## 4 Evacuation Model Design  
The evacuation models need information on individuals' decisions and behaviors in the evacuation process. These pieces of information can include: how many and what kinds of vehicles were used? What roads were used by individuals to reach a safe point? What regions were chosen as safe points? And many others [16]. There is not much available data on wildfire evacuation behavior to help design evacuation models. Most of the research done in the field of wildfire was mainly concentrated on who would evacuate and how to predict traffic needs; even so, they are very limited [34]. Since there are no such data for wildfire, models mostly consider ideal behavior for individuals, such as [PERSON] and [PERSON] [35], or merely consider one type of movement, for example, only by car or on foot [36; 37]. Because evacuation data from WUI fires is scarce, the evacuation models rely on the user's judgment, which is not based on wildfire [38; 39]. Traditional evacuation simulation models have been demonstrated to be too optimistic regarding clearance timeframes and other results [40]. According to a study by [PERSON] et al. [41], evacuees are unlikely to organize themselves optimally along major corridors during hurricanes. When compared to models using ideal assumptions, simulating actual behavior (e.g., individuals delaying evacuation and/or choosing regular routes) [42] can considerably reduce evacuation \"effectiveness\" [43]. The incorrect assumptions for evacuation behavior under the threat of wildfire can and will endanger the safety of the community. The models that wrongly assume the behavior and decision of individuals have understated evacuation results, such as longer available time to evacuate, which gives false information to authorities and delayed evacuation alarms. Multiple time periods are involved in the household evacuation procedure. [PERSON] et al. [44] describe a generic WUI fire evacuation timetable, which chronologically lists emergency officials' and households'/evacuees' activities. After the evacuation alarm broadcast, the total needed time for a family or a household to evacuate can be the summation of specific time increments, including preparation, walking to the vehicle or other means of transport, traveling with the vehicle, and arriving at the safe point. Determining who and how many individuals will participate in evacuation, choosing the safe point asthe destination of evacuation, the vehicles or transportation type used to evacuate, and the road network used for the evacuation are the four main parts of designing an evacuation model, which will be explained in the following sub-sections. Driving parameters (such as speeds and flows) are included in the traffic assignment [34]. The type and structure of data required for each phase vary depending on the modeling approach. Macroscale, microscale, and mesoscale modeling methodologies are employed to simulate household behavior and mobility in evacuation models. Macro models present evacuation behavior at a larger level to recognize large patterns in evacuation. This scale of simulation models needs data on the flow pattern of vehicles and their speed, the road network capacity, and road density. Individuals (agents or vehicles) can be simulated using microscale models, which require data about the decision-making of the individuals, behavior, and movement at a community level. A model at the scale of meso mostly focuses on the interactions of individuals between the two previous models' scales [45]. All the methods need data on the behavior and decision process of individuals, regardless of the scale of the model to model an evacuation model for a WUI fire scenario. The user or operator of such models uses these data plus a safe point or zone as the evacuation destination to create the simulation. Following that, data on vehicle or transportation choice shows the pattern that evacuees are distributed across various modes of transportation of various capacities and capabilities.