## 4 Discussion and Conclusions  
There are various data cube services being developed or operated based on the data cube paradigm. However, each data cube service differs in terms of target regions, scope of data provision, and types of satellite images provided. The data processing capabilities and sizes of archived ARD are also different. Currently, most ODC-based services utilize the AWS cloud, but the underlying cloud environment for the data cube can naturally vary due to these factors. This study presents a prototype model that can be implemented using a multi-cloud approach. The demand for ARD products for satellite imagery is increasing because users can use the data directly without additional calibration work. ARD and data cubes are not separate entities, but it is desirable to handle them together because data cube systems  
Figure 9: Processing results of registered data visualization, spectral indices using KOMPSAT-3A TOCR, and downloading tab: (**a**) Web mapping of ingested data; (**b**) Interface for spectral indices function selection; (**c**) Interface for checking processing status; (**d**) Processing results of NDVI; (**e**) Processing results of EVI; (**f**) Processing results of NDWI; (**g**) Information on processing results in the result tab; and (**h**) Downloading processing results in the output tab. based on cloud computing environments are the best way to utilize ARD. In this study, we proposed an application model that can handle ARD in a multi-cloud environment. Multi-cloud services refer to the use of several cloud services in combination. OpenStack enables the virtualization of computing, storage, and networking resources to build a private cloud, while AWS offers a range of cloud services to build a public cloud. Companies or organizations can benefit from improved security, efficiency, and flexibility by configuring a hybrid cloud architecture that combines OpenStack and AWS. Although these platforms serve different purposes, they can be used together to build a powerful hybrid cloud. AWS and OpenStack are platforms that provide cloud computing services, but each has its own characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. AWS provides high availability and stability while providing an easy and user-friendly experience. While OpenStack is a platform that allows users to build a personalized cloud environment by combining components. There are several advantages to using these two platforms together. First, there is flexibility. Each AWS and OpenStack offer unique functionalities. AWS has predefined functionalities, making it easier for users to get started, while OpenStack allows users to freely configure and customize functionalities. Using them together can combine flexible functionality configuration with ease of use. OpenStack is an open-source project that allows customers to configure a personalized cloud environment as they want. AWS provides public cloud services. A private cloud environment can be configured by using these two platforms together. Second, there are cost savings: AWS rents out large-scale infrastructure, so the initial cost is very high. OpenStack is open-source, so the initial cost is low. Therefore, by using both platforms together, users can build a cloud infrastructure while reducing the initial costs. Third, there is stability. AWS provides very high availability and stability. By using these two platforms together, the stability can be increased. On the other hand, using AWS and OpenStack together can have the following disadvantages or issues. The first is complexity. The two systems may have compatibility and integration issues when using AWS and OpenStack together. These issues can make configuration and management difficult. Second, because OpenStack is an open-source project, customer and technical support may need to be improved. This can make it difficult to resolve problems when they arise. Third, there are security issues. AWS provides strict control and auditing for security.