## 3 Results
### Global Wavelet Profiles of Control and Parkinson's Disease Men over 60 Years Old (>60)
Comparison of the Global Wavelet Profiles from Control and Parkinson's Disease Men under 60 Years Old (<60) and over 60 Years Old (>60)  
Figure 4 shows the comparison of the mean global wavelet curves, the brainwave power profiles, and the anteroposterior power gradients from CL < 60 and PD < 60 and from CL > 60 and PD > 60. Figure 4A represents the comparison of the mean global wavelet curves from CL < 60 and PD < 60. The similarity of the curves estimated by [PERSON]'s correlation coefficient was 0.21. The differences were mainly related to the higher frequency and power values of the \(\alpha\) brainwave in CL < 60 (8.99 Hz; 0.98 microV\({}^{2}\)) compared to in PD < 60 (8.48 Hz; 0.33 microV\({}^{2}\)), and to the lower frequency and power values in the \(\delta\) brainwave observed in CL < 60 (2.38 Hz; 0.20 microV\({}^{2}\)) compared to PD < 60 (2.52 Hz; 0.90 microV\({}^{2}\)). These features marked an inverse relationship between the \(\alpha\) and \(\delta\) brainwaves in the brain activity of the groups. Figure 4B shows the comparison of the brainwave powers profile from CL < 60 and PD < 60. ANOVA analysis showed four brainwaves with significant differences between the groups: \(\delta\) (F = 1076.8, prob > F = 1.53 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-30}\)), \(\alpha\) (F = 265.64, prob > F = 2.91 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-19}\)), \(\beta\) (F = 16.52, prob > F = 2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\)), and \(\gamma\) (F = 8.18, prob > F = 6.7 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)). Figure 4C shows the anteroposterior power gradients from CL < 60 and PD < 60. The tendency of the gradient for PD < 60 (increasing; slope = 0.13; y-intercept = -1.4 SD) was the opposite of that for CL < 60 (decreasing; slope = \(-\)0.06; y-intercept = 0.69 SD). The slope values revealed that the rate of change between anterior and posterior brain regions was larger for PD < 60, and the y-intercept showed that the gradient in CL < 60 was set to a range of 1.38 SD, while in men with PD < 60, it was higher (2.8 SD). Figure 4D represents the comparison of the mean global wavelet curves across CL > 60 and PD > 60. The similarity of the curves estimated by [PERSON]'s correlation coefficient was of 0.71. The similarity was clearly observed in the \(\delta\) brainwave. The differences were related to the switch between \(\alpha\) brainwave activity, clearly observed for CL > 60 but not for PD > 60, and \(\theta\) brainwave activity; it was not identified for CL > 60 but was present at two main frequencies for PD > 60. Figure 4E shows the comparison of the brainwave powers profiles from CL > 60 and PD > 60. According to the ANOVA analysis, four brainwaves were  
Figure 4: Comparison of the global wavelet profiles across male CL and PD age groups. For CL and PD men < 60 years old: (**A**) mean global wavelet curves, (**B**) brainwave powers profiles, and (**C**) linear regressions from the anteroposterior power gradients. For CL and PD men > 60 years old: (**D**) mean global wavelet curves, (**E**) brainwave powers profiles, and (**F**) linear regressions from the anteroposterior power gradients. Standard error bars are shown on the brainwave powers and statistically significance differences between the groups are marked by the star symbol (\(\bigstar\)). significantly different between the groups: \(\delta\) (F = 13.27, prob \(>\) F = 8 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\)), \(\theta\) (F = 503, prob \(>\) F = 2.87 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-24}\)), \(\alpha\) (F = 45.21, prob \(>\) F = 4.55 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-8}\)) and \(\beta\) (F = 30.49, prob \(>\) F = 2.2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\)). Figure 4F shows the anteroposterior power gradients from CL \(>\) 60 and PD \(>\) 60. The tendency of the gradients was decreasing in both groups; however, the y-intercept and the slope were lower for CL \(>\) 60 (0.46 SD and \(-\)0.04) than for PD \(>\) 60 (1.1 SD and \(-\)0.10). According to the above, the gradient for CL \(>\) 60 fluctuates in a range less than 1 SD, while for PD \(>\) 60, it oscillates in a range of 2.2 SD.