## 1 Introduction  
Climate change has an adverse impact worldwide, creating conditions for widespread wildfires, droughts, and ecosystem deterioration [1]. Taking urgent action to combat climate change has been established as a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for the 2020s by the United Nations [2]. As a complement to emission reduction from carbon sources, nature-based solutions (NbSs) have gained growing attention from global researchers, scholars, and decision-makers for mitigating climate change [3]. By combining all ecosystem contributions, NbSs can reduce up to 11.7 GtCO2e annually by 2030 [4]. Bamboo is a fast-growing, woody grass with a high renewability [5], and it is widely distributed globally in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions [6]. The China, bamboo forests constitute only 2.9% of the total forested area, yet they store 0.78 billion tC of carbon. This represents 9.2 billion tC, or an 8.48% contribution to China's total forest carbon storage [7,8]. Out of the 132 reporting countries in the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Forest Assessment Report for 2020, 23 claimed bamboo resources, totaling 35 million ha in area. This area has increased by almost 50% from 1990 to 2020 [6] and is also projected to continue to expand its range under most climate change scenarios [9,10]. Bamboo's contribution to climate change mitigation, as an NbS, can be categorized into: (i) bamboo forest biomass acting as a carbon sink, (ii) carbon storage through bamboo products, and (iii) carbon credits from bamboo forest projects [11]. Firstly, compared with tree species from similar regions, bamboo forests present a higher ability and higher efficiency for carbon sequestration and biomass accumulation [12]. For instance, a well-managed Moso bamboo forest can sequester 24.31 \(\text{ICO}_{2}/\text{ha}\) annually; this compares favorably with other forest types in the same subtropical zones, as it sequesters about twice the amount sequestered by Chinese fir (11.48 \(\text{tCO}_{2}/\text{ha}/\text{yr}\)) in Hunan Province and around four times the amount sequestered by the Masson pine (6.49 \(\text{tCO}_{2}/\text{ha}/\text{yr}\)) in Guangdong Province, China [8]. Secondly, bamboo forests have short rotation times: the harvest cycle of mature-stand removal ranges from two to four years [12], making bamboo a highly renewable resource. Harvested bamboo culls are processed into various products, including bamboo flooring, panels, and furniture [13], which are suitable substitutes for more carbon-intensive productions. The life cycles of these products are carbon-negative when the emissions from transportation and production are minimized [14]. Thirdly, with forest-based management activities, such as aforestation, reforestation, improved forest management, and avoided deforestation, bamboo forests can sequester and store more carbon from the atmosphere than other baseline scenarios [5]. These activities can generate carbon offset credits for bamboo projects, incentivizing farmers to better manage their bamboo holdings in mitigating climate change [5]. Thoroughly understanding the importance and synthesizing the existing knowledge of bamboo forests in the climate change mitigation context is crucial for implementing relevant nature-based climate policy successfully. However, few researchers have comprehensively reviewed bamboo's climate change mitigation potential from all three perspectives: carbon sink in biomass, carbon storage in bamboo products, and carbon credits in bamboo projects. Recent reviews focused on more limited aspects: some studies reviewed the carbon sequestration ability of aboveground and belowground biomass and soil organic carbon [12; 15]. Others focused on the mitigation effects of trading bamboo carbon credits as a means to support the livelihood of farmers [16; 17]. And some other studies analyzed the carbon sequestered in bamboo biomass and stored in bamboo products [18; 19]. [PERSON] et al.