## 2 Proposed Circuit and Operating Modes  
The circuit arrangement of the suggested topology is illustrated in Figure 6. This circuit is a modified form of our developed frequency step-up controller, which is discussed in [25]. The realization of the proposed circuit is achieved with the usage of six fast recovery diodes (\(D_{1}\) to \(D_{6}\)) and four high switching transistors (\(Q_{1}\) to \(Q_{4}\)). The switching transistors \(Q_{1}\) and \(Q_{3}\) operate at a low frequency (output or input frequency) while transistors \(Q_{2}\) and \(Q_{4}\) operate at a high switching frequency (in the kilohertz range). The power quality of the source and load sides is ensured by employing input and output capacitors. The inductor between the diodes and transistor circuits acts not only as a filtering or energy-storing element but also eliminates the possible shorting of the input or output capacitors. It also avoids the paralleling of the input and output capacitors. Therefore, the problem of possible shoot-through that may develop due to inherent turn-off delays of the high-frequency switching transistors is solved. For example, switching transistors \(Q_{1}\) and \(Q_{4}\) are connected in series and may operate in a complementary way. There is the possibility that \(Q_{4}\) may turn on before the \(Q_{1}\) turns off. In this case, the series-connected inductor (\(L\)) prevents the short-circuiting of the input source. The same is also true for transistors \(Q_{3}\) and \(Q_{4}\). The current through the series inductor is always unidirectional, and its interruption is avoided with a proper control arrangement developed for the switching of the four transistors. In the same way, the possible shorting of the output capacitor (\(C_{o}\)) is eliminated by connecting the diode  
Figure 5: AC voltage controller reported in [20].  
\(D_{5}\) in series with transistor \(Q_{4}\) and diode \(D_{6}\) in series with transistor \(Q_{2}\). This connection arrangement ensures the reverse blocking of the body diodes of the switching transistors \(Q_{4}\) and \(Q_{2}\). There is no need to connect the series diodes with switching transistor \(Q_{1}\) and \(Q_{3}\) to ensure the reverse biasing of their body diodes. Here, the polarity of the output capacitor will perform this task. For example, once the switching transistor \(Q_{1}\) is on and \(Q_{3}\) is off, the negative terminal of the output capacitor is connected to the anode of the body diode of the switching transistor \(Q_{3}\). The same is also true once the switching transistor \(Q_{3}\) is on and transistor \(Q_{1}\) is off. The suggested topology and its non-inverting and inverting voltage boost capabilities are detailed in the next section with the help of voltage control schemes and power transfer loops.  
The regulated non-inverted and inverted output voltage is a mandatory requirement for stabilizing the load voltage during the problem of voltage sag and swell. The voltage of the output compensator must be added and subtracted from the load voltage in the event of voltage sag and swell issues, respectively. This requires non-inverting and inverting outputs with voltage-regulated characteristics. The diode bridge converts the sinusoidal input to its absolute form, while the transistor bridge ensures the regulated sinusoidal voltage at the output. The required regulated AC output is ensured with the switching of four transistors (\(Q_{1}\) to \(Q_{4}\)). The inductor (\(L\)) and output capacitor (\(C_{o}\)) are passive energy-storing elements, so they may be employed as state variables to explore the dynamic behavior.