## 3 Results
### PEST Analysis
#### Economic and Natural Aspects  
* Specialty Beer Market in Brazil: Overview  
Beer is the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage worldwide. Despite regional particularities, global consumption and the number of small breweries continue to rise. The movement toward specialty beer consumption began in Europe, expanded to the United States in the late 1970s, and eventually reached Latin America [32; 33]. Global beer consumption reaches 192 million kiloliters annually, with China being the largest consumer, accounting for approximately 22% of this total, followed by the United States and Brazil. In per capita consumption (L/hab), the Czech Republic has held the top position for the 30 th consecutive year, while Brazil ranks second among Latin American and Central American countries [34]. Despite recent challenges, including the impact of COVID-19 on beer consumption, the industry has shown signs of recovery in recent years. In this context, the craft beer segment has emerged as a promising investment opportunity in Brazil. According to the 2024 Beer Yearbook published by MAPA, the country recorded 1847 breweries in 2023, marking a 6.8% growth compared to the previous year, as demonstrated in Figure 1[10]. According to the Brazilian Beer Industry Association (CervBrasil), the beer sector represents 2.5% of the national GDP and generated BRL 77 billion in 2021 [9; 35]. Of this total, 95% of the market is still dominated by three major players: AB InBev (59.4%), Grupo Heineken (24.4%), and Grupo Petropolis (11.3%), as illustrated in Figure 2. The Brazilian market appears relatively modest compared to more mature craft beer markets, such as the United States, where small and medium-sized breweries account for nearly 30% of sales. However, the sector continues to grow, highlighting significant potential for expansion [9]. The Southeast region of Brazil concentrates 46.3% of all breweries, with Sao Paulo standing out as the leading state. This regional predominance is illustrated in Figure 3. In 2023, only two states--Bahia and Alagoas--experienced a decline in breweries, each losing  
Figure 1: Total registered establishments (orange) and growth percentage (green) over the years. Source: 2024 Beer Yearbook, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA), Brazil. Figure 2: Market share of the three leading brewing companies operating in Brazil. one unit. Additionally, brewery dispersion increased, with at least one registered in 13.8% of Brazilian municipalities [10]. Once a brewery is registered, it becomes eligible to register its products. In 2023, Brazil recorded 45,648 product registrations, reflecting a 6.6% increase compared to 2022. This trend reflects the continuous expansion of new beer varieties. As with the distribution of breweries, the South and Southeast regions dominate product registrations, accounting for 91.9% of the total. Sao Paulo has the highest number of registered beers, while Amapa has the fewest [10]. This steady diversification of beer products underscores the dynamism and maturation of the Brazilian brewing sector, offering a strategic context for innovations involving alternative raw materials, such as fruit by-products. * Challenges and Opportunities in the Mango Production Chain  
Mango (_Mangifera indica_ L.), a member of the Anacardiacae family [36], is one of the most important tropical fruits in terms of both production volume and consumer acceptance [37]. Mango is a drupe composed of three main parts: the peel (epicarp), the pulp (mesocarp), and the seed (endocarp). The fruit varies in shape, ranging from round, oval, and elliptical to heart-shaped, and exhibits a wide range of sizes and weights. Its length varies between 3 and 26 cm, width between 1.5 and 10 cm, and weight between 132 and 702 g, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions [38]. With a balanced profile of sweetness and acidity, mango--often referred to as the \"king of fruits\" [39]--is widely consumed worldwide at different ripening stages.