## 1 Introduction  
The global demand for sustainability and the use of environmentally friendly materials has prompted significant research efforts aimed at the development of biocomposites derived from renewable resources. In this context, vegetable oils emerge as promising candidates for the synthesis of biocomposite matrices due to their chemically adaptable properties, biological renewability, and wide availability [1, 2, 3]. It is noteworthy that the high unsaturated fatty acid content of vegetable oils enables the optimization of properties such as oxidative stability, mechanical strength, and thermal resistance, thereby creating a diverse range of applications across various industrial sectors [4]. The enhancement of these properties, as well as chemical modification processes, such as hydrogenation, is of critical importance. Hydrogenation is an important chemical process that improves the thermal and oxidative resistance of vegetable oils by saturating carbon-carbon double bonds [5]. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in interest in the use of vegetable oils as matrix materials for biocomposite production. Of particular note is the use of catalytic hydrogenation in this process. The saturation of unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds in triglycerides with hydrogen gas facilitates the transformation of oils into materials with suitable properties for biocomposite applications. The literature indicates that nickel and activated carbon-supported catalysts are widely used in hydrogenation processes, significantly improving the oxidative stability and mechanical strength of oils [6]. As an example, the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, such as sunflower oil, using activated carbon-supported nickel catalysts has resulted in the production of matrix materials suitable for biocomposite applications [7]. Furthermore, single-step hydrogenation processes offer notable advantages in terms of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability for biofuel and biocomposite production. Hydrogenation processes utilizing palladium and nickel nanoparticles have been highlighted as efficient and environmentally compatible alternatives [8]. The synthesis of biocomposites entails the reinforcement of modified vegetable oil-based polymer matrices with natural fibers or nanoparticles, and these materials are receiving increasing attention in the context of environmental sustainability. These materials offer notable advantages over traditional petroleum-based polymers due to their low cost, biodegradability, and reduced environmental impact [9; 10]. For example, the incorporation of waste vegetable oils into biocomposites not only mitigates environmental waste but also makes a valuable contribution to the sustainable development of materials [11]. Nevertheless, the current body of research on the optimization of modification methods employed in these processes remains limited, and the necessity for more efficient production strategies persists [12]. The incorporation of hydrogen into oil modification procedures is regarded as a promising approach to augment the production capacity of biocomposites. For instance, hydrogen-assisted combustion processes, as utilized in the production of biodiesel, can also be employed to enhance the performance of biocomposites [13]. The treatment of low-cost oils, such as waste vegetable oil and wheat germ oil, with hydrogen-enriched processes not only minimizes environmental impact but also induces a series of chemical changes that improve mechanical properties and oxidative resistance [14]. These innovative approaches contribute to the enhanced effectiveness of biocomposites in terms of energy density, durability, and sustainability. The production of biocomposites using vegetable oils modified with hydrogen gas represents a rapidly growing research area at the intersection of polymer chemistry, materials science, and green chemistry [15].