## 4 Non-Dominant Sorting Adaptive Memetic Algorithm (NSAM)
### Basic Structure of the NSAM
Then, with the consideration of orbital disturbance and the minimization of fuel consumption, a three-phase orbital manoeuvring method is designed. The NSAM algorithm is proposed to intelligently generate feasible solutions. The optimization algorithm plays an important role in constellation reconstruction selects the best possible trajectory option and plans the best manoeuvres. In other words, the trajectory parameters are optimized by the algorithm to obtain the global optimal mean distance, total access time, and \(\Delta V\). Finally, the tracking situation of targets with or without orbital manoeuvring is compared, and the experiment is verified on the self-designed IEAT-C experimental platform. The results of this study show that the satellite manoeuvring reconstruction with low thrust can realize the tracking of sea targets and collect target data with better quality and quantity. This paper mainly focuses on the methodology of constellation reconstruction. The research on the NSAM algorithm is still limited to the design and application of the algorithm's structure. The comparison of algorithm's performance has not been studied in depth. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the NSAM algorithm in the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Track Name** & **Altitude (km)** & **Inclination (deg)** & **Right Ascension of the Ascending Node at Epoch (deg)** & **Argument of Latitude at Epoch (deg)** & **Argument Latitude at Epoch (deg)** \\ \hline Initial orbit & 703 & 40 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline Transfer orbit & 720 & 40 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline Final orbit & 715 & 40 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Three-phase orbit parameters. Figure 6: Results Simulation. (**a**) Initial state. (**b**) Final state. field of multi-objective optimization algorithms should be deeply studied. In addition, the number of satellites and the number of orbits should be increased to prove the universality, scalability, and adaptability of the method. Conceptualization, Y.W. and J.L. ; methodology, Y.W. ; formal analysis, X.G. ; validation, X.G., and W.Z. ; writing--original draft preparation, Y.W. ; writing--review and editing, X.G. and W.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The code for this article can be found at [[https://github.com/11](https://github.com/11) wangyao/MTT]([https://github.com/11](https://github.com/11) wangyao/MTT), accessed on 28 August 2023. The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

* (1) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A satellite configuration design to achieve optical stealth. _Space Control Technol. Appl._**2017**, _43_, 61-66. * (2) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] _Optimal Search, Location and Tracking of Surface Maritime Targets by a Constellation of Surveillance Satellites_; DSTO Information Sciences Laboratory: Canberra, Australia, 2003. * (3) [PERSON] _Joint Scheduling for Space-Based Maritime Moving Targets Surveillance_; National University of Defense Technology: Changsha, China, 2011; pp. 40-63, 74-125, 142-145. * (4) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] GF-4 satellite and automatic identification system data fusion for ship tracking. _IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett._**2018**, _16_, 281-285. [CrossRef]
* (5) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] An efficient approach for tracking the aerosol-cloud interactions formed by ship emissions using GOES-R satellite imagery and AIS ship tracking information. _arXiv_**2021**, arXiv:2108.05882. * (6) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Using Multiple Satellites to Search for Maritime Moving Targets Based on Reinforcement Learning. _J. Donghua Univ. Engl._**2016**, _33_, 749-754. * (7) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Design and simulation of moving target tracking strategy for high-orbit optical imaging satellite. _Spaczer. Eng._**2018**, _27_, 10-16.