## 3 Results and Discussion
#### 3.1.4 Phenolics and Cinnamic Acid Derivatives  
In total, 15 glycosylated and/or acylated derivatives of phenolic and cinnamic acids were eluted at Rt. 8-16 min. in peaks 23-38 (Table 1). MSn ions for cinnamic acid derivatives were evidenced at \(m/z\) 179, C\({}_{9}\)H\({}_{7}\)O\({}_{4}\)\({}^{-}\), \(m/z\) 161, C\({}_{9}\)H\({}_{5}\)O\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) and \(m/z\) 135, C\({}_{8}\)H\({}_{7}\)O\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-}\) for caffeoyl, \(m/z\) 193, C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{9}\)O\({}_{4}\)\({}^{-}\) and \(m/z\) 175, C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{7}\)O\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) for feruloyl, \(m/z\) 223, C\({}_{11}\)H\({}_{11}\)O\({}_{5}\)\({}^{-}\) and \(m/z\) 205, C\({}_{11}\)H\({}_{9}\)O\({}_{4}\)\({}^{-}\) for sinapoyl moieties (Table 1). While sinapic acid derivatives were detected in cucumber only, bottle gourd extract was exclusively enriched with conjugates of phenyl and caffeoyl or feruloyl glycosides (Figure S3-S5) that appeared in negative MN grouped in cluster J (Figure 2) and were identified in peaks 28, 29, 31-33 and 35-38 (Table 1). Such conjugates are reported herein for the first time in the genus _Lagenaria_ based on the diagnostic peaks at \(m/z\) 123, C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{7}\)O\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-}\) and \(m/z\) 105, C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{5}\)O\({}^{-}\) for hydroxymethylphenyl fragments or \(m/z\) 137, C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{5}\)O\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) and \(m/z\) 93, C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{5}\)O\({}^{-}\) for hydroxybenzoic acid fragments, or \(m/z\) 139, C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{7}\)O\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) and \(m/z\) 121, C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{5}\)O\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-}\) for dihydroxymethoxybenzene fragments (Figure S3-S5). Hexosyl moieties in peaks 32, 37, and 38 (Table 1) were additionally acylatedwith malonic acid (C\({}_{3}\)H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\), 86 amu), which is known to improve the biological effects of phenolics [20].  
For example, peak 35 detected in bottle gourd at [M-H]\({}^{-}\) 461.1449, C\({}_{23}\)H\({}_{25}\)O\({}_{10}\)\({}^{-}\) was identified as hydroxymethylphenyl-O-feruloyl-O-hexoside fragmented into \(m/z\) 337, C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{17}\)O\({}_{8}\)\({}^{-}\) post losing hydroxymethylphenyl moiety, \(m/z\) 193, C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{9}\)O\({}_{4}\)\({}^{-}\) for ferulic acid and its dehydrated and demethylated fragments at \(m/z\) 175, C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{7}\)O\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) and \(m/z\) 160, respectively, whereas ions at \(m/z\) 123, C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{7}\)O\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-}\) and \(m/z\) 105, C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{5}\)O\({}^{-}\) were detected for hydroxymethylphenyl ion and its dehydrated form, respectively (Figures S3 and S4). The node of peak 35 in negative MN was directly connected to molecular ion [M-H]\({}^{-}\) 547.1452 in peak 38 at C\({}_{26}\)H\({}_{27}\)O\({}_{13}\)\({}^{-}\) having an extra C\({}_{3}\)H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) (malonyl, 86 amu), and thus identified as hydroxymethylphenyl-O-feruloyl-O-malonylhexoside, which, in turn, was connected to [M-H]\({}^{-}\) 709.1985, C\({}_{32}\)H\({}_{37}\)O\({}_{18}\)\({}^{-}\) having an additional C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{10}\)O\({}_{5}\)\({}^{-}\) (hexosyl, 162 amu), and hence identified as hydroxymethylphenyl-O-hexosylferuloyl-O-malonylhexoside, aided by the necessary MSn ions and their predicted formulae to confirm their identification (Table 1). Little information is available on the bioactivities of such acylated conjugates and how they contribute to _L. siceraria_ health effects; thus, further studies are required to explore their potential pharmacological effect.