## 3 System Architecture  
The experiment was conducted in the walnut land with 600 m\({}^{2}\) in Corum. Water that was transferred from the well to the water tank with 5000 L by the booster was connected to irrigation laterals via a filter. Valves that were positioned in front of each lateral were the basis of the control field. Energy requirements of the system were met when the solar panels had 2.2 kW total power. The block diagram of the irrigation control system is presented in Figure 3. According to Figure 3, moisture values obtained from the sensors were transferred to the PLC via input components. This data received from the PLC was transferred to the smart phone via the IOS/Andriod server for monitoring and control purposes. In the system operation, the current water requirement of the plant was determined depending on the seasonal water requirement in previous years. If the water ratio is less than necessary, the water tank was operated via the PLC output, ensuring that the valves remain open until the desired amount of water is supplied. When the data from the sensors indicated that the required amount of water was reached, irrigation automatically ended. If the amount of water was excessive due to rainfall or other reasons, irrigation was not carried out. All numerical values of the above-mentioned operations can also be monitored via the mobile device. The irrigation system consists of five parallel side pipes with 20 m length connecting to the main pipe (Figure 4). The control of parallel pipes was separately ensured by valves that were placed in front  
Figure 3: Control system diagram. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \(\mathbf{F_{s}}\) & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Merkez**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Plant Factor**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Plant Water** \\ **Consumption** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Crop**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Walnut**} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Rain Station**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Corum-Merkez**} & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Planting Date**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**11/04**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Month**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Decade**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Stage**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{K_{c}}\) **coeff**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{E_{t}}\) **mm/day**} & \(\mathbf{E_{t}}\) & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Effect Rain**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Irrigation Requirement**} \\  & & & & & **mm/dec** & **mm/dec** & **mm/dec** \\ \hline April & 2 & Init. & 0.50 & 0.85 & 8.5 & 14.0 & 0.0 \\ April & 3 & Init. & 0.50 & 0.97 & 9.7 & 15.4 & 0.0 \\ May & 1 & Deve. & 0.53 & 1.15 & 11.5 & 17.6 & 0.0 \\ May & 2 & Deve. & 0.58 & 1.39 & 13.9 & 19.3 & 0.0 \\ May & 3 & Mid. & 0.62 & 1.69 & 18.6 & 17.9 & 0.7 \\ June & 1 & Mid. & 0.63 & 1.89 & 18.9 & 16.7 & 2.2 \\ June & 2 & Mid. & 0.63 & 2.08 & 20.8 & 16.0 & 4.8 \\ June & 3 & Mid. & 0.63 & 2.37 & 23.7 & 12.5 & 11.2 \\ July & 1 & Mid. & 0.63 & 2.70 & 27.0 & 8.1 & 18.9 \\ July & 2 & Mid. & 0.63 & 3.01 & 30.1 & 4.6 & 25.5 \\ July & 3 & Mid. & 0.63 & 2.96 & 32.5 & 4.4 & 28.2 \\ August & 1 & Mid. & 0.63 & 2.93 & 29.3 & 4.1 & 25.2 \\ August & 2 & Mid. & 0.63 & 2.92 & 29.2 & 3.3 & 25.9 \\ August & 3 & Mid. & 0.63 & 2.58 & 28.4 & 4.4 & 24.0 \\ September & 1 & Late & 0.62 & 2.21 & 22.1 & 5.8 & 16.3 \\ September & 2 & Late & 0.54 & 1.66 & 16.6 & 6.7 & 9.9 \\ September & 3 & Late & 0.44 & 1.14 & 31.4 & 7.1 & 4.3 \\  & & & & 352.1 & 177.8 & 197.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Crop water requirements. of the side pipes. The amount of water in the soil was defined by sensors that were placed in regions close to the root portion of the product. This digital data was transferred to the PLC (control unit). Opening and closing conditions of valves on each lateral were set according to defined data. At this point, data was automatically saved to database columns consisting of the lateral number, sensor number, date and time. Also, a column was created in the database for adjusting the water requirement of cultivated plants depending on their stage.