# Physical Properties of _Jatropha curcas_ L. Fruits and Seeds with Respect to Their Maturity Stage
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Effect of Maturity Stage on Mechanical Properties
#### 3.4.1 Fruits
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Fraction**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Rupture Force \(F_{R}\) (N)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Hardness \(H\) (N/mm)**} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Energy for Rupture \(E_{R}\)** \\ **(N mm)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Deformation at Rupture** \\ **Point \(R_{QP}\) (mm)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Deformation Ratio at** \\ **Rupture Force \(R_{DR}\)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{\(x\)-direction (Length)} \\ \hline \hline _Fruits_ & & & & \\ Green & 84.0\({}^{\circ}\) + 14.37 & 15.6\({}^{\rm th}\) + 2.14 & 209.7\({}^{\circ}\) + 50.47 & 4.9\({}^{\rm th}\) + 0.59 & 0.19\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.02 \\ Yellow & 56.7\({}^{\circ}\) + 12.46 & 10.8\({}^{\circ}\) + 2.54 & 201.1\({}^{\circ}\) + 81.39 & 5.5\({}^{\circ}\) + 1.52 & 0.21\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.06 \\ Black & 51.4\({}^{\circ}\) + 10.52 & 26.0\({}^{\circ}\) + 16.18 & 99.3\({}^{\circ}\) + 80.45 & 2.9\({}^{\circ}\) + 1.62 & 0.10\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.06 \\
**Seeds** & & & & \\  “Yellow” & 99.6\({}^{\circ}\) + 33.85 & 63.3\({}^{\circ}\) + 16.39 & 71.5\({}^{\circ}\) + 36.85 & 1.6\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.41 & 0.09\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.02 \\
**“Black”** & 113.2\({}^{\circ}\) + 35.32 & 91.5\({}^{\circ}\) + 22.94 & 64.6\({}^{\circ}\) + 27.97 & 1.3\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.43 & 0.07\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.02 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{\(y\)-direction (Width)} \\ \hline \hline _Fruits_ & & & & \\ Green & 108.3\({}^{\rm th}\) + 15.46 & 14.2\({}^{\rm th}\) + 3.22 & 476.0\({}^{\circ}\) + 137.84 & 7.9\({}^{\circ}\) + 1.80 & 0.34\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.08 \\ Yellow & 98.1\({}^{\circ}\) + 26.18 & 12.5\({}^{\rm th}\) + 5.79 & 322.5\({}^{\circ}\) + 57.13 & 8.7\({}^{\circ}\) + 2.01 & 0.36\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.09 \\ Black & 149.9\({}^{\circ}\) + 39.02 & 33.3\({}^{\circ}\) + 7.78 & 327.8\({}^{\circ}\) + 99.57 & 4.5\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.69 & 0.21\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.03 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{\({}^{\prime}\)**“Yellow”**} & 44.9\({}^{\circ}\) + 14.26 & 71.3\({}^{\circ}\) + 18.18 & 19.2\({}^{\circ}\) + 11.19 & 0.7\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.23 & 0.06\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.02 \\
**“Black”** & 46.0\({}^{\circ}\) + 9.06 & 96.0\({}^{\circ}\) + 14.04 & 12.6\({}^{\circ}\) + 4.78 & 0.5\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.09 & 0.05\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.01 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{\(z\)-direction (Thickness)} \\ \hline \hline _Seeds_ & & & & \\  “Yellow” & 89.5\({}^{\circ}\) + 36.78 & 74.2\({}^{\circ}\) + 34.90 & 62.4\({}^{\circ}\) + 30.75 & 1.3\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.28 & 0.15\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.04 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{\({}^{\prime}\)**“Black”**} & 101.1\({}^{\circ}\) + 31.81 & 90.4\({}^{\circ}\) + 20.40 & 65.6\({}^{\circ}\) + 31.43 & 1.1\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.26 & 0.13\({}^{\circ}\) + 0.03 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Different letters within groups (fruits, seeds) in a column for different directions (length, width, thickness) indicate significant differences at \(r<0.05\). Mean values \(\pm\) standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Mechanical properties of \(l\). _cros_ fruits and seeds at different maturity stages.