## 4 Results  
A total of 402 maritime active seafarers have taken part in the research, with the working experience ranging from one to more than 20 years.  
The ECDIS EHO survey (Figure 4) has included answers from 269 respondents: 100 masters, 8 staff captains, 77 chief officers, 4 safety officers, 67 second officers, and 13 third officers. As for their active working experience, 5 categories have been defined: (i) the 6% respondents have had less than 5 years of working experience, (ii) 14% have had 5 to 10 years of experience, (iii) 40% have had experience from 10 to 20 years, (iv) 40% of respondents have had from 10 to 20 years of working experience, and (v) 37% of respondents have had more than 20 years of working experience. The remaining 3% have not specified this answer.  
The _HMI survey_ (Figure 5) has included answers from 133 respondents: 44 masters, 10 staff captains, 35 chief officers, 10 1 st officers navigation, 23 second officers, 8 third officers, and 3 undefined respondents. Active working experience of the participants has been divided into five categories: respondents with less than five years of working experience (12%), respondents from 5 to 10 years of working experience (27%), respondents from 10 to 15 years of working experience (27%), respondents from 15 to 20 years of working experience (15%), and respondents with more than 20 years of working experience (19%).  
Figure 4: Navigational ranks of _ECDIS EHO_ participants (left) and their sea experience (in years) (right). Source: Authors.  
During the transitional period, it has been noted that the _generic ECDIS certification_ from the participants in the _ECDIS EHO_ survey has increased from 61% to 100% in the _HMI survey_. The _type-specific (familiarization) ECDIS training_ certification has risen from 47% in the _ECDIS EHO_ survey to 90% in the _HMI survey_, as shown in Figure 6.  
The _ECDIS EHO_ participants have had an option to specify the system model on which they had attended the certification course. _Transas_ has been the most commonly utilized system for the generic training certification, while for the type-specific training certification, _SAM Electronics_ was the prevailing one.  
The total share of answers on (_Q1 EHO_) and (_Q2 HMI_) is shown in Figure 7, together with the trend of the respondents' opinions. In the _EHO_ research, there have been a few cases where participants have not given an answer, thus making a 4% share of all responses. In general, more than half (52%) of the respondents have agreed with the paper chart withdrawal from service if certain conditions have been met regarding the ECDIS system (_ECDIS EHO_). In comparison, almost 73% of the _HMI survey_ participants have agreed to the PNC removal. There has been a positive, increasing trend for more than 20% in favour of the PNC removal after the mandatory ECDIS implementation.  
Figure 6: Presentation of answers referring to the possession of the generic training certificate, type-specific training certificate, and both certificates according to _EHO_ (left) and _HMI_ survey (right) results. Source: Authors.  
Figure 7: _ECDIS EHO_ participants’ opinions regarding Paper Navigational Chart (PNC) removal (left), the trend of affirmative PNC removal answers (centre), and _HMI_ participants’ opinions regarding the necessity of the PNCs (right). Source: Authors.  
Despite all efforts, system modernization, professional certifications, training, and hands-on experience of the participants, there has still been a considerable share of the respondents (27%) who have favoured PNCs and traditional means of navigation and their opinions cannot be ruled out.