## 3 Results
### Emitter Discharges  
Emitter discharge (\(q_{e}\)) varied greatly across the Agri-Parks with Soshanguve showing much lower values in comparison to the others (Figure 3). Performance in terms of the overall average \(q_{e}\) decreased in the order Tarlton > Westonaria > Rooiwal > Soshanguve with respective \(q_{e}\) values of 1.42 \(\pm\) 0.02, 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.07, 1.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 and 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.01 L h\({}^{-1}\). Therefore, the average \(q_{e}\) for Tarlton was the most significant, while that for Soshanguve was the least significant. There was no significant difference in the average \(q_{e}\) between Rooiwal and Westonaria.  
The \(q_{e}\) also varied along the drip lines at each Agri-Park; however, the differences were not always significant. The trend of \(q_{e}\) along the drip lines varied from one Agri-Park to the other. Rooiwal exhibited a general increase in \(q_{e}\) along the drip lines culminating in the highest \(q_{e}\) at L\({}_{3/4}\) (1.15 \(\pm\) 0.03 L h\({}^{-1}\)) and L (1.15 \(\pm\) 0.01 L h\({}^{-1}\)), which were not significantly different (Figure 3A). The lowest q\({}_{e}\) occurred at L\({}_{0}\) (1.06 \(\pm\) 0.04 L h\({}^{-1}\)); however, it was not significantly different from L\({}_{1/4}\) (1.08 \(\pm\) 0.00 L h\({}^{-1}\)) and L\({}_{1/2}\) (1.08 \(\pm\) 0.01 L h\({}^{-1}\)). Soshanguve showed a general decrease in \(q_{e}\) from the inlet to the middle of the drip lines followed by an increase in the downstream direction (Figure 3B). However, the differences of \(q_{e}\) were not significant with values varying from 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.11 L h\({}^{-1}\)for L\({}_{1/2}\) to 0.59 \(\pm\) 0.11 L h\({}^{-1}\) for L\({}_{0}\).  
Figure 3: Mean emitter discharges for the different areas of drip lines at (**A**) Rooiwal, (**B**) Soshanguve, (**C**) Tarlton, and (**D**) Westonaria. Bars accompanied by similar letter in each subfigure were not significantly different at \(p<\) 0.05.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Section**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{_CE (\%)_} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Rooiwal** & **Soshanguve** & **Tarlton** & **Westonaria** \\ \hline Main pump–Tank & 94 & 86 & 83 & 89 \\ Tank–Booster pump & 97 & 99 & 91 & 98 \\ Booster pump–Filter unit & 93 & 99 & 94 & 73 \\ Filter unit–Manifold & 92 & 81 & 93 & 96 \\ Overall _CE_ (\%) & 78 & 68 & 66 & 61 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Conveyance efficiency (_CE_) for irrigation infrastructure components at the Agri-Parks, Gauteng province (February–March 2021).  
In contrast, Tarlton's \(q_{e}\) increased from L0 to L1/4 and then decreased to L1/2 followed by an increase (Figure 3C). The highest \(q_{e}\) (1.59 \(\pm\) 0.12 L h\({}^{-1}\)) occurred at L1/4 and the lowest at L1/2 (1.27 \(\pm\) 0.07 L h\({}^{-1}\)), which were significantly different. The \(q_{e}\) for the other measurement positions on the drip lines were not significantly different. Westonaria exhibited a general decrease in \(q_{e}\) in the downstream direction (Figure 3D); however, there was no significant differences among the \(q_{e}\). Therefore, the highest \(q_{e}\) (1.40 \(\pm\) 0.31 L h\({}^{-1}\)) occurred at L0 and the lowest at L (0.83 \(\pm\) 0.34 L h\({}^{-1}\)).