# PFDA-FMEA, an Integrated Method Improving FMEA Assessment in Product Design
### Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Literature Review  
The FMEA is used in a broad variety of applications and different study areas. Some authors mix methodologies to improve it and make the FMEA application robust for their processes under study. [PERSON] et al. [14] used Bayesian Network and FMEA for the decision making logic, to improve safety in autonomous vehicles. [PERSON] et al. [15] used the FMEA methodology as a basis to analyze the failures in hybrid energy systems; they include the Failure Tree Analysis (FTA) to identify risks between the different electronic components, identifying the critical components in the hybrid energy system. [PERSON] et al. [16] proposed the use of FMEA to analyze and prevent risks in Cyber-Physical Systems; the authors also proposed an alternative method to estimate the RPN in the FMEA using economic impact. [PERSON] et al. [17] suggested the use of FMEA for risks management in the agricultural sector; they add the use of the TOPSIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodologies and add the ranking of severity, time, cost, and quality, summarizing that their method works to analyze the risks to investment projects considering those factors. Besides, [PERSON] et al. used AHP and FMEA to [18] solve production problems; later, [PERSON] et al. [19] added AHP, EDAS, Fuzzy, and FMEA methods in a renewable energy problem. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [20] applied FMEA and Fuzzy FMEA and demonstrate the method in a practical case using sensors to obtain the data of the process and found good results in controlling the quality of the hot-pressing process. Another application of the FMEA is in the construction industry; [PERSON] et al. [21] used the FMEA in a combination of Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) for risk management in the construction industry. The authors based their proposed method on the FMEA method and used SWARA to calculate the weights of the risk factors, proposing a new adaptation of the FMEA process. In addition, in recent works, we found a fusion between neutrosophic logic and best worst method to improve Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) [22]. In recent investigations, classical FMEA is still used to solve problems in the industry [23]. FMEA is a useful tool to identify risks in multicriteria problems; however, FMEA has a weakness identified in the literature [24; 25; 26; 27]: the uncertainty when the RPN value is the same, and the factors S, O, and D have a different order. Besides the different opinions,FMEA is a popular tool used to identify product risks before, during, and after the PD process; moreover, applying new techniques to this tool is also common in improving the outputs, like FMEA and Multi-Criteria integrated by [PERSON] et al. [28]. Many authors also combine methods to improve specific processes, like [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29], who used FMEA with grey relational theory to correct the same FMEA flaw on the RPN. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [30] use fuzzy and grey theories to predict failure with a practical example. [PERSON] et al. [31] applied the fuzzy VIKOR technique to FMEA enterprise architecture's risk evaluation. [PERSON] et al. [32] applied Fuzzy Integrated FMEA to the NPD process in the flexible electronics field. The literature additionally includes combinations using FMEA and Fuzzy techniques [19; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37]. Later, [PERSON] et al. [38] applied the Best Worst Method and GRA-VIKOR mixed with fuzzy logic methods for oil and gas projects; the authors concluded that the prioritization of risks is better compared to the conventional FMEA method. Thus, other hybrid methods are reported [39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44], for example rough best-worst method (R-BWM) and TOPSIS [45] help with analyzing judges' weights and ranking in FMEA assessment. [PERSON] in [46] also uses a hybrid method applying IFS and Potentially All Pairwise Rankings of All Possible Alternatives (PAPRIKA) to FMEA for risk assessment on nuclear waste segregation.