## 1 Introduction  
A reliable Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) uses a probabilistic design approach to achieve performance objectives ([PERSON] and [PERSON] [1], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2], and [PERSON] et al. [3]). However, PBSD is implemented for routine design using simplified design methods like the displacement-based design and force-based design. This is due to the complex nature of the probabilistic design approach and scarcity of data on experiments, fragility curves, cost functions, damage states, and so on. Currently, the displacement-based design is found to be a better choice than force-based design since problems with force-based design have been clearly identified by [PERSON] [4], and damage is correlated with displacements (strains) than forces (stresses). Various displacement-based design methods have been developed, which can be categorized into two types ([PERSON] and [PERSON] [1]). The first type, discussed in [PERSON] [5] and Applied Technology Council(ATC)-40 [6], uses force-based design and checks whether allowable displacements are exceeded. The second type uses allowable displacements at the start of the design process ([PERSON] [4], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [7], and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [8]). While the above displacement-based methods are proposed for general design purposes, many more were devised for a specific type of lateral-load resisting system concentrating on higher-mode and/or torsional effects and are discussed briefly below. [PERSON] [9] proposed a seismic design procedure, which is applicable for buildings that can be analyzed using the equivalent static method. The procedure must be extended for multi-story systems with setbacks and regular asymmetry as defined by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10]. The effect of higher modes on the seismic demand is also not addressed. [PERSON] [11] devised a displacement-based seismic design procedure for RC planar wall-frame buildings and plan-asymmetric wall buildings. The design is improved by multimode pushover analysis so that seismic demands from first- and higher-modes are not exceeded. In the study, NTHA outputs show that displacements are overestimated while story shears are reasonably accurate. There are various efficient methods of seismic design verification that consider explicitly the nonlinear torsional and higher-mode effects by [PERSON] [12], [PERSON] [13], [PERSON] et al. [14], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [16], and [PERSON] et al. [17] to cite a few. Further literature on seismic design verification procedures is discussed in detail by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18]. Based on one of the available procedures (i.e., using the modal pushover analysis principle by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [19]), [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] developed design methods termed as modal pushover design and direct modal pushover design. The methodologies were tested for one-way asymmetric wall buildings for which modal coupling due to yielding is insignificant. Both methods, in addition to being computationally intensive, produce a conservative estimate of drifts in some walls because the design process is governed by a given story's allowable drift or wall curvature. The aforementioned shortcomings were minimized by the authors in their proposed design method called practical modal pushover design [21]. It is based on an inverse process of practical modal pushover analysis by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22]. Other steps are the same as the modal pushover design and direct modal pushover design. Though computationally less intensive, its performance is less than a modal pushover design. The authors recommended that the shear actions obtained using the method be amplified by the flexural reinforcing steel over-strength factor. Furthermore, the frame-section's shear capacities incorporate the material strength reduction factors. [PERSON] [23] presented a preliminary seismic design method for low and medium height RC wall-frame buildings accounting for the torsional response.