# Superhydrophobic Coating Solutions for Deicing Control in Aircraft
## 1 Introduction
Both the spin and spray-coated samples displayed a high contact angle (CA) (>150\({}^{\circ}\)), a low contact angle hysteresis (<6\({}^{\circ}\)), and a roll-off property. While the spin-coated sample had a significantly reduced ice adhesion strength, the ice adhesion strength on the spray-coated sample was surprisingly similar to that of the uncoated sample. This study highlights that a surface's icephobic properties may not directly correspond  
Figure 1: **(a)** Schematic diagram of contact angle and [PERSON]’s equation. **(b)** Schematic diagram of dynamic contact angle measurement. **(c)** Schematic diagram of rolling angle measurement. **(d)** Hydrophobic model and its prototype in nature and electron micrograph. **(e)** Superhydrophobic model and its prototype in nature and electron mi-crograph. **(f)** Slipperyliquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) model and its prototype in nature and electron micrograph. Reprinted with permission under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license from [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Advances in Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Surfaces Made from Silicones: Fabrication and Application. Polymers 2023, 15, 543. [[https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030543](https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030543)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030543](https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030543)) [10]. to its superhydrophobicity, and further investigations, such as considering the effects of icing conditions, are necessary. Additionally, the ice-repelling behavior of the spray-coated sample was found to improve at lower levels of liquid water content (LWC) and under icing conditions characterized by smaller water droplet size. The role of surface topology on superhydrophobic/icphobic properties has been also investigated by the authors in [12] where, despite high water-repellence with low heat transfer in superhydrophobic surfaces having been widely found for anti-icing purposes, at low temperatures, condensation phenomena occur with the result of more ice adhesion by wetting of the micro- and nanostructures. To address this issue, researchers have developed five different superhydrophobic coatings at the microscale by adjusting the weight ratio of surface-modified nanoparticles to unmodified ones. The strength of ice adhesion and the temperature at which ice nucleation occurs were examined, along with the impact of moisture condensation on ice adhesion. The mechanism and condition of ice strength and formation do not seem to be related to merely morphological aspects of the coating, evidencing the key but not unique role of the roughness in determining the surface features. The results address a more careful surface design underlying the top superhydrophobic coating. Various studies [13; 14; 15] have designed strategies to create an anti-icing surface for specific industrial coating patches or objects carrying out surface modifications with the ice-phobic characteristic embedded into currently existing commercial coatings for real-world uses. The wide use of polyurethane-based products in the paint and coating industry suggested by a study [16] about the icephoicity of a micron-scaled hydrophobic heterogeneous treatment on Polyurethane Aerospace Coating., an icphobic coating (PPG Industries), evidencing the role of coating in postponing the formation of frost while reducing ice adhesion strength. A copolymer composed of hard and soft sections, poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(lauryl methacrylate-2-hydroxy-3-(1-amino dodecyl)propyl methacrylate), respectively, a hydrophobic heterogeneity was obtained at the micron-scale at segregation level, resulting in the maintenance of the icophobic properties. The presence of distinct segments with opposite features provides a particular characteristic appearing in a wrinkled design of the coated layer (Figure 2). The integration of icophobic solutions with active systems and their testing represents the transition period in which newly achieved coating systems begin to couple existing efficient, but energy-consuming devices.