## 1 Introduction
For example, by employing a multi-shaking table array system for a \(1/30\)-scale utility tunnel model, the transverse response of a reinforced concrete utility tunnel under near-fault ground motions with and without a velocity pulse has been studied [11]. And by a series of shaking table model tests, the dynamic responses of a prefabricated corrugated steel utility tunnel under earthquake action have been studied [12]. To ensure the sustainable and safe operation of a cast-in-place concrete utility tunnel over a design life of 100 years, the seismic response pattern of a utility tunnel in a layered liquefiable site by earthquake excitation has been studied by the shaking table tests [13]. By using the \(1/20\) scaled shaking table tests to simulate the earthquake excitation, the seismic performance of a prefabricated T-shaped cross micro-concrete utility tunnel has been studied [14]. And in a study [15], the dynamic response of a reinforced concrete utility tunnel under earthquake seismic action has been investigated through the shaking table tests. Moreover, in the study [16], the seismic failure mechanism of a prefabricated corrugated steel utility tunnel on liquefiable ground under earthquake excitation was investigated by the shaking table test, too. From the abovementioned studies, it can be found that two types of dynamic loads (ground surface explosion and earthquake excitation) have been simulated in these experimental studies. Most of them studied the dynamic response of utility tunnels by the influence of a short time disturbance. Therefore, there is a big gap between those experimental studies and the study on a utility tunnel affected by ground traffic loads during the operation period, which is a long-term disturbance. For the numerical studies, by using the two-dimensional (2D) numerical model constructed by the general finite element software (ABAQUS 6.12), the response characteristics of a concrete rectangular tunnel that is similar to a utility tunnel in soft soil subjected to transversal ground shaking have been analyzed [17]. Using the 2D numerical model constructed by the same software, too, the dynamic behavior of the pipe-arched main compartment for the corrugated steel utility tunnel has been investigated [18]. By using the general finite element software (ABAQUS 6.10), a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model has been constructed for analyzing the mechanical performance of the perforated steel plate-reinforced utility tunnel with the use of ultra-high-performance concrete and an engineered cementitious composite under dynamic loads [19]. Also based on the 3D real-site numerical model constructed by the same software, the seismic responses of prefabricated utility tunnels with different incident angles of P-waves were analyzed [20]. Based on the 3D rigorous numerical model developed in the platform of Displacement Analyzer (DIANA), the cross-sectional mechanical behavior of a prefabricated multi-cabin-reinforced concrete utility tunnel under free-field racking deformation by earthquake action has been studied [6]. Using the 3D finite element model of the explicit dynamic software (LS-DYNA R8.0), the blast performance of a reinforced concrete utility tunnel subjected to a ground surface explosion has been investigated [21]. Moreover, by using the 2D discrete element numerical model of Particle Flow Code (PFC) software (PFC 2D 5.0), the dynamic response of the reinforced concrete utility tunnel in soft soil of a horizontal non-homogeneous site has been analyzed [15]. And, to investigate the seismic performance of prefabricated corrugated steel utility tunnels in liquefiable soil, the numerical plane model constructed by the finite difference software of Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) 3D (FLAC 3.0) has been used [16]. In most of the abovementioned studies, the effect of earthquake action on the mechanical behavior of utility tunnels has been investigated, except one in which the effect of a ground surface explosion has been considered.