# A Review of Mixture Theory for Deformable Porous Media and Applications
## 4 Further Applications of Mixture Theory
They applied this model to describe combustion processes linked with DDT in a pressed column of HMX. Numerical simulations using method of lines were carried out to demonstrate the effect of particle size and porosity along with the study of bed compaction. [PERSON] [56] presented a review of mixture theory with applications in physical oceanography and meteorology and discussed some examples which include turbidity currents, deforming sea beds, seawater and air containing all phases of water. By using the modern mixture theory, he also discussed the thermodynamics of a mixture of ice, water vapor and condensate in the atmosphere. Applications of continuum mixture theory to turbulent snow, air flows and sedimentation was also studied by [PERSON] [57]. By making a constitutive assumption for the turbulent variables of the snow phase, governing non-linear partial differential equations were derived and then solved numerically using finite difference methods. In particular, snow phase velocity and density fields were investigated for different airflow regimes. [PERSON] et al. [58] used a mixture theory framework for modeling the mechanical actuation of ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) in 2008. An IPMC is a porous charged polymer saturated with an electrolytic solvent and plated by two electrodes. Structural deformation was generated by applying voltage differences across the electrodes. Theoretical results were validated through a set of experiments performed on Nafion-based IPMCs. Applications of mixture theory in the fields such as consolidation problems, localization phenomena, drying processes, biomechanics, environmental mechanics, material science, local water supplies and analysis of plant growth were discussed in the monograph by [PERSON] [59]. [PERSON] [60] used the solid-fluid mixture theory to develop mathematical model describing the diffusion problems such as injection of fluid into a geological formation saturated with another fluid, drainage of two different fluids from a geological formation due to in-situ fluid pore pressure and the process of squeezing a sponge dry. A continuum theory for mixture of fluids and elastic solids interacting with electromagnetic (E-M) fields and superconductors was introduced by [PERSON] [61] in the year 1998. In particular, mechanical and E-M balance laws were postulated for mixture comprising of N-species. Species may be regular conductors or superconductors. Different combinations of mixture consisting of fluid-fluid, fluid-solid and solid-solid were considered and analyzed. A continuum model for shape memory alloys (SMA) was developed by [PERSON] et al. [62] in 2001, which finds many practical applications in various fields. Applications of mixture theory in the evaluation of mechanical properties of asphalt concrete were discussed by [PERSON] et al. [63] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [64; 65]. Asphalt concrete used in flexible highway pavements include 5-8% air voids immediately after laying of the roadway. [PERSON] et al. [66] modeled electro-rheological material using mixture theory approach. Recent advances on theory of mixtures in geo-mechanics can be found in the book of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [67].