# Rapid Detection of Key Phenotypic Parameters in Wheat Grains Using Linear Array Camera
## 5 Conclusions  
With the development of modern agriculture, the requirements for precision and efficiency in breeding and screening work are increasing. In this study, an image acquisition device was built based on a linear array camera, and wheat grain images were processedusing the Halcon software, thus acquiring grain phenotypic parameters and detecting seed viability. The following conclusions were drawn:  
(1) In terms of phenotypic parameter measurement, the extraction algorithm proposed and manual measurement results in this study had a mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, determination coefficient, and root mean square error of 0.066 mm, 0.932%, 0.986, and 0.0887, respectively; the grain width errors are 0.043 mm, 1.254%, 0.9505, and 0.0541, respectively; and the grain weight errors are 3.15 mg, 7.142%, 0.7635, and 3.8329, respectively. Moreover, the detection speed is significantly better than that of manual measurement. Although the error performance varies between different varieties, it is generally highly consistent with manual measurement and can meet the needs of wheat variety evaluation.  
(2) In the determination of bud points for seed viability detection, the accuracy rate reached 97.5%. In terms of positioning accuracy, by determining the coefficient k value, the average error of the distance between the tested bud points and the actual bud points was found to be within 0.10 mm, and the average error of the angle was within \(\pm 3^{\circ}\). Although the irregular shape of wheat grains causes a small deviation in the position of the bud points, it has little impact on the angle calculation. Among 120 grains, only 2 were misjudged, and the accuracy rate reached 98.33%.  
This study provides an effective method for rapidly screening wheat grains and detecting seed viability, contributes to the development of the seed industry, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of seed quality detection.  
Conceptualization, K.D. and W.Z.; methodology, K.D.; software, K.D; validation, K.D. and X.L.; formal analysis, C.S.; investigation, K.D.; resources, W.Z.; data curation, K.D.; writing--original draft preparation, K.D.; writing--review and editing, W.Z.; visualization, K.Y.; supervision, W.Z.; project administration, W.Z.; funding acquisition, W.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the Key Laboratory Project of the Ministry of Education on Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology (MAET202322) and the Youth Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61901194).  
Not applicable.  
The data provided in this study can be made available upon request to the corresponding author. As the wheat photos obtained in this study are still needed for subsequent research, only some will be provided as a reference ([[https://gitee.com/dkw98/wheat98.git](https://gitee.com/dkw98/wheat98.git)]([https://gitee.com/dkw98/wheat98.git](https://gitee.com/dkw98/wheat98.git)) (28 April 2025)). If necessary, you can contact the author to obtain the complete dataset ([EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.Z.)).  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.