(ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), without heat production [3]. Concentrations of the active molecules are adjustable by the different properties of plasma depending on different kinds of gas sources, power supply voltages and currents that are suitable for several specific purposes, ranging from enhanced cell proliferation to the induction of programmed cell death [4; 5; 6; 7]. Non-thermal plasma does not destroy normal cells but selectively eliminates only severely injured cells or cancer cells, at least in part, due to the prominent stress-induced ROS in these cells [8; 9; 10]. Additionally, reactive species molecules of non-thermal plasma also demonstrate bactericidal activity, regardless of the antibiotic resistant properties of the organisms [11]. Plasma flux is used in numerous medical situations (malignancy, wound care, and organismal management) due to its ability for selective elimination and enhanced proliferation of abnormal and healthy cells, respectively, with additive bactericidal activity [2]. As such, plasma flux enhanced re-epithelialization, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis and the anti-inflammatory status in a rodent wound model [12], partly through the induction of several growth factors in keratinocytes [13]. Hence, non-thermal plasma therapy is an emerging treatment strategy [1; 2; 12], especially for diabetic wounds [14] and burn injuries [15]. Indeed, a burn wound, a dermal injury from extreme insults (heat, erosive agents or electricity) is classified upon the depth of the wound damage (superficial, partial thickness and full thickness) and leads to several severe complications, including hypovolemia, hypermetabolism, gut permeability defect and opportunistic infections [16]. Unfortunately, the prevalence of burn wounds remains high, particularly among low- and middle-income households, with chronic wound care and treatment for sequelae having a disproportionately large economic cost [17]. In order to reduce burn injury mortality rates and country burdens, proper wound care is needed. Interestingly, secondary bacterial infection in burn wounds is one of the major complications, especially with a, currently, high prevalence of anti-microbial resistance [18]. Fortunately, the antibiotic resistant organisms are still vulnerable to microbial eradication with several physical strategies, including ultraviolet light, radiation and non-thermal plasma [19; 20]. Hence, the evaluation of plasma flux on infected burn wounds is interesting. Despite extensive evaluations of plasma flux in several models of traumatic wounds [21], data of non-thermal plasma on infected burn wounds are still lacking. In parallel, macrophages are the immune cells responsible for either organismal control or the wound healing process, which can be manipulated by non-thermal plasma therapy as demonstrated in a solid cancer model [22]. As such, macrophages are immune cells with pleomorphic functions, referred to as \"macrophage polarization\", that consist of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 polarization [23]. The induction of macrophage polarization into a proper direction for each situation might be beneficial. For example, an acceleration of M1 and M2 for the conditions with immune exhaustion (tumor micro-environments) and hyper-immune responses (infection), respectively, might improve clinical outcomes [24]. In wounds with infection, pro-inflammatory M1 polarization is necessary for organismal control but excessive pro-inflammation worsens the wound healing process [25]. With proper organismal control, M2 macrophages or anti-inflammatory macrophages enhance several processes (anti-inflammation, debris removal and matrix remodeling) and promote wound healing [25]. Because (i) non-thermal plasma can induce an anti-inflammatory wound status with bactericidal activity that might be beneficial for wound healing and (ii) due to the lack of data of the effect of plasma on macrophage function, plasma flux treatment in burn wounds with infection is interesting.