# Enhancing Route Guidance with Integrated V2X Communication and Transportation Systems: A Review
## 1 Introduction  
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## 1 Introduction  
A smart city is a community in which smart devices are spread throughout, collecting and storing data from various locations. This information is then analyzed to help residents make better-informed decisions [1]. Every aspect of daily life, including the healthcare sector, business, hospitals, workplaces, transportation, parking, and smart grids, is included in smart cities. Advanced technologies such as cloud computing, client-server architecture, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), central database management systems, and more are used to create and manage intelligent cities. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have emerged as one of the most extensively investigated topics on a global scale [2]. Many heavily populated cities around the word are suffering from traffic congestion in their road systems. Traffic congestion has many serious consequences, for instance, increased fuel consumption, air pollution and the loss of productive time for delayed road users [3]. Traditional approaches for solving traffic congestion mainly considered improving or adding additional capacities to the road network. Such solutions are usually very expensive, time-inefficient and thus are not always sustainable solutions. For example, the construction of new roadways is estimated to cost up to USD 50 million per mile, in urban areas [4]. Therefore, more cost-efficient and more effective solutions are suggested. Such solutions depend on improving the efficiency and capacity of existing transportation systems. This has been supported by the development of Traffic Management Centers (TMCs). These centers apply several techniques to improve the traffic performance within the controlled area. One of the major techniques applied within a TMC is the real-time vehicle route guidance system (RGS), which employs traffic assignment information to recommend an optimal path for road users [5]. Incorporating different real-time road traffic information in a TMC would help in generating more accurate estimates of travel time and thus efficiently guide the moving vehicles [6]. The rapid developments in connected vehicle technology, such as integrated wireless communications and global position system (GPS), helped in the promotion and deployment of real-time RGS systems in ITS [7]. In addition, it has been utilized to facilitate the interaction between users and the traffic management system [8]. Researchers in transportation systems, particularly from the civil engineering perspective, have extensively explored route guidance systems, focusing primarily on algorithmic approaches to optimize routing for vehicle users [9, 10, 11]. However, relatively little attention has been given to examining these systems from the communication perspective. While numerous studies have investigated the impact of network communication performance on overall transportation system performance [12, 13, 14], there is a significant gap in research addressing how communication delays and data packet delivery influence the provision of optimal route solutions for commuters.