## 3 Results
### PEST Analysis
#### 3.1.1 Political-Legal Aspects  
* Norms and Regulations  
In Brazil, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA) is responsible for the registration, classification, standardization, control, inspection, and regulation of beer [25]. Decree No. 9902 of 8 July 2019, amends Decree No. 6871 of 4 June 2009, which regulates Law No. 8918 of 14 July 1994, concerning the standardization, classification, registration, inspection, production, and regulation of beverages. According to Brazilian \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Aspects** & **Relevant Information** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Political–Legal} & MAPA regulations (Decree 9902/2019, Law 8918/1994) & Product safety, quality, and standardization. & Bureaucracy may limit innovations. \\  & define the composition and standardization of beer. & & \\  & Mandatory registration in & Automatic registration via & Barriers to new ingredients \\  & SIPEAGRO for & SIPEAGRO if all & and risk of registration \\  & commercialization. & requirements are met. & cancelation. \\  & Existing general food safety & & \\  & and labeling regulations apply, & Clarity on food safety and & Ambiguity can delay \\  & but no specific norms for & labeling standards. & approval processes and \\  & upcycled ingredients. & & hinder innovation. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Economic–Natural} & The specialty beer market is & Cost reduction and & Intense competition with \\  & growing. & revenue generation. & large breweries. \\  & Brazil has high mango & & \\  & production but faces 30–50\% & Stimulates the circular & Logistical challenges for \\  & waste. & economy and innovation. & waste collection and \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Sociocultural} & Consumers value & & \\  & sustainability and innovation. & Market differentiation. & of unconventional \\  & There is increasing demand & & \\  & for functional beverages. & Alignment with global & \\  & & trends of conscious & strategies and consumer \\ \cline{1-1} \multirow{4}{*}{Technological–Sectoral} & Advances in biotechnology & & \\  & allow better utilization of & & \\  & mango waste. & & \\  & Potential for application in & & \\  & functional foods, cosmetics, & Utilization of beneficial & \\  & and bioenergy. & bioactive compounds. & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of the PEST analysis examining the political–legal, economic–natural, sociocultural, and technological–sectoral factors influencing the integration of mango waste into brewing. The table highlights key advantages and disadvantages associated with each dimension. legislation, Article 36 of the aforementioned Decree states: \"Beer is the beverage resulting from fermentation, using brewing yeast, of word made from malted barley or malt extract, previously subjected to a boiling process with the addition of hops or hop extract, in which part of the malted barley or malt extract may be partially replaced by brewing adjuncts\" [26]. Additionally, beer may include plant-based ingredients, animal-derived ingredients, processing aids, and additives, as regulated by specific legal provisions. Moreover, any brewing adjuncts and other ingredients added to the beer must be listed on the product label, following the specifications established by the Minister of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply [26]. Malted or unmalted grains may be used as brewing adjuncts, provided that they do not exceed 45% of the original extract. Other food ingredients considered adjuncts include honey, plant-based ingredients, starch sources, and sugars suitable for human consumption, which must not exceed 25% by weight relative to the original extract [27; 28]. According to legal definitions, completely substituting any of the four main ingredients alters the product's classification, making it \"beer-like\" [8]. To market new peers, they must be registered in the Integrated System of Agricultural Products and Establishments (SIPEAGRO) of MAPA.