## 6 Use of _Lemma minor_ in Animal Feed
### Lemma minor in Aquaculture
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Country**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fish Species**} & **Inclusion Levels** & **Feed** & **Recommended** & **Ref.** \\  & & **of _L. minor_ in the** & **Stategy** & **Results** & **Inclusion Level** & **Ref.** \\  & & **Diet** & & & **in the Diet** & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{India} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Labeo rohita_} & \multirow{2}{*}{22.1\%} & Dried _L. minor_ was & The level of inclusion did & \multirow{2}{*}{up to 30\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{[40]} \\  & & combined with & & not affect the growth of & & \\  & & fishpanel at 1:1 ratio. & the fish (\(p<0.05\)) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Indonesia} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Orochromis_ & \multirow{2}{*}{_niloticus_} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.5\%, 5\% and 7.5\%} & Fermented _L. minor_ as & Greater level of biomass & \multirow{2}{*}{2.5\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{[38]} \\  & & & substitution of & weight and feed & & \\  & & soybean meal & & utilization efficiency & & \\  & & & soybean meal & & (\(p<0.05\)). & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Indonesia} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Lates calcarifer_} & \multirow{2}{*}{15\%, 25\%, 35\% and 45\%} & Fermented _L. minor_ as & Good results in weight & \multirow{2}{*}{35\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{[39]} \\  & & and 45\% & substitution of & gain and protein efficiency & ratio (\(p<0.05\)). & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Italia} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Orochnychmus_ & \multirow{2}{*}{_mykiss_} & Dried _L. minor_ (flour) & \multirow{2}{*}{No adverse effects in fish 28\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{20\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{[3]} \\  & & as substitution of & & growth were observed & & \\  & & 28\% & & sources & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Nigeria} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Clarias gariepinus_} & \multirow{2}{*}{20\%, 40\%, 60\% and 80\%} & Ground _L. minor_ as & \multirow{2}{*}{substitution of fish 28\%} & Optimal growth results (\(p<0.05\)) were obtained. & 40\% & [54] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{India} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Cyprimus carpio_} & \multirow{2}{*}{5\%, 10\%, 15\% and 20\%} & Part of the soybean meal, wheat flour, and sunflower oil was & \multirow{2}{*}{Increased levels of final 28\%, protein, essential amino acids, and lipid content (\(p<0.05\)).} & \multirow{2}{*}{[52]} \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Kenya} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Orochromis_ & \multirow{2}{*}{5\%, 10\%, 15\% and 20\%} & Fishpanel and fish oil & \multirow{2}{*}{were substituted by dry ground _L. minor_.} & Increased levels of n-3 & \multirow{2}{*}{[45]} \\  & & & were substituted by & long-chain & \\  & & dry ground _L. minor_. & polyunsaturated fatty & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Taiwan} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Orochromis_ spp.} & \multirow{2}{*}{5\% and 10\%} & Feed pellets were & Increased weight gain and & \multirow{2}{*}{[31]} \\  & & substituted by dry & & protein efficiency ratio & \\  & & _L.minor_ & & (\(p<0.05\)). & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Nigeria} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Colosoma_ & \multirow{2}{*}{25\%, 50\%, 75\% and 100\%} & Substitution of & \multirow{2}{*}{50\% substitution of  soybean meal with _L. minor_ (flour) } & & \\  & & and visceral fish meal. & & weight gain (\(p<0.05\)). & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Summary of the use of _Lemma minor_ as feed in aquaculture.