###### Abstract
These rapid fluctuations, caused by seasonal changes to the air becoming too dry, will induce the risk of delamination and deterioration of materials inside the building and in mural paintings [20]. Additionally, extreme temperatures pose great danger to heritage building structures, potentially leading to the formation of cracks, scaling of surfaces, condensation issues, and eventually, to structural collapse. Such detailed analysis involving CFD and a digital twin platform showed that improving the location of the heater would result in a 62.9% reduction in damage to a heritage building [21]. A case study on intelligent digital twin platforms in China was applied to address disparities among indoor air quality assessment, prediction, and control. The findings indicated that most air quality issues arose during the early morning hours of winter. The system was very effective in the prompt prediction of these issues and in issuing control signals for adjusting occupied spaces that exceeded predetermined healthy thresholds [22]. Studying airflow behavior in building and ventilation systems is becoming increasingly important for scientists because global warming is becoming more and more associated with conservation. A deep understanding of flow structures is vital to forecast the next generation of approaches in preventive conservation. A couple of numerical and experimental studies have investigated natural ventilation in historic residential buildings using CFD, where all the examined scenarios had potential for energy conservation across seasons, particularly in spring, with cross ventilation emerging as the most effective strategy [23]. The current study explored airflow behavior within the ancient ventilation system of the Na Phra Meru Historical Temple (Wat Na Phra Meru) situated near the Ayuthaya Historical Park, Thailand. Previous research did not fully capture the complexity of airflow within this unique architectural structure, leaving gaps in our understanding that are crucial for archaeologists to fill in formulating effective preventive conservation strategies [17; 18; 23]. The current research study aimed to analyze the recirculation zones formed by different wind directions, focusing on their role in moisture accumulation and uniformity. Additionally, this study examined the distribution of air properties to evaluate airflow patterns and their environmental impact within the Temple. CFD simulations were used to achieve this, incorporating local boundary conditions obtained from onsite measurements. The accuracy of the simulations was validated using academic test cases and experimental field data. The findings from this study should enhance scientific understanding of airflow dynamics in historical structures by providing insights that can inform the improvement of ventilation systems within the ordination hall. Furthermore, the results should help to identify potential risks of deterioration within the Temple, supporting the development of more effective conservation measures. The conservation plan workflow is illustrated in Figure 1, highlighting the critical role of CFD in steps 4 and 6, serving as a key tool for developing sustainable conservation strategies. This study focused on numerical analysis of the Na Phra Meru Historical Temple, near a river in central Thailand, as depicted in Figure 2. The Temple is being directly impacted by humidity due to evaporation from the river throughout the year. Sustainable preservation and conservation planning require a good understanding of the air current flow behavior within and around the Temple. From a historical perspective, the Temple was chosen for this study because it is one of the few that has remained intact, having escaped destruction during past conflicts since 1767. Figure 1: Workflow for sustainable conservation and preservation with CFD integration. The details of historic antiques are described in Figure 3.  
Figure 2: Location of Na Phra Meru Historical Temple (Google Map, 14 May 2024). Figure 3: _Cont._