## 2 Literature Review  
Currently, there is a wide range of Transportation Management Systems (TMSs) available in the market, among which the leaders, according to [PERSON]'s rating [19], are Oracle Transportation Management (OTM), SAP Transportation Management (TM), Uber Freight Transportation Management System (TMS), MercuryGate Transportation Management System (TMS), etc. In Russia, the most popular TMS solutions are offered by 1C. In several comprehensive solutions, the functionality extends beyond managing cargo delivery services only, but also includes air, sea, and rail transportation, that is, TMSs make it possible to manage multimodal logistics. Furthermore, such solutions offer capabilities for integration with CRM (Customer Relationship Management), ERP, WMSs (Warehouse Management Systems), and systems for effective transportation management [20]. Over recent years, their functionality has been consistently expanding. In previous years, TMSs' basic functionality covered tasks related to operational accounting and the planning of transport orders, the analysis of the cost of transportation services, and the planning of vehicle maintenance [21]. Based on these data, we can reach conclusions about the efficiency of transportation in the context of the ratio of the transport company's revenues and expenses accounted for in the TMS [22]. Recently, the concepts of transportation efficiency have expanded to include additional aspects, such as environmental considerations aimed at reducing CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [23]. Here, the approaches to improve the transportation process include, in particular, enhancing driving skills, optimizing travel routes to avoid traffic congestion, and implementingthe real-time remote monitoring of the technical condition of vehicles. Driving behavior is analyzed by special sensors monitoring the acceleration and braking modes, engine rpm, idling with the engine running, and other parameters [24]. The enhancement of route planning is achieved through the integration of TMSs with traffic control systems. Currently, such real-time integration enables the dynamic routing of transportation to reduce delays in traffic jams in major cities [25]. Thanks to built-in onboard sensors, data about the operation of various vehicle systems are also transmitted to TMSs via the Internet [26]. Based on such data, we can reach conclusions about increased fuel consumption associated with the occurrence of various malfunctions in the vehicle. In the highly competitive environment of the freight transportation market, the efficiency of a transportation company is largely determined by consumer assessments, wherein the priority is placed on the quality of service. Quality is a parameter that heavily relies on the customer's personal perception of how well the service provided meets their expectations. In this context, quality characteristics include tangible factors, responsiveness, flexibility, reliability, assurance, and empathy [27], where reliability takes the top priority. From the customer's perspective, in this case the primary measured factor representing value is the adherence to delivery deadlines. Furthermore, reliability also implies ensuring the safety of cargoes, having necessary accompanying documents, and so on. Ensuring the reliability of supply chains is a complex task that involves various interconnected resources of the transportation company [28] (Figure 1). The implementation of TMSs not only for operational accounting tasks but also for analyzing the transportation company's performance indicators requires a deep understanding of the subject area. To implement the information model of TMS infrastructure at the initial stage, an ontological model of a transportation enterprise is developed. This model includes all entities that are involved in the transportation process and their interrelationships. In the context of ensuring reliability, this ontological model also reflects the hierarchy of potential failures, their causes and consequences, and the risks of their occurrence [29].