## 4 Results
### Investigating the Causes of Delays in the Context of Port Regulations
According to Article 52(4), in the area from the Orli Przesmyk to the Basen Gorniczy, vessels with a draft greater than 7.40 m or an overall length greater than 160 m may be passed by vessels with an overall length of up to 60 m and a draft of up to 3.0 m. Vessels with a draft of up to 7.40 m and an overall length of up to 160 m may be passed by vessels with a draft of up to 5.50 m, provided that the sum of their lengths does not exceed 240 m [36]. 6. Due to exceeded B--ships breadth. The Port Regulations [36] also introduce a restriction regarding the width of passing ships. According to Article 52 (4) point 2, from the northern tip of Mielin Island to the Ina River (traversing the Ina S reservoir), ships with a draft greater than 7.40 m may be passed by ships and pusher/tugboat combinations with a draft of 4.0 m and above, provided that the sum of their total widths does not exceed 50 m, with the exception of the section from the northern tip of Chelminek Island (35.0 km) to the Zukawy and the section from the Krepa Dolna to the Radun Gorna, where the sum of the total widths of passing ships cannot exceed 45 m [36]. Due to exceeded T--ships draught. Article 52(1) of the Port Regulations [36] states that on the approach route to Swinoujscie, from the pair of buoys '9-10' to the pair of buoys '15-16', two-way traffic of vessels with a draft of up to 9.15 m is allowed. Vessels with a draft greater than 9.15 m may be overtaken by vessels with a draft of up to 9.15 m, which are obliged to give way to vessels with a draft greater than 9.15 m, within the limits, ensuring that vessels with a greater draft pass in the axis of the waterway. On the sections of the waterways, from the pair of buoys '15-16' of the approach route to Swinoujscie to the Orli Przesmyk (63.0 km), two-way traffic of vessels with a draft of up to 7.40 m is allowed, provided that the total length of passing vessels does not exceed 320 m. Vessels with a draft of over 7.40 m may pass each other with vessels with a draft of up to 6.10 m, provided that the total length of passing vessels does not exceed 320 m. Article 52(3) states that on the section from the pair of buoys '15-16' to buoy \"D\", the total length of passing vessels is limited, where vessels with a draft of up to 9.50 m may be overtaken by vessels with a draft of up to 6.10 m, provided that the total length of passing vessels does not exceed 280 m. On the section from buoy \"D\" to the northern cap of the Kosa peninsula (3.7 km), the range of two-way traffic is expanded, where vessels with a draft of up to 7.40 m and a total length of up to 160 m may be overtaken by passenger and cargo ferries, and vessels with a draft of up to 7.40 m may be overtaken by vessels with a draft of up to 9.50 m. On the section from the northern cap of the Kosa peninsula (3.7 km) to the Karsibor bend (10.5 km), the range of two-way traffic is limited, where vessels with a draft above 7.40 m, provided that their total length is not greater than 160 m, may be overtaken by vessels with a total length of up to 120 m and a draft of up to 6.10 m. Vessels with a draft above 7.40 m and a total length above 160 m may be overtaken by vessels with a total length of up to 120 m and a draft of up to 4.0 m [36] (Table 4). The results of the study showed that the highest total delay time was caused by the regulation requiring one-way traffic for oversize ships (special conditions) or ships carrying hazardous cargo. The requirement to provide the surveyed vessels with a clear waterway along the entire transit route generated 46.84 h of delays. The requirement for one-way traffic on designated sections of the waterway for ships carrying hazardous cargo is responsible for 39.47 h of delays. Hydrometeorological conditions, such as poor visibility or excessive wind, resulted in 24.61 h of delays. The exceeding of technical parameters of the surveyed vessels (total length/width or permissible draft) with ferries calling at Swinoujscie caused total 13.63 h of delay (Figure 7).