# GPS-Induced Disparity Correction for Accurate Object Placement in Augmented Reality
###### Abstract  
The use of augmented reality (AR) continues to increase, particularly in marketing and advertising, where virtual objects are showcased in the AR world, thereby expanding its various applications. In this paper, a method of linking coordinate systems to connect the metaverse with the real world is proposed and a system for correcting and displaying virtual objects in the AR environment is implemented. The proposed method calculates errors to accurately represent virtual objects in AR and presents a method to show these objects without errors. The proposed method was verified through experiments to successfully display virtual objects in AR. To minimize localization errors, semantic segmentation was used to recognize objects and estimate buildings, thereby correcting the device location. An error correction expression is also presented. The proposed system is designed to correct and display virtual objects in AR, with confirmed functionality for location correction. augmented reality; semantic segmentation; 3D object rendering; GPS accuracy 3D coordinate system integration +
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instrumental in precisely mapping AR objects onto the corresponding physical buildings, ensuring seamless integration of virtual and real elements [9]. Finally, markerless pose tracking for AR delves into the nuances of accurately aligning virtual images with physical structures without the need for physical markers, a method that significantly improves user experience in AR applications [10]. To address the challenge of global positioning system (GPS) inaccuracies, a pivotal aspect of enhancing the AR experience lies in GPS-induced error detection and correction. Previous research has shed light on the existing technologies and methodologies for such purpose. These previous studies explored various approaches to identify and mitigate GPS inaccuracies, which are critical for ensuring the precise placement of AR elements in real-world coordinates. Advanced techniques in image-based localization and camera-pose estimation have been discussed, which play a significant role in GPS error compensation [11]. Correcting geometric distortions in stereoscopic 3D imaging is intimately linked to accurate GPS positioning [12]. The fusion of map and satellite data for outdoor localization, which highlights the importance of integrating multiple data sources to enhance the accuracy of GPS systems in AR applications, has been explored [13; 14]. Collective efforts to refine GPS accuracy are fundamental for advancing the reliability and usability of AR technology in various settings. A critical component in the realm of AR is the advancement of camera-position estimation and 3D imaging technologies. Previous studies have emphasized the significance of these technologies for AR environments. Innovative methods for camera-pose estimation, a fundamental aspect that determines the accuracy and effectiveness of AR applications, have been explored [15; 16]. Precise camera localization is paramount to ensure that virtual elements align correctly with the real world [17; 18]. An overview of image-based camera-localization techniques, which are essential for the seamless integration of 3D elements into physical spaces, was presented in [19]. These advancements in camera position estimation and 3D imaging not only enhance the user experience by providing more realistic and immersive AR scenarios but also extend the potential applications of AR technology to various fields, including navigation, gaming, and education. This collective body of work underscores the ongoing innovations and improvements in camera technology essential for the evolution of AR. These studies provide insight into the vast potential of AR across various sectors, emphasizing its transformative impact on marketing, education, and beyond [20; 21]. However, they also highlight the need for improved localization techniques to ensure that AR content, particularly advertising objects, is displayed accurately and reliably in the user's environment.