## 8 Comparative Review of CIPP and ET
### Emissions from CIPP and ET  
Tables 2-4 represent the analysis of total emissions from the CIPP Renewal method for 8-inch-, 10-inch-, and 12-inch-diameter pipes. Similarly, Tables 5-7 provide the total emissions associated with ET for 8-inch-, 10-inch-, and 12-inch-diameter pipes, respectively, based on the data available from industry sources and case studies. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Author(s)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Year**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Impact**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Focused Area**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Analysis Method**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Key Findings**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Research Gaps**} \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{2024} & \multirow{4}{*}{Carbon Emissions} & \multirow{4}{*}{ET} & Field Study, & ET has a high carbon footprint & \multirow{4}{*}{**Styrene E**} & \multirow{4}{*}{**Styrene E**} \\  & & & & & value of 24.29 metric tons of & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & CO2 eq. & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Unit**} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Glass Fiber-** \\ **Reinforced** \\ **Plastic** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Dummy** \\ **Plastic** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Polyester** \\ **Resin** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Styrene E** \\ **(Amorphous)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **PET** \\ **(Amorphous)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Low-Density**, \\ **Resin, at Plant,** \\ **CTR/kg/RNAA \({}^{\star}\)** \\ \end{tabular} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total** \\ **Emissions** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline Ozone depletion & kg CFC-11 eq & 0.00206 & N/A & 0.0004515 & N/A & N/A & \(7.82\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.00289 \\ \hline Global warming & kg CO, eq & \(3.01\times 10^{4}\) & N/A & \(5.31\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.42\times 10^{3}\) & 422 & \(2.43\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.57\times 10^{4}\) \\ \hline Smog & kg O, eq & \(1.27\times 10^{3}\) & N/A & 149 & 116 & 23.8 & 77.91 & \(2.079\times 10^{3}\) \\ \hline Acidification & kg SO, eq & 113 & N/A & 13.31 & 10.57 & 1.95 & 7.45 & 182 \\ \hline Eutrophication & kg N,eq & 46.225 & N/A & 8.62 & 0.247 & 0.0597 & 0.145 & 61.14 \\ \hline Carcinogenics & CTUh & 0.000996 & N/A & 0.000133 & \(7.9\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.15\times 10^{-6}\) & \(6.39\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.00134 \\ \hline Non- & \multirow{4}{*}{CTUh} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.00641} & \multirow{4}{*}{N/A} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.000744} & \multirow{4}{*}{\(6.44\times 10^{-6}\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{\(3.28\times 10^{-7}\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{\(6.75\times 10^{-5}\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.00833} \\  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: * SimaPro code.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Results for 10-inch-diameter CIPP Renewal. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Impact Category** & **Unit** & **PVC Pipe E** & **Excavator** & **Total Emissions** \\ \hline Ozone depletion & kg CFC-11 eq & N/A & \(1.49\times 10^{-7}\) & 0.000231 \\ \hline Global warming & kg CO\({}_{2}\) eq & \(4.13\times 10^{3}\) & 67.18 & \(1.52\times 10^{4}\) \\ \hline Smog & kg O\({}_{3}\) eq & 192 & 6.9 & \(1.07\times 10^{3}\) \\ \hline Acidification & kg SO\({}_{3}\) eq & 17.81 & 0.317 & 54.41 \\ \hline Eutrophication & kg N eq & 1.34 & 0.018 & 6.53 \\ \hline Carcinogenics & CTUh & 0.000851 & \(3.51\times 10^{-8}\) & 0.00103 \\ \hline Non-carcinogenics & CTUh & 0.000344 & \(2.14\times 10^{-7}\) & 0.00126 \\ \hline Respiratory effects & kg PM2.5 eq & 0.811 & 0.0172 & 2.73 \\ \hline Ecotoxicity & CTUe & 198 & 2.17 & \(1.72\times 10^{4}\) \\ \hline Fossil fuel depletion & MJ surplus & \(9.65\times 10^{3}\) & 133 & \(3.31\times 10^{4}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Results for 10-inch-diameter ET.