## 1 Introduction  
The integration of digital technologies within educational paradigms is revolutionizing traditional teaching methodologies, fostering more interactive and engaging learning experiences [1]. Among these innovations, Virtual Reality (VR) stands out due to its capacity to create immersive and realistic environments that engage students more effectively than traditional methods [2]. This study explores the use of VR as a dynamic interface between humans and machines within educational settings, specifically targeting the instruction of direct current electrical circuits across various educational levels [3]. Emerging technologies such as virtual reality have become a significant topic of contemporary academic discussion due to their valuable contributions to teaching and learning processes [4, 5]. These technologies are emerging as innovative approaches that break away from classic teaching methods and offer active and engaging learning environments for students and professionals in the field of electricity [6, 7]. Thus, the emerging technology that was explored in this study is virtual reality, which, from a theoretical perspective, is defined as a human-machine interface that allows users to experience an immersive environment through 3-dimensional graphic simulations aimed at entering the metaverse [8]. This technology provides a realistic interaction with the content [9]. In this sense, this study aimed to develop a didactic strategy based on virtual reality video games for teaching the fundamentals of direct current electrical circuits in secondary, technical, and higher education. These tools are increasingly used to prevent electrical accidents, such as those occurring in substation control [10]. Virtual reality offers an interactive platform that significantly enhances the comprehension of complex scientific concepts through three-dimensional simulations. This immersive experience not only improves understanding but also increases student motivation and engagement, thereby making the learning process more appealing and effective. Despite initial barriers such as high costs and limited technological accessibility, recent advancements have rendered VR tools more accessible, spurring renewed interest and expanded research into their potential educational benefits [11; 12]. The transformative impact of VR extends beyond mere visualization; it changes pedagogical approaches in science and technology education [13]. By enabling students to interact with virtual objects, VR facilitates a hands-on approach that is particularly advantageous in fields such as electrical engineering, where theoretical concepts can be abstract and difficult to grasp [14; 15]. Research indicates that VR can significantly reduce cognitive load, providing a more intuitive understanding of complex theories [16; 17]. Moreover, the inclusion of VR in educational settings enhances inclusivity and accessibility, catering to diverse learning needs and styles [18]. Studies have shown that VR's multisensory, immersive environments are particularly beneficial for students with learning disabilities, helping them engage with content in ways that are often unachievable through conventional methods [19; 20]. Recent studies underscore VR's expanding role across various disciplines. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [21] demonstrated how VR platforms could simulate complex engineering tests like concrete compression, enhancing student familiarity with potentially hazardous equipment in a risk-free environment. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [22] utilized VR for training in ultrasonic non-destructive testing, showing that VR not only reduces training costs but also prevents the risks associated with handling real equipment. These applications highlight VR's potential to transcend traditional educational boundaries, offering a versatile tool for both theoretical and practical instruction.