# Development and Application of MAGIC-f Gel in Cancer Research and Medical Imaging
## 7 Discussion and Future Works  
MAGIC-f gel dosimeters, with the ability to uniquely measure the distribution of radiation dose in three dimensions, have various specific benefits over other polymer gel dosimeters because of their high thermal stability, low dependence of varying dose rate, energy, and fractionation [35]. Other existing dosimeters which are specially considered in routine clinic, such as ionization chamber, thin-film, and diode arrays, have limited dose-verification application, as they record only in point, one and two dimensions. The MAGIC-f gel has been presented as a prominent method of evaluating dose in various applications, such as tomotherapy devices, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatments, clinical brachytherapy, electron beam therapy, and conformal radiation therapy, where simple to complex dose distribution persisted (Table 1). MRI has been mostly used for the evaluation of the irradiated gel for the absorbed dose measurement. Few studies have been made to enhance the thermal stability, dependence of varying dose rate, energy, and percentage depth dose. There has been some advancement in the dosimetry using MAGIC-f gel. In 2012, [PERSON] et al. conducted experiments proposing different weights of the ingredients in MAGIC-f gel, as proposed by [PERSON] et al. They manufactured the MAGIC-f gel with 3% formaldehyde and showed it as being characterized by high thermal stability, low dependence of varying dose rate, energy, and fractionation. Hence, suitable for three-dimensional dosimetry analysis [35]. Although this study does not discuss the effect of adding more formaldehyde, it would be interesting to know in future the effect of each ingredient's composition in MAGIC-f gel. In another study, [PERSON] et al. showed an increase in the percentage depth dose (PDDs) by embedding gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in the MAGIC-f gel when exposed to high-energy photon beams. In this study, PDDs of the tube containing MAGIC-f gel fabricated based on its standard composition and after adding GNPs with an average \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Studies** & **Environment/Conditions** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Evaluation and** \\ **Comparison Method** \\ \end{tabular} & **Result** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2012 [35] & MAGIC-f gel with 3\% & MRI & \begin{tabular}{c} High thermal stability. \\ Dependence on varying among of dose, \\ dose rate and fractionation is very less. \\ A high similarity was found in the \\ comparison of dose distribution \\ measured from the gel and calculated \\ from the treatment planning \\ system (TPS). \\ \end{tabular} \\ [PERSON] et al., 2019 [87] & \begin{tabular}{c} Gold nano particles (GNP) \\ are embedded in \\ MAGIC-f gel \\ \end{tabular} & MRI and Geant4 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Precentage depth dose (PDD) of GNP \\ embedded MAGIC-f gel is enhanced \\ when exposed to 18 MeV photons. \\ Monte Carlo simulation is more \\ accurate for MAGIC-f gel dosimetry \\ than dosimetry of thermo luminescent \\ (TLD), thus showing its potential in \\ application in nuclear medicine. \\ Qualifies the quality assurance \\ standard of the IMRT treatment system. \\ \end{tabular} \\ [PERSON] et al., 2010 [83] & MAGIC-f gel is exposed to \\ \({}^{131}\)I source. & MRI and \\ PENELOPE &
\begin{tabular}{c} Grain dosimetry of the high \\ gradient source used in \\ clinical brachytherapy. \\ Shows linear relationship to all energies \\ produced by different beams used \\ in radiotherapy. \\ Effective in using small fields, \\ especially in radiosurgery and in \\ dosimetric calculation in conformal \\ radiation therapy. \\ \end{tabular} \\ [PERSON] et al., 2010 [84] & Clinical brachytherapy. & MRI and \\ [PERSON] et al., 2012 [34] & Various Beams used \\ in Radiotherapy & PENELOPE \\ [PERSON] et al., 2010 [87]. & Conformal \\ radiation therapy & PENELOPE and MRI \\  & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of studies on MAGIC-f gel.