## 4 Findings and Discussion
### Promoting Purchase through Application Design
Product customization solutions can provide consumers the control of product visual presentation through manipulating product features. Dynamic product update, which was mapped to usability only, allowed retailers to update available product models as requested in product presentation and facilitated consumers to achieve their shopping goals. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Design Artifact Category** & **Design Artifact** & **Related Influential Factor(s)** & **Impacted Final Outcome(s)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{AR} & Direct product information presentation & 3D information quality & AT, EE, PA, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & Fashionable facial accessories try-on & Ease of use, User engagement & AT, BA, PA, Trust, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & Feature matching accuracy improvement & Ease of use & AT, BA, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & Marker-free & Ease of use & AT, BA, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & Mobile AR & Ease of use & AT, BA, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & Stand-alone AR & Ease of use & AT, BA, US \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Client design} & 3D representation of a multi-agent system & Social presence, Virtual agent & BA, EE, Trust \\ \cline{2-4}  & Accessibility & Ease of use & AT, BA, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & Combining virtual environment and & Experienced realism, Social presence & BA, EE, Trust \\ \cline{2-4}  & Sociality & Enentitive virtual shop interface & Ease of use, Experienced realism & AT, BA, EE, Trust, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & Scalability & Social presence & EE, Trust \\ \cline{2-4}  & Social commerce system design framework & Social presence & EE, Trust \\ \cline{2-4}  & Virtual mall & Layout, Spatial presence & EE, PD, Trust, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & VR Shopping experience enhancement & Experienced realism, Usability, User engagement & AT, BA, EE, PA, Trust, US, \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Customization} & Product customization & Control, Object interactivity, Usability & AT, PA, US, UV \\ \cline{2-4}  & Product searchability and recommendation & Ease of use, Usability & AT, BA, US \\ \cline{2-4}  & User-designed virtual environments for & \multirow{2}{*}{Ease of use, Usability} & AT, BA, US \\ \cline{1-1}  & product visualization & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & Virtual shop personalization, & \multirow{2}{*}{Ease of use, Usability} & AT, BA, US \\ \cline{1-1}  & customization, or consumer adaption & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Mapping of design artifacts and boundary factors. Virtual agent was another factor receiving sufficient attention from design papers and was identified in five design artifacts. Virtual agents provided multiple functionalities, ranging from price negotiation, information query, navigation assistance, to decision support. It was also believed to stimulate a sense of sociality. In addition, five design artifacts (combining virtual environment and sociality, fashionable facial accessories try-on, intuitive virtual shop interface, realistic product modeling, and virtual mall) can augment spatial presence, experienced realism, and user engagement, which were believed to mediate telepresence, as described in Figure 5. Notably, the virtual mall design, which connected multiple separate virtual stores, not only enhanced spatial presence but also provided a continuous shopping layout for a sense of reality and ease of navigation. The consumer's sense of social presence was provoked when a virtual shopping system facilitated multiple users to be co-located and view each other within the same space [121], turning e-commerce into social commerce [128]. Social presence can also be stimulated by improving system scalability, which increased the consumer capacity of a virtual environment. The realistic product modeling technique in [133] not only evoked experienced realism, but also influenced 3D authenticity and vividness, or the consumer's simulated experience, according to Figure 4. Furthermore, telepresence was enhanced by product customization techniques that can increase object interactivity, which can be inferred from Figures 7 and 8.