###### Abstract  
The issue of monitoring the structural condition of bridges is becoming a top priority worldwide. As is well known, any infrastructure undergoes a progressive deterioration of its structural conditions due to aging by normal service loads and environmental conditions. At the same time, it may suffer serious damages or collapse due to natural phenomena such as earthquakes or strong winds. For this reason, it is essential to rely on efficient and widespread monitoring techniques applied throughout the entire road network. This paper aims to introduce an integrated procedure for structural and material monitoring. With regard to structural monitoring, an innovative approach for monitoring based on Vehicle by Bridge Interaction (VBI) will be proposed. Furthermore, with regard to material monitoring, to evaluate concrete degradation, a non-invasive method based on the continuous monitoring of the pH, as well as chloride and sulfate ions concentration in the concrete, is presented. structural health monitoring; operational modal analysis; vehicle-bridge interaction; corrosion; damage; bridge Article  
An Integrated Approach for Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection of Bridges: An Experimental Assessment, _Applied Sci._  
[PERSON], [PERSON]  
identification of the structural modal properties [6; 7] based on vibration data collected when the structures are under their operating conditions [8; 9]. Thus, these procedures are particularly attractive for civil engineers concerned with the safety of monitoring buildings and infrastructures, since no initial excitation or measured external excitation is required. OMA is the leading way for monitoring, as it is quick and cheap; however, since the external force is not recorded, the identification methods must be more sophisticated and based on stochastic mechanics [10; 11; 12; 13]. Regarding the risk of corrosion of rebars in reinforced concrete structures, this represents one of the most serious degradation phenomena for all infrastructures [14; 15]. In fact, if not diagnosed in time, properly monitored and effectively counteracted, it can lead to disastrous consequences on the safety of people and structures [16; 17]. For this reason, international legislation has, for several decades, introduced reference standards and guidelines for assessing this risk, demanding, in this regard, compliance with the requirements for the durability of the structures. Indeed, a design necessity required by national and international design standards is the service life of a civil structure, that is to say the time, expressed as a duration, during which the structure must maintain the same safety requirements of the construction period without prejudice to normal maintenance activities [18; 19]. However, in the absence of functional monitoring activity, ordinary and extraordinary maintenance interventions are implemented when the manifestations of degradation become conspicuous and are, consequently, in an almost irreversible phase [20; 21]. An evaluation of the economic damage caused by supervisory negligence of the corrosion risk was conducted by Prof. [PERSON] of the University of Eindhoven. In his report [22], he constructs the cost curve relating to the maintenance of the works, denoting exponential growth in the costs of intervention and repairs of the works due to the lack or late maintenance. In particular, the \"[PERSON]'s Law of Fives\" is summarized as follows: \"Now think about that--a little extra investment early in the early aging of the structure will significantly reduce long term expenses. When maintenance is neglected, repairs, when they become essential, will generally equal five times maintenance costs. If repairs are not carried out, rehabilitation costs will be five times repair costs\". For the phenomenon of degradation due to corrosion of the reinforcement elements of the structures, chlorides and atmospheric CO2 are some of the major aggressive agents [23; 24; 25]. In particular, the oxidation of metal reinforcements occurs under two conditions.