# Mycoremediation as a Potentially Promising Technology: Current Status and Prospects--A Review
## 9 Emerging Mycoremediation Applications
### Mycoremediation of Pesticides  
In agricultural practices, farmers use pesticides to increase crop quality and yield and combat pathogens, weeds, and insects. There is no doubt that the use of pesticides has increased production, but it has also increased environmental pollution.  
Multiple studies demonstrate that pesticides harm human health and the planet's flora and fauna. Numerous researchers have reported diverse neurotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects of pesticides, as well as disruptions to the nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems and inhibition of various enzymatic activities [273].  
Research is ongoing to remove pesticides from the environment utilizing various strategies, including biological and chemical methods. Considering the magnitude of this problem, physicochemical methods are now obsolete. There is evidence that microbes can degrade pesticides, and fungi have many advantages. Due to their mycelial structure, they can absorb more pesticide; It possesses an extensive range of extracellular enzymes, is abundant in nature, is not very mutagenic, and their spores can withstand adverse conditions [274]. Due to all the benefits listed above, fungi are ideal for bioremediation. White-rot fungi degrade mono-aromatic xenobiotics, such as numerous pesticides, without depolymerizing them. However, it needs to be made clear how ligninolytic activity is involved. The extraction of many fungi from the soil is necessary for remediation of the excessive amounts of pesticides; these fungi need to be isolated, tested and completely characterized.  
Numerous studies have shown that two Fusarium species (_F. solani_ and _F. poae_) break down lindane by employing it as a carbon source. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system mediates this process. _P. chrysoparium_ was found to have the potential to degrade lindane, the most extensively studied pesticide for fungal bioremediation. Production of ligninolytic peroxidase is not required for the activity of this enzyme. These strains rely on lindane as a carbon source. They could utilise all tested concentrations of lindane (0.600 g/mL), but the most significant increase was observed at 100 g/mL.  
It was also observed that after an incubation period of 10 days, _F. solani_ and _F. poae_, degraded the 100 mg/mL pesticide by up to 59.4% and 56.7%, respectively. Additionally, lindane was a suitable carbon source for _Fusarium verticillioides_. Within five days of incubation, the fungus _Ganoderma australe_ could biodegrade 3.11 mg of lindane per gram of fungal biomass. Some reports claim that _Penicillium oxalium_ uses themamidophos as a source of nitrogen. Nearly all of the initially supplied methamidophos were destroyed by _Penicillium oxalium_ within 12 days of incubation [275]. _Trametes hirsuta_, a white rot fungus, was studied to determine its capacity for endosulfan biodegradation. It was discovered that this strain could utilize and degrade endosulfan sulfate produced during endosulfan biodegradation. When fungi use this pesticide as a source of sulfur, they degrade endosulfan into almost 16 different species.