# Enhancing Space Management through Digital Twin: A Case Study of the Lazio Region Headquarters
## 4 Conclusions  
The use of DT in building production management, particularly its integration with advanced technologies such as BIM, ML, and IoT, is revolutionizing the AECO sector, enabling more efficient and optimized building lifecycle management. The focus of the research on the development of a DT for SM strategies, with an application case from the Lazio Region, has provided promising results. The implementation of an accurate digital replication of the building based on BIM and the integration of real-time data has proven to optimize space utilization and improve resource management [92]. The implications of this study are not limited to the management of public spaces and infrastructures, but extend to the promotion of efficiency and sustainability in decision-making and operational processes through the adoption of digital methodologies. In particular, the study highlighted the potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thereby helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. Specifically, the application of the SM methodology at the headquarters of the Lazio Region demonstrated an energy saving of 530.40 MWh and a reduction in emissions of 641.32 tons. This provides a holistic view of the potential of digital transformation in the context of public infrastructure space management. Its implications are relevant not only for the Lazio Region, but also for other areas seeking innovative solutions to address challenges related to efficiency, sustainability, and the quality of services offered to the community. The management of a DT presents a number of significant challenges in relation to data security and privacy. The collection and integration of large amounts of data in real time can result in the exposure of information to risks of unauthorized access. It is of the utmost importance to implement robust security measures in order to protect this sensitive information. Moreover, the introduction of new technologies may encounter resistance from personnel, who may be hesitant to alter established operational procedures. This necessitates the implementation of effective change management strategies and the establishment of suitable training programs to guarantee a seamless transition. The initial deployment of a DT entails considerable financial outlay, particularly in the context of purchasing the requisite hardware and software, as well as the costs associated with staff training. This represents a significant financial barrier for many organizations. Furthermore, integrating a DT with existing management systems can be a complex undertaking, necessitating careful planning and coordination to avoid incompatibilities and ensure that all systems function harmoniously, thereby optimizing the benefits of DT technology. Despite this, industry research indicates that approximately 70% of digital transformation programs fail to achieve their intended outcomes, primarily due to internal resistance and a lack of management support [98]. The ability to define, execute, and modify digital strategies in a timely and flexible manner is of paramount importance for the economic performance of companies. Considering these challenges, there is a clear need to develop a robust methodology that supports the implementation of organizational, technological, and innovative systems, while simultaneously promoting motivation and flexibility. This holistic approach is of significant importance for enhancing the well-being and productivity of employees in the workplace [99; 100; 101]. In times of crisis, it is of the utmost importance that companies are able to access cost-effective technological incentives and macroeconomic supports that facilitate business continuity and the preservation of stakeholder relations [102]. The proposed methodology for the development and/or management of a smart city appears to be a logical extension of the research.