## 1 Introduction  
Global energy consumption has increased significantly due to population growth [1]. The increase in energy demand has prompted the search for alternatives for energy generation, the development of thermal processes according to the rational use of energy, preservation of the environment [2], and the improvement of thermal efficiency by mean of thermoeconomics modeling [3] and thermoeconomic optimization [4]. The development of new-generation systems using renewable energies has been one of the most widely studied options [5,6] because many countries have developed an energy policy that encourages the generation of environmentally friendly options based on clean-development mechanisms [7]. Thus, the contribution of these energy sources globally has been growing. Between 2016 and 2017, as recorded by Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), there was an increase in renewable energy of 2%, which equates to a rise of almost 157 GW in global power generation [8]. Electricity production from solar energy increased from 1050 GW in 1992 to 112,150 GW by 2013. Of this increase, 78% was produced by Japan, the United States, Germany, Spain, and Italy [9]. This was achieved thanks to various projects that were developed in different countries. In South Korea, a neural network model was built to calculate horizontal solar irradiation, taking images from the Korean communication, ocean, and meteorological satellites (COMS) as input; this model has an error of 12% and a correlation coefficient of 0.975. The result of this model was the generation of hour-by-hour solar radiation maps in South Korea [10]. Similarly, in Saudi Arabia, taking into account that this government wants to invest USD 109 billion over the next 20 years, a document was presented that assesses if there is potential for generating photovoltaic energy in homes. The results for two typical building structures in the country were analyzed, taking into account the demands for electricity of these buildings, and a cost-benefit assessment for different scenarios of photovoltaic systems was completed [11]. On the other hand, wind energy has also been developed as a good alternative to fossil fuels for energy generation. This is reflected in research that shows that in the United States, there was an increase in the production of wind energy of approximately 14% between 2004 and 2013. Similarly, Germany and China presented increases in wind energy production, reaching approximate increases of 8% and 7.7%, respectively, for the same period [12]. A recent study looked at the Changhua-South Offshore Wind Farm by using data obtained from a meteorological mast, a detection device, and a floating light range (LiDAR); these data were collected by the NASA Climate Simulation Center. The results of this assessment showed that at a height of 105 m, wind speeds were 7.97 and 8.02 m/s, from the floating LiDAR device and mast, respectively, and produced the potential of up to 314 GWh/year [13]. Likewise, for Latin America, 141 locations in the Gulf of Mexico were analyzed by calculating the main characteristics of the wind. Hourly records from 1980 to 2017 were analyzed at a height of 50 m, using the free software R, and showed that different locations had different good wind seasons; for fall, winter, and spring, the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Tabasco were good for wind energy production, while Campeche and Yucatan were good in winter and spring [14]. Despite this, low wind power has presented some difficulties for the development of wind energy production. This is mainly due to the low wind speeds and higher turbulence that occur in built environments due to the presence of obstructions. This turbulence causes fatigue in the turbines, which generates a decrease in their useful life, leading to an increase in maintenance costs [15]. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that the use of low-scale, wind-solar systems represents a financial risk [16]. Another alternative energy source is hydrogen, and this fuel has been the focus of studies in recent years.