## 2 Materials and Methods
### Related Works
#### 2.2.2 Structural Health Monitoring in Aviation  
Over the past few decades, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) has garnered significant attention from researchers with the aim of developing aircraft that are lighter, safer, and more environmentally friendly. Essentially, SHM seeks to mitigate or eliminate the need for conventional design compromises, such as safety knockdown factors and routine inspections, thereby achieving more cost-efficient maintenance processes [12]. Despite its potential, the adoption of SHM in the industry remains limited, largely due to concerns about the accuracy of reliability assessments and the tangible benefits it offers to the aviation sector. Addressing the reliability of SHM techniques involves close cooperationbetween SHM specialists and reliability experts [13], while understanding its benefits necessitates a comprehensive, multidisciplinary analysis that examines the impact of SHM on aircraft operations and outlines a strategy for its effective implementation.  
Recent studies have shown the value of on-condition maintenance strategies for identifying damage [14] and predicting the remaining useful life of aircraft components [15], which could significantly reduce operational and lifecycle management costs. This is particularly relevant for composite materials, which can sustain damage that is difficult to detect through visual inspection alone, such as delamination caused by high interlaminar shear stresses [16; 17; 18]. Consequently, aircraft design now often incorporates damage tolerance principles, prioritizing the detection and management of damage over traditional safety-by-design and fail-safe approaches [19; 20; 21].  
The integration of SHM is poised to transform maintenance practices for composite components by enabling the early detection of damage that could otherwise compromise safety. However, reliance solely on visual inspection limits the ability to detect smaller damages, necessitating the definition of acceptable damage limits to ensure structural integrity under operational loads [22]. The promise of SHM extends beyond composite damage, offering potential improvements in the detection and management of various structural issues, thus potentially reducing maintenance costs and downtime while enhancing safety [23].  
Nevertheless, the effective implementation of SHM systems requires a thorough understanding of their reliability characteristics. Studies such as those by [PERSON] et al. [24] and others [25; 26] have explored methods to optimize maintenance schedules and reduce costs through reliability-based approaches. Yet, translating these solutions to practical benefits at the aircraft level remains a challenge, with limited research directly addressing the quantifiable advantages of SHM in aviation [27; 28].  
While SHM promises to streamline aircraft maintenance and improve operational efficiency, its practical application faces hurdles including the need for accurate cost-benefit analysis, standardization for certification, clear requirement definitions, and decision-support tools [29; 30; 31]. The potential weight savings and design optimization facilitated by SHM systems suggest significant benefits, yet the actual implementation within the aircraft lifecycle is constrained by these challenges. This work aims to bridge the gap in the literature by conducting a multidisciplinary analysis to evaluate the impact of SHM on aircraft operations, ultimately guiding the integration of SHM technologies in the aviation industry.