# Country-Based COVID-19 DNA Sequence Classification in Relation with International Travel Policy
## 3 Results and Discussion
However, with the same significance level, the correlation between the accuracy and policy index of the preceding 3 months is the highest in Vietnam, standing at 0.77. Therefore, the classification accuracy in Vietnam is highly positively correlated with the policy index three months before the collection date of DNA sequences. Similar to the interpretation for Vietnam, the accuracy in Malaysia exhibits a positive correlation with the policy index one month before the DNA sequence collection date, with a moderate relationship standing at 0.55. Meanwhile, the accuracy in Indonesia is negatively correlated with the policy index up to four months before the DNA sequence collection date. Unfortunately, at a 5% significance level, it was determined that there is no significant correlation observed between the policy index and DNA sequence classification accuracy for other countries. However, it is crucial to approach the interpretation of data cautiously and not consider a \(p\)-value of 0.05 as a definitive threshold [31]. Relying on the \(p\)-value derived from a sole statistical test to assess the scientific validity of research constitutes an inappropriate use of the \(p\)-value. Nevertheless, it is important to note that alternative approaches to the \(p\)-value also share comparable limitations [32]. If we are allowed to utilize a significance level set at 15%, similar to Vietnam, DNA sequence classification accuracy in Singapore positively correlates with the policy index applied four months before the sequence collection date. Moreover, classification accuracy in Cambodia and Thailand also positively correlates with its policy implemented in the same month as the collection date, with fair coefficients of 0.31 and 0.34, respectively. While the data show a correlation between the classification accuracy and international travel policy index, it is essential to understand that correlation does not imply causation [30]. Further investigation is required to explore whether the policy is a causative factor for country-based DNA sequence classification accuracy. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \(i\) **Months** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Cambodia**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Indonesia**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Malaysia**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Singapore**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Thailand**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Vietnam**} \\ \cline{2-13} \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Before**} & \(r\) & \(p\)**-Value** & \(r\) & \(p\)**-Value** & \(r\) & \(p\)**-Value** & \(r\) & \(p\)**-Value** & \(r\) & \(p\)**-Value** & \(r\) & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \(i=4\) & 0.28 & 0.17 & \(-\)0.48 & 0.02 & \(-\)0.10 & 0.58 & 0.34 & 0.09 & 0.07 & 0.71 & 0.49 & 0.01 \\ \(i=3\) & 0.04 & 0.83 & \(-\)0.50 & 0.01 & \(-\)0.40 & 0.06 & \(-\)0.03 & 0.88 & 0.01 & 0.97 & 0.77 & 0.00 \\ \(i=2\) & 0.08 & 0.68 & \(-\)0.50 & 0.01 & 0.32 & 0.12 & 0.26 & 0.21 & \(-\)0.34 & 0.09 & 0.20 & 0.34 \\ \(i=1\) & \(-\)0.16 & 0.43 & \(-\)0.41 & 0.05 & 0.55 & 0.00 & 0.05 & 0.80 & \(-\)0.37 & 0.07 & 0.50 & 0.01 \\ \(i=0\) & 0.31 & 0.13 & \(-\)0.15 & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0.92 & \(-\)0.18 & 0.37 & 0.34 & 0.09 & 0.20 & 0.35 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Correlation coefficient, \(r\), and \(p\)-value between the week-wise accuracy of DNA sequence classification and the weekly policy index implemented \(i\)-months prior to the sequence collection date. Regarding the relationship between the international travel policy index and the accuracy of DNA sequence classification among ASEAN countries, we found it challenging to definitively conclude that a higher policy index in one country correlated with a higher accuracy in distinguishing its sequences from others. This observation is apparent in Figure 7, where Singapore consistently maintains a higher accuracy than Vietnam almost over the entire timeframe, despite having a consistently lower policy index every 4 months preceding sequence collection.