## 2 Methods
### Data Processing and Statistical Analysis
#### 2.4.3 Situation Awareness  
SA is an essential concept in explaining the behavior of the person operating the system. It has been used to evaluate operating behavior in aircraft control, air traffic control, large systems such as chemical processes and nuclear power plants, and tactical and strategic systems such as firefighting and military operation command centers [25].  
In particular, the main human-machine interface of the main control room of a computer-based next-generation nuclear reactor has been designed to improve the operator's SA, which has been used as one of the operator's performance evaluation criteria in the design suitability evaluation experiment [25]. Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART), Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), and Situation Awareness Control Room Inventory (SACRI) are usual evaluation methods of SA.  
SART is a method to evaluate SA through evaluation items according to the degree of attention on system design, the scale of attention on distribution, and the understanding of the situation [26]. SART is one of the self-evaluation methods proposed by [PERSON] [26], and it was first used in the US Air Force's air control system. Since then, SART has evaluated SA in many fields such as flight, cyber security, military operations, submarines, virtual reality, and nuclear power plant control rooms [27]. SART consists of three items: demands on attentional resources (D), supply of attentional resources (S), and understanding of the situation (U). SA score is calculated as \(\text{SA}=\text{U}-(\text{D}-\text{S})\). The detailed items of the demands on attentional resources include instability, complexity, and variability, and the detailed items of the supply of attentional resources include arousal, spare mental capacity,concentration, and division of attention. The detailed items of the understanding of the situation include information quantity, information quality, and familiarity [4] (Table 2).  
SAGAT and SACRI are other situation awareness measurement methods. SAGAT evaluates SA through comprehensive SA requirements, system function, and external environment characteristics after stopping the experiment at a randomly selected time point [28]. SACRI is a method that combines signal detection theory with the evaluation method of SAGAT. Like SAGAT, it is a method to stop the experiment in the middle of the experiment and evaluate the questionnaire [25].  
Compared to the methods of SAGAT and SACRI, SART has the advantage of not interfering with the experiment, because it is a method to evaluate questionnaire items after the experiment is finished. In addition, SART has the advantage that it can be used quickly and easily through minimal prior training [4]. However, SART has a disadvantage in that it relies on individual memory, because the evaluation items are evaluated after the end of the experiment. Nevertheless, it has been an effective method in relatively short experimental scenarios or situations [4].  
This study aimed to comparatively analyze the gaze movements of men and women through an experiment to judge the accident situation in a short experimental scenario. In addition, it was essential to evaluate SA quickly and easily through little training because subjects without prior experience in the nuclear system were used. Therefore, SART was used as the evaluation method of SA.