## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Feature**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Genus of Pest**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & _Bactericera_ & _Thrips_ & _Bemisia_ & _Epitrix_ & _Anthonomus_ & _Myzus_ \\  & _cockerelli_ & _tabacci_ & _tabaci_ & _cucumeris_ & _ eugenii_ & _persicae_ \\ \hline Solidity & \(8.60\times 10^{-1}\) & \(8.84\times 10^{-1}\) & \(8.09\times 10^{-1}\) & \(9.66\times 10^{-1}\) & \(7.59\times 10^{-1}\) & \(8.82\times 10^{-1}\) \\ Eccentricity & \(8.78\times 10^{-1}\) & \(9.71\times 10^{-1}\) & \(7.22\times 10^{-1}\) & \(7.62\times 10^{-1}\) & \(7.99\times 10^{-1}\) & \(8.52\times 10^{-1}\) \\ Pixel area & \(1.41\times 10^{4}\) & \(6.34\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.61\times 10^{4}\) & \(4.02\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.78\times 10^{4}\) & \(4.94\times 10^{3}\) \\ Centroid & X & \(1.02\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.18\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.33\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.03\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.62\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.11\times 10^{2}\) \\  & Y & \(1.30\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.96\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.26\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.30\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.96\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.38\times 10^{2}\) \\ Perimeter & \(5.77\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.12\times 10^{2}\) & \(9.96\times 10^{2}\) & \(7.96\times 10^{2}\) & \(9.47\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.17\times 10^{2}\) \\ Axis length & Major & \(2.04\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.88\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.88\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.84\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.57\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.13\times 10^{2}\) \\ Minor & \(9.75\times 10^{1}\) & \(4.54\times 10^{1}\) & \(1.99\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.84\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.54\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.94\times 10^{1}\) \\ Size in mm\({}^{2}\) & \(4.78\times 10^{-1}\) & \(2.26\times 10^{-1}\) & \(9.12\times 10^{-1}\) & \(2.51\) & \(7.12\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.03\times 10^{-1}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Mathematical representation of other descriptors obtained by the genus of pests. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Genus**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number of Insects**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number of Insects**} \\  & **Manual Method** & **Detected via SIFT** & **Accuracy Rating** \\ \hline _Bactericera cckerelli_ & 3 & 2 & 67\% \\ _Thrips tabacci_ & 3 & 2 & 67\% \\ _Bemisia tabaci_ & 3 & 2 & 67\% \\ _Epitrix cucumeris_ & 3 & 3 & 100\% \\ _Myzus persicae_ & 3 & 3 & 100\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Detection percentages of specimens according to the insect genus in an image with 17 insect individuals. Figure 2: Representation of each filter applied to each pest genus. The solidity is a measurement of the overall concavity of an object, defined as the actual object area divided by the convex hull area. Thus, as the object becomes more solid, the image area and convex hull area approach each other, resulting in a solidity value of 1 [44; 45; 46]. The eccentricity is defined as the degree to which the object is similar to a circle, taking into consideration the smoothness of the perimeter. This might be denoted as the roundness because it has a clearly defined range of values. It is 0 for a perfectly round object and 1 for a line-shaped object [28]. The pixel area is the area of the insect measured in pixels. The centroid X and Y is the point that is located in the center of a geometric body. In this case, the position of this point with respect to the \(x\)-axis and the \(y\)-axis is taken into account. The perimeter is the length that surrounds an object; it refers to the sum of the pixels that limit its area in the case of objects detected in image processing. The axis length represents the length of the major and minor axes of the object. The size in square millimeters is the size calculated with respect to the actual size of the insect and the area in pixels.