esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction
Some studies conducted LCA when introducing the MBT system in MSW and those that examined the applicability of MBT in the waste management system in Japan. However, the use of the MBT system in Japan remains low as of 2021 [21; 22]. A study by [PERSON] et al. compared the environmental and economic performance of landfill treatment, incineration, and MBT treatment of MSW in China [21]. The results showed that the MBT and biogas generation scenario had the best environmental performance. However, another study suggested that MBT generates more leachate than incineration, making it less economical [21]. [PERSON] et al. presented the results of the LCA of MBT in Ano Liosia, Greece, revealing that the environmental benefits of MBT were greater than those of landfill disposal [22]. Evaluating MBT plants in Japan is necessary, but since waste quality and the scale of treatment in facilities differ regionally, it is necessary to consider Japan's unique regional characteristics [23; 24; 25; 26]. Many LCA-related articles only present inventory data and evaluation results without showing detailed calculation methods; however, unless the detailed calculation process and estimation results are presented, they are not helpful for evaluation in different model regions. Therefore, the authors aimed to integrate the waste incineration plant in Japan and reduce social costs. The authors attempted to evaluate CO\({}_{2}\) emissions and the economic impacts of introducing an MBT system in conjunction with waste incineration plants and existing infrastructure in various model regions of Japan by providing detailed estimation methods [27; 28]. In Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture, Japan, there is an example of evaluating greenhouse gas reduction and maintenance costs when a waste incineration plant and a sewage treatment plant are linked [28]. In this paper, we evaluate and discuss the results of introducing the MBT system while considering the heat supply to industrial plants.
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Visual Inspection and NDT  
The thermography images do not show significant temperature jumps (Figure 11). Thus, the carved surface in the background does not present problems of fixation or cavities according to the initial surveys and organoleptic analysis [49]. However, the overlapping lattice is unstable at some points due to the delicacy of the geometry and the degradation presented due to the passage of time. Regarding the metal fasteners, no hidden fixings were detected; only seven visible fixings were identified, used as reinforcement fixation--iron nails--to avoid the collapse of the latticework.  
The visual analysis has allowed corroborating that the polychromies of the spandrel show alterations detected in works of similar typology, as well as in other areas of the Courtyard of the Maidens [77]. Thus, the pulverulence, repolychromies, and cracks stand out [6]. The accumulated dirt and dust, especially in the inner areas of the relief decorations, constitute a significant aesthetic deterioration that hides the relief and color of the decorative coating, also contributing to the production of the habitat necessary for the nesting of different species or microbiological development [54; 78]. The way in which the floral background is polychromed nowadays does not coincide with the traditional method; usually, polychromies follow the contours and maintain the relief of the decoration, but, in this case, the background is completely painted in one single color, highlighting the latticework [79].  
The solubility tests carried out confirm that the current polychromies present in this area are quite unstable, demonstrating a high degree of decomposition, pulverulence, and little adhesion to the surfaces. This instability is evident even when cleaning the surface dirt with a very soft bristle brush [43]. This problem is detected in all the colors studied except for the golden zones of the latticework, where the layers are cracked but relatively well adhered, probably as a result of their adhesion with oils and varnishes [6].  
Figure 11: Thermography of the case study under ambient conditions of 23.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 61% relative humidity (images taken by the author on 27 June 2020 at 11 am).
## 4 Simulation Analysis  
### Dynamic Characteristic Analysis  
According to the system usage requirements and actual working conditions, the traction speed is taken as 0.3 m/s. Considering the frequent start and stop characteristics of the helicopter traction system for offshore operations, the simulation time is set to 5 s. According to the data in Table 1, the electromagnetic torque curve of the system motor, motor speed curve, traction force curve of the helicopter, and helicopter motion speed curve are simulated, as shown in Figures 8 and 9.  
According to Figure 8, during the acceleration stage of the system (0-0.2 s), the torque output by the motor first increases and then decreases. At this time, the output torque is mainly used for the acceleration of the transmission system, which acts on the energy storage components (including inertial and capacitive components) within the system. Finally, the motor's output torque diminishes to approximately 20 N\(\cdot\)m and maintains this value for approximately 0.2 s, at which time the majority of the motor's output torque serves to counteract the damping within the system and external resistance, thus remaining constant; the output torque of the motor is reduced to about 20 N\(\cdot\)m and remains unchanged. At this time, the torque output by the motor is mainly used to overcome the damping and external resistance in the system to do work, so it remains unchanged. In the acceleration phase, the rotor speed of the electric motor swiftly ascends to its peak under the influence  
Figure 8: Motor dynamic characteristic curve during traction: (**a**) electromagnetic torque of the motor; (**b**) rotational speed of motor.  
of substantial driving torque. Upon the stagnation of the driving torque, the rotor speed subsequently aligns, which signifies that the system attains steadiness and can execute the function of transporting and pulling a helicopter regularly.  
As illustrated in Figure 9, following the initiation of the motor, both its rotational speed and the velocity of the helicopter increase promptly, with approximately 0.2 s required for stabilization, indicating that the system has initiated its normal operation. Utilizing helicopter movement velocity as a control target, it is evident from the simulated diagram that the maximum overshoot of the system is approximately 3.25%. Post the attainment of the steady-state condition, the steady-state error of the system is approximately 0.12%, virtually negligible. This outcome denotes that the system experiences minor overshoot when reaching a steady state, as well as marginal steady-state error post steady state, indicating that the system is capable of securing optimal control effectiveness in steady state, with no significant fluctuations in the speed of the helicopter's motion.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### LAES-Powered Tri-Generation System
The specific work for air liquefaction is 0.27 kWh per kilogram of liquid, and the optimal charging pressure is 180 bar, while the optimal discharge pressure is 74 bar. Before rejecting heat in the cooling tower, the oil is directed to a supplementary thermal fluid boiler (Figures 5 and 7). Heat recovered in the boiler is used for steam production. The boiler is a U-shaped tube heat exchanger, where the high-temperature oil flows through the tubes, thus heating water from the feedwater tank and converting it into saturated steam. Figure 5: Layout of the LAES plant with tri-generation capability—scenario B. The outlet cold air at \(-40\)\({}^{\circ}\)C could be distributed along the French fry production lines by splitting the overall flow to four different portions connected in a parallel way (Figure 6). Freezing is accomplished by directly using a certain portion of the circulating air. The appropriate temperatures of the cold air for the rest of the consumers are achieved by mixing it with different quantities of fresh air at ambient temperature. The flowrates are adjusted to ensure that the refrigeration demand of each unit operation is properly met. The heat recovery system is depicted in Figure 7. The cooled oil from the expansion turbine's superheater is directed to a steam boiler. Heat balance calculations were performed to determine the operating parameters of oil, steam, and condensate streams. The boiler generates saturated steam with a pressure of 8 bar. Most of the produced steam  
Figure 6: Possible arrangement of the cold air distribution among the consumers along the two identical French fry production lines. Figure 7: Steam generation and distribution among the consumers along the two studied French fry production lines. is used to heat cooking oil for the frying process, which is effected via indirect-heated fryers. The remaining steam goes through a valve, where its pressure is reduced to 1.2 bar, and is then used for blanching and washing. The blanching steam heats the water baths in a continuous belt blanching machine, ensuring the uniformity of the processing temperature. The condensate from all consumers is returned to a process water storage tank. The steam flowrate is determined to ensure that the heating demand of each unit operation is adequately met. The residual heat after the steam boiler is rejected to the environment by means of a heat exchanger, where the thermal oil temperature is reduced from 191 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 7).
# Blockchain-Assisted Adaptive Reconfiguration Method for Trusted UAV Network
## 5 Scheme Feasibility Analysis  
From the perspective of routing protocols, the BC_TZRP scheme is a method for secure routing of UAV nodes based on the blockchain's record of node trustworthiness changes. From the perspective of network reconfiguration, the scheme is a blockchain system for adaptively reconfiguring the trusted network using node state changes. This blockchain system evaluates the trustworthiness of neighboring nodes in real time by monitoring the forwarding behavior of nodes through the ZRP protocol and records the changes in the trustworthiness of network nodes with a shared ledger. However, the timeliness of UAV network tasks and the light weight of UAV nodes require the blockchain system to be feasible in terms of operational overhead, scale management and security when reconstructing the trusted network in order to achieve a reasonable allocation of network resources and ensure the completion rate of tasks. Comparing the classical consensus algorithms POW, POS and PBFT, the following content analyzes the blockchain system in terms of computation, time complexity of communication, network scalability and security in conjunction with traditional blockchain application technologies.
# Research on Replacing Numerical Simulation of Mooring System with Machine Learning Methods
## 5 Conclusions  
In order to explore a suitable surrogate model to replace the time-consuming numerical simulation, five machine learning models are assessed, and a sampling strategy is proposed for both global and local data considering various parameters and sampling accuracy. The machine learning models trained by different sampled datasets are qualified by both \(R^{2}\) and relative error under the self and operation conditions. The RF model was shown to possess the highest prediction accuracy compared to the other four models. The model's performance could be greatly improved by the addition of local data, with the prediction asymptotically approaching the actual value as the local data density becomes higher. On top of the satisfactory accuracy, the RF model features short training time and is therefore considered to be a suitable alternative to the numerical simulation.  
The emphasis of the present research is placed heavily on the effect of the local data range on model accuracy. Although the feasibility of replacing the numerical models with the RF model is proven, the amount of sampled data needs to be increased in future assessments with the guidance of the proposed sampling strategy to generate more realistic models for testing and application purposes.  
Study design, data analysis, and literature survey--Q.S., study design--J.Y., literature survey--D.P., figures--Z.L. and X.C., study design and guide--Y.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China: US1906233, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities: DUT20 ZD213, DUT20 LAB308.  
The data presented in this study are available upon request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy.  
Figure 13: Box plot of the relative error of the RF model trained by dataset 1–4 under the operation condition.  
Conflicts of Interest: Authors [PERSON] and [PERSON] were employed by the company Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd. Authors [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] were employed by DUT. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Antimicrobial Activities of T. speciosa Essential Oils  
Essential oils belonging to all parts of this plant exerted antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms (Table 3). _T. speciosa_ EOs inhibited the growth of tested microorganisms, with MICs ranging from 5.9 \(\pm\) 2.8 to 62.0 \(\pm\) 50.0 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) and EO concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 125 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\). Interestingly, the flower and leaf EOs were more effective against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than the root oil, which is dominated by isoalantolactone. The tested EOs, on the other hand, were less effective than thymol, an antibacterial chemical and one of the most biologically active components of EOs, employed as a positive control. The antibacterial activity of EOs from leaves was the highest for _S. aureus_, followed by EOs from flowers and roots. Antimicrobial properties of EOs from _T. speciosa_ were evaluated in recent research on six different bacterial strains, including _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Bacillus cereus_, _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, _Escherichia coli_, and _Candida albicans_. According to the findings, the MICs of the EOs obtained from _T. speciosa_ roots ranged from 1.0 to 11.0 \(\mathrm{mg/mL}\), whereas the MICs of the EO obtained from the aerial parts varied from 4.0 to 30.0 \(\mathrm{mg/mL}\)[11]. In a similar study, [PERSON] et al. evaluated the antimicrobial properties of isoalantolactone extracted from _T. speciosa_ against methylcillin-resistant _Staphylococcus aureus_ (MRSA) [16].  
Overall, the current study on _T. speciosa_ reveals differences in the composition and biological properties of the EOs, as compared to previous experiments [5; 10; 11; 16]. The current study allowed identifying the qualitative and quantitative composition of _T. speciosa_ EOs more deeply. The composition of the EOs was examined for three separate plant materials: flowers, leaves, and roots. This is further evidence of how the origin of the seed (genetic factor) and the place of plant growing (environmental factor) determine the composition, which in turn determines the specific biological properties of natural products. The current publication links the carefully researched composition (over 150 identified ingredients) with biological properties, both cytotoxicity and antimicrobial.
# Asymptotic Performance Analysis of the MUSIC Algorithm for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation
## 3 MUSIC Algorithm
\right].\]  
The difference of the sample covariance matrix, \(\mathbf{\hat{R}}^{\prime}\), and the true covariance matrix, \(\mathbf{R}\), denoted by \(\delta\mathbf{R}\), is given by  
\[\delta\mathbf{R}=\mathbf{\hat{R}}^{\prime}-\mathbf{R}. \tag{10}\]From (8) and (9), the entries of \(\delta\mathbf{R}\) in (10) are explicitly written as  
\[\left(\delta\mathbf{R}\right)_{kl} = \frac{1}{L}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{L}\left(x_{k}\left(t_{i}\right)x_{l}^{ \ast}\left(t_{i}\right)+x_{k}\left(t_{i}\right)n_{l}^{\ast}\left(t_{i}\right)+n _{k}\left(t_{i}\right)x_{l}^{\ast}\left(t_{i}\right)+n_{k}\left(t_{i}\right)n _{l}^{\ast}\left(t_{i}\right)\right)\right) \tag{11}\] \[-\sum_{p=1}^{d}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{d}\exp\left(j\left(\psi_{k}\left( \theta_{i}^{\left(0\right)}\right)-\psi_{l}\left(\theta_{p}^{\left(0\right)} \right)\right)\right)E\left(s_{i}s_{p}^{\ast}\right)-\sigma^{2}\beta_{kl}\right)\] \[\equiv \left(\delta\mathbf{R}\right)_{kl}^{R}+\left(\delta\mathbf{R} \right)_{kl}^{C}\]  
where \(\left(\delta\mathbf{R}\right)_{kl}^{R}\) and \(\left(\delta\mathbf{R}\right)_{kl}^{C}\) are explicitly written as  
\[\left(\delta\mathbf{R}\right)_{kl}^{R} \equiv \frac{1}{L}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{L}\left(x_{k}\left(t_{i}\right)n_{l} ^{\ast}\left(t_{i}\right)+n_{k}\left(t_{i}\right)x_{l}^{\ast}\left(t_{i}\right) +n_{k}\left(t_{i}\right)n_{l}^{\ast}\left(t_{i}\right)\right)\right) \tag{12}\] \[\left(\delta\mathbf{R}\right)_{kl}^{C} \equiv \frac{1}{L}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{L}x_{k}\left(t_{i}\right)x_{l}^{\ast }\left(t_{i}\right)\right)-\sum_{p=1}^{d}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{d}\exp\left(j\left( \psi_{k}\left(\cdot_{i}^{\left(0\right)}\right)-\psi_{l}\left(\cdot_{p}^{ \left(0\right)}\right)\right)\right)E\left(s_{i}\left(t_{i}\right)s_{p}^{\ast} \left(t_{i}\right)\right)\] (13) \[-\sigma^{2}\delta_{kl}\right).\]  
\(\delta_{kl}\) in (13) is defined as  
\[\delta_{kl}=\left\{ \begin{array}{ll}1&\qquad\quad k=l\\ 0&\qquad\quad k\
eq l\end{array} \right.. \tag{14}\]
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Dynamic Changes during Processing Analyzed via GC-MS
#### 3.3.3. rOAV Analysis of SFABT during the Manufacturing Process  
The aroma profiles of tea are contingent upon the comprehensive performance of a certain proportion of aroma components, and the contribution of the detected odorants to the overall aroma is mainly dependent on their concentration level and documented odor threshold. Typically, volatile compounds possessing an rOAV \(\geq\) 1 are deemed to contribute significantly to the characteristic aroma. In this study, the threshold values, odor descriptions, and calculated rOAVs of volatile components during SFABT processes are listed in Table 1. A total of 22 volatiles displayed rOAVs exceeding 1 in SFABT during the manufacturing process (Table S4). Of these, dimethyl sulfide (rOAV = 5.20-44.19), 1-octen-3-ol (rOAV = 1.28-12.51), \(\beta\)-myrcene (rOAV = 1.87-8.73), \(\beta\)-ocimene (rOAV = 455.01-2020.19), 3,5-ocatedien-2-one (rOAV = 3.63-42.60), linalod (rOAV = 145.13-958.49), methyl salicate (rOAV = 1.34-5.52), \(\beta\)-cyclodextrin (rOAV = 9.58-41.91), \(\beta\)-cital (rOAV = 3.53-11.46), and \(\beta\)-ionone (rOAV = 379.56-1759.80) showed rOAVs greater than 1 in each processing stage. Here, 3-methylbutanal (rOAV = 4.93-9.30) and 2-methylbutanal (rOAV = 2.06-5.93) exhibited OAVs greater than 1 in all the processes, except for in fresh leaves. Further, 2-heptanone (rOAV = 1.01-2.09) and \(o\)-cymene (rOAV = 1.29-1.43) displayed rOAVs exceeding 1 exclusively in fresh leaves and the withering stage, while decanal (rOAV  
Figure 5: The results of multivariate statistical analysis obtained from GC-MS. (**A**) Scores of OPLS-DA (R\({}^{2}\)Y = 0.695 and Q\({}^{2}\) = 0.655). (**B**) Cross-validation through a 200-fold permutation examination, yielding an R\({}^{2}\) score of 0.38 and Q\({}^{2}\) at \(-\)0.764. (**C**) Heat map analysis.  
= 2.66\(\sim\)1.22) and 2-ethylfuran (rOAV = 2.65\(\sim\)1.12) exhibited rOAVs surpassing 1 from fresh leaves to the shaking stage. (_E_)-2-Hexenal and 1-hexanol demonstrated rOAVs exceeding 1 solely in fermentation (rOAV = 1.15) and fresh leaves (rOAV = 1.22), respectively. A total of 14 volatile compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, methyl salicylate, \(\beta\)-cyclocitral, 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanal, \(\beta\)-citral, citral, 1-octen-3-ol, \(\beta\)-myrrene, \(\beta\)-ocimene, 3,5-ocatdeni-2-one, \(\beta\)-ionone, and linalool, were screened as the key constituents contributing to the quality of the finished SFABT. In addition, it was observed that the levels of certain volatile compounds may fall below the threshold value (rOAV < 1), but their potential influence on the aroma profile of SFABT should not be overlooked due to their potential additional effects, such as synergistic or masking effects.
Although GenAI-based models were not originally designed for translation, they have demonstrated capabilities that rival or even surpass those of dedicated translation systems [6]. Integrating GenAI into this process could reduce the manual workload while enhancing translation speed and accuracy, ensuring that critical cybersecurity information reaches users in a timely manner. Consequently, applying GenAI to vulnerability translation is not merely an operational necessity but a strategic approach to strengthening the effectiveness of early warning systems and mitigating security risks in an increasingly digitalized environment. This shift not only addresses an operational bottleneck but also opens new avenues for research in applied natural language processing, real-time multilingual cybersecurity intelligence, and human-AI collaboration in high-stakes environments. This study examines the incorporation of GenAI and machine translation systems into the Spanish translation process of early vulnerability alerts. Given that the performance of generative AI tools varies depending on the specific use case [7], the primary objective is to determine which system produces the highest quality translations that align with the technical style of existing INCIBE translations. Additionally, the selected model must be both cost-effective and high-performing. To achieve this, an experimental study was conducted using an original dataset provided by INCIBE [8], which is included as a publicly available resource in this article, along with the translations generated by each system. The quality of these translations was assessed using multiple machine translation evaluation metrics that measure different linguistic aspects, including lexical similarity,word order, and edit distance. These results were further analyzed through statistical inference, leading to the development of a style adherence ranking to identify the most suitable model for the early vulnerability alert translation process. Furthermore, word embeddings were employed to assess the semantic quality of both reference translations and machine-generated outputs. By representing words in a multidimensional vector space, this approach enables a more nuanced comparison of semantic similarity, moving beyond traditional lexical matching techniques. Consequently, word embeddings provide a more robust, context-aware method for evaluating translation quality. The remainder of this article is structured as follows: Section 2 presents the background, Section 3 details the experimental methodology, Section 4 discusses the results, and finally, Section 5 provides the conclusions and references.
# Packet Injection Exploiting Attack and Mitigation in Software-Defined Networks
## 4 Countermeasures
### Flow Rule Management  
The flow rule management module receives notice from the injection detection module and the simplified DoS detection module. It extracts the compromised host and installs flow rules to the switch connected to block and removes malicious traffic. As described in OpenFlow specification 1.3, any packet that matches the flow rule will be dropped [35] if no action is specified in a flow entry. Thus, the flow rule management module can construct a _Flow-Mod_ message with no output action and can send it to the specified switch to remove the flows.