## 1 Introduction  
With an estimated 30% increase in population by 2050 [1], the challenge of feeding the additional 2.3 billion people in the world is significant. A study by the International Renewable Energy Agency [2] concluded that an increase of 50% in demand for food and water is expected, along with a doubling in the demand for energy, by 2050. This issue has motivated recent studies on the water-food-energy nexus in an attempt to understand the relationship between these three concepts [3; 4]. Microgrids have been promoted as a potential technology for electricity provision to worldwide rural communities [5; 6], and several studies have addressed their relevance for human well-being and the future security of such communities [6; 7]. Climate change and its short- and medium-term scenarios primarily affect rural communities, where food and water security are not optimal and are often fossil fuel-dependent [6]. The scientific literature suggests that promoting microgrid systems will improve water resilience and food production in rural communities worldwide [6; 8; 9; 10]. There have been few studies on the energy-water nexus at the micro-level (e.g., rural zones) regarding the dynamic relationships between energy and water under uncertain scenarios (such as climate change, which produces water shortages [11]). These scenarios, along with population growth, strongly influence the energy-water nexus, especially for less-populated regions. Analysis of the relationship between energy and water should include all aspects of sustainability, such as technical, social, environmental, and economic factors [12]. Water scarcity requires water treatments that are more energy-intensive, such as desalination, to provide irrigation and drinking water. Thus, the conditions where it is possible to implement energy-water systems should be evaluated under different climate scenarios and population demands, in addition to considering the energy costs (or availability) and water reserves at specific settlements. [PERSON] et al. [3] proposed a distributed variable-frequency pump system with water storage that was adapted to a district cooling system with large end-use load fluctuations. The authors showed energy consumption reductions of 57% on the hottest days based on weather predictions and the optimization of the energy and water supply. This indicates that the relationship between energy and water should be incorporated into technological solutions for efficient and sustainable management of these resources and the strength of the food nexus. Agriculture is estimated to be the activity that consumes most of the water from aquifers, reaching 60% of the total water extracted in some cases [13]. This indicates the importance of managing the integration of an energy-water system for agricultural purposes. [PERSON] et al. [11] sized an autonomous photovoltaic system to provide energy to a greenhouse, demonstrating that crop yields have better outcomes relative to unmanaged systems. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. [14] studied a photovoltaic system coupled to a water pump (without considering storage) to irrigate crops based on defined requirements. Although they swiftly met these requirements, the final crop yields were not evaluated or considered to be limiting the availability of irrigation water. The incorporation of water storage allows better use of energy; hence, [PERSON] et al. [15] showed that applying storage for cotton crops provides an economically profitable system. Optimization models for water reservoir systems must consider efficiency (maximizing current and future discounted welfare), survivability (ensuring future welfare exceeds minimum subsistence levels), and sustainability (maximizing cumulative improvement over time) [16]. The management of these water reserves may have physical constraints due to equipment, minimum and maximum volumes of extraction and storage, legal obligations, and so on [17]. [PERSON] et al.