# Using IoT for Cistern and Water Tank Level Monitoring
## 4 Experimental Results
### Dashboard and Meters/Gauges  
#### 4.2.1 Dashboard Showing Values  
According to the circuit diagrams, the software was installed and tested on the microcontrollers, i.e., everything that was installed, including sensors, microcontrollers, actuators, wires, water pump, etc., was physically connected. We proceeded to open the water faucet to start circulating water through the system. To obtain water quality measurements, we added a little soil to the water to model that it was dirty, which gave us ppm values.  
For the test results, it is time to visualize our system's behavior on the Internet. We programmed in the programming tool Node-RED (Flows and Java Script) and C for the WeMos D1, the NodeMCU v2 ESP8266, and the Raspberry Pi 4.  
As mentioned earlier, to visualize such behavior on the Internet, the monitoring or result can be displayed on a Node-RED output screen; we used a dashboard during the prototype test. This dashboard displays four gauges: the first one shows the water level in the cistern, the second one shows the flow rate or water flow that reaches the water hose, the third one displays the water level in the tank, and finally, the last gauge indicates the water quality.  
Figure 14 shows a dashboard with four gauges when the water pressure is zero L/min, i.e., low pressure or no municipal water supply, when the cistern is at 27.5% capacity, the water tank is 40% full, and the water quality is 327 ppm. This measurement is made with the water flow sensor (YF-S201); this value varies over time as the municipal water flow has high, medium, low, or no pressure. When the user sees that the gauge is zero, they can decide to lower water consumption. Although there may be water in the cistern and the water tank, the user can choose to measure their water use.  
Continuing with the scale model test, we open the water faucet a quarter turn, a half turn, a complete turn, two turns, or closed completely, thus obtaining water flow or pressure values. The following figures show changes that occurred, and we describe them briefly because they are situations that hypothetically happen in reality.  
As shown in Figure 15, a dashboard with four gauges describes when the water flow is at 15.99 L/min, the cistern is at 67.5% capacity, the water tank is 47.5% full, and the water quality is 334 ppm.  
Figure 13: (a) Scale model water tank. (b) Scale model cistern.  
Figure 16 shows the dashboard at another point in the tests; the water flow is at 0 L/min, the cistern is at 50% percent capacity, the water tank is 97.5% full, and the water quality is 324 ppm. In this case, the faucet was closed completely. Therefore, the water flow is at 0 L/min.  
Figure 16 presents the dashboard with four gauges describing a scenario when the water flow is 9.12 L/min, the cistern is at 85% capacity, the water tank is 42.5% full, and the water quality is 318 ppm.  
Figure 14: Dashboard shows when the water pressure is zero L/min.  
Figure 15: System indicating when the water pressure is 15.99 L/min.  
Another dashboard is shown in Figure 18, where the water pressure is zero L/min, the cistern is at 65% capacity, the water tank is 42.5% full, and the water quality is 258 ppm.  
The last dashboard, in Figure 19, depicts a gauge when the water pressure is zero L/min, the cistern is at 62.5% capacity, the water tank is 47.5% full, and the water quality is 334 ppm.  
Figure 19: System indicates when the water quality is 334 ppm.  
Figure 17: System indicates the cistern is 85% full.  
Figure 18: System indicates when the water quality is 258 ppm.