# IoT-Based Intelligent Modeling of Smart Home Environment for Fire Prevention and Safety
)1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.R. )1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.R. )1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.H.H.H. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S. )1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.H.H.H. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S. )1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.H.H.H. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S. )1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; bscsfaisal821 sink, cluster head etc.) for processing [8]. WSNs used for fire detection systems also have the same functional properties. Each sensor detects rising heat, smoke, or gas in some spots in a home and generate san alert in its head node in a network. The head node collects reports from various sensors and identifies the presence of a fire. Next, different heads coordinate the received inputs and consult with a remote command center to plan a response that may consist in a simple fire alarm generation or in complicated evacuation methods. Numerous technologies based on WSN have already been proposed to detect fire. Some of them are stand-alone with WSN, and some have hybrid technologies. There are many event detection systems, which help to identify heat, gas, and smoke. Today, smart houses and smart cities are equipped with different type of WSNs [12]. In WSNs, more energy may be consumed because of communication overhead. Thus, most of the time, a sensor's battery is exhausted very fast and it may cause the failure of the sensor or the breakdown of whole network, as houses have different sub-portions and each portion is equipped with one sensor with a single function, which in case of failure causes a system flaw. In this scenario, if an event occurs in a certain portion and the sensor fails to detect the accident, then there is no other way to detect the incident at its initial stage. As unifunctional sensors are only be able to detect one event, there is another noticeable issue regarding the possibility of false alarms. For example, a heat detector detects temperature in the environment and produces the alarm if the temperature increases beyond a threshold. However, the increase in heat may be due to environmental changes or human activity in the room. In the case of smoke detectors, the smoke may come from outside or from other sources. The cost of a false alarm is estimated between $30,000 and $50,000 per incident [13]. Today, sensors are very cheap and very small in size. Thus, to address the above-mentioned challenges, we propose an efficient, IoT-based intelligent home fire prevention system using multiple sensors. Each of the sensors uses its own mechanism for detection. Our method detects fire very efficiently and reduces false positives by using Global System for Mobile Communications. The contribution of this article is manifold. * Problems and challenges related to the current approaches are identified. The existing methods use single sensor for each target regions. Nowadays, sensors are very cheap so we used multi-sensors for every critical region to address problems linked to single sensor detection. * We use GSM communication to alert the user at early stages if the sensor reports a fire. * The identification of the fire is made by the system after verification from two sources. These sources are: (1) Response of the user to the GSM alert, i.e., if the user response is fire, then our system directly generates the alarm; (2) When two or more sensors report fire, then the system directly generates a fire alarm without waiting for the user response. * We use star topology for the deployment of sensors and communication between sensors and main home sink.