# Toward a Practical Digital Twin Platform Tailored to the Requirements of Industrial Energy Systems
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, we identified special requirements on digital twins (DT) in industrial energy systems (IES) that set IES apart from other domains, where DTs are already established. On this foundation, we developed a DT platform that is tailored to the requirements of IES. Our DT platform is based on the five-dimensional DT (5D-DT) concept and provides solutions to various implementation issues that are not addressed in the 5D-DT concept. It also complies with the Generic Digital Twin Architecture (GDTA), hence facilitating alignment with existing technology and standardization. The DT platform should prove a practical tool for interdisciplinary teams that aim to implement a DT for IES. The platform is designed to provide clear interfaces that allow domain experts to develop their services without in-depth knowledge about IT  
Figure 6: Illustration of DT platform benefits. By fulfilling IES-related requirements, hence realizing attributes such as scalability, robustness, modularity and semantic interoperability, the integration, operation and maintainability of applications as given in Table 1 are facilitated. These applications are leveraged, individually and by using synergies between them, to obtain benefits for the IES. implementation aspects. Through the efficient service encapsulation of the proposed DT platform, energy domain experts can focus their work on engineering services, virtual entity models and ultimately the optimal operation of IES. At the same time, computer scientists can leverage their expertise on the scalability, reliability and security of the DT platform and on establishing interoperability on a technical, syntactical, semantical, and operational level. The main benefit of the DT platform for the operation of IES will be that individual digitalization solutions such as predictive maintenance, deviation detection, fault classification, and operational optimization, which are typically developed and deployed as standalone solutions today, can be more tightly integrated, and synergies can be exploited. The DT platform provides the basis for the standardized implementation of complex digital applications that make the operation of IES more efficient and thus get us one step closer to the paradigm of integrated, decarbonized energy systems with sustainable production. Conceptualization, L.K., F.B., P.S., G.S. and R.H.; methodology, L.K., G.S. and D.R. ; formal analysis, L.K., F.B. and R.H.; investigation, L.K. ; writing--original draft preparation, L.K., F.B. and P.S. ; contribution to contents, review and editing, G.S., D.R. and R.H.; visualization, L.K. ; supervision, R.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors acknowledge funding support of this work through the research project _5 DIndustrialTrain_ as part of the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund's initiative Energieforschung (elMISSION) 6 th call (KLIEN/FFG project number 881140). The authors acknowledge TU Wien Bibliothek for financial support through its Open Access Funding Programme. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: