# Personalizing Environmental Awareness through Smartphones Using AHP and PROMETHE II
## 5 Evaluation
### Data Analysis and Discussion
In total, the paired-sample t-test results on pre-test/post-test environmental awareness emerged from each question evaluating the reduction of waste and recycling indicated that the application had a significant effect on the improvement of students' attitude and behavior in regard to the environment subject (pre-test awareness = 52.9%, post-test awareness = 76.7%, difference = \(-\)23.8, t = \(-\)8.543, \(p\) < 0.05). Pertaining to energy saving (Table 8), the analysis of students' responses showed that great progress was made with respect to the habit of turning off the lights when leaving the room. In particular, the percentage of \"every time\" or \"often\" doing so reached 45.00% and 34.17%, an increase of 18.33% and 20.00% respectively, compared to before using the application. Moreover, the advice provided to participants seems to have affected their attitude toward the use of energy efficient light bulbs (\"every time\": increased from 12.50% \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Environmental Awareness Survey: Energy Saving**} \\ \hline
**Pre-Score** & **5** & **4** & **3** & **2** & **1** & **Mean** & **Awareness** \\
**Post-Score** & **N (\%)** & **N (\%)** & **N (\%)** & **N (\%)** & **N (\%)** & **N (\%)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline
1. I turn off the lights when I am leaving the room. & 22 (18.33) & 24 (20.00) & 35 (29.17) & 29 (24.17) & 10 (8.33) & 3.16 & 63.17 \\
2. I make use of energy efficient light bulbs. & 54 (45.00) & 41 (34.17) & 16 (13.33) & 6 (5.00) & 3 (2.50) & 4.14 & 82.83 \\ \hline
2. I make use of energy efficient light bulbs. & 15 (12.50) & 10 (8.33) & 29 (24.17) & 35 (29.17) & 31 (25.83) & 2.53 & 50.50 \\
3. I unplug unused electronics, such as computer, printer, or TV. & 17 (14.17) & 30 (25.00) & 34 (28.33) & 26 (21.67) & 18 (15.00) & 3.53 & 70.67 \\ \hline
4. I turn off the taps when brushing my teeth. & 19 (15.83) & 14 (11.67) & 24 (20.00) & 32 (26.67) & 44 (36.67) & 2.22 & 44.33 \\
4. I turn off the taps when brushing my teeth. & 17 (14.17) & 30 (25.00) & 34 (28.33) & 26 (21.67) & 13 (10.83) & 3.10 & 62.00 \\ \hline
4. I turn off the taps when brushing my teeth. & 19 (15.83) & 14 (11.67) & 31 (25.83) & 27 (22.50) & 29 (24.17) & 2.73 & 54.50 \\
4. I turn off the taps when brushing my teeth. & 49 (40.83) & 37 (30.83) & 21 (17.50) & 11 (9.17) & 2 (1.67) & 4.00 & 80.00 \\ \hline
5. I use cold water instead of hot when I can. & 9 (7.50) & 16 (13.33) & 58 (48.33) & 24 (20.00) & 13 (10.83) & 2.87 & 57.33 \\
5. I use cold water instead of hot when I can. & 31 (25.83) & 41 (34.17) & 30 (25.00) & 15 (12.50) & 3 (2.50) & 3.68 & 73.67 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_Pre-test Mean_} \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_Note:_} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Post-test Mean_} \\ \hline
_5: Every Time_ & & & & & & & \(73.83\) \\
4: Often_ & & & & Difference & & \(-\)19.87 \\
3: Sometimes & & & & Standard Deviation & & 3.505 \\
2: Rarely & & & & Confidence Level (95\%) & & 4.352 \\
1: Never & & & & Pearson Correlation & & 0.905 \\ N: Number of Students & & & t Stat & & \(-\)12.676 \\  & & & \(p\)-value & & & \(2.23\times 10^{-4}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Frequency distribution of the answers and pre-test/post-test results related to energy saving. to 25.00%, \"often\": from 8.33% to 38.33%). Before using the application, the majority of students (\(36.67\%+26.67\%=63.34\%\)) never or rarely unplugged unused electronics, such as computer, printer, or TV. This fact changed with the application, since it was now observed that students' awareness on this statement reached 62.00%, versus 44.33% before the application's use. Furthermore, the bad habit of keeping on the taps while brushing one's teeth (24.17% and 22.50% never or rarely turning them off) seemed to break, as the vast majority of participants now turned them off (40.83% \"every time\" and 30.83% \"often\").