# Recent Advancement of Data-Driven Models in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
## 3 Related Work
The study reviews WSNs' characteristics with advantages and challenges, applications, topologies, and types. For the designing of WSNs, different applications are used and consist mostly of factors such as objectives of applications, challenges, cost, hardware, and environmental condition. The remote sensing applications are presented with an expanded survey [33] to identify new and existing applications. The survey recommends both system requirements as well as the protocol stack of WSNs in parallel, while classifications with different challenges and issues are faced in various environments. A comprehensive survey of hierarchical routing protocols that are constructed for mobile wireless sensor networks is presented in [25]. The purpose of the study is to propose a routing protocol that supports sensor node mobility in mixed WSNs, which include static and mobile sensor nodes. Furthermore, the researchers emphasize the benefits and drawbacks of each routing approach as well as performance concerns. The study focuses on discussing some of the most current traditional and efficient hierarchical routing that has already been constructed. The survey additionally includes a comprehensive categorization of the examined methods based on various parameters. The routing approach, mobile element, control manner, mobility pattern, clustering attributes, network architecture, protocol operation, communication paradigm, path establishment, protocol aims, energy mode, and applications are mentioned as performance metrics. Furthermore, we investigate the protocols based on latency, network size, energy economy, and scalability, as well as the benefits and limitations for every protocol. The purpose of the paper is to investigate several problems of interest linked to WSNs by looking at specific instances of actual WSN applications, both commonly used and innovative ones [26]. The use of WSNs in various domains, such as heatland, military, urban, flora, wildlife, and industrial, is investigated in this article through the examination of relevant representative cases that are both innovative and well known. Additionally, the author's investigation revealed that the utilization of WSNs not only gives numerous benefits in selected domains especially compared to the earlier comparative methods and techniques, it also presents innovative applications. Furthermore, both the challenges and solutions produced for a wide variety of applications are highlighted and reviewed. The author of [27] presents a review of detecting outliers in WSNs. The research also includes details on WSN applications and descriptions of outliers from earlier research. Furthermore, several categories of outlier origins in WSNs were explicitly explained. The focus of the research has been to give a complete analysis on WSN outlier detection. The research provides a variety of approaches and investigates outlier detection strategies in each application area as well as its benefits and drawbacks. Furthermore, the limitations of outlier methods in WSNs are also discussed. Finally, the study evaluated the specified approaches for outlier diagnosis in WSNs from the perspective of its properties, applicability, and limitations. Similarly, the aim of the research in [28] is to investigate the area of underwater wireless sensor networks and give a thorough understanding of UWSNs' objectives, architectures, current advancements, taxonomy, and limitations. Furthermore, the study presents the most recent data for several factors that can fulfill the criteria for speedy UWSN growth. Additionally, the research presents a review of literature using well-knownand reliable article databases. These categories help pinpoint future problems for enhancement and provide more possibilities for long-term contribution to the area of underwater sensor networks. WSNs have a wide range of potential applications. The application of such networks in the context of big data highlights its capacity to transcend fundamental limitations in order to satisfy specific objectives.