## 4 Experimental Validation of the Procedure
Figure 3: (**a**): \(F_{beam}(\theta,\phi)\) function; (**b**): \(F_{beam}(\theta,\phi)\) function in Region C; the values (in dB) are represented in color scale according to the colorbar shown on the right. The figure shows a fast variation of the function with the angular position of the UE. The statistical approach allows this problem to be mitigated. Figure 2: \(B(\theta,\phi)\) (**a**) and \(T(\theta,\phi)\) (**b**) normalized to their maximum represented in color scale according to the colorbar shown on the right; the three regions in which the CDF is estimated are indicated as colored rectangles; the colors of the rectangles are not related to the colorbar on the right. Figure 5: Span zero measurement of 5G signal in the absence of active users; the six SSBs are clearly visible, with the highest power observed to be \(-44\) dBm; Tracking Reference Signals are also visible after the SSBs [24; 26]. The value obtained from the MPE procedure proposed in this document is plotted as a red square labeled as \"Beam Env\" in the same figure, i.e., Figure 6. The plot shows that the value is above the uncertainty range, giving a conservative estimation of the field level and confirming the validity of the proposed method. For comparison, if we apply MPE without the correction of \(F_{beam}\) (i.e., only considering SSB-related measurements), we have an underestimation of the maximum field level (dark violet diamond labeled \"SSB\" in Figure 6), confirming the importance of a correct estimate of the effect of the traffic beams. It is understood that if the conservative value obtained with the method proposed in this work is higher than the limit set by legislation, more accurate MPE methods must be used to measure the effectiveness of the traffic beam. For completeness, in Figure 6, the results using a number of MPE techniques are shown. These methods are described in detail in [24; 26]. In particular, the results shown in Figure 6 have been obtained using the following methods. (The term SSB-related signals denotes the measurement of the PSS or SSS or PBCH or PBCH-DMRS power using a signal analyzer; or the SS-RSRP value obtained using a signal analyzer, a network scanner, or a 5G cellular phone; or the power of the SSB using a spectrum analyzer in zero-span mode.) 1. SSB: MPE from SSB-related signals without \(F_{beam}\) correction;
2. Beam Env: the method discussed in this paper, i.e., MPE from SSB-related signals corrected by \(F_{beam}\) that is statistically estimated from TERP and BERP using CDF;
3. \(F_{beam}\): MPE from SSB-related signals corrected by measured \(F_{beam}\) value [24];
4. FR: field level estimated by summing the power of all the REs in the frame using data acquired by signal analyzer [26];
5. CSI-RS: MPE from the power of the REs of the CSI-RS using data acquired with a signal analyzer [26];
6. ZS: MPE from the power of the REs measured using a spectrum analyzer in zero-span mode [26];
7. PDSCH CD: MPE from the power of the REs of the PDSCH directly measured in the Code Domain using the data acquired by a signal analyzer [26];
8. CSI-RSRP: MPE reading the CSI-RSRP acquired using a signal analyzer or network scanner [26];  
Finally, as previously pointed out, the two green lines limit the range to which the maximum field value, estimated using Channel Power measurement on fully loaded frames, belongs, with a 95% probability [24]. It is useful to note that the third method (\"Fbeam\", plotted in pink in the figure) refers to the procedure proposed in [24]. This method includes the measurement of \(F_{beam}\). Consequently, we also have an indication of the _actual_\(\sqrt{F_{beam}}\) value, which turns out to be \(\simeq\)6.6. In the present case, the value estimated by means of the proposed method is almost twice the actual value. As a matter of fact, the considered example is the worst case, as we have chosen a measurement point where the variation of \(F_{beam}\) is very fast (see Figure 3). Consequently, the uncertainty of the beam direction is more critical, resulting in a rough upper bound.