# Efficient Actor Recovery Paradigm for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks
## 4 Problem Statement and Optimized Deterministic Actor Recovery System Model
### Optimized Deterministic Actor Recovery System Model
The node is identified based on local neighbor information (LNI) that involves global data position, node property and node degree. The critical node selection process is decided using Algorithms 1 and 2. Once a critical node is identified, it will be assigned a backup node; second, the backup node selection process is started if an actor node fails. The selection process is decided based on monitoring the algorithms explained earlier. Once the backup node selection process is complete, then the backup process starts working in case of node failure. If an actor node does not fail, then the node connectivity monitoring process is started and routing connectivity metrics are checked to ensure whether there is no problem of the router. Figure 4: Efficient Actor Recovery system model implementation. After completion of the actor node failure and node assignment processes, the actor nodes should be linked to forward the collected data to the base station. In response, the base station sends its identity (ID) using network integration message (NIM). When an actor node receives NIM from the base station, it saves the destination address of the base station for packet forwarding (PF). Subsequently, NIM is broadcasted in the network among all the actors. At least one actor node is within the range of the base station to avoid any bottlenecks. Otherwise, the base station receives the data through sensor nodes that could be the cause of packet delay and loss. The actor node saves the information of the first actor node from which it receives NIM to use PF process and further forwards NIM with its ID. If an actor gets NIM from multiple actors, then it stores the identity of additional actors in the buffer list. Identity of the saved actors is used in case of topology changes due to mobility or node failure. The detailed process of an actor node that receives NIM is presented in Algorithm 3. Our protocol applies a simple algorithm to process the NIM. The actor node first transmits NIM to its higher hop neighbor actors/sensors. When it gets the first NIM from the higher hop actor/sensor, then it forwards to its lower-hop neighbor actors/sensors to ensure the transmission of NIMs in the entire network. All other NIMs are then dropped by the actor nodes. Therefore, if each actor is ensured to be in the communication range of at least one actor, then the NIMs should not require to be managed at sensor nodes. ```
1. { \(B_{s}\): Base Station; NIM: Network integration message; PF: packet forwarding; \(N_{id}\): Node identity; \(N_{a}\): Actor node; \(N_{b}\): Node buffer}
2. Input: { \(B_{s}\), \(N_{a}\) }
3. Output: [NIM, PF]
4. Set NIM//Network integration message is set to interconnect the entire network
5. Set PF//it saves the destination address of the Base station for packet forwarding
6. If PF = \(B_{s}\) then//If a base station is saved as the destination address
7. Decline NIM//If base station is found, then NIM is declined
8. elseif NIM \(\in B_{s}\)//
9. Set PF= \(N_{id}\)// Data forwarding packet is given ID transmitted to Base station
10. Transmit NIM
11. elseif NIM \(\in N_{a}\)then//It will be considered that NIM is forwarded by an actor node
12. end if
13. end else
14. If PF \(\in N_{a}\) //If it is validated that data packet is forwarded by an actor node, t
15. \(N_{a}\) stores \(N_{id}\) into \(N_{b}\)//When actor node receives NIM from multiple actors
16. else Set PF = \(N_{id}\) //Data forwarding packet is given ID
17. Transmit NIM//NIM is transmitted by an actor node
18. End if
19. end else
20. elseif NIM \(\in B_{s}\) then//NIM message is broadcasted by the Base station. 21. If PF \(\in N_{a}\) then//If data forwarding packets is from an actor
22. Decline NIM//If actor node is found, then NIM is declined
23. else PF = \(N_{id}\) \(\in N_{a}\)//Each forwarded data packet is given identify from an actor
24.