###### Abstract
In addition, battery dynamics and driving patterns, charging, and communication standards were provided in the study [26]. The researchers examined the identification and programming of charging stations suitable for individual EVs as an optimization issue [27]. This work introduced research results based on objective functions, solution methods, geographical situations, and demand-side management regarding the placement of charging stations [28]. The integration of plug-in EVs in smart grids such as V2G and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) systems has been described. Also, the work provided information about energy storage devices for EV charging [29]. In [30], multi factors affecting the EV charging load are presented. According to the study, policy, environment, market, infrastructure, user, and technology are significant parameters that affect the charging load [30]. The researchers indicated the frameworks, objectives, architectures, gains, and challenges of the energy management systems of several stakeholders and participants in the study [31]. Also, it provides a key analysis of the behavior of distributed energy generation and various programs like demand response, demand-side management, and power quality management used in energy management systems [31]. The impacts of EVs and sustainable energy resources were analyzed in terms of smart charging, coordinated scheduling, and energy management [32]. In [33], the impacts of EVs on power distribution networks are explained. Technical problems regarding modern power electronic converters, impacts on voltage/frequency, and challenges on supply/demand are detailed by the researchers [33]. Ref. [34] was dedicated to exploring and considering the challenges that EVs pose to the grid. The study dealt with the following subjects: power quality issues in conventional and modern power networks, EV topologies, power quality in conventional grids using EVs, and power quality improvement in smart grids using EVs [34]. The study examined the impacts of EV-grid integration on operating costs and the power demand curve for a distribution line with a high penetration of clean energy sources [35]. Studies on the integration of smart grids with EVs seem to focus on some issues. However, the lack of a detailed study describing the power quality effects and main contributions of EVs on smart grids is a shortcoming. For this, the current work aims to develop a detailed understanding of the impacts and contributions of EVs on a smart grid. Compared to previous studies, the present study provides a comprehensive elucidation and analysis of the effects on the power system and the significant roles played by electric vehicles (EVs) integrated into smart grids. The main objectives and major contributions of this paper are given as follows:  
* The effects of EVs on the stability of the power system are analyzed, focusing on both voltage and frequency stability. Subsequently, the impact of EVs on voltage and current distortions in the network resulting from their connection is assessed. * The prevalent waveform distortions induced by integrating EVs into the grid, including harmonics, supraharmonics, overcurrents, sags/swells, imbalances, and fluctuations, are emphasized. * A demand response program was conducted according to the load profile and power losses regarding the EV-smart grid connection to provide a perspective about the pros and cons. * Energy management schemes for an EV-smart grid integration is elaborated on in terms of load management, supporting renewable energy resources, improving the utilization efficiency of electrical energy generation, improving the system power factor, and energy saving. * Subsequently, scheduling processes that preserve a stable grid operation are detailed to present a frame of reference for system operators. * The potential compensation functions of EVs integrated into the smart grid are provided as power quality support functionalities.