## 1 Introduction
In [51], the authors introduce network packing problem in terrestrial broadcasting, where analog and digital networks share a common set of resources and propose a two-stage heuristic to optimize emission powers and frequencies. In [52], the authors provide an exact solution method for the universal mobile telecommunication systems/wideband code division multiple access (UMTS/WCDMA) network planning problem with signal-to-interference ratio constraints based on a nested Benders decomposition. The multi-objective nature of wireless network design is another important issue and has been covered in [53; 54; 55]. In [53], the authors formulate WCDMA network planning as a multi-objective problem with the objective of maximization of system capacity and the minimization of installation cost. In [54], the authors develop the multi-objective problem with the objective functions of coverage optimization, transmitter minimization, exposure minimization, energy efficiency, carbon footprint, and green deployment for the green network planning of single frequency network based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes. In [55], the authors propose a novel optimization model for resource assignment in heterogeneous wireless networks with the objective of maximization of the number of served users and the minimization of the granted utility at once. The topic of data uncertainty in wireless network design and robust wireless network design has been considered important and significant works have been carried out [56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62]. In [56], the authors discuss how to apply robust optimization for tackling traffic uncertainty in telecommunication network design, considering capacitated network design problems. In [57], the authors formulate the robust counterpart of a linear program with an uncertain coefficient matrix, when the multi-band uncertainty set is considered. In [58], the authors propose a robust cutting-plane algorithm drawing inspiration from multiband robust optimization to deal with the uncertain nature of the jamming problem that optimally places and configures a set of jammers. In [59], the authors develop a robust optimization model to solve the traffic uncertainty in a multiperiod network design problem and obtain a solution using a hybrid heuristic based on the combination of ant colony optimization and an exact large neighborhood search. In [60], the authors propose a robust optimization to save energy in wireless local area networks under both rate uncertainty and user mobility. In [61], the authors propose an optimal transmitter power allocation in a wireless communication network when the useful link coefficients and interference coefficients are random. In [62], the authors introduce a yield management model and develop a stochastic programming model for channel allocation to optimize revenue under demand uncertainty. Although there have been numerous works regarding the energy saving of a BS in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, most of the works have not considered separated control and data planes. Also, works regarding the energy efficiency of a BS in 5G networks with separated control and data planes have focused on the optimization modeling and performance analysis of such separated network architecture. To the best of our knowledge, little work has been performed regarding the efficient way of energy saving of a BS in 5G networks with separated control and data planes, and mobility is not considered in the analysis of the proposed protocol [33]. In this paper, we propose an efficient energy saving scheme for 5G networks with separated control and data planes, where the state of a BS is determined Then, an efficient energy saving scheme for BSs is proposed, where the state of a BS is determined depending on the number of UEs that request high rate data traffic and the number of UEs that exist under the overlapping areas commonly covered by the considered BS and the neighbor BSs.