# Computer-Assisted Screening for Cervical Cancer Using Digital Image Processing of Pap smear Images
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Features Extraction  
After the cells' segmentation stage, the next stage was features extraction. In this stage, the important features, texture, shape, and color features were extracted. Texture features were obtained using the gray level co-occurrence matrix. In the cervical Pap smear image, healthy and abnormal cells were highly different in their distributions of color and shape [37]. Therefore, we extracted features of shape and color. The extracted texture features were contrast, smoothness, third moment, uniformity, and entropy for RGB channels [38]. The color-based features were mean of six color channels (red, green, and blue) and H, S, and V channels (hue, saturation, and value) that were extracted independently from RGB and HSV model. The extracted features' names of nuclei and cytoplasm are shown in Table 11.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Nuclei Features (35)** & **No.** & **Cytoplasm Features (35)** \\ \hline N1 & Nucleus’s area & C1 & Cytoplasm’s area \\ \hline N2 & Nucleus’s major axis length & C2 & Cytoplasm’s major axis length \\ \hline N3 & Nucleus’s minor axis length & C3 & Cytoplasm’s minor axis length \\ \hline N4 & Nucleus’s eccentricity & C4 & Cytoplasm’s eccentricity \\ \hline N5 & Nucleus’s orientation & C5 & Cytoplasm’s orientation \\ \hline N6 & Nucleus’s equivalent diameter & C6 & Cytoplasm’s equivalent diameter \\ \hline N7 & Nucleus’s solidity & C7 & Cytoplasm’s solidity \\ \hline N8 & Nucleus’s extent & C8 & Cytoplasm’s extent \\ \hline N9 & Nucleus’s compactness & C9 & Cytoplasm’s compactness \\ \hline N10 & Nucleus’s short diameter & C10 & Cytoplasm’s short diameter \\ \hline N11 & Nucleus’s long diameter & C11 & Cytoplasm’s long diameter \\ \hline N12 & Nucleus’s elongation & C12 & Cytoplasm’s elongation \\ \hline N13 & Nucleus’s roundness & C13 & Cytoplasm’s roundness \\ \hline N14 & Nucleus’s perimeter & C14 & Cytoplasm’s perimeter \\ \hline N15 & Nucleus’s position & C15 & Nucleus to cytoplasm ratio \\ \hline N16 & Nucleus’s maximum number & C16 & Cytoplasm’s maximum number \\ \hline N17 & Nucleus’s minimum number & C17 & Cytoplasm’s minimum number \\ \hline N18 & Nucleus’s average intensity in R & C18 & Cytoplasm’s average intensity in R \\ \hline N19 & Nucleus’s average intensity in G & C19 & Cytoplasm’s average intensity in G \\ \hline N20 & Nucleus’s average intensity in B & C20 & Cytoplasm’s average intensity in B \\ \hline N21 & Nucleus’s average intensity in H & C21 & Cytoplasm’s third moment in H \\ \hline N22 & Nucleus’s average intensity in S & C22 & Cytoplasm’s uniformity in S \\ \hline N23 & Nucleus’s average intensity in V & C23 & Cytoplasm’s entropy in V \\ \hline N24 & Nucleus’s contrast & C24 & Cytoplasm’s contrast \\ \hline N25 & Nucleus’s local homogeneity & C25 & Cytoplasm’s local homogeneity \\ \hline N26 & Nucleus’s correlation & C26 & Cytoplasm’s correlation \\ \hline N27 & Nucleus’s cluster shape & C27 & Cytoplasm’s cluster shape \\ \hline N28 & Nucleus’s cluster prominence & C28 & Cytoplasm’s cluster prominence \\ \hline N29 & Nucleus’s maximum probability & C29 & Cytoplasm’s maximum probability \\ \hline N30 & Nucleus’s energy & C30 & Cytoplasm’s energy \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 11: The descriptions of nuclei and cytoplasm features’ names.