# A Systematic Review of the Usability of Telemedicine Interface Design for Older Adults
## 3 Results
### Usability Evaluation Methods for Interface Design
Among the 41 studies included in this review, 12 utilized the SUS scale for the usability assessment, while 3 conducted usability testing experiments. Additionally, two studies employed the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and another two used the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Other methods included the modified Computer Self-Efficacy Scale (mCSES), Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX), eHealth Impact Questionnaire (eHIQ), Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ), Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS), Nielsen's usability model, Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), and Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (H-ITUES), with each of these methods being represented by a single study in the evaluations. One study did not specify the usability evaluation scale clearly, but relied solely on questionnaires to assess the usability from various dimensions. Furthermore, 18 studies did not conduct clear usability evaluations. A summary of usability testing methods is provided in Table 3. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Evaluation Method** & **Evaluation Dimension and Rating Items (Define)** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Usability testing experiment} & Effectiveness, productivity, error safety & [54] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Ease of use, personalization, communication facilitator & [73] \\  & (overall impression) & \\ \cline{2-3}  & Occasionally using VS, regularly using tunneling, similarity, & \\ \cline{2-3}  & liking, suggestions and reminders, social role, simulation, & [50] \\ \cline{2-3}  & self-monitoring, reduction, personalization, rewards, social & \\ \cline{2-3}  & learning, social comparison, praise & \\ \cline{2-3}  & The total number of actions per screen, the number of & \\ \cline{2-3}  & incorrect clicks per task, and the time (in seconds) to complete & [86] \\ \cline{2-3}  & each task successfully & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{System Usability Scale (SUS)} & Assess satisfaction, ease of use and navigation, simplicity, & [20; 53; 55; 60; 66; 68; 72; 75; 76; 77; 78; 75; 78; 72; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 87] \\  & usefulness, presentation, efficiency, and acceptance & [20; 53; 75; 76; 77; 88; 72; 75; 78; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 87] \\  & addressing application errors and fostering excitement & [20; 53; 55; 60; 66; 68; 72; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 87] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{modified Computer Self-Efficacy Scale (mCSES)} & Internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, and & [68] \\ \cline{2-3}  & User Experience & Attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, & [53; 87] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Questionnaire (UEQ) & stimulation, novelty & [55] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX)} & Functionality meets requirements, frustration in usage, ease of & [55] \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & use, time spent correcting & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{eHealth Impact Questionnaire (eHIQ)} & Attitudes, confidence and identification, information and & [87] \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & presentation, understanding and motivation. & [87] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ)} & System usefulness, information quality, interface quality, & [51] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Questionnaire (CSUQ) & overall satisfaction & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Summary of existing usability evaluation methods.