# Enhanced Blockchain-Based Data Poisoning Defense Mechanism [PERSON]
## 1 Introduction
A significant advantage of these techniques is their adaptability; they can be effectively integrated into artificial intelligence (AI) systems as defensive strategies against data poisoning (DP) attacks. This adaptability makes blockchain technology a valuable asset for safeguarding AI models from vulnerabilities that could compromise their performance and reliability. Consequently, leveraging blockchain-based approaches in AI systems can help establish a robust framework for defending against the malicious activities associated with DP, thereby contributing to a more secure and trustworthy AI deployment [6]. The technologies adapted from blockchain have been extensively used in myriad applications that go well beyond the realm of cryptocurrencies. This innovative technology serves as an encrypted ledger that is equitably distributed among all participating nodes, providing a robust infrastructure that facilitates secure transactions between entities that may be unknown to one another [18; 19; 20; 21]. Moreover, blockchain technology not only  
Figure 1: Data poisoning attacks [6]. enhances the security of these transactions but also plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the nodes involved in the network. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized and tamper-resistant method for enhancing security, setting it apart from traditional approaches. By utilizing a distributed ledger, blockchain significantly reduces the vulnerabilities linked to single points of failure typical in centralized systems, which endows it with greater resilience against threats such as data alteration and unauthorized access. Transactions benefit from cryptographic features that uphold their integrity and authenticity, thereby enhancing trust among participants. One major strength of blockchain technology is its decentralized peer-to-peer network, which reduces security risks linked to centralized data storage. By distributing data across multiple nodes, this approach minimizes vulnerabilities, making blockchain inherently resilient against attacks and enhancing overall system security. Furthermore, the immutable nature of blockchain allows for transparent audit trails, enhancing accountability in various applications, particularly in sectors like finance, healthcare, and supply chain management. The adaptive capability of blockchain extends to integration with AI systems, providing added layers of security through innovative defense strategies against threats like data poisoning. These characteristics position blockchain as a formidable alternative to conventional security measures, addressing contemporary cybersecurity challenges more effectively while promoting a robust and secure digital landscape. Given these substantial benefits, blockchain has been increasingly integrated into various cybersecurity applications. Among the most pressing concerns addressed by these emerging techniques is the potential for a 51 percent attack, a method where an entity gains control over the majority of the network, compromising its security [22]. Efforts to design effective countermeasures against this kind of attack reflect the growing importance of blockchain in protecting against the vulnerabilities inherent in centralized systems, thus augmenting its presence in the cybersecurity landscape [17]. The 51 percent attack represents a significant threat in the blockchain ecosystem, as it involves a malicious entity gaining control over the majority of the computational power of networks. This type of attack can lead to the generation of fraudulent blocks containing false transaction information, effectively undermining the integrity of the blockchain. Such vulnerabilities are especially concerning, as attackers can exploit this power to affect various applications, including artificial intelligence (AI) systems, potentially compromising their operations. A significant benefit of blockchain-based networks lies in their built-in ability to withstand various conventional cyber threats which frequently impact centralized systems.