# Assessment of Water Consumption Behavior in Single Households Using Smart Water Meters
## 3 Results
### Categorization of Single Households by Smart Water Meter Data  
According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Waterworks Bureau, a single person's daily water consumption in Japan in 2002 was 245 L/day [40]. On the basis of a report by Statista 2019 [41], the amount of water consumed per person, including potable and nonportable water, was 286 L/day. A two-member household's average daily water consumption was calculated as 286 L/day and doubled to 572 L/day. To distinguish between single- and two-member households, a level of 429 L, which was used, was calculated by averaging their respective average water consumption values. A \(\pm\)143-L margin was applied to the average consumption to create an equitable range of water consumption. Consequently, for a single person, the minimum limit was 143 L and the maximum was 429 L, and for a household with two members, the minimum was 429 L and the maximum was 715 L. Therefore, the selection method may include a few two-member households, from 143-429 L/day, but most households are single households. Water consumption data were selected to differentiate between single households and total household data during the three weeks of September 2022. The smart water meter data were classified into five groups on the basis of household water consumption: 0-143, 143-429, 429-715, 715-100 L, and over 1001 L/day, as shown in Figure 3. This research exclusively concentrates on single households with a range of 143-429 L/day. This categorization helps determine the number of households with daily users on the basis of their water consumption over three weeks. The total average water consumption over the three weeks exhibited significant variation, as shown in Figure 4. The lowest average consumption, totaling 1523 m\({}^{3}\)/day with 1% total water consumption, was observed among users in the 0-143 L/day range. The consumption reached 53,392 m\({}^{3}\)/day, 35%, which was recorded for users who consumed more than 1001 L/day. In contrast, the total water consumption of single households was 17,728 m\({}^{3}\)/day, accounting for 11% of the total water consumption. These findings emphasized the considerable differences in water consumption patterns among users during the three weeks. However, when comparing the three-week ranges of 143-429 L/day water consumption, it was observed that some household IDs did not include all three weeks. To analyze the water consumption behavior of single households as shown in Figure 5, the total number of single households and those that did not meet the target criteria during the observed weeks are depicted. In the dataset, three sections represent different weeks, each comprising a varying number of households. Across all three weeks, 317 households consistently participated. In the first section, consisting of 424 households, additional patterns emerged. In the second part, representing 409 households, 32 house-holds were present in the first and second weeks but not in the third week. Twenty-five households were absent  
Figure 2: Hourly water consumption of 1871 households in the Chibata district on weekdays. during the first and third weeks and in the third part, which included all 425 households for the third week. Thirty-six households followed a similar pattern to those in the third week, and 37 households were present in the first and third weeks but not during the second week. Additionally, 36 households were present only in the third week. These patterns illustrate the varying levels of household participation across the three weeks of data collection. Therefore, 317 single households were selected after three weeks, all of which consistently consumed water within the range of 143-429 L/day. Then, we focused on our selection of single households that displayed this pattern over a maximum of three days from five weekdays (Monday-Friday).