## 3 Results and Discussion
### Volatile Aroma Compounds
#### 3.2.4. Carbonyl Compounds
It is known that acetoin production exhibits a high degree of variability, depending on the specific yeast strain used in fermentation ([PERSON] et al., 2017). It can be formed through several pathways from pyruvate acid via intermediates such as acetaldehyde, butanedione, and \(\alpha\)-acetolactone. Abbreviations: Co.--compound's code. ID--identification of compounds: S--retention time accordant with that of a pure standard; MS--mass spectra accordant with that from NIST 2.0, Wiley 8, and FFNSC 2 mass spectra databases from electronic libraries or literature; LRI--linear retention index accordant with the index from the literature. Compounds with only MS in the ID column were considered tentatively identified. LLRup--experimental linear retention index; LRIup--linear retention index from the literature. _SCE--Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ (control, pure culture); \(LEV\)--_Lachanca thermotolerans_ (sequentially inoculated; fermentation finished by \(S\). _cerevisiae_ (\(SCE\)) inoculated at 2 vol % ethanol). Different superscript lowercase letters in a row represent statistically significant differences among two investigated wines determined by one-way ANOVA and least significant difference test (LSD) at \(p<0.05\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Co.** & **Volatile Aroma Compounds** & **ID** & **LRup** & **LRIIt** & **\(F\)-Ratio** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Treatment**} \\ \hline  & & & & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(SCE\)} & \(LEV\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_Aldehydes_} \\ AD1 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Heptanal} & MS, LRI & 1184 & 1187 & 99.080 & 4.41 \(\pm\) 0.33 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.57 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ AD2 & Acetaldehyde (mg/L) \(\alpha\) & S & \textless{}1100 & 714 & 31.333 & 18.05 \(\pm\) 1.65 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 11.75 \(\pm\) 1.04 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ AD3 & Isobutanal & MS, LRI & \textless{}1100 & 833 & 3.999 & 0.000 \(\pm\) 0.000 & 0.134 \(\pm\) 0.116 \\ AD4 & Dodecanal & MS, LRI & 1716 & 1713 & 2.826 & 1.24 \(\pm\) 0.64 & 0.61 \(\pm\) 0.06 \\ AD5 & Undecanal & S, MS, LRI & 1608 & 1610 & 1.298 & 0.824 \(\pm\) 0.931 & 0.212 \(\pm\) 0.050 \\ AD6 & 2-Nonreal & MS, LRI & 1543 & 1540 & 1.191 & 0.583 \(\pm\) 0.194 & 0.755 \(\pm\) 0.193 \\ AD7 & Octanal & MS, LRI & 1294 & 1281 & 0.414 & 0.282 \(\pm\) 0.049 & 0.236 \(\pm\) 0.113 \\ AD8 & Nonanal & MS, LRI & 1399 & 1403 & 0.090 & 16.10 \(\pm\) 1.49 & 17.78 \(\pm\) 9.58 \\ AD9 & 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexene- & MS & 1933 & - & 0.085 & 0.171 \(\pm\) 0.008 & 0.174 \(\pm\) 0.016 \\ AD10 & Decanal & S, MS, LRI & 1503 & 1504 & 0.017 & 5.47 \(\pm\) 0.55 & 5.26 \(\pm\) 2.67 \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{_Kotones_} \\ KE1 & 2-Nonanone & S, MS, LRI & 1392 & 1392 & 379.548 & 220.1 \(\pm\) 5.6 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 68.7 \(\pm\) 12.3 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ KE2 & 2-Heptanone & MS, LRI & 1179 & 1181 & 214.055 & 4.82 \(\pm\) 0.35 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.67 \(\pm\) 0.13 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ KE3 & 2-Undecanone & MS, LRI & 1598 & 1598 & 192.430 & 9.90 \(\pm\) 0.76 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.35 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ KE4 & Acetoin & S, MS, LRI & 1282 & 1285 & 85.793 & 8.78 \(\pm\) 0.54 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 12.41 \(\pm\) 0.41 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ KE5 & 2-Dodecanone & MS, LRI & 1710 & 1709 & 29.384 & 0.726 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.491 \(\pm\) 0.026 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ KE6 & 2-Decanone & MS, LRI & 1498 & 1503 & 20.497 & 1.69 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.29 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ KE7 & _p-tert_-Butylcyclohexanone & MS, LRI & 1641 & 1645 & 13.685 & 0.467 \(\pm\) 0.030 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.337 \(\pm\) 0.053 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ KE8 & 3-(Acetoxy)-4-methyl-2- & MS & 1466 & - & 8.470 & 0.332 \(\pm\) 0.031 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.404 \(\pm\) 0.029 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ KE9 & 3-Undecanone & MS, LRI & 1570 & 1586 & 4.738 & 0.329 \(\pm\) 0.036 & 0.264 \(\pm\) 0.037 \\ KE10 & 1-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2- & MS & 1450 & - & 2.247 & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 1.04 \(\pm\) 0.036 \\ KE11 & 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one & MS, LRI & 1345 & 1343 & 0.007 & 0.776 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 0.768 \(\pm\) 0.124 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}