## 3 Results
### Immunohistochemistry Marker Levels  
The levels of immunohistochemistry markers are represented in Table 5. Immuno-zymatic assays demonstrated higher concentrations of IL-1\(\beta\)  and IL-17f in test implants compared to control implants at 12 months. On the other hand, the test group presented lower concentrations of IL-10, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-\(\gamma\), TNF-\(\alpha\), IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, and IL-33 than the control group at 24 months (\(p<0.05\)). Intra-group analysis showed an increase in levels of IL-4-, IL-10, and TNF-\(\alpha\) in 12 months compared to baseline for both groups (\(p<0.05\)). The test group showed reduced levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-\(\alpha\) and an increase in IL-21 at 24 months compared to 12 months (\(p<0.05\)). The control group presented lower levels of IL-4 and higher levels of IL-17, IL-18, IL-33, IL-21, IFN-\(\gamma\), IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-\(\alpha\) at 24 months (\(p<0.05\)). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Type 2 DM Patients**} \\ \hline  & **Test** & **Control** \\ \hline Age (years) & 65.90 \(\pm\) 9.04 & 65.90 \(\pm\) 9.04 \\ \hline Gender & 60\% male & 60\% male \\  & 40\% female & 40\% female \\ \hline DM time (years) & 15.89 \(\pm\) 8.76 & 15.89 \(\pm\) 8.76 \\ \hline HbA1c (\%) & 8.89 \(\pm\) 1.82 & 8.89 \(\pm\) 1.82 \\ \hline FPG (mg/dL) & 142.72 \(\pm\) 29.09 & 142.72 \(\pm\) 29.09 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Demographic characteristics of the study population (mean \(\pm\) SD). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Parameter**} & **Group** & **Baseline** & **12 Months** & **24 Months** \\ \hline MPI & Test & 16.25 \(\pm\) 36.52 & 8.75 \(\pm\) 23.33 & 16.30 \(\pm\) 22.75 \\  & Control & 16.25 \(\pm\) 36.72 & 21.98 \(\pm\) 29.72 & 27.50 \(\pm\) 37.96 \\ \(p\)-value & & 0.5930 & 0.1386 & 0.5930 \\ \hline MBoPI & Test & 8.75 \(\pm\) 16.77 & 6.25 \(\pm\) 13.75 & 12.50 \(\pm\) 17.21 \\  & Control & 10.00 \(\pm\) 14.96 & 16.25 \(\pm\) 29.55 & 16.25 \(\pm\) 24.79 \\ \(p\)-value & & 0.7874 & 0.2733 & 0.7332 \\ \hline \end{tabular} No statistically significant intra-group differences were observed (Freedman test, \(p<0.05\)). No statistically significant differences between groups were observed (Wilcoxon test, \(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Percentage (mean \(\pm\) SD) of modified plaque and bleeding on probing index at experimental sites at baseline, 12 and 24 months. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Group** & **Baseline** & **12 Months** & **24 Months** \\ \hline PPD (mm) & Test & 2.06 \(\pm\) 0.52 b & 1.88 \(\pm\) 0.80 b & 2.43 \(\pm\) 0.51 a \\ Control & 2.53 \(\pm\) 0.71 a & 2.55 \(\pm\) 1.21 a & 2.94 \(\pm\) 0.97 a \\ \(p\)-value & 0.1240 & 0.0171 & 0.7537 \\ \hline CAL (mm) & Test & 2.06 \(\pm\) 0.52 b & 2.08 \(\pm\) 1.08 b & 2.41\(\pm\) 0.52 a \\ Control & 2.56 \(\pm\) 0.76 a & 2.58 \(\pm\) 1.22 a & 2.97 \(\pm\) 0.96 a \\ \(p\)-value & 0.0640 & 0.0219 & 0.7537 \\ \hline PMG (mm) & Test & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.59 a & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.19 a \\ Control & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.24 a & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a \\ \(p\)-value & 0.3173 & 0.5930 & 0.3173 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Distinct letters indicate statistically significant differences (\(p\leq\) 0.05). There were no statistically significant intra-group differences (\(p>\) 0.05).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Peri-implant PPD, CAL, and PMG (mean \(\pm\) SD) at experimental sites at baseline, 12 and 24 months.