## 5 Conclusions and Future Work  
This manuscript proposes a VLC-based medical equipment positioning system that uses existing lighting infrastructure in a hospital setting. The findings demonstrate a better performance of the PSO algorithm compared to other localization methods used in VLC-based positioning systems, as evidenced by its consistently lower average errors. However, it should be noted that the increased accuracy achieved by the PSO algorithm comes at the expense of a higher computational overhead. Therefore, in practical applications, a careful trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency must be considered. Potential areas for future investigation include improving the computational efficiency of the PSO algorithm without compromising its precision for real-time positioning. Furthermore, it is necessary to propose and validate improvements to the PSO algorithm to adapt it to 3D environments. In this forthcoming method, the optimization of the parameters of the PSO algorithm will be studied, such as cognitive factors, inertia, number of particles, and iterations, looking for relationships between the precision of the results and the different configurations. Moreover, it is crucial to assess possibilities for investigating various setups to enhance the distribution and the number of particles used to initialize the algorithm in the examined scenario. Furthermore, future work should encompass a comparison between the advantages of this system, which employs white lights with different wavelengths, and proposals that utilize only a single wavelength. This analysis will include the evaluation of the computational performance, accuracy, computational complexity, costs, and necessary equipment. Finally, future work will include an analysis of the optical filters required for the system, which is a crucial element to carry out adequate experimental validation and analysis of the proposed system. Conceptualization, D.A.C. and P.P.J. ; methodology, D.A.C. ; software, D.A.C. ; validation, P.P.J., C.A.M., I.S. and M.I. ; formal analysis, D.A.C. ; investigation, D.A.C. ; resources, D.A.C. and P.P.J. ; data curation, D.A.C. ; writing--original draft preparation, D.A.C. ; writing--review and editing, P.P.J., C.A.M., I.S. and M.I. ; visualization, D.A.C. ; supervision, P.P.J., C.A.M., I.S. and M.I. ; project administration, P.P.J., C.A.M., I.S. and M.I. ; funding acquisition, P.P.J., C.A.M., I.S. and M.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by ANID FONDECYT Iniciacion 11240799; ANID FONDECYT Regular 1211132; ANID PFCHA/Beca de Doctorado Nacional/2019 (21190489 sus); SENESCYT \"Convocatoria abierta 2014-primera fase, (Acta CIBAE-023-2014)\"; Escuela de Informatica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Diego Portales, Facultad de Ingenieria, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador; and Telecommunications Engineering Degree, FICA, Universidad de Las Americas. * [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] An RFID-based monitoring and localization system for dementia patients. In Proceedings of the 2021 18 th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), Monastir, Tunisia, 22-25 March 2021; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2021; pp. 1-7. * [PERSON] et al. (2015) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] A cost-benefit case for RFID implementation in hospitals: Adapting to industry reform. _Facilities_**2015**, _336_-388. * [PERSON] et al. (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] SVM-based indoor localization in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2017 13 th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), Valencia, Spain, 26-30 June 2017; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2017; pp. 1144-1149. * [PERSON] et al. (2014) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON], [PERSON] Measurement and analysis of UWB radio channel for indoor localization in a hospital environment.