# Simulation Study on an ICT-Based Maritime Management and Safety Framework for Movable Bridges
## 6 Results and Discussion  
The proposed navigation management scheme for the movable bridge is evaluated in the simulation environment by simulating the methodology for 20 trials at both routes and tracking the outcome of the detection system as well as bridge status. The performance result is shown in following Table 1.  
Figure 13: Movable bridge reformation scenario. The performance results of the study show that 65% of regular ship transportation through the movable bridge occurs without any requirement of safety warning message or emergency control. Some incidents are found with bridge opening delay due to high traffic volume or an excessively fast ship where DSCR safety warning is required, followed by the further imposition of the emergency clash avoiding control system. Around 35% of events show the usage of DSRC safety warning and 15% of events required prevention of ship's approach using emergency clash avoiding control system. For high traffic volume, the movable bridge must delay evacuating bridge vehicles, leading to opening delay as well. Ships approaching the bridge at excessive speeds also cause a threat to the bridge structure and the ship. Therefore, the ship is given a DSRC safety warning to stop before the Emergency Belt. For any disorderly ship that is violating safety warning and approaching the Emergency Belt, the emergency clash avoiding control system takes over the ship speed control to stop before reaching the bridge structure. In regular cases, bridge evacuation, opening, reformation, and road barrier operations are maintained successfully in a proper manner. This research is accomplished by only considering the movable bridges which act as a gateway barrier to ships or any other water vehicles. Some bridges have height factors that only open for ships that exceed the specific height threshold. Such bridges and their height parameters are kept out of consideration for this research. However, further research can be conducted considering the height factors and the sensor technologies required to be installed to account for them. Since the counting algorithm will be run continuously, a backup energy storage system using renewable energy sources, such as solar panels or turbines for wind or hydropower generation, will provide power to the major systems, especially the microcontroller-based systems only. Moreover, the data is continuously being stored in the GPS server; therefore, if any problem occurs, the system can recover the data instantly from the database upon power retrieval. Thus, there is very little risk in losing the data or in maintaining the communication during a power outage or network error. At the initiation of the bridge evacuation process, a simple speed limit and a signal-ization scheme are maintained in the bridge area as a less expensive approach. However, in this modern era of rapidly evolving technology, the used technology examined in this paper can be improved by the use of GPS detection and hybrid sensors. Furthermore, devices such as RADAR, LIDAR, thermal camera, and Mobile Eye can provide a more fruitful result when producing solutions for maritime automation of movable bridges. The authors of this research will work to implement these advanced sensors and technologies as further research improvement on movable bridge maritime automation. Moreover, machine learning-based vehicle detection can be implemented for detecting vehicles through cameras and counting accordingly for bridge evacuation. Future research will focus on collecting experimental data of ship speed, acceleration, position, and other important features by running the models of hundreds of ships through movable bridge navigation system and predict the ship's behavior to take more security measures or for better maritime management and control. Furthermore, using GPS tracking technology or connected vehicle technologies, further research on movable bridge traffic control may bring more precise and secure traffic control.