## 4 Discussion
These choices were informed by previous research [41; 54; 55; 42] indicating that multifaceted interventions can positively affect various aspects of motor control and stability. Nevertheless, we acknowledge that the effects of these interventions may differ among individuals based on their unique physiological, biomechanical, and skill profiles. The analysis presented in this study highlights that the experimental group, which underwent a comprehensive 10-week balance training program, exhibited markedly superior improvements when compared to the control group. These enhancements were substantiated by statistically significant differences in three key variables for on-snow assessment: the Ski IQ (F = 13.239; \(p\) = 0.001; \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.321), balance metric (F = 4.800; \(p\) = 0.037), and pressure metric (F = 8.084; \(p\) = 0.08). While these findings suggest that balance training can positively affect multiple facets of skiing, care must be taken not to overgeneralize. An individual's baseline skills, the length of the intervention, and specific training components may influence the degree of improvement. The Ski IQ, a variable representing a key aspect of a skier's technique, has been demonstrated to undergo substantial improvement through targeted dry-land training interventions, thereby underscoring its pivotal role in enhancing alpine skiing performance and emphasizing the importance of incorporating such training approaches for the development of young skiers. Conversely, we found a statistically significant difference in the balance variable from the pre-test to the post-test on the EG. This indicates that the implemented training intervention might have had a substantial impact on this particular aspect of the skiers' performance. This finding underscores the efficacy of the selected training strategies for enhancing balance development in alpine skiing. We also noted that edging did not reach significance, highlighting the complexity of skill acquisition in alpine skiing. This might indicate that edging requires more specific or prolonged training stimuli, or that technical adaptations develop on different timescales than core balance and pressure skills. The further examination of the dry-land assessments revealed that the balance development protocol had a pronounced positive influence on the static balance parameters and trunk stability. Specifically, significant intergroup differences were identified for OD2P_ML (F = 4.304; \(p\) = 0.047; \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.133) and OD2P_COP (F = 5.212; \(p\) = 0.030; \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.157), signifying the protocol's substantial impact on these variables. For the OI2P_AP variable, a moderate-to-large effect size was observed (F = 14.249; \(p\) = 0.001; \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.337). However, no statistically significant effects were noted for OI2P_ML or OI2P_COP, suggesting that the training protocol's impact may vary across the different dimensions of static balance. In terms of unilateral balance, the SP1 PD_ML variable demonstrated a statistically significant intergroup difference (F = 8.966; \(p\) = 0.006; \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.243), as did SP1 PD_COP (F = 4.344; \(p\) = 0.046; \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.134). Meanwhile, SP1 PD_AP did not display significant differentiation. Similarly, SP1 PS_ML exhibited significant improvement in the experimental group (F = 6.396; \(p\) = 0.017; \(\eta^{2}\) = 0.186). Explosive force, assessed through the Counter-Movement Jump (CMJ) performance, showed a statistically significant enhancement in the experimental group (F = 6.08; \(p\) = 0.02). Although this suggests that balance training might positively influence lower-limb expliciveness, we recommend further studies incorporating direct measures of muscle power and biomechanics to confirm the robustness of these effects under actual skiing conditions. Finally, our findings indicate that a systematic balance development protocol can enhance several performance indicators in alpine skiing, yet some variables (e.g., edging,certain axes of balance) did not show significant changes.