## 4 Conclusions  
The vulnerability index has the potential to be a powerful tool as it summarises the complexity of vulnerability and provides a quantitative metric to compare the vulnerability of flood-prone areas at the neighbourhood level. Analysing flood vulnerability at this local scale is important because flood risk assessment should also use high-resolution spatial data. It is also easy for decision-makers to understand it because it can be mapped.  
The methodology proposed has the advantage to include in the decision multiple expert opinions, consulted by online survey, which can be a less time-consuming activity rather than attend to several meetings to achieve consensus. In addition, the expert responses are weighted in the final score by a mathematical method, allowing the decision to be more realistic valuing the experts who demonstrated to be more consistent.  
The GIS-AHP-GDM was useful for assessing flood vulnerability, considering either the community's resilience or exposed elements. The AHP, based on expert knowledge of flood vulnerability analysis, was suitable for weighting the selected multi-criteria and decision-making to access vulnerability in flood-prone areas. These flood vulnerability maps can be used in combination with predicted flood hazard maps to support decision-making by authorities to improve flood preparedness and response.  
Despite the uncertainties related to the difficulties that some experts may have experienced in answering the questionnaire, which are limitations (since validation was limited to areas where prior knowledge exists) and constraints related to gathering a heterogeneous group, this approach may encourage further conceptual and applied development of GIS-AHP-GDM for flood vulnerability assessment.  
Figure 9: Detailed criteria map for the flood-prone area of Coimbra (Mondego River): (**a**) Population criterion of flood vulnerability; (**b**) Socio-economic criterion of flood vulnerability; (**c**) Buildings criterion of flood vulnerability; (**d**) Exposed elements criterion of flood vulnerability.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, S.M.; methodology, S.M., P.F. and M.M.; data curation, S.M. and P.F.; formal analysis, writing--original draft preparation, S.M., P.F., L.G.P. and M.M.; writing--review and editing, S.M., P.F., L.G.P. and M.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work was funded by Operational Programme of the Centre Region, in its FEDER component, under the framework of the project CLIMRisk--Climate change adaptation measures in the management of natural and environmental risks (Centro-01-0145-FEDER-023566)--and by National Funds through FCT--Foundation for Science and Technology under the Project UIDB/05183/2020.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The online survey answers are not available. The respondents was just authorization was just for results publication.  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors are grateful to experts for participating in the online survey contributing to the criteria ranking process.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.