# Reality-Virtuality Technologies in the Field of Materials Science and Engineering
## 3 Results
### Features of the Applications and Description
* Work 17: _Visualization of Higher Genus Carbon Nanomaterials: Free Energy, Persistent Current, and Entanglement Entropy_[49]  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] described a procedure that aims to explore carbon nanomaterials and some of their chemical and electrical properties. The procedure described in this work allows, through 3D modeling and programming, to visualize in 3D the atomic structure of nanomaterials (such as double rings or nanotorus) and a graphic representation of some of their properties such as free energy, persistent current or entanglement entropy. * Work 18: _A Virtual Reality Visualization Tool for Three-Dimensional Biomedical Nanostructures_[50]  
[PERSON] et al. reported a procedure that consists of scanning synthetic polymeric nanofibrous membranes with a scanning electron microscope and subsequently obtaining a 3D model of them. This 3D model can then be viewed using VR to facilitate analysis of the structural properties of these membranes. In this way, the porosity, density, and average diameters of each fiber of nanofibrous membranes can be analyzed more accurately and the mechanical properties of the material can be better described from the point of view of the cell-materials interactions. This paper shows that this procedure was used in the manufacturing process of the skin substitute. * Work 19: _Can Virtual Reality Enhance Learning: A Case Study in Materials Science_[51]  
[PERSON] et al. presented a methodology that allows students to make drawings on 3D models of atomic arrangements to learn concepts related to crystallographic networks (particularly the structure of fundamental unit cells such as body-centered cubic or face-centered cubic) using immersive VR. * Work 20: _Evaluation of Scientific Workflow Effectiveness for a Distributed Multi-User Multi-Platform Support System for Collaborative Visualization_[52]  
[PERSON] et al. reported a collaborative system that allows various users who are in different locations to simultaneously view the same set of virtual objects. Additionally, users may display these using different systems (e.g., during a given co-viewing session, one user may use an HMD while another may use a CAVE system). This paper describes the use of this system to visualize and analyze a graphite billet. * Work 21: _Remote and Virtual Labs for Engineering Education 4.0: Achievements of the ELLI Project at the TUI Dortmund University_[53]  
[PERSON] et al. presented a virtual laboratory through which students can learn about different material tests, such as tensile or cupping tests. This virtual laboratory allows access to a 3D environment that recreates a room in which material tests are carried out. In it, the user must configure the test parameters to view a pre-run associated finite element method (FEM) simulation. In addition, the user can visualize pre-run FEM simulations, isolated from any environment or machine, corresponding to different tensile tests, using a mobile device or an HMD. * Work 22: _Use of Mixed Reality Tools in Introductory Materials Science Courses_[54]  
[PERSON] et al. reported an application that uses MR to facilitate the teaching of crystallography. Using Holo Lens glasses, the user can explore MR 3D models of unit cells using different viewing options, either by moving himself around the room and orienting his face towards the virtual position occupied by each network (which is displayed on the real scenario in which the user finds himself) or by rotating the crystallographic networks themselves. In addition, the application has a module that allows the user to represent crystallographic planes by entering Miller indices. * Work 23: _A Framework for Visualizing the Dynamic Events of Carbon Nanocomposites Using Virtual and Augmented Reality Tools_[55]  
[PERSON] et al. presented a framework that uses VR and AR to make it easier for users to visualize and understand simulations involving nanocomposites. This work describes an application of this framework that allows visualizing how carbon-nanocomposites react during oxidation.