## 1 Introduction  
Fishing vessels are affected by the wind, waves, ice, and other factors during navigation, which can cause maritime accidents. Statistically speaking, fishing vessel fires are the greatest contributor to accidents, with enormous losses. On 10 December 2020, a fishing vessel named Lucky Angel was trawling for shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico when a fire broke out in its engine room. The fishing vessel suffered a total constructive loss of nearly USD 120,000 [1]. According to statistical data from 2017 to 2021, about 63% of all accidental fires originated in the engine room, and 56% of such fires occurred due to the mutual contact of leaked oil and a heated surface [2, 3]. Further data related to fishing vessel fires indicate that nearly two-thirds of these fishing vessel engine room fires occur on the main and auxiliary engines or associated components such as turbochargers. When a fishing vessel is sailing or operating near a port, the oil container or piping system in the engine room breaks and leads to oil leakage. Once the marine oil of the engine room flows near the high-temperature surface of mechanical equipment under high-load operation, it is easy for a flowing oil fire to be triggered due to contact with the heated surface. Compared with ordinary cabins, a fishing vessel's engine room is special in terms of application, layout, and internal environment. Therefore, the damage degree and difficulty of the fire caused by the engine room are far greater than those of other areas, such as the passenger cabin and cargo hold. For the accurate prevention of fire accidents in a fishing vessel's engine room, on the one hand, relevant fire prevention measures should be taken based on the fire types induced by different physical hazards in the engine room. At present, there are relatively perfect classification standards and coping methods for the risk classification of a fishing vessel engine room. On the other hand, the ignition source functions as the energy source of a dangerous material combustion reaction in the early stage of a fire. Therefore, it is necessary to study the induction of a fire accident in a fishing vessel's engine room. Based on the knowledge gained, the prevention and elimination of the ignition source is the most critical correction to cut off the fire chain in a fishing vessel's engine room. Due to shipping operations, fishing ships greatly rely on marine diesel and bunker oil [4]; however, accidental fires in the engine room caused by fuel leakage constitute a tough problem. [PERSON] et al. 's statistical research of ship accidents from 1987 to 1998 [5] revealed that the main causes of engine room failure are engine trouble (30%), collisions (24%), and stranding (12%). [PERSON] et al. [6] indicated that engine room fires are primarily caused by flammable fuel leakage and its contact with unprotected heated surfaces. The work also suggested that more cost-effective safety measures should be developed by addressing systemic causes of ship engine room fires. Hazards connected to the handling of combustible materials in ship engine room areas mainly originate from the complicated nature of activities that occur there: the possibility of fire increases in the event of piping system and equipment failures or external events [7]. [PERSON] et al. [8] presented a framework for evaluating specific scenarios associated with human errors in ships, and the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) method was applied in the case of a ship fire. [PERSON] et al. [9] proposed a risk model for assessing ship fires at the initial stage of design, and this model indicated that the reliability index of fire safety systems is a core factor affecting the potential for large consequences in a ship fire. [PERSON] et al. [10] developed a dynamic evolutionary model for quantifying the domino effect of ship fires, which indicated that fuel ignition would cause a whole engine room fire in a short period due to narrow space.