## 4 Vehicle Storage Analysis
### Performance Analysis  
To gain a comprehensive understanding of these performance changes, the degradation percentages are calculated for both models, as shown in Tables 2 and 3. These tables indicate the performance of both Model A and Model B from 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
The calculation of degradation percentages is grounded on the principle that higher values indicate better performance for throughput and IOPS [29]. Consequently, higher performance values are expected at lower temperatures compared to elevated temperatures. Conversely, for latency, where lower values are indicative of better performance, it is anticipated that latency will be lower at reduced temperatures and increase at higher temperatures [30]. In the equation provided, \(l\) represents the throughput or IOPS value at the lower temperature, while \(h\) denotes the corresponding value at the higher temperature.  
\[Throughput/IOPS\_Degradation=\frac{l-h}{l}*100\%. \tag{2}\]  
For latency, \(l\) denotes latency at a lower temperature, and \(h\) represents latency at a higher temperature.  
\[Latency\_Degradation=\frac{h-l}{l}*100\%. \tag{3}\]  
The thermal performance characteristics of Model A and Model B Quad-Level Cell (QLC) Solid-State Drives (SSDs) reveal markedly different responses to temperature variations. Model B demonstrates a more consistent and predictable performance degradation across read and write operations, with performance declines uniformly ranging between 18% and 30% when temperature increases from 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C. In stark contrast, Model A exhibits substantially more variable performance deterioration, with decline percentages ranging widely from 14% to 76% under identical thermal conditions.  
Model A manifests a pronounced performance reduction in read operations, particularly pronounced in random read scenarios. The performance degradation pattern for this model reveals a distinct asymmetry between read and write tasks. Conversely, Model B demonstrates a more nuanced thermal response. During the initial temperature increase from 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Model B's read task performance experiences a more significant decline compared to write operations. However, as the temperature escalates further to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the performance of write tasks becomes more substantially impacted than read operations.  
Input/Output Operations per Second (IOPS) measurements provide additional insights into the thermal performance characteristics of these SSD models. Model A exhibits a more pronounced performance decline in write tasks compared to read tasks, with the most significant performance reduction occurring during the temperature increase from 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, particularly in sequential I/O operations. In contrast, Model B presents a distinctive IOPS performance profile. At 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the model demonstrates slight performance improvements, especially in random read operations. However, these improvements are marginal, approximating 2.5%, rendering it challenging to definitively distinguish between genuine performance enhancement and statistical noise. As the temperature continues to rise to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the performance improvements observed at 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C are subsequently negated, with a discernible performance decline.