## 3 Results
### Anatomical Remodeling  
Anatomical measurements of the PA are detailed in Table 2. Of the regions measured, only the MPA (AP: 32 \(\pm\) 6 mm vs. 30 \(\pm\) 4 mm, \(p\) = 0.050; RL: 32 \(\pm\) 6 mm vs. 28 \(\pm\) 3 mm, \(p\) = 0.005) and the RPA-AP (21 \(\pm\) 4 mm vs. 19 \(\pm\) 3 mm, \(p\) = 0.050) demonstrated dilatation in PHT patients. The LPA (AP: 20 \(\pm\) 4 mm vs. 19 \(\pm\) 4 mm, \(p\) = 0.370; CC: 21 \(\pm\) 4 mm vs. 19 \(\pm\) 3 mm, \(p\) = 0.226) and the RPA-CC (22 \(\pm\) 4 mm vs. 21 \(\pm\) 3 mm, \(p\) = 0.558) did not differ. The bifurcation distances of PHT patients were greater in the branches (LPA: 34 \(\pm\) 6 mm vs. 29 \(\pm\) 8 mm, \(p\) = 0.043; RPA: 34 \(\pm\) 5 mm vs. 27 \(\pm\) 6 mm, \(p\) < 0.001), but not the MPA (33 \(\pm\) 5 vs. 30 \(\pm\) 8 mm, \(p\) = 0.302) itself. Bifurcation angles did not differ (93 \(\pm\) 9 degrees vs. 98 \(\pm\) 15 degrees, \(p\) = 0.208).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline  & **Pulmonary Hypertension (\(\mathbf{t}\) = 17)** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Controls** \\ **(\(\mathbf{t}\) = 33)** \\ \end{tabular} & \(\mathbf{p}\)**-Value** \\ \hline Age (years) & 55 \(\pm\) 17 & 39 \(\pm\) 15 & 0.001 \\ Sex (\% female) & 76 & 31 & 0.002 \\ Height (m) & 1.64 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 1.73 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 0.023 \\ BSA (m\({}^{2}\)) & 1.88 \(\pm\) 0.28 & 1.92 \(\pm\) 0.34 & 0.643 \\ Weight (kg) & 78 \(\pm\) 18 & 79 \(\pm\) 21 & 0.791 \\ Heart Rate (ppm) & 76 \(\pm\) 16 & 66 \(\pm\) 11 & 0.016 \\ Systolic Blood & 114 \(\pm\) 15 & 110 \(\pm\) 16 & 0.396 \\ Pressure (mmHg) & & & \\ Dilastolic Blood & 65 \(\pm\) 10 & 63 \(\pm\) 15 & 0.638 \\ Pressure (mmHg) & & & \\ LVEF (\%) & 59 \(\pm\) 13 & 61 \(\pm\) 6 & 0.752 \\ LVEDV (ml) & 127 \(\pm\) 48 & 160 \(\pm\) 35 & 0.011 \\ LVESV (ml) & 58 \(\pm\) 42 & 66 \(\pm\) 23 & 0.381 \\ RVEGF (\%) & 55 \(\pm\) 30 & 56 \(\pm\) 7 & 0.878 \\ RVDV (ml) & 190 \(\pm\) 79 & 173 \(\pm\) 48 & 0.456 \\ RVESV (ml) & 106 \(\pm\) 72 & 77 \(\pm\) 28 & 0.152 \\ \(\beta-\)Blocker, \(n\) (\%) & 3 (18) & & \\ Calcium channel & 1 (6) & & \\ Distceaks, \(n\) (\%) & 5 (29) & & \\ Diuretics, \(n\) (\%) & 6 (35) & & \\ ACE inhibitor, \(n\) (\%) & 4 (24) & & \\ Statin, \(n\) (\%) & 2 (12) & & \\ Digoxin, \(n\) (\%) & 1 (6) & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Data are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD. SD: standard deviation. LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction. LVEDV: LV end-diastolic volume. LVESV: LV end-systolic volume. RVEF: right ventricle ejection fraction. RVEDV: RV end-diastolic volume. RVESV: RV end-systolic volume.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Demographic, cardiac function baseline, and medications.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline  & **Pulmonary Hypertension (\(\mathbf{t}\) = 17)** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Controls** \\ **(\(\mathbf{t}\) = 33)** \\ \end{tabular} & \(\mathbf{p}\)**-Value** \\ \hline LPA Diameter & & \\ AP (mm) & 20 \(\pm\) 4 & 19 \(\pm\) 4 & 0.37 \\ CC (mm) & 21 \(\pm\) 4 & 19 \(\pm\) 3 & 0.226 \\ MPA Diameter & & \\ AP (mm) & 32 \(\pm\) 6 & 30 \(\pm\) 4 & 0.05 \\ RL (mm) & 32 \(\pm\) 6 & 28 \(\pm\) 3 & 0.005 \\ RPA Diameter & & \\ AP (mm) & 21 \(\pm\) 4 & 19 \(\pm\) 3 & 0.05 \\ CC (mm) & 22 \(\pm\) 4 & 21 \(\pm\) 3 & 0.558 \\ Bifurcation Distance & & \\ MPA (mm) & 33 \(\pm\) 5 & 30 \(\pm\) 8 & 0.302 \\ LPA (mm) & 34 \(\pm\) 6 & 29 \(\pm\) 8 & 0.043 \\ RPA (mm) & 34 \(\pm\) 5 & 27 \(\pm\) 6 & <0.001 \\ Bifurcation Angle (deg) & 93 \(\pm\) 9 & 98 \(\pm\) 15 & 0.208 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Data are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD. SD: standard deviation. LPA: left pulmonary artery. MPA: main PA. RPA: right PA. deg: degrees. AP: anterior–posterior. CC: cranio-caudal.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Anatomical measurements.