## 3 Results  
Products currently being manufactured using 3D printing in the COVID-19 pandemic are generally face masks, face shields, nasal swabs, and Venturi valves (Table 1). The estimated cost and productivity of different products with different 3D printing technologies, when extrapolated over the estimated amount of identical equipment in the market, are shown in Table 6. The results indicate the potential number of products that can be manufactured with one set of equipment, and with all the equipment available in the market. Table 7 lists the overall estimated costs. The most potential ones are those that have a high productivity with a single set of equipment and widespread availability of equipment in the market. However, there are similar 3D printers from different manufacturers in the market that can be used to manufacture these products and devices using comparable materials. Thus, the total 3D printing potential in the world is in fact conservatively estimated to be at least 10-100 times larger, and therefore can have a huge impact on the lack of medical supply in the current situation. Furthermore, it should be noted that certain 3D printing technologies are better for manufacturing specific types of products than others. To this end, there is a need to deploy an optimal 3D printing technology for each application to maximize the production of required parts. Figure 1: Packing solutions of parts in different build volumes: (**a**) nasal swab in Form 2; (**b**) face shield holder SLS optimized in ProX SLS 500; (**c**) face shield holder in ProX SLS 500; and (**d**) Venturi valve in Form 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Exp. ID** & **Description** & **Equipment** & **Batch Size** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Productivity** \\ **Units/24h** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Estimated No. of** \\ **Equipment in the World** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total Potential** \\ **Units/24h** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & Nasal swab & Formlabs Form 2 & 400 & 783 & 50k & 39130k \\ \hline
2 & Nasal swab & 3 DSystems ProX SLS 500 & 3254 & 2056 & 1k & 2056k \\ \hline
3 & Venturi valve & Formlabs Form 2 & 18 & 54 & 50k & 2688k \\ \hline
4 & Venturi valve & 3 DSystems ProX SLS 500 & 625 & 274 & 1k & 274k \\ \hline
5 & Venturi valve & Ultmaker 2 & 1 & 11 & 100k & 1058k \\ \hline
6 & Venturi valve & Ultmaker 2 & 47 & 10 & 100k & 1040k \\ \hline
7 & Venturi valve & uPrint SE Plus & 24 & 17 & 5k & 85k \\ \hline
8 & Face mask + lid & Formulas Form 2 & 1 & 6.1 & 50k & 306k \\ \hline
9 & Face mask + lid & 3 DSystems ProX SLS 500 & 120 & 79 & 1k & 78k \\ \hline
10 & Face mask + lid & Ultmaker 2 & 2 & 2.4 & 100k & 244k \\ \hline
11 & Face mask + lid & Ultmaker 2 & 18 & 2.2 & 100k & 220k \\ \hline
12 & Face mask + lid & uPrint SE Plus & 2 & 3.9 & 5k & 19k \\ \hline
13 & Face shield holder & 3 DSystems ProX SLS 500 & 88 & 56 & 1k & 55k \\ \hline
14 & Face shield holder & Ultmaker 2 & 1 & 3.5 & 100k & 350k \\ \hline
15 & Face shield holder & Ultmaker 2 & 10 & 3.1 & 100k & 314k \\ \hline
16 & Face shield holder & uPrint SE Plus & 1 & 6.9 & 5k & 34k \\ \hline
17 & Face shield holder &
\begin{tabular}{c} 3 DSystems ProX SLS 500 \\ \end{tabular} & 374 & 88 & 5k & 437k \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: The potential productivity of using 3D printing. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Exp.