## 2 Cyclotron-Produced \({}^{68}\)Ga Using a Solid Target
### \({}^{68}\)Ga Production Using a Solid Target with ACSI Cyclotron
They, therefore, recommended using 200-300 mg of hydroxamate resin and 2 mL of 0.75 M HCl as the eluent to limit the iron in the \({}^{68}\)Ga solution. The collected \({}^{68}\)Ga was then diluted with 8 mL of 0.01 M HCl, transferred into the cation exchange resin CUBCX123, and washed with 30 mL of 0.01 M HCl. The final [\({}^{68}\)Ga]GaCl\({}_{3}\) was collected in 12.5 \(\mu\) NaCl 5 M/HCl 5.5 N, with an AMA of 28.3 \(\pm\) 6.8 GBq/\(\mu\)mol [33]. [PERSON] and colleagues [27] performed the dissolution method using 10 M HCl for 5 min. The column used for the separation of target material and formulation was different from [PERSON] and group [33], as depicted in Figure 3. The retention of \({}^{68}\)Ga performed by [PERSON] et al. [27] was 5 g AG\({}^{\circledR}\) 50 WX8 resin. The \({}^{68}\)Ga was then transferred into a UTEVA column for formulation in 0.05 M HCl. Nonetheless, the method performed by [PERSON] et al. [33] resulted in higher AMA, mainly contributed by the low final volume of 12.5 \(\mu\)L of [\({}^{68}\)Ga]GaCl\({}_{3}\). Figure 3: Summary of the steps in the purification of \({}^{68}\)Ga from TR-24 and TR-19 cyclotron [27; 33]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cyclotron** & **Pressed Target Preparation** & **\#Za Mass (mg)** & **Nominal Proton Energy (MeV)** & **Irradiation** & **Saturation Yield (GSb/\(\mu\)A)** & **EOB (GSb)** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\% Total \#Ca and** \#Ga post \# h**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ref.**} \\ \hline  & \({}^{68}\)Zn powder (ISQELEX, San & & & Current: 30 \(\mu\)A & & & & \\  & Francisco, CA, USA) & & & & Time: 30 min & 8.7 & 68.8* & \textless{}2 & [33] \\ TR-19 & Dimension: \(\sim\)10.0 mm & 247 & 14 & & Preton beam & & & & \\  & Thickness: 0.58 mm & & & energy: 17.2 MeV & & & & \\  & Density: 1.43 g/cm\({}^{3}\) & & & & & & & \\ \hline  & \({}^{66}\)Zn powder (ISQELEX, CA, USA) & & & & Current: 30 \(\mu\)A & & & & \\ TR-24 & Dimension: \(\sim\)10.0 mm & 100 & 12.5 & & Time: 37 min \(\text{b}^{-}\) & \(2.4\pm 0.12\) & \(37.5\pm 1.9\) & 0.51 & [27] \\  & Thickness: 0.40 mm & & & Preton beam & & & & \\  & Density: 3.18 g/cm\({}^{3}\) & & & energy: 17 MeV & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{*}\) Taken from entry number 5.\({}^{\circ}\) Taken from the second experiment where irradiation was 2200 \(\mu\)A-min.
* \({}^{*}\) **EOS (GSb)**
* \({}^{*}\) **EOS (GSb/imol)**  
\end{table} 
Table 2: #Ga production using solid target on an Advanced Cyclotron Systems, Inc. (ACSI) Cyclotrons. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Target** & **Separation of Target Material and** & **Formulation** & **Time (min)** & **EOP (GSb)** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\#GaGaCd3**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**EOS (GSb)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**AMA**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ref.**} \\ \hline S-7 M HNO\({}_{3}\) & R: Hydrocomate (200–330 mg) & R: C-UC3213 & & & & & \\ V-1-2 mL & C: acetonitrile (10 mL), water & C: 0.5 mL & C: 0.5 mL & \(\textless{}\) 8 mL & & & \\ Additional: (20 mL), 2 MH (2 mL mL), water & water: per dilution using & (20 mL) & 0.01 M MCH (8 mL) & \textless{}12 & NR & 5 M NaCl/5.5 M & 4.6 \(\pm\) 0.1* & 28.3 \(\pm\) 6.8 & [33] \\ NH\({}_{4}\)HCO\({}_{2}\) (2–25 mL, W: 0.01 MCH (20 mL) & W: 0.01 NCH (20 mL) & & & & & \\ 2.5 M) up pH 2 & C: 2.78 N/ HCl (2 mL) & & & & & & \\ \hline R-5 g of AC\({}^{6}\) SOWX8 resin & R: 50 mg of UTEVA resin & & & & & \\ C: 20 mL of ethanol, 15 mL of 10 M & C:10 mL of ethanol, followed & & & & & \\  & HCI & by 15 mL of 4 NCI & \textless{}30 & \(37.5\pm 1.9\) & 0.05 N HCl (2.5 mL) & NR & 9.5 \(\pm\) 1.3 & [27] \\  & W: 20 mL of 10 M HCl & W: 5 mL of 4 NCI & & & & \\  & E: 20 mL of 4 M HCl & E: 25 mL of 0.05 M HCl & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{*}\) Selection, V: Volume; T: Time; R: Noise; C: Conditioning; L: Load W: W: Study; E: Edition; NE: Not reported. \({}^{*}\) 20 min irradiation at \(-5\mu\)A and Ep \(+14\)M/V.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Dissolution of solid target for TR cyclotron and purification of #GaGaCd3.