## 5 Results
### Regulatory and Economic Instruments
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Exomamic** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Country**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Environmental Protection**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Waste**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**(Renewable) Energy**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Purchase/**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Clean Technology**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Climate Change**} \\
**Stage** & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Pakistan} & Pakistan & Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997) & Hazarbon Substances Rules & Renewable Energy & - & National Clean & - \\  & Protection Act (1997) & (1999) & Technologies Act (2010) & - & Air Act & - \\ \cline{2-7}  & \multirow{5}{*}{Cambodia} & Law on Environmental Protection and Natural & - & - & - & - & - \\  & & Resource Management (1996) & & & & & \\ \cline{2-7}  & Bangladesh & Bangladesh Environment & Bangladesh Environment & Power Development & - & Power Development Bounds & Climate Change Trust \\  & & Conervation Act (1995) & Conservation Act and Rules (1995) & & & & \\ \cline{2-7}  & \multirow{5}{*}{Myanner} & Environmental Conservation & & & & & \\ \cline{2-7}  & Law (2012) & - & - & - & Science and Technology & - \\  & Environmental Conservation & & - & - & - & Development Law (1994) & - \\  & Rules (2014) & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-7}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{\"-\": not recognizable.} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China established laws for green purchasing: the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services, the Act on Promotion of Purchase of Green Products, and the Government Procurement Law. In China, according to the Government Procurement Law that was enacted in 2003, government green procurement has been implemented since 2005 [21] (p. 13). Central governmental agencies and provincial-level governments have been required to preferentially purchase energy-saving labeled products that are listed in the Government Procurement List on Energy-Saving Products that is released by the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission [64]. Except for Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar, all countries established legislation on energy efficiency and renewable energy. Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, China, Mongolia, the Philippines, and Pakistan initiated specific acts on renewable energy. Ten countries (Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Mongolia, Philippines, Vietnam, and India) introduced a feed-in-tariff (FIT) scheme for renewable energy. The Republic of Korea replaced the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) with a FIT scheme. A FIT is a form of price regulation in which the government purchases electricity at a fixed price. By contrast, RPS is a quantity regulation that lets the market determine reasonable prices for power. In this approach, governments set targets or quotas to ensure that a certain market share of electricity capacity or generation comes from renewable energy sources [71]. Singapore offers tax incentives for renewable energy. This indicates that renewable energy is recognized as a key sector for eco-innovation in Asia. Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the Philippines initiated specific laws on climate change. Vietnam and Indonesia established regulations on climate change. Specifically, Bangladesh, which is ranked 1 st in the 2015 climate change vulnerability index [72], established the Climate Change Trust Fund Act in 2010. Some countries established climate change funds (Table 6). China established the China Green Carbon Fund in 2008. This fund encourages enterprises to invest in afforestation to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change [69, 73, 74]. Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Indonesia established climate change funds. The Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund is a country-led financing mechanism. Development partners, including Denmark, the European Union, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland provided financial support for this fund [75].