## 3 Analysis and Results
### Visualization Analysis of Keywords  
(1) Keyword Co-Occurrence  
Keywords encapsulate the main research themes, key content, and technical methods of articles, providing a refined overview of the authors' research focus. Analyzing the knowledge network of keywords helps identify specific research content and trends within a field. In this study, keywords were used as network nodes, and Pathfinder was applied for network path finding and pruning to generate a keyword co-occurrence network, as shown in the Figure 5. Specific keyword information is provided in the Table 6.  
Figure 4: Co-authorship network of journals. Nodes represent journals (size = number of publications) and edges indicate co-citation relationships. Generated using CiteSpace 6.3.R1. Data source: Web of Science Core Collection (2002–2024). Figure 5: Keyword co-occurrence network. Nodes denote keywords (size = frequency) and edges reflect co-occurrence relationships (thickness = linkage strength). The network was pruned with the Pathfinder algorithm and visualized via CiteSpace 6.3.R1. Data source: 212 publications from Web of Science (2002–2024). A total of 313 co-occurring keywords were identified in the research, excluding keywords with ambiguous meanings. The top 10 most frequently co-occurring keywords were \"construction robot\", \"construction robotics\", \"system\", \"construction robots\", \"poverty\", \"design\", \"automation\", \"human-robot collaboration\", and \"model\". \"Construction robot\" and \"construction robotics\" can be seen as different expressions of the same theme, appearing 34 and 33 times, respectively, indicating that they are among the most important research topics in the construction robotics field, frequently appearing in the related literature. The centrality of \"construction robot\" is 0.38, while \"construction robotics\" has a centrality of 0.27, both of which reflect their significance within the academic network. The higher centrality of \"construction robot\" suggests that it connects more subfields in academic discussions and may serve as a bridge to other technologies and applications, such as \"automation\", \"design\", and \"system\". In construction robotics, the high frequency of the keyword \"system\" (31 occurrences) indicates the importance of system integration in the research of construction robots. Whether hardware or software systems, construction robots are complex systems composed of multiple components, and their design, implementation, and optimization have a wide-reaching impact. The centrality of 0.27 for \"system\" shows that it is an indispensable element in construction robotics, connecting multiple research areas, such as robot control systems and construction management systems. \"Poverty\" appears relatively infrequently (17 occurrences, centrality 0.17), but its inclusion in research related to construction robots suggests a direction focused on the application of construction robotics in developing or impoverished regions, advancing the modernization of the construction industry and improving living conditions. Its appearance thereby indicates the social benefits of construction robotics, particularly in reducing poverty and providing job opportunities. The low centrality (0.17) suggests that \"poverty\" has a weaker connection within the construction robotics research network, but it offers an important perspective on the social impact of the field. \"Design\" appears 17 times, with a centrality of 0.14, underscoring the foundational role of design in the development of construction robotics. From hardware design to system design and operational process design, the frequent appearance of \"design\" reflects its importance in the field. The centrality of 0.14 indicates that this theme is strongly connected to related fields, although its influence is somewhat weaker compared to other keywords such as \"construction robot\". The keyword analysis shows that future research in construction robotics will increasingly focus on multidisciplinary integration.