## 3 Results and Discussion
### Optimization of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis Process  
The experimental data were analyzed using a Box-Behnken design (BBD), which is a central element of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) [39]. RSM encompasses a set of statistical and mathematical techniques aimed at process development, enhancement, and optimization. Among the principal designs within RSM, BBD and the central composite design (CCD) are most notable. BBD, however, was selected for this study due to its efficiency, requiring fewer experimental runs and employing only three levels per factor, compared to the five levels used in CCD [40]. This efficiency made BBD particularly suitable for the objectives of this research. All experiments were performed in triplicate to ensure precision, with the means and standard deviations calculated to enhance accuracy. The experimental data were then subjected to statistical analysis using Design-Expert software (version 13.0.5.0). The findings, as presented in Table 3, provide a detailed overview of the radical scavenging activity of the hydrolysates, specifically against DPPH and ABTS radicals. This comprehensive analysis underscores the reliability of the experimental outcomes and supports the study's conclusions. The experimental design involved three levels for each factor: 1%, 2%, and 3% for bromelain concentration; 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C for temperature; and 60, 120, and 180 min for hydrolysis duration. The selection of levels for each factor was determined based on economic efficiency (low energy consumption) and ensuring enzyme stability throughout the hydrolysis period (up to 180 min). At 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, bromelain has the highest activity but is highly unstable. Ref. [41] found that bromelain loses 50% of its activity after just 20 min of heating at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Ref. [42] reported that after incubation at 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 60 min, bromelain activity decreases to 83% of the initial value. The data presented in Table 3 indicate that all LHPH samples exhibit antioxidant activity by inhibiting both DPPH and ABTS radicals, though the extent of this inhibition varies depending on the specific enzymatic hydrolysis parameters applied. The % Radical Scavenging Activity (%RSA) for DPPH ranges from 49.47% to 69.18%, while for ABTS, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Composition** & **Content (g/100 g)** \\ \hline Moisture & 7.63 \(\pm\) 0.30 \\ Protein & 29.72 \(\pm\) 0.24 \\ Fat & 10.50 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ Ash & 5.82 \(\pm\) 0.58 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values represent means \(\pm\) standard deviations (n = 3).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Physicochemical analysis of HSC. it spans from 33.81% to 67.64%. In these experimental conditions, the IC\({}_{50}\) values--the concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the radical--were determined for the standard antioxidant Trolox, with values of 13.07 \(\upmu\)g/mL for the DPPH assay and 64.70 \(\upmu\)g/mL for the ABTS assay. Table 4 provides a summary of the models developed in this study. These models were assessed based on the lack of fit and the coefficient of determination (R\({}^{2}\)). The significance of each coefficient within the models was evaluated using an F-test derived from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Additionally, numerical optimization was performed to determine the optimal conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis process, ensuring maximum efficiency and effectiveness. These optimizations and evaluations underscore the robustness and predictive accuracy of the developed models, providing a strong foundation for further research and practical application. The software product Design-Expert identified a quadratic relationship between the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the input variables, as shown in Table 5. Although the model includes some terms with statistically insignificant coefficients, the overall model remains robust.