[27] found that changes in spring and winter precipitation have a greater impact on vegetation growth in the Qinling Mountains, while autumn and winter temperatures have a greater impact on vegetation growth in the northern Qinling Mountains. [PERSON] et al. [28] found that during the 2001-2015 period in the Yangtze River Delta, the temperature was the main climatic factor affecting vegetation growth at both annual and monthly scales, and precipitation had a 1-2 months' time-lag effect on vegetation cover change. [PERSON] et al. [29] analyzed the response of vegetation to climate change in the Hexi Corridor region from 2000 to 2010 and reported a high correlation between precipitation and vegetation changes in the Qilian Mountains. However, in the oasis region, NDVI was negatively correlated with precipitation. Land surface configuration decisively distributes water and heat flow among soil, air, and plants, which determines ground vegetation growth and coverage [30; 31]. [PERSON] et al. [32] found that vegetation degradation areas in Gannan, Jiangxi Province, China were mainly located in low-elevation and low-slope regions, and vegetation degradation on shaded slopes was more severe. [PERSON] et al. [33] found that the vegetation cover in the Daqing Mountains area of Inner Mongolia, China, increased with elevation and slope, and vegetation cover on shady slopes was greater than that on flatlands and sunny slopes. As a leading province in the implementation of the GGP, Shaanxi has revegetated a 26,931 km\({}^{2}\) area between 1999 and 2018, including 12,450 km\({}^{2}\) of farmland returned to forest and grassland, 12,885 km\({}^{2}\) of barren hill afforestation, and 1597 km\({}^{2}\) of forest conservancy areas [34]. Significant improvement in vegetation cover has been reported by researchers in recent years, especially in the northern part of Shaanxi Province [7; 35]. Vegetation projects are considered the dominant factors contributing to FVC improvement. However, at the local scale, stunted tree growth has been reported after several years of planting due to soil drying caused by the higher evaporation from the planted-tree areas than from areas dominated by shrubs and grass [36]. In some areas, for example in the Loess Plateau, the rate of increase of FVC has slowed down, and vegetation degradation has occurred [37]. This indicates that the climate and topographical factors must be considered during the revegetation process. Shaanxi Province encompasses variable topographical and climate conditions, including Qinling Mountain, Guanzhong Plain, and the Loess Plateau, and northern subtropical, warm temperate, and medium-temperate zones from south to north. Additionally, a warm and humid trend has been detected in the Loess Plateau area in recent years [38; 39], which has increased the uncertainty of the effect of climate on vegetation coverage variation. Over the past few decades, vegetation ecology and biodiversity have declined due to human activities. The development of remote-sensing technology has provided researchers with new vegetation-monitoring methods. However, many studies that reveal the impact of climate variation on vegetation have paid less attention to terrain factors. In the study of the hysteresis of vegetation response to climate variation, the correlation between average FVC and climate variation in a specific geographical area is usually determined, but this has relatively low accuracy. Determining the correlation by pixel can greatly improve the accuracy and consistency of research results. Therefore, the aims of the current study were (1) to detect the spatial and temporal variation of vegetation coverage in Shaanxi Province based on the long time-series vegetation index of FVC, (2) to analyze the response of FVC variation to climate change and topography, and (3) to quantify the contribution of climate and topographical factors on FVC variation. The results of this research are expected to provide a theoretical basis for accurate revegetation measures.