# Modeling and Performance Analysis of mmWave and WiFi-Based Vehicle Communications
## 1 Introduction
### Contribution  
This paper is motivated by the gaps identified in the related work and aims to contribute to the field of V2V communications as follows:  
* We introduce a sophisticated system model employing stochastic geometry. This model uniquely positions vehicles according to the Matern Hard Core Process and utilizes general Nakagami-m fading channels. Notably, it incorporates vehicle altitude--a parameter not considered in previous studies [23; 24; 25; 26; 31]--offering a more comprehensive approach to modeling V2V communications. * Expanding upon our preliminary findings, we provide a detailed comparative analysis between 3D and 2D modeling approaches, particularly emphasizing the role of vehicle altitude. This analysis seeks to underline the significance of altitude in influencing key performance metrics and to demonstrate the superior realism and predictive reliability afforded by 3D modeling in V2V communication studies. * Moreover, we conduct an extensive comparison of mmWave and WiFi technologies within the V2V communication context. By deriving and examining expressions for metrics such as the probability of line of sight, average throughput, and successful \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Stochastic Geometry Process** & **Space Dimension** & **Channel Model** & **Performance Analysis Metric** & **Advantages** & **Limitations** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{8}{*}{1-D} & \multirow{4}{*}{Nakagami} & \multirow{2}{*}{SIR} & - A low performance analysis complexity. & - A low performance analysis accuracy due to the use of SIR metric and 1D modeling. & \multirow{4}{*}{[23]} \\  & & & - A comprehensive analysis of the signal fraction (SF)’s performances. & - Complexity of modeling vehicle interactions in realistic vehicle network scenarios. & \multirow{4}{*}{[27]} \\  & & \multirow{2}{*}{Rayleigh} & \multirow{2}{*}{SINR} & - A low performance analysis accuracy due to the use of Rayleigh channels and 1D modeling. & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & - A comprehensive analysis of the signal fraction (SF)’s performances. & - Complexity of modeling vehicle interactions in realistic vehicle network scenarios. & \multirow{4}{*}{[22]} \\  & & \multirow{2}{*}{Rayleigh} & \multirow{2}{*}{SINR} & - A low performance analysis accuracy due to the use of Rayleigh channels and 1D modeling. & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & - Assessment of C-V2X communication performance with flexible mode selection. & - The 3D distances are not considered. & \multirow{4}{*}{[22]} \\  & & \multirow{2}{*}{Rayleigh} & \multirow{2}{*}{SIR} & - Analyzing vehicle networks in orthogonal road systems. & - The 3D distances are not considered. & \multirow{4}{*}{[24]} \\  & & & & - A low performance analysis accuracy. & \multirow{4}{*}{[28]} \\  & & \multirow{2}{*}{Rayleigh} & \multirow{2}{*}{SIR} & - Enabling characterization of diverse street geometries, including intersections and T-junctions. & - A low vehicles’ 2D distribution accuracy & \multirow{2}{*}{[26]} \\  & & & & - A low performance analysis accuracy. & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{Rayleigh} & \multirow{2}{*}{SINR} & - Highlighting the buildings’ role in migrating co-channel interference, improving V2V communication reliability at urban intersections. & - The 3D distances are not considered. & \multirow{2}{*}{[26]} \\  & & & & - A low performance analysis accuracy. & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{Nakagami} & \multirow{2}{*}{SINR Link Capacity} & - A 3D representation of vehicular spatial position. & - A high-complexity performance analysis. & \multirow{2}{*}{[29]} \\  & & & & - The use of an accurate stochastic geometry process. & - A low performance analysis accuracy due to the use of Rayleigh channels and 1D modeling. & \multirow{2}{*}{[30]} \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Related work to V2V system modeling and performance analysis. transmission probability, this comparison elucidates the distinct advantages and limitations of each technology.