## 5 Conclusions  
A review of methods for measuring and altering wettability highlights the importance of this parameter for optimizing hydrocarbon extraction processes and improving the efficiency of oil field development. Various methods for measuring the wettability index include Amott-Harvey and USBM tests, contact angle measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, each with its own advantages and limitations. This study examined four categories of methods for measuring rock wettability: spontaneous fluid imbibition, contact angle measurement, characteristics of imbibed fluids, and analytical methods. Methods based on spontaneous imbibition and capillary pressure are effective but time-consuming and expensive. Contact angle measurement provides rapid results but is limited to the surface of samples. Methods that consider the characteristics of imbibed fluids and analytical methods require sophisticated equipment but provide a detailed understanding of wettability. The choice of method depends on the research objective, the required accuracy, and the available equipment. Wettability alteration methods, such as low-salinity water flooding, the use of surfactants, and the injection of carbonated water, have proven effective in both laboratory and field conditions. Low-salinity water flooding enhances water wettability and improves oil displacement, which is associated with ion desorption and changes in capillary forces. Surfactants reduce interfacial tension and alter wettability, thereby improving oil displacement. The injection of carbonated water also contributes to the wettability modification of the rock surface, transitioning it to a more water-wet state and enhancing oil recovery efficiency. This review has highlighted the critical role of wettability alteration in enhancing oil recovery, offering a detailed assessment of various methods for both measuring and changing wettability. Among the methods reviewed, low-salinity water flooding (LSWF) and the use of surfactants emerged as highly effective in laboratory and field conditions. LSWF, for instance, is relatively low-cost and environmentally friendly, though its effectiveness can be influenced by the specific mineralogical composition of the reservoir. Surfactant flooding, while providing more precise control over wettability, comes with higher operational costs and potential environmental concerns due to chemical usage. Carbonated water injection (CWI) is a less conventional method that shows promise in altering wettability while simultaneously reducing CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. However, the long-term effects of CWI on reservoir performance require further investigation. Section 4 of the review focused on the impacts of mineral dissolution and pore precipitation on wettability. Mineral dissolution increases porosity and modifies pore structure, which affects relative permeabilities. These processes create new flow pathways for fluids and contribute to improved oil displacement. It was found that dissolution can lead to significant changes in the pore structure, thereby affecting fluid flow and wettability. The results of wettability calculations during these phenomena underscore the importance of carefully balancing the benefits and drawbacks of wettability alteration methods. Conceptualization, B.A. and D.B. ; methodology, D.B. ; software, K.U. ; validation, B.A., D.B. and K.U. ; formal analysis, D.B. ; investigation, D.B. ; resources, K.U. ; data curation, B.A. ; writing--original draft preparation, D.B. ; writing--review and editing, K.U. ; visualization, K.U. ; supervision, B.A. ; project administration, D.B. ; funding acquisition, B.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This study was funded by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the project BR18574136 \"Development of deep learning and predictive analysis methods for solving complex problems in mechanics\".