## 4 Results
### Analysis Results of Each Scale  
Table 4 presents the results of the paired sample t-tests conducted between the two VR types--freeform creativity and goal-directed training--across various scales. A test result was considered statistically significant when the \(p\)-value was less than the significance level (set at 0.05). The interpretation of the results for each indicator is detailed as follows.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Paired Variable Difference**} \\ \cline{2-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & **Standard** & **95\% Confidence Interval** & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } \\
**(Goal-Directed Training vs.** & **Comparison** & **SD** & **Error of the** & **Mean** & **Lower Bound** & **Upper Bound** & **Type** \\ \cline{3-8}  & & & & **Bound** & **Bound** & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Emotional responses} \\ \hline Emotional valence & (0.70) & 1.93 & 0.34 & (1.38) & (0.01) & (2.08) & 0.046 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Emotional arousal & (1.73) & 2.11 & 0.37 & (2.48) & (0.98) & (4.70) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Usability} \\ \hline Overall response & (0.29) & 0.75 & 0.13 & (0.55) & (0.02) & (2.20) & 0.035 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Representation & 0.47 & 0.87 & 0.15 & 0.17 & 0.78 & 3.13 & 0.004 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Information & 0.06 & 0.58 & 0.10 & (0.15) & 0.27 & 0.60 & 0.553 \\ \hline Learnability & 0.82 & 0.74 & 0.13 & 0.56 & 1.08 & 6.38 & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Total QUIS score & 0.34 & 0.56 & 0.10 & 0.14 & 0.54 & 3.51 & 0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Flow experience} \\ \hline Concentration & (0.45) & 0.67 & 0.12 & (0.68) & (0.21) & (3.85) & 0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Enjoyment & (0.59) & 0.81 & 0.14 & (0.88) & (0.30) & (4.21) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Sense of time distortion & (0.32) & 0.64 & 0.11 & (0.54) & (0.09) & (2.86) & 0.007 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Control & 0.17 & 0.83 & 0.14 & (0.13) & 0.46 & 1.16 & 0.255 \\ \hline Total flow experience score & (0.30) & 0.46 & 0.08 & (0.46) & (0.13) & (3.71) & 0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Technology acceptance} \\ \hline Perceived usefulness & (0.57) & 1.15 & 0.20 & (0.97) & (0.16) & (2.83) & 0.008 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Perceived ease of use & 0.56 & 0.83 & 0.14 & 0.27 & 0.85 & 3.89 & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Perceived enjoyment & (0.43) & 0.82 & 0.14 & (0.73) & (0.14) & (3.03) & 0.005 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Attitude toward use & (0.35) & 1.09 & 0.19 & (0.73) & 0.04 & (1.84) & 0.075 \\ \hline Behavioral intention to use & (0.65) & 0.96 & 0.17 & (0.99) & (0.31) & (3.88) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Total TAM score & (0.29) & 0.76 & 0.13 & (0.56) & (0.02) & (2.18) & 0.036 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Self-assessed activity effectiveness, preference, and satisfaction} \\ \hline Self-assessed activity effectiveness & (0.42) & 1.44 & 0.25 & (0.93) & 0.09 & (1.70) & 0.100 \\ \hline Preference & (0.76) & 1.23 & 0.21 & (1.19) & (0.32) & (3.55) & 0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline Satisfaction & (0.52) & 1.00 & 0.17 & (0.87) & (0.16) & (2.95) & 0.006 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Results of the paired sample \(t\)-tests between the two VR types, freeform creativity and goal-directed training (Unit: points; values in parentheses indicate negative values. Emotion scale: nine-point Likert scale; other scale: five-point Likert scale; \({}^{*}\)_p_ < 0.05).