# Designing Advanced Multistatic Imaging Systems with Optimal 2D Sparse Arrays
## 6 Conclusions  
This study presents a novel method to improve 2D sparse arrays, enhancing imaging performance by integrating advanced electromagnetic simulations and powerful mathematical optimization algorithms, including GAs. The results show the potential to achieve superior reconstruction quality while using less than 2% of the elements typically required by conventional full-density 2D arrays. To give context, the present version utilizes only 113 elements in contrast to the one million element requirement for a full-dense array that adheres to [PERSON]'s theorem, which mandates minimum separation of \(\lambda_{min}\) between elements. Refer to [13] for a detailed analysis of multistatic radar configurations for human body imaging. This study compares a multistatic sparse setup to established millimeter-wave imaging systems used for security screening. It should be noted that the comparison was carried out at lower frequency ranges than the ones in our study. However, the findings are still applicable to confirm that our approach is one of the most effective solutions.  
The implications of this innovative method extend beyond the laboratory, with applications in On-The-Move (OTM) imaging systems that enable real-time 3D imaging of dynamic targets. Notably, the reduction in the number of elements, coupled with optimized simulation codes that leverage vector computations in MATLAB and harness the capabilities of GPUs and parallelization resources, drastically shortens simulation execution times, making the approach highly efficient.  
In essence, this study is a significant advancement in imaging technology, leading to the development of highly efficient and agile imaging systems with unmatched image quality. It not only contributes substantially to the field of image processing but also lays a solid foundation for prospective advancements in the domain. This breakthrough has  
Figure 7: XZ-plane reconstruction of the USAF-based target located 3 m from the antenna array. (a) CAD model. (b) XZ-plane reconstruction.  
far-reaching implications, including enhancing medical imaging, where the reduction in hardware requirements can lead to more accessible and cost-effective diagnostic tools. Furthermore, it can improve surveillance systems, allowing for the deployment of smaller, more discreet arrays without compromising performance, thus bolstering security and tracking capabilities. In the realm of aerospace and autonomous vehicles, this innovation can lead to more compact and lightweight radar systems, enhancing navigation and obstacle avoidance. Its manifold applications make it a revolutionary development across multiple industries, offering increased efficiency, lowered costs, and superior image quality.  
Conceptualization: M.A., B.G.-V., O.R., A.P., J.G. and L.P.-E.; Methodology: M.A., B.G.-V. and J.G.; Software: M.A., L.P.-E., B.G.-V. and Y.R.-V.; Validation: M.A. and B.G.-V.; Formal analysis: M.A., B.G.-V. and L.P.-E.; Investigation: M.A., B.G.-V., L.P.-E.-E., I.S.-M. and J.G.; Resources: M.A., B.G.-V., L.P.-E. and I.S.-M.; Data curation: L.P.-E. and M.A.; Writing--original draft preparation: L.P.-E.; Writing--review and editing: M.A., B.G.-V., L.P.-E., Y.R.-V., O.R., A.P., J.G. and I.S.-M.; Visualization: M.A., B.G.-V., L.P.-E., Y.R.-V., O.R., A.P., J.G. and I.S.-M.; Supervision: [PERSON] and B.G.-V.; Project administration: M.A. and B.G.-V.; Funding acquisition: M.A., B.G.-V., O.R., A.P. and J.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 for projects PID2020-113979 RB-C21 and PID2020-113979 RB-C22, as well as by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTRR for project RYC2021-033593-L. Additionally, financial support was received from the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigacion de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund--ERDF).  
Data are contained within the article.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
References