# Dispatching Strategy for Low-Carbon Flexible Operation of Park-Level Integrated Energy System
###### Abstract  
In the face of the dual crisis of energy shortages and global warming, the vigorous development of renewable energy represented by wind-solar energy is a significant approach towards achieving energy transition, carbon peaking, and carbon neutrality goals. Targeting the park-level integrated energy system (PIES) with high penetration of wind-solar energy, we propose a day-ahead dispatching strategy that takes into account the flexible supply and the reward-punishment ladder-type carbon trading mechanism (RPLTCTM). Firstly, RPLTCTM and carbon capture equipment (CCE) are considered in the dispatching model, and the mechanism of coordinated operation of CCE and RPLTCTM is explored to further improve the system's ability to restrain carbon emissions. Secondly, power-based flexibility indicators (PFIs) are adopted to quantitatively evaluate the flexibility supply, and based on the load demand response characteristics, the dispatchable resources on the load side are guided to improve the system's operation flexibility. On this basis, a multi-objective optimal dispatching model that takes into account the carbon emission cost, energy cost, and flexibility supply are constructed, and the original problem is transformed into a mixed-integer single-objective linear problem through mathematical equivalence and flexibility cost. Finally, simulation examples validate that the economy, flexibility, and low-carbon level of the dispatching plan can be synergistically improved by the proposed strategy. park-level integrated energy system (PIES); reward-punishment ladder-type carbon trading mechanism (RPLTCTM); carbon capture equipment (CCE); power-based flexibility indicators (PFIs) +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
The core of PIES is the holistic allocation and complementation of energy, which can fully facilitate the production and consumption of energy while improving the economic efficiency of the system. There has been growing research on the optimal dispatching of PIES in recent years. A dynamic model of natural gas flow characteristics and linearized natural gas models was proposed in [11] through the method of characteristics. Simulation results showed that this method can effectively improve the utilization rate of new energy. In [12], a two-stage robust optimization model for integrated energy systems was constructed based on an uncertain environment to reduce interaction fluctuations between the system and the main grid while improving integrated energy systems' adaptability to renewable energy sources. In terms of low-carbon research, the development of carbon capture technology and the proposal of a carbon trading mechanism provided solutions for low-carbon operation of integrated energy systems, which have been extensively studied in the existing literature. A Stackelberg game model for integrated energy systems containing carbon capture devices verified such devices' ability to reduce carbon emissions of the systems, which was proposed in [13]. In [14], an operation model of carbon capture plants with storage tanks was proposed to verify their advantages in promoting wind power consumption and reducing carbon emissions. In [15], a low-carbon economic model of integrated energy systems considering stepped carbon trading was proposed. Their analysis of simulation examples showed that the carbon emissions and operating costs of the system were significantly reduced under the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism. Based on the same mechanism, [16] constructed a reward-punishment carbon trading cost model to constrain the system's carbon emissions. The simulation verified RPLTCM's ability to constrain the system's carbon emissions. The aforementioned references demonstrate that both CCE and RPLTCM can effectively reduce a system's carbon emissions. Nevertheless, the inherent synergistic operation mechanism of CCE and RPLTCM has been explored less in the existing literature. The concept of system operation flexibility has been defined by institutions, such as the International Energy Agency.