# Linked Data Aware Agent Development Framework for Mobile Devices
## 5 Related Work  
In the literature, there are widely-known open source mobile-device agent frameworks which are JADE-LEAP, AFME, and 3 APL-M.  
JADE-LEAP (Java Agent Development Environment-Lightweight Extensible Agent Framework) [11] allows developing agent systems on mobile devices. In fact, LEAP is an add-on for the JADE framework. FIPA-compliant agent communication and execution infrastructure provided is its prominent feature. The main container in the JADE-LEAP framework includes both the DF and the AMS. On the other hand, in LDAF-M the index server agent platform, which is the equivalent component, includes only the DF. Instead, each mobile device platform includes its own AMS to prevent a possible overloading in the index server agent platform. In addition, the BDI model of agency is not supported in JADE-LEAP; it provides its own task execution infrastructure based on the different behavior types defined  
AFME (Agent Factory Micro Edition) [13] is an agent framework which provides software developers the ability to develop agent-based applications in mobile platforms. AFME is built on top of the Agent Factory framework developed by the same research group. AFME supports the BDI model of agency and represents beliefs as logical sentences in its belief base. 3 APL-M [12], is another mobile device agent development framework that supports the BDI model of agency. It is built upon the Artificial Autonomous Agents Programming Language (3 APL) language from which it takes the deliberation mechanism. The beliefs of agents in 3 APL-M are represented using Prolog language. However, data that represent the beliefs of the agents running within LDAF-M platform can be obtained from the data sources in the linked data environment. This gathered data is internalized using the graph data structure defined in LDAF-M for this purpose. This support for linked data is the main difference of LDAF-M.  
On the other hand, after the introduction of Android operating system, several studies have been conducted to develop agents for Android based mobile devices. While some of these studies aimed to extend previous agent development frameworks for supporting Android based devices, the other studies aimed to develop agent platforms for Android based devices from scratch. A new JADE configuration that addresses Android running mobile devices [15] is an example for the first category. Additionally, a new JADEX version that supports implementing agents on Android based mobile devices has been released [16]. Andromeda (ANDROid eMbeddED Agent) platform [35] is an example for the second category. The aim of the Andromeda project is to provide a development platform to support users in developing embedded agents for mobile devices using the Android operating system. It provides the basic building blocks such as Agent, Behavior, Task, and Capability. These components are integrated with the Android system's building blocks. On the other hand, Andromeda supports neither FIPA standards nor BDI model of agency. JaCa-Android [36] is another platform for developing mobile applications. As its developers also emphasize, JaCa-Android is not a new agent development platform and does not aim to port existing agent technologies into mobile devices. It rather presents a programming model for developing Android based smart mobile applications using the Jason agent development framework [9] and the CArtAgO environment programming framework [37]. When this study was initiated, we decided to begin the development of LDAF-M using Java technology for mobile devices (e.g., Java Platform, Micro Edition-Java ME) [38]. Java ME is supported by many different kinds of mobile devices and mobile device operating systems by means of the different Java ME profiles. On the other hand, undoubtedly the Android operating system has found widespread use in recent years.