## 6 Conclusions  
In this work, the cellular coverage at the Cova da Beira University Hospital Center (CHUCB) was evaluated. Based on the results obtained from the measurements carried out using the R&S(r)TSME6 scanner in combination with the R&S(r)ROMES4 software and comparing them with the previous measurements made with the NARDA SRM-3006, it was possible to achieve a greater level of detail regarding the distribution of different communications technologies in the hospital. The analysis of the results allowed identifying specific areas that require coverage improvements. It was found that, at measurement points 21, 23, and at the entrance gate of external consultations, the 5G NR technology showed the best signal coverage. Whereas, at points 13, 17, and 19, it was the LTE technology that demonstrated superior coverage. The LTE and 5G NR technologies were present at all six measurement points analyzed, with LTE providing better signal coverage, except at the entrance to the outpatient consultations, where 5G NR showed superior coverage. In general, the LTE technology showed the best performance regarding power values and signal indices (RSSI, NRSSI, RSCP). It was found that, regarding the operators, the results indicated that MEO and NOS were present at all six measurement points analyzed, while the absence of the Vodafone operator was recorded at some of these points. MEO provided the best signal coverage in more locations and for the four technologies analyzed (5G NR, LTE, NB-IoT, and UMTS). The identified areas that require coverage improvements include points 13, 17, and 21. To address these shortcomings, the implementation of femtocells in areas with insufficient signal is proposed. This solution will optimize the quality of communication at CHUCB, ensuring robust and  
Figure 20: Mobile network coverage in the Cumura region (Orange operator), Guinea-Bissau. Colours represent different mobile network technologies: blue—2G, green—3G, orange—4G, red—4G+, and purple—5G. Source: nPerf platform, July 2025.  
uninterrupted coverage, essential for the proper functioning of hospital systems, especially in critical areas. Implementing these improvements will have a significant impact on the efficiency of hospital services, particularly in supporting health monitoring systems and wireless communication networks, facilitating telemonitoring of patients at risk, and ensuring that mobile technologies can be fully utilized to provide high-quality and safe healthcare. As emphasized by [PERSON] et al. (2019), network security must form a cornerstone of healthcare's digital transformation. In future extensions of this study, particularly at Cumura Hospital (Guinea-Bissau), where infrastructure limitations may increase risks, such as sensitive data interception, it will be essential to implement robust security protocols aligned with these authors' recommendations. The confidentiality and integrity of medical data transmitted via mobile networks thus become paramount for ensuring reliable telemonitoring solutions in resource-constrained environments. In addition to the proposed improvements in cellular coverage, the relevance of emerging solutions for real-time tracking within the hospital is also highlighted in this study. It is expected that the tracking system based on BLE and Access Points, currently under evaluation at CHUCB, will not be limited to the management of medical equipment and devices, but will also allow for the real-time location of patients. This functionality opens up new possibilities in terms of dynamic orientation of patients during their hospital journey and monitoring of vulnerable patients, contributing to enhanced safety and efficiency in the hospital environment. In addition to the conclusions obtained based on the measurements carried out at CHUCB, this work aims to serve as a basis for a future international extension of the study to be conducted in a hospital in Guinea-Bissau.