(2016) [4], the most effective way of counteracting climate change is the choice of plant material, but this cannot provide an immediate means to counteract climate change. In addition, a clear classification of the varieties according to drought tolerance still needs significant research to be developed. Irrigation, besides having a high financial and environmental impact, can result in salt accumulation in the soil, creating a new kind of stress and becoming less feasible in a context of limited water availability [4]. The adoption of nebulized water cooling of the canopy to preserve fruit composition and improve the aroma potential of grapes has the same drawbacks as irrigation [13]. Elicitors are one of the most commonly used strategies to increase secondary metabolite content in berries. Previous studies indicated that elicitors stimulate an \"immune-like\" response in grapes, triggering the production and accumulation of compounds such as polyphenols, phytoalgebras, stilbenes, anthocyanins, and tannins [5; 9; 14]. Inactive dry yeast extracts (DYE) are a group of elicitors that can induce the accumulation of phenols, terpenoids, and other aromatic compounds [5; 14]. Thus, DYE treatments are gaining interest as tools that can be exploited in organically managed vineyards to enhance the aroma profile of white grape varieties in the presence of unfavorable climatic conditions. According to [PERSON] et al. (2016) [15], DYE applied to SB grapes increased the berry content of antioxidants, in particular GSH, certain amino acids, esters, and the precursors of aromatic thiols [15]. [PERSON] et al. (2019) [5] observed an increase in anthocyanin production and berry skin thickness and reported an upregulation of volatile compounds, namely free acetate and ethyl esters, after DYE treatment. Furthermore, the authors proposed DYE as an effective method to counteract some of the consequences of climate change, such as heat stress [5]. While the positive effects exerted by DYE on aroma precursors or secondary metabolites are well documented, very little is known about the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of DYE, and a comprehensive transcriptional overview of such effects is lacking. In fact, [PERSON] et al. (2020) [14] have shown, through a targeted approach, that some key genes (e.g., UFGT) of the anthocyanin pathway are transcriptionally induced by the treatment with DYE in grapevine berries of the red variety Sangiovese. The same authors have hypothesized that this effect may take place as a consequence of an elicitor-like action of DYE, finally leading to the downstream activation of the above-mentioned genes. However, a systematic overview of the transcriptional changes induced by DYE on grape berries is currently missing, and the signaling pathways that may be involved in this process are currently unknown [14]. The purpose of this work was to fill this gap by studying in detail the biochemical and molecular effects of foliar applications of DYE on SB grapes and providing a hint on the molecular signaling pathways that may underpin the improvement in berry aroma and secondary metabolism. Overall, our study aimed to obtain a comprehensive overview, by RNA-Seq, of the transcriptional signatures evoked by the treatment with DYE to provide a systematic molecular frame for their specific mode of action. In particular, we wanted to highlight the transcriptional rewiring of the specific metabolic, hormonal, and oxidative stress responses that are evoked by DYE without impacting the overall ripening process, thus providing a first draft of the DYE elicitor-like molecular action.