## 1 Introduction  
Drones are an essential part of our life that are found in various fields, such as leisure, commercial activities, and military applications [1, 2]. Since the early years, drones have started to create security issues in the skies, especially in situations where people use drones to take photos and videos. Thus, aviation agencies around the world, such as the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), have started to take actions to regulate drone traffic and secure the skies. The FAA in the USA has launched the electronic remote identification (ER-ID) initiative to regulate drones as a kind of a license plate number (LPN). The LPN has been transmitted through RF communication to denote drones' unique data [3, 4]. Similarly, in Europe, the European Union has launched the European Network of U-SpaceDemonstrators for drone regulations, which will be enforced in January 2023 [5; 6]. The most notable implementation of the new U-Space regulations framework is the implementation of the Swiss U-Space [7; 8]. In the Swiss U-Space, the first nationwide network ER-ID service (called SUSI) was developed and launched [9; 10]. The Swiss U-Space represents an online platform to monitor drones with the help of the Linux Foundation's project called Inter USS Platform. The importance of ER-ID is that aviation authorities and neighborhood aircraft and civilians can receive information about the drones. This information can be presented on the internet, so authorized users can see information about drones, including their registration number and flight information, such as speed and altitude [11; 12]. However, the ER-ID can be defined as a LPN that is assigned to a corresponding drone in order to send drone information during a flight including: ID number, location, altitude, velocity, elevation, time mark, and emergency status [13; 14]. ER-ID, currently, uses Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to provide all the above-mentioned drone information [15; 16], but these are very limited in range (about 100 m for current Bluetooth class 1, 10 m for the most common Bluetooth class 2, and approximately 100 to 150 m outdoors for Wi-Fi) [17; 18]. Thus, the ER-ID cannot be received throughout the whole of a drone's flight, which usually takes a few kilometers for commercial drones, and hundreds of kilometers for professional drones and military drones. In turn, considering other wider range RF communication devices, such as 4G/5G, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), long range Internet of things (IoT), and satellites, are essential to be studied as extensions of ER-ID. To the best of our knowledge, none of the current commercial and scientific proposals have designed an ER-ID algorithm that uses all the available RF communication devices in fusion at the same time. This demands the implementation of an advanced ER-ID that allows drones and aviation authorities to receive the LPN throughout the whole of a drone's flight, in every terrain, with unlimited range. Consequently, it will provide the authorities with the ability to remote control the aircraft and guide the drones through the wide range RF channels. Therefore, a new wider range ER-ID algorithm is essential to be developed that takes into account the following communication devices: 4G/5G, ADS-B, long range IoT, and satellites. This study introduced a new algorithm to the ER-ID so that the process of detecting LPN of drones can be done in limitless range. The new algorithm has increased the lifetime of the battery energy of the drone. This is achieved by designing a finite state automaton (FSA) for transmitting the ER-ID data through Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 4G/5G, ADS-B, long range IoT, and satellites. In this work, we introduce such a method and implement it in a case study that was used as a proof of concept. The method is implemented in a special scenario to detect the LPN of a drone automatically depending on where the drone is and what available RF communication devices are in the area. The rest of the paper is organized as follows.