## 1 Introduction  
In the context of global warming, the development of clean energy is an effective way to reduce CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. And the geothermal energy stored in hot dry rocks (HDRs) [1, 2] is not only abundant in reserves but is also more stable as an energy supply. In the exploitation of HDRs, fracturing for enhanced geothermal stimulation [3, 4] is a critical process. Currently, several common fracturing technologies mainly include explosive fracturing [5, 6, 7], deflagration fracturing [8, 9, 10], hydraulic fracturing [11, 12, 13], and thermal shock [14, 15, 16]. For explosive fracturing, due to its excessive intensity and the fact that a large amount of energy is consumed in the crushed zone [17], the fracturing effect is not ideal. When supercritical CO\({}_{2}\) or H\({}_{2}\)O is used as the fracturing fluid [18], hydraulic fracturing and thermal shock occur simultaneously during the contact between the relatively low-temperature fracturing fluid and the hot rock mass. Therefore, in comparison, deflagration fracturing and hydraulic fracturing are two more common technologies applied in engineering practice. Hydraulic fracturing, although proposed as early as 1947, did not enter a stage of large-scale application until 20 years ago [12]. During these two decades, numerous scholars [19, 20]have conducted extensive research on hydraulic fracturing. Due to limitations in equipment and experimental conditions, much of this research relies on numerical simulation. The theoretical foundations of these simulations include the mechanisms of crack initiation [21] and coupled models of multi-physical processes [22, 23]. Based on these theoretical frameworks, researchers can deeply analyze the influence of factors such as rock mass properties [24] and fracturing parameters [25] on crack propagation. Furthermore, numerical simulations also encompass behaviors such as directional hydraulic fracturing [26] and fracture propagation across discontinuous surfaces [27]. Currently, most laboratory experiments are often limited to using small-sized rock samples [28, 29] for fracturing tests, while large-scale fracturing tests under high-temperature conditions are relatively rare. Deflagration fracturing [30], also known as high-energy gas fracturing, is a technique that utilizes high-pressure gas generated by explosives to fracture rock masses. Similarly to hydraulic fracturing, research on deflagration fracturing also primarily focuses on numerical calculations. In numerical calculations related to deflagration fracturing, special attention needs to be paid to the deflagration characteristics of the powder, the movement patterns of gas within fractures, and the dynamic propagation of cracks. Based on this, [PERSON] (2011) [31] established a fracture dynamic propagation model for deflagration fracturing and analyzed the changes in the wellbore pressure and crack morphology during the fracturing process. [PERSON] (2015) [32] utilized the extended finite element method to solve for the quasi-static propagation of cracks around holes in deflagration fracturing. LS-DYNA [33, 34] has also been commonly used as a tool for solving the dynamic propagation of cracks. Additionally, [PERSON] (2021) [35] analyzed the relationship between wellbore parameters such as the wellbore radius and depth, and peak pressure and production enhancement ratios with the help of numerical simulations. For experiments on deflagration fracturing, cement-poured specimens [36] are typically adopted to simulate the rock-breaking effects of deflagration fracturing. Therefore, for fracturing in HDRs, whether hydraulic fracturing or deflagration fracturing, there is currently a lack of large-scale rock experiments under high-temperature conditions to support and validate numerous numerical results. Based on a large-scale model test platform, this paper conducts hydraulic fracturing and deflagration fracturing experiments on granite.