# UaVirBASE: A Public-Access Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sound Source Localization Dataset
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Software  
The creation of the UaVirBASE Recorder software (version 1.0) was motivated by a clear need to overcome the limitations of existing audio recording tools for scientific research. While widely used platforms like Audacity [45] provide basic recording functionalities, they lack the advanced features, flexibility, and precision required for complex experimental setups, such as sound source localization using microphone arrays. Our goal \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Component** & **Model/Description** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Key** \\ **Specifications/Features** \\ \end{tabular} & **Purpose** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{UAV} & DJI Mavic 3 Cine (DJI, & \\  & Shenzhen, China) & Quadrocopter & Acoustic sound \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Microphones} & Rade NTG2 (R\(\&\)DDE & Supercardioid, 20 Hz-20 \\  & Microphones, Sydney, & kHz, 113 dB dynamic & Directional sound \\  & Australia) & range & capture \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Microphone Mount} & Custom dual-level & Two levels (4 mics each), & \\  & frame (self-made) & adjustable distance and & Spatial audio array \\  & & angle & configuration \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Audio Interface} & Behringer UMC1820 & 8 XLR inputs, 32-bit, & Multi-channel \\  & (Behringer, & supports 96 kHz \\  & Zhongshan, China) & sampling rate & acquisition \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Secondary Recorder} & Zoom H4 essential & \multirow{2}{*}{2-channel, 96 kHz/32-bit} & Whole session \\  & (Zoom Corporation, & Dongguan, China) & float & recorder \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Weather Station} & SenseCAP S2120 & Temp, wind speed, & \\  & (Seed Studio, & \\  & Shenzhen, China) & bumidity, barometric & Environmental \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Distance Measurement} & Bosch GLM 150 C & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\pm 1.5\) mm accuracy, up to 150 m range} & Drone distance \\  & Laser (Bosch, Penang, & Malaysia) & 150 m range & positioning \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Mounting Hardware} & FDM 3D-printed & \multirow{2}{*}{Custom brackets, arms, (self-made)} & Microphone \\  & components & & positioning and \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Hardware components summary. Figure 6: Single microphone mounting with adjustable horizontal positioning along the arm. was to design a system that not only meets the technical demands of such experiments but also facilitates efficient data collection and ensures the integrity of the resulting datasets. One of the primary challenges we faced was the inflexibility of commercial or open-source recording tools. Most existing solutions do not allow researchers to dynamically modify recording parameters such as the sampling rate, bit depth, or microphone configurations during an experiment. This lack of adaptability can hinder experimental workflows and limit the ability to capture data under varying conditions. Furthermore, many of these tools are tailored for general-purpose audio recording rather than the high-performance requirements of scientific studies. Another critical limitation was the lack of automated data labeling in existing software. Labeling experimental data manually is time-consuming and prone to human error, especially when dealing with large datasets. For our research, which involves the creation of a public-access dataset for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sound source localization, accuracy in labeling is paramount. Automated labeling features in the UaVirBASE Recorder ensure that all data are consistently and correctly annotated, eliminating potential errors and significantly speeding up the data processing pipeline. In addition to the above limitations, cross-platform compatibility emerged as another important consideration. Many recording programs behave inconsistently across operating systems, with Linux often lacking robust support for advanced recording functionalities. Given that our experimental setup required a Linux-based environment for its stability and integration with other research tools, existing solutions proved insufficient.