# Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Selected Plant Material
## 4 Conclusions  
The extracts obtained using 70% ethanol commercially available natural medicine-used plant material from _C. incanus_, _G. urbanum_, _M. officinalis_ and _R. ideas_ had the highest total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Among these extracts, extracts from _C. incanus_ and _G. urbanum_ also showed a pronounced ability to scavenge ABTS cation radicals and antioxidant activity, as measured by the FRAP method. Antioxidant activity correlated with the content of total polyphenols in the tested extracts. The extracts from _C. incanus_, _M. alba_, _R. ideas_ and _B. pendula_ demonstrated a higher content of flavonoids than phenolic acids compared to other tested extracts. Rosmarinic acid could affect the antioxidant activity of the lemon balm extract, whereas ellagic acid probably influenced the antioxidant activity of the _G. urbanum_ extract. On the other hand, the identified flavonoids belonging to quercetin derivatives could be responsible for the antioxidant activity of _C. incanus_ and red raspberry. The aqueous ethanolic extracts from _A. europneum_ herb displayed pronounced antibacterial activity against the tested Gram-positive bacteria when the diameter of the inhibition zones of the tested strain was determined, while the lowest MIC values were obtained for the extracts from _C. incanus_, _G. urbanum_ and _R. ideas_. These data provide the basis for further studies. The chemical composition of the extracts should be carefully analyzed, among other things, in terms of the contribution of individual polyphenols to the biological activity to be assessed. This will enable the application of some extracts, especially _C. incanus_ herb and _G. urbanum_ rhizome extracts, as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in food and cosmetic products.  
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12199871/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12199871/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12199871/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12199871/s1)), Figure S1. HPLC-DAD chromatograms of the studied plant extracts: (a) _Cistus incanus_ L. herb; (b) _Morus alba_ L. leaves; (c) _Geum urbanum_ L. rhizome; (d) _Asarum europaeum_ L. herb; (e) _Rubus ideas_ L. leaves; (f) _Angelica archangelica_ L root; (g) _Betula pendula_ Roth. leaves; (h) _Melissa officinalis_ L. leaves. Table S1. Characteristic parameters of the HPLC analysis.  
Conceptualization, M.K.; methodology, M.K., I.S., A.E.L., K.T. and J.L.P.; investigation, M.K., I.S., A.E.L. and J.L.P.; data curation, M.K. and M.Z.; writing--original draft preparation, M.K.; writing--review and editing, M.K., E.M. and J.M.; project administration, M.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science with funds of the Institute of Food Sciences of Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS) for scientific research.  
Not applicable.  
The corresponding author would like to thank [PERSON] for help with preliminary research.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.