## 4 Risk Assessment and Countermeasures for Mining-Induced Earthquake at the 3308 Working Face
### Key Management Areas for Mining-Induced Earthquake  
Based on the above analysis and the monitoring factors of mine pressure and microseismic activity during the development and extraction of the 3308 working face, key management areas for mining-induced earthquake events have been identified, as shown in Figure 15. In this figure, red indicates high-risk management areas, while blue represents low-risk management areas. Based on the analysis of the primary controlling factors of mining-induced earthquakes described above, the key management areas for mining-induced earthquake events are identified as follows:  
1. High-Risk Management Area: Within 100 m of the initial extraction track roadway, belt roadway, and cutout. This area is delineated due to its proximity to the DF60 fault, a major stress concentration zone in the Yangcheng Coal Mine. Microseismic monitoring data show that both previous high-energy mining-induced earthquake events occurred near this area, indicating a strong energy accumulation trend. Additionally, during initial extraction, mining disturbances can easily activate the fault, triggering high-energy mining-induced earthquake events and elevating the area's risk. Stress monitoring results indicate significant stress concentration in this area, and fault slippage is highly susceptible to influence. For example, [PERSON] [38] analyzed the mechanical mechanisms of fault activation using numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. They studied the interaction between mining stress and fault activation and explored the impact of fault dip angle on fault rupture activation and the evolution of mining stress. Therefore, this area is designated a high-risk management zone for mining-induced earthquake events. 2. High-Risk Management Area within 100-200 m of the Cutout in the Track Roadway: This area, adjacent to the cutout, is influenced by stress conduction from the primary stress transmission, with notable initial extraction stress concentration effects, creating a high mining-induced earthquake risk. The primary stress transmission mechanism keeps the stress level in this area elevated, with microseismic monitoring data indicating frequent high-energy mining-induced earthquake events and a clear energy accumulation trend. According to the stress attenuation formula, although stress gradually decreases with distance from the cutout, it remains highly concentrated within this range. [PERSON] et al. [39] conducted a simulation study on the displacement, stress, and distribution of the plastic zone near the fault in the roadway. Therefore, strong management measures should be implemented here to effectively prevent seismic hazards. Stress attenuation formula [40]: \[\sigma=\sigma_{0}+\alpha\cdot\exp(-\beta\cdot d)\] (10)  
Figure 15: Risk zone delineation for the 3308 working face. In this formula, \(\sigma\) represents the stress at the current location, \(\sigma_{0}\) is the initial stress at the reference location, \(\alpha\) is the stress concentration factor, \(\beta\) is the attenuation coefficient, and \(d\) is the distance from the high-stress area. 3. Low-Risk Management Area within 250-350 Meters of the Cutout in the Track Roadway: Due to the attenuation effect of primary stress transmission, stress levels in this area gradually decrease. According to the stress attenuation formula, stress exhibits an exponential decay with increasing distance from the cutout, resulting in lower stress levels within this region. Additionally, historical microseismic monitoring data indicate significantly lower energy and frequency of microseismic events in this area compared to high-risk zones, suggesting limited energy accumulation and defining it as a secondary risk zone. Being farther from major faults, this area is less affected by structural stress, making it a low-risk zone overall. 4. High-Risk Management Area within 250-350 Meters of the Cutout in the Belt roadway, Coupled with DF56 Fault: This area is designated due to the strong influence of the DF56 fault, which has a high risk of slippage.