## 3 Results
### Carotenoid-Derived Aroma Compounds
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compounds** & **Mz** & **Samples** & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline n.i. & 525 & SFOH & 84.85 \(\pm\) 2.31 \({}^{\ast}\) & 57.97 \(\pm\) 1.3 \({}^{\ast}\) & 45.52 \(\pm\) 1.56 \({}^{\ast}\) & 40.33 \(\pm\) 1.87 \({}^{\ast}\) & 27.17 \(\pm\) 1.84 \({}^{\ast}\) & 59.67 \(\pm\) 1.83 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & & SFCONV & 86.32 \(\pm\) 2.05 \({}^{\ast}\) & 60.21 \(\pm\) 1.31 \({}^{\ast}\) & 49.23 \(\pm\) 1.55 \({}^{\ast}\) & 41.32 \(\pm\) 1.98 \({}^{\ast}\) & 31.24 \(\pm\) 2.13 \({}^{\ast}\) & 63.46 \(\pm\) 1.76 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ n.i. & 527 & SFOH & 91.55 \(\pm\) 1.95 \({}^{\ast}\) & 16.86 \(\pm\) 0.25 \({}^{\ast}\) & 15.68 \(\pm\) 0.99 \({}^{\ast}\) & 92.48 \(\pm\) 20.6 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.18 \(\pm\) 1.23 \({}^{\ast}\) & 7.52 \(\pm\) 0.74 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & & SFCONV & 93.41 \(\pm\) 1.28 \({}^{\ast}\) & 89.31 \(\pm\) 2.45 \({}^{\ast}\) & 44.66 \(\pm\) 2.87 \({}^{\ast}\) & 90.23 \(\pm\) 2.77 \({}^{\ast}\) & 3.06 \(\pm\) 0.22 \({}^{\ast}\) & 6.85 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ phytofluene & 542 & SFOM & 72.25 \(\pm\) 1.04 \({}^{\ast}\) & 36.46 \(\pm\) 0.78 \({}^{\ast}\) & 29.14 \(\pm\) 1.23 \({}^{\ast}\) & 69.82 \(\pm\) 1.76 \({}^{\ast}\) & 8.97 \(\pm\) 0.97 \({}^{\ast}\) & 30.18 \(\pm\) 0.98 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & & SFCONV & 26.40 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\ast}\) & 11.53 \(\pm\) 0.69 \({}^{\ast}\) & 37.08 \(\pm\) 1.39 \({}^{\ast}\) & 35.54 \(\pm\) 1.43 \({}^{\ast}\) & 3.21 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\ast}\) & 8.66 \(\pm\) 0.45 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ lycopene & 536 & SFOH & n.q & n.q & n.q & n.q & n.q & n.q \\  & & SF & n.q & n.q & n.q & n.q & n.q & n.q \\ lutein & 569 & SFOM & 113.9 \(\pm\) 2.76 \({}^{\ast}\) & 62.52 \(\pm\) 1.43 \({}^{\ast}\) & 57.65 \(\pm\) 1.43 \({}^{\ast}\) & 19.26 \(\pm\) 1.25 \({}^{\ast}\) & 46.55 \(\pm\) 1.54 \({}^{\ast}\) & 80.74 \(\pm\) 1.32 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & & SFCONV & 25.53 \(\pm\) 0.34 \({}^{\ast}\) & 11.15 \(\pm\) 0.98 \({}^{\ast}\) & 35.85 \(\pm\) 1.41 \({}^{\ast}\) & 30.53 \(\pm\) 1.23 \({}^{\ast}\) & 5.21 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\ast}\) & 14.53 \(\pm\) 0.57 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ n.i. & 633 & SFOM & 103.8 \(\pm\) 2.54 \({}^{\ast}\) & 86.61 \(\pm\) 1.77 \({}^{\ast}\) & 33.06 \(\pm\) 1.04 \({}^{\ast}\) & 12.98 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\ast}\) & 35.82 \(\pm\) 2.31 \({}^{\ast}\) & 108.32 \(\pm\) 2.25 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & & SFCONV & n.d & n.d & n.d & n.d & n.d & n.d \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Results are the means of three determinations \(\pm\) standard deviation; n.i., nonidentified; n.d., nondeterminate; n.q., nonquantif. Different letters in the same row are significantly different (\(p<0.05\)), the Greek alphabet symbol means significant differences between methods used in the same column (\(p<0.05\)), as determined by ANOVA (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Recovery index and bioaccessibility of carotenoids identified by UPLC-qTOF MS analysis from SFCONV and SFOH samples throughout digestion. agreement with the described literature, in which samples with a higher amount of fatty acids increase the bioavailability of lipophilic micronutrients, facilitating the solubilization mainly of lipophilic micronutrients in the aqueous phase of digestion [54; 56; 63; 64]. Different mechanisms that occur during the digestion process are responsible for these results. The pancreatic enzymes of gastrointestinal digestion hydrolize on the oil-water interface, making the fatty acids of SFOH more bioavailable. In addition, through small intestine digestion, the carotenoids are incorporated with other lipids, such as cholesterol, phospholipids (present in bile salts), and lipid resultants of digestion products (i.e., free fatty acids, monoacylglycerolglycerols, lysophospholipids) into mixed micelles by bile salts. These amphipathic compounds are mainly constituted by water, electrolytes, and organic molecules, including bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and had two essential properties: (1) they are emulsifying agents of lipid aggregates and (2) they solubilize and transport lipids in an aqueous environment [64].