## 2 Materials and Methods
### Hardware Design  
The hardware of the crop phenotype acquisition system mainly includes four parts: the main control component, the PTP switch, the timing module, and the acquisition module (Figure 1). The main control component selects the RK3588 main control board with an Ethernet card interface (iTOP-RK3588, Beijing Xunwei Electronic Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), which is responsible for data acquisition, storage, uploading to the server, sending control commands to the PTP switch, and controlling the switch. To ensure local debugging and subsequent function expansion, the main control component retains serial ports and HDMI; to ensure the security and reliability of data, data is saved in two ways: local IF card and remote server (LTE EC20-CE Mini PCIe, Shanghai Quectel Wireless Solutions Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). The switch selects an Ethernet switch with an Ethernet card interface and supporting the PTP (SYN2421 IEEE1588 industrial Ethernet switch, Xi'an Sync Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China). It has the function of linking multiple acquisition devices in a local area network and forming a PTP time synchronization domain. It is networked with the timing module through the Gigabit Dual RJ45 Ethernet Ca  
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the crop phenotype collection system, featuring the RK3588 as the main control board. It connects to each RK3568 collection board and sensors through a PTP switch and RJ45 network card. RJ45F902T, Beijing Guangruntong Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) and follows the PTP, sending control commands and transmitting data. The timing module selects three RK3568 timing boards (HZ-EVM-RK3568, Beijing Hezhong Hengyue Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), which are connected to the PTP switch through the PCIE interface of the Gigabit Dual RJ45 Ethernet Card F902T and to the sensors through the network port. A serial port is designed for the rapidity and convenience of local debugging and burning. The Gigabit Dual RJ45 Ethernet Card F902T simultaneously supports the PTP and hardware timestamp synchronization, which can meet the PTP requirements of the three RK3568 timing boards using the hardware timestamp synchronization method. With the goals of low cost and ease of use, the sensor module consists of a Hikvision visible light camera (MV-CS200-10 GC, Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China), a Guide Infrared thermal sensor (IPT430M, Wuhan Guide Infrared Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China), and a LIVOX lidar (Mid-360, Shenzhen Livox Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China). The Hikvision MV-CS200-10 GC visible light camera collects color information of the crop canopy, the Guide Infrared IPT430M thermal sensor continuously and automatically monitors temperature changes, and the LIVOX Mid-360 lidar is used to collect three-dimensional point cloud data of crops. Based on the multiple obtained information such as visible light images, thermal infrared images, and point cloud data, combined with deep learning methods and techniques, phenotype information such as crop branching structure, leaf inclination distribution, plant height, coverage, and texture are obtained. Detailed information on all equipment is shown in Table 1.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**No. ** & **Item** & **Model** & **Main Parameters** & **Equipment Picture** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1} & \multirow{4}{*}{Main Control Board} & \multirow{4}{*}{Xunwei iTOP-RK3588} & CPU: ROCKHIP RK3588 Octa-Core A76+A55 & \\  & & & Main Frequency: 2 GHz & \\  & & & Memory: 16 GB & \\  & & & GPU: integrated Mali G610 3D quad-core GPU & \\  & & & 2-way 1000 Mbps Ethernet, RJ45 port, etc.