# High Reliability Evaluation and Lifetime Prediction of 50 GHz Athermal AWG Module
## 4 Reliability Test Result for Outdoor Environments Application  
Based on Telcordia-GR-1221-CORE [19] and Telcordia-GR-1209-CORE [20] for passive optical components, reliability tests were performed on the 96-channel (50 GHz-spacing) athermal AWG modules under the conditions in Table 3 to obtain the results. Five samples were used for each reliability test item to measure and compare the center wavelength, insertion loss values, and insertion loss variation before and after the tests at room temperature. According to the reliability test results in Table 3, the maximum insertion loss change was within \(\pm\)0.19 dB, which satisfies the 0.5 dB or 10% requirements of Telcordia-GR-1221-CORE. The average insertion loss is the average value of the 1 to 96 channels of five samples tested separately and was within a maximum of \(-\)3.72 dB, which is less than the Telcordia-GR-1209-CORE reference of 6.14 dB. Among the five reliability tests, the insertion loss average of the low-temperature storage test showed the greatest loss of \(-\)3.54 dB. The average insertion loss changes of the five reliability items were between \(-\)0.08 dB and 0.03 dB, indicating that the performance was stable even after the reliability tests without significant differences. Figure 7: Temperature dependence of 96-channel (50 GHz-spacing) athermal AWG: (**a**) Temperature dependence of center wavelength; (**b**) Temperature dependence of spectrum 48 ch; (**c**) Center wavelength shift of Temperature dependence; (**d**) Insertion loss variation of temperature dependence. Figure 8 shows the 96-channel average data of five AWG modules after the temperature cycling test. Figure 8a shows the center wavelength shift, and Figure 8b the insertion loss variation. After testing 500 cycles (\(-40\)\({}^{\circ}\)C\(-85\)\({}^{\circ}\)C), the center wavelength shift was within \(\pm 0.022\) nm and the insertion loss variation within \(\pm 0.22\) dB, which is stable against temperature changes. Figure 8: All channel average result of module after temperature cycling test: (**a**) Center wavelength shift; (**b**) Insertion loss variation; (**c**) Spectrum after temperature cycling test (T.C 1). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Item**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Condition [19]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(n\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Results**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & **Average** & **Average** & **Average** \\  & & & **Center Wavelength** & **Insertion Loss** & **Insertion Loss (dB)** \\  & & & **Change (nm)** & **Change (dB)** & **Insertion Loss (dB)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Vibration} & 20 G, 20–2000 Hz & \multirow{4}{*}{5} & All Ch. 0.003 & All Ch. 0.03 & \(-\)3.33 \\  & 4 min/cycles, 4 cycles/axis, & 5 & 1 ch. 0.001 & 1 ch. \(-\)0.01 & \(-\)3.51 \\  & 3 axis & 96 ch. 0.000 & 96 ch. 0.19 & \(-\)3.39 \\  & 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C\(-65\)\({}^{\circ}\)C, & & All Ch. 0.006 & All Ch. \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)3.26 \\  & 80\(\times\)100\(\times\)R.H. & 5 & 1 ch. 0.005 & 1 ch. \(-\)0.05 & \(-\)3.23 \\  & \(-\)10 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 10 cycles & & 96 ch. 0.008 & 96 ch. 0.04 & \(-\)3.56 \\  & \(-\)40 \({}^{\circ}\)C–85 \({}^{\circ}\)C, & & All Ch. 0.011 & All Ch. \(-\)0.08 & \(-\)3.34 \\  & \(-\)40 \({}^{\circ}\)C–85 \({}^{\circ}\)C, & 5 & 1 ch. 0.011 & 1 ch. \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)3.27 \\  & test & 500 cycles & & 96 ch. 0.009 & 96 ch. \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)3.60 \\  & & & All Ch. 0.020 & All Ch. \(-\)0.03 & \(-\)3.36 \\  & & & 1 ch. 0.022 & 1 ch. 01.9 & \(-\)3.32 \\  & & & 96 ch. 0.020 & 96 ch. \(-\)0.08 & \(-\)3.46 \\  & & & All Ch. 0.006 & All Ch. \(-\)0.05 & \(-\)3.54 \\  & \(-\)40 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 2000 h & 5 & 1 ch. 0.003 & 1 ch. 0.03 & \(-\)3.25 \\  & & & 96 ch. 0.007 & 96 ch. \(-\)0.13 & \(-\)3.72 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Reliability test results.