esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 5 Experimental Results
### Characteristics of the Proposed Approach
#### 5.1.3 Fraction of Non-Dominated Solutions
Analyzing the results for six knapsacks in Figure 8c, we can see that, very quickly, all solutions generated by _NSGA-II_, _NSGA-III_, and _PO-count_ start belonging to the first non-dominated front. After approximately 50 generations, all solutions belong to the single first ND-front. At the same time, _PO-prob\({}^{*}\)_ produces more than one non-dominated front up to the last generation \(gen=500\). However, the percentage of solutions belonging to the first ND-front is still high: it reaches 90% for \(gen=100\) and reaches its maximum of 97% for \(gen=500\). As expected, _PO-prob\({}^{*}\)_ follows _PO-prob_ until \(gen=350\) and joins _NSGA-II_ after that. Figure 8d shows the corresponding results for \(n_{k}=10\). The fraction of solutions belonging to the first non-dominated front becomes close to 100% very quickly for all algorithms. This happens at \(gen=20\) for _NSGA-II_, _NSGA-III_, and _PO-count_. The corresponding value for _PO-prob_ and _PO-prob\({}^{*}\)_ is \(gen=60\). For larger numbers of knapsacks, the value of 100% is reached even faster. These results demonstrate that compared to the other algorithms, _PO-prob\({}^{*}\)_ generates the lowest number of incomparable solutions. Additionally, the fact that _PO-prob\({}^{*}\)_ assigns every solution to a separate front indicates its ability to find a clear direction for the evolutionary process. In the next section, we show that this direction also leads to better solutions. Figure 8: Percentage of solutions in the first non-dominated front (sorting by Pareto dominance, _PD_) as a function of number of generations. The legend and \(y\)-axis are shared among plots.
# Experimental Study on the Dynamic Response of an Immersed Tunnel Element Moored inside the Harbor
## 3 Results
### Wave Evolution inside the Harbor  
As waves from the open sea propagate into the harbor through the harbor gate, reflection occurs after encountering the upright side wall, and the reflected wave is superimposed on the incident wave. Wave energy aggregation may be formed, which could gradually increase the wave height at the berth. Additionally, the aggregation intensity depends on the harbor's geometry. It is important to clarify the law of wave evolution in the harbor. The curve of wave height with time at berth GC3 is shown in Figure 6. To quantitatively analyze the law of wave height evolution inside the harbor, the following processing methods were adopted: take 120 consecutive waves as the statistical samples of characteristic wave height and conduct the next statistical analysis with a 50 wave interval; that is, the statistical samples are successively the 0-120 th waves, the 50-170 th waves, the 100-220 th waves, etc. Thus, the development process of statistical wave height over time is obtained (as shown in Figure 7).  
Figure 6: Surface fluctuation curve of probe GC3 under an ESE incident wave. (The green box is an example of the statistical sample window of characteristic wave height).  
Figure 7: Evolution of significant wave height under an ESE incident wave.  
The results show the wave duration has a negligible influence on the wave height evolution at the harbor gate, while it has an obvious influence on the wave height evolution inside the harbor. The significant wave height at the harbor gate (GC0) does not increase with the increase in wave duration, which is mainly related to the small influence of wave reflection by banks. The significant wave height at the three berths (GC1, GC2, and GC3) first increased and then stabilized with the increase in wave duration, showing a significant development process. The wave at the three berths reaches a stable state after approximately 280 waves, and the significant wave height can reach 1.01-1.35 times that of the initial stage; their values are 1.53 m, 1.16 m, and 1.32 m, respectively. The significant height of the incident wave from the open sea attenuated significantly after passing into the harbor. In addition, observation also showed that the incident angle of the immersed element at each berth with the wave is different. The immersed element moored at berth GC1 or berth GC2 is mainly affected by the longitudinal wave, while the immersed element moored at berth GC3 is mainly affected by the transverse wave.
## 3 Application Examples
### Grounding Electrode Partially Coated with a High-Conductive Boost Material  
In this third application example, a grounding electrode commonly used in transmission line towers will be considered. As in the previous example, this transmission line tower is a standard type of tower used by some of the most important Spanish electricity companies. In this example, the electrode is buried in a very high-resistivity soil \(\rho=1000\)\(\Omega\)m, so it is necessary to partially cover some of the conductors with a very low-resistivity material  
Figure 6: Some electrical features of the ideal grid (**upper** panels) and those of half-corroded resistive grid (**lower** panels).  
Figure 7: Percentage difference both in GPR and in the node potential when considering an ideal and a real grid.  
\(\rho_{co}=2.5\)\(\Omega\)m to reduce the grounding resistance of the electrode. The material used for these coatings is bentonite, whose resistivity is between 2 and 5 \(\Omega\)m, using thicknesses that vary according to the resistivity of the surrounding soil. In this case, it will be assumed that the material layer has a thickness of \(e=2\) cm, and the conductors will have an internal resistivity of \(\rho_{e}=72\times 10^{-8}\)\(\Omega\)m corresponding to stainless steel.  
Figure 8 shows the grounding electrode of a transmission line tower. It has a 2.6 m square frame and 1.5 m long vertical rods at the vertices, all buried at a depth of 0.65 m. The conductors have 50 mm\({}^{2}\) cross sections.  
Assuming negligible the effect of the structure of the tower, including the surface platform, in the calculations, Figure 9 shows a contour plot of the GPR produced by the resistive, partially covered electrode. The covered parts of the electrode are marked in black. As in the previous examples, Figure 10 shows the differences between setting conductors as PEC (upper panels) without considering the coating of some of them and the real case in which both attributes are incorporated into the calculation of the grounding resistance and the potentials generated in the ground.  
Figure 8: Grounding system of a transmission line tower.  
For this configuration, a 10% reduction in grounding resistance can be achieved. Note that there are no significant differences in the potential of the nodes in the real electrode, mainly because the internal resistance is not very large and the electrode is relatively small in size. The percentage of reduction of the grounding resistance can be increased if the thickness of the layer of conductive material is increased.
## 3 Research Results--Analysis and Discussion
### Optimal Stabiliser Content  
Based on the obtained results with regard to both the UCS values and the pH values, the optimal content for each of the considered stabilisers was determined. These values of the optimal content of each stabiliser were used for the purposes of additional tests, the results of which are presented and elaborated on in the subsequent parts.  
It was determined that the optimal content of lime as a stabiliser is 5%, for rock flour it is 10%, and with the addition of fly ash it is 15%, whereas, in the case of chloride (ferric chloride, calcium chloride, or potassium chloride) it attains 2%. Regarding cement, a trend of constant increase in UCS value with increasing cement content was observed for all the considered time intervals after the treatment. Therefore, for the purposes of additional tests, the highest cement content of 15% analysed in this research was considered optimal. The aforementioned finding, however, imposes the need for further research on the optimal cement content, including percentages in the mixture with clayey soil higher than the considered 15%. The higher cement content, on the other hand, entails the question of the economic justification of the implementation of the procedure.
## 3 Average PER in Turbulent Channels
### Strong Fading  
In longer links, the fading saturates and the OSNR fluctuations at each branch are modelled by a negative-exponential distribution [15]  
\[f_{\lambda}(y)=\frac{L}{\lambda}\,\exp\left(-\frac{L\,y}{\lambda}\right)\,. \tag{20}\]  
The corresponding EGC output follows and Erlang distribution  
Figure 3: Average PER vs \(\overline{E_{b}}/N_{0}\) for \(Q=2,16,256\) in weak (**top row**) and moderate (**bottom row**) \(\gamma-\gamma\) fading. The plot lines and points correspond to the exact and approximated results, respectively. The optical noise modes are equal to \(k=2\) (**left column**) and \(k=8\) (**right column**).  
\[f_{\lambda_{seg}}(y)=\left(\frac{L}{\lambda}\right)^{L}\,\frac{y^{L-1}}{(L-1)!}\, \exp\left(-\,\frac{L\,y}{\lambda}\right)\,. \tag{21}\]  
Using (14) and (21) we evaluate the average BER in strong fading, and the results are presented in Figure 4. Good agreement between the approximate and exact results is observed in this fading regime, as well, and the key observations remain same as in the \(\gamma-\gamma\) case: the approximation accuracy worsens with the modulation order and improves with the diversity order and the OSNR.
## 5 Conclusions  
The performed energy-environmental analysis of the retrofitting of a chilled water production system in a pharmaceutical facility led us to formulate the following conclusions:  
1. The realization of cooling energy management in the considered industrial facility, based on covering core cooling needs using energy produced in steam-powered dual-stage absorption water chillers, is a viable solution.
2. The two variants under analysis consisted of replacing the planned electric-powered compression water chillers. The proposed solutions based on double-stage absorption water chillers would help to significantly reduce the consumption of primary energy and the emission of carbon dioxide related to the production of cooling energy.
3. Despite the absorption water chillers having much lower energy efficiency ratios (EERs) and seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEERs) than commonly used compression water chillers, employing steam co-generated with electricity to power them makes them more attractive from the point of view of energy consumption and environmental impact.
4. It was found that co-generated heat and power plant energy efficiency and co-generation ratio were of the greatest importance concerning the reduction of primary energy use and carbon dioxide emissions.
5. An additional argument in favor of using these systems is the replacement of electricity--commonly used for cooling energy production in industrial plants--with a less-processed form of energy--i.e., steam. This is especially important in pharmaceutical plants, where electricity is needed to ensure basic production capacity.
6. A complete evaluation of the attractiveness of the proposed solution would require an economic analysis taking into account the total investment costs and maintenance costs of the solutions in question, while also considering the avoided costs of electrical and energy infrastructure retrofitting which would be necessary for the implementation of the basic variant.
7. The lessons learned during our analysis could be transferred to other industrial facilities requiring chilled water production systems. In such cases, detailed information concerning the available fuel mix and the energy efficiency of heat and electricity production and distribution would be required.  
Methodology, T.M.; Formal analysis, T.M.; Investigation, T.M. and K.F.; Resources, T.M.; Writing--original draft, T.M. and K.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Poznan University of Technology, grant number 0713/Sabad/2024_205. And The APC was funded by Poznan University of Technology.  
Not applicable.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author due to the privacy reasons.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# Quantum Dual Signature with Coherent States Based on Chained Phase-Controlled Operations
## 2 Methods
### Quantum Dual Signature Scheme
#### 2.3.2 Signing Phase  
This phase gives a specific description of the signature algorithm, i.e., [PERSON] signs the message states by implementing CPCO and merges these two signatures into a quantum dual signature. The signing phase is carried out by following procedures.  
1. [PERSON] signs \(|M\rangle_{P}^{{}^{\prime}}\) based on the CPCOs with secret key \(K_{AT}\) and obtains \(|S\rangle_{P}=E_{K_{AT}}(|M\rangle_{P}^{{}^{\prime}})\).
2. [PERSON] signs \(|M\rangle_{O}^{{}^{\prime}}\) and acquires signature \(|S\rangle_{O}=E_{K_{AB(x)}}(|M\rangle_{O}^{{}^{\prime}})\) according to \(K_{AB}\), where \(K_{AB(x)}\) represents the front \(x\) numbers of \(K_{AB}\).
3. [PERSON] connects \(|S\rangle_{O}\) and \(|S\rangle_{P}\) together and acquires \(|M\rangle_{OP}=|S\rangle_{O}\otimes|S\rangle_{P}\) whose length is \(x+y\).
4. [PERSON] signs \(|M\rangle_{OP}\) based on the key \(K_{AB}\). Then she gets the quantum dual signature \(|S\rangle_{D}=E_{K_{AB}}(|M\rangle_{OP})\).
5. [PERSON] transmits \(|S\rangle_{D}\) and \(|M\rangle_{O}^{{}^{\prime}}\) to [PERSON]. Meanwhile, she sends \(|M\rangle_{P}^{{}^{\prime}}\) to [PERSON].
## 5 Simulation and Analysis
### Platform Setting
#### 5.1.2. Maneuvering Strategy Generation Algorithm Parameters Setting  
According to the definition of a state space and an action space, it is obvious that the length of the actor network's input vector is 18, and that of the output vector is 2. The length of the critic network's input vector is 22, and that of the output vector is 1.  
The online actor network, target actor network, online critic network, and target critic network are constructed using a fully connected neural network. Figure 5 depicts the structures of the actor and critic networks. The output layer of the actor network and the critic network have no activation function; furthermore, the remaining layers are all ReLU layers. The learning rate of the network is 0.01, and the discount factor is \(\gamma=0.9\). The soft update factor of the target network is 0.01. Additionally, the weight of the initialized neural network can be adjusted to be using the Xavier initializer. The batch size of the updating network is 1024, and the size of the prioritized experience replay memory is set to \(10^{6}\). The coefficient of the perturbation rate \(\alpha\) is 0.5.  
In a 1-vs.-1 WVR air combat simulation process, the decision period is set to 1 s and the number of maximum step of an episode is set to 150. In an episode simulation, if a UCAV satisfies Equation (8) for five consecutive steps, the episode is terminated, and the UCAV wins the air combat. If there is no win or loss beyond the maximum stride length, then the air combat is considered to be a tie.  
Figure 4: Main interface of the air combat simulation platform.
###### Abstract  
To study the effects of Methyl jasmonates (MeJA) on rosemary suspension cells, the antioxidant enzymes' change of activities under different concentrations of MeJA, including 0 (CK), 10 (M10), 50 (M50) and 100 \(\mu\)M MeJA (M100). The results demonstrated that MeJA treatments increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and reduced the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)) and malondialdehydedehyde (MDA), thus accelerating the ROS scavenging. Comparative transcriptome analysis of different concentrations of MeJA showed that a total of 7836, 6797 and 8310 genes were differentially expressed in the comparisons of CKvsM10, CKvsM50, CKvsM100, respectively. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed phenylpropanoloid biosynthesis, vitamin B6, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism-related genes were significantly enriched. The transcripts of flavonoid and terpenoid metabolism pathways and plant hormone signal transduction, especially the jasmonic acid (JA) signal-related genes, were differentially expressed in CKvsM50 and CKvsM100 comparisons. In addition, the transcription factors (TFs), e.g., _MYC2_, _DELLA_, _MYB111_ played a key role in rosemary suspension cells under MeJA treatments. qRT-PCR of eleven DEGs showed a high correlation between the RNA-seq and the qRT-PCR result. Taken together, MeJA alleviated peroxidudative damage of the rosemary suspension cells in a wide concentration range via concentration-dependent differential expression patterns. This study provided a transcriptome sequence resource responding to MeJA and a valuable resource for the genetic and genomic studies of the active compounds engineering in rosemary.  
osemarinus officinalis Lour.; suspension cells; MeJA; antioxidant enzymes; RNA-seq; qRT-PCR; transcription factors +
Footnote †: journal: Physics Letters B  
1
Footnote 1: institutetext: Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of Infrared Spectra from Cells Fixed Immediately after Irradiation (\(t_{0}\) Cells)  
The average spectra for samples that were exposed to increasing doses of X-rays (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 Gy dose, respectively), fixed immediately after irradiation (\(t_{0}\) cells), are reported in Figure 3A for the HWR region and Figure 3B for the fingerprint region, respectively. For both regions, some wavenumber shifts and some differences in peak absorbance are observed in the irradiated sample spectra. In Table 2, the position of peaks for samples exposed to different doses are reported. The shifts, in terms of wavenumber, of peak positions with respect to those found for the control samples are also reported; shifts higher than the spectral resolution of our experimental apparatus are reported in bold character.  
For the HWR region, only the peaks at 2870 cm\({}^{-1}\), linked to membrane lipids and proteins (assigned to CH\({}_{3}\) symmetric stretching) show a shift beyond spectral resolution, at every dose except for the 4 Gy sample. It must be noted that changes in lipid-related peaks are usually associated with membrane fluidity modifications [43].  
In the fingerprint region, shifts are visible for different peaks, mainly in correspondence of higher dose values; that is the case for those at 1553 and 1527 cm\({}^{-1}\), both linked to the Amide II proteins  
Figure 2: Spectra of one unexposed sample (**A**) in the range 3600–3000 cm\({}^{-1}\), (**B**) 3000–2700 cm\({}^{-1}\), (**C**) 2000–900 cm\({}^{-1}\), and (**D**) 1800–1600 cm\({}^{-1}\) with the results of the deconvolution analysis of peaks using Lorentzian curves and fit residual.  
band, for the 8 and 10 Gy dose, respectively. The band corresponding to protein COO\({}^{-}\) symmetric stretching (1396 cm\({}^{-1}\)) also shows a significant shift at the 8 and 10 Gy dose. The two bands (located at 1246 and 1082 cm\({}^{-1}\)), mainly associated with PO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-}\) DNA stretching, show shifts at 8 and 10 Gy and only at 10 Gy, respectively. These wavenumber shifts evidence changes in the lipid, protein, and DNA features of neuroblastoma cells. In particular, the shift of the PO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-}\) DNA stretching mode towards higher wavenumber values can be related to changes in the DNA conformation, from the B-DNA form to the A-DNA form. [44]. Moreover, the above-mentioned shifts of Amide II mode can be related to changes in the contributions of the enzymes involved in DNA repair ([48,49] and references therein).  
Exposure to X-rays also induced changes in the absorbance of some peaks. In particular, differences can be seen for the CH\({}_{3}\) lipid band at 2870 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the HWR region (Figure 3A), in the 1700-1500 cm\({}^{-1}\) protein band, and in the DNA bands at 1246 and 1082 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the fingerprint region (Figure 3B) for the spectra irradiated with the largest doses (6, 8, 10 Gy). These variations will be discussed using a ratiometric method [18,20,47] in the following Section 3.4.
# Homogeneous Data Normalization and Deep Learning: A Case Study in Human Activity Classification
## 3 Results
### Overall Results  
Based on the results obtained with this study, the best results were achieved with the gyroscope data without applying normalization techniques. It was expected that the use of normalized data would report the best results, but it was not verified, as presented in Figure 2.  
Analyzing the accelerometer data, the best accuracy was reported with non-normalized data (79.11%), and the application of normalization techniques decreased the accuracy. Firstly, the application of Z-Score normalization decreased the results by 26.4%. Secondly, the application of RobustScaler  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Predicted Class**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Walking** & **Walking** & **Walking** & **Standing** & **Walking** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Actual Class**} & **walking upstairs** & 230 & 21 & 2 & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **walking downstairs** & 45 & 202 & 6 & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **standing** & 24 & 12 & 12 & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **walking** & 0 & 2 & 0 & 48 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 10: Confusion matrix for non-normalized gyroscope data.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Predicted Class**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Walking Upstairs** & **Walking Downstairs** & **Standing** & **Walking** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Actual Class**} & **walking upstairs** & 293 & 51 & 2 & 1 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **walking downstairs** & 54 & 293 & 0 & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **standing** & 9 & 54 & 3 & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **walking** & 0 & 2 & 0 & 66 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 9: Confusion matrix for non-normalized accelerometer data.  
Figure 2: Results on the data classification with accelerometer and gyroscope sensors.  
decreased the results by 29.32%. Thirdly, the application of MinMaxScaler decreased the results by 32.86%. Finally, the application of MaxAbsScaler decreased the results by 25.99%.  
The gyroscope data analysis revealed that the best accuracy reported was also with non-normalized data (81.46%), and the application of normalization techniques also decreased the accuracy. Firstly, the application of _Z_-Score normalization decreased the results by 24.65%. Secondly, the application of RobustScaler decreased the results by 30.59%. Thirdly, the application of MinMaxScaler decreased the results by 28.71%. Finally, the application of MaxAbsScaler decreased the results by 21.75%.
# Location-Based Relay Selection in Full-Duplex Random Relay Networks
## 1 Introduction
The goal of this paper is to investigate the performance of full-duplex random relay networks (FDRRNs). We first derive the outage probability of a full-duplex random relay network (FDRRN) considering SI. We then identify the potential relay location with respect to SI and network interference. Lastly, we propose a location-based relay selection algorithm for full-duplex random relay networks (FDRRNs)s with reduced complexity and present simulation results to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the system model is described. The outage probability of an FDRRN is derived in Section 3. In Section 4, we propose a location-based relay selection algorithm that reduces complexity. Simulation results are presented in Section 5. Conclusions are given in Section 6.