## 2 State of the Art
### Related Work  
During the last years, several research projects on WHMS have been developed focusing on different medical areas. In this paper, projects in which the design of the communications architecture is part of the focus of the research activities have been selected. They are presented in chronological order and compared in Table 2. Subsequently, more detailed project descriptions are provided by means of individual tables. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline  & & & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{**Network Segments**} \\ \cline{3-6}
**Project Name** & **Medical** & **Ubiquity** & & & \\
**Area** & **Level** & & & & \\ \hline MITHril LiveNet [2003][17; 18] & Behavior & Controlled Area & Wd & WF & \\ AMON [2004][19] & General Purpose & Wide Area & Wd & & C \\ [PERSON] _et al._[2005][20] & Cardiac & Wide Area & Ws & & C \\ RECAD [2005][21] & Cardiac & Wide Area & Ws & * & * \\ LifeGuard [2005][22] & General purpose & Self-Monitoring & Wd & B & \\ MagIC [2005][23] & Cardiac & Controlled Area & B & & \\ WEALTHY [2005][24] & Cardiac & Wide Area & eT & & C \\ CodeBlue [2005][25] & General purpose & Controlled area & 15.4 & 15.4 & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of selected WHMS. **Table 2.**_Cont._ \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline  & & & & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{**Network Segments**} \\ \cline{5-8}
**Project Name** & **Medical Area** & **Ubiquity Level** & & & & \\  & **Area** & **Ubiquity Level** & & & & \\ \cline{5-8} [PERSON] _et al._ [2005–2006] [26, 27] & General purpose & Wide Area and self-monitoring & Z & WF,B, U & C \\ HealthGear [2006] [28] & Sleep & Self-monitoring & B & & \\ MERMOTH [2006] [29] & General purpose & Wide Area and self-monitoring & eT & WF & I \\ MyHeart [2006] [30] & Cardiac & Wide Area and self-monitoring & Wd & B & C \\ AUBADE [2006] [31] & Behavior & Controlled area & Wd & WF,B & \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2006] [32] & Cardiac & Controlled area & Ws & Wd, & \\ SmartVest [2007] [33] & General purpose & Controlled area & Ws & U & \\ Human++ [2007] [34] & General purpose & Controlled area & Ws & U & \\ Personal Health Monitor [2007] [35] & General purpose & Wide Area and self-monitoring & B & & C \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2008] [36] & Cardiac & Controlled area & 15.4 & & \\ [PERSON] et al. [2008] [37] & Cardiac & Wide Area & 15.4 & & C \\ MASN [2008] [38] & Cardiac & Controlled area & Wd & 15.4 & \\ HipGuard [2008] [39] & Hip & Wide Area and self-monitoring & A & B, WF & C \\ HeartToGo [2009] [40] & Cardiac & Self-monitoring & Wd & B & \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2009] [41] & Brain & Wide Area & Z & & I \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2009] [42] & General purpose & Self-monitoring & eT & 15.4 & \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2009] [43] & Falls & Wide Area & Z & & C \\ LOBIN [2010] (Study CASE) [44] & Cardiac & Controlled area & eT & 15.4 & I \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2010] [45] & General purpose & Controlled area & MICS & WMTS & I \\ MEDISN [2010] [46] & General purpose & Controlled area & 15.4 & 15.4 & I \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2011] [47] & Cardiac & Self-monitoring & B & WF & C \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2011] [48] & Posture & Controlled area & Ws & & \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2011] [49] & Posture & Controlled area & 15.4 & & \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2011] [50] & Activity & Controlled area & 15.4 & & \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2011] [51] & Cardiac & Wide Area & Wd & B & C \\ GeM-REM [2011] [52] & Cardiac & Wide Area & Ws & & C \\ [PERSON] _et al._ [2011] [53] & Sleep & Wide Area and self-monitoring & Wd & B & * \\ KNOWME [2012] [54] & Activity & Wide Area & B & & C \\ \hline \end{tabular}   
* B: Bluetooth; C: Cellular Network (e.g., GSM, GPRS; UMTS); eT: e-textile or integrated conductive yarns; I: Regular Internet connection (e.g., ADSL, cable); U: USB; Wd: Wired; WF: Wi-Fi; Ws: Wireless proprietary/not specified; Z: Zigbee; 15.4: IEEE 802.15.4; *: See appropriate table.