# A Novel and Adaptive Angle Diversity-Based Receiver for 6G Underground Mining VLC Systems  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile  
2 Escuela de Informatica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370190, Chile  
3 Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito 170503, Ecuador  
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile  
5 Department of Computing and Industries, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile  
6 School of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M13 9 PR, UK  
7 Department of Electricity, Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana, Av. [PERSON] 1242, Santiago 780002, Chile  
8 Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium  
8 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.A.-A.-M.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.Z.-B. ); Tel. : +56-2-2978-4193 (C.A.A.-M.); +56-9-3682-5102 (D.Z.-B.) [PERSON]  
3 Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito 170503, Ecuador  
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile  
3 Department of Computing and Industries, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile  
3 Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M13 9 PR, UK  
7 Department of Electricity, Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana, Av. [PERSON] 1242, Santiago 780002, Chile  
8 Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium  
8 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.A.-A.-M.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.Z.-B. ); Tel. : +56-2-2978-4193 (C.A.-A.-M.); +56-9-3682-5102 (D.Z.-B.) [PERSON]  
example, localization systems in UM must be designed to work in real time, monitoring the well-being of each miner and allowing a fast response to any emergency [2]. Furthermore, the external factors of UM tunnels constitutes not just a rough environment for the workers but also an important difficulty to design communication systems. The electromagnetic interference, noise, and signal fading are factors that compromise the traditional communication systems. Consequently, a poor bit error rate (BER), delay spread, and limited rate of receiving data impact the operation of such systems [3]. A potential and feasible solution to mitigate these issues can be found in Visible Light Communication (VLC), which uses visible light to establish the communication link. In this context, and according to the progress and use of operating frequencies of 4G and 5G technologies, it is expected that 6G will operate with frequency bands above 50 GHz. Therefore, the use of VLC-based schemes could be a good option as part of the technologies to be deployed in 6G, since it operates in the range from 430 to 790 THz [4]. There are several advantages of VLC systems over Radio Frequency (RF) communication systems, which also justifies including VLC as part of the enabling technologies to be considered in the upcoming 6G standard. First, the spectrum is unlicensed and has a wide spectral range that would allow it to achieve high data transmission rates. Second, the light itself can be used as both illumination and communication, which achieves a reduction of costs while satisfying the underground mine norms. Third, the communication link is more secure because of the reduced coverage range. Despite these benefits, the environmental roughness of UM provokes several challenges from VLC systems. While the literature of VLC indoor systems is extensive [5], the UM-VLC systems do not consider assumptions that are normally used in VLC indoor systems, such as negligible scattering, perpendicular walls, orthogonal transmitters and receivers, or the lack of shadowing due to mobile objects.