# Perceived Usefulness of a Mandatory Information System
## 4 Materials and Methods
### Measures  
In this study, a demographic questionnaire was specifically designed to gather information such as gender, type of service, education level, and age of respondents. The assessments of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and symbolic adoption were based on a questionnaire from [48]. Supervisory influence was evaluated using questionnaires from [19; 47]. These items were translated into Hebrew, with back translation and validation by two independent, bilingual judges. Perceived ease of use was measured using three statements, rated from 1 (agree to a very small extent) to 5 (agree to a very large extent). perceived ease of use was measured using the following statements: (1) My interaction with the system is clear and understandable. (2) It is easy for me to remember how to perform my job assignments using the system. (3) Overall, I find the system easy to use. These statements included clarity of interaction with the SAP system, ease of remembering job assignments using it, and overall ease of use. The overall [PERSON]'s alpha for these items was 0.76, indicating reliability. It is important to note that the removal of any single item did not improve the [PERSON]'s alpha: thus, all three items were retained to ensure a comprehensive assessment of perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness was similarly assessed with three items, focusing on the SAP system's impact on work efficiency, job performance, and productivity. perceived usefulness was assessed with the following items: (1) Using the system will make my work more efficient; (2) Using the system will increase my job performance; (3) Using the system will increase the productivity of my work. The overall [PERSON]'s alpha for these items was  
Figure 1: Structural hypothesized equation model. 0.84, indicating high reliability. Similar to perceived ease of use, the removal of any item did not improve the [PERSON]'s alpha, thereby justifying the inclusion of all three items to accurately measure perceived usefulness. Symbolic Adoption was evaluated with three items, measuring enthusiasm and desire for using and fully deploying the SAP system. After removing one item, the overall [PERSON]'s alpha increased from 0.82 to 0.91. Symbolic Adoption was evaluated with the following items: (1) I am enthusiastic about using the system; (2) It is my desire to see the full utilization and deployment of the system. After determining that the removal of one item improved the [PERSON]'s alpha, the item was omitted, and the remaining items provided a more reliable measure of symbolic adoption. Supervisor influence was assessed with three items, rated similarly, focusing on support and expectations for using SharePoint. The removal of one item improved the overall [PERSON]'s alpha from 0.73 to 0.85. Supervisor influence was assessed with the following items: (1) As far as I know, my manager thinks I should use the system; (2) I will have to use the system in performing some of my tasks because my supervisor expects me to do so. In summary, the careful selection and validation of items for each construct, combined with the application of contemporary data normalization techniques, provide a strong foundation for the study's findings. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were each assessed with three items, demonstrating high reliability ([PERSON]'s alpha of 0.76 and 0.84, respectively). The retention of all items was validated, as removing any item did not improve the Alpha. Symbolic adoption was refined by removing one item, which significantly improved its reliability from a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 to 0.91. The two remaining items effectively captured the construct. Supervisor influence was similarly refined, with the removal of one item improving the Cronbach's alpha from 0.73 to 0.85, ensuring a reliable measure of this construct. The application of the 'bestNormalize' R package (1.9.1) [49; 50] addressed potential issues with data normality, allowing for the assumption of a normal distribution even with a modest sample size.