## 3 Results
### Cyberattacks in Smart Grids: Challenges and Implications of Cybersecurity
#### 3.2.1 Alternatives and Criteria
**\"C2\" Scalability**: the capability of the solution to scale and accommodate the growing complexity and size of the smart-grid systems, including the ability to handle increased data volumes, growing infrastructure requirements, and network traffic. 3. **\"C3\" Integration and Compatibility**: the ease with which the cybersecurity solution can integrate with the existing smart-grid infrastructure, technologies, and tools, ensuring compatibility and minimal disruption to operations. 4. **\"C4\" Performance Impact**: the impact of cybersecurity solutions on the performance and efficiency of smart-grid systems, including factors such as latency, response time, and system availability. 5. **\"C5\" Cost-Effectiveness**: the overall cost-benefit ratio of implementing the cybersecurity solution, considering both upfront costs and ongoing maintenance expenses, and evaluating the value it brings in terms of risk mitigation. 6. **\"C6\" Manageability and Usability**: the ease of managing and administering the cybersecurity solution, including the user interface, configuration options, and the ability to monitor and analyze security events effectively. 7. **\"C7\" Compliance and Regulatory Requirements**: the extent to which the cybersecurity solution aligns with the relevant industry standards, regulations, and compliance requirements specific to smart grids, ensuring adherence to legal and operational obligations. 8. **\"C8\" Resilience and Redundancy**: the ability of the cybersecurity solution to provide resilience and redundancy measures, such as backup systems and failover capabilities, to ensure continuous operations even in the event of a security breach or system failure. 9. **\"C9\" Vendor Support and Collaboration**: the level of support and collaboration provided by the cybersecurity solution vendor, including the availability of updates, patches, and technical assistance, as well as the commitment to the ongoing research and development. 10. **\"C10\" Future Readiness**: the solution's ability to adapt and evolve with emerging technologies, threat landscapes, and evolving cybersecurity best practices, ensuring long-term viability and protection. 11. **\"C11\" Network Segmentation**: the ability to segment the smart-grid network into separate zones or segments to minimize the impact of a security breach and limit the lateral movement of attackers. 12. **\"C12\" Patch Management**: the capability to efficiently manage and apply software patches and updates to address vulnerabilities and ensure the system is up to date with the latest security measures. 13. **\"C13\" Threat Intelligence**: the use of advanced techniques and tools and access to timely and accurate threat intelligence information, including real-time threat detection, analysis, and sharing of indicators of compromise, to enhance the proactive cybersecurity measures. 14. **\"C14\" Vendor and Supply Chain Security**: assessing the security practices and controls of the vendors and suppliers involved in the smart-grid ecosystem to mitigate risks associated with third-party access and potential supply chain vulnerabilities. Considering these criteria will help in making informed decisions when selecting and implementing cybersecurity options in smart grids, ensuring a comprehensive and robust cybersecurity framework, taking into account various aspects such as the effectiveness of the security measures, the ability to scale and adapt to evolving threats, integration with existing systems, performance impact on grid operations, cost-effectiveness, ease of management and usability, compliance with regulations, resilience and redundancy to withstand attacks or failures, vendor support and adherence to regulations, future readiness, network segmentation, patch management, threat intelligence, and vendor and supply chain security.