## 3 Results and Discussion
### Effect of Solid Media on Cleaning Effect  
The processing of aqueous media can render the surface smoother with a lower roughness. Now, we will investigate the influence of solid surfactants on their cleaning efficacy. The microscopic diagram of laser cleaning after applying silica is shown in Figure 14. It is observed that from the onset of SiO\({}_{2}\) addition, the surface begins to exhibit molten material and intensified laser tracks, indicating that the object's surface becomes more efficient in absorbing laser energy after the introduction of SiO\({}_{2}\), akin to the previous instances of laser cleaning. As seen in Figure 14, the thickness of SiO\({}_{2}\) increases with the height of SiO\({}_{2}\) up to 0.05 mm; the laser tracks are more concentrated and accompanied by the formation of some remelts compared to when no SiO\({}_{2}\) is added. At 0.1 mm, the laser tracks disperse, the surface becomes flatter, and remelts gradually increase. Beyond 0.1 mm, some incomplete ablation marks appear on the surface, and the laser marks gradually decrease. When the height reaches 0.8 mm, there are only a few cleaning traces, most of which are still in the corroded state, and the active agent at this height significantly hinders the cleaning process. The three-dimensional morphology of laser cleaning after applying silica is shown in Figure 15. The three-dimensional morphology map is now being analyzed, and it is observed that when SiO\({}_{2}\) is first added, the surface exhibits significant fluctuations and evidence of laser action, resembling mountain ranges when the height is doubled to 0.1 mm. The surface tends to be flat, primarily green and blue, and there is a tendency for the surface to be in a flatter and smoother condition after excluding error points. As the subsequent height increases further, the unevenness of the plane increases, the non-planar area increases, and the overall roughness value rises. When the height reaches 0.8 mm, the surface has only a few protrusions produced by the ablation behavior, and the remaining part of the surface is in an uncleaned state, with poor flatness, which can also be seen in the surface morphology corresponding to the metallographic state. The addition of SiO\({}_{2}\) in  
Figure 14: Microscopic morphology under the influence of SiO\({}_{2}\) height: (**a**) 0 mm; (**b**) 0.05 mm; (**c**) 0.1 mm; (**d**) 0.2 mm; (**e**) 0.4 mm; and (**f**) 0.8 mm. the right conditions will exacerbate the surface ablation behavior, and the impact on the surface morphology is more significant, resulting in an increase in the overall unevenness; when the height of the addition of SiO\({}_{2}\) is too high, the cleaning process is inhibited; the best effect occurs at a height of 0.1 mm. The cleaning results of the study are shown in Figures 16 and 17. The study results are as follows: after the addition of SiO\({}_{2}\), the range of changes in the surface roughness values under the heights of 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm is small, and can be regarded as basically unchanged under the consideration of the error. When the height of added SiO\({}_{2}\) reaches 0.2 mm, the surface roughness undergoes a significant change, increasing from about 1.0 \(\upmu\)m to about 2.2 \(\upmu\)m, and subsequently, with the increase in SiO\({}_{2}\) height, the surface roughness value gradually increases to about 3.5 \(\upmu\)m when it reaches 0.8 mm in height. From the cleaning depth, when adding 0.05 mm height of SiO\({}_{2}\), the cleaning depth has a slight increase, about 1.0 \(\upmu\)m; when the height continues to double, the cleaning depth continues to increase, reaching a maximum value of 37.5 \(\upmu\)m or so. At this time, compared with the non-addition of SiO\({}_{2}\), the depth of the cleaning is increased by about 3.5 \(\upmu\)m. Subsequently, as the height of SiO\({}_{2}\) increases, the removal depth decreases sharply from about 25 \(\upmu\)m to about 13 \(\upmu\)m, at which time the addition of SiO\({}_{2}\) plays an inhibitory role in laser cleaning.