## 1 Introduction
### Features of Fires of Organic Compounds
#### 1.1.2 Consequences of the Combustion of Organic Substances on the Environment  
Undoubtedly, uncontrolled spontaneous phenomena, such as fires of organic substances, lead, in consequence, to significant material and immaterial losses, threatening the health and lives of humans and animals, including the entire ecosystem. As an exemplification of the negative impact on the environment, the fact that about 20% of total CO\({}_{2}\) emissions into the Earth's atmosphere are a consequence of fires can be used. Nowadays, fire protection uses, depending on the class of fire, various chemicals or liquids to interrupt the combustion reaction [39; 40]. At the same time, the burning of various polymer compounds contributes to the appearance of additional dangerous compounds in the environment. The presence in their structure of a large number of repeating units (several tens-several thousands, etc.) of a monomer product, which can also have a complex structure (ether, acid, alkyl, etc. ), the presence of aromatic, double, and triple bonds, and atoms of inorganic components (nitrogen, sulfur, halogens, phosphorus, etc. ), depending on the combustion conditions, will contribute to the rupture of the polymer chain in different places and the products of their incomplete oxidation can vary significantly. Accordingly, it is possible to form a larger number of pollutants, as well as products of their further interaction with each other. Another risk factor is the presence in polymers of auxiliary substances, such as fire retardants, plasticizers, dyes, etc. ; substances that determine the characteristics of this type of polymer plastic. Their combustion will also contribute to the formation of additional pollutants. The prevention of combustion and the rapid extinguishing of fires of these substances is one of the ways to prevent the release of their decomposition products into the environment, and thus help to minimize its pollution. The main toxic compounds are carbon oxides, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, phenol, some aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic compounds [41]. In this context, research on the influence of various components on the process of extinguishing flames plays an important role [37; 38; 39; 40; 41]. Table 1 presents the impact of some combustion products of organic matter on humans and the environment. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Combustion Product** & **Impact** & **References** \\ \hline Carbon monoxide (CO) & Causes shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache in humans, death is possible & [42] \\ \hline Carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)) & Causes nausea, dizziness, blurred vision, loss of consciousness, respiratory acidosis & [43] \\ \hline Ammonia ((NH\({}_{3}\)) & Irritates mucous membranes, causes coughing, lacrimation and cell necrosis, pulmonary edema, and death & [43] \\ \hline Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)(phenols, aldehydes, ketones, etc.) & Causes cancer in humans, genotoxicity & [44] \\ \hline Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) & Paralyzes the respiratory system, causing tissue respiration disorders & [42] \\ \hline Hydrogen chloride (HCl) & Causes acid rain. Causes irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes in humans & [42; 44] \\ \hline Phosphine (HF) & Causes irritation of mucous membranes and damage to the human nervous system, very toxic & [42] \\ \hline Nitrogen oxide (NO) & Causes coughing, vomiting, shortness of breath, cyanosis, cardiovascular failure in humans & [42; 44] \\ \hline Sulfur dioxide (SO\({}_{2}\)) & Causes acid rain, negatively affects plants and animals. In humans, it causes spasm and swelling of the larynx & [44; 45] \\ \hline Nitrogen dioxide (NO\({}_{2}\)) & Causes acid rain. Irritates mucous membranes, causes respiratory diseases, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema & [44; 45] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Impact of the main products of combustion of organic substances on the environment and humans.