# _atmosphere_
## 5 Conclusions  
Using two-year continuous measurements from the northeastern Qinghai--Tibet Plateau, this study revealed that an alpine peatland site acted as a net carbon source, while an alpine swampland site acted as a net carbon sink. Growing season CO\({}_{2}\) fluxes were predominantly controlled by atmospheric water vapor, while nongrowing season ecosystem respiration was regulated by site attributes and topsoil temperatures. Ecosystem respiration, specifically nongrowing season CO\({}_{2}\) emissions, potentially accounted for the distinctly different carbon budgets of the two alpine wetlands. These findings highlight the crucial role of nongrowing season CO\({}_{2}\) dynamics in alpine wetlands, which will positively feedback to climate change under the context of marked winter warming.  
**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/atmos12121695/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/atmos12121695/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/atmos12121695/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/atmos12121695/s1)), Table S1: The analysis of variance from the general linear model of monthly net ecosystem exchange (In(\(NEE\)) with soil temperature (\(T_{s}\), continuous variable) and site attributes (Site, categorical variable) during the nongrowing season, Table S2: The Pearson correlation analysis between annual CO\({}_{2}\) fluxes (NEE, RES, GPP) with environmental controls (\(T_{a}\): air temperature; Vapor: atmospheric water vapor; Rain: precipitation; \(R_{n}\): net radiation; \(T_{S}\): topsoil temperature; EVI\({}_{sum}\): accumulative enhanced vegetation index). Figure S1: The geographic location of the two alpine wetlands, Figure S2: The relative contributions of environmental controls to variations in the growing season (a) and the nongrowing season (b) 8-day CO\({}_{2}\) fluxes of the two alpine wetlands, Figure S3. The fitted 8-day CO\({}_{2}\) fluxes (NEE: (a, d); RES (b); GPP (c)) in relation to each of the predictors (Rain: precipitation; \(T_{a}\): air temperature; \(R_{n}\): net radiation; Vapor: atmospheric water vapor; \(T_{S}\): topsoil temperature; EVI: enhanced vegetation index; Site: categorical variable, LHZ and XBH) used in the model during the growing season (a, b, c) and nongrowing season (d), Figure S4: The relationship between monthly ecosystem respiration (RES) and monthly gross primary productivity (GPP) during the growing season of the two alpine wetlands (LHZ: Luanhaizi and XBH: Xiaobohu). The shading areas are 95% confidence intervals, Figure S5: The relationships of annual carbon fluxes and annual precipitation of the two alpine wetland sites (Xiaobohu: XBH and Luanhaizi: LHZ).  
Conceptualization, F.Z. and W.W.; methodology, C.S., F.L., L.Z., C.W. and Y.L.; software, C.S. and F.Z.; validation, C.S., L.Y. and J.L.; investigation, C.S., F.L., Y.Y. and L.Z.; resources, K.C. and Y.L.; supervision, F.Z.; funding acquisition, F.Z., K.C., W.W. and Y.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work is funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences-People's Government of Qinghai Province Joint Grant on Sanjiangyuan National Park Research (LHZX-2020-07, LHZX-2020-08), the project of Economic Development Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration (JYFL-2021-20); the National Key R&D Program (2017 YFA0604802), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877547), the 2021 first funds for central government to guide local science and technology development in Qinghai Province (2021 ZV002), and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program (2019 QZKK0302).  
Not applicable.  
The data are available on reasonable request to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.