## 7 Discussion  
The results of this study showed that the virtual reality-based stress therapy system developed based on the framework proposed was effective, usable, useful and easy to be used in reducing stress. Based on the results of the psychological measures, it was found that the system implementing the concept of the framework proposed was effective in reducing stress. The effectiveness was demonstrated by the significant reduction in stress intensity after the therapy session. Apart from this, the result of the emotional intensity changes also showed that the majority of the participants experienced positive emotional improvements after the therapy sessions. The positive results indicate that the virtual reality-based stress therapy \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**Design Elements** & **Mean** & **SD** \\ \hline Active interaction & 3.73 & 0.45 \\ Nature-based theme & 3.73 & 0.51 \\ Fascination stimuli & 3.70 & 0.46 \\ Visual clarity & 3.58 & 0.55 \\ Realism & 3.55 & 0.64 \\ Safety features & 3.55 & 0.81 \\ Mind preparation & 3.45 & 0.85 \\ Free exploration & 3.25 & 0.74 \\ Supporting audio & 3.25 & 0.81 \\ Daylight lighting & 3.25 & 0.9 \\ Pre-defined viewpoints & 3.15 & 0.7 \\ Social support & 3.05 & 0.99 \\ Passive interaction & 2.63 & 0.95 \\ Pre-defined path & 2.45 & 0.93 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Results of the design elements’ usefulness sorted according to the mean values. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Helpful**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Not Helping Much**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Not Helpful at All**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**No Opinion**} \\
**Design** & **Frequency** & **Percent (\%)** & **Frequency** & **Percent (\%)** & **Frequency** & **Percent (\%)** & **Frequency** & **Percent (\%)** \\ \hline Fascination stimuli & 40 & 100 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Nature-based theme & 39 & 97.5 & 1 & 2.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Supporting audio & 36 & 90 & 3 & 7.5 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 2.5 \\ Daylight lighting & 35 & 87.5 & 3 & 7.5 & 1 & 2.5 & 1 & 2.5 \\ Realism & 39 & 97.5 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 2.5 & 0 & 0 \\ Free exploration & 33 & 82.5 & 7 & 17.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Pre-defined viewpoints & 33 & 82.5 & 7 & 17.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Pre-defined path & 18 & 45 & 16 & 40 & 6 & 15 & 0 & 0 \\ Passive interaction & 24 & 60 & 10 & 25 & 6 & 15 & 0 & 0 \\ Active interaction & 40 & 100 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Safety features & 37 & 92.5 & 2 & 5 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 2.5 \\ Mind preparation & 36 & 90 & 3 & 7.5 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 2.5 \\ Social support & 33 & 82.5 & 3 & 7.5 & 3 & 7.5 & 1 & 2.5 \\ Visual clarity & 39 & 97.5 & 1 & 2.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Tabulation of helpfulness of the design element proposed. system was effective in reducing stress. The result of the restorative outcome scale (ROS) also demonstrated a significant increase in mean value after the therapy session, suggesting that the system was effective in restoring the mental state of the participants. In addition, the results of the perceived overall effectiveness of the system also showed that the majority of the participants agreed that the system was effective at aiding them in reducing stress. Thus, this reflects the effectiveness of the system in reducing stress. In terms of physiological measures, the mean blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic readings, as well as pulse rate before and after the therapy sessions, recorded no significant differences. The results could be caused by the inclusion of the active interaction design element that required the participants to perform some physical movements in order to complete the relaxation activities. The physical movements performed could result in unchanged, or in the case of some participants, increase in blood pressure and pulse rate readings. A study by [PERSON] et al. [47] on the determination of stress using blood pressure and galvanic skin response revealed that 80 percent of participants recorded higher blood pressure levels after performing some physical activities.