# Solutions to the Problem of Freight Transport Flows in Urban Logistics
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Theoretical Aspects of the Flows of Freight Road Traffic in the Urban Logistics System  
These days, urban logistics planning is based on high-quality and fast cargo transportation, with various ecological solutions. Service providers must pay attention to shorter delivery times, flexibility, and service reliability [10]. Analyzing the sources of the scientific literature, it can be stated that city logistics can be seen as a tool that allows efficient management of the movement of material flow in the city territory and forms innovative solutions [11]. In most cases, the content of logistics solutions consists of analysis, planning, integrated information management, and decision making. The uniqueness of a city's logistics system is the consolidation of cargo from various senders and receivers and the management of the cargo transportation process in a city's infrastructure [12]. Analyzing the existing terminology, it is stated that the objective of city logistics is to support and develop the harmonious development of urban areas, increase the efficiency of transport and logistics processes, and significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment [13]. The fast pace of life and the pursuit of prosperity led to the need to find new solutions for the development of cargo distribution and transportation efficiency [14]. These goals can be achieved by organizing distribution activities in a more targeted and qualitative way and by properly forming an infrastructure network, and cooperation between carrier companies is also important in this area [15]. Scientists and researchers emphasize the most important areas of urban logistics development as planning, information technology, communication, public-private partnership, support measures, and regulations [16]. Heavy transport causes many problems in cities. These include traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, and traffic accidents [17]. However, freight transport is an inevitable part of city life, as trade takes place in cities and various services are provided. In their publications, scientists and researchers have widely analyzed the problems of the first and last mile and their practical expression forms, which depend on the complexity of the city infrastructure, the location of the terminals, and their distance to the city border [18]. The last mile is defined as the part of the logistics supply chain from the cargo terminal to the final destination of the shipment (cargo) [19]. Scientific works emphasize that to optimize the last mile, it is necessary to harmonize different solutions related to the operation of cargo terminals and warehouses, as well as transport solutions in the logistic environment of a city. However, new transport solutions are associated with the transformation of a city's logistics infrastructure, such as a network of charging stations for the use of electric cars [20]. The social aspect of the problem should also be noted, because cities have a significant impact on social and economic development, as well as an impact on the environment in general. Therefore, when analyzing city problems, it is necessary to emphasize topics related to the appropriate use of resources, optimization of the transport system, information and data management, social change, the impact on the environment, and conservation of nature [21; 22]. According to researchers, great attention is paid to innovations in the field of information and communication technologies in modern city logistics:  
* \"Green technologies\" allow for a more responsible use of a city's main resources (gas, water, CO2 emissions, and introducing electric transport) and the development of renewable energy sources;
* Implementation of broadband internet 5G, which ensures the development of modern information technologies and the development of closed and secure networks;
* Artificial intelligence that makes certain decisions;
* The spread of eSim technology to control the movement of goods from the production process to sales [20; 21].