## 3 Questionnaire Design and Data Collection
### Measures  
#### 3.2.1 Public Investigation  
Referring to the Motor Vehicle Risky Driver Behavior Scale [51], and according to the characteristics of e-bikers and behavior, we designed a public investigation questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part consists of basic personal information, including gender, age, education level, and driving license (Table 1). The second part is the public's attitudes toward FRT, which includes three variables: Attitudes toward red-light  
Figure 3: Red-light running behavior of e-bikers.  
Figure 2: Part of the red-light monitoring system.  
running behavior, the application effect of FRT, and whether FRT violates privacy (Table 2). The first part of the questionnaire uses a single-choice form, and the second part uses a Likert five-level scale (from \"strongly disagree = 1\" to \"strongly agree = 5\").  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Demographic Variables** & **Category** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Gender} & Male \\ \cline{2-3}  & Female \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Age} & 18–36 \\ \cline{2-3}  & 37–54 \\ \cline{2-3}  & \(>\)54 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Education level} & Junior high school and below \\ \cline{2-3}  & Senior high school \\ \cline{2-3}  & College and undergraduate \\ \cline{2-3}  & Postgraduate and above \\ \cline{2-3}  & Have \\ \cline{2-3}  & Do not have \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Items of basic personal information.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **Item** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{A: Attitudes toward red-light running behavior of e-bikers} & A1: Red-light running behavior of e-bikers has a negative impact on traffic. \\ \cline{2-3}  & A2: Even if I have good riding skills, running a red light may be dangerous. \\ \cline{2-3}  & A3: Although running a red light can shorten the travel time, it is prone to accidents and is unworthy. \\ \cline{2-3}  & A4: Red-light running behavior is irresponsible to lives. \\ \cline{2-3}  & A5: More e-bikers are running red-light in China cities, and management needs to be strengthened. \\ \cline{2-3}  & A6: I am familiar with the traffic regulations related to e-bikes, and I ride per the regulations. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{B: Application effect of FRT} & B1: FRT can significantly reduce the red-light running behavior of e-bikers. \\ \cline{2-3}  & B2: The application of FRT helps to strengthen personal traffic safety awareness. \\ \cline{2-3}  & B3: Need to take specific measures to punish the identified behavior. \\ \cline{2-3}  & B4: The information of violators shown on the screen has a deterrent effect on the public. \\ \cline{2-3}  & B5: Most people will support and actively obey the application of FRT in traffic management. \\ \cline{2-3}  & B6: FRT is progress of technology and is worth promoting. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{C: Whether FRT violates privacy} & C1: It is not a violation of personal privacy to show red-light running behavior on the screen. \\ \cline{2-3}  & C2: The following information published on the screen is appropriate: The offender’s image running a red light (the face is covered), the middle part of the name is concealed, and the ID number is concealed in the middle digits. \\ \cline{2-3}  & C3: Personal information identified by FRT will be strictly protected and will not be leaked. \\ \cline{2-3}  & C4: The application of FRT also needs to be regulated by improving relevant laws. \\ \cline{2-3}  & C5: When using FRT, the public’s right to know needs to be guaranteed. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Survey items of public and traffic police attitudes toward FRT.