## 3 IWOA Simulation Experiments and Result Analysis
### IWOA Result Analysis
#### 3.2.3 Data Statistical Analysis
 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(F_{1}\)} & WOA & \(7.30\times 10^{-123}\) & \(7.02\times 10^{-140}\) & \(4.64\times 10^{-148}\) & \multirow{6}{*}{\(F_{5}\)} & WOA & \(3.60\times 10^{-113}\) & \(8.08\times 10^{-100}\) & \(5.05\times 10^{-100}\) \\  & PSO & \(0.15\times 10^{10}\) & \(3.24\times 10^{10}\) & \(0.10\times 10^{10}\) & & PSO & \(1.50\times 10^{10}\) & \(2.72\times 10^{10}\) & \(0.25\times 10^{10}\) \\  & SSA & \(0\) & \(3.44\times 10^{-4}\) & \(3.05\times 10^{-4}\) & & SSA & \(0\) & \(1.50\times 10^{-10}\) & \(1.07\times 10^{-5}\) \\  & SBOA & \(0\) & \(1.62\times 10^{-30}\) & \(0\) & \(F_{5}\) & SBOA & \(7.08\times 10^{-129}\) & \(2.17\times 10^{-180}\) & \(1.03\times 10^{-15}\) \\  & MPA & \(5.52\times 10^{-32}\) & \(7.13\times 10^{-32}\) & \(1.78\times 10^{-10}\) & & MPA & \(3.14\times 10^{-30}\) & \(1.18\times 10^{-27}\) & \(1.14\times 10^{-27}\) \\  & PKO & \(3.25\times 10^{-14}\) & \(3.25\times 10^{-14}\) & \(5.53\times 10^{-14}\) & & PKO & \(2.66\times 10^{-10}\) & \(1.54\times 10^{-6}\) & \(2.43\times 10^{-6}\) \\  & IWOA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) & IWOA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(F_{2}\)} & WOA & \(4.98\times 10^{-2}\) & \(4.36\times 10^{10}\) & \(1.39\times 10^{10}\) & \multirow{6}{*}{\(F_{8}\)} & WOA & \(0.40\times 10^{10}\) & \(5.64\times 10^{1}\) & \(2.29\times 10^{-11}\) \\  & PSO & \(5.19\times 10^{10}\) & \(11.41\times 10^{10}\) & \(3.88\times 10^{10}\) & & PSO & \(0.69\times 10^{10}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{10}\) & \(0.21\times 10^{10}\) \\  & SSA & \(0\) & \(1.18\times 10^{-3}\) & \(8.40\times 10^{-4}\) & & SSA & \(0\) & \(3.07\times 10^{-11}\) & \(1.58\times 10^{-10}\) \\  & SDOA & \(1.64\times 10^{-12}\) & \(1.53\times 10^{-10}\) & \(3.10\times 10^{-2}\) & & PKO & \(5.23\times 10^{-10}\) & \(2.68\times 10^{-8}\) & \(3.32\times 10^{-48}\) \\  & MPA & \(4.05\times 10^{-10}\) & \(1.03\times 10^{-10}\) & \(1.65\times 10^{-10}\) & & MPA & \(5.23\times 10^{-10}\) & \(2.66\times 10^{-9}\) & \(1.75\times 10^{-9}\) \\  & PKO & \(1.18\times 10^{-2}\) & \(2.36\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.78\times 10^{3}\) & & PKO & \(1.66\times 10^{7}\) & \(7.51\times 10^{9}\) & \(3.82\times 10^{9}\) \\  & IWOA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) & IWOA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(F_{3}\)} & WOA & \(6.55\times 10^{-3}\) & \(4.99\times 10^{-3}\) & \(5.95\times 10^{-3}\) & & WOA & \(0\) & \(3.41\times 10^{-13}\) & \(2.36\times 10^{-14}\) \\  & PSO & \(1.12\times 10^{9}\) & \(9.92\times 10^{1}\) & \(5.57\times 10^{1}\) & & PSO & \(8.06\times 10^{1}\) & \(4.92\times 10^{10}\) & \(0.54\times 10^{10}\) \\  & SSA & \(7.44\times 10^{-3}\) & \(9.21\times 10^{-3}\) & \(4.61\times 10^{-3}\) & & SSA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) \\  & SBOA & \(4.07\times 10^{-3}\) & \(6.04\times 10^{-4}\) & \(4.28\times 10^{-4}\) & \(F_{7}\) & SBOA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) \\  & MPA & \(2.38\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.85\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.09\times 10^{-4}\) & & MPA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) \\  & PKO & \(5.01\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.22\times 10^{-2}\) & \(2.88\times 10^{-2}\) & & PKO & \(2.15\times 10^{-4}\) & \(3.17\times 10^{1}\) & \(2.25\times 10^{10}\) \\  & IWOA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) & IWOA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(F_{4}\)} & WOA & \(8.88\times 10^{-16}\) & \(4.72\times 10^{-15}\) & \(2.36\times 10^{-15}\) & \multirow{6}{*}{\(F_{8}\)} & WOA & \(0\) & \(5.60\times 10^{-2}\) & \(2.78\times 10^{-2}\) \\  & PSO & \(0.85\times 10^{10}\) & \(2.42\times 10^{10}\) & \(0.54\times 10^{10}\) & & PSO & \(3.64\times 10^{10}\) & \(1.20\times 10^{10}\) & \(0.51\times 10^{10}\) \\  & SSA & \(8.88\times 10^{-16}\) & \(8.88\times 10^{-16}\) & \(1.53\times 10^{-16}\) & & SSA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) \\  & SBOA & \(4.69\times 10^{-10}\) & \(1.70\times 10^{-12}\) & \(1.22\times 10^{-12}\) & & MPA & \(0\) & \(0\) & \(0\) \\Figure 6: Boxplot of convergence for seven comparative algorithms. (**a**) \(F_{1}\) total convergence boxplot. (**b**) \(F_{2}\) total convergence boxplot. (**c**) \(F_{3}\) total convergence boxplot. (**d**) \(F_{4}\) total convergence boxplot. (**e**) \(F_{5}\) total convergence boxplot.