It is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia, where it has different local names: Thailand (Kra-Chai-Dam), Myanmar (Nannwin Nat), and Malaysia (Cekur hitam) [18; 19]. It can also be found in other Asian countries such as India and China [20; 21]. This rhizome has been used in folk medicine for many centuries to cure erectile dysfunction, gastrointestinal complaints, high blood glucose, and metabolic disorders [22; 23; 24; 25], and for the improvement of endurance, vigor, and muscle strength [26]. A variety of pharmacological activities has also been reported from its extracts, such as anti-inflammatory [27], antioxidant [28; 29], antiallergic [30], anticancer [31; 32], anticholinesterase [33], antimicrobial [22], anti-obesity [34], neuro-protective [35; 36; 37; 38], sexually enhancing [39], anti-acne [40], and antimutagenic [41] properties. Most of the phytochemical studies on _K. parviflora_ in the 2020s have discussed the isolation and structural identification of methoxy flavones in rhizomes and the evaluation of its pharmaceutical properties [30; 33; 41; 42; 43; 44]. In addition, the presence of phenolic glycosides [45; 46], acetophenone [47], and terpenoids [15; 48; 49; 50] has been reported from the rhizome extracts. On the other hand, the volatile compounds present in rhizomes are poorly studied; there are only five studies available to date [15; 48; 49; 50; 51], and different results regarding the quantities and concentrations of the identified compounds were reported. The essential oils of the plant also remained unexplored for their pharmaceutical applications [15]. It is, therefore, of great interest to better understand the complete VOC profile of the rhizomes and explore more of its value. Due to the recognition of bioactive properties of _K. parviflora_ rhizome extracts, they has been extensively used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and fragrance industries. Its mass collection to meet the growing demand led to the depletion of wild resources, which affected the natural population of _K. parviflora_[52]. Moreover, the availability of rhizomes is becoming limited because of its long dormancy period; it usually takes a 12-month growing period to reach maturity [53; 54; 55]. These factors led to the scarcity of sources to fulfill the need for economic purposes. In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in exploring non-target, agricultural by-products as potential sources of industrially important compounds. In other _Kaempfera_ species, such as _K. galanga_, the foliage contains several bioactive metabolites [56; 57] and has shown sedative [58], anti-inflammatory [59], and antioxidant properties [60]. It is also used in food flavorings, beverages, and cosmetic product preparations [60; 61; 62]. In _K. parviflora_, after harvesting the rhizomes, the leaves are discarded, and their potential uses are poorly explored. To date, only two studies on the screening of bioactive metabolites from foliage are available. [PERSON] et al. (2021) investigated a total of 42 compounds, including 26 flavonoids and 16 phenolics, from the leaf extracts of in vitro- and ex vitro-grown plants using liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS) [63]. The results also showed that some of the methoxy flavones present in rhizomes were identified in the leaves. In addition, the lipophilic metabolite profile in the leaf extracts was explored by [PERSON] et al. (2021) using liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MRM-MS) and reported the presence of carotenoids, tocopherols, fatty acids, phylloquinone (Vitamin K1), and phytosterols [64]. Other than those compounds, the profile and content of VOCs in _K. parviflora_ leaves have not been examined, but should also be explored. It is interesting to investigate whether the leaves can be a potential alternative source of economically important volatiles for rhizomes, considering the scarcity of rhizomes in the present-day market.