# Size and Shape Optimization of a Guyed Mast Structure under Wind, Ice and Seismic Loading
## 7 Conclusions
Nevertheless, the partial safety factors involved in load combinations remain quite the same from the numerical point of view, regardless of the followed code. In future developments, the authors will attempt to replace circular hollow sections with built-up steel solutions to achieve the best structural performance and assemblage procedures. Especially for higher structures, guyed radio masts generally consist of a truss skeleton. Another possible development could be a structural optimization for a cable-stayed radio antenna adopting other optimization strategies, such as particle swarm optimization, PSO, and the evolution differential algorithm (EDA), which could be less time-consuming. Finally, it could perform a typological optimization by managing the position of the cable connection, trying to find the best attachment points. The following are available online at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12104875/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12104875/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12104875/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12104875/s1)). Conceptualization, R.C., M.M.R. and J.M. ; methodology, R.C., M.M.R., A.A., J.M., M.L.G. and G.C.M. ; software, M.L.G., M.M.R. and R.C. ; validation, R.C., M.L.G., J.M. and A.A.; formal analysis, R.C., J.M. and A.A.; investigation, A.A. and R.C. ; resources, R.C., M.M.R. and G.C.M. ; data curation, R.C. and A.A.; writing--original draft preparation, A.A., R.C. and M.M.R. ; writing--review and editing, J.M., R.C., M.L.G. and A.A.; visualization, M.M.R., R.C. and A.A.; supervision, G.C.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was supported by project MSCA-RISE-2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE)--ADDOPTML (ntua.gr). Not applicable. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions in revising the paper. The authors would like to thank G.C. Marano and the project ADDOPTML for funding/supporting this research. The authors declare no conflict of interest. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Modal Participating Mass Ratios**} \\ \hline
**n. Modes** & **Period (s)** & **Frequency (Hz)** & **Part. Mass X (\%)** & **Part. Mass Y [\%]** \\ \hline  
\hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Modal participating mass ratios. **Table A3. **_Cont._ \begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Modal Participating Mass Ratios**} \\ \hline
**n. Modes** & **Period (s)** & **Frequence (Hz)** & **Part. Mass X (\%)** & **Part. Mass Y (\%)** \\ \hline
24 & 0.046 & 21.516 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\
25 & 0.036 & 27.906 & 0.27 & 0.11 \\
26 & 0.035 & 28.313 & 0.04 & 0.13 \\
27 & 0.032 & 31.224 & 0.01 & 0.48 \\
28 & 0.032 & 31.722 & 0.20 & 0.00 \\
29 & 0.031 & 32.590 & 0.01 & 0.06 \\
30 & 0.024 & 40.831 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\
31 & 0.024 & 40.836 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\
32 & 0.023 & 42.600 & 12.32 & 0.00 \\
33 & 0.022 & 44.518 & 0.01 & 10.59 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}   
**Table A4. ** Load combination.