## 5 Research Gaps and Prospects
### Applied Ethics and Global Collaboration  
In the context of global UAV-RS applications, there remains a lack of coordinated mechanisms to address global challenges and an absence of clear ethical guidelines and privacy regulations regarding data collection. Key questions remain unresolved: How can we build and operate a transnational research center to collaboratively address issues such as climate change and food security, while mandating the sharing of data and methodologies? In urban precision management, how should we technically and legally define the boundary between public interest and personal privacy in UAV-RS data acquisition, and formulate enforceable regulations? To promote the sustainable global development and collaborative innovation of UAV-RS technology, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive standardization system and a multi-tiered international cooperation network.  
On standardization, efforts should leverage existing Earth observation and sensor standards established by international organizations such as the FAO, CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites), and OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). A full life-cycle UAV-RS technical protocol--covering data acquisition, processing, and sharing--should be developed [23; 210; 217]. This framework should include flight operation parameters, sensor calibration procedures, data formats and metadata standards, quality assessment metrics, and security and privacy management guidelines. Based on this foundation, industry associations, research institutions, and enterprises should jointly compile UAV-RS best practice manuals. These should provide end-to-end demonstration cases across typical application scenarios (e.g., precision agriculture, forest monitoring, flood assessment), enabling the standards to be adopted in technical evaluations, pilot projects, and commercial deployments.  
In addition, when developing global collaboration networks--such as the design of global benchmark datasets, field experiment programs, and multinational cooperation frameworks--priority should be given to the inclusion of geographically diverse regions. This approach not only enhances the inclusiveness of UAV-RS technologies, but also lays the foundation for building a truly globally applicable scientific system. For example, the \"OpenUAV\" model could serve as a useful reference by aggregating UAV-RS datasets from representative ecological zones, agricultural regions, and urban environments across different continents, along with corresponding interpretation algorithms and application case studies.  
Through this dual strategy of standardization and global cooperation, UAV-RS interoperability and data quality can be significantly enhanced. At the same time, disparities between countries in hardware accessibility, software development capabilities, and talent cultivation can be narrowed. This will foster equitable sharing of scientific and technological achievements in support of sustainable development and environmental governance. Ultimately, it will help build an open, fair, and sustainable UAV-RS global ecosystem, providing critical support for tackling climate change, ensuring food security, and improving disaster early warning and mitigation capabilities.