## 3 Results
### All Instars Combined  
At 7 DAA, for the XXpire low treatment, the numbers of all _B. tabaci_ instars were significantly lower in the spench treatment than in drench, followed by foliar treatments (\(F_{2,14}=154.8\); \(p<0.001\); Figure 3A). The _B. tabaci_ densities were significantly lower in the spench treatment than in foliar, followed by drench treatments, for XXpire high (\(F_{2,14}=118.3\); \(p<0.001\)) and Zylam treatments (\(F_{2,14}=112.6\); \(p<0.001\)). Among insecticide treatments, for the foliar treatment, the densities of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the Zylam treatment than in XXpire high, followed by XXpire low treatments (\(F_{2,14}=133.8\); \(p<0.001\)). For the spench treatment, the numbers of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the Zylam treatment than in the XXpire low treatment but were not significantly different between Xxipire low and high treatments (\(F_{2,14}=25.6\); \(p<0.001\)). For the drench treatment, the numbers of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in Zylam and XXpire low treatments than in the XXpire high treatment (\(F_{2,14}=12.3\); \(p<0.001\); Figure 3A). At 14 DAA, the numbers of _B. tabaci_ instars were significantly lower in the spench treatment than in foliar, followed by drench treatments for XXpire low (\(F_{2,14}=236.3\); \(p<0.001\); Figure 3B). For the XXpire high treatment, the densities of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the spench treatment than in drench, followed by foliar treatments (\(F_{2,14}=164.7\); \(p<0.001\)). For the Zylam treatment, the densities of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the spench treatment than in foliar and drench treatments, which had similar densities (\(F_{2,14}=77.6\); \(p<0.001\)). Among the applied insecticides, for the foliar treatment, the numbers of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the Zylam treatment than in XXpire treatments (\(F_{2,14}=107.3\); \(p<0.001\); Figure 3B). The numbers of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the Zylam treatment than in XXpire high, followed by the XXpire low treatment, for spench (\(F_{2,14}=42.9\); \(p=0.016\)) and drench treatments (\(F_{2,14}=230.3\); \(p<0.001\); Figure 3B). At 21 DAA, the numbers of _B. tabaci_ instars were significantly lower in the speech treatment than in foliar, followed by drench treatments, for the XXpire low treatment (\(F_{2,13}=125.3\); \(p<0.001\); Figure 3C). For the XXpire high treatment, the densities of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in foliar and spend treatments than in the drench treatment  
Figure 3: Combined instars. Least-squares mean (\(\pm\)SE) numbers of all instars of _B. tabaci_ observed on poinsetia leaves treated with various insecticides and application methods in the greenhouse at (**A**) 7, (**B**) 14, (**C**) 21, and (**D**) 28 days after application. Same lower-case letters among methods within insecticide treatment are not significantly different at \(\alpha=0.05\) (Tukey–Kramer test), and same upper-case letters among same-colored bars (application method) are not significantly different at \(\alpha=0.05\) (Tukey–Kramer test). (\(F_{2,14}=81.9\); \(p<0.001\)). For the Zylam treatment, the numbers of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the spench treatment than in foliar and drench treatments (\(F_{2,14}=32.5\); \(p<0.001\)). Among insecticide treatments, for the foliar treatment, the densities of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in XXpire high and Zylam treatments than in the XXpire low treatment (\(F_{2,14}=115.7\); \(p<0.001\); Figure 3C). For the spench treatment, the numbers of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the Zylam treatment than in XXpire treatments (\(F_{2,14}=32.7\); \(p<0.001\)). For the drench treatment, the numbers of _B. tabaci_ were significantly lower in the Zylam treatment than in XXpire high, followed by XXpire low treatments (\(F_{2,13}=113.8\); \(p<0.001\); Figure 3C). At 28 DAA, for the XXpire low treatment, the numbers of _B.