## 3 Results  
Gel electrolyte membranes were fabricated from the solution of PUA, PUMA, vinyl phosphonic acid, and Bis [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate by the UV-curing technique. PUA-PUMA-based crosslinked membranes were created after crosslinking occurred by free-radical polymerization through the addition of a phosphate group (P=O)-containing compound to the structure and their chemical structure was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 1). This reaction eliminates the need for the use of hazardous chemicals and can be initiated by various methods such as high temperature or UV-light exposure. It has significant value as it proceeds very quickly under moderate reaction conditions. The assembly of free radicals using radical initiators and subsequent modification of these radicals with monomer groups are the fundamentals of this type of polymerization. Adjustments were made to the ratio of substrates in the PP membranes in order to improve the membrane's physical and electrochemical characteristics (Table 1). This change ensured great stability in organic liquid electrolyte solutions. Figure 1: (**a**) The PP2 membrane’s FTIR spectrum and (**b**) the PP2 membrane’s composition and photo illustration. Overall, the FTIR peaks obtained from the membrane can serve as valuable indicators of the molecular composition and bonding characteristics resulting from the UV-induced polymerization process. The following FTIR spectra are shown in Figure 1a: the N-H stretch of PUA and PUMA at 3340 cm\({}^{-1}\); C-H stretching vibrations at 2955 cm\({}^{-1}\); the C=O stretching peak caused by ester bond at 1704 cm\({}^{-1}\); the -NH deformation peak at 1529 cm\({}^{-1}\); at 1239 cm\({}^{-1}\), the peak of C-O-C stretching; at 1157 cm\({}^{-1}\), the stretching peak of BMEP's P=O phosphate group [36]; at 1100 cm\({}^{-1}\), the C-N peak; at 983 cm\({}^{-1}\), the stretch of the P-O-C bond peak; and the C-H peak is located at 817 cm\({}^{-1}\). The disappearance of the C=C peak in the PP2 membrane's spectrum proves the formation of free-radical polymerization and the presence of a crosslinked structure [37]. Synthesis of the UV-cured crosslinked membrane PUA/PUMA/BMEP (GPP2) gel polymer electrolyte scheme is given in Figure 2.  
The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images in Figure 3, illustrate the morphological characteristics of the polymer membranes denoted as PP1, PP2, and PP3. These polymer membranes, which contain components of both BMEP and VPA, exhibit different surface porosities. Their increased ionic conductivity and increased ability to absorb electrolytes have an inherent connection to this phenomenon. The PP2 membrane's SEM micrograph \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Abbreviation** & **PP1** & **PP2** & **PP3** \\ \hline
**GPE Membrane Formulation** & & Mass (g) & \\ \hline Polyurethane Acrylate & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline Polyurethane Methcrylate & 4 & 4 & 4 \\ \hline Vinyl Phosphonic Acid & 0.55 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)]phosphate & 0 & 0.55 & 1.25 \\ \hline
2-hydroxy-2-methylproiophenone & & 3 wt\% of the total mass & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Formulations of membranes. Figure 2: Schematic representation of the synthesis of the UV-cured crosslinked membrane PUA/PUMA/BMEP (GPP2) gel polymer electrolyte. (Figure 3b), in particular, is noteworthy because it displays complex networks of interconnected molecules that resemble ropes and are connected by crosslinking interactions between multiple molecular entities. This microstructural observation serves to underscore the amorphous nature inherent to the membrane composition [38]. Clearly, there are more spaces between molecules in the polymer chains, which results in an image that highlights the gaps between the polymer moieties. This advantageous configuration creates channels that facilitate the easy diffusion of lithium ions, resulting in electrochemical characteristics characterized by high ionic conductivity.