## 5 Conclusions
### Scope and Challenges
Figure S7: Density contour plot of summer monsoon wind at 850 hPa during June when, SST anomalies of the Western Indian Ocean (a,d), Northern Indian Ocean (b,e), and Central Indian Ocean (c,f) demonstrated positive (upper) and negative (lower) variations. Colouration indicates the density estimate of wind speed anomalies, which are statistically significant and the arrows indicate the wind direction. Figure S8: Shows the correlation of SIF anomalies with NINO3 SST anomalies during June at (i) lag 0, (ii) lag 1, (iii) lag 2, (iv) lag 3, and (v) lag (iv), and (vi) lag 5. Statistically significant correlation coefficient (\(p\)-value \(<\) 0.05, \(r\)-value \(>\) 0.5) is depicted and other values are masked out. (Software used: Python version 3.7 (2019), [[https://www.python.org/](https://www.python.org/)]([https://www.python.org/](https://www.python.org/)), accessed on 20 April 2022). Conceptualization, R.V., M.D.B., and S.K.B. ; Formal analysis; Methodology, R.V., M.D.B., and S.K.B. ; supervision, S.K.B. and M.D.B. ; Writing--original draft, R.V. ; writing--review and editing, S.K.B. and M.D.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. The GOSIF is available at Global Ecology Group's data repository on reasonable request ([[http://data.globalecology.unh.edu/](http://data.globalecology.unh.edu/)]([http://data.globalecology.unh.edu/](http://data.globalecology.unh.edu/)) (accessed on 16 March 2021)). The OISST dataset is collected from National Centers for Environmental Information ([[https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/sea-surface-temperature-optimum-interpolation/v2/access/avhrr-only/](https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/sea-surface-temperature-optimum-interpolation/v2/access/avhrr-only/)]([https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/sea-surface-temperature-optimum-interpolation/v2/access/avhrr-only/](https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/sea-surface-temperature-optimum-interpolation/v2/access/avhrr-only/)) (accessed on 19 May 2021)). Rainfall data is available at the official site of the India meteorological department ([[https://www.imdpune.gov.in/Clim_Pred_LRF_New/Grided_Data_Download.html](https://www.imdpune.gov.in/Clim_Pred_LRF_New/Grided_Data_Download.html)]([https://www.imdpune.gov.in/Clim_Pred_LRF_New/Grided_Data_Download.html](https://www.imdpune.gov.in/Clim_Pred_LRF_New/Grided_Data_Download.html)) (accessed on 6 August 2021)). Wind components are obtained from the C3S climate data store ([[https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsappp#](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsappp#)]([https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsappp#](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsappp#))!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels-monthly-means?tab=form (accessed on 23 May 2021)). Soil moisture, specific humidity and air temperature datasets are accessed via Giovanni ([[https://giovami.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovami/](https://giovami.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovami/)]([https://giovami.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovami/](https://giovami.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovami/)) (accessed on 10 May 2021)). Both Nino 3 SST index and dipole mode index were collected from climate time series developed by the GCOS surface pressure working group ([[https://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/](https://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/)]([https://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/](https://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/)) (accessed on 28 June 2021)). We thank [PERSON] and [PERSON] for providing GOSIF data. We would like to thank NOAA, ECMWF, IMD, GMAO and LDAS for providing climate data used in this study. No external funding was received for the present work. We also thank anonymous reviewers and editors for their kind comments and suggestions. The authors declare no conflict of interest.