## 4 Discussion  
Numerous studies have discussed fixation techniques for BSSROs, but few have explored the use of curved plates for fixation. In addition, biomechanical experiments using cadavers or artificial bones have predominantly focused on half (one side) of the mandible. The present study used a complete mandibular model and used a curved plate for fixation in BSSROs. The experimental results revealed that fixation using the curved plate created a resistance force similar to that obtained using three bicortical bone screw fixation, and stable occlusion was maintained. Therefore, curved plate fixation is a reliable method in clinical settings. Few studies have used allografts in various fixation methods for BSSRO. [PERSON] et al. [8] tested the resistance force of bone screws and bone plates in cadaver jaws and observed a nonsignificant difference between the resistance provided by three-bicortical screw fixation and one four-hole plate fixation. Given the low availability of fresh frozen human cadaver mandibles, in vitro tests for orthognathic surgery have mostly used animal jaws [12; 13; 14; 15] or artificial bones [16; 10; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21]. However, the shapes of animal mandibles, regardless whether they are derived from goats or pigs, are different \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type of Fixation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Model No.**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Resistance Force**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **1 mm** & **3 mm** & **5 mm** & **10 mm** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Group 1 (Straight plate)} & 1 & 15 & 29.4 & 40.2 & 57.1 \\  & 2 & 5.1 & 18.5 & 36.6 & 91.2 \\  & 3 & 11.0 & 27.2 & 41.2 & 66.3 \\  & 4 & 10.2 & 19.0 & 41.7 & 67.0 \\  & 5 & 11.3 & 19.2 & 40 & 59.2 \\  & 6 & 16.0 & 21.0 & 39.2 & 61.0 \\  & 7 & 12.1 & 20.2 & 38 & 63.2 \\  & 8 & 9.1 & 17.3 & 38 & 71.1 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Group 2 (Curved plate)} & 1 & 22.6 & 44.5 & 63.1 & 105.0 \\  & 2 & 9.7 & 43.5 & 78.2 & 125.9 \\  & 3 & 18.1 & 51.0 & 71.3 & 110.0 \\  & 4 & 20.2 & 55.2 & 69 & 108.2 \\  & 5 & 21.0 & 49.6 & 77.1 & 113.0 \\  & 6 & 23.2 & 50.0 & 76.1 & 103.0 \\  & 7 & 27.1 & 52.6 & 75.8 & 102.2 \\  & 8 & 25.2 & 57.1 & 68.2 & 109.3 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Group 3 (Inverted-L bicortical screw)} & 1 & 18.2 & 49.3 & 78.7 & 145.0 \\  & 2 & 19.1 & 52.3 & 74.3 & 139.1 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 3 & 22.0 & 56.2 & 77.4 & 141.2 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 4 & 24.1 & 61.1 & 80.1 & 148.2 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 5 & 21.2 & 59.3 & 81.0 & 150.0 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 6 & 19.8 & 55.8 & 77.9 & 139.2 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 7 & 21.5 & 58.0 & 78.2 & 147.7 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 8 & 21.9 & 59.2 & 72.0 & 148.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Resistance force (N) at the three displacements sites during raw experimental measurement. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Amount of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Group 1 (Straight Plate)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Group 2 (Curved Plate)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Group 3 (Inverted-L Bicortical**} \\
**Displacement** & & & & **Screw)** \\ \hline
1 mm & 11.15 \(\pm\) 4.90 & 21.80 \(\pm\) 6.08 & 21.35 \(\pm\) 2.70 \\
3 mm & 19.70 \(\pm\) 7.03 & 50.50 \(\pm\) 8.78 & 57.10 \(\pm\) 6.10 \\
5 mm & 39.60 \(\pm\) 2.95 & 73.55 \(\pm\) 8.45 & 78.05 \(\pm\) 4.68 \\
10 mm & 64.75 \(\pm\) 10.43 & 108.75 \(\pm\) 8.75 & 146.35 \(\pm\) 8.45 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Unit N} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Resistance force of the three groups (median \(\pm\) interquartile range (IQR)). from the human mandible. Therefore, individual differences in animal jaw properties may affect experimental results. Given the ease of specimen standardization and material availability, the present study employed artificial mandibles as the experimental specimens. Artificial bones are uniform and consistent in terms of dimensions and material properties [22].