## 3 Methodology of Construction of Architecture of e-STMS Based on IoT and WSNs
The intermodal transportation environment networks operate in extremely dynamic conditions, which can sometimes be highly different. For example, on highways, speeds could reach up to 130 km/h, in low-density roads, car density may be only about 1-2 cars per km. On the other hand, the speed of vehicles in urban areas is 50-60 km/h, and the transport flow density is relatively high, particularly during peak periods. Often, vehicular communication networks could be fragmented. The dynamic nature of traffics can lead to significant gaps between cars in sparsely populated areas. It can also be created a few isolated clusters of network nodes. Vehicular communication networks' scenarios highly differ from the classic ad-hoc networks since the cars are moving and constantly changing positions, and scenarios are highly dynamic. Furthermore, the network topology changes frequently due to frequent connections and disconnects between network nodes. The degree to which the network is combined depends on the distance between the wireless nodes and the number of connected vehicles [5]. An application device like OBU covers such main functions: Wi-Fi access, Ad-Hoc issues solving, geo-location-based routing, network load management, reliable messaging, security, and IP mobility [81]. Some system components are connected into subsystems for cargo transportation management and scheduling. The e-STMS is divided into some packages for service provision for transportation managers and drivers (Figure 2). The set of RSUs can be facilitated by WAVE devices installed near the road or in other specially designated areas, e.g., at intersections or parking lots. Such devices are equipped  
Figure 2: The componential view of e-STMS architecture for service provision to drivers and managers who are participating in intermodal transportation. with short-range wireless technologies, such as IEEE 802.11p or others that connect them to the network (IoT) infrastructure. If direct communication is not possible, the data are transferred to other cars as intermediaries until the addressee is reached. These forms of a multi-hop relationship are described in [81]. The infrastructure of the domain is related to all these parts, especially for the RSUs connecting infrastructure of networks or by the Internet by providing OBU access to that network. OBU devices communicate with various nodes by providing non-security services using other mobile technologies (GPRS, GSM, 4G, 5G, HSDPA, UMTS, and Wi-Max) [82; 83]. To improve the quality of e-services, it is necessary to manage the flow of information between companies organizing transport between trucks, customers, and logistics representatives from different international centers, as well as forwarding companies to international delivery terminals through or to customers from other countries. At the same time, the effectiveness of this model is closely related to the transport management subsystems, which are based on the infrastructure of work of operators by accepting the orders and using various means, such as e-recommendations, e- reports, by using different types of mobile applications for drivers and customers. Application of the Subsystems for Management of Logistic Processes in Reloading Intermodal Transport Terminals Based on IoT  
Logistics and freight transport are areas that currently have competitive advantages in applications of intelligent systems based on innovative ICT. These changes have led to the emergence of new paradigms for the design of logistics systems following various criteria--activity, consumption of energy, the performance impact on the environment, etc. [84; 85; 86]. For example, the European Super Green project [87] aims to help define and compare freight corridors across Europe from technical to economic and environmental to spatial investigations. This was reached through intelligent ICT methods for corridor assessment [88]. With the widespread integration of innovative ICT, new communication management models have become possible.