## 3 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bacteria** & **Average** & **LL-UL** & **SEM** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline Normal inhabitants of bovine skin and & \multicolumn{3}{c}{log cfu/g} \\ mucosa (NI) & 4.70 * & 3.21-4.86 & 0.082 & 0.001 \\ _Staphylococcus_ spp. (TStr) & 1.89 * & 0.5–3.29 & 0.148 & 0.031 \\ _Streptococcus_ spp. (TStr) & 1.87 * & 1.00–2.30 & 0.135 & 0.049 \\ Yeast (TYMC) & 2.95 * & 1.61–3.25 & 0.019 & 0.046 \\ LAB & 2.94 * & 1.29–3.72 & 0.006 & 0.001 \\ \hline Environmental contaminants (EC) & & & & \\ \hline Psychotrophic bacteria (THPC) & 5.24 & 4.56–5.78 & 0.366 & 0.897 \\ _Bacillus_ spp. (TCBac) & 2.96 & 2.48–3.02 & 0.313 & 0.604 \\ Mouds (TMMC) & 1.97 & 1.74–2.24 & 0.185 & 0.091 \\ \hline Faecal contaminants (FC) & & & & \\ \hline _Enterobacteriaceae_ (TEb) & 2.43 * & 1.18–2.98 & 0.267 & 0.049 \\ _E. coli_ (Ec) & 1.38 * & 0.00–2.00 & 0.348 & 0.048 \\ _Enterococcus_ spp. (TEc) & 2.37 & 1.69–2.59 & 0.134 & 0.167 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Microbiotic diversity of freeze-dried bovine colostrum samples. (Tst), and the results were comparable and not dependent on the working gas used. Only for LAB, among which representatives of _Lactococcus_ sp. and _Lactobacillus_ sp. were determined, a gas-dependent level of cfu reduction was established. In this case, the plasma process was most effective (reduction of 0.88 logs) in the experiment with oxygen (Table 3). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are classified as EC group, and their natural occurrence in colostrum is usually considered a source of strains with probiotic functions [43]. However, the nutrients of colostrum available to LAB can promote the proliferation of these bacteria, leading to a drop in colostrum pH caused by the active fermentation process. The consequence is a reduction of the nutritional values of colostrum [44]. As it has already been established, the reaction of microorganisms to cold plasma varies. The single or synergistic interaction of reactive plasma components activates a series of successive mechanisms of cell inactivation [40; 42; 45]. The adsorption of reactive plasma molecules to the cell surface results in the formation of chemical compounds that generate changes in the cell membrane. This affects the regulation of transport in the cell and intracellular changes in pH [44]. There are three primary mechanisms: oxidative damage to cell proteins and cell membrane lipids and damage to DNA for RNOS action [40; 46; 47]. In addition, reactive oxygen and nitrogen forms can be transported across the cell membrane into the cell and oxidate intracellular components [48]. Therefore, as in Gram-negative bacteria, a thinner cell membrane structure results in a less pronounced resistance against these plasma stress factors. This is confirmed by the results of our study and [PERSON] et al. [41], who showed significantly lower sensitivity of _L. innocua_ than _E. coli._ The faintest bacterial decontamination effect in the colostrum samples tested was obtained in sporulating bacteria and moulds. Regardless of the gas used, bacterial counts were lower by 0.50-0.67 log and filamentous fungi by 0.45-0.49 log (Table 3). Bacterial and mould spores are characterized by high resistance to destructive environmental factors, including those generated by CP. The multilayered structure of the envelopes and the presence of dipicolinic acid (DPA) and SASPs (small amide-soluble proteins) reduce their sensitivity to CP-generated factors [49]. Understanding the mechanisms of cold plasma action requires further research. According to [PERSON] et al. [50], the destruction of spores, like vegetative forms, results from a violation of the integrity of the spore and leakage of cytoplasm. [PERSON] et al. [15] show that UV radiation plays an important function in spores' inactivation. UV photons emitted during the plasma process cause dimerization of thymine and cytosine bases, which results in reduced bacterial reproduction.