## 3 Result and Discussion  
It has been documented that weight loss is one of the clinical observations during colitis [31]. In the present work, a decrease in weight was documented when the mice were treated with different concentrations of DSS, as shown in Figure 1. Mice treated with 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% DSS demonstrated a decrease in weight after the 4 th day of the experiment. The extent of weight loss was different in each group. The mice treated with 3.5% \(w/v\) DSS weighed significantly less than those treated with 2.5% and 1.5% DSS. Moreover, 3.5% and 2.5% \(w/v\) DSS exhibited a similar pattern of weight loss; however, the 3.5% DSS-treated mice had a slightly greater decrease in weight. Thus, the extent of weight loss increases with the increasing concentrations of DSS. Figure 1: Percentage change in body weight in the mice at different concentrations of DSS. The mice exhibited noticeable differences in weight loss when they were treated with 1.5% and 2.5% DSS rather than 3.5% DSS. The loss in weight of the 2.5% and 3.5% DSS groups was observed from the 4 th day, whereas the loss in weight for 1.5% was seen on the 6 th day of the experiment. To evaluate the severity of inflammation, DAI scores were monitored from day 0 to day 7. The DAI scores were assigned based on the composite score of weight loss, stool consistency, and the appearance of blood in the faeces. The mice treated with 1.5% DSS started losing weight after the 4 th day of the experiment, as shown in Figure 2. Their stools became loose, and the appearance of blood was seen on the 6 th day of the experiment, whereas the weight of the mice treated with 2.5% and 3.5% DSS showed a decrease in weight on the 2 nd day of the experiment. However, diarrhoea and blood in the faeces were seen on the 5 th and 3 rd days of the experiment for 2.5% and 3.5% DSS, respectively. Therefore, the clinical signs of colitis progress as the concentration of DSS increases. On the 7 th day, all of the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The colon was removed, and the length was measured for each group. It has been reported that shortening of the colon is one of the clinical signs of colitis [21]. In the current work, a reduction in colon length was reported, as shown in Figure 3. The length of the healthy colon was 80 mm, as visible in the figure. In comparison to 1.5% and 3.5% DSS, the mice treated with 2.5% DSS had the shortest colon lengths. According to Figure 4, the mice treated with 2.5% DSS show a significantly greater (\(p\)-value \(<\) 0.0001) decrease in colon length than the mice treated with 1.5% DSS. Further  
Figure 3: Change in colon length at different concentrations of DSS. Group I is the colon of the healthy mice, Group II is the colon of the 1.5% DSS-treated mice, group III is the colon of the 3.5 DSS-treated mice, and group IV is the colon of the 3.5% DSS = treated mice. The colon in group II has a shorter length as compared to the entire group. Figure 2: Effect of different concentrations of DSS on the disease activity index. The DAI score graph demonstrates a noticeable difference between the 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% DSS-treated group. The DAI score was observable on the 2 nd day for the 2.5% and 3.5% DSS-treated mice, whereas it was visible on the 5 th day of the experiment for the 1.55 DSS-treated group. more, the 2.5% DSS group had significantly shorter colon lengths (\(p\)-value \(<\) 0.001) than the 3.5% DSS group. The colons of all the groups of mice showed blood and loose stools, whereas the colons of the healthy group showed normal stools. Overall, the mean colon length of all the DSS groups was shorter than that of the control group. Figure 5 represents the colon histology of healthy individuals and mice treated with different concentrations of DSS. The mucosa of a healthy colon shows an intact epithelial cell layer. It also demonstrates a straight and unbroken cryptographer. The mice treated with 1.2% DSS (C) had less crypt damage than the mice treated with 2.5% DSS and 3.5% DSS.