## 3 Results  
Table 1 shows the anthropometric characteristics between the pre- and post-test. These values are typical of elite triathletes and lower to elite cyclists [44], and also similar to research [45] in which internationally ranked male triathletes participated. Large ESs were found for all the anthropometric characteristics. Moreover, significant differences were found in \(\Sigma\) 6 skinfolds (8.1 cm) and fat mass kg and %, which was reduced (1.2%), showing lower values than the physical characteristics of elite short- and long-distance triathletes [13].  
Table 2 is a comparison of the physiological characteristics of triathletes pre- and post-training. Large ESs were found for the most important performance indicator in the running segment, the speed, in the VT1 and VT2 intensities. Although peak speed remained the same, the VO\({}_{2}\)max showed large ESs. These values are comparable with  
values of sub-elite and elite triathletes reported in the literature [15; 46; 47]. Moreover, significant differences were found in the specific speed (0.97 km h\({}^{-1}\)) and % VO\({}_{2}\)max (3.65%) improvement of the short-distance triathlon, the VT2, improving also the VO\({}_{2}\) (3.5 mL kg\({}^{-1}\) min\({}^{-1}\)) in this physiological intensity.  
Table 3 shows the values of the spatiotemporal parameters of stiffness, contact time (CT), vertical oscillation (VO), cadence (measured in steps per minute (spm)), flying time (FT), step length normalized (SL norm) and \"duty factor\" between the pre- and post-test. In the same way as with the physiological parameters, the ESs are interpreted due to the small number of the sample. Significant differences were found in SL normalized in VT2 and a tendency is showed in VT1 (\(p\) = 0.056), showing large ESs due to the improvement of 10 cm in VT1 and 11 cm in VT2. Small and moderate ESs were found in stiffness, VO, cadence and FT. Controversial changes show the largest ES for CT, which decreased in VT1 and increased in VT2 and MAS.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & **Pre-Test** & **Post-Test** & \(p\) & **ES** \\ \hline Weight (kg) & 72.4 \(\pm\) 5.2 & 71.4 \(\pm\) 4.2 & 0.147 & 0.97 \\ \(\Sigma\) 6 skinfolds & 42.5 \(\pm\) 4.5 & 34.4 \(\pm\) 1.8 & 0.017  & 2.39 \\  Lean mass (kg) & 33.3 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 33 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 0.137 & 1.01 \\ Fat mass (kg) & 5.6 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 4.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.027  & 2.03 \\ Fat mass (\%) & 7.7 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 6.5 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 0.019  & 2.30 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Anthropometric characteristics (mean \(\pm\) SD) of the triathletes pre- and post-training.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline  & **Pre-Test** & **Post-Test** & \(p\) & **ES** \\ \hline VT1 & & & & \\ Speed (km h\({}^{-1}\)) & 14.95 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 15.4 \(\pm\) 0.73 & 0.103 & 1.16 \\ VO\({}_{2}\) (mL kg\({}^{-1}\) min\({}^{-1}\)) & 47.5 \(\pm\) 4.8 & 53.50 \(\pm\) 1.29 & 0.081 & 1.29 \\ \% VO\({}_{2}\)max (mL kg\({}^{-1}\) min\({}^{-1}\)) & 66.33 \(\pm\) 7.77 & 73.56 \(\pm\) 1.47 & 0.106 & 1.15 \\ HR (bpm) & 151.25 \(\pm\) 15.48 & 158.5 \(\pm\) 7.68 & 0.318 & 0.6 \\ \hline VT2 & & & & \\ Speed (km h\({}^{-1}\)) & 16.98 \(\pm\) 0.62 & 17.95 \(\pm\) 0.79  & 0.032 & 1.9 \\ VO\({}_{2}\) (mL kg\({}^{-1}\) min\({}^{-1}\)) & 60.5 \(\pm\) 3.11 & 64 \(\pm\) 2.94  & 0.012 & 2.71 \\ \% VO\({}_{2}\)max (mL kg\({}^{-1}\) min\({}^{-1}\)) & 84.29 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 87.94 \(\pm\) 1.59  & 0.013 & 2.65 \\ HR (bpm) & 174.5 \(\pm\) 10.54 & 177.5 \(\pm\) 10.34 & 0.182 & 0.87 \\ \hline MAS & & & & \\ Peak speed (km h\({}^{-1}\)) & 20.13 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 20.13 \(\pm\) 0.62 & 1 & 0 \\ VO\({}_{2}\)max (mL kg\({}^{-1}\) min\({}^{-1}\)) & 71.75 \(\pm\) 2.87 & 72.75 \(\pm\) 2.22 & 0.092 & 1.22 \\ \% VO\({}_{2}\)max (mL kg\({}^{-1}\) min\({}^{-1}\)) & 100 & 100 & & \\ HRmax (bpm) & 189.75 \(\pm\) 7.04 & 191 \(\pm\) 9.31 & 0.464 & 0.42 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Physiological characteristics (means \(\pm\) SD) of the triathletes pre- and post-training.