## 3 Results  
Table 3 presents the comparisons of mean values, SDs, and significances of \(\Delta\)E. A statistically significant difference was found after using one-way-ANOVA between \(\Delta\)E of the different RBC groups (\(p<0.001\)) during immersion in different beverages. Color changes of different subgroups after exposure to different beverages are shown in Figure 1.  
After immersion in the coffee solution, the highest \(\Delta\)E value was recorded with N0, and the lowest \(\Delta\)E value recorded with N0 had the uppermost Zr3 group. There was a statistically significant difference among N0, Zr3, and Zr7 (\(p=0.002\)). Zr3 presented a statistically significant difference with Si3 (\(p=0.006\)) and Si7 (\(p<0.001\)). Additionally, Zr7 showed a significant difference with Si3 (\(p=0.044\)) and Si7 (\(p=0.022\)). After immersion in the tea solution, the highest mean \(\Delta\)E was recorded with N0, and the lowest \(\Delta\)E was recorded with the Zr3 group. N0 presented a significant increase in \(\Delta\)E compared with Zr3 (\(p<0.001\)), Zr7 (\(p<0.001\)), Ti3 (\(p=0.005\)), and Si3 (\(p=0.031\)). Zr3 showed a significant decrease in \(\Delta\)E compared with Ti7 (\(p=0.005\)) and Si7 (\(p<0.001\)). Additionally, a significant difference was found between Zr7 and Si7 (\(p=0.013\)). After immersion in the Coca-Cola solution, N0 displayed the highest \(\Delta\)E value, and Zr3 recorded the lowest \(\Delta\)E value. N0 showed a significant increase in \(\Delta\)E with all modified groups \(p<0.001\)) except Ti7 and Si7 (\(p>0.05\)). Among the modified groups, Zr3 showed a significant decrease in \(\Delta\)E compared with Ti3 (\(p=0.015\)), Ti7 (\(p<0.001\)), Si3 (\(p=0.001\)), and Si7 (\(p<0.001\)). Zr7 showed a statistically significant difference with Ti7 (\(p=0.002\)) and Si7 (\(p<0.001\)). Significant differences were found between Ti3 and. Si7 (\(p=0.002\)) and between Si3 and Si7 (\(p=0.040\)). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Coffee**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Tea**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Coca-Cola**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mineral Water**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **NBS** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **NBS** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **NBS** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **NBS** \\ \hline N0 & 4.46 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 4.1 & 3.42 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 3.1 & 2.49 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 2.3 & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 1 \\ Zr3 & 4.31 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{BC}}\) & 3.96 & 3.23 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{D}}\) & 3 & 2.24 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{D}}\) & 2.1 & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{D}}\) & 0.9 \\ Zr7 & 4.36 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 4 & 3.28 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{GD}}\) & 3 & 2.29 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\text{D}}\) & 2.1 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{CD}}\) & 0.9 \\ Ti3 & 4.39 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{AB}}\) & 4 & 3.3 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{BD}}\) & 3 & 2.34 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{BC}}\) & 2.2 & 1.02 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{CD}}\) & 0.9 \\ Ti7 & 4.42 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{AB}}\) & 4.1 & 3.35 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{ABC}}\) & 3.1 & 2.41 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{AB}}\) & 2.2 & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{AB}}\) & 1 \\ Si3 & 4.44 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 4 & 3.32 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{BCD}}\) & 3.1 & 2.37 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{BC}}\) & 2.2 & 1.05 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{BC}}\) & 1 \\ Si7 & 4.44 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 4.1 & 3.39 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{AB}}\) & 3.1 & 2.46 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 2.3 & 1.08 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{AB}}\) & 1 \\ \(p\)-value & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\text{*}}\) & & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\text{*}}\) & & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\text{*}}\) & & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\text{*}}\) & \\ Effect size & 0.461 & & 0.457 & 0.650 & 0.580 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: (\(\Delta\)E) mean (M) values, standard deviations (\(\pm\)SDs), and significance between tested groups in terms of immersion solution effect.