# Determination of Effective Parameters for Hydropower Plants' Energy Generation: A Case Study
## 3 Data Collection  
### Temperature  
The air temperature data of the studied field were obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service [37] for 2016-2019 at the points of 37\({}^{\circ}\)47\({}^{\prime}\)15\({}^{\prime\prime}\) northern latitudes and 44\({}^{\circ}\)07\({}^{\prime}\)23\({}^{\prime\prime}\) east longitudes. The given official gauging station, which is the nearest temperature measurement station to the stream gauging station numbered 2621, is 5 km away from the stream gauging station. Data attained from the indicated official station represent the general temperature characteristics of the examined area, which consists of a stream gauging station, regulator (intake), and power house. Figure 3 demonstrates the daily temperature variation of the given field, including the values of the years between  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Location** & **Zap River/Hakkari/Turkey** \\ \hline
**Installed Capacity** & 30 MW \\ \hline
**Energy Generation [Est.]** & 100 GWh \\ \hline  & Regulator \\ \cline{2-3}
**Plant Components** & Transmission Tunnel \\ \cline{2-3}  & Penstock \\ \cline{2-3}  & Power house \\ \hline
**Transmission Tunnel** & 3.3 km \\ \hline
**Turbine Type** & Francis (horizontal) \(*\) 3 \\ \hline
**Turbine Power** & 10.1 MW (each) \\ \hline
**Turbine Efficiency** & 0.91 \\ \hline
**Net head** & 108.3 m \\ \hline
**Design Flow** & 31.24 m\({}^{3}\)/s \\ \hline
**Mean Flow** & 15.16 m\({}^{3}\)/s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Technical specifications of Bagisli HPP.  
Figure 2: Orientation of main components of power plant and stream gauging station.  
2016 and 2019. When the temperature characteristics given in the figure are analyzed, it can be seen that the studied region has a continental climate. For the specified time interval, the highest and lowest recorded temperatures are 26.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C and \(-\)22 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. In general, it can be seen that the temperatures of the area are below 0 \({}^{\circ}\)C for the months of December, January, and February, in the interval of \(-\)22 \({}^{\circ}\)C-0 \({}^{\circ}\)C, which have the lowest recorded temperatures throughout the year. On the other hand, at the end of June, July, and August, the observed temperatures are in the range of 16 \({}^{\circ}\)C-26 \({}^{\circ}\)C for the given years.  
It can be deduced from Figure 3 that the mean air temperatures of the area in the summer season, including June, July, and August, are increasing for the successive years studied. In 2016, the mean temperature of the summer months was 20.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while this value was calculated as 21.06 \({}^{\circ}\)C in 2017, 21.25 \({}^{\circ}\)C in 2018, and 21.43 \({}^{\circ}\)C in 2019. Considering the years examined, partial increases were observed in the mean temperatures of the summer months. On the contrary, although there were no significant changes in the mean temperatures of the winter months consisting of December, January, and February in the years examined, while the mean temperature of the relevant months was around \(-\)6 \({}^{\circ}\)C, this value increased in 2018 and was calculated as \(-\)1.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C.