# Intent to Adopt Location Sharing for Logging Safety Applications
## 1 Introduction
Such fatal injuries are more likely on partially-mechanized operations, which rely on ground workers rather than machines for manual tree falling and possibly also delimbing [15]. While mechanization increases protection from limbs and logs for machine operators enclosed in a cab, exposure risk is increased for ground crew who work alongside these machines, especially for individuals at the landing who may come in contact with moving logs as well as loaders, skidders, and log trucks [15; 18; 19; 20]. Fatal injury risks are also high for hand fallers, who use chainsaws to cut trees on terrain generally too steep for machinery other than emerging cable-assisted (tethered) systems. Fallers work in relatively isolated conditions but still face mechanical and environmental hazards, such as chainsaws and falling trees or limbs [15; 16; 18; 21]. Due to the distance between fallers and other co-workers, injury occurrence and location may not be immediately known. LS technology could increase team situational awareness on logging operations and facilitate both injury prevention and response. For instance, LS devices with help alerts would allow isolated individuals to notify coworkers or off-site response services of an emergency. In cases of incapacitation, automatic position updates may help coworkers notice when an individual might require aide. In both cases, geographic coordinates are shared to assist response efforts. Automatic position updates used in conjunction with geofences could also augment awareness of worker positions relative to hazardous areas or equipment for injury prevention. For example, recently-introduced LS systems targeted toward the cable logging industry in New Zealand enable yarder operators to check the positions of crew on the ground and receive alerts when those workers have moved into dangerous work spaces (Logsafe GPS Monitoring, Blockhouse Bay, Auckland, New Zealand) [22]. Recent research has explored LS-based solutions for improving logging safety, assessing field operation of devices [23; 24; 25] and evaluating logger perceptions of the technology [26]. In a study by [PERSON] et al., interviewed Idaho loggers recognized the value of LS but also proposed several potential drawbacks. They cited concerns over privacy, dependence, distraction, high learning curves, and risk behavior [26]. Loggers also suggested that devices may simply not be used even if available. The extent to which LS may be used on logging operations has not been quantified previously; thus, in the present study we aimed to investigate the likelihood that Idaho loggers will adopt LS-based practices and thereby refine our understanding of location sharing's role in logging safety. To guide our assessment of self-predicted LS adoption, we employed the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), a psychological theory that emphasizes the role of intention in human behavior. According to the TPB, and its predecessor the Theory of Reasoned Behavior, intent drives individuals to exert more effort into completion of an action, increasing the likelihood a behavior will occur [27]. Surveys employing the TPB typically phrase intention as _I will_, _I expect_, or _I intend_[28; 29]. Intention is influenced by three factors: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. First, attitude encompasses beliefs concerning a behavior [27]. TPB studies evaluate attitude by identifying potential behavioral outcomes, such as likelihood of occurrence, and assessing outcome value or desirability [28; 29; 30]. Value may be instrumental, based on qualities like usefulness, or may be experiential, such as pleasantness [29]. The second factor, subjective norms, accounts for the social pressure one feels to behave a certain way [27]. Normative pressure in the TPB can be either injunctive, in which an individual is motivated by what others _think_ should be done, or descriptive, in which one is influenced by what others _do_[28; 29; 30].