## 5 Conclusions  
Nowadays, food quality is increasingly a focus of our society due to the evolution of science and advancements in modern technology. Several food quality incidents have recently occurred, negatively impacting suppliers' reputations and consumers' interests and significantly impacting public health. Taking special care regarding infant formula milk (IFM) is crucial because we are dealing with newborns and babies. Infants are more likely to become infected with foodborne pathogenic bacteria due to their immature immune systems and the permeability of their digestive tracts. The IFM has been a target of smugglers and those looking to make illegal high profits, like the Chinese scandal in 2008 when melamine was added to deceive consumers by increasing the white color to look like concentrated protein. In addition, Abbott Laboratories issued a massive recall in February of 2022 after acknowledging that some versions of Similac, Alimentum, and EleCare baby formula contained Salmonella Newport and Cronobacter Sakazakii bacteria. A lab report confirmed that IFMs were contaminated, and the production facility failed to maintain sanitary conditions. Food safety involves several links between the actors of the infant formula milk supply chains (IFMSCs), including but not limited to the suppliers of raw materials, manufacturers, transporters and distributors, and standards of storage facilities to ensure adherence to quality [74]. The authors of the current research identified a gap in the literature on how to overcome the concerns and challenges in the IFMSCs to ensure the quality of IFM. Figure 11: Sensitivity analysis correlation graph. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance measurement of IFM in the supply chain by identifying the most critical risks that can affect IFM quality, emphasizing the essential criteria, and mitigating them appropriately to eliminate the rate of adulteration and contamination. As part of mitigating risks, specific steps were taken to understand the different processes for supply chain risk mitigation (SCRM), starting with identifying the risk, analyzing it, evaluating it, and finally, eliminating or limiting setbacks. The research employed the triangulation paradigm (literature analysis, surveys, and interviews) to ensure that qualitative and quantitative tools were combined effectively, thus improving the reliability of data collection and verification. A predefined environmental, operational, and product quality information dimension was used to identify IFMSC risk factors. The predefined dimensions were also used to categorize 50 of 160 risks. According to the survey questionnaire results, three risks were classified as crisis issues and selected, including \"Lack of assessment of environmental and natural disasters\", \"Lack of visibility and potential traceability of products\", and \"Contamination (biochemical/microbial)\". For risk analysis, expert feedback was required on the mitigation strategies for each of the five major mitigation strategy factors (acceptance, avoidance, controlling, transference, and monitoring). An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model was developed to prioritize mitigation strategies for the IFMSC based on expert feedback to maximize safety. To maximize the quality of the IFM, QR.M2 was ranked highest and most important, based on an avoidance strategy from the five key mitigation strategies. It makes sense, particularly when we are discussing a product for infants. Accepting, controlling, transferring, or monitoring our risks is inappropriate in this situation. Public health, especially infant health, depends on avoiding risks, and IFM must undergo precise testing and quality checks at every stage of the supply chain to ensure its quality. Although IFMs require extensive quality control throughout the food supply chain (FSC) before they are delivered to consumers, finding an equilibrium point between the centralized and the decentralized models without giving a single authority point to any part of the supply chain is imperative.