# Innovative Suspension Structures: The Role of Straight Elements Under Asymmetric Loads
## 1 Introduction
However, such structures have a major drawback: Their shape is not in equilibrium with evenly distributed symmetric loads. As a result, symmetric loads cause significant displacements and bending moments in suspended straight elements [34; 35]. In terms of structural arrangement, tensegrity structures [36] are structurally similar to the suspension systems discussed in this article. In tensegrity structures, the bars are subjected to compressive forces, while the cables carry tensile forces. However, under external compressive loads, the overall stability of the structural system becomes a critical issue for tensegrity structures [37; 38]. It is important to note that in the suspension systems considered here, which are composed of rigid elements and subjected to uniformly distributed external loads applied to the upper chord, tensile forces or a combination of tensile and bending forces occur, except in the struts. Therefore, for these suspension structures, the problem of overall stability can be addressed by applying appropriate structural constraints. Regarding the analysis of suspension roof structures, a substantial number of studies have focused on their static behavior [39; 40; 41; 42], etc. Most of these studies refer to the be havior of flexible cables, and some also address bending stresses in such cables [3; 43; 44]. However, the research on \"rigid cables\" is relatively limited and focusses primarily on parabolic forms [45; 46]. The existing studies on suspension roof structures with bending stiffness predominantly analyze symmetrical loading, despite the well-known issue of high deformability under asymmetrical loading. There is a noticeable lack of research dedicated to the detailed analysis of asymmetrically loaded suspension structures with bending stiffness. To improve suspension roof structures, it is crucial not only to analyze their compositional parameters but also to explore new forms that improve the operational conditions of the roof covering. Therefore, the development of an innovative suspension support system consisting of straight \"rigid\" elements is particularly relevant. One such system is an innovative suspension load-bearing roof structure composed of straight \"rigid\" elements [47]. This article examines the behavior of new suspension roof systems composed of straight \"rigid\" elements under asymmetric loading conditions. A methodology is presented to calculate stresses and displacements in such asymmetrically loaded suspension systems, which incorporates geometric nonlinearity. Through numerical experiments, this study identifies the behavioral characteristics of these systems and assesses the influence of their straight \"rigid\" elements on displacement. An analysis of these suspension systems and the stress variations under asymmetric loading is also presented, considering the ratio between asymmetric and symmetric loads. The results demonstrate that the novel two-level cable-strut suspension roof system is more effective than conventional curved suspension roof structures under asymmetric loading, particularly in terms of displacement and stress criteria. 2 Analytical Solutions of Asymmetrically Loaded Suspension System with Stiffness in Bending Elements