# The Latest Advances in Wireless Communication in Aviation, Wind Turbines and Bridges
## 4 WSN Systems in Different Applications: Aerospace, Bridge Structures, and Wind Turbines
### WSN in Wind Turbines
#### 4.3.4 Best Practices for Cellular SCADA Solution Design and Implementation  
Cellular WAN technologies have been implemented by energy suppliers into power transmission and distribution systems over the last few years. In this respect, the industry has introduced a number of \"best practice\" design guidelines. The implementations of wireless SCADA can provide utilities, power equipment manufacturers and other industry stakeholders with the best results when following these guidelines [89].  
It becomes critical to choose devices which build intelligence into the system endpoints. Operators of IT should have access to many options, which should be configurable over-the-air, in order to control, maintain, and manage devices from their current location. More intelligence of the endpoint is directly related to the device's total cost. However, it is extremely important and useful to enable reconfiguration and update of devices remotely. Endpoints should provide [89]:  
* Session persistence intelligence. The system ought to be focused on maintaining the connection in all conditions. Should a device be even knocked off the network, it should persistently seek the way to get back on the network. Watchdog timers and data retry algorithms should be employed by devices in order to assure stable presence on the network.
* Flexibility to operate with legacy equipment. Search for wireless devices that offer support for older machine protocols (e.g., Modbus, DNP3, TCIP, Bristol Babcock, etc.). Packet Assembly Disassembly (PAD) should be performed by wireless solutions. Possibility of receiving data in the form of a legacy protocol, and transmitting these over the cellular network. The same procedures should be available on the receiver end of the system.  
* Effective security. Any wireless solution provides baseline security features. However, for SCADA communication applications, it is required to search for wireless products which exceed the present state of the art. Endpoints should support virtual private networks (VPNs) that can be managed with the same remote management tools. In addition, an embedded firewall should be incorporated in the ideal wireless gateway.  
Energy suppliers should also seek out products of the highest quality and contain the newest technologies' achievements. These should meet the highest requirements for robustness and manageability:  
* Choose solutions of the highest reliability. For instance, cellular equipment housing ought to be solid aluminum, instead of folded sheet metal or plastic.
* Built-in wireless modules in used products. Such devices are characterized by far better ruggedness and tamperproofness in comparison to traditional equipment. Utilities with embedded wireless usually have better remote management functionality.
* Over-the-air upgradable solutions, via software patches. As it is, energy suppliers do not wish to have maintenance burdens every time they want to change the data collecting frequency or update firmware. IT managers need to be capable of downloading new features and patches over the air.
* Choose experienced vendors of wireless equipment to ensure a long lifetime of SCADA equipment. Energy suppliers need to be sure that wireless vendors are capable of supporting the wireless technology for longer than a few years. Search for wireless vendors who have certified devices in multiple markets worldwide, for power transmission and systems distribution.