## 2 Related Works  
### ICN Deployment Techniques  
The deployment of ICN within existing network environments is a key focus of ICN research, aiming to leverage the benefits of ICN while avoiding the need for large-scale replacement of existing infrastructure. Several potential solutions have been proposed [17], including (1) implementing ICN as an overlay network and (2) using gateways to interconnect ICN with IP routing domains. The overlay approach involves extending and modifying the IP protocol stack to enable ICN deployment on the existing IP infrastructure at the edge or core networks. Currently, various solutions for constructing ICN overlay networks, such as CCNx [18] and NFD [19], provide platforms for ICN applications, fostering innovation across diverse domains. [PERSON] et al. [20] proposed an Information-Centric Cloud-Native Network Function (IC-CNF) that leverages a CCNx-based overlay network to establish'multicast islands' over existing IP networks. This approach significantly reduces server traffic loads and enhances the quality of user streaming experiences. [PERSON] et al. [21] utilized an NFD-like overlay NDN paradigm to address communication challenges in military multi-UAV surveillance networks, optimizing data distribution in such systems. [PERSON] et al. [22] discussed the application of overlay NDN networks in the process of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), offering an efficient and flexible key management solution for future secure communication networks. [PERSON] et al. [23] implemented a blockchain-based collaborative caching mechanism on ICN overlay networks. By employing an improved Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism, their approach incentivizes collaboration between ICN nodes and IoT devices, improving network caching performance and optimizing data transmission efficiency. It is noteworthy that existing research on ICN overlay networks primarily focuses on the Name-Based Routing (NBR) ICN paradigm (e.g., CCN and NDN), while relatively limited attention has been given to overlay networks based on the Standalone Name Resolution (SNR) method. In the SNR paradigm, ICN relies on a Name Resolution System (NRS) to map identifiers to locators for routing, providing better scalability and compatibility with existing TCP/IP networks [24; 25]. This study adopts an SNR-based ICN paradigm for the ICN multipath transmission routing domain. Gateway-based ICN deployment introduces ICN's advantages, such as enhanced transmission and caching within specific IP network service domains. [PERSON] et al. [26] proposed a socket-based translation gateway that enables seamless integration and efficient communication between IP and NDN systems by converting IP packets into NDN packets and vice versa. [PERSON] et al. [27] explored the integration of ICN with the Internet of Things (IoT) and introduced a Reflexive Forwarding mechanism. This approach establishes reverse path state chains within ICN gateways, facilitating efficient sensor data management and traffic balancing in IoT environments. [PERSON] et al. [28] presented a 5G-ICN architecture supporting producer mobility, offering an effective solution for mobility management in 5G scenarios. In this architecture, gateway nodes are responsible for forwarding traffic from the 5G RAN to the ICN data network. [PERSON] et al. [29] developed an HTTP-ICN protocol translation gateway to integrate ICN caching services within CDN networks. By leveraging ICN's pervasive caching capabilities, their approach significantly reduces content transmission latency and bandwidth consumption. [PERSON] et al. [30] proposed a smart city gateway solution based on information-centric wireless sensor networks (ICWSNs). Their architecture integrates edge and cloud networks to enable efficient cachingand distributed management of sensor data. Notably, current research primarily focuses on leveraging gateways to achieve interconnection across heterogeneous routing domains, emphasizing protocol translation and the optimization of communication processes.