## 4 Discussion  
### Interpretation of Findings  
The findings of this study underscore a positive relationship between NDVI and CN, wherein higher NDVI corresponds to increased CN. Moreover, CN is positively linked to the proportion of Softscape and inversely correlated with the Hardscape ratio. The study demonstrates that a high NDVI reflects a substantial Softscape percentage and a lesser Hardscape proportion. For instance, Xindu Ecological Park features 78.96% Softscape, an NDVI of 0.62, and 15.19% Hardscape. Notably, factors like fill, excavation, and carbon-intensive building materials significantly impact CN, with Softscape-rich parks having fewer structures and pavement, resulting in reduced fill, excavation, and material carbon emissions. The role of water bodies warrants separate consideration, as their impact on CN surpasses their impact on resilience due to their association with extensive fill and excavation. While water bodies offer flood mitigation, their construction contributes to CN increase. The correlation analysis suggests that RI is not strongly linked to LEP, NDVI, and CN. This study advises increasing the Softscape-to-Hardscape ratio and incorporating permeable pavement to enhance CN. Although water bodies play a secondary role, balancing them with tree planting is vital for CN improvement. New parks face challenges in wind resistance due to young trees' susceptibility and ornamental species' lack of wind resilience. The data demonstrates that parks with over 65% Softscape and under 15% Hardscape achieve carbon savings. Previous research aligns with these results, indicating high NDVI in smaller green parks and a negative correlation between NDVI and urban development [52; 53; 54]. Park size may also influence tree density [55; 56]. Parks with irrigation and maintenance tend to have higher NDVI, showcasing well-maintained, shrub-covered parks' higher NDVI values [52; 57]. This study underscores the positive link between Softscape proportion and NDVI magnitude, echoing the idea that lush vegetation is associated with high NDVI. Plant biomass, a key carbon fixer, strongly correlates with NDVI. According to the statistical results presented in Table 7, four parks have Softscape (Tree cover + Green space) exceeding 65% and Hardscape below 30%, and all of these parks demonstrate positive carbon reduction benefits. This indicates that larger Softscape areas and smaller proportions of built-up surfaces result in lower carbon emissions during park construction, thereby enhancing carbon reduction efficiency. The findings of this study align with previous research. For instance, [PERSON] et al. 's study on NDVI and local spatial clustering of sensor surface brightness temperature found that small green parks are characterized by high tree cover and high green cover (>69%) with higher NDVIvalues [58]. [PERSON] et al. explained 84% of the variation in bird species richness through stepwise multiple regression, revealing a strong negative correlation between NDVI and the percentage of roads and built-up areas. Areas with higher paving and building densities tend to have fewer plants [58; 59; 60]. The findings of [PERSON] et al. 's study are closely aligned with the data in this study, showing that higher NDVI is associated with lower Hardscape proportions, consistent with the results of [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. According to the site survey and research findings in this study, Yongquan Park covers an area of 6 hectares with 572 trees and an NDVI of 0.21, while Lixin Park spans 4.7 hectares with 433 trees and an NDVI of 0.54. These results do not entirely align with previous research. It is generally assumed that larger parks would have more trees and biomass [61; 62]. This study suggests that, aside from the size of the park and the number of trees planted, the density of tree planting may also play a role. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. observed that urban parks tend to have higher NDVI values due to year-round maintenance and irrigation [60].