# The Role of Macrophage Dynamics in Atherosclerosis Analyzed Using a Petri Net-Based Model
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Presentation of the Model and the Results of Its Formal Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Place** & **Biological Meaning** & **References** & **Place** & **Biological Meaning** & **References** \\ \hline \(p_{3}\) & E-selectin with P-selectin complex & [34; 54] & \(p_{26}\) & LPS & [55] \\ \hline \(p_{4}\) & VLA-4 and VCAM-1 & [54] & \(p_{27}\) & foam cell & [3; 34] \\ \hline \(p_{5}\) & LFA-1 and ICAM-1 & [54] & \(p_{28}\) & cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF, IL-23, IL-2 & [34] \\ \hline \(p_{6}\) & high endothelial selectins & [34; 54] & \(p_{29}\) & chemokines CCI2, CCI5, CXCL1 & [34] \\ \hline \(p_{7}\) & PSGL-1 of tethered monocytes to EC & [54] & \(p_{30}\) & macrophage retention factors, including & \\  & & & netrin-1 and semaphorin 3E & [34] \\ \hline \(p_{8}\) & chemokines CCL2, CX3 CL1, and CCL5 & & & \\  & secreted by EC intimal, macrophages, & [34; 55] & \(p_{31}\) & inflammatory mediators & [34] \\  & and SMCs & & & \\ \hline \(p_{9}\) & lipid molecules, lipoproteins, and Apo & [34; 55] & \(p_{32}\) & M2 macrophages predominant & [8; 50; 56] \\  & accumulated in the intima & & in adventitia & \\ \hline \(p_{10}\) & CMPs and GMPs in bone marrow & [38] & \(p_{33}\) & IL-4, IL-13, IL-1, vitamin D3 & [50] \\ \hline \(p_{11}\) & Ly6C\({}^{low}\), CCR2 low, CX3 CR1 high, & [8; 34; 54] & \(p_{34}\) & IL-10 & [8; 50; 56] \\  & patrolling monocytes & & & \\ \hline \(p_{12}\) & monocytes Ly6C\({}^{high}\), CCR2 high, & [34; 54] & \(p_{35}\) & low ABCA1 & [38] \\  & CX3 CR1 low & & & \\ \hline \(p_{13}\) & low HDL & [38] & \(p_{36}\) & low ABCG1 & [38] \\ \hline \(p_{14}\) & extramedullary HSPCs & [38; 57] & \(p_{37}\) & local low APOE & [38] \\ \hline \(p_{15}\) & low ApoE & [38; 53] & \(p_{38}\) & cells accumulated & [38] \\ \hline \(p_{16}\) & low CXCL12 & [38; 57] & \(p_{39}\) & \begin{tabular}{l} restorative atherosclerotic plaque caused \\ by IL-10 \\ \end{tabular} & [56] \\ \hline \(p_{17}\) & \
\begin{tabular}{l} decrease in osteoblasts and \\ nestin-positive mesenchymal stem \\ cells (MSCs) \\ \end{tabular} & [38; 58] & \(p_{40}\) & high TLR4 & [38] \\ \hline \(p_{18}\) & HSPCs mobilized in bone marrow & [38; 57] & \(p_{41}\) & oxLDL & [34] \\ \hline \(p_{19}\) & G-CSF with GMP complex & [38; 58] & \(p_{42}\) &
\begin{tabular}{l} atherosclerotic plaque with poor \\ dynamic balance instability \\ \end{tabular} & [3; 34; 56] \\ \hline \(p_{20}\) & G-CSF & [38; 58] & \(p_{43}\) & myeloperoxidase peroxynitrite & [34] \\ \hline \(p_{21}\) & IL-17 & [38; 53; 58] & \(p_{44}\) & thrombus & [3; 34] \\ \hline \(p_{22}\) & high IL-23 & [38; 53] & \(p_{45}\) & atherosclerotic plaque, early phase & [3; 34] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The list of transitions and their biological meaning. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Transition** & **Biological Meaning** & **References** & **Transition** & **Biological Meaning** & **References** \\ \hline \(t_{0}\) & monocyte differentiation & [3; 9; 34] & \(t_{21}\) & \begin{tabular}{l} local production of M-CSF in the \\ vessel wall \\ \end{tabular} & [9; 55] \\ \hline \(t_{1}\) & \begin{tabular}{l} monocyte entry into \\ subendothelial space \\ diapedesis \\ \end{tabular} & [34; 54] & \(t_{22}\) & \begin{tabular}{l} SRA1 and CD36 binding \\ \end{tabular} & [3] \\ \hline \(t_{2}\) & \begin{tabular}{l} monocyte slow roll on the \\ inflamed endothelium \\ \end{tabular} & [34; 54] & \(t_{23}\) & \begin{tabular}{l} oxidative processes in the \\ artery wall \\ \end{tabular} & [34] \\ \hline \(t_{3}\) & \
\begin{tabular}{l} endothelial selectin \\ increased expression on \\ cell surface \\ \end{tabular} & [34; 54] & \(t_{24}\) & secretion by foam cells & [34] \\ \hline \(t_{4}\) &
\begin{tabular}{l} monocyte roll over \\ \end{tabular} & [54] & \(t_{25}\) & local inflammatory process & [34] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._