###### Abstract
[14] found that tomato yield increased by 10% using a drip irrigation system under the conditions of 50% and 55% lower water and nitrogen fertilizer applications, respectively, compared to common farming practices. Additionally, drip irrigation systems have the benefit of reducing water and N supplies while increasing water and N use efficiency as opposed to furrow irrigation systems [15]. Due to the mentioned benefits, microirrigation technology has been widely used for different crops, including broccoli [16], sugar beet [3], cucumber [17], eggplant [15], potato [18], and tomato [19]. However, the task of irrigation remains a challenge for producers. This problem can be addressed using IoT-based technology in monitoring and controlling irrigation systems. Employing IoT technologies in irrigation operations not only reduces labor requirements but also saves water by up to 90% compared with traditional irrigation practices [20]. Moreover, IoT technologies incorporating soil moisture sensors have significant potential using Arduino microcontrollers. Soil moisture reading systems with capacitive sensors connected to microcontrollers have been used in monitoring networks with LoRa (Long Range) transmission from real-time evaluation of soil permeability [21; 22]. IoT-based technologies make the challenging task of irrigation easier and more precise by employing low-cost sensors and controlling modules. The system can help to obtain a precise measurement of soil moisture in the plant root zone and apply the required proportion of water at the right time. Water stress may damage metabolic processes and photosynthetic apparatuses, leading to a decrease in crop growth [23]. [PERSON] et al. [24] found that water stress conditions can permanently damage plant growth by disrupting root and stem development and by reducing the width and number of leaves. With the presence of limited water in the root zone, plants undergo a chemical environmental change in their roots, which impacts the rate of photosynthesis [25]. On the other hand, applying an excess of water adversely affects the active oxygen metabolism of plants, which affects the photosynthetic proportion, developmental stages of plants, and crop production [26]. [PERSON] et al. [27] studied drip irrigation scheduling for tomatoes in a greenhouse and found that pan crop coefficients of 0.9 and 1.1 had no significant impact on yield. Thus, applying the correct threshold at the right time is vital for reasonable tomato production. The amount and timing of irrigation is determined through a process called irrigation scheduling. Weighing [28; 29] and modified Penman-Monteith approaches are the common irrigation scheduling methods for indoor tomato production. These methods are quite challengingdue to labor, the large amount of data requirements, and being time-consuming, which make them impractical most of the time. Additionally, most studies focused on other stages of tomato, such as vegetative, flowering, and total yield [30; 31; 32], and usually overlooked the seedling and germination stage, which is the most crucial stage of tomato growth since this stage will impact other stages of tomato, including total yields. Thus, under the scenario of growing water scarcity, climate change, and labor shortage, developing and employing efficient irrigation technology that runs based on cost-effective and user-friendly soil moisture sensor feedback are the key to quality and higher tomato production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a precise irrigation system to minimize water losses and determine the correct threshold for soil moisture content in an irrigation system for growing and transplanting seedlings from indoor to outdoor conditions.