## 1 Introduction  
With the continuous expansion of the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite network, awareness of the status of multi-dimensional heterogeneous network resources can provide basic data support for delivering high-quality network services, and has become the key technology for the operation and maintenance of satellite network. However, the high dynamism of satellite network topology, coupled with the instability of inter-satellite links (ISLs) and satellite-ground links (SGLs), can result in substantial delays in the transmission of awareness data, reducing the real-time performance of network awareness [1]. Meanwhile, traditional terrestrial network awareness methods cannot meet the differentiated and dynamic service awareness requirements of satellite networks [2]. Therefore, efficient network awareness methods have emerged as a key area of focus in the ongoing development of LEO satellite networks. Network awareness primarily consists of measurement and reporting process. Measurement mainly involves collecting the resource status information of nodes and transmitting awareness data in the network. Reporting refers to the process of aggregating awareness data and transmitting them to the ground control center [3]. Research on resource-aware optimization methods for terrestrial network has lasted for decades. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no relevant studies on LEO satellite network scenarios. Additionally, most studies of terrestrial networks have typically concentrated on expanding the awareness scope [4] and optimization of awareness overhead [5], while there is a lack of research focusing on the flexibility and the timeliness of awareness method [6]. For example, [PERSON] et al. [7] employed an active telemetry method for giant satellite constellations, meaning that both the measurement and reporting processes utilize separate links or frequency bands for transmission. By optimizing resource allocation during the awareness process, the volume of awareness data transmitted was enhanced. However, this method occupied substantial on-board resources, thereby increasing awareness overhead and the complexity of the constellation. In order to minimize the awareness overhead, in-band network telemetry (INT) technology has been proposed as a lightweight passive telemetry approach [8]. It conveys awareness data by utilizing the additional fields appended to the service data packet headers [9]. The transmission route of the service concurrently serves as the awareness path, enabling operations such as reading, writing, and deleting awareness data through programmable technology [10], which is suitable for multi-service concurrent scenarios in large-scale satellite network [11]. [PERSON] et al. [12] proposed utilizing the Euler path planning algorithm to decrease the redundancy of INT paths, thereby optimizing the telemetry paths within LEO constellations. Meanwhile, regarding the reporting process, the awareness method based on INT often reports after the target node separates the awareness and service data. For long-distance paths with multi-hop, a multi node reporting method based on fixed hop intervals can also be adopted to mitigate cumulative costs and enhance the timeliness performance of reporting. Unlike terrestrial networks, the unique, complex, and dynamic characteristics of satellite network pose three main challenges to awareness technology: (1) The real-time challenge brought by the large delay in the transmission path during the network measurement process [13]. Due to the high-speed movement of satellite nodes and the considerable distance between satellites, the propagation delay is relatively significant when compared to terrestrial networks [14]. Moreover, under different path length, the delay generated by each node increases further through multi-hop accumulation, greatly affecting the real-time awareness and reducing the accuracy of awareness data [15].