, the proposed approach (LOADng-IoT) used two more parameters, presented in Table 9.  
The following subsections show the obtained results for the metrics of the packet delivery ratio (PDR), the energy spent per delivered data bit (AES), the control message overhead per delivered data message (CMO), and the percentage of packets with low latency (PLL). For all studied metrics, the simulations were executed 30 times, and the results presented a confidence interval of 95%. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline \hline \
\begin{tabular}{c} Note Type \\ Radio \\ Max. Transmission Power \\ Supply Voltage \\ TX Current Consumption \\ RX Current Consumption \\ Low Power Mode (LPM) Current Consumption \\ CPU Current Consumption \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Tmote Sky \\ CC2420 \\ 31 dBm \\ 3.6 v \\ 21.0 mW \\ 23.0 mW \\ 1.2 mW \\ 2.4 mW \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Nodes Parameters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Network Area \\ Number of Nodes \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 150\(\sim\)280 m\({}^{2}\) \\ 16\(\sim\)64 \\ 2\(\sim\)6 \\ 2\(\sim\)6 \\ 260 s \\ \end{tabular} \\ \begin{tabular}{c} Num. of Internet-connected Nodes \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 2\(\sim\)6 \\ 600 s \\ \end{tabular} \\ \
\begin{tabular}{c} Simulation Time \\ Radio Environment \\ Transmission Range \\ Interference Range \\ TX and RX Chance \\ Data Message Frequency \\ Data Message Length \\ Traffic Pattern \\ Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol \\ Radio Duty Cycle (RDC) Protocol \\ Check Channel Rate (CCR) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Unit Disk Graph Model (UDGM)-Distance Loss \\ 50 m \\ 50 m \\ 50 m \\ 100 s \\ 100 s \\ 100 s \\ 100 s \\ 152 bits \\ P2P and MP2P \\ Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) \\ ContikiMAC \\ ContikiMAC \\ 16 Hz \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Parameters of Simulation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline \hline \
\begin{tabular}{c} Note Type \\ Radio \\ Max. Transmission Power \\ Supply Voltage \\ TX Current Consumption \\ RX Current Consumption \\ Low Power Mode (LPM) Current Consumption \\ CPU Current Consumption \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Tmote Sky \\ CC2420 \\ 31 dBm \\ 3.6 v \\ 21.0 mW \\ 23.0 mW \\ 1.2 mW \\ 2.4 mW \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Mobility Parameters.