# Formation of Conductive Networks in Polysulfone Filled with Graphite-Derived Materials
## 1 Introduction
Carbon nanomaterials (0D: carbon dots, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds; 1D: carbon nanohoms, graphene nanoribbons, and single and multi-walled CNT; 2D: GR, graphene oxide (GO); 3D: graphite (Gr), thermally expanded graphite (EG), and so on [18; 19]) have been used as a promising option because they offer several advantages, including high chemical stability, a large surface-active area, good flexibility, thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, long-term stability, and environmental friendliness with definite geometry. Polymer composites with nanoparticles added have improved mechanical characteristics [20], as well as thermal and electrical conductivity [21], as compared to traditional fibers. As a result, these materials have a wide range of practical applications, including automotive [22], aerospace [23], electronics [24], medical devices [25], safety, protective clothing [26], and constructions and buildings. Researchers are interested in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials because of their special optical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics [27]. Until now, the 2D carbon compounds that are already on the market, such graphene and graphdiyne, have only been able to interweave units of single carbon atoms into periodic networks. In paper [28], the idea of employing big molecules or clusters as separate structural components for creating novel 2D carbon materials was reported. These materials consist of a few atoms or monomer units; they are thin sheets with a weak interlayer and covalent in-plane bonding, as well as layer-substrate interactions, which give them distinct physical and chemical characteristics. This includes hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with graphene [29]. By guaranteeing sufficient electrical and thermal conductivity, superior bipolar plate processability, and low weight, polymer composites can take the role of metals as fuel cell components. Gr, CB, CNTs, graphene nanosheets (nGrs), and carbon fiber (CF) are examples of conductive fillers that can enhance the electrical properties of CPCs [30]. Many advancements have been made in polymer-graphene nanocomposites, which are composed of graphene scattered inside a polymer matrix [31]. Numerous methods, including melt-blending, electrospinning, and chemical vapor deposition, may be used to create these graphene-containing materials. The results can include sheets, membranes, and nanofibers in a range of sizes and forms. Nonetheless, the kind of polymers used in polymer nanocomposites as well as the unequal dispersion of graphene provide constraints that may reduce the final material's performance characteristics. Among thermoplastics, high-performance polymers like polysulfone (PSU) stand out for their remarkable mechanical qualities and thermal stability. PSU's exceptional qualities--such as its strength, toughness, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties--as well as its capacity to create polymeric membranes with a variety of uses, make it a popular material in contemporary technology [32]. In our previous research [33], we studied PSU-based composite materials using the solution method to create the composite and fill it with natural (NG), artificial (AG), and expanded (EG) graphites. Studying the thermal conductivity, we found that composites containing 70 wt. % NG had the highest conductivity, which was around 4.26 W/m-K. Later, in article [34], we made substantial enhancement in the technique for making composite materials, sticking to the process of mixing a filler with a polymer in solution to make composites. It allowed us to increase the thermal conductivity of NG-filled composites by up to 7.35 W/m-K. It was found that NG gives the superior conductive behavior of composites. The idea of the present paper is to add nanosized carbon black particles in polysulfone matrix to increase their own conductive properties to create, in combination with 2D graphite structures, an effective conductive net.