## 3 Results  
### Wind Load Conditions for the Open Courtyard of the Ancestral Hall  
#### 3.1.1 Extreme Wind Pressure and Wind Pressure Coefficient on the Building Surface  
Based on the wind pressure distribution and wind pressure coefficient distribution on the surface of the ancestral hall shown in Figures 8 and 9, the following conclusions can be drawn:  
At a wind angle of \(0^{\circ}\), where the flow is perpendicular to the building ridge, the wind pressure distribution exhibits symmetrical characteristics, with positive pressure evenly distributed on the windward side. The open-style door of the front hall, serving as the typical windward face, demonstrates a typical positive pressure distribution. Additionally, extreme positive pressure values appear at the corners of the windward walls in the middle hall and rear hall. Extreme negative pressure values are observed at the junction of the side walls of the front hall and the eaves, as well as at the ridge of the first courtyard corridor on both sides and the ridge of the rear hall roof. These areas correspond to regions with negative wind pressure coefficients. The minimum wind pressure coefficient is observed at the ridge of the front hall and the rear hall roof, with a value of approximately \(-1\). The middle hall roof of the ancestral hall does not exhibit extreme negative pressure values, likely due to the blocking effect of the front hall on the incoming flow, resulting in the separated airflow reattaching on the rear hall roof rather than the middle hall roof. Figure 8: Wind pressure distribution on the roof: (**a**) \(0^{\circ}\) wind angle; (**b**) \(45^{\circ}\) wind angle; (**c**) \(90^{\circ}\) wind angle. At a wind angle of 45\({}^{\circ}\), significant variations in wind pressure distribution occur due to the differing heights of the roofs of each hall in the ancestral building. The most negative wind pressure tends to concentrate at the junction of the windward walls and the roof ridge of the entire structure. Specifically, the front hall exhibits the most negative pressure at its leeward roof ridge, extending across the entire leeward roof area. The middle hall's negative pressure peak is situated at the midpoint of its leeward roof. Similarly, the rear hall's negative pressure peak occurs at the eaves of the windward side and the roof ridge of the leeward side, albeit with a smaller negative pressure area than that of the front hall. Due to airflow deviations, noticeable negative and positive pressure extremes are observed at the roof ridge of the corridors linking the front and rear courtyards. The minimum negative wind pressure coefficient value is recorded at the rear hall's roof ridge, measuring \(-3.2\), while the wind pressure coefficient on the front hall's roof ridge ranges from \(-1.8\) to \(-2.8\). At a wind direction angle of 90\({}^{\circ}\), where the airflow is parallel to the roof, the building roof predominantly experiences negative pressure. Wind pressure values decrease linearly along the airflow direction, with the most negative pressure occurring at the corners of the roof. Pronounced positive pressure changes are observed on the windward roofs of the courtyard corridors. Wind pressure coefficients on the roof are predominantly negative, with minimum values concentrated at the windward eaves, corners, and roof ridge, ranging from \(-1.5\) to \(-2.3\). Between wind angles of 0\({}^{\circ}\) and 45\({}^{\circ}\), the front hall of the ancestral hall experiences significant effects from incoming airflow, resulting in noticeable positive pressure on its windward facade (Figure 9). At a wind angle of 0\({}^{\circ}\), the distribution of positive pressure exhibits axial symmetry, with peak positive pressure occurring at the junctions of the front facade with the two side walls and on the inner surface of the side walls, reaching a maximum of 550 Pa.