## 1 Introduction
Therefore, it would be useful to establish a method and data to determine the efficiency within the EU in the field of digitalization policy and the e-Government area [14]. The United Nations has created a database to record and store data on the development of e-Government in 193 countries around the world. An important indicator of e-Government development and progress is the e-Government Development Index, abbreviated as EGDI. Out of 43 European countries, 24 countries have achieved a very high EGDI. European Union countries are among the leaders in e-Government because all countries have a high or very high level of EGDI [14]. According to the EGDI, a number of countries have low levels of e-Government, but of the selected countries, all have very high levels of the EGDI, apart from Romania. Table 4 shows the level of the EGDI in selected countries. Denmark and Finland are in the leading positions (in reverse order compared to the DESI). The top five countries are Denmark, Finland, South Korea, New Zealand, Iceland, and Iceland. Of the selected countries, Spain is the leader followed by Germany, Lithuania, and lastly Romania. Lithuania and Romania recorded the highest number of marriages compared to 2018. Spain's progress has been moderate, but Germany has made almost no progress in 4 years [14]. A total of 87% of services across Europe require identification, either offline or online. Electronic identification solutions (referred to as eIDs) are like online passports. People use their eID to prove who they are online. The European leaders in eID are Iceland, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Norway, Malta, Lithuania, and Denmark, where more than 90% of services are available through a national eID. Figure 2 shows the digital maturity of all participating countries. The overall maturity score is composed of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Countries** & **EGDI 2022** & **Rank 2022** & **EGDI 2018** & **Change 2022–2018** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{TOP 5} & Denmark & 1 & 0.9717 & 0.915 & \(56.7\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Finland & 2 & 0.9533 & 0.8815 & \(71.8\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Republic of Korea & 3 & 0.9529 & 0.901 & \(51.9\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & New Zealand & 4 & 0.9432 & 0.8806 & \(62.6\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Iceland & 5 & 0.941 & 0.8316 & \(109.4\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \hline Spain & 18 & 0.8842 & 0.8415 & \(42.7\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \hline Germany & 22 & 0.877 & 0.8765 & \(0.5\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \hline Lithuania & 24 & 0.8745 & 0.7534 & \(121.1\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \hline Romania & 57 & 0.7619 & 0.6671 & \(94.8\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Source: publicadministration.un.org, (online). (accessed on 7 March 2023). Available on the Internet: [[https://lnk.sk/ughl](https://lnk.sk/ughl)]([https://lnk.sk/ughl](https://lnk.sk/ughl)) (accessed on 29 March 2022). Own processing.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: EGDI levels in selected countries and the five best countries. the four key dimensions of User Centricity, Transparency, Key Enablers, and Cross-Border Services [15]. Malta has the most mature digital government, at 96%, followed by Estonia at 90%. The selected countries are ranked Germany (63%), Lithuania (83%), Hungary (66%), and Spain (79%). Lithuania achieved a surprising result as it ranked the best among the selected countries. Overall, most EU countries have a high level of digital maturity [15]. Digital transformation in public administration is very important. There are many studies that deal with this area, and in recent years several academic articles have been written in this field (Table 5). Figure 2: The digital maturity of European countries.