# Smart Energy Meters for Smart Grids, an Internet of Things Perspective
## 3 Computational Platforms
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Hardware Type** & **Offering/Architecture** & **Characteristics** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Stratix} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Quad-Core ARM Cortex-A53 up to 1.5 GHz, NEON SMD instructions} \\  & & available, 32 KB L1 separate data/instruction cache, 512 KB L2 cache, external \\  & & RAM and static memory support, UART, IEC, 48 GPIO, 374-2304 pin user IO, 378 K to 10,200 K logic cells, 128,160-3,466,080 adaptive logic modules, 30–253 Mb M20K memory, 1296–6912 multipliers \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Agilex} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Quad-Core ARM Cortex-A53 up to 1.5 GHz, NEON SMD instructions} \\  & & available, 32 KB L1 separate data/instruction cache, 512 KB L2 cache, external \\  & & RAM and static memory support, UART, IEC, 48 GPIO, 192–382 differential \\  & & RX/TX pairs, 573,480 to 2,692,760 logic cells, 194,400–912,800 adaptive logic \\  & & modules, 56–259 Mb M20K memory, 3280–17,056 multipliers, 1640–8528 DSP blocks \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Bagberry Pi 4} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Quad-core Cortex-A72 CPU, up to 4 GB RAM, 40 pin GPIO, Wi-Fi, gigabit} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Ethernet, USB (2.0 and 3.0), HDMI, BLE, micro SD card, HDMI, camera and DSI display ports, composite audio video port.} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Sitara AM5729 processor (dual-core ARM main processor, dual-core ARM coprocessor, 4 vision engines, 2 DSP processors, hardware acceleration for video, Ethernet, ICSS, Profibus and Profinet interfaces), 72 GPIO pins, 1 GB RAM, USB, UART, SPI, IEC, CAN, A/D, microHDMI, Ethernet, Bluetooth} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Coral Dev Board} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{NXP i.MX 8M SoC (quad-core Cortex A-53 for main processing, Cortex M4-F for small functions), GPU GC7000 like, TPU coprocessor, up to 4 GB RAM, 8 GB Flash, Wi-Fi, USB, gigabit Ethernet, HDMI, GPIO} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Jetson Nano} & 4–12 core CPU, 4–32 GB of RAM, up to 5 different neural processing units. \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Apollo3 Blue} & 32-bit ARM cortex-M4F 48 MHz processor, 1 MB flash, 348 KB SRAM, BLE5, camera connector, 4 GPIO \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Syntiant} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Cortex M0+ 48 MHz, NDP101 neural processor, 256 KB flash, 32 KB RAM, 5 digital GPIO, UART, IEC, micro SD} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{STM32L4} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Cortex M4, 128 KB SRAM, 1 MB flash memory, 64 Mbit SPI flash memory, programmable RF module, Wi-Fi, NFC} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Bagberry Pi 4} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{ATmega-based boards, up to 8 MHz clock speed, 32 KB flash memory, 0.5 KB–8 KB RAM, GPIO, IEC, UART and through extensions, Wi-Fi, BLE, NFC, LoRa and Sigfox, etc., connectivity} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{STCOMET} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{ARM Cortex M4 processor, 3 channel A/D converter, power line} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{STCOMET} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{communication protocols, up to 1 MB flash memory and 256 Bytes RAM, DSP processor} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Zeus} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{ARM Cortex M3 at 120 MHz for application processing, 32 bit MAXQ30 with DSP support for metering calculations, up to 128 kB RAM, up to 1024 kB ROM, high dynamic range fast 24-bit ADCs, IEC, UART, SPI, no PLC module} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Jetson} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Edge SoM for AI processing, up to 8 cores, GPU and neural processing unit, up to 64 GB RAM, typically 4 GB} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Myriad X} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Edge SoC, 16 core CPU at 700 MHz, neural compute engine, 2.5 MB RAM} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._look-up tables (LUTs), DSP slices, distributed memory, tri-state encoders, etc. The different solutions on offer from the vendors are listed in Table 7, describing key properties of FPGA solutions.