# TACRP: Traffic-Aware Clustering-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
## 2 Related Works
[20] a CNN-based clustered routing protocol, mainly used to reduce delay and communication costs, and to improve network interoperability, was presented. For hybrid communication-based network transmission the concept mainly focused on inter-cluster transmissions. The parameters which produced better performance using this concept were delay, data delivery ratio and traffic. The major drawback was that it failed to reduce the overhead produced during the process of communication that led to more energy consumption. In Ref. [21] the issues created during continuous transmission were addressed. An efficient cluster-based resource management was proposed to improve the performance of VANETs in terms of packet received ratio and throughput. This method achieved high throughput, and packet received ratio, but it also produced high overhead. In Ref. [22] an approach to reduce the broadcast overhead, called a clustering technique for Reduced Broadcast Overhead Scheme for Emergency Message Dissemination, was presented. This method improved the performance of the network in terms of end-to-end delay and message reliability. However, it failed to achieve high throughput. In Ref. [23], the author [PERSON] characterized the connectivity-throughput tradeoff faced by clusters of vehicles and proposed a cluster-based multi-homing model that offered high performance to improve the overall performance of VANETs. However, this system achieved only moderate results. In Ref. [24], a method to improve the packet delivery ratio and to reduce the end-to-end delay, called adaptive jumping multi-objective firefly algorithm and integrated cluster based forwarding mechanism, was introduced. With the help of clustering and multi-objective optimizations this work achieved high overall performance but, on the other hand, it produced high overhead. In Refs. [25; 26], a new MAC/NET with Updated Genetic Algorithm, was introduced. This used a Cross Layer Approach (MNUG-CLA), which was a combination of MAC layer and network layer, designed to improve the efficiency of VANETs. Here a new neighbor discovery protocol, multi-channel MAC model and an updated GA algorithm were used. This model provided better results, in terms of energy efficiency and successive packet transmission, but it failed to achieve high throughput with reduced overhead. Table 1 is a summary of closely related works. The baseline methods which are used in the comparison of the proposed TACRP routing protocol are Novel Routing and Hybrid based Clustering Scheme (NRHCS) [13] and Efficient Cluster Head Selection (ECHS) [14]. In the case of NRHCS, CH selection and effective re-clustering are done at the initial stage of cluster formation. Through this method, the energy consumption of the network is reduced. The algorithm is designed to \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Proposed Method** & **Metrics** & **Demerits** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[12]} & Efficient Clustering V2V & Improved the packet & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} The network failed to \\ achieve high throughput \\ and efficiency. \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & Routing Based on Particle & & \\  & Swarm & & \\  & Optimality (PSO) & & \\  & Novel Routing and Hybrid & & \\
[13] & based Clustering Scheme & & \\  & (NRHCS) & & \\  & & & \\  & Efficient Cluster Head & & \\  & Selection (ECHS) scheme & & \\  & Multi-channel & & \\  & Clustering-based & & \\  & Congestion Control & & \\  & algorithm & & \\  & Traffic Differentiated & & \\
[19] & Clustering Routing (TDCR) & & \\  & mechanism & & \\
[20] & CNN based clustered & & \\  & routing protocol & congestion were low. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Related works. support both highway and urban scenarios. This method produces high throughput, low congestion, and high coverage area, but, due to the dense population, this method generates more control overhead that directly reduces the packet delivery ratio of the network. So, it is essential in the design that both congestion and overhead be concentrated and reduced.