## 1 Introduction
When the concentrate is added to a forage feed, the efficiency of using absorbed nutrients to synthesis animal tissues or products is typically enhanced. Furthermore, mixing concentrate and forage in the feed can optimize ruminant fattening and result in faster and more productive growth as well as heavier carcasses than either concentrate or forage alone. When fresh forage is added to the feed of lactating buffalo, the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids is increased while the percentage of short-chain fatty acids is decreased. Additionally, sensory characteristics are altered by forage without influencing consumers. It has been concluded that replacing green fodder in the feed is a low-cost feeding strategy for improving buffalo health [12]. Forages, including Italian ryegrass (IRG), corn, alfalfa, and wheat straw, are important for the healthy production of the rumen in ruminants. The quality of roughage has a significant impact on productivity [13]. Total mixed ratio (TMR) is commonly used for dairy cattle production in Korea. It was first introduced to Hanwoo in the 2000s. TMR is a complete feed consisting of forage, concentrate, minerals, vitamins, protein feeds, and other additives in certain portions. It is of great interest to farmers because it has promising benefits for the management and development of ruminants [14]. Farmers raising domestic-bred fattening cattle have an interest in fibroid feed materials, such as TMR, over-concentrate, because these cattle need more feed intake for rapid gains of body weights [15]. It has been evidenced that feedstuff has a key function in feed consumption, preservation of homeostasis of ruminant pH, minimizing the occurrence of metabolic disease, maximizing milk production enhance their lifetime, and decreasing labor input [16]. [PERSON] et al. [17] stated that the performance of TMR feed and milk production is improved compared to individual feeds. Feeding TMR is appropriate with the addition of high humidity agriculture by-products. Silage, feed, and straw are typical roughages used in TMR. Fermentation is a process that plays a significant role in the use of potential nutrients for improving their conservation and reducing anti-nutritional substances in a TMR/silage process. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been widely used as inoculants in most silage processes due to their higher efficiency for containing lower levels of acetic acid and butyric acid. Furthermore, LAB can control unwanted microbial growth in ensiled silages. For example, _L. plantarum_ is a lactic acid bacterium known to play an important role in the nutritional enhancement of silages through the production of lactic acid and other metabolites during the ensiling process as a preventive additive to silage and hayplace production [18; 19; 20]. Fermented TMR (FTMR) is a concentrated mixture fermented under anaerobic conditions (i.e., ensiling). It may reduce anti-nutritive substances, such as mimosin or hydrocyanic acid (HCN). [PERSON] et al. [21] studied FTIR after the addition of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation for 21 days and demonstrated that it could improve feed intake and growth efficiency in Hanwoo steers compared to the control. However, the benefits of feeding microbially fermented feed and control feed to Hanwoo steers from the early period to the late fattening period have not been reported yet. It is important to perform feeding trials to compare formulated feed combined with silage and a conventional rice straw combined with a concentrate-based system and determine the effects of the formulated feed/concentrate feeding system on Hanwoo steers. Thus, the main objective of this study was to compare growth efficiency, carcass quality, and meat quantity and quality characteristics of Hanwoo steers fed formulated feed with those fed control feed.