### Aims and Objectives  
Generally, the trend in building initial commissioning is that this process is carried out on the holistic building level, in order to evaluate if the envelope is living up to the standards and assess if the predicted consumption is in line with the building regulations. However, when it comes to evaluating and assessing the design and operation of the BACS, then it is either not considered or carried out with minimal resources and a limited level of detail. Obviously, this will lead to missing on evaluating and testing the brain of the building, which connects all different systems and establish a proper interaction of the diffident controls and operation patterns. This highlights the importance of having a user-friendly and comprehensive tool to aid in the decision-making on the energy effective and optimal design and installation of BACS and facilitate the process of auditing and evaluating various building services and the corresponding building smartness. One of the major building domains where an optimal design and operation of the BACS is crucial in the healthcare sector. In this regard, the majority of the healthcare buildings in Denmark are built before the year 2005, and therefore are limited when it comes to the features and functionalities of building automation and control systems [33]. However, the largest share of such buildings is expected to be retrofitted soon [34]. This study is an original initiative dealing specifically with Danish healthcare facilities building automation and control design and functionalities in light of the huge stress exerted by the COVID-19 pandemic on such buildings. The work aims at evaluating and auditing the level of BACS functionalities and capabilities, mainly in providing proper indoor air quality and thermal comfort for staff and patients. To evaluate the BACS levels and functionalities, three case study buildings will be considered, located in different Danish healthcare facilities. Each building is unique in terms of age, use, design, systems, schedules and services. Data about the BACS design and functionalities will first be collected. Then IBACSA instrument will be used to audit the level of automation and control in various building domains in the three buildings and evaluate the impacts against five impact criteria. Based on the base  
Figure 1: Caption of some services associated with the heating system domain in eu.bac system [26].  
case scenario assessment results, three BACS improvement packages are suggested and implemented in IBACSA for each of the three case study buildings. The technical and economic impacts are then reported and assessed, and overall conclusions and notes on the building automation and control levels in the Danish healthcare system are drawn and analyzed.  
This work is the first study carried out in Denmark, shedding light on the current status of building automation and control systems in the healthcare sector to evaluate its capabilities to satisfy proper indoor air quality and thermal comfort requirements. This study is carried out as part of the 'Automated Auditing and Continuous Commissioning of Next Generation Building Management Systems' (BuildCOM) research project, which aims at developing and demonstrating innovative tools for automated building management system auditing and continuous building commissioning [35], providing a basis for a methodical auditing and evaluation process for the design of next generation building management systems.