## 1 Introduction  
The increasing energy costs today have made achieving energy efficiency a necessity. Consequently, the increasing significance of HT in both daily life and industrial practices highlights the need for studies aiming to improve HT mechanisms. Furthermore, with technological advancements, the cooling of microprocessors, electromechanical systems, and circuit components producing high heat flux has become increasingly significant. The elevated junction temperatures of these systems under high heat flux reduce the performance and lifespan of the devices in which they are used. To maintain the temperatures of systems with high heat flux at optimal levels, various cooling methods are employed. These include air impingement jet cooling [1, 2, 3], liquid jet cooling [4], microchannel cooling [5], micropump cooling [6], and spray cooling [7, 8, 9, 10]. In the context of impinging jet applications, studies examining heat transfer characteristics are as important as those examining flow characteristics. In fluid dynamics, research conducted on fluid-structureinteraction systems using various approaches offers unique benefits in determining flow characteristics [11; 12]. Previous studies reported that impinging jets are a fast, economical, and efficient method for mass and HT over target surface areas [13]. Air impingement jet processes represent the upper limit of forced convection achieved through airflow considering the localized HT. Consequently, applications of cooling electronic components with air impingement jets have gained considerable importance. The operating temperatures of electronic systems are critical factors influencing their performance. Thermal stress caused by operating temperatures leads to system malfunctions and significant efficiency losses. Cooling heated components with either a single impingement jet or arrays of impingement jets is a key application for protecting such electronic circuits [14]. The HT and flow characteristics of multi-impingement jets depend on various parameters, such as the velocity profile at the jet outlet, jet geometry, the distance between the jet and the heat sink, the temperature difference between the jet and the heat sink, and the flow characteristics within the jet [15]. The superior HT capability of multi-impingement jets is primarily attributed to the absence of a boundary layer in the stagnation region and the distribution of cooling air across the impinged plate [16]. Many experimental and numerical studies have examined variations in one or more of these parameters in HT with multi-impingement jets. Previous studies analyzed various heat exchanger types (e.g., square, solid/hollow cylindrical, angled cross-sections) and jet outlet geometries and proposed many designs and recommendations. However, applications, analyses, and comparisons of multi-angled impingement jet setups remain relatively scarce. [PERSON] et al. [17] developed a numerical model to analyze perforated finned heat sinks in staggered and inline arrangements, and they reported that staggered fin configurations exhibited more uniform thermal distribution. They also highlighted that the circular perforations on the fins contributed to material savings, increased thermal efficiency, and overall HT effectiveness. [PERSON] et al. [18] experimentally investigated the impact of fin usage and the distance between jet nozzles on HT during the cooling of a heated heat sink with a series of inline jets. Their study, which was carried out at an RE of 15,000, revealed that while fin usage relatively homogenized HT, it did not lead to significant increases in average values. [PERSON] et al. [19] examined the effects of varying immersion heights of jet nozzles arranged in a 16 \(\times\) 5 array within a channel on HT and flow motion for different REs (10,000-30,000) using both experimental and numerical methods. They determined that gradually increasing the nozzle length towards the channel outlet improved and homogenized HT.