## 3 Results and Discussion  
Final images were generated using Blender 3D's Cycles renderer. Four shots from different angles (Figure 6) show the volumetric anatomy of the face.  
Figure 5: The steps of forensic facial approximation. (**A**) The reconstructed skull was incomplete; thus it was filled with a 3D mesh from a virtual donor (**B**). A profile line of the face was drawn (**C**) and the frontal projections was generated (**D**). Anatomical deformation technique was performed to approximate the face (**E**). Comparable nasal deformity was observed (**F**,**G**). A series of structural modifications was performed to adapt with the projections (**H**,**I**). The hairs were added to complete the facial approximation (**J**).  
The authors measured the intracranial volume, which is 1330 mL, comparable to modern humans, which averages 1328 mL [32,33]. The technique based on facial approximation by data extracted from facial measurements of living individuals showed greater anatomical coherence when combined with anatomical deformation.  
Guar Kepah is recorded as a site where both Australomelanesoid and Mongoloid features could be observed within the human remains discovered [7,34,35]. [PERSON] [6] mentioned that some molar features resemble Australomelanesoid and some are intermediate between the Mongoloids and the Melanesians. These irregular features, including a detailed analysis of 37 individuals of Guar Kepah by [PERSON], concluded that the Guar Kepah population is a \"mixture of Mongoloid and Australomelanesian races\".  
[PERSON] [7] inventoried Guar Kepah human remains stored at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, The Netherlands, and concluded that there are 41 individuals from all three shell middens. GKph2017 is the only known Guar Kepah skeleton in Malaysia, though access to the material stored in Leiden is currently limited. The analysis of the human remains shows that the ancient people of Guar Kepah belong to the Melanesoid group, with similar affinities to the modern inhabitants of New Guinea, Australia, and Melanesia [9]. [PERSON] [7] also suggested that the cranial analysis is compatible with the \"transitional Neolithic\" period.  
[PERSON] [36] compiled a set of variables to determine racial origins. The Mongoloid features a rounded orbital margin, medium width nasal aperture, moderate prognathism, absent brow ridge, straight nasal, and wide facial breadth [37,38]. The face is flatter, broader, and squarer with prominent cheekbones and a straight profile [39]. However, the Australomelanesoid displays a squarer orbital margin, a large and elongated mastoid process, and a clear temporal line in the parietal region. Most features from both categories could be observed in the GKph2017 skeleton. The facial reconstruction of GKph2017 mapped and enhanced those features, further supporting [PERSON]'s [6] argument that interbreeding in the Guar Kepah population \"had not occurred for a long time as the racial characteristics are not homogenous\".  
To date, no facial forensic approximation has been made on any human remains from Guar Kepah. This process could help identify any disease or trauma that affected an  
Figure 6: The final image of GKph2017.  
individual during their lifetime [40]. The reconstruction could also suggest an alternative method of discerning archaeological skeletal remains' biological and racial identities and calls for a reassessment of the current affinities associated with Guar Kepah skeletons. Part of the process and technique indirectly promotes digital documentation in the conservation of human remains in Malaysia and enhances the cranimetric and morphological analysis.