# Prediction Model for the Performance of Different PV Modules Using Artificial Neural Networks
## 4 Result and Discussion  
In this research, six different types of PV modules were used to collect datasets for the training and testing process of the ANN by a Prova 1011 solar system analyzer. The technical characteristics of the PV modules at STC are described in Table 2.  
There are 37,144 records for 247 IV curves that have been collected from the six PV modules, 40 IV curves from the flexible back-contact mono-module, 50 curves from the CIGS module, 42 curves from the thin-film module, 40 IV curves from the flexible mono-module, 35 curves from monocrystalline module, and 40 curves from polycrystalline module. Each record has a value for voltage, current, V\({}_{\mathrm{oc}}\), I\({}_{\mathrm{sc}}\), FF, a product of I\({}_{\mathrm{sc}}\) and V\({}_{\mathrm{oc}}\), irradiance, T\({}_{\mathrm{c}}\), and P\({}_{\mathrm{max}}\). A total of 7.69% of the dataset was used for the testing process, while the remaining data were used during the training process. For the prediction process, the proposed model predicted the IV curve for the six different PV modules by entering the name of the PV module and the specific desired test conditions, as explained in Figure 6. To test the accuracy of the proposed model under different test conditions, each predicted IV curve has a different solar radiation level and ambient temperature for each PV module. Figures 7-12 show the predicted IV curves with the experimental IV curves for the six modules that were extracted. For each predicted IV curve, the proposed model starts the process of training and predicting from the start, as shown in the flowchart in Figure 6. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Types of PV Module** & **P\({}_{\mathrm{m}}\)** & **V\({}_{\mathrm{oc}}\)** & **I\({}_{\mathrm{sc}}\)** & **V\({}_{\mathrm{m}}\)** & **I\({}_{\mathrm{m}}\)** \\ \hline CIGS & 90 W & 26.4 V & 5.1 A & 21 V & 4.5 A \\ Thin film & 100 W & 20 V & 5.6 A & 18 V & 5.1 A \\ Flexible mono & 100 W & 19.2 V & 5.68 A & 16 V & 5.15 A \\ Polycrystalline & 100 W & 21.42 V & 5.76 A & 18.59 V & 5.38 A \\ Monocrystalline & 100 W & 21.97 V & 6.07 A & 17.46 V & 5.73 A \\ Flexible back-contact Mono & 30 W & 21.97 V & 1.75 A & 18.31 V & 1.64 A \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The technical characteristics at STC. Figure 8: Predicted and experimental IV curves for thin module at 586 W/m\({}^{2}\) and 312 K T\({}_{\rm c}\). Figure 7: Predicted and experimental IV curves for CIGS module at 601 W/m\({}^{2}\) and 323 K T\({}_{\rm c}\). Figure 9: Predicted and experimental IV curves for flexible mono-module at 864 W/m\({}^{2}\) and 314 K T\({}_{\rm c}\). Figure 11: Predicted and experimental IV curves for monocrystalline module at 640 W/m\({}^{2}\) and 324 K T\({}_{\rm c}\). Figure 12: Predicted and experimental IV curves for flexible back-contact mono-module at 865 W/m\({}^{2}\) and 312 K T\({}_{\rm c}\). Figure 10: Predicted and experimental IV curves for polycrystalline module at 410 W/m\({}^{2}\) and 316 K T\({}_{\rm c}\). After this, to compare the prediction performance of the six PV modules under test conditions and how each PV module will perform under the same test conditions, the proposed model predicted the IV and PV curves for the six different types of PV modules under the same test conditions, as explained in Figure 6. Figures 13-16 compare and show the predicted IV and PV curves for the six modules under the same test conditions. All the graphs were created using the MATLAB program. From Figures 13-16, FF efficiency for the six modules under the same test conditions were calculated, as shown in Table 3. The highest FF is the monocrystalline module, with an average of 0.737, while the lowest FF is the CIGS module, with an average of 0.66. For efficiency, the highest is the monocrystalline module, with an average of 10.32%, while the lowest is the thin-film module, with an average of 7.65%. Both thin-film and flexible mono-modules have similar performances. Figure 14: Predicted IV curves for the six PV modules at 500 W/m\({}^{2}\) and 310 K T\({}_{\rm c}\).