## 4 Results and Discussion
From the results, it is shown that the purpose of upgrading \(P_{out}\) of the original generator was fulfilled to support the independence of the electricity in remote areas where the electricity grid is not available. * Efficiency  
When the generator is connected to the load, load current will flow in the circuit. Some losses will be produced by the generator, which stops the efficiency of the generator from reaching 100%. The higher the losses generated by the generator, the lower the efficiency of  
Figure 12.4 Cogging torque of original generator and proposed generator. Figure 12.5 Output power of original generator and proposed generator. the generator, and vice versa. The efficiency can be calculated by comparing the maximum power delivered to the load (output power) to the total watts produced by the generator (input power). For an AFPMG in which the stator core is made of an iron core, some losses will be produced, including the stator winding losses, permanent magnet losses, rotor core losses, stator core losses, and friction and windage losses. In this study, the stator winding losses were calculated manually based on the data obtained from the simulation. Stator losses, rotor losses, and permanent magnet losses are calculated by the help of Ansys Maxwell software to acquire more accurate results. The friction and windage losses are calculated manually based on the equation explained in [10]. Table 7 shows the generated losses for the original generator and the proposed generator. From Table 7, it is clearly seen that when increasing \(P_{out}\), the total losses produced by the generator also increase. The calculated efficiency of the proposed generator is 92.28%, in which there is an increasing magnitude of 0.30% of the original generator. * Rectified voltage  
In this study, it was attempted to connect the original generator and the proposed generator to a rectifier system, as shown in Figure 12.6  
The co-simulation is carried out under a no-load condition to compare the magnitude of the no-load rectified voltage and its ripple resulting from the two systems. The rectified voltage of the original and proposed generators is shown in Figure 12.7 Figure 22a shows the input voltage and rectified voltage of the three-phase full-wave rectifier. The input voltage and rectified voltage of the five-phase uncontrolled rectifier is shown in Figure 22b. To prove the correctness of the co-simulation, the average magnitude of the rectified voltage for the two systems is compared with the theoretical equation. The average rectified voltage of the three-phase system is calculated by 1.65 \(V_{m}\), and for the five-phase system this is calculated by 1.902 \(V_{m}\)[28]. For the three-phase system, the measured magnitude is 50.17 V and the calculated magnitude is 48.09 V, and for the five-phase system, the measured magnitude is 72.88 V and the calculated magnitude is 75.45 V. The results show a slight deviation between the measured and calculated magnitudes for the two systems, which indicates that the co-simulation carried out for the two systems is correct. From Figure 22, it is shown that the rectified voltage of the five-phase system is smoother than the three-phase system. The calculated ripple of the three-phase rectifier is 32.34% and this is 3.63% for the five-phase rectifier. It shows that an improvement of 88.78% in the ripple of the rectified voltage is achieved by using the five-phase system, which reduces the size of the capacitor to smooth the rectified voltage. Figure 12.8 Schematic diagram of the co-simulation; (**a**) original generator, (**b**) proposed generator. Figure 12.9 _Cont._  
From the results and discussion above, there are several advantages of the proposed generator that can be achieved when compared to the original generator. 1. Low total harmonic distortion;
2. Low ripple torque;
3. Low cogging torque;
4. High output power;
5. High efficiency;
6. Low ripple of the rectified voltage.