## 3 Results and Discussion
### Influential Variables in the Wingate Anaerobic Test
#### 3.1.4 Supplementation  
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO32)  
Regarding bicarbonate supplementation, [PERSON] et al. [51] found no improvement in the power level reached on the WAT in elite BMX riders. For their part, however, [PERSON] et al. [52] did find improvements in performance following sodium bicarbonate supplementation after having administered the same supplemented amount as in [PERSON]'s group (0.3 g for each Kg of weight) to one of the second research groups. Other scientists [53] also obtained a small but insignificant improvement in active individuals by supplementing them with the same amount of sodium bicarbonate as in previous research. Although the results may seem contradictory, a meta-analysis by [PERSON] [54] concludes that chronic but not acute NaHCO3 intake increases both the WAT peak and average power. The latest publication by [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [55] confirms the above statement, as they supplied 0.2 gr/kg between 60 and 90 min prior to the WAT, and HIT training to both the control and the supplemented group. The latter comprised a group of healthy students studied over six weeks, with a significant improvement in PP being obtained. [PERSON] al. [56] carried out a study on experienced strength athletes, in which following 14 days of creatine supplementation (not specifying the amount), they obtained a significant improvement in power levels in the WAT. [PERSON] et al. [57] also recorded improvements in the work performed (peak and total) during a maximum isokinetic test following supply of a 20 g supplement of creatine per day over five days. In the same vein, after supplying 20 g of creatine daily to three subjects (plus a placebo group and a control group, [PERSON] et al. [58] found no improvement in power in a WAT, although higher total amounts of Pcr and ATP were observed in the muscle biopsies carried out. They concluded that these three days of supplementation might be too few for performance improvement in a supra-maximal test. In the study conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [59], significant improvements were obtained in peak and average power in a maximum isokinetic test of 30 s following five days' supplementation with four doses of 5 g each per day. Lastly, in a systematic review carried out by [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [60] on the effect of creatine on the performance of football players, they concluded that creatine supplementation with a loading dose of 20-30 g/day, divided into 3-4 times per day, taken for 6-7 days and followed over 9 weeks with 5 g/day or with a low dose of 3 mg/kg/day over 14 days, has positive effects on the improvement of physical performance tests related to anaerobic metabolism in such football players. \(\beta\)-Alanine  
Supplementation with \(\beta\)-alanine could be an important nutritional strategy, as it was shown that Carmosine causes a buffer effect on hydrogen ions, improving the pHrange of the active muscle, and preventing or reducing fatigue [61]. [PERSON] et al. [62] refer to the evidence of an ergogenic effect in high-intensity exercises following \(\beta\)-alanine supplementation, especially in exercises of between 1 and 4 min in duration. However, the meta-analysis conducted by these authors shows that exercises of less than 60 s in duration do not improve performance following \(\beta\)-alanine supplementation, although they highlight the importance of researchers noting factors such as a blind and control group, the purity of the supplement, and test reliability. In a study on college football players (highly trained athletes) in which the subjects were supplemented with 4.5 g of \(\beta\)-alanine over 30 days, there was no performance improvement in a 60 s WAT [63]. However, in research evaluating the performance of 18 female football players following 30 days of supplementation with \(\beta\)-alanine at a rate of 2.4 g per day, an improvement in the WAT was observed at PP and MP. [64]. A further study by [PERSON] et al.