# Abdominal Adiposity Increases Lordosis and Doubles the Risk of Low Back Pain
## 3 Results
### Association between Obesity and Abdominal Obesity with Vertebral Curvatures  
The effects of general and abdominal obesity on the vertebral angles estimated by linear regression (Table 2), show that the cervical and dorsal curvature increased due to the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Total Population** & **Men** & **Women** & **\(p\) Value** \\  & **(_n_ = 301)** & **(_n_ = 122)** & **(_n_ = 179)** & **\(p\) Value** \\ \hline Age _m(sd_) & 47.0 (20.5) & 41.9 (20.7) & 50.5 (19.7) & **<0.001** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Studies level _m (\%)_**} \\
**Low** & 105 (34.9) & 35 (28.7) & 70 (39.1) & **0.063** \\
**High** & 196 (65.1) & 87 (71.3) & 109 (60.9) & \\ \hline METs _m (sd)_ & 2647.7 (2402.1) & 3449.2 (3073.7) & 2101.5 (1600.6) & **<0.001** \\ \hline
**BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) _m (sd)_** & 25.6 (4.2) & 25.6 (3.7) & 25.6 (4.5) & **0.986** \\ _n (\%)_Normal** & 148 (49.2) & 56 (45.9) & 90 (50.3) & \\
**Overweight** & 106 (35.2) & 47 (39.3) & 60 (33.5) & **0.586** \\
**Obesity** & 47 (15.6) & 18 (14.8) & 29 (16.2) & \\ \hline
**BF% _m (sd)_** & 30.4 (9.2) & 22.9 (7.5) & 35.6 (6.4) & **<0.001** \\ _n (\%)_Normal** & 93 (30.9) & 49 (40.2) & 44 (24.6) & \\
**Limit** & 38 (12.6) & 22 (18.0) & 16 (8.9) & **<0.001** \\
**Obesity** & 170 (56.5) & 51 (41.8) & 119 (66.5) & \\ \hline
**WC (cm) _m (sd)_** & 84.4 (12.3) & 88.7 (11.9) & 81.4 (11.8) & **<0.001** \\ _n (\%)_Normal** & 231 (76.7) & 102 (83.6) & 129 (72.1) & **0.020** \\
**Abdominal obesity** & 70 (23.3) & 20 (16.4) & 50 (27.9) & **0.020** \\ \hline
**WHR (cm) _m (sd)_** & 0.86 (0.10) & 0.92 (0.09) & 0.82 (0.09) & **<0.001** \\ _n (\%)_Normal** & 204 (67.8) & 96 (78.7) & 108 (60.3) & **0.001** \\
**Risk value** & 97 (32.2) & 26 (21.3) & 71 (39.7) & **0.001** \\ \hline
**W/HT (cm) _m (sd)_** & 0.51 (0.08) & 0.51 (0.07) & 0.51 (0.08) & **0.995** \\ _n (\%)_Normal** & 144 (47.8) & 60 (49.2) & 84 (46.9) & **0.701** \\
**Risk value** & 157 (52.2) & 62 (50.8) & 95 (53.1) & **0.701** \\ \hline
**Cervical curvature (rad) _m (sd)_** & 37.2 (8.9) & 37.1 (9.0) & 37.2 (8.9) & **0.964** \\ \hline
**Dorsal curvature (rad) _m (sd)_** & 51.9 (11.4) & 50.5 (11.2) & 53.0 (11.6) & **0.066** \\ \hline
**Lumbar curvature (rad) _m (sd)_** & 36.4 (11.9) & 33.3 (12.0) & 38.5 (11.5) & **<0.001** \\ \hline
**Neck pain _n (\%)_** & & & & \\
**No** & 129 (42.9) & 68 (55.7) & 61 (34.1) & \\
**Yes** & 172 (57.1) & 54 (44.3) & 118 (65.9) & **<0.001** \\ \hline
**Dorsal pain _n (\%)_** & & & & \\
**No** & 200 (66.4) & 89 (73.0) & 111 (62.0) & \\
**Yes** & 101 (33.6) & 33 (27.0) & 68 (38.0) & **0.048** \\ \hline
**Low back pain _n (\%)_** & & & & \\
**No** & 102 (33.9) & 50 (41.0) & 52 (29.1) & \\
**Yes** & 199 (66.1) & 72 (59.0) & 128 (70.9) & **0.032** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Descriptive characteristics of the total population and according to sex.  
variables of excess weight, adiposity, and abdominal adiposity. The control variables were sex, age, educational level, and physical activity. However, the greatest modifying effect occurred with an increase in W/HT. Lumbar curvature was only affected by BMI, WC, and W/HT ratio.