## 1 Introduction  
Arterial stiffness (AS) is increasingly being recognized as a high-risk marker for adverse cardiovascular events, as it indicates the loss of arterial wall elasticity and serves as a key indicator of vascular health [1]. Deterioration in arterial flexibility is linked with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and it also impacts systemic circulation and the efficient nutrient exchange between the bloodstream and organs [2]. The primary causes of increased AS include aging, hypertension, and metabolic disorders, all of which contribute to structural changes in the arterial wall [3]. As a result, AS measurement plays a crucial role in the early identification of individuals at a high cardiovascular risk, enabling timely intervention and personalized treatment strategies. The most widely used technique for assessing AS is through the measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), which evaluates the transit time of blood flow between two arteries. The European standard for assessing this parameter is the carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) [4], and the gold standard for measuring cfPWV is via explanation tonometry using a SphygmoCor system [5]. However, achieving precise measurements with the SphygmoCor system demands considerable expertise. Indeed, the procedure involves locating the carotid and femoral arteries, necessitating specialized staff, and becoming unsuitable for routine patient screenings in daily healthcare centers. Moreover, it is time-consuming and relatively invasive, as it includes measurements at the groin and requires the calculation of distances between the carotid and femoral sites. Consequently, measurements with the SphygmoCor(r) system (CardieX Limited, Sydney, Australia) are prone to errors and inaccuracies, especially in determining the path length between the carotid and femoral sites [6]. An accepted alternative to explanation tonometry for indirectly analyzing the cfPWV is the use of oscillometric methods, which are measured directly on the arm. These methods estimate aortic PWV (aPWV), which correlates well with cfPWV, providing valuable insights into central arterial stiffness [7]. An oscillometric measurement involves a non-invasive technique that is potentially easier and faster to use in daily clinical practice. As a semi-automatic method, it does not require specialized staff for its operation or the precise localization of arteries for measurement. Essentially, the oscillometric method applies pressure on the arm to nearly completely obstruct blood flow, allowing for minimal blood passage. At this point, the oscillations caused by arterial pulsations are detected by an integrated pressure sensor. These oscillations are then processed using proprietary algorithms to estimate aPWV and other hemodynamic parameters. The Mobil-O-Graph(r) (MOG; IEM GmbH, Aachen, Germany) is one of the most widely used oscillometric devices for estimating aPWV in both clinical and research settings. While it is not considered the gold standard, previous comparative studies have reported a moderate correlation with cfPWV, supporting its use as a pragmatic surrogate method [8]. Moreover, MOG has been compared with other methodologies, which evaluate the AS, including cardiac resonance [9] or intra-aortic catheter measurements [10], among others. The MOG device could be extremely valuable in daily screening environments, potentially enabling the early identification of patients at cardiovascular risk. However, the high cost of these specific devices can pose a challenge for their implementation in primary care, especially in settings where access to specialized equipment is limited, such as depopulated areas or developing regions. Furthermore, these devices require regular calibration and maintenance to ensure measurement accuracy, which adds to the overall operational cost and complexity.