# Adaptive Network Routing Technology for Near-Moon Space Cross-Domain Transmission
## 1 Introduction
Reference [25] designed two types of lunar transmission models for 1.8 GHz communication, which were used for interactive communication between lunar  
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of heterogeneous communication networks in the space near the Moon. robots and astronauts. Heterogeneous network fusion interaction analysis showed the advantages of the fusion of different communication systems. In order to form a similar ground communication capability, reference [26] adopted WLAN networking to achieve information exchange between lunar devices around 20 m, which can achieve unified wireless data exchange between payload systems. For heterogeneous communication networks, software radio technology is mainly used to achieve the reconstruction of different link and protocol layers [27]. Reference [28] proposed a minimum data loss model for lunar and ground lunar network relay and established a ground lunar relay communication scheduling model. Considering the particularity of the orbit of space vehicles near the Moon, the heterogeneous network compatibility method based on unified communication protocols for low-Earth-orbit networking may not be applicable [29; 30]. Common cross-domain network routing communication relies on the capabilities of relay or relay platforms [31], which makes it difficult to quantitatively analyze specific relay systems in the process of establishing a unified communication model [32; 33]. The space network system near the Moon not only needs to ensure timely and reliable routing and forwarding of key instructions under high information latency conditions but also achieve new rapid chain building in the event of communication link failure. This requires the entire network to have time tolerance and decentralized self-organization capabilities, as well as the ability to interact with heterogeneous networks and backup and interconnect multiple domains in complex environments [34; 35]. In the event of navigation information failure, it is necessary to have a certain channel prediction ability to quickly search for channels that may achieve chain building [36]. Traditional cross-domain networking mainly uses relay or relay satellites to transmit different types of data. In this process, the efficiency of data transmission between different networks depends on the forwarding ability of the relay channel. Networks between different domains undergo separate routing planning, and cross-domain data are limited and constrained by the relay platform [37]. With the increasing number of space vehicles and lunar rovers approaching the Moon in the future, achieving cross-domain network routing transmission, especially routing forwarding in case of emergency failures, is the key to the establishment of the near-Moon-space communication network [38]. To address these issues, a networking and routing method is proposed in this paper for cross-domain network transmission in cislunar space. The method takes into account the constraints of heterogeneous networks, including Earth-Moon, lunar surface, and relay transmissions, and establishes a hybrid link resource prediction and scheduling model. A hierarchical transmission chain architecture is designed with the priority goal of achieving maximum efficiency in completing key instructions and telemetry transmission and achieving unified node model architecture by equating intermediate nodes to critical paths. A delay tolerance mechanism is established for various nodes in heterogeneous networks, whereby communication interruptions and data loss based on storage and energy margins are minimized and transmission rates are predicted based on past data during the chain construction process to achieve fast ad hoc network connectivity for visible nodes. Transmission routing efficiency from the network layer of the near-lunar space system is established to improve the transmission interaction efficiency of the entire heterogeneous network.