# Blockchain Interoperability for Future Telecoms
## 3 Literature Review
### Essential Design Requirements
[59] have evaluated the performance of private blockchains under various workloads. Their results showed that the performance of blockchain frameworks still needs to be improved when high workloads are involved, and their processing speeds are not competitive with existing database systems. In their project, Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric were compared, with Hyperledger Fabric emerging as the clear winner, exhibiting as much as ten times lower latency and much higher processing capacities. These results indicate that performance issues are critical in core blockchain transaction processing. Further performance drawbacks may be introduced when an additional interoperability solution is deployed in the core blockchain network. dApps and smart contracts are designed to facilitate interactions between blockchains and external applications. [PERSON] et al. [60] stated that the performance of a dApp is vital for assessing blockchain efficiency. Therefore, [PERSON] et al. evaluated the performance of both dApps and smart contractsin their research paper. They demonstrated the test results for dApp and smart contract deployments, which revealed varying performance outcomes. Any additional design frameworks for the core blockchain must be carefully conceived and tested before its implementation for interoperability. Such a design must also be isolated from the core blockchain process in order to minimize its impact on performance. * Storage of Traceability Transactions: Once the number of transactions in a traditional blockchain increases, the long-term storage of transactions for traceability needs might become a real challenge. [PERSON] et al. [61] discussed using DLTs as a storage mechanism in main blockchain networks, which can quickly become large due to crowded blockchain domains. Traditionally, the mainchain has been expected to provide decentralization, intercommunication, security, and privacy. Therefore, features such as extensive storage management are focal points in most projects. According to [PERSON] et al. [62], these significant storage needs can quickly become a performance issue when the mainchain is queried frequently for transaction history. Therefore, they offered a storage land registry for national health systems, which are frequently queried by doctors and health system users. [PERSON] and [PERSON] suggested using a sidechain approach to achieve better performance and storage management, considering the mainchain only for the standard blockchain features. In an ideal interoperability design, significant storage needs and high-performance expectations can be addressed using sidechains instead of main-chain-based approaches. After conducting a comprehensive literature review, the identified essential design requirements were crucial for developing an optimal blockchain interoperability project for future telecom domains. To achieve this, well-established projects from the existing literature and the research landscape were selected and reviewed in order to determine whether they could meet these essential design requirements. This approach enables telecom operators to accelerate the design and implementation of blockchain interoperability in current and future processes.