# Cephalometrics in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Mixed Dentition
## 3 Results
### Correlations of Polysomnographic and Cephalometric Parameters  
In this age group of children, [PERSON]'s correlation analysis was carried out between the polygraphic and cephalometric parameters. BMI was significantly correlated with average saturation, r = \(-\)0.317 (\(p\) = 0.049).  
Between angle measurements, a notable positive correlation with the AHI was observed for the angle of the mandible relative to the base of the skull (MnPLSN); r = 0.319 (\(p\) = 0.048, Figure 1), while the SNPP angle (palatal plane) showed no relationship. The angle MnPLSN had a moderate correlation with the AHI in the supine position, but this correlation was not statistically significant (r = 0.308, \(p\) = 0.057).  
The BaSPNS parameter (the angle between the foramen magnum (Ba), the sella turcica (S), and the posterior nasal spine (PNS) which characterizes the bony boundaries of the nasopharyngeal space) was reduced compared to the norm (137.05 \(\pm\) 0.25), but no correlation was found for this parameter with the AHI. Average oxygen saturation was associated with maximum uvula thickness (MSPT), r = \(-\)0.461 (\(p\) < 0.01).  
The supine AHI position was negatively moderately correlated with MnPl and MxPl: r = \(-\)0.319 (\(p\) = 0.048) and r = \(-\)0.354 (\(p\) = 0.027), respectively.  
Figure 1: Correlation of AHI and MnPLSN parameter.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l r r r r r} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **N** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **Standard Deviation** \\ \hline Sleep time & 26 & 318.00 & 581.00 & 443.6538 & 59.97879 \\ NREM1 & 26 & 0.50 & 23.00 & 4.0115 & 4.64718 \\ NREM2 & 26 & 14.60 & 53.80 & 35.5038 & 11.10166 \\ NREM3 & 26 & 20.90 & 67.10 & 41.2462 & 12.26651 \\ REM & 26 & 7.20 & 30.60 & 19.2269 & 6.33836 \\ N validate (all) & 26 & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Data of polysomnographic examination in a hospital.  
A significant negative correlation was observed between the anteroposterior pharyngeal size index at the PAS2 level and the AHI and supine AHI (r = \(-\)0.338 (\(p\) = 0.036) and r = \(-\)0.318 (\(p\) = 0.048), respectively). PAS2 also correlated with oxygen desaturation index (ODI): r = \(-\)0.395 (\(p\) = 0.013).  
A significant negative correlation was also observed between the anteroposterior pharyngeal size index at the level of the mandibular plane: PAS3 and the AHI and supine AHI (r = \(-\)0.386 (\(p\) = 0.015) and r = \(-\)0.317 (\(p\) = 0.05), respectively). PAS3 also correlated with the ODI: r = \(-\)0.366 (\(p\) = 0.022).  
The SNA angle was negatively moderately correlated with the PAS3 indices and PAS min (r = \(-\)0.426 (\(p\) = 0.007) and r = \(-\)0.359 (\(p\) = 0.025), respectively) as well as with the MPH parameter (distance from the plane of the base of the lower jaw to the hyoid bone): r = \(-\)0.394 (\(p\) = 0.013).  
Among children undergoing study in a hospital, REM sleep had significant positive correlation with AHI (r = 0.428; \(p\) = 0.029); correlations were also observed between MSPT and average saturation (r = \(-\)0.74; \(p\) < 0.01) and AHI (r = 0.385; \(p\) = 0.05).  
The ad1 cephalometric parameter was positively correlated with PAS1 and PAS min (r = 0.747 (\(p\) < 0.001) and r = 0.39 (\(p\) = 0.049), respectively) in children who underwent polysomnographic study in a hospital. Parameter ad2 was positively correlated with PAS1 (r = 0.642 (\(p\) < 0.001)), PAS2 (r = 0.452 (\(p\) = 0.02)), PAS3 (r = 0.427 (\(p\) = 0.03)), and PAS min (r = 0.479 (\(p\) = 0.013)) parameters.