## 3 Results
### Liver-Protection Effectiveness Evaluation Parameter Result
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ALT**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Baseline (Visit 2)**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Visit 4**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Change from Baseline**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Within**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Within**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Between**} \\ \hline
**Group** & **N*** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **Group*** & **Group*** & **Group*** & **Group*** *** \\ \hline CA- & 40 & 54.3 & 9.5 & 50 & \((45,91)\) & 34.4 & 13.2 & 35 & \((12,69)\) & \(-19.9\) & \(9.9\) & \(-21\) & \((-42,1)\) & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 \\ Placebo & 39 & 55.9 & 9.9 & 53 & \((45,85)\) & 54.2 & 14.7 & 55 & \((17,90)\) & \(-18.1\) & \(11.3\) & \(1\) & \((-39,8)\) & 0.3323 & 0.2891 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AST**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Baseline (Visit 2)**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Visit 4**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Change from Baseline**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Within**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Within**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Between**} \\ \hline
**Group** & **N*** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **group*** & **Group*** & **Group*** \\ \hline CA- & 40 & 42.3 & 17.9 & 35 & \((26,91)\) & 30.9 & 13.8 & 27 & \((14,77)\) & \(-11.4\) & 9.8 & \(-11\) & \((-32,9)\) & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 \\ Placebo & 39 & 44.2 & 19.4 & 36 & \((25,99)\) & 44.6 & 18.4 & 39 & \((14,95)\) & 0.5 & \(5.1\) & 0 & \((-17,12)\) & 0.6388 & 0.3940 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**GGT**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Baseline (Visit 2)**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Visit 4**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Change from Baseline**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Within**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Between**} \\ \hline
**Group** & **N*** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Median** & **(Min, Max)** & **group*** & **Group*** \\ \hline CA- & 40 & 36.2 & 14.4 & 34 & \((15,65)\) & 29.4 & 12.3 & 27 & \((14,62)\) & \(-6.8\) & 6.3 & \(-5\) & \((-25,1)\) & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 \\ Placebo & 39 & 38.2 & 17.5 & 33 & \((11,72)\) & 36.7 & 16.3 & 30 & \((14,70)\) & \(-15.5\) & 4.2 & \(-2\) & \((-12,9)\) & 0.0271 & 0.0202 & \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Only subjects with a non-missing value for ALT, AST, and GGT at baseline at visit 4 were considered. \({}^{\dagger}\) Within group comparison was performed using paired \(t\)-test. \({}^{\ddagger}\) Within group comparison was performed using a non-parametric method (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). \({}^{\ddagger}\) Between group comparison was performed using two-sample \(t\)-test that compared IP and placebo. Alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; gamma-glutamyl transferase, GGT.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Summary of change from baseline to determine the liver-protection effectiveness evaluation parameter of liver enzymes.