# Effect of IoT Capabilities and Energy Consumption behavior on Green Supply Chain Integration
## 2 Background and Related Work
### Customer and Supplier integration to Performance  
Structural contingency theory explains that an organization's structure, design, methods, and strategies can fit with the external environment. In manufacturing, suppliers and customers are crucial elements of the external environment. In the supply chain, the manufacturer should develop, select, and implement strategies for their internal and external environment to achieve operational and organizational performance [58; 59; 60]. Therefore, organizations must respond to their internal (within the organization) and external environments (customer and suppliers) through organizational strategies to smooth organizational performance [41].  
A stronger relationship between a customer and a manufacturer not only makes their customers loyal to them but it also enables an organization to understand the needs of their customers through information sharing. A manufacturer can forecast the demands, product design, production planning time, cost, inventory level, and customer needs. As long as a manufacturer and a customer have a close relationship with each other they can share information. So, CI can help a manufacturer to become customer-oriented through collaboration and information sharing to enhance operational, SCP, and organizational performance [11; 41].  
CI typically provides opportunities of leveraging the intelligence in the collaborative process as it enables an organization to understand its customers, create greater values for their customers, reduce costs, and allows for an understanding of the rapid change in customers' demands, market turbulence, and competitive strategies. CI can enhance the customers' satisfaction level as customers' views are involved in the planning, product design, and delivery processes and as a manufacturer takes information and feedback from its customers directly. Furthermore, customers also participate in product innovation and product development indirectly [61; 62]; however, the ultimate goal of CI is customer satisfaction [63].  
Supplier and manufacturer integration can develop a strategic collaboration between a supplier and a manufacturer. SI can enable a supplier to anticipate and understand the needs of its manufacturer and also to predict the rapid change in a manufacturers' demands. SI motivates a manufacturer and a supplier to share information, understand the manufacturers' capabilities, develop production plans, and to develop product delivery process, time, and costs. Therefore, SI plays a major role in planning, production, delivery, and services to achieve operational performance [11; 41].  
SI not only strengthens the relationship between a manufacturer and a supplier but it also improves the customer's satisfaction level, customer services, and customer loyalty since SI is directly related to product planning, product manufacturing, and product performance [64; 65; 66]. Furthermore, SI can enhance the communication between a supplier and a manufacturer to improve operational and organizational performance [54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 67]. Additionally, SI can also improve communication, exchange information, strengthen the relationship, participate in planning, production capabilities, and inventory management to enhance operational and organizational performance. Therefore, both customer and supplier integration can enhance operational, supply chain, and organizational performance [11; 41].