# Digital Twins in the Automotive Industry: The Road toward Physical-Digital Convergence
## 2 Utilization Fields and Applications
In this context, a continuously growing number of enterprises has started to utilize digital twin technology. For example, Bosch has supported the technology by creating \"Bosch IoT hub\" along with other products, such as the \"Eclipse Ditto\". Ditto is a tool that assists companies to collaborate, organize, and analyze digital twins. With Bosch subscriptions, this tool bridges the gap between real-world IoT devices and their digital twins. Another proposed product is the \"Eclipse Hono\" that assists in connecting and interacting with large numbers of IoT devices in a single way, regardless of the device's communication protocol [42]. In addition, another major enterprise that closely follows the developments in Digital Twin technology is IBM. Their proposed solutions assist companies to create digital twins and eliminate the various mishaps between design and operation. Data provided in real-time also aid in troubleshooting situations in order to eliminate the product-to-market interval [43]. In another case, Ansys, which is the largest company in the field of finite element analysis, also offers products that allow the compilation of digital twins. Engineering simulations, virtual tests, and innovative product design workflows assist companies in testing new developments in a cost-effective way. The ANSYS well-known simulation tools coupled with digital twin technology assist companies toward introducing optimized products and production lines workflows [44]. In addition, PTC, an American software and computer services company founded in 1985 and headquarered in Boston, Massachusetts, is considered a pioneer in the field. Combined with high-capacity simulation and analytics capabilities, their proposed tools help companies toward incorporating customized and highly optimized products. In addition, PTC regularly provides information on digital twin technology and its case studies [45]. In addition, Oracle is another enterprise involved in this sector. With Oracle, businesses can create digital twins and operate them in a cloud-based user-friendly environment. Oracle additionally introduced digital twin tools for use throughout a product's life cycle, along with products targeted in the IoT sector [46]. A platform developed by Microsoft, named \"Microsoft--Azure Digital Twin\", consists of an integrated solution that allows users to create models of products and processes. By using Azure, enterprises can create spatial intelligence charts that model all the synergies between systems, locations, and individual users. Users can use the tool to create high-scalability, spatial knowledge [47]. In addition, Siemens uses digital twin technology in many cases, such as the \"Digital Enterprise Suite\" tool dedicated to the Defense-in-Depth strategy. By using digital twins, enterprises can have a greater overlook of their R&D processes. This allows for a minimized failure rate percentage and greater versatility in introducing new product lines. The \"Mind Sphere\" platform creates services and processes based on data from the actual production lines, consisting of a remarkable integrated solution [48]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline  & **Digital Twin Application Domains** \\ \hline Smart cities & Combined with the Internet of Things, it can increase the efficient design of a smart city. This can be achieved by reinforcing its financial indicators, improving its management resources, and reducing the environmental impact of each citizen [32; 33; 34; 35] \\ \hline Agriculture & The monitoring of land assets by installing various tools and sensors, i.e., in water, temperature, and humidity, for crop protection, maximization of profits, and reduction of failures [36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 3: _Cont._