## 8 Conclusions  
We conducted a survey of 121 teenagers to measure their phishing knowledge in the first part of the study. We noticed that the majority of the teenagers frequently use the internet and social networks, as well as mobile devices like cellphones, laptops, and tablets for communication. Our findings further suggest that teenagers' awareness of phishing varies depending on their socioeconomic background and social culture. Teenagers who attend international and private schools and live in urban centers, for example, are more informed than those who attend public schools and reside in rural areas. Surprisingly, even those teenagers who were more knowledgeable about phishing demonstrated poor cybersecurity hygiene, such as sharing mobile phones, in the initial assessment of their phishing knowledge. Some respondents said they shared their social media accounts and passwords with their friends, and the majority said they are open and respond to suspicious emails, phone calls, and messages. Therefore, we created a smartphone game to test teenagers' knowledge and see whether it could help them understand phishing better. Only 30 people took part in the second part of the study, which compared the outcomes of those who used the standard teaching technique to those who engaged in a customized mobile game to measure their phishing knowledge improvement. Performance evaluation indicates that those who played the game did better and retained more knowledge than those who simply read notes. Conceptualization, R.C.T.P. and J.D.N. ; methodology, R.C.T.P. ; software, R.C.T.P. ; validation, R.C.T.P., J.D.N. and J.M. ; formal analysis, R.C.T.P. ; investigation, R.C.T.P. and J.D.N. ; resources, R.C.T.P. ; data curation, R.C.T.P. ; writing--original draft preparation, R.C.T.P. ; writing--review and editing, R.C.T.P. and J.D.N. ; visualization, R.C.T.P. and J.D.N. ; supervision, J.D.N. and J.M. ; project administration, J.D.N. ; funding acquisition, R.C.T.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Tanzania Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST) in Collaboration with Center for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), India; Fund Number 2001. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kibong'oto Infectious Diseases Hospital-Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology-Center for Educational Development in Health, Arusha (KIDH-NM-AIST-CEDHA)-KNCHREC (The protocol code KNCHREC00062/12/2021 and approved on 24 January 2022). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy concerns and the need to be made anonymous on request. The authors declare no conflict of interest. * [4] Authority TCR. Quartely Communications Statistics: Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority. 2021. Available online: [[https://www.tcra.go.tz/uploads/text-editor/files/TelCom%20](https://www.tcra.go.tz/uploads/text-editor/files/TelCom%20) Statistics%20 June%202021_1630483653.pdf]([https://www.tcra.go.tz/uploads/text-editor/files/TelCom%20](https://www.tcra.go.tz/uploads/text-editor/files/TelCom%20) Statistics%20 June%202021_1630483653.pdf) (accessed on 20 June 2021). * [5] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Investigating teenagers' ability to detect phishing messages. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW), Genoa, Italy, 7-11 September 2020; pp. 140-149. * [6] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Exposure and use of mobile media devices by young children. _Pediatrics_**2015**, _136_, 1044-1050. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [7] [PERSON] The Data on Children's Media Use 2018.