## 5 Demonstrative Plant of Production of Green Hydrogen in Pilot Scale Haru Oni  
_GH2 Projects--In Operation (2025)_  
The Haru Oni project represents one of the most innovative initiatives in the development of clean energy and the decarbonization of the economy in Latin America. Located in the state of Tehuel Aike, north of Punta Arenas, in the Magallanes region of Chilean Patagonia, this project consists of a pilot plant to produce synthetic fuels based on green hydrogen, which seeks to demonstrate the technical and economic viability of producing this type of fuel. In this sense, it has become the first integrated industrial e-fuels plant operational worldwide [22]. In 2021, the Chilean Ministry of Energy and Mining approved the environmental impact statement (EIS) for the Haru Oni project, after obtaining the support of the Magallanes Regional Environmental Commission through a favorable vote. Thus, construction of the plant began in July of that same year. It lasted approximately 11 months and included the installation of a 3.4 MW wind turbine supplied by Enel Green Power, a 13 kV backup transmission line, a 1.2 MW electrolyzer, a synthesizer to combine recycled CO\({}_{2}\) with green hydrogen to create e-methanol, and a plant to convert e-methanol into e-gasoline and e-LG. This covers a 3.7-lectare area within the Tehuel Aike property in the municipality of Punta Arenas. The project is expected to expand to a total of 5.7 hectares during Phase II of construction, with a 325 MW on-shore wind farm, which would allow the production of up to 140,000 tons of synthetic methanol per year. The location of the green hydrogen plant is truly strategic, given the enormous potential of wind and water resources in the Magallanes region (Figure 9). These conditions improve the plant's efficiency, reduce supply-related risks, and prevent potential negative impacts on the environment and society [22]. Haru Oni uses wind energy to produce green hydrogen through the electrolysis of water. The hydrogen obtained from the splitting of the water molecule is stored, while the oxygen is released into the atmosphere. This hydrogen is then combined with captured CO\({}_{2}\) to produce methanol in a reactor, through a process called synthesis. The project's methanol synthesis unit, developed by the German company MAN Energy Solutions, uses the English company Johnson Matthey's CO\({}_{2}\)-to-methanol catalyst conversion technology [22]. The wind energy will also be used for a battery storage system (BESS), planned for implementation in 2024, to supply electricity to the turbine and facilities during periods when the turbine is not in operation. The result is the production of synthetic methanol, which could be used as a final fuel to meet the demand of ships in maritime transport. Through further refining processes, it could be converted into synthetic gasoline or diesel for land transport, synthetic liquefied natural gas (e-LG), synthetic aviation fuel (e-SAF) for air transport, or even used in the production of plastics. Regarding CO\({}_{2}\) supply, Haru Oni began operations using CO\({}_{2}\) from biogenic sources, with the main supplier being the multinational chemical company Linde. However, the medium-term goal is to utilize the CO\({}_{2}\) present in the atmosphere through direct air capture (DAC) technologies. During 2024, HIF, together with other project partners--Porsche & Volkswagen Group Innovation and Baker Hughes--began developing this technology at Haru Oni, and the \"Mosaic\" pilot unit was tested to accelerate this transition to commercial scale. By 2025, this unit is expected to be on a commercial scale and operating at full capacity, to extract and remove 600 metric tons of CO\({}_{2}\) from the atmosphere annually. Synthetic fuels have gained significant importance in recent years. This importance lies in the multiple benefits offered by their manufacture.