## 3 Results  
### Land Use and Land Cover Changes  
The nomenclatures of the land use and land cover classes can be found at the bottom of Tables 1 and 2. The greatest extensions in area were observed for the classes EBF, SV, GL, WSV, WB, CL, PW, DBF, UBL and MF, from 3.37 M to 1.55 K km\({}^{2}\), respectively, while ENF, DNF, OS and BN classes were smaller than 200 km\({}^{2}\), and CS and NVM, were smaller than 1000 km\({}^{2}\). The PSI class was not observed (Table 2, Figure S1). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Classes** & **ENF 1** & **EBF** & **DNF** & **DBF** & **MF** & **CS** & **OS** & **WSV** \\ \hline
**2009** & 126.49 & 3,374,351.77 & 0.74 & 9370.81 & 2685.39 & 313.90 & 170.61 & 219,487.50 \\
**2010** & 110.76 & 3,363,598.69 & 0.00 & 10,976.39 & 2837.62 & 320.71 & 100.80 & 223,691.17 \\
**2011** & 114.47 & 3,356,746.45 & 0.00 & 11,235.69 & 2671.78 & 332.30 & 64.89 & 226,820.70 \\
**2012** & 119.11 & 3,351,448.68 & 0.00 & 12,161.83 & 2525.68 & 383.75 & 59.83 & 225,836.89 \\
**2013** & 132.59 & 3,346,877.56 & 0.00 & 12,592.50 & 2292.61 & 419.95 & 60.18 & 225,740.05 \\
**2014** & 141.44 & 3,341,805.65 & 0.00 & 13,785.02 & 2265.73 & 470.68 & 65.79 & 222,678.17 \\
**2015** & 144.93 & 3,332,142.23 & 0.00 & 15,043.02 & 2775.90 & 525.03 & 86.63 & 218,875.11 \\
**2016** & 143.43 & 3,320,505.98 & 0.00 & 15,357.38 & 206.02 & 729.81 & 102.35 & 218,150.23 \\
**2017** & 157.83 & 3,318,989.15 & 0.24 & 16,228.36 & 2122.46 & 830.99 & 98.89 & 212,146.05 \\
**2018** & 148.00 & 3,311,486.93 & 0.00 & 15,606.63 & 1571.92 & 883.70 & 72.94 & 217,815.19 \\
**2019** & 122.77 & 3,307,899.08 & 0.00 & 16,282.29 & 1554.08 & 823.63 & 59.67 & 219,497.52 \\ \hline
**Minimum** & 110.76 & 3,307,899.08 & 0.24 & 9370.81 & 1554.08 & 313.90 & 59.67 & 212,146.05 \\
**Maximum** & 157.83 & 3,374,351.77 & 0.74 & 16,282.29 & 2837.62 & 883.70 & 170.61 & 226,820.70 \\
**Mean** & 132.89 & 3,338,713.83 & 0.09 & 13,512.72 & 2273.56 & 548.50 & 85.69 & 220,976.23 \\ \hline
**Classes** & **SV** & **GL** & **PW** & **CL** & **UBL** & **NVM** & **BN** & **WB** \\ \hline
**2009** & 814,410.32 & 427,688.15 & 42,969.10 & 46,468.92 & 3214.24 & 760.86 & 118.81 & 76,486.03 \\
**2010** & 814,458.43 & 430,814.48 & 43,318.25 & 47,845.75 & 3218.21 & 752.73 & 119.44 & 76,460.22 \\
**2011** & 820,451.11 & 424,921.60 & 44,032.14 & 50,617.98 & 3222.43 & 775.05 & 114.60 & 76,502.45 \\
**2012** & 828,404.93 & 419,508.25 & 44,750.54 & 52,640.53 & 3225 From 2009 to 2019, there were increases in the areas of DBF (6911.48 km\({}^{2}\)), CS (509.74 km\({}^{2}\)), WSV (10.02 km\({}^{2}\)), GL (76,546.68 km\({}^{2}\)), PW (4962.60 km\({}^{2}\)), CL (14,985.15 km\({}^{2}\)), UBL (35.40 km\({}^{2}\)), BN (23.29 km\({}^{2}\)) and WB (483.52 km\({}^{2}\)) and, on the other hand, decreases in the areas of ENF (3.72 km\({}^{2}\)), EBF (66,452.69 km\({}^{2}\)), MF (1131.31 km\({}^{2}\)), OS (110.94 km\({}^{2}\)), SV (36,675.64 km\({}^{2}\)) and NVM (92.83 km\({}^{2}\)). The EBF had the largest area (3.34 M km\({}^{2}\)), observed in the center, east and north of the BLA. It is also that which suffered the majority of the losses over the study period, of 66,452.69 km\({}^{2}\). Considering the total study area, the EBF represented 67.28% in 2009 and dropped to 65.95% in 2019. This evidences a reduction of \(\sim\)2%, as an annual mean of 6645.27 km\({}^{2}\) in land use and land changes (Figure 1, Table 2). Larger areas of SV, GL and WSV were observed in the northeast to south of BLA, representing the second, third and fourth largest extensions, close to each other. These classes were observed from the northeast, near Sao Luis--MA, to the south of the BLA, as well as in the region of Boa Vista--RO (Figure 1). The DBF and MF classes were observed closer to the SV, GL and WSV classes. In greater concentration, the DBF was observed in the south of Mato Grosso state (MT) and in the central part of Maranhao, and MF in the southeast of Mato Grosso and Para. The CL was the sixth largest in area and was observed mainly in the southern flank of the BLA (Figures 1 and 2).