###### Abstract
On the other hand, however, conducting tests under controlled conditions to the full extent may be associated with a lack of authenticity of the acquired data [17]. This is why the planning and design stage of simulation studies is so important and directly affects the quality and usability of the data obtained and the resulting validity of the conclusions drawn. The aspect of authenticity of the study was also very important during the research planned at the Motor Transport Institute in Warsaw concerning the behavior of drivers approaching pedestrian crossings, in different variants of pedestrian crossing markings, such as classic vertical signs, luminous vertical signs, and luminous horizontal signs, occurring in different configurations. The simulator facilities used at the Motor Transport Institute in Warsaw are a highly advanced technology for carrying out extensive analyses of the behavior of drivers of not only passenger vehicles, but also heavy goods vehicles in near-real conditions, reproducing in a simulated environment the same reactions as driving a motor vehicle in normal road conditions. In addition to the passenger car simulators described in this study, we can distinguish, for example, simulators for military applications, where the training of soldiers or service personnel takes place under controlled conditions in which there is no likelihood of a catastrophe associated with the improper handling of equipment or vehicles. The same applies to flight simulators, where pilots undergo an extensive training process. The procedures that take place during such training are the same as those that take place in real-world conditions. However, in addition to simulators that are so advanced, there are other simulator solutions that provide variety and a very high degree of innovation during training [18]. At the TRAKO 2023 trade fair organized in Gdarisk, the simulators used during the training process for employees of the Polish Railway Lines were presented, an example being a simulator for operating a platform for disabled people on electric multiple units [19]. This makes it possible to conduct a range of training courses in a minimally invasive way, with the aim of assimilating appropriate operating procedures. This study addresses a very complex issue of road safety, in particular, relating to the behavior of both vulnerable road users and drivers of motor vehicles. In the case of the tests carried out directly in traffic, a driver performing particular tasks aimed at testing his or her alertness and ability to assess the situation under given conditions would be exposed, as well as endangering other road users, which is of course unacceptable. This is why the development of highly sophisticated driving simulators was such a breakthrough achievement. They offer the capability to replicate real-world conditions in a simulated environment, ensuring safety in the event of a collision or accident. Currently, there is a dynamic development of innovative pedestrian crossings with specific parameters [20]. However, they can also contribute to traffic congestion in certain areas. These crossings not only enhance road safety, but also improve traffic flow, thereby reducing congestion [21]. Pedestrian crossings are crucial for ensuring the safety of road users and are also an integral part of road infrastructure. Autonomous or semi-autonomous cars pose a new group of hazards in transport, particularly in terms of pedestrian safety at crossings [22]. Despite obstacle recognition and tracking devices becoming increasingly sophisticated and aided by AI (artificial intelligence), there is still little public confidence in these vehicles.