## 2 Results
### Identification
xiphioides_, a total of 30 volatile compounds were identified in the floral emissions of both forms of this species. The volatile profile is largely dominated by terpenoids, which are 28 of the 30 compounds identified. Indeed, the first extraction method allowed the isolation of more monoterenes, of which the major ones are limonene (8) and eucalypt (9) for LP-xiphi and \(\beta\)-linalool (13) for HP-xiphi. With the use of higher values of temperature and extraction time, the second extraction method allowed the isolation of higher molecular weight compounds. The major ones are geranyl acetate (18) and nerolidol (27) for LP-xiphi and indole (55), nerolidol (27), and denderalisin (28) for HP-xiphi. Among the compounds identified in both forms of _T. xiphioides_, only indole (55) and methyl palmitate (63) are present in the HP-xiphi form and not in the LP-xiphi form. For _T. crocata_, 47 volatile compounds were identified in the floral emissions of both forms of this species. This completes the list of seven VOCs, consisting of benzaldehyde (33) (3%), benzyl acetate (37) (9%), eucalypt (9) (16%), limonene (8) (3%), methyl salicate (38) (2%), \(E\)-\(\beta\)-ocimene (10) (48%), and phenylethyl acetate (39) (8%), identified by [PERSON] and [PERSON] in 1991 [15]. In contrast to _T. xiphioides_, where no compounds of the phenylpropanol family were identified, for _T. crocata_, these compounds are very present. Indeed, phenylproponoids are secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine by the shiximate biosynthetic pathway. Only compounds forming an aldehyde, an alcohol, or an alkane/alkene by reduction at C9 position, or ethers and esters by addition of an alkyl group on hydroxyl groups or carboxyl group, can be volatile [16]. Thus, among the identified compounds, the first extraction method allowed us to isolate mainly benzyl acetate (37), phenylethyl acetate (39), eucalypt (9), and limonene (8) for the yellow _crocata_ and limonene (8) and eucalypt (9) for the orange _crocata_. The second extraction method allowed us to isolate more compounds and the major ones are farnesol (30), phenylethyl acetate (39), isoeigenpol (45), methyl nicotinate (54), benzyl acetate (37), \(\beta\)-farnesene (23), and farnesyl acetate (32) for yellow _crocata_ and benzyl benzoate (48), methyl nicotinate (54), eugenol (42), farnesol (30), benzyl salicate (50), and methyl eugenol (43) for orange _crocata_. Moreover, for the species _T. crocata_, some VOCs are present only in one of the two  
Figure 1: Chromatographic separation was carried out on a DB-5 MS column, and the extraction were performed with CAR/PDMS fiber for 65 min at an extraction temperature of 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C. (**A**) TIC of orange _crocata_. (**B**) TIC of yellow _crocata_. (**C**) TIC of _T. caliginosa_. (**D**) TIC of LP-xiphi. (**E**) TIC of HP-xiphi. For chromatograms obtained using the first extraction method (low values of temperature and extraction time), see Figure S1 in the Supplementary Material. The identification numbers correspond to those shown in Table 2.  
forms of _crocata_, such as \(\alpha\)-bergamotene (22) and benzyl acetate (37), which are present only in yellow _crocata_, as well as \(\alpha\)-thujene (1), \(\beta\)-pinene (5), geraniol (16), cinnamyl acetate (44), phenethyl salicate (51), and methyl palmit (63) have been identified only in orange _crocata_. For _T. caliginosa_, 43 volatile compounds were identified for the first time in floral emissions. The volatile profile is quite similar to that of the species _T. crocata_; however, there are fewer sesquiterpenes, which are only five in _T. caliginosa_, and the compounds belonging to the 'others' family are more numerous in _T. caliginosa_ than in _T. crocata_ and in _T. xiphioides_. The first extraction method allowed us to isolate mostly limonene (8), eucalypt (9), and phenylethyl acetate (39), while the second method allowed us to extract mostly hexadecyl ethanoate (66), 1-hexadecanol (61), phenylethyl acetate (39), and methyl nicotinate (54) from the flowers of _T. caliginosa_.