# Paleomagnetic-Geodynamic Mapping of the Transition Zone from Ocean to the Continent: A Review
## 3 Paleomagnetic Mapping and Profiling in Northern Israel  
The combined paleomagnetic mapping has been performed for the following geologically complex areas in northern Israel (see contoured areas in Figure 1): (1) Mt. Carmel and surrounding areas and (2) Altiti area as part of the Mt. Carmel paleomagnetic map (it was caused by the high complexity of the map mentioned above), (3) Sea of Galilee and its vicinity, and (4) Hula Basin and adjacent areas. The paleomagnetic profiles developed across the Carmel--Galilee region (**II**-**II**_I  
Figure 1: Very simplified structural map of with location of areas of paleomagnetic-radiometric generalization and examined magnetic anomalies. (1) Mesozoic Terrane Belt, (2) Neoproterozoic Belt, (3) intraplate faults, (4) interplate Dead Sea Transform (DST), (5) paleomagnetically investigated areas: CA, Carmel, AT, Atlit, SG, Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret), HU, Hula, (6) location of paleomagnetic profiles \(\mathbf{I}\)-\(\mathbf{I}^{\prime}\)-\(\mathbf{I}^{\prime\prime}\) and \(\mathbf{I}\)–\(\mathbf{I}^{\prime\prime}\). JS, Judea-Samaria. The Carmel tectonic system plays an essential role in estimating the spatial interaction of the continental and oceanic zones in this area. The oldest discovered deposits are Triassic strata, overlying series of the magmatic and sedimentary rocks of the Early Mesozoic (Asher Volcanics) [60]. The last associations covered by younger Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits are affected by the prolonged complex deformation of the postaccretional tectonic stage (>130 Ma). [PERSON] and [PERSON] [60] and [PERSON] [61] assumed that the Early Mesozoic formation of the Asher Volcanics was generated within the graben structure. [PERSON] et al. [54] suggested that the formations composing this graben have a predominantly continental genesis, including soils and coal. According to other data [62; 63], the Asher Volcanics relate to a deep basin with a possible ocean-like crust; the results of our investigation [22; 31; 32] partially agree with the last proposition. Discovering numerous mantle minerals [58; 64; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69] also confirmed the mentioned suggestion. The anomalously high content of the Permian zircons was found in the xenoliths of the Cretaceous volcanoes [65]. Based on the analysis of the ratios of trace elements, the authors mentioned above believed that these zircons are associated with the magmatic complexes of the Earth's crust of the oceanic type. In the current work, we have expanded the areas of paleomagnetic mapping of the northern part of the easternmost Mediterranean by the attraction of the well-studied geological-geophysical area of the Mt. Carmel and the Sea of Galilee and adjacent areas (Figure 2). Figure 2 indicates a significant differentiation in the direction of tectonic-thermal processes from the Late Mesozoic to the Late Cenozoic. This testifies to the extreme geodynamic instability of this region and the variety of manifestations of tectonic movements, magmatic processes, and surface relief with the formation of faults, strike-slip valleys, and rotational structures. The dominant direction of the isopachs of the Lower Cretaceous traps of the Halal-1 paleomagnetic superzone corresponds to the NNE-SSW. It is 60\({}^{\circ}\) counter-clockwise as opposed to the development field of the Upper Cretaceous volcanoes of the Halal-2 superzone--NNW-SSE. Meanwhile, it is 30\({}^{\circ}\) counterclockwise compared to the long axis of the Late Cretaceous traps [56] of Mt. Carmel. These data confirm the regional rotation of the deep mantle structure below the Eastern Mediterranean [16] over a long geological time. Diagonal and arc faults oppose the boundaries of larger tectonic blocks (terranes). These fractures, in recent times, have created fault and strike-slip valleys and coastal zones of marching. The Altit paleomagnetic map (Figure 3) occupies the central-northern part of the Carmel paleomagnetic map.