## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Carrier** & **Other Ingredient** & **Drug** & **Remarks** & **Ref** \\ \hline PVP & Ibuprofen & Immediate release (dissolution in 10 s) & [24] \\ \hline PVP & Acetaminophen & Better dissolution-improving effects of solid dispersions nanofibers for poorly water-soluble drug model & [25] \\ \hline PVP & Vitamin B12 & \begin{tabular}{c} Directly compressed micronized rotary-spun fiber-based tablet showed uniform drug release of low variations \\ \end{tabular} & [26] \\ \hline PVP & sodium dodecyl sulfate & Ferulic acid & \begin{tabular}{c} Nanofiber-based SDs (solid dispersions) could release all the contained FA within 1 min and had a 13-fold higher permeation rate across sublingual mucosa compared to crude FA particles. \\ \end{tabular} & [27] \\ \hline PVP & \begin{tabular}{c} Hydroxypropyl-\(\beta\)-cyclodextrintrin (CD) \\ \end{tabular} & Clotrimazole & \begin{tabular}{c} Complete drug release in contrast to CZ powder and lozenges containing CZ, CZ-loaded nanofibers killed the Candida significantly faster than the CZ powder and lozenges with low cytotoxicity \\ \end{tabular} & [28] \\ \hline PVP & EC & Ketoprofen & \begin{tabular}{c} Diffusion controlled release due to addition of water-insoluble polymer EC \\ \end{tabular} & [30] \\ \hline PVP & zein & Ketoprofen & Sustained and prolonged release over 12 h without burst release & [31] \\ \hline PVP & PLA & Benzoin & Controlled release for 30 day & [32] \\ \hline PVA & & Caffeine, Riofelavin & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Drugs can be released in a burst manner (caffeine to \\ an extent of 100\% and riboflavin to an extent of 40\% within 60 s \\ \end{tabular} & [36] \\ \hline PVA & & Donepezil & [37] \\ \hline PVA & CD & Haloperidol &
\begin{tabular}{c} Decrease initial disintegration time and increasing the release rate through the addition of randomly methylated b- CD \\ \end{tabular} & [38] \\ \hline PVA & b-CD & Curcumin & A rate improvement at lower levels of drug content & [39] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Electrospump poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanofibers for drug-delivery application. Buprenorphine hydrochloride (Bup) is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kappa-opioid receptor in the central nervous system. The agonist action results in a raised pain threshold and an increase in pain tolerance [47]. Bup was frequently used in the treatment of cancer and chronic pains [48]. Nowadays, Bup is mostly used as an analgesic for pain relief or opioid use disorder procedures [49; 50; 51]. It is considered to be approximately 30 times stronger than morphine after surgeries. Current commercially-marketed products of Bup in humans with different administration methods such as injection, tablet, film, patches and implants are available. The injection administration of Bup is a parenteral opioid analgesic intended for intravenous or intramuscular administration for alleviating moderate to severe pain. However, in order to maintain effective analgesia levels, Bup must be administered at least two or three times daily; this frequent dosing requires more personnel effort and more handling, however. Tablets of Bup have been suggested for the treatment of opioid dependence by sublingual administration because of the poor oral bioavailability of Bup. Despite the convenient use of tablets, to deter the abuse of tablets, intravenous injection is used with opioid antagonist Bup tablets. The transdermal Bup patch was first launched in 2001 and is now marketed all over Europe [52], used to treat moderate to severe cancer pains and severe pain which does not respond to non-opioid analgesics. It is not suitable for the treatment of acute pain, though. Transdermal patches of Bup can offer several benefits over other kinds of conventional drug administration methods, including ease of administration, continuous drug delivery, increased bioavailability and less potential for abuse [53].