# Acceptance Model for Mobile Building Information Modeling (BIM)
## 5 Model Validation
### Findings and Discussion  
As a result of the analysis, the external factors that significantly affected the mobile BIM acceptance were found to be technology quality, self-efficiency, and behavior control. **Tool Quality:** Tool quality is the software performance of the mobile BIM application, suggesting that the quality of the tools that the users need for the mobile BIM applications must be ensured. As a result, it is expected that the application could contribute to the mobile BIM acceptance if the application reflects the assessment items of the technology quality analyzed in this study as being significant to the mobile BIM acceptance. First, the mobile BIM should facilitate the input and output of data and provide reasonable access to information. This is consistent with the mobile nature of having easy access to information regardless of the location. Moreover, a variety of ways to efficiently use the information on mobile hardware with small screens, such as a user-centered interface design, should be explored. Second, the information that can be obtained from the tool should be accurate and detailed. The information obtained should be available throughout the life cycle. This conforms to the characteristics of the BIM that detailed information generated during the project life cycle can be aggregated based on visual objects. Accordingly, various methods should be explored to effectively \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Total Effects**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Direct Effects**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Indirect Effects**} \\ \hline  & **EOU** & **U** & **IIA** & **EOU** & **U** & **IIA** & **EOU** & **U** & **IIA** \\ \hline
**TQ** & 0.666 & 0.693 & 0.449 & 0.666 & 0.424 & 0 & 0 & 0.269 & 0.449 \\
**PE** & 0.42 & 0.619 & 0.398 & 0.42 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 & 0.17 & 0.398 \\
**BC** & 0.123 & 0.071 & 0.047 & 0.123 & 0.021 & 0 & 0 & 0.05 & 0.047 \\
**EOU** & 0 & 0.405 & 0.272 & 0 & 0.405 & 0.017 & 0 & 0 & 0.255 \\
**U** & 0 & 0 & 0.631 & 0 & 0 & 0.631 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
**IIA** & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Direct, indirect and total effects. Figure 4: The validation results of the proposed model. \({}^{+}\)\(p\)\(<\) 0.1, \({}^{\ast}\)\(p\)\(<\) 0.05, \({}^{\ast\ast}\)\(p\)\(<\) 0.01, \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\)\(p\)\(<\) 0.001.  
manage various information, such as BIM information, construction project information, and web cloud utilization. Third, it should be easy to understand the instructions and learn how to use. Replies to questions about how to use them should be answered quickly. Accordingly, there is a need to provide manuals or tutorials to help the users learn how to use the system. Moreover, there should be a window for exchanging questions and answers on how to use it. Finally, continuous updating of tools and A/S should be possible because users require speed. This suggests the need for a steady system performance improvement and suggests that a community should be provided for continuous feedback from the implementer on the system performance. **Personal Efficacy:** Personal efficiency is the psychological state of an individual using the mobile BIM application in his or her work. It suggests that the mobile BIM induces a belief that the use of a mobile BIM will produce successful results. As a result, measures should be taken to appropriately promote various benefits that individuals can enjoy by using the mobile BIM. **Behavior Control:** Behavior control is the environment in which tools are used. It suggests that mobile BIM applications require internal support and internal pressure, which are appropriate to the internal structure of the organization. First, the mobile BIM can be more easily used when receiving ancillary help from an organization's policies, members, etc. This suggests that appropriate policies should be established in the organization for the use of a mobile BIM, such as free educational opportunities and free software.