# Enhancing Real-Time Video Streaming Quality via MPT-GRE Multipath Network
## 8 Evaluation of Video Streaming Performance
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Index**} & **SSIM** & **SSIM** \\  & **(Single Path)** & **(MPT Tunnel)** \\ \hline
1 & 0.9004 & 0.9804 \\
2 & 0.6344 & 0.9228 \\
3 & 0.6642 & 0.9383 \\
4 & 0.9077 & 0.9877 \\
5 & 0.6520 & 0.9811 \\
6 & 0.8280 & 0.9828 \\
7 & 0.6113 & 0.7931 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of SSIM For 4K videos streaming via the single path and MPT-GRE tunnel. Figure 7: PSNR comparison for different videos streaming via the single path and MPT-GRE tunnel. which means that the MPT tunnel does a better job of preserving the original video's structural integrity. The 95% confidence intervals reinforce this result, as the MPT tunnel's SSIM values range between 0.8763 and 1.0055, compared to the broader and lower range of the single path (0.6215 to 0.8636). This means greater consistency in video quality when using MPT. The paired t-test statistics are \(-\)5.1983, with a \(p\)-value of 0.0020. The low \(p\)-value (<0.05) [29] indicates a statistically significant difference between the two transmission methods. The results support the conclusion that MPT significantly improves video quality compared to single-path transmission, minimizing structural degradation and maintaining visual fidelity. The MSE values in Table 3 highlight performance differences between a single path and the MPT-GRE tunnel in preserving 4K video quality. Higher MSE values generally indicate a greater loss of quality during transmission, while lower values reflect better preservation of the original video. The data suggest that the MPT-GRE tunnel consistently outperforms the single path in limiting error increases. For example, an analysis of the video with index 1 shows a significant difference in video quality between the MPT-GRE tunnel and the single path. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) for videos streamed through the MPT-GRE tunnel is 8.1812, indicating a relatively minor degradation in quality compared to the original video. In contrast, the MSE for the same video transmitted over the single path is 88.1834, demonstrating a substantial increase in error and a noticeable degradation in visual fidelity. Similarly, in the video with index 5, the MSE for the MPT-GRE tunnel is low at 9.1485, which indicates minor distortion and a high level of video quality preservation. In contrast, when the video is streamed over a single path, the MSE increases dramatically to 265.5961, reflecting a significant deterioration in video quality. This improvement further emphasizes the tunnel's capacity to handle high-quality 4K videos, minimizing quality loss even when the original video had low error rates. The analysis of MSE demonstrates a considerable reduction in error when employing the MPT tunnel compared to a single-path transmission. The mean MSE for the single path is 171.0562, whereas the MPT tunnel reaches a significantly lower 27.45, significantly improving video quality. The 95% confidence intervals further highlight this difference. The confidence interval for the single path (88.38 to 253.73) is much broader and higher than that of the MPT tunnel (\(-\)3.60 to 58.49). The negative lower bound in the MPT tunnel's confidence interval means that some variations approach near-zero error, supporting the tunnel's capability to minimize distortion. The paired t-test statistics of 4.34, with a \(p\)-value of 0.00488, confirm that this difference is statistically significant (\(p<0.05\)). This result strongly supports that the MPT-GRE tunnel significantly enhances video streaming quality by reducing distortion and error rates. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Index**} & **MSE** & **MSE** \\  & **(Single Path)** & **(MPT Tunnel)** \\ \hline
1 & 88.1834 & 8.1812 \\
2 & 210.4927 & 92.0566 \\
3 & 261.3947 & 11.4122 \\
4 & 21.9226 & 7.9225 \\
5 & 265.5961 & 9.1485 \\
6 & 165.9958 & 7.1631 \\
7 & 183.8081 & 56.2438 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of MSE For 4K videos streaming via the single path and MPT-GRE tunnel.