## 4 Results and Discussion
### The Evolution of Research on Carbon Footprint  
On the Scopus platform, academic research conducted under the \"carbon footprint\" title between 2014 and 2024 was reviewed, and a literature review of the selected time period was conducted. The graphs generated from publications indexed on the Scopus platform between 2014 and 2024 clearly highlight the increasing interest in carbon management and sustainability in the literature, as well as the growing significance of these topics within academic circles. Figure 7 illustrates the distribution of academic studies on carbon footprint and manufacturing processes between 2014 and 2024. It shows a significant increase in publications in this field over the years. While there were only 210 publications in 2014, the number reached 887 by 2023. A notable surge in interest occurred after 2020, with a sharp rise in publications from 2021 onward, reflecting a growing focus on these topics. The graph clearly demonstrates the increasing attention given to carbon footprint and sustainable manufacturing processes over the past decade, highlighting their growing importance within academic circles. Figure 8 illustrates the distribution of academic works on \"Carbon Footprint and Manufacturing Processes\" between 2014 and 2024, categorized by publication type. The top three categories are articles (3322 publications), conference papers (778 publications), and book chapters (219 publications). These numbers highlight that the topic has been widely addressed in academia, with a particular emphasis on articles as the predominant format for research output. Figure 7: Trends in Academic Publications on Carbon Footprint and Manufacturing Processes (2014–2024). Additionally, the graph shows that research on carbon footprint is not limited to articles but is also presented in conference papers and book chapters. This diversity demonstrates that researchers are approaching the subject from an interdisciplinary perspective, reflecting an increasing interest in sustainable manufacturing processes. Figure 9 highlights that academic studies on 'Carbon Footprint and Manufacturing Processes' are particularly concentrated under the fields of Environmental Science (2198 articles), Engineering (1595 articles), and Energy (1388 articles). Additionally, it emphasizes that these studies are approached from an interdisciplinary perspective, with increasing attention given to topics such as carbon management and energy efficiency in the context of sustainable production, reflecting growing interest within academic circles. Figure 10 illustrates the geographic distribution of academic publications on \"Carbon Footprint and Manufacturing Processes\" from 2014 to 2024. China leads with 1056 articles, followed by the United States with 553 and the United Kingdom with 376 publications. This data highlights that research on carbon footprint is concentrated in these countries, showing their significant contribution to this field. Figure 8: Distribution of Publications on Carbon Footprint and Manufacturing Processes by Type (2014-2024). Figure 9: Distribution of Academic Studies on Carbon Footprint and Manufacturing Processes by Subject Area. Figure 11 presents the number of academic articles published over the last decade, specifically from 2014 to 2024, as indexed by Google Scholar and Web of Science. The data clearly shows a growing trend in academic interest across both platforms. According to Google Scholar, the number of articles increased from 650 in 2014 to a peak of 1580 in 2023, before a slight decline in 2024 to 1200. Similarly, Web of Science data shows a steady rise from 936 articles in 2014 to a peak of 4496 in 2023, followed by a decrease to 3382 in 2024. This graph reflects the increasing academic attention toward topics related to carbon footprint, sustainable practices, and manufacturing processes over the past decade.