## 5 Conclusions  
This study examines the importance and trends of factors influencing commercial crime report density in Seoul's alley commercial districts between 2019 and 2021. Machine learning approaches are employed to assess the significance of variables affecting the crime reports per commercial area and to identify the patterns of these factors. The results suggest that the shift in lifestyle brought on by COVID-19 had a significant impact on crime reporting, since social distancing significantly decreased the significance of crime influencers, and their importance was altered considerably. The following conclusions and implications can be drawn from the findings of this study. First, it is demonstrated that store density, dawn sales ratio and the number of gathering facilities are the predominant factors influencing crime reports. As these variables' values increase, the number of crime calls likewise tends to rise every year. This implies that the likelihood of crime increases when more facilities and amenities that might draw more visitors to a commercial district are introduced. Thus, it is vital to classify commercial districts for police actions according to the degree of criminal opportunities in order to create safer market places. Second, the Mu-score, which measures a commercial district's level of perceived decline, produced consistent findings for every year, with the number of reports rising as the level of deterioration increased. It can be seen that commercial districts with higher perceived decline created a landscape image of being unsafe and increased criminal impulses, which is consistent with earlier studies that have found that decayed commercial districts can harm visitors morally and contribute to the occurrence of crime. The increasing tendency became more pronounced in 2021, which is likely related to the loss in business activity brought on by social estrangement. Based on these findings, we may conclude that a safe commercial district could be created by improving the visual environment from a perception standpoint. Third, a persistent negative linear association between the GVI and crime reports was observed. However, since crime reports were maintained after a specific street greenery level (22-24%), commercial districts are recommended to set adequate amounts of green space rather than overplanting street trees and vegetation. Although the findings of this study may provide greater insight into the factors that drive crime, there are still certain limitations that need to be considered in future research. Since this study utilized 112 Emergency Number reported crime call data, normalized to our dependent variable as commercial crime report density, there is the possibility of overestimating crime numbers due to duplicate reports and missing incidents reported by the police. Thus, future studies should attempt to use actual crime data for more accurate estimation. Moreover, restrictions remain in describing how crime reporting affects overall commercial areas because the unit of study was restricted to alley commercial districts. Future research should thus pinpoint the variables influencing crime reports by examining different types of commercial districts. Finally, the measurement of perceived urban decay was based on the survey results of GSV images, but images cannot be captured every study year due to data availability. The size of alley commercial districts is relatively small, and only images that were not changed during the study period were used in this study. Therefore, future researchers should conduct surveys for different images for the same place each year to increase internal reliability. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, H.W.K. and M.J.; methodology, H.W.K. and M.J.; software, M.J. and D.M. ; validation, H.W.K., D.M. and M.J.; formal analysis, M.J.; investigation, H.W.K. ; resources, H.W.K. and M.J.; data curation, D.M. and M.J.; writing--original draft preparation, H.W.K. and M.J.; writing--review and editing, H.W.K. and D.M. ; visualization, D.M.