# Occupational Risk Assessment of Wind Turbines in Bangladesh
###### Abstract  
Wind energy is among the foremost vital renewable energy sources in the world. With the increase in its popularity and use, the requirement for safety measures regarding this type of energy is becoming more prevalent. The development and operation requirements that come with installing and running wind turbines have many risks that need managing and mitigation. This study implemented a risk evaluation method for the transportation, construction, operation, and maintenance of wind turbines, employing the fuzzy method. Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a multi-criteria higher cognitive process technique, was used to determine the weights of the risk parameters evaluated with the Fine-Kinney method. After that, the Fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) was employed for ranking the hazard's source. Using Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) consultants, this study was conducted in Bangladesh regarding its onshore turbines. Findings have revealed that the most prevalent hazards during transportation, construction, operation, and maintenance, respectively, are \"Driving vehicles at night in dark weather conditions\", \"Work in hot and humid conditions\", \"Inclement weather\", and \"Entering of unauthorized persons\". The results of this study can help the OHS department to track these risks and to control and minimize them. wind turbine; hazard; occupational health and safety; fuzzy set theory; AHP; TOPSIS; Fine-K-inney +
Footnote †: journal: Applied systems  
These winds carry much kinetic energy, and therefore, these districts are the ideal regions to harness the energy from the monsoon winds and convert them into electricity. This will allow Bangladesh to increase its energy generation capacity, while slowly reducing its dependency on fossil fuels [4]. In March 2021, the government of Bangladesh and Japan International Cooperation Agency reviewed and signed the Record of Discussion for the Integrated Energy and Power Master Plan. This signifies that the government of Bangladesh is laying the groundwork for long-term electricity generation capabilities, which will fuel growth in these sectors in the coming years. The majority of the past research on occupational risk analysis of wind turbines has concentrated on identifying and analyzing the risk partially. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [5] (identified and analyzed the wind turbine accident and death data. [PERSON] et al. [6] analyzed the occupational risk of wind turbines during the construction and operation period using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy ViseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (FVIKOR) methods. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018) identified and analyzed the hazards of onshore wind turbines using risk matrix. [PERSON] et al. [2] only identified the occupational health hazards. According to the previous work, this study answers the following research questions (RQs):  
RQ1: What are the occupational risks in different stages of wind turbines' lifecycles in an emerging economy context? RQ2: How can these occupational risks be systematically assessed so that they could be controlled or handled effectively? This study contributes to the extant literature by being amongst the earliest works to assess the occupational risk of wind turbines during the transportation, construction, operation, and maintenance stages in Bangladesh. Within this context, this article endeavors to achieve the following objectives:  
* To identify the occupational risk of wind turbines during the transportation, construction, operation, and maintenance stages. * To implement the Fine-Kinney, Fuzzy-AHP, and Fuzzy-TOPSIS methods for analyzing and ranking the hazards using occupational health and safety (OSH) expertise in judgment. * To control and mitigate risks using the risk control framework. According to the Fine-Kinney method, the three risk parameters exposure (E), consequence (C), and probability (P) of an accident are identified.