## 3 Case Analysis
### Resilience Enhancement

Table 4: Resilience obstacle degree to flood disasters. Figure 4: Results of the obstacle degree analysis at the index Layer. Underground, to prevent rainwater ingress. Concurrently, it is imperative to conduct annual safety inspections of the station's drainage outlets and their connections to the municipal pipeline network and drainage facilities prior to the flood season. Any outdated or defective components should be promptly replaced to ensure the effective functioning of the drainage system. In the event of extreme rainfall, it is advisable for each site to maintain an adequate supply of materials and equipment, such as sandbags and flood barriers, to implement temporary self-protection measures. This may involve sealing entrances, exits, ventilation ducts, and transfer passage interfaces. The adoption of advanced automated electric flood prevention gates, such as those installed at Jinan Metro stations, can significantly enhance flood prevention efficiency. Additionally, waterproofing measures should be implemented, including the application of waterproof coatings to tunnel walls and subway stations, as well as the construction of waterproof barriers within the station to mitigate water infiltration and intrusion, thereby safeguarding subway station infrastructure. 2. Enhancing Resilience Measures  
To bolster resilience, it is crucial to refine the emergency response plan. This involves enhancing the comprehensive command system for flood emergencies by leveraging modern computer network technology for hazard analysis and risk assessment. Responsibilities and tasks for rescue teams should be clearly delineated, fostering close collaboration with relevant departments, including the subway company, public security, and fire services. Regular training and drills focused on flood prevention emergency protocols should be conducted to enhance rescue capabilities. Upgrading the drainage system is also necessary, which entails increasing pipe diameters and drainage capacity to accommodate heavy rainfall during extreme weather events. The design of a multi-layer drainage system is recommended, incorporating surface drainage, underground drainage, and deep drainage strategies. This layered approach will help alleviate water accumulation pressure within the subway station. 3. Enhancing Adaptability Measures  
To improve external flood discharge capacity, the construction of low-lying gardens, underground runoff systems, and rainwater retention basins is recommended, which is akin to the strategies employed by the New York subway system following Hurricane Sandy. The introduction of the \"sponge city\" design concept in the landscaping around station entrances and exits is also advisable. This may include the implementation of grassed ditches, permeable pavements, and sunken green spaces to enhance the environment's capacity for water absorption and infiltration. Furthermore, the establishment of an information-based dynamic monitoring and early warning system is essential for real-time monitoring and warning analysis. This system should include flood prevention water level warning markers and alert levels within the camera observation range, enabling the monitoring of water levels through surveillance cameras and facilitating timely flood prevention emergency drills. By implementing these measures, the resilience, recovery, and adaptability of subway stations will be significantly improved, thereby enhancing their capacity to effectively respond to the challenges posed by flood disasters.