## 3 Analysis Process
### Data Analysis
#### 3.1.2 Search 2: Carbon Footprint and Supply Chain Management
These findings suggest that carbon footprint and supply chain management are critical research areas, not only for environmental sustainability but also for fostering inter-sectoral collaboration and achieving operational efficiency goals. Table 2 provides a comprehensive summary of research on low-carbon supply chains and Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM). A significant increase in the number of articles has been observed over the last 10 years, with low-carbon practices reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 51% to 72%. Additionally, sustainability practices are important for increasing energy efficiency and reducing carbon risks. Research has particularly grown since 2016, and bibliometric analyses and mathematical techniques such as artificial intelligence are now widely used in this field. The main challenges include data access and inconsistencies; however, opportunities in renewable energy and green logistics are prominent. The findings provide a strong foundation for sustainable supply chains and low-carbon business models. Figure 2 summarizes the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Title** & **Description** & **Sources** \\ \hline Number of & A significant number of articles have been published on low-carbon supply chains & \\ Published Articles & and Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM). Between 2003–2021, 1811 articles & [43, 44] \\ Key Findings & & were identified, with 375 articles on GSCM from 2011–2021. & [45] \\  & Reduction in Emissions: Low-carbon practices significantly reduce greenhouse gas & \\ Key Findings & emissions. A three-wheeled logistics service reduced emissions by 51% to 72\% & [45] \\  & compared to diesel-powered vehicles. & \\  & Sustainability Practices: Carbon management offers the opportunity to avoid & \\  & carbon-related risks and increase energy efficiency through carbon footprint & [46] \\  & identification and measurement. & \\ Evolution & Research on low-carbon supply chains has grown significantly since 2016. The focus & \\ of Research & of the research has been on integrating sustainability into the supply chain and & [43, 47] \\ Common & & exploring new technologies. & \\ Methodologies & Bibliometric and Content Analysis: Used to study and classify research trends. & [43, 44] \\  & Mathematical Techniques: Structural equation modeling and artificial intelligence & [44, 48] \\  & methods (ANN, SVM) are used to estimate emissions. & \\  & Case Studies: Used to analyze companies’ carbon management practices. & [46] \\ Major Challenges & Challenges: Limited access to and inconsistencies in carbon footprint data across & \\ and Opportunities & different sectors and regions. Additionally, the integration of carbon performance & [49, 50] \\  & indicators remains a significant challenge. & \\  & Opportunities: Developments in renewable energy and green logistics present & \\  & important opportunities to reduce the carbon footprint and increase sustainability in & [51, 52] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of Search 2.  
distribution of academic studies on carbon footprint and supply chain management and research trends under key headings. Figure 2 illustrates how environmental sustainability and logistics processes are managed in an integrated manner in the modern business world. Under the heading \"Challenges and Opportunities\", green supply chain management and sustainable development are discussed, emphasizing the optimization of eco-friendly supply processes and the cost advantages they provide. In the \"Common Methodologies\" section, methods such as bibliometric analysis and co-citation analysis are used to analyze the areas where research is concentrated and the scientific connections between them. The \"Evolution of Research\" heading shows how studies on carbon footprint management and sustainability have evolved over time and how their focus areas have shifted. Climate change emerges as a key factor that increases the importance of efforts to reduce carbon emissions in supply chains.