# Mathematical Models for Named Data Networking Producer Mobility Techniques: A Review
## 3 Recent Mobility Techniques
### Anchorless Technique
Other than that, providing robust methods for ensuring secure communication in constantly changing contexts is crucial. Future research should focus on establishing uniformity and compatibility among methods used to enhance producer mobility. Implementing standardized protocols will ease the NDN installations into becoming widely adopted and compatible with one another. **Author Contributions:** Supervision: A.H.M.A. ; validation: H.S. and K.A. ; visualization and writing of original draft: W.M.H.A. ; review and editing: A.H.M.A., H.S., K.A. and M.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia: TT-2022-31 005. **Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

* (1) Gbadamosi, S.A.; Hancke, G.P. ; Abu-Mahfouz, A.M. Building upon NB-IoT networks: A roadmap towards 5G new radio networks. _IEEE Access_**2020**, \(8\), 188641-188672. [CrossRef]
* (2) Wang, X.; Cai, S. Mobility Management in Vehicular Named Data Networking. _IEEE Sens. Lett._**2021**, \(5\), 7500804. [CrossRef]
* (3) Din, I.U. ; Hassan, S.; Almogren, A.; Ayub, F.; Guizani, M. PUC: Packet Update Caching for energy efficient IoT-based Information-Centric Networking. _Future Gener. Comput. Syst._**2020**, _111_, 634-643. [CrossRef]
* (4) Karim, F.A. ; Hafizah, A.; Aman, M. Named Data Networking: A Survey on Routing Strategies. _IEEE Access_**2022**, _10_, 90254-90270. [CrossRef]
* (5) Aboodi, A.; Wan, T.C. ; Sodhy, G.C. Survey on the Incorporation of NDN/CCN in IoT. _IEEE Access_**2019**, \(7\), 71827-71858. [CrossRef]
* (6) Afanasyev, A.; Burke, J.; Refaei, T.; Wang, L.; Zhang, B.; Zhang, L. A Brief Introduction to Named Data Networking. In Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference MILCOM, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 29-31 October 2018; pp. 605-611. * (7) Cisco. Mobile Video Delivery with Hybrid ICN IP-Integrated ICN Solution for 5G. _Cisco White Pap._**2017**, 1-14. Available online: [[https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ultra-services-platform/mwc17-hicn-video-wp.pdf](https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ultra-services-platform/mwc17-hicn-video-wp.pdf)]([https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ultra-services-platform/mwc17-hicn-video-wp.pdf](https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ultra-services-platform/mwc17-hicn-video-wp.pdf)) (accessed in 15 July 2023). * (8) Mitha, A.; Tourani, R.; Misra, S.; Burke, J.; Zhang, L. Towards edge computing over named data networking. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE), San Francisco, CA, USA, 2-7 July 2018; pp. 117-120. * (9) Shuja, J.; Bilal, K.; Alasmary, W.; Sinky, H.; Alanazi, E. Applying machine learning techniques for caching in next-generation edge networks: A comprehensive survey. _J. Netw. Comput. Appl._**2021**, _181_, 103005. [CrossRef]
* (10) Chen, C.; Jiang, J.; Fu, R.; Chen, L.; Li, C.; Wan, S. An Intelligent Caching Strategy Considering Time-Space Characteristics in Vehicular Named Data Networks. _IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst._**2021**, _23_, 19655-19667. [CrossRef]
* (11) Baranski, S.; Konorski, J. Mitigation of fake data content poisoning attacks in NDN via blockchain. In Proceedings of the 2020 30 th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC), Melbourne, Australia, 25-27 November 2020. [CrossRef]
* (12) Tsai, P.H. ; Zhang, J.B.; Tsai, M.H. An Efficient Probe-Based Routing for Content-Centric Networking. _Sensors_**2022**, _22_, 341. [CrossRef]
* (13) Islam, S.; Abdalla, A.H.; Mohd Isa, F.N. ; Hasan, M.K. Performance evaluation of multi-interfaced fast handoff scheme for PNEMO environment. _Elektron. Elektron. Elektron._**2018**, _24_, 80-85. [CrossRef]
* (14) Li, X.; Wang, S.; Wu, W.; Chen, X.; Xiao, B.