## 3 Results of the PLS-SEM Path Model Estimation
### Assessing the PLS-SEM Results of the Structural Model  
Concerning the assessment of discriminant validity, three criteria are considered. First, no cross-loadings (correlations) with other constructs should be higher or equal to an indicator's outer loading with its construct. Second, the square root of each construct's AVE should exceed its highest correlation with any other construct, according to the Fornell-Larcker criterion [51; 52]. Lastly, the heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT) of the correlations, representing the ratio of the between-trait correlations to the within-trait correlations, should be below 0.90, but below 0.85 is allowed in cases where the constructs are highly conceptually distinctive in the path model [53]. The HTMT requires the bootstrapping procedure, which assesses the significance of statistics yielded using PLS-SEM and finds out if any unsupported relations exist when the dataset cannot be guaranteed to follow a normal (Gaussian) distribution pattern. Considering the 14 questions answered by each of the 71 respondents, 994 was the total number of answers. The average option did not concentrate most of the occurrences, as the distribution was: alternative 1 (10.3%), alternative 2 (13.7%), alternative 3 (22.8%), alternative 4 (20.4%), and alternative 5 (32.8%). The number of bootstrapping samples should be high and at least equal to the number of observations. Each sample from the total of 5000 (SmartPLS 4 default value) contained 71 observations. Thus, 5000 structural models via PLS-SEM were estimated. The confidence interval method was the bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap, and the test type was two-tailed with a significance level of 0.10 supported by [23]. Table 7 shows all the values. In the inner model, there were also no collinearity problems. The VIF values ranged from 1.181 to 1.576. None was 5.000 or above [23]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Cross-Loadings (Correlations)**} \\ \hline Indicator & DESEMP & EFICA & EFICI & INFRA & SOCIO \\ \hline DESEMP-1 & 0.783 & 0.556 & \(-\)0.174 & 0.371 & 0.270 \\ DESEMP-3 & 0.837 & 0.507 & \(-\)0.162 & 0.468 & 0.314 \\ DESEMP-4 & 0.866 & 0.649 & \(-\)0.369 & 0.580 & 0.527 \\ EFICA-1 & 0.594 & 0.880 & \(-\)0.249 & 0.513 & 0.388 \\ EFICA-3 & 0.639 & 0.897 & \(-\)0.184 & 0.342 & 0.519 \\ EFICI-3 & \(-\)0.298 & \(-\)0.242 & 1.000 & \(-\)0.364 & \(-\)0.067 \\ INFRA-1 & 0.603 & 0.536 & \(-\)0.359 & 0.945 & 0.414 \\ INFRA-2 & 0.453 & 0.317 & \(-\)0.308 & 0.901 & 0.282 \\ SOCIO-1 & 0.433 & 0.544 & \(-\)0.094 & 0.479 & 0.896 \\ SOCIO-2 & 0.379 & 0.346 & \(-\)0.019 & 0.181 & 0.862 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Fornell and Larcker’s Criterion**} \\ \hline Construct & DESEMP & EFICA & EFICI & INFRA & SOCIO \\ \hline DESEMP & 0.829 & & & & \\ EFICA & 0.695 & 0.889 & & & \\ EFICI & \(-\)0.298 & \(-\)0.242 & 1.000 & & \\ INFRA & 0.581 & 0.477 & \(-\)0.364 & 0.923 & \\ SOCIO & 0.464 & 0.513 & \(-\)0.067 & 0.386 & 0.879 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Hetorotrait–Monotrait (HTMT) Ratio**} \\ \hline Construct & DESEMP & EFICA & EFICI & INFRA & SOCIO \\ \hline DESEMP & 1 & & & \\ EFICA & 0.911 & 1 & & \\ EFICI & 0.335 & 0.296 & 1 & & \\ INFRA & 0.696 & 0.597 & 0.399 & 1 & \\ SOCIO & 0.603 & 0.706 & 0.151 & 0.495 & 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Cross-loadings, Fornell [PERSON]’s criterion, and heterotrait–monotrait ratios. The coefficient of determination (R\({}^{2}\)) assesses the explained variance in the dependent (endogenous) constructs caused by all the independent (exogenous) constructs. As a guideline, substantial, moderate, or weak predictive accuracy are respectively indicated by R\({}^{2}\) values of 0.75, 0.50, or 0.25 [23]. For the performance endogenous construct, it yielded 0.573 for the original R\({}^{2}\) (statistically meaning the explained variance), and 0.606 for the sample mean R\({}^{2}\) from the bootstrapping. Path coefficients (\(\beta\)) play a pivotal role in the evaluation of causal connections between constructs.