## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Collaborative Mapping  
The edited and uploaded geographical data for the selected GK slum-upgrading projects in Manila, published on OSM, lift these previously undocumented and invisible city neighborhoods such as _Baseco_ onto a worldwide accessible and visible public map (Figure 6). We regard this unspectacular action as a first successful step for the slum dwellers respectively ex-slum dwellers away from isolation, addresslessness and \"untraceability\", towards a collective urban identity and territorial consciousness [3]. We decided to limit the GPS application to primary geographical information like streets, lanes, pathways, etc., due to the small size of GPS device or smartphone and limited accuracy of the GPS signal. Secondary information was recorded on a paper map. In 2010 we worked on GK village _Espiritu Santo_, one of our study sites \"where the streets have no name\" [3]. In the meantime street names had been assigned and we were able to update the data on OSM (Figure 7 b). No records of these new street names were available, only in the field we could check and document them. Figure 6: **(a)**_Baseco_ on OSM before our fieldwork in Manila 2010. **(b)** GK _Baseco_ after the fieldwork (screenshot osm.org, February 1, 2010). Beside the street name signs, the photo (Figure 6 a) shows the successful local implementation of an awarded design intervention: a simple green wall, proposed by one of our MLA students in 2010 [10]. In 2011, a single photo on _Flickr_[24] mentioning GK village _Concepcion_ helped us to locate the urban quarter but did not come with geo-coordinates. Finally, we were able to find and map the site (Figure 8). The authors might be two of the few academics in the field of landscape architecture who dedicate their research and design work to informal settlements in the megacity context. At large, we are only two scattered \"foot soldiers\" in the vast world army of \"volunteer geographers\" [18], exploring untrodden paths of urban public realm and (re)mapping the world on own initiative [3]. In 2011 in GK  
Figure 8: **(a)** Before: unmapped and untraceable GK village _Concepcion_; **(b)** After: uploaded mapping (screenshot osm.org, Feb 1, 2010) without building footprints ([PERSON]). Figure 7: GK village Espiritu Santo **(a)** New street signs and implementation of MLA studio 2010 design proposal of green end walls (photo Jan 2011); **(b)** Updated mapping of street names, a new multi-purpose hall and new preschool (screenshot osm.org, February 1, 2010). willage _Telus_ (Figure 9), we were joined by two of these activists, [PERSON] - a professional geographer and GIS expert, and [PERSON], a businessman, running a messenger service in Manila and being frustrated by the ambiguous delivery addresses of many clients. It was them who established the contact, identifying us by our year 2010 OSM uploads of _Baseco_ (Figure 6 b). They are volunteer mappers since more than five years, and they joined us during our mapping activities in GK Telus, Quezon City. When they usually do their fieldwork, they celebrate mapping parties. The social part of such parties begins, when all data of a site are collected, processed and uploaded - the same day. They came well equipped - laptop with wireless connection, Garmin GPS tablet devices, laser telemeter and a separate compass (Figure 10). The telemeter was an indoor device and turned out to be not really suitable for outdoor conditions and distances. Their compass came into operation when using a detailed hand-drawn ground plan of our NUS students to merge it with GPS tracks and a rough ground sketch of their own. The compass was positioned on the paper map, digitally photographed, loaded into JOSM and scaled and rotated with the JOSM plug-in _Piclayer_ (Figure 10 b). The GPS data was edited in Garmin's desktop software _MapSource_ and imported into JOSM.