## 2 Experimental Section
### Measurements  
The quasi-static stab resistances of samples are measured at 508 mm/min using a computer servo control material testing machine (HT-2402, HungTa Intrument Co., Ltd., Taichung City, Taiwan) as as specified in ASTM F1342-05 [17]. The testing heads have two types, including spike head and knife head, as shown in Figure 3a,b. The testing environmental temperature is 23 \({}^{\circ}\)C and the relative humidity is 53%. Samples have a size of 100 mm \(\times\) 100 mm. Six samples for each specification are used for the test. The burst property of samples is tested at 100 mm/min using a computer servo control material testing machine (HT-2402, HungTa Intrument Co., Ltd., Taichung City, Taiwan) as specified in ASTM D3787 [18]. The specification of burst head is displayed in Figure 3c. The sample has a size of 150 mm \(\times\) 150 mm. Five samples for each specification are used for this test. An example of installation diagram of spike head is displayed in Figure 3d, the same as that of knife head and burst head.  
The yarn pull-out test of samples is tested at 100 mm/min using a computer servo control material testing machine (HT-2402, HungTa Instrument Co., Ltd., Taichung City, Taiwan). The samples have a size of 100 mm \(\times\) 100 mm. The 40 mm-length free ends of yarns are reserved for the clamp between  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample Code** & **Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **Time (min)** & **Thickness (mm)** & **AD (g/m\({}^{2}\))** \\ \hline
1 & 100 & 5 & 3.57 & 1050 \\
2 & 120 & 5 & 3.56 & 1050 \\
3 & 140 & 5 & 3.55 & 1050 \\
4 & 160 & 5 & 3.55 & 1050 \\
5 & 120 & 1 & 3.57 & 1050 \\
6 & 120 & 5 & 3.56 & 1050 \\
7 & 120 & 10 & 3.55 & 1050 \\
8 & 120 & 15 & 3.54 & 1050 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: The processing parameters and specifications of all samples.  
Figure 2: Structural diagram of sandwich composites which are composed of LPET nonwovens (upper and lower layer) and basalt plain fabric (BF fabric; interface layer) after needle punching and hot backing process.  
upper fixtures. Three samples for each specification are repeatedly measured. The sample fixtures of yarn pull-out test are shown in Figure 4.  
Figure 4: Yarm pull-out clamp of samples. (**a**) Model diagram of the clamp; (**b**,**c**) assembly and part pictures of practical clamp.  
Figure 3: (**a**–**c**) shows the quasi-static testing head for spike stab, knife stab, and burst, and (**d**) shows the examples of installation drawing of spike head.  
Thermal insulation of samples is measured by a DXR-I-SPB thermal conductivity tester (Xiangtan Huafeng Equipment Manufacture Co. Ltd., Xiangtan, China) as specified in ASTM C177 [19]. The hot plate temperature is set as 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C based on ASTM C1058. Samples have size of 200 mm \(\times\) 200 mm. Three samples for each specification are tested for the mean value of thermal conductivity. The testing apparatus is displayed in Figure 5, and thermal conductivity is calculated as follows:  
\[q=m(t_{2}-t_{1})CL=\lambda A(T_{2}-T_{1}) \tag{1}\]  
\[\lambda=\frac{m(t_{2}-t_{1})CL}{A(T_{2}-T_{1})} \tag{2}\]  
where \(q\) is heat flow, \(A\) is area, \(L\) is thickness, \(T_{1}\) is cold-plate temperature, \(T_{2}\) is hot-plate temperature, m is average flow of cold water in center calorimeter, \(C\) is water specific heat capacity (4.2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{3}\) J/kg), and \(t_{1}\) and \(t_{2}\) are respectively inlet temperature and outlet temperature of cold water.