## Materials and Methods
UAF was selected to work on CNS1, CNS2, CON1, CON2, CON3, CON4, CONS, SAA2, and SAA4. In addition, UAF provided support to NASA for SAA3 and DAT5. An overhead perspective of the airspace blocks used for TCL3 is shown in Figure 13A; 3-dimensional perspectives of the airspace are shown in Figure 13B,C. UAF's TCL3 flight campaign was conducted during the period of 23 April-30 May 2018. In general, most flights profiles were scheduled to occur within a time block from 1000 to 1400 hrs (local). This sequencing allowed for a mission briefing each morning (0830 hrs) and setup of UAS assets, communications gear and computer networking, conduct of the mission, teardown and recovery, and then conduct of end of day mission debriefings (typically 1500 hrs). The sequencing and details of particular flight days evolved over time as a result of several factors, including coordination between UAF and NASA, experiences learned through the planning process and the developmental flight test campaign, and at times due to resource or personnel availability. Flight plans evolved over the course of the campaign to take advantage of weather conditions, experience gained during operations and shakedown tests, and NASA program desires. A discussion of flights is provided below. CNS1, maintaining control of UA with redundant C2: The purpose of this test was to determine the effect of primary versus secondary communications link timing on UAS performance. For UAF's CNS1 task, two different UAS were to be utilized: (1) At UAF, a F450 quadcopter UAS was tested in two different configurations: (a) two 900 MHz radios and (b) one 900 MHz radio vs. a Long-Term Evolution  
Figure 5:0 (**A**) Flight points for video survey of the Elvey 9 m satellite dish and (**B**) ACUASI Ptarmigan UAS; photo courtesy of [PERSON], News-Miner ©2017. [24]. (LTE) 4G cellular radio. (2) In addition, UAF planned to conduct tests on its newly acquired Griffon SeaHunter UAS either at Alma, Quebec (where the flight test was already scheduled for spring 2018) or at a later time back in the United States. The SeaHunter UAS possesses three separate communications links: 900 MHz radio, 2.4 GHz radio, and iridium satellite communications. Note: This test was later cancelled due to a lack of availability of the SeaHunter during the TCL3 flight campaign. CNS2, remaining within flight geography using GNSS navigation: The purpose of this test was to determine the effect of GPS/GNSS satellite degradation due to masking by natural terrain or man-made objects. For this task, UAF planned to utilize a S1000 octocopter as the flight vehicle and a newly acquired EchoDyne MESA(r)-SSR ground radar as the 'truth source' for the flights. The focus of the task was to determine: (1) the ability to correlate ground radar tracks with UAS position as closely as possible under ideal conditions and (2) determine the effects of degraded GPS/GNSS signals due to terrain features or man-made structures. Note: While UAF was able to complete a valuable analysis and modeling of the GNSS signals at high-latitude, with recent upgrades to both the GNSS constellations and the UAS receivers, the signal degradation never proved significant in the rural terrain or urban city environments tested. CON1, BVLOS landing: The purpose of this test was to demonstrate the ability of a UAS to autonomously conduct a BVLOS landing and subsequent take-off and return to base. This operation was conducted several times in various scenarios, incorporating different locations, distances, and numbers of remote landing/takeoff points. These were conducted, both as primary data collection missions for CON1, as well as supplementary missions added to enrich other scenarios (CON4 and CON5). Figure 14A shows the S1000 octocopter performing a BVLOS landing \(\sim\)1/2 mile from the operator. Figure 14B shows the S1000 after landing in a 2 nd location, again \(\sim\)1/2 mile from the operator.