# Converging Telco-Grade Solutions 5G and beyond to Support Production in Industry 4.0
## 4 5G Functions and Features to Support the Information Flow within Industry 4.0  
Production companies around the world are vigorously adopting smart manufacturing and have started integrating 5G-related technologies in the industrial field. Beside making production lines flexible and efficient, the general aim is to improve safety and reduce maintenance costs, as well. The goal of smart manufacturing is to design an intelligent factory capable of self-sensing, completing complex calculations, processing data, synchronization, and independently establishing cooperation between devices. In addition, the best decision to complete complex operations can be taken without human intervention [58]. 5G-related technologies, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Approach** & **Abstraction** & **Code Generation** & **Real-Time Models** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Papyrus [27]} & UML use case diagram, SysML requirements diagram, Extension of MARTTE & Automatic code generation to Prismtech’s Vortex and MicroEJ & Using development-time models to supervise running system states \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Eclipse 4 diac [30]} & Function Block Diagram, Execution Control Chart, Structured Text & Generating C++ code, which can be included in the 4 diac FORTE development process & Monitoring the data and event variables of function blocks at runtime \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Eclipse Votto [31]} & Graphical DSL, Textual DSL & Device information models are based on EMF, which empowers code generators to generate code in any language & Not supported \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{FRASAD [32]} & Rule-based model, Textual DSL & Takes the model as input and automatically generates code for the selected target platform & Not supported \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ThingML [33]} & & Abstract framework and a set of ready-made generators for three languages, several libraries and platforms. Generating communication and message exchange between components on different platforms & Not supported \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{IoTA-MD [37]} & Domain model, Information Derspective model, QoS mode & Not supported & Not supported \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{AutoloT [39]} & & Generation of ready-to-use IoT server-side applications through internal model-to-model and model-to-text transformations & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Approach based on MagicDraw [41]} & SysML profile for Arrowhead SoS design & Generating JSON, which can be imported into the Arrowhead Management Tool & Validation module based on VIATRA to check rules both design and runtime \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of MDE-to-IoT approaches. combined with artificial intelligence solutions, cloud/fog computing and the Industrial IoT (IIoT) will achieve a new integrated smart business ecosystem [59] in the near future. Well-known estimations from Ericsson is that around 4.1 billion cellular connected IoT devices will use 5G technology by the end of 2024 [60] and 4.4 billion by the end of 2027 [61]. The International Telecommunication Union Radio-communication Bureau (ITU-R) has defined three main 5G application scenarios [62]. These are enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) for high-bandwidth demanding services (e.g., augmented/virtual reality, distance education, online 4K HD video, etc. ); ultra-reliable low-latency communication (uRLLC) for densely connected devices requirement (e.g., industrial automation, intelligent storage and transportation, smart cities, etc. ); and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) for delay-sensitive services (e.g., mission-critical application, self-driving car, etc.). In general, those 5G capabilities that make eMBB, mMTC, and uRLLC possible not only enhance the endpoint density, throughput, and latency requirements of the Industrial Internet of Things but also make it more efficient, reliable, and stable. 6G functions and features are not yet defined at this stage; rather, the requirements and visions are defined [63; 64].