# Skin Cancer Metabolic Profile Assessed by Different Analytical Platforms
## 2 Omics Technologies  
\"Omics\" are branches of science that include the measurements of various disciplines such as metabolites (metabolomics), proteins (proteomics), genes (genomics), or lipids (lipidomics). The term \"Omics\" is derived from the Latin suffix \"ome\", meaning many. The number of these disciplines has increased dramatically with omics studies; however, the number of methodological and biological replicates have not increased in the same manner. Measurements are chemical markers that indicate biological events/endpoints, within the organisms [10]. Recent instrumental analytical approaches greatly impacted biomarker discovery research. The term \"biomarker\" indicates molecules that are representative of a specific biological state of an organism or cell. Recently, the search for chemical biomarkers for various diseases has become significant, with the routine analysis of biological samples looking for chemical markers beginning in earnest. Nowadays, the analysis of the substantial number of potential biomarkers rather than a few from a single sample has become possible with the methods developed by analytical chemists [11]. The goal of \"Omics\" studies is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of biological processes in order to recognize the different contributors (e.g., metabolites, proteins, genes, and RNA) rather than each one independently. Today, researchers consider looking for entire classes of biomarkers within an organism, aiming to form associations between their changes/complex interactions and biological events. In the future, the aim of \"Omics\" research might be to answer more complex questions and become a significant tool in drug development and diagnostics. To date, some complexity of the task is still present [10]. Notably, the medical field is in urgent need of identifying clinically reliable and useful biomarkers to detect cancers at both early and metastatic phases, and is eagerly awaiting biomarkers that can predict which patients with early-stage cancer will benefit the most from adjuvant therapy. In addition, it is critical that such biomarkers are sourced from easily available materials/fluids during the screening and diagnostic steps [11]. MS-based metabolomics and proteomics are promising analysis tools in cancer diagnosis because cancer cells have different metabolic pathways compared to normal healthy cells [12; 13]. Metabolism, or metabolic process, is an activity that happens in-vivo, unconsciously. This process produces or consumes small compounds called metabolites. Then, biochemical reactions regulated by proteins and genes in organisms can be described. Recently, the medical field is employing metabolomic studies which are becoming popular methods due to their accuracy to interpret and study the relationship between the pathophysiology of diseases and metabolites. Metabolomic analysis can be divided into two methods, targeted and non-targeted. In the targeted metabolomic method, biomarkers are pre-determined, and their presence is validated during the analysis. In contrast, the non-targeted metabolomic method is used to detect all metabolites in the sample with more resolution than the targeted method. In cancer metabolomic analysis, several samples can be used to discover cancer biomarkers such as saliva, plasma, urine, and breath [14].Currently, metabolomic analysis is being used to determine cancer biomarkers for diagnostic purposes to discover new targets and to study its complicated heterogeneous nature [15]. Metabolomics can accurately describe an organisms' current status and reflect accurately what has happened [16]. On the other hand, cancer biomarkers can also be identified using proteomic analysis. Like metabolomic analysis, proteomics can also be divided into targeted and non-targeted methods, which mainly includes protein separation and identification technologies [17]. Researchers study the structure and variations of protein content in cells and organisms in the case of human diseases [18].