## 9 Conclusions and Future Work  
This study has investigated the interference potential of MVDS side lobe radiation on GEO satellites operating in the Ku-band. The results indicate that reducing the MVDS transmission power to \(-20\) dBW and simultaneously increasing the LNA gain at the MVDS receiver to 65 dB can effectively maintain the MVDS service quality while minimizing interference to the GEO satellite. Furthermore, adopting a new antenna design with a first side lobe gain of 13.9 dBi, compared to the 30 dBi of the currently used antenna, demonstrates a significant reduction in off-axis radiation, leading to a substantial improvement in the interference environment for the GEO satellite. For future work, several avenues of research could be explored further. Investigating the impact of different modulation schemes and bandwidths used by MVDS systems on the interference levels would provide a more comprehensive understanding. Analyzing the potential for worst-case interference and the likelihood of it disrupting the intended satellite signal necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of aggregated interference from multiple MVDS transmissions, both within Lebanon and potentially from neighboring regions. To accurately estimate the real interference impact of MVDS operations, a probabilistic approach should be adopted. This analysis would involve the following. * Modeling the radiation patterns of typical MVDS transmitting antennas: This includes considering the main beam and side lobe characteristics to understand the spatial distribution of the radiated power;
* Determining the geographical distribution and density of MVDS transmitters: Understanding the locations and number of active MVDS systems is crucial for assessing the cumulative interference; \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**PMVDS (dBW)** & \(\left[\begin{smallmatrix}\mathrm{C}\\ \mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{0}}\end{smallmatrix}\right]_{\text{total}}\) & \(\left[\begin{smallmatrix}\mathrm{C}\\ \mathrm{N}\end{smallmatrix}\right]\) & \(\left[\begin{smallmatrix}\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{h}}\\ \mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{0}}\end{smallmatrix}\right]\) & **Signal Quality** \\ \hline \(-10\) & \(70.1\) & \(5.3\) & \(3.717\) & Negligible \\  & & & & Interference \\ \(-5\) & \(69.7\) & \(4.95\) & \(3.3\) & Very Good \\ \(0\) & \(68.7\) & \(3.9\) & \(2.28\) & Good \\ \(5\) & \(67.5\) & \(2.7\) & \(1.07\) & Fair \\ \(10\) & \(62.5\) & \(-2.3\) & \(-3.9\) & Critical \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Expected interference at ES4 employing the new antenna design. * Considering the operating frequencies and transmission power of each MVDS transmitter: These parameters directly influence the strength of the interference signal received at the satellite;
* Analyzing the effects of varying weather conditions, particularly rain attenuation, on both the desired MVDS signal and the interference path to the satellite would add another layer of realism to the study. Also, several promising directions exist for future research in this area. * Advanced interference mitigation: Exploring advanced interference mitigation techniques, such as those employing AI-based dynamic spectrum management, could significantly enhance the efficiency and robustness of MVDS systems. AI algorithms can learn and adapt to changing interference conditions, enabling real-time optimization of spectrum use and minimizing disruption to other services. * On-board regenerative satellite processing: Further evaluation of on-board regenerative satellite processing is warranted. This technology, which involves demodulating, processing, and remodulating signals on the satellite, can improve signal quality, reduce interference, and enable more flexible and efficient use of satellite resources. Conceptualization, H.I. ; Methodology, H.I. and A.K. ; Formal analysis, A.K. and M.A.-H.; Investigation, A.K. and H.A. ; Data curation, A.K. ; Writing--original draft, A.K. ; Writing--review & editing, H.I. ; Supervision, H.A. and H.I. ; Project administration, H.I.