## 7 Conclusions  
As the thickness of the banana stems increases, the distillate yield of the still decreases. The maximum yield of 934 mL was obtained with an efficiency of 36.35% in contrast to the conventional still. The modified still with 0.5 cm-thick banana stems enhanced its performance by 7.97% and 19.74% when compared to the 1.0 cm- and 1.5 cm-thick banana stems, respectively. The maximum hourly evaporation rate of 0.88 kg \(\rm{m}^{-2}\)\(\rm{h}^{-1}\) was obtained for the MSS (0.5 cm-thick banana stems) with a conversion efficiency of 83% in contrast to the CSS. The CPLs for the MSS and the CSS were USD 0.0503 and USD 0.0665, respectively. The CPL of the MSS was 32.21% lower in contrast to its counterpart CSS. As a result, the MSS became more inexpensive in terms of CPL. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**S. No** & **Parameters** & **Values** \\ \hline
1. & Embodied energy (out) & 146.58 kWh \\
2. & Lifespan CO\({}_{2}\) emission & 219.62 kg \\
3. & Lifespan SO\({}_{2}\) emission & 1.67 kg \\
4. & Lifespan NO emission & 0.69 kg \\
5. & Embodied energy & 139 kWh \\
6. & Net CO\({}_{2}\) reduction for 10 years & 2.09 tonnes \\
7. & Earned carbon credit for 10 years & USD 20.94 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Emissions of SO\({}_{2}\), CO\({}_{2}\), and NO, CO\({}_{2}\) reduction, and earned carbon credits for the MSS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Components** & **Weight/Volume** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Energy Density** \\ **(kWh/kg or kWh/m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Embodied Energy** \\ **(kWh)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Galvanized iron sheet \\ (0.1 cm thickness) \\ \end{tabular} & 8 kg & 10.83 & 86.64 \\ \begin{tabular}{c} Plywood sheet \\ (1.8 cm thickness) \\ \end{tabular} & 8 kg & 4.167 & 33.34 \\ \begin{tabular}{c} Glass cover \\ \end{tabular} & 0.51 m \(\times\) 0.6 m & 11,127.8 & 13.62 \\ \begin{tabular}{c} Foam tape on two \\ sides and silicon glue \\ PVC channel \\ \end{tabular} & 0.2 kg & 3.3 & 0.83 \\ \
\begin{tabular}{c} Banana stem + \\ Canphor soothing \\ \end{tabular} & 0.9 kg & 18.75 & 3.75 \\
\begin{tabular}{c} Total embodied energy \\ \end{tabular} & 0.95 & 0.85 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The MSS’s overall embodied energy. The CSS and MSS were able to reduce the pH of the brine water from 8.16 to 7.50 and 7.25, respectively. The total dissolved solids (TDS) were at 440 ppm before desalination; however, after desalination, the TDS levels were significantly reduced to 30 ppm for the CSS and 18.6 ppm for the MSS. The modified still's TDS levels were 95.77% lower than those of saline water. Over the course of its lifespan, the MSS is predicted to emit 219.62 kg of CO\({}_{2}\), 1.67 kg of SO\({}_{2}\), and 0.69 kg of NO. The modified still's net CO\({}_{2}\) mitigation for 10 years of life was 2.09 tonnes. The presented study is a small but significant step towards the feasibility to deploy biowaste in solar desalination systems. Biowaste has the benefit of acting as a thermal absorber on one side and as an insulator on the other. It is extremely desirable to transfer heat to a thin layer of water on one side while avoiding heat loss on the other. Apart from banana stems, this investigation opens the pathway to assess several other forms of biowaste which would not only enhance the efficacy of solar desalination systems but will also aid in sustainable and eco-friendly waste management practices. A.K.K. : conceptualization, editing, research facilities, supervision, and funding; S.R.A. : experiment, data collection, and writing--original draft; V.S.S. : conceptualization, editing, supervision, and funding; P.S.S. : writing--original draft and data collection; M.M. : writing--original draft and data collection. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic (Specific University Grant), Grant # A1_FTOP_2022_001. Not applicable.