## 1 Introduction  
In 1991, [PERSON] and coworkers first proposed the idea of DSSCs [1]. Due to their ease of production, compatibility with architecture and the environment, and strong performance in diffuse light environments, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received a great deal of attention [2, 3]. According to [PERSON] et al. [4], the functional mechanism of DSSCs is remarkably similar to photosynthesis in plants. The process of conversion is more complicated, involving the absorption of photons from radiation and their subsequent conversion to electrical energy. DSSCs have straightforward structural designs and are typically composed of typically inexpensive materials. The components of a typical DSSC (Figure 1) are a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) glass substrate or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), a wide band-gap semiconductor, a dye sensitizer attached to the surface of a semiconductor, and an electrolyte (DMPT traditional electrolyte) acting as a redox mediator and containing an iodine/triiodite (I/I\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\)) redox couple [5]. However, in this study, we are more focused on constructing the working electrode. The DSSC anode side (semiconductor layer) is a material that has porous absorption [6], making it sensitive to the absorbed dye spectrum and granting it luminescence emission properties at wide wavelengths [7]. The n-type semiconductor materials commonly used for DSSC layers are ZnO, SnO\({}_{2}\), In\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), Nb\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)and TiO\({}_{2}\)[8; 9]. One of the most popular and frequently used semiconductor materials is TiO\({}_{2}\)[10; 11; 12; 13]. TiO\({}_{2}\) is a semiconductor material with high porosity and a wide band gap at 3.2 eV [11; 14; 15]. The wide band gap value of TiO\({}_{2}\)[16] lead to the active area limitation of the photocatalysis process, which only occurs in the UV light range. In recent years, to widen the wavelength of the TiO\({}_{2}\) band gap, scientists have chosen a sensitizer that has a visible light wavelength area of 400-600 nm [6], allowing it to be used as a photon absorber [17]. A previous study reported that organic dye-based sensitizers using triphenylamine (TPA), which is commonly called dye D35 (Figure 2a), with a cobalt electrolyte produced high efficiency that was equal to 6.5% [18; 19; 20]. [PERSON] et al. [21] modified the conjugated linker by using different substitution dithiopene units to extend the absorption area of the D35 dye; it was determined that a high absorption area can increase photon absorption and the value of efficiency [22]. Combination with suitable bifunctional linker fragments has led generate to the synthesis of new dyes, namely, LEG1 (bithiophene), LEG2 (5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrotiono [3,4-b] [1,4] dioxine), LEG3 (3-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophene), and LEG4 [DN-F05] (Figure 2b) (4,4-dihexyl-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b: 3,4-b'] dithiophene as the \(\pi\)-conjugated linker) [21; 22]. The highest efficiency value was obtained with DN-F05, which was used as a sensitizer in this study. Figure 1: Schematic illustration of a typical dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Figure 2: (**a**) Molecular structure of Dyenamo orange (D35) and (**b**) Dyenamo red liquid (DN-F05), and molecular structure of DN-F05 dye. In recent years, there have been many methods for improving the short-circuit current in cells [16] (performance of TiO\({}_{2}\)) besides the use of a sensitizer, such as via metal doping [9; 23; 24; 25]. The doping on the working electrode of semiconductors with certain elements will optimize their electrical and optical properties. Silver (Ag) is an exquisite metal that can be catalytic, nontoxic, and cost-effective and that possesses good thermal and electrical conductivity. In addition, doping Ag is one of the methods for enhancing its chemical and electrical properties and is often used to enhance DSSC performance [26; 27; 28; 29]. In this investigation, a TiO\({}_{2}\)-film-making experiment was conducted in which TiO\({}_{2}\) that was immersed into dye DN-F05 mixed with Ag.