# CREBAS: Computer-Based REBA Evaluation System for Wood Manufacturers Using MediaPipe
## 1 Introduction  
As the proportion of repetitive tasks increases due to rapid industrial development and the automation of processes, the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders among industrial workers is increasing. In order to reduce occupational musculoskeletal disorders in workers, the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) put industries under the obligation to prevent musculoskeletal disorders from July 2003 (Item 5 of Para. 1 of Art. 24 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Chapter 12 of the Rules on Occupational Safety and Health Standards). They issued and have enforced the scope of work burdened by the musculoskeletal system (Ministry of Employment and Labor Notice No. 2003-24), and adopted a method of investigating harmful factors (KOSHA GUIDE H-9-2018), butpatients with musculoskeletal disorders continue to occur [1]. Among domestic industries, musculoskeletal disorders occurring in the top 10 industries with multiple musculoskeletal disorders accounted for 64.9% of all musculoskeletal disorders, and it was found to occur mostly in the manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, consumer goods repair, and construction [2]. Figure 1 compares the incidence of occupational diseases and the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases based on the annual occurrence of accident cases reported by the Occupational Safety and Health Agency [3]. The report said that, as of 2021, there were 11,868 people suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, accounting for about 87.4% of 13,578 people with occupational diseases, and it has been on a steady rise since 2016. On the other hand, the rate of deaths per 10,000 workers from occupational accidents decreased by 0.22%(14%) from 1.25%(in 2013 to 1.07%(in 2021, but the musculoskeletal disorders rate per 10,000 workers increased by 2.59%(73%) from 3.53%(in 2013 to 6.12%(in 2021. According to these statistics, the number of deaths from industrial accidents has decreased, but the number of people with musculoskeletal disorders are on the rise. In particular, as the reported musculoskeletal disorders are mainly caused by repeatedly working in a fixed position, many studies on work improvement and preventive measures have been made in the manufacturing and construction industries. Accordingly, as part of the policy to reduce and prevent musculoskeletal disorders, the Ministry of Employment and Labor legislated the duty of employers to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and made it mandatory to investigate related harmful factors and implement measures to improve the working environment. In addition, it is stipulated that workplace health managers direct the working environments to prevent musculoskeletal disorders by improving work methods and securing ergonomic working spaces. It also specified the role of employers, health managers, and workers, respectively, for preventing musculoskeletal disorders, and the preventive and management measures implemented by characteristics are periodically evaluated and supplemented. However, despite such preventive measures for musculoskeletal disorders at workplace, the frequency is continuously increasing, so the need for discussions on occupational accidents related to musculoskeletal disorders is constantly being raised. The harmful factor surveys for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders are conducted at only 11.4%, even in manufacturing workplaces with five or more employees, where people are more likely to have musculoskeletal disorders [4]. In addition, the application of the ergonomic evaluation technique with the objectivity and the quantification  
Figure 1: Occupational accidents in Korea in 2012–2021. is very low, at about 16%, and the low proficiency of non-experts in using evaluation tools makes the ergonomic evaluation results inaccurate and unreliable. In this study, we proposed a method that uses MediaPipe to track the worker's joint information and automatically calculate the risk through the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) algorithm.