## 4 Results  
Following the methodological process explained in the preceding section, the consultations with the IRO staff of the four participating HEIs took place from September 2021 to February 2022. Table 2 shows the amounts of paper used by SU, IZTECH, UVIGO, and UNINA, both in total and per beneficiary of each type of mobility. It is noticeable that the additional documents handled by the Turkish HEIs (presented in bold in Table 1) cause a significant increase in the paper wastage per beneficiary. Most commonly, this is related to the fact that beneficiaries from Turkey need to apply for a Schengen vis in order to enter the EU countries. Table 3 shows the calculated times-in minutes-spent yearly by individual IRO staff members from SU, IZTECH, UVIGO, and UNINA with the different documents required by the four types of mobilities. Table 4 lists the average time saving factors indicated by the consulted IRO staff for the different types of documents. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l r r r r} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Paper Wastage**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Number of Printed Pages (NPP)**} \\  & **SU** & **IZTECH** & **UVIGO** & **UNINA** \\ \hline Per SMS beneficiary & 45 & 79 & 31 & 39 \\ Per SMP beneficiary & 31 & 76 & 24 & 36 \\ Per STA beneficiary & 25 & 44 & 20 & 25 \\ Per STT beneficiary & 24 & 41 & 20 & 25 \\ Total (including other & & & \\ paperwork) & 23,647 & 5664 & 24,339 & 43,757 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Total and per beneficiary amounts of paper. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Mobility Types and**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Total _Average Processing Times (In Minutes)_**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **SU** & **IZTECH** & **UVIGO** & **UNINA** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{SMS and SMP} & Grant agreement & 15,016 & 2599 & 18,367 & 23,226 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Learning agreement/Work & & & \\  & programme & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Outgoing application form & 31,497 & 21,279 & 6284 & 3974 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Acceptance form & 1797 & 743 & 2292 & 2285 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Certificate of arrival & 1797 & 743 & 3118 & 1852 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Departure certificate & 1797 & 6480 & 3118 & 1369 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Transcript of records & 2517 & 1772 & 3339 & 1750 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Bank details form & 1502 & 8809 & 1837 & 2183 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Social security/tax declaration & 2760 & 0 & 1837 & 3974 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Letter of acceptance to entrants & 275 & 101 & 1214 & 875 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Copy of incoming ID/passport & 295 & 1519 & 1281 & 5352 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Copy of incoming insurance & 591 & 1316 & 2562 & 1078 \\ \cline{2-5}  & University nomination & 275 & 4928 & 1214 & 2666 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Incoming application form & 295 & 1772 & 1281 & 977 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Other documents & 5640 & 13,753 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{STA and STT} & Grant agreement & 2428 & 1823 & 2793 & 1709 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Work programme & 2890 & 405 & 1648 & 2466 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Application form & 1465 & 405 & 410 & 802 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Invitation letter & 425 & 135 & 410 & 279 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Letter of acceptance & 470 & 34 & 349 & 279 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Certificate of attendance & 470 & 34 & 549 & 279 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Report of expenses & 1311 & 270 & 1396 & 773 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Certificate of participation & 328 & 135 & 349 & 279 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Other documents & 1410 & 1991 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Total Average Processing Times for the different documents. From these figures and the calculations of the workload implied by each document type, Table 5 summarizes the overall savings foreseen for the four surveyed HEIs, in the following terms:  
* Total working weeks saved in managing their current yearly numbers of mobilities.