###### Abstract  
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology, for services that are difficult to access or which need to be continuously monitored regardless of location, needs further research and development due to an expansion of fields where it can be applied and due to increases in efficiency. In particular, in the field of defense, research on the latest IT technologies including sensor networks is being actively conducted as an alternative to the risky use of personnel in areas such as surveillance and surveillance reconnaissance. This paper experimented with analyzing the conditions necessary for increasing the energy efficiency of the nodes constituting a sensor network using a clustering routing technique and a location-based routing technique. The derived factors include a method for selecting a cluster head (CH), a method for establishing a path from each channel to a base station (BS), and a method for transmitting collected data. We experimented with the derived factors and proposed a WSN configuration method that increases the energy efficiency of each node by applying optimal results and methods that were verified experimentally. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN); cluster head (CH); base station (BS); cluster-based routing protocol; location-based routing protocol +
Footnote †: journal:  
Article  
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology is suitable for applications that are difficult to access or require continuous monitoring due to geographical and physical factors. Recently, the importance of this technology has been highlighted due to the development of related technologies, an expansion of fields where it can be applied, and increases in efficiency. In particular, various sensor-related technologies based on low power are expanding WSN applications to private sectors, including large-scale manufacturing, defense areas aimed at monitoring, natural disaster response, and social safety nets [1, 2, 3]. An example of a sensor network use case in the defense field is an unmanned boundary system using Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) technology. In this regard, research is being conducted on the Surveillance and Reconnaissance Sensor Network (SRSN) to build an unmanned boundary system [1]. SRSN is a system that applies sensor network technology to transmit sensing information in real-time according to the function of a sensor in the field of surveillance reconnaissance. The general physical configuration of the sensor network system applied to SRSN consists of a sensor node, base station (BS) or sinkhole, and a database/web server that collects necessary data, as shown in Figure 1. The sensor node performs the function of transmitting data to the BS after obtaining information such as magnetic, acoustic, vibration, and temperature readings [2, 3]. The physical configuration of a typical WSN system is as follows: Sensor nodes that transmit data directly to the BS are classified as routers or gateways, and sensor nodes that transmit data to the routers or gateways are classified as end nodes. Sensor nodes corresponding to routers or gateways can reduce transmission and reception of meaningless data by applying a function of integrating the data of end nodes when designing and implementing a routing protocol. Additionally, the BS performs the function of receiving data from the sensor node and transmits it to the database server. Unlike normal sensor nodes, the BS uses constant power, thus it operates without being affected by energy consumption during data transmission and reception. The database/web server analyzes the data received from the BS and derives the desired results from the corresponding service, such as boundary and surveillance reconnaissance information, and performs the function of providing it to the administrator through the web server.