## 2 Literature Review  
### Underground Logistics Network  
Important concepts regarding network topology and the operating model of underground logistics networks have been proposed. Its decisions are grouped into three categories: (1) the network topology and the gories: determining the location, assigning routes, and optimizing vehicle time [15]. The Netherlands has planned a series of national network projects to transport pelletized goods between major cities; these projects are considered to be a substantial breakthrough for the underground logistics network [5]. A hydrodynamic calculation and capsule kinetic analysis model of pipeline capsule movement were established, which provides a theoretical basis for automatic transportation in pipelines [16]. In recent years, the planning of underground logistics networks has emerged as an academic topic. It focuses primarily on the following aspects: network layout and optimization, transport line planning and scheduling of container operations, and subway freight network layout and operation. Currently, research on the planning of underground logistics networks is focused on layout and path planning, aiming at the minimum total cost. For example, a hybrid planning model was proposed to distribute freight between an underground network and maritime highways to obtain a layout plan for an underground logistics network with the goal of cost-minimizing [10; 17; 18]. In addition, some researchers have developed a weighted set coverage model for node positioning in underground logistics networks aiming at the lowest total cost [19], while others have developed a planning method based on the subway system [11]. The locations of the nodes were allocated considering the service capacity, cargo flow area, and accessibility. In addition, another study established a three-stage maximum coverage model based on the minimum distance and an entropy weight model that was solved by a tabu search and greedy algorithm [20].  
Recently, a methodology proposed by [PERSON] et al. [21] revolves around optimizing crucial decisions and considering uncertainties in crafting an integrated urban surface-underground logistics network. The findings underscore its effectiveness in achieving a nuanced equilibrium between conservatism and optimality in the intricate domain of network design. In the domain of container operations and scheduling, [PERSON] et al. [22] devised a mathematical model aimed at optimizing the configuration and scheduling of the underground container logistics system. This comprehensive model encompassed elements such as underground logistics vehicles, gantry cranes for loading and unloading at wells, and ground-automated guided vehicles. The primary objective was to maximize the operational efficiency of the container terminal. In a similar vein, [PERSON] et al. [23] developed a robust optimization model to ascertain appropriate locations for port connecting stations. This model facilitated the seamless integration of underground logistics systems with ports, thereby enhancing port operational efficiency and mitigating traffic congestion. However, in addition to cost, the planning of an underground logistics network also needs to consider several other factors, such as robustness, fragility, and resilience [24]. Underground logistics networks face huge sunk costs once they are put into practice. Planning them with high resistance to disasters is an important aspect to consider in research and engineering practice, but no relevant studies have been found.