## 2 Materials and Methods
### Study Selection, Data Extraction, and Thematic Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Study (Authors,** \\ **Year**) \\ \end{tabular} & **Study Type** & **Setting** & **Methodology** & **Outcomes** & **Suggested Architectural** \\  & & & & & & & **Intervention** \\ \hline
1 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2025) [24]. \\ \end{tabular} & Cohort Study & ICU & \begin{tabular}{c} Monitored sound levels in the \\ ICU, identifying occurrences \\ of noise levels exceeding \\ 87 dBA. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Found ICU noise frequently \\ surpassed recommended \\ thresholds, posing risks for \\ patients and staff. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} General environmental \\ improvements, including noise \\ monitoring, material upgrades, \\ and layout adjustments to \\ reduce sound exposure. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2024) [19]. \\ \end{tabular} & Meta-analysis & NICU & \begin{tabular}{c} Review of RCTs assessing the \\ effects of white noise on \\ preterm infants \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} White noise reduced pain and \\ improved weight gain and \\ vital signs \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} General environmental \\ improvement \\ improvement \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
3 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2024) [15]. \\ \end{tabular} & Scoping Review & Hospital & \begin{tabular}{c} Comparative studies of \\ inpatient nature exposure \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Nature soundscapes aid stress \\ recovery and satisfaction \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Biophilic and acoustic \\ comfort design \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
4 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2024) [25]. \\ \end{tabular} & Empirical Study & Healthcare & \begin{tabular}{c} Conducted sensory mapping \\ and assessed perceived \\ soundscapes in healthcare \\ environments, focusing on \\ natural elements. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Demonstrated that \\ incorporating water features \\ and \\ and \\ lowered patient anxiety and \\ enhanced comfort. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Recommended biophilic and \\ acoustic comfort design, \\ integrating natural sounds and \\ integrating natural sounds and \\ elements into healthcare spaces. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
5 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] (2024) [20]. \\ \end{tabular} & Conceptual Paper & Healthcare & \begin{tabular}{c} Reviewed design principles \\ and used emotional mapping \\ to examine the sensory impact \\ of healthcare environments. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Highlighted that biophilic \\ design elements positively \\ influence emotional perception \\ through improved \\ acoustic experiences. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Recommended incorporating \\ biophilic and acoustic comfort \\ against materials, greenry, and \\ naturalscapes, to enhance user \\ well-being. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
6 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2024) [26]. \\ \end{tabular} & Modeling Study & ICU & \begin{tabular}{c} Design-led acoustic modeling \\ intervention \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Reduced noise transmission and \\ improved acoustic outcomes \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Architectural redesign (e.g., \\ sound-absorbing materials, \\ spatial layout changes) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
7 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON], et al. (2024) \\ \end{tabular} & Systematic Review & \begin{tabular}{c} Impatient \\ Healthcare \\ Settings \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Comprehensive literature \\ review of peer-reviewed \\ studies on built environments \\ in inpatient care \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Identified major research gaps, \\ including the lack of evidence \\ on spatial design and \\ environmental factors (like \\ acoustics) affecting outcomes \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Call for interdisciplinary \\ research; emphasized \\ patient-centered architectural \\ design, incorporating flexible, \\ adaptable, and sensory- \\ sensitive spaces \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}