# Effect of Magnetic and Electrical Fields on Yield, Shelf Life and Quality of Fruits
## 2 Effect of Magnetic Fields and Electrical Fields on the Growth, Development, and Yield of Fruit  
Research work on the effect of MF on the growth, development, and yield of fruit is reviewed and summarised in Table 1. The results obtained are divided into the following areas depending on the intensity of the magnetic field and the duration of exposure to it: seed and seedling treatments, plant treatment, water irrigation, and water treatment.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variety** & **Method** & **MF Parameter** & **Effect** & **References** \\ \hline Tomato & Seed treatment & 90 mT for 10 min & Increase in leaf area, leaf dry & \\ _Campbell 28_ & Seed treatment & 154 mT for 3 min & weight, SLA in growth rate of stem and roots, enhanced mean weight, & [PERSON] et al., 2006 [42] \\  & & MF & diameter and yield of fruit & \\  & & 120 mT for 10 min & Increase in root and stem length, fresh dry root, and dry stem & [PERSON] et al., 2005 \\  & & 80 mT for 8 min & weight, & [43] \\  & & LFMF & mean fruit weight and fruit yield & \\  & & & Increase in plant height, shoot and root weight, and dry weight of & \\  & & & & plant, also improved and \\ Tomato & & Static MF & enhanced tomato growth & \\ _Lycopersion_ & Seed treatment & 50, 100, 150 mT & parameters: number of & [44] \\ _Escultentum_ L. & & for 1 h & leaves/plant, leaf area, number of flowers/plant, number of fruits/plant & \\  & & & MF & Increase in speed of germination, stem weight ratio, the longer the exposure to MF, & [PERSON] et al., 2013 \\  & & & for 1, 2, 24 h & the higher the accumulation of biomass in the leaves and stem & [41] \\  & & & Increase in speed of germination, reactive oxygen species & \\  & & & (superoxide and hydrogen & \\ Tomato & Seed treatment & Static MF & peroxide), activities of antioxidant enzymes, relative expression of various genes in germinating tomato seeds and decrease in total antioxidant capacity & [PERSON] et al., 2019 \\  & & & & tomato seeds and decrease in total antioxidant capacity & \\ Tomato & & & Static MF generated by a coil & \\ Onion (_Allium cpa_ & Seed treatment & Static MF generated by a coil & Increase in weight and yield & [PERSON], [PERSON] 2018 \\  & & Seed are harvested & & \\  & from plant and are & MF & & \\ Tomato & induced by MF and & 0.2 mT for & & \\  & infected by & 7 min 48 s, & & 2018 \\  & _Fusarium_ sp. & 11 min 44 s, & & dry weight \\  & & monospore & 15 min 36 s & \\  & & suspension & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Summary of the total effect of magnetic fields on the yield and growth of fruit.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variety** & **Method** & **MF Parameter** & **Effect** & **References** \\ \hline Melon (_Cucumis_ _melo_): _Ravi_ & \multirow{4}{*}{Seed treatment} & MF & Increase in germ germination, root and shoot extents, vigour indices, plantlets fresh and dry mass, leaf region, alpha amylase, protease, catalase, chlorophyll \\ Passion fruit (_Passiflora edulis_ & \multirow{4}{*}{Seed treatment} & Static MF & Increase in germination \\ _Sims_) & & 200 mT & speed index, germination \%, emergence speed index \\ Sesame (_Sesammum_ & & MF from 2 parallel coils & Increase in stem height, chlorophyll content, fruit weight \\ _indicum_ L.): & \multirow{2}{*}{Seed treatment} & MF & Increase in stem height, chlorophyll content, fruit weight \\ _Winas_ & & & & [50] \\ Tomato & \multirow{4}{*}{Seeding treatment} & MF 1–3 mT & Increase in chlorophyll level with low MF and exposure time \\ _lycopersicum_ L.) & & & Increase in fruit yield, average fruit weight, number of leaves, fresh and dry root weight \\ Strawberry (_Fragaria \(\times\) ananasa_) & Plant treatment with electric wire & MF &
\begin{tabular}{c} Eştken, Turan 2003 \\ 2n content of plant leaves \\ \end{tabular} \\ _Camanosa_ & \multirow{4}{*}{Sethcare in marine