## 4 Discussion
### Limitations  
This review had several limitations that warrant consideration. The search was confined to English language publications, excluding significant research published in Polish, particularly in national journals, conference proceedings, and institutional reports. Given that local pilot projects and regional innovations have played a role in the implementation of telemedicine and eHealth in Poland, this language restriction may have overlooked critical contributions. Only peer-reviewed and structured literature indexed in major international databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were included. This approach may underestimate the extent of telemedicine and eHealth development in Poland, especially considering the dynamic contributions of gray literature, unindexed national initiatives, and real-world implementation reports that have not been formally published. It is also important to acknowledge that authors often submit articles to high-impact journals when they believe their work has achieved a significant level of scientific maturity, prompting them to undergo a peer-review process. Although efforts were made to ensure accuracy, some records contained limited metadata or ambiguous methodological descriptors, which may have introduced minor classification errors, particularly in distinguishing between clinical and nonclinical studies or assigning studies to specific medical fields when interdisciplinary overlaps occur. This review encompassed various study designs, populations, and digital tools. Although a narrative synthesis approach accounts for this variability, it limits the ability to conduct meta-analyses or to generate summary effect estimates for outcomes, effectiveness, and adoption rates. Studies were classified as \"COVID-19-related\" based on the presence of keywords and a review of the full article. This may have led to an underestimation of indirect pandemic-related effects, such as changes in healthcare delivery models or accelerated digitization due to crisis-induced changes in healthcare system behavior. Although this study attempted to assess the maturity of telemedicine adoption across specialties, based on trends in research objectives, types of technologies, and integration, a more formalized maturity framework is required to verify these impressions and enable comparisons with international standards for digital healthcare. Future research should focus on methodologies and real-world outcome measures to complement and deepen our understanding of the digital health transformation in Poland. Another limitation of this study was the potential bias in the misclassification of medical specialties assigned to individual publications. Given that many telemedicine and eHealth interventions are multidisciplinary and often overlap (e.g., rehabilitation studies in neurology or geriatrics and cardiology studies involving respiratory assessment), assigning them to a single specialty may oversimplify their scope. While necessary for quantitative trend analysis, this classification approach may not reflect the actual extent of telemedicine integration in related medical fields. The lessons learned from the study of peer-reviewed articles on telemedicine and eHealth in Poland, published between 2014 and 2024, highlight the most significant achievements in the field of telemedicine and eHealth in Poland during that period. Telemedicine has been successfully used to treat patients with many chronic diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, intellectual disability, and chronic heart failure. The technology implemented ensured continuity of care for elderly patients during the COVID-19 pandemic despite limited social contact and access to in-person services for improving psychosocial and mental health. Numerous studies have reported enhanced psychosocial outcomes in patients using telepsychiatry, mobile apps, and digital monitoring tools. Virtual reality (VR) and telemedicine have emerged as promising methods for rehabilitation and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.