## 3 Results
### Community Characteristics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Period**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Variety**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Sowing Patterns**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **O1** & **O2** & **S1** & **S2** & **M** \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**PAR (\(\mathbf{\mu}\)**mol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\))**} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{June} & A & 248.7 \(\pm\) 68.8 ab & 301.9 \(\pm\) 39.2 a & 168.4 \(\pm\) 30.5 cdefg & 152.4 \(\pm\) 48.7 cfg & 306.9 \(\pm\) 93.8 a \\  & W & 239.0 \(\pm\) 46.2 abc & 206.6 \(\pm\) 36.4 bodef & 129.8 \(\pm\) 64.7 g & 143.7 \(\pm\) 34.2 efg & 217.3 \(\pm\) 63.7 bodef \\  & L & 215.8 \(\pm\) 35.2 bcde & 233.3 \(\pm\) 81.3 abcd & 158.6 \(\pm\) 45.8 deg & 98.9 \(\pm\) 13.4 g & 213.4 \(\pm\) 49.6 bcde \\  & A & 143.4 \(\pm\) 13.1 bcde & 197.7 \(\pm\) 40.6 a & 153.8 \(\pm\) 26.6 bcd & 171.7 \(\pm\) 22.5 ab & 161.6 \(\pm\) 36.2 abc \\  & W & 141.3 \(\pm\) 36.6 bcde & 120.5 \(\pm\) 16.4 defg & 116.2 \(\pm\) 32.8 deg deg & 99.6 \(\pm\) 11.6 g & 157.8 \(\pm\) 49 dcd \\  & L & 120.4 \(\pm\) 21.3 cdefg & 103.1 \(\pm\) 32.2 efg & 108.0 \(\pm\) 27.3 efg & 79.3 \(\pm\) 8.4 g & 139.8 \(\pm\) 17.8 bodef \\  & A & 531.9 \(\pm\) 65.9 ab & 371.5 \(\pm\) 68.7 cd & 443.5 \(\pm\) 66.6 bcd & 341.7 \(\pm\) 89.1 cd & 411.4 \(\pm\) 21.8 bcd \\  & W & 370.2 \(\pm\) 100.1 cd & 568.4 \(\pm\) 120.9 a & 322.3 \(\pm\) 55.2 d & 462.0 \(\pm\) 77.6 abc & 338.7 \(\pm\) 142.1 cd \\  & L & 378.2 \(\pm\) 63.5 cd & 572.4 \(\pm\) 135.8 a & 316.3 \(\pm\) 45.3 d & 425.8 \(\pm\) 81.7 bcd & 511.1 \(\pm\) 80.9 ab \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Community Density (No. of Plants m\({}^{-2}\))**} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{June} & A & 736.8 \(\pm\) 109.0 abc & 766.4 \(\pm\) 166.1 ab & 626.4 \(\pm\) 87.6 bcde & 450.4 \(\pm\) 139.3 e & 524.0 \(\pm\) 131.0 cde \\  & W & 892.0 \(\pm\) 253.2 a & 749.6 \(\pm\) 175.1 abc & 496.0 \(\pm\) 169.2 de & 520.0 \(\pm\) 84.6 cde & 872.8 \(\pm\) 102.7 a \\  & L & 716.8 \(\pm\) 144.7 abcd & 877.6 \(\pm\) 216.1 a & 630.4 \(\pm\) 169.7 bcde & 637.6 \(\pm\) 255.3 bcde & 587.2 \(\pm\) 110.3 bcde \\  & A & 976.0 \(\pm\) 247.3 b & 904.0 \(\pm\) 97.8 b & 1507.2 \(\pm\) 437.5 ab & 1305.6 \(\pm\) 656.3 ab & 881.6 \(\pm\) 156.2 b \\  & W & 1120.0 \(\pm\) 264.6 ab & 926.4 \(\pm\) 289.7 b & 1364.8 \(\pm\) 421.6 b & 1417.2 \(\pm\) 424.5 ab & 988.3 \(\pm\) 356.5 b \\  & L & 1240.0 \(\pm\) 185.5 ab & 1267.2 \(\pm\) 220.4 ab & 1310.4 \(\pm\) 364.9 ab & 1153.6 \(\pm\) 211.2 ab & 986.0 \(\pm\) 201.2 b \\  & A & 1155.2 \(\pm\) 268.1 ac & 1036.8 \(\pm\) 215.6 bcde & 908.0 \(\pm\) 206.8 bcde & 724.8 \(\pm\) 137.7 de & 696.0 \(\pm\) 192.8 e \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Aguest**} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{August} & W & 1192.0 \(\pm\) 307.4 abc & 872.0 \(\pm\) 227.4 cde & 918.4 \(\pm\) 356.1 cde & 912.0 \(\pm\) 153.4 cde & 864.0 \(\pm\) 428.4 cde \\  & L & 1208.0 \(\pm\) 246.3 abc & 1332.8 \(\pm\) 239.4 ab & 980.8 \(\pm\) 137.2 bcde & 1096.0 \(\pm\) 341.8 abcd & 1452.8 \(\pm\) 230.4 a \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Note: data are the means-standard deviation. Within each period, the values followed by different letters are significantly different (\(p<0.05\)). A, algonquin; L, leafy king; W, WL354 HQ, S1 and S2 represent sudangrass at seeding rates of 45 and 60 kg ha\({}^{-1}\), respectively. O1 and O2 represent oat at seeding rates of 60 and 80 kg ha\({}^{-1}\), respectively. M means monoculture.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and community density of all treatments during the growing season. As shown in Table 4 and Figure A3, the community density in mixtures with oat increased with the growing period, except for leafy king-oat at a seeding rate of 60 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) (LO1) and WO2. The community density in mixtures with sudangrass increased in July and then decreased in August. No significant difference was observed among the mixtures in the same period with the respect to community density. The greatest productivity stability at different periods was obtained in LO2, AO1 and WL354 HQ-sudangrass at a seeding rate of 60 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) (WS2) (Table 5).