## 3 Results
### Correlations between Variable
The OVD was also found in statistically significant correlation to Sn-PM, with or without teeth in maximum intercuspal position and could be predicted through a regression formula (Table 4). An alternative method proposed by different groups of researchers proposed to determine OVD by using other facial measurements was also tested in the present study. The mean value of the distance right pupil to chelion was \(70.07\pm 3.92\), higher than that in [PERSON]'s research [52] on Saudi Arabian subpopulations (\(64.86\pm 3.7\)) and also higher compared to [PERSON]'s results (\(67.22\pm 4.9\)) [24] measured on Indian dentate subjects. The mean value of the left pupil to buccal commissure was higher than the right one--the same results as other study findings [24]--the asymmetry being noticeable, in accordance to our studied population. The right and left distance of pupil to chelion was correlated in only 42% of the cases, with a greater mean distance on the left side (Table 1). This result is in agreement with other studies which reported the left side of the face commonly most dominant at both males and females [53]. In the present study, Sn-Gn in maximum intercuspation was statistically significant correlated to right pupil to chelion, in 62% of the cases (Table 4), different from [PERSON]'s findings [52] who reported a 13% correlation for dentate patients, but similar to [PERSON] et al. [26] and [PERSON] and co-workers [22] results. The left measured distance was not statistically significant correlated to OVD, in contrast to other authors findings [24; 52; 54], who concluded that the left facial measurements were more reliable in predicting OVD than the right side measurements. [PERSON] et al. [55] calculated a prediction model to determine OVD, Sn-Gn distance (vertical dimension) = 16 + 0.65 (pupil-buccal commissure), different from our obtained formula OVD = 1.3564 Pu-Ch_r - 32.571 (Table 4). However, major individual differences in morphological features have been reported between races or ethnic groups and this could explain the differences obtained by our study, analyzing a Caucasian ethnic group of young individuals. For the anthropometric assessments, in our study, the mean LFH\({}^{*}\) value measured was \(42.31^{\circ}\) (\(\pm 4.29\)) (Table 1), close to [PERSON]'s results \(43.6^{\circ}\pm 5.7\)[56] but very different from other researchers' values--\(45.2^{\circ}\)[43], \(47^{\circ}\pm 4\)[57], \(47.6^{\circ}\)[36], \(47.9^{\circ}\pm 4\)[58]--this probably being due to racial differences of the populations analyzed by the different studies. Correlations between LFH\({}^{*}\) and OVD have been found only in 27% of cases (Table 4) with a \(p\) value of 0.048 (>0.01)--results similar to [PERSON]'s observations on dentate patients [59], but different from [PERSON]'s and [PERSON]'s findings [43; 56]. Moreover, [PERSON] proposed a controlled increasing (or decreasing) of OVD, calculated with the difference of the LFH\({}^{*}\) measured angle related to the normal considered value (45.2), assuming that \(1^{\circ}\) is equivalent to 2 mm on the articulator pin [43]. Regarding ML'FH, no statistically significant correlation was found with OVD (\(p\) = 0.985), in accordance to [PERSON]'s and co-workers [56] observations who determined that the lower facial height significantly depends on the skeletal location of the maxilla (\(p\) < 0.001), but, for the skeletal location of the mandible, they did not obtain a statistically significant result (\(p\) = 0.861). No statistically significant correlation was obtained between LFH\({}^{*}\) and ML'FH for our study group \(p\) = 0.016 (>0.01) (Table 3). When different patterns of growth were analyzed (Table 2), the mean LFH\({}^{*}\) was \(42.91^{\circ}\) (\(\pm 2.16^{\circ}\)) for mesiofacial subjects, \(45.48^{\circ}\) (\(\pm 4.7^{\circ}\)) for dolichofacial subjects and \(39.06^{\circ}\) (\(\pm 4.29^{\circ}\)) for brachyfacial subjects and no statistically significant correlation (\(p\) > 0.01) has been found between LFH\({}^{*}\) and OVD in any pattern of growth (Table 2).