###### Abstract
Consequently, process topological design and value stream maps are interconnected, providing essential insights into the structure and flow of activities within a system. Buffer allocation, an integral component of topology design, facilitates efficient material and information flow management by strategically placing buffers at appropriate locations to balance the system, minimise bottlenecks, and optimise overall system performance [26]. This study aims to develop a process mapping approach that utilises finite queueing networks to analyse material logistics systems' performance within manufacturing facilities. Specifically, the focus is on the intra-logistics process, which involves transporting raw materials to different feeding points based on demand, and the outbound logistics process, which encompasses preparing finished goods for shipment to diverse customers. This research uses finite queueing network models to estimate key performance metrics such as waiting time, resource utilisation, and throughput. Finite queueing networks have proven valuable tools for modelling operations in manufacturing setups and determiningappropriate buffer sizes. These networks capture the flow of entities (such as materials or customers) through a series of interconnected queues, representing the various stages or service stations within the manufacturing process. By incorporating factors such as arrival rates, service times, and queue capacities, finite queueing networks enable researchers and practitioners to simulate and analyse real-life scenarios more accurately [27; 28]. Compared to infinite systems, which assume an infinite capacity for queues, finite queueing networks provide a more realistic representation of operational constraints and resource limitations. Due to physical and cost constraints, manufacturing setups typically have finite capacities for machines, workstations, and buffers. Researchers can model scenarios closely resembling manufacturing environments by considering these finite capacities [29]. By leveraging finite queueing networks, researchers can simulate different buffer allocation strategies, evaluate their impact on performance metrics such as throughput, waiting times, and resource utilisation, and ultimately determine the optimal buffer sizes for optimal operations. These models allow for experimentation and optimisation, enabling decision-makers to make informed choices regarding buffer allocations that balance operational efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and customer satisfaction [30; 31]. This research seeks to make a scholarly contribution by delving into optimising buffer allocations in the material transfer process involving a homogeneous fleet of trucks. The study concentrates on two crucial material handling processes: Inter-facility transfer and outbound logistics. Notably, the significance of this study lies in its pioneering approach to buffer allocation problems within an organisational context, taking into account both ends of the logistics process. This research unfolds in two distinct phases, with the initial phase focusing on inter-facility material transfer and the second phase dedicated to outbound logistics. While prior studies have explored buffer allocation problems, they have predominantly concentrated on a singular logistics process. Consequently, this study takes a critical stride towards an integrated analysis of logistics processes within an organisational setup, specifically concerning buffer allocation problems. The remaining sections of this study are organised as follows. Section 2 extensively reviews the existing literature about process mapping applications, buffer allocation problems, and the methodologies employed in previous studies. This section provides a comprehensive examination of prior research to establish the foundation for the current study. Section 3 explains the methodology adopted for the present investigation, outlining the key steps and procedures involved.