## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [12], analysed seismic isolation systems in which four distinctive isolators were installed, namely, a classic laminated rubber bearing, a high-damping rubber bearing, a lead rubber bearing and an Electric-de-France (EDF) bearing. They noticed that the last type displayed better seismic isolation performance during near-fault earthquakes. [PERSON] et al. [13], proposed a reinforced asphalt seismic isolation layer structure and applied a simulated earthquake ground motion in an experimental study to analyse the performance of the structure, which was satisfactory. [PERSON] [14], performed a finite element analysis of buildings isolated using recycled tires and found that the tire cushion largely mitigated the seismic effects on the superstructure. Due to its cost efficiency, the design using recycled tires can be widely commercialized. [PERSON] [15], tested scrap automobile tire pads under compressive tests and static shear tests to study the effects of various parameters including the tire orientation and number of layers. The tests showed that the isolator stiffness in both the horizontal and vertical directions could be altered by adjusting the number of tire layers. [PERSON] described the isolator design as a simple, economical and environmentally friendly solution. [PERSON] [16], presented the idea of an isolator composed of granulated rubber mixed with soil. An experimental study and numerical simulation were performed to investigate the isolation performance of the structure and its parameters. The results indicated that the design, which is low-cost and easy to construct, largely mitigates the seismic response at the top of the structure. [PERSON] [17], used geotextiles as an isolator in brick masonry buildings and performed a shake-table study. The results were then compared with the experimental outcomes of quake-proofed buildings under the same conditions. The results showed that geotextiles offer great isolation performance based on the large reduction in response acceleration at roof level. [PERSON] et al. [18], presented a base-isolation approach in which fibre-reinforced soil was covered by a geotextile. The design is a practical technique with satisfactory performance. [PERSON] [19], studied the seismic isolation performance and the shake table results for various sand cushions that varied in grain size and cushion thickness. A specimen consisting of large uniform grains yielded the best performance, and the increase in cushion thickness improved performance. [PERSON] [20], proposed slide isolation using a granulated-rubber ceramisite mixture (RCM) in which an RCM isolator was sandwiched between the superstructure and the foundation. In a major earthquake, the energy is dissipated in the slippage and friction at the interface, protecting the superstructure from the direct effects of the event and minimizing damage. The results indicate that the RCM isolation system offers good performance in major earthquakes by reducing the acceleration response of the superstructure. However, the residual displacement of the isolator can be comparatively high. According to this study, the isolation outcomes are controlled mainly by the material properties, component proportions and isolator thickness. [PERSON] et al. [21], conducted a numerical simulation of two-storey masonry buildings with fibre-reinforced elastomeric isolator bearings and compared the results with data obtained from a study of a traditional masonry building. The results showed that the isolation bearing delivers quite stable performance in terms of shear deformation and mitigates the seismic response of the superstructure. [PERSON] et al. [22], performed a shake table test on a 1/4-scale one-storey masonry building with coarse dry sand as the base isolator. The results were compared with experimental data from the same model without an isolator.