# i-ISSUES--Industrial-Interoperable Safe and Secure Urban Energy Systems
###### Abstract  
Urban planners are involved in designing future urban energy systems as a part of their path toward decarbonization or Net Zero targets before 2050. In this process, new energy and information flows between industrial and urban regions should be considered, as well as safety and security managerial aspects regarding the existing and new infrastructures. This research aims to help engineering professionals and public planners define new collaboration dynamics to make industrial energy systems safer, more secure, and interoperable, surpassing the existing knowledge. Firstly, several recent R&D aspects are analyzed, demonstrating the organizational gap and providing early integration or knowledge reuse opportunities from R&D projects. After that, the authors present a model called Industrial-Interoperable Safe and Secure Urban Energy Systems (i-ISSUES), a multi-disciplinary approach combining classic urban energy planning, information technology use, safety and security management, and systems engineering as the integrated disciplines. The model detects research trends, providing a first set of readings with some improvements. interoperability; urban energy planning; city resilience; systems engineering; i-ISSUES +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Physics Letters  
1
Footnote 1: email: pasor@iap. As advanced in [6], urban planners are involved in designing future urban energy systems as a part of their path toward decarbonization or Net Zero targets before 2050. The Making-city project and other current research works [7; 8; 9] provide carbon-free energy solutions for Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) and the potential to create sustainable and energy-positive communities. The project established a validated procedure to support the definition of the PED concept, including assessing the technical conditions, which would defined the first demand for engineering work that could be used to include industrial areas in future urban planning until these urban districts reached the condition of being PEDs, with an affordable energy cost and a lower carbon footprint at the same time. On their route towards zero-emission cities, cities rely on trend studies, which provide inventories of actions for achieving renewable energy and cogeneration [10]. Soon, it is foreseeable that these inventories will also include waste heat or solar energy surplus, as these authors state, \"to increase the efficiency of energy systems and reduce the need for additional thermal energy production\". Following this route, new energy and information flows should be considered, including the ones between industrial and urban areas, as well as safety and security managerial aspects regarding the existing and new infrastructures to manage new risks, which will also help to build resilience. PESI, the Spanish Industrial Safety and Security Platform, promotes a framework for integrated safety, security, and resilience [11] that can be applied to any industrial polygon level and cities in general. PESI connects risks and technological solutions regularly. Imagine a city wants to use heat from its sanitation pipes (sewage). To make this heat available to the city, you need a certain reliability. The better the reliability, the less vulnerable events will be to cyberattacks (less secure), and fewer accidents will occur during repairing works (less safe). A better maintenance plan will help, as will designing systems to be more reliable. Zero-emission city planners are already concerned about risks affecting their plans. Still, risk management seems to be out of the scope of allocating safety and security measures [12]. The industrial sector is more familiar with risk management, safety/security management, lifecycle engineering, and digitalization than the public sector. Soon, new public information from industries will be accessible to the public [13], but forecasting the energy demand, space, and infrastructures for energy generation and/or distribution needs will also be challenging to achieve.