# Research Progress of Dynamic Measurement Technology of Atom Gravimeter
## 1 Introduction
The sensitivity was 100\(\upmu\)Gal/Hz\({}^{1/2}\), and the integral resolution of 1000 s was 5.7 \(\upmu\)Gal [29]. [PERSON] et al. improved the laser system with a modular design and applied it to an atom gravimeter for gravity measurement. The integral resolution of 200 s was 10 \(\upmu\)Gal [30]. More and more portable atom gravimeters are gradually coming out of the laboratory to carry out measurements in the field. For example, in 2019, [PERSON] et al. used a pickup truck to carry an atom gravimeter to measure the absolute gravity values at six different elevations in the Berkeley Mountains and obtain the relationship between gravity anomalies and height. The sensitivity was 500 \(\upmu\)Gal/Hz\({}^{1/2}\), and the uncertainty was 40 \(\upmu\)Gal [22]. In 2020, [PERSON] et al. integrated a set of vehicle-mounted absolute gravity measurement systems using a miniaturized atom gravimeter developed by themselves \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Research Teams**} & **Raman Light** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Sensitivity** **(\(\upmu\)Gal/Hz\({}^{1/2}\))**} & **Uncertainty** & **Resolution** \\  & **Interval Time** & **(\(\upmu\)Gal/Hz\({}^{1/2}\))** & **(\(\upmu\)Gal)** & **(Integration Time)** \\  & **(ms)** & & & **(\(\upmu\)Gal)** \\ \hline French Aerospace Lab & & & & \\ (ONERA) [17] & 48 & 42 & 25 & — 1  \\ LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de & 80 & 5.7 & 4.3 & 0.2 (3 h) \\ Paris [18, 19, 20] & & & & \\ Humboldt Universitat zu & 260 & 9.6 & 3.2 & 0.05 (105 s) \\ Berlin [21] & & & & \\ the University of California, & 130 & 37 & 15 & 2 (0.5 h) \\ Berkeley [22] & & & & \\ Wuhan Institute of Physics and & 200 & 28 & 9 & 1 (4000 s) \\ Mathematics [23, 24] & & & & \\ Zhejiang University of & 70 & 90 & 19 & — \\ Technology [25] & & & & \\ National institute of metrology, & 70 & 44 & 5.2 & 0.2 (30,000 s) \\ China [26] & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Reported static measurement results of high-precision atom gravimeters. and carried out surveying and mapping work in the field. They conducted repeated line measurements on flat roads and obtained an internal coincidence accuracy of 30 \(\upmu\)Gal. They measured gravity values at different altitudes on mountain roads with large inclination angles and obtained vertical gravity gradient values [31]. In 2021, [PERSON] et al. used a vehicle-mounted mobile gravimeter to measure the gravity values of 29 points on the mountain. Based on this, the density distribution of the mountain was inverted, which was consistent with the actual geological exploration results [32]. Although the atom gravimeter has achieved high performance in the field under static or \"stop-and-go\" quasi-dynamic conditions, there are few reports on dynamic measurement, i.e., gravity measurement during carrier motion. The research team first carried out dynamic experiments under very low-speed conditions. In 2009, a Stanford University team performed gravity gradient measurements on a low-speed truck at 1 cm/s [33]. In 2022, Zhejiang University of Technology (ZJUT) carried out a low-speed traction test in the laboratory. At the maximum traction speed of 5.5 cm/s and the maximum vibration amplitude of 0.1 m/s\({}^{2}\), the measurement results were in good agreement with the values under static conditions, with an accuracy of (\(-\)1.22 \(\pm\) 2.42) mGal [34]. ONERA is a pioneer in the study of the dynamic measurement of atom gravimeters. In 2013, they first carried out gravity measurements on a moving elevator, and the results were consistent with the static measurements, which verified the feasibility of the atom gravimeter's dynamic measurement [17]. Since then, they have carried out dynamic measurement experiments under ship-borne and air-borne conditions, respectively, and obtained good measurement results. In the ship-borne test, compared with the gravity-calibrated route, the accuracies of forward and backward were respectively (\(-\)0.2 \(\pm\) 0.5) mGal and (\(-\)0.6 \(\pm\) 0.3) mGal [35].