## 4 Discussion  
The use of medicinal herbs and their essential oils as dietary supplements for farmed aquatic animals has gained increasing attention due to their biological activities. Different essential oils have beneficial properties including analgesic, immunostimulant, growth promotion, and antioxidant bioactivities [8; 15]. In particular, EO-OG can be used to control fish parasitic infection, enhance fish antioxidant response, and act as a fish sedative and \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Proximate Composition** & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Experimental Groups (g EO-OG kg Diet\({}^{-1}\))**} \\  & **Control** & **1.0** & **2.0** & **3.0** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline Dry matter (\%) & 24.84 \(\pm\) 0.51 & 24.11 \(\pm\) 0.24 & 24.15 \(\pm\) 0.87 & 23.72 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 0.476 \\ Crude protein (\%) & 68.70 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 71.49 \(\pm\) 0.67 & 70.11 \(\pm\) 1.78 & 73.52 \(\pm\) 1.60 & 0.077 \\ Ash (\%) & 13.63 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 13.12 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 13.21 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 13.45 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 0.062 \\ Ether extract (\%) & 8.51 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 7.86 \(\pm\) 0.29 & 8.14 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 8.15 \(\pm\) 0.27 & 0.168 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Proximate composition of _Macrobrachium rosenbergii_ juveniles fed diets with different _Octimum gratissimum_ essential oil inclusion levels, dry matter based. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Detoxification Biomarkers** & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Experimental Groups (g EO-OG kg Diet\({}^{-1}\))**} \\  & **Control** & **1.0** & **2.0** & **3.0** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline CAT & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.03 B & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.05 B & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.03 B & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.14 A & 0.0126 \\ GPx & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.03 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.3980 \\ GR & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.011 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.1631 \\ GSH & 23.19 \(\pm\) 3.54 & 19.44 \(\pm\) 12.8 & 14.93 \(\pm\) 7.40 & 17.26 \(\pm\) 16.47 & 0.8167 \\ GST & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.2705 \\ TBARS & 2.80 \(\pm\) 0.34 A & 1.69 \(\pm\) 0.84 B & 1.65 \(\pm\) 0.39 B & 1.59 \(\pm\) 0.63 B & 0.0111 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Detoxification biomarkers in the hepatopancreases of _Macrobrachium rosenbergii_ juveniles fed diets with different _Octimum gratissimum_ essential oil inclusion levels. anesthetic agent [31; 32; 33; 57], as well as a sedative and anesthetic for prawns [20; 36]. In the present study, dietary EO-OG has been shown to be a potential natural antioxidant and contribute to prawn welfare. When adding a new component to the diet of farmed animals, it is paramount that it does not impair the animals' performance. Although some EOs have been reported as growth promoters within the aquaculture context, e.g., _Citrus sinensis_ (orange) and _Origanum vulgare_ (oregano) [58; 59], some others such as the EOs of _Aloysia citridora_ (_A. triphyllla_) (lemon verbena), _Citrus limon_ (lemon), _Lippia alba_ (lemon balm), and _Rosmarinus officinalis_ (rosemary) have been shown to have no impact on fish or decapods' performance [11; 24; 25; 60; 61]. Those differences in the growth promoter effect of EOs might be attributed to the major compounds that determine the different EO chemotypes, or minor compounds of the different EOs, or even the set of components present in the EO (phytocomplex), as well as the animal species tested and the experimental conditions. In the current study, no significant differences were observed among experimental groups in most of the growth parameters analyzed, except for the antenna length parameter. Prawns' performance is influenced by their nutrition, environment, and genetics. The last two were kept equal among the experimental groups throughout the trial; hence, these were not variables. Of note, EO-OG is a non-nutritive feed supplement with a potential immunostimulant effect.