## 6 Discussion and Prospects  
The role of mtROS in psoriasis has emerged as a key area for understanding the disease's pathophysiology. Disruption of mtROS perturbs cellular equilibrium, leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which are crucial for the development and advancement of psoriasis [8; 9; 10]. These mechanisms not only induce oxidative stress but also stimulate inflammatory reactions, hence sustaining the cycle of the disease. A comprehensive grasp of these molecular processes is crucial for the development of therapeutic approaches that specifically address oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The characterization and utilization of oxidative stress indicators, including MPO [22; 23; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 70], PON [23; 30; 31; 32; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40], SIRT [41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51], SOD [38; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58], and CAT [38; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 65] provide novel understanding of the development of psoriasis. These biological markers aid in evaluating the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby functioning as possible diagnostic instruments and indications for the severity and advancement of diseases. Furthermore, they have the capability to forecast individual reactions to therapies, therefore facilitating the implementation of more tailored therapeutic strategies. Further investigation and verification of these indicators have the potential to completely transform the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis by providing precise guidance for medicines that focus on and address specific oxidative stress pathways. Furthermore, it is essential to comprehend oxidative stress markers such as MDA [50; 56; 66; 67; 68; 69; 71], OSI [56; 72; 73; 74], TOS [4; 8; 11; 56; 74], and TAS [2; 8; 11; 74; 75; 76] in order to assess the overall redox condition in individuals with psoriasis. Elevated levels of MDA, which indicate lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage, are linked to the severity and advancement of the disease. Elevated levels of TOS indicate heightened oxidative stress, whilst reduced levels of TAS imply a compromised antioxidant defence network. Analysis of the OSI, which quantifies the equilibrium between TOS and TAS, is associated with disease activity, rendering it a useful indicator for tracking therapy response and informing therapeutic choices. The implementation of treatments that focus on restoring redox equilibrium and decreasing oxidative stress has the potential to greatly enhance therapeutic results in individuals with psoriasis. Future research should prioritize the clarification of the processes by which mtROS contribute to the development of psoriasis and their connections with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and immunological responses. Potent natural antioxidants, including curcumin [8; 77; 78; 80], gingerol [81; 82; 83], quercetin [84; 85; 86], resveratrol [89; 90; 91; 92; 93; 94], epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) [95; 96; 97], rutin [98; 99; 100], and genistein [101; 102; 103; 104; 105], have demonstrated potential in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, while simultaneously strengthening antioxidant defences. These compounds have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical studies by lowering oxidative stress markers, boosting antioxidant enzyme activities, and alleviating psoriatic symptoms. Future research should refine these therapies by exploring optimal dosages, formulations, and delivery methods to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing side effects. In addition, clinical trials play a vital role in confirming the safety and efficacy of natural antioxidants as independent pharmaceuticals or when used with current treatments. Advancements in drug delivery technologies, such as nano-encapsulation and gel formulations, have the potential to significantly improve their bioavailability and treatment efficacy of these compounds, providing more targeted and effective therapies [9; 78].