# Performance Evaluation of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures Modified by Fuel-Resistant Admixture
## 2 Experimental Programs
### Laboratory Assessment
#### 2.2.2 Experimental Methods for Asphalt Mixtures  
(1) Oil Immersion Treatment  
Considering that surface brushing and towel spreading can affect test stability due to diesel volatilization, the specimens were subjected to oil immersion treatment in this study. The mixture specimens were immersed in #0 diesel for 24 h and removed, and then were tested after the diesel had completely evaporated. A cylindrical stainless steel container was utilized for the oil immersion in this study. After placing standard Marshall specimens into the container, diesel was poured to a height of 70 mm, as depicted in Figure 4.  
(2) Mass Loss Test  
The mass loss test utilized Marshall specimens. The experiment needs three parallel tests on the same sample. Prior to oil immersion, the mass of the specimens (m\({}_{1}\)) was determined. After oil immersion, the specimens were retrieved, and once the diesel had evaporated, their mass (m\({}_{2}\)) was measured. The mass loss of the specimens was calculated using Equation (1):  
\[\text{Q}=(1-\frac{\text{m}_{2}}{\text{m}_{1}})\times 100\%, \tag{1}\]  
where Q represents the mass loss due to oil erosion, m\({}_{1}\) is the mass of the asphalt mixture specimen before oil immersion, and m\({}_{2}\) is the mass of the asphalt mixture specimen after immersion. (3) Cantabro Test  
Specimens molded using the standard Marshall compaction method, with compaction applied to both sides for 50 cycles, were used for the test. The specimens had a diameter of 101.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 mm and a height of 63.5 \(\pm\)1.3 mm. The test was conducted at a temperature of \(20\pm 0.5\)\({}^{\circ}\)C. Three parallel tests are needed on the same sample. For detailed test procedures, refer to Section T 0733-2011 in Standard JTG E20-2011 [18]. The scattering loss (\(\Delta\)S) of the asphalt mixture was calculated according to Equation (2):  
\[\Delta S=\frac{m_{0}-m_{1}}{m_{0}}, \tag{2}\]  
where \(\Delta\)S denotes the asphalt mixture loss due to flying debris, m\({}_{0}\) is the specimen mass before the test, and m\({}_{1}\) is the specimen mass after the test. (4) Marshall Stability Test  
The Marshall specimens conformed to the dimensions of 101.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 mm diameter and 63.5 \(\pm\) 1.3 mm height. The mechanical properties of the SMA-13 mixture were assessed using the Marshall stability test at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Three parallel tests on the same sample are  
Figure 4: Marshall specimen oil immersion treatment. required for the experiment. For detailed test procedures, refer to Section T 0709-2011 in Standard JTG E20-2011 [18]. In this study, the retained Marshall stability ratio (OR\({}_{\text{MS}}\)) was chosen as the evaluation criterion for Marshall stability before and after oil erosion of FRMAMs. The calculation method is described by Equation (3):  
\[OR_{\text{MS}}=\frac{\text{MS}_{1}}{\text{MS}_{2}}\times 100\%, \tag{3}\]  
where OR\({}_{\text{MS}}\) stands for the retained Marshall stability ratio, MS\({}_{1}\) represents the Marshall stability after oil immersion, and MS\({}_{2}\) represents the Marshall stability before oil immersion. (5) IDT Test  
The specimens were prepared using the standard Marshall compaction method, with a specimen diameter of 101.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 mm and a height of 63.5 \(\pm\) 1.3 mm. The compaction was carried out at a temperature of \(-\)10 \(\pm\) 0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the loading rate was set at 1 mm/min. The experiment necessitates three parallel tests on the identical sample. The detailed experimental procedure is outlined in Section T 0716-2011 of Standard JTG E20-2011 [18]. The IDT strength (R\({}_{\text{T}}\)) was computed using Equation (4).