## 4 Discussion
### Limitations of the Study and Future Research  
This study has addressed the scientific gap left by our previous research [12], which did not analyze the timing of bouts in five weight categories. Additionally, it has allowed for comparisons between adjacent weight categories. However, we consider that, similar to the prior study, the sample size used is small. Post hoc power analysis showed that the sample size was sufficient to detect moderate to large effect sizes but limited for smaller effects, with achieved power levels of approximately 32% for moderate effects and 19% for small effects. Therefore, this research should be regarded as a pilot study for each of the five weight categories analyzed, and the conclusions should be taken with caution, as they cannot be generalized to all of boxing. Despite these limitations, the consistency in sample size with our prior study ensured methodological comparability, which strengthens the reliability of the observed patterns. Thus, further studies with larger samples are necessary. Furthermore, we believe that the present research provides a methodological foundation for future studies with samples from other tournaments and competitions. It is also important to extend this study to female weight categories. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Featherweight** & & & & & & & \\ \hline
**Sequentiality** & **Time (s)** & **Punch** & **No. of Actions** & **Sequentiality** & **Time (s)** & **Punch** & **No. of Actions** \\ \hline
**1 st Round** & & & & & **1 st Round** & & & \\ _Fight 1_ & 87 & No. 1P & 6 & _Fight 1_ & 60 & No. 1P & 5 \\  & & No. Short & 17 & & & No. Short & 9 \\  & & No. Long & 3 & & & No. Long & 1 \\ _Pause 1—INT_ & 4 & & & _Pause 1—INT_ & 5 & & \\ _Fight 2_ & 87 & No. 1P & 6 & _Fight 2_ & 60 & No. 1P & 5 \\  & & No. Short & 17 & & & No. Short & 9 \\  & & No. Long & 3 & & & No. Long & 1 \\ _Rest_ & 62 & & & & _Pause 2—INT_ & 5 & & \\  & & & & & _Fight 3_ & 60 & No. 1P & 5 \\
**2 nd Round** & & & & & & No. Short & 9 \\  & & & & & & No. Long & 1 \\ _Fight 3_ & 58 & No. 1P & 3 & & _Rest_ & 61 & & \\  & & No. Long & 2 & & & & \\ _Pause 2—INT_ & 5 & & & & & & No. Long & 1 \\ _Fight 4_ & 58 & No. 1P & 3 & _Fight 4_ & 60 & No. 1P & 3 \\  & & No. Short & 12 & & & & No. Short & 10 \\  & & No. Long & 2 & & & No. Long & 2 \\ _Pause 3—INT_ & 5 & & & & & No. Long & 2 \\ _Fight 5_ & 58 & No. 1P & 3 & _Fight 5_ & 60 & No. 1P & 3 \\  & & No. Short & 12 & & & & No. Short & 10 \\  & & No. Long & 2 & & & No. Long & 2 \\ _Rest_ & 61 & & & & & & \\ _3 rd Round_ & & & & & & No. Short & 10 \\ _Fight 6_ & 44 & No. 1P & 2 & & & No. Long & 2 \\  & & No. Short & 9 & _Rest_ & 61 & & \\ _Pause 4—INT_ & 5 & & & & & & No. Long & 2 \\ _Pause 7_ & 44 & No. 1P & 2 & & & & No. Short & 10 \\  & & No. Short & 9 & _Pause 4—INT_ & 54 & & & \\ _Pause 5—STOP_ & 18 & & & & _Pause 5—INT_ & 4 & & \\ _Fight 8_ & 44 & No. 1P & 2 & _Fight 8_ & 54 & No. 1P & 4 \\  & & No. Short & 9 & & & No. Short & 10 \\  & & No. Long & 2 & & & No. Long & 2 \\ _Pause 6—INT_ & 5 & & & & & & No. Short & 10 \\ _Fight 9_ & 44 & No. 1P & 2 & _Fight 9_ & 54 & No. Short & 10 \\  & & No. Long & 2 & & & No. Long & 2 \\  & & No. Short & 9 & & & No. Long & 2 \\  & & No. Long & 2 & & & No. Long & 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Typical temporal structure of a boxing match in the featherweight and lightweight categories. On another note, it is necessary to investigate whether the recent changes in the weight categories of men's Olympic boxing (from eight to seven categories, with modifications to the weight limits in each) have affected the temporal structure of bouts in each category. Another limitation of this study is the absence of covariates that could influence the temporal structure of bouts, such as age, prior experience, injury history, or variations in technical styles. We consider that these factors could impact the duration and frequency of strike and pause sequences across weight categories.