## 3 Materials and Methods
Aggregate interference was calculated using the expression below [19]:  
\[\frac{I}{N}[\text{dB}]=10\log_{10}\left(\text{Pr}_{\text{BS}\_\text{TDD}}\sum_ {i}10^{\frac{I_{\text{BS}}(i)}{10}}+\text{Pr}_{\text{UE}\_\text{TDD}}\sum_{j}1 0^{\frac{I_{\text{UE}}(i)}{10}}\right)-(D+NF+10\log(B)) \tag{3}\]  
where, \(I_{\text{BS}}\) (\(i\)) and \(I_{\text{UE}}\) (\(j\)) are the interference from \(i\)th active IMT BS or \(j\)th active UE to the FS receiver, respectively (dBm); \(P_{\text{FBS}\_\text{TDD}}\) is the TDD activity factor of the IMT BS; \(P_{\text{UE}\_\text{TDD}}\) is the TDD activity factor of the UE; \(D\) is receiver noise power density (dBm/Hz); \(NF\) is receiver noise figure (dB), \(B\) is receiver channel bandwidth (Hz). The Figure 7 below shows the example of interference calculation from one of the beams of 5G BS at one simulation event and calculating aggregate interference. Figure 6: Example of SEAMCAT simulation between IMT-2020 and FS station (**a**) interference modeling from BS 5G; (**b**) interference modeling from UE 5G. Wanted signal of the FS station receiver can be calculated by the following Equation [19]:  
Figure 2:0  
where, \(P_{FSTx}\) is the transmitted power of the FS transmitter (dBm), \(G_{FSTx}\) is the transmit antenna gain of the FS transmitter towards FS receiver (dBi), \(G_{FSTx}\) is the receive antenna gain of the FS receiver towards the FS transmitter (dBi), \(L_{p}\) is the propagation loss from the FS transmitter to FS receiver (dB) \(L_{xpr}\) is the polarization loss (dB) and \(A_{fading}\) is loss due to fading effects. Total \(C/I\) taking into account aggregate interference from 5G BS and UE can be calculated using the following equation [19]:  
Figure 2:1  
where, \(C_{FS}\) is wanted signal of the FS station (dBm); \(I_{\text{BS}}\) (\(i\)), \(I_{\text{UE}}\) (\(j\)) is the interference from \(i\)th active IMT BS or \(j\)th active UE to the FS receiver, respectively (dBm); \(P_{\text{P}\text{S}\_{T}\text{DD}}\) is the TDD activity factor of the IMT BS, \(P_{\text{UE}\_{T}\text{DD}}\) is the TDD activity factor of the UE. When calculating interference from 5G Uplink, power control for the UE was implemented. Power control is a significant technical feature of IMT systems. The uplink cell capacity in OFDMA-based systems is constrained by interference levels from other UEs. UE power output levels are adjusted to maintain minimum interference and to ensure cell edge coverage. Power control can be combined with frequency-domain resource allocation strategies to enhance cell edge performance as well as improve spectral efficiency. The following algorithm was used to implement power control [20; 21]:  
Figure 2:2  
Figure 2:3 Example of interference calculation at one snapshot (**a**) Single-entry interference calculation; (**b**) Aggregate interference calculation. where, \(P_{PUSCH}\) is transmit power of the terminal (dBm), \(P_{CMAX}\) is maximum transmit power (dBm), \(M_{PUSCH}\) is number of allocated resource blocks (RBs), \(P_{0\_PUSCH}\) is power per RB used target value (dBm), \(\alpha\) is balancing factor for UEs with bad channel and UEs with good channel, PL is path loss for the UE from its serving BS (dB).