## 4 Conclusions  
It is essential to analyze the behavior of structures under static/dynamic loading and to clarify their response to these forces to ensure their safe operation and use as well as to prevent the occurrence of deformations. Structural analysis is of even higher priority if the region is subject to natural hazards. Istanbul, one of the most crowded metropolises of the world, is located close to an active fault, has experienced two recent devastating earthquakes, and, according to many studies, is anticipating another strong earthquake (\(>\)7 Mw) within 30 years [5, 59]. Aware of the risk to the city, many governmental offices, universities, and civil organizations have dedicated their efforts toward reducing the expected loss from the forthcoming disaster, and the data and suggestions based on accurate _in situ_ experiments provide valuable input for these efforts.  
From this point of view, this study was carried out in Istanbul to monitor and analyze self-movements of a reinforced concrete building and a geodetic pillar established on a building in a post-seismic period, using precise GPS and inclination sensors. We were able to determine the benefits of using inclinometers in structural monitoring itself and of obtaining support from static and continuous mode GPS observations from the geodetic point of view. In addition, we suggested a useable strategy for analyzing the structural behaviors. The results obtained were therefore satisfying.  
In the results, the performance of precise dual-axis inclination sensors is sufficient for continuous monitoring and for determining the dynamic structural movements at a submillimeter level. However, it is not possible to use the sensors to derive static or quasi-static components of the motion. The other limitation in measuring with these instruments is that the displacements in the Z direction (vertical) cannot be examined directly, and therefore, only the displacements along the X and Y directions can be subjected to analysis. On the other hand, precise GPS observations made full-scale investigation of static and quasi-static structural responses possible in three dimensions. Therefore, inclination sensors and the GPS technique are complementary to each other.  
The noise in the content of GPS signals (as seen in LS spectrums in Figure 14) decreases the data quality in the low-frequency range and hence its reliability for detecting the structural displacements. To overcome these disadvantages and obtain reliable results, appropriate strategies must be carefully applied in the form of monitoring and effective mitigation algorithms and procedures in data processing. Even when the proposed precautions are applied, it is also beneficial to double-check through the integration of the inclination and GPS sensors. Since the measurements convert quite well to each other, it is not difficult to directly compare the outputs of the two techniques.  
In addition, due to the ongoing modernization of GPS satellites with additional navigation signals [60,61], along with expected improvements in GNSS from the ability to integrate signals from additional satellite constellations, GNSS shows great promise in terms of accuracy and reliability for future investigations of structural deformations.