## 1 Introduction  
We encounter various facilities in everyday life provided by different networks' systems and architectures. Most of such solutions belong to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) or the Internet of Things (IoT). These systems use sensors and various Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms to improve our lives [1]. Moreover, they work in different areas of our lives [2; 3; 4]. For example, we can find such systems in medicine [5], sports [6], or security [7]. Each solution is characteristic of a specific area and problem. We find systems that use sensors to monitor patients' health in medicine. The implemented AI methods, combined with sensors, can help control the vital functions of chronically ill people and signal the need to deliver medications to the patient when necessary. People with eyesight problems can also be helped by using AI [8; 9]. In sports, we can find AI methods that enable the analysis of the athlete's movement and performance. Additionally, these systems can analyze the athlete's vital functions and react in life-threatening situations [10]. On the other hand, the security aspect affects many different planes of human life. We can consider physical and environmental security here. Physical and environmental security cover many issues. Physical security primarily refers to protecting people and property against various factors (for example, fire, flood, theft, vandalism, and terrorism). Environmental security, in turn, refers to the protection of specific infrastructure. Both issues are reflected in various standards prepared by agencies such as NIST, ISO, COBIT, and GDR [11]. In particular, by physical security, we mean protecting human life against factors that may contribute to human death. For example, physical security may include preventing car accidents. Based on other drivers' behavior, we can predict a possible collision. Also, physical security is related to pedestrians at crossings and on the shoulders of the road. In contrast, environmental security concerns data security and computer network users' identity. Especially characteristic are IoT systems, which consist of many communicating wireless devices (mobile devices and sensors). IoT systems can also use Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) technology, the task of which is to monitor and collect data from a defined area. The characteristics of the data sent by users of devices located in IoT systems can be varied. Regardless of the data characteristics, the data collected by these devices should be appropriately secured against unauthorized access and attacks by rogue users [12,13]. As mentioned, CPSs or IoT systems use Artificial Intelligence algorithms. In short, these algorithms tell the system how to learn to operate on its own. AI algorithms use techniques like Deep or Machine Learning, Cloud Computing, or Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), depending on the problem to be solved. As AI algorithms' users, we can set some requirements for them. From the physical and environmental security point of view, these requirements will concentrate on dimensions like safety, robustness or privacy, and data governance. Therefore, we can set the following requirements: the ability to make informed decisions by system users, the security of users, their privacy and data, system resistance to attacks, traceability, the transparency of system components, and responsibility [14, 15, 16]. Artificial Intelligence algorithms must meet the requirements of being trustworthy. The concept of TAI emerged in response to the rapid pace of technological change. Moreover, the Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (TAI) systems have become a priority for the European Union. AI systems must be human-centric and serve humanity and the good of society at large. These systems offer enormous opportunities, but also pose certain risks, which can impact society. As a result, trust in technology has become a key goal for developers of AI-based systems [14]. A Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence system must have three characteristics throughout its life cycle.