# Citizens' Perception of Smart Cities: A Case Study
## 4 Survey Methodology and Analysis
### Analysis
The college students constitute 8.4% of the participants, and the rest 9.2%, are unemployed or retired citizens. The participants that have taken part in this survey are citizens of a total of 61 cities all over Greece, Cyprus and other European countries. In order to analyze the data in a more composed way, we decided to classify the cities into six big categories:  
1. Citizens of Thessaloniki. 2. Citizens of Athens. 3. Citizens who live in other cities within Greece (Rest of Greece). Citizens of Paphos. * Citizens who live in other cities within Cyprus (Rest of Cyprus), such as Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia. * Greek citizens who live in other European cities, such as London, Liverpool, Manchester Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Copenhagen, Madrid, Bucuresti, Groningen etc. Specifically, 33.2% of the participants live in Thessaloniki (181 in total number) and 13.4% of them live in Athens (73 in total), while there is a total number of 160 Greek citizens (29.5% in percentage number) who live in other 41 Greek cities than Athens and Thessaloniki. As of Cyprus, 14.5% of the participants live in Paphos, while 5.3% live in other Cypriot cities. The 4% of the participants are Greeks who live in other European cities. Table 1 summarizes the results. The five first questions (as shown in Table 1) constituted the questionnaire's first section and were common questions for all participants. The subsequent question was: \"Have you ever heard the term \"Smart City\" before?\" and was purpose was to separate the correspondents who were familiar with the smart city term from those who were not. The results showed that 58.5% of the participants answered \"Yes\". This means that 319 of the participants stated that they had at least heard the smart city term or had a decent knowledge about it. Then the 319 participants, were asked to express their opinion by answering the following question: \"To what extent do you believe that the following options correlate with the smart city concept?\". Since that question was created by the five-point Likert scale, each of its items constituted an ordinal variable in SPSS software. As a result, the Cronbach's alpha value was calculated for the amount of the ordinal variables of this question so that the internal consistency of these items could be checked. We notice that \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Classification** & **Options** & **Values** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Gender} & Male & 278 (51\%) \\  & Female & 267 (49\%) \\  & Sum & 545 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Age} & 18–30 & 203 (37.2\%) \\  & 31–40 & 274 (50.03\%) \\  & 41–50 & 51 (9.4\%) \\  & 51–60 & 13 (2.4\%) \\  & Over 60 & 4 (0.7\%) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Education} & Primary Education & 6 (1.1\%) \\  & Secondary Education & 43 (7.9\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Higher Education & 311 (57.1\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Master’s Degree & 154 (28.3\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Doctoral Diploma & 23 (4.2\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Other & 8 (1.5\%) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Occupation} & Civil Employee & 82 (15\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Private Employee & 260 (47.7\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Self-Employed/Freelancer & 107 (19.6\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & College Student & 46 (8.4\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Retired & 4 (0.6\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Unemployed & 37 (6.8\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Other & 9 (1.8\%) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{City} & Thessaloniki & 181 (33.2\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Athens & 73 (13.4\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Paphos & 79 (14.5\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Rest of Greece & 160 (29.5\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Rest of Cyprus & 29 (5.3\%) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Other European Countries & 22 (4\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Characteristics of participants. the value of [PERSON]'s alpha is 0.606, which indicates an acceptable level of reliability. A number of options/items were presented to the participants. They were offered to choose among the following responses for each option: \"Not important at all\", \"Less important\", \"Moderately important\", \"Quite important\" and \"Very important\".