## 2 Driverless Car Technology and the Organ Donor Supply
### Driverless Car Technology Explained
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{14.5 pt} p{227.6 pt}} \hline \hline
**Level 0** & **No Automation—the human driver performs the entire dynamic driving task. This level includes vehicles with warning or intervention systems such as lane departure warning or braking assistance because this assistance is not sustained and, therefore, does not control the human driver’s basic role. All traditional cars from the advent of the automobile until today, including most current vehicle models fall into this category.** \\ \hline
**Level 1** & **Driver Assistance—one or more** _driving modes_ **exist that the human driver can engage that will execute certain aspects of steering or acceleration/deceleration by employing information about the driving environment via the utilization of a system of onboard sensors. Within this sort of vehicle, the human driver remains responsible for all driving tasks other than that performed by the vehicle’s limited driving mode. Jaguar Land Rover’s experimental Range Rover Sport that utilizes an off-road cruise control system is an example of a Level 1 autonomous vehicle.** \\ \hline
**Level 2** & **Partial Automation—one or more** _driving modes_ **exist that the human driver can engage that will execute ALL aspects of BOTH steering and acceleration/deceleration by employing information about the driving environment. Within this system, the human driver is still required to monitor the driving environment—the tactical driving task—and to serve as a fallback performer (manual intervention). Some experts consider Tesla’s Autopilot system to be a Level 2 autonomous driving system.** \\ \hline
**Level 3** & **Conditional Automation—one or more** _driving modes_ **exist that perform all aspects of the dynamic driving task, including monitoring the driving environment. Like Level 2 automobiles, Level 3 automation systems still require the human driver to serve as a fallback performer should the system request manual intervention. Other experts consider Tesla’s Autopilot system to be a Level 3 autonomous driving system.** \\ \hline
**Level 4** & **High Automation—one or more** _driving modes_ **exist that perform all aspects of the dynamic driving task as well as providing fallback performance should the human driver fail to respond to a request to intervene. In other words, when a problem occurs, the car can resolve the issue without human assistance. The fleet of self-driving taxis currently being developed by Ford for release in the US market by 2021 qualify as Level 4 autonomous vehicles.** \\ \hline
**Level 5** & **Full Automation—ALL driving modes are fully automated meaning the vehicle maintains control over the dynamic driving task under all roadway and environmental conditions. Only strategic tasks such as picking a destination remain in the hands of the human driver or, in the case of a driverless taxi, the human passenger. The vehicle that Google is developing through its Waymo subsidiary is expected to utilize Level 5 automation.** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: SAE International’s levels of automation.