## 2 Construction Aspects for Energy Performance Improvement
### Location and Orientation
These sensors collect data in various ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, which are then processed to generate images that reveal information about land use, vegetation, water resources, and other environmental conditions. The analysis of these images allows you to monitor changes, identify trends, and evaluate natural resources, providing a basis for environmental planning and management. However, the usefulness of this information for detailed analysis may be limited by the spatial resolution of the images and the frequency with which they are updated, which may not capture fine details or rapid changes in the environment [21; 22]. Climate Analysis is performed by collecting historical and current weather data, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed, and applying these data to climate models to predict environmental conditions in a specific area. These models consider the interaction between various atmospheric and geographic factors to simulate future climate. While climate models offer valuable insight into overall climate trends and aid in greenhouse location decision-making, they can struggle to capture site-specific microclimate variations, which are crucial for accurate agricultural planning [23; 24]. To choose the location of a greenhouse in a simplified way, sun exposure, the topography of the land, access to water, and soil quality are evaluated. It is also important to consider ease of access for transportation, check local regulations, and estimate construction and operating costs. Expert consultations can offer additional insights to avoid common mistakes, thus balancing practical and economic factors without the need for complex analyses. This method may not capture important microclimatic variations and underestimate the complexity of crop-specific needs. The relevance of these factors is supported by studies such as [PERSON] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018), which emphasize the importance of optimized solar design for greenhouses based on specific climatic conditions, and [PERSON] et al. (2018), which experimentally validate dynamic models to predict indoor environmental variables in semi-solar greenhouses. These studies provide a solid scientific basis for simplified greenhouse site selection criteria, highlighting the intersection between sustainable agricultural practices and energy efficiency. The orientation of the greenhouse in relation to the sun is crucial to maximize sun exposure, which is essential for photosynthesis. In the Northern Hemisphere, the ideal orientation is to the south, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it is to the north, aiming to capture the maximum amount of sunlight in the cold months ([PERSON], 2018; [PERSON], 2018), (see Figures 2 and 3). In addition, proper guidance can improve natural ventilation and prevent overheating, contributing to an optimal indoor microclimate, which is vital for optimal crop development ([PERSON], 2018; [PERSON], 2018). Comparative studies highlight that an east-west orientation can offer significant energy savings, highlighting the importance of careful planning of greenhouse orientation ([PERSON], 2018; [PERSON], 2018). This strategic orientation not only optimizes sunlight harvesting but also photosynthetic efficiency and thermal control, which are fundamental for the success of agricultural production in controlled environments. The use of Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has proven to be effective in selecting optimal locations and orientation for greenhouses, considering environmental, geophysical, and socioeconomic criteria ([PERSON], 2018; [PERSON], 2018). In many areas of research, the Fuzzy-DEcision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (F-DEMATEL) methodology has been used, because it allows to complement these analyses by optimizing the selection of sites for energy efficiency ([PERSON], 2018).