# Trusted Energy-Aware Hierarchical Routing (TEAHR) for Wireless Sensor Networks
## 3 Proposed Studies
### Proposed Algorithm
Energy consumption plays a pivotal role over time in wireless sensor networks; in Figure 13, all algorithms increase their energy consumption over time; none of them show a decrease in energy, which might be expected as resources are consumed and tasks become more energy-intensive. The TEAHR algorithm stands out as the most energy-conserving algorithm throughout the simulation, maintains a stable packet forwarding rate, and enhances energy efficiency by around 20%. This characteristic could make it a preferred choice in scenarios where energy conservation is crucial, such as in battery-powered devices or remote sensing equipment. The initial energy efficiency of the TIOCHR algorithm may be advantageous in short-term applications, but for more extended simulations or real-time applications, its energy usage becomes less favorable. Figure 11: Average latency analysis Energy Efficient Algo [35], Ant Algo [36], and TIOCHR Alo [34]. While TEAHR offers advanced trust management and robust security features, its computational complexity may not be suitable for all types of sensor networks. TEAHR is designed for moderate-to-large-scale WSNs where security, trust, and resilience are of utmost importance. These networks typically operate in dynamic, high-risk environments,

Figure 12: Packet forward rate analysis Energy Efficient Algo [35], Ant Algo [36], and TIOCHR Algo [34]. Figure 13: Energy consumption analysis Energy Efficient Algo [35], Ant Algo [36], and TIOCHR Algo [34]. where anomalous activities, unreliable nodes, and false data injection pose significant threats. TEAHR may be suitable for high trustworthiness, resilience against anomaly activity, and hierarchical routing, making it feasible for long-term deployments. While TEAHR excels in security-sensitive applications, it introduces computational and energy overhead that may not be feasible for extremely low-power or highly dynamic networks. ## 5 Conclusions

By evaluating the consistency of sensor nodes based on their behavior and performance, trust management is a multi-pronged method that improves the safety of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This is accomplished by analyzing the consistency of sensor nodes. Through the utilization of mathematical models and trust evaluation techniques, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are able to design communication channels that are safe and protect themselves against threats that originate from within the network boundaries. As the state of the art in technology continues to improve, there is little question that trust management systems will continue to play an essential role in guaranteeing the security and efficiency of wireless sensor networks. Our Trusted Energy-Aware Hierarchical Routing (TEAHR) for Wireless Sensor Networks displays good performance across a variety of parameters, such as an examination of the average latency, an analysis of the packet forwarding rate, and an analysis of the energy usage. After doing these evaluations, it was discovered that the TEAHR algorithm had the lowest energy usage throughout the duration of the simulation. As a result, it was determined to be the most energy-efficient algorithm among those that were selected for comparison. The TEAHR dynamic method makes this algorithm more robust; we need to further test this by utilizing a hybrid technique; then, we can make sure that the algorithm is more resilient, energy efficient, and secure enough to detect anomalies in wireless sensor networks by maintaining Trust among the sensor's nodes. To do this, we need to make sure that the algorithm is able to detect anomalies in wireless sensor networks. Our proposed algorithm reduces total latency by 15%, enhances energy efficiency by around 20%, and maintains a stable packet forwarding rate. This algorithm is even more potent because of the TEAHR dynamic approach. V.: writing--original draft, methodology. C.W. : writing--supervision, conceptualization, formal analysis. B.B.S. : writing--supervision, conceptualization, formal analysis. M.M.