# Identifying Emerging Issues in the Seafood Industry Based on a Text Mining Approach
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Growth Model  
Once DTW classifies the emerging issue candidates, we reexamine the frequency of individual keyword mentions to identify the most likely emerging issues. To capture the S-curve growth pattern, we use a logistic growth model. In examining the frequency of keyword mentions, we exclude keywords related to advertisements and market research reports (the reason we exclude market research reports' titles and advertisements is that keywords are highlighted by some company's publicity). _Coercion_, _cusines_, _food safety_, _ketones_, _plastic ingestions_, _seafood alcohol_ (Russia-Ukraine-related import ban), _urbanization_, _wastewater treatment_, and _World Trade Organization_ (_WTO_) could be selected based on Figure 6. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Group Name** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Keywords**} \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Cluster 1 (Periodical Issues)} & Cod & Diets & Eco health & Fats \\ \cline{2-5}  & Market analytics & Meat market & Meat seafood & Octopus \\ \cline{2-5}  & Oysters & Ramen & Retaliation & Seaweed \\ \cline{2-5}  & Snack & Supermarkets & Sustainability & Swine fever \\ \cline{2-5}  & Tariffs & Tastes & Tuna & Vegan \\ \cline{2-5}  & Warehouses & Wastewater & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Cluster 2 (Corona Issues)} & Acidity & Airlines flight & Animal market & Arrivals \\ \cline{2-5}  & Beverages\_market & Corona & Coronavirus & Disinfectant \\ \cline{2-5}  & Ebola & Eco health & Epicenter & Epidemiology \\ \cline{2-5}  & Evacuees & Gene & Health & Huanan Market \\ \cline{2-5}  & Huanan seafood & Hygiene & Kazakhstan & Meat poultry \\ \cline{2-5}  & Pathogen & Precautions & Prevention CDC & SARS \\ \cline{2-5}  & Scanner & Seafood market & Soup & Thai \\ \cline{2-5}  & Wenliang & Wet markets & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Cluster 3 (Post-Corona Issues)} & Automation market & Britons & Ccp & Changing \\ \cline{2-5}  & Channel & Circumstance & Contact kissing & Diet \\ \cline{2-5}  & Disinfection & Dogs cats & Escalation & Examinations \\ \cline{2-5}  & Fatality & Ingestion & Insides & Lockdown \\ \cline{2-5}  & Logistics & Market segmentation & Milder & Missteps \\ \cline{2-5}  & Pigs chickens & Plastic & Protein & Protein market \\ \cline{2-5}  & Salad & Saliva & Salmon market & Scans \\ \cline{2-5}  & Severity spectrum & Spillover & Sugar & Syndrome SARS \\ \cline{2-5}  & Taxonomy & Trade agreement & _Vibrio Vulnerus_ & Virologist \\ \cline{2-5}  & Virology & Vitamin & Whcdc & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Cluster 4 (Emerging Issues Candidates)} & Caries & Caviar substitutes & Coercion & Consumables \\ \cline{2-5}  & Cuisines & EPU & Fishmeal market & Flight catering \\ \cline{2-5}  & Food processing & Food Safety & Grail & Greenfield \\ \cline{2-5}  & Ketones & Logistics market & Market insights & Meals market \\ \cline{2-5}  & Packer & Plastic ingestion & Poacher & Rotort\_pouches \\ \cline{2-5}  & Salmon & Seafood alcohol & Squid & Sushi \\ \cline{2-5}  & Trade duration & Urbanization & Wastewater treatment & WTO \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: List of keywords by dynamic time warping (monthly). _Urbanization_ is classified as an emerging issue. Formerly, the term was used in the context of enhanced consumer convenience (e.g., interest in the processed seafood industry and development of e-commerce). However, more recently, _urbanization_ has been used as one of the causes of environmental problems including the food crisis. For example, the increased use of plastics due to urbanization causes environmental pollution, which in turn negatively affects the seafood production system. Accordingly, the public interest in industries with relatively fewer environmental problems (e.g., _alternative meat_) has increased. _Food safety_ is an issue of the highest priority in food consumption. While safe and healthy eating habits have always been a subject of high interest, the recent focus on \"safe foods\" is shifting toward its new role as an export barrier for seafood, justified by quarantines for food hygiene and safety.