# Simulation Study on an ICT-Based Maritime Management and Safety Framework for Movable Bridges
## 2 System Components  
Every automated system relies on the smart use of alarms, cameras, and sensors that are systematically embedded to enable continuous monitoring, anomaly detection, and autonomous recovery in most cases. Similar automatic detection, warning scheme, and automated recovery are indispensable for the proposed system as well to ensure a flawless operation both on the river and roadside with proper safety protocol for avoiding danger. In this system, two hypothetical boundaries, called Alert Belt and Emergency Belt are introduced in this paper. The Alert Belt is the zone of interest situated at both ends of the bridge where the ship will be continuously monitored from start to end. There will also be a Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) range at both ends for transmitting important communication data during ship location, on-bridge traffic control, and bridge movement. These belts and ranges are marked through sensor- and camera-based self-powered buoys, which consists of a camera for detecting and identifying ships within the route, tracing data, and feeding it back to the bridge control system for determining whether the ship height qualifies to move the bridge. The buoys will also include solar panels with energy storage to obtain power from the sunlight and keep it charged even during the night. Figure 1 shows a generalized layout of how the system components are assumed in the setup. For the system to work in different movable bridges all over the world, two lanes for ships and two lanes for on-bridge vehicles have been considered so that these can be narrowed down to one for single-lane movable bridges by minimizing the components. Ships moving from Point A to Point B or Point C to Point D faces Alert Belt, DSRC range, and Emergency Belt in this particular order. The specialized buoy in each belt establishes communication to three control systems; the ship control systems on the ship, traffic Dollard unit at two ends of the bridge, and the bridge control system on the bridge through DSRC radio communication consisting of DSRC wave boxes, global positioning system (GPS) server, and a communication node connected through cellular networks. The proposed buoys that will be placed in the mentioned locations will consist of antennas for communication purposes, sensor boxes to collect and analyze data, and a mechanical gimbal lock-based camera to capture ship images and compare with the database for the ship details. These buoys are an integration of autonomous weather buoys for an automatic identification system (AIS) [18] and GPS-based calamity detectors [19], with mounted camera systems [20]. The camera is an optional component in the buoy, as  
Figure 1: Generalized layout of the system components used in the proposed scheme. the antenna is sufficient for obtaining ship data from the database from the ship itself, but is considered in this proposed setup for the purpose of generalization. The buoy will obtain power from sunlight using photovoltaic solar panels and battery-based energy systems. Spring-mounted buoys are considered in this context for less movement and turbulence. The sensor box will include a microcontroller unit, GPS module, weather sensors, and a data transmission unit for performing monitoring, calculations, and communication at the same time. Components of the typical camera-based sensor integrated self-powered buoy for the proposed system are illustrated in Figure 2.  
For each lane in the river, three buoys will be used in the Alert Belt, DSRC range, and Emergency Belt. During daylight, the solar panel will store energy and charge the battery storage system for using the power at night. In case of bad weather conditions, the buoys will proceed with data transmission at least, which requires very little battery power to operate. Therefore, even during the case of bad weather, the proposed system is capable of transmitting important data through GPS and cellular services, which can work while offline as well.