# Influence of Benzyladenine on Metabolic Changes in Different Rose Tissues
## 1 Introduction  
The rose is one of the most common flowers cultivated in containers and gardens. It is important to the cut flower industry and for pharmaceutical purposes [1; 2]. Thus, the rose is commercially very important. It is also highly sought after for interior decoration and for the perfume industry, which relies on different scented varieties [3; 4; 5; 6; 7]. There are numerous varieties of modern roses that are considered most important; among these varieties are Hybrid Tea and Floribunda [8].  
Recently, plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as cytokins (CKs) have become widely used to ensure efficient production of aromatic plants. There are many studies indicating that plant growth regulators affect the growth and development of various aromatic plants [9]. [PERSON] et al. [10] reportedthat benzyladenine (BA), a cytokin applied as a foliar spray at different concentrations, may reduce flower drop and senescence. Although PGRs have been used in agriculture and horticulture for decades, little is known about the effects of PGRs on the production of metabolic compounds [11].  
Currently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have received special attention from the scientific community, as they have a wide range of biological and pharmacological uses and there are many publications related to the emission of volatiles [12]. [PERSON] et al. [13] treated _Lantana camara_ plants with high concentrations (0.44 and 4.4 umol/L) of BA and showed an increase in the production of volatile compounds detected by solid phase microextraction (SPME). These include myrcene, \(\alpha\)-phellandrene, \(\alpha\)-copaene, trans-caryophyllene and \(\beta\)-gurjunene. Another study indicated that incorporating plant growth regulators, such as 4.4 um BA, 9.3 um kinetin, 0.45 um thidiazuron, 0.57 um indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 0.41 um picloram, into vitro media of _Agastache rugosa_ plants increased volatile compounds, such as \(\alpha\)-pinene, limonene, isomenthone and pulegone [14]. To date, no work has been conducted on the influence of BA on metabolite accumulation in roses. Moreover, there are few studies on modern rose varieties and the extraction of VOCs from different rose tissues by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) [15]. HS-SPME analysis can be used to determine and monitor the composition of living natural materials or natural products and provide information on the olfactory profiles released from these [16]. The SPME technique has become increasingly common because it is a simple, fast and sensitive sample preparation method that reduces solvent usage while integrating sampling and sample preparation steps prior to instrumental analysis [17; 18]. A recent study indicated that the HS-SPME technique can be successfully used to extract VOCs emitted from different rose tissues with the SPME fiber divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) coupled with gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) [19]. However, there has been no work on the effect of BA on metabolic changes by using VOCs from rose plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to increase the metabolite accumulation in two rose varieties through the addition of BA, and to determine this using HS-SPME with GC-flame ionization detector (FID)/MS.