## 4 Results and Discussions
### Timestep Analysis  
The session is the independent variable that is analyzed through both PR and NBR to test whether there is any impact of the timestamp on SE or not. We performed multiple experiments regarding timestamps to analyze the impact of a session on SE or lack thereof. The results of the experiments are listed in Table 5.  
Figure 8: Single frame from testing video. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Experiments** & **Independent Variable** & **Dependent Variable** & **Results** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & Class A: MorningMale (1) vs. & \multirow{3}{*}{Session} & \multirow{3}{*}{Engagement} & \multirow{3}{*}{No significant impact} \\  & EveningMale (0) students with & & & \\  & engagement & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & Class A: MorningMale (1) vs. & \multirow{3}{*}{Session} & \multirow{3}{*}{Non-Engagement} & Male students decrease \\  & EveningMale (0) students with & & & non-engagement in the \\  & non-engagement & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{3} & Class B: MorningMale (1) EveningMale (0) students with engagement & & & Male students increase \\  & (0) students with engagement & & & engagement in the \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4} & Class B: MorningMale (1) EveningMale (0) students with non-engagement & & & Male students decrease \\  & Class A: MorningFemale (1) vs. & \multirow{3}{*}{Session} & \multirow{3}{*}{Non-Engagement} & Male students decrease \\  & EveningFemale (0) students with & & & non-engagement in the \\  & non-engagement & & & morning session \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{5} & Class A: MorningFemale (1) vs. & \multirow{3}{*}{Session} & \multirow{3}{*}{Engagement} & \multirow{3}{*}{No significant impact} \\  & EveningFemale (0) students with & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{6} & Class A: MorningFemale (1) vs. & \multirow{3}{*}{Session} & \multirow{3}{*}{Non-Engagement} & \multirow{3}{*}{No significant impact} \\  & EveningFemale (0) students with & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & non-engagement & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: List of all experiments with respect to timestamp. Figure 7: Detected engaged frames from testing video. The details of experiments that had a significant impact on engagement or non-engagement are explained below. Case 1: The first experiment is performed in which all the students of the morning session are compared with all students of the evening session with respect to engagement. **Null Hypothesis:**_The session does not have any impact on engagement_. In this analysis, we took session as an independent variable and engagement as the dependent variable. By analyzing the Z-value (2.42), we concluded that there was a positive impact of the session on the engagement of students with 95% acceptance. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected because it fell in the acceptance region. So, there is a significant impact such that morning students increase their engagement as compared to evening students, as shown in Table 6. NBR also verified the results of PR. Furthermore, the diagnostic test also confirms that our model fits the collected data. \[\text{Eng}=3.447+0.1011\text{ Session} \tag{7}\]  
Case 2: The second experiment is performed in which all the students of the morning session are compared with all students of the evening session with respect to non-engagement. **Null Hypothesis:**_The session does not have any impact on non-engagement_. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Independent Variable** & **Dependent Variable** & **Const.** & **Coefficient** & **Std. Err** & **Z Value** & **Prob** & **Test** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Session} & \multirow{2}{*}{Non-engaged} & 2.782804 & \(-\)0.1842965 & 0.0639207 & \(-\)2.88 & 0.004 & PR \\ \cline{3-7}  & & 2.782804 & \(-\)0.1842965 & 0.0677216 & \(-\)2.72 & 0.007 & NBR \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: All morning (1) vs. all evening (0) students with engagement.