# Energy Efficiency Improvement in Reconfigurable Photovoltaic Systems: An Evaluation of Team Systems
## 3 GCPV Systems with Adaptive Sizing Ratio
### Team Concept
\[\frac{P_{UG}}{P_{INV}}+k_{1}\cdot\frac{P_{UG}}{P_{INV}}+k_{2}\cdot\frac{P_{UG }}{P_{INV}^{2}}=\frac{2\cdot P_{UG}}{k_{0}+k_{1}\cdot\frac{2\cdot P_{UG}}{P_{ INV}}+k_{2}\cdot\frac{4\cdot P_{UG}}{P_{INV}}^{2}} \tag{7}\]  
On the other hand, the value of the power threshold (denoted as \(P_{UD}\)) to transition from a PVG formed by one PV array to a PVG formed by two PV arrays with half the power will be calculated from the intersection of the curves of efficiency of the power processor involved, as shown Equation (8). \[\frac{P_{UD}}{k_{0}+k_{1}\cdot\frac{P_{UD}}{P_{INV}}+k_{2}\cdot\frac{P_{UD}}{P _{INV}^{2}}}=\frac{\frac{1/2\cdot P_{UD}}{P_{INV}}}{k_{0}+k_{1}\cdot\frac{1/2 \cdot P_{UD}}{P_{INV}}+k_{2}\cdot\frac{1/4\cdot P_{UD}}{P_{INV}^{2}}} \tag{8}\]  
The solution of Equations (7) and (8) are shown in Equation (9). When the output power of one inverter reaches the value \(P_{UG}\), two PV arrays must be grouped at its input. Additionally, when the output power of one inverter reaches the value \(P_{UD}\), the PV array connected at its input must be divided into two PV arrays. \[P_{UG}=P_{INV}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{k_{0}}{2\cdot k_{2}}}\,\ P_{UD}=P_{INV}\cdot \sqrt{\frac{2\cdot k_{0}}{k_{2}}} \tag{9}\]  
where \(P_{INV}\) stands for the rated power of the used inverters, being \(k_{0}\) and \(k_{2}\), the parameters of the used inverters efficiency curve given in Equation (5). Using the simulation procedure described in Section 2.1 and the reconfiguration thresholds shown in Equation (9), Figure 6 shows the value of the yearly energy efficiency in terms of the number of basic PV arrays available in the considered team-based GCPV  
Figure 5: The three available configurations and the corresponding RS value for a team GCPV system with \(n=4\). (**a**) Configuration used in periods of lower energy production with the highest value of sizing ratio. (**b**) Reconfiguration after exceeding a certain power threshold, which has a lower sizing ratio than the previous configuration. (**c**) Configuration used during the periods of greatest energy production with a smaller value of sizing ratio compared with the two previous configurations. system. The values of \(n\) considered are \(n=1\), \(2\), \(4\), and \(8\) (powers of two), being the case \(n=1\) corresponding to a nonreconfigurable GCPV system. Note that to carry out this simulation procedure, the parameters obtained for the inverters characterized in sections four and five are utilized. These results demonstrate the increase in the annual energy efficiency of the GCPV system with the increase in the number of basic PV arrays (\(n\)). However, the tendency towards saturation in this relationship is also observed. The greatest increase in energy efficiency, \(0.71\%\), occurs when transitioning from a GCPV system with the classical static configuration (\(n=1\)) to the utilization of two PV generators (\(n=2\)). The adoption of four PV generators (\(n=4\)) instead of two results in only a \(0.27\%\) increase in the annual energy efficiency.