# Management Platforms and Protocols for Internet of Things: A Survey
## 2 Background  
Computer networks are composed by heterogeneous communication devices and sharing resources [15]. Computer networks management emerged after a rapid evolution of network technologies, in addition to a major effort to reduce the costs of computing resources [16]. The offered services range from simple resources sharing to current technology and assume that every object can be connected to the Internet. This is known to as the IoT. Network management goals controlling and monitoring network elements, physical or logical, ensuring a certain quality of service (QoS) level. To accomplish this task, define network management as a collection of tools for monitoring or managing devices [17]. The traditional network management model can be summarized as follows: (i) data collection from monitoring managed resources automatically, (ii) diagnosis to analyze and solve identified problems throughout the monitored data, and (iii) action or control to solve a problem or modify the state of a device [18]. For [PERSON] et al. [18], a network without management mechanisms can present problems such as interference in data traffic, lack of data integrity, high congestion rates, resources that can be misused or overloaded, as well as security problems. According to [PERSON] [19], network management can be difficult for three reasons: (i) the managed network is heterogeneous because it contains hardware and software components manufactured by various companies; (ii) technology can change continuously with new services available; and (iii) the managed networks are large and the network nodes may be distant from other nodes. [PERSON] et al. [18] states that ISO has created an IoT reference architecture (RA) in which network management includes five functional areas, as follows: performance management, failure, configuration, accounting, and security (as shown in Figure 2). Performance management intends to analyze, measure, inform, and control the performance of different network components, i.e., routersand hosts. In failure, the purpose is to log, detect, and react to network failure conditions. The division between fault management and performance management is undefined [20]. Failure management can occur through transient network failures, such as the interruption of service on a link or routing software. Performance management, however, takes a long-term approach. The administrator can know the managed network devices and their hardware configurations through management actions [21]. Accounting is intended to allow the network administrator to specify, register, and control access to users and devices of the network. Quotas and usage charges for privileged access to the network resources make up the accounting management. According to organization policies defined, the network resources access is performed with security management. In Figure 3, the general architecture of network management systems presents the following four basic components: elements, stations, protocols, and information on network management [18]. They are briefly described below. **Agent:** The managed elements have a software that allows monitoring and controlling the equipment through one or more management stations;  
**Manager:** Management station communicates with the agents, either for monitoring or controlling them. Usually, the management station offers an interface through which authorized users can manage the network;  
**Protocol:** The standard protocol, used for operations of monitoring (reading) and control (writing); it is necessary for information exchange between manager and agent devices;  
**Management information:** The management information has the data that can be referenced for operations by the management protocol, i.e., the managers and agents can exchange data to obtain information such as the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) protocol [22].