## 1 Introduction
They reported that the crack load, stiffness and ductility of specimens with the activated Fe-SMA wire were increased compared to those of the specimen with non-activated Fe-SMA wire due to the prestress effect. [PERSON] et al. [27] conducted an experimental study to evaluate the shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams shear strengthened by Fe-SMA strips. They reported that the shear strength of RC beams strengthened by the Fe-SMA strip increased by 65-83% compared to those of non-strengthened specimens. They also reported that the RC beams with activated Fe-SMA had a smaller number of diagonal cracks, and increased shear crack load and stiffness compared to the RC beams with non-activated Fe-SMA. [PERSON] et al. [24] performed an analytical study to evaluate the bending performance of RC beams strengthened with Fe-SMA rebar by the external bonded (EB) method. They presented a finite element (FE) model of an RC member strengthened by the Fe-SMA rebars by the EB method. They validated the FE model by comparing the results predicted by the FE model with the experimental results performed by [PERSON] et al. [28]. They argued that the proposed FE model accurately predicted the bending behavior of the RC member strengthened with the Fe-SMA rebar by the EB method. [PERSON] et al. [29] performed an analytical study to predict the flexural behavior of RC members strengthened with Fe-SMA strips by the near-surface mounted (NSM) method. They proposed a two-dimensional FE model using OpenSees, and the validity of the FE model was verified by comparing the results predicted by the FE model with the experimental results performed by [PERSON] et al. [30]. They also performed parameter studies to figure out the effects of concrete compressive strength, steel rebar amount, and Fe-SMA reinforcement amount on RC member flexural behavior. [PERSON] et al. [31] conducted an experimental study to evaluate the bending behavior of concrete beams reinforced with Fe-SMA bars. They considered the amount of Fe-SMA bar and Fe-SMA activation as experimental variables. They reported that activation of the Fe-SMA bar applied an eccentric compressive force to the specimen, causing upward displacement in the specimen, and this upward displacement increased as the amount of Fe-SMA reinforcement increased. In addition, they reported that the initial cracking loads of the specimens in which the Fe-SMA bars were activated were 48-113% greater than those of the specimens in which the Fe-SMA bars were not activated. A closer examination of the open literature shows that there is limited work on prestressing by Fe-SMAs of RC beams. However, there have been only a limited number of works in the literature dealing with comparisons between the theoretical prestressing effect predicted by numerical models and the experimental results of the RC beam prestressed by the Fe-SMAs. In order to bridge this knowledge gap, the prestressing effect by Fe-SMAs of RC beams was investigated both numerically and experimentally in this study. The numerical simulations were performed through a three-dimensional FE model. The model was developed to trace the response of the RC beam during bending deformation, including nonlinear material properties such as concrete cracking and crushing, as well as the plastic deformation of the Fe-SMAs. The numerical results were compared with experimental results obtained by the bending of the RC beams prestressed by the Fe-SMAs in different prestressing scenarios.