## 3 Results and Discussion
### The effect of the compounds on cell viability
Treatment with the same compounds at a concentration of 0.5 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL kills 5% and 10%, respectively, of the tumor cells. Extending the treatment for 48 h with the Al-5 HF-DPCNS2 and Ga-5 HF-DPCNS2 compounds significantly reduces the viability of tumor cells depending on the concentration, similar to Cisplatin. The inhibitory concentration values (IC) of the analyzed compounds or CisPt were calculated using the linear regression analysis from the cytotoxicity data of each compound and for different percentages of cell lysis corresponding to drug concentrations. Therefore, the corresponding drug concentrations required to induce the lysis of 50% (IC\({}_{50}\)) of the cells were calculated when the cytotoxicity of compounds was assessed via MTS assay after 24 or 48 h of their incubation with HUVEC, LoVo, and SKOV-3 cells compared to cisplatin as positive control (Table 2). **The analyzed compounds were studied for their impact on the apoptotic process**  
The process of programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, is significantly obstructed in tumor cells. This ensures cell proliferation and tumor progression. To identify compounds with potential therapeutic effects, the study analyzes how certain substances affect the apoptotic process and selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells (LoVo and SKOV-3) without harming normal cells. The effects of the studied compounds on the apoptotic process of both normal and tumor cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. For this purpose, we analyzed the effect induced by Al and Ga complexes and their derivatives on the apoptotic process of LoVo and SKOV-3 tumor cells compared to normal \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **HUVEC** & & **LoVo** & & **SKOV-3** & \\ \hline
**Compound** & **24 h** & **48 h** & **24 h** & **48 h** & **24 h** & **48 h** \\ \hline Al-5 HF & 9.05 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 8.74 \(\pm\) 0.77 & 4.75 \(\pm\) 0.99 & 4.53 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 5.53 \(\pm\) 0.86 & 1.63 \(\pm\) 1.14 \\ Al-5 HF-DPCNS1 & 9.03 \(\pm\) 1.11 & 6.22 \(\pm\) 0.67 & 5.61 \(\pm\) 1.11 & 5.78 \(\pm\) 1.04 & 7.38 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 7.43 \(\pm\) 0.85 \\ Al-5 HF-DPCNS2 & 9.52 \(\pm\) 0.65 & 9.54 \(\pm\) 1.17 & 3.92 \(\pm\) 1.07 & 4.84 \(\pm\) 1.09 & 5.07 \(\pm\) 1.06 & 2.39 \(\pm\) 0.99 \\ Al-5 HF-PMDACD1 & 9.13 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 8.35 \(\pm\) 1.05 & 3.38 \(\pm\) 0.95 & 2.14 \(\pm\) 0.94 & 5.16 \(\pm\) 1.13 & 8.77 \(\pm\) 1.12 \\ Ga-5 HF & 5.41 \(\pm\) 0.92 & 7.99 \(\pm\) 0.84 & 2.21 \(\pm\) 1.03 & 8.25 \(\pm\) 0.83 & 4.73 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 4.08 \(\pm\) 0.82 \\ Ga-5 HF-DPCNS1 & 7.72 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 5.40 \(\pm\) 1.09 & 3.48 \(\pm\) 1.01 & 2.96 \(\pm\) 1.06 & 5.65 \(\pm\) 0.90 & 5.55 \(\pm\) 1.10 \\ Ga-5 HF-DPCNS2 & 6.47 \(\pm\) 0.93 & 6.07 \(\pm\) 1.02 & 2.88 \(\pm\) 0.59 & 1.73 \(\pm\) 1.16 & 4.69 \(\pm\) 1.18 & 0.89 \(\pm\) 0.87 \\ Ga-5 HF-PMDACD1 & 5.34 \(\pm\) 1.02 & 4.27 \(\pm\) 0.81 & 2.71 \(\pm\) 0.70 & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.95 & 5.12 \(\pm\) 1.05 & 20.03 \(\pm\) 1.17 \\ CisPt & 10.07 \(\pm\) 0.83 & 8.42 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 1.21 & 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.92 & 4.39 \(\pm\) 0.97 & 2.41 \(\pm\) 1.20 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Values (\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL) of IC\({}_{50}\) for studied complexes and CisPt. Figure 10: The impact of the tested compounds on the viability of SKOV-3 ovary cancer cells after (a) 24 h of treatment and (b) 48 h of treatment. HUVEC cells. The analysis of the cell viability data led to the choice of two reference concentrations (0.5 and 5 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL) for which the cells were treated for 24 h (Figure 11a) and 48 h (Figure 11b). Normal untreated HUVEC cells (control) showed a small percentage of apoptosis that was not influenced by the duration of treatment (24 h--10.8%; 48 h--9.4%). Normal HUVEC cells were treated for 24 h with compounds Al-5 HF, Al-5 HF-DPCNS1, and Al-5 HF-DPCNS2 at a concentration of 0.5 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL, which induced an increase in apoptosis compared to untreated HUVEC cells (control).