# Multimedia Vision for the Visually Impaired through 2D Multiarray Braille Display
## 2 Related Work
The HIMS BrailleSense U2, which was considered as the best braille display at the time that can provide education, office work, and digital information for the blind. Today, the latest BrailleSense Polaris is gaining considerable popularity owing to its overwhelming performance. Based on compatibility with other devices, information can be shared through wired or wireless connection to any device such as PC, tablet, or smartphone [17]. Polaris can utilize gestures using braille cells and can also translate printed materials made of general text into braille. It supports more braille content than the other available braille displays. However, these devices have single-lined braille cells, which do not offer a comfortable reading experience for long texts and cannot print braille figures. HumanWare Braille Touch is an assistive device that is equipped with touchscreen display and single-lined 1D braille cells [18]. The innovative design of the device allows the use of virtual keyboards on the touchscreen for blind people. Although blind people cannot see the touchscreens, they seem to be comfortable using a braille tablet. However, this device also has few cells and, hence, the text contents could be cut off, and, moreover, braille graphics are hard to display. Table 1 presents a comparison of the above-mentioned products. Although these products have many features, this table simply describes their different specifications such as special features, cost, and operating system (OS). As shown in the table, the braille display is primarily being released on Google's Android platform. Furthermore, we see that, although Blitab displays braille images, it uses many cells. Similarly, although BrailleSense Polaris and U2 are specialized for class and office work, they are expensive. While BrailleNote Touch is also expensive, it is impressive as it includes a touchscreen keyboard that is not supported by previous devices. The prices of Blitab and the proposed braille display have not been set yet. Figure 4: Well-known braille display devices: (**a**) BrailleSense Polaris; and (**b**) BrailleSense U2 [17]. Through coworking, this research conducted at Gachon University and Dankook University attempted to develop efficient, reasonable, and useful braille display for the VI. [PERSON] et al. developed a method for automatically translating scanned images and text contents from print books into electronic braille books by reducing the amount of time and cost required for producing braille books [19]. This method uses grayscaling, binarization, labeling, and filtering to import regional data for elements in scanned images. Furthermore, it reduces the time required for translating print books into braille books by maintaining the information recognition rate of the VI. Additionally, the authors of [20; 21; 22; 23], contrary to the traditional methods of obtaining information, i.e., by using braille alone, attempted to transform accurate 3D information, 2D graphics, and photographic data to braille figures. Finally, there have been some interesting studies that could be useful for the VI. For instance, [PERSON] et al. studied a tangible media, inFORM system, for people who want to feel tactility remotely [24; 25]; inFORM is a Dynamic Shape Display that can render 3D content physically so that users can interact with digital information in a tangible way [26]. This technology, named the Physical Telepresence technology, as shown in Figure 5, is useful in terms of \"Tangible Information Processing\" as it attempts to visualize objects remotely via a large number of actuators. However, the purpose of the development itself is not research for the VI and, hence, there is no consideration for their tactile recognition capabilities. In addition, methods for communicating color or images have not been included in the study. [PERSON] et al. developed a portable system that allows blind people to detect and recognize Euro banknotes [27].