# Computational Analysis and Classification of Hernia Repairs
## 3 Results
Figure 4: Percentage ratio of operation types (open, laparoscopic, and robotic) during selected years of (**a**) GHR surgery and (**b**) PVHR/IVHR/PHR treatment. The GUI and selected data from the EHS database are stored at the IEEE DataPort ([[http://ieee-dataport.org/11319](http://ieee-dataport.org/11319)]([http://ieee-dataport.org/11319](http://ieee-dataport.org/11319)), (accessed on 6 March 2024)). This repository also includes a video abstract of the paper. In Figure 5, the classification of GHR surgery outputs presenting the comparison of GHR surgery results with (207) and without post-surgery complications (881) based upon two features (BMI and age) for central areas of features are presented. Post-surgery complications occurred for approximately 19% of patients. Figure 5 displays the mean values of these two categories and \(c\) multiples of their standard deviations (_c_ = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) without considering the gender of the patients. A distribution of mesh GHR repairs for patients with various body mass indexes, ages, and gender is presented in Figure 6. Each BMI and age range is represented by its mean value within a 12-year range. Figure 7 presents the evaluation of the absolute and relative postoperative complications of the treatment of GHR patients followed between the years of 2018 and 2023. The absolute and relative number of open, laparoscopic, and robotic operations during the last 6 years is presented in Figure 7c. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Year**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Type of Repair**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Repair Technology**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Open** & **Endoscopic** & **Robotic** & **Other** & **Sum** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2012–2017} & GHR & 0 & 37 & 0 & 0 & 37 \\  & PVHR/IVHR/PHR & 3 & 66 & 0 & 0 & 69 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Sum** & **3** & **103** & **0** & **0** & **106** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2018} & GHR & 0 & 23 & 14 & 0 & 37 \\  & PVHR/IVHR/PHR & 7 & 20 & 3 & 0 & 30 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Sum** & **7** & **43** & **17** & **0** & **67** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2019} & GHR & 20 & 19 & 27 & 0 & 66 \\  & PVHR/IVHR/PHR & 38 & 9 & 2 & 7 & 56 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Sum** & **58** & **28** & **29** & **7** & **122** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2020} & GHR & 88 & 93 & 135 & 0 & 316 \\  & PVHR/IVHR/PHR & 68 & 14 & 130 & 8 & 220 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Sum** & **156** & **107** & **265** & **8** & **536** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2021} & GHR & 122 & 129 & 186 & 0 & 437 \\  & PVHR/IVHR/PHR & 109 & 104 & 128 & 23 & 364 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Sum** & **231** & **233** & **314** & **23** & **801** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2022} & GHR & 269 & 304 & 41 & 1 & 615 \\  & PVHR/IVHR/PHR & 122 & 71 & 58 & 44 & 295 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Sum** & **391** & **375** & **99** & **45** & **910** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2023} & GHR & 256 & 266 & 18 & 0 & 540 \\  & PVHR/IVHR/PHR & 128 & 60 & 21 & 48 & 257 \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Sum** & **384** & **326** & **39** & **48** & **797** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**SUM**} & GHR & 755 & 871 & 421 & 1 & 2048 \\  & PVHR/IVHR/PHR & 475 & 344 & 342 & 127 & 1291 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & **TOTAL SUM** & 1230 & 1215 & 763 & 128 & 3339 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Hernia repair technologies related to the hernia type including GHR (Groin Hernia) and PVHR/IVHR/PHR (Primary Ventral Hernia, Incisional Ventral Hernia, Parastomal Hernia) repairs during in the period between 2012 and 2023. Figure 5: The relationship of age and BMI of patients to the GHR hernia surgery results and possible complications in the central areas of features with their mean values and \(c\) multiples of their standard deviations for \(c=0.2\), \(3\), and \(0.5\) (blue circles and red asterisks stand for surgeries without and with complications, respectively).