## 3 Results
### Effect of Different Additives on the Bacterial Communities of Whole-Plant Milelet Silage  
All treatment groups achieved a Good's coverage index of 1.00. The Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices decreased for all treatments, with the additive groups showing significantly lower Shannon diversity compared to the CK group (\(p<0.05\)). The MIX group had the lowest Shannon and Simpson indices, followed by the LP group. After the aerobic stability test, all groups except CK showed an increase in these diversity indices (Table 7). PCA analysis revealed that the microbial communities in the raw materials were distinct from those in the silage treatments, indicating significant changes in microbial composition due to the ensiling process. Notably, the CK and MIX groups demonstrated closely related microbial communities both before and after the aerobic stability test, suggesting that these treatments may have similar impacts on microbial dynamics in the silage (Figure 1). At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were predominant across all samples. In the raw materials and the CK group, Proteobacteria were dominant, with relative abundances of 91.6% and 88.6% respectively, while Firmicutes were less prevalent at 5.16% and 11.29%. Conversely, in the LP, S, and MIX groups, the abundance of Firmicutes significantly increased to 94.64%, 63.63%, and 95.26%, respectively, effectively suppressing the dominant Proteobacteria observed in the CK group. This shift highlights the effectiveness of the additives in altering the microbial landscape of the sil \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Items** & **Additives** & **pH** & **LA(g/kg DM)** & **AA(g/kg DM)** & **LA/AA** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{At silo opening} & CK & 4.50 \(\pm\) 0.03 a & 37.3 \(\pm\) 1.81 b* & 47.3 \(\pm\) 4.96 c & 0.80 \(\pm\) 0.04 c \\  & LP & 4.07 \(\pm\) 0.03 b* & 58.8 \(\pm\) 2.86 a** & 66.7 \(\pm\) 2.07 a** & 0.88 \(\pm\) 0.03 b \\  & S & 4.03 \(\pm\) 0.01 bc & 46.4 \(\pm\) 4.92 b & 48.9 \(\pm\) 4.63 bc & 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.03 b \\  & MIX & 3.96 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & 65.9 \(\pm\) 2.94 a & 60.9 \(\pm\) 1.84 ab** & 1.08 \(\pm\) 0.70 a \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{After 7 d aerobic stability test} & CK & 4.55 \(\pm\) 0.03 A & 28.0 \(\pm\) 1.01 B & 32.1 \(\pm\) 3.18 B & 0.89 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\  & LP & 4.15 \(\pm\) 0.01 BC & 30.9 \(\pm\) 5.45 B & 27.5 \(\pm\) 1.27 B & 0.90 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\ \cline{1-1}  & S & 4.27 \(\pm\) 0.16 B & 56.6 \(\pm\) 0.62 A & 43.9 \(\pm\) 1.26 A & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\ \cline{1-1}  & MIX & 4.00 \(\pm\) 0.02 C & 55.6 \(\pm\) 3.87 A & 49.1 \(\pm\) 0.71 A & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: CK, LP, S, and MIX represent control, _Laciplantithacillus plantarum_, sucrose, and a mixture of _Laciplantithacillus plantarum_ and sucrose treatments, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (\(p<0.05\)) between treatments at silo opening, while uppercase letters denote differences after aerobic stability test. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (\(p<0.05\)) and two asterisks (**) an extremely significant difference (\(p<0.01\)) between at silo opening and post-aerobic conditions within the same treatment.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Effect of different additives on fermentation quality of whole-grain silage before and after aerobic stabilization experiment.