# Analysis and Synthesis of Architectures for Automotive Battery Management Systems  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ravensburg-Weingarten University (RWU),  
88250 Weingarten, Germany  
1  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ravensburg-Weingarten University (RWU),  
88250 Weingarten, Germany  
1  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ravensburg-Weingarten University (RWU),  
88250 Weingarten, Germany  
1  
[PERSON]  
22222110756  
with different benefits. In addition, the BMS is generally calculating the state of charge (SOC), state of life (SOL), state of available power (SOP) and state of health (SOH) [7; 8]. It guides other components based on the calculated states. A BMS is important to keep the battery operating safe and reliable. It prevents cells from overheating and also avoids over- or under-voltage. Thus, the BMS is a very important subsystem of both BEVs and HEVs. Several architectures, such as the distributed, the centralized and the modular, use different attempts to succeed in their task.  
Consequently, the combination of both structures will also be of great importance. In the project Drivebattery2015 [9], it has been demonstrated that cell performance and cell aging depend not only on the operational parameters, such as temperature and current, while driving [10], but also on the charging cycle and vehicle to charger communication, as governed for example by the Open Charge Point Protocol, which can help to improve battery lifetime significantly. All together, this means that the BMS has to be informed about many parameters in many different circumstances and the intersection between the various possible configurations of BMS and E/E infrastructure are essential.  
Since the number of requirements, the raw data, and the programs of automotive vehicles are rising constantly, and the E/E architecture keeps getting more and more complex, the demand on new software-oriented architecture is bigger than ever before. Not only the E/E-architectures, but also the BMS are likely to change their structures. Otherwise, some components and functions can be realized on a centralized computing unit. This paper investigates and structures different architectural possibilities in modern vehicles, discusses analysis possibilities and presents approaches for the synthesis of sensible architectures such as BMS. The guiding questions to be clarified are:  
* Which features could be achieved by combining the master unit of a BMS and other EV components such as the power electronic on a centralized ECU, and which benefits or risks could occur?
* What does a modern development process for a BMS look like?
* To what extent does a modern simulation-based process support the concept synthesis in early product development to identify benefits and risks in new centralized topologies?  
The nature of the scientific questions indicates that this is a research paper. The core is to demonstrate how a methodical development process using HiL systems can enable the analysis and synthesis of complex E/E architectures by using the example of a BMS.  
State-of-the-Art of E/E Architectures in Vehicles, Functional Safety and Battery Management Systems  
This chapter describes the state-of-the-art of E/E architectures in vehicles as well as in BMSs. Fundamentals are explained on which the following sections are based. An overview over literature on the state-of-the-art in science and industry is provided. Important terms are introduced and defined. Possible evolutionary stages of E/E systems are presented. An insight into the topic of functional safety is given in addition. Finally, further developments of E/E architectures and upcoming challenges in product development and synthesis of complex E/E systems are mentioned.