## 5 Discussion  
Figures 5-7 and Tables 3 and 4 show an increase in current magnitude under single-phasing with decreasing motor speed. Figures 12-14 show the simulation results of the  
Figure 11: Experimental work for the prototype design. Figure 10: Proposed protection scheme against single-phasing fault. motor speed change under healthy (0-1 s) and single phasing (starting at t = 1 s) for light, half, and full load. The simulation results demonstrate the impact of single phasing on motor performance under different load conditions. These results of speed variation are very close to the practical measurement in Table 3. The close correlation between the simulated speed variation and practical measurements validates the model's accuracy. In addition to speed, the variation in electromagnetic torque highlights the potential for increased vibration during single-phasing events, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing these issues in motor operations. Figure 12: Speed and electromagnetic torque under healthy (0 to 1 s) and single phasing (1 to 2 s) operations under the light load. Figure 13: Speed and electromagnetic torque under healthy (0 to 1 s) and single phasing (1 to 2 s) operations under the half load. Figure 8 shows an increase in motor vibration with increasing load. Figures 15 and 16 show the increase in stator winding temperature under single-phasing faults. The experimental results show that during single phasing, the current in the open phase is zero while it rises in the other phases, as shown in Table 3. Figure 15 shows the normal rise of stator winding temperature under healthy and faulty conditions at light load, and it shows that the average temperature rise is approximately constant. To explore the distribution of heat in the motor, an infrared special camera (Compact Fluke PTi120 Pocket Thermal Camera) is used. Figure 16 shows the infrared thermal image of the stator windings, where there is a significant increase in temperature under faulty conditions compared with the healthy one in the light load case. The temperature difference in the stator windings is from (40 \({}^{\circ}\)C) at light load in healthy conditions to (49 \({}^{\circ}\)C) at fault conditions. This increase in temperature indicates a potential issue with the stator windings that may need to be addressed to prevent further damage or failure. Figure 14: Speed and electromagnetic torque under healthy (0 to 1 s) and single phasing (1 to 2 s) operations under the full load. Figure 15: Stator windings temperature under light load (healthy and faulty conditions). Monitoring and analyzing these temperature differences can help in early detection of faults and maintenance planning for the motor. To answer the paper's question, \"_Should a three-phase induction motor be turned off during a single-phasing fault?_\", the practical measurement considered for motor operation for long time operation under the single-phasing fault (around 85 min) under the light load revealed that the currents did not exceed the operation limits and a temperature increase of only 9 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This test is repeated several times, and the data are measured for long operation periods with the same behavior as shown in Figure 15.  
It should be noted here that the rise in the stator current under the single-phasing fault is around 4.3 A, as seen in Table 3. If the value of the stator current exceeds the threshold value, the motor will trip and shut down. In contrast, if the value of the stator current does not exceed the threshold value, the motor will continue to operate under the light load. The rise in the current under the light load under faulty conditions is still within permissible values; therefore, the proposed protection system will allow the motor to continue its operation. However, in half load and full load conditions, the increase in stator winding temperatures and currents will be significant enough to exceed the threshold value and activate the protection system, as shown in the preceding section.