# Comparative Analysis of Usability and Accessibility of Kiosks for People with Disabilities
## 5 Accessibility and Usability Characteristics of Kiosks  
This study analyzed the accessibility and usability characteristics of kiosks based on the definitions of accessibility and usability as derived through a literature analysis. Based on the categories in Tables 3-8, the concept of accessibility for kiosk devices was divided into the major categories of directness, informativeness, user support, and efficiency, while the concept of usability was divided into the major categories of simplicity, directness, efficiency, informativeness, learnability, user support, and flexibility (Figure 5). Therefore, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Primary Category** & **Subcategory** & **Representative Scenario** & **Number** & **Example** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Flexibility} & \multirow{8}{*}{Adaptability} & \multirow{8}{*}{Including unique mark} & \multirow{8}{*}{1} & “People with hearing impairments need a \\  & & on interface for people & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{ear-shaped mark rather than a} \\  & & with hearing & & wheelchair-shaped mark on the interface \\  & & impairments & & to separate them uniquely from other \\  & & & & people” \\  & & & & people” \\  & Visibility & Putting up electronic & 1 & “An electronic sign like that of \\  & & signboard & & McDonald’s would be good” \\  & & Ensuring size of text is & & \\  & Legibility/Readability & reasonable & & \\  & Providing Q\&As and & & \\  & & other important details & & \\  & & regarding the kiosk in the & & \\  & & instruction manual & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Primary Category** & **Subcategory** & **Representative Scenario** & **Number** & **Example** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Flexibility} & \multirow{8}{*}{Indicurpating} & Making payment system & \multirow{8}{*}{3} & “When it comes to parking, the \\  & & for parking within arm’s & & \\  & & reach & & \\  & Adaptability & & & \\  & Diversifying card payment & & & \\  & & methods & 2 & \\  & & methods & & \\  & Interoperability & Enabling linkage between a & 1 & “I would like to be able to link \\  & & smartphone and the kiosk & & my smartphone with the kiosk” \\  & & Incorporating a & & \\  & & tablet-ordering system to & & \\  & & improve convenience in & 2 & cannot use their hands, ordering \\  & Effectiveness & ordering & & \\  & & Inclusion of car guidance & & \\  & & lines to facilitate issuance & & \\  & & of parking tickets and card & & \\  & & insertion & & \\  & & Increasing convenience in & & \\  & Effortlessness & using gift coupons to avoid & 1 & \\  & & seeking help from staff & & \\  & & Incorporating new means & & \\  & User Support & Helpfulness & of contact in addition to & \\  & & staff call button & & \\  & & Improving consistency in & & \\  & & payment system & 1 & be unified” \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Accessibility items for participants with physical impairments. when only viewing the major categories analyzed in Tables 1 and 2, accessibility can be seen as a subset of usability, as described in previous studies [50]. However, expanding each concept to small categories and examining them thoroughly revealed that despite having certain intersections, accessibility and usability were different concepts. Regarding directness within accessibility, opinions related to the physical accessibility of a kiosk (Tables 3 and 5) and the voice expansion function for using its main functions were derived as representative scenarios (Table 4). In the case of directness within usability, opinions were collected to provide various interface modes for improving the legibility/readability of the text of kiosks (Table 6). Informativeness, physical visibility, visibility, legibility/readability, and consistency were derived for accessibility; visibility, legibility/readability, consistency, comprehensiveness, and explicitness were derived for usability.