# An Embedded System Based on Raspberry Pi for Effective Electrocardiogram Monitoring
###### Abstract
One of the most important uses of portable systems is in the design of medical devices such as the ECG monitors that can be used to save more lives, and create valuable data for research and diagnostic. ECG acquisition modules have been developed to study the ECG signal [15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20], and some standard databases have been used to analyze the signal. Some software solutions are used for signal processing to reduce the noise and to classify the cardiovascular diseases [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27]. Moreover, cost-effective embedded systems have been designed based on standard and cheap components [5; 7; 8; 21; 22]. Some of these systems were built based on microcontroller units to do the necessary control for the acquisition of the ECG and the disease classification [23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28]. Remote monitoring of ECG via Bluetooth [5; 14] or via a radio frequency (RF) module integrated into a microcontroller [18; 19; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28] have been applied extensively in literature. [PERSON] et al. [5] presented a portable miniature wireless device for ECG measurements that can be used for early heart attack detection. They implemented the acquisition module with wireless transmission capabilities that can be used for real time ECG processing and visualization in mobile devices. The results they presented show that the measured ECG signal is noisy and some of the peaks are missing which might affect the accuracy of heart disease diagnosis. [PERSON] et al. [7] proposed a universal portable, low cost system to monitor the ECG signal. They implemented a very simple circuit that was simulated on Proteus software, and they built their circuit on a bread board without using any microcontroller. The measured ECG signal is noisy, not stable, and doesn't show correct peaks. [PERSON] et al. [8] presented A prototype of a Single Channel 3-Lead Electrocardiograph and developed a software-based processing environment to provide all the features of the ECG signal. The design was implemented on a stripboard without using any microcontroller and tested using a LabView. [PERSON] et al. [29] have presented a small-sized, non-contact, real-time recording system for mobile long-term monitoring of ECG signals. A real-time analysis and remote monitoring of the heart rate variability (HRV) was done successfully using a portable ECG monitor based on an ARM microcontroller [30]. [PERSON] et al. [31] proposed a real time ECG on internet using Raspberry Pi, they built a simple circuit on a bread board and displayed the results on an Oscilloscope. Recently,Joukhadar et al. [32] proposed a portable raspberry pi-based system for heart valve diseases diagnosis using automatic segmentation and artificial neural network. The hardware of the proposed system consists of a phonocardiogram (PCG) signal acquisition module and a raspberry pi connected to a touch screen to process and display the data. In recent years, Machine learning algorithms have been utilized in the development of ECG systems that not only used to monitor the ECG signal but also possess the capability to classify arrhythmia [33; 34; 35]. More recently, [PERSON] et al. [35] have created a built-in system that can identify the QRS complex and classify arrhythmias using patient-specific ECG data. Their primary emphasis was on the machine learning algorithms rather than the hardware, and they provided insufficient information about the hardware design of the ECG system. In this work, we have developed an embedded system based on raspberry pi that can be used for monitoring electrocardiogram in faster and more efficient manner. The use of raspberry pi increases the possibility of storing more data and allows continuous tracking of the patient's history.