# The Application of Satellite Image Analysis in Oil Spill Detection
## 5 Conclusions  
The aim of the study was to analyze the data obtained from the Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Landsat 5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 missions in Norilsk, Ambarnaya River, and Pyasino Lake. A long-term analysis covered the data from 1984 to 2021. Short-term analysis focused on images obtained immediately before, during, and after the leakage on 29 May 2020. This shows the scale of changes. The changing climate, heat waves, human interference with the natural environment, and pollution produced by factories cause changes in the ecosystem. For years, trace amounts of toxins have been released into the reservoir, causing environmental degradation. Snow thawing and the growth of vegetation in May 2020 may be related to the record-high temperatures for Norilsk. The analysis in this manuscript suggests that the failure of the reservoir that caused the oil spill near Norilsk could have been caused by climate change that melted the permafrost. In this manuscript, classification of the studied area, detection of surface water changes, visual data analysis, and long-term analysis from 1984 were processed, and the change of vegetation, snow cover, and water level before, during, and after the oil spill was examined. The analysis confirms the effectiveness of the use of remote sensing methods for mapping leaks, as presented in the introduction. Moreover, a practical interpretation of data usage is presented with the additional advantage of re-running the experiment in line with our assumptions. Oil spill detection studies are performed worldwide. Thanks to our experience, the use of several analysis systems, their joint analysis, and the formulation of appropriate conclusions can be planned. The methodological innovation presented in the paper uses the most modern tools for remote sensing processing, i.e., Snap Desktop, Geomatica Banff, and Google Earth Engine. The leakage of crude oil into the environment is extremely dangerous, especially for the delicate natural areas of Siberia. Accidents happen every day and we cannot predict them, but we are able to reduce the risk by changing the energy sources we use. Climate scientists around the world urge a transition to a new type of economy that would use green technologies to generate energy [56; 57; 58]. The information provided in this paper is alarming and should not be taken lightly. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12084016/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12084016/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12084016/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12084016/s1)). Conceptualization, P.T., T.S. and W.T. ; methodology, P.T., T.S. and W.T. ; software, T.S. and W.T. ; validation, P.T. ; formal analysis, P.T., T.S. and W.T. ; investigation, P.T., T.S. and W.T. ; resources, T.S. and W.T. ; data curation, T.S. and W.T. ; writing--original draft preparation, P.T. ; writing--review and editing, P.T. ; visualization, P.T., T.S. and W.T. ; supervision, P.T. ; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. To improve the readability of the article, we provide Supplementary Materials that provide information about data sets and analytical methods. Support of these studies from Gdansk University of Technology by the DEC-26/2021/IDUB/I.3.3 grant under the Argentum Triggering Research Grants--Excellence Initiative--Research University' program is gratefully acknowledged. The authors declare no conflict of interest. * (23) Sulfur Dioxide from Norilsk, Russia; Earth Observatory NASA. Available online: [[https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/36](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/36)]([https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/36](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/36)) 063/sulfur-dioxide-from-norilsk-russia (accessed on 17 February 2022). * (24) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Experimental study on spectral responses of offshore oil slick. Chin. _Sci.