## 3 Results and Discussions
### HPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Validation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Calibration Equation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**R2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**LOD**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**LOQug/g**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Precision (RSD, \%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Repetability**} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & & & **Intra-Day** & & **Inter-Day** & **(RSD, \%)** \\ \hline Quercetin & \multirow{2}{*}{Y = 54104X \(-\) 5319} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.991} & \multirow{2}{*}{9.03} & \multirow{2}{*}{27.36} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.11} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.15} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.27} \\ ramosid & & & & & & & \\ \hline Quercetin & Y = 53615X \(-\) 1292 & 0.992 & 0.32 & 0.97 & 4.48 & 1.58 & 32.23 \\ \hline Isorhamtein & Y = 69535X \(-\) 2208 & 0.993 & 10.5 & 31.82 & 3.04 & 4.28 & 4.98 \\ \hline Luteolin & Y = 14473X \(-\) 4389 & 0.995 & 4.10 & 12.42 & 2.97 & 3.18 & 3.61 \\ \hline Apigenin & Y = 24574X \(+\) 5685 & 0.995 & 6.02 & 18.24 & 3.65 & 3.78 & 3.18 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._Figure 3: _Cont._  
For quantitative analysis, the HPLC response, taken as the peak area under curve, was plotted against standard concentrations. It is observed that in buckwheat achenes (Table 4, Figure 3), there are appreciable quantities of three C-glycosl flavones: vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucoside), orientin (luteolin 8-C-glucose) and iso-orientin (luteolin 6-C-glucose). Studies have shown that in other buckwheat species, for example, _Fagopyrum tataricum_ and _Fagopyrum cimosum_, these flavones are in much smaller quantities [20,33] In the present study, these three flavones were found in significant quantities compared to the common buckwheat species analyzed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [34] (undetectable). After three days, slight increases were observed, higher than in the study conducted by [PERSON] and colleagues [34], but smaller than in the study conducted by [PERSON] and colleagues [21] (isoorientin: 0.8 mg/g, orientin: 1.6 mg/g, isovitexin: 3.6 mg/g and vitexin: 3.9 mg/g of extracts). After seven days, in our study, there were pronounced increases. Thus, vitexin increased by 33 times, while orientin and isoorientin increased by 13 times after 7 days of sprouting. Research has shown that orientin has a vasodepressant effect, isoorientin is a vasodexant, and vitexin has antibacterial action [20]. The other two flavones present in buckwheat achenes--apigenin and luteolin--were present in similar amounts of 54 mg/g DW. After three days of sprouting, the amount of lutein increased by five times, and apigenin by two times. After seven days there was a halving of the amount of luteolin and undetectable amounts of apigenin. These two flavones have antioxidant and anticancer properties [34]. Rutin, one of the most important flavonoid glycosides--recognized for its antioxidant, anticancer [30] antibacterial [33,34,35] antifungal [36,37], neuroprotective [38], vasodprotective [39] anticonvulsant [40], peripheral and central antinociceptive [41] and antiinflammatory activities [42,43]--is a selective and non-toxic modulator of hypercholesterolemia, [44] an antihypertensive [45] and a possible stimulant of osteoblasts [46]; it was found in larger quantities in young green leaves--especially in flowers--and also in small quantities in achenes [47]. In the achenes of our buckwheat specie a lower  
Figure 3: HPLC chromatogram of phenolic compounds in buckwheat achenes (**A**), buckwheat sprouted for 3 days (**B**) and buckwheat sprouted for 7 days (**C**). 1—Hydroxyesiocolaricinesinol; 2—Epigallocatechin (EGC); 3—Epigallocatechingallat (EGCG); 4—Gallocatechingallat (GCG); 5—Coumestrol; 6—Catechin; 7—Secoisolaricinesinol; 8—Orientin; 9—Isoorientin; 10—Vitexin; 11—Rutin; 12—Isorhamtein glucuronide; 13—Quercetin arabinoside; 14—Quercetin ramnoside (Quercitin); 15—Quercetin; 16—Isorhamnetin; 17—Luteolin; 18—Apigenin. quantity was observed, compared with other common buckwheat species studied (about 135.5 ug/g dw) [20].