# Real-Time Evaluation of the Improved Eagle Strategy Model in the Internet of Things
## 2 Related Works  
Recent studies in IoT service compositions have primarily focused on enhancing execution time, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. However, aspects like service availability and reliability are also gaining attention. For instance, the use of Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) demonstrates advancements in optimizing service compositions in IoT environments. These studies provide a backdrop against which the IES model's contributions can be appreciated. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) has gained more popularity due to the up-and-coming technologies provided to users. Figure 1 shows the roadmap of SOA, which consists of three (3) significant functionalities. Firstly, the infrastructure of the WS is at the bottom of the pyramid. Secondly, service composition and service management are positioned at the top of the pyramid [9]. The IoT will be implemented at the WSC's second layer of SOA. The goal of architectures based on SOA is to enable the ability to utilize and reuse loosely coupled IoT services at the middleware layer to reduce the number of problems associated with system integration. A system architecture compliant with the SOA architectural pattern gives programmers and business process designers the ability to dynamically add, query, and use instances of existing modular software in the IoT context. One of the most important fields of SOA research is the technology of WS. WS is primarily used in a distributed and heterogeneous environment to exchange and reuse software components. The web service SOA framework is shown in Figure 2. The structure contains three main functions, namely (1) Service Broker, (2) Service Requester, and (3) Service Provider [10]. The fundamental SOA is not primarily an architecture; it is also a relationship between three distinct types of participants: Find, Bind, and Publish. Figure 1: Service-Oriented Computing Research Roadmap. Figure 2: Web Service SOA-based framework. The principal function of the SOA system is to manage the interactions among services. Integration is guaranteed by WS standards that promote the extensive utilization and enhanced reusability of programs due to their enforcement of WS schemas [11]. Interoperability, dependability, availability, accessibility, security, efficiency, durability, extensibility, flexibility, auditability, operability, deployability, and modifiability are identified as essential characteristics in the design of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs). WS facilitates the reutilization and dissemination of shared logic among diverse clients, encompassing mobile, desktop, and web applications [3]. WS frequently utilizes eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for communication with customers and other WS. Alternative methods and formats, such as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), Representational State Transfer (REST), and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), are also extensively utilized for this purpose. A limited number of standardized technologies have been utilized to implement the application framework in Web Services (WS), including but not limited to XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, and other analogous technologies [12; 13; 14]. WS are categorized into three distinct types: (1) static, (2) semi-dynamic, and (3) dynamic [13]. A static WS is created during the design phase, while dynamic composition occurs at runtime. Consequently, Dynamic Web Service Composition (DWSC) is more appropriate for commercial applications characterized by constantly evolving corporate laws and user demands [8]. To address significant complexity, a set of approaches for WS operations is being pursued for complete or partial automation via WSC [15]. According to [9; 16], WSC has three main phases: discovery, selection, and composition. After discovering a service, the next step is selecting the best one to fit specific tasks or business needs. Finally, the chosen service is used in the composition phase to create a workflow that integrates multiple WS [16].