## 1 Introduction  
Over the past few years, there has been a growing concern about the harmful effects of traditional chemical stabilizers such as cementitious materials on the environment, leading to increased research and development activities focused on finding sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Cement, a widely used and popular soil stabilizer, emits up to 0.55 metric ton of carbon dioxide per metric ton of cement produced, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change [1]. In particular, the cement industry is a major contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions, responsible for up to 8% of total emissions, with particulate air emissions in the form of cement dust presenting another potential environmental problem. These processes (sometimes called \"industry\" or \"industrial\" processes) and energy emissions are most often reported separately in global emissions inventories [2; 3; 4]. The development of eco-friendly stabilizers and related technologies is one such alternative that can help mitigate the harmful effects of cement on the environment [5]. The major issues of structures associated with soft soil materials used in rammed earth construction include low strength, low durability, and high compressibility. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the geotechnical characteristics, particularly the mechanical properties and durability, of these materials [6]. The use of soil as the primary component in structures offers the advantage of low environmental impact. However, it is accompanied by drawbacks such as low strength, limited durability, and vulnerability to cracking caused by shrinkage during drying. Several research studies have introduced environmentally friendly materials for soil stabilization, aiming to promote soil preservation, sustainable development, and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. [PERSON] et al. (2006) performed a study to evaluate the compressive strength and drying shrinkage of mortar that does not contain cement but is instead based on Hwangthon (red clay) with various mixing ratios; the aim was to explore the possibility of using Hwangthon-based mortar as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional cement-based materials [9]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2012) conducted a study to assess the strength characteristics of soil-based cement mixed with an eco-friendly stabilizer made primarily from short fibers extracted from natural sources and lime. The study also investigated the mechanical properties of weathered clay soil-based cement, varying the content of the eco-friendly stabilizer [10]. Hence, the novel eco-friendly stabilizer, an inorganic chemical substance, was formulated through the utilization of specialized technologies and manufacturing processes. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the eco-friendly stabilizer as a solution to address issues such as low strength, limited durability, and susceptibility to cracking due to shrinkage during drying. Earth-based structures are susceptible to climatic influences, such as wet-dry cycles, which can significantly impact their structural stability and safety [14]. To ensure the stability and safety of earth-based structures in the face of climatic influences, it is crucial to conduct extensive research into the short- and long-term impacts of climate, identify the signs of structural destabilization, and develop technologies that can account for these effects in current designs. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15] established a basic theoretical framework regarding the impact of recurring wet-dry cycles on the shear strength of soil. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [16] conducted a study to examine the effect of repeated wet-dry cycles on the mechanical properties and stress resistance of soil-based structures. The researchers conducted experiments using clay soils and reported physical changes that occurred in the soil structure, which ultimately affected its strength due to alternating wet and dry conditions.